S. Dept. of Health, Education and Welfarey PUBLIC 22.73) LIBRARY STATE HEALTH publication vo, ADM 44 MAR 31 1976 f£ bd hat? | ici bom 3 ap —S oo Yy TV Wy Meee worn “Ge '' ''FIRST NATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ASIAN-AMERICAN MENTAL HEALTH April 27-29, 1972 San Francisco, California Prepared by Conference Report Committee: Leighton Huey, Coordinator and Editor; Paige Barber, Carol Hatanaka, George K. Igi, Bok-Lim Kim, Faye Munoz, George M. Nishinaka, Jan Sunoo NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF MENTAL HEALTH Center for Minority Group Mental Health Programs 5600 Fishers Lane Rockville, Maryland 20852 '' 6096/20X N \ ¥ ~ \ 4 RY) XQ WA \ } .y * \\ i how 4 aN Ww DHEW Publication No. (ADM) 74-46 Printed 1974 For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office Washington, D. C. 20402—Price 90 cents Stock Number 1724-00384 ''A790 Kg N37 19728 FOREWORD ae The Asian-American Mental Health Conference of 1972 stands out as a landmark in my experience in working with varied groups and organizations. Culminating intensive preplanning and planning efforts by the Center for Minority Group Mental Health Programs of the National Institute of Mental Health, the success of the conference greatly exceeded our most hopeful expectations. _ Looking forward to one more quiet and ordered téte-d-téte with representatives of a newly organized constituency, I experienced instead a sudden immersion into the real problems of people in pain. While 81 participants had been “invited,” the 600 and more who attended contributed greatly to an overwhelming experience. It was one which gave me a special dose of sensitization to what had been mostly an amorphous entity—the community. In retrospect, the sometimes stormy and quite volatile climate of the meetings seemed necessary to the process that resulted in the formulation of several major recommendations. Among the most important and one with the greatest promise of continuity was the recommendation for the creation of an Asian-American Coalition. This Asian-American Coalition for Mental Health has now been made a reality through our joint efforts. This report of the conference must be viewed in the light of a social experience in which we seldom have the opportunity to participate. It is presented here as produced by the group’s own Conference Report Committee, without alteration of content or style, to convey as authentically as possible the process in which we all became involved in the course of the meetings. With this as an example, other groups are encouraged to gain a sense of pride and self-appreciation in the knowledge that what they say and how they say it is acceptable and valuable to others. I extend my sincere appreciation to the Asian-American Task Force, to Dr. James R. Ralph, chief, Center for Minority Group Mental Health Programs, and to K. Patrick Okura, my executive assistant, for the leadership demonstrated in convening this con- ference. Acknowledgment is also due the members of the Confer- ence Report Committee who have endeavored to capture the excitement and challenge of the event. BERTRAM S. Brown, M.D. Director National Institute of Mental Health 8658 '' ied See ee 7 aie 7 ; eet eee xe Pe ns 4's ''CONTENTS Foreword .................. I. Background, Development, and Beginning |. II. ConferenceMood... III. Recommendations and Resolutions... ......... IV. Postplanning ........................ V. Recommendation Highlights ..................... IV. Progress Report ............ ee Appendixes A. Delegates to the First Preplanning Meeting, National Conference on Asian-American Mental Health ..... B. Delegates to the Second Preplanning Meeting |. C. Conference Agenda and Planning Group.......... D. Allocation of Delegates and Travel Budget Plan Based on Population Formula ......................... E. Roster of Delegates to the First National Conference on Asian-American Mental Health... sss F. Roster of Conference Participants ................ G. Delegates to the Postplanning Conference ...... H. NIMH Staff and Consultants .................... I. Position Paper from Asian Americans, Boston, Massachusetts ............0. 000000. ili 14 23 28 30 33 33 34 36 38 43 60 61 62 ''=e & a7 ''BACKGROUND, DEVELOPMENT, AND BEGINNING In April 1972, the Asian-American Social Workers (AASW), in conjunction with the newly formed Center for Minority Group Mental Health Programs of the National Institute of Mental Health, sponsored the First National Conference on Asian- American Mental Health. The process leading to and the subse- quent developments resulting from that conference are the subject of this report. The Center for Minority Group Mental Health Programs was established by NIMH to implement the priority of minority mental health, and the staff made concerted efforts to reach minority communities throughout the country. In October 1971, Mr. K. Patrick Okura, executive assistant to the Director, NIMH, and Dr. James Ralph, chief, Center for Minority Group Mental Health Programs, contacted the leader- ship of the AASW concerning a proposed NIMH conference on Asian Americans. The Center sought contact with both profes- sional and lay groups within the Asian-American communities to aid in the planning and organization of the conference. At that time, AASW was the sole Asian-American organization in the area of the behavioral sciences which had national representation. It had members from Chinese, Filipino, Guamanian, Japanese, Korean, Samoan, and Pacific island communities across the Nation. ’ AASW was known to NIMH as a truly representative Asian- American organization within the social work field from prior contact through AASW’s participation in the National Council on Social Work Education (CSWE) Conference held in Seattle in January 1971, and through a subsequent joint COWE/AASW / NIMH conference held in Los Angeles in April 1971. The confer- ences in Seattle and Los Angeles were the first contacts between members of NIMH and representatives of the national Asian group. As a result of the initial contact, a preliminary meeting regard- ing an Asian-American Mental Health Conference was set for November 29, 1971, at AASW national headquarters in Los Angeles. At that time, the local Mental Health Committee of AASW met with several NIMH representatives to discuss the purposes of the conference. The objectives of the proposed con- I ''ference were to determine and document precise needs, goals, and priorities in mental health for Asian Americans by using the col- lective experiences of selected professional and lay workers within the Asian-American communities. At that time, AASW agreed to accept the responsibility for organizing the conference. Dr. Ford Kuramoto, then president of AASW, appointed Mr. George K. Igi, ACSW, chairman of NIMH projects, as conference chairman. The initial task facing the group was to bring together a more repre- sentative planning group, namely, a nationally representative body. Letters were then sent to all national AASW chapters, Asian constituents of The National Association of Social Workers (NASW), CSWE, and other Asian groups throughout the United States. Each area was requested to select an area chairperson to aid in the planning of the conference. On December 27, 1971, a second preliminary meeting in Los Angeles was held at AASW national headquarters. At this time, several recommendations were made regarding the tentative date, site, number of delegates, and program of the conference. Mr. Okura was present as an official from NIMH. A date was set for a Preplanning Committee meeting on February 4, 1972, at which time area chairpersons from across the country would meet and continue the planning. The possibility of holding the conference in tandem with the Asian CSWE Task Force meeting was suggested to increase the number of participants without spending addi- tional conference funds. By this time, chairpersons had been chosen by each area group. Prior to the Preplanning Committee meeting, the immediate responsibility of each area was to conduct a miniconference to determine their local community needs, suggest topics for the conference, and select participants to attend the conference. Thus, area chairpersons, NIMH officials, and AASW repre- sentatives met in Los Angeles on February 4 to begin formal organization of the mental health conference. Individuals from as far as Honolulu, New York, Seattle, and San Diego were involved. The site of the Preplanning Committee meeting, orig- inally set for Washington, D.C., was changed to Los Angeles by the planning group, and resulted in a cost saving of over $1,600. At this meeting, Ms. Linda Wang of the Northeast Mental Health Services in San Francisco was chosen as Program Committee chairperson, and by consensus of the committee, Mr. George K. Igi was reaffirmed as conference chairperson. The following guidelines were adopted by the committee at this meeting. First, Preplanning Committee members voted to adopt a formula to ensure fair and adequate Asian representation based on ethnicity, geographic location, demonstrated community involvement, and population, as well as by professional and lay 2 ''group categorization.! The formula was derived from a systematic analysis of census data of the major population bases of Asians across the country. Other decisions made by the committee included the site for the conferences as San Francisco; date, April 27-29, 1972; and the number of delegates. Following this meeting, area groups across the Nation partici- pated in community meetings to select their official delegates to the conference based on the formula adopted at the February 4 meeting.? Groups from different ethnic backgrounds and areas of specialization met together. Thus, the conference itself helped Asians throughout the country come together. In addition, stu- dents and local search committees undertook an aggressive cam- paign to reach Asians across the country. Over 100 hours were spent in a telephone and mail campaign. Through these efforts, a broader representation of Asians was secured, and the number of official delegates was effectively increased from 40 to 81. A month and a half later, on March 15, 1972, the Program Com- mittee met again in San Francisco to finalize the conference plans. At that time, the committee agreed upon the following: 1. Although the conference was open to other than official delegates, only official delegates would be eligible to vote at the Delegate Assembly. 2. Only Asians would be allowed to participate, with the exception of HEW officials and invited guests. 8. A fee of $5 ($2.50 for students) was to be assessed each registrant to help defray costs not covered by the conference budget. 4. A conference budget of $16,000 was adopted. It should be emphasized at this point that throughout the planning a conscious effort to stretch the conference budget was maintained. This was done in several ways: (1) voluntary declina- tion of professional service contracts (a consultant’s fee of $100 would have been paid to each official delegate) ; (2) changing the original site of Washington, D.C. to Los Angeles as the location of the Preplanning Committee meeting; and (3) requesting sup- plementary funding of this conference from Dr. Frank Ochberg, Associate Regional Health Director from Region IX, since Region IX has the largest Asian population base of all regions. This careful use of funds enabled the original number of 40 delegates to be increased to 81. Given the logistical, time, and resource problems, and to ensure that the conference program represented all interest groups and all geographic areas, Ms. Wang decided to form a San Francisco Bay Area Program Planning Committee (see agenda in Appen- 1, Formula adopted at the February 4 mecting (see attached chart). 2. Preplanning Meeting, NIMH AASW National Conference, February 4, 1972 (see appen- dix A). ''dixes). Her concern was to involve all interested parties in the planning and decision-making processes, and to solicit ideas and recommendations from Asian Americans in distant areas through correspondence. This section of the report, therefore, will review the procedures followed and decisions made as the planning group in San Francisco attempted to carry out its mandates. It also summarizes the results of approximately 20 meetings of subcom- mittees in various locations in the Bay Area, and the full planning- group meeting which involved approximately 50 persons. After drawing together the ideas presented by area representa- tives at the February 4 meeting, a proposed program was sent out on February 13 to area representatives for modifications and specific suggestions regarding format and content. In addition, names of potential participants for the panels and workshops, and speakers were solicited. It was understood that the responsi- bility of the area representatives was to contact people in their respective areas for feedback on the program and for discussing what results they desired from the conference. The area repre- sentatives were told to return their responses by February 25 in order that a preliminary program could be sent to NIMH by the end of the month. - The Preplanning Committee in the San Francisco Bay Area waited until March 1 before beginning to compile and integrate the area suggestions in the hope that more responses would be received. Ten areas responded—Boulder, Honolulu, Chicago, Sac- ramento, Salt Lake City, San Diego, San Francisco, San Jose, Seattle, and Los Angeles. Because the suggestions of one area frequently contradicted those of another area, several meetings were required to integrate the suggestions and to try to find com- mon themes. This part of the program planning would probably have been infinitely better had there been an additional opportu- nity for area representatives to meet and make decisions about the program collectively. However, this was not possible. After finalizing the format and content of the program, the committee began the difficult task of selecting panelists and speakers. One of the major concerns in the selection process was to balance professional and allied-professional members of the panels in order to obtain a broader, and hopefully more accurate, perspective on Asian-American mental health. In addition, it was considered essential to select people who could discuss the issues in depth, drawing from their experiences in Asian-American communities. For example, criteria for selection of the speaker on racism were (1) broad experience in an Asian-American com- munity, (2) broad experiences in socio-politico-economic areas, and (3) demonstrated ability to express the Asian experience with racism in the United States. 4 ''During March, recommended panelists and speakers were con- tacted by phone and/or letter, and all invitations were confirmed. Fortunately, NIMH covered transportation costs of panelists and speakers, since this expense had not been included in the original budget. In fact, the budget for planning the conference was not established until the Program Planning Committee came into existence. By March 15, the workshop discussion leaders and resource people were selected from delegates and individuals recommended by area representatives. This group was supplemented by addi- tional people from the San Francisco Bay Area. Resource people for the workshops were selected from the official delegate list primarily for two reasons: 1. It was obvious that many of the delegates were well quali- fied to serve in that capacity. 2. There was not enough money to bring additional people to the conference to serve in the workshops. During early April, letters for confirmation were sent to people who would serve as moderators of panels. By mid-April, approxi- mately half of the people contacted had responded. On April 24, the list of workshop contributors was completed. Finally, several restaurants and halls were contacted regarding the April 28 dinner. Joe Jung’s Restaurant was chosen because it was reasonably priced. Registration On March 25, program and registration materials were sent to delegates. On March 28, packets of these materials were sent to area representatives. Volunteers for registering people at the door were assembled and organized by early April. Approximately 300 people had pre- registered. Registration and material packets for distribution at the time of the conference were put together on April 26 by additional volunteers. Hotel In early March, approximately 10 hotels in San Francisco were contacted and screened and two hotels were selected: The Bellevue because it was willing to provide conference space free of charge, and because it was able to accommodate 400 people (the original estimates of the number of people who would attend ranged from 200-400) ; the International Hotel because of its symbolic signifi- cance to the Asian community as well as for its reasonable rates. It was disappointing that we could not find a hotel which employed Asians at all job levels. ''In conclusion, the Program Committee chairperson wrote: It is impossible to put down in detail the many decisions that were made or the work that was done during the planning of the conference. However, it is hoped by the Program Plan- ning Committee in the Bay Area that the major points have been reported. It is our firm belief that we are accountable to the body of people who participated in the conference, and that what we have done, or not done, what we have done well or done poorly, should be a matter of public information. ''Il CONFERENCE MOOD Not unexpectedly, the conference began with a tremendous sense of hope and goodwill. The excitement of those present generated a great expectation that indeed something important was about to happen. This was the mood during the informal Open Forum held the first evening (April 27), and again at the start of: the official proceedings which began the next morning. The ballroom of the Bellevue Hotel contained an unprecedented gathering of pan-Asian and Pacific people, representing many occupations and professions, coming from all parts of the country, who shared by ancestry a unique experience. It was that experience which osten- sibly was the bond that had attracted them to the conference in the first place, and which created an atmosphere of commonality of purpose. Such an atmosphere was short-lived, however. Signs that the entire initial mood might alter came early in the course of the conference. Many of the participants, including some of the 81 “official” national delegates, were unsure of what the conference was about or of what it was intended to do. Quite a few people seemed to have no knowledge of NIMH, or its role in national mental health programs. Most were unaware that it was the major funding source for the conference. Some questioned why NIMH would want to sponsor such a conference, and were cau- tious about the motivation for such a gesture. Others seemed to think that a substantial amount of Federal dollars was already available for programs which might evolve out of the conference. And a few questioned the “right” of AASW to even have taken the initial steps to organize the conference. _ Internally—that is, among the conference participants them- selves—evidence of conflict soon became apparent. The first issue involved the question of “official” and “unofficial” delegates. Con- cern was expressed over the manner in which the 81 official dele- gates had been chosen and whether that process of selection had been fair. Over 600 unofficial delegates were present, each of whom paid the registration fee to attend the conference, and argu- ments were advanced for making everyone an official delegate with full voting privileges in the Delegate Assembly. This chal- lenge was never directly resolved, although during Sunday’s voting, it was theoretically only the 81 official delegates who were allowed to vote on the resolutions and recommendations. 7 ''Other issues contributed to rising tensions and disagreement, e.g., “grass roots” constituency vs. “agency-professional” constit- uency; the “more militant” vs. the “less militant”; “younger vs. older”; those “not in charge” of the conference vs. those “in charge” of the conference. Some voiced their anger and dissatis- faction over the seemingly academic exercise of holding a confer- ence on mental health when the real problems were housing, employment, and civil rights. As the conference proceeded, the level of tensions mounted. Generated by decades of isolation, mis- trust, and controlled anger, unexpressed feelings found their out- let during the conference. An ensuing confrontation with NIMH representatives estab- lished the tone for the remainder of the conference. Dr. Bertram S. Brown, Director of NIMH, and several division directors had been invited to attend.*? During a question-and-answer period fol- lowing a speech by Dr. Brown on “NIMH and Asian-American Communities,” many participants expressed their anger and uncertainty about NIMH’s real commitment to the Asian commu- nities. As mentioned above, some apparently had come to the conference anticipating that large amounts of Federal funds for community programs were already available. Others were suspi- cious of governmental motives for sponsoring such a conference, and seemed determined to prove that there was no commitment, or if one did exist, it was hollow. When Dr. Brown spoke about establishment of the Center for Minority Group Mental Health Programs within NIMH, and the allocation of $10 million for its development, some people interpreted this as meaning that the total financial commitment to the Asian communities for com- munity programs was some fraction of this sum. During the latter part of the morning session on April 29, Dr. Brown’s not remain- ing for the entire Delegate Assembly was misconstrued by some as a lack of commitment by NIMH, and as a justification for any mistrust or anger which participants might have previously harbored. Following the confrontation with NIMH officials, an atmos- phere of rivalry, mistrust, and factionalism prevailed. For the first time, hastily-called caucuses—primarily based on ethnicity, but also geography—were announced. With confusion as to the purpose of the conference, the role of NIMH, and uncertainty as to the future, it seemed as though these groups were formed to protect any vested ethnic or geographic interest. The opening mood of the conference—hope and goodwill—seemed replaced by a determination to protect one’s territory. The climax of the negative mood which the conference had now 3. Roster of persons who attended February 4 conference in San Francisco (see partial list in appendixes E and F). ''assumed came in its final moments. Throughout the conference, an NIMH audio-video team had been taping the proceedings. Toward the end of the meetings, questions were suddenly raised about the necessity for NIMH to record the proceedings. Most important, it was stated, was the question of what was going to be done with the recorded material. A response given by an NIMH staff member was that the tape would be edited and assembled into a 30- or 60-minute summary of the conference. Several of the participants remaining at the sessions protested editing of the tapes by NIMH. The concern was that NIMH might edit and use the material only in a manner to indicate fulfillment of its commitment to Asian-American communities. This, they held, would distort what some believed to have taken place at the conference, that no commitment had been made at all. Demands were then made for release of the tapes to a committee chosen by the participants. When advised that the tapes were Government property and therefore could not be released, some participants suggested taking the tapes by force if necessary. Following much argument, a compromise was reached whereby the tapes were to be edited at a future date by a committee composed of members of the delegation. This edition of the tapes was to be the only one available for distribution. The senior NIMH official present was required to sign an agreement to this effect. There are many considerations in attempting to assess the meaning of what took place during the course of the conference. Any such assessment must necessarily rely partly on speculation and try to separate the reality from the fantasy of the situation as much as possible. The fact that this was the first successful attempt to coordinate a conference of national scope for the pan-Asian communities is certainly highly significant in itself. This is particularly true in light of the history of interaction among the various Asian com- munities themselves, and interaction characterized at times by mistrust, competitiveness, territoriality, and a reluctance to come together. One example of such sentiment was written by one of the delegates from Hawaii, and is included here to give some idea as to the nature and intensity of these feelings. In Hawaii, Asians are considered by some Hawaiians to be the facilitators of oppression. The majority of Asians in Hawaii hold key positions in nearly all decision-making bodies throughout the State. For this reason, when confronted by the dissatisfaction voiced by Asians themselves at the conference, it was difficult for me to relate to it. On the national level, it may be true that Asians per se are treated as second class citizens. However. the plight of the Hawaiian people in their own homeland is an even greater problem. Imagine how we feel, when attempting to resolve 9 ''our concerns and we realize that those who have the political power in Hawaii are Asians themselves. I share this with you so that Asians will be able to under- stand what the situation is like in Hawaii. Racism is practiced in Hawaii and low man on the totem pole is the Hawaiian. Perpetuators of this racist attitude which continues to plague my people are the white man’s values, with the Asian helping to maintain these values. The national conference for Asians helped me to under- stand that the Hawaiian people have something in common with Asians, but only on a national level. Locally, the Asian role is one of success. Hawaiians are constantly being com- pared to Asians, and our self-esteem suffers as a result of this. The value system of the Hawaiian is not one of individual- ism. Materialism is not our bag. Until Asians in Hawaii and on the continent become more sensitized to the total national problem of Asians, they will be unable to grasp and fully understand the negative aspects of what their political and economic power is doing to Hawaiians. Hawaiians and those delegates from Hawaii can interact well with one another and work toward a more equitable and humane society. This is what we hoped to demonstrate in San Francisco. This is our purpose in Hawaii. If, through the conference, we can reach the minds and hearts of all Asians and inform them of our situation in Hawaii, then the conference was well worth the time and effort.* That the conference represented uncertain ground for Asians is a certainty. The historical perspective of Asian ethnic groups maintaining their isolation from each other and the larger com- munity was suddenly overturned, and Asians were asked to coop- erate and unify for a common goal, something which is difficult to achieve. In addition, it might be said that the cohesiveness of the black and Latin communities (both had already held similar conferences) facilitated the coming together of Asians, perhaps partly out of a concern by Asians not to be “left behind.” There was a small number of participants in attendance who seemed determined to prove that the conference was a ruse, and an attempt by the Government and those in charge of the con- ference‘ to falsify the real conditions in the Asian communities. While the majority of people appeared to come with positive expectations and feelings, such a state was highly labile. It was easy for the mood to change from positive to negative. It was as though some people expected to be disappointed, because that expectation confirmed the prejudices they had brought with them—the Government is not to be trusted; its commitment is nonexistent; the Asian-American communities will have to con- tinue on their own. NIMH merely represented a symbol of some- thing larger, something almost intangible. The reaction to the 4. Ms. Paige Barber, HAAPP (Hawaiian Association for Asian and Pacific People). 10 ''conference by the participants is understandable only in terms of the unique history of each Asian group within this Nation, and the path each group has followed or been forced to follow. In one sense, it was as though Asians at the conference, being fully aware of the historical perspective of Asians in America, were taunting and challenging the Government and the majority com- munity—“‘you say you’re interested and committed ; now prove it!” The issue of cultural pride may account in part for the response of some people to the conference. Anger and resentment were expressed over the atttempt to classify Asians by using standard mental health concepts. Many Asians present felt that such a classification violates the feeling which they have that Asians are unique, with unique problems. It is not that the mental health movement does not take into account environmental influences which may impinge on the individual and thus cause “mental illness.” It certainly does. The issue is more that the movement does not consider mental health cross-culturally, and that the vocabulary and classification of cross-cultural mental health are virtually nonexistent. The feeling of resentment which many Asians have on being diagnosed with occasionally irrelevant ter- minology is balanced by a strong desire for research directed toward developing an adequate system of mental health concepts applicable to Asian Americans. When it became apparent that what NIMH was offering was an “interested ear,’”’ and not hard money, the response was pre- dictable. The anger and mistrust directed at NIMH spilled over into friction between the separate ethnic and geographic groups. As mentioned earlier, there was a tendency for each group to assert and reassert its autonomy, not only for the benefit of NIMH, but for one another. For some groups, there was an apparent fear of being engulfed within the matrix of the Asian- American community, resulting in incorporation and loss of iden- tity. For Guamanians, Hawaiians, and Samoans, the situation was as follows: The Asian-American Conference was a thoroughly new experience, somewhat frightening and challenging, to the Guamanian, Hawaiian, and Samoan delegates. These three delegate groups were the smallest among the Asian commu- nities represented at the conference. For the most part, the Guamanians, Hawaiians, and Samoans discovered for the first time what an encounter could be like with other Asian groups. Although these three groups of people were included as a part of the Asian com- munity, there were reservations, confusion, and perhaps even resistance to becoming a part of the larger group’s identity. The Asian-American-community-concept is a new concept. For many, including so-called “Asians” from the Asian con- tinent, and particularly for Pacific island people, the concept 11 ''is confusing. To many, the concept basically refers to Orien- tal people such as the Chinese, Japanese, and Koreans. Fur- thermore, there has not been a prior alliance of this type between Pacific island people and those of the Asian conti- nent. Therefore, the role and identity of Pacific island people within, this new ethnic mix were directly confronted during the conference. Identity was one problem with which the Guamanians, Hawaiians, and Samoans had to deal. A second problem posed was the kind of power possible, considering their small rep- resentation. There was a concomitant fear of being relatively unsophisticated professionally and experientially when com- pared to other larger, more influential Asian groups, and that this apparent gap in expertise would be detrimental to Gua- manian, Hawaiian, and Samoan groups in protecting their interests. It should be noted that there were only six Gua- manians, four or five Hawaiians, and one Samoan at the conference, and only one had a professional degree, an M.S.W. These problems and issues spurred these three groups to form a caucus to deliberate on their concerns. Specific and unique problems within each group had to be dealt with. The members of these groups came from different areas and had varying experiences from other Asian groups. Those coming from Los Angeles had more contact with other Asian Americans in community and professional activities. The Hawaiians came as part of a pan-Asian State delegation. For them, there was the question of whether they were to repre- sent the larger issues in their State or matters pertaining to their own particular ethnic community. The Guamanian dele- gate from San Diego commented on prior association his- torically with the Filipino people, and, thus, an attempt was made for all brown Asians to join. Because the Filipino group outnumbered tremendously the other three, and because the Filipinos seemed to have a definite agenda, the three Pacific island groups decided not to coalesce. As a result of the caucus, the Hawaiians decided to remain unified within the State delegation since its cohesiveness and unity were seen as important for the entire pan-Asian com- munity in Hawaii. The Samoan remained with the Guama- nian delegates, and an agreement was made to join together in an informal coalition until such time that a more satisfac- tory exploration into the definition and needs of the Pacific island people could be accomplished. The ultimate goal was a more formal alliance among Pacific island people within the Asian-American community. Despite the ferment and turmoil which characterized the con- ference, several positive outcomes resulted. It can be viewed as a first step, the start of something unprecedented among Asian Americans. The conference may prove to have been a catalyst for Asian-American unification. The high emotion which character- 5. Ms. Faye Munoz, Guamanian Representative, Los Angeles, Calif. 12 ''ized the conference can be considered as an expected, painful part of a unification process. From an experiential viewpoint, the conference served to expose people to one another, i.e., the exposure of Asians to one another ; the exposure of Asians to the realities before them, vis-a-vis the Government; the exposure of the Government to the Asian com- munities. It is through such contact that progress, if it is to be forthcoming at all, will evolve. Finally, the conference served to reaffirm and generate cultural pride. There was not only the separate pride of each ethnic group (which, as noted, was divisive at times), there was the larger pancultural awareness which served to coalesce those very distinct and individual groups of which the conference consisted. (See Appendix I: Position Paper.) It is this latter phenomenon which must be fostered in the future. 13 ''Ul RECOMMENDATIONS AND RESOLUTIONS The development of a framework to organize the recommenda- tions and resolutions of the conference required a scheme of classification whereby the material could be presented in logical sequence without being repetitious. Within each resolution there were more than one issue and recommendation presented; in addi- tion, there were many similar proposals under different sponsor- ships. Frequency of similar recommendations and statements was a significant indicator of the participants’ concerns and interests, yet to list them all would be repetitious. Therefore, in this section the resolutions are organized around issues and problems. After several readings of all the resolutions accepted by the conference’s Delegate Assembly, a system was developed to sep- arate the “Whereas” and “Therefore”? components of each reso- lution into two major categories. The first category represents concern and/or statements about specific issues; the second cate- gory consists of practical means for resolving the problems stated in the first. The first part was further divided into two sections: (1) Institutional Racism and Its Effects on Asians; and (2) Com- monality of Goals for All Asians, but a Recognition of Uniqueness and Variation Within the Pan-Asian Community. The recommendations and proposals contained in the ‘There- fore” section of the resolutions are classified as follows: (1) Development and Funding for Innovative Programs Which Can Be Responsive to Asian Communities; (2) Need for Research; (3) Manpower Training in Direct Service, Research, and Plan- ning; (4) Formation of an Asian-American Coalition on a National Level; (5) Ethnic Group Trust; (6) Specific Recommendations. A. “WHEREAS” CATEGORY 1. Institutional Racism and Its Effects on Asians All the resolutions from the conference workshops and the ethnic and geographic caucuses contained explicit statements about the relationship of Asian-American problems to institu- tional racism in America. The scope and nature of the problems as presented at the conference were as follows: underemploy- ment and unemployment; high school dropouts combined with low levels of academic achievement; drug abuse; delinquent activ- 14 ''ities among ghetto youth; substandard housing; absent or inade- quate health and social care services within Asian communities; lack of research on Asian-American communities and their peo- ple; lack of opportunities to enter decision-making positions; negative and derogatory portrayal of Asians in mass media; and stereotyping of Asians. A resolution to end the war in Southeast Asia viewed the con- flict as immoral and racist, and pointed out that it was the Asian people who were being brutalized and killed. The resolution also pointed out that Asian-American youths were required to serve in an Asian war in which they might become identified with the Vietnamese rather than as U.S. troops, and that this could have an effect on the Asian-American image in this country. There was additional concern about the development of racist attitudes by GIs, and its effect on Asian-American communities. The purpose, organization and planning of the conference became targets of criticism. Some participants questioned whether a lack of firm commitments from NIMH to fund programs for Asian-American communities expressed an absence of faith and was a manifestation of racism. 2. Commonality Goals for all Asians, but a Recognition of Uniqueness and Variation within the Pan-Asian Community At least half of the resolutions explicitly and implicitly pleaded or demanded that Asian Americans be identified with the rich and unique heritage of their ancestry, pointing out the variation of culture, language, and immigration history of each Asian group that has settled in this country. It was felt that while racism in its institutional and individual forms provided the common basis of Asian experiences in the United States, each group wanted recognition as Asian Americans with unique histories, cultures, and experiences. Filipino and Guamanian groups were emphatic on this issue as they felt that their identities and needs had not been given adequate attention by the conference or the larger community. While there was the recognition of the need for unity among Asian Americans, some groups and individuals were appre- hensive lest such efforts at unification might obliterate their cultural heritage and social identities. Such sensitivity must be appreciated in view of the tendency of the larger society to group all Asians in a single category. Responsible and relevant problem-solving for each ethnic group must be appropriate to their varied backgrounds, resources, needs, and lifestyles. The expectation that Asian-American problems can be dealt with as a single package must be corrected if the programs and services are to be relevant, acceptable, accessible, and effective to the Asian-American population. 15 ''B. “THEREFORE” CATEGORY 1. Development and Funding for Innovative Programming Relevance, accessibility, acceptability, and effectiveness of pro- grams for consumers and communities were of major importance in the 18 recommendations dealing with programs and services. Mechanisms to ensure consumer and community input and control of such programs were suggested, e.g., through memberships in policy-making bodies, program development and planning process/ evaluation teams. The use of outposts or satellite facilities to bring services closer to consumers, and the use of bilingual/ bicultural workers with similar life experiences were recom- mended as means of increasing the relevance, acceptability, acces- sibility, and effectiveness of programs. Various .plans, strategies, and programs dealing with either the needs and problems of Asian-American communities, or promoting conditions for positive mental health were among the resolutions and were classified in terms of target populations to be served: Newcomers, Youth, Senior Citizens, Children and Parents of Interracial Marriages. Three recommendations which could not be classified by a particular target population are listed separately under Specific Recommendations. a. Programs and Services for New Immigrants In order to deal with problems of new immigrants, such as employment/underemployment, culture shock, language problems, housing, realignment of family roles, and care of children, a multipurpose service center with comprehensive and integrated services was proposed. This model was recommended in four other resolutions. The program and services would include: 1. Establishment of pre-immigration orientation programs in the immigrants’ country of origin (particularly those mili- tary wives and others who have no relatives or friends available to help them upon arrival in this country), pos- sibly under the joint sponsorship of the U.S. Immigration oe Naturalization Service office and other civic organiza- ions. 2. Information and referral services which would include educating Asian Americans in the use of existing commu- nity resources such as public health, social security, public welfare, vocational rehabilitation services, adult education, State employment, legal aid. 8. Vocational counseling for immigrants whose job skills must be adjusted to the U.S. job market. Such counseling would include training or retraining and job placement. 4. Advocacy and/or brokerage role to make community serv- ices responsive to Asian Americans and their communities. 16 ''5. Day care centers for the preschool and school age children of working parents. 6. Orientation programs dealing with life in the United States. These programs could include English classes, immigration counseling about such things as rules and regulations of immigration and naturalization laws and the rights of immi- grants under such laws. b. Programs and Services for Senior Citizens Isolation and conditions associated with poverty (e.g., inade- quate income, deficient medical care and nutrition, substandard housing, absence of recreational and work opportunities commen- surate with interests and abilities, etc.) were targets of many program proposals. Service objectives mentioned were: 1. Assistance to obtain pension or social security benefits and provisions 2. Visiting nurse and homemaker services 3. Sheltered workshops 4. Recreational programs and other opportunities to increase contacts and participation with Asian-American commu- nities c. Programs and Services for Youth Many proposals were concerned with the intense identity crisis experienced by Asian-American youth as an outcome of institu- tional racism and the general climate of an impersonal, urbanized, and technological society. Recommended programs were: 1. Drop-in Center for peer counseling and general talk sessions 2. Ethnic Study Programs to acquaint, expose, and provide yous people with the opportunity to study the parent cultures 3. Crisis Centers for youth having social and/or emotional problems 4. Parent Education Programs to sensitize parents about the conflicts and problems of being young and having to grow up in a racist society d. Programs for Children and Partners of Interracial Marriages One of the many problems facing children and partners of interracial marriages is the ambivalent, often rejecting and hos- tile attitudes of both Asian and non-Asian communities toward them. Specific recommendations dealt with the need to increase sensitivity, understanding, and acceptance toward this group. Recommendations were also made to identify and study the needs and problems of uncounted numbers of Asian wives and biracial children of American men who come to the attention of Asian- 17 ''American communities through referrals from law enforcement and protective agencies. Demonstration projects and research to identify and study this population were suggested as a means of providing needed service to this “invisible’ group of Asian Americans. e. Programs for Developing Expertise in Obtaining Public Funds The need to develop skills in obtaining public funds for local programs was recognized, and a suggestion was made that NIMH sponsor a workshop on proposal writing and grantsmanship for Asian Americans. f. Programs for Education Recognizing education as a major influence in determining atti- tudes and values of children and adults, and as a major avenue in acquiring economic and social independence and autonomy, the following recommendations were made: 1. Establish bilingual educational programs, especially in urban areas where the immigration rate is high. 2. Establish bicultural programs in all communities, with the goal being to eliminate or decrease racism in this country. 3. Employ Asian-American teachers, counselors, administra- tors, and community workers in schools. 4. Examine textbooks and teaching materials to systematically delete material with racist distortion. 5. Conduct workshops for educators to examine their attitudes toward Asian-American children and to develop better understanding of Asian-American culture and behavior. g. Program Involving Mass Media The Mass Media Workshop suggested forming a ““Media-Change Organization” which would seek specific funding from NIMH to bring about changes to eliminate inequities and injustices caused by mass media. The means by which this objective could be achieved are: 1. Initiate an Asian-American Media Center. This center would develop and create necessary public service programs not provided by corporate media. Its programs would be geared to highlight the “bitter strength” of Asian-American historical experiences and cultural heritage. 2. Utilize existing regulatory bodies to initiate legal action whenever and wherever the image of the Asian American is misrepresented. 3. Investigate and implement bilingual broadcasting. 18 ''2. Need for Research Altogether, 10 resolutions addressed themselves to the need for research on Asian-American communities and their people. Two major concerns were, first, the paucity of research concerning Asian Americans and their communities; second, the ensuring that future research be conducted by Asian Americans. Areas of potential research, problems of funding, and development of man- power capabilities of Asian-American researchers received spe- cific recommendations. The needed areas of research were: a. Study Asian-American cultural traits which may prevent Asians from effectively utilizing existing local community mental health facilities. b. Study and identify the needs and conflicts of interracial children and develop necessary educational and direct serv- ice programs for them. c. Study variables such as the language barrier, struggle for economic survival, cultural conflicts, identity crises, stresses of coping with ghetto living, etc., and correlate them with the prevalence of physical disorders, e.g., hypertension, gas- tric ulcers, colitis, etc., among the Asian-American com- munity. d. Compare the changing role of women in America with the traditional role and definition of Asian women, and its effects. e. Study the development of Asian-American children as com- pared to other ethnic groups. f. Study the effect of police on the mental health of Asian youth. g. Study Asian-American communities and their ways of deal- ing with mental health problems. The following recommendations dealt with funding problems and the development of Asian-American research manpower: a. Asians should be appointed to the National Mental Health Advisory Council and the Review Panel of NIMH as soon as possible. b. Asians should be involved as the primary investigators in studies that concern Asians. c. Top priority should be given to those projects designed to increase services to Asians and to those projects related to “consumer’s advocacy.” Special attention needs to be directed towards projects which heretofore have been ignored by NIMH, such as those mentioned previously under Development and Funding for Innovative Programming. d. Asian manpower for technical assistance in the planning and implementation of research projects should be increased. e. Community control of funds for research related to com- munity needs should be considered. 19 ''3. Manpower Training in Practice, Research, and Planning Most resolutions gave priority to manpower training as a nec- essary step in resolving the problems facing Asian-American communities. There were three specific recommendations: a. That NIMH provide funds for training of bilingual or bicultural Asian counselors for schools having a substantial percentage of Asians, and that these counselors come from the local communities in which these schools are located. b. That affirmative action be taken in the placement of Asian Americans in current NIMH training programs. ce. That cultural education be provided for non-Asians who come into contact with Asian communities. 4. Asian Self-Determination and Affirmative Action As mentioned earlier, practically all resolutions contained state- ments referring to the principle of self-determination and its consideration when defining and resolving Asian-American issues and problems. Eight resolutions provided specific suggestions for implementing self-determination and for increasing Asian- American influence on the major decision-making processes of government-sponsored programs and research. These recommen- dations are summarized below: a. A number of resolutions challenged the existing definition and diagnostic classification system of mental illness as not being valid and helpful to Asian-American communities. They pointed out a need for Asian-American communities themselves to participate in developing alternative mental health concepts, and developing methods of help and treat- ment appropriate to Asian Americans and their communities. b. All mental health programs in Asian-American communities should be controlled by the “grass roots” community people; funding sources, such as NIMH, should communicate directly with local groups for program development, implementation, and evaluation. c. Membership of Asian Americans on policy-making bodies and review committees of Federal, State, and local agencies which fund and regulate mental health programs was con- sidered as a prerequisite for responsive and consumer- oriented programs. d. Employment of Asian Americans in decision-making posi- tions of Federal, State, and local governments was considered essential in order for Asian-American communities to have access to appropriate governmental resources. e. Establishment of Asian-American Regional Task Forces was recommended. The purposes of these task forces were: 1. To establish further communication with NIMH 2. To relate and present specific problems of the Asian- American communities to NIMH, to other sections of Government, and to other task forces nationally 20 ''3. To be accessible to NIMH, especially to the Center for Minority Group Mental Health Programs and its pro- gram regarding training, research, delivery systems 4. To have the ability to initiate its own conferences on both a national and local level 5. Creation of a Mechanism for an Asian-American Coalition There was enthusiastic and powerful support for Asian- American unity and the formation of a coalition by regional and national organization. The objectives of such an organization were to devise effective means of community participation and control of the plans, programs, and evaluation of all community projects designed for Asian-American communities. Most resolu- tions contained interest in such a coalition, and there were seven resolutions addressed specifically to this topic. Recommendations were that: a. NIMH fund a series of regional conferences to help develop a nationwide organization for concerned Asian Americans in the area of mental health b. NIMH officially recognize this federation as a group whose aim is to serve as an advocate for all local Asian-American communities c. NIMH fund the executive body of this federation d. Federation members be duly elected by their community groups, and those elected are accountable to their respective communities e. NIMH make the names and addresses of the conference participants available to each participant and other inter- ested Asians 6. Ethnic Group Thrust Filipino and Guamanian caucuses presented resolutions request- ing the conference audience and NIMH to recognize their unique identities, aspirations, needs, and problems which they felt were not given due attention in the conference. Both groups wanted equitable representation of their population in all spheres of Asian-American activities which include conferences, ethnic group-centered programs, and research. The Guamanian caucus presented a resolution to reflect that their situation is somewhat different from the rest of the Asian population in the United States. One of their resolutions read as follows: A structure be established between NIMH and the Govern- ment of Guam and the Guamanian communities in the United States to review the appropriate uses of such monies allo- cated for Guam to benefit Guamanians residing in the conti- nental United States. 21 ''7. Specific Recommendations The specific recommendations possessed unique characteristics which made their separate presentation necessary, and they are listed without additional comment. a. The National Conference on Asian-American Mental Health support the formation of a Cabinet-level committee for Asian-American affairs. b. The 1972 Asian-American Mental Health Conference join in the support to give the Minority Recruitment Advisory Committee a permanent, formal status in NIMH. And be it further resolved that the conference make this action known to the Office of the Secretary, HEW. c. NIMH oppose the over-production of barbiturates as an important cause of mental health problems in our commu- nities, and request that FDA take necessary remedial actions immediately. d. NIMH take a position against racist indoctrination of Gls, particularly toward the Asian communities. 22 ''IV POSTPLANNING A. Background and Future Action Following the April meeting, plans were underway to devise a means by which the recommendations and resolutions could become eventual realities. Accordingly, an election was held nationally by mailed ballot to select representatives from the original 81 official delegates who would comprise a Postplanning Committee. Selection was based again on ethnicity, geography, and population base. Fourteen individuals were elected to serve on the Postplanning Committee and plans were made to gather in Rockville, Maryland, September 14-15, 1972.° Functions of the Postplanning Committee were (1) to review all resolutions and recommendations for a plan of action; (2) to critique the conference and develop a conference report; (3) to make recommendations and plans for any future regional or national conferences; (4) to establish some type of structure for national representation. At the time of the Postplanning Committee meeting, it was decided that the conference report was to be written by various members of the Postplanning Committee, and would be coordi- nated and edited by Dr. Leighton Huey. The major outcome of the Postplanning Committee meeting was the decision to accept responsibility as an interim body for the drafting of a national grant proposal for Asian Americans. As noted earlier, such a grant proposal was to be written to achieve the capability for implementing the recommendations of the April conference in San Francisco. This decision was made on the basis that budget constraints on NIMH prevented that agency from funding any future meetings on a personal contract basis. The purpose of the grant was to provide the means (1) to have national and regional conferences, (2) to plan the imple- mentation of conference recommendations, (3) to develop a national body regarding mental health issues, (4) to give techni- cal assistance to community groups across the country in identi- fying Asian mental health problems and in developing proposals. Development of the national grant proposal was coordinated by Mr. George Igi, ACSW, and written by various committee 6. Delegates to NIMH Postplanning Conference, Rockville, Md., Sept. 14-15, 1972 (see appendix G). 23 ''members. At the request of the interim body, Special Service for Groups, Inc., was to provide technical assistance and act as the grantee agency of the proposed projects. The project program was to be controlled by a nationwide group comprised of selected community representatives. B. Response to Conference Reaction papers were requested from conference participants and two are attached as appendixes. One is the position paper from Asian Americans from Boston, Massachusetts and the other is Larry Koseki’s paper, “Asian-American Mental Health: A Decade Ahead.” C. Conference Impact Following the Postplanning Committee meeting, conference impact was assessed by asking Postplanning Committee members to describe what occurred in their respective areas after the April conference. The following is a sample of the responses received: Midwest Region—Bok-Lim C. Kim An organizational effort to form the Association of Asian Amer- icans for Human Service was initiated in December 1971, in the Chicago area. Three delegates were chosen to the San Francisco conference during formation of the Association. While the impact of the conference on the organization of the Association is difficult to assess, there is no question that having contact with repre- sentatives of other Asian-American communities served as a stimulus to form an organization which would be broad in its goals and appeal to the Asian-American community in the Chicago area. Since February 1973, there is a second complimentary organi- zation emerging—the Midwest Asian-American Coalition. The membership of the coalition consists of Asian-American ethnic organizations and agencies. This coalition and others will prob- ably be responsible for the regional conferences outlined in the national federation proposal. Hawati Region—Larry K. Koseki Prior to the first National Asian-American Mental Health Con- ference held in San Francisco, April 1972, the prime activity in Hawaii was to get as much participation and input from the com- munity as possible. Efforts were made to assemble a delegation to the San Francisco conference which was representative of the State population, reflecting the ethnic composition of the Asian- American and Pacific people. Uncertain of what the conference would offer, the Hawaii dele- gation spent considerable time in gearing itself toward working as a group, becoming familiar with each other, and planning strategies. 24 ''The conference itself is now history. Exact results are difficult to measure, but the following has developed in Hawaii: 1. Participation of three Hawaii delegates to the Postplanning Committee Continuing participation of at least two Hawaii delegates to the Postplanning Committee Formation of the Hawaii Association of Asian and Pacific Peoples (HAAPP) ; some of its activities and results have been: 2. 3. a. Established membership of about 20 dues-paying mem- bers (members represent professionals, students, com- munity workers, and volunteers). Prepared to incorporate as a nonprofit organization. Provided financial support to the Old Vineyard St. Resi- dent Association in their struggle to save their homes or at least be assured of adequate housing in any relocation. Extended support (letters, contacts with legislators, etc.) to the University of Hawaii Ethnic Studies Program. Asked the State banking institutions to continue selling food stamps to welfare recipients (through the Legisla- tive Coalition with which HAAPP has established link- ages and which played a small part in having banks continue this operation). Provided support to the Third Arm (a community orga- nization in Chinatown) at the City Council to ensure that urban renewal plans will guarantee housing for displaced people. Worked with the American Friends Service Committee as a prime sponsor to bring “Executive Order 9066” to Hawaii; the showing is scheduled for late December and January 1974. In this connection, plans also call for the showing of the TV documentary “Guilt by Reason of Race.” Supported welfare recipients’ organizations in delaying the “Flat Grant” system until all bugs were worked out (e.g., high cost of rent would result in a major part of assistance being spent on housing). Attempted to provide an Asian-American/Pacific People perspective to the American Psychiatric Association con- vention scheduled for May 1973 in Hawaii. Made arrangement for a HAAPP member to be the representative to the Asian-American CSWE Task Force. Worked towards getting a seat on the DPAA Project Task Force. Developed a paper, “Asian-American Mental Health—A Decade Ahead,” which was presented to the American Psychological Association convention held in Honolulu, Hawaii, September 1972. The paper also touched on impressions of the San Francisco Mental Health Confer- ence for Asian Americans. Seattle Region—Gilbert R. Hirabayashi Following the conference of April 1972, the Seattle delegates 25 ''regrouped and contemplated the situation of Asian-American mental health and how it was perceived in this country. A small group of Asians formed a core which provided the impetus for future action on this situation. They were the primary contact persons for other interested Asians. The planned proposal for a national federation and regional conferences posed an exciting and challenging endeavor. While a first draft of the national fed- eration proposal proved unsatisfactory to the Seattle group, a subsequent draft proved acceptable, and a proposal was submitted to the NIMH Center for Minority Group Mental Health Programs. Seattle had endeavored to provide feedback and representation to the “Interim”? Postconference Planning Committee. The core group, although without a formal name, has also attempted to provide the Seattle area with pertinent information as to what has been accomplished and what is being planned in terms of nationwide Asian-American mental health. The postconference impact, thus far, has not been great in the Seattle area, due mainly to the ambiguity and lack of comprehensive, consolidated planning and achievement by the “Interim” Postplanning Com- mittee. Although Seattle Asian Americans have been primarily involved in local projects, we are still interested in the national scope of this committee, as shown by our consistent response and representation to followup conferences. The feeling seems to be that, if implementation of a national federation seems feasible and realistic, in terms of the present situation, the Seattle com- munity would support it. Seattle Asian Americans seem to feel that if the federation can benefit local communities (because this is our priority) then support would be imminent. San Diego Region—Leighton Y. Huey The San Diego Ad Hoc Committee for the National Federation for Asian-American Mental Health has been an active, construc- tive body in its anticipation of the grant and formation of the national federation. Following the Postplanning Conference in September 1972 let- ters were sent out to people in the San Diego area who were known to be knowledgeable and active in mental health. What was considered paramount was to work with individuals whose prime motivation in serving on the committee would be to help all Asians throughout the Nation as well as in San Diego; the com- mittee was not interested in attracting individuals who had spe- cial group interests and who would place these interests above the common goal of the committee. The response has been gratifying. In several meetings, the committee (consisting of about 20 individuals) set forth the following positions or statements: a. The committee is to limit its basic focus to the NIMH priority programs (e.g., Drug Abuse, Alcoholism, Children and Youth, and Aging, with some allowance: for inclusion of other areas such as Newcomers). Such focus is limited to the collection of data for possible research projects, and to determine community needs in the area of training per- sonnel ‘for eventual services. At no time should the commit- 26 ''tee be construed as having any direct service commitments to segments of the community, other than possibly an educa- tional one in providing information on research and training. The committee members agreed to become involved in the task of providing the area link in the national network by acting as an investigative group which would provide data on the nature of Asian mental health needs in San Diego. This data would be fed into the national federation via the regional conferences. Finally, the committee would be a citizens’ advisory type of group which would be flexible enough to enable other com- munity organizations to provide representatives as partici- pants and/or resource people. In short, the committee could become a central focus for the community in the area of mental health. 27 ''RECOMMENDATION HIGHLIGHTS A major concern of conference participants was that the unique- ness and variation among Asian-American communities be con- sidered when recommendations were drawn up. Therefore, community control and consumer involvement in planning and implementing mental health programs were strongly advocated and recurrent themes. In line with this were recommendations that Asian Americans increase their participation in various mental health areas; i.e., seek membership on _ policy-making bodies which fund and regulate mental health programs, at all levels of Government; plan, develop, and act as primary researchers on studies relating to Asian-American mental health; develop a diagnostic classification system and alternative mental health pro- grams which would prove more relevant to Asian Americans; train and locate Asian-American counselors in schools with sub- stantial numbers of Asian-American students. Recommendations were formulated for developing service pro- grams specific to the needs of new immigrants, senior citizens, young people, and children and partners of interracial marriages. These recommendations included development of various kinds of counseling programs, study groups, crisis centers, and assistance programs to deal with medical, language, employment, and hous- ing problems. Educational recommendations include bilingual programs, par- ticularly in areas where there are large concentrations of new immigrants; bicultural programs to eliminate and decrease racism; workshops to help educators better understand Asian- American culture and behavior; employment of Asian-American teachers, counselors, administrators, and community workers in schools. Recommendations were also made to establish programs that would help Asian Americans develop expertise in obtaining pub- lic funds for their communities and to create an Asian-American Media Center. Among the Media Center’s aims would be develop- ment of programs to highlight Asian-American experience and heritage and implementation of bilingual broadcasts. There was enthusiastic support for the creation of an Asian- American coalition, organized by regions, whose objective would be to devise effective means of community participation and con- trol of plans, programs, and evaluation of all community projects 28 ''designed for Asian Americans. It was recommended that the National Institute of Mental Health fund such an organization. 29 ''Vi PROGRESS REPORT As a direct outcome of the 1972 Asian-American Mental Health Conference, the National Institute of Mental Health provided a 3-year grant in the amount of $463,500 to establish the Asian- American Mental Health Federation. Designed to implement the conference recommendation that a coalition reflecting the diverse ethnic, geographic, and cultural backgrounds of Asians and Pacific * Americans be developed, the Federation was organized to include nine representative regions. The regions are Pacific Northwest, Hawaii, Northern California, Southern California, Southeast, North Central, Mountain and East Central, New Eng- land, and Mid-Atlantic. The Federation is serving as an interim planning and policy- making organization until 1975, when a national convention will be held to adopt permanent policy and structure. Under the direc- tion of project director, Lemuel Ignacio, much progress has been made. Regional interim steering committees have been established to organize regional conferences where the following objectives are carried out: (1) identification of regional mental health needs and solutions, (2) election of members to a permanent regional steering committee, (3) election of delegates to the National Interim Committee, and (4) election of delegates to the national convention. Three regions, the Mid-Atlantic, Southern California, and Northern California, have held their regional conferences. The National Interim Committee is made up of the project director and representatives from each region. While acting as a board of directors which attempts to develop common policy objec- tives and find solutions to common problems, the committee does not set policy for the regions. The committee is developing a posi- tion paper to be considered for adoption at the national convention. An efficient communication process to facilitate interactions between the regions has already been established. This includes a monthly newsletter, The Pacific/Asian Summarizer, which reports regional progress and events; a weekly memo to regional steering committees, which provides day-to-day details of devel- opments; and monthly conference calls involving all steering committees. 7. Since the Conference Report was written, the term Asian Americans has been changed to Asian and Pacific Americans to emphasize the scope of communities involved in the Federation. The Federation is now known as The National Coalition of Asian Americans and Pacific Island Peoples for Human Services and Action. 30 ''The Federation has attracted wide interest from community, university, and professional groups and individuals, and informa- tional material is being developed in response to the growing number of inquiries. In general, the Federation is making excellent progress in lay- ing the groundwork for the establishment of a permanent Asian/ Pacific coalition. With continued effort, cooperation, and support of Asian/Pacific communities throughout the country, the long- range goal of providing improved services will be met. 31 '' ''APPENDIXES* APPENDIX A Delegates to the First Preplanning Meeting, National Conference on Asian-American Mental Health California Al Nakatani San Jose, Calif. Linda Wang San Francisco, Calif. Anne Chew San Diego, Calif. Marian Ono Sacramento, Calif. George K. Igi Los Angeles, Calf. Rev. Tony Ubalde San Francisco, Calif. November 29, 1971 Colorado Sue Taoka Boulder, Colo. Hawaii Larry Koseki Kaneohe, Hawaii Illinois Bok-Lim C. Kim Urbana, Il. Ohio Henry Tanaka Cleveland, Ohio APPENDIX B New York Corky Lee New York, N.Y. Utah Diane Aramaki Salt Lake City, Utah Washington, D.C . David Ushio Washington, D.C. Washington Sue Tomita Seattle, Wash. Delegates to the Second Preplanning Meeting, NIMH/AASW National Conference Corky Lee New York, N.Y. Gwen Wong San Francisco, Calif. Linda Wang San Francisco, Calif. A.C. Ubalde, Jr. San Francisco, Calif. Willie S. Williams Rockville, Md. Marian Ono Sacramento, Calif. Sue Tomita Seattle, Wash. Valdemar Gonzales Rockville, Md. Larry Koseki Kaneohe, Hawaii February 4, 1972 Anne K. Chew San Diego, Calif. Al Nakatani San Jose, Calif. Bok-Lim C. Kim Champaign, Ill. Royal F. Morales Los Angeles, Calif. Helen S. Brown Hermosa Beach, Calif. Wesley Ishikawa San Diego, Calif. Jim Miyano Los Angeles, Calif. Sue Taoka Boulder, Colo. Leighton Huey Del Mar, Calif. George M. Nishinaka Los Angeles, Calif. Karen Ishizuka Capp San Diego, Calif. Harry Kitano Los Angeles, Calif. Lily L. Chen Los Angeles, Calif. George K. Igi Los Angeles, Calif. Geri Mitsunaga Los Angeles, Calif. Diane Aramaki Salt Lake City, Utah James Ralph Rockville, Md. Ron Wakabayashi Los Angeles, Calif. * The Conference Report Committee apologizes for any misspelling of names or incomplete addresses which may appear on the roster. 33 ''ve Thursday, April 27 7:00 p.m.- 8:00 p.m. 7:00 p.m.- 9:00 p.m. 9:00 p.m. Friday, April 28 8:00 a.m.- 8:45 a.m. 8:45 a.m.- 9:00 a.m. 9:00 a.m.- 9:15 a.m. 9:15 a.m.-10:30 a.m. 10:30 a.m.-10:45 a.m. 10:45 a.m.-11:45 a.m. 11:45 a.m.- 1:30 p.m. 1:30 p.m.- 2:15 p.m. 2:15 p.m.- 3:30 p.m. 3:00 p.m.- 3:15 p.m. 3:15 p.m. APPENDIX C First National Conference on Asian-American Mental Health Agenda Registration Report from Council on Social Work Education Open Forum Social—no host cocktails Registration Welcome and Introductions Briefing on conference objectives and proceedings Panel—“What Is Asian-American Mental Health?” BREAK Panel and Participant Exchange LUNCH Presentation—“Common Political-Social-Economic Problems of Asian-American Communities and Their Effects on the Mental Health of Asian Americans” Question Period BREAK Workshops on Mental Health Needs of Asian Americans I Asian-American Identity and Personality Asian-American Social Workers Linda Wang Panclists: Donald Lim, Ph.D. Mori Nishida David Ouan Lindbergh Sata, M.D. Yori Wada II The Mental Health of Asian-American Aged and Family Ill The Mental Health of Asian-American Children and Family IV The Mental Health of Asian-American Youth and Family Vv The Mental Health of Asian Newcomers VI Issues and Problems of Interracial Marriage and Children of Mixed Parentage VII VIII IX OPEN SESSION Mass Media—Its Relation to Asian-American Mental Health Asian-American Communities and Mental Health Care Delivery Institutions and Systems ''ge 6:00 p.m.- 8:00 p.m. DINNER 8:00 p.m. Informal get-together Saturday, April 29 8:30 a.m.- 9:00 a.m. Announcements 9:00 a.m.- 9:15 a.m. Briefing on day’s program 9:15 a.m.- 9:30 a.m. Introduction—NIMH K. Patrick Okura 9:30 a.m.-10:00 a.m. Presentation—“NIMH and Asian American Communities” Bertram S. Brown, M.D. 10:00 a.m.-11:00 a.m. Question Period and BREAK 11:00 a.m.-12:15 p.m. NIMH Division Directors 12:15 p.m.- 1:30 p.m. LUNCH 1:30 p.m.- 3:00 p.m. Concluding Workshops: A Recruitment and Training of Mental Health Personnel B Direct Services and Asian-American Communities C Specific Research Needs of Asian Americans D_ Grantsmanship E Drug and Alcoholism Programming in Asian-American Communities 300 p.m.- 3:30 p.m. Caucuses and BREAK 3:30 p.m. DELEGATE ASSEMBLY George Igi Conference Planning Group: George Igi, Conference Chairman Linda Wang, Program Chairman Lillian Sing Ed Dela Cruz Ken Murase Bob Kiyete Barry Fong-Torres Mei Tow Lam Tony Ubalde George Nishinaka Frances Lee Reiko True George Woo Pat Okura and many others ''98 APPENDIX D Allocation of Delegates and Travel Budget Plan Based on Population Formula ** Asian Population in the United States (1970 Bureau of Census Data) Asian Mental Health State/ —___— Population Conference City Japanese Chinese Filipino Korean* Samoan* Total® % Delegates % Budget New England Area 7,485 18,113 6,962 — — 32,560 2:14 2 2.56 Massachusetts (Boston) 4,393 14,012 2,361 — — 2 $ 780 Middle Atlantic Area 31,493 97,664 24,462 25,000 — 178,619 11.74 8 10.25 New York (NYC) 20,351 81,378 14,279 15,000 _ 4 1,504 New Jersey (Newark) 5,681 9,233 5,623 5,000 — 2 752 Pennsylvania (Philadelphia) 5,461 7,053 4,560 5,000 — 2 740 East North Central Area 33,002 31,001 22,375 17,000 — 103,378 6.79 4 5.12 Ohio (Cleveland) 5,555 5,305 3,490 a — ii 328 Illinois (Chicago) 17,299 14,474 12,654 15,000 —_— 2 592 Michigan (Detroit) 5,221 6,407 3,657 2,000 ~- i 322 West North Central Area 9,352 8,342 5,449 -—— — 23,143 1.45 1 1,28 Minnesota (Minneapolis) 2,603 2,422 1,456 — —_— iL 266 South Atlantic Area 17,467 19,332 23,914 6,000 — 66,713 4.38 3 3.84 Maryland (Baltimore) 3,733 6,520 5,170 1,000 — 1 360 Virginia (Richmond) 3,500 2,805 7,496 — —_— 1 360 Florida (Miami) 4,090 3,183 5,092 1,000 -— i! 384 East South Central Area 3,795 4,235 2,473 —- os 10,503 0.69 1 1,28 Tennessee (Memphis) 1,160 1,610 846 — — ul 298 West South Central Area 9,655 10,717 5,592 2,000 — 27,964 1.83 2 2.56 Texas (Dallas) 6,537 7,635 3,442 2,000 — 2 524 Mountain Area 20,360 9,245 4,446 5,000 — 39,071 2.56 3 3.84 Colorado (Denver) 7,831 1,489 1,068 1,000 —_— 1 200 Arizona (Phoenix) 2,394 3,878 1,253 4,000 — 1 160 Utah (Salt Lake City) 4,713 1,281 392 _— _ 1 152 Area Budge $780 2,996 1,242 266 1,104 298 524 512 t % ei 4,88 18.77 7.78 1.66 6.91 1.85 3.28 3.20 ''Lg Pacific Area 458,681 236,413 247,367 48,000 48,000 1,038,461 68.30 54 69.23 8,235 51.61 Washington (Seattle) 20,335 9,201 11,462 1,000 — 3 486 Oregon (Portland) 6,843 4,814 1,633 1,000 — 1 146 Hawaii (Honolulu) 217,307 52,039 93,915 8,000 —_— 18 5,328 California (San Francisco) 32,463 83,108 44,056 5,000 — 11 550 (Sacramento) 11,804 10,444 3,442 1,000 — 3 201 (San Jose) 16,691 3,830 3,731 1,000 — 3 204 (San Diego) 7,515 3,259 14,721 1,000 _— 3 324 (Los Angeles) 104,078 40,798 33,459 30,000 —_ 12 996 591,290 435,062 343,060 103,000* 48,000* 1,520,412* 100.00% 78 78 100.00% $15,955 $15,955 100.00% 38.89% 28.61% 22.56% 6.77% 3.15% 100.00% ** Formula based on geographic, ethnic, and gross national population factor. * Estimates. ''APPENDIX E Roster of Delegates To the First National Conference on Asian-American Mental Health Conference Chairman George K. Igi 2555 S. Bundy Drive Los Angeles, Calif. 90064 Phone: Home (213) 477-3397 Work 678-0695 New England Area Edward Tsui 17 Elm Street, +1 Cambridge, Mass. 02139 Phone: Home (617) 491-7114 Work 338-7318 Robert Moy 8 Oxford Place Boston, Mass. 02111 Phone: Home (617) 426-4158 Work 338-7318 Middle Atlantic Area Corky Lee 179 Cherry Street New York, N. Y. 10009 Phone: Home (212) Work Thomas Tam 114 East 1st Street, #12 New York, N. Y. 10009 Phone: Home (212) 982-9723 Work 964-3370 Jan Jung-Miu Sunoo 1165 Moms Park Avenue, Rm. 444 Bronx, N. Y. 10461 Phone: Work (212) 597-1000 Bun Yoshikami 34-23 71st Street Jackson Heights, N. Y. 11372 Phone: Home (212) TW9-7629 Elizabeth Lee 230 - 2nd Avenue New York, N. Y. 10003 Phone: Home (212) 679-6164 227-2171 227-4555 George Yuzewa 167 De Long Avenue Dumont, N. J. 07628 Phone: Home (201) 324-4704 Robert Lee 13 Forrest Avenue West Orange, N. J. 07052 Phone: Home (212) 227-2171 Rev. John C. S. Ling 225 N. - 10th Street Philadelphia, Pa. 19107 Phone: Home (215) MA7-2360 Work MA7-2360 Mrs. Luzviminda G. Parco 2644 N. Fairhill Street Philadelphia, Pa. 19133 Phone: Home (215) 427-3048 Work L08-3833 East North Central Area David N. Hing 426 E. Kingsley, #2 Ann Arbor, Mich. 48104 Phone: Home (313) 732-7170 Toaru Ishiyama, Ph.D. 7703 Howard Street Cleveland, Ohio 44134 Phone: Home (216) 842-2068 Work VU3-5100 Yoji Ozaki 4954 N. Monticello Chicago, Ill. 60625 Phone: Home (312) CO7-6312 Work 793-3777 38 ''Carmen Verduzco 3001 South King Drive Apt. 1706 Chicago, Ill. 60612 Phone: Home (312) 326-2999 West North Central Area Barbara Hirota 3000 Ewing Avenue North Robbinsdale, Minn, 55422 Phone: Home (612) 588-4154 South Atlantic Area David Ushio 2021 L. Street, N. W., Suite #530 Washington, D. C. 20036 Dr. William Y. Chen Everett Gum Rm. 810 Universal Bldg. North 7406 S. W. 52nd Court 1875 Connecticut Avenue, N. W. Miami, Fla. 33148 Washington, D. C. 20009 Phone: Home (305) 661-5474 Phone: Home (202) 629-3510 Work 629-3083 Patti Hays Tom Owan, ACSW 11203 Monticello Avenue 3834 Mt. Olney Lane Silver Spring, Md. 20902 Olney, Md. 20882 Phone: Home (801) 649-1756 Phone: Home (301) 629-3510 Work 454-2819 Work 774-4272 East South Central Area Jay Matsuoka 2609 Natchez Trace Nashville, Tenn. 37210 Phone: Home (615) 292-6840 West South Central Area Mrs. Leslie Taniguchi Rev. Philip B. Del Rosario 2818 Wooldridge Drive 3819 Cortez Austin, Texas 78703 Dallas, Texas 75220 Phone: Home (512) 472-4788 Phone: Home (214) 357-5273 Work 522-1590 Mountain Area Ronald M. Aramaki Hatsuye Miyauchi 310 Carole Circle 8116 N- 45th Avenue Salt Lake City, Utah 84115 Glendale, Ariz. 85234 Phone: Home (801) 467-3048 Phone: Home (602) 939-0117 Marlene Yamada 1424 - 19th Street Boulder, Colo. 80302 Phone: Home (808) 447-8846 Work 443-2211 X8461 Pacific Area Larry Koseki 45-718 Kalemalo Place Kaneohe, Hawaii 90822 Phone: Home (808) 247-1385 Work 944-7335 39 ''Faitau F. Tago 546 F. North Kuku Street Honolulu, Hawaii 96817 Phone: Home (808) 845-4475 Work 845-3284 Francis N. Kauhane, Jr. P.O, Box 102 Waimanalo, Hawaii 96795 Phone: Work (808) 847-1302 Gordon Lee 121 N. Pauahi Street. Honolulu, Hawaii 96817 Phone: Home (808) 373-8471 Work 537-9122 Gwendolyn E. Kim S09 N. Vineyard Blvd., =E-4 Honolulu. Hawaii Phone: Home (808) 847-8662 Stanley S. Inkyo 95-390 Hokukea Ct., +244 Milikeni Town, H. I. 95789 Phone: Home (808) 623-4401 Work 531-4686 Lori Hayashi 47-536 Kam Hwy. Kaneohe, Hawaii 96744 Phone: Home (808) 2389-8835 Work 239-8836 Aloma Adolpho Star Route 2025 Kaneohe, Hawaii 96744 Phone: Home (808) 239-8589 Work 239-9294 Thomas N. Ebanez 422-D Wahoo Avenue Aiea, Hawaii 96701 Phone: Home (808) 488-4588 Ann Nakandakari 721 Aldir Street Honolulu, Hawaii 96814 Phone: Home (808) 536-5582 Harold Honda 3248 Garnet Street Los Angeles, Calif. 90023 Phone: Home (218) 262-7709 Carol T. Hatanaka 125 Weller Street, $305 Los Angeles, Calif. 90012 Phone: Home (213) 755-5121 Work 689-4413 Alvin M. Jitchaku 440 W. Kawailani Street Hilo, Hawaii 96720 Phone: Home (808) 959-9887 Work 935-1338 George Sugai 640 Kaumana Drive Hilo, Hawaii 96720 Phone: Home (808) 985-2317 Paul Matsunaga P, O. Box 212 Hanapepe, Hawaii 96716 Phone: Home (808) 385-3310 Work 245-1333 Fred Soriano 41-1665 Humuka PI. Hawaii Phone: Home (808) 259-7884 Work 847-1807 Danny Li 1124 - 10th Avenue Honolulu, Hawaii 96810 Phone: Home (808) 734-7062 Work 944-8439 Romel Dela Cruz 647 Laumaka Street Honolulu, Hawaii 96819 Phone: Home (808) 845-1441 Work 537-6141 Ms. Paige Barber 427 C Manono Street Kailua, Hawaii 96734 Phone: Home (808) 262-2522 Work 521-1846 Virgilio M. Felipe 821 Pomahina Place Kailua. Hawaii 9673 Phone: Home (808) 262-8597 Work 944-7356 Pat Lee 540 N. Madison, #1 Los Angeles, Calif. 90004 Phone: Home (218) 661-6379 Work 680-0876 Jose Baldivino 3029 W. - 7th Street Los Angeles, Calif. 90005 Phone: Home (218) 488-9100 Loy F. Teo 334 Colin Avenue Compton, Calif. 90220 Phone: Work (213) 834-6404 40 ''Rev. Kogi Sayama 125 Weller Street, Rm. 202 Los Angeles, Calif. 90012 Phone: Home (2138) 473-7549 Work 689-4413 Simi Potasi 404 E. Carson Street Carson, Calif. 90745 Phone: Work (213) 834-6403 Mrs. Lily Lee Chen, ACSW 179 Barranca Drive Monterey Park, Calif. 91754 Phone: Home (213) 281-6966 Work 268-8281 X234 Duck Soo Hahn 293 S. El Molino Avenue, #1 Pasadena, Calif. 91106 Phone: Home (2138) 792-1061 Teresita C. Bautista 3527 Harrison Oakland, Calif. 94611 Phone: Home (415) 655-5664 Work 451-2846 Sam Yuen 232 Randall Street San Francisco, Calif. Phone: Home (415) VA4-0309 Work 982-9171 Warren Mau 546 Vallejo Street San Francisco, Calif. 94133 Phone: Home (415) 421-9217 Sid Gloria 1275 - 25th Avenue San Francisco, Calif. 94122 Phone: Home (415) 564-5943 Work 398-5040 Reiko True 5326 Silva El Cerrito, Calif. 94530 Phone: Home (213) 233-2082/465-3414 Work Ben Lagasca 492 8. 10th Street San Jose, Calif. 95112 Phone: Home (408) John F. Lee 1275 Silver Ridge Way Sacramento, Calif. 95831 Phone: Home (916) 422-8846 Work 444-7535 451-2846 (11EB) 41 Ben Kawaguchi 330 E. Live Oak Avenue Arcadia, Calif. 91006 Phone: Home (218) 967-1694 Work 445-4350 Alan Constantino 13808 Casimir Avenue Gardena, Calif. 90247 Phone: Home (218) 321-8642 Linda Wang 1548 Stockton Street San Francisco, Calif. 94133 Phone: Home (415) 771-6434 Work 398-0981 Jovina D. Navarro 1386 - 6th Avenue San Francisco, Calif. 94118 Phone: Home (415) 661-5484 Work 557-1817 Mei-Laan Jue 3 Neva Ct. Oakland, Calif. 94611 Phone: Home (415) 547-0106 Work 441-9899 Marian Tinloy 13087 Brookpark Road Oakland, Calif. 94619 Phone: (415) 531-9554 Robert Kiyota 229 - 17th Avenue San Francisco, Calif. 94121 Phone: Home (415) 752-0450 Work 929-7567 Caryl Nakamura 1313 Maria Way San Jose, Calif. 95117 Phone: Home (408) _ Victor Jang 612 N. - 3rd Street, #7 San Jose, Calif. 95112 Nancy M. Lee 1105 “W” Street Sacramento, Calif. 95818 Phone: Home (916) 446-3547 Work 454-5129 Carl Yamamoto 36 Oaklawn Avenue Chula Vista, Calif. 92010 Phone: Home (714) 426-9425 ''Earl Shiroi 2726 V. Street, #A Sacramento, Calif. 95818 Phone: Home (916) 456-9337 Work 454-2220 Talafili Felie Fala 2943 - 26th Street San Francisco, Calif. 94131 Phone: (415) 647-7564 Leighton Y. Huey, M.D. 168 Sea Orbit Lane Del Mar, Calif. 92014 Phone: Home (714) 755-7989 Work 291-3330 X1405 Gil Hirabayashi 3026 - 64th S. W., #F Seattle, Washington 98116 Phone: Home (206) WE5-2817 Work MU2-3050 X631 Sister Heidi Parreno 903 - 14th Avenue Seattle, Washington 98122 Phone: (206) EA4-6453 Grace Pena Blaezkowski 5102 Central Avenue Bonita, Calif. 92002 Phone: (714) 479-2027 Khim Hung John Loo % Sue Tomita Community Mental Health Center 925 Terrace Street Seattle, Wash. 98104 Dr. Martha Ozawa 668 McVey Avenue, #15 Lake Oswego, Oregon 79034 Phone: Home (503) 636-9526 Work 229-4712 David Lee 4616 St. Charles Place, #4 Los Angeles, Calif. 90019 Phone: Home (213) 938-8961 Work 731-8861 42 ''APPENDIX F Roster of Conference Participants Stan Abe 1916 Pine St. #1 San Francisco, California Joseph D. Abella 1215 So. Flower St. Los Angeles, California 90015 Harriet Acena 725 Howe Ave. Sacramento, California 95825 Aloma Adolpho Star Route 2025 Kaneohe, Hawaii 96744 George Araki 2679 Sean Ct. San Francisco, California Theresa Akaki 2251 Loma Vista Dr. #12 Sacramento, California 95825 Loreta Almazol Pete 311 Minna Street #206 San Francisco, California Cora Sta Awa 2424 Fraihale #2 Oakland, California Severino S. Antates 821 Chenery Street San Francisco, California Nancy Apaki 2679 Sean Ct. So. San Francisco, California Ronal Aramaki 310 Carole Circle Salt Lake City, Utah 84115 Lynn Arimoto 1724 Westgate Ave. #1 Los Angeles, California 90025 Rumiko Arokawa 1366 East 31st Street Oakland, California 94602 Paul Ragnas San Diego State College San Diego, California 92115 Jose B. Balvivino 3029 W - 7th Street Los Angeles, California 90005 Paige Kawelo Barber 427 - C Manono Street Kailua, Hawaii 96734 Alice Barkley 1512 Pacific San Francisco, California Lillian Barton 1815 Woodhaven Way Oakland, California 94611 Norman Barton 1815 Woodhaven Way Oakland, California 94611 Jenny Baton Alaque 829 So. Alvarado San Francisco, California Portia Bautista c/o Catholic Social Service of San Francisco 2255 Hays Street San Francisco, California 94117 Teresita Bautista 3527 Harrison #3 Oakland, California 94611 Marion Bernardo 4370 Army Street San Francisco, California Toyo Biddle 3819 Jenifer Street NW Washington, D.C. 20015 Grace Pena Blaezkowski 5102 Central Avenue Bonita, California 92002 Butler, Z. P.A.C,T. 635 Diviserdero Street San Francisco, California Lonny Buyagowan c/o 1225 E. Spruce Seattle, Washington Amy Calimpas 365 W. 7th Stockton, California 93206 Kareu Ishizuka Capp 3260 - 53rd Street San Francisco, California Gus Carion International Institute of S.F. 2209 Van Ness Avenue San Francisco, California Sam Castillo 1646 Elle Street San Francisco, California Adrienne 8S. Cedro 43 J. S. Boyle Ave. Oakland, California Audrey Chan 1370 California #311 San Francisco, California 43 ''Connie Chan 562 A Filbert Street Apt. 6 San Francisco, California 94133 Diana Chan 1042 Grant Avenue Rm. 402 San Francisco, California Diana Ming Chan Cameron House 920 Sacramento Street San Francisco, California 94108 Donald Chan 2172 Blake #3 c/o Perk San Francisco, California Gerald J. Chan 620 Central Ave. Bldg. 6, 2d FI. Alameda, California 94501 Jeffery Chan 111 Forrest Avenue Fairfax, Virginia John Chan 375 Woodside Avenue San Francisco, California Maxine Chan 3533 So. Kenyon Los Angeles, California Alice Chang 3415 - 38th Ave. San Francisco, California Carol T. Chang 129 Ormond Street Mattapan, Massachusetts 02126 Clara Chao 4539 Lobos Ave. San Jose, California Christina Chen 652 - 7th Ave. San Jose, California Larry L. Chen 9743 W. Pico Blvd., Apt. D Los Angeles, California 90035 Lily Lee Chen 179 Barranca Drive Monterey Park, California 91754 William Y. Chen, M.D. 1875 Connecticut Avenue N.W. Room 810 Washington, D.C. 20009 Albert Cheng 185 Van Ness San Francisco, California Anne Cheng International Institute of S.F. 2209 Van Ness San Francisco, California 94109 Anne K. Chew 1576 Everview Rd. San Diego, California 92110 Laureen Chew 12 Waverly San Francisco, California Pauline Chew 257 - 8th Street San Francisco, California Sidney Chew 714 P Street Sacramento, California Alan Chin 1447 Washington Street #3 San Francisco, California Alitair Chia 2471 - 26th Ave. San Francisco, California 94116 Bess Chin 1332 Shattuck 9 Berkeley, California Constance Chin 47 Bannam Place #3 San Francisco, California Constance Chin Youth Service Center 250 Columbus Ave. San Francisco, California 94133 Ellen Chin 2801 La Quinta Dr., Apt. M San Francisco, California Frank Chin 332 Union San Francisco, California 94133 Gordon Chin 1474 Washington #3 San Francisco, California James Chin 458 Ridgewood Ave. New York, New York Jane Chin 1310 Pacific Ave. San Francisco, California Lonnie Chin 1449 Hyde Street, Apt. 5 San Francisco, California Phil Chin 641 Balboa San Francisco, California Pete Chinn 231 A Encinitas Hall Cal. Poly State College Pomona, California 91768 44 ''Jennie Ching ‘ c/o S.F. General Hospital Ward 52 22nd & Potrero Avenue San Francisco, California May Choi 1722 Grant Avenue San Francisco, California S. Choi 726 - 11th Avenue San Francisco, California Martin Chony 1526 Pacific Avenue San Francisco, California Theresa Chow 2203 Jones Street San Francisco, California Terry Chow 826 E. Pacific Avenue San Francisco, California Buddy Choy 920 Sacramento Street San Francisco, California Karen Chrimori 21319 Garston Albert A. Chu 743 Commercial Street #4 San Francisco. California Edmund Chu 35 Tower Rd. San Mateo, California 94402 Eugene Chu, Jr. 63 Wood Street San Francisco, California Pamela Chu 3764 Sacramento Street San Francisco, California Clara Chun 569 Oak Park San Francisco, California Marie Chung 870 Fiqueroo Terr #2 Los Angeles, California 90012 Paul Chung M.J. 3-Old Chinatown Lane San Francisco, California Doris Codog 544 W. 4th Street Stockton, California 95206 June Cogbill 650 West Gardena Blvd. #19 Gardena, California 90247 Irene Collier 1366 - 10th Avenue San Francisco, California Alan Constantino 13809 Casimir Avenue Gardena, California 90247 James Constantino 13809 Casimir Avenue Gardena, California Sister Mary Cristobal P. O. Box 40618 San Francisco, California Ed De La Cruz San Francisco State College 1600 Holloway Avenue San Francisco, California Romel Dela Cruz 647 Laumaka Street Honolulu, Hawaii 96819 Tony M. Cruz 1441 Paraiso Ct. National City, California 92050 Laura Date 2423 Blake Street Berkeley, California 94704 Pio De Cano 2722 Eastlake E. Seattle, Washington 98103 Doreen Der 957 Filbert San Francisco, California Shirley Dere 2841 Gough Street San Francisco, California Mapako Dolan 2009 - 23rd Street Sacramento, California Eileen Dong HEW - OCR 760 Market San Francisco, California Jim Dong 579 Park Street San Francisco, California Roaeaed Dong 3631 - 21st Street San Francisco, California Milton Wittuiay Rockville, Maryland 20852 Thomas I. Ebanez 422 - D Wahoo Avenue Aiea, Hawaii 96701 Terrio Echauez 1215 So. Flower Street Los Angeles, California Bruce K. Eejima 128 Bixby Street, Apt. 4 Santa Cruz, California 95060 45 ''Alice Eng 65 Dellbrook San Francisco, California Lisa Eng 1634 Hyde Street San Francisco, California Gunde Erik O 2315 Parker #16 Berkeley, California Rod Estrada 1428 S. Norton Avenue Los Angeles, California 90019 Talafili Felie Fala 2943 - 26th Street San Francisco, California 94131 Mary Okazak Fertia 663 - 42nd Ave. San Francisco, California 94121 Joyce Miyomoto Faber 401 4th SE. #6 Minneapolis, Minn. Virgilio M. Felipe 821 Pomahina Pl. Kailua, Hawaii 96734 David Fong 561 Spruce Street Berkeley, California Lincoln Fong 4447 Lincoln Way San Francisco, California Mathew Fong NEMS, 615 Grant Avenue San Francisco, California Nancy Fong 561 Spruce Street Berkeley, California Patricia Fong 6007 Arlington Blvd. Richmond, California Paul Fong c/o YCS 250 Columbus Avenue San Francisco, California Min Betty J. Foo 1548 Stockton San Francisco, California Lora Foo 2174 California Street #14 San Francisco, California 94115 Sharon Fujii 112% Prospect Street Waltham, Massachusetts 02154 Chris K. Fujimoto °50 Francisco Street #17 in Francisco, California Trene Fujimoto 1916 Pine #1 San Francisco, California Jean E. Fujise 2430 Grove Street Berkeley, California 94704 Coleen Fujimoto 3801 California Street Santa Cruz, California Nobusuke Fukuda 170 - 22nd Avenue San Francisco, California 94121 Dennis Fukumoto Asian American Studies University of Southern California Donna Fung 180 So. 15th #1 San Francisco, California Richard Furukawa 8715 Hillcrest Dr. Oakland, California Herbert K. Furutani 15814 D Halldale Ave. Los Angeles, California Glenn Gan 846 Kearny Street San Francisco, California Calvin C. Gee 714 -17th Avenue San Francisco, California Frances Gee 795 Pacific Ave. #423 San Francisco, California Joyce Gee 70 S. 8th #5 San Jose, California Setsu Gee 4339 California Street San Francisco, California Mignon Geli 1195 Bush Street San Francisco, California Harry G. Gin 606 Webster Street Oakland, California Sid Gloria 1275 - 25th Avenue San Francisco, California 94122 Helene Gould 874 Pacific Avenue San Francisco, California Betty Lim Guimaraes 550 Montgomery Street 10th Floor San Francisco, California 46 ''Everett Gum 7406 S.W. 52nd Ct. Miami, Florida 33143 Gregory Gunn 2006 Larkin San Francisco, California Harriet Haber 965 Clay Street San Francisco, California Duck Soo Hahn 293 S. El Mialino Ave. Pasadena, California Vera Haile 3 Old Chinatown Lane San Francisco, California Merilynne Hamano 3460 Ben Lomond PI. Los Angeles, California 90027 Joan Hamasu 132 Marview Way San Francisco, California 94131 Gayle Hane Ida Sproul Hall Jennie Hansen c/o North East Medical Service 615 Grant Ave. San Francisco, California 94108 Taiko Hara 572 - 12th Ave. San Francisco, California Margaret S. Harada P.O. Box 93805 Mills College Oakland, California Michiko Harada 801 - 2t8h Ave. #2 San Francisco, California Carol T. Hatanaka 125 Weller Street, #305 Los Angeles, California 90012 Joanne Hayashi 514 A Mary Ward Hall 800 Font Blvd. San Francisco, California Lori Hayashi 471536 Kam Hwy. Kaneohe, Hawaii 96744 Sue Hayashi 440 - 4th Ave. San Francisco, California Carol Hayashino 507A Mary Ward Hall 800 Font Blvd. San Francisco, California Candace S. Hayes Box 648 San Dorn Hall Pitzar College Claremont, California Patricia Hays 11203 Monticello Ave. Silver Spring, Maryland 20902 Barb Hedani 1707 Oxford Street Berkeley, California Joulyn V. Heaga 7365 Emily Lane #21 Downey, California Dean Hedani 775 - 34th Avenue San Francisco, California Dr. Wilfred H. Higashi Utah Division of Mental Health Salt Lake City, Utah David N. Hing 426 E. Kingsley #2 Ann Arbor, Michigan Gil Hirabayashi 3026 - 64th S.W. #F Seattle, Washington 98116 Roy Hirabayashi 576 North 1st Street #2 San Francisco, California James Hirabayashi 3377 Market Street San Francisco, California Glen Susumu Hiranuma 1309 W. 168th St. #B Los Angeles, California Steve Hiromoto Rt. 1, Box 221 Clarksburg, California Joan Hirose 1275 University Sacramento, California Barbara Hirota 38000 Ewing Avenue North Robbinsdale, Minn. Cynthia Ho 545 So. 7th #6 San Jose, California 95112 Evelyn Ho 1758 Wolfe Drive San Mateo, California 94402 Lolan Ho 467 Filbert San Francisco, California Art Hom 2851 - 38th Avenue Oakland, California 47 ''Edna Hom 2851 - 38th Ave. #C San Francisco, California Harold Honda, Rev. Kogi 125 Weller Street #305 Los Angeles, California 90012 Isao Horiye 6074 Skyline Dr. San Diego, California 92114 Tamu Horn 1607 McAllister Street San Francisco, California Victor Hsi 2511 Dana Street #3 Berkeley, California Agnes Hsu 1487 - 48rd Ave. San Francisco, California Lydia Hsu c/o North East Medical Service 615 Grant Avenue San Francisco, California 94108 Nancy Hsu 1400 Washington Street San Francisco, California 94109 Weichen Hsu 399 - 5th Street San Jose, California Polly Hu 874 Pacific Avenue San Francisco, California Ret Huahn 297 Lee St. Oakland, California Katherine Huang 765 College Street Los Angeles, California Peggy Huang c/o North East Medical Services 615 Grant Avenue San Francisco, California 94108 Amy Huey 250 Columbus Avenue #207 San Francisco, California 94133 Leighton Huey 168 Sea Orbit Lane Del Mar, California 92014 Roland Hui 2131 Fillmore San Francisco, California Isabel Huie 550 Montgomery Street 10th Floor San Francisco, California Yuki Ichi The Asahi Shimbun Tokyo, Japan c/o The Olympic Hotel George Igi 2855 S. Bundy Drive Los Angeles, California 90064 Koren Ihara 840 Erie Street #3 Oakland, California June Ikemoto 2378 - 35th Avenue San Francisco, California Edward Ilumin 649 Caerrero San Francisco, California Michael K. C. Ing 1259 - 19th Ave. #1 San Francisco, California Ishihara, Stanford 50 Grattan Street San Francisco, California John Ishii Cathedral Towers Stanley S. Inkyo 95 - 390 Hokukea Ct. #244 Mililani Town, Hawaii 96789 Toaru Ishiyama 7703 Howard Street Cleveland, Ohio 44134 Wesley Ishikawa San Diego State College San Diego, California Robert Ito 6360 Sullivan Avenue San Diego, California Sheila L. Ja 1840 A Fell Street San Francisco, California Celine Jacinltre 795 Pine Street #44 San Francisco, California Michael Jang 4339 California San Francisco, California Victor Jang 612 N. 8rd St. #7 San Jose, California Dennis Jeong 614 Pine Street San Francisco, California Dickey Jeong c/o YSC 250 Columbus Avenue San Francisco, California 48 ''Jade F. Jew 1315 Jackson Street #2 San Francisco, California Alvi Im. Jitchaku 440 W. Kawailani Street Hilo, Hawaii 96720 Bertha Joung 1261 - 8th Avenue #102 San Francisco, California Mei Laa Jue 3 Neva Ct. San Francisco, California Thomas Jue 1042 Grant Avenue #402 San Francisco, California Eleanor Jung 3526 Mentone #8 Los Angeles, California 90034 Mabel W. Jung 550 S. 10th Street #10 San Jose, California 95112 Morshall Jung 2-138 Bloomfield Avenue Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Chizuko Kakiuchi 431 Arquello Blvd. #1 San Francisco, California Lawrence K. Kamakawiwoole 2038 Makanani Drive Manoa, Hawaii Patti Kamoto 333 First Street #D211 Seal Beach, California Robert T. Kaneko 1539 Acton Street Berkeley, California Deanna Kantaki 350 Columbus San Francisco, California May Garcia Kaplan 2451 Corinth Avenue Apt. 3 Los Angeles, California 90064 Gail Katgni 933 Kains #2 Albany, California 94706 Gail Katigiri 933 Kains #2 Albany, California 94706 Judy Katz 3000 Spout Run Pkwy. Arlington, Virginia 22201 Francis N. Kauhane, Jr. P. O. Box 102 Waimanalo, Hawaii 96795 Ben Kawaguchi 330 E. Live Oak Avenue Arcadia, California 91006 Carl Kawatr 5686 Oak Grove Avenue San Francisco, California Gwendolyn E. Kim 809 N. Vineyard Blvd. #E-4 Honolulu, Hawaii Tom Kim c/o YSC 250 Columbus Avenue San Francisco, California 94133 Susan Kishi 1191 Glen Avenue Berkeley, California 94708 James A. Kissko 5500 Friendship Blvd. Bethesda, Maryland 20015 Harry Kitano UCLA 405 Hilgrd WLA Los Angeles, California Kitagaic 11300 Claredon Crescent Bob Kitota 229 - 17th Ave. San Francisco, California 94121 Robert Kiyota 229 - 17th Avenue San Francisco, California 94121 Ron Kobata 175 Wood Street San Francisco, California 94118 Chris J. Kobayashi 2126 Steiner #2 San Francisco, Calitornia Carrie Kojimoto 1816 - 9th Avenue San Francisco, California Kathy Kojimoto 1816 - 9th Ave. San Francisco, California Saoame Kojimoto 1816 - 9th Ave. San Francisco, California Hirdshi Ko Do Edd 3466 Yosemite Ave. #E El Cerrito, California 94530 Atea Koon 665 - 29th Avenue San Francisco, California Michio Kosama 56 Shrader Street San Francisco, California 94117 49 ''Larry Koseki 45 - 718 Kalamalo Place Kaneohe, Hawaii 90822 Ruth Ann Kulose 2525 Bracin Ave. 80 Seattle, Washington Hisa Kumagai 81 College Park, Dans Davis, California Linoy F. Kumagoi Univ. Calif. Davis School of Med. Davis, California Spencer Kuroiwa 631 Head Street San Francisco, California 94132 Hugo Kuvose 3111 E. Warel Danny Kwani 438 Carroll Canal Dorothy Kwan 712 - 26th Avenue San Francisco, California Lenora Kwan 453 - 31st Avenue #10 San Francisco, California Lila Kwan 2203 Jones San Francisco, California Marion Kwan 957 Filbert Street San Francisco, California Peter H. Kwon 1517 - 4th Avenue Los Angeles, California 90019 Ben Lagasco 492 S. 10th Street San Jose, California 95112 Christy Chu Lai 3768 Harrison Street #105 Oakland, California Mei Tow Lam 196 Caldecott Lane #310 Oakland, California Hung Sing Lam 1520 Leavenworth #4 San Francisco, California Pat Lee 540 N. Madison, #1 Los Angeles, California 90004 Sammy Lam 679 - 2nd Avenue San Francisco, California Annette Johonsen Lau 4153% Adams San Diego, California 92116 Elizabeth Lau 1548 Stockton Street San Francisco, California Jonathan Lau 799 Pacific Avenue San Francisco, California 94133 Agnes Lee 435 Blake Street Menlo Park, California Benson C. Lee 870 - 49th Street San Francisco, California 94609 Beverly Lee 4012 Ingreham #C San Francisco, California Corky Lee 179 Cherry Street New York, N.Y. 10009 Dan Lee 1777 Oxford Berkeley, California David Lee 4616 Street, Charles Pl. #4 Los Angeles, California 90019 David Lee 3 Old Chinatown Lane San Francisco, California Dennis Lee 250 Columbus Avenue San Francisco, Calif. 94133 Elizabeth Lee 230 - 2nd Avenue, #3A New York, N.Y. 10006 Frances Lee 1042 Grant Avenue, Rm. 402 San Francisco, California Gordon Lee 121 N. Pauahi Street Honolulu, Hawaii 96817 Herbert Lee 401 Bay Street #108 San Francisco, California John Lee 1505 T Street #1 Sacramento, California John F. Lee 1275 Silver Ridge Way Sacramento, California 95831 Lin Mei Lee 900 Jackson Street #3 San Francisco, California Lucinda Lee 1057 Montgomery San Francisco, California 50 ''Mavel Lee 1720 Washington San Francisco, California May Lee 250 Columbus Avenue #203 San Francisco, California 94133 Milton Lee 946 Jones #2 San Francisco, California Nancy M. Lee 1105 “W” Street Sacramento, California 95818 Raymond Lee 900 Jackson, Apt. 3 San Francisco, California Robert Lee 13 Forrest Avenue West Orange, New Jersey 07052 Terry Lee 2452 Polk San Francisco, California Tuey Lee 4216 S. Grand Avenue Los Angeles, California Wan Ho Chao Lee 574 - 48th Avenue San Francisco, California Anna Leong 263 - 10th Avenue San Francisco, California Ching Leong 53 Guerrero Street San Francisco, California Cynthia Leong 13165 Clarrepointe Way Oakland, California Dawson Leong YSC 250 Columbus Avenue San Francisco, California 94133 Emily Leong 195 Naples Street San Francisco, California Helen Leong 1259 - 19th Avenue #1 San Francisco, California Isabel Leong 114 Cervantes Blvd. San Francisco, California Lena Way Leong 2125 Larkin San Francisco, California Tony Leong 1700 Spruce Street #2 Berkeley, California 94709 Yuvonne Leong 615 Grant Avenue San Francisco, California Emily Leung 875 Carl Street #6 San Francisco, California 94117 Virginia Leung 615 Grant Avenue San Francisco, California Dianna Lew c/o YSC 250 Columbus Avenue San Francisco, California Eva R. Lew 1237 Lawrence Street E.C. Ginger Lew 2610 Regents Berkeley, California Helene Lew 1668 Washington Street San Francisco, California Danny Li 1124 - 10th Avenue Honolulu, Hawaii 96810 Miranda Li 12 Waverly Place San Francisco, California Peggy Li 10944 Strathmore #403 Los Angeles, California 90024 Paul Lee Liem 804 S. Ardmore Avenue Los Angeles, California 90020 Ramsay Liem 12 Park Street Brookline, Mass. Bob Liorente 112 Ripley #1 San Francisco, California Frank Lim 456 - 4th Avenue San Francisco, California Lucy Lin 522 - 48th Avenue San Francisco, California John Ling 225 N. 10th Street Philadelphia, Pa. 19107 Ma Korbin Liu 10 Wendell Street Cambridge, Mass. Min F. Lo 2865B - 58th Sacrameto, California 51 ''Dennis Loo 330 Ellis Street San Francisco, California 94102 Lucinda Loe 1057 Montgomery Street San Francisco, California Katherine Louie 1122 Kelly Avenue Berkeley, California Khim Hung John Loo c/o Sue Tomita Community Mental Health Center 925 Terrace Street Seattle, Washington 98104 Leslie Loo 1153 Jackson Street San Francisco, California Belser Louie 1259 - 19th Avenue 1 San Francisco, California Theresa Louie 136 Midcrest Way San Francisco, California 94131 Virginia Louie 399 South 12th, #3 San Jose, California Eugene A. Louis 827 Amber Drive San Francisco, California 94131 Joyce Low 18 S. Idaho San Mateo, California Tom Low 18 S. Idaho San Mateo, California Tom Low 1349 Clayton #21 San Francisco, California Victor Low 2 Paloma Drive Corte Madera, California 94925 Peter Luh 930 - 24th Street San Diego, California 92102 Christine Lum 501 Grove Street #9 San Francisco, California John Lum 1530 O’Farrell Street #3 San Francisco, California Kendin Lum 61 Prospect Street San Francisco, California Levrence G. Lum 1403 Willard Street San Francisco, California Rodger Lum 2540 College Avenue #210 San Francisco, California Walter Mah 544 E. Jefferson San Francisco, California Kaz Maniwa 1709 Hoplins Street Berkeley, California Daisy M. Mann 605 - 16 Avenue San Francisco, California 94118 Shirley Mar 546 Vallejo Street San Francisco, California Warren Mar 546 Vallejo Street San Francisco, California Linda Li Mark Cal State Dept. of Anthropology Hayward, California 94542 Dr. J. Allen Marshall 765 College Street Los Angeles, California 90012 Robert A. Marshall 2201 Sutter Street San Francisco, California Charlotte Saito Martin 141 Hart Avenue Santa Monica, California Paul Matsunaga Box 212 Hanapepe, Hawaii Jitsuichi Matsuoka 2609 Natchez Trace Nashville, Tennessee Asao Masumikya 2450 Claremont Avenue Oakland, California Jitsuichi Masuoka 2609 Natchez Trace Nashville, Tennessee Keiko Matsunaga 445 A Irving Street San Francisco, California 94122 Dennis Matsui 8 Brooks Avenue, #31 Venice, California Warren Mau 546 Vallejo Street San Francisco, California 94133 52 ''Alfred Mendoza 621 S. Virgil Avenue Los Angeles, California 90005 Benny B. Menor 279 Matadero Palo Alto, California Patt Minamishin 1970 Hopluns Berkeley, California Robert Minura 12536 Pacific Avenue #8 Los Angeles, California Geri Mitsunaga 3016 S. Normandie Avenue Los Angeles, California Joanne H. Miyata 611 N. Hobart Blvd. #9 Los Angeles, California Hatsuye Miyauchi 8116-N-45th Avenue Glendale, Arizona Yuri Payton Miyazaki 15121% Spruce Street San Francisco, California Berti Mo 467 Filbert San Francisco, California Dixie Moe 204 Stern Hill University of California Berkeley, California 94720 Jeff Moni 655 - 21st Avenue San Francisco, California Judy A. Moore 357 E. San Fernando Street, #1 San Jose, California Tom Morioka 422 Village Drive El Cerrito, California Robert Moy 8 Oxford Place Boston, Massachusetts 02111 Norman Moy 485 W. Boyle Avenue Los Angeles, California 90033 Yasuko Murakawa 5708 Telegraph Avenue Oakland, California Kenji Murase 683 - 12th Avenue San Francisco, California 94118 Gladys Maetani 23819 Livewood Lane Horba City, California 90770 Chris Nakama 2033 Makila Street Honolulu, Hawaii 96822 Ann Nakandakari 721 Aldir Street Honolulu, Hawaii 96814 Patricia Nakahara 1989 Cherry Avenue San Jose, California Caryl Nakamura 1313 Maria Way San Jose, California 95117 Kazumi Nakawatase 1601 Gardena Blvd. Gardena, California Wayne Nakayawa 629 - 33rd Avenue #6 San Francisco, California Nancy Nakaji 1537 Brockton, #8 Los Angeles, California 90025 Patricia Nakano 1440 N Street, N.W. #301 Phil Nakamura 1062 Sutter, #16 San Francisco, California Elena Navarro 1648 Natalie Avenue Santa Clara, California Jovina Navarro 1368 - 6th Avenue San Francisco, California 94118 Chester Ng 12 Waverly Place San Francisco, California Deanna Ng 265 Rivoli, #4 San Francisco, California Merianne Niedo 1 Greenwood Ct. Tiburon, California Karl K. Nobuyki 1700 W. 162nd, Rm. 111 Dardena, California 90504 Marie Ochi 601 South Idaho Boise, Idaho Aiko Oda 395 - 25th Avenue San Francisco, California Ben T. Okada 769 Pacheco Street San Francisco, California 53 ''Amy M. Okamnka 307 Nautilus La Jolla, California 92037 Marian T. Okamura 442 - 4th Avenue San Francisco, California 94118 Michi Onuma 22156 Bush Street San Francisco, California Valerie Otani 2217 McGee Berkeley, California 94703 Ray Otake 2523 Ridge Rd. #320 Berkeley, California Glenn Onizuka 2912 Canterbury Dr. Richmond, California Berdi Oshidan 2150 Channing #37 Berkeley, California 94707 Tom Owan 3834 Mt. Olney Lane Olney, Maryland 20832 Edwin Owyang 615 Grant Avenue San Francisco, California Walter Owang 1365 Altschul Avenue Menlo Park, California Virginia Owyang 1365 Altschul Avenue Menlo Park, California Yoji Ozaki 4954 North Monticello Chicago, Illinois Martha N. Ozawa 668 McVey Avenue, #15 Lake Oswego, Oregon 97034 Sandy Ouye 3122 Sacramento, Apt. 5 San Francisco, California Donna Osugi 550 So. 6th, #8 San Jose, California Shinya Ono 765 College Street Los Angeles, California 90012 Connie Y. Oto 578 Weldo Avenue Oakland, California Luzviminda Parco 2644 N. Fairhill Street Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19133 Sister Heidi Parreno 903 - 14th Avenue Seattle, Washington 98122 Jon Pon 641 Balboa San Francisco, California Truddy Pon 799 Pacific Avenue San Francisco, California Poni Wing Y. 1040 W. Iowa Street Iowa Loreen Poon 550 So. 6th Street, Apt. 10 San Jose, California Barry Fong Porres c/o Chinese Youth Center 250 Columbus Avenue San Francisco, California 94133 Potasi 22728 Catskic Simi Potasi 404 E. Carson Street Carson, California 90745 Russell Pow 1778 Albert Avenue San Jose, California Timothy Du Pre 1607 McAllister Street San Francisco, California James Pun 1051 Taylor Street San Francisco, California Robert Quon 1720 Washington Street San Francisco, California Albert R. Reyes 21772 Vallejo Hayward, California Katherine Reyes 35 Loraine Court San Francisco, California Salvador Roque 358 W. 231 Street Carson, California Philip B. Del Rosario 3819 Cortez Dallas, Texas 75220 Kay Saito 112 Linden Lane San Mateo, California 94402 Naomi Sakai 1615 E. 8th Street, #16 Oakland, California 54 ''Paul Sakamoto San Francisco State College San Francisco, California Jerry Sakata 1633 So. Sutter San Francisco, California Maurine Salve 12226 Acacia Mill Portland, Oregon 97222 Ton A. Sam 483 23rd Avenue San Francisco, California Jerry Santos 2040 “F” Avenue National City, California Jesse P. M. Santos 4187 - 46th Street San Diego, California Victoria Santos 1514 “V” Street, #4 Keith Sato 615 - 41st Avenue San Francisco, California Muraya Sawai 297 Lee Street Oakland, California Tideley M. Savlon 105 E. 2nd Street National City, California Kogi Sayama \ 125 Weller Street, Rm. 202 Los Angeles, California 90012 Thomatra N. Scott 1607 McAllister Street San Francisco, California Victor Seeto 1445 Hyde San Francisco, California Judy Seto 1366 - 10th Avenue San Francisco, California Michael Shen 552 Noe Street Jack E. Sheu 1414 Le High Avenue, Apt. A2 Glavia, Illinois Thomas Seih NIMH San Francisco, California Steven Shon 22 Clifford Terrace, #3 San Francisco, California 94117 Eileen Shimose 2715 S Street, #4 Sacramento, California 95818 Ear! Shiroi 2726 V Street, #A Sacramento, California 95818 Al Sid 2501 Hill Court Lillian Sing 550 Montgomery Street, 10th Floor San Francisco, California Linda Soo Hoo 2102 Larkin Street San Francisco, California Sid Gloria 1275 Twenty-fifth Avenue San Francisco, California 94122 Fred Soriano 41 - 1665 Humuka PI. Hawaii Kathy Suda 1218 - 5th Avenue, #3 San Francisco, California Godfrey Suen 875 South 9th Street Day Suehiro 4147 Marlton Avenue, #7 George Sugai 640 Kaumana Drive Hilo, Hawaii 96720 Julie S. Sumida 279 - 5th Avenue #3 San Francisco, California June Summers 1548 Stockton Street San Francisco, California Jan Jung-Min Sunoo 7A Howard Dr. New Jersey Vi Suto 1990 - 41st Avenue San Francisco, California Fred F. Suzukawa 885 Laguna Livermore, California Jacqueline Suzuki 679 - 12th Avenue San Francisco, California Wai Yin Syn 2230 Sallan Street 129 Mt. View, California Jan Jung-Miu Sunoo 1165 Moms Park Avenue, Rm. 444 Bronx, New York 10461 M. Sah 1608 Norvell Street El Cerrito, California 55 ''Jim Saiki 301 Judah #101 San Francisco, California Sam Tagatac 1242 - 8th Avenue San Francisco, California Faitau F. Tago 546 F. North Kuku Street Honolulu, Hawaii 96817 Hara Taiko 572 - 12th Avenue San Francisco, California Paul T. Takagi 7028 Colton Blvd. Oakland, California Jevi Takahasli Thomas Tam 114 East - 1st Street, #12 New York, New York 10009 Thomas Toh Jin Tan 612 N. 8rd, #7 San Jose, California Hoyd Tamura Los Angeles, California Diane Tang 1463 - 18th Avenue San Francisco, California Julie Tang 910 Anza San Francisco, California 94117 Leslie Ta Iguchi 2818 Wooldridge Drive Austin, Texas Loy F. Teo 334 Colin Avenue Compton, California 90220 Phil Terrado 2038 F Street National City, California Marian Tinloy 13087 Brookpark Road Oakland, California 94619 Phyllis Tingstrom 28492 Mission Blvd. Hayward, California Casimir Tolentino 824 Westmoreland Drive Montebello, California 90640 Jimi Tokunaga 2310 Coré Los Angeles, California ‘Vickie Tom 1 Hyde #2 *rancisco, California Gary Tom 2436 Balboa Street San Francisco, California Joan Tom 166 Beverly Street San Francisco, California 94132 Owan Tom 3834 Mt. Olgez Lane Sanford Tom 450 Sutter Street San Francisco, California Ben R. Tong 1957 Stockton Street San Francisco, California 94133 David Tong 1957 Stockton Street San Francisco, California 94133 May Tong 1957 Stockton Street San Francisco, California 94133 Rita Tong Samuel Tong 1042 Grant Avenue San Francisco, California Barry Fong Torres YCS 250 Columbus Avenue San Francisco, California 94133 James Toy 847 Lombard San Francisco, California Reiko True 5326 Silva El Cerrito, California Kazuke Tsuchiya 14600 Silva Rd. San Leandro, California Edward Tsui 17 Elm Street, #1 Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139 George Tsukuoa 1917 Oakland Road Oakland, California Antonia Tu 2047 W. 157th Street, #2 Gardena, California 90249 Midon K. Uatanbe Daniel Umeda 3875 Cambridge Avenue Palo Alto, California Edmond Ur 704 East 12th Street Hayward, California 56 ''David Ushio 2021 L Street, N.W., #530 Washington, D. C. 20036 Gail Uyehara 1328 Shradu David Uyekawg 1115 W. 168 Street Gary Uyekawa 16408 Western Avenue Davis Va 1840 A Fell Street San Francisco, California Carmen C. Verduzco 3001 S. King Drive, Apt. 1706 Chicago, Illinois 60616 Pat Wada 1707 Oxford Street Los Angeles, California Pm Wahabayashi 125 Weller Street, #31 Los Angeles, California Charles Pei Wang 45 E. Broadway New York, New York 10002 Kazuko Wang 855 - 6th Street Santa Monica, California 90403 Linda Wang 1548 Stockton Street San Francisco, California 94133 Ichiro C. Watanbee Midon K. Watanabe Lloyd K. Wake 330 Ellis Street San Francisco, California Victor Wei 1207 Dartmouth Albany, California 94706 Al Wong Alan S. Wong 1280 Ellis Street, #12 San Francisco, California Alice Wong 1802 W. 11th Street Upland, California , Dorothy Wong 2W Carroll Avenue Westwood, California Elizabeth Wong c/o YCS 250 Columbus Avenue San Francisco, California Ellyn Wong 125 Weller Street, #305 San Francisco, California Gary Wong 276 Ewing Terrace San Francisco, California Gwen Wong 1344 Jordson Street, #113 San Francisco, California 94109 Helen S. Wong #319 MW 500 Parnassus Avenue San Francisco, California Helen Wong 68 So. 8th Street #F San Jose, California Henry Wong 140 Wood Street, #4 San Francisco, California 94118 James S. Wong 1548 Stockton Street North East Mental Health San Francisco, California Janice Wong 1017 Hyde, Apt. 1 San Francisco, California Jeannie Wong 41 Bannam Place San Francisco, California Jeanette En Oi Wong 1333 Gough #2F San Francisco, California 94109 Kenneth H. Wong 527 - 12th Avenue San Francisco, California Larry Jack Wong 331 Spruce Street San Francisco, California Marshall Wong 2001 Larkin Way Sacramento, California Nancy Wong 2405 Fulton #307 San Francisco, California Po. S. Wong 550 Montgomery 10th Floor San Francisco, California Richard Wong 331 N. Gower Los Angeles, California 90004 Rowena Wong c/o YSC 250 Columbus Avenue San Francisco, California 57 ''Sandra Wong 1045 Leavenworth #3 San Francisco, California Sandra Wong c/o North East Medical Services 615 Grant Avenue San Francisco, California 94108 Sarah Wong 970 Bay Street, Apt. 8 San Francisco, California Shawni H. Wong Mills College Oakland, California Steven Wong 846 Kearny Street San Francisco, California Stephanie Wong 12 Waverly Place San Francisco, California Ted Wong 1828 Hyde Street, #5 San Francisco, California 94109 Verax Wong 3471 - 39th Avenue Oakland, California George Woo 1366 - 10th Avenue San Francisco, California Margaret E. Woo 1700 Spruce #2 Berkeley, California 94709 Priscilla Woo Jannie Wu 1945 Washington San Francisco, California Ronald D. Wu Counseling Center U.C. Davis Davis, California 96616 Marlene Yamada 1424 - 15th Street Boulder, Colorado 80302 Roy Yamadeka 131 N. Mathews Los Angeles, California Cark Yamamoto 386 Oaklawn Avenue Chula Vista, California 92010 Joyce Yamanoto 348 Locust Street San Francisco, California Linda S. Yamamoto 10 Sonoma Street, #11 San Rafael, California Ken Yang 32790 Alexandria Avenue Los Angeles, California Anita Yao 2327 Filbert Street San Francisco, California Kay Yatabe 258 Hugo Street San Francisco, California Barau Yeda 875 - 25th Avenue San Francisco, California 94121 Bill Yee 2262 - 41st Avenue Oakland, California 94601 Christine Yee 1535 Jones Street San Francisco, California David Yee Dorothy Yee 1625 Larkin Street E San Francisco, California Helen Yee 550 S. 6th Street #8 Rose Yee 3003 Balboa Avenue San Francisco, California Stan Yee 1195 Bush Street San Francisco, California K. Yen Ken Au Yeung 4055 Fullington Oak Donna Yick 257 Francisco #38 San Francisco, California Sun B. Yim 835 Marmandie Avenue #2 Los Angeles, California 90020 Regina Yin 222 - 39th Avenue San Mateo, California Albert Yip 3970 - 18th Street Esther Yokota 360 Qunitara San Francisco, California Issei Yokota 316 San Antonio San Mateo, California Nancy Yokoyama 1798 Grove #2 San Francisco, California 58 ''Alfred Yon 927 Union Street San Francisco, California Bun Yoshikami 34-23 71st Street Jackson Heights, New York 11372 Yoneo Yoshimura 688 - 8th Avenue San Francisco, California Florence Yoshiwora 510 Kentucky Avenue San Mateo, California Berta Young Clare L. Young 12 Waverly Place San Francisco, California Clifford Young 382 So. 10th Street San Jose, California Charles Yue 1042 Grant Avenue, #402 San Francisco, California Frank Yuen 2575 - 44th Avenue San Francisco, California Sam Yuen 232 Randall Street San Francisco, California Alfred Yun Youth Service Center 250 Columbus Avenue San Francisco, California Patrick Yung 835 - 2nd Avenue #2 San Francisco, California George K. Yuzawa 167 DeLong Avenue Dumont, New Jersey 97628 Jean Zee 2230 Durant Avenue Berr. Edmond Ow Ret Muahn Michael Ling Antonia Chu 59 ''APPENDIX G Delegates to the Postplanning Conference Rockville, Md. September 14-15, 1972 Conference Chairman: George K. Igi, ACSW 2555 So. Bundy Drive (213) 477-3397 Home Los Angeles, Calif. 90064 (218) 731-8861 Work Program Chairwoman: Ms. Linda Wang 1548 Stockton Street (415) 398-0981 Home San Francisco, Calif. 94183 (415) 771-6434 Work California Leighton Y. Huey, M.D. 168 Sea Orbit Lane Del Mar, Calif. 92014 Phone: Home (714) 755-7989 Work 453-7500 Miss Carol Hatanaka 125 Weller Street, #305 Los Angeles, Calif. 90012 Phone: Home (213) 755-5121 Work 689-4413 Mrs. Faye Munoz 10764 Queensland Street Los Angeles, Calif. 90064 Phone: Home (213) 837-7308 Talafili Felie Fala 3943 26th Street San Francisco, Calif. 94131 Phone: Home (415) 647-7564 Hawaii Larry Koseki 45-718 Kalamalo Place Kanohe, Hawaii 96744 Phone: Home (808) 247-1385 Fred Soriano P. O. Box 354 Pahala, Hawaii 96777 Phone: Home (808) 259-7884 Work 928-8523 Illinois Mrs. Bok-Lim Kim 1112 Lincolnshire Drive Champaign, II]. 60612 Massachusetts Robert Moy 239 Harrison Avenue Boston, Mass. 02111 Phone: Home (617) 426-4158 Work 338-7318 New Jersey Jan Jung-Miu Sunoo 7A Howard Drive Bergenfield, N. J. 07621 Phone: (201) 387-1489 Utah Ronald M. Aramaki 310 Carole Circle Salt Lake City, Utah 84115 Phone: Work (801) 467-3048 Washington Gil Hirabayashi 3927 Wallingford North Seattle, Wash. 98103 Phone: Home (206) 633-4691 Work MU2-3050, X631 Hawaii Ms. Paige Barber 427 C Manono St. Kailua, Hawaii 96734 60 ''APPENDIX H NIMH Staff and Consultants Dr. Bertram S. Brown, Director NIMH 5600 Fishers Lane Rockville, Md. 20852 Dr. Milton Wittman, Chief Social Work Training Branch, DMTP NIMH 5600 Fishers Lane Rockville, Md. 20852 Dr. James Goodman, Director Division of Special Mental Health Programs NIMH 5600 Fishers Lane Rockville, Md. 20852 Mr. Edward J. Flynn, Acting Chief Applied Research Branch Public Health Service Health Services and Mental Health Administration NIMH 5600 Fishers Lane Rockville, Md. 20852 Mrs. Toyo Biddle Coordinator for Asian-American Affairs HEW Room 4540, North Building 330 Independence Avenue, SW Washington, D.C. 20201 Dr. Ralph C. Kennedy, Chief Community Mental Health Services Support Branch NIMH 5600 Fishers Lane Rockville, Md. 20852 Dr. Ramsay Liem Associate Professor Dept. of Psychology Boston College McGuin Hall Chestnut Hill, Mass. 02167 Mr. William H. Marumoto Staff Assistant to the President The White House Washington. D.C. 20500 Mr. K. Patrick Okura Executive Assistant to the Director NIMH 5600 Fishers Lane Rockville, Md. 20852 Dr. Frank Ochberg Associate Regional Director Health Services and Mental Health Administration 50 Fulton Street San Francisco, Calif. 94102 Ms. Arleen Sukolsky Mr. Charles W. Makins NIAAA Room 217 50 Fulton Street San Francisco, Calif. 94102 Mr. Andy Dieppa, Director E.L.A. Chicano Community Mental Health Center 741 South Atlantic Blvd. Los Angeles, Calif. 90022 Mr. Allan B. Cohen, Director Chinatown Planning Council 45 East Broadway New York, N.Y. 10002 Mr. Bill Cole Dept. of Community Services County of Los Angeles 220 North Broadway, Room 701 Los Angeles, Calif. 90012 Fernando de Baca Regional Director Emory Lee, HEW Fellow HEW, Region IX 50 Fulton Street San Francisco, Calif. 94102 61 ''APPENDIX I Position Paper from Asian Americans Boston, Mass. July 7, 1972 Dear Friend: As a result of our participation in the Asian American Mental Health Conference, 4/26/72, those of us from Boston met to discuss our reactions and feelings. All of us felt that it would be helpful at least to share our impressions with other conference participants and to try to get similar feedback. Consequently, we are attempting to contact as many of you who attended the conference as possible and are sending you (1) a brief statement explaining our analysis of the conference, (2) a copy of a recommendation for followup, and (3) a few questions asking for your reactions to various aspects of the conference. We are simply acting as a concerned group that feels some followup of this sort ought to be initiated within the Asian American Community if anything is to be gained from the events of the conference. We are pre- pared to collate the replies to the several questions and to make them avail- able to each of you. Perhaps the combined responses of all attending the conference will provide us with some sense as to how we can best proceed from here. Should there be a reasonable consensus that future action should be taken and sufficient commitment of manpower and time, we are prepared to participate with others in initiating the necessary first steps. Since we are taking this task on with no financial support, we would appreciate your sending us a self-addressed, stamped envelope so that we may send you the responses to this package. We would also encourage you to reply as soon as possible. Finally, your receiving this informal followup has been delayed by our inability to get the full list of 600 participants from the conference organ- izers. Nevertheless, we have decided to mail the package to as many people as we can at this time and to continue to try to get the complete list of names and addresses. Some of you will receive several sets of materials in hopes that you will pass them on to others who attended the conference. In Unity, Caroline Chang Robert Moy Jean Chin Edward Tsui Sharon Fujii Dottie Wong Ramsay Liem 1. What is your own reaction to the conference and our analysis of it? Are you interested in and willing to participate in efforts to form a followup conference? 3. What do you think should be the objectives of this fellowship? (e.g. devel- oping a decision-making apparatus for Asian American communities; national communications network, etc.) 4. What kind of procedure do you think we could use? Should we go through the Postconference Planning Committee or should we act on our own? What should be the first steps? 62 ''5. What is your opinion on how we can make the followup more broadly representative of different groups within different Asian communities? Is it possible at this time for Asian American communities to form an adequately representative national organization? What are the problems that your community would face in forming such representation? What do you think would constitute adequate representation? (e.g. by ethnic group, by urban area, by age, etc.) 6. What is your own position in terms of relating to NIMH or any other government agencies? 7. Do you support the Boston Resolution (encl.) which calls for a series of NIMH funded regional caucuses ? 8. Other comments. RESOLUTION (Drafted the last day of the conference) In the spirit of HEW principle of community participation and control, we strongly feel that the Asian American communities must have full control to plan, design, implement, and evaluate all community projects. This posi- tion is necessary because only the Asian Community itself fully understands the nature and scope of the existing problems and needs. Therefore, we demand the support to implement first steps to develop an Asian American controlled decision-making apparatus for all programs and sources directed at the Asian American community. This apparatus will have full say over all fundings channeled into the Asian Community through out- side funding agencies and will act to insure that funding is sufficient. This apparatus should be formed and represented by all Asian communities accord- ing to their population and need. The responsibility of the delegates to this conference will be to communicate this resolution to their respective commu- nities to insure full community representation. This implies that all Asian communities that are not represented in this conference must also be included. As a first step to implement this resolution, we demand NIMH to fund a series of regional planning caucuses. The sole function of these meetings is to develop the above-mentioned decision-making apparatus and will involve no competition for funding. The following statement is a brief summary of an analysis of the recent Asian American Mental Health Conference, San Francisco, April 27/29, 1972, by participants from Boston, Massachusetts. We seek your reactions to our position and some indication of your own impressions of the conference. We are also interested in whether or not those who attended the meeting would be willing to organize a followup effort, and, if so, toward what ends. The overriding sense of some of us who attended the conference was that the entire formal proceedings related in no meaningful way to the needs and problems within Asian American communities. Furthermore, it was evident that the only real effect it may have had (as originally planned) was to foster competitiveness and distrust among ourselves, directing our energy and attention away from productive discussions of common problems and common enemies. Put another way, the conference attempted to engage us in a meaningless exercise of resolution and proposal drafting, parliamentary procedures, and speech-making, all motions which at the time seemed relevant to go through. Our consent to these formal activities, however, only led us into senseless game playing as it became evident over the two days that the Federal spon- sor, NIMH, was in no way prepared to clarify its commitments to the con- ference participants, let alone the Asian American community. Paraphrasing Bert Brown (Director, NIMH), “We may have made an ‘error’ in not inform- ing the conference of our own uncertain position.” The conference was permitted to be convened with little more than each individual’s private 63 ''expectations serving to determine the intent and objectives of the conference. By failing to provide hard data such as the amount of funds available to Asian American communities, a systematic review of decision-making proce- dures within NIMH, or a statement by NIMH as to its investment in and expectation for the conference, NIMH sanctioned and fostered a blatant hoax on all who attended. To have gone through all the motions and planned exercises would have been to legitimize any claims by NIMH that it had adequately responded to the needs of Asian Americans. It appears that only NIMH’s own needs to give lip service to community participation could have been served by the conference. It was apparent quite early that an undertone of tension existed. It was reflected in the concern among the participants that the formal delegates were not chosen in a manner which assured full representation of all Asian Americans (both ethnically and geographically) and that the selection pro- cedures were left conveniently vague. It was also apparent that neither the delegates nor other participants were clearly informed of the full purpose of the conference. The unspoken consensus was that somehow decisions would be made to fund some of the proposals that grew out of the conference; hence, an added air of competitiveness was fostered among participants. In addition, throughout the first day many caucuses were held by groups of different ethnicity and from different regions of the country. By and large, the con- ference seemed vulnerable to dissension among the participants. Throughout these proceedings all scheduled meetings and workshops were videotaped and recorded by NIMH audio-visual technicians. The critical aspects of the presence of NIMH at the conference can be summed up in the following points: (1) that NIMH was fostering conflict among the participants by having failed to specify their own intent and level of financial commitment to Asian American communities well before the con- ference was convened, (2) that NIMH was putting the conference delegates in a precarious position by implying that they were an adequate representative group of Asian Americans, (3) that AASW was being exploited by NIMH to act as a buffer between the Asian American community and NIMH, and (4) that the real intent of NIMH was to give the appearance of having responded to Asian American needs and to gauge as clearly as possible the level of organization among us. On the positive side, the conference served to sharpen the awareness of those who attended of the true character of NIMH, a representative agency of the Federal Government. Their actions can only be construed as an attempt to placate the Asian American community, to instigate competition and dis- sension among ethnic and regional groups, to direct our frustrations away from NIMH toward other Asians (AASW), and to capitalize on an oppor- tunity to gather as much information as possible about the current mood within the Asian American community. These lessons are important because they enable us to be more realistic in terms of our expectations of Federal agencies and our designing of strategies for engaging them. Less optimistic is the stark fact that Asian American communities are very much susceptible to manipulation by outside agencies; that the mere hint of Federal monies is enough to pit group against group even when the availability of funds has not been clarified. This condition can only work against unity, the fundamental prerequisite for effective struggle whether it be for local or national interests. Lack of organization among Asian Ameri- cans was also reflected in the fact that some of us were perhaps too eager to serve the interests of NIMH (e.g. AASW), and others too quick to point to AASW as the enemy rather than the forces behind them. We can only be sidetracked from our primary objectives by this kind of in-fighting. Had we recognized the objectives of NIMH at the very beginning of the conference, we might have taken advantage of the opportunity to construct our own agenda for the two days that could have included: (1) the organization of a representative body to consider strategies for pressuring NIMH for funds, 64 ''(2) the exchange of needs and problems confronting different ethnic groups and geographical regions with an eye to identifying points of commonality, and (3) preliminary planning to establish an on-going communications net- work to follow up the impetus of the conference and to serve the objective of unity. The lessons gained from this experience will hopefully add to our objec- tive understanding of the conditions with which we must work and point to some directions for immediate consideration. While the specific outcome of this one conference was not entirely positive, the real value of the event lies in the contribution it makes to the development of our capacity to function more effectively in the future. yY U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE: 1974 O—S50-320 65 '' '''' POSTAGE AND FEES PAID U.S. DEPARTMENT OF H.EW ne OF MAILING — ministration R ockville, Mary and DHEW Pt blication No. (ADM) 74-46 sees: faci ABUSE, AND MENTAL HEALTH ADMINISTRATION. ''COeqdeeSbS4 ''