UC BERKELEY
MASTER NEGATIVE
STORAGE NUMBER

00-39.14

(National version of master

negative storage number:
CU SN00089.14)

 
MICROFILMED 1999
UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA
LIBRARY PHOTOGRAPHIC SERVICE

USAIN State and Local Literature
Preservation Project

Funded In part by the National Endowment for

the Humanities

REPRODUCTION AVAILABLE THROUGH
INTERLIBRARY LOAN OFFICE
MAIN LIBRARY
UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA
BERKELEY, CA 94720-6000

 
 

 

COPYRIGHT

The copyright law of the United States (Title 17, United States
Code) governs the making of photocopies or other reproductions of
copyrighted materials including foreign works under certain
conditions. In addition, the United States extends protection to
foreign works by means of various international conventions,
bilateral agreements, and proclamations.

Under certain conditions specified in the law, libraries and archives
are authorized to furnish a photocopy or other reproduction.
One of these specified conditions is that the photocopy or
reproduction is not to be "used for any purpose other than private
study, scholarship, or research.” If a user makes a request for,
or later uses, a photocopy or reproduction for purposes in excess
of "fair use," that user may be liable for copyright infringement.

University of California at Berkeley reserves the right to refuse to
accept a copying order if, in its judgment, fulfillment of the order
would involve violation of copyright law.

 
Levick, M. B.

   
 
     
   
  

  

California lands for wealth :
Sacramento County,
California

San Francisco, Calif.
[1912]
 

BIBLIOGRAPHIC RECORD TARGET

University of California at Berkeley Library

USAIN State and Local Literature Preservation Project

Master negative storage number: 00-89.14

(national version of the master negative storage number: CU SN00089.14)

 

Levick, M. B.

Title: California lands for wealth : Sacramento County, California / by
M.B. Levick. San Francisco, Calif. : Sunset Magazine
Homeseekers' Bureau : Sacramento, Calif. : Immigration

Committee of the Board of Supervisors, Sacramento, California,
[1912].
Description: 64 p. :ill., map ; 25 cm.

Notes: Cover title: Sacramento County, California.

CSL State Lib F868.S12 L48 1912 California Non Circ

Microfilmed by University of California Library Photographic Service,
Berkeley, CA

 
 

Filmed from hard copy
borrowed from
California State Library

 
FILMED AND PROCESSED BY
LIBRARY PHOTOGRAPHIC
SERVICE, UNIVERSITY OF
CALIFORNIA, BERKELEY,
94720

 

DATE: 5/00
REDUCTION RATIO: 10

 
PM-1 3%"x4" PHOTOGRAPHIC MICROCOPY TARGET
NBS 1010a ANSI/ISO #2 EQUIVALENT

ll

 

 

 

 
 

 

 

THE GROUNDS OF THE STATE CAPITOL FORM A NOTED PARK

 

 

California Lands for Wealth

SACRAMENTO

CE. 9. UU N T ¥Y
CALIFORNIA

BY M. B. LEVICK

CALIFORNIA
STATE LIBRARY

Call No. 7
F

868
S12
LU48

1912 Fp

FOR THE IMMIGRATION COMMITTEE OF THE BOARD OF SUPERVISORS,
SACRAMENTO, CALIFORNIA

California Fruit for Health

 

 

 

 

 
 

California Lands for Wealth

SACRAMENTO

Cc OO U N T Y
CALIFORNIA

 

 

ISSUED BY
THE SUNSET MAGAZINE HOMESEEKERS' BUREAU SAN FRANCISCO, CALIFORNIA
FOR THE IMMIGRATION COMMITTEE OF THE BOARD OF SUPERVISORS,
SACRAMENTO, CALIFORNIA

 

THE GROUNDS OF THE STATE CAPITOL FORM A NOTED PARK California Fruit for Health

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 
 

5
&
&
2
Oo
3
a
0
2
8
Bl
&
E
3
2
a
a
g
2
H
:
on
=
gE
:
:
i
8
:
8
BH
=
5
>
£
a
Hm
»”
mM

THE POMELO OR GRAPE FRUIT.

Cred BEA PR aDR,

-
nt.

 

On the left, the
Labor Temple;
on the right, one of the
ten banks, and quarters
of the Sutter Club.
The capital city is
substantially built;
$3,000,000 worth of

buildings went up
last year.

SACRAMENTO COUNTY

ACRAMENTO COUNTY offers a twofold opportunity. For the farmer
S it has land of the kind on which California’s fame is built and advantages
in general surpassed nowhere else. For the city worker it has a city being
pushed forward by the tremendous pressure of the richest farming area in the
world. Here is a bit of country with something to it.

Situated at the center of northern California, Sacramento is the pivot of the
great interior valley of the state; from it the Sacramento Valley runs north
and the San Joaquin Valley south.

Topographically, the county is principally valley floor, breaking into the
foothills of the Sierra Nevadas in the east. Within the county these hills rise
to a height of 300 feet.

By many rail lines the Sacramentan is connected with the markets of the
nation and of the Coast. The capital city itself forms no mean market, and
San Francisco is but a few hours off by either land or river.

The day of the small farmer is here. Ten or twenty-five acres, if properly
handled, making the owner independent, are more cheaply cared for in proportion
than larger ranches. Scientific, intensive methods are essential.

The land is rapidly being split up into small holdings. The county now
has 2,250 farms. Thousands of acres are being made available to the newcomer.
The Natomas reclamation project is putting 60,000 acres in shape for the
farmer. Another big work is the opening of the Haggin Grant, or Rancho
del Paso, embracing 44,000 acres, by the Sacramento Valley Colonization
Company. On this grant the famous Haggin horses were bred.

The wealth of the county is increasing at an amazing rate. In 1910 the
grand total value of all property was $61,676,032. In 1911 it jumped to
$78,296,179. In seven years the increase has been over $41,000,000.

 
 

 

7)
0
Oo
Z
Oo
Q
g
g
©
:
5
Z
Oo
=
<
z
«
:
BR
1
oO
=
&
eal
os]
=
i
>
0
2
Qo
os}
0
5
fy
»
us
a

SACRAMENTO KNOWS HOW TO KEEP BUSY AND HOW TO PLAY THE HOST.

 

Almost as large as Rhode Island, the county is 988 square miles in area,
or 632,108 acres. There is plenty of room; in 1900 the population was 45,915,
and that of 1910 was 67,806. The total is increasing at the rate of hundreds
monthly.

One of California’s original counties, this was important for years before
the gold rush. Its agricultural and horticultural resources were first demon-
strated in the thirties by General John A. Sutter.

It is a prosperous county; farmers ride in autos—there are over 700 cars
in the county—and fast power boats ply on the rivers.

It is a comfortable county, with the conveniences of the day. For example,
the telephone system has nearly 1,500 miles of lines.

It is an intelligent county. The Sacramento Public Library has five
branches and twelve stations scattered in the country districts. Outside of the
capital there are seventy-six schools, besides three high schools, having in all
8,786 pupils, the school census being 11,177. :

THE CITY OF SACRAMENTO

Sacramento, the capital of California, is a city of three tenses: it has a past,
a present and a future. It holds such a strategic position that it could not
stop growing if it would. It is a town to watch in this day when the migratory
spirit touches the city man as well as the farmer.

No mushroom town this, but one whose history runs back with that of
California; a town which was the mining center in the great mining days, and
which today is the central point for the world’s greatest valley.

With an immense traffic by rail and water, Sacramento is an important
jobbing as well as retail center. It is the largest mail order center west of
Chicago. Here are two great railroad shops—the Southern Pacific’s with
3,000 men, and the Western Pacific’s now building—and the manufacturing
interests, already large, are growing in a manner more than commensurate with
the general progress.

No better manufacturing situation is to be had in the West, with power and
ideal sites at hand and unsurpassed transportation facilities.

It is a city of comfort as well. All the modern city dweller expects ig
here, and in a state of beautiful towns it is noted for its beauty.

Southwest of Sacramento, seventy miles by air line, lies San Francisco; the
distance is ninety miles by rail and 120 by river and bay. Three hours’ riding
one way and the Sacramentan is at the ocean; as long a journey the other and
he is in the heart of the Sierras.

A district including five important suburbs and twice as large as the original
city has been annexed, making Sacramento cover an area of approximately
sixteen square miles and giving it a population of 65,000.

The largest California city north of San Francisco, Sacramento had a
population of 44,696 when the 1910 census was taken. That was an increase

of 15,414 over the figures for 1900. The city is growing at a rate of 3,000 a

year. It is inevitable that the Panama-Pacific Exposition in 1915 will give a
greater impetus.

As a result of the city’s growth, real estate values have more than doubled
in the last three years. Within twelve months whole residential streets have
been built up and many districts converted from farms and truck-gardens into
boulevarded regions of homes. Bungalows and palms give the keynote in the
capital city of today.

With ten banks, of which seven are in the clearing house, Sacramento is
the fifth city of California in point of bank clearings. These figures gauge the
growth: the clearings in 1908 were $44,883,128.71; in 1909, $54,512,723.22; in
1910, $70,870,997.13; in 1911, $78,376,700.21. In the first seven months of
1912 the total was $47,715,068.68, showing the continuance of progress.

 
 

 

HERE IS A GLIMPSE OF A WINTER DAY IN SOUTH SIDE PARK, NEWEST OF THE CITY'S CHAIN OF PARKS

In the value of building permits the capital is the third city of northern
California, and fifth in the entire state. From 417 permits representing
$994,811.50 in 1906, the city jumped to 515 representing $2,063,394.80 in 1909.
In 1910 there were 441 permits, of a value of $2,326,606. The 1911 total was
$3,087,392, with 685 permits. In the first nine months of 1912, there were issued
636 permits, representing $1,776,049.50.

The increase in the number of permits indicates many homes are being built.

The total in 1909 was increased by the value of the new city hall, $173,900
in the original permit. The following year included $650,000 for the new
court-house and $141,000 for remodeling the Federal Building.

The assessed valuation of property follows:

Year Land

1909 $14,699,825
19,694,850
26,537,750
34,289,550

Improvements Personal Total Tax Rate

$ 9,615,725 $6,091,350 $30,406,900 $1.60
10,644,500 6,229,700 36,569,050 1.60
10,555,550 4,078,450 41,171,750 1.39
14,843,650 5,058,950 54,146,850 1.28

1,897,380 234,330 9,029,570

19

(old city)
1912 6,933,950
(annexed territory)

The assessed valuation on operative property of public service corporations in
1911 was $3,741,000, the tax rate .157; in 1912, $5,184,345, tax rate .122.

A luxuriant growth of trees makes Sacramento’s streets beautiful, but there
is besides an extensive system of parks and boulevards. There are five parks
of three and a half acres each well scattered throughout the city, including the
Plaza, and Fremont, Marshall and Winn parks. The South Side Park,
embracing thirty-three acres, is one of the newest but handsomest in the chain.
McKinley Park embraces forty acres, and the largest, Del Paso, over 800 acres.
There are also twenty-five blocks of parked boulevards, and the plans for the
coming year include the parking of seventy-four blocks.

6

 

 

4 Be iT

WITHIN THREE YEARS OUTLYING RANCHES HAVE BEEN TURNED INTO BOULEVARDED CITY HOME DISTRICTS

Besides the city parks, there is Capitol Park, embracing thirty-three acres in
the center of the city, surrounding the capitol. This space exemplifies the
versatility of Sacramento County; in it there are thriving 116 varieties of trees
and shrubs gathered from all over the world. There are still more varieties
in the half acre set aside as a memorial park. The trees of this grove were
gathered from the battlefields of the Civil War and other places noted in
American history. a

The Capitol, begun in 1860, has been remodeled within the last few years,
the total cost since it was first planned being almost $3,000,000.

In the Capitol grounds stands the State Insectary, connected with the State
Commission of Horticulture. The Insectary force collects, breeds and distributes
millions of beneficial insects yearly. The work has attracted the attention of
entomologists the world over, and government-employed scientists from France,
Spain, Japan, South Africa and Formosa have visited Sacramento to study it.
Here is a museum of interest to the specialist and the farmer alike.

One of the sights of the city is an ostrich farm with from fifty to a hundred
birds. Swimming baths are another attraction. ai A

Within Sacramento, set in a four-acre park, is one of California’s historic
buildings—Sutter’s Fort. Built in 1839, this was the headquarters of General
John A. Sutter, the soldier of fortune who secured a Spanish grant before the
gold days and upon whose rancho Sacramento stands today. Over this fort,
a focal point in the early history of the state, the second American flag to be
raised in California was run up on July 4, 1846. Restored, the building is now

the state.
Gi as in California rank higher ee Steramenos. Is the city there
-one buildings for 6,500 pupils. For new buildings and improvements
$800,000 bonds have voted. The high school, whose building cost $250,000,
is fully accredited to the University of California and to Stanford University.
The system includes night schools and manual training and domestic science.

7

 
 

> TO BOTTOM: SOUTHERN PACIFIC HOSPITAL; VIEW FROM CAPITOL DOME; IN A RESIDENTIAL DISTRICT

 

 

SAINT FRANCIS CATHOLIC CHURCH, ONE OF THE FIFTY CHURCHES IN THE CITY OF SACRAMENTO

Within the city proper, exclusive of recently annexed suburbs, there are forty

miles of macadamized streets, thirteen miles graveled, thirteen of asphaltum and
nearly eight of asphaltic macadam.

The chief public service corporation is the Sacramento Electric, Gas &
Railway Company. This company has 115 miles of gas mains, including those
in Oak Park. Its gas works have a storage capacity of 750,000 feet, and there
is under way a million-foot tank. Its manufacturing capacity is 2,000,000 feet
in twenty-four hours, twice the present consumption. Besides an electric
substation, it has a new steam generating station. The electric service extends
over the county. Its traction department is now operating 38.71 miles of single
track, running forty-three cars daily and fifty-five on Sundays and holidays.
Seven new lines in the city and suburbs, with nine and a half miles of additional
tracks, are contemplated. Besides 400 employes in its three departments, the
company in 1910 had 700 men in its construction business. Its tracks are put
down on rock foundation on what is known as a fifty-year construction basis—
they are built to last. All poles and wires have been removed from thirty-six
square blocks in the heart of the city, being put underground at a cost of
$300,000. ‘This company built all its rolling stock in its own shops which are
320 feet by 160 feet in size, excluding a concrete car storage building.

The Northern Electric, the Vallejo Northern and the Central California
Traction companies operate street cars in the city.

There are other interests besides the commercial. The Crocker Art Gallery,
one of the most important in the West, was presented to the city and the
California Museum Association in 1884 by Mrs. Margaret E. Crocker. This
collection is valued at $750,000. The city also claims the largest music club in
the country. The city library contains 43,000 volumes. There is also the State
Library in the Capitol with 155,780 volumes, and the Law Library. There are
eleven hotels—one costing $500,000,—and ten clubs, four of which are athletic.

Of the seventeen newspapers in Sacramento three are dailies. There are

2

 
 

:
H
8
8
«
;
=
&
8
3
E
E
8
Z
Z
0
5
«
a
8
2
:
B
a
i
2
=
a
&
2
Hd
g
gl
EA
g
Z
$
&
2
g
i
a

GREEN GAGE PLUMS.

 

&»

five theatres and eight moving-picture houses. The churches number fifty,
benevolent societies are as numerous, and there are, besides, a hundred fraternal
lodges, four civic organizations, eleven hospitals, a -home for the aged,
orphanages and many private schools.

On the outskirts of the city is an eighty-acre tract where the State Agri-
cultural Society holds the annual State Fair, which has been held at Sacramento
since 1861. Besides a race-track, stables and buildings for the accommodation
of stock, on the grounds are an Agricultural Pavilion and a Manufacturers’
Pavilion, part of a scheme of improvement. The State Fair is one of the

‘chief events in California farming life and attracts exhibits and attendance

from practically every county.

SOME MEASURES OF PRODUCTION

Not every farmer can expect to do as well as the men mentioned below,
for all can not own island or river-bottom ranches. Their results are of general
interest, however, and the experienced can gauge an average from the unusual
showings—which are usual, however, in the delta country.

Under the separate headings of the different crops many instances are given
which, except when specified as on delta or first bottom-lands, can be taken as
ordinary results. Those below, however, could be duplicated only on the
county’s best lands. :

Six hundred and forty crates of twenty pounds each, worth seventy cents
each in 1911, is the average yield per acre from the plum trees on the ranch of
T. W. Dean, a Courtland man who makes money on the bottom-lands. The
price of plums averages sixty cents. His net returns per acre average $448.

He has two and a half acres of cherries; in 1911, free from labor and boxes,
these paid $2,700 net. The average price in the eastern market the books of the
Dean ranch show to be $1.69 a box for blacks and eighty-five cents for
whites. In Seattle both average $1.40, in San Francisco $1.20, and in Los
Angeles $1.35. Last year 1,044 boxes were sold in the Fast and 1,500 on the
Pacific Coast. The highest net returns from these cherries have been $3,250;
the gross sales have been much more, of course. As to expenses, labor is put
at ten to fifteen cents a box, the boxes costing ten cents each.

He has 4,000 pear trees, planted 135 to the acre. They average 480
forty-five pound boxes to the acre, the average price being eighty-five cents.
The 1911 price was $1.20. For 1911 the net income from pears was $576 an
acre. He has apricots which pay him as well as his plums, giving $450 net.

There are vegetables, too. Tomatoes run 700 fifty-pound boxes to the
acre. Selling at from fifty cents to $4 a box, the average net profit being
eighty-five cents. His cucumbers net him $300 an acre, yielding 800 fifty-pound
boxes, selling at forty-five or fifty cents. Field beans paid $105 net in 1910, aver-
aging twenty-eight sacks at four and a half cents a pound.

E. A. Gammon of Courtland cleared $7,500 in 1910—an ordinary year—
from his sixty-acre orchard. His gross receipts were $17,000.

By irrigating, this rancher has increased his production one-third to one-half,
made a longer shipping season, and produced better fruit. His trees are
vigorous and limber; they do not break under their heavy loads.

His forty-five acres of pears in 1911 gave 20,000 boxes of fifty pounds each,
their largest yield. Before he got a pump, Gammon secured 10,000 boxes on
an average; since, he has gotten 16,000 to 17,000 a year.

Irrigation makes a difference with plums, too; those unirrigated that ran
thirty on the top of the box now go twenty-five; those that were twenty-five,
now are sixteen. From twenty-five acres of plums in 1911 he got 7,000 crates
of twenty to twenty-five pounds each.

His string beans, watered, sold for the highest price paid in the San
Francisco market in 1911; half an acre between fruit trees paid over $100, or

11

 
 

4
15]
«
&
%
Be
bd
2
0
:
;
Be
oO
a
%
ui
=
g
Qo
0
©
:
~
3
o .
Pp
%
=
uy
bod
Qo
Qo
or]
Q
®
f+
ix
Q
Z
0
:
n,
Q
a
bd
=
jus}
B
=
E
0
>
0
By
Oo
lo!
mx
<
A
«
7
8
Zz
:
~
Q
<<
0
a
el
o]
Qo
or)
Q
wn
id
Oo
I]
os}
2
jus}
-

 

CORN FLOURISHING BETWEEN YOUNG PEAR TREES. IN YOUNG ORCHARDS THE LAN D DOES DOUBLE SERVICE

$200 an acre besides the fruit. Half an acre of summer squash brought in $30.

He has also several acres of grapes planted between young trees. |

An island ranch of 278 acres is owned by R. J. Goggeshall of Courtland.
In 1911 he got $2,500 an acre from his Gros plums, of which there are 210
trees. There are forty-four Hale Early peach trees; in 1911 they produced
$600 net, their 782 baskets selling at an average of ninety cents. The first
German prunes grown in California are on this ranch. There are apricots, 100;
the best they have ever done in one season was to yield 162 tons at $14 a ton
from fifteen acres, or $151.20 an acre. He grows secondary crops also; in
1910 half an acre between fruit trees returned $18 to $25 net over freight and
commission every week from June 1 to September 1.

Another instance of doubling crops is that of A. B. Humphrey of Mayhews.
Though his land is rich American River bottom-land, he fertilizes; fertilizer
costing $18 a ton is laid on at the rate of 400 pounds to the acre. Between
vines he has thirty-five acres of alfalfa which give five cuttings of one and a
quarter tons each on the average. He also has one and a half acres of corn
between young trees. He has three pumps for irrigating.

Besides his $1,000 and $2,000 an acre plums, peaches and pears, W. J. Smith
of Borden has on his 720-acre ranch on Grand Island 100 acres of beans which
pay him $50 to $100 an acre, some yielding fifty sacks at four and five cents a
pound. He has ten acres of apricots bringing in $200 an acre gross. He has
1,000 cherry trees which give him 10,000 boxes at $1 a box.

On Steamboat Slough, one of the island’s boundaries, he has fifty-three
acres which, in 1910, returned him $14,000 net—that is $264 an acre clear from
each of fifty-three acres. This held a mixed orchard only two-thirds grown,
there being but thirty-five acres in bearing trees.

Since 1898 this rancher has irrigated, his twenty-five horsepower pump,
which cost $3,000, throwing 3,000 gallons a minute from the Sacramento River.
This pump, with a ten-inch pipe, waters 250 acres.

13

 
 

MANY BIG RIVER STEAMERS LIKE THIS ARE NEEDED TO HANDLE THE IMMENSE TRAFFIC OF THE SACRAMENTO

A forty-eight acre mixed orchard, including plums, pears, peaches and
cherries, paid D. H. Osborn of Courtland $6,000 net. The total receipts were
$12,000, half of which went to Japanese renters.

On Sutter Island, C. E. Hustler of Oak Park has a hundred-acre farm. It
is unirrigated, but he is soon to install a pump. In 1911 he got 5,000 fifty-two
pound boxes from 600 pear trees, selling at $1.25 up a box and $60 a ton to
the canners. Eight hundred plum trees in 1910 yielded 4,500 boxes worth thirty
to fifty cents; in 1911, 4,000 boxes worth seventy-five cents.

Without irrigation, six acres of alfalfa gave six cuttings of two tons each—
twelve tons to the acre, worth $8.50 a ton baled. Five acres of potatoes average
him $100 an acre. Fifty acres of beans produced twenty-five sacks each in 1911.

In 1905 he got thirty-five sacks of 196 pounds each. In 1910 he made $53.80
an acre on these beans.

ROADS AND TRANSPORTATION

The plexus of an intricate steam and electric railroad system, Sacramento,
lying in the direct path of traffic north and south as well as east and west, has
unusual transportation facilities. Besides the railroads there are the Sacramento

River, with a heavy traffic, and an extensive system of good county roads.
When the Panama Canal is opened, Sacramento will have a cheap path to
Europe—a water route starting on the river.

This county had the first railroad built in California—the Sacramento Valley
Railroad, from" the capital to Folsom, constructed in 1856. Today over 125
passenger trains reach or leave Sacramento daily.

The capital and the county are connected with the rest of the country directly
by two transcontinental railroad systems—the Southern Pacific and the Western
Pacific—and indirectly by a third, the Atchison, Topeka & Santa Fe.

The main line of the Southern Pacific to the East—the Ogden route—passes

14

 

ROADS
THE WESTERN PACIFIC RAILROAD STATION IN SACRAMENTO. THE CAPITAL IS A PLEXUS OF RAILRO

: ich li from the south to Oregon.
cramento, which lies as well on the route
ii Saetime Pacific system centering here juchides ne fosds » Yossruite
i leans over the Sunse :
National Park; to El Paso and New Orleans oy Second
i he interior; a line connecting wi
line to the south of the state through t r; Te
i i the coast to Oregon; connectio
Northwestern Pacific, now being extended 5p | oast 2
: i i ncisco; and the Ione, Rumsey,
with the Coast Line running south from San Fra ; Rumsey,
i to Southern, a double-trac
Milton and Placerville branches. The Sacramento § ; 3 sas
1 River toward San Francisco, making a sl
road, runs down the Sacramento Joward £0, Thaling 2. Son
i ¢ on a new double-track bridg
cut. The Southern Pacific has spent $750,0C a
i leading into the city and is doing extensive .
ii Warn Deane runs. its main line through Sacramento between San

i nd the East.
oi California Traction Company, an electric road, connects with

miles south. : :
i Tors ye Ji other Slectyic freight ond passenger Joads, The ya. 5
i he bay. e Northern Electric I te ysts
en Hi into 0 Cements Valley. These two lines are jointly building
2 news Hidge ul Suomen. Tahoe, an electric road, is planned to run up the
American River to the Sierras, and the Sacramento-Woodland Hlsectits Raifron
a $1,000,000 corporation, has commenced work. An electric line
ar Fair ‘Oaks and Orangevale with the capital has been planned. ;
pi a head of tide-water, Sacramento is the chief transshipping point on
the a River. On this stream twelve large steamers ply regularly, 9p
in all twenty-five boats connect the capital city with the points above and wit
Ba Francisco, giving both freight and passenger service. SO
The freight tonnage on the Sacramento is 750,000 a year, wort 3, L000.
No other river traffic in the world has such a high value per ton. e reason
is found in the fruit orchards and the fields that produce high-value crops.

15

 
o
0
o
a
oc
2
:
i
a
B
2
>
a
8
E
5
8
E-4
Q
8
2
I~
x
o
8
o
«
z
Zz
8
HH
=
ol
&
-y
a
I
wl
EH
a
S
A
«
2
Hl
=
«|
5
=
wn
a
i
H

ON THE SACRAMENTO RIVER, NEAR THE CAPITAL.

 

Macadamized and oiled roads give Sacramento County a chain of boulevards.
Of the county's 1,200 miles of roads 104 are macadamized as the result of a
bond issue for $825,000 voted in 1908. A new issue of $2,000,000 is contem-
plated. The improvements include several modern bridges, including an
important span over the Sacramento near the city, steel constructed.

California is now mapping out an $18,000,000 road system, part of which

will benefit the county.

RIVERS

Within the county there are sixty miles of rivers, besides many miles of
sloughs and numerous lakes. The American River enters at the northeast and
flows into the Sacramento just north of the city. The Consumnes cuts across
the southern part of the county, flowing into the Mokelumne which with Dry
Creek makes up most of the southern boundary, except for the southwest tip
formed by the San Joaquin River.

The Sacramento River, flowing along the county’s west boundary for ninety
miles, is the largest stream in California, having a drainage basin of 62,000
square miles.

Federal engineers declare the control of the river's flood stages could be
accomplished with comparative ease by the construction of dams at storage
sites which are of unusual number and capacity.

For improving the river, $800,000 is available from the state and the nation.
Adding the cost of rights of way donated for levees, the total is over $1,000,000.
It is proposed to widen the channel for fifteen miles near the mouth, making
it 3,000 feet instead of 700 across. This, accommodating a much greater flow,

will bring immunity from overflow.

IRRIGATION

Many ranchers make money without irrigation, but the number of those who
put water on the land in the dry season is fast increasing. Under certain
conditions irrigation is imperative. Pumping plants and canals will add millions
to the value of the county’s uplands. Today water is adding a big percentage

to the value of production.
Irrigation is of two classes—from canals or ditches, and from pumps. The

latter get their supply from rivers or wells.

Borders and checks are used to put the water on alfalfa; with orchards, the
common system is by furrows. Land must be well drained to assure success.

“I'm making money selling water.” That is the jocose testimony to the
value of irrigation given by E. A. Gammon of Courtland, one of the most
successful ranchers of the delta region. Two hundred dollars a year in pumping
expenses, he declares, has added $5,000 or more to the annual value of his
orchard. His pump helped produce the first cherries shipped from California
in 1911. His water-supply is the Sacramento River at the side of his ranch.
Four years ago he put in a ten-inch pump, throwing 3,000 to 4,000 gallons a
minute—a large plant—run by a twenty-five horsepower gas engine. The yearly
expense is close to $200.

Fair Oaks and Orangevale are irrigated by a separate pipe system.

From the American River the California Corporation, utilizing the project
formerly known as the North Fork Ditch, distributes water through the ditches
and pipes of the American Cafion Water Company. The capacity of this
system is 3,000 miner’s inches. Ditches carry the water from the source to
Folsom: thence pipes are used. There are forty-one miles of ditches and
twenty-eight of pipes. This service waters 6,000 acres; negotiations are under
way to make the total 40,000 acres.

17

 
 m——r—a

A

The Consumnes River gives the supply to the Consumnes Irrigation Company
which has twenty-five miles of ditches with a capacity of 2,000 miner’s inches,
serving 2,500 acres.

The entire county has a good underground supply of water, surface-water
generally being found at from ten to twenty feet. The walls vary in depth, for
the most part, between sixty and 125 feet. The water is soft and frequently
comes to the surface warm, an advantage to tender plants.

Figuring the well at a hundred feet—a generous depth—a three-inch outfit,
complete, can be had in the neighborhood of $400 or $500. A five-inch pump,
throwing 750 gallons a minute at capacity, costs between $750 and $1,000; a
seven-inch plant, from $1,000 to $1,500. No hard and fast estimates can be
given without knowledge of the individual conditions.

CLIMATE

Most of the farming in Sacramento County is done in the winter. With a
growing season twice as long as that prevailing in the East, two crops a year are
common ; the climate gives the equivalent of two acres on one. ;

Latitude is no factor in California’s climate—the altitude gives the key.

Here there are but two seasons: the rainy and the dry. The former covers
the winter months: In the summer the thermometer goes up to a respectable
figure, but the heat is not ‘oppressive, it is a dry heat. This is the season that
calls for irrigation, but it is the season that grows things.

The figures for Sacramento city apply to the entire county, there being little
difference between the plains and the foothills, though the latter at places are
somewhat cooler. These foothills embrace the great citrus region generally
designed as a thermal belt. ;

The complete climatological record for 1910 and 1911 at Sacramento, with a
official elevation of seventy-one feet, reads:

 

Temperature, degrees Fahrenheit | Precipitation, inches Sky

Year Rainy

 

 

Annual
mean Highest Lowest for year snowfall days |cloudy

Total Total days Clear Partly Cloudy
ays

days

 

1910 59.6 103 28

: 9 0 46 230 63 72
1911 58.4 100 30 21.11 0

53 255 56 54

 

 

 

 

 

 

Sacramento has an average of 238 clear days a year. Eighty-two of those
238 fall in the wet season.

The number of rainy days a year is thirty-three, and of these sixteen have
less than one-tenth of an inch precipitation. Contrast Sacramento’s thirty-three
rainy days with these records: Chicago, 126; St. Louis, 115; New York, 132;
Washington, 126; Tampa, 123; New Orleans, 128; Kansas City, 104.

December and the first three months of the year have an average combined
rainfall of 13.51 inches, or sixty-six per cent. of the total. December has nine
rainy days; January, ten; February, eight; March, nine.

An average table of the hours of sunshine monthly reads: Sacramento, 287
hours; Chicago, 218; St. Louis, 227; St. Paul, 206; New York, 209;
Washington, 212; New Orleans, 198; Kansas city, 212; Tampa, 235.

Precipitation data for thirty-three years at Sacramento, from government
reports, read:

 

MEAN

 

MEAN (Inches)

| 5 ANNUAL

 

ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM (In.)...
ABSOLUTE MINIMUM (In.) we b gl 0) 0 1010

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

18

~ November 54 64 i 43

 

There are on an average but fifteen and four-tenth days a year on which
the temperature reaches ninety-five degrees, and five and one-half on which it
reaches 100. :

Here is the federal tabulation on temperatures, for thirty-three years:

 

Average Average
Mean Absolute Mean Absolute number number
of the maximum of the maximum | of days of days

maxima maxima 90 degrees | 32 de

or above or below

 

47 54 69 40 24
46 52 ; 72 39 19
50 58 76 42 21

47 55 os 40 .
54 63 80 , 46 29

58 68 48 35°
64 75 52 39

59 69 Sa 49
70 83 56 44
74 89 58 47
73 89 58 48
Summer mean, . . 72 87 Ag 57

tember 70 84 56
Septem : 62 74 98 50

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Fall mean . ..... 62 “4 a 50
Annual mean 60 71 - 49

wi l=| =o |0|0CO | COCO || =

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

The same records show the highest temperature ever recorded to be 110,
reached July 8, 1905, and the lowest nineteen degrees, on January 15, 1888.

The period of frosts lasts but three months. The figures for a third of a
century show the average date of the first killing frost in the fall to be November
15, and of the last in the spring, February 16. The earliest recorded was on
October 28, and the latest on April 26. Xo

Though on the same latitude as Baltimore, the city is sixteen degrees warmer
in winter and one degree cooler in summer.

Take these figures and compare them with the Sacramento record, making
due allowance for the difference in humidity, greatly in favor of Sacramento:
the average daily maximum for June, July and August is in New Orleans,
eighty-eight degrees; Cairo, Ill, eighty-five; St. Louis, eighty-six; Cincinnati,
eighty-four; New York, eighty; Chicago, seventy-seven. ;

More interesting is the contrast with Italian figures. This table shows the
averages in California’s capital, Rome, and on the Riviera:

 

Mean Mean Mean Mean Mean
winter spring summer fall yearly
temperature | temperature | temperature | temperature | temperature

 

 

 

 

 

 

The cause for the lack of oppressiveness in Sacramento’s heat is found in these
comparisons of the percentage of humidity in summer: Sacramento, sixty;
Chicago, seventy-two; New York, seventy-four ; Washington, seventy-five ; New
Orleans, seventy-eight; Tampa, Fla., eighty-two; St. Paul, sixty-eight. Those
figures show why ninety degrees in Sacramento does not mean what it does in
New York or Chicago. in

The average number of foggy days annually is eighteen. The fog seldom
outlasts the morning.

Electrical storms, tornadoes, hail and the other plagues from the sky are
known to Sacramentans only through despatches from the East.

19

 
 

?

=
x
Q
k
=
<
i
=
0
=)
M
wo
| a
B=
Q
&
&
4
<<
5
1]
8
2
:
0
2
Oo
53]
0
g
©
4
oO
Pi
«
=
IH
0
=
=
©
a
:
<
0
Q
&
0
Zz
lm
0
M
-
«
=]
;
=
:
Bu
o
2
wn
8
<
P»
I»
4
g
0
Zz
0
<<
#4
0
=
HH
oF
g
By
Pi
=
pl
Z
M4
=
é

 

The winds that funnel through the Golden Gate are carried to Sacramento
along the Sacramento River, tempering the climate. The prevailing winds are
from the southeast, with an average velocity of eight miles. They infrequently
blow hard; the greatest velocity recorded was sixty-five miles, on March 10,
1904. At times a hot wind blows from the north.

SOIL

Sacramento County has five main types of soil, tule, delta, bottom, bench and
foothill. Each is admirably adapted to special uses. In all the county there is
scarcely a handful of alkali, and there are no large useless tracts. The average
throughout is unusually high.

Delta land, an alluvial deposit, is newer soil than the bottom-land, either
first or second.

The bottom-lands are scarcely less rich, and are planted extensively to fruit
trees and alfalfa.

The type designated bench land lies just above the rivers on the plains. Fof
the most part it is a red, sandy loam, with clay in spots and a little adobe.
Holding the moisture, the clay is beneficial if the percentage of it is not too
great. Soil with clay is especially adapted to grapes.

The foothill lands are also, in the main, loam, generally having the red tint
that betrays the soil’s strength. There is no resemblance between this ruddy
land and the worthless red earth found in some parts of the East.

The tule lands are those overflowed because not protected by levees. They
are of a peat formation with clay present. Beans and potatoes are the principal
crops they yield, being planted after the high water recedes in the spring.

This country, when it was the bed of an inland sea, received the washings
from the mountains, in that manner a remarkably fecund soil was built up.
Along the rivers mica is plentiful. :

Some of the land, especially that tired out by years of unscientific wheat
farming, needs fertilizing. Irrigation is all that is required on most of this
land. In the county there is practically no alkali that cannot be drained off.

All lands must be handled intelligently. Treated in the right way, any in
Sacramento County will give excellent results.

Much valuable assistance is rendered direct to farmers by the Agricultural
Department of the University of California. One of the secrets of successful
agriculture in California is to plant the crop best adapted to the soil worked.

The United States Department of Agriculture i$ expending much money in
experimental and other work in the Sacramento Valley.

LAND PRICES

Too many factors enter into the price of land to permit more than a
suggestion to be given. In the county there is much land, on the plains and
in the foothills, to be had at $40 or $50 an acre. Good foothill land near
Folsom is held at $75. Throughout the county the prices in general run between
$100 and $250. Near Sacramento plains lands and some second bottom go for
$250 to $500. Land planted to olives or oranges in the Fair Oaks region and
elsewhere is held as high as $1,000. Practically none of the county’s richest
land, particularly in the delta region, is on the market. In the Consumnes
Valley bottom-land is worth $300 or $400; it is sold with upland around $100.

Anything will grow in California, but all the state’s acres are not on the
same level. As much care should be exercised in ‘buying in the West as in
the East,

2

 
 

 

THIS IS AN EXCELLENT FRUIT TO GROW WITHOUT IRRIGATION. THOUGH EXACTING, ITS DEMANDS ARE MET BY THIS REGION

AN ALMOND ORCHARD IN FULL BLOOM.

 

THE DECIDUOUS FRUITS

Excluding the ranches that pay net $1,000 an acre, the scale of profits in
the county is high. With most fruits a safe minimum is $100 an acre.

The three essentials for success—climate, soil and water—are here.

Fruit—fresh, dried and canned—represents to the county $6,000,000 a year.

The assessment figures of 1910 showed 1,065,950 fruit and nut trees in the
county, of which 948,550 were in full bearing. Of these, 65,500 were oranges,
6,500 lemons, and 98,650 nut trees. The latter were headed by the almond, with
80,000 trees. The increase since these figures were compiled has been heavy.

Of the deciduous fruits the chief was the pear, followed numerically by the
peach, the plum, the prune, the apricot, the cherry, the olive, the apple, the fig
and the nectarine, with 13,000 trees in the miscellaneous column.

The eight nurseries in the county are busy, for the spring of 1911 saw
145,000 new trees set out, according to County Horticultural Commissioner
F. R. M. Bloomer. Of these 50,000 were Bartlett pears, 25,000 almonds, 20,000
plums, 15,000 prunes, 15,000 peaches, 10,000 oranges, 5,000 cherries, and 5,000
figs and unclassified. Last season’s plantings were as heavy.

The canneries of Sacramento County are operated during a longer period
each year than those of any other section in America. The plants of the
California Fruit Canners’ Association and the Central California Canneries make
a big market in themselves. The cannery output is worth almost $2,750,000 a
year, and of this, fruit alone represents nearly $1,000,000.

The dry atmosphere makes the county especially adapted to the drying of
fruits. Many ranchers do this work themselves, while others, not so numerous,
turn the fruit over to specialists in drying. Besides raisins, there are dried in
large quantities apples, apricots, figs, nectarines, pears, peaches, plums and prunes.

In this climate fruit trees begin to bear comparatively early, and many mature
before the period usual elsewhere. The orchard can be made productive while
waiting for the trees to come into bearing, however, by crops between the rows.

Pears

The pear is the county’s chief fruit. Great as is the acreage—there are
400,000 trees—it will be doubled in about seven years if the present rate of
increase is kept up; there were 50,000 new trees set out last season.

Sacramento’s pears are the first to reach the market. The favorite variety
is the Bartlett. Those grown here are undoubtedly the best summer pears
grown anywhere. Ripening in August, the Bartlett is used for the fresh market,
for canning and for drying, as are most of the other forty varieties represented.

Here the pear has all the conditions it needs. Bearing well as early as five
years, the tree lives to fifty years or more. There are in the county trees sixty
years old, each producing fifteen and twenty boxes a year.

The profits from matured orchards are seldom under $100 an acre, and the
average is higher than that.

The biggest returns are in the islands and the bottom-land ranches of the
various rivers. For instance, E. H. Bryan of Courtland has four acres in the
Pierson District which in 1910 returned $2,700. The seventy-five-acre orchard
of the Hollister Estate near Courtland brings in $300 to $500 an acre; in 1910
one tree produced $14.50.

The 1911 crop of W. J. Smith Borden is 1,000 boxes to the acre, worth $2
a box, from five acres. He has secured 1,500 boxes an acre, selling at $1.80.
In 1910 this grower got $40 a ton, against $60 for 1911.

Pears brought nearly $1,750,000 into the county in 1910, a typical year, the
fresh production (22,000,000 pounds) being worth $1,500,000; the dried
(400,000 pounds), $16,500 and the 7,000 cases canned, $225,000.

23

 
A —— a ——

 

SACRAMENTO COUNTY’

A PRUNE ORCHARD.

i
wl
©
i
=
wn
=
5
=
<
=
B
0
&
a
us
4
E
2
P
©
:
3
~
g
2
:
2
:
m
2
i
z
Jur
:
:
b
g
Ba
:
2
E
Z
=
g
0
:
Bi
wn

 

Prunes and Plums

The prune is second in importance among California’s fruit trees. Prunes
and plums together are the second most important fruit of Sacramento County,
there being in 1910 a total of 112,000 plum trees and 74,500 prune trees. The
acreage is growing rapidly ; the 1911 planting was 20,000 plum trees and 15,000
prune trees, and the planting in 1912 was approximately the same. Maturity
is reached here at five years.

In 1910 the production was: Fresh plums, 8,100,000 pounds, $125,000;
prunes, 6,250,000 pounds, $100,000; dried plums, 1,400,000 pounds, $85,000;
dried prunes, 1,250,000 pounds, $40,000; canned, 25,000 cases of plums, $55,000.

The returns an acre throughout the county are from $75 up.

In the delta country and on the other river bottoms the maximum returns
are startling. W. J. Smith of Borden on his Grand Island ranch in 1911 got
$1,000 an acre from his Gros prunes and as much from the Tragedies. The
German, an irregular bearer, gave $1,000 an acre. That was the ranch’s average
in those varieties; some land paid $2,000 an acre. Canning plums yielded
twenty tons to the acre, and some twice that, worth $40 a ton. The Gros
variety were worth $1.50 a crate. Individual trees paid $20.

To leave the river, Harry Thorp of Orangevale has ten acres of prunes
which yield between twenty and twenty-five tons. William Calder also has ten
acres at Orangevale, giving the same average. One crop carefully weighed,
that of 1907, was 42,442 pounds dried, sold at three and seven-eighths cents,
bringing in $2,023.12. The net profit was $1,600, or $160 an acre. The highest
price this grower has secured of late years was four and seven-eighths cents.
This average has been a three-cent base, that is, three cents a pound for prunes
of the eighty class—weighing eighty to the pound. His average size is sixty.

On the rich bottom-lands near Consumnes, Walter S. Grimshaw has forty
acres of French prunes twenty years old. His is a typical river orchard.
Without sand, sub-irrigated, it is irrigated only in winter. Grimshaw pruned
his trees for the first time in fifteen years in 1910. They are planted twenty
by twenty feet—too close, says the owner, who favors thirty by thirty. In 1911
the yield above the average was 140 tons dried or 260 tons green, worth $125
a ton gross. In 1904 he got 147,800 pounds of dried prunes from twenty-six
acres, sold on a one-and-three-eighths basis. Averaging forty-six to the pound,
they returned $4,530. In 1905 thirty acres gave 97,600 pounds dry, worth $2,713
on a two-cent basis. In 1906 the thirty acres returned $5,120.52; in 1907
$7,819.89. The 1908 basis was three and three-eighths, the yield 69,355 pounds,
the returns $3,165. In 1909 there were thirty-four acres bearing, which pro-
duced 242,173 pounds worth $7,775.17 on a two and one-quarter base. In 1910
forty acres were in, giving 58,646 pounds on a three and seven-eighths basis,
worth $3,193.45. For ten years the average size of this orchard has been fifty;
in some years the whole crop has averaged forty-three. The expense per ton
was only $12 in 1904. In 1905 it was $16 a ton sacked and delivered at
Sacramento. It averages $20 to $25 a ton, excluding these lowest years. This
includes plowing, harrowing and smoothing. Picking costs seven cents a box.

Peaches

The profit in Sacramento County peaches may be equaled by other fruits but
is hardly surpassed. Yielding at three years, this fruit, the most important in
California, pays from $100 an acre up to the grower.

More peaches are dried in the county than any other fruit, in 1910 the dried
product being 2,100,000 pounds. There were 10,000 cases canned, and the fresh
production was 7,500 tons. There were in all 173,000 trees, to which 15,000
were added in the spring of 1911.

25

SI

 
g
Q
wv
ol
ol
=
By
©
=
0
P
KR
m
m
=»
Q
~
®
>
ot
oO
0
=
Ay
«
4
Q
B=
uel
B
Qa
Z
«
-
®
Z
=)
+4
QO
Eee
7
Reo
8
wf
©
wn
«
Jus
0
pr
Hd
wn)
«
Eee
Ra
=
Z
Q
p-
Eo
wn
a
Z
Q
=
-
«
=
Jost
~

AN ALMOND ORCHARD WITH VINES BETWEEN THE ROWS.

 

S. C. Blanchard, of Fair Oaks, in 1910 made $200 from two acres, and George
E. King of the same place did better. On the latter's ranch fifty-four trees
produced a crop bringing $98; in 1909 the same trees yielded five and a half tons,
selling for $108. Moreover, this fruit brought $5 a ton above the average price.

That is in the foothills; what the delta rancher can do is illustrated by the
returns of W. J. Smith of Borden. He grows fruit so big that a twenty-four-
pound or twenty-five-pound basket holds only twenty-three or twenty-four
peaches. He has forty acres of several varieties which brought in $300 to $500
an acre in the 1911 season. :

The varieties doing best here, as elsewhere in the county, include the Early
Hale, the St. John, the Early Crawford, the Muir, the Orange Cling, the Tuscan
Cling, the Phillips Cling, the Salway Cling and the Salway Freestone. The
yields average from ten to twenty tons to the acre.

The best this land can do was shown by Smith’s crop of 1903, when seven
acres of canning peaches returned $7,000, and the St. Johns made $2,000 an acre.
The seven acres yielded 8,000 fifty-five-pound boxes, each box netting seventy-
five cents or more. This was the biggest peach crop ever secured in California.

Apricots

It is only in California that the apricot is a pronounced success, and no fruit
grown in the United States is better for size, flavor or productiveness than the
Sacramento County apricot. The expenses of production are comparatively
slight, and the risk of failure is reduced to a minimum here.

The apricot is grown within the county both in the foothills and on the plains.
The interest it is attracting is indicated by the percentage of non-productive trees
compared with those that had reached maturity in 1910; of the 60,000 trees in
the county, one-third were not yet producers. There is no danger of over-
production, however. In 1910 the price was seven and a half to eight cents
a pound, against fourteen and fifteen cents for 1911.

Not only is the apricot an unusually good shipper, but it is in the first rank
for canning and drying. In the 1910 season there were 28,000 cases canned,
besides the dry shipments of 242,000 pounds and the fresh of 2,200,000.

Seventy-five dollars and $150 mark the ordinary range of the returns an acre.
On the whole, the profits are about the same as with plums. Selling at the 1910
price, about $20 a ton, some of the delta growers made $200 an acre gross, and
others $450. The fruit is shipped in sixty-pound boxes to the canners, but for
fresh shipments in twenty-pounds crates.

Cherries

The first cherries to reach any American market in 1911 were grown in
Sacramento County. E. A. Gammon of Courtland made the first shipment from
California, selling in eight markets before other regions were competing. One
box, the first, was auctioned off in New York, bringing $100. The two acres of
cherries on the Gammon ranch, first bottom-land, returned $3,500 in 1911.

Sacramento made the first carload shipment from the state on May 10, 1911.
This car brought $3,600 in New York, averaging $3.10 a box. A car sold in
Chicago, May 22, brought $5,500. The record for a car of cherries was made
in New York on May 26, the shipment bringing $6,334. Early returns raise the
Sacramento cherry grower’s receipts for the season. Throughout the season the
Eastern price is between $1 and $1.50 a box.

As a whole, the profits on cherries, the season’s first fruit, are high and the
production could be doubled without decreasing prices. Aside from the
phenomenal ranches, cherry land is worth between $100 and $250 an acre a year,
the general average probably being above $150.

27

 
THE DEMAND IS INCREASING RAPIDLY

a
QO
Z
<
I
0
Zz
Lal
=
Z
<
=
Z
[=]
of
fb
b
=
on
Aa
Z
<
eo
bd
By
Qo
x
IH
=
~
Q
<
Zz
«
Q
O
a
>
0
4
«
Ay
3
ro.
FB
0
py
Jur}
b
a
g
ot
od
Oo
Zi
Q
-

AN OLIVE GROVE IN THE FOOTHILLS.

 

Sacramento County has all that the cherry needs. The red lands, rich in iron,
are well adapted to this fruit, both on the plains and in the foothills.

The cherry acreage is increasing fast; there were 40,000 trees in 1910,
35,000 of them bearing, and last spring 5,000 more were set out. The 1910
production was assessed at 225,500 pounds ($16,600), the canners turning out
16,000 cases, worth $50,000.

One five-acre orchard at Fair Oaks, belonging to Barnhusel Brothers, in one
year paid net $1,350, or $270 an acre.

S. C. Blanchard is a Fair Oaks grower who keeps track of his trees. In 1911
he got 1,015 ten-pound boxes from 500 trees. His irrigation, using the water
system of the Fair Oaks colony, cost $3 an acre. Picking cost one and seven-
tenths cents a pound ; packing twelve and a half cents a box, and the boxes twelve
and a half cents each. These trees have been paying $2,000 a year; the 1911 crop

was below par, but brought $775.64.

Olives

Sacramento County has some of the best olive lands in the world. Long-lived
and paying from $75 to $200 an acre net, the olive is increasing in importance.

The yield is from two to six tons to the acre. At times the price is $100 a ton.
Some growers contract for several years at $40 to $60. In the Fair Oaks region
one of the chief olive producer’s pickle olives bring $60, $80 and $100. There is
an oil mill here paying the highest price in all California for oil olives, $40. Ten
or fifteen per cent of the total acreage is planted to the oil varieties.

The importance of the oil output is on the rise. In 1910, when the county’s
acreage was, roughly, 300, there were manufactured 5,000 gallons.

The green olive is a relish. The ripe olive is a staple. The market for the
latter has been greatly enlarged by improvements in pickling processes.

“The culture of the olive for commercial purposes forms an industry that,
with proper protection, should be regarded as one of the safest in California,”
says a report of the State Board of Horticulture.

It is one of the state’s oldest fruits, having been introduced by the Franciscans
in 1769. It thrives in a greater diversity of soils and locations than most other
trees, but needs an invariable climate, a temperature of twenty-six degrees being
fatal to the fruit and fourteen degrees to the tree. This fruit needs a mean
ee of fifty-seven degrees; Sacramento’s is sixty.

welve hundred dollars gross from six acres of olives are the returns given
by Barnhusel Brothers at Fair Oaks. The expenses were $350, leaving $850 net,

or $141 an acre.
S. C. Blanchard of the same place in 1911 got fourteen tons from seven acres,

sold for oil at $40 a ton.
Alexander Craig, a Folsom grower, nets $125 an acre from four acres twelve

years old. He estimates his land to be worth $500 an acre as it stands.

Apples

The apple is one of the less important fruits of the county. The production
is confined to the bottom-lands along the rivers and the varieties are mostly early.
Sacramento apples are famous for size, color, flavor, and shipping and keeping
qualities. They net from $75 to $250 or $300 an acre.

The Sacramento County product is for the most part carefully graded and
shipped. Canneries take a good proportion of the crop; in 1910 there were
turned out 12,500 cases, besides the 60,500 pounds dried and fresh shipments
of 403,000 pounds.

On the ranch of R. J. Coggeshall of Courtland, one of the delta land farms,
there are fifty-five apple trees which were planted in 1853 after they had been

29

 
 

 

brought around the Horn. In 1910 these produced 200 sixty-pound boxes, making
the receipts, at seventy-five cents a box (an average price), $150. The 1911 price
was $1.50. Besides these, there are on the ranch 200 other trees planted fifty to
the acre. In one year these returned $6,000.

Less Important Fruits

California is rapidly coming to the front in the production of figs which nowhere
do better than in Sacramento County. Producing from $100 to $250 or more an
acre in orchard form, they are also profitable in the avenues around the sides of
vineyards, bringing about $1 to $1.50 a tree net, and frequently paying for the
care of the vineyard. In 1910 there were 4,500 trees in the county. The fresh
fig production (150,000 pounds) was valued at $5,500, and the dried (85,000)
at $4,250. Figs are also canned and preserved. One yield that can be cited as
fair was four and a half tons dry to the acre, making $235 net an acre.

Tenth important of the county’s deciduous fruits is the nectarine, the smooth-
skinned peach which caters principally to the fancy market. Reaching its:
perfection here, it pays $100 to $300 an acre. Ripening from July to September,
it is a better shipper than the peach ; some shipments have been made to England.
The county has 1,450 trees. The 1910 yield is put at 25,000 pounds fresh, worth
$1,200, and 5,000 pounds dried.

The quince does well on damp ground or when irrigated and merits more
attention; there are 1,350 trees. The pomegranate is also practicable though little
grown. The market for the persimmon warrants a greater acreage, the present
production being 2,000 pounds a year.

Nuts

The net profits on nuts an acre run between $75 and $400. California
produces most of America’s walnuts and has practically a monopoly on almonds
because of the climate.

The almond producing area is restricted, and this tree is the best fruit to grow
without irrigation. A deep, warm soil is needed, and several varieties should be
planted to insure pollenizing.

Though blooming early and susceptible to frost, the almond is a great success
in Sacramento County.

Good trees produce thirty to sixty pounds, and the harvest lasts from the mid-
dle of August to November. :

E. A. Junior of Antelope has thirty-five acres of almonds, planted ninety to
the acre, all paper or soft shells. In 1910 there were 800 trees seventeen years
old, the rest eight. In 1908 the old trees paid $100 an acre, the price being nine
and a half cents a pound. In 1910 the Drakes brought ten cents a pound, and
others twelve to fourteen. They paid in ali $3,100. The price has been rising
steadily for five years; in 1911 this grower got sixteen and a half cents to eighteen
and a half. He does not irrigate ; his expenses till harvested being $5 an acre. It
costs him one and a half to two cents a pound to knock the nuts and one cent a
pound to hull. The latter costs less if the grower owns his machine.

The almond is the chief of the nuts, in 1910 there being 80,000 trees. The
planting of the spring of 1911 alone added 25,000.

The annual value of the almond crop (1,000,000 pounds dried) is $100,000
in round numbers.

George E. King of Fair Oaks has three English walnut trees which returned
$24 in 1910. Mrs. M. A. Powell of Elk Grove has seventy planted in red sandy
loam which have made these returns: 1905, $155; 1906, $235; 1907, $370. In
the last year the trees were five and seven years from the graft, and were neither
cultivated nor irrigated. :

31

 
SACRAMENTO COUNTY’S ORANGES ARE AMONG THE FIRST TO REACH THE MARKETS, RIPENING IN OCTOBER

CITRUS FRUITS

The first oranges to reach the American markets come from the Sacramento
Valley. A slightly warmer summer ripens Sacramento County oranges from
three to six weeks before those of Florida, or the other big citrus regions of
California. Carload shipments to the Fast begin usually about October 1, and
northern California growers have a monopoly of the Thanksgiving trade and
much of the Christmas trade. The Sacramento product is of the first quality. In
twenty years it has not been damaged by frost, and the absence of fogs keeps out
many insect pests. The red and the black scale, for instance, are practically
unknown.

“The foliage of our groves always presents a brighter green and a cleaner
face than is found even in the more southern belt of our section,” Professor
Elmore Chase of Fair Oaks told the Thirty-sixth Fruit Growers’ Convention of
California. Of the fruit, he said: “In quality, both of flavor and sugar content
there is nothing more to be desired.”
The industry here is on a business and scientific basis. The necessity of
irrigation has long been realized, and the Sacramento grower constantly cultivates
eep.

The profits depend largely on the owner. A conservative average would show
the net returns an acre to be between $175 and $250 a year.

The citrus industry is no novelty here. The commercial acreage has been
increasing rapidly since 1883.

The principal variety is the Washington navel, though the Valencia is also
grown, largely to supply the market when the navels are not producing. Medi-
terranean Sweets are probably third in popularity.

The orange requires first-class soil, careful attention, and irrigation, but jt
pays for the trouble. For one thing, it is longer lived than any other fruit tree
except the olive. It is also the most prolific bearer, the fruit frequently out-

32

LEMONS ARE ANOTHER CITRUS MONEY-MAKER. THE ANNUAL VALUE OF THE COUNTY'S CROP IS $100,000

weighing the tree's wood, foliage and roots. It has great vitality when grown,
withstanding much neglect, though more tender than many other fruits when
young.

One Fair Oaks grove of six acres, that of J. B. Crofts, now fourteen years
old, yields on an average six and a third tons an acre. This land is valued at
$1,000 an acre.

An orchard of two and one-eighth acres—approximately 250 trees—has been
paying six per cent. on $10,000. This is the property of George Straith of Fair
Oaks who has received over $700 a year for three years, the grove being eleven
years old. It is not composed entirely of oranges, however, there being twenty-
eight olive trees. Being part of an orange grove, the figures on the latter are of
interest here: In 1910 the twenty-eight trees produced thirty-one boxes, or 869
pounds, sold at four and five cents, bringing in $41.59, besides seventy-two
pounds, sold for oil at $40 a ton, $1.44. From trees of both kinds $612.96 was
received from the packing-house. Other sales and home consumption added
$100 to the total.

Eleven and a half tons of oranges from a hundred trees was the yield in 1910
of Niels Munson of Fair Oaks. Sold at $30, the crop brought $345. D. D.
Dickson of the same place got 1,700 boxes, or fifty-nine and a half tons, from 540
trees. Four and a half acres ten and eleven years old brought N. J. Smith $1,435.

Barnhusel Brothers also have ten acres near Fair Oaks. The orange growers’
expenses are indicated by their deduction, $200, for the care of ten acres which
produced $1,800 gross, leaving $160 an acre net.

One grower near Folsom is Alexander Craig, whose ten-acre grove is twelve
years old. Irrigated by gravity, the land is valued at about $750 an acre. It is
producing $160 an acre net.

Ten thousand orange trees were set out in 1911, and as many more in 1912.
The tree census for 1910 showed 65,500 orange trees in all, of which 60,000
were in full bearing. There were one-tenth as many lemon trees in the same

33

 
THE LARGEST TOKAY VINEYARD IN THE WORLD IS NEAR SACRAMENTO. THIS GRAPE PAYS BIG PROFITS
34

 

ALMONDS BUILT THIS BUNGALOW. IT IS THE KIND OF FARM HOUSE SACRAMENTO ORCHARDISTS OWN

proportion of bearing and non-bearing. The shipments of oranges were con-

servatively estimated at 45,800 boxes; of lemons, 24,000 boxes; of limes, 6,500
boxes, and of grapefruit, 5,300.

Navel oranges weigh on an average seventy-pounds net to the box, and they
return the grower about $1 to $1.15 a box over expenses after shipping and
marketing, using the figures of recent years.

Citrus culture in Sacramento County is not only a branch of agriculture but
a matter of investment. Many of the groves are owned hy retired business or
professional men.

A full-bearing grove can be bought sometimes as low as $500 or $750 an acre,
usually at $1,000, and in some instances the price is $2,000 an acre.

It is not necessary to buy a producing grove, however. Bare land for oranges
is to be had at as low as $100 in some places, and excellent sites are available at
$250 or $300 an acre.

The first year the expenses—cultivating, planting and irrigating—will average
around $50, the expenses in subsequent years being from $20 to $200 an acre.
No definite scale of expenses can be made, though, much depending on the
individual conditions. In general, returns sufficient to pay expenses can be
expected from the trees in their third or fourth year. The production in the
fourth year is about a box to the tree; in the fifth, fifty to 100 per cent. more.

The pomelo or grapefruit, with which profits are much the same as with
oranges, has come into such favor in the last ten years that the demand is
greater than the supply.

Sacramento County grapefruit has twice been acknowledged the finest grown
in California. George E. King, a Fair Oaks grower, took the gold medal for the
best pomelo exhibit at the State Fair of 1910 and at the Oakland Auxiliary Fair
of 1909. He has about 200 grapefruit trees, now producing $400 a season net.

The upkeep of a lemon grove is somewhat higher than that of an orange
grove, ranging from $75 to $200 an acre. An ordinary yield at ten years is six

35

 
THE OUTPUT HAS A REPUTATION FOR QUALITY

2)
By
«
&
Oo
wn
2
oO
=
A
Fx
wn)
fy
us|
[3]
By
©
~
=
I
Z
I
Q
Q
Zz
0
j=}
Q
o
4
A
A
=
Ee
«
_
m
=
rl
=
Q
wn
Q
=
=
ool
w
Zz
et
<
EB
Z.
Qo
Q
>
:
Q
Q
wn
pt
i
[3]
7
=
A
«
~
oO
>
«
Md
©
H
=
=
5

HI.
NS ON 3
ee fl ie 4

SHIPPING FLAME TOKAY TABLE GRAPES IN THE REFRIGERATOR CARS OF THE PACIFIC FRUIT EXPRESS

tons to the acre; with the best of care, twice that. A twelve-ton carload returns
from $400 to $1,000 f£. o. b.

The lemon has long been established in Sacramento County, the value of the
production in 1910 being close to $100,000.

The lime, though a bush, is sometimes budded on the orange. It is more
susceptible to frost than the lemon.

GRAPES

Sacramento County grapes and wines have an established reputation. Viti-
culture is one of the most important of the industries, table, wine and raisin grapes
being raised in all parts of the county.

On table grapes the profits as a rule are from $100 to $500 an acre. With
other varieties the average minimum is nearer, but seldom below, $75.

As with orchards many growers use the space between the rows for secondary
crops, frequently continuing this after the grapes begin to bear.

Irrigation can be counted on to double the production of grapes.

There are in all over 20,000 acres of vineyard.

The figures for 1910 show the fresh shipments to be 28,000,000 pounds, while
23,000 cases of grapes were canned and 500,000 pounds of raisins were dried.

There are ten wineries and distilleries in the county. The port and sherry
produced here are especially well known. The oldest winery in the State is at
Sacramento, while other large plants are at Elk Grove and Franklin. In 1910
the production was: dry wines, 400,000 gallons; sweet wines, 200,000; brandy,
10,000; grape juice, 5,000. The total value was nearly $500,000.

The Thompson Seedless and the Seedless Sultana are the chief raisin grapes.
They are also shipped fresh. The 1910 price, about the average, was $12 a ton.
The vine bears heavily.

37

 
[+7
=
>
Rm
0
<
2
oO
Z
-
B
2
0
«
Qo
A
Q
5
~
RB
=
Py
L
2
:
wu
A
Qo
i
g
&
Ry
g
A
us
H
lal
2
A
bd
Hl
by
[
|”
Py
®
mo
2
oO
Q
©
~
:
<
4
Q
<
0
«
Z
i
:
0
®
Je
~
<
jos}
A
B®)
Zz
~
M0
2
Q
Q
I
0
4
Q
Ho
>
i
0

A TWENTY-

 

The largest Tokay vineyard in the world is near Sacramento. With this fancy
grape the profits are less steady but average high.

Florin is probably the best known Tokay grape producing center in the United
States, the product of this region being famous for quality and color and high
sugar content.

James Tootell, a Florin shipper, in 1910 got the first Tokays on the New York
market, the shipment bringing $4.80 a crate; each crate holds about twenty-six
or twenty-seven pounds. His yield is from three to four and a half tons to the
acre. In 1910 his net profit through the season was $1 a crate. This, however,
was exceptionally good.

Besides the flaming Tokay, the most popular and profitable fresh grapes
grown are the Emperor, the Malaga, the Almeira and the Black Morocco.

Seventeen acres of mixed grapes, mostly Tokay but including Muscat Black
Morocco, Zinfandel and Burgundy, averaged in all six tons to the acre at Orange-
vale. This vineyard is owned by William Calder. Shipping table grapes in
thirty-two-pound crates, principally to the East, in 1910 he got from $1 to $2.65
a crate, the average being $1.50 to $1.75. At $1.75, the net profit was sixty-five
cents.

For five years the price of wine grapes has averaged $12 a ton. The lowest
price in that period was $7. The 1911 quotation was $15.

At Florin is the California vineyard with 1,100 irrigated acres of vines now
three to six years old. The average production of these young vines in 1910
was $75 an acre.

From 500 acres six years old 100 carloads were shipped.

An unirrigated vineyard is that of P. M. Robinson of Mayhews. Twenty
acres of wine grapes, on land worth $250 an acre, at seven years old yield five
tons to the acre. Eighty acres of nine-year-old table grapes, on land worth
$300, yield 300 crates, worth $90, an acre.

A Franklin vineyard, owned by John F. Stephenson, embraces eight acres of
Mission grapes nine years old. The 1910 yield was two and a half tons to the
acre. The cultivating expenses in that year were $6 a ton. In 1909 the yield
being heavier, they were $5 a ton. In the latter year, after everything was paid—
help, taxes, shipping included—the profit was $8.83 net per ton.

Another vineyard at Franklin, August Kloss’s, is on clay subsoil which keeps
the moisture. Here twenty-six acres of Missions six and seven years old yielded
four and five tons to the acre in 1910. They brought $13 to $15 a ton then,

against $9 and $10 for some years before.

BERRIES

Berries of all kinds constitute one of the most profitable crops in the county
which, with several thousand acres, is one of the chief berry-producing regions
of California. Strawberries are marketed in Sacramento County eleven months
in the year. Strawberries are by far the most important; the 1910 crop consisted
of 15,000,000 pounds, valued at $250,000. Blackberries, grown mostly on small
holdings, formed a crop of 100,000 pounds, valued at $5,000. Currants and
gooseberries are also important.

There were canned 11,000 cases of strawberries, having a value of $40,000.

The berry crop of the county for 1910 returned to the growers $500,000.

Berries are an advantageous crop in that they require little outlay and give
quick returns. Irrigation gives the best results. The receipts are between $200
and $750 an acre ; the average is nearer $300 than $250.

One-seventh of an acre of strawberries, 3,000 plants, gave one man 1,300
boxes, worth $133, or $900 an acre.

James Tootell in the great Florin berry district cleared $500 one season from
one-fourth acre of strawberries.

39

 
2
5
b
0
4
K
2
o
b
>
0
<
®
I»
bd
0
=
M
«
=
:
Bt
=
Ay
0
py
Jus
b+
4
Bx
et
Eb
@
3
wn
=
MM
Q
Ed
a
=
A
2
m
-
<
I
=
>
=
0
©
Ed
lo}
Q
=
Jus}
B
4
yd
&
=
Q
[7
0
172)
Ly
Q
4
0
5
<
=
4
=
Q
=
wl
m
«
I»
—r
B=
Qo
4
Ay
4
wn
Oo
=
=
us
b+
rg
o
©

CORN IS ON

 

MELONS AND PUMPKINS

Melons and pumpkins are frequently grown between young trees or vines,
but are profitable crops by themselves. Ten thousand cases of pumpkins are
canned annually, this part of the crop alone being worth $25,000.

C. K. Davis of Isleton has seventy acres of nutmeg melons, planted 1,100 to
1,200 hills to the acre. His average yield is six to eight tons to the acre. He has
had a crop of 1,780 boxes on four measured acres, or about 445 to the acre. Six
hundred is possible on specially prepared and fertilized land. In 1910 this
grower got 17,000 sixty-pound boxes from seventy acres, the average being
225 to 250 boxes an acre. Through the season the prices average $1.10 a box.

This melon does best in a rich, clayey loam.

NURSERIES

The county has eight large nurseries. There are also fifty acres of flowers
and plants, the annual production being worth $50,000.

EUCALYPTUS

The eucalyptus, now regarded as the future supply of hardwood for America,
can be grown commercially only in California because of climatic conditions.
Former State Forester G. B. Lull declares that of all California the Sacramento
Valley is best adapted to this tree because of adequate rainfall, climate, transpor-
tation facilities, and lack of alkali.

Seven miles south of Sacramento the Eucalyptus Nursery & Land Company
has twenty acres from which in 1910 there were sold 4,497,900 trees.

In 1909 twelve acres were planted to eucalyptus, 436 trees to the acre, on the
reclaimed land of the Natomas Consolidated. ‘They were six to eight feet
high at the end of the first year, and fifteen at the end of the second, then having
a diameter of three or four inches. The acreage is being increased rapidly. This
experiment is cited by State Forester Lull as an example of the benefits of deep
plowing, necessary to success. The soil thirty to sixty feet deep, though covered
with a layer of rock from the gold dredges, has been effectively plowed to a

great depth in passing through the dredges.

CEREAL PRODUCTS AND HAY

Sacramento County is a part of a region that has ranked with the first
wheat-producing districts of the world, but in the last few years alfalfa and fruit
have ousted grain from the lead. One cause is the deterioration of the soil
under unintelligent methods. The old-time wheat farmer with a ranch covering
many miles paid little attention to the yield, merely scratching with the plow,
never rotating, scorning intensive methods. In this line the demand today is for
skilful farming. On a scientific basis the ranches can do at least as well as his
predecessors, and usually far better.

Some grain and hay growers irrigate. Dry farming gives excellent returns,
however, the summer-fallow being the chief method to increase production.

In the county there are 40,000 acres planted to wheat; 12,500 to barley;
10,500 to oats; 450 to rye; 700 to corn and 100 to buckwheat.

Besides alfalfa hay, grain hay has 33,500 acres. Hay is worth $10 to $18
baled. With care the returns are usually high; Edward Dalton of Consumnes
in 1911 got 205 tons of volunteer oats from sixty acres, or $27.50 an acre.

On good land sweet corn averages sixty to eighty bushels to the acre, being
worth as a rule about $1.65 a hundredweight, or $2 a sack. This makes the
average returns in the neighborhood of $40 arr acre. Many corn growers
plant a week apart, thus getting a steady crop through a long season.

41

 
Zz
Oo
-
3}
o
0
Ay
=
A
<
a
=
Z
4
<
R
0
as]
=
2
&
2
oO
ol
0
o
Hd
2
5
<
5
«
=
~
Q
0
oy
Mm
S|
<
I
=
>
=m
0
RK
4
Eo
oo
RX
=
i
=

PLENTY OF RIVER LAND GIVES THIS REGION A STRONG ADVANTAGE IN DAIRYING.

 

A HERD OF YOUNG BEEF CATTLE. THERE IS STILL OPPORTUNITY FOR THE CATTLE MAN IN THIS COUNTY

ALFALFA

The best cattle fodder grown, the most profitable of hay crops, and a first-
class soil builder, alfalfa is one of the principal crops of Sacramento County,
where it is grown with a success above even the high California average.
The delta region alone ships 100,000 tons a year. Forty-five thousand acres
in the county planted to alfalfa produce 200,000 tons, valued at $1,500,000.
Besides this, 60,000 pounds of seed are produced.

The profits from alfalfa range from $25 or $30 an acre to $150. The
latter is an exceptional figure. Nevertheless, it is obtained in the Islands and
elsewhere.

W. J. Smith of Borden, without irrigation—an important point—gets four,
five or six cuttings a year, his average annual yield an acre being ten to twelve
tons, sometimes fifteen.

The crop at his ranch is worth $6 a ton loose, $8 to $10 baled. His second
cutting alone in 1911 gave four tons to the acre.

On ordinary ground alfalfa gives five to seven cuttings when irrigated.
Alfalfa needs water, and if it gets it in summer when Sacramento’s climate
furnishes the heat essential to its growth, the yield is from one to two tons
an acre a cutting, the seasonal yield running from five to ten tons. A fair
average under ordinary conditions is seven or eight tons, worth about $8.
The price is steady.

On high ground without irrigation alfalfa for seed gives one or two crops
of hay besides the seed which is worth about fifteen cents a pound, the demand
being greater than the supply.

Seed alone is worth $30 to $60 an acre.

In dairying the best results are obtained by cutting alfalfa before it blooms,
tests showing the milk production then to be twenty-five per cent above that
on alfalfa cut in bloom.

43

 
 

 

 

THERE ARE MANY SPECIALTIES

a
=
oy
4
~
A
Z
<
A
:
<
OQ
od
9
E
A
wl
o
0
0
i
&
2
=
Q
~
[=]
:
<
pod
Z
[+1
©
[4
wd
wl
<
Q
By
©
0
8
2
Aa
&
A
=
w=
mn
«
I
=
0
B
By
=
pr
i
Q
HH
i
E
Fy
©
=H
Z
©
0
-y
g
©
Q
zg
oe]
3

 

DAIRYING

Sacramento County with river land in plenty is an ideal dairying country.
The best of fodder—alfalfa—is cheap. One acre to one and one-half will keep
a cow fat twelve months in the year. The expenses here are half to sixty per
cent. of those in the East.

The county has six large creameries, including those at Freeport, Court-
land, Isleton, Walnut Grove and Galt, besides five skimming stations. Along the
Consumnes River alone there are five cheese factories. Dairying is increasing,
especially around Franklin.

The “county produces between 1,200,000 and 1,700,000 pounds of butter
annually. The 1911 output was 1,405,054 pounds.

This is also one of the leading cheese producing counties.

The cow credited with the maximum yield for the county is owned by
A. Meister of Sacramento. Barley and malt fed, milked three times a day,
for three weeks it averaged ninety-one pounds of milk daily. Its highest
single day was twelve and five-eighths gallons. This was a thoroughbred
Holstein.

Milking an average of seventy head, L. S. Poston of Elk Grove in 1910
got $6,675 in butter checks. His best month was August, when eighty cows
returned $700. The cream checks alone were worth $65 a head the year
through. Prices were rather higher than usual that year, but for several
years his average has been $5,000 or better. The test from January to De-
cember, 1910, was 4.0. This dairyman had fifty-five hogs, bringing in $1,500,
and his calves are worth $500 more. On his ranch were also thirty-two horses,
fourteen of them work-horses. Seventy acres of alfalfa on upland, unirrigated,
give three cuttings of about five tons in all, worth $10 baled, $8 loose. He
turns all his stock on the green in August. Sorghum here yields twenty tons

to the acre, green.
C. Colquhoun’s eighteen-cow dairy at Mills in February, 1911, a typical

month, returned $135 in cream checks.

Milking twenty, John F. Stephenson of Franklin in 1910 got $1,300 cream
checks. Profit on calves included, each cow was worth $6 a month. As a
by-product, nine brood sows each gave two litters of eight; worth $2 at thirty
days, these brought in $288. This dairyman feeds all the alfalfa from fifteen
acres—four or five cuttings of two tons each. This is watered from a four-
inch pump throwing 600 gallons a minute, which cost $500, surface being at
ten feet and the well fifty-four feet deep. Fifty cents for gasoline and lubricating

oil is used to get two and a half tons of alfalfa.
Sacramento claims the model dairy farm of the West on M. H. Diepenbrock’s

600-acre ranch nine miles south of the city. The plant cost more than $400,000.
Here the average yield from thoroughbred Holsteins is four gallons a day.
Shipped by steamer, the milk is delivered in San Francisco the morning after
the milking. With only sub-irrigation the ranch produces more than enough

fodder for the herd.
LIVE STOCK

Though the tendency is toward higher developed work, there is opportunity
for profitable stock-raising. The manufactured meat products of the county
are worth over $400,000 a year. On the plains and in the foothills there is
much range land to be had at a low figure.

A typical stock-raiser is Peter Glann, who averages $5,000 a year and
often gets $7,000 from 2,000 acres near Franklin. His cattle sales bring in
$40 a head. His hogs are worth from $16 to $20 a head a year and his sheep
$6 or $7. He also runs fifty head of horses, worth on an average $100, some
being held at $300. At two or three years they are worth $200 to $225 as a rule.

45

 
pa oe

3
&
Z
®
=
«
&
<<
wn
By
Q
3
a
ot
wn
)
Zz
S
4
Py
2
fy
Oo
:
>
g
:
«
=]
4
wv
=
mM
&
bt
Fx
Qo
o
wn
&
5
g
&
~
©
wl
m
=
by
o
a
«i
Z
bo
2
~
o
=
w
~N
.
<
pot
Q
mw
By
w
4
ww
|
=
bt
H

The small rancher has an advantage in that he can turn the waste of his

orchard into profit by running hogs and cows under the trees. Many ranchers

do not cut their alfalfa, feeding it on the ground.

Sheep run on alfalfa are exceptionally profitable. In this manner they
need no herder and use forage that would otherwise be waste. But the old
method of running sheep on the range is also followed. There are many
sheepmen in the county who have large flocks which are herded. The returns
from mutton and wool suggest this industry strongly.

The extent of this industry is indicated by this table, taken from the latest

report of the State Board of Agriculture:

CATTLE
airy
Other cows .
earling heifers
lves
Yearling steers and bulls
Other steers and bulls

Yearling colts
Spring colts

Value...

MULES—
Mature mules .- 703
Yearling colts 30
Spring colts 10
743
$87,020

ASSES AND BURROS—

Number... . : 19
. $6,245

SWINE—
Mature hogs 6,421
Spring pigs. .. 4034
10,455
$73,278

Rams, ewes, and wethers 25,828
21,129

Spring lambs

POULTRY

Either as a side issue or as a specialized endeavor, poultry in Sacramento
County is more profitable than in the East. The climate makes it possible
to keep the birds in the open the year through, and California is the only place
where large numbers can run together without danger of disease.

Green feed is raised through twelve months, alfalfa, Egyptian corn and
sunflowers being favorites with poultrymen.

Sacramento and San Francisco together form a big market close to the
raiser, and the net profit a hen, proper care being granted, is not less than
$1 a year, usually more, and frequently $2.

The average price of eggs is twenty-four or twenty-five cents a dozen,
taking the entire year; at times it goes to fifty cents or more.

The assessment figures for 1910 show 310,000 dozen hens in the county,
worth $1,520,300; 400 dozen ducks, $2,400; 350 dozen geese, $5,100, and 2,200
dozen turkeys, $55,000. The egg output is put at 1,490,000 dozen, worth
roughly $375,000. |

The largest poultry-farm in the county is that of C. T. Horgan, eight miles

47

 
2
o
=
:
Z
Hl
®
us
Et
Zz
-
0
Z
©
oy
0
RB
~
oO
g
2
A
Q
~
a
a
Qo
H
=
0
Qo
=
=
8
=]
B®
i
EH
Fy
©
o
Q
Q
©
fb
:
EH
&
<
0
=
a
«
=
=
>
«
os}
=
«
=
ot
wl
Q
A
Zz
<
wl
rt
©
0
Fy
©
0
+
QO
3
|
Z
EH
>»
=
«|
3
<
bod
Q
=
Du
wn
a
™
=
Py
Oo
+2
«

north of Sacramento. With a ranch of 160 acres this poultryman, who knew
nothing of the business when he went into it, sells $1,000 worth of eggs a
month in the capital. Each of his hens is worth $1 to $2 a year to him. He
has built up his flock as good dairymen raise the standard of their herds.
Nine thousand of his 12,000 fowl are laying hens. At first they gave him
eighty to ninety eggs a year; today the yield is 190 to 200. According to
Judge Horgan, no other plant in California has a higher rate of production.
All the milk from fifteen cows goes to the flock, and two carloads of feed are
used monthly. A four-inch pumping plant, which cost $1,000, irrigates twenty
acres of alfalfa at a cost of fifty cents a day. The alfalfa gives six cuttings
or seven, making ten tons an acre a year, worth $10 a ton loose. The plant
is a model, the improvements alone having cost $15,000. There are fifteen large
buildings, one 200 feet long, the rest twenty-four by seventy-five feet, besides
twenty-five smaller houses, ten by sixteen. There are fifteen incubators and
110 brooders start 9,000 eggs at a hatch every three weeks. The percentage
of loss is very low.

In an orchard chickens can be made almost clear profit. Near Elk Grove,
F. P. Gage took up chickens as a side issue on his ranch, starting with 600
thoroughbred White Leghorns and 100 Barred Plymouth Rocks; 300 were
pullets, and the rest two years old. In the first three months of the first year,
January to March, he sold 175. In the best part of the laying season he had
500. The receipts for the first year were:

538 sold at an average of 86 cents $ 464.85
1071 chicks sold when hatched 107.10
4560 dozen eggs, at an average of 27 cents 1,253.55

Total sales
Product used by family

Grand total receipts $1,925.50

Corn, wheat, barley, buckwheat, bran middlings, beef scraps, shells, grit
bone, etc., for feed, cost $600, leaving $1,325.50 net; the manure, estimated to be
worth $25 a year per 100 fowls, compensating for the labor.

S. C. Blanchard of Fair Oaks has 2,000 chickens worth at least $1 each
to him. A few less than 500 laying hens for the last six months have given
him thirty dozen eggs a day.

Near Perkins, H. S. Kirk has a ninety-acre ,ranch divided into three-acre
yards, the buildings built especially to suit local conditions. His hen-houses
cost $586 each; the total investment is over $15,000. He has 1,500 White
Leghorns and gets 800 eggs a day. He started December 2; by May 1 he had
put 70,000 eggs through his twenty incubators, whose capacity is 10,000. The
loss among the chicks shipped was but five per cent. Of the culls run through
the brooder houses, half are saved.

HOPS

For forty years this has been one of the chief hop producing districts
of California. In 1911, with 2,516 acres, the county’s production was 30,004
bales. While this acreage was about twenty-two and one-half per cent. of the
state’s total, 11,158 acres, the production was over thirty-one per cent. of Cali-
fornia’s total output, 93,981 bales.

A heavy production the first year, comparative freedom from lice and
diseases, and a fine quality as well as a good yield are the characteristics of the
industry in Sacramento. Flies, lice, the aphis blight and honey dew are not
the factors here that they are in England or the East.

There is profit in small yards as well as big if the work is properly done.
The land best adapted to hops is the first bottom along the rivers.

The cost of production ranges between seven and a half and ten cents a
pound. Many growers circumvent price fluctuation by contracting for several
years—Iirequently three or five—at a price assuring a profit.

49

 
AN ASPARAGUS CANNERY IN THE BUSY SEASO

3
< .
=
i
0
|
wn
mw
0
<
Oo
a
wy
~
:
S
2
&
uy
<
a
Z
©)
Hm
2
Oo
Z
=
os)
=
Z
0
Qa
©
mn
B
oi
:
<
f
oO
©
mM
f=
i
4
7

The hop industry employs thousands during the picking season, the ratio
being about 125 pickers to a hundred acres.

Here are some typical instances showing how the hop-grower makes out:

C. Colquhoun has a fifty-acre yard at Mills on the American River. The
average of many years shows his cost of production to be seven and one-half
to eight cents a pound, picking costing ninety cents to $1; plowing and training
the hops, including stringing, $24 an acre, the cost of twine being $6 an acre.
He averages a ton an acre. His highest yield was 680 bales of 195 pounds
net, or 2,652 pounds to the acre. This yard is on first bottom-land, worth
$500 an acre or more.

On the Consumnes bottom, near Consumnes, Walter S. Grimshaw has a yard

‘with vines of various ages. In 1905 twenty-two and a half acres, in their first

year, gave 132 bales, sold for $5,651.76. Two years later he got 345 bales,
sold part on a ten-cent contract, the rest at two and a half cents, bringing in
$3,542. In 1908, selling at ten and six cents, 302 bales returned $4,442. In
1909 the ‘price was sixteen cents, except for the contracted ten, 342 bales
returning $8,600. In 1910 he got 314 bales, worth $6,535.20. His ten-cent
contract ran for five years. The average yield of this yard is about 3,000
pounds; the highest, nine tons of green hops to the acre, an exceptional figure.

Owning his land, Grimshaw produces at seven cents a pound. If he rented, he

says, the cost would be nine cents.

BEES

Besides ordinary honey-yielding fields, this county has support for the bee
man in alfalfa, orange groves, the eucalyptus and some beans. There are
2,200 hives, whose assessed production is 75,000 pounds, worth $6,100. The
average stand is worth from $3 to $5 or more a year.

W. J. Smith of Borden, with 500 hives averages $8 a year, his usual pro-
duction being a hundred pounds to the hive, though some give twice that.

Extracted honey is worth six to eight cents; in the comb, ten to fifteen.

VEGETABLES

This is one of the chief vegetable-producing regions of California, the
product being sold in the fresh markets, canned and some dried. The output
is worth $8,000,000 a year. In 1910 the value of the fresh pea shipments
(300,000 pounds) was $10,000. There were dried 168,500 pounds, worth $7,800,
and more went to the canneries.

The beet production is heavy, being about 1,500,000 pounds a year, worth
$25,000, and cauliflower is grown to the extent of 15,000 pounds. Squash do
well; 10,000 cases, worth $25,000, are canned yearly. Cabbage. thrives; wit-
ness the production of 3,500,000 pounds, worth $35,000, on a comparatively
small acreage.

There is no month in the year in which fresh vegetables are not shipped.

A list of those vegetables that are profitable would simply be a tabulation
of all the standard kinds and some, such as artichokes and alligator pears, little
known to the Easterner. :

Some of the principal vegetables deserve separate consideration.

Asparagus

The biggest asparagus beds in the world are in this county. The principal
producing region is Grand Island with 6,400 acres in this crop. Though
asparagus has suffered somewhat from over-production, the profits are $50
to $300 net. There are eight asparagus canneries in the delta and two in
Sacramento, but they have not been able to handle the entire canning crop.

51

 
THE BUILDING UP OF MILES OF STREETS LIKE THESE IS A STRIKING PHASE OF SACRAMENTO’S GROWTH
52

Special knowledge and experience are needed for success with asparagus,
which is. harvested from the middle of F ebruary to July. The first year in the
field it is not cut. The second, cut from fifteen to forty-five days, it averages
500 pounds to the acre. In full bearing it produces up to 9,000 pounds to the
acre. The fields are cut over daily, the average cutter getting 150 pounds a day.
In the canneries asparagus is sorted into as many as thirty-five grades.

A fair instance of profit is that of W. C. Kesner of Ryde who, in 1911,
got $14,000 from 100 acres four years old.

In 1910 there were canned 230,000 cases of asparagus with a value of
$1,380,000, besides fresh shipments of 20,000,000 pounds, worth $32,000.

Beans

California, in 1910, produced $9,836,000 worth of beans. Of this total
$4,520,000 worth was grown in Sacramento County. Bean-growing is one of
the most important lines of agricultural activity, the fresh shipments (175,000,000
pounds) being worth $5,000,000; the dried (14,000,000 pounds) $2,000,000, and
5,000 cases canned $20,000.

All varieties are grown extensively, the profits ranging between $30 and
$150 an acre. The average throughout the county is about $50. Bean land
can be bought cheap.

Slough lands are the favorite. Overflow lands that are dry long enough
to give the bean its ninety-day growing period are largely utilized.

Near Courtland, Walter Gammon got a yield of fifty-seven and a half sacks
of large whites to the acre.

On unreclaimed upland near Freeport, P. R. Sims got from thirty-five to
forty sacks of large whites to the acre, planting sixty acres. He sold at from
$2.60 to $3.10 a hundredweight. :

These are average cases and the opportunities for the newcomer to make
quick returns on his initial capital suggested by the slough lands are worthy of
more than passing notice.

Potatoes

For two months in the year Sacramento County has practically a monopoly of
the early potato market. The yield here ranges, as a rule, between six and twelve
tons—100 to 200 sacks of 120 pounds. The profits are frequently above $150;
a conservative average is in the neighborhood of $50 an acre for Irish and sweet.
In 1910 the price was about ninety cents a sack; in 1911, $1.50.

The Irish potato production of the county in- 1910 was 100,000,000 pounds,
worth $900,000. There were 65,000 pounds of sweets grown. The latter
present even a better opening than the Irish.

The potato grower here can at times get 225 sacks to the acre—one man
did it, selling at $2.60, making about $600 an acre. Without irrigation Thomas
O’Brien of Sacramento got 2,000 sacks from eighteen acres—six and a half tons
to the acre—and sold at $40 a ton. On upland, in 1911, P. R. Sims of F reeport
got 900 sacks from nine acres, and he sold at $1.50; profit, $150 an acre.

Walter Gammon of Courtland got 420 sacks to the acre, the price being
eighty cents.

Onions

About a fourth of California’s onions come from Sacramento County. In
1910 the state production had a value of $3,428,000. In that year Sacramento
yielded 35,000,000 pounds of fresh onions, worth $525,000, and 34,900.000
pounds dried, $375,000, a total of $900,000. These onions have a reputation in the
country’s chief markets. The acreage is increasing, the profits being high.

53

 
THE LIMIT OF ONE DAY’S SHOOT.
54

THERE IS A LARGE

ACREAGE OF DUCK GROUNDS EASILY ACCESSIBLE

A BUCK DEER KILLED IN THE FOOTHILLS, A REGION NOTED FOR ITS OPPORTUNITIES FOR HUNTING

Tomatoes '

- Fifty to $150 an acre are the returns from tomatoes, which are extensively
cultivated, the county’s production in 1910 being 7,000,000 pounds, worth
$92,000, for fresh sales, and 90,000 cases canned, worth $360,000.

Celery

Celery is a comparatively new crop, but in seven years has been demon-
strated a success. It is grown principally on tule land and on the reclaimed
lands of the island region. The gross returns are from $100 to $200—often
more—an acre. The expenses are about ten cents a dozen, including the
cost of marketing. An acre produces a carload—1,000 fo 1,200 dozen.

SOME SUGGESTIONS

Experiments by the United States Department of Agriculture show rice and
peanuts to be profitable under conditions like Sacramento’s, and cotton has a
big future in California. Tobacco has an established place, though not yet
important commercially.

FISH AND GAME

Fish and game in Sacramento County are not only on a sporting basis, but
commercial as well. There are ninety-seven licensed fishing boats plying on
the Sacramento, many of them motor-boats.

In 1910 the market catch of salmon was 835,200 pounds, worth $88,500,
while the annual catch of other fishes is over 1,000,000, with a value almost as
great as the salmon catch.

 
THIS IS A CITY WITH A PAST, A PRESENT AND A FUTURE

g
:
<
~
Q
<
w
By
o
E
Z
~
3)
a
Q
=
=
jus
-
B=
oO
bod
<
Q
bd
&
3]
0
od
E
0
E
Ba
<
Q
=
is
M
Zz
1
«
=
FB
o
®
Zz
o
5
=
Es
Q
os}
Oo
py
m
0
od
us
b

 

FISHING IS ON A COMMERCIAL BASIS IN THIS COUNTY, AS WELL AS A SPORTING. THE VARIETY IS WIDE

Chief of these is the shad with about 135,000 pounds; the others, including
catfish, 750,000 pounds; striped bass, 45,000 pounds; black bass, 10,000 pounds;
perch, 7,500 pounds and pike, 4,000.

The California Fish Commission introduced the catfish, the shad, and black
and striped bass, all of which grow to a great size. The most important
fish is the quinnat or king salmon, but the calico bass, the blue gilled perch,
the yellow perch and the sunfish have been introduced by the United States
Bureau of Fisheries.

The county has a large acreage of duck grounds and is in the direct pass
of wild fowl from their breeding grounds in the north. George Neale, county
game warden, lists the principal ducks as follows: mallard, sprig, redhead,
gray and widgeon. Other birds found in great numbers are the teal, the
spoonbill, the blackjack and the bluebill, geese, the honker of Canada, the gray,
both large and small, the brant, the curlew, plovers, jacksnipe and Wilson's

snipe, quail, pheasants and Hungarian partridges.

TIMBER

The county has 80,000 acres assessed as timber land. The principal product
is fuel; in 1910, the output was 10,000 cords, worth $70,000. There were
also produced 35,000 sacks of charcoal, worth $15,000. All the rivers are

heavily wooded.

POWER

Not only the manufacturer and the city dweller are affected by the power
situation, but the farmer as well. Electricity is fast coming into favor in
irrigation, being easier to handle than gasoline or distillate in operating pumps.
Within the county are three power plants and sixty-three miles of main lines.

57

 
Copyright by R. A. Herold, Sacramento.
UNDER CONSTRUCTION IN THE CAPITAL

4
©
5
2
>
8
Zz
“
Q
a
0
Qo
a
a
:
Q
a
8
Ay
a
2
=
o
Zz
wl
<
~
g
=
0
Bu
}
g
©
4
g
0
&
fx
©
In
0
Q
QO
«
=
EH
[=]
=
Q
A
=

THIS COURT HOUSE

The companies serving are the Pacific Electric Gas & Railway Company and
the Great Western.

The former controls the power supply generated at Folsom, where in 1888
a great granite dam was thrown across the American River. Five generators
send the power over the 22.4 miles to Sacramento. This company also receives
power from the Bay Counties Company.

MANUFACTURES

Free sites, cheap power and unexcelled rail and water transportation facil-
ities make Sacramento one of the West's most desirable cities for the manu-
facturer. The total value of manufactures in 1910 was $6,500,000. ‘Three
big factories have been added to the city’s assets—a wire mattress plant, an
iron works and a ramie factory.

The city is one of the few in the country having equal freight rates with
competing centers on its inbound raw material from the eastern seaboard, and
lower outbound distributing rates on its finished product. Its geographical
situation, moreover, makes it the natural distributing center for a great area.

Sacramento has two brick factories. One is the largest in California.

Two big breweries are situated in the city, and their annual production is

160,000 barrels, valued at $1,200,000.

The biggest rock-crushing plant in the West is run by the Natomas Con-
solidated at Fair Oaks on the banks of the American River. This plant, which
cost $200,000, has a capacity of 1,800 tons in ten hours. It supplies much of
the state and Coast market, railroads and road builders being heavy buyers.
The output is fifty cars for each working day, worth $30 a car.

This is a tabulated annual resumé of the county’s manufactures:

Number of Number of Value of

Industry products

Artificial Stone.........
Bookbinderi

J
CVRD

pt

ckers ;
Electrical Supplies
Flour Mills
Foundries—Iron Works .
Furniture. .

—
SWNNRS WORN

Olive Oil
Paper Boxes

to

BRO OLES: Com. abd. - +

Planing Mills.
Potteries
Sauerkraut
Sewer Pipe

0ap
Syrups, Extracts
Ya, Galvanized Iron

Boxes :
Wood Turning, Carving

The manufactured output is: brick, 20,000,000; brooms, 8,000 dozen: cigars,
5,500,000; crackers, 18,000 pounds; flour, 400,000 barrels; malt, 3,200 tons;
hides, 725,000 pounds; lard, 500,000 pounds; packed meat, 20,000 pounds;
tallow, 45,500 barrels; olive oil, 5,000 gallons; pickles, 3,000,000 gallons.

—

59

 
THE SACRAMENTO RIVER IS NOT ONLY OF GREAT TRANSPORTATION VALUE, BUT HELPS THE IRRIGATOR

MINING

Rich as are Sacramento’s farms, they are not the county’s sole source of
wealth. This is the fifth gold-producing county of the state, the output of
this metal in 1909 being $1,669,814 according to the figures of the California
State Mining Bureau. From 1900 to January 1, 1910, the total mineral pro-
duction of the county was $8,973,412.

It is within the last three years that Sacramento has’ come to the fore as a
gold producer. This is due to the new method of mining—dredging—which
has made it profitable to work deposits previously having practically no com-
mercial value. In 1900 the county’s gold output was $176,007. Five years later
it was $668,382. In 1908 it passed the million mark.

Copper is found in the county and also silver, the output value of the latter in
1909 being $2,856. Natural gas is an important item, the value of output
steadily rising. In 1909 it was $60,000. The macadam production is also
increasing, principally as a result of the gold dredging. The output in 1908
was valued at $147,649; the following year, $234,182. The value of the
rubble produced in 1909 was $1,028. From 1900 to 1908 the brick production
was worth $778,893.

THE DELTA LANDS AND RECLAMATION

The superlatively rich lands of the county lie in the delta region along the
Sacramento River, south of the city. Here is a cluster of islands from which
comes some of the earliest and highest-priced fruit to reach American markets.
These lands, however, are scarcely better than the bottom-lands of the other
rivers—the Consumnes, the American, the Mokelumne.

The Islands is the common term embracing this region, where there has
never been a fruit failure, A jig-saw puzzle of islands stretches over miles,

60

IRRIGATING PEAR TREES. THOUGH THIS ORCHARD IS NEXT TO A RIVER, IT PAYS TO PUT WATER ON IT

i the river and sloughs. Grand Island, the largest, has 18,000
i my Island is half as es The other principal islands Of Tues;
8,000 acres; Brannan, 6,000; Sutter, 5,000; Andrus, 4,000, and Twitchell,
3,200.
: art these islands are protected by levees. Wrested from the
i as ho the Sos OF Pechaviion again and again. Some have been
i for decades.
gr ml among reclamation districts, the most northern of
which lies near Sacramento. Running south, the districts are, by their US
535, 673, 744, 813, 551, ST 556, 563, 407, 532, 317, 341 and 50. On

is District No. ; N
i es bb scheme is one of the most ambitious ever Idee
taken in the West, embracing the reclamation of 60,000 acres and Pons lo
colonization by 5,000 families. This project is a part of the i 2 y e yr
tomas Consolidated of California, a gold dredging corporation. ith t s gol]
removed from the land along the rivers, the soil is turned ad 2p ¥
land. Work is now being pushed on two large tracts, one north of the city
on the Sacramento River, the other lying to the east on the Adie oan. -
Forty miles of main levees and thirty miles of creek and back levees are

built, all being higher and broader than those already in existence.

THE COUNTY’S TOWNS

i ich i he county seat, the

hadowed by the capital, which is also t t
ey . FIA County are progressive gi thriving places, ne
dard of the East as well as the West in comfort an
ie a in the lowest foothills, near the American River, wit a popu
lation of 500, has a fruit packing-house and oil mill, and a bank. ose by is

Orangevale where also is a packing-house.

61

 
THE STATE CAPITOL. THE BUILDING IS SURROUNDED BY A PARK WHICH COVERS THIRTY-THREE ACRES

Folsom, on the American, is the center of a rich country. Here is situated
a state penitentiary. Between Sacramento and Folsom there are several prom-
ising towns, including, besides Fair Oaks and Orangevale, Perkins, Mills, Na-
toma, Brighton and Mayhews.

Galt, twenty-seven miles southwest of Sacramento, on the Southern Pacific
main line, is the terminus of a line running into the Sierras, tapping a mining
territory. Galt is the center of a great grape producing region and poultry-

raising is important. The town, with banks, stores, hotels and four churches,
has three wineries.

Elk Grove is thirteen miles southeast of Sacramento. Like Florin, nearby,

it is in the central part of the county on the Southern Pacific. Cerro, Franklin
and Sims are on the Western Pacific; all have rich surroundings.
South of Sacramento, along the Sacramento River, are several fruit towns,

including Freeport, Courtland, Borden, Walnut Grove, Ryde, Isleton and
Emmaton.

 

 

on —
toes]
- .

bey:
Ci ut City +

N NORTE /
(

—
Bartle

1 Shae Iv
NN Ne
2,

LASSEN

Mugle Lake
Sotte

 

BUBANVILLE

1ddie Crook

Bella

ttonwood Ry

ow’

0 WLure \ PN : 8
MA A

ENAMA 7

. LUMAS

0 | i A atid Poi

 

mitten 3 iriing Modawk
Nord
MICO ON ~
Du ¢
Nel

:
fee

alton’
0 S'EARA
ROVILA vo cate sil
lov! ox
- NEVA
Suen

) 4,
wet fv 4

 

no

are,

1

Cob
Sener, ae,

Dey

Lay
Wo,

ou,

Loon

KING

2 rw, oO,
b! oy, >
WF , e, ba
por Sf fo Qh, RH rts “to a,
», Gleabrook

SOUTHERN PACIFIC

CALIFORNIA
LINES

Wadsworth
he

HEAT

>

Tallae, Thorne
ns Soe © MN

3 o*° , ‘Lacky Boy
2 0°" Markieviie® Mina

»,
\ Tonopah Je. 10 QOLOFIELY
NN ~~

1dgeport

DCN
Cefn
4 ATI ng

* inoepanpence Se

es

o (JERATE { N'Y O
oh

NN He ie
J pre
1 §0tenche

LF
pr 7
a wd

« o*
T

 

 

 

 

 

VENTURA
olbvento

4

 

 

 

 

 

 

0-99.09 POOL BOB. CHILARD.

 

 
Any representative of the Southern Pacific Traffic Department noted below will
be pleased to furnish further information, including railway rates and service.

E. O. McCorumick, Vice-President San Francisco, Cal.
San Francisco, Cal.

San Francisco, Cal.
San Francisco, Cal.

H. R. Jupam, Ass't General Passenger Agent San Francisco, Cal.
F. C. Latrrop, Ass't General Passenger Agent
J. M. Furron, Ass't General Passenger Agent

F. E. Barrurs, General Passenger Agent. .......... 0... ''¢eeono.
Portland, Ore.

Houston, Texas
Houston, Texas

J. H. R. Parsons, Gen. Pass. Agent, M.L. &T.R.R. &S.8. Co
E. W. Crarp, General Passenger Agent, Arizona Eastern R. R
H. LawToN, Gen. Pass. Agent, Sou. Pac. of Mexico

nnd ew Berkeley, Cal.

1901 First Ave., Birmingham, Ala.

. G ..12 Milk St., Boston, Mass.
2 N. Main St., Butte, Mont.

ROOKS, Dist. Pass, Agent, ......uccuiiion diamine 11 East Swan St., Buffalo, N. Y.
NEmMYER, General Agent 73 West Jackson Blvd., Chicago, 111.
CoNNOR, General Agent 53 Fourth Ave. East, Cincinnati, Ohio
Hirp, General Agent 305 Williamson Bldg., Cleveland, Ohio
313 Railway Exchange Bldg., Denver, Colo.

310 West Fifth St., Des Moines, Iowa

11 Fort St., Detroit, Mich.

206 North Oregon St., El Paso, Texas

1013 J St., Fresno, Cal,

. Kan, A. G.P. A gor Walnut St., Kansas City, Mo.
« MeGInNmIS, Dist. Pass, Agent. .........u.iuci. lo nile Tot “600 South Spring St., Los Angeles, Cal,
R. HackrEy, General Agent Avenida Juarez, No. 12, Mexico City, Mex.
L. 221 Grand Ave., Milwaukee, Wis.
F 25 South Third St., Minneapolis, Minn.
H.

.
.

QEEIEO
EmadsE

v
.
.
.
.

.

EmR—g
oP Ex

He =
a3

.
.
.

ry
wv

REQ

; 1, 366 and 1158 Broadway, New York, N. Y.

« RicHARDSON, Dist. Pass. and Freight Agent Broadway and 13th St., Oakland, Cal,

AUL L. BEEMER, City Agent 2514 Washington St., Ogden, Utah

. J. SmitH, Agent 632 Chestnut St., Philadelphia, Pa.

539 Smithfield St., Pittsburg, Pa.

Third and Washington Sts., Portland, Ore.

8or K St., Sacramento, Cal.

esa nna sein 156 Main St., Salt Lake City, Utah

951 Fifth St., San Diego, Cal.

¥lood Bldg., San Francisco, Cal.

ae Palace Hotel, San Francisco, Cal.

40 East Santa Clara St., San Jose, Cal.

716 Second Ave., Seattle, Wash,

623 Sprague Ave., Spokane, Wash,

315-317 North Ninth St., St. Louis, Mo.

1117-19 Pacific Ave., Tacoma, Wash.

21 Main St., Walla Walla, Wash.

gos FF St., N. W., Washington, D. C.

RupoLpr FALCK, General European Agent, Amerikahaus, 25, 27 Ferdinand Strasse, Hamburg, Germany; 49 Leadenhall St.,

London, E. C., England; 22 Cockspur St., London, England; 25 Water St., Liverpool, England; 6 Rue des Peignes, Antwerp,
Belgium; 20-22 Rue Du Mail, Paris, France.

QRH

 

SUNSET, The Pacific Monthly

THE MAGAZINE THAT TELLS ABOUT THE WEST

15 cents a copy $1.50 a year
SUNSET INFORMATION BUREAUS—460 Fourth St., San Francisco;
Pacific Electric Building, Los Angeles; 1158 Broadway, New
York; 12 Milk Street, Boston; Flood Building, San Francisco
Information on the West can also be secured of the Ask Mr. Foster Agencies, New York, Washington,
Philadelphia, Atlantic City and Chicago Griastmmet)
14-12

64 ey

PUBLISHING HOUSE
SAN FRANCISCO
CAMIFORNIA

 

 

SACRAMENTO COUNTY IS ONE OF THE WEST'S FAMOUS DAIRY DISTRICTS

 

 

 
Any representative of the Southern Pacific Traffic Department noted below will
be pleased to furnish further information, including railway rates and service.

E. O. McCormick, Vice-President... ooo oo... Sm Francisco, Cal.

Chas. S. Fre, Passenger Traffic Manager

J. M. FurroN, Ass't General Passenger Agent Reno, Nev.

F. E. Barrurs, General Passenger Agent... .......... Ceeeeeesseiiaiiiiiioooo.oo.ioo...... Los Angeles, Cal.

Portland, Ore.

Serer ase mratat itr rr airranann Houston, Texas

Jos. HELLEN, Ass’t General Passenger Agent, Sunset Central Lines....................... Houston, Texas

J. H. R. PARSONS, Gen. Pass. Agent, M. L. & T. R. R. &S. S.Coo New Orleans, La.

E. W. Crapp, General Passenger Agent, Arizona Eastern R. R Tucson, Ariz.

H. Lawton, Gen. Pass. Agent, Sou. Pac. of Mexico Guaymas, Mex.

Guaymas, Mex.

Portland, Ore.

Portland, Ore.

Astoria, Ore.

Piper Bldg., Baltimore, Md.

eae. Berkeley, Cal.

1901 Iirst Ave., Birmingham, Ala.

rz Milk St., Boston, Mass.

2 N. Main St., Butte, Mont.

". T. Brooks, Dist. Pass. Agent. ................................ 11 East Swan St., Buffalo, N. Y.

. G. NEIMYER, General Agent 73 West Jackson Blvd., Chicago, 111.

. H. Connor, General Agent 53 Fourth Ave. East, Cincinnati, Ohio

. B. HiLp, General Agent . 305 Williamson Bldg., Cleveland, Ohio

WwW 313 Railway Exchange Bldg., Denver, Colo.

J 310 West Fifth St., Des Moines, Iowa

E. 11 Fort St., Detroit, Mich.

Ww 206 North Oregon St., El Paso, Texas

ror3 J St., Fresno, Cal.

HOG RAL, ALG. PLA gor Walnut St., Kansas City, Mo.

F. S. McGinnis, Dist. Pass. Agent 600 South Spring St., Los Angeles, Cal.

G. R. Hackrey, General Agent.................... Avenida Juarez, No. 12, Mexico City, Mex.

L. L. Davis, Commercial Agent 221 Grand Ave., Milwaukee, Wis.

25 South Third St., Minneapolis, Minn.

L . 1, 306 and 1158 Broadway, New York, N. Y.

p Broadway and 13th St., Oakland, Cal.

PauL L. BEEMER, City Agente... oo... 2514 Washington St., Ogden, Utah

R. J. Smith, Agent 632 Chestnut St., Philadelphia, Pa.

539 Smithfield St., Pittsburg, Pa.

Third and Washington Sts., Portland, Ore.

8or K St., Sacramento, Cal,

156 Main St., Salt Lake City, Utah

gst Fifth St., San Diego, Cal,

Flood Bldg., San Francisco, Cal.

aaa Palace Hotel, San Francisco, Cal.

ee to Last Santa Clara St., San Jose, Cal.

716 Second Ave., Seattle, Wash,

623 Sprague Ave., Spokane, Wash ,

315-317 North Ninth St, St. Lows, Mo.

1117-19 Pacific Ave., Tacoma, Wash.

ceteeeesieeeceiecaaaoe......21 Main St, Walla Walla, Wash.

gos I' St., N. W., Washington, D. C.

» 25, 27 Ferdinand Strasse, Hamburg, Germany; 49 Leadenhall St.,

London, E. C., England; 22 Cockspur St., London, England; 25 Water St., Liverpool, England; 6 Rue des Pcignes, Antwerp,
Belgium; 20-22 Rue Du Mail, Paris, France.

 

SUNSET, The Pacific Monthly

#2 THE MAGAZINE THAT TELLS ABOUT THE WEST

15 cents a copy $1.50 a year

SUNSET INFORMATION BUREAUS—460 Fourth St., San Francisco;
Pacific Electric Building, Los Angeles; 1158 Broadway, New
York; 12 Milk Street, Boston; Flood Building, San Francisco

Information on the West can also be secured of the Ask Mr. Foster Agencies, New York, Washington,
Philadelphia, Atlantic City and Chicago

(8-14-12—20M)

SS 72
BS

SAN FRANCISCO
CALIFORNIA

64

 

 

 

SACRAMENTO COUNTY IS ONE OF THE WEST'S FAMOUS DAIRY DISTRICTS

 

 

 
 

 

 
 

 
  
 

peppy
EEE EER
i ds gain
' grin pe

| | 4

PM-1 3%:"x4" PHOTOGRAPHIC MICROCOPY TARGET
NBS 1010a ANSI/ISO #2 EQUIVALENT

ll .0 i i Be
ell
A =

I E
="

ECDC EI {ie
inna ER ik 4 id 4 ik 1 v hadi i da a
corr EERE i 4 | " PTI ok 7 th
aE had y | : TRA STEP OrgTI ETE nr ole al iL
I PER i id | a Aa ? al 10 41 j
Ta a | ] 8 i LV ji il

    
  
 

  
     

  

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

jo bhp
%