START UC BERKELEY MASTER NEGATIVE STORAGE NUMBER 99-155.5 (National version of master negative storage number: CU SN99155.5) MICROFILMED 1999 UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LIBRARY PHOTOGRAPHIC SERVICE USAIN State and Local Literature Preservation Project Funded in part by the National Endowment for the Humanities REPRODUCTION AVAILABLE THROUGH INTERLIBRARY LOAN OFFICE MAIN LIBRARY UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA BERKELEY, CA 94720-6000 COPYRIGHT The copyright law of the United States (Title 17, United States Code) governs the making of photocopies or other reproductions of copyrighted materials including foreign works under certain conditions. In addition, the United States extends protection to foreign works by means of various international conventions, bilateral agreements, and proclamations. Under certain conditions specified in the law, libraries and archives are authorized to furnish a photocopy or other reproduction. One of these specified conditions is that the photocopy or reproduction is not to be "used for any purpose other than private study, scholarship, or research.” If a user makes a request for, or later uses, a photocopy or reproduction for purposes in excess of "fair use," that user may be liable for copyright infringement. University of California at Berkeley reserves the right to refuse to accept a copying order if, in its judgment, fulfillment of the order would involve violation of copyright law. California. Office of State Controller Report on Turlock Irrigation District / by the Irrigation District Bond... [Sacramento] 1914 BIBLIOGRAPHIC RECORD TARGET University of California at Berkeley Library USAIN State and Local Literature Preservation Project Master negative storage number: 99-155.5 (national version of master negative storage number: CU SN99155.5) Corporate Author: California. Office of State Controller. Author: California. Office of State Controller. Title: Report on Turlock Irrigation District / by the Irrigation District Bond Commission. Imprint: [Sacramento : California State Controller?], 1914. Description: 40 p. ill. ; 23 cm. CALL: TC824.C2.A47 Microfilmed by University of California Library Photographic Service, Berkeley, CA FILMED AND PROCESSED BY LIBRARY PHOTOGRAPHIC SERVICE, UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, BERKELEY, 94720 DATE 10/99 REDUCTION RATIO: 9 PM-1 3%"x4" PHOTOGRAPHIC MICROCOPY TARGET NBS 1010a ANSI/ISO #2 EQUIVALENT I 10 c= az E22 fe fl lll = IS fie pee 1] 2] 3] 4 's| "6 7] Tg To 17011 12 13 1415 GIFT OF Alex Lisris [AF "REPORT Turlock Irrigation District by the Irrigation District Bond Commission JUNE 25, 1914 Filed: Office of State Controller July 29, 1914 STATE PRINTING OFFICE 1914 REPORT Turlock Irrigation District Irrigation District Bond Commission JUNE 25, 1914 —————— Filed: Office of State Controller July 29, 1914 CALIFORNIA STATE PRINTING OFFICE 1914 12114 REPORT Turlock Irrigation District by the Irrigation District Bond Commission JUNE 25, 1914 ————— Filed: Office of State Controller July 29, 1914 CALIFORNIA STATE PRINTING OFFICE 1914 INTRODUCTION. The Payment of Irrigation District Bonds and Interest thereon is secured by Taxes. ; The levy and collection of taxes to meet the obligation of an irrigation district is enforced by state officers under suthorste of Chapter 60, Statutes of 1913, (see Appendix A herein). The State Controller attaches the following certificate to all bonds of an irrigation district which have been approved by the Commission provided by Chapter 366, Statutes of 1913, which appears in full as Appendix B herein: STATE CONTROLLER’S CERTIFICATE. SACRAMENTO, CALIFORNIA, , Controller of the State of California, hercty certify that the within bond, No of issue Irrigation District, , 18, in accordance with an act of the legislature of California, approved June 13. 1913, a legal investment for all trust funds and for the funds of all insurance companies, banks, both commercial and saw. ings, trust companies, the state school funds and any funds which may be invested in county, municipal or school district bonds, and it may be deposited as security for the performance of any act whenever the bonds of any county, city, cily and county, or school district may be so deposited, it being entitled to such privileges by virtue of an examination by the state engineer, the atlorney general and the superintendent of banks of the State of California in pursuance of said act. The within bond may also, according to the constitution of the State of California, be used as security for the deposit of public money wn banks in said State. Controller of the State of California. The Bond Commission having investigated the affairs of Turlock Irrigation District, has filed its report and findings with the State Con- troller of which a full copy follows. 298240 ONES A BE RD BS FIR Ec Catan sess ams FINDINGS OF The Irrigation District Bond Commission upon the Investi- gation of the Bonds of Turlock Irrigation District. Pursuant to the provisions of an act of the legislature of the State of California entitled ‘‘ An act relating to the bonds of irrigation districts, providing under what circumstances such bonds shall be legal invest- ments for funds of banks, insurance companies, trust funds, state school funds and any moneys or funds which may now or hereafter be invested in bonds of cities, cities and counties, counties, school districts or municipalities and providing under what circumstances the use of bonds of irrigation districts as security for the performance of any act may be authorized,”’ approved June 13, 1913, and pursuant to the reso- lution of the board of directors of the Turlock District as of date Sep- tember 8, 1913, requesting the commission provided for in the act to make an investigation of the outstanding bonds of said district, We, the undersigned members of the commission provided for in said act, do hereby make the following report: (a) That the supply of water available for the project amounts to an annual average flow of two feet in depth for the irrigable area of the district ; that the right of the district to this amount of water is estab- lished. (b) That the soil of the district is fertile and susceptible to irriga- tion ; that the amount of water available is sufficient to cause the land to produce remunerative crops; that portions of the district are in need of drainage, provisions for which have been partly effected and works are being planned and installed to complete an effective drainage system. ; (c) That the distriet’s irrigation project is entirely feasible; the present works with the improvements now being made will be sufficient for the requirements of the district for many years, and future extensions and additions contemplated will render such work sufficient for the needs of the district for all time and will cost said district one million dollars. (d) That the reasonable market value of the water, water rights, and canals owned by such distriet or to be acquired or constructed by said district is $2,250,000.00. (e) The reasonable market value of the land included in the bound- aries of the district is $28,458,180.00. (f) That the aggregate amount of outstanding bonds of the said district, including bonds authorized but not sold, does not exceed 60 per cent of the aggregate market value of the land within the district and of the water, water rights, canals, reservoirs, reservoir sites, owned or to be acquired and constructed with the proceeds of the said bonds. 2—12114 ——— ES veo ’ 4% \ . o orn iy «to de ree ro ce REPORT ON" roRLotK IRRIGATION DISTRICT. @ . a oe v se ° ot * ». Sis (¢) That Thi tumbers, dacs, and, denominations of the bonds which are available for the purposes defined in section 7 of the said act are as follows: Funding Issue dated July 1, 1902. 1 3 | Bonds | Number and value | Amount | Maturity i 5 per cent bonds, 1 to 150, inclusive.__| 150 bonds at $400.00 $60,000 00 | Due Jan. 1, 1922 5 per cent bonds, 151 to 300, inclusive_..| 150 bonds at 400.00 60,000 00 | Due Jan. 1, 1923 5 per cent bonds, 301 to 450, inclusive___ 150 bonds at 400.00 60,000 00 | Due Jan. 1, 1924 5 per cent bonds, 451 to 600, inclusive... | 150 bonds at 400.00 60,000 00 | Due Jan. 1, 1925 5 per cent bonds, 601 to 750, inclusive.._| 150 bonds at 400.00 60,000 00 | Due Jan. 1, 1926 5 per cent bonds, 751 to 900, inclusive___| 150 bonds at 400.00 60,000 00 | Due Jan. 1, 1927 5 per cent bonds, 901 to 1050, inclusive._.| 150 bonds at 400.00 60,000 00 | Due Jan, 1, 1928 5 per cent bonds, 1051 to 1200, inclusive___| 150 bonds at 400.00 60,000 00 | Due Jan. 1, 1929 5 per cent bonds, 1201 to 1350, inclusive___| 150 bonds at 400.00 60,000 00 | Due Jan. 1, 1930 5 per cent bonds, 1351 to 1500, inclusive...! 150 bonds at 400.00 60,000 00 | Due Jan. 1, 1931 5 per cent bonds, 1501 to 1650, inclusive___ 150 bonds at 400.00 60,000 00 | Due Jan. 1, 1932 5 per cent bonds, 1651 to 1800, inclusive.__ -| 150 bonds at 400.00 60,000 00 | Due Jan. 1, 1933 5 per cent bonds, 1801 to 1950, inclusive._.| 150 bonds at 400.00 60,000 00 | Due Jan. 1, 1934 5 per cent bonds, 1951 to 2100, inelusive.__ 11 150 bonds at 400.00 60,000 00 | Due Jan. 1, 1935 5 per cent bonds, 2101 to 2250, inclusive... - 150 bonds at 400.00 60,000 00 | Due Jan. 1, 1935 5 per cent bonds, 2251 to 2400, inclusive...! 150 bonds at 400.00 60,000 00 | Due Jan. 1, 1937 b per cent bonds, 2401 to 2550, inclusive... 150 bonds at 400.00 60,000 00 | Due Jan. 1, 1938 5 per cent bonds, 2551 to 2700, inclusive...| 150 bonds at 400.00 60,000 00 | Due Jan. 1, 1939 5 per cent bonds, 2701 to 2850, inclusive.__| 150 bonds at 400.00 60,000 00 | Due Jan. 1, 1940 5 per cent bonds, 2851 to 2890, inclusive.__| 40 bonds at 400.00 16,000 00 | Due Jan. 1, 1941 | Total............. $1,156,000 00 Special Issue Dated January 1, 1905. Bonds Number and value Amount Maturity | 5 per cent bonds, 1 to 25, inclusive..___ 25 bonds at $400.00 $10,000 00 | Due Jan. 1, 1926 5 per cent bonds, 26 to 55, inclusive... | 80 bonds at 400.00 12,000 00 | Due Jan. 1, 1927 5 per cent bonds, 56 to 90, inclusive.._..| 35 bonds at 400.00 14,000 00 | Due Jan. 1, 1928 5 per cent bonds, 91 to 130, inclusive._... 40 bonds at 400.00 16,000 00 | Due Jan. 1, 1929 5 per cent bonds, 131 to 175, inclusive.....| 45 bonds at 400.00 18,000 0C | Due Jan. 1, 1930 5 per cent bonds, 176 to 225, inclusive... 50 bonds at 400.00 20,000 00 Due Jan. 1, 1931 5 per cent bonds, 226 to 280, inclusive... | 55 bonds at 400.00 22,000 00 | Due Jan. 1, 1932 5 per cent bonds, 281 to 345, inclusive._..._ | 65 bonds at 400.00 26,000 00 | Due Jan. 1, 1933 5 per cent bonds, 346 to 420, inclusive.____ | 75 bonds at 400.00 30,000 00 | Due Jan. 1, 1934 5 per cent bonds, 421 to 450, inclusive...__ | 30 bonds at 400.00 12,000 00 | Due Jan. 1, 1935 5 per cent bonds, 451 to 650, inclusive..... 200 bonds at 100.00 20,000 00 | Due Jan. 1, 1935 Ji0 Obl sanaen | $200,000 00 | Second Special Issue dated July 1, 1910. Bonds Number and value Amount i Maturity 5 per cent bonds, 1 to 12, inclusive.....| 12 bonds at $400.00 | $4,800 00 | Due July 1, 1931 5 per cent bonds, 13 to 14, inclusive-....| 2 bonds at 400.00 200 00 | Due July 1, 1931 5 per cent bonds, 15 to 29, inclusive..... | 15 bonds at 400.00 6,000 00 | Due July 1, 1932 5 per cent bonds, 30 to 46, inclusive......| 17 bonds at 400.00 6,800 00 | Due July 1, 1933 5 per cent bonds, 47 to 48, inclusive... 2 bonds at 100.00 200 00 | Due July 1, 1933 5 per cent bonds, 49 to 68, inclusive.....! 20 bonds at 400.00 8,000 00 | Due July 1, 1934 5 per cent bonds, 9 to 90, inclusive_.....| 22 bonds at 400.00 8,800 00 | Due July 1, 1935 5 per cent bonds, 91 to 92, inclusive... | 2 bonds at 100.00 200 00 | Due July 1, 1935 5 per cent bonds, 93 to 117, inclusive_____ 25 bonds at 400.00 10,000 00 | Due July 1, 1936 5 per cent bonds, 118 to 144, inclusive.____ 27 bonds at 400.00 10,800 00 | Due July 1, 1937 5 per cent bonds, 145 to 146, inclusive. ___ | 2 bonds at 100.00 200 00 Due July 1, 1937 5 per cent bonds, 147 to 178, inclusive..._.| 32 bonds at 400.00 12,800 00 | Due July 1, 1938 5 per cent bonds, 179 to 180, inclusive_.._.. | 2 bonds at 100.00 200 00 Due July 1, 1938 5 per cent bonds, 181 to 217, inclusive_.... | 37 bonds at 400 00 14,800 00 | Due July 1, 1939 5 per cent bonds, 218 to 219, inclusive... | 2 bonds at 100.00 200 00 | Due July 1, 1939 5 per cent bonds, 220 to 237, inclusive..... | 18 bonds at 400.00 7,200 00 Due July 1, 1940 5 per cent bonds, 238 to 325, inclusive.....| 88 bonds at 100.00 8,800 00 Due July 1, 1940 Pola... eens | $100,000 00 REPORT ON TURLOCK IRRIGATION DISTRICT. Third Special Issue dated January 1, 1911. TTA NNCTOTOT QO GLO QT OT OY STG OUT OT OT OO Gn en ot en | Bonds Number and value | Amount Maturity | per cent bonds, 1 to 147, inclusive.__| 147 bonds at $400.00 $58,800 00 | Due Jan. 1, 1932 per cent bonds, 2966 to 2980, inclusive_._| 15 bonds at 100.00 1,500 00 | Due Jan. 1, 1932 per cent bonds, 148 to 824, inclusive.__| 177 bonds at 400.00 70,800 00 | Due Jan. 1, 1933 per cent bonds, 3142 to 8144, inclusive... 3 bonds at 120.00 360 00 | Due Jan. 1, 1933 per cent bonds, 2981 to 2992, inclusive._..| 12 bonds at 100.00 1,200 00 | Due Jan. 1, 1933 per cent bonds, 3825 to 531, inclusive.._| 207 bonds at 400.00 82,800 00 | Due Jan. 1, 1934 per cent bond, 8145. o_o... _ 1 bond at 120.00 120 00 | Due Jan. 1, 1934 per cent bonds, 2993 to 3007, inclusive._._| 15 bonds at 100.00 1,500 00 | Due Jan. 1, 1934 per cent bonds, 582 to 768, inclusive_..| 237 bonds at 400.00 “94,800 00 | Due Jan. 1, 1935 per cent bonds, 8146 to 3149, inclusive..., 4 bonds at 120.00 480 00 | Due Jan. 1, 1935 per cent bonds, 3008 to 3019, inclusive...| 12 bonds at 100.00 1,200 00 | Due Jan. 1, 1935 per cent bonds, 769 to 1035, inclusive..__| 267 bonds at 400.00 106,800 00 | Due Jan. 1, 1936 per cent bonds, 3150 to 3151, inclusive... 2 bonds at 120.00 240 00 | Due Jan. 1, 1936 per cent bonds, 3020 to 3084, inelusive...| 15 bonds at 100.00 1,500 00 | Due Jan. 1, 1936 ‘per cent bonds, 1036 to 1881, inclusive... 296 bonds at 400.00 118,400 00 | Due Jan. 1, 1937 per cent bonds, 8035 to 3056, inclusive__.| 22 bonds at 100.00 2,200 00 | Due Jan. 1, 1937 per cent bonds, 1832 to 1657, inclusive.__| 326 bonds at 400.00 130,400 00 | Due Jan. 1, 1938 per cent bonds, 3152 to 3154, inclusive...| 3 bonds at 120.00 360 00 | Due Jan. 1, 1938 per cent bonds, 3057 to 3075, inclusive... 19 bonds at 100.00 1,900 00 | Due Jan. 1, 1938" per cent bonds, 1658 to 2048, inclusive...| 386 bonds at 400.00 154,400 00 | Due Jan. 1, 1939- per cent bonds, 31556 to 3158, inclusive... 4 bonds at 120.00 480 00 | Due Jan. 1, 1939 per cent bonds, 3076 to 3094, inclusive...| 19 bonds at 100.00 1,900 00 | Due Jan. 1, 1939 per cent bonds, 2044 to 2489, inclusive.__| 446 bonds at 400.00 178,400 00 | Due Jan. 1, 1940 per cent bonds, 3095 to 3119, inclusive...| 25 bonds at 100.00 2,500 00 | Due Jan. 1, 1940 per cent bonds, 2490 to 2965, inclusive.__| 476 bonds at 400 00 190,400 00 | Due Jan. 1, 1941 per cent bonds, 3120 to 3141, inclusive...| 22 bonds at -100.00 2,200 00 | Due Jan. 1, 1941 per cent bonds, 3159 to 3161, inclusive_..| 3 bonds at 120.00 360 00 | Due Jan. 1, 1941 Total............. $1,206,000 00 q Respectfully submitted. (Signed) ‘U. S. WEBB, Attorney General. W. F. McCLURE, State Engineer. W. R. WILLIAMS, Superintendent of Banks. Dated San Francisco, Cal., June 25, 1914. w en DR SOE REPORT ON TURLOCK IRRIGATION DISTRICT. ENGINEERING REPORT TURLOCK IRRIGATION DISTRICT. P. M. NORBOE, Assistant State Engineer. ~ June, 1914. The Turlock Irrigation District was organized June 6, 1887, under the provisions of the irrigation district law, approved March 7, 18817, and known as the Wright law. : DESCRIPTION. Location. It is situated in Stanislaus and Merced counties, lying between Tuolumne River on the north, Merced River on the south, and extends from the eastern portion of range 11 east to the San Joaquin River on the west. The area, including lately aequired inclusions, is 175,566 acres. More than four fifths of the area is in Stanislaus County. Topography. The entire district may properly be described as a plain sloping gently from the northeast toward the southwest. Transversely, ¢. e., from northwest to southeast the surface of the ground is slightly un- dulating with alternate ridges and depressions, all trending toward the southwest. The difference in elevation between the ridges and hollows is very slight. The elevation of the east side of the district is about 175 feet above sea level, the ground sloping downward toward the southwest at a rate generally of about ten feet in a mile, growing a little flatter west of the Southern Pacific Railroad. The streams bounding the district on the north, south and west are sunken in deep beds 20 to 50 feet below the surface of the adjoining plains. SOIL. Characteristics. The soils of this district while somewhat complex in composition and distribution, are markedly less so than in the districts lying north. While there are many types of soil that might be classified as pos- sessing distinguishing characteristics, the three dominant types, selected for this discussion, are readily recognized by their color as well as texture and are described as follows: (A) Sandy soil. (B) Red loam. (C) White ash land. Along the rivers oceur small bodies of silty loam, generally spoken of as ‘‘bottom lands.’’ (Classes A and B appear over the whole district excepting the extreme east, occurring in irregular patches and strips intermingling one with the other in intricate patterns which, if platted in colors, would look like an old-fashioned patch-work quilt. REPORT ON TURLOCK IRRIGATION DISTRICT. 9 (A) Sandy Soil.—This is- a fine, loose, micaceous sand of granite origin, light or yellowish brown in color, slightly darker on exposed surface. It is very incoherent, which characteristic is quickly notice- able by its refusal to pack under wheel traffic. Roads through regions where it abounds are always ‘‘sandy.’’ It also drifts badly with the wind, which piles it into ridges and dunes. Its migratory habit fre- quently causes disaster to crops lying in its path, vineyards and other crops sometimes being covered and ruined. It is easily cultivated and ‘with irrigation is very productive, and with good crop binders is held in place. Sometimes it is underlain with hardpan, and in such cases it is easily water-logged, to prevent which care in: irrigating and ade- quate drainage is required. This type comprises fully one half of the area of the district. The largest body of this type of soil lies in the southern portion of the district. Nearly all of the land in the district lying in Merced County is of this character. From the main body numerous arms extend northwesterly into a body of type C. One of these arms extends along the Southern Pacific Railroad to and beyond the town of Turlock. About half of the territory between the Southern Pacific Railroad and San Joaquin River is of this soil, lying in strips between similar bodies of Type C. Another body, about two miles wide, begins at the Santa Fe Railroad two miles southeast of Hughson and extends west, erossing the Southern Pacific Railroad just southeast of the town of Ceres, and joins another considerable body extending along the bank of Tuolumne River from a point midway between the two railroads westerly nearly to the northwest corner of the district. Nearly all stone fruits, such as peaches, almonds and olives, as well as grapes, berries, melons, sweet potatoes, alfalfa, and general garden truck yield well to irrigation and industrious cultivation. In the southeast corner of the district is an area of about 8,000 acres around the station of Delhi, where drifting is very pronounced, and many ridges and dunes occur. While these areas are difficult to reduce to planes for irrigation, when once so reduced, and planted to binding crops, they will become very productive. (B) Red Loam.—This soil is a close-grained sandy loam. The sand is very sharp and easily discernible by rubbing a sample between the . fingers. This type is readily recognized by its characteristic reddish color, being ‘usually brick red, sometimes shading into brown, and occasionally mottled gray. This type is confined to the eastern edge of the district, where lies a body of about 11,000 acres, with no admixture of the other types. A few small detached areas are found nearby, one of some 1,500 acres surrounding the town of Hickman. This soil is extremely tenacious when wet, refusing to ‘‘scour’’ the plow, and clinging in great masses to wagon wheels passing through it. It bakes quickly when dried and in the summer becomes very hard— too hard, in fact, to be well plowed by ordinary means, and if broken up then remains in large lumps until broken down by the winter rains. When the moisture content is just right, however, it works well, and by frequent cultivation afterward can be kept in excellent condition. It is always underlain by hardpan of a hard, ferruginous material at a depth varying from a few inches to five feet below the surface. : FOREN 10 REPORT ON TURLOCK IRRIGATION DISTRICT. Alkali is very seldom found in this soil, and never in deleterious quantities. Owing to the nature of the soil and the nearness of hard- pan, the amateur irrigator finds it very difficult to irrigate, but with judicious application of water and proper cultivation it becomes very productive. It is best adapted to such crops as beans, grains, and other shallow rooted plants, but with sufficient depth to hardpan, grapes do exceed- ingly well. Owing to the absence of lime in the soil, eitrus fruits are grown with marked success. Even though the soil may be ecompar- atively shallow, it has been found that the hardpan can be shattered with dynamite and tree growth promoted. This method also aids drainage. (C) Whate Ash Land.—This type is composed of rather fine, sharp, granite sand, silt and clay. The color may be gray, light brown or light chocolate. In Fresno and Tulare counties it is very abundant and of an almost white color, from which it receives there the name of “white ash.”’ In Turleck District it is of the darker shades. It is frequently underlain at two to five feet beneath the surface with a stratum of exceedingly fine silt. This material varies in thickness from a few inches to several feet, and may be quite soft or cemented by carbonate of lime into an extremely hard hardpan, impervious to water and to the penetration of plant roots. Where sufficient depth of soil obtains, alfalfa, grains, all kinds of vegetables and most fruits thrive. Citrus fruits do not grow well in it. : This soil lends itself well to irrigation, but is easily soured by water- logging, and when so treated the salts -dissolved from the subsoil are likely to show on the surface. The most compact body of this soil in the district is about three miles in width along the north side, extending from Ceres eastward nearly to the Oakdale branch railroad, with a narrow extension northeast to the district boundary. A branch of this body extends south toward Denair, and thence southwest and west more or less connectedly across the district. Many narrow strips diverge from this body, intermingling with several similar small bodies of type A, as above detailed under the description of that type. Another irregular shaped strip extends parallel with and near the San Joaquin River bottoms. Interspersed here and there throughout the areas occupied by Type A are found small bodies of the soil under discussion. (D) Silt Loam.—Along the river bottoms are narrow areas of very fine grained silt loams. These are the most fertile soils in the distriet, but as the edge of the plains usually marks the district boundaries, but little of this character of soil is included, and the area is so small as to not warrant listing among the types considered. (E) Coarse Sandy Loam.—In the reports upon South San Joaquin and Modesto Irrigation Districts another type was described under the above caption. This soil appears to have been deposited in ancient river beds, but as neither the Tuolumne nor Merced rivers show evi- dence of having run elsewhere than in their present channels no such bodies of soil are found in Turlock Distriet. Vim, 5 a ph — REPORT ON TURLOCK IRRIGATION DISTRICT. 11 Alkali, The soils of this district have been formed by the disintegration of the rocks of the Sierras adjoining the San Joaquin Valley on the east. These soils are believed to have been deposited under the waters of a vast inland lake which occupied the San Joaquin and Sacramento val- leys during the Pleistocene period. After the lake receded, the con- tinual accretions from the weathering of the sedimentary rocks of the foothills has modified the character of the soils. During the existence of the great lake there appears to have been deposited an extensive bed of Andesitic tuff near its eastern shore, and it is probably from this source that a large portion of the alkali eontent of the valley soils was derived. : In the Turlock Distriet most of the soils above described, excepting the red loam, contain traces of salts, but alkali in sufficient quantity to affect growing crops is seldom found excepting along the southwest border. Here both types A and C are more or less affected, and in a consider- able area, not yet fully developed, it is likely to prove somewhat dele- terious unless the lands shall be handled with skill. The topography of the country, with its rapid descent toward the San Joaquin River, affords a ready means of installing proper drainage, and by that means lands that are too heavily charged with alkali for profitable cultivation may be quickly relieved of the salts and rendered highly productive. CROPS. Practically the whole of the district has been devoted to farming since the advent of white settlement in the valley. First came the cattle men who grazed their herds over the plains. Then followed the grain farmers, who in favorable years reaped large crops of wheat and barley without irrigation. These grain farms were generally in units of thousands of acres. Practically no irrigation was attempted until the formation of the Turlock Irrigation District. With the advent of irrigation the character of crops raised was quickly changed. Extensive orchards of peaches, prunes, pears, and grape vineyards were planted; other deciduous fruits in smaller areas were set out. All kinds of vegetables and ground fruits were found to yield bountiful crops under the stimulus of irrigation. Alfalfa was found to lend itself particularly well to irrigation, and in fact 90 per cent of the area of Modesto District under irrigation is devoted to the production of that forage plant, with a somewhat smaller proportion in Turlock District. CLIMATE. The Turlock Irrigation District, lying in the San Joaquin Valley, has a climate possessing the characteristics peculiar to that region. Seasons. Two distinctive seasons, only, are recognized—the rainy season from middle or latter part of October to May, and the dry season the re- mainder of the year.. During the rainy season wet weather is never of long duration, but broken by frequent clear, warm days. The tempera- ture frequently falls below freezing point but never becomes cold 12 REPORT ON TURLOCK IRRIGATION DISTRICT. enough to prevent outdoor work, and seldom injures any plants but the most tender. The summers are dry and cloudless. Occasionally the thermometer may register 110 degrees in the middle of the day, but owing to the low humidity, little discomfort is experienced. Men work all day in the harvest fields, the hottest days that come, and no one in normal health is ever known to succumb. The mean annual tempera- ture is about 63 degrees Fahrenheit. Precipitation. ; No records of rainfall within the distriet are at hand, but the records at Modesto and Merced, situated about equally distant on each side, show an annual precipitation of 4.30 to 23.79 inches—a mean for twenty-nine years of 10.26 and 10.03 inches, respectively. The district, being situated between the two points recorded, it is fair to assume that the rainfall throughout the district amounts to about ten inches a year. IRRIGATION. Necessity for. It has been stated above that before irrigation was commenced in the territory now embraced in the Turlock Irrigation District, farming was profitably conducted without irrigation. This was possible, however, only when operations were conducted on a large scale, and a very few persons obtained the profits from the yield of large areas. And further, that profitable crops were only obtained in those years when climatic conditions were particularly favorable. With water available, a crop failure is never experienced. Cooperative Investigations. The United States Department of Agriculture has for several years conducted investigations and experiments in cooperation with the Department of Engineering into the relative yield and value of crops without irrigation and under the application’ of different quantities of water for different kinds of erops. These investigations were con- ducted in 1910, 1911 and 1912 under the direction of Mr. Frank Adams, and the results were published in the report of this Department issued in 1912. Benefits of Irrigation. In the experiments it was found that the value of crops of barley was increased 23 per cent to 114 per cent by irrigation over the value of crops on the same kind of land unirrigated. The net profits on alfalfa crops were increased 374 per cent to 613 per cent, according to the quantity of water applied up to a limiting maximum, It was also found that beyond a certain amount of water applied the increase in yield was not commensurate with the cost of applying it, so that there is a limit to the amount of water that can be profitably used. The following table condensed from a table,* published in the report referred to, shows the effects of the application of different quantities of water during the years mentioned. *Report State Department of Engineering, 1912, page 182. REPORT ON TURLOCK IRRIGATION DISTRICT. TABLE. Results of Irrigating Alfalfa, Davis State Farm. Yield per acre Depth of water applied 7 1910, tons | 1911, tons 1912, tons 0 inches 12 inches 18 inches 24 inches 30 inches 36 inches 48 inches FS PoNaEm IBERBRIER It will be observed that a marked increase of yield was obtained with each increment of . water added up to and including 30 inches, but beyond that amount the increase in yield is so small that it does not pay the added cost. 3—12114 AER eT 14 REPORT ON TURLOCK IRRIGATION DISTRICT. THE DISTRICT'S IRRIGATION WORKS. History. Owing to prolonged litigation following the organization of the dis- trict, the work of construction was not begun until some years later. Modesto District, which was formed to take water from Stanislaus River, changed its plans and adopted Tuolumne River as its source of supply, and by cooperation the two districts were enabled to construct the La Grange dam for joint use. After the completion of the dam, continued Hiigation and lack of funds delayed construction of the canals so that it was fourteen years from the date of organization before any water was available for irriga- tion in the district, although a little was run in the ditches to settle the banks two years earlier. Description of Works. The works as completed consist of the din owned jointly with Mo- desto District, 23 miles of main canal, 58 miles of branch mains, and 142 miles of laterals, aggregating 223 miles of canals, with numerous aqueducts, dikes, tunnels, gates, drops, bridges, etc., and other neces- sary structures as also one reservoir with its appurtenances. La Grarge Dam. This structure, built and owned jointly by Turlock and Modesto irri- gation distriets, is located at the site of the old Wheaton dam, about 13 miles above the historic mining town of La Grange, the former seat of government of Stanislaus County. The dam is a rough rubble masonry dam of the overflow type, 127 feet high, 301 feet long; thickness at base 83 feet, at top 11 feet. It contains 39,652.58 cubic yards of masonry. It is curved in plan, the abutments resting against the solid rock walls of the canyon. Aceord- ing to the records of the district the cost of the dam was $543,164.16, and was completed in September, 1893. Main Canal. : Diversion is made at the east end of the dam (left bank of river) through a tunnel several hundred feet in length. When constructed this tunnel was 13 feet in width. The entrance of water was controlled hy a gate of the ordinary vertical type, the shutters sliding in vertical ways between concrete piers. The shutters raised by screws operated by handwheels. Changes made in these headworks will be described later. From the lower end of the tunnel the canal was excavated along the side of the canyon. Starting at an elevation of more than a hundred feet above the bed of the river, the line of the canal necessarily erosses branch canyons and ravines entering the river at considerable heights above their beds. - When constructed, the canal was carried across these depressions by means of wooden flumes. Jutting cliffs were pierced with tunnels, three of which are encoun- tered on the line. The rock formation along the side of the canyon is mostly stratified, with the laminations on edge and perpendicular to the axis of the canal. Where rock was not encountered the excavation was frequently in ‘leue) yoorng, ‘Aemynidg pue [duuny jo [eyrod ‘we 28uein eg I Br ae sit I TSI Wess STR Te CENA REPORT ON TURLOCK IRRIGATION DISTRICT. 15 gravelly soil. The perviousness of both the rock and gravel sections was so great that much of it had to be lined with cement. After attain- ing the top of the bench land at the side of the canyon the formation changes so that lining is not required. The main canal, after running alo several miles, leaves the canyon, proper, an bench or ‘‘mesa’’ in a westerly direction, parallel with the valley is reached. ng the side of the canyon for d thence runs along on the the river, until Branch Canals. i, At the edge of the plains the ‘‘Highland €anal®’ branches off and runs southerly near the east boundary of the district. About a mile after crossing the Oakdale-Merced railroad near Hick- man the canal divides, the Ceres main branch running westerly near the river, while the parent canal runs south to the main line Southern Pacific Railroad near Delhi, where it loses its identity by being divided into laterals. Laterals. At intervals along its course laterals are taken off which run westerly and southerly, themselves branching into privately owned distributaries until an extensive system of canals and ditches is formed, reaching nearly every tract of land in the district. Reservoirs. About halfway from the dam to the edge .of the plains the main canal passes through a valley, which has been converted into a storage reservoir by constructing dams across the depressions around the rim of the valley. This reservoir, which was completed early in 1914, has an area of more than three square miles and a depth, when full, of 39 feet, at which depth the storage capacity is 47,134 acre-feet. The dams across the depressions around the rim of the valley are all earthen, constructed by the hydraulic fill process. Near the inner toe of each dam is a concrete cut-off wall extending down into what 18 believed to be firm material ; from the surface of the ground the cut-off wall is carried up the surface of the slope, making a concrete pavement that should effectually prevent any wash from wave action. The hydraulic process for earthen dams has the merit of compacting the material more thoroughly than can be accomplished by any other means. The ground upon which the dams surrounding this reservoir rest appears to be firm, but as it is underlain a few feet beneath the surface with hardpan, which in turn frequently rests upon sandy or other per- vious earth, the concrete cut-off walls are a necessity to prevent dan- gerous seepage beneath the dam. The engineer in charge, Mr. Burton Smith, conducted quite extensive exploration at each site to ascertain the depth necessary to carry the walls so as to eut off all pervious strata. Considerable seepage below some of the dams indicates that not quite all loose strata were intercepted. However, should a dam fail at any point but little damage is likely to result excepting expense of repairs, and the loss of stored water pending the repairs. 16 REPORT ON TURLOCK IRRIGATION DISTRICT. The outlet, situated in the line of the canal, is a concrete structure with counter balanced regulating gates. With 37 feet of water against the gates considerable leakage was observed. This does not indicate that any danger of collapse necessarily exists, and it is not probable that absolute safety can be felt until the gates have stood some years. As stated above in regard to the dams, should the gate structure collapse, no great damage would result as the flood pouring down the canal would be turned into the river through wasteways provided for that purpose. West of this reservoir about two miles, and near the canal, is another valley which has been considered as a site for a reservoir, and which may eventually be utilized. IMPROVEMENTS OF THE SYSTEM. The carrying capacity of the canal as constructed was designed to be 1,500 second-feet, but in practice a little more than 1,000 second-feet was the limit carried. In an earlier paragraph it was stated that the canal crossed many ravines by means of wooden flumes. These had become unsafe from decay and were in great need of renewal. Enlargements. In 1913 a complete overhauling and enlarging of the diversion system was undertaken. The intake tunnel at the head was enlarged from 13 to 18 feet in width, and the bottom and sides up to the flow line were lined with concrete. The headgate at the head of the tunnel was removed and a new gate of improved pattern installed at the out- let end of the tunnel. This gate is of the Taintor, or segmental pattern constructed of steel, set in concrete frame. Although of metal and quite heavy it is ingeniously counterbalanced, so that with a pressure against it due to 26 feet head a man can open or close it with great ease and in two or three minutes, while with the old gate it was a long and laborious job to either open or close it. A short distance below the tunnel is a strong guard-gate set in con- crete and between it and the tunnel is a wastegate in the side of the canal through which water may be wasted into the river, falling over ledges of rock so there can be no danger of eroding a channel back to the canal bank. From the end of the tunnel the canal has been increased from its original width of 18 feet to a minimum of 30 feet, and wherever the rock formation indicates liability to seepage, the canal is lined with conerete. All of the tunnels further along the line have also been enlarged, but being in a more homogeneous material are not lined. The enlarged section of the canal and tunnels, with the other improve- ments introduced are estimated to give the works a capacity to divert and carry 2,000 second-feet. Wooden Structures Abandoned. All wooden flumes have been replaced with earth fills, carrying the concrete lined canal across depressions. These fills were constructed by the hydraulic process, washing soil from the adjacent hillsides. The ‘we 23uein eT mopg IW HEH—II4 UeSIon ‘10308I3U0D ‘paeag AL ‘PI61 P23dNIISUO) padaojuial "3931 9/ IYSPH "3993 082 Yiduag tg dnerpdiy ‘spied J1qnd G1. 93310U0d ‘spied 21qnd 000°S9 I'd Hydraulic Fill taking the place of a wooden flume. Height 81 feet. Length 746 feet. 195,295 cubic yards of hydraulic fill, 1,814 cubic yards reinforced concrete, 147,397 square feet stone riprap. Cost $114,114. Completed 1914. Edward O’Malley, contractor. Delaney Fill, Four Miles Below La Grange Dam. ITS CS Net mm RC Se se cg SENS eet A AN tas ATTN... wear REPORT ON TURLOCK IRRIGATION DISTRICT. 17 slopes are protected from rain-wash by stone paving wherever required. Concrete culverts are provided to carry away the drainage of the vicinity. Safeguards. : In localities where special danger may be apprehended alarm gauges are placed which will automatically sound an alarm with any unusual rise or fall of the water, and the alarm is transmitted electrically to the nearest ditch tender’s quarters. : Waste gates to permit surplus water to flow harmlessly out of the canal are provided at convenient points, as are also guard gates where needed. All of these structures are substantially constructed of con- crete. Other Improvements. } For several years the district has followed the practice of replacing worn out wooden structures throughout the delivery system with improved patterns of concrete structures. As a result of this policy most of the division gates, drops, and regulators are now of the perma- nent character. A large number of concrete highway bridges over the . canals have also taken the place of former wooden ones. Many of the regulator gates are of the automatic type which so con- trols the flow into branches that danger of flooding when a sudden rise Gcoure in the main canal is avoided. 4 ileage. AS stated above the total length of the canals owned and operated by Turlock District is 223 miles. : The following table shows the length and date of construction of each unit, exhibiting the growth of the system: : Length, Canals . miles Head canal—from LaGrange Dam to Division of Ceres and Turlock Main. | 23.02 Turlock main—Division gate to head of Lateral 5 : 10.70 Ceres main—Division gate to head of Lateral 3 Lateral No, 1 . Lateral No, 2—upper Lateral No. 2—lower Lateral. No. Lateral No. Lateral No. Lateral No. Lateral No. Lateral No. Stevenson ditch lateral High Line Main Cross ditch No. 1 lateral Cross diteh No. 2 lateral Lateral No. 5% Lateral No. 24—upper Lateral No. 2i—upper. Lateral No. 23—lower Lateral No. 7—extension Ceres main extension Total 8 Résumé Heal canal - 23.08 miles Main canals 58.41 miles Laterals 141.89 miles otal el 223.38 miles *Acquired. 18 REPORT ON TURLOCK IRRIGATION DISTRICT. DRAINAGE SYSTEM. Elsewhere herein reference has been made to hollows or depressions traversing the district below the normal surface of the land. In those localities of depression, the water table has risen until in places ponds have appeared. In other places, while no water appears on the surface, the soil is too wet to cultivate. : ; Drain Ditches. The district undertook some years ago to remedy the threatening evil and constructed some drainage ditches where conditions were most aggravated and thus afforded a large measure of relief, but the trouble has been extending to new territory, and it is becoming very evident that scon a comprehensive system of drainage must be installed. A difficulty to be encountered and one which has already retarded development of drainage, is the exorbitant price demanded for rights of way, even by owners whose lands stand in need of the improvement. The district engineers and management are engaged in studying plans for a system and method of drainage, and expect soon to solve these problems. WATER SUPPLY. Source. ; The source of water supply for the irrigation of the district is the Tuolumne River. The following description of the drainage basin of this stream is quoted from the report of the California State Depart- - ment of Engineering for 1912, page 164: ““The Tuolumne River drainage basin is situated between the Merced and Stanislaus basins on the south and north, respectively, and for a distance of 50 miles along the east the main Sierra divide separates it from Mono Lake and Walker River basins. Its source is formed in glacial lakes clustered around Mount Lyell and a living glacier on the north slope of that peak. The upper reach of the river is through a chain of beautiful valleys and Alpine meadows; then it plunges into a canyon 3,000 to 4,000 feet deep for 25 miles; then through a rock canyon of less depth 55 miles more, making 80 miles of continuous canyon cut in solid granite rock. It enters San Joaquin Valley at La Grange 150 miles from its souree. The most important tributaries of the Tuolumne River are Return, Rancheria, Falls and Cherry creeks, Clavey River, North Fork of Tuolumne River and Woods Creek. The Tuolumne passes through Heteh Hetchy Valley, a duplicate on a small seale of Yosemite Valley, and which the city of San Francisco* is seeking to obtain for a reservoir for a municipal water supply. Eleanor Creek is a tributary of Cherry Creek and drains Lake Eleanor, which is also a unit of the aforesaid water supply project. The Tuolumne basin varies from 300 feet elevation at the mouth of the canyon to 12,000 feet or more along the main divide. The upper portions have but little forest. The middle part is heavily *By an act of congress the city has since been granted a right to use Hetch Hetchy Valley and Lake Eleanor for the purpose stated. REPORT ON TURLOCK IRRIGATION DISTRICT. 19 timbered with several varieties of conifers, all lumber trees. The foothills are fairly well covered with scrubby timber and brush. The rainfall varies from 10 inches to 60 inches, according to altitude. There are some very fine reservoir sites in this basin, and several small ones have been utilized.”’ Stream Flow. . The earliest record of stream measurements on the Tuolumne were made by the State of California under the direction of the Engineering Department in the years November, 1878, fo October, 1884, inclusive. The gauging station was located at Modesto and during the years named the minimum flow, amounting to 1,451,000 acre-feet, occurred in 1878-79; the maximum, 2,602,000, was .in 1879-80, while the mean annual flow for the six-year period was 1,940,000 acre-feet. ~ Following the cessation of the measurements in 1884, which was caused by the Engineering Department being abolished, no measure- ments were made until 1891, when the station at Modesto was reestab- lished by the United States Geological Survey. Owing to backwater from the San Joaquin, and other unfavorable conditions, the measure- ments made here are considered unsatisfactory. On August 29, 1895, a gauge was established by the United States Geological Survey at the wagon bridge across the river at La Grange. On April 1, 1908, the station was moved to the La Grange Dam, two miles above the bridge, since which date all measurements have been made at the dam. The flow has been determined by considering the dam as a weir. i The measurements taken at the dam account for all the water reach- ing it. The diversions affecting this flow are three in number, to wit, by Turlock and Modesto Irrigation Districts at the dam and the power ditch of the La Grange Water and Power Company which takes water from the river 12 or 15 miles above the dam, passes it through a hydro- electric generating plant about half a mile below the dam, and there returning it to the river. Diversions. Measurements of the quantity of water carried by this power ditch were not systematically made and record kept until 1908. Formerly the occasional measurements made indicated that the ditch usually ran about 30 to 32 second feet. When this hydroelectric plant was built in 1907 the ditch was re- paired and since then has delivered as much as 33,100 acre-feet in a year to the power plant, the water running thence to the river. The Turlock Distriet ditch diverted a small quantity of water at the dam in 1898, and gradually increased the amount each year. A gauge record has been kept since July, 1899. The Modesto Irrigation District Canal, diverting at the end of the dam opposite the head of the Turlock District Canal, was not completed until 1903, and since April 26th of that year a continuous record has been kept of the water diverted. From the above statement it appears that reliable data of stream flow in the Tuolumne River at the head of Turlock Irrigation District begins with 1896. A, Sansa Fics 20 REPORT ON TURLOCK IRRIGATION DISTRICT. WATER RIGHTS OF THE DISTRICT. Relationship with Modesto District. It has been shown that Turlock and Modesto Irrigation Districts acquired the Wheaton rights jointly; that they filed appropriations contemporaneously or nearly so; and that they cooperated in the con- struction of the great La Grange Dam which diverts the water of Tuolumne River into the canals of both districts. In discussing the rights of Turlock District, and estimating the quantity of water available for its use, the rights of Modesto District must always be considered. Pioneer Rights. The oldest right to divert water from Tuolumne River in the vicinity of the distriet’s headworks was initiated by the Franklin Water Com- pany which was organized November 30, 1854, and the French Bar Water Company organized December 6, 1854. November 17 , 1855, the rights of these two companies passed to the Stanislaus Water Company and later, May 28, 1862, came into the possession of Elam Dye, John Boxby and John Reedy. The last named became the sole owner by deeds from his partners on March 27, 1867, and May 7, 1868. Reedy conveyed his rights to Michael Kelly, September 16, 1870, and on May 1, 1871, Kelly posted a new notice of appropriation. On June 26, 1871, he conveyed his rights to J. M. Thompson, Charles Elliott, and M. A. Wheaton. Wheaton and others filed a notice ap- propriating 500,000 inches on May 18, 1872, and through a series of deeds the title to all of these rights finally rested in Wheaton. District Appropriation. January 5th, 1889, Turlock Irrigation Distriet, by E. B. Clark, presi- dent, and R. M. Williams, secretary, posted a notice claiming 225 000 inches of water ‘‘at the place where Wheaton’s dam crosses said river.” Also a second notice the same day claiming 225,000 inches ‘“at a point of rock about one hundred and fifty feet north of the La Grange Hydraulic Mining Company ’s house, situate about one quarter mile above Wheaton’s dam.”’ On June 11th and August 15th, 1890, Wheaton conveyed to Modesto Irrigation District and to Modesto and Turlock distriets jointly, his water rights described as ‘‘the first and original water right under which water was first diverted from said Tuolumne River. ’’ The Wheaton dam was located at the site of the present La Grange dam, constructed and used jointly by the two distriets. Following the aequisition of Wheaton’s rights, Modesto District, by G. D. Wooten, a director, on June 21, 1890, posted a notice at the west end of the Wheaton dam on the opposite side of the river from the Turlock District’s notice, claiming 250,000 inches of water, equivalent to 5,000 second feet. Storage Appropriation. : Again, on October 1, 1908, Modesto District posted a notice at the head of its canal claiming 50,000 inches (1,000 second feet) ‘‘in addition to the 850 second feet heretofore appropriated and utilized by said Modesto Irrigation District.’’ The notice further recites that ‘‘The purpose for which said water 1s claimed is for irrigation, power and all other purposes permitted by REPORT ON TURLOCK IRRIGATION DISTRICT. 21 the act of the legislature under which said irrigation district is organ- ized, and more particularly for the purpose of storing said water in a reservoir belonging to, or to be acquired or constructed by the said district east of the town of Waterford, for the purpose of supplementing the flow of the Tuolumne River in seasons of scarcity, to the end and purpose that in addition to the appropriation of said distriet, it may divert, during seasons of high water from the so-called storm, flcod or extra seasonal flow of said river, an amount of water sufficient to fill said reservoir, which will have a capacity of approximately 40,000 acre-feet” * * * “The appropriation is made for the express pur- pose of acquiring a right of water in excess of the appropriation of the district heretofore made good, sufficient when stored to augment or supplement the normal flow of the river, so as to give to the said Modesto Irrigation District a continuous or mean flow during the entire year of 850 second feet.’’ Turlock Irrigation District on August 31, 1911, posted a notice at the head of its canal claiming 200,000 inches (4,000 second feet) ‘‘for irrigating the lands within said district * * * and for the pur- pose of storing the same in a reservoir or reservoirs to be constructed by the said district * * * for the purpose of supplementing the flow of Tuolumne River in seasons of scarcity, the water to be at such times of scarcity withdrawn from said reservoirs * * #* to the end and purpose that, in addition to the water ordinarily diverted by said district from said Tuolumne River and applied forthwith to the irriga- tion of lands within said district, the said district may also divert during seasons of high water an amount of water sufficient to fill said reservoirs * * * {9 3 capacity of 100,000’ acre-feet. Résumé, . A summary of the appropriations, recited in the foregoing para- graphs, upon the records of which the two districts base their water rights, shows an aggregate of 1,000,000 inches equivalent to 20,000 second-feet ‘‘filed on,’’ as follows: May 18, 1370 Wheaton €f al....cmocuummmmeuneemmeooesoa sd LE 50,000 inches January 5, 1580 TURIOEE DISC. cn cme--eeee rome emer oo meee Lm | 450,000 inches Junie 21, 1800 MOES0. INBETICH. ov auniawnrer rere ermmon omens seem ee 250,000 inches Qctober 1, 1008—Modesto District... oer 50,000 inches August 81, 191--Turlock District... [TTT eens | 200,000 inches Total TE Ee ctr ce sf gm mn rm 1 mmm ts sm mr mmm mmm mmm] 1,000,000 OCHES The Wheaton ditch was never measured, or at least no record of any measurement is available, but as it is known to have been very small it could never have diverted but a small portion of the water elaimed by the notice. Division of Water. In the division of the waters between the two districts, they have agreed that each shall be entitled to share in proportion to the respective areas of the districts. For convenience it has been the practice to divide the water in the proportion of two thirds to Turlock and one third to Modesto District. This conforms very nearly with the terms of the agreement and also with the appropriations, as the areas in each are, respectively, 68} and 22 REPORT ON TURLOCK IRRIGATION DISTRICT, 31% per cent of the combined areas, while the ratio of the quantity claimed by their respective notices of the location is 671 per cent to Turlock and 32} per cent to Modesto District. . Adverse Rights. There are many old claims recorded to the appropriation of water from the Tuolumne River and its several tributaries in the mountains. A great many of them were made for mining purposes, very few of which are now alive, and perhaps, none are entitled to more than a small proportion of the water claimed in their respective notices. These appropriations, whatever their size, are for water used miles away from the district’s headworks, and do not affect the record of the flow at La Grange Dam. There are later appropriations, however, which if they do not now affect the flow of the river will do so in the future, should they become fully developed. Upper River Claims. On North Fork the Tuolumne Electric Company operates a small hydroelectric plant, using perhaps 50 second-feet of water. This company has permits from the United States Forest Service, or applica- tions for permits pending, to construct several reservoirs for power purposes. Should these ever materialize, the reservoirs will be filled from flood waters, and their effect will bé to cause the flow in the river below to be made more uniform. On the Main River the National Park Electric Company, Tuolumne Power and Light Company and Yosemite Power Company filed several notices, and obtained by deed or grant, rights of individuals who had filed water appropriations. The two last named _corporations are practically one company. All of these claimants have applications pending with the Forest Service. Whether one or all of these companies carry out the projects outlined in their applications for permits, they will utilize all of the low water flow in both Main and South forks and impound much of the flood waters of these streams. The effect of the storage of flood waters and the use of all low waters for generating electric power will be to equalize the low water flow throughout the summer months, prolonging it beyond the irrigation season, and to some extent decreasing the quantity the districts would otherwise get in the early summer months. While ostensibly the prime use to which these intercepted waters will be put is the generation of power, yet nearly all of their notices read ‘‘for power, irrigation, domestic and municipal purposes.’’ It is quite plain that the districts have acquired an indisputable right to all of the water which they have obtained under their original appropriations, but they (the districts) have endeavored to increase their appropriations by later filings and by enlarging their works; but the power companies made their filings prior to the later filings of the districts, and while they have done little physical work toward accomp- lishing diversion their claims have been pending all these years before the Forest Service. The law requires an appropriator to begin work within sixty days after posting notice; provided that if any portion of the works are within a forest reserve he must apply to the service for a permit, and REPORT ON TURLOCK IRRIGATION DISTRICT. 23 he then has sixty days after the permit is granted to begin work, but “under forest regulations he can not begin construction within the re- serve until the permit is granted. The questions now arise: (1) When the permits shall have been granted to the power companies and they then ‘‘diligently prosecute the work until completed’’ as required by the statute, will their rights date back to the date of filing notices, prior to the inception of the district’s second rights? (2) Will the power companies then have the right to divert all of the water not covered by the distriet’s prior rights, and use it for purposes other than the development of power? Hetch Hetchy Grant. ; : The United States congress, in 1913, granted to the city of San Fran- cisco the right to store water at Hetch Hetchy Valley on the Main Tuolumne River, and at Lake Eleanor on a tributary thereof. The grant permits the city to take of the stored waters 400,000,000 gallons daily, which amount is equivalent to a continuous flow of 619 second-feet, but declares that Turlock and Modesto Irrigation districts are entitled to have at all times 2,350 second-feet of water at La Grange Dam. It further stipulates that the grantee shall not intercept, or interfere with, the natural flow of the streams when there shall be a less amount than 2,350 second-feet of water flowing at La Grange Dam. The grant does not require the city to release any of its stored water for the free benefit of the districts, but does require it to sell water to the districts, on demand, whenever they shall need it. So far as the Government and its control over the situation is con- cerned, the combined right of the two districts to 2,350 second-feet of the natural flow of the river at La Grange Dam is conceded by the terms of the grant named. And the records of stream flow measured in the district canals and the river, show that it has been the practice of the districts to divert all of the water reaching the dam whenever the quantity did not. exceed their needs or the capacity of their canals. This having been done continuously for many years without arousing protest, and the Heteh Hetehy grant conceding 2,350 second-feet at that point seems to con- firm the right of the districts to continue the practice. But the city of San Francisco has filed notices of appropriation under the state laws, and acquired the rights of others filing such notices, claiming in the aggregate 11,000 second-feet of water. While it is not probable that the city will or can assert a claim to more than is named in its grant, yet in order that there may be no doubt in the matter, preparations are being made to bring an action by which the exact status of the city’s ~ claim adversely to the districts’ rights shall be defined by judicial decree. Other Adverse Claims. ; Since the two districts filed their last notices of ‘‘storage appropria- tions’’ Waterford Irrigation District and Dry Creek Irrigation district have been formed and both have caused notices of appropriation to be filed. These appropriations are to be made a short distance above La Grange Dam, but it is manifest that they must be subordinate to all the rights of the districts. 24 REPORT ON TURLOCK IRRIGATION DISTRICT, Notices claiming the appropriation of nearly 14,000 inches of water below the dam ave been filed within the last three years, but these claims are also subject to the rights of the districts, Mention was made in a previous paragraph of the diversion of water above La Grange Dam by La Grange Water and Power Company ; that formerly this com i feet which was Turlock District has begun an action in court to determine the right of the power company to increase the amount of its diversion. Status of All Rights. From the foregoing statements it appears that certain power panies have rights now pending, that if perfected will enable the use the waters of Tuolumne Rj development of power; that such the flow in the com- m to AVAILABLE WATER SUPPLY. It has been stated that the two districts comb; as they require, of the waters of Tuolumne Riy Dam, and that their appropriations are reco fore each district is affected by the variation ing to its proportionate rights. The records of flow in the river, previously referred to, cover all the water reaching Ia Grange Dam, and include the diversions by both district canals as well as that passing over the dam. In the following i for 17 years. acre-feet. ned take all, or as much er reaching the Tuolumne gnized as coincident, there- s of flow in the river accord- REPORT ON TURLOCK IRRIGATION DISTRICT, TABLES : ar. Of Flow of Tuolumne River, Expressed in Acre Feet for Each Month of the Ye Month 1896 1897 1898 1899 142,159 75,692 27,916 January _ ‘ 66,954 287,238 49,983 February 167,578 247,920 75,261 Mareh ___ 209,574 460,263 238,849 April 272,371 733,121 284,075 May __. 457,705 337,566 138,705 dune ... 184,677 | 134,105 17,082 July ... 29,828 14,573 5,226 August _ 25,742 5,117 1,190 September 7,366 13,650 3,197 October 67,543 45,699 2,321 Noyaubey 66,603 67,883 15,741 ember _ : 29,945 41,098 222,341 309,004 277,495 360,504 62,103 8,916 1,964 31,051 144,476 187,354 1,698,100 | 2,422,827 855,496 1, 676,342 Month 1900 Jest > = i — bd > ow January 15 3% February 144,065 March . 142,155 jpn . 417,870 —_— 314,836 Joe 7 42,672 August _ ag September 75.507 October . 150.902 November 81.902 December ? - 88ER - 38k - REESE g8Es hn jury > to 2 - 58 - — on re2slE SEE 5 sal ® wo 8g = — = Go S 8 oo co 88 49,743 »532E288s8 S8RREEEE - : 167 | 1,573,458 Totals 1,078,408 | 2,539 1 8 2a S| 8388 St o January _ February _ Mareh _____ April... .... 58 S¥% - 2 » gRE28EE Do = July _____ August __. September October _._____ November December appsigd | - 2 - SEEEES - EnSE 8 g8 -3 35588388888 1,440,168 | 3,629,2 TETRIS I IAS ER EVIE REPORT ON TURLOCK IRRIGATION DISTRICT. Table of Flow of Tuolumne River—Continued. | Month 1908 | 1910 1911 1912* 000 870,300 216,700 445,300 434,400 512,000 817,300 THABATY. enero sein mimi ar | | | | | 447,300 | February Mareh ___ or ~1 SE - | | | 0 2 000 900 128,200 206,800 100 900 28 0 60,100 12,100 5,750 August _ September October November December - - . ow 4,750 10,800 s33ies fy? tim cet 1,024,500 | 2,992,880 | 1,749,100 | 3,336,200 *The figures for 1912 are approximate, the rating tables not having been adjusted at the time of the report. Mean annual flow for period of seventeen years, 2,120,300 acre-feet. Inspection of the foregoing tables discloses the fact that 65% per cent of the mean annual flow occurs during April, May, June and July, those being also the months when the greatest quantity is diverted by the canals. THE DISTRICT'S REQUIREMENTS. In the calculations of the quantity of water required to be diverted at the La Grange Dam, the needs of the two districts are taken together and considered as an entirety. The areas of the districts, it has been stated, are as follows: Turlock 176,566 acres Modesto y Cm 81,143 acres Combined ___. 257,709 acres The topography and character of soil of both districts are such that little waste land occurs, and eventually practically the whole area will be under irrigation. : It is believed that the area occupied by buildings, roads, ete., will not exceed 10 per cent of the whole. Assuming then that ultimately 90 per cent of the entire area of the districts will demand the water to which it is entitled under their com- bined appropriations, the total area to be irrigated is found to be 231,938 acres. Quantity of Water Required. ! In a previous paragraph it has been shown that in certain portions of California similarly situated to these. districts, the quantity of water which produced the most profitable returns from irrigating alfalfa was 21 acre-feet. Since alfalfa is cultivated in these districts to a much larger extent than all other products it is assumed that the lands of the district will require 2} acre feet of water for their best development. The engineers of the districts, in the controversy with the city of San Francisco over the granting by Congress of rights in Hetch Hetchy, contended that 2% acre feet was required, and in their calculations used 3 or more acre feet as a basis for estimates. Two and one half acre feet on 231,938 acres will require that 079,845 acre feet of water shall be conveyed to the lands of the districts. REPORT ON TURLOCK IRRIGATION DISTRICT. 27 Seepage Losses. But little reliable data are obtainable as to the probable loss of water in the canals, between the point of diversion and the delivery to thelands. In 1904 the United States Department of Agriculture made investiga- tion in Turlock and Modesto districts to determine seepage losses. In that year it was found that the Turlock District diverted 166,845 acre- feet of water from the river at the dam and delivered to the edge of the district near Hickman 136,753 acre-feet, sustaining a loss of 18 per cent in 23 miles of main canal alone. This investigation was made when the canal was new, and before the silt in the water had filled the pores in the sides and bottom. Fur- thermore, long stretches of the canal had unlined sections which have since been faced with concrete, so that it is believed that 20 per cent is a fair amount to allow now for seepage losses, for the system. Net Requirements. Assuming that 80 per cent of the water diverted must reach the lands, then. 212345 — 724 816 acre-feet, which will be the gross quantity of water required to be diverted by both districts in order that 21 acre- feet shall be available for 90 per cent of their lands. Monthly Variations of Use. The quantity of water used annually for irrigation is not distributed uniformly throughout the year, but varies during the several months according to the seasons, crops, soils, and methods of application. The ratio that each month’s consumption bears to the total yearly use has never been definitely determined. In faet, it varies greatly in different localities. In 1904 the Office of Experiment Stations, United States Department of Agriculture, conducted observations and made records of the water diverted and used by Turlock and Modesto districts, during each month. According to those records the greatest use occurred during the midsummer months, when the monthly use amounted to as much as 19 per cent of the total used during the year. ~The United States Geological Survey in cooperation with the State Department of Engineering has recorded the flow diverted by both canals since they have been operating and this record shows that during four summer months the flow has been 73.6 per cent of the mean annual diversion, or an average of 18.4 per cent of the yearly flow for each of the months, April, May, June, and July. The record shows a sudden decline for August to about 7 or 8 per cent, and little or none for the remaining months. These records give the diversions at the heads of the canals and do not account for loss or waste, still it is believed they are a fair indica- tion of the ratio of use, since the waste and loss at any time is probably proportionate to the quantity diverted. As the areas of irrigated lands in the distriets shall be extended and they become more highly developed, with changes in the character of crops cultivated, the rise of the water table and the acquisition of skill in the science of irrigation, the monthly ratios may change somewhat, but the above figures probably. indicate closely the requirements for many years to come. REPORT ON TURLOCK IRRIGATION DISTRICT. ADEQUACY OF WATER SUPPLY. The foregoing discussion now raises the question ‘‘Is the water supply adequate for the needs of the district ?’’ From the tables of stream flow during the seventeen years recorded it is seen that the smallest annual runoff occurred in 1898 and 1912, when the total flow was 854,496 and 987,600 acre-feet, respectively. Excess Flow. The daily gauge records show that during May and June of each year there were days when the flow exceeded the combined capacity of the canals of the two districts, and had they been in full operation to their intended maximum capacities there would still have been con- siderable water gone over the dam and down to the sea. The unavoidable waste—unavoidable without adequate storage— would have amounted to 195,700 acre-feet in 1898 and 353,400 acre- feet in 1912. Two Acre-Feet Available. . Sufficient water was available to the two districts, during the years of smallest flow recorded (and allowing for 20 per cent loss in transit), to have covered 90 per cent of the lands in both districts with a fraction over 2 feet in depth. It may be assumed then that the natural flow of the river will afford never less than 2 acre-feet of water to the districts. Possible Storage. The storage facilities of the two districts already provided, afford about .27 acre-feet and both districts possess opportunities for increas- ing this amount to about .60 care-feet for the entire area to be irrigated. Turlock District has taken preliminary steps to acquire additional storage to a possible gross amount of 295000 acre-feet. Adequate Supply Available. The conclusions drawn from the above are that the natural flow of the river in the driest years furnishes never less than 2 acre-feet of water that may be available for the lands of the district; that 2 acre- feet, under present methods of use is not sufficient for the utmost development of the district as an alfalfa growing region, but that 2 feet of water, applied judiciously will produce highly remunerative crops of other products and fairly remunerative returns upon alfalfa and dairy uses; that with the storage facilities, present and prospective, the supply of water reasonably certain to be obtainable is adequate for all needs of the district. VALUE OF WATER RIGHTS AND IRRIGATION WORKS. Appraisal. In 1911 the district caused a very complete schedule of its property to be made for the purpose of inaugurating a correct system of account- ing. The list includes the dam, all canals and drain ditches, headgates, tunnels; guard, check, and division gates; drops, waste gates, flumes, retaining walls, bridges and all other structures in or pertaining to the canals; rights of way, reservoir sites, roads, telephone lines, build- ings and lots—in fact, all physical property of every kind owned by the distriet. REPORT ON TURLOCK IRRIGATION DISTRICT. 29 The value placed upon the property at that time by the appraisers was $1,745,000.00, not including the water rights which were entered as being worth $3,000,000.00. Since the above appraisal was made the system has been enlarged and improved as recited in a previous paragraph, and additional reser- voir sites acquired, all at a cost of more than a half million dollars. Method Incorrect. The values adopted in the appraisal seem to have been obtained from prices paid for real estate and estimates of the probable cost of con- struction, making allowance for deterioration of perishable parts. This method does not necessarily show the true value of a property. True Valuation. It is conceived that it is the earning capacity of an enterprise as a going concern—its value as a revenue producer, which should be sought. It would seem proper then to inquire what would be the probable value placed upon such a property by a prospective purchaser seeking an investment. Elements of Value. : Water or water rights are of little or no tangible value unless taken in connection with the works necessary for connecting the water with ‘the land, though they may possess a speculative value dependent upon the prospect of acquiring the necessary works. : The irrigation works—dams, canals, reservoirs, and their various appurtenances are of little or no value without water and an established right to its use. Reservoir sites are not of value, as such, until the reservoirs are created, and then do not acquire value until the water is available to fill them. Although none of the foregoing may be of value to an irrigation enterprise when considered alone, when correlated as units of a com- plete plant they may possess a very tangible value, provided the land is at hand which will furnish a market for the commodity, water. In the foregoing discussions of Turlock District the following facts were shown to exist: (1) The lands of the district require 2} acre-feet of water a year to insure their fullest development in the cultivation of alfalfa; but that very remunerative crops may be produced by the application of 2 acre- feet a year. (2) That the records of stream flow in Tuolumne River for seventeen years show that there was sufficient water available to the district to furnish 2% acre-feet for the lands every year, with two exceptions; and that in the driest year recorded there would have been 2.16 acre-feet available. (3) That the district has established its right, which is recognized in the Hetch Hetchy grant, to take at least that amount of water. (4) That the area of the district is 176,566 acres, of which 90 per cent will be irrigated, amounting in round numbers to 158,900 acres. 30 REPORT ON TURLOCK IRRIGATION DISTRICT. Ruling Cost of Water. The value of water, gauged by the price paid for it, varies within wide limits in different parts of the State. In southern California $1,000.00 for a miner’s inch is not an un- usual price, and on oceasion much more has been paid. A miner’s inch of water, as known in that portion of California, is equivalent to .02 second-foot or 14.48 acre-feet in a year. The price stated would be at the rate of $69 an acre-foot. Some irrigators buy the right to rent water, paying $70 for the “‘right’’ and then pay for the water received $70 for one inch for a year, being limited to one inch for 10 acres. Since an inch is equivalent to 14.48 acre-feet, each acre will receive 1.45 acre-feet for which pay- ment is made at the rate of $4.83 for an aere-foot. It is needless to say that only products susceptible of intensive cultivation in the highest degree could afford to pay such prices for water. In localities where water is more plentiful, as in the regions about Fresno, water is furnished as low as 60 cents an acre a year without limit as to quantity. This price, however, was fixed many years ago, when the ditch owner could not control the conditions. In other localities in the San Joaquin Valley the charge ranges from one to two dollars an acre for all the water needed during the year. Many private pumping plants exist throughout the valley, and it has been found that the cost of water delivered by pumps varies from 1.8 to 2.2 cents per acre foot per foot lift, and that the lift is from 20 to: 40 feet. Taking the mean cost at 2 cents and the mean lift at 30 feet, the average cost of water pumped is 60 cents an acre-foot. Value as an Investment. Reverting now to Turlock District and the probable value of its works and water rights as an investment : There are 158,900 acres of land requiring 24 acre-feet, or a yearly use of 397,250 acre-feet of water. Assuming that 60 cents an acre is a fair rental value, and that the cost of administration will be 33} per cent of the receipts: 397,250 X .60 = $238,350.00 gross receipts Expenses, one third= 79,450.00 $158,900.00 The profits capitalized at 7 per cent: 07] $158,600.00 $2,264,285.00 from which it appears that an investment of that amount, or say $2,250,000, should yield an income of 7 per cent of an ordinary year. Taking the most extreme dry year recorded, when there was but 2.16 acre feet of water available, and the figures appear as follows: 158,900 X 2.16 = 343,224 acre-feet, at 60 cents,” receipts $206,134 C0 Operation, one third 68,711 00 PROBUS. avn rimmrram i tariimmmtmn mis tn a dia et a LL TT Rls So $137,423 00 $137,423.00 — 6.10 ti $2.250,000.00 J. per cent 1mcome. It is to be admitted that at the present time not all of the district is using water, and it will be some years before the full demands con- templated will be made. REPORT ON TURLOCK IRRIGATION DISTRICT. 31 It is expected that about 112,000 acres will be irrigated this year, and more added to the area each year until the whole is developed. Also, the new lands require more water the first one or two years after being brought under irrigation, so that the rate of 2 acre-feet per acre will always be exceeded while the area is increasing. But assuming that 112,000 acres this year would buy the water and all the other elements of the caleulations remain as above, the income on 2} millions of dollars invested would be 4.95 per cent. Accepted Value. : In view of the foregoing, the figures, $2,250,000.00 are here pre- sented as representing the reasonable value of the water, water rights and irrigation works of Turlock Irrigation District. ; Respectfully submitted. : (Signed) P. M. NORBOE, Assistant State Engineer. esos a Et I —— ame A . 32 REPORT ON TURLOCK IRRIGATION DISTRICT. REPORT OF TURLOCK IRRIGATION DISTRICT. By W. H. SNYDER. Organization. : The Turlock Irrigation District is a quasi municipal corporation organized under the act of the legislature of the State of - California; approved March 7, 1887, entitled ‘‘ An act to provide for the organiza- tion and government of irrigation districts and to provide for the acquisition of water and other property, and for the distribution of water thereby for irrigation purposes.” A petition was presented to the board of supervisors of Stanislaus County, signed by a majority in number of the holders of title or evidence of title to lands susceptible of irrigation from a common source. The date for the election was fixed by the board, and was regularly held in each division of the district on May 28, 1887. At the regular meeting of the board of supervisors on June 6, 1887, the board found that the election had been duly and regularly held according to law, and the officers were duly elected. The board fixed the boundaries of the district and declared that it was duly organized as the Turlock Irrigation District. The commission finds that the organization of the district was vali- dated by the act of the legislature of the State of California entitled ‘““An act to recognize and declare valid all proceedings in Turlock Irrigation Distriet,”” approved March 1, 1911. The commission is therefore fully satisfied with the de jure organization of the district. District’s Bond Issue. The district has requested the commission to validate the following bond issues for the purposes provided in chapter 366 of Statutes of 1913: : Funding issue, dated July 1, 1902 -- $1,156,000. 00 First special issue, dated January 1, 1905 | 200,000 00 Second special issue, dated July 1, 1910 100,000 00 Third special bond issue, dated January 1, 1911 : In connection with the investigation of the above bond issues the commission has examined the records of the United States Land Office at Sacramento and the records of the recorder’s office of the counties of Stanislaus and Merced to verify the issuance of patents to the lands within the district. The Commission finds that patents have been issued to all but 160 acres of the lands within the distriet. The 160 acres have been deducted from the total lands subject to valuation by this Commission. Other Bond Issues. The Commission finds that the following bond issues are a lien upon the lands of the district: 1. Turlock Municipal Bonds. 2. Turlock Street Improvement Bonds. 3. School Bonds. REPORT ON TURLOCK IRRIGATION DISTRICT. 33 1. The bonded indebtedness of the city of Turlock is set forth in the certificate of the city clerk of the city of Turlock, as follows: Water bonds $49,525 00 Sewer bonds : 45,675 00 2. The outstanding bonds for street improvements in the city of Turlock amount to $61,721.49. 3. Outstanding school bonds affecting the lands in the district as shown by the records of the office of the treasurer of Stanislaus County as of date September 15, 1913: : { Issue School bonds | Amount July 1, 1904 | Tegner July 1, 1904 | Washington _ July 14, 1905 | Central January 11, 1906 | Elendale January 15, 1907 | Turlock High April 15, 1908 | Mitchell May 13, 1908 | Mountain View May 13, 1908 | Monte Vista June 10, 1908 | Empire September 15, 1908 | Tegner September 15, 1908 | Ceres » May 10, 1909 | Mountain View February 15, 1910 | Fairview May 10, 1910 | Turlock November 15, 1910 | Rowe April 11, 1911 | Jones July 11, 1911 | Central (second issue) August 15, 1911 | Elmdale November 14, 1911 | Rose Lawn oe SE 2s 53 - 888 oR ro 8 Swrwl g838 28888 : 8 IS g 8 . oo. pelBes £88888 288888 .- oe ow gases 888888 February 13, 1912 | Rowe _____ June 11, 1912 | Lowell August 13, 1912 | Elmdale October 15, 1912 | Turlock Market Value of Lands. i Section 2, subdivision (¢) of chapter 366 of the Statutes of 1913 provides that the Commission shall determine ‘‘the reasonable market value of the lands included within the boundaries of the distriet.’’ For the purposes of this report it is assumed that the words ‘ reasonable market value of the lands’’ as used in chapter 366 of the Statutes of 1913 has the same meaning as ‘‘cash value of real estate and city and town lots,’’ found in section 35 of the irrigation act of March 31, 1897, as amended March 19, 1909 (Statutes of 1909, page 461) which are defined by the latter act so as to include and exclude as follows: 1. Include the cash value of real estate other than city and town lots. ; 2. Include the cash value of city and town lots. 3. Exclude improvements on all lands or town lots within such irrigation district. The term ‘‘improvements’’ includes trees, vines, alfalfa and all crops and all buildings and structures of whatsoever class erected or being erected upon said land or city or town lots. 34 REPORT ON TURLOCK IRRIGATION DISTRICT. REPORT ON TURLOCK IRRIGATION DISTRICT. 35 Land Values. The boundaries of the district include 17 6,210 acres, of which 2.253 acres are consumed in railroads and highways. The city of Turlock covers 850 acres, which are taken into account at their assessed valua- tion for the reason that the city only indirectly benefits from the irrigation system. The district owns 1,768 acres within its boundaries, occupied by canals. Non-irrigable property amounting to 6,558 acres is taken into account at $10.00 per acre. ; ; The Commission finds that the reasonable market value of the property within the district is $28,458,180.00. Water Rights. ’ J The Commission finds that the district has a right to the amount of . WE JW { | Vy 2 water which it has appropriated from the Tuolumne River, and has RR en ANS ABES Me JT atta Art em put to a beneficial use. The amount so appropriated is shown by | ct pee” A NCE TT schedules in the first part of this report. { CL we; ER ET MD SAINT, i i 3 senna a ggg er fn 9 TL RE} \ i rang PRR eure / 7 i \ Ny 3. =n 7 \ € : - oo — ud ores capenses snall ve para-within sixty days from the time when proper demand shall have | "AP OF MODE S10, TURLOCK, OAKDALE 4% SOUTH SAN JOAQUIN IRRIGATICN DISTRICTS CONPILED BY DEPARTMEN OF ENGINEERING STATE IRRIGATION DISTRCT BOND COMMISSION 1914. Sn ( MLES $ 34 REPORT ON TURLOCK IRRIGATION DISTRICT. Land Values. } ga , N\ APPENDIX A. ACT COMPELLING TAXATION FOR PAYMENT OF BONDS. CHAPTER 60. An act to amend an act entitled ‘An act to provide for the organiza- tion and government of irrigation districts, and to provide for the acquisition or construction thereby of works for the irrigation of the lands embraced within such districts, and, also, to provide for the distribution of water for irrigation purposes,”’ approved March 31, 1897, by amending section thirty-nine thereof, relating to the levying and collection of assessments. [Approved April 23, 1913.] A A AE AE A SAA ted AM ER The people of the State of California do enact as follows: Section 1. Section thirty-nine of the act entitled ‘‘An act to pro- vide for the organization and government of irrigation districts, and to provide for the acquisition or construction thereby of works for the irrigation of the lands embraced within such districts, and, also, to provide for the distribution of water for irrigation purposes,’’ approved March 31, 1897, is hereby amended to read as follows: Section 39. - The board of directors shall then, within fifteen days after the close of its session as a board of equalization, levy an assess- ment sufficient to raise the annual interest on the outstanding bonds, and in any year in which any bond shall fall due must increase such assessment to an amount sufficient to raise a sum sufficient to pay the principal of the outstanding bonds as they mature; also, sufficient to pay in full all sums due, or that shall become due from the district, before the time for levying the next annual assessment, on account of rentals or charges for lands, water or water rights acquired by said district under lease or contract ; also, sufficient to pay in full the amount of any other contract or obligation of the district which shall have been reduced to judgment. The secretary of the board must compute and enter in a separate column of the assessment book the respective sums in dollars and cents to be paid as an assessment on the property therein enumerated. When collected, the assessment shall be paid into the distriet treasury and be apportioned to the several proper funds. In case of the neglect or refusal of the board of directors to cause such assessment and levies to be made as in this act provided, then the duly equalized assessment made by the county assessor of the county or each of the respective counties in which the district is situated shall be the basis of assessment for the district, and the board of supervsiors of the county in which the office of the board of directors of said district is situated shall cause an assessment roll of said district to be prepared, and shall make the levy required by this act, in the same manner and with like effect as if the same had been made by said board of directors, and all expenses incident thereto shall be borne by such district and may be collected by suit at law, which shall be commenced by the dis- trict attorney of the county whose board of supervisors caused said assessment roll to be prepared, unless the amount of such expenses shall be paid within sixty days from the time when proper demand shall have *