THE

bERCULES FURENS

OF

EURIPIDES.

 
SR Game BES

LTR >

THE

HERCULES FURENS

OF

EURIPIDES.

   
 

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UNIVERSITY
Carron

 
Cambridge :
PRINTED BY C. J. CLAY, M.A. & SON,
AT THE UNIVERSITY PRESS.
THE

HERCULES FURENS

OF

EURIPIDES.
ZAith Brief English Potes.

BY

PF. A. PALEY, M.A,

   

LATE CLASSICAL EXAMINER TO THE UNIVERSITY 0

Jar mn ER
Sac RRSITY

CAMBRIDGE:

DEIGHTON, BELL, AND CO.
LONDON: WHITTAKER AND CO., G. BELL AND SONS.

1883.
 
 
  
 

BR [13973

TY) Hsh
A. 1523
>

MA iN
INTRODUCTION.

Tae play entitled HPAKAHZ MAINOMENOZ, ¢ Heracles
turning mad,” may be said to have a twofold interest. ‘In
the first place, it is a fine and well-written drama,—a noble
specimen of the great and varied genius of Euripides,—in
the next, it unfolds to the student of Mythology an im-
portant phase of that universal feature of all the great
religions of old, Sun-worship.

That both Hercules and Theseus’, who made the descent
into the lower world and returned from it to earth, mean the
Sun which seems to set in the west and to rise in the east,—
that old Oedipus, who disappears mysteriously by the open-
ing of the kindly earth?, in the presence of Theseus, in the
play of Sophocles, can be nothing but the Sun vanishing
below the horizon,—that the deadly arrows and the scorch-
ing robe and the burning of Hercules on a lighted pile on
a hill-top, in another play of Sophocles, form the features
of a mid-day sun and a sunset, and therefore belong to
solar legends, is simply certain. Common sense assures us
that they cannot mean anything else. The twelve labours
of Hercules, the greater part of which actually bear astro-
nomical names? may represent the apparent passage of the
sun through the twelve zodiacal signs. That Electryon is
but another form of the epic 7Aékrwp ‘Ymreplwy,—that Am-

1 Theseus, it will be remembered, was called the son of Aethra,
and dethra was the daughter of Pittheus. This word contains the
root mer, “outspread,” and means the air. Hence he is described as
dyvos, Hippol. 11, as we have dyvos aifrp in Prom. 288. The similar
termination of the names Pittheus, Theseus, Eurystheus (the wide-
spreading), should be noticed.

2 ejvovv Saorav ys médov, Oed. Col. 1662.

3 See the note on v. 360.
6 INTRODUCTION.

phitryo?, like Amphion, refers to both sides, the east and
the west, of the wide sky (Evpvsfevs)—trodden by the Sun-
god,—that Sthenelus, like Alcaeus, ¢ the lusty,” means
the sun in his might, who is also Perseus,—lastly, that
Mycenae itself was colonised in remote times by eastern
Sun-worshippers,—all these are suggestions presented by
the tragedy before us, though we cannot assume them as
ascertained facts. Those (and there are some) who cannot
see any probability or feel any particular interest in such
speculations, must forego the mythology, and take their
pleasure in the admirable structure, the beautiful language
and poetry, the pathos and sustained interest of this fine
drama. A few remarks however on the above subject are
necessary to the right understanding of the plot.

This is the only extant play, besides the Heraclidae,
Alcestis and Trachiniae, which treats of the exploits of Her-
cules. In all these, as in the two plays about Oedipus, and
generally in the Homeric epics, it is to be observed that
solar heroes are treated purely as historical beings. The
details are invariably strictly solar; but no consciousness on
the part of the poets themselves, that they were not real per-
sons, is ever clearly displayed. They took ancient traditions,
and without altering the nature of the stories in the least,
they simply made the characters, the actors of the deeds
described, ‘‘anthropomorphic.” Thus, in the Myth, Her-
cules is the supposed offspring of the old man who treads
the east and the west, but the real offspring of Dyaus, the
god of day. In the drama, the stalwart man is only
nominally Amphitryo’s son, having been really begotten by
Zeus disguised in human form.

The association of the cult of the Ionic Theseus with
the Semitic Hercules, and the sharing in the honours of a
common altar and temple, which is the subject of the last
act of the play, present no difficulty. The Athenians, in

1 The root is seen in 7pvw (Aesch. Prom. 27), to wear down by
hard toil. The termination of Electryon is, perhaps, an assimilation.
Another name from dudi is Amphiaraus, who, like Oedipus, was
swallowed up by a chasm in the earth. See Aryan Mythology, p. 415,
ed. 2
INTRODUCTION. iy

their * Dawn-goddess,” IlaA\as *Afswn, the bright-faced,
YAavk@mes, the Argives in their “Hpa, the air-goddess?, ever
hostile to Hercules, unconsciously worshipped the elements
in a symbolical form. Eurystheus, the half-brother of
Hercules, and tyrant of Mycenae, is the lord of the wide
expanse, as Liycus, the tyrant of Thebes, is Light? (Lycaeus).
Furious heat is typified by a furious mad-fit; but, as in the
case of Orestes, blood-guiltiness in the slaughter of Lycus
(760) is supposed to be the direct cause of it (966). Perhaps
there is some solar mystery even in this3.

The play, the action of which is supposed to be af
Thebes, opens with Amphitryo, Megara, the wife of Her-
cules, and their three sons, seated at the altar of Zeus
Soter, in the forecourt (535) of the palace, as represented
on the scena. They are taking asylum in fear of the tyrant
Lycus, who lives in dread of vengeance from the rela-
tions of Creon (38), during the absence of Hercules on the
last of his twelve labours, the bringing up the dog Cerberus
from Hades. Amphitryo, too infirm to act (and in this
respect he resembles old Oedipus), still makes chivalrous
efforts to assist the family, till finding resistance hopeless,
he submits to his fate, when Hercules suddenly returns
(523). Hearing the state of affairs from his wife, he kills
Lycus. Two characters, unique in tragedy, then appear
simultaneously on the stage by the aid of the machine
called édpa, “the crane,” and doubtless with startling effects.
Iris and Lyssa, beings of the supernal and the infernal
world, hold a brief conversation, much as Kpdros and
Bia do in the Prologue of the Prometheus, the one acting
reluctantly under the orders of the other. The demon of
Frenzy, in a short but magnificent trochaic speech, pre-
dicts the coming madness of the hero. In a very fine and
thrilling messenger’s narrative (922) the death of the three

1 The root of the name is probably the same as in dip, the aspi-
rate coming from the digamma. Curtius, Gr. Ef. 118, refers it to
Skt. svar, “heaven.”

2 See Aryan Mythology (Cox), pp. 181, 288, 292, 294,

3 The guilt incurred by Hercules is expressed in v. 923, yijs dvaxr’
dmel kravey éféBale TAvde Swpdrwy.
. 8 INTRODUCTION.

sons and the wife is described. Then (1089) the murderer
returns to consciousness, and threatens, in a dialogue with
Amphitryo, to commit suicide (1146), when Theseus arrives,
with the avowed intention of assisting Hercules against
the usurper Lycus. The end of the play is entirely taken
up with dialogue and speeches between the two, the real
point of which is a political exposition of the cult esta-
blished at Athens in the Theseum, shared in common with
the two solar heroes. To the Athenian mind, absolution
and purification from blood-guiltiness were an essential
condition of restitution to religious and political rights.
This service is offered by Theseus, v. 1323, where the poet
appears to say, that many minor shrines and temples of
Theseus in Attica had changed their name, and were then
called shrines of Hercules. The Ionic traditions had been
superseded by or absorbed in the more extensive cult
derived from or through the Phoenicians?.

The parts of Hercules and Lycus were,—as stated by
Messrs Hutchinson and Gray,—played by the Protagonistes,
those of Amphitryo, Theseus and Iris by the Deutera-
gonistes, those of Megara, Liyssa and perhaps the Messenger,
by the Tritagonistes.

But this distribution seems to me arbitrary, and the
statement, that ¢ three actors were employed in the repre-
sentation,” though not untrue, requires some modification.
The dialogue is between Amphitryo and Megara, or Amphi-
tryo and Lycus, or Hercules and Megara, or Hercules and
Amphitryo, or Theseus and Amphitryo, or Theseus and
Hercules. Only in this brief passage (327—39) Megara,
Lycus, and Amphitryo take part together as interlocutors,
and at the close of the drama (1405 ad fin.) Hercules,
Theseus, and Amphitryo. It is clear therefore that the
licence of three actors conversing is very sparingly used.
It is sometimes rather difficult, when two actors hold a

1 The migration of Amphitryo from Mycenae to Thebes perhaps
indicates the antagonism of a Euphratean with a Phenician solar
cult. It is remarkable that the lion is the symbol of both, probably
with an astronomical meaning.
INTRODUCTION. 9:

dialogue, to determine whether a third silent actor is, or
is not, present. It will be observed that in both the above
cases Amphitryo is the supernumerary. In 515, the re-
markable expression of Amphitryo,

3

ovk olda, Obyarep, dpacia 0¢ kaw Exe,

may be interpreted to mean, that he is at least silent during
the conversation of Hercules and Megara; and if so, Nauck
seems wrong in assigning 531—2 to Amphitryo instead of
to Megara.

Be this as it may, it seems to me that Iris and Lyssa
perform parts precisely similar, and of the third part, while
Megara is much too important a character to be reckoned
as a Tritagonistes. It is true, that at v. 582 she appears
finally to leave the stage; but up to that point of the
* drama, she has taken by no means an inferior part.

Again, whether Lycus or Amphitryo is the more pro-
minent character in the action, may fairly be questioned.

The chorus consists of aged Cadmeian (indigenous)
Thebans, devoted to the old dynasty of Creon and opposed
to the usurpation of Lycus. From the beautiful ode on the
burden of old age (637), it has been inferred that this is
one of the later dramas. No other indication of the exact
date can be drawn from political allusions, even supposing
that Theban politics (e.g. at 590) could fairly be inter-
preted as Athenian politics. The religious views seem of
the poet’s later and more conservative convictions, e.g. 757
compared with Bacch. 882; while the ‘‘agnosticism” in
Ziets Saris 6 Zevs, v. 1263, occurring also in Troad. 884, and
the oft-expressed refusal to believe evil of the gods (342,
501, 1315, 1341), are indications of his sceptical philosophy
still having a hold on his earnest, thoughtful, and truth-
loving mind,

In compiling a commentary in explanation of this rather
difficult play the third edition of Nauck has been con-
sulted, as well as the useful manual by Messrs Hutchinson
and Gray in the “Pitt Press Series.” Reference is occasion-

1 Compare Iph. T. 385, Ton 436.
10 INTRODUCTION.

ally made to them as “H. and G.” The notes in the present
work are entirely re-written, though, of course, they are
based generally on the second edition of the ¢‘Bibliotheca ”
Euripides.

Nauck has admitted many conjectural alterations of the
text, the most plausible of which, without being adopted,
are mentioned, so that Readers and Lecturers ean exercise
their own discretion in approving or rejecting them.

BOURNEMOUTH,
Feb. 1883.
TA TOY APAMATOS IIPO3QIIA.

AMPITPTON.

MET APA.

ATKOZ.

P=,

ATTTA.

ATTEAOZ.

IIPAKAHZ.

OHZETZ.

XOPOZ ©HBAIQN T'EPONTQN.
ITpoNoytfe. 6¢ 6 *Augurpiwr.
 
  

EYPIIIIA
HPAKAHS MAINOMENOS.

—,—

AM®ITPYQON.

Tis Tov Aws gvlektpov ouk older [Bpordv,
"Apyeiov *Apdirpiev’, 6v "Alkaids more
er o Iepoéws, marépa 16v8 “Hpaxhéovs;
a ’ ’ 5 ope \
os Tdode jas éoxev, vd o ynyerns
~ ’ Ed » 7 ¥
Smaprdy oTAXVS éBAacrer, wv yévovs "Apns 5
éowo” apbpov SAéyov, ot Kadpov méAw
TekvovaL waldwv wawoly. lev éédy
Kpéwv, Mevoikéws mals, dval THe Xovis.
Kpéuv de Meydpas Tijode ylyverar mwarip,
Nv mwdvres vpevalolat Kadueiol Tote 10
Awr@ ovwnphdhalav, vik’ els éuovs
dopovs 6 khewos “Hpakdijs vv ijyera.
\ \ ’ a / 3 A
Auray de ©1jf3as, ov kar Kiolny yo
Meyapov te vie wevfepols Te mais éuos
’Apyeia Telxn kai Kukhomlav wow 15
» iy $a A fet / xe
dpéar’ oikew, jv éyw Gelyw kTavey
"HXekrpiova: oupdopds 8 tas éuas
3 7 A ’ 3” /
éevpapllov kal mwdrpov oikev Oélwv
kaf6dov 8idwoL puobov Edpvobel péya,
enuepdoar yaiav, ef “Hpas mo 20
kévrpois Sapaclels eite Tob xpewv péra.
\ x \ ¥ > / £
kal Tous pev allovs éfeudxfnoev wovous,
76 Aolofuov 8¢ Tawdpov 8d orp
’ > 3.9 \ , ’
BéBnx és "Adov Tov Tpiodparov Kiva
£s ¢pds avdlwv, &lbev ovx ker wAAw. 2
Vépov de of Tis &oTL Kadpeiwy Adyos
os Jv wdpos Alpkns Tis eojrop Avkos,
14

ETPIITIIAQY
N gile <p ; ’ ’
mv émramvpyov Tivde Oeamélwv mol, -
T60 AEUKOTOA® Tp TUpaVVT aL xfovos
"Applov’ noe Znbov, éxysve Aus. 29
>. > ~
ol TavToV Gvopa als marpos KekAnuévos,
Kadpelos ovk ov, aAN’ ar’ LvBolas poder,
reve. Kpéovra, ral kravev dpyer xBovos,
ordoel vogovoay TVS éTermerwy wow.
cA \ ~ > ’ oly ’ I
uty 6¢ kndos és Kpéovr avnuuévov 35
KaKov uéyworov, ws &oike, ylyverat.
3 ~ \ ¥ \ ~ A
TOU yap ovros mwawdos év puyols xBuvos,
€ \ ® ~ ~ Ed r
0 k\ewos ovTos Tade yijs dpxwv Avkos
Tovs ‘HpaxAelovs maidas éfeletv Géle
\ /’ ’ > € ’ ’ ’
ktavewy Odpapra ws $ovg af3éon ¢ovor, 40
Kap, eT & XP kau &v avlpdow Aéyew
yépovr axpetov, pn wold old nvdpwpévor
pjrpocw ékrpdéwow aiparos dlkqv.
3 Nis ’ ’ ~ ay i ’
éyo 8¢, Aelwer yap pe 70i0d év Swpaot
Tpohov Tékvoy olkovpov, yvika xfovos 45
’ > 3 ~ 3 \
pélaway opr eiocéBawe mals éuos,
\ \ ’ \ ’ 3 ‘e: ’
ovv uyrpl, Tékva py Baves “Hpaxléovs,
7 ’ ~ \
Popov kabllw Tovde cwripos Aus,
A z. \ > 3 eo ’
ov kal\wikov Bopos ayalp iSpioarto
\ s
Muias kparijoas ovpos evyerns TOKos. 50
’ \ ~ ’ > 7
wavTwy 8¢ xpelol Taod €dpas Puldaooper,
-~ ~ Vv‘
olrwy, wordy, éolbijros, aoTpYTe dw
mhevpas TifévTes: ék yap éodpayiopévor
/
Sopwy kabrpueld dmoplo cwmplas.
» ~ ie “
PlAwv 8¢ Tovs piv ov cagels. op@ pilovs, G5
. > yy > ~ > ’ ~
oi & ovres opfds aduvvaror wpocwdeletv.
~ % Zz,
Towovrov avbpomowow 7 Svompalia,
*° 2 Pp - \ ’ kd 3 3
7s pymold, 60Tis Kal péTws €vvous pol,
’
TUXO0L, pilwv é\eyxov ayevdéoTaTov.

METAPA.
& mpéofv, Taplwv Ss wor éfeikes mow 6
orpatylatijoas khewa Kaduelwv Sopos,
HPAKAHZ MAINOMENOZ.
€ IQ > ’ ~ ~ ’
ws ovdev avbpdmoot Tov fedv cagpés.
yn \ 33 Oy 2.37.9 ’ ’
éyo yap ovr é& marép’ ammphabnyy TUXTS,
a o 3 yy 7 3 ’ \
os ovvex oAPBov péyas éxopmaoln wore,
’
éxov Tupavv(d, fs pakpal Aoyxar mépt
do putt gdpar els evdaipova,
¥ \ ! Y.3 % ot ~
éxwv 8¢ Tékvar kap ewke Taldl 0,
3 ’ 3 \ z ~ 2
émionpov evvnv HpakAel owvowkioas.
kal viv éketva pev Qavivr avémraror
3 \ \ \ \ / 2 ’
éyw 8¢ kat ov pélhopev Ovijoke, yépov,
< > © : ’ ~ o < \ ~
ol 6 “HpaxAeior maides, ols vro wrepols
z \ > a < /
gulw veosoovs opis @s vpeyuérn.
oi & els é\eyyov dAAos dAlobev wirvuwv,
- ~ ~ ~ ~
Q pijrep, avdd, mol warp dmweaTi Ys;
Ti 8pd ; mol ner; 16 vép § éopalpuévol
~ \ ’ 3 > \ A ,
{nroloL Tov Texovr + éyw 6¢ Siagpépw
’ 2 or
Aoyoot pvbedovaa. Govpale §, orov
1 ~ ~ 3 2 7 ’
moar Yoda, wis T avicTyow moda,
\ a
WS TPOS TATPGOV TPOCTETOVMEVOL YOU.
- > A) 72 3 ’ z
viv ov tiv Amid 7) wopov cwrnplas
éevpapile, mpéofv; pos oe yap PAérw.
< 5 ’ g. 3 A 5 ~ ’
ws ovre yalas opt av éxPatpev Nalpa
A x ec ~ ’ 3 ’ a
Pulakal yap quay kpeloooves kar éodovs:
33. 7 3 7 7
our &v pilowgw é\rides cwrypias
¥ 3 yoy ec ~~ 4 » <> £ 3
€T eloW Nu. TYVTW OUV YYOuy Exels
3 \ ~
Aéy és 70 kowov, pi) Gave Erowpov 7
3 JA Mm
’ 3 ~
Xpovov 8¢ pmkiveopev ovres aoleveis.
- ’ p
AM. @ Giyarep, ovror pgdiov Td ToLddE
~ yf
patdws wapawely omovddoavr dvev wovov.
’ a -~ o
ME. Mims Tv mpoadeis 7 pulets ovTw ¢hdos ;
AM. kal 1@0e yalpw kal Ghd Tas é\midas.
ME. Kdyd: Sokely Be Tadd ov Xe; Yépov.
AM. é& Tals dvafBohalis TGV Kak@Y &veoT di.
ME. 6 § év péow pe Avmpos dv Sdkver Xpovos.
4, ’ A a» 7 hed /’
AM. yévorre Tdv, & Guyarep, ovplos Opopos
~ ’ ~ ~
ék TGY TaplvTev TOYO éuol kal Gol KaKGV
er ld 9 3 2 N ~ ec \ 3 ’ S¢ Z,
OL T €r av mols 0UpOS, €wNTwp OE TUS.

a
ETPIIITAOT
9 3 e ’ \
aA novyale kal dakpvppdovs Tékvwv
A 3 / \ / ’
Tyas apaiper kal mwapevkner Aéyots,
7 /’ 3 ’ \ 24
kAémrovoa pufois afliovs klomds pws. 100
/’ ~
KapvovoL yap Tou kal [potév ai cupdopal,
’ 3
Kal TVEUpaT avéuwv ovk del pauny Ee,
3 ~ - ~
ol 7 evruxolvtes Oud Té\ovs ovk evTuyelst
3&7 \ ’ 3 > > 3 ’ /
éSiorarar yap wavr am aAAjlev Oixa.
> ] > \ ¥ < 3 /
ovTos © avip aptaTos 00Tis EATioi 105
’ 3:2, \ 3 3 ~ > \ ~
mérolflev ael* T0 O& amopetv dvdpos kako.

XOPO=.

e
vrdpodpa pélalbpa aTp.
\ A ’ 3 3 \ ’
kal yepaia Séuvt, audi PBdkrpots
> ik 3 , 3 /
épewopa Gépevos, éoralny in épov
yowv aotdos, wore woAos opis, 110
érea povov kal S0knua vukTepwmov
3
évixov ovelpwy,
\ \ > > g ’
Tpopepa fev, aAN ouws mpsfupa.
3
® Tékea matpos dmwdrop,
vepaid, ov Te, TdAawa pa- 115
A \ 3 Ah ’
Tep, a Tov "Alda Sopois
2, 3 ’
woow avaoTevalets.

1) TpokdunTE mda avr.
Papv Te kdov, doe wpos werpalov 120

tAémas {uynddpov whAov dvévres, ds

’ ’ 4 ’

Bapos pépwv TpoxnAdrolo kdAov.
Aafob xepdv kal wémhwv, Grou Aéloure
mod0s duavpov ixvos:

’ ’ ’ -
vépwv yépovra mapaxduile, 15
T0 wdpos év NAlkwv wovols
z / ’ ’ /
© &vorha Sopata véa véw
&wviy mot, eVkAeeoTdras

>
matpidos ovk oveldy.
3 \ < 9 3
dere, marpos ws ero.
yopydmes aide mpoodepels
oppdrev avyal.
HPAKAHZ MAINOMENOZ. 17
70 8¢ 8) kakotvxes ov Aéhourev ék Tékvwv,
oud’ amolyerar xdpts.
‘EM\as & &uppdyovs 135
olovs olovs oAéoaca
T0U08 amooTeproeL.
aX’ eloopd yap Thade kolpavov xfovos
Avkov mwepdvra Tavde Swpdrwv wélas.

AYKOS.
mov “HpdkAewov marépa. kai Ewvdopov, 140
€ xp pw, épurd: xpy 8, émel ye Seomdmys
€ ~ ’ 3 oe ~ 5) ,
vay kabéorny, ioTopev a [ovlopat.
Tv’ é& xpovov {yretre pmrivar Blov;
7'y 7% 3 a 3 ’ ~ A. -
Tw Emil alkny T eloopite pi Baveiv ;
A \ 3 ’ ~ ’
7 Tov wap "Ay marépa T@vOe kelpevov 145
’ > Nd ec d c \ \ 3 Lr
moreveld Tle; ws 8 vmep Tv délav
x / y > . ~ c ~ \
70 wévbos aipeatl, ei Gavely vuds xpeov,
ov pev kal ‘EXNAS &kBalov kdpmovs kevovs
ws olvyyauds cou Zevs téxor véov *@eov,
ad & ds dplorov Pures ékMjlns Sduap. 150
T( &) T0 oeuvov of karelpyacTar wioel,
hd o 3 ’ \
Vopav E\ewov el Sudhere kravey
7) Tov Néuewv 67p’; dv é&v Bpdxois eXadv
Bpoxiovss ¢mo’ dyxdvaow éfeeiv.
T0l0d aywvileabe; Tovd dp ovveka 155
\ c ’ ~ > ’ ’
Tous ‘Hpakeiovs mwaidas or Ovijoxew xpedv ;
a > ’ IQ A 3 /
0s éoxe Odéav, ovdev av, evpuxias
~ 3 s ~ > > saa ¥
Onpév é&v aixpq), TA & ovdér dAkyuos,
LY > Ld 3 Ny A ~~ \
0s ovmor amid €oxe mpos Aad epi,
ov’ JNe Aoyxms éyyvs, dAAG 76¢ Ev, 160
KaKLTTOV STAOV, TY Puyf Tpdxepos fv.
avdpos & Eeyxos ovxi T6¢ evyuyias,
3 2.4 ’ 7 3 /
aN’ 0s pévwv BAémer Te kavridépkerar
Sopos Taxelav dloka Tdlw éuPefds.
> \ > \ 3 > 7 /
éxeL 8¢ Tovudv ovk dvaideav, yépov, 165
aAN’ edAdfBesar: olda yap karakTavey
HER. 2
18

AM.

EYPIIIIAQOT
Kpéovra, marépa tijode, kal Opovovs Exwr.
ovkovy TpadévTey TEVde Tirwpovs éuol
xpilo Murécfor 7év dedpapévov Silky.
70 700 Aws piv, Zevs dpuvéro pépe
waidos 70 & eis uw, HpdkAets, éuol péle
Adyowre Tv 100d dpabiav vmrep oéfev
Setar kakds yap o ovk éatéov kAvew.
TPOTOV pv ov TAppYT, €v dppiToLTL Yap
mv anv voile Sellav, “Hpaklees,
ov pdprvow feols 8et pw draldalar géfev.
Aws kepavvov © npouny TéOpurmd Te,
é&v ols BeBnrds Tolar ys LlacTipact
Tiyaot whevpols wmf’ évappocas [Bély
Tov kaA\lvikov pera Gedy éxdpace
rerpackerés 6 VPBpiopa Kevravpov yévos,
Doloyy émeNbov, & kakioTe PBaciléwv,
pod Tv dvdp’ dpioTov éyrplvaev av:

170

175

180

A 2 ~ \ 3 A A \ aA > ~
7 ov Talda TOV ov ov Ov dns €LvaL Sokely ;

Alppov & épurd, 7 o épey’, "ABavrida,

ov Jrdv érawéoeer: ov vip éol omov

éoONov Tu dpdoas pdprop’ av AdfSots wdTpav.

70 mdvodov ) elprppea, Todijpy adyny,
péuper kAVwv viv Tam épov godos yevov.
dip omAirys SodAds éoTL TOV SmAw,
kal Toit aguvraxbetow odor pn dyalbols
3. .\ /, 7d ~ ~ 7
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Opavoas Te Noyxv ovk éxeL TG oWpaTL
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Odvarov dpivas, pilav Ewv alknv povov:
Sool 8¢ Téfois Xetp' éxovow evoToxOV,
a \ \ ~ z 3 \ 3 \
& piv 76 Noorov, pupiovs olorovs dels
dM\ots 10 oépa plerar py xorbavew,
SH} > > \ 2 3 1.
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70 oopd 7 ov ddwot Tols évavriots,
3 > ’ \? ’ s, ~ 3 3 ’
&v evpuhdire & éorl: Tovro & & pdx
gopov pdloTa, dpdvra TONEMIOUS KAKLS

185

190

195
HPAKAHZ MAINOMENOZ. 19
galew 10 ada py ‘k TUXYS OppLopuévovs.
Adyou pv olde olor cols évavriav
ydpny oval dv kabeotdrwv mwépL. 205

~ \ nC 2 qo A ’

watdas d¢ 8) T{ Tovad dmwokreivar Géles;

2 gad o gine ~ \
7 0 old &pacav; &v T{ 0 Pyodpar codov,

el Tv dploTwv TdkyoV avTos GV Kakos
8édowkas. dha Tovl opws nuv Lap,

el 'Selllas ois karbavovpel ovveka, 210
6 xpiv @ VP gudv TGV duewdvor mabey,

s \ z 3 3 Em /

ei Zevs Oukaias elxev eis muds ¢pévas.

3 3 a > ~ ~ ~ 3 3 \ /

€ & odv éxew yis okimwrpa Hod avros Oéhes,
» CA ’ > A ’

éaoov uds pvyddas éfeldetv xbovos:
Bia 8¢ Spdons pndev, 3 weloer Plav, 215
orav feds cou mvedpa perafBalov TUX.

deve

© yaa Kdduov, kal ydp és o dpifopar
Adyovs dvediariipas évdatovpevos,
Toavr dpvved ‘Hpaklel Tékvoiai Te;

0s els Muwdaigr maar Sud pdxms polev 220
OnPBais énrev opp’ éNevlbepov PAérew.

oud’ ‘EANdS 7veo’, oud dvéfopal more

oud, kakiotTyy Aapfdvev és maid éuov,
iv Xp7v veooaois Tolode wip, Adyxas, omAa
bépovoay éNbetv, movi rafappdrewy 225
Xépoov 7 dpouf3as, ov éuoxbnoev xdpuw.
Ta &, & Tékv, py ovTe OnfRaiuy moALs

of “EAAds apkel: wpos & én dobevi) pilov
Sedopkar’, ovdey ovra mA yAdoons Popov.
pop yap éxAélovmey i. wplv _elxoper: 230
Yiipg de Tpopepa Yio KaftovpoY alévos.
€ 8 7] Ww” véos Te KATL odparos KpPaT®GY,
Aofov av &yxos Tobde Tovs £avBovs wAdkous

’ 3 A o 2 2 ~ /

kabnpareo’ dv, wor "Athavrikdv mépa
/ ov A ’ y \ ’
pevyew Gpwv dv dekia Tovpov Sopu. 235
3.3 ~
XO. ap ovk depoppds [Tos Adyoiow dyadol
Ovprdy Eovar, kav Bpadis Tis ) Méyew ;

2—2
20

ETPINIIAOT

AYK. ov perv Aéy’ qpds ols wemlpywaar Adyous,

XO

3 A 3 ’ 3 3 \ ~ / ~
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¥ 3 e \ € ~ 3 e A ~ \
ay’, ot pev ‘BAwkdv’, oi 8¢ Mopvagod wruxas
/ ¥ > y ’ € \ \
Téuvew avoxt é\fovres vAovpyovs Spvos
’ 3 \ 3 3 ~ ’
Koppovs® émrewday 8 elokoptahdow mole,
\ / £ ka a A
Bopov wépié vijcavres audripn Eda
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vpels 08, mwpéofBets, Tals éuals évavriol
yvdpowow dvres, ov movov oTevdfere
Tous ‘HpakAelovs matdas, dla. kai Spov
TUXas, Otay wdoxny Ti, pepviceole Oe
Sotho yeydres Tis éuijs Tupavvidos.
® yis Aéxevpa, Tovs "Apys omelper wore
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ov okfmTpa, xewpos Oeluds épelopara,
opeite, kal TOUS avdpos avéalov kdpa
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évepl' éketvos kpumTerar Mrov Tékva.
3 N \ \ ~ ’ S d / >
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c > 3 ’ 3&7 3 xr
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» ’ Ix 33 3 i\ ’ 2 \
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~ ~ go
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’
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3 \ 3 2.0 ~ 3 ’ s
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N / £ 3 ~ 3 ’
kal Tdode @nfBas evkAeds @knoamev,
3 * \ , > \ 4 ~ SA
é& als ov xaipels. ov yop €0 ¢povel wOoALs
~ ~ ’
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240

245

250

260

2/0
ME.

HPAKAHZE MAINOMENOZ.
3 7d 3 N \ ’ E) /
ov ydp wor dv a¢ Seomorny ékmioato.
yépovres, alvd: Tdv Ppidwv yap olveka
> \ ’ \ L Ed L
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puov & kart Seamdrais Gupovpevor
/ ’ ~ > EY ~ > r
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yvéuns drovaov, jv T( cot Soka Aéyew.
3S \ ~ \ ’ ~ \ 3 ~
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arwrov, auoxbnoa; kal To karbaveiv
Sewov vopllw 76 § dvaykaly Tpéme
a 3 /’ \ € ~ ’
Os dvritelvel, okay nyodpar [poTov.
€. cay 3 \ ~ ~ ’/ \
yuds & émeady Set Oavelv, Ovjokew xpewv
pn wopl karalavbévras, éxbpoiow yélwy
diddvras, ovpol Tov Bavelv peilov kakdv:
opelloper yap mold ddpacw kald.
\ \ 2 3 3 \ \
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o > > > \ 7 ~ >
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épol Te plump avdpos ovk amwotéov.
akéfor 8¢ mv anv wis, 13) Aoyilopar.
néew voplles maida oov yalas vmor
kal Tis Gavivrov fAev && "Adov maw;
dAN os Adyowrt Tovde palfdfavuer av:
- ’ \ bd ». yy \ \
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godoiar & eikew kal Tebpappévols Kalas:
en \ 3 ~ ° \ NN? A A
pdov yap aidols vwrofalwv GIN av Tixois.
23 5 9. oe ys ity 7
70 & éofAié 1 el maparrnoaipedo
¢vyds Tékvwv TGvd + alla kal 108 abo,
wevip ovv oiktpd mepifalely coryplov
< \ £ r ’ 7
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a -~ €Q \ 4 a A 2.
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273

280

220

295

305
XO.

AM.

ME.

ETPIIIIAOY

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mpobupuds éorw, 1 mpobupia & dppwv: 310
’
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~ /

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~ > 3Q 7 3 \ \ 3 ~ ~
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Gavel épiker py, alla madi Povlopac

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> \ ’ Nd / 2
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~ >

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os uy Tékv elolBopev, avéoiov Géav,
Yuxoppayodvra Kal kalovvra unTépa.

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warpos Te warépar Talla §, el mpolhupos el, 3%
Tpaoa: ov yop alkny éxoumev wore wn Oavelv.

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e moive iy ~ © ec ’ ~
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’ ~
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dopovs avoias: viv ydp éxxexhjpebar 330
e > \ i Sd ee ’ 9 ay ’
0s ala TadTa y OTONAXWO OLKWY TaTPOS.

AYK. éorar Tadd’ olyew kAjjfpa mpoamilois Aéyw.

ME.

AM.

koopelad éow polovres: ov phovd mwémlwv.
a N ’ ’ ’
orav 8¢ koopov mwepiBalnale cdpacw,
« \ < ~ / ’ , a
néw mpos vuds veprépa ddagwv xBovi. 335
id 2...» © Nyy # \ \
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matp@ov é& mélabpov, ov Tis ovolas
» ~ \ > x 3 iy Sie >
allot kpatovol, To O ovou Eo Muov Ere.
® Zeb, pdm dp opdyopov o EkToApY,
pany 8 tradds Tou veov ékAploper. 340
ov & 00 dp’ fooov 7) dokes evar Glos.
apery) ge vikd Oyyros av feov péyav.

~ \ 3 3 N c 4
maidas ydp ov wpovdwka Tovs ‘HpakAéovs.

\ S ) s 3 \ ,. Lind A ~
ov § és piv evvds kpUplos NTIOT® HONELY,

\ \

7dANdTpLo. Aéktpa Odvros ovdevos AaSwv, 345
HPAKAHZ MAINOMENOZ. 93
golew 88 Tovs govs ovk émioTacar pilovs.
3 ’ 3 \ N\ ’ kd ~
apabijs Tis €l feos, 7) Sixaios ovk Epus.

> A 3» 3 ~ ’
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~ bd
mpaTov pev Aws dos
nprpwoe Aéovros, 350
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kal IInphiddes Oepdmvac 370
avyxoprol 6 “Opdhas &vav-
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wAnpoivres xfova Begoalav
irmelas éddpalov
TAY TE XpuTokdpavov 37s
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7 ’ \
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Olvwdrw aydle
rebpirrov 7 éméfa orp. f+
kal Yallos éddpacoe wdAovs
24 ETPIIIAOY
Avoprideos, at poviaigr darvars axdAw’ éfdalov
kdfaipa oira yévvol, xap-
povaitow avdpofpdal Svorpdmelo 385
awepdv 8 dpyvpoppirav "EfBpov
éémpacae poxbov
Mukyraly wovév Tvpdvve,
Tdv Te My\dd dkrov
*Avavpov mapa wryyds 390
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as olkjrop’ dpikrov

€ S 2 ’ 3 B
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y\vfev éomeplav és ava, 395
Xpuoeov merdAwy amo pmlopopwy xepl kapmov
apépéov,

dpdkovra mvpodverov, os
amhatov dupelikros Ek édpovpet,
kravéy: wovrias § dos puyovs 400
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ACTPWTOUS TE KATéTXEV Ol-
kovs evavopla Gedy

\ e ’ > 9 s \ ’
Tov irmevrav © Apalévev orparov arp. y.

Madr aul molvmirTapov

éBa 8 Edéewov oidpa Aipvas, 410

T ok dg’ “EMavias

dyopov alicas Ppilwy,

kopas “Apelas mémhwv

XPUoEdTTONOY tebpos,

'{woTipos olefplovs dypas. 415

70. Khewa. 8 “EAAds afc BapBdpov xdpas
Adupa, kal odler é&v Mukrjvais.

TdV T€ MupLoKpavoy
HPAKAHZ MAINOMENOZ. 25
molipovov kvva Aépvas 420
NA 3 /
pay éemipwaer
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TOV TpLTdpaTov olow &
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kro. Borfp "Epvbeias, -
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SujAfe: Tv *re mwolvddrpuov
&rhevs’ & “Adav, mover Tekevra,
iV éxmepaiver TdAas
Biotov oud Ba wdAw. 430
oréya & Epo pilav,
Tay § dvéoriypov Tékvav
Xdpuwvos émuéver whdra
Biov ké\evbov dabeov, adikov & 8¢ ads
’ ’ ’ 3 3 ’
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20 3 In ’ o
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& 3 ¥ ’ 3 ~
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Tékeqw av mapéoTav
3 ~ ~ 3 > 2
aAkd: viv § amolelmopar 410
Tds evdalpovos 7s.
dAXN’ éoopd yap Tovode POupuévov
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dmore maidas To mpiv “HpaxAéovs,
3 ’ / c I -
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mooly E\kovoay Tékva, Kal yepaiov
2.8 /’ ’ 3 \
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Sakplov és ov Svapar koréyew
ypalas doowy &rv myyds. 450
2 7 c \ / \ ~ J -
ME. elev: 7is iepevs, tis opayels Tov SvoméTpwr;
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opod yépovres kal véou kal pmrépes. 455
ht 4 ~ 4 PE a ~ \ 2
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TEV, obs TAVUOTAT OMMATW TPOTIEPKOLAL.
26

ETYPIIIAOY
Zrexov pév vuds, moleulors § Efpeiduny
< > 2 \ d = 0 ,
UPpiopa kamixappa kal Siapfopdy.
i
7) Woy pe Sons Eémarcav éAmlles, 460
Wv maTpos vudv ék Aéywv wor pAmioa.
\ \ \ 3 3 3. € \ \
gol pv yap "Apyos &vep o katbavev wamip,
Evpvabéns § &ueldes olkjoew Sopovs
~ ’ 7’ Ed 3
Ts KoAMikapmov kpatos éxwyv Ilehaovyias,
arohjy Te Onpos dppéBalle od kdpa 465
Aéovros, fmep avros éwmhileror
av § faba Onfdv 7év ¢plappdrev ava
éykApa media Tama yijs KekTnpévos,
ws éérelfes Tov kataomeipavtd oe
é& delay 8¢ anv aleénmipiov 470
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\ > A > ~ c ’ \:
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Tpets 8 ovras *vuds Tpurtixois Tupavviot
wati)p émipyov, pwéya ¢povdv ém avdpia: 475
> \ \ A. > ’
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kal Tata ¢poddar merafaloioa & 73 ToXY 480
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3 \ \ 2 ’ ’ ~

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Aly voullwv wevfepov, kndos mikpov.
opol, TV Vudv wpdrov 7) TW vaoTarov 485
mpos arépva Odpar; TQ mpooapuéocw oToMA;

’ ’ ~ A c ’
Tivos Aafuwpar; mds av ws ovBomrepos
pé\iooa cuvevéykayy dv ék wdvtwv yous,

3 A 3) NYY, 2 3 2’ z

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& Piltar, ef Tis Pldyyov elgakovoerar 490
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’ \ \ \ /’ 3 > 3. \
Ovjoke. warp gos kal Téxy, SAAvpar 8 éyo,
AM.

ME.

AM.
ME.
AM.
ME.

HPAKAHZE MAINOMENOZ. 27
/ ~
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3 3 A \ \ ’ ’.
apnéov, éNGé kal oka pavnbi pov
/
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kakol ydp és oé y, ol Tékva krelvovot od.
3 4
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3 /
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kalToL kék\noar moOANdKiS® pdATNV TOV
Oavely yap, os &ouk, dvaykaiws Exe.
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ToUTOV § OmWS 7jOLOTA OLaTepdTETE,
> < Zz > /’ \ 2 ~
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os é\ridas pev 0 xpdvos ovk émioTarar
Z \ 3 ec ~ ’ /
gale, To 8 avrod omovddoas diémrraro.
ei z 3 o ~~ 4 ~
opiré pi, bomep fv mepilenTos Bporots
dvopacta pdoowy, kal w deiled’ 7 TUX
domep wTepov pos aifép’ pepe. Jrn 510
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4 ~
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AY 5 J Bie 7 ’ /
Seip , © TéKV, ékkpipvacle TaTpgwv mérhwv, 520
3 ~ A ~ 3
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~ ee ~ SQ 7 3 3. ANY
gutipos vuw ovdév érf 68 vorepos.

HPAKAHS.

& X2ipe, péhadpoy mpdmuld G éorias éuis,
ws dopevis a éoeidov és pos JONI.
or 1f XPhp 5 TeV i) po Swpdrov 525
28  ETPIIIAOY
aToApolot vekpGy Kparas éfeaTeppéva,
oxho 7 é&v dvdpdv Ty éunv &uvdopov
warépa Te Sakpivovra guppopds TOs.

Pép ekmifopar Tovde TAnolov oralbels:
yovar, 7{ kawov HAG ddpacw xpéos;

ME. & ¢pilrar dvdpdv, & pdos polov warp,
kets, eodhns eis dkuny éNGov Gilots;

HP. 7{ ¢yjs; Tv’ é& Tapoypov rkoper, mwarep;

ME. SroApea fa av 8, yépov, odyyredi por,
od impale prac’ a o& Méyew pos Tovd é xpi
70 Oily yap Tos piMAov olkTpoV dpoévar,
Kal Taw évyoxe Téxv, dmeA\dpay & éyd.

HP. "AmoA\ov, oiots ppoyuiots dpxet Adyov.

‘ME. refvic’ ddeAol Kal marip ovpds vépov.

HP. 7és ¢vjs; 7( Spdoas 7) Sopos mwolov Tuvxwv;

ME. Adkos agp’ 6 kAewos vis aval Sibheoev.

HP. émhows dmavrdv 7) voonadans xfovds;

530

535

540

2
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HP. 7{ 8jra wpos ot kal yépovr P\Oev $ofos ;
ME. krelvew &uelle warépa kapé kal Tékva.
HP. 7{ ¢ifs; 7 TapPdv oppavevy’ éudv téxvov ;
ME. pa wore Kpéovros favarov ékticaioro.

HP. kdopos 0¢ maldwv 7is 0de veprépois mpémwy ;
ME. fovdrov 78 70y wep Boral aviupeba.
HP. kal mpos Blav éfvjoker; & TAjuwv éyo.
ME. ¢pdov &pmuot, at 8¢ Gavévr rjkovoper.

HP. mé0ev & & vpds 70 éogAg dbvpia;

ME. Evpvobféws kijpukes 7yyeXlov Tdde.

HP. 7{ § éelelmer’ olkov éorlav T éuijv;

ME. Bla: mormp pév ékmeoov aTpwTod Aéxous.
HP. kovk éoyev aldd Tov yépovr dripdoar;
ME. aidds y* dmowel Thode Tis Geod mpogow.
HP. oro § dmdvres éomaviloper pilwv;

ME. ¢ilow ydp elow davdpl SvorTvxel Tives;

HP. pdxas 8¢ Mwvdv, ds él, drértvoay;
ME. doy, &' adbls go. Aéyw, 16 Svarvxés.

315

550

555

560
HP.

XO.

AM.

HP.
AM.

HP.

HPAKAHZ MAINOMENOZ.
ov fife “Adov Tdode mepiBolas kip,
kal pos avafAéfeote, Tov KAT® OTKOTOUS
’ 3 \ ¥ r
plas dpotfds oppacty Sedoprotes ;
~ ~ ~ \
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TpoTOV pv ep Kal Kataokdyw Souovs
Kowdv Tupdvvev, kpara § dvéoiov Tepwy
plo kovéy Exnpar Kadpelwv & Goovs
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Tous 8¢ mrepwrols duapopdy Tolevpaot
vexpGv dmravr lopqvov éumhjocw povov,
Alpkns Te vapo Aevkov aipaxbicerar.
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29

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575

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matépa Te wpéouv THY Te KOWWVOV Ydpwy.
Nov ~ \ 5 ~ ~ / > ’
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aplns eoelfov mohw: érel 8 adpbrs, dpa
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595
30 ETPINIAOY
9 3 2 f ed ’
wor ék mpovolas kpupios eiocihbov xbova.
AM. kalds wpooceNddv vv mpoceamé § éoriav
kal Sos warpgols ddpacw gov ou Sev. 60
Hel yap avrtos ony Sdpopra kal Tékva
e\éov, Povelowy, kan émopdlov Ava,
pévovre & avrod wdvra cou yemjoeral
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HP. dpdow Tad € yap elmas' elu’ elow dduw.
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“Adov Képns *7° &veplev ovk drpdow
Ocovs mpoceurelv wpdra Tovs kata oTéyas.
AM. 7\fes yap Svrws ddpar eis “Adov, Tékvov; 610
HP. kat Ofpa v' & pas Tov Tpikpavov 7yayov.
AM. pan kpamjoas 7) beds Swpjuacw ;
HP. pdxy: Td pvordv & Spyd nirixne Sd.
AM. 7) al kar’ oikovs éoriv Evpuvobéus ¢ bijp;
HP. Xfovias viv d\oos ‘Epudv 7° &xer wéhis. 615
AM. oud’ older Evpvaleis ae yijs nkovr dve;
HP. ovk old: i é\fov Tavbad eldelny mdpos.
AM. xpovov d¢ was Tooovrov fad vmwo xbovi;
HP. Onoéa kopilwv éxpovioc é “Adov, mdrep.
AM. kai mob ‘orw ; 7) ys warpidos olxeror wédov; 620
HP. Béfnk *Abjvas véplev dopevos puydv.
> > A ec A a» / 3 2 ’ ’
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Yio ft WW, 3 Ay ~ eit
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kal vdpar ooowv pnkér éfaviere, 625
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Tpopov Te wavoal, kal péfecd udv mémAwy-
3 \ \ IQ\ ’ /
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Too @de pallov: 68 &Bnr émi fupot ; 630

aw, Nafdv Te Toad Epolkidas xepoiv,
~ a 3 2 \ \ > 3 7
vals os, épé\éw’ kal ydp ovk dvaivomor
HPAKAHS MAINOMENOZ. 31
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¢phodor maidas of 7 apeivoves Bpordv

2
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PBapvrepov Alrvas oromélwy

3 \ ~

ETL KPATL KELTOL, 640

BAedpapwv ororewov

papos émikaliyav.

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& kaMiota pev &v SABw,
kaANiora § &v wevig.
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70 8¢ Avypov ¢ovidy Te yijpas
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PLOW KATA KULOTOV d 650
> / 3 Sf
€ppot, pmdé mor wpekev
Ovardv ddpara kal moles
é\Oetv, alla kar aifép’ d-

el mwrepotal chopelofo.

el 0¢ Oeots jv &uveos kal oodla kar avdpas, 655

O00 A 4 y 3 ’

Ovpov av fav Epepov, [avr. a.
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aperds, GootTw

pera, karbavévres T 650

9 2 z / € ’
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Suooovs dv éBav Suaidovs,
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3 ~ \
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kal TGS Tv ToUs Te Kakovs av 663
yvévae kal Tovs dyafovs,
y gq 3. .> / y
toov ar év vepélaow aoTpwv
vavrais aptfpos mwéhec.
~ 3 3 \ o 2 ~
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32 EYPIIITAOY
AN’ eiMoodpevds Tis ai-
ov wAolTov povov avfe.

3 Zl \ ’
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Movoais CVYKOTAULYVS,

adioray ovlvylav. 675

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Flo 3 3 4 L
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keladet Mvapoouvay:
én. Tav “Hpax\éovs 630
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madva pv Anlddes avr. 3.

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Aatols elmauda ydvov
€ Zz, /
el\iooovoar kalAixopov: 600
~ 3 9 \ ~ 03
madras § él cols melabpois
KUKvos Gs yépwv aoudos
moldy ék yevvwy
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Tos Upvolow vmdpyeL: 695
\ c ~ ~ 3 3 ’
Aws o mals tds § evyevias
wAéov vmepBallwv *dperais
poxbroas Tov akvuov
Onkev Biotov Bporots
wépaas Selpara Onpdv. 700
AYK. é& kaipov oikwv, "Audirpior, wv mépast
’ \ ¥ \ 3 4 z
Xpovos yap 70m dapos é& orov mémhows
koopetole gdp Kal vekpov dydApacty.
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éo rkékeve TGvde Ppalvecfou uw, 705
24? n e. 7 3 3 ’ ~
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HPAKAHZ MAINOMENOZ,
AM. dvaf, Suokeis pw ablivs wempayora,

WPpw 6 vPplles émi Gavoior Tols euots:

33

a xpnv oe perplos, kel kpatels, omovdny Exew.

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710

AYK. mob 8ijra Meydpa ; mob ékv’ "ANkpaivns yovou ;

AM. dokd PY avy, ©s Gipaber elkdoat,
AYK. 1{ xpijpa 8oéns Tad Exes Tekpmplov ;

AM. ixérw mpos ayvois éorias Qaocoew PBdbpois. 715

AYK. avvyrd vy ikerevovoav ékadoar lov.

> ~ /
AM. «kal Tov Govdvra v avoka\ely nary ToT Ww.

AYK.o0 & ov wdpesTiv, ovde pr poly woré.
AM. oik, el ye pj Tis Gedy dvaomijoeé vw.

AYK. xdper wpos avr kal képul ék Swpdrov. 720

~ / /
AM. péroxos av eq Tob ¢ovov Spdoas Tdde
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AYK. queis *8, érady ool 168 éor &vbipmov,
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725

AM. ov & otv if, épxer & of xpedv: Ta §& GAN lows

alle pelijoel.  mpoodoka S& dpdv kakds

Kakov TL wpafew. @ yépovres, & KaAov
aTeixet, Bpéxowe 8 apkiwv yevijoerac
Eupnepoto, Tovs mélas OokGy xrevely,
° FaysisumTos. ep 8, ws Wo veKkpov
wimTovT* Exel yap ndovas Oviokev dvip
éxbpos Tlvov Te TGV Sedpapévwv Silky.
XO. o/. perafola kakdv- péyas o mpéod avaé

735

maw vrooTpépel Biotov cis "Adav. [oTp. o’.

2 / \ ~ ’ ’
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739

v. MA\fes XPOve piv ob dikny Sdoets Gaver, orp. f.

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or. md\w pokey & apo ovmore dud Ppevos *av

gA\Toey mabey vis avo.

716

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AYK. io pol pot.
XO0.7. 168¢ kardpxerar pélos éuol k\bew dvr. o.
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AYK. & mdoa Kdduov yar’, améAAvpar doe. a7p.d.
XO. (. kal yap SdAvs dvrimowa § ekrivev
ToApa, 8i8ovs ye dv Sedpapévav Sik. 75s
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YB. yépovres, ovkér’ oti Suooefs dvijp. avr. §.
oy. oy péhabpar mpos xopovs Tpamwdpeba. 760
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XOPOZ,,
xopol xopol kai Galiat ap. €.
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peTalayal yap dakpiwr,
perallayal ovvrvyias 765
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7 3 e 1
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pélovor kal Tév oolwy émdew.
0 xpvoos d 7 evrvyla
Ppevav Pporovs éfdyera, 775
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dvaxopeloar dyvial, CO Oi .

   

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vippar Tov ‘Hpakéovs
ka\lvikov aydva.
& IIvbia Sevdpdri wérpa 79%
Moveav 6 ‘Elkoviddov ddpara,
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Aopmpar & ed’ 6 xpdvos 805
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Kpeloowy pot TUpavvos Epus
7) Svoyéved avdkTov. 810
a viv éoopdv palver
Eupnpoporv és aydver
apuiAlav, el 70 Olkaiov
Oeots ér dpéoke.
é du. 86
ap’ é Tov avrov wirvlov fkopev $ofov,
Yépovres, olov don’ vmep Sopwv opd ;
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ETPTIITAOY
voles mélawpe kGlov, ékmodwv é\a.
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dmérpomos yévord pou [tdv] mnudrov.

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20 gq > 5 ¥ 39. \ \
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ovr’ &v Oeolow, tov yé pw eloméumess Somovs: 850
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: HPAKAHZ MAINOMENOZ. 37
dBarov 8¢ xdpav kai Gdlacoav ayplav
éénpepdaas fedv avéornoer povos
Tyrds mirvovoas dvooiwy avdpdv vor
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a) av vovbéra 7a 6 “Hpas xpd prxovipara. 855

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ayy N ’ ~ ’ 90 ’

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Taxa o éyo HaAAov xopevow Kal KaTOVAOW
$6.
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és ddpovs 8 nets depavror Suodpeat ‘HpakAéovs,
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gov avbos, mois, 6 Aws & exyovos. 875
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XO. dvakaels *riva pe Tiva [ody ; 910
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HPAKAHZ MAINOMENOZ. 41
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pudpokrimov plum, vmep rdpa. Poly
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HPAKAHZ MAINOMENOZ. 43
XO. & mpéafv

AM, alya otyar
malivrpomos éleyelpopevos arpéperar: pépe
amérpupov Sépas vmo pélabpor kpifw. 1070
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HPAKAHZ MAINOMENOZ. 45

HP. ala orevaypdy yap pe mepySdAder védos. 1140
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Tékvols SukaoTis aiparos yevijoomat, 1150

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Svoklewaw, 9 péver pw, ardoopar Blov;

aN’ éumoduv pot Gavacipwy Lovlevpdrwv

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aloxvvopar ydp Tols dedpapévols kakols, 1100

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AM. BovAopévoioiy émayyéAhets. 1185
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moldy Te ddkpvov ekBaldv.
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HPAKAHZ MAINOMENOZ. 47
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akove 8) vv, ws auAAnfd Aéyois
awpos vovlerjoeis ods avamtiéw 8¢ dou
aflwtov uiv viv Te kal mwdpotbev ov.
TpGTOY piv éKk TODO éyevdumy GOTIS KTavev
PMTPOS yepaiov maTépa, mPOoTPOTALOS OV,

~ /

Eynpe ™v Tekovoav ~ANkugvny pe.
Otay 8¢ Kpryis pn xarafSAndy yévovs
opfas, dvdyxr) SvoTuxety TOUS éicydvous.
Zevs &, dates 0 Zevs, mohéuwov pu’ éyelvaro
“Hpa: ov pévror undev axbeatis, yépov:

par ov péro unde dxbealfs, yép

\ 3 \ < ~ / 3 ’

mwarépa yap avri Zmyos nyovpal o éyw:
¥ 3 > ’ ’ > oy \ >
€r é&v yalakTi T OVTL Yopywmwous ooels
éreicéppyoe omapydvolat Tots éuols
7 700 Aws ovANekTpos, ws oloipeba.
3 N \ \ /’ 3 3 22
émrel 6¢ oapkos meptBolar éktnoauny

< ~ /’ A 3 Z, ~ ’
Bova, poxbovs ods érhgy Ti bet Aéyew ;

AN
wolovs wor 7 Aéovras 1) TPLOWLATOUS
Tvpdvas 3 Diyavras 7 rerpacceln
~ rl 3 3 ’

kevTavporAnfn wolewov ovk Eprvoas

’ 3 3 7 \ ~ ’-
™v T apdlkpavov kal malyuBNacTi Kuve
< / ’ 3 bed ’
vipa Poveloas puplwv T alley wovev

~ > ’ > \ 3 ’
dui\ov dyélas, kels vekpovs agpikopny,

oq /
Awdov mvlwpov Kiva Tpikpavov és aos

o ’ S'i’ty ~ > ’
ors mopevoatw’ évrolals Evpvabéws. +
’

Tov AoloBuov d¢ Tovd ErAnv Tdlas Povo,

madokromjoas ddpa Oprykdoar kakots.

La 3 ss > Qo Y 3.» A ’

kw & dvdykns és Tod our épals pilats

® ’ 3 ~ < . A S¢ \ 7
Bais évoikely Gotov: fv O¢ Kal pve,

3 ~ i \ A 4 7

és motov ipov 7) wavnyvpw ile

1260

1265

1275

1280
XO

HPAKAHZ MAINOMENOZ. 49
’ SY.
€l 3 OV yap dTaS €EUTPOTIYOPOVS EX.
~ ’ /
dX "Apyos Iw ; mds, émel pelyw maTpav; 1285
3 < / ’
Pép’, aAX és dAAqy 8 TW opmijow WOW;
3 3 ec ’ > c 3 /
kame) vroflemdpeld os éyvwopévor,
. ~ ’
vAdoons mikpols kévTpolat kAndovyoumevot,
Ovx olrtos 6 Auws, bs 7ékv érewév more
dapaprd 7; ov yijs Tod dmopbaprioerar; 120
’ \ \ Zz \
kekAqpévy 8¢ Purl pakaply wore
ai peraffohal Avmnpov: & & del kakds
‘
Es > 3Q\ 2 ~ ~ ’/ kd
éor, ovdev alyel, ovyyevds Svoryros dv.
és TovTo & new cuuopds oipal wore:
bovyy yap toe. xOov amevvémovad pe 1205
pn Geyyovew yis, kal Gdhacoo pr) wepdv,
wyal Te woTOpGY, Kal TOV dppariAarov
Télov’ &v Seopotow expymjoopat.
» ~ 3 3 1:9 ie ’ yy a]
kai ToT apuoTa, pndéy EX\fvev w opav,
év olow evtvyoivTes fpuev OAPuot. 1300
2 ~ / ~ ~ ’ / «
Ti 8rd pe Lv et; 7 képdos ébopev
Biov tr dxpetov avéoiov kekrnpévor;
/ \ \ c \ ’
Xopevérw On Zmvos 7 kAewn Sdpap,
/ >. 2 \ > ,. /
Trpdvovs” OAvpiov Zoos apBity moda
’ A
érpaée yop Bovdmow iv &Bovlero 1305
avdp’ “EANdOos Tov mpdrov avroiow PBdbpors
ave kite otpéfaca. Towavry Oe}
mis av mpogetxold ; 7) yuvawos ovvexa
Aékrpov $plovoiaa Zmyi Tovs evepyéras
‘EM\ddos dmides” ovdev Svras airiovs. 1310
3 Es bd 7 3 A 54
ovk €oTw aAlov Sapdvev dyov ode
A ~ \ ’ 5» 7Q3 > ’
7 70s Aws Odpaptos: eb 760 alcfdver.

Fo * * * x

/ IN ~ A / ~
Topawesalp. av MAANov 7 wAoXew KOKGS.
ovdels 8¢ Ovnrov Tals Tixais drijpatos,
ov Gedy, doddv elmep ov Yeudels Adyor. 1315

his / 3 3 / * > \ ’
ov Aéktpa 7 alljloiow, Gv ovdels vopos,
owiav; ov Seapoior dua Tupavvidas
warépas éknAidwaar; dAN oikola’ Guus

HER. : 4
50

Hp

ETPIIITIAOY > 2
¥ wy Cpl iN ’ 5c ’
OMlvumov mvéaxovrd 0 mpaprykores.
Kaitou 7{ joes, el oD pev Ovyros yeyds 1320
/ < / \ ’ \ \ ’
pépers vréppev Tas TUxas, Geol 8¢ pif;
’ 0 ol 3 ~ ’. i’
@jBas pev obv ékleure TOU vopou Xdpty,
érov § ap npiv wpos wohiopa Iallddos.
ékel xépas ods dyviocas pidoparos
dopovs Te dow xpnpaTev T éudv pépos. 182
\ 3 3 ~ ~ ys 1 ’
a 8 ék mohrdv 8dp &w odoas kopovs
dis érra Tadpov Kvdooiwov karakravev,
~ A
ool Tadta Owow* wavraxov Oé moi xbovos
Tepévy 6édacTar. TAUT émwvopacpéva
céfev To Mourov ék Pporav kek\ijoeral 1330
~ a cf ’
{dvros Oavivros &, edt av els "Abou poMys,
Ovolaior alvoisi 7 éfoykopacty
7 > rE ACY 7 /
Tipov avaler mao ~Alnvalwv wil.
Koos ydp dorols orépavos EANjvev vmo
> A ~
avdp’ éoflov wpelotvras evkAelas Tuxelv. 1335
Kaye xdptv cou Tis éuis cornplas
ron ’ ~ \ a ~ ’
vd avriddow: viv yap el xpelos pilwv.
\ > ~ 2a ~ ’
[6eot & Grav Typdow, ovdty dt pilwv.
ais yap 6 Beos opeddy, drav Gély.]
¥ ’ Zim i ~
otpor wapepya *rou Tad or éudv kakdv. 1310
3 \ A \ A hd Zz 3 Aa \ Z
éyw 0¢ Tovs feovs ovre Aéktp & un Géuis
orépyew vopllw, Seopd T &fdmrew Xepolv
ovr npélwoa wdwor oltre meloopa,
oud dAlov dAlov Sermdryy wepukévar.
~ \
detrar ydp o eds, elmep &or Svrws Oeos, 1385
3 7 3 ~ 4 / ’
0vderds: dowdy oide dvornvoL Adyol.
éokefauny 88, kailmep év kakolow ov,
pn Saklav dhe Tw ékhimdv dos.
3
Tds guudopas yap ooTis ovk émioTaral
\
Ovyros mepukds Sv Tpomov xpewv Pépew,
oud’ dvdpos av dtvaud vmooThvar élos. 1350
3 ’ ’ ~ 3.5 ’
éykaprepow Odvatov: elpr 8 és wow
\ \ ’ 3
™v ony, Xxdpw Te puplov Oddpwy exw.
> aN, ’
arap wovay 0) pvplov éyevoduny:
HPAKAHZ MAINOMENOZ. 51
» y 3 > ~ SQ 3 3 2» 3 i”
OV OUT dmelmov 0VOEV OUT OT OMMATOV
> \ SQ A 37 \ %
éorala mwiyas, ovd Av @opmy wore 1355
3 AOS ep 7 3 3. 3 ’ ~
és 7000 ikéobar, Sakpv am oppdarwv Balelv.
~ +] € El ~ ’ £
viv §, os foe, TN) TUX) SovAevréov.
A \ ~
elev: yepais, Tds épuas Puyds opds,
0 ~ \ 7 Ed 3 > / ? ~
opds 6¢ maldwy ovra pw avfévryy éudv.
dos Tovole TUpfw kal mepioTethov vekpovs 1360
~ ~ /
Sakpriowst Tiudy, épué yap ovk éa vopmos
* * * x =
\ poy y ’ \ S ’ 3 2 > ’
wpos oTépy épelgas pmTpl dovs T eis aykdlas,
Es \
kowawviay SvoTyvov, fv éyw TdAas
’ 3 ¥ ~ 3 > \ L \
Swwhes” akwv. yj © émyv kpiyms vexpovs,
olket wow TVS, dlfhiws pev, dAN Spos 1365
\ * > \ Zz ’
Yvxnv Pualov Tapa cuppépew kakd.
O TV, 0 PUoas x6 Teka VuAs Tarp
3 7 3 IQ » ~ ’ ~ ~
arwles, ovd vache TGV nov kalGv,
ayo mapeckevalov ékpoxfav Plov
~ \ > SN
evk\eLoy VY, TOTPOS amoAoVe LY kaAnv. 1370
7 2 3 < ’ bo ? » 3 ’
O€ T O0UY OMOlwS, & TAAWWV, ATWAETO,
4 \ y \ ’ 3. El “ 3 ~
womep oU Tape AékTp éowles acpalds,
paxpas Stavthovo év dopois oikovpias.
Ed 4 \ / yy > 9 ~
otpor dapapros kal Téxvov, olpor § éuov,
€ 3 Lr ! 3 Af
ws afMlws TETPAYO. kamolevyvupar 1375
J. ’ 3 s 1 ’
TEKVOY YUVaLKOS T° © Avypal Sdppiroy
Tépyress, _Avypai Te TOVO OmAwv kowwvial.
apxavd yep woTep. xo Tad 7 peti,
& whevpa Tapa mpoowitvovt pel Tdder
~ kl ’ 1» ~
‘Hptv méxv’ elles kal ddpapl- fuds Exes 13%
’ ’ Bil A RIN 7
madokTovovs Gols. er yw Td wAévaus
Ed 2, ’ 3 X \ o
olow; Ti Ppdokwy; alla yvuvelels omhov,
Suv ois Ta kdA\ioT éémpaf &v "EAMG,
3. ~ 3 \ € \ C2 ~ ’
éxbpois éuavrov vmofalwv aloxpds Gdvw ;
ov Aetrréov Tad, abhiws 8¢ cworéov. 1335
< ’ ~ ’ 9: iy , \
&v pol Ti, Onoed, avykap’ allie: kvvos
’ 3 y ’
xopuaTp és "Apyos cvykardoTyoov polwv,
/ \ ’
May 70 waldov pry mdbo povoipevos.

4—2
Cr
0

EYPIIIIAOY

® yata Kdduov mds te @nfalos Aews,
kelpaole, cvpmevbrjoor’, eer és Tadov 13%
maldwy, dravres § él Aoyw mevbioare
VEKPOUS Te Kaué mavres EEolsAapev
< ~ ’ 5 ’ ’
Hpas pa whyyévres abhi mixm.
®H. avicrac’, & Svoryre: dakpvoy & dis.

> A ’ > \ ’ ’
HP. ovk av Suvalpumyv: apfpa yap wémnpyé pov. 1395
OH. kal Tovs oOévovras yap kafarpoiow Tuyat.
HP. dev.

aUTOD yevolumy mwéTpos GuVIuGY Kako.

~ / y ~ 3 < 7 i
GH. wabooL didov de xeip vEnpéy Pilo.

> 2 ~ 7
HP. dN’ ofpa py cots éopdpéwpar mwémlots.

Ed N ’ > > 7’

OH. pace, deldov pndév: ovk avaivopar. 1400
HP. maidwv orepnfels maid cmos éxo o éudv.

OH. 8idov dépy ony xe’, odnyjow & éyd.

HP. {ebyds ye dihiov: arepos 6¢ Svoruyis.

o mpéo fu, Towvd avdpa xpy krdobar pido.
AM. 5 yap Texovoa Tovde martpls €vTekvos. 1405
HP. Onoed, md ww pe otpélov, ws Bw Tékva.

OH. os On Ti ¢iAtpov TdT Exwv pdwv oe;

HP. 7004, marpds TE oTépra mpooféotac Oé\o.
AM. ov 74d, & wal: Tap yop omevdes pila.
OH. olTws TOVWY TGV OUKETL pviumy éess ; 1410
HP. dravt é\doow ketva TGVS &rlqv kod.

OH. € 0 overal Tis OfAvv vr, ovk alvécer.

HP. {6 ool Tamewoss; alla mpoahey ov Sokd.

OH. dyav y+ 0 khewos ‘Hpaklijs moi kevos av;
HP. ov molos ofa vépher év kakoiow av; 1415

c 5 \ ~ Eo o 3's
OH. os é& 70 Aqua, wavros Mv Nocwy avip.

HP. nds ovv *é&u' elmois 61 ovvéoraluar kakols ;

OH. mpéBawe. HP. xalp, & mpéofv.

AM. Kal OV pot, Téxvoy
HP. 0apl womep elmov mwaidas.

AM. éue O¢ 7is, Tékvoy ;—
HP. éyo—AM. wor eGov ; 1420

He. vik av Qayms Téxva—
HPAKAHZ MAINOMENOZ. 53

AM. wos;

Hp.

XO.

els "Abas mépyopar OnBdv dro.
3 3 E) 4 2 ’ ~
aN eloropile Tékva SvakopiaTa Yi.
pets & avaldoavres aioyvvats dopo
Onoel mavodess oped épolkides.
dotis 0¢ whodtov  ofévos paldov hwy 1425
ayaldy werdobor Sovderar, kakds ¢povel.
oTeixopev olkTpol kal moAvkAavTol,
3 / i: 3 z
Ta péyloTa Gllwv oléravres.
 
NOTES.

1. Amphitryo, who openly boasts of the popular belief
that Hercules was the son of hig wife Alemena by Zeus,
describes the sad and destitute plight (51) of the family in
the absence of Hercules for the performance of his last
labour (23). The altar of Zeus the, Saviour, not far from
the house (337, 522), has been chosen as an asylum from
the threatened violence of the tyrant Lycus, in confidence
that the god, who seems to have borne the well-omened
name of Zevs Emwikios (49), would protect the blood-relatives
of the hero who had consecrated it.

3. érwkre. The use of the imperfect is remarkable; see
Alcest. 16, Oed. Col. 982, &rwkre ~ydp pw érikrev, olpor TGV
kak®v, olk i667 obk eldvia. This verb, like yervdy and ¢vew,
is applied in the active to both sexes. See 1182, 1867.—
’A)kalos, from whom the patronymic Alcides was formed,
seems to express the might, power, and endurance of the
solar hero, and so does the name of his mother Alemene.—
T6vde, ‘here before you’; ‘even me, the (reputed) father of
Hercules.’

4. os refers to the same subject as dv, and the repetition
of relatives six times in as many verses should be noticed,
as showing the compression of the narrative.

5. orayvs, messis, ‘crop,’ in allusion to owelpew in
omaprol. It was said that only five survived from the in-
ternecine contest between the heroes who sprang from the
dragon’s teeth sown by Cadmus. Their descendants were
the indigenous Kaduelwves. Cf. Aesch. Theb. 407, omaproy
8 am avdplr Gv "Apns égeloaro pliwy dveirar, kdpra 8 €or
éyxwptos, Mehanmmos. i

7. Tekvoboe, ‘ furnish with children by sons born from
their sons.” This use of the active verb is unusual; more
commonly a man is said rekvolgfar, ‘to have children born
to him.” Compare k\7polr ‘to allot,” with k\ypobcfac, ‘to
obtain by lot.” Nauck regards the word as corrupt; but it
is not easy to alter it, though ds—rexkv@ae, the praesens
historicum, is not improbable. ‘Ares spared a few that
they might provide descendants for the city of Cadmus.’
56 THE HERCULES FURENS OF EURIPIDES.

Ibid. ¥yfev,i.e. Creon was himself one of the sraprol, and
his daughter Megara had been married to Hercules amidst
the festive acclamations of the whole city. This is said in
order to form a contrast with the present misfortunes.

11. alaldiew, like yopevew Twa, droNoNbiew Twa, is used
actively, and has reference to songs the burden of which
was, ‘ See the conquering hero comes.” It is used passively
in Bacch. 593, Bpbuios 0s dhaldéerar oréyns égw.—mvika k.T.\.,
‘what time he was conducting her.” It is a peculiarity of
nike generally to take an imperfect tense. Cf. 45, Tro.
1131, mpix’ étdpua xfovés.

13. Nerv. Hercules had left Thebes, where Amphitryo
had come to reside for the reason alleged, and had conceived
a strong desire (@pétaro) to regain his native city Mycenae.
With this object in view (kafédov, as the price of return’)
he consents to perform certain labours imposed on him by
his half-brother Eurystheus the tyrant of Mycenae. An
additional motive was, to alleviate and make more bearable
(étevuapt few) the unfortunate position of his father Amphi-
tryo, at present an outcast from his country as a homicide.
See inf. 81.

14. mwevfepods, viz. Creon and his queen.

20. é&nuepovv=mowely duepov €¢ dayplov. The term is
specially applied to road-making and the clearing of wood
or scrub, as in Aesch. Eum. 13, xféva dviuepor Tiférres
nuepwpérny, and inf. 851, dBardy Te xdpar kal OdNacoar
ayptav éinuepdoas. Like nuépa and meridies, the dividing
into two halves was primarily meant (Donaldson, New
Crat. § 150). The vastness of such a labour is described by
wofoy péyav, and the suggested reason is, that it was im-
posed by the hostility of Hera, or was the law of destiny.

21. «kévrpois. The taming of a young horse by the ap-
plication of the goad is alluded to.—xpeav, a word of obscure
formation, is here indeclinable. Cf. Hipp. 1256, 00d érre
wolpas Tou xpedv 7 draX\ay®. (Perhaps for Tod 6 xpedw éore,
xpews being an obsolete participial form.)

28. desméfew here takes the accusative (usually the
genitive) in the sense of eifvvew.

80. Amphion and Zethus, like Castor and Pollux, and
Hercules himself, were sun-gods in the early mythology.
With the former name we may compare imeplwy, as an
epithet of the sun.

81. mals warps. The syntax perhaps is, ob mals kekA.
TavTdv dvopa warpés. (H. and G. construe od marpds, regard-
ing mwarpos as superfluously added.) We might read ¢ for
ov, ‘the same name with whom,” &c. The old Lycus had
been driven out and retired to Euboea, whence his name-
sake (son or grandson) is restored by a revolutionary party
opposed to the omaprol. Fearing retribution from that
NOTES. 7

faction, Liycus seeks to kill every relative of Creon. In all
solar legends the notions of change, succession, hostile
aggression, are to be traced. Lycus, like Apollo Lycaeus, is
from the root Auk, ‘light.” He had a brother called Nycteus.

35. dvnuuévov (dvdmrTw), probably a naval term. See
inf. 478, 1012, Troad. 844, Geolow kndos dvayduevos. This
relationship, contrary to what might be expected from a
royal alliance, is ‘proving the greatest evil” Hence he adds
ws &oke. The ap following gives the reason, and a full
stop is wrongly placed after yiyverar.

38. 0 khewos, ironically, ‘this illustrious ruler.’ See
inf. 541. Elmsley’s conjecture, 6 kawos, viz. the young
contrasted with the old Lycus, is plausible in both places,
and is adopted by Nauck. Cf. inf. 566, &6duovs kawdv
Tupavvwy. In v. 768 6 kawds dvaé is Liycus contrasted with
Hercules, who is walairepos kparwv. In El. 776, &6 7 6
x\ewods Tov Mukyralwy dvaé, the same correction would suit
the usurper Aegisthus.

89. éfehewy, exscindere, ‘ utterly to destroy.” Cp. Hipp.
18, kvoiy Taxelaws Onpas éfapel xbovés. Tro. 24, "Hpas’ Afdvas
0’ al guvetethov Ppiryas. Inf. 60, 154.

43. pjrpwow, ‘for their mother’s father,” Creon. The
plural, as mevfepods in 14, includes the family, whom we
may suppose to have been also slain by Lycus. With uy
we may supply (as inf. 47), ¢oBoUuevos, ‘fearing lest some
day,’ &c. The clause refers to rods ‘Hpar\elovs mwaidas, but
otde is added because Amphitryo had interposed mention of
himself.

47. ov unrpl. To be construed with Bwwpor kafifw.
Nauck regards this line as interpolated. It is not often that
the first syllable in réxvov is made long. See inf. 537.

50. Muwias. A people of Orchomenos, who had long
held the Thebans as tributaries (Apollodor. 11. 4, 11). See
220, 560.

51. xpetoy, egentes. This rather rare word occurs Aesch.
Suppl. 198, xpetos el &évn puyas, and inf. 1337, viv vip el
XpELos pilwr.,

53. éoppayiouévor. To be ‘sealed out of one’s property’
is to be ousted, and to have seals put upon it by the new
claimant. Cf. inf. 330, viv yap ékxexApuefa. Or. 1108, kal
of) mar? dmwoogparyierar. Aesch. Ag. 592, enpavripiov ovdéy
duapfelpacav év pnrer xpbvov. There is no reason to suspect
corruption of the text, with Nauck and Madvig.

55. cages, here as elsewhere, means d\nfels.

56. mpoowpehev. The preposition may mean ‘to give
any further aid’ (H. and G.), but it may also, as in mpogsap-
ke, imply the bringing up of assistance in time of need.
The chorus of aged Cadmeans are meant,

89. é\eyxor. In apposition, not with 7s, but with the

x
58 THE HERCULES FURENS OF EURIPIDES.

sentence. The idiom is common enough, but especially in
words implying requital, as wowds, drowa, duoBas (inf. 226),
drblavow (Hel. 77). The meaning is, ‘for that would
prove the surest test of friendship,” i.e. and I might be
found to fail in my duty. Even an ordinary friend in
trouble might expect me to help him, and would blame me
if I did not.

60. Megara explains her solicitude for her children’s
safety, and her dependence on the aid and the counsel of
Amphitryo. It should be observed that her speech has
half the number of verses ‘compared with the preceding; a
law which elsewhere holds good, e.g. the pfiots at 1313 com-
pared with those at 1255 and 1340.

61. orparnharely =cTparndrys elvar takes a genitive in
Rhes. 276, d\xns pvptas orpargharwr. The epithet khewsds is
changed to the adverbial iK\ewd. Cf. inf. 113.

62. ovdév, supply mpayua or dwpor. But Nauck reads
Toy fetwy with Kirchhoff. .

63. és marépa, ‘in respect of my father’s rank.’ To be
‘driven from luck’ is to become, as it were, an outcast from
fortune.

65. 7s mépe. ‘In the contest for which long lances
take a spring, through their eager desire of it, at the bodies
of the rich and great.” The poet attributes volition to the
weapons themselves as if they took a part in the fight.—
épwre is a ‘causal dative.” It was enough to say 7s éwre
without the wép:.

67. kéué. This is rather irregularly put for ofr’ és
yduor: €éué yap k.T.\.

etvp. For d\oyxor. So Soph. Trach. 27, ‘Hpar\et
Néxos kpiTov Evordoa.

72. Ugeuéyn, ‘crouching down to cover them.” (Or
possibly, in the medial sense, ‘having had them put under
me,’ suppositos servans.) The lurking and low crouching of
a snake is thus expressed in Antig. 531, os Edy ve
Ly. .
73. mwirvwr. Were there sufficient authority for the
aorist, mirror would here seem better: ‘after questioning
each other, they come and ask me.” The phrase is rather
unusual, ‘to descend to inquiry.’ It can hardly mean
‘kneeling to implore me to answer.’

75. m6’ ffer; ‘when will he return?’ ef. 146, 335.—
TQ véy, ‘mistaken through the inexperience of youth.’

76. Odiagépw. I put them off with excuses, inventing
stories about him.” The verb is so used in Aesch. Cho. 60.

77. Nauck, after Kirchhoff, reads favud{wr 6’ —mas, for
the wonder was rather that of the children than of Megara,
who feared for the worst. Still, she may mean, ‘I express
surprise when’ &e., i.e. this may be one of the ubfo
NOTES. 59

employed to deceive them. Thus mds Te will mean, ‘and
then every one gets up.’

81. edpapliew, like evrpemifew, is to make easy or
ready, and the é in such compounds implies the bringing
out of another state or other circumstances. Cf. sup. 18.
Nauck would restore the active, since the hope and the
suggestion were for the benefit of others. ‘Can you make
easy to yourself,’ viz. to explain it to others, may be the
sense intended.

82. ékBrrar, with an accusative, is often used with the
meaning of passing a boundary. So Bacch. 1004, é&éBnuey
Agwmod pods. Iph. T. 97, wérepa k\ipdkwy mposauBdcecs
éxBnobpecia ;

83. Construe nud» kpelogoves, ‘superior to us,” viz. in
strength, number, cunning, &ec.

86. érowmov; ready and prepared, and so not to be
averted, if for a time postponed.

89. mapawely, ‘to give advice in such rstiden) seems
clearly to refer to the request in 81. Reiske’s conjecture,
adopted.by W. Dindorf and Nauck, mepaivew, should rather
have been the aorist, mepdvat.—omovddoarra, ‘in serious-
ness,” ‘with an earnest desire to comply.” Thus ¢ailws
and dvev mévov mean ‘off-hand and without taking trouble
to think.’

90. wpocdels. ‘Do you want still more grief (by sur-
viving), or are you so fond of life as not to accept the death
which is inevitable?” The point of the ironical remark is
not clear. Megara understood Amphitryo to recommend
delay, pnkivew ypévov, 87, which she thinks faint-hearted,
while he argues that while there is life there is hope, 93.

95. ~yévoiro dv. He gives the real motive for delay:
‘why, my daughter, there may be found a favourable course
out of these present troubles both for you and for me.”

98. dA\& k.7.\. “So keep still, and remove from your
children the sources (causes) of their flowing - tears, and
talk them into quietness by your words, deceiving them by
the stories you tell, though it be but a sad deceit.” For
Abyou and pido coutrasted, cf. 77.

99. mapevkn\ely is a remarkable word, used transitively
in the sense of kn\ely, but formed from ékznhos, elknhos
(éxwy). The preposition has the same force as in wapeurey
and wapapvfeigbar, ‘to talk over to one’s views.’

101. «kdwrovsi. Any thing or person that has weakness
or unstableness is said kquvew. ¢Even the events (good or
bad) that befall man are liable to change, just as the gales of
wind do not always have their full foree; and those who are
prosperous, are not prosperous to the end. For in all
things (the two opposite conditions) tend to separate and
stand aloof from each other.” Cf. Soph. 4j. 672, étlararac 6
60 THE HERCULES FURENS OF EURIPIDES.

vukTds alarms kUkhos TH ANevkomw\w ¢éyyos nuépe PpAéyew,
‘ night stands aloof to make room for day.’

104. The words dn dA\fAwy show that a coupling
(ov§vyia) of opposite fortunes must be meant; and this
explanation brings out an excellent sentiment; happiness
and misery, riches and poverty, virtue and vice, are ever
shifting, so that very poor becomes very rich &ec., and the
converse.’

106. amopely, to be desponding,’ ‘not to know where to
turn.’ In reference to wdpor gwrypias v. 80.—«axol, ¢poor-
hearted,’ ¢ cowardly.’

107. In the short parode the chorus of aged Thebans,
supporting themselves (like the chorus in the Agamemnon,
80) on staves as they march from the entrance of the or-
chestra towards the front of the stage, exhort each other,
through the syeuwr, to bring words of condolence to the
children (110), whose likeness to their father they recognise
(132).

Ibid. The first verse is a resolved dochmius. By.
reading vyopopa with Musgrave, and transposing (mda
apokdunre) 119, Nauck obtains a closer metrical agreement.
Though puéhafpa properly refers to a mansion, it may poeti-
cally mean some place of asylum at the altar covered with
a temporary roof. It would seem, from v. 337, that the
zarppor wéhadpor was near the spot, and perhaps it was
represented by the central door on the cknvy, the altar
being supposed to stand in the forecourt, mpd dwudrwr, v.

25.
109. éordhyr, ‘Icame (set out) to condole,’ lit. © a singer
of dirges like a swan.” He adds, ‘though only a voice’ (voz
et praeterea nihil) ‘and a gloomy-visaged semblance of
nightly dreams,’—a shadow rather than a substance.—
déuria, to the bed at the altar occupied by the old Amphi-
tryo.

118. 7pouepd. See 61, inf. 892 and 1092, mvoas Oepuds
mvéw perdpal’ ov BéBaia.

114, It is perhaps best to construe rarpos drdropa, viz.
éoTepnuéva.

116. With 7ov ’AfSa duos supply some participle like
evoiatplBovra.

121—2, These verses are eorrupt, but the sense is
clear, ‘like a horse under the yoke toiling slowly up a hill.’
Possibly this is said (see Eur. EL 489) as they ascend the
steps from the orchestra to the stage. Nauck, who sup-
poses v. 110 to be interpolated, reads Ware mpds mwerpaior |
Némas {vyopopos dpuatos Bapos pépwr | Tpoxn\droo wGAos.

123. NaBov xepwr. ‘Take hold of the hand or the robe
of your companion, if any of you feel faint with the
exertion.’
NOTES. 61

125. ~épwy k.7\. Cf. Bacch. 193, vépwv yépovra waida-
ywynow a éyd.

127. @ &womka. Who once, as a young omAirys, bore
shield and spear with a comrade of the same age, to the
credit of your glorious country. ¢ The war with the Taphii
is perhaps referred to.” (H. and G.)

133. 70 8¢ 8% k.7-N. ‘Yet his ill-luck, it seems, has not
left (lit. ¢ failed from’) his children, just as his good looks
have not departed.” W. Dindorf would transpose this verse
to follow the next ; Nauck incloses it in brackets.

139. For wéxas Nauck, after Kirchhoff, reads mdpos. A.
better reading would be miAas. Cf. Aesch. Cho. 719, mot 67
warels (repds?), Kihwooa, dwuarwy midas ;

140. Lycus comes on the stage, and in a taunting
address asks if the refugees expect to be spared on account of
the bravery of Hercules, who, at best, only used his bow
against beasts. The reply of Amphitryon seems a political
defence of the Athenian ol against the overweening pride
of the §mAirac. Compare 4jax 1120, kdv Yrs dpkéoarue aot
vy omhouéve.

141. el xp, as the following sentence shows, is said in
irony. ‘If I may be permitted to ask this father and this
wife of Hercules.’

146. &s & (MSS. do0’), ‘and how (far) beyond its real
desert you take on yourselves a burden of grief at having to
die |” Cf. Antig. 907, 76v8’ av ygpéunv wévov, and Hee. 105,
GAN dyyeNlas Bdpos dpapévy.

149. Oeor is wanting in the MSS., and the verse is
thought to have been tampered with. To call Hercules a
‘new god’ in his life-time seems quite out of place. Pflugk
proposed Zeds éxowwver Néxovs, which better suits the indica-
tive following, éx\nfns. Certainly 7ékor véor is near to
éxowy-,

151. 7 70 oepvdv kr. \. ‘And after all, what is the
fine exploit that has been done by your husband, if he did

‘kill a water-snake in a pond, or even that (more famous) lion
of Nemea, which he caught in a noose, while you pretend
that he destroyed him (sup. 89) by strangling him with his
arms?’

155. Tolode k.7.A. “Is it by such deeds as these that ye
seek to get out of your troubles?” Compare ééamaofar,
‘to get out of a contest,” Hel. 387, 1471, éxumoxfelv and éxmo-
vey inf. 309, 581.

157. 6s. As if ‘Hparhéovs, not "Hpax\elovs, had pre-
ceded.

158. év alyuy, ie. év udyxy. Perhaps dxf would have
been preferred, but that d\ruuos follows.

161. 74 ¢vyp. The rout that he expected, and that
was sure to come.
62 THE HERCULES FURENS OF EURIPIDES.

162. drops. ‘Emphatic by position.” (H. and G.)

164. éuBeBos, ‘keeping his place in the rank.” Pro-
perly, ‘having entered the rank and staying there.’

Ibid. Taxetar ahoka. The gash that comes so quickly
and so suddenly that it cannot easily be averted.

165. &xer 6. ‘Now my conduct (in demanding your
death) implies not cruelty, but caution.’

169. otknp. This is somewhat superfluously added, as
if Suenpdpovs or dik éxmpdEovras were intended.—\eméofar is
‘to have avengers left.” For the genitive absolute Tpagérras
Tovgde would have been more usual. (H. and G.)

170. puéper. Both the real and the putative father had
a share, or part, in the existence of Hercules. To the
former, as Zelds cwrhp, his life and safety are committed,—
‘let Zeus defend that share in his son which belongs to
Zeus,"—to the latter, the defence of his character. The MS.
reading 7¢ 700 Aws is much better than 76 Toi Aws (Nauck),
for 70 & eis éué (avikov pépos), quod ad me attinet, is a slight
and legitimate change of syntax. Compare Tovkelvov uév
evTuxels uépos in Hee. 989, and ov dv 7, 70 adv uépos, in Oed.
Col. 1366.

174. tdppyra. H. and G. show, after Mr Sandys, that
the term is a legal one, applicable to the charge of libel ; and
that the addition of udprvsw tends to prove this. See on v.
290. They well quote Isocr. Or. 20 § 3, kal wepl Tis kaknyo-
plas voor &fecav os keheler Tods Néyorrds TL TGV amoppRTWY
wevTakoolas dpayxuas dpeihewv. Compare also Dem. p. 612, Tov
3¢ opod pyre kal dppyra kakd (ENeyev).

179. Tiéyaoi. Asif payxouevos had been added. The sun-
god, Hercules, and the dawn-goddess, Athena (Ion 1529), were
supposed to have taken part in quelling the rebel giants,—one
of the oldest and most universal traditions of the human race.

Ibid. évapudoas. Cf. Phoen. 1412, 8. dugpalod kabBijker
&yxos opovdidois T° évrpuoger. Arrows are specially men-
tioned here because Lycus had disparaged them.

182. ®onémr. A mountain of Arcadia, where Hercules
was said to have engaged with the Centaurs.

183. éykpivewar, Nauck, as the true Attic form. ¢Ask
them, whom they would choose among their own ranks, as
the bravest man?’ The compound here is not a synonym
of kplvew, ‘to adjudge.” Perhaps, ékkplveiar, as Expiros is
often used for ¢ select,’ or ¢ special.’

184. 4 ou. Lit. ‘Or do you suppose they would not
choose,” &e. There is no need to regard the negative as
superfluous, as in the phrase ud\\ov 7 ov. Nauck, however,
has no stop at the end of 183.

Ibid. elvac dokely, supply ovk dvra, ‘to seem to be with-
out being so.” Aesch. Theb. 588, ov yap Sokelv dpisTos, GAN’
evar Géhel.
NOTES. 63

185. épwrdv, the mominativus pendens for éav épwrds,
seems harsh, but the poet may have meant to add odx av
érawebelys. Nauck thinks the verse corrupt. Dirphys, in
Euboea, was said to be the birth-place of Lycus, the Ho-
meric name of the Euboeans being "ABavres. Hence wdrpay
is added, 187.

189. puéuge, ‘you disparage.’ —ra dm’ émod, ‘my view
of the case.’

191. Nauck follows Madvig in reading xdv 7oioe for
kal Toiot, where the dative is difficult to defend. The ex-
pression is brief, for kal éav of cvvrayfévres uy dow dyabol,
and this, if we adopt the év, we must assume to be slightly
varied by év Tols curraxfeiow, of uy dyabol elot, kabeoTws.
When those with whom he stands in the rank are not
brave, he himself dies through the cowardice of others.’
Perhaps de\lg (=0dwa Tv dehlav) is in apposition to the
implied syntax 7¢ (6ua 70) un dyabods elvar Tods currayfév-
Tas. In this case, the clause ‘he dies through the cowar-
dice of his comrades’ is simply repeated in dec\ig 77 T@V
mé\as. Compare inf. 225—6.

193. 6pavoas Te. ©Or again, if he breaks his lance he
has not wherewith to ward off death from (lit. ‘for’) his
person, since he has this sole protection,’ i.e. nothing but
his lance to defend himself with. -

196. & pév. Supply Exe or ovo.  dA\as, with other
arrows still left in his quiver.

203. éx Tixns, ‘out of bow-shot.” Poetically dpuioué-
vous is used, by a naval metaphor, for kafesrdras.

205. Nauck thinks this line spurious; but clearly we
cannot do without it. ‘My arguments contain a view
which is opposed to yours in the matter now before us,’
viz. the relative merit of the y\os and the émhirys. The
other matter, the death of the children, sup. 156, follows
next. Cf. Aesch. 4g. 1020, émrov, T& Agora TGV TapesTdTWY
Aéver.

218. €l & ody 60é\ess. “Or, if you do wish,” &e. ‘You
ought, in fairness, to die by our hands; but if you are
resolved that we must be removed, and you remain ruler of
the land, why not banish us? A common use of the com-
bination el & olv. So Aesch. Cho. 562, el § olv duelyw
Baldy &pketov mG, ‘if I do cross the threshold, then’ &e.

215. Biav. The Greeks often say mwafew 7, or wafely
kakov, but not mabey drnr, {nulav, Adpnyy &c. Hence we
should probably read Big, ‘do nothing to us by violence, or
by violence you will be a sufferer yourself.” The MSS. have

Nav.

218. évdaroluevos. An Aeschylean word (Theb. 574),
not easy to explain. In some passages it seems to mean
‘to utter reproachfully’; but from Oed. Tyr. 203, xpvoo-
64 THE HERCULES FURENS OF EURIPIDES.

oTéAwy am’ dyxvA@y Béxea Oéhoy’ dv dddpar’ évdarelsbar, it
may well, as here, have the sense of rofevew, the primary
idea being ‘to distribute among.’

219. rowadra. ‘Is it in this way that you aid Hercules?’
The same as oirws, as k\ewd for kKhewas, sup. 61.

220. Muwiawse. Pronounced as a trisyllable, the wv
being here our w. FErginus, king of the Minyae, had im-
posed a tribute on the Thebans, but was slain by Hercules
and compelled to pay twice the amount of tribute to them,
Apollodor. 11. 4, 11.

226. duotBas, ‘in return for the clearings he made on
sea and land, and in gratitude for the labours he performed
for her.” See sup. 59 and 191. For the reference to pirates
in kabapudrwr, v. 401. With éubxbnoer supply vmép airs.
Nauck, without any reason, pronounces ydpw  vitiosum.”’

227. 7a 8é. The cognate accusative with dpket, ‘these
aids neither Thebes nor (the rest of) Hellas affords you.’

229. yAdaans Popov. The old men of the chorus called
themselves &rea pévor, v. 111.

234. For mépa, ‘beyond,’ Nauck gives mépav, ‘to the
other side of,” across the Atlantic; cf. Hipp. 3; he also
reads, with Elmsley, »w for dv in 235. But dore ¢pedyew dv
may represent ore épevyer dv.

236. dgopuds, ‘subject-matter,’ lit. starting-points for
their arguments. Cf. Hec. 1238, ¢eb ¢ed, Pporoiow ds Td
XPNOTE TpdymaTa XpnaTwy dpopuds évdidws’ del Noywr, Bacch.
266, drav NdBy Tis TOY Noywy dvnp gopds kalds dpopuds, ov
uéy’ €pyor ei Néyew. In the present passage, depopuis
&xovot means that the well-born and well-bred, even if not
eloquent, at least have something to say that is worth
listening to, from a natural superiority of character.

238. Lycus threatens to reply to words by deeds, and
gives orders to bring fire; but the chorus, raising their
staves, offer a determined resistance.

Ibid. Néye. ‘Go on saying of us the words you have
uttered with such towering pride.” Cf. Orest. 1568, Meré-
Aaov elmov, 0s memipywoar Opdcel. Rhes. 122, alfwy ~ydp
arp, kal memwipywrat Opdoet.

239. 7&v Noyww, ‘those words.” Itis common to add
the article to a word repeated, particularly in Oeol—robs
Oeots, &c. Thus Oed. Col. 7, cukpdy pév éfaurolvra, TOD
auikpol 8 &ru pelo ¢épovra, ‘getting even less than that
little.” Inf. 1263, Zevs, ores 6 Zevs.

240. dye. Often used where dyere is more correct, but
not metrically convenient. So Pers. 142, d\\’ dye, Ilépoar.

241. é\fbvras the MSS., but it is more likely that the
messengers themselves are told to go with the order.

242. éreddv. ‘And when they (the billets) have been
brought (and laid) in the city, pile firewood about the altar
NOTES. 65

on both sides.” The Homeric ¢ugpl mepl seems had in view.
See 1037. The preposition becomes an adjective by the
termination -7pys.

245. olvexa, oi éveka, properly ‘why’; in Sophocles,
ofovveka, ‘that.’ The simple preposition should always be
printed elvexa, not olvexa.

246. 7dde. So Heracl. 641, kal mpss v’ edruxels Ta viv
rdde. ‘I am now (the ruler) here.’ Cf. 4ndr. 168, ov dp
é09 "Bkrwp Tdde. Tro. 100, odkére Tpola Tdde. The literal
sense may be, ‘in respect to these matters that are before
us now.’

247. mpéoBeis. Here and in Pers. 836 for vépovres, but
the plural usually means ‘envoys.’ Conversely, mpéofus
(MS. mpéofn) means ‘envoy’ in Aesch. Suppl. 707.

252. omelper. In allusion to the name omwaprol (sup. 5).
Ares himself is said to have.sown the dragon’s teeth. The
leader of the chorus addresses his fellows, and tells them to
use their sticks (sup. 108), as Amphitryo (234) had threatened
to use his spear against Lycus.

257. 7&v véwr. ‘The new population,’ i.e. not the old
Kaduelwres, who disown his authority. Nauck thinks the
words corrupt.—darcs, used causally, qui (ut qui) regat.

259. ambévyoa, ‘the wealth I have earned by my own
toils.” Cf. Suppl. 450, krdobar 6¢ mhoiTov ral Blov Ti det
Tékvois, @s TQ Tupdvre whelov’ ékpoxfyn Piov; Ion 1087,
é\mi{el Bagi\eboew dANwy wovoy elomeady.

263. éketvos. ‘That father of theirs, no longer present.’
A common use of the pronoun, especially in reference to
persons now nomore. The words are purposely ambiguous;
the aid of the spirit in Hades, or his actual return to earth,
may be meant.

264. émel. This refers to dméppwr, v. 260. ‘Be off! for
you, who have ruined the land, hold it (as the ruler), while
he who aided it (v. 220) does not meet with his deserts,’ viz.
in getting protection for his family (v. 227).

266. wodoow mold. ‘Do I interfere in matters that
do not concern me?’ Have I not a right to oppose your
unjust decision, v. 247?

269. év 6¢ kv. \. ‘But in your present state of weak-
ness (from age) you have found that eager wish to be vain’
(have lost the chance or hope of its fulfilment).

271. gknoaper. The force of dv is continued; ‘and we
would have governed gloriously this city of Thebes in (the
possession of) which you now exult; (a possession foolishly
bestowed on you by the state,) for,’ &e.

275. Megara, in a rather difficult speech, thanks the
chorus for their zeal, but declines their active interference.
(This is the usual sense of aivel, as inf. 1235.)

276. Owaias. Friends are bound to be justly indignant

HER. a
66 THE HERCULES FURENS OF EURIPIDES.

when they take the part of friends who have been
wronged.

282. Tpome is perhaps corrupt. Possibly Bpordv or
Bporots (‘what mortals must endure’), and rpbwov or Tpbmous
(“in his disposition’), should change places. Dobree pro-
posed mérue for Tbe.

285. un wept k.7.N. Not to wait till the lighted faggots
are set round us (v. 243), but to die bravely by our own act.

287. égeihouer. We are indebted to the house and
family of Hercules for many noble deeds we are credited
with; and we ought to repay them with noble deeds in the
present distress.

289. ¥md may mean ‘through cowardice,’ i.e. because
you fear to act with firmness and decision, or ‘with
cowardice,” as Hipp. 1299, ds vm’ evkhelas avy; Tro. 346,
vr’ alxuns yauelobad.

290. oluos 6¢ k.7.\. ‘But my husband needs no
witnesses to attest his valour in war.’ Cf. sup. 176,
Elec. 877, tis 6¢ wpos Noyxnv BNémrwy udprus yévorr’ dv doris
éorlv dyabos; In the next verse (see inf. 801) it seems
necessary to read kai for os, which appears to have crept
into the text from a false notion that the poet meant
‘testimony that,’ &e. The meaning is, ‘my husband is
acknowledged to be brave, and being so, he would not care
to save his children if they incurred a charge of cowardice;
for the truly noble feel disgrace (not only for themselves,
but) in their children’s behalf.’

294. éuot Te. “I too, as the wife of a brave husband,
am bound to imitate his bravery.’

296. 7gew. Cf.v.75.—Umo, ‘from beneath.” So Hec. 53,
wepg yop 10° Vd oknrils oda.

297. kal 7is k.7.\. ‘But surely no one of those departed
ever came back from Hades.’

298. dA\' ws. ‘But it is your hope that,’ &e.

299. ¢evyew. To shun converse with him, not to try
to convince him. The wise and the well-educated, she
adds, may perhaps show you mercy and consideration if
you yield to their wishes, and suggest to them friendly
counsel (e.g. the inexpediency of harsh measures) instead of
refusing to obey.

802. wapacreichar seems to mean, besides the occasional
sense of deprecari, to put forward as a request a secondary
or alternative proposition, as in this case, a proposal of
exile instead of death. Cf. Med. 1151—4, ob up—maparrioet
warpds ¢uyas dpelvar raat.

304. mepBaleiv. ‘To invest them with’ (throw round
them the protection of) a promise of life.’

305. «s. This explains wevig. We might read ¢pi\ovs
for ¢ilois, ‘men do say that to those who naturally shun
NOTES. 67

the faces of strangers (i.e. lest they should be called to help
them) friends have an agreeable look only for a single day.’
Others translate, ‘the faces of hosts have a pleasant look
for exiled friends only for one day.’ The MSS. have ¢i\ot,
which might stand if é& 8’ juap followed.

307. opws, viz. whether you meet it bravely or not.

309. ékuoxbet, ‘tries to evade by toil and trouble.” A
remarkable use of the compound, which literally means “to
work off * as well as ‘to work out.” Nauck and others adopt
éxpox ety from Reiske, but this seems no improvement, and
the 6¢ in apodosis is rather an objection. ‘He who would
take trouble to escape from the dispensations of the gods,
shows zeal indeed, but his zeal is foolish,” because it is
useless. Compare inf. 580, 7&v 8’ éuwr Tékvwr odk ékmovow
Odvarov; It is not improbable that the poet wrote pdraios,
not mpéfupos. Hermann however compares Heracl. 614,
popoua 0 oltre uyelv Oéuis, ov copla Tis amboeTal, GANA
paray 6 wpbOuuos del movov fel.

313. émavoaro, viz. Ts UPpews. We should expect
éravoly. Nauck reads éraved vy dr, but the ye here sounds
wrong.

315. owdoe, ‘repel,’ ‘avert, ‘thrust aside.” Dobree’s
reading duoioes, ‘postpone,’ is ingenious.

316. Amphitryo replies, not to the chorus, but to
Megara, who had said 7éAua ped’ judy Odvarov, 307. It
was not for his own sake, he says, but for the children, that
he had offered resistance.

325. 7 mpofupos ef Nauck and others.

330. wiv ydp. See sup. 53.

331. Nauck reads dmwoXdBws’, but dmolayetr may well
mean to receive a \dyos or share of the family possessions.
In Ton 609 it appears to mean ‘to have a share all to one’s
self.’

335. tw. Seeinf. 701. With these words Lycus leaves
the stage; Megara and Amphitryo also enter the house.

337. oJ Tis ovotas. “The property of which (or perhaps
‘the reality’) is held by others, though you still retain the
name,” and continue to call it your own. In Trach. 911,
kal THs dwawdos és 70 Aourov ovaias, it means ‘existence’ (ras
drawdas MSS.), ‘state in life.’

340. The reading of this verse is corrupt. Perhaps
yovéa o’ dvr’, or (Nauck) yové’ éuod o’.

346. ocwiew. The infinitive, not the participle, follows
eriorapar in the sense ‘I know how to do’ so-and-so.
Thus Aesch. Suppl. 894, £évos pév elvar mpdrov olk émloTasal.
The open reproach of the gods for their immorality is a
characteristic of Euripides, who sighed for a better religion
than he had got. Cf. inf. 1341, Ion 436 —51, where there
is a long and fine passage on this subject.

5—2
68 THE IERCULES FURENS OF EURIPIDES.

347. 4) dikawos. Either you are too stupid, or you have
not justice enough to wish to save your family. Nauck
reads el dikacos, with Reiske. In this case, e/ must mean si-
quidem.

348. Ina long ode, chiefly in the glyconic measure, the
chorus celebrates the twelve labours of Hercules, which, for
the most part, may be explained as the efforts ‘of the sun-
god to pass through the twelve zodiacal signs.

Ibid. éml pay “Phoebus sings a happy strain before
notes of woe; so will I sing the praises of Hercules before
the dirge I must soon raise over his children” (H. and G.).
The ¢dirge’ commences at v. 430.

355. oTepdvwua, the accusative in apposition to the
sentence.

857. dreral, ‘deeds of valour,’ here stands for the rela.
tion of such deeds. We have a similar idiom in uwpla
meaning ‘the charge of folly,” &e.

358. 70's favoiow. Both Hercules, who is supposed to
be dead, and the children who are likely soon to be so, are
meant.

360. Néovros. The defeat of the Nemean Lion seems in.
some way to represent the sun-god in the zodiacal sign
Leo. Many of the monsters subdued by him, Hydra, ser-
pent, horses, bulls, birds, Centaur, Cyecnus, are also well-
known star-signs.

362. Hesych. évdrige, 70 wvdra wepteakémacer. In
ancient art Hercules carries the lion’s skin on his back,
the front paws meeting under his chin, and the mouth
with its huge fangs partly concealing his head and face.

368. IInveds. The scene of the defeat of the Centaurs
is here placed, not at Pholoé in Arcadia (sup. 182), but in
Thessaly, where the Lapithae and the Centaurs were gene-
rally said to have fought. See Il. 1. 267. The narrative
here, from the epithet dkapmoi, which implies that the
Centaurs overran and injured the corn-fields, seems to
regard this feat as a part of the yaias juépwas, sup. 20.

370. fepdvar. This word in Euripides is sometimes
used like grafuol, ‘stations,’ or ‘abodes.’ See Bacch. 1043,
Tro. 1070, Iph. 4. 1499, Hee. 452.

371. &avAo. Caverns in the region or neighbourhood
of Homole, a mountain in Thessaly near the Peneus, from
whence the monsters used to issue forth armed with pine-
trees. The explanation of the strange legend must be
sought in the forms of clouds on mountains and mists
brooding over pine-clad valleys and ravines, and thus
causing strange optical delusions to unscientific minds.

372. wevkawww. The dative after verbs of filling is not
uncommon. So Awuéva ékmAnpwy wAary, Or. 54, Nékrpa—
wipmhatal dakpluacw, Pers. 133.
NOTES. 69

376. Obpka. Apollodor. 11. 5, 3, Tpiror dO\ov émérater
att ti Kepuvitw éNagov els Mukiras éumvody éveykelv. "Hy
8¢ 7 E\agpos év Olvéy xpuookepws, 'Apréuidos iepd, 610 kal Bov-
Nuevos avryy ‘Hpar\ns unre dvekely unre Tphoat, cuvediwiey
aiThy 6hov éviavtlv. This legend again is obviously solar.
By ayd\\ew (used actively Med. 1227), it would seem as if
Hercules after killing the stag had dedicated the spoils, i.e.
hung up the golden horns (which may mean the crescent
moon) in honour of Artemis the Huntress, dyporépa. It is
to be observed that this, like most of the ‘labours,’ is
regarded by the poet as part of the great task undertaken
by Hercules, to clear the habitable world of mischievous
monsters. It has been already remarked, that while a
myth in its origin is solar, its treatment is always human
and realistic.

383. éfbafor. If the reading be right, the sense must
be ‘greedily devoured.” The word is used transitively in
Iph. T. 1142, wrépuyas God iovoa, and perhaps any rapid act
may be poetically so described. But Hartung’s conjecture
éddiov is very probable. By dxdAwa (adverbially, cf. 61)
the removing of the bit, that horses may eat more freely,
seems to be meant. For the story of Diomede’s steeds see
Alcest. 494 seqq.

887. pubxlov, i.e. Tov pbxfov, this labour which had

“been imposed by Eurystheus.

392. ’Augavaia (v7) is the district round a Thessalian
town ’Apgaral, where the robber Cycnus, whose fight with
Ares is the subject of the ¢ Shield of Hercules’ attributed to
Hesiod, was supposed to dwell. As the ‘swan’ is the name
of a constellation, it is probable that here also we have
a disguised solar myth. Nauck retains the old reading
Kokvor 6¢ Eevodalkrar, but Kirchhoff’s correction &ewodaikrar
is much more probable.

395. Nauck reads durwddr re kopav f\vlev ‘Bomepldwy és
avhdv. The accusative of the person after éNdelv is not
usual. But 8a o7rpardv, inf. 408, is very like it, and so 7{
xpéos éBa pe, Ar. Nub. 30.

401. eloéBawe. The imperfect (intrabat) seems to mean
that he devoted some time to the exploring the different
bays and harbours. The suppression of the pirates who
infested them is expressed by yalarelas 7ifeis, the plural
perhaps referring to the several localities. This is alluded
to in wovriwy kabapudrwy, v. 225.

404. é\alver. Cf. 351. He extended (lit. ¢ puts forth at
full length’) his hands under the central seat of heaven,
which was called by the epic poets &os and ydAxeor ofdas,
the firmament above which the gods were seated.

406. dorpgovs, Hermann, ‘the starry homes of the
gods,” which Hercules, by his enduring courage, xaréoxer,
70 THE HERCULES FURENS OF EURIPIDES.

continuit, prereion from falling, by bearing it on his own
shoulders,

410. €Ba. See on v. 395.

412. dM\oas (Nig), Hesych. guvabpoloas, gurayaydy.—
aryopor, ‘ company’; cf. Iph. T. 1096, wofodc ‘ENNdvwr dyo-
povs. Apollodor. 11. 5, 9, TapalaBiw éfehorris upd ous.

414. @pdpos seems corrupt, Perhaps mém\ov xpuaedaTo-
Nov péra, as Alc. 483, Opykos Térpwpor dpua Aourndous péra.
For the quantity of the word see inf. 642.

417. ogdgerar. Perhaps the girdle of Hippolyte was
shown at Mycenae in the poet's time. Apollodor., ut sup.,
kouloas 6& Tov woTipa els Mukipas, éwker Eipuglel. The
capture of it is called ‘fatal’ because it led to the famous
contest between Hercules and the Amazons, which is de-
picted (with written names) on an early Greek vase in the
Leake collection in the Cambridge Museum.

422. dugéBalle, ‘ he put it (i.e. the poison of it) on the
arrows with which he slew Geryon.'— Egufetas, said to be
Cadiz. The ‘red’ west, like the ‘red sea’ (mare Erythrae-
um) to the east, is the sea coloured by the rising and setting
sun. ‘Quos Aurora suis rubra colorat aquis (equis).
Propert.

425. dyd para. This seems hardly the right word. We
might expect af\juar, but that the initial a is long. See
inf, 1276.

430. Here (as remarked on 348) the fpnros or al\wor
commences.

432. émwwéver. The bark of Charon is waiting to con-
vey the children of Hercules impiously and unjustly con-
demned to death by Lycus.

434. gas xépas. The addition of ob wapérros shows that
Hercules, not Amphitryon, is meant.

436. #Bwr. ‘Had I but been young in strength, and
been brandishing the spear in fight, and with me the rest
of the Cadmeans of the same age, I would have stood by
the children in the contest.’

444. Either the clause d4mwore maidas or 70 mplv “Hpa-
k\éovs seems interpolated. Ior é7jmore and 70 mplv are
tautology.

446. mogiv. The children, who walk in step with
Megara, are compared to a trace-horse which keeps step
with those under the yoke.—é\kovsar, because they are
dragged by the hand. See 631.—yepawr (pronounced
yepeov), refers to éoopd.

450. Construe wyyas dakpiwr (dn’) Soowr. The double
genitive is like kapdias kK\vddwior xoljs, Aesch. Cho. 175.

451—513. Amphitryo and Megara, now attired be-
comingly to the occasion, resign themselves to their fate,
the latter with pathetic regrets for the disappointment of
NOTES. 71

the children’s hopes, when they are startled by the sudden
return of Hercules.

452. Something is wrong in this distich. In the first
place, cpayeds is not ‘a butcher,” but ¢a butcher’s knife.’
Secondly, it is not good Greek to say 7 rd\awa 1 éuy Yuxih.
This should be either 7 éun TdAawa Yuxy Or 1) Tdhawa Yuxn
7 un. Thirdly, Yuxns goveds is a very strange phrase. It
was enough to ask Tis iepevs, Tis povevs Tw duomdTuwy, i.e.
NUWY.

453. &rouyua, viz. as being now dressed in the garb of
death. This was not mourning, but their finest clothes.
See Alcest. 161.

~ 454. {elyos. This term includes four horses driven
abreast, an arrangement commonly seen on vase-paintings.

460. ékmaleww has nearly the sense of ékm\jocew, and
is poetically used for éyevoar. H. and G. compare Plat.
Phaedr. p. 228, éxxékpovkds ue éNmidos, & SdkpaTes.

462. oof. There were three sons (inf. 474, 995), and
to each of them Hercules used to promise a sovereignty,
Argos, Thebes, Oechalia. The imperfect tenses employed
throughout well convey the notion of intention.

464. IIehacyias. An old name of Argolis. Orest. 960,
kardpyopar oTevaypuov, @ lleNacyia.

466. gmep. ‘The very one with which,’ &e.

468. &ykAppa. ‘Possessing my broad lands which I
had inherited from Creon.” Iph. TI. 652, &yx\npov ds 8%
TY KAoLYYOTIY Yaudy.

469. Either é&émeifes must be read for éférefe, or
(with Heath and Nauck) pe for ge. ‘As you (the second
son) used to persuade your father (to do),” or ‘as Hercules
used to persuade my father Creon.’

471. daidador, ¢ well-made,” a mere poetic epithet. Cf.
Lumen. 605, év § drépuove kbmwrer medijoas’ dvipa GarddAe
mémAp. Thus Yevdy Goo means ‘a sham gift,’ viz. one
made in sport. As the eldest son was to have Argos to-
gether with the lion’s skin, so the second son was to have
Thebes with the club. The common reading, AatddAov
Yevd7 86ow, leaves yevdn unexplained. For kafiévar, here
implying the letting down of the club into the child’s grasp,
see inf. 993.

475, ér dvdplg, ‘proud of your manly bearing,’ i.e.
the promise of it, as children. Nauck and others give
evavdpig with Elmsley, the usual Attic form being dvdpela.

476. The selection of objects for oneself from a prize-
store—the ¢ pick of the heap ’—is here applied to a mother’s
choice of brides for her sons.

477. Kirchhoff appears to be right in reading guvdrrovs’.
For, unless with ws prefixed, the future participle is nearly
confined fo verbs of motion. See on v. 1351.
72 THE HERCULES FURENS OF EURIPIDES.

478. «kdAys, ‘with cables,” a rather unusual dative
plural. Cf. sup. 35, «fidos eis Kpéorr’ dvmupuévor. Med. 770,
ek ToDO’ dvayduesla mTpupuvhTNY KdAwy.

482. The conjecture of Bothe, Novrpa dvorivors ¢épew,
is ingenious. :

483. warp 6¢. ‘But now your grandfather here is
preparing for you the marriage feast, accepting Hades as
a father-in-law for you, a grievous alliance.” The poet may
have intended (as in Bacch. 367) a play on wévfos. It
would seem that the Kfjpes (481) are here regarded as the
daughters of Death. For this use of vouifew cf. Aesch. Cho.
93, kowov yap €xfos év Souois voulifouer, ‘we entertain a
common hatred.’

487. w&s dv k.r.\. “Would that, like the buzzing bee,
I could collect the sighs from you all, and bringing them
into one, could shed them together in a single tear-drop.’
A beautiful metaphor. The repetition of 7veyxa and Frey-
kov (both forms being equally in use) seems intentional.
Utinam colligere possem et collectas referre, de.

490. Nauck gives el Tis ¢pfdyyos elcakoverat, si qua vox
auditur, and this seems the true reading.

495. Tor dls it seems most probable that we should
read wol\ofs, by a very slicht change. ¢You would prove
a match for many (Lycus and his body-guards), for they
are but cowards.’ Nauck adopts d\kap from Reiske, the
MS. reading being ikavov, corrected by Hermann. We
might also read d\is yap éNOelv ikavor dv yévorré ce, * your
mere coming would scare them.’

501. katror km \. Cf. Troad. 1280, i® Geol, kal Ti Tods
Oeovs kal&; kal mplv yap odk Wrovoar dvaxahovuevor. Hel,
1447, kéxAno0é pot, Geol, moN\&, xpnaT’ nod K\Veww kava.

504. Omws. If the future be retained, supply ckomeire,
‘see that ye get through it in the best way.” If we read
duamepdoare, then émws 7joiora is quam iucundissime. (The
use of uz is correct, from the implied notion of purpose
and intention.)

507. 70 & avrod. ‘It attends to its own business, and
then flits away.” Perhaps v. 510, domep mTepdv wpos alfép’
should follow here, as the syntax, in its present position,
is obscure. Hartung proposed @omep mrepots.

509. dgelhero. It is best to supply, from what follows,
Tov E\Bov Tov péyav tiv Te 86iav. We should expect kal
NéNoumey 7) TUX Gomwep TTEPOY K.T.\.

513. &. ‘Hah!’ An exclamation of surprise at the
sudden approach of Hercules. It is well remarked by H.
and G. that v. 615, which indicates that Hercules has
taken the dog Cerberus to Hermione, is against the theory
that he now appears on the stage by the ascent called
Xapwriow kNpakes. See also v. 598,
 
   
    

  

NOTES.

515. dgpacia. He appears to
of resignation at 513, so that here, a
self at 585, he holds no more converse.

516. ~y7s véplev, supply vra. Yet it scems strange to
speak of this adventure (cf. 23) as a mere report. Perhaps
ds vis véplev eloficove vv, ‘ who heard our call on him for
aid even in the world below.” See however inf. 551.

517. dvewpor év ¢pder. Compare dvap nuepépavrov, 4 gam.
82. This verse is given in the copies to Megara, and
perhaps rightly. The sense would then be, ¢ unless indeed
I see a day-dream. What say I? They are no dreams
that I see in my anxiety for him; it is a reality.” The
change was made by Kirchhoff, whom Nauck follows.
Obviously, both she and Amphitryo should not ask if it is
a mere vision.—«npatvew, as if from réap, ¢ to take to heart,’
bears another sense, as from «np, ¢ fate,” viz. ¢ to destroy,’
Aesch. Eum. 124.

522. Auws owrijpos. Viz. at whose altar they had taken
asylum, v. 48.

525. mpo dwudrwy. Hence the asylum of the altar was
close to the house ; cf. 107.

526. éfeorepuéva. The word occurs in Oed. Tyr. 3,
with the same sense, the wearing some appendage attached
as a orégpos. The kéouos mentioned in 334 included a
covering for the head and face.

527. év dvdpwv. Greek matrons seldom appeared in
public among men.

528. ouungopas Tivas ; Nauck. This would mean, ‘and
I wonder what he is weeping for.” With the genitive we
Tay TEs xdpw, ‘weeping for something that has hap-
pened.’

530. ~uvar. Hercules approaches the group, and ad-
dresses his wife. As she gives no explicit answer, he turns
to Amphitryo, on which Megara replies to the question put
to him. There is no difficulty in the passage, and Elmsley’s
alteration, adopted by Nauck, 7( kawdr J\0e Tolode ddpaoy
xpéos ; with the assigning 531—2 to Amphitryo, is quite
needless. It does not appear that he, though present, makes
a third interlocutor. That is why Megara replies to the
appeal to him in v. 533.

537. 7a éud. ‘Besides, the children about to die are
my children (not his),” &e

541. o khewbs. See sup. 38. Nauck has 6 kawds, but
there seems an ironical allusion to the preceding verse. Cf.
v. 61. By the next question, whois dravrG, ‘confronting
him face to face, with shield and spear,” Hercules shows
that he does not ¢ take’ the irony.

546. Ti ¢ps; ‘My children? What had he to fear from
them if (as he supposed) they had lost their father?’

UNIVERSITY

& Almicinto. a stupor
iil he rouses him.

oo

 

 
74 THE HERCULES FURENS OF EURIPIDES.

549. évnupeda, Nauck. ‘The wrappings we are now
wearing are the garb of death.’

551. nkolouer. See on 516. It seems that during the
absence of Hercules ‘“ a report began to prevail of the death
of Heracles, and this rumour was diligently spread by
Eurystheus” (H. and G., Introd. p. vi.).

555. ékmesdv. She means, that violence was used in
turning an old man out of his bed. o

557. If the text is right, 7700e 77s feod must mean Bias,
‘mercy and force dwell far apart.” Nauck’s reading aida ye ;
amower (Adkos) does not seem right. If aldds was written,
ve is not wanted. Probably aidois was a gloss over feof,
and has crept in for kai pny or kelwds 4 dmwotkel k.7.\.

558. ovrw §é. “And had we such a want of friends in
our absence from home?’

560. Muwvdr. See 50 and 220. ‘Did the Thebans re-
ject with contempt the services I had rendered them in
fighting with the Minyae?’

571. ‘Tor the omission of rods uév ef. 636, &xovaw, of &
of.” H.and G.

576. wary ydp. ‘It was no use in performing them,
when these labours, the rescue of my family, were so much
more needed.” If thisline be omitted, as Herwerden suggests,
the kal in the next is out of place: we should expect det ydp.

581. ékmovijow. See on 309. Ion 375, el Tols feats
dkovras éxmovnaouer ¢phfew & un Glove, i.e. ‘if we force
them out of their desire to conceal our fate.” In another
sense he might have said oik éxmoviow cwrnplay;

582. oo kad\ivikos. The article is often used with the
predicate after verbs of naming, as Orest. 1140, 6 unrpogérrys
8’ ov ka\el, Tal KTAvy.

585. mpos gol wév—dA\a. ‘Itis your duty, of course, to
protect your friends, but do not be in a hurry,’ i.e. act in
rash haste. Cf. Heracl. 682, fjkiora mpos gov pdpov qv eimew
émos. Med. 1133, dA\& un amépxov, ¢ilos.

594. éx0pods abdpoicas. Bringing a troop of enemies
(friends of Liycus) upon you.

595. puéew uév. Personally, he does not fear; still, in
obedience to omens, he purposely returned in privacy. See
on 513.

599. Nauck places a colon at ka\@s. But it very well
applies to mpéoetre. So in Agam. 844, Geos wpogewely el
wapackeva{ouar. On the other hand, feols wpogeurely is used
alone inf. 609, 4gam. 784, and the caesura favours the con-
struing of 0 rapaskevafouar in the former passage.

605. wplv—mpiv. H. and G. compare Thue. 11. 65, ov
mpoTepoy émaloavTo—mply avTdy é{mutwoav.

608. olk arudow. I will not slight your warning,—
will not reject your request. So with an infinitive Soph.
NOTES. 75

Oed. Col. 49, un wp dryudays Towdrd dNjTYY TAY d dnAoduew
ppavat.

613. mirixnoa. The being initiated was supposed to
confer special privileges in the other world. See Bacch. 73
—>5. Ran. 156. Hercules had been made one of the pivorac
before his descent, Apollodor. 11. 5,12. The primitive notion
was, that such persons alone were privileged to see what be-
came of the sun-god in his descent below the horizon, and
before he came up again in the east. Thus they could
enjoy his light and his warmth in Elysium.

615. Hermion or Hermione, near Troezen, was famed
for a sacred grove to Demeter Chthonia, and for a ravine
through which Hercules was supposed to have dragged up
Cerberus, Pausan. 11. 34, § 10, and 35, § 3.

617. oik older. ‘He does not know it (I did not tell
him), in order that,” &e. So Matthiae for ovk older: éAfuww
k.7.\., which is clearly wrong.

620. «kal mob 'oTw, as usual, implies some incredulity.
The Athenian (Ionian) sun-god Theseus is brought up from
the under world by the Semitic sun-god, and returns to his
native city.

628. wrepwrds. Ihave neither the means nor the desire,
the wings nor the will, to leave my friends.

630.  éml £vpot. To step on a razor’s edge was prover-
bial ; Aesch. Cho. 869, owe viv airys éml fupol mélas avymy
weoetobad.

631. NaBuv. ‘Taking these children (the three sons)
as boats to be towed by hand.” Androm. 200, raidas—éuavry
7’ dONav épolkida. Inf. 1424

637. Hercules has entered the house with the secret
determination of killing Lycus. In a fine ode, in the gly-
conic metre, the chorus, speaking by its leader the senti-
ments of the poet himself, expatiates on the burden of
approaching old age, which Sophocles also laments in the
well known chorus, Oed. Col. 1211. Hence it is inferred
this is among the later plays of Euripides.

639. Alrvas. The mountain was said to be laid on the
giant Typhoeus, degravat Aetna caput. Cicero refers to this
passage, De Sen. cap. 2, quae (senectus) plerisque senibus sic
odiosa est ut onus se Aetna gravius dicant sustinere.

642. ¢apos. Nauck and others read ¢dos, which would
mean ‘covering over the light of my eyes so as to become
dark.” Bub kaXimrew Tu is properly ¢ to put something over
as a veil,’ as Ton 1522, wepica iar ToloL mpdyuadt akérov.
Iph. T. 312, wém\wv Te mwpovkdAvmrer evmrvovs Ugds. The a
in ¢dpos appears to be common. It is clearly short in El.
543, but long ibid. 317. See sup. 414.

646. tas Bas. The article means ‘that much-desired
youth,’ like a vedras in 637, ¢ xpucds in 774.
76 THE HERCULES FURENS OF EURIPIDES.

649. @owor is a strange epithet to y7pas but no satis-
factory correction has been proposed. We can only suppose
that Age is regarded as the ruthless destroyer of Life.

650. kara kupdrwr, ‘beneath the waves” (H. and G.).
Compare Alcest. 618, kara xfords irw. Inf. 1158, kard
X0ovos mold.

653. kar’ alfépa, like kar’ olpov, means ‘in the regions
of upper air,” as far removed as possible from our earth.
There may be an allusion to the Anaxagorean doctrine of a
Sym, the notion of the whole heaven round and round.

655. kar’ dvdpas, ‘according to the standard of human
wisdom.” For what is wisdom to the gods does not always
seem so to man. The subject to égpepor may be either dvdpes
or feol, for ¢épew is not uncommon in the medial sense.
“The subject is suggested by the return of Hercules from
Hades.” (H. and G.) Compare Suppl. 1080, oluoc* Ti 87
Bpotolaw ovk ExT TOdE, véous bis elvar kal yépovTas al maw;
—xapakTipa, as a mark or impress of virtue (or valour)
visible to all, in such as possess it; while the ignoble would
have had only one life (663). The meaning is, that if any
one were known to be enjoying a second youth, it would
be understood by all as a reward for former valour. The
chorus intimate that if they could but be young again, they
would show their prowess in the cause of Hercules.

662. dwaddovs. Life, from infancy to youth upwards,
and from youth to old age downwards, is compared to the
double course of the stadium, by a very frequent metaphor,
as in kduyar Blov TéNos, Hipp. 87.

665. It would be better to read kal 7458 dv 7Tols Te
Kakovs Nv K.T.\.

672. molto uévor. ‘As it is, time, that goes in a
Lind of cycle, does not bring more valour, alas! but only
more wealth. —7is alwr, as sup. 847, dualis Tis el Oeds.
Agam. 55, Umwaros & diwy # Tis ’Amé\\wr 9 Ildr, ‘some god
on high, an Apollo it may be, or a Pan.’

673. o0 waloouar, ‘and yet, old as I am and unable to
fight, I will not cease to combine poetry with the refined
pleasures of life’ (the Graces with the Muses). As a poet,
the author seems to say that he is not yet too old to com-
pose dramas. To the tragic prizes, perhaps, é sregdvoiow
elpp refers. Compare evar év Moboacs del, Hipp. 452. The
leader of the chorus however speaks of himself as a bard
ginging the exploits of heroes at a banquet.

684. AlBuv. Cf. Alcest. 346, oir’ dv ¢ppéy’ éfalpoiue pds
AiBur Nakelv aor, a flute made from a tree called the lotus.

685. ovmw, ‘not yet will we lay down the strains that
have given me the dance.” The exarch, we may presume,
in a cyclic dance, was said karamratoar when he stopped the
music which had made the people move round. We have
NOTES. 77

xopelerv used transitively inf. 871 and elsewhere. The
poet alludes to the setting the choral odes to flute-music,
pueNomouta.

687—91. ¢As the Delian maidens sing Apollo at the -
temple gates, so I, old as I am, will sing of Hercules at the
door of his own home.” Hermann proposed dugpimoloy,
Nauck, after Kirchhoff, reads du¢l mvpds, but there is no
good ground for altering the text. The temple-gates are
compared to the doors of the palace; the position of the
paean-singers is the same.

689. evmawda, here much the same as edyers;. Iph. T.
1234, elimais 6 Aarols yovos.

694. 70 yap eb, ‘for there is a good subject for my
strain.’ (Lit. ‘that which is well is supplied to my strains.’)
The full sense seems to be 76 el gor mpaxfév. Nauck, pla-
cing a comma at vrdpyet, regards ¢ mals Aws as the theme
of the song, in apposition to 70 ej. But it is better to
make this a new clause: ‘of Zeus (not of Amphitryo) he is
the son; but highly born as he is, his valour surpasses his
birth.’ If the text is right, elyevias is the genitive after
vrepBaNAwy, as in Prom. 994, Bporrijs vrepBd\\ovTa kaprepoy
ktvmor. Nauck however reads 70 8 evyevias k\éos. The
word dpera’s (dperg Nauck) was added by Tyrwhitt.

Tov drxvuov. ‘He established (brought about) the
tranquil life which men now enjoy.” Perhaps the word is
corrupt; dxvpmos does not elsewhere occur, and we want a
predicate without the article.

701. Lycus, coming up with his body-guards, meets
Amphitryo issuing from the palace (the central door), which
he appears to have entered at v. 622. All had gone in, and
the stage was vacant while the choral ode was sung. Lyecus,
who knows nothing of the return of Hercules, supposes the
permission given at 333 had been acted on. For 8apos
xpbvos = uaxpos, cf. Aesch. Suppl. 510, dAN’ ovxi Sapiv xpbvov
épnuae marpos (MS. warrp).—kooueiofe means, ‘it is long
since you have been engaged in adorning yourselves.” ‘The
following short scene is a good example of the irony of
Turipides, i.e. a form of dialogue in which the words of one
of the speakers admit of a double meaning and are intended
to convey a false impression” (H. and G.).

706. 颒 ols k.7.\., ‘on your own terms and conditions,
voluntarily made.” See 316 seqq.

708. éml, ‘when my own son is dead.” Literally,
‘over and above,” “after,” rather than (H. and G.) ‘in the
matter of my dead son.” Cf. Iph. T. 680, ¢oveboas él
vooovat duact. Inf, 940,

709. @&, ‘in matters in respect of which,’ &c. The
accusative may depend, by a very common idiom, on the
implied sense of ocmovdd few.
78 THE HERCULES FURENS.OF EURIPIDES.

716. avéyyra. See on 61. ‘Ah! it is of no use for her
to pray (the gods) to save her life.’ It seems that she had
appealed to the protection of Zeds cwrip, v. 48, to whom
there is an allusion in ékocdoac.

718. o08¢ un mwoAy. ‘Nor is there a chance of his ever
returning.’

719. The meaning of the optative aorist is perhaps
purposely ambiguous. It might signify, ‘should have
(already) restored’ as well as ¢ should restore him.’ :

721. péroxos. Amphitryo excuses himself in order, of
course, that Liycus may enter the house and meet his fate.

723. Odeypdrwv. Observe the irony here; in fact, Liycus
has everything to fear. But he means, ‘we who have not
your fear,” 721.

725. oxoly movwy is the delay of the work (Lycus does
not care to say ¢drvov) which has long been in hand, but
which has been postponed from various causes. This delay
he now proposes to bring to an end, New. Cf. Oed. Tyr.
1285, vir 8’ é0’ 6 TAHuwy év Tire oxoNy kako; (The reading
of Canter, adopted by Nauck and others, Aevoowuer, is very
weak.

if ov 8 ovr. ‘Then go you,” i.e. if I stand aloof.
Cf. Rhes. 868, gv § ov véuiie avr’, émeimep gol dokel. This
is said out of hearing, and as Lycus is turning away to
enter the house.

729. Bpoxois 8’ év, Hermann for Bpéxowse §. Compare
sup. 527, dx\p 7 é& avdpdv. Qther conjectures have been
proposed, dedrjcerar, évioerar, kekAjoerar, NeAjyerar. This
passage resembles the scene in Soph. El. fin.

732. ¥xe, in the sense of mapéxer, is not uncommon,
when a matter is viewed rather subjectively than objec-
tively.—6vnokwr, ‘in the act of dying.’

735. 0 wpbabe, i.e. o wpbobe uéyas (H. and G.).

736. wd\w. The contrary route to that just taken by
Hercules, from Hades. Or the sense may be, that after
prosperity the tyrant is taking the back course of the
diavhos. Cf. Soph. El. 725, ék § vmoorpogis, TeNolrTes €kTow
&BSouor T’ 107 Opbuov.

740. xpéve pév. Asif aN’ Suws had followed.

747. ~epawol. So Kirchhoff for yepad. It is likely
that the iambic distich, here and inf. 755—6, perhaps also
the three senarii 759—61, are spoken by the #yenar, the
interposed dochmiac verses being the excited utterances
of separate choreutae.—okorduer, they approach the palace,
of which, perhaps, the central door is open. There is a
similar stage contrivance inf. 1030, and apparently also at
867, where Hercules is seen making wild gestures inside
the house.

749. id po. The exclamation is heard from within, as
NOTES. 79

in the murder of Agamemnon in that play, and Aegisthus
in Choeph. 854.

755. 6dovs ye. The ye means, ‘since what you are
suffering is but what you deserve.” Cf. 770.

757. The doctrine here propounded has been compared
with the latest views of the poet in the Bacchae, v. 882, seqq.
—rxatéBake, ‘laid down a foolish argument about the gods.’
Pflugk well compares Herod. 1. 122, oi 8¢ Tokées karéBalov
¢drw os k.7.\. The same metaphor from a foundation
explains Ar. Eth. 1, wool Aéyor karaBéBAprrar. Inf. 1261,
Srav 6¢ kpmmis pi) kaTaB\n0y yévovs ops, k.T.\.

763. The stage being vacant, the chorus sing an ode,
the theme of which is mainly the retribution which over-
takes the wicked. It is a kind of émwikwy on the victory
just gained, and partakes of the character of a hymn of
ecstatic joy, like that in Soph. Trach. 205.

O©7Bas. If the reading is right, and not rather 6+Baus,
it seems to be the genitive singular, the name of the pre-
siding deity Thebé.

766. Either &rexor should here be repeated, or d&duxor
omitted, with Hermann, in 776.

770. The ve is not here in accordance with tragic use.
Perhaps Aureiv Te, ‘and we had not ventured to hope that
he would ever leave the port on the Acheron.” The 8&¢
in the next verse was inserted by Hermann; but Nauck
rejects it.

773. péhovar. The personal use of the active is rare, =
pwéhovrar. So in Agam. 361, ook Epa Tis Geods BpoTdy déobahac
wéhew. Madvig’s correction @éhovae is not improbable.

774. 0 xpuods. ‘It is that gold and that (much-coveted)
prosperity that,” &e. See on v. 646, Ton 629, elmrois dv, ws ©
xpvoos éxvikg Tdde.—éEdyerar ‘takes them away from their
senses, and draws them to itself.” Both dyew and its com-
pounds have a tendency in Attic to take medial forms.—
épékwr, ‘bringing with it,’ a metaphor from a car, and its
reckless career in a chariot-race, to which the whole passage
refers. Cf. Ion 1149, "H\wos épénkwy Naumpdv ‘Eamépov ¢pdos.

777. xpbvov 76 wdlw, ‘the reverse which time may
bring,’ ueraBo\iy TUxns.—mapéuevos, ‘neglecting law in order
to gratify lawlessness,” and allowing law to pass by him
without heeding it. Nauck and others take this as a new
sentence without a copulative particle, as sup. 771. Her-
mann inserts 6¢ in the next line. If we read elres for otis
in 777, the reference may be to a charioteer looking behind
him. He may be said to be ‘racing against law,’ and to
outstrip law (leave law in the lurch, as it were). In this
case, mapépevos would mean, ‘having let the law get past
him’; but the uncertainty of the metaphor makes the
precise sense very obscure.
80 THE HERCULES FURENS OF EURIPIDES.

786—9. Construe Bare ayava, i.e. vikgw dydvos.

790. IIvfiov the MSS. If this is right, ‘the abode of
Apollo’ is meant. Cf. Ton 285, Tug ope Ivbios dorparal Te
11660 ;—dberdpdre, so called from its bay-trees.

792. néer’. Bothe reads 7yelr’, ‘celebrate in loud
strains.’

796. perauelBe, ‘supplies a succession to.” Cf. v. 7,
ol Kdduov wo w Tekvolol waidwy raioiv.

801. IIepgnidos. Alemene the granddaughter of Perseus,
and daughter of Electryon, sup. 3.—For kal Nauck reads
ws, after Musgrave. These two words seem to have been
interchanged, sup. 291.—ovk ér’ é\wid:, ‘not as I had ex-
pected.” ¢‘The chorus had hinted a doubt as to the
parentage of Heraclesin 353” (H. and G.).

809. «kpeloowr, k.7.\. ‘Thou art better as a ruler in my
eyes than that low-bred king (Lycus) who now shows, for
all to behold it, in the contest of the sword-bearing struggle,
whether or not justiceis still pleasing to the gods.” Perhaps
we should read «al viv ésopar ¢aives. H. and G. think that
at these words the spectre of Liyssa is seen.

815. &a. Cf. 514. The chorus suddenly see two strange
figures hovering over the stage, and descending upon it in
an aerial car (cf. 880). The contrast between the bright
robes of the celestial messenger and the sable garb of the
demon who calls herself a daughter of Night would impart
mixed grandeur and horror to the scene.—ror avrov, ‘the
same as before,’ i. e. we are no sooner rid of one fear than
we are met by another. Or perhaps the Hegemon asks the
chorus whether they all share in his fear, i.e. if it is a
vision seen only by himself. —mirvlor, any sudden fit or
attack is so called. Cf. inf. 1189; Iph. T. 307, wirver Cé
pavias wiTvhov 0 Eévos pebels.

819. The Acolicism wedalpew (ueralpew) occurs inf. 872;
Phoen. 1027, and weddopor=pueréwpor Aesch. Cho. 581.—
vwhés, ‘sluggish though it be through age.’

824—5. mwéNee—évés. These words are sometimes con-
trasted; cf. Antig. 737, wé\is yap odk E58’ Hris wdpds él’
évos. Iris identifies herself (832, 841) with the cause of
Hera. In the solar sense, it is a conspiracy of the powers
of air against the sun, and the powers of darkness are the
agents employed by them. .

831. rowdr alpa. ‘The guilt of shedding kindred blood,’
which he is induced to do by mistaking the identity of his
own sons, inf. 970.

835. én’ dwlpt. “For é\avve ém’ dvdpa Tévde Gore én’
avr evar.” (H. and G.)

837. étler. Cf. Med. 278, éxBpol yap ékdo wavTa 39 kdAwr.

840. ~rova: is to know a fact by experience, uafelv to
learn by information given.
NOTES. 81

843. elyevols. It is mot clear whether this applies
to both parents, or evyevovs warpos Ovparoi alone is meant.
Most editions have a comma at mégpuvka.

845. Here also there is some ambiguity between ‘I
hold these prerogatives, not to use them in anger against
my friends’ (she regards Hercules as one of these), and ‘my
office is not to be angry with friends,’ —which should rather
be pn dyacOyvar. The verb is used in the epic sense,
as Il. xviL 71, el uy ol aydooaro Poifos ’AméN\wr. She adds,
that she has no pleasure either in inciting to deeds of
blood; she performs her task by necessity, 859.—¢dvous,
for ¢ilovs, is Hermann’s conjecture.

- 850. As 8s ve properly means quippe qui, we should
here read ov pu émewméumers. Compare émewgéppnoe, inf.
1267.

853. dwoolwr avdpdv. Viz. the pirates, who burn and
destroy houses and temples indiscriminately.

856. A@ov, Nauek, in melius. The notion of Madness
giving a lecture on good sense is treated with contempt by
Iris. Lyssa then proceeds to act, but under protest.

858. Op@oa. For the singular participle following a
plural verb, see inf. 1207. Ion 1250, Iph. T'. 578.

860. Nauck says of this verse ‘‘graviter corruptus.”
This may be doubted, for no plausible correction has
ever been made. Retaining émeppolBdnv, ¢ with a rushing
(rustling) sound,” which is compared to that of a pack
of hounds, we may translate, ‘and go with you on the
instant as hounds with the hunter.” Any noise made by
flapping wings or by the confused tread of many animals is
80 expressed, and émippoBoely may include the hunter’s
cry, émoifew, émilfwigoew. Cf. Od. 1x. 315, moA\7) 6¢ polly
pos dpos Tpéme wlova ugha. Aesch. Eum. 382, mreplv drep
pouBdoioa kbAmov alyidos. Ibid. 402, 7 kal ToavTas 738 émep-
poiels guyds; The adverb is used like khayynoov in Il. 11.
463, used of birds alighting with noisy cries. The termina-
tion is like pdr and «pvBonr.

861. eful v. The ~e seems wrong; probably the
clause was inserted from not seeing that the true apodosis
i8, olire wéyros éoriv oiTw NdBpos aTévwy (=6Tav aTévy) Kiua-
aw, ola éyw orddia Spapobpar. Perhaps, olire wévros éoriv
olirw k.T.\.—oloTpos, ‘the whizz of the thunderbolt, breath-
ing death and pain.’

867. 7 idov. From this it is clear that Hercules could
be seen inside through the open door.—BaABidwr, ‘from
the starting-post,’ i.e. as a commencement of his madness ;
cf. Ar. Vesp. 548, Med. 1245.

869. ocweppovi{er. The panting and hard breathing is
compared to the snorting noise made by a bull about to
toss. It is hard to see how the verb can here be transitive,

HER, 6
82 THE HERCULES FURENS OF EURIPIDES.

‘to make sober.” Aeschylus has cecwppovicuévws and
cugporicpara, Aesch. Suppl. 704, 969. ¢ He draws not his
breath soberly” (H. and G.).

871. karavNjow. The verb meant (like kargdew) to
charm, sooth, or assuage by music; here, ‘to enthral and
bring over to the speaker’s views.” We may suppose that
the notes of a flute are heard, playing a loud orgiastic
strain. See inf. 895, ddior T6de wélos éravieirar. Accord-
ing to this view the MS. reading évailows, ‘under the in-
fluence of the flute,” may be retained in 879.

872. Od\vumror. Pronounced ”ONvumor, probably. See
Troad. 215. At these words Iris leaves the stage, and is
drawn aloft. The chorus, in mixed dochmiac and iambic
verses, express in rapid and excited tones their conviction
that evil is at hand, and that Thebes is about to suffer a
loss.

874. orévator. Addressed to Hellas, inf.

876. Nauck has mé\eos, with Flor. 2. If wéAes is not
‘used for the vocative, cov must refer to “Ex\as following,
and it is likely that Tov Aus €yovor should be read, the
city (Thebes) is being shorn of one who is thy glory, even
the offspring of Zeus.” Cf. Hee. 910, amo 8¢ orepdvar kékap-
gar mipywr.

878. dvailas. So Tyrwhitt ; see on 871. Doleful
strains are often described as dyopot, duovaor, d\vpot, &c.

879. év dlgpposw. If is difficult to explain this away;
possibly (like Athena in Ewmen. 383) both Iris and Lyssa
were made to descend in some kind of aerial car; and the
latter is now seen furiously driving yoked serpents. It was
on such a car (éml dpuaros dpakdrTwy wrepwrer) that Medea
escaped from Jason (1321). Here Lyssa seems to be at-
tired as an Erinys, in black robes, her mission being as
for harm,’ 882.

883. laynfuast. In apposition with dpuase. The sense
is, ‘she goads the hissing serpents with many heads.’
Nauck calls this word suspectum,” but with little reason.
— papuapwmos, ‘with gleaming face,” i.e. wearing some
kind of painted mask.

885—6. Taxd k.7.\. ‘Soon has fortune wrought a
change in one that was just now called happy, and soon
will children expire by the hands of a father.’

888. amowddikol, ‘exacting penalties in satisfaction for
wrong.” The murder of Lycus seems to be meant, though
according to Greek ideas it was quite justifiable. —duoBp@res
(Tro. 436), because maniacs rend, tear, and bite.—éxmerd-
govow, which Nauck considers corrupt, seems to stand for
ékrevoioe, ‘will lay him low’ (Hipp. 626). Similarly in
Cycl. 497, éml ad éxmeracfels, ‘stretched out at full
length for a spree’ (as we say).
NOTES. 83

890. kardpxeras, viz. Avgoa: Cf. Orest. 960, kardpxo-
pot arevayuov, & lehagyla.—xdpevua, see inf. 978. rvumrdvwy
drep. Here again (see 871) the sound of a flute is heard.
not however accompanied, as in the worship of Cybele and
Dionysus, with the tambourine.

891. «kexapwouéva. Used adverbially, as khewd v. 61,
Tpouepd Vv. 113.

893. wpos aluara, supply dor, éyeipov, or Tapakaloiy.

894. éml xetpact. “On the out-pour of the libation of
the grape in honour of the wine-god.’

895. ddiov 71éde, This strain which is being played
at (against) you is a hostile one (very different from the
Bacchic).” During the recitation of these verses the terrible
tragedy is being enacted within. Thus uwyudr in 898
refers to the chasing of one of the boys round the central
pillar, v. 977, and guuwirrer oréyn in 905 to the pulling
down of the doors in 999. Probably corresponding sounds
are heard by the spectators without, who would thus be
prepared for the narrative of the messenger.

899. otimor’ dkpavra k.t.\. There is sure to be some
mischief (some purpose) in the ravings of Lyssa.

908. ds én ’Eykenddy, as if in the battle with the
giants. See Ion 209.

909. A messenger arrives, and addresses the aged
chorus in loud tones implying‘that help is needed (Bod»).

912. pdvrw. ‘I do not require any one beside myself
to tell me that’ (H. and G.). Cf. Rhes. 949, copay &
&\\ov ov émdEouat.

917. Nauck would omit w&s mwaisl. If genuine, the
words can only mean, ‘In what manner have you to show
that the fatal deed was done by the father against his
children?’ As the children were killed, we cannot construe
wail oTevakTav, liberis dolendam.

921. 7Uxas, viz. Méye. Nauck reads 7vyat, a needless
change.

922. lepd. All preparations for a sacrifice, as victims,
vessels, lustral water, &ec., are included in this term. The
house had been defiled by murder, and perhaps by the
impiety of throwing out an unburied corpse.

925. xopds—elorire.. The members of the family (in-
cluding, as usual, all the household, v. 927) had taken their
places round the altar (as in a kikheos xopods), the basket
with the sacred meal had been taken round, for sprinkling
the altar, and a religious silence, ed¢nula, was being main-
tained, as Hercules was about to commence the solemn
rite by dipping a lighted brand in the water,—a process sup-
posed, on the old theories of fire-worship, to consecrate the
holy-water for dipping the hands, and so to form a part of
the lustration (inf. 1165). There is a passage precisely

6-2
84 THE HERCULES FURENS OF EURIPIDES.

similar in Ar. Pac. 956, dye 8%, 70 kavoby AaSdv od kal Tr
XépriBa, wepitfe Tov Bwudr Taxéws émdéEia.—pépe 81), TO dalov
700" éuBdyw Nafwv.

930. «kal k.7.\. As there was some delay on the part of
the father, the sons looked at him, and observed that his
features were changed, and his blood-shot eyes seemed
starting out of their sockets.

932. é¢bhapuévos, ¢ distraught,’ © altered for the worse.’ —
év is used to express the plight or condition in which he then
was.

938. xetpds is compared with ads xetpds—oikodot, Prom.
733, and Cycl. 681, worépas 7s xeobs; But these genitives
express direction, and perhaps uwds ék or mas wu’ éx is here
the right reading. The absurd idea, that two murders
might as well be expiated by one ceremony, has taken pos-
session of his mind.

940. émi Tolor. ‘For Eurystheus as well as for Lycus.’
(‘‘In the matter of,” H. and G.) See sup. 708. Here émi
means besides.’

941. éxxelre, viz. as not being wanted at present. He
calls for his bow and his club, and proposes to carry a mat-
tock and crowbar to pull down Mycenae, a threat which he
fancies he is executing, inf. 998.

945. We should read npuocuérny ‘having its Cyclopian
walls (lit. ¢ basement,” blocks,” or ¢ steps,’ like platforms or
terraces) fitted with red line and (squared by) masons’
picks.” In very old masonry lines scoredin some colour
are sometimes found; this seems the xavwr meant. For
wow Nauck, after Scaliger, reads wd\w. Thereis a similar
pleonasm of a secondary accusative in Hel. 3. By cwrrpiat-
vor Le describes the levering up and bringing down in
a general fall. Cf. Bacch. 348, uox\ols Tpialvov kavarpeyoy
éuraw, and T'ro. 814, karévwy 8¢ Tukicuara PolBov—kabendy.

948. drrvya. This means the ring or loop on each
side of the back of the car. In stepping into the car, these
were taken hold of, and the reins were also looped on to
them.—670ev, ‘as if, forsooth, he had really got a goad
in his hand.’

950. durhovs, the double emotion of fear and ridicule.

954. Nioov méAw. He said (in his supposed drive from
Thebes to Mycenae), ‘ now we have got half way to Megara.’
The harbour of this town was called Nisaea, after a legendary
son of Pandion.—dwudrwr elow, ‘though in fact he was
in the interior of his own house.’

956. ws éxel, viz. dv, ‘ as if he were really there.” Nauck,
with Dobree, reads ws &xet, ‘just as he was.” Below, ds
Bpaxtv (so Kirchhoff for els 8.) means ¢ having gone through
In fancy a short time of stay.’

959. The mdpraua, buckled cloak, seems the same as
NOTES. 85

xAauus. This Hercules throws off and ‘wrestles with no-
body’ (with an imaginary adversary), and proclaims himself
victor, ‘commanding nobody’s silence,’ no one being there
to hear him. Nauck says of this, “‘verba viz sana.”

963. ww. Apparently the accusative after feywy, which
elsewhere takes the genitive, and we should rather expect
Aafwr.—xewpds, ¢ by his stalwart hand,’ the genitive of the
part seized.

965. fervoews. ‘How is it that this strangeness of
conduct has come upon you?’ Tin rpéme coi érjAfer airy
7 Evwais; Cf. sup. 919, Oed. Tyr. 99, 7is 6 Tpémos Ths fuu-
gopas 3 Ibid. 10, tive Tpéme kabéorare delcavres ; ‘ how is it
that ye are in this state of fear?’ Some refer éévwos to the
fancied journey and banqueting, v. 956,

967. ww. Counstrue with wet.

977. é&eMlooew, properly to ‘unwind,’ or to disentangle
from a maze (Tro. 3), here expresses the ‘dodging’ of the
boy round the pillar in order to drive him from its shelter.
‘But he in chasing the boy round the pillar and away from
it, with a fearful circuit of his footsteps,” &c. For répevua
plausible corrections are rdprevua and xdpevua, an accusative
in apposition to the sentence (as inf. 992). The former
refers to a circular outline made by a peg and string, rdpros
(Bacch. 1067), the latter to the circling dance round an
Br. Nauck reads mépevua, which seems too weak a
word.

991. ds évros k.7.\. ‘Since the boy stood within bow-
shot,’ i.e. too close to be killed by an arrow.—uiunua, i.e.
pepotpevos pudpokTumor, imitating the action of a smith at
his anvil.—«xab7ke, ‘ let his club fall on the fair-haired head
of his son.” Cf, sup. 471.

994. é\dv. ‘Having thus caught and killed two, he
goes off with the intention of slaughtering (lit. ‘cutting
the throat of’) a third victim over (or besides) the other
two.” In the intention of killing this son with a sword or a
knife (which seems, from Ar. Ran. 564, kai 76 Eidos
égmdro paiverfar dokGv, to have been the tragic tradition),
Hercules was frustrated; but he shot both the wife and the
third son with an arrow, having first used his implements
(914) to knock down the door of the women’s apartment,
which he mistook for the palace of Eurystheus.

1002. GAN’ #\fev. ‘But there came a form (Pallas, as
it seemed to us, to look at Her), brandishing a lance with
helmeted head.” The bronze statue of Athena I popaxos
on the Acropolis, just above the theatre, is clearly al-
Iuded to, and the MS. reading émi Nop réap, which Nauck
calls “verba desperata,” admits of an easy and almost cer-
tain correction.

1005. éoxe, ‘stopped him from his mad career of
86 THE HERCULES FURENS OF EURIPIDES.

slaughter.” Nauck with Kirchhoff reads paydvr éméoye.
Cf. Phoen. 1156, d\N &rxe papy@vr avrov évakiov fed Ilep:-
k\opevos mals. Both oxelv and oxésfar sometimes are fol-
lowed by a genitive = dmooyéobfar.

1009. kpymidwr. Either the base of the pillar itself,
or the low wall or basement of masonry on which a
wooden superstructure was raised in Greek houses. Cf.
1261.
1010. nuets. From this it appears that the messenger
was one of the domestics.—ék dpacudr, from the efforts
we and Amphitryo had made to prevent being caught.

1011. ov 79 vyépovre. Construe with arfmrrouer,—we
tied Hercules fast to the broken pillar with the aid of
Amphitryo.

1017. The interior of the palace is now made visible
(by the eccyclema), and Hercules is seen prostrate, with the
bodies lying round him. The chorus compare other terrible
incidents of murder by relations, but assert that this sur-
passes them all in horror.

Ibid. Exe, viz. Néfar, as inf. 1022. ¢ That murder,
which their own country Argos has to tell of, was once (lit.
then when it occurred) the most renowned and of the noblest
family in Hellas,—that committed by the daughters of
Danaus (on the sons of Aegyptus); but these surpass and
outstrip those horrors of old.” For dpwores a plausible
correction is dmisros (Musgrave), though the two superla-
tives are better in themselves.

1021—4. This passage is in some degree corrupt. The
sense is, ‘I have to speak of (i.e. I know the story of) the
murder inflicted on an unfortunate heaven-bornboy, the only
child of Procne; but you, the father of three children, un-
happy man! slew them all together by a fate brought on
them by your madness.” Nauck omits rd\art, while Kirchhoff
rejects «dp. The words fuvdueror Movoais can hardly be right;
unless, perhaps, a ‘poetical sacrifice’ is thus harshly ex-
pressed. Perhaps, Soyer képov, povorékvov Ilpékvns ~ydvor,
éxw Nfar 0. pn. The word rw, inserted before uolpg, would
complete the dochmiac verse.

1026. For xopor perhaps véuor should be restored.

1030. k\ivera, ‘are being thrown back.” Double doors,
pushed back, form an angle with each other, which is
kNlois, ‘an inclination.” Oed. Tyr. 1261, ék 8¢ mvbuévwr
{k\we kolha kA\pfpa. In both passages k\pfpa seems to
mean ‘the bolted doors,’—a part for the whole. In the
latter, ‘he pushed them out of their perpendicular axis.’

1035—7. The epic pleonasm duel mepl (sup. 243) is
here inverted; ‘round him there are bonds and many-
knotted fastenings of ties on the body of Hercules, attached
here to the stone pillars of the house.’ * Cf. 1012.—«kioow,
NOTES. 87

a dative of place. The MSS. wrongly prefix dugt, omitted
by Elmsley.

1042. Amphitryo, who from infirmity has been the last
to leave the scene, urges the chorus not to disturb Hercules
in his slumber (1014). The dialogue between him and the
chorus (r& dro aks) i is mainly dochmiac, uttered in very
Sioriad tones.—ov olya, briefly put for ol olya &ere kal

doere k.t.\. Cf. Aesch. Theb. 239, ob clya undév Twwd’
eels Kata TTOAW ;

1046. kal 70 k.7.\., ‘and that victorious hero too.’
Apparently, the chorus wish to approach him, but they are
again warned off. Cf. Orest. 140, otya, oly, Aemroy Iyvos
dpBins TifeTe pn kTumElr. dmompd Bar ékeld’, dmompd mot
KolTas.

1049. diavovra is corrupt. Nauck gives 7ov €J 7
lavor®’, but thinks 1047—50 interpolated.

1053. ¢mavréM\er. The gore, shed on the ground, is
said to rise up against the shedder of it. Cf. El. 41, elidovr’
av  é€iyerpe TOV *Ayauéuvoros. povor. Agam. 337, éypnyopds T6
THe TOY ONWASTWY yévor dv. The words are loudly uttered,
and a third time silence is enjoined, ¢ do make your cry of
mourning in a more gentle tone, or he will wake, undo his
bonds, and destroy the whole city and his father too, and
break down the house.” The slight change of % decua (for
un), and Kirchhoff’s reading karapprfe for karapdéy, remove
the difficulty of the syntax un amolel, which is however
defensible. Nauck incloses dro\el mow in brackets.

1059. pdfw. The hortative subjunctive, very seldom
used in the singular without the adjunct ¢épe, as inf. 1070,
1159. See 1110. Amphitryo here stoops over the sleeping
hero, to listen to his breathing.

1070. xpvyw. The subjunctive of the aorist.

1075. aX e «7A. ‘My sole fear is, that he will be
guilty of parricide, and so incur a new pollution of kindred
blood. ? Probably we should read, a\X el pe krevel marépa,
wpos Kakols Be KaKs, unoeral (dochmiac).

1077. pos Epwict, supply Tals viv, rére. © You ought
to have died then when you went (on that expedition
against the Taphii, sup. 60) to avenge for your wife the
slaughter of her brothers.” According to Apollodorus, 11.
4, 6, Alcmena had promised her hand to one who should
have done her the above service.—mepikAvaTor, because the
Taphii and the Teleboae were said to have inhabited a
group of islands off the coast of Acarnania.

1081. Hercules is seen to rise and take his seat on the
pillar to which he is tied, having only stirred and turned
round at v. 1069. The cry now is, ‘ Save yourselves! By
some further act of murder this madman will enrage (incite
against him) the whole city of Thebes.’—46e was added by
88 THE HERCULES FURENS OF EURIPIDES.

Hermann to complete the dochmiac. Nauck reads dv av
Bakxetoet.

1089. In a very fine and natural speech (not unlike
that of Agave returning to her right senses in Bacch. 1263
seqq.) Hercules, fully roused from his slumber and finding
himself in bonds, asks where he is, what he has done, what
mean these bodies around him.

1091. ws, ie. Ws dewby éoTi TO Topayua év & (=és 8)
mérrwka.—perdpota, adverbially used; see on v. 113. To
‘breathe high’ was a term, perhaps medical, for what we
call ‘ a deep breath,’ in allusion to the high raising of the
chest.

1094. deouols k.7.\. See 945, 1011.

1100. éodiero. As the shield (to which the arrows are
compared) protects the wearer, so the wearer in turn takes
care that his shield is not taken from him or cast away in
the fight.

1101. For eis "Acdov, Pierson, who is followed by Nauck
and others, reads évroais, a violent change. It is much
more likely that é¢ “Awdou should be restored in the next
verse, for eis "Awdov, and Eipvoféws dlavhor taken to mean
‘ the double journey imposed by Eurystheus.’

1105. Perhaps, mod mor’ elu’ aumyar®, ‘I know not
where I am.” Nauck reads durnuor® ; interrogatively.

1109. &\fw. The deliberative conjunctive, ‘should I
go?” Compare Now, v. 1123. In the next line, the hor-
tative subjunctive (é\0w) must be supplied; see sup. 1059.
This is shown by uz, which would be ov, if fu were the
ellipse. ‘Let me too go with you, and not prove a de-
faulter in our present misfortunes.” The old reading, mpo-
ds, perhaps points to uy mpodd, i.e. wa wy, ‘that I may
not,’ &e.

1115. el mafor. Perhaps el uaboc.

1116—7. o xéumos. The assertion is a bold one, but
you do not yet say what it is that has befallen us.’—*¢No,
for you can see it yourself, if you are now really in your
right mind.’

1118. elmé kr. ‘Tell me. if you have any new
scheme (outline plan) for this life of mine. —¢I will tell
you, if you are no longer possessed.’—¢ Possessed! that
word has a suspicious sound.’—¢Yes, and I am not at all
sure that you are really sane.’ The dialogue hangs well
together, and nothing whatever is gained by Nauck’s trans-
position of 1120—1 before 1118. There is no need to bring
Béxxos and Baxyeloas into juxtaposition.

1124. avawduesba ydp. ‘We disown him.’ There is
‘irony’ in this, as the son would be disowning the father,
who had bound him, v. 1011.

1126. Recent editors adopt Heath’s correction, cpker
NOTES. : 89

olor) yap paldety 6 Povouar; ‘Will silence inform me of
what I want to know?’ The old reading gives a fair sense;
‘ Enough! I do not want to learn if you choose to be
silent’ (lit. in the event of your silence). Perhaps there
was some maxim, palelv owwmy, contrasted with pafeiv
Adyois. The resignation thus expressed is much more
appropriate than the testy question.

1127. porwr. Perhaps Opéve or Bpdvous.

1129. 77» fedv k.r.\. ‘Let the goddess alone, and
attend to your own misfortunes.” The active is more usual
(e.g. Eumen. 667), nearly in the sense of fovere, to wrap up
and take care of some thing or person. Cf. 1360.

1130. Nétews, dicturus es. The words 7& od kakd in-
duce him to ask what evils?

1133. moAemor, ‘a war which was no (true) war,’ like
yduos dyauos=~0voyauos. Cf. Prom. V. 924, dmwo\euos doe
Y’ 6 mohepos, dmopa wopuwos. Hercules replies, ¢ What do you
mean by speaking of war? I want to know who caused the
death of these children.’

1137. épunretpara. ‘You ask about matters which it
is sad to explain.’

1138. éyw, with emphasis; ‘and was I the slayer also
of my own wife?’

1140. wégos. Compare végpos oluwyis, Med. 107.

1142. This is a difficult verse. It is rendered (by H.
and G.) ‘Did I destroy my own house, or did I incite
others to do it?’ Sup. 1122, Bakyelsas is intransitive,
but, like xapetew Tia, the active sense is also found, e.g.
sup. 1086. Kirchhoff proposed 67’ éBakyevs’. The verse
seems corrupt. Perhaps éupavns, over which Bakxedoas
was written as a gloss.

1145. mwvpl. See on 925.

1146. 6 09 ye MSS. 0 6fira Nauck. The combination
07 ve occurs Eur. Suppl. 162, if the verse is genuine. This
speech of Hercules perhaps contained 15 verses, like that
of Theseus at 1163 and again at 1214. If so, it is likely
that 1147 and 1162 are interpolations.

1150. For é&wacrhs we might read koacris, or ka-
fapris, as Nauck proposes. Cf. Aesch. Cho. 112, mérepa
dukacriy 1) dukmpdpov Néyeis; He asks if he should not, by
his own suicide, avenge the murder of his children.

1151. Nauck reads r7vde Tov unr with Gul. Dindorf,

1153. éumoddv. He sees Theseus approaching, and
foresees that he will oppose the contemplated suicide.
Anxious to hide his guilt from a brother sun-god (this
seems the point of cvyyerys), he asks where he shall conceal
himself. He then covers his face with a mantle, so as
not to be recognised, till Amphitryo calls upon him at
v. 1205 to throw it off and show himself to his friend. For
90 THE HERCULES FURENS OF EURIPIDES.

the alternative of sinking down or flying up, see Med.
1296, and for kara xfovos sup. 650.

1159. ¢épe, hortative; see on 1059. The verse is de-
fective, the MSS. giving ¢ep’ dv 7. Probably dvrireivwy
and either okérov should be read, or mémhov or ¢dpos, from
v. 1205. Nauck’s reading ¢pdoov 7¢ kparl k.r.\. has little
to commend it.

1161. 7¢de mpooBarwr will mean, ‘at attaching to my
friend here the guilt of blood.’ —mrpogTpomatoy, ‘ guilty ’ (inf.
1259), an Aeschylean word, derived from a suppliant taking
asylum. Here the speech should end; see on 1146. The
next line was added from not seeing the syntax is aloylvopal
mpoofBalwr. The MSS. have mpoochafBwr by a common error.
This, in connexion with the next verse, and if we read with
Kirchhoff r@vde for 7¢ de, would mean, ‘and now, after taking
on myself the guilt of murdering these children besides the
murder of Lycus, I do not wish (by contact with them) to
do harm to the guiltless,” viz. Theseus and his followers.
‘We might read dupa for alua.

1163. Theseus enters, attended, probably, with mutes
attired as hoplites, and representing oir é\\ocs. The Asopus
here, as in Suppl. 383, is mentioned by Theseus as the
boundary between Attica and Boeotia. He has just arrived,
he says, to aid Hercules against the usurper Lycus, and
to repay the service done to himself by Hercules (sup. 619).
But he is startled by the sight of the corpses of children
lying around (1174), who were not likely to be victims of war.

1169. vmdpxew is technically used of one who esta-
blishes a claim by some prior act. We more commonly
find dmwdpxew dowklas.

1173. vewrépwr, still worse.” There is tragic irony in
this, for the arrival of Theseus had stopped the threat of
suicide, v. 1146. Pflugk compares Pind. Pyth. 1v. 275, pq
TL vedTepoy EE alT@®v dvagTiens Kakby.

1175. ~yeydoav. This should mean ‘whose daughter
is this wife?’ But the context requires the sense, ‘ whose
wife is this that I see?’ Nauck says, “yeydoar suspectum.”
Perhaps it is poetically used for oloar.

1176. maides, with emphasis; ¢ Boys do not get slain in
the ranks of war.’

1178. Amphitryo perhaps began his appeal with alas,
which are the olkrpa mpooluta.

1181. 7ives; The reply suggests rwés.

1185. H. and G. well translate, ‘° Would that I could
obey thy bidding!” The active seems here necessary, as
érayyéN\esfaw is used, not of bidding, but of making pro-
fessions and promises. Cf. Aesch. Cho. 204, 7ols Oeols
TeNeapdpovs evxas érayyéNhovoa, ¢ telling the gods that your
prayers have been accomplished.’
NOTES. 91

1189. mAayxfeis. Referring back to é&kave v. 1183.
‘He slew them deluded by a mad-fit, with arrows dipped in
the gore of the hydra.” For mirvAos see v. 816.

1198. mémhoww. See v. 1159.

1203. mdpes. We should expect dees. :

1205. Pdpos. A metaphor from a scale, in which one
weight overbalances another. The ¢counter-weight’ here
is the entreaty of Theseus, which is said to contend with
Hercules’ grief.

1207. For the singular mpoomirvwy see on 858. After
éxBalwy only a comma should be placed ; ¢ we implore you,
restrain the temper of the fierce lion, since you are going
forth on an unholy course of slaughter (viz. suicide), and
want to join evils to evils.” The old reading xdracyxe (Which
should be kardoyes) was corrected by Elmsley. It might
mean, ‘ keep a lion’s heart,’ i.e. of courageous endurance.
Aesch. Cho. 815, Ilepoéws T° év ¢ppeaiv kapblav karacyefuwy
(oxébwr M).

1214. Theseus, somewhat sternly yet not unkindly,
reproaches Hercules for trying to hide himself from him.
He says he will now show his gratitude for the services
received, and he counsels a manly bearing in trouble.

1215. avdé. From v. 1231 it seems that Theseus him-
self removes the veil.

1216. gxéros. Cf. 1159.

1218. mposelwr. The act of warning a man not to
approach is described by holding out the hand with a de-
precatory movement.—onualvers, not ‘point to it,” but
‘indicate that there has been murder, and that pollution
will result from contact with the murderer.” The murderer
was not to hold converse with any one till he had been
purified, Aesch. Eum. 426. Iph. T. 951, inf. 1284.

1221. Perhaps, with Kirchhoff, we should read el ydp
mor’, ‘for, if I before met with good fortune, it was owing
to you,’ lit. ‘I must refer it to the time when, &ec. The
ordinary reading seems to mean, ‘as I once (thanks to you)
had good luck, so now I am bound to bear a part of your
ill-luck.’

1228. 7a Ger ye. ‘Heaven-sent misfortunes, at all
events,” if not those of another kind.

1231. 7¢ énra. “Why then,’ viz, ‘if you see that IT am
a murderer.” With the next verse compare Antig. 1043,
Oeovs pualvew ores dvfpdmwy clével.

1234. aldoTwp, like udoTwp, was a kind of demon that
led families into crime from ancestral wrongs. It was from
feuds between enemies, rival clans and families, that the
curse came; it does not, Theseus says, ever pass from
friends to friends.

1235. émrpresa. See on v. 275. This line means, ¢ you
92 THE HERCULES FURENS OF EURIPIDES.

are very kind, and I am very much obliged to you, and feel
very glad that I did you a service’ (but I must decline to
make you a sharer in my troubles, as you propose, v. 1225).

1238. érépas, a euphemism for dfNiaws. Literally, ¢ on
the strength of your fortunes being other (than they ought).’
The next verse however, which asks ¢ Did you ever know
any one more wretched?’ and the reply, ‘Nothing can ex-
ceed your misfortunes,” suggest here xh\aiw xdpw chp é¢
érépais (or érépwr) 8¢ ovuepopals, ‘and for your sake I weep
also at others’ woes,’ viz. from excess of sympathy..

1240. karwlev. ‘You reach, as it were, from earth to
heaven by the vast extent of your woes.’ g

1241. 7ovydp. ‘And that is why we have made up our
mind to die.’ See v. 1148. Theseus regards this as a
threat, and asks if the gods care whether he does or not;
to which he replies, that neither does he care about the
gods ; he is avfdadys, temerarius, rash in speaking of them
as they are ai@ddecs, relentless, in dealing with him. Cf.
Prom. 64, ddauavrivov opnros avfadn yvifor. Theseus fur-
ther warns Hercules to beware of using presumptuous
words.

1245. GSmov 7efp. The metaphor is from a ship so
loaded that there is no place left where more goods can be
stowed.

1248. émuruxovros. © That is the remark of an ordinary
man’ (not of a hero). The poet takes the Socratic view,
that suicide is neither right nor courageous.

1249. ov 6é ye. ‘Yes, but you who give the advice are
out of harm’s way.’ Cf. Prom. 271, é\agpov, doTis mnudrwy
Ew moda Exel, Tapawelv vovleTely Te TOY KAKES TPATTOVT .

1250. Néyer 7dde. Viz. about committing suicide.
Hercules replies, ‘I am o moA\a TAds, but not ¢ rocaira
TAas up to this time.’

1251. év uérpy Hermann for el uérpw. Nauek gives
up the verse as corrupt. The correction makes fair sense;
‘there must be some limit in enduring suffering.’ This
implies, that beyond such a limit death must come.

1252. The interrogation is continued from 1250, ‘that
Hercules who is called the benefactor and friend of man?’
He replies, ¢ They help me not; it is Hera, mine enemy,
that prevails.” Theseus retorts, ‘ Hellas certainly cannot
allow you to perish through that perverse view of yours.’
Cf. 192, avros Té0vnke deihig.

1255. Hercules, in a splendid pfiows, partaking, as
H. and G. remark, of the nature of a rhetorical émideéis or
argumentative essay, combats the objections of Theseus,
and persists (1301) in his intention to die.

Ibid. Aéyous, ‘by arguments.’ Suppl. 195, éX\owse 07)
‘réyna’ GuiAAnbels Nyy Todd.
NOTES. 93

1257. &v. H. and G. remark that the idiom is the same
as in e\éytaw or émideital Twa ¢ovéa ovra, but that the im-
personal neuter participle (=8r aBiwrév éorwv) is rare in this
construction.

1258. mpwrov uév. This should be followed by émeira
in 1263. Four reasons are given why life is intolerable;
(1) There was a birth-curse on him through the crime of
Amphitryo in killing Electryon. (2) The enmity of Hera.
(3) The life of toil and labour he has undergone. (4) The
murder of his own children, v. 1279.

- Ibid. ék 700d’ doris, The indefinite relative is used (as
in our phrase ‘from one who,’ &e.) where the antecedent is
not, except by implication, a known person. H. and G.
compare Prom. 38, ti Tov Oeols ExOioTov ob oTuyels Oedv, bois
70 gov Bvnroiol wpoldwker yépas; Hipp. 943, oképacle & eis
TOvd’, Boris €E éuob yeyws fioxuve Tau NKTpa.—mpooTpémaLos,
see v. 1161.

1261. karaBAnf7. See v. 758, and on v. 1009. When
there is something wrong about the birth, the life of the
person born will hardly be prosperous.

1263. o Zevs. ‘Whoever that Zeus (that men speak of)
is.” The article follows the usual rule of being added to
the same word or name repeated: ef. 239. For the
‘agnosticism’ expressed by the same formula, see Tro. 885.

1264. ov pévro.. Amphitryo, who is present, is ad-
dressed, but avowedly as the putative father, whence the
deprecation of offence at an unworthy imputation. ‘You,
though not my true father, have been kinder to me than he
who is so.’

1267. Nauck, following Hesychius, and Cobet Var.
Lect. p. 575, give érewséppnke both here and in El. 1033,
as the true form of the aorist, on the analogy of 7jka and nka.

1272, Tuvgavas, ‘furious monsters,” the term especially
applying, as the epithet shows, to Geryon, who is called
Tpiwoduaros in Agam. 842. But to read I'npubvas, as Nauck
does with Elmsley, is surely needless. The phrase merely
means ‘I slew many monsters, (Typhons,) giants, and
centaurs,’ &e.

1275. pvpiwr Te. The Te precedes the kal following,
For dyéhas we should perhaps read dfhovs. See on v. 425.

1280. @purykdoar, to put the coping-stone to the family
woes. Aesch. Ag. 1254, kdreww dras Tdode Oprykdowy
¢Nois. H. and G. suggest that the metaphor is continued
from 1261.

1281. sjkw k.7.\. He now shows that, under present
circumstances, and as an outcast, he could not endure life.
—otre, ‘neither.in my own loved Thebes nor’ (he should
have added) ‘at Argos,” but he changes this clause to a
deliberative question.
94 THE HERCULES FURENS OF EURIPIDES.

1284. ov yap k.7A. ‘For I bear upon me a curse that
prevents others from speaking to me.” See on 1218. The
plural refers to the several deaths, each of which is regarded
as an dry by itself. So aloxdracs inf. 1423,

1287. kame k.7.\. ‘And should we then be looked
at with suspicion, as known villains, and kept in constant
restraint through the sharp attacks of men’s tongues?’ The
sense (if the participle is genuine) is dmox\ewdueror, shut out
from all converse, because men speak evil of new comers,
even if they are not known to be bad. Cf. Aesch. Suppl. 971,
was 8 év perolkw YAGooay eUrukov pépet kakny, TO T elmely
evmerés (Ouoxepés?) picayud ws.

1291. Another argument in favour of suicide,—a
reverse from former prosperity is hard to bear. For the
sentiment, cf. 4lcest. 926; Tro. 634; Iph. T. 1117.

1294. more. ‘Some day,” when, after living an out-
cast, I come to ask for burial, which the very earth will
refuse me.

1297. apparfharov, like cipiyyes dfoviharoc in Aesch.
Suppl. 177, means that the wheels are propelled by the
body of the car. But we seem here to require rpox#\aror
(kgra Tov 7p. Herwerden). The resemblance appears to
consist in Hercules never resting, but going round in his
vain appeal from one land to another.

1299. «kal k.7.\. ‘And so this is the best course for
me.” Nauck reads on conjecture mpos Tair’.

1302. Perhaps Bior {axpetor. This word appears used
in Aesch. Suppl. 190, aidoia kal vyoedva kal axpel’ &mn
(MS. Ta xpel’) Eévous duelBedt’.

1304. This verse is either corrupt or (more probably
perhaps) interpolated. Nauck’s reading, tor for Zmwos, is a
mere guess. It was quite enough to say, ‘now therefore
let Hera dance for joy, for,” &e.

1307. dvw kdrw, ‘upside down,’ is a figure from statues
or pillars overthrown by an earthquake. Hence Sdfpocs is
used in respect of the pedestal or base. Cf. Aesch. Eum.
620, wdvr’ dvw Te (ra?) kal kdTw TiOnow.

1308. ~yvrawkss. The cause of Hera’s enmity is avowed
to be her jealousy of Alemena.—otveka, more correctly
elveka, and so Nauck in ed. 3.

131112. It is pretty clear that this distich should
be given to the chorus, not to Theseus, as in the copies.
For it is the custom of the tragics, in protracted dialogues,
to relieve the speakers by a brief remark thus interposed.
The first verse of Theseus’ reply appears to have been
lost. It might easily be supplied, Tovydp oe Thr aw ug
Tt péupecbar Toxn, ‘therefore (as the gods are in fault)
I advise you to go on bearing your troubles, not to be
discontented with your fortune,” and so commit suicide.
NOTES. 95

This would suit what follows very well; ‘No mortal can
say there has never been a blot or slur on his fortunes, nor
any god either, if what the bards say is true.’—This speech,
it will be observed, appears to have been just half the pre-
ceding in length. Compare Iph. 4. at 1211 and 1255 seqq.

1316. ovdels duos. The union of brothers with sisters,
as of Zeus with Hera, is one of the instances meant.

1318. ky\doiv, maculare, is poetically used for aloxv-
vew. The reference is to the binding of Cronus by his own
son, Aesch. Prom. 228.—d.a Tvpawvidas, to attain sovereign
rule, the height of ambition, Phoen. 505.—d\\’ Suws, i.e.
though they have done grievous wrong, they are not
ashamed to live in heaven. Compare Hipp. 456, dN
Suws év olpavd valovst kou @elyovaw ékmodwy Oeols.—nvé-
oxovro=¢&sreptav, they bore the charge of having done
wrong, and did not hide themselves through shame.

1320. «kairo... The meaning is, ¢ yet surely, if the gods
can bear their misfortunes, you ought to bear yours.’—r¢
¢roes is, * What will you say to defend your conduct?’
Perhaps, 7{ ¢noovs’, What will men say of you?’ The
argument, of course, logically fails, because gods could
neither commit nor contemplate suicide. Cf. inf. 1382.

1322. 700 véuov. In compliance with the law which
forbids murderers to reside in their city.

1325. 8omovs. Theseus says that the shrines and tem-
ples in Attica consecrated to himself, shall henceforth be
shared with Hercules, and become the seats of a joint hero-
worship (or solar cult, in the myth). A particular tribute
or tithe, said to be paid to Theseus for his services in slay-
ing the Minotaur, is henceforth to be ceded to Hercules
and applied to the purposes of his worship.

1330. oéfev, ‘called after you.” Cf. Soph. El. 283,
KATLkwKW TaTpos Ty dueTalaway alr’ émwvomacpuévy. So
commonly éravuubs Tivos.

1332. Some kind of altar-tomb or consecrated mound
may be described by é£éykwua, though poetically perhaps it
may mean Bwuds. But cf. Orest. 402, év § Tdhawav pnrép’
éEdrykovy Tap. Ion 388, os, el puév ovkér’ EoTw, bykwli Tapw.

1334. dorols, the Attic citizens subject to Theseus.
They, he says, by such an application of the tribute, will
be praised for honouring a benefactor of mankind.

1338—9. This distich seems spurious, and made up
from Or. 667, érav 8 6 Saluwy eb 8:6¢, Tt Ol pihwy; dpkel
yap avros 6 Oeds dpehety Oénwy.

1340. mapepya. ‘These arguments (from the endu-
rance of the gods, and from proffered honours) are quite
beside (have no real bearing upon) my troubles.’

1345. detrar ovdevés. And therefore not rupavvis, v.
1317, as the poets pretend. ‘
96 THE HERCULES FURENS OF EURIPIDES.

1347. éokepauny 8é. The real argument that induces
him at last to comply, is the consideration whether, after
all, suicide is not the act of a coward. The aorist seems
here to have the sense of &keuuar, ‘I have however well
considered the chance that I may,’ lit. ‘have taken care
that I should not,’ &e., mihi cautum est. This view explains
the un better than the theory of a deliberative subjunctive,
which is properly used only with verbs of action. The
Greeks would have said ovk é¢pAfow, ‘shall I not incur?’

&e. :

1350. PBéNos. The accusative is used as in Rhes. 375,
aé yap olris UmogTas Apyelas wor’ év “Hpas damédois xopebae.

1351. Nauck, removing the stop at Bé\os, adopts the
conjecture of Madvig, éykaprepriocwr, which is wrong for two
reasons; first, the future participle could not be used after
vroorivar (not being a verb of motion); secondly, the new
resolve of Hercules must here first be enunciated: ¢I will
brave death (when it comes, ie. not anticipate it).” Or
perhaps, ‘I will keep a bold heart in respect of death (by
suicide).” Cf. Androm. 262, éykaprepels 67 Odvaror; Thue.
11. 61, Tawews) Judy 7 Sudvoia éykaprepety & Eyvwre.

1352. uvupiwv. Nauck and others give uvplar, a likely
reading. So Alcest. 544, kat cou pvpiav &w xdpw. With
these words, and with the sense of gratitude they express,
Hercules is overcome, and is seen, after a short pause, to
be shedding tears. Compare the similar apology for the
weakness in Trach. 1070—5,

1353. ardp. The sense seems to be, ‘(You think me
weak, it may be;) but in all the labours I have undergone I
neither showed weakness, nor shed one tear, nor even
thought I should ever come to do so.’—dmretmor, ‘disowned,’
refused to perform.

1358. ~vepaé. He addresses Amphitryon still present.
¢ Take these children,’ he says, ‘ give them into their (dead)
mother’s hands that they may be buried with her, and come
to reside with me at Athens.” Either, perhaps, a line has
been lost after 1361, or we should read, parenthetically,
éué yap otk éa vbuos pos arépy épeloar. Thus the participles
Tiudv—aovs Te would stand in connexion. H. and G., who
construe mwpos orépy’ épelcas Sols Te, translate ¢pillowing
them on their mother’s breast.” The sense is somewhat
obscure. Perhaps, wpos orépy’ épeloas unrpl, dovs 7 és dykd-
Aas kowwvlav dVoTnrov, ‘laying them at their mother’s side,
and putting into her arms a sad union which I, without in-
tending it, put an end to’ by slaying them. The pathos of
which Euripides was so great a master is well shown here.

1366. Nauck rejects this line, but it gives a very good
sense, ‘you may not like it,’ viz. to leave Thebes, ¢ but
force your mind to take a part in bearing my troubles.’
NOTES. 97

1368. Wracfe. ‘You have not been blessed in, have
received no benefit from, the honours won by me.” The
aorist is oracfac, whence the common formula olirws “vai-
un TGv Tékvwy, &c.

1870. ambravow, ‘a good reward to receive from a
father.” Cf. Hel. 77, ambéhavow elkols éfaves dv Aws Kops.

1371. The sense is, dwdleca dé oly Ouoiws Womep ov
Eowles Tapa Nékrpa. ‘I did not reward thee fitly for keep-
ing,” &e. (H. and G.).

1378. #&xw, the deliberative conjunctive, ‘whether I
should keep them,” &ec.—démAwy, not only the arrows, but
also the club, sup. 942. The meaning is, that as often as
the club, the bow and the quiver strike against his side,
they will seem to say to him, ‘why do you still carry us,
when you used us to slay your own children with?’

1380. zuiv. As the arms are supposed to speak, the
dative is rather that of the instrument than of the agent,
‘it was by us that you slew,” &e.

1382. i ¢pdokwr; see v. 1320.

1384. UmoPBaidv. If I should have subjected myself to,
put myself in the power of, my enemies.

1385. dfAiws dé. © Though with a sad memory of their
use.” (“Though it is painful,” H. and G.) Perhaps
dogalds 6¢, as sup. 1372.

1387. «kbmoTpa, ‘the rewards for bringing.” Cf. 4gam.
938, Yuxfis kbuioTpa Thode pxavwpévy. To ‘help to settle’
the price seems to refer to the recovery of his civil status or
of his patrimony; see v. 19. The compound occurs Hipp.
293, kel pév vooels TL Twy dmopphTwy Kak@v, yuvaikes aide
guykafioTavar véoov.

1388. Construe uj wdfw Te. He fears lest, if he should
go alone, he might die of grief.

1391. dmavras Nauck, with Hermann, on account of
wavres following. The general order seems well expressed
by the nominative; cf. Alc. 425, 1154.—éni Novy, in refer-
ence to the custom of funeral orations.

1393. d6Awoe, Nauck.

1396. «kafapoiocw. A common metaphor, either from
wrestling or from demolishing buildings. *Yes, even the
strong are overthrown by circumstances.’

1397. Hercules, with a sigh, rejoins, that as he feels
unable to move,—as all his strength has deserted him,—he
wishes he could turn into stone on that very spot, and so
forget his troubles.

1399. un, supply 6édocka. The very touch of a guilty
~person’s garment was thought to cause pollution. Theseus
says, ‘ Wipe off the blood upon me, if you please,—so little
do I fear you.” Cf. Soph. El. 445, kdmi Novrpoicw kdpg knAi-
das é&épatev.

HER. 7
98 THE HERCULES FURENS OF EURIPIDES.

1402. Compare Teiresias and Cadmus in Bacch. 193,
where the latter says yépwr véporra Tadaywytiow o éydb.

1407. ws 6% Ti; Nauck, with Dobree, i.e. yéryrar. So
Ion 525, ds Tt 67 petryers pe; Iph. Aul. 1342, bs 1i 6%;
‘Ig. 70 duaTuxés poe TAY yduwr aidd ¢pépe. Taken together,
the formula will mean ws 87 pwr oer Tt pihtpov TobT Exww ;
¢ What is this charm, the possession of which will make you
easier?’ In this case, ¢s will mean, ‘since you will be
the easier for what?’ &e. More usually, ds 6% pdwr éodpe-
vos. Cf. dgam. 1611, ws 6% oc pow Thpavwos ’Apyelwr Ever.

1408. warpés Te. Another motive for turning back,
since Amphitryo was staying behind. ‘Besides, I wish to
clasp (apply to myself) a father’s breast.” Amphitryo meets
the offer, saying that it is agreeable to himself too. Cf.
Hec. 563, idod, 768" el uév oréprov, & veavia, walew wpobuuet,
Talooy.

1410. Theseus appears to taunt Hercules with weak-
ness, and asks, if he is the hero of so many fights? He
replies, All those labours were as nothing compared to
this.’ :

1413. (& ool k.r.\. “Do I endure to live (i.e. do I not
revert to my intention of suicide) thus debased and degraded
in your eyes? You did not think me so before,’ viz. when I
brought you safe from Hades. The old reading, mposfeivac
dok®, was corrected by Hermann.

1414. dyav ve, supply Tamewés. The negative use of
mod is not uncommon in Euripides; see Heracl. 369, Hec.
1199, Ion 528. The sense then is, odkért éxeivos ¢ kAewds
‘Hpar\7s el.

1415. Hercules retorts, ¢ Were not you rarewds, and in
abject fear, among the shades below? The reply (if the
reading is right) is an acknowledgment of cowardice which,
—unless we suppose some touch of comic irony,—sounds
strange in the mouth of Theseus. ‘As far as courage went,
I proved myself a man mavrés foowr, cowed and beaten by
any alarm.’ There must be some hidden satire or irony in
the two great heroes walking arm-in-arm and acknowledg-
ing themselves a couple of cowards. Dr Badham proposes
m\v és 70 Mua, which has some probability, but not less
of comic irony. Nauck, rarrds Juer foooves.

1417. The old reading, w@s olv ér’ elmys, is solecistic,
and Nauck, with L. Dindorf, reads dv elrois. But the true
reading, probably, is 7&s oly &u’ elres, ‘then how is it that
you say of me, that I shrink into myself through misfor-
tunes ?”- The more correct use of w&s dv with the optative
is to express a wish, e.g. as in Hipp. 208. H. and G.
remark, ‘‘guoré\\ew (sc. iorla) was originally a nautical
expression, ‘to shorten sail.’”’ The Orators use the word
as we say ‘to draw in,’ remit or contract some action,
NOTES. 99

disposition, &c. Cf. Tro. 108, & mo\vs dykos cusTeANbuevos
mpoybvwy. It is also a military term, as in Iph. T'. 295.

1418. mpoBawe. The technical word for starting any
kind of procession. Theseus seems to have dissuaded his
companion from taking a last embrace, and thus Hercules
moves on with a simple yaipe, ‘good bye.’

1419. éue 6é. The sense cannot be, ‘and who will
bury me ?’, for what follows is quite inconsistent. The
dialogue is abrupt, and Amphitryo means to ask éué 6¢ ris
koueer; The reply is, éyw, mix’ dv Gdns Tékva, méupoual oe
eis ’AOqvas. Cf. Oed. Col. 602, mas onra ¢ dv mweuyaiatd’
dor’ olkely dlxa; Hee. 977, ti xpnu’ éméuyw Tov éuov éx
dbuwy Toda;

1422. elokomile, viz. eis olkov. “Take within the house
the children whom it is hard for the earth to bear, i.e. as
being a pollution to the land” (H. and G.).

1423. aioxlvaws. A somewhat strange word, which
Nauck calls ‘“suspectum.” But it is not easy to alter it.
Perhaps ‘acts of which we are ashamed’ is all that is
meant. Cf. Suppl. 164, év uév aloxivars &xw. Possibly,
alpaow, ‘with murders,” or aloyivas douwr, ‘having ex-
hausted the reproaches of the house,’ i. e. after doing our
worst to discredit it, and unable to do more.

1424. égpohkides. See v. 631.

1427. oreixopev. Perhaps Aembued’, ‘we are left be-
hind in grief for losing our greatest friends.” As Amphi-
tryo was avowedly left behind, it is hard to see in what
sense the chorus are said orelyew, unless they mean that
they leave the orchestra and depart.—7a péywsra, for rovs
peytorovs. So Eumen. 465, kplvaca 6 dor@v Tov éutov Td
Bé\rara ftw.

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P. CorNEILLE:—Le Cid. Horace. Cinna. Polyecucte.

VOLTAIRE :—Zaire.

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Materials for German Prose Composition. By Dr Buchheim.
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A German Grammar for Public Schools. By the Rev. A. C.
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Tot and the Cat. A Bit of Cake. The Jay. The

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The Cat and the Hen. Sam and his Dog Red-leg. | “fr

Bob and Tom Lee. A Wreck. Infants,
The New-born Lamb. The Rosewood Box. Poor

Fan. Sheep Dog.
The Story of Three Monkeys.
Story of a Cat. Told by Herself,
The Blind Boy. The Mute Girl. A New Tale of

Babes in a Wood. Suitable
The Dey and the Knight. The New Bank Note. OF oe =

The Royal Visit. A King’s Walk on a Winter's Day. Shy dads
Queen Bee and Busy Bee. is
Gull's Crag.
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lustrated. Double size, 1s.

BELL'S READING-BOOKS.
FOR SCHOOLS AND PAROCHIAL LIBRARIES.

The popularity of the ¢ Books for Young Readers’ is a sufficient proof that
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Now Ready. Post 8vo. Strongly bound in cloth, 1s. each.
Grimm's German Tales. (Selected.
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Masterman Ready. By Capt. Marryat. Illus. (Abgd.)

Friends in Fur and Feathers. By Gwynfryn.
Parables from Nature. (Selected.) By Mrs. Gatty.
Lamb’s Tales from Shakespeare. (Selected.)

Edgeworth’s Tales. A Selection. i ad
Gulliver's Travels. (Abridged.) rie
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Gatty’s Light of Truth. 1

The Vicar of Wakefield.
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London; Printed by STRANGEWAYS & Soxs, Tower Street, St. Martin’s Lane,
 
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