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	Syjlema Horti - culture ; O R, The Art of G ardening. In Three Books. The I. Treateth of the Excellency, Scituation, Soil, Form, Walks, Arbours, Springs, Fountains, Water-works, Grotto’s, Statues, and other Ornaments of Gardens, with many Rules, and Directions, concerning the lame. The II. Treateth of all forts of Trees planted for Ornament of Shade, Winter-Greens, Flower-Trees, and. Flowers, that are propagated or prelerv'd in the Gardens of the bell Florifts, and the bell Ways and Methods of Railing, Planting, and Improving them. The III. Treateth of the Kitchin Garden, and of the variety of Plants propagated for Food, or for any Culinary Ufes: With many general and particular Rules, and InftruCtions, for the making Hot Beds, altering and enriching any fort of Garden ground, Watering, Cleanling, and Adapting all forts of Earth to the various Plants that are ufoally planted therein. To the great Improvement of every forr of Land, as well for Ufe and Profit, as for Ornament and Delight, Illullrated with Sculptures, reprefenting the Form of Gardens, according tq the newell Models. Uj		
	By jf. 1/Vaolridge, Gent.	
	%\)t Litton, tiottfy large 3Dhittona*_	
	London : Printed for Tho. Dring, at the Harrow over againfl the Inner-Tmple-Gzte in Fletftmt. i 6 8 §•	
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THE
PREFACE1-
READER.
ARTS as well as Habits, are fubje<ft to that Fate of being in Mode, as might be inftanced in leveral, befides this curious Art of Horti culture: which never declines when once it is become National, only varies in Form, according to the leveral temporary Humours of fiich that place their Oble&ations in ir. As for that part of Gardening, which is for the propagation of Trees for Pleafure, and beautifying Seats with vegetative Ornaments, fcarce any part of the World, but eftimates it a more than ordinary value. As for chat part which is for Flora's ule, the extream hot or cold parts are little adapted to it, thole in the temperate Zone the moft: For thele luftri,ous Beauties affe<5t .not Sol's fcorching rays, nor can their tender lovely Faces endure Hyems's too great leverity, yet of the two extreams, the cold is the moft tolerable, there being naturally more Flowers in the Meadows of the Ruffian Territories, than in thole of Guinea.
TO THE
A 2
Butji The Preface to the Reader.
But as. for that part that relates to Efculent Plants, all Nations delight in it for the railing of fuch that are moft proper,for their Climate. Nature it (elf hath directed us where, and in what, parts Gardens are to be planted with advantage, having (pontaneoufly expofed to our view many curious Plants; which made Varro to lay, Divina natura dedit xgr'os: which is in effect, that divine Nature hath indicated unto us thole Grounds that are fit for thele tiles: There reftsv only our Care and, Induftry to Till and Manure them, which was an Exer-cile appropriated unto us from the beginning. That our Englijh Soyl then, is generally lit for all thele Ules, may appear from its aptnels to produce naturally id great Variety of Trees for Beauty aod Shade, blowers for Delight, and edible Plants alfo if they are fown in it; which is a fuffkient encouragement for the Ingenious farther to profocute this Art, which is of late years much improved in every part thereof! It was not long fmce thatoiirchoiccft Avenues were firft planted with thole Ornamental Shades that now are become common, and that our bell Gardens were only worthy of thole natural Beauties that now flourilh in every ordinary Fartir: Many of our now vulgar Difoes of Tillage3 alfo, were but lately efteein’d as Rarities, And as this Art hath with its Subjects enccealed of late years ; lb have the Iijftru&ions or, Trcatifos, written to that effect, been multi plied.The affections of our Countrymen fo naturally tending that way, have gi-: n	ven. The Preface to the*Reader. ' iii
veil great encouragement to foch Publications, feme whereof are very large and voluminous;
. others there are that are more acciirt, ahd treat only of fome particular Plants, and ways of , ordering them. And asjthe Art it lelf was at firft lame, lo have the TiredUonsfor its Improvement been ; that if an inquifidVe Perfon defires to be informed of the different Ways, Methods, or Means to order his Garden, &c. he muft procure many feveral Tra&s, .and thofe differing very much in their Rules arid Prefcriptions tlie one from the Other, and delivering many fabulous Stories, add directing you in erroneous Ways, affirming them to be true that are meerly fuppofkiouS '5 fome of them are only tranflated out of other, Languages, which were written for other Countries, whole Horn-culture ( as their Climate ) varies Very much from ours. All which Inconveniences I have here endeavoured to Uvoid, by contracting into a (mall Pocket-Volume, the Names of the moll and principal kinds of Ornamental Treesand Flowers, with their proper Ways and Methods of ordering; and an account of all fiich Elculent Plants that are here ufoally planted for culinary ales: Together with the Method and Manner of lele&ing Grounds for Gardens, and the making, forming, and adorning them ; and the improving, preferving, altering or renewing the feveral forts of Earths, for all hortulane Plants, wherein as near as may be I have not troubled you with unnec?ffary, infignificant, ufelefs, nor
A 3	fall?IV
. The Preface to the Reader.
falfe Directions; but have inferted only fuch that either I have adually experimented to be true,, or have theni from Perfons or Authors of good repute ; or that are deduced from (olid Principles. Alfo I have not (well’d this fmall Trad, nor troubled your, patience, with the many unneceffary Names nor Charaders of the various fpecies of Flowers, and (everal o-ther Plants; but nominated the more principal ; the other being rather to be feleded when in their prime by your Eye, than confided in from lame Descriptions. It is better to truft to the integrity of a Gardener, than fuch Diredions that are ufually written, and feem to emblazon the Fame of a poor fimple Flower, vyhich when you fee its highell lultre in the beft part of your Garden, (as by the defoliation and the price,you gave for it, itihould deferve) yqu are ready to remove it to the moft abjed place of your Groves. It may be objected, that there are many things in thisTrea-tife that have been formerly written of, and therefore.it fee ms to be fuperfluous. It is true, very able Pens have written of this Subjed ; but they themfelves could not write without mentioning fome things, and thole not few, that had been publifhed before: It being very rare to find a Treatife in this Age, wholly of a new $ubjed ; and any would efteem it a grand deficiency in the improvement of * this Art, if none fhould have written of it fince Mr. Parkijffon, Sir Hugh Platt, Meager, and ieveral othgrs^ becaufe thefe. had written before
onV
The Preface to the Reader.
on the lame Subject. I hope therefore that this Objection will have no place' againft this TraCt, the rather, becaufe it hath the Characters (that Mr. Aufiin hath propofed in his E-piftle Dedicatory, before his Treatifa of Fruit?, Trees) that Books of this mtufe fhonld have, Viz. i.That they be of fmallBulk and Pr/ce,where-in I hope-1 have conformed, confidering the 'variety of Matter herein Difcourfed of. 2. That' the Stile be plain, and Jutted to the Vulgar: In this I am hire I have not tranfgreffed ; for I have wav’d as near as .I could, all hard Words, and intricate Expreffions. (now in Mode) not in any wile fuitable to this plain, horteft, and rultick Employment. 3.' That theje Books for InJlruBion, be Experimental: As to this proposal I have exactly obferved it. ^ You will alfo find feveral Matters here treated of,thathave.notas* yet been mentioned in any Hortulane TraCts ,' and many Experiments very ufeful and benes ficial, that1 were never made publick before. My principalidefign being not only to excite oi; animate fiich that have fair Eftates,and pleafant Seats in the Country 3 to adorn and beautifie them; but to encourage the honelt and plain Countryman in the improvement of his Ville, by enlarging the bounds and limits of his Gardens 3 as well as his Orchards, for the encreafe ofluch Elculent Plants that maybeufeful and beneficial to himfelf and his Neighbors. Many there are in this Kingdom, that out of final! portions of Land, have by their Induftry and Ingenuity in this very way of Improvement;
A 4	main»VI
The Prefab to the Reader. '
maintained themfelves and their Families,'aqd, acquired over and above wherewith to enlarge then Pofleflions. Several parts bey pnd the Seas, in Holland, Flanders, France, Switzerland^ j ( of a near temperature of Air with us) canftiew multitudes of Examples of this nature: Italy alio in; Fhnys time, now the Garden of the World,, was then improvable by this way of Tillage: A# appears by that Hiftory of G. Furuts Crefmusi who. out of a (mall piece of groundraifed morq advantage, than his Neighbours out of their; greater Poifeffions; but then not without the imputation of Sorcery, (uch was the Ignorance and Envy of that Age.
. In this Country, inmany places, Ignorance, Sloth, and Envy, are great impediments to this way of Improvement; no Country in the World being without feme perlops fraught with lazy and envious, Humors. Therefore we cannot be exempt from them, the belt of Airs naturally nouriming the worft of Animals, and the beft of Gardens naturally producing the worft of Weeds.
. As for flothful men, they are the greatefb burthen to themfelves; but envjpus men,, al* though they are lo great an affti&ion to themfelves, (as Horace obferved, that the SicilianT y-rants never invented the like Torment) yet are; they aKo the worft Neighbors to good Husbandry , not only to the conftant depraving the endeavours and ingenuity of the Induftrious, but ufing all means they can to impede or prevent their prosperity: Like unto him that poy-
foned'the Freface to the Reader. vii
foiled the Flowers in his own Garden^ frecaule his Neighbor’s. Bees Ihould get no. more Honey from thea$. ■ Againft Inch as thefe. every ingenious and induftrious man ought to /be, .well provided, with a competent proportion , o£ par tience anddifcretion* and. not to be difooura* ged from profecutinghis intentionsof imp'o^'is Virtu ving his Vi lie, either by this way henepropo?t,m ?ri~ lpd, or by lorne of the ways formerly, treatedtdnnicm' of for the planting of Fruits, or.fome otherjBffilfi ways of Husbandry more advantageous chan* the old beaten way, lb much by feme contend» ed for,, there being no Land, elpedafly- the fmaller; Farms, but is capable of improvement by fome of thole Methods propoled: Although I know that there are many that contend for the ancient,;way of Husbandry, and living.upon our own. Qrowths and1 ManufafturCs 7. as: of old,we have done,-, flighting and contemning the Improvements that are daily made- in all mannor of Husbandry -and Horticulture, and in a|l Mechanic k Artsmd'Manula&ures,,leen> ing to, emulate the felicity of former Ages,, not confjtforing the great, mutations that, are .made in the: World, as well in the various Qccupati* onsand.Exercilesof men, as in things of high* er Natures. Many new Arts are di(covered, and, new ways of Trade, not only to encreale » Manufactures, but to facilitate the great: la» bour and expence men are put unto in the vulgar method of uling them, of which very little hath hitherto been written, and of which (as time and opportunity fliall favour me); I in*
tendviii The Preface to the Reader.
tend to difcourfe particularly, (having made a thorough fcrutiny into many Trades, Arts, and Occupations, to dilcover the great imperfections and defeats of them.) Which may be of great ufe to the advancement of Trade, and and to the converting the Labour and Induftry of the People of this Nation, and their Bealts of Labour to the greateft advantage, there being nothing more wanting in this Nation than Hands to work up, and People to manage the great plenty of Materials England affords. Not that I will propofe Conjectures and Probabilities for real Experiments and Inventions, gain Priviledges for their foie ufe, and leave others at their own coft and pains, to difcover the Truths and Errors of them, and if they prove advantagious, to engrofs the profit to'my fel£ as feveral have lately done : But faithfully to convince the Impartial of former defects,'and moft apt ways to improve fiich Medi'anick' Arts and Defigns, that there may be as well an Improvement of the Manufactures -and Mechanick Arts, that are operated out of our own Growths and Productions, as well as an encreafe of fuch Growths and Productions themfelves, all conducing to the Honour, Reputation, Strength, and Advantage of this Nation. Many have fet to their helping hands to feveral parts of that defign, but rather by way of Propofals or Encouragements (which have not been altogether vain and ulelcfs) o-thers by irregular and unfiiccefsful Attempts, by which means fbme light hath been given toThe Preface to the Reader.
other things that have not proved unufeful-: As it is obferved that thofe that attempt thb . Philofophers. Stone, often foil of their end,- yet :the.y difcover;many rare things of Ufe and De-- light. Many Attempts- within -thefe forty years haye been made to keep Bees, (thofe pro-stable Infeds):in wooden Cafes, and thereby annually to take their Honey, and yet prefeft'e their Lives	.Although the)Invention, or ra-
ther Conceit, hath nocyeriucbecded, yet hath the hopes of Gain prompted many to ftock themfelves jyith Bees, which defign is now more likely, than ever to be effected j many ingenious men having, undertaken at their great coft and pains thefe two laft years, and are yet upon their Experiments, to lee the end of it: Very much to the Reputation and Advantage of him that gives them leave lo to do.
There are feveral Objections may be raife^ againlF7mprovement~or Lands by Garden-Tillage : Some of them I fliall take notice of in the enfeing Trad; the other are lb flight, that they are nor worthy the mentioning, all feem-ing to proceed from the fame principles, as fhpfe have that would not that their Neighbours fhould breed Cattel at an eafie rate, to hinder them from felling their own at a dear rate, and that' would not have the Farmers that live on the dry Lands, fow any Clover, St. Foyn, or iuch like; becaufe the Produdions of their lower and richer Lands ihould yield them the greater price, endeavouring to reduce all places to their old natural way of Husbandry,
all# The Preface to the Reader.
ail' Lands to yield no other Commodity, than :what it will fpontanfcoufly produce, delpifing Art and Induliry, deeming them as Innovations. . Nevertheless I hope I may excule thele perlons, being our own Countrymen, from ■fuch ftupid Ignorance, and impute it to their Intereft which thus byalfeth their Judgments, and puts them fbmetimes to the charge of a Cornell, which their Ignorance only would never provoke them to.
j. w.
THEThe TABLE
O F
CHAPTERS and SECTIONS.
LIB. Ii
Page
OF Gardens of Pleafare, and the [olid Ornaments thereof.	I
Chap. I. Of the Scituation and Soils of a Garden, and their Improvements.	7
Se<5fc. 1. Of the Scituation of a Garden. ibid.
2. Of the different and mofl natural Soils for Gardens.	9
3. Of the Improvement cffuch Soils.	io
Chap. IL Of the Form of a Garden, and its Fencing and Fnclofing.	*4
Se&. 1. Of the Form of a Garden.	ibid.-
2. Of Fences and Inclofures to a Garden. ‘ 19 Chap. III. Of the Walkst Arbours x and places of Repofe in Gardens.	27
Se& 1. Of Walks and Materials for them. ib.-2. Of Arbors and Places of Reptfe.	32
Chap. IV. Of Springs, Rivers, Fountainsx Water-worksx and Grotto's neceffary for a Garden.
Sea?The Contents.
Sc<£t. 1. Of Springs.	38
2.	Of Rivers. 3.	Of Fountains.	40 43
4. Of Water-works.	46
y. Of Grotto's. r- Chap. V. Of Statues, Obelisks,	
	Dials, and
Other in vegetative Ornaments.	14
L I B. II.	
OP the divers Trees, Flowers, and Plants, that beautifie and adorn a Garden.	f8
Chap. I. Of Trees for Ornament and Shade, fy Sc6t. i. of Winter-Greens.	59
2. Of Variegated or Gilded leafed Plants.' 66 .5.. Of Trees ‘propagated for their beauty andfade.
: 11 ’ 1 ■ I H| v
4. Of the propagating and planting the faid Trees.
7 6
Chap. II. Of Flower-Trees.	78
Scdh I. Of the various kinds of Rofes.	79
2..Of ordering of Rofe-Trees.	85
£. Of divers other Flower-bearing-Trees.	85"
Chap. III. Of bulbous-rooted Flowers. 92 Sett. 1. Of Tulips.	ib.
2. Of Hyacinths and Starfowers.	97
Of Daffodils.	.	98
1 4. Of Lillies. : ^	99
5". Of Saffron Flowers.	101
6. Of feveral other bulbous-rooted Flowers. 102 7. Of the Iris, Bulbous and Tuberofe.	104
Chap.The Contents.
Chap. IV. Of Tuberofe-rooted Flowers. 106 Sed.	Of Anemones....................... ib.
2.	Of Peonies.	Ill
Chap.. V. Of divers other fileft Flowers. 112 1. Of Gillifloivers.I	ib.
.	2.	Of Stock-Gilliflowers, and Wall-ßowerSi .118
3.	0/*Auricula's, Cow flips, andPrimrofes. 122
4.	Of the Lilly of the Väüey andHeüebör. , .124 . y. 0/ the Hepatica/Sent ianeüa,and Dittany. 12 f
Chap. VI. Of Flowers raifed only from Seed.
12 6
Chap. VII. Of fame more •vulgar Flowers.
131
Chap. VIII., Of fuck tender Exotick Trees, Flowers, and Plants, that require the Florifis care to preferve them in Winter. '	132
Sed. 1. Of Perennial Greens and fuch Plants that cannot endure Cold.	1 ? 5
2. Of fuch Plants that leaH endure the Cold. 158
LIB. III.
OF Efculents or Plants for Food.	14 y-
Chap. I. Of fuch Plants that are Perennial or continue over the Tear.	iyo
Chap. II. Of Efculent Roots. *	iy8
Chap. III. Of Beans and Peafe.	170
Chap. IV. Of Cabbages and Cauli-flowers.
Chap. V. Of Melons, Cucumbers, &C. 180 Chap. VI. Of SaUad-herbs.	134
Chap/Thè Gontents.	
t Chip: VII. Of Sweet herbs.	189
Chap. VIII. Of fonte otèer Ejèulent Vtgeta*	
iks.	192
Gh&p lX Of'general Improvements and mi-	
■ Jcellaneous Experiments.	19 y
S©&. i. Of improving Garden ground by labour	
Only.	tbid.
1. Of (tiveral ways of enriching Garden Earth	
by mixtures.	202
• 4. Of Waning Gardens.	211
' 4. Of making hot Beds.	219
• 4. Of MsfceUarteoxs Experiments.- i ■	222
Now added t	
The1 Gardeners Monthly -DirelHottSi	245
January. -	247
February.	249
March.	2*0
April.	2f2
Mayi	2^4
June.	2*6
Juty-	2*7
Auguft;	2J9
September	26r
October.	2 6%
November.	264
December.	266
THEBook L
Syflema Horti culture:
OR,
The Art of Gardening.
Lib. I.
OfGardens of Pland the Solid Ornaments thereof.
TH E Excellency of a Garden is better manifefted by Experience, which is the beft Miftrefs, than indicated by an imperfed Pen ; which can never fufficiently convince the Reader of thojGe tranfcendent Pleafures, that the Owner of a compleat Garden, with its magnificent Ornaments, its ftately Grovtsi and infinite variety of never dying Objetts of Delight, every day enjoys ; Nor how all his Setifes are lariated B	withz	Cbeartof (SatBem'ng. Boofei.
with the great variety of Objets it yields to every of them : Nor what an influence they have Open the Pallions of the Mind, reducing a difcompofècî F2fìcy~ To a more fèdatê temper, by contemplating on thole Miracles of ' Naturç (jardins afford ; deemed Miracles, be-caufe there admired and (frange Forms and ' Effects proceed from occult caulès.
■ The Original of Gardens was from a Divine Hand ; And they allò long fince delighted in by 'tjbe wileft òfjvihgs, and in principal e-fteetn ever fince by the bell of Men : The Heathen dedicated them to Friapus the Son of Venus} and celebrated them as Objects of Admiration and Delight, and left their immortal Names to Poltcricy ; as the Gardens of the He-[pendesy Adonis, Alcinous, &c. The memory of the latter being yet frelh in the Ifle of Corfu, where in a mot delicious Situation it formerly^ was fuppoled to be, as a late Traveller *M Fran-* hat b affi rmed.
cis Ver-	Tàr [aïn thé Prou et, (àRomanKing) thought
eMno place more worthy than his Garden to give Royal So- Audience to an Ambaffador lent unta him : titty, N. And .the Glory and Pride of the Romans in 124* jhe tiene of, their Emperors, was in nothing piorç lcen than in their Gardens, which for the infinite delight they took in them, they dedicated- to Venus their Goddefs of Plealiire, and gloripd more in their Chaplets and Garlands of curious Greens• and Flowers, than our vain ^ontempPtaries now do in theip richeff party-icoioured HabitSiwhmh he that readswhatE/^/ obici-ved of them will readily believe-	TheBookt crje att of $*t3enfn& 5
The learned Dr. Brown in his Trad: of Garlands, takes notice that the life of floWry Crowns and Garlands, is of no {lender1 Antiquity ; for belides the old Greeks and Foinaps; the sAigyytiaris made ufe of them at their Fefti-val Compotations: And that this pradice extended as far as India: For at theFeaft with the? Indian King, it is peculiarly obferved by Pfe/o-firatus, that their Cuftom was to wear Gar-lands, and come crowned with' them to their Feafts.
The ufe of them alfbyvus v^fy frequent arid common, the ends thereof being many j for they wereConvivial, wherein they had refpedr . unto Plants, preventing drankennefs, 6r diC cuffing the exhalations from Wirie. Feftival, their iolemn Feftival Garlands' being made properly unto their Gods,and according contrived from Plants {acted Unto fiich Deities. Sacrificial, which were {elected Under fuch confidera-tions.Honorary Crowns were Triumphal,OV’ary^ Civical, or Obfidional, and had little of Flowers in them, being made generally of Laurels, &c. Fanebrial Garlands, which had little of beauty in them belides Rofes, while they made them of Myrtle, Rofemary/ &c, under fymbolical Intimations. But our florid and purely ornamental Garland^, delightful unto Sight and Smell, ; not framed according to myftical and {ymbolical Confiderations, are of more free eledion j and fe may be made to excel thofe of the Ancientsi We having China, India, and a New World to fiipply tls'j B i	- ' - fe#-'€6e m	Booki.
befides the great diftin&ion of Flowers unknown unto Antiquity, and the varieties hereof arifing from Art and Nature.
The Italians, in the time of their ancient Glory,thought no Palace nor Habitation corn-pleat without its Garden, on which they (pared for no coft; as well in their forming them, as for the naturalizing feveral exotic Plants they brought from Africa, and other foreign places. Which Gardens they have from Age to Age (b improved, that it is now become it (elf the Garden of the World. And as Architecture, that (plendid Art, hath (pread it (elf with other Sciences, into thele Northern Climates, (b hath the Art of Gardening been handed along with it, as though the former were imperfect without die latter. The Glory of the French Palaces, fo often reprefented to our Englijh eyes in Sculpture, are adorn'd with their beauteous Gardens before them ; which wanting, they would (eem without luftre or grandeur.
Neither is there a noble or plea (ant Seat in England, but hath its Gardens rorPleafure and Delight; fcarce an ingenuous Citizen that by his confinement to a Shop, being denied the priviledge of having a real Garden, but hath his Boxes, Pots, or other receptacles for Flowers, Plants, &c. in imitation of it: What Curious Representations of Banquets of Fruits, Flower-pots, Gardens, and (iich like, are painted to the Life, to pleafe/the eyes, and fadsfie the fancy of (iich, that either cannot obtain
the5
Book i %i)t act of ^arnem'tts;*
the felicity of enjoying them in reality, or to fupply the defeat the Winter annually brings.?
So that we may without vanity conclude, that a Garden of pleafent Avenues,Walks,Fruits, Flowers, Grots, and other Branches fpringing from it, well compoled, is the only compleat and permanent inanimate objedfc of delight the World affords, ever complying with our various and mutable Minds, feeding us, and fupplying our Fancies with daily Novels.
All curious pieces of Architecture,Limning, Painting, or whatever elle that leem plealant to the eye or other lenles at firft fight or ap-prehenfion, at length become dull by too long acquaintance with them. But the plealures of a Garden are every day renewed with the approaching Aurora.
While with fucceeding Floors the year is crown'd,
Whofe fainted Leaves enamel all the ground j Admire not them, hut with more grateful Eyes ■
To Heaven look, and their great Maker prize.
In a calm Night the Earth and Heaven agree,
There fadiant Stars, here brighter Flow'rs we fee. Gardens, as if immortal ner decay,
And fading Flow’rs to fejher fill give way. Rapinus,
Such is its pre-excellency, that there is fcarce a Cottage in moll of the Southern parts of England, but hath its proportionable Garden, lo great a delight domoft of men take in it $ that they may not only pleale themfelves with the B 3	view6	■ W ..8tt Of	Book I
view of the Flowers, Herbs , and Trees, as they grow $ but furnifli themfelves and their Neighbors upon extraordinary occafions $ as Nuptials, Feafts, and Funerals, with the proper products of their Gardens.
. ■Flowers in many things convenient are3 ■ Qnr Tables3 and our Cupboards we prepare JVith them; and better to diffuse their fcent3 Wd place them in our Rooms for Ornament.
I By yrhers into Garlands they are wrought j - -^And Jo for Offerings to the Altars brought. {Sometimes to Princes Banquets they ajcend3 gapinus. t .And-.to their Tables fragrant Odours lend.
.. It fumifhes our Kitchin and Tables with various Efculents, as well fadsfying Nature, as pleafing our Appetites; it yields us various Spirits, Eliences, Perfumes, Waters, Unguents, GonfervQs,' Preferves, and many other necef fary, ufeful, and plealant diedcal, and medicinal Gurionties, which the lame Rapinus hath elegantly. exprelTed in his Poems on the fame Sub/e&, and at laft concludes;
I Jhould too tedious be3 if I (hould Jihg
The mighty aids which Herbs and Flowers bring
To the Dijeafes Men are fubjeff to :
Tor thefe the Gods with Vertue did endue.
CHARBook t. %\)Z 3ft Of
7
CHAP. I.
.■• j	;;:*r •	. v*::]•>
Of the Scituation and Soyls of a Qix^ den, and theirImprove went, . ivrf 1	'	■ M	y^Eifi
SpCT.t I.
j Of the Scituation of a Garden.«	bv
IT mayleern needlels to lay any thing of the Scituation of a' Garden, it being lb ' iablolute a Concomitant to yourHabita-{ion, that a-Garden remote or by it lelfy is neither plealant nor ufeful. Therefore whenever your Houle is, inear it muft be youPGW-den. i.
But in iCafe you have not yet laid the-Foundation of your intended Refidehce’; then may you conlider what Ground or Soyl is belt for your Plantation and Partirre, without which you can never make the other compleat. : Therefore'as near as you can, let the Soyl be good, deep, and Iighty that Trees and Til-lage may prolper in it* and then you need not queltion but Flowers Will thrive there: Let it have the free and open Air to the East B 4	and*	HUZtt	.Booki.
and South, but the Soutb-Eaft is to be preferred, and the North defended by tall Trees,
' which are better than Hills, which give too great a reflection of Heat in the Summer, and impede the cool Breezes that frequently come out from that Coaft. If the whole Garden be . at fomediftance defended by tall Trees, it will very much break the fierce Winds, and lerene Airs, that in the Winter and Spring ufually annoy the molt delicate Plants and •Tlowers, and will alfoyielda cooling, refreshing, Tweet, and healthy Air and Shade, in the hotteft Seafons.
If the Soyl be dry and warm, a plain Le-yel is beft for a Garden, but if it be cold or moift, then declining or flielving towards the Sun, is the beft pofidon; becaufe by Fofifes, or by the Walks, only, the Water naturally glides from it. And in fiich a Garden, Trees, Plants, and Flowers, will thrive exceedingly.
Thefe Rules are good where you are to make your election, what fort of ground, and where you defignyour Seat: I might have al-fo added, the fprings of Water in or near your Garden, are great. additions to the Improvement, Beauty, and Glory of it, but that ids hoped few will feat themfelves where that E-lement is wanting; unlels it he for theiakeof iome pleafant Grove, ProfpeCt, or delicate Air, Woods and Water, being two of the beft Ornaments of the Seat, which may be had in moft places, together with a good Air j but feldom Water and a. good ProlpeCh IfBook i. %\)t art of If you are fixed or limited to a place or fcituation, that puts an end to Ele&ion, and then you are to confider the Nature of the Soyl you are on, what it is apt to produce* how to be corre&ed and improved.
SECT. II.
Of the different, and tnojl natural Soyls for Gardens.
LAnds are ufiially inclinable to Loam 3 Clay, Chalk, Marie, or Sand.
A Loamy Land is ufually free, and apt to Vegetation, warm and eafie to Till, the ladder the Colour the better; if it be free from Stones and Gravel, with a fandy mixture and mellow withal, it is efteemed the beft for Gar* dens i for the moft forts of Fruits and Flowers.
There is much Land that is mixed with Clay in too great a proportion, which maketh it apt to bind, and is cold and moift in the Winter feafon, retaining wet too much, and apt to chap in the Summer; it is injurious tq moft Fruits and Flowers, and therefore hath moft need of help of any other.
Chalky Land is generally very fweet, and kind to many Plants that are not very tender, it being cold in the Winter, and fuffers not its Plants to put forth early in the Spring; it is
notC6e	Book I.
not difficult ‘ to be corre&ed, and made more natural to the chtoiceft Fruits and Flowers.
Marie is a very good mixture- in Land, lo that it be not in too great a quantity, it being much of the nature of Chalk, but eafier to be tilled and improved.
■Sandy Land is very warm and free, very apt for Vegetation, and amicable to moft of our choiceft Fruits and Flowers; but if the Sand predominate,' it will require a conftant Bn of proper Soy Is'to enrich it. I
SECT. III.
Of the Improvement of fuck Soyls.
THere are many parcels of Land ly ing near Towns, Villages; and Houles, that are of that excellent mixture of Loaln, and other Earths, that they are capable to entertain moft 6f the delicate Fruits, Flowers, and other Cu-riofities, that are fit to be planted or propagated in your beft Partirs, without any other mixture or compofition, other than convenient dung of Oxen, Gows, Sheep, Pullen, Pidgeons, and lometimes old and rotten Horfe-dung, to prelerve it in its due and wonted fertility ; it being by continual weeding, and the attraction of thePlantsyoufumilhiit withal,apttofterilize. So that where your ground is thusnaturally fertile and prone to vegitate, you need take31
Book t c&e &tt of ^articmnn:« no other care than to apply proper S03 I3 or Compofitions, according as the nature of your Plan t requires,or to maintain it in its full vigour,
Claiy Land being cold, moift, and ftilf, is to be converted by labour, and mixtures of a contrary nature; if you dig it often, the Sun, Rain, and Froft will make it more friable and fertile: For take Clay, and lay it on any other Land, it will in time diffolve, and unite in minute parts with it, that you Ihall hardly difcern it 5 lb allb it will be much altered by culture on its own Bafts, the wet being carefully drawn from it by declining Canals for that purpofe, Water being the only thing that maintains its ftubborn nature, if it reft on it.
But to accelerate the operation, and make it Ipeedily more benign ; Sand is an excellent Ingredient, efpecially that taken up in the bottoms of Rivers, or where hafty currents have left it at the foot of Hills, or Sea-fand where it may be had. Any old Thatch or corrupted Vegetables, as Weeds, Fern, &c. buried in the Trenches as you digit,drains the wetfrom it, and makes it more mellow. But above a-ny thing, Peat-aftes, Turf-allies, or any Allies proportionably, and well mixed, is the high-eft Improvement, you can add to your cold, ftiff, and moift Land. There are feveral cither Additions that will improve it, as Rotten-wood, Saw-duft, the bottoms of Piles of Wood great and Imall; but thefe being not to be had in any great quantity, will lerve only in thefe Beds, where you intend to plant
youre Clje at* of tfattienfttg» Book i.
your choiceft Flowers; but Chalk , Lime , Marie, and fuch like, although they fweeten it at the fird, yet in the end it unites with the Clay, and is foon converted into its own nature.
Chalky Land dually yields a good rich fur-face, therefore you mud avoid planting too deep in it, and where you can with conveni-ency, the finking your Walks, and with the fame matter to raife your Borders, is a very good Improvement of this fort of Land. You may alfo deal with it, as with the Claiy Land, though in a more moderate way, for Chalky Land is naturally cold, and therefore requires warm Applications; and is alfo fad, and will the better bear with light Gompofts, which is the reafon that Chalk is fo great an improver of light, hot, and dry Grounds, elpecially having differed a Calcination.
Lands feated on Marie, are ufoally very rich, although cold and heavy; you need not doubt of the depth of it: for the turning it up, and expofing it to the Air, converts it into good Earth; a mixture of light and warm Soyl exceedingly advantages it.
Sandy Lands, or Land that hath a competent mixture of Sand in it, is the warmed and lighted of all, and according to its fatnels; it is the mod free and apt to produce the mod of Vegitables you plant in it. Sandy Lands are bed improved by mixture of Chalk, Lime, Marie, the fediments of Ponds, Lakes, or danding Waters, and need a more condant
fopplyBook i. €#e act of ®atnemitff. ^
funply of fuch Additions than any other, unleft you have the command of lome Spring or Stream of Water to irrigate: it, and prevent the Suns exhaling the moifture it fo eafily parts withal, for we may conftantly obferve in rainy Summers, what vaft products Sandy Land will afford us, compared with the dry. The lame you will find in your Gardens, but the hot Dungs are here to be neglected, and the more cooling made ufe of
The beft for light Sandy-land, is Cbw-durig, being cool and fat.
Some Plants delight in moift and boggy Lands, and where the Scituation of the Garden will not afford a Natural Bogg, an Artificial may be made, if you have the command of a Spring to feed it, or that you draw not water very deep to moiften it often by hand; it may be made by digging a large Pit in fuch place you think moft convenient, where if the Earth be not tenacious enough to detain the moifture required, you may line the bottom and fides with Clay well temper’d and trodden down, and fill it v/ith Earth taken from a Bogg; in which being duely watered by lome fmall current Led thereto, or by frequent irrigations, your curious Aquatics may be propagated as well as in the Natural.
There are feveral other forts of Land, that are known by feveral other Names, which I might here enumerate, but thefo being the general, and moft Lands falling under lome or one of tnefo capacities, I ihall not trouble you with the.:-,berebrevity beingmy ftudy. But%\yz 8t*t df <S5atdem'!t0;* Book l But if your Lands or Grounds within the precinct of your Garden , be fomewhat of a different nature or quality from thejfe before mentioned, yet may thoie general directions, as concerning that Land it is neareft of Nature unto, fèrve for your Land. And if you have any Trees, Plants, or Flowers, that delight in Land different from the more general part of your Plantation, then may you compound your Mould in fome place proper for liich Plant ; directions for which you will find difperfed in this Jfocceedirtg TraCt, elpecially when I come to treat of Efculents..
CHAP. II.
Of the Form of a Garden , and its Fencing and Enclofing.
SECT. I.
Of the Form of a Garden.
AS before was oblerved concerning the Scituation0 fo now may it be as to the Form, that if ye are already limited and bounded, by reafon of the Scitu-
ation\
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F. H. Veux. Houe fee:
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i ation of your Houfe, and the contiguous, parts i about your intended Plantation, you muft caft it into as good a Form and: Model as you can, : but if you are at liberty, then may you make i your Election of what Form pleafeth you beft.
The Round is very pleaiant, and lome cu-i rious Gardens there are of that Form in For-i reign Parts. The Walls about fiich a Garden, are very good for Fruit, the Winds being not fbfe-vere againft a Round, as againft a ftreight Wall. The Walk alfb that circundates that Garden is not unpleafant, for that you may walk as long as you pleafe in it, always forwards without a-ny Ihort turning; lome ftreight Walks there may be, that tend from the Circumference to the Centre. The feveral Quadrants may be fubdivided and planted with Fruits; the Bor* dersof the round Walk, and the crofs Walks be* ing fufficient for Flowers and Plants of Beauty and Delight. At the Centre of this Garden, may be placed a Fountain, or in defeat of water a Banquetting Houfe, or Houfe of Pleasure.
A rude Draught of fuch a Form is here presented to your View, theoutermoft Walk being adorned with Cyprefs Trees, theTnner parts of the Graft-Plats with Firr Trees, and the Quadrants within the lefter Circle, planted with variety of Fruit-Trees, and the principal Walks round and ftreight, bordered with Flowers, and delightful Shrubs and Plants. ,
Encom palled with a Pallifade in the Centre of > 'our Garden, is a Fountain of Spring-waterif	c&eartof	Bookl.
ter always flowing, ferving not only to refrefh the Spirits of fiich that delight in the fight of it, but is neceflary in dry and hot Sealbns, to preferve your choiceft Plants from Injury.
* The Square is the moft perfe<5fc and plealant Form that you can lay your Garden into, where your Ground will afford it; every Walk that is in it being ftreight, and every Plant and ' Tree ftanding in a dired Line, reprefents it to your Eye very pleafing. The delight you take in walking in it, being much the more as you are lels careful: For when you walk in a Round or Circle, you are more fiibjed to trefpals on the Borders, without continual Thoughts and Obfervation of your Ground.
You may divide the Plot you intend for your Gardens into three parts, by Walls or Pal* lifades: The middle part may be (ub-divided into Gravel-walks, Grals-plots, edged with Borders, planted with your moft feled Plants, Shrubs, and Flowers.
If your partition Fences onthe fides be Walls, there may be railed the choiceft Wall-fruits; thole that require moft heat, on the moft Hinny fide; and Fruits that require but little, on the moft fhady, as Cherries and Plumbs will thrive where there is not much of the Sun ; and Currants flourilh moft where there is all Shade ; under fiich Walls, that moft plealant Fruit the Rasberry delights to grow, it being a Fruit wherewith that Northern cold Territory of Lapland abounds.
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But if your Partition-fences be of Pallifades, they may be adorn’d with perennical Greens* and other hardy Shrubs , and Flower-bearing Trees.
The other two parts s you may convert the one of them into an Orchard, the o-ther into a Kitchin-G^rJew, which will be no' finall Advantage or Ornament to your Seat, and middle Garden of Pleafiire*
But if you are willing to celebrate Co fair a fpot of Ground, as the whole Square, to the delights of Flora J then may you divide it into larger Squares, and Grafs-plots, leaving only Borders on their confines for your variety of Plants*
The new mode of Gravel-walks arid Grafs-plots , is fit only for fiich Houles or Palaces, that are fcituated near Cities, and great Towns j although they are now become Prefidents for many lfately Country Refidencies, where they have banilh’d out of their Gardens Flowers, the Miracles of Nature, and the beft Ornaments that ever were dilcovered to make a Seat pleafant* But it’s hoped that this newy ulelefs, and unpleafant Mode, will like many other Vanities grow out of Faflrion.
A Draught of the Iquare Garden I hâve herd given you, which may be varied as every Designer plealeth ; each principal Walk is bordered with Flowers ; each principal Corner with Flower-pots, and the middles of the greater Squares with Statues. The farther end feh-«ed with â Palïilàde, that the prolpeét of theC&e 3ct of <£atöeitfag, Booki. adjacent Orchard may not be loft ; where now the Statues ftand, if Water be to be obtained, Fountains would be placed with more delight.
The infinite variety of Forms that might be drawn and here reprefented to you, would but encreale your Charge ; when perhaps e-1 very Builder may better plealè himlèif in the lhape and contrivance of his Garden, better than any other can do for him.
But thele few Rules are not amiß to be observed, viz,. That you endeavour to make the principal Entrance into your Garden , out of the belt Room in your Houle, or very near it, your Walks being places of Divertiiement after a ledentary repaft. The Aromatick O-dors, they yield pleafant Refrelhments after a groß Diet ; fuch innocent Exercifès being the belt digeftive to weak Stomacks. Let there be Iònie ether Door into your Garden ; for •Gardeners, Labourers, &c. And let your principal Walk extend it (elf as far as you can in length, direftly from your Houle, Adorned with the choice!! Plants for Beauty and Scent, and that there may be a Succeffion of them through the Year, not without Flower-plots, which grace the belt of Gardens.
If your Ground you intend for a Garden, lye on the fide of a Hill, your Walks may be made the one above the other, and be as Terraces the one to the other ; the declining fides of them, being either of Grals alone, or plan-Book r/ cfje 8rt or ^actiemnff*	i$
If your Houfe Hand.on the fide of a Hill, and; you muft make your Garden either above it, or below it, then make your Garden below it, .for) it is much morepleafant to view a Garden under the Eye, than above it, and to de-fcend into a Garden, and afcend into a Houfe, than on the contrary.
As for all other Forms and Scituations of Ground above your' Houfe, you muft vary your Models according to the place.
SECT. II.
Of Fences and fnclofures to a Garden.
TT 7 Hen you havedifeovered the beft Land,
VV and pleafed. your felf with the com-pleateft Form you can imagine for your Garden ; yet without a good Fence, to preferve it from feveral Evils that ufually annoy it, your labour is but loft. Your Fences muft be con* fidered of according to the place you refide in, and nature of the Soyl, and is either of Brick, or Stone, of Earth, Pale, Pallifade, or Quick-fetts.
Of all which thb Brick-Wall is the the beft, r. of it being the warmeft (except Board) and very Brick: dry and con natural to Fruit. Arid, where Wa3ii~ Brick are plenty,, it is not a dear Fence, con-iidering that their Form much! accelerates the railing your Wall, and their even Joynts re*
C z	quirea©	Cl)c art of ^atuenftts:; i$m l
quire but little Mortar.? You may alfo make the Wall much thinner with Brick/ than any, other Material, (Square. Stone only excepted) becaufe you may make Nieches at a reafonable Diftance, or Square Pillafters on both Tides, or only one fide, which will fiipport the Wallj al*i though very thin in the Intervals: This Wall heeds ho other Coping, than Bricks, let on edge Tide-ways without any over-hanging or dripping, as hath been ufed.
By which means of building them thin in the Intervals, with Nieches or Pillafters, at fit diftances and flender copings, almoft half the materials are Taved BaWH building of them, and inoft of the workmanfhip.
Thefe Walls are very kind to Fruits, under which they bear abundantly: The Nieches and Pilafters conduce very much to the breaking off the cold Winds, and fhelter the Fruit from them*
2.0/ Next unto the Brick, Stone-walls are prefer-stont. red, the fquare hewn Stone out of the Quarry, WaUs- efpecially Sand or Free-ftone is the belt, the Cold white Stone like unto Chalk, or Lime-ftone is not fo good. The rough Heath-ftorie or Biirre is very dry and warm, but by its un-evennefs is unconvenient to tack Trees againft, ? unlefs you difperfe here and there in the building fbme final! Squares of Timber, or Brickbats, in-the Joynts whereof Nails will enter and take.- Flints are very cold and uneven Joynted,- and therefore the worft of all Stone for a Gardtn Fence. I H ■
All21
Book l €tje art of ^atOentitgr;
All Stone Walls muft be well coped, left wetinfinuates it (elf between the Stones, and decay it' in a little time. A coping of Tyle is the beft, ft made to carry off the drip 3 or 4 inches from the Wall.
In many places where Stone is dear, and 3. of Walls Brick force, and Lime and Sand not near,»/Exrth. Walls are often made by a Compoft of Earth, and Straw tempered with it. This Earth muft be either of a clayifh nature, or have a little mixture of Clay in it; it muft be well wrought and mixed with long Dung or Straw, which ferves to hold it together until it be throughly dry; and then according to the skill of the Work-man, wrought up into a Wall, and covered with Thatch, being not able to bear a more weighty Coping..
Thefe Walls well wrought* and well coped and prelerved dry, will laft. many years, and very warm and kind to Fruits, that is, to fiich that are extent to be humble, thele Walls being rarely buik high.
In the building thefe-Walls,pieces of Wood, or hooks of Iron ought to be placed in;, at convenient diftances,, ftanding three or four inches without the Wall, to which Poles or Rails are to be faftned, and to them your Fruit-trees, there being no tacking T^ees to the WaUit felf.
This way of Fencing is much ufed in feme parts,. apd iomewhat relembles the French way of making Walls for Fruit; for what-ever they are made of,they are plaftered over,and hooks C 3	of**	۔je att of ^amctunc:* fooll
of Iron or Sheeps lhank-bones placed irii the building of the Wallat feme convenient di--fiance to affix the Pole4 unto, as in the final! Frenck piece called the Planters Manual» adapted only for that Countrey, may be oblerved. Alio Rafinm at large delcribes the making of that Wall, and both of them prelcribe the plaiftering of themf as well to deltroy the vermin that would otherwife fhelter themfelves in the rotten cavities of thole Mud-Walls, as to accelerate the maturation of your Fruits.
So that here in England where other Materials are Icarce, and fuch a ftiff Loam in the place, thefe Mud-walls may prove beneficial,
. riot only' for lecurity, warmth, and privacy, but for the advancement and melioration of your fruits, more elpccially if Lime be not wanting to make a Piailler to cover it after that French mode.
It is not improbable that a mixture of Loam, Lime, Sand and Gravel, or fmall Sand-ftones, may by being railed between two Planks, and lb by degrees to the height of a Wall, and then well defended by à light coping, make a very good and durable Fence and Shelter for your bell Fruits. ; This leems to be the lamé way thar Pliny mentions. • The Walls to be made in his time, which then had continued many Years, and not impaired, refilling all weathers ; he mentions Turrets and Sconces to have been made after this manner, Ltb. 3 y.
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Good oaken Timber fawn into Pales make 8fjB| a very good Fence, and not dear where that ra Timber is plenty : Next unto Oak, Fir, or Deal Boards will ferve ; but fearce any other Board will endure the mutability of the weather long.
Thefe Boards ought to be well feafon’d, elfe will they Ihrink and chap exceedingly, which will be inconvenient, as well by rendring your lolitary Walks lefs private, as by admitting cold breezes to your tender Fruits j but in cafe your Board do not meet in the dryeftand hotted: Seafens; you may add a fmall Battin to each Interval, fixt to each Rail by Nails between the Boards, that the fwelling and /hrinking of the Board may not injure the Battin.
Thefe boarded Fences are the warmeft for your tender Fruits, and maturates them beyond any other; but being fubjedt to decay, are not repairable withouc damage to your Trees.
I have already mentioned the moft princi- $. of Pit. pal, and beft Fences for the outfides of your Garden, for privacy, fecurity, and advantage to your Fruits. There are yet other necelTary Fences, for the cantoning or dividing your Garden into lefler parts, for the feveral ufes you defign them for, or for the fecurity of fome particular parts of your Garden, or Fruits or Flowers, from the hands of every one that may otherwife have liberty or occasion to' walk there : yet not to impede or diminilh C 4	the*4	CTjc art 0f ^arnenm^ Book %
the plealure it* viewing thofe objects of de-Jight thus defended.
Thele open Fences are made of board of a-b°ut three or four inches broad, and three or four foot long, either nailed to., or Jet tho-row two Rails, with heads cut either round, pr like a Lance, and painted white with Linseed Qyl, and white Lead , two or three tildes over, to make them endure the weather.
But the heft material to make thefe Palli-iades withal is Iran, fo framed as are the Iron Balconies in Londm j lave only that thele appear above the Rails with Iquare painted heads, which leem molt beautiful; by realon that Flowers and other delightlom Plants appear ft) plain through them. This Fence is alio per-inament and needs no repair.
In imitation whereof, there is newly made in lome few Gardtns a Pallilade of Boards, of about three or four inches broad ; which as before were let flat-wile, each place in the* Pallilade, is now let edge-wife, the upper Rail running through each Pale, and the foot cut with an Ox Mouth, and let on an Arras Rail, either near the ground, or reftingon aground-pinning of Brick* The head of each Pale is about three or four inches above the upper Rail, divided into two parts, the middle vacancy being about one third part of the whole breadth, the two e^tream parts for about four or five, inches, being cut with Iquare pyramidal points* do very much relemble thole V	madeBook t c&e att of tfamtifttg; H
made of Iron. As you ftand againft them they appear open, and every thing very con-fpicuous through them like the Iron ; but as you view them obliquely they appear full, only their fharp heads more open and not un-pleafant. Thele Pallifades, although they require fomewhat more Timber and Workman-fnip than the ordinary fort, yet are by far the more compleat and beautiful, every motion of your Body from its place, begetting a variety in the objed.
Thele open Fences are much more pleafant andufeful in your Partirsand inward Gardens, than dole Walls; for thele prevent not your view of the whole, nor hinder the free Air from your Plants, which is as nfeceffary in feme degree as warmth, which Ought -to be obtained from Shelters arid Fences at a diftance, not by too great a reverberation of heat, and Billing in the Summer for want of Air, either of which proves fatal to moft Flowers. ;
Gardens are oftentimes fecur’d by quick Fen- 6. of ces, whereof *the moft eafie to propagate is that of the white Thorn, which being wellFencts' planted in double, treble, or more Chefts or Rows of Plants, and kept weeded and defended for three or four years, will thrive very well in moft forts of Land j and being kept clipp’ds Peer’d, or cut with a fharp hook, will grow fo thick that a Bird cannot find its way through, and that from the ground to fix or feven foot high ; and proves a very great Security againft bad Weather, evil Neighbors,$$	.	®8e att fif ®atiienftt& Book t
and Gattel; but is a fhelter for Snails, and o-ther Vermin that will conftantly annoy your belt Plants, and are not therefore to be planted near your Partir, wherein you plant your beft Blowers.
A Quick Hedge of Holly is the moft beautiful,and moft compa<5t of any; but the tediouC nefs of its growth is enough to di(courage any man from attempting its propagation, its Seed . being two years before they appear above the ground, and its Plants long before they let you know of their like or diflike of the Soil.
Tyracantha planted for a Fence, proves very ftrong by reafon of its (harp Thorns, and ftubborn Branches. Sweet-bryar alio is very good, and makes a fragrant Fence ; but the White-thorn will not give way to either of them, being eafily propagated, moft tonfile of any, durable, of a delicate colour, and early appearing in the Spring.
CHAP.Book l mjc art of Gfct&ettfofc

CHAP. III.
Of the Walk?, Arbors, and Places of Repofey in Gardens.
IT is not the leaft part of the Pleafures of a Garden, to walk and refrelh your lelf either with your Friends or Acquaintance, or elie alone retired from the cares of the World, or apart from Company that fometimes may prove burthenfom to you, and when your own Laflitude, or the Heat, Rain, or Icorching beams of the Sun, render the o-pen Walks unpleafant, to repole your felf under lome plealant Tree j or in fome Covert or Shade, until you are willing to try the Air again.
SECT. I.
Of Walks, and Materials for them.
WHerefore to accommodate you for all i. Stone-Sealons wet or dry, hot or cold, it is Wallis. convenient to have Walks and Places of Repole in your Garden, As for Walks, thebeft
for ■$8	Slje $tt öf ®aröettftt£. Bbok t
for the Winter and wet Seafbns are thofe paved with Stone, about the breadth of five foot in the midft of a Gravel-walk, of about five or fix foot Gravel on eaqh fide the Stone, or of Graß, which you pleafe, for on thefe flat Stones may you walk fecurely under-foot in all Weathers, without prejudice to yoiir felfor Walks.
2. Gravel. Next unto the paved Stone are the Gravel-Walks.	walks to be preferred , which if made with a
fine skreened red Gravel, do very much a-dorn your Garden ; and being laid round, and kept rolled with a Stoiie-foler, caft off the Water, and are very ufeful in moift Weather to walk on.
The Gravel-walks are beft under yoiir Fruit-walks, becaufe the beams or rays of the Sun re-fled from them againft the Walls, much better than from Grafs, and very much'advantage your Fruit.
The great in conveniences thefe Walks are fubjed unto, are Weeds and Moiflurc: To prevent the Weeds, you muff be fare to remove all manner of Earth dean fromtheplace before you bring in your Gravel; and in cafe the Earth be not ftiff enough of it felf, it would not be amiß to fupport the Tides- with two or three courfes of Brick, or at leafta Brick fet on end edge by edge, to prevent the falling in, pi* mixture of the laid Earth with your Gravel y yet fa that the .üpper part of your Brick puy be an inch beneath the fuiface of your Walk, that it may not be difeerned. If your
Ground tBook l %1$ act of ®atöem'nö‘	29
Ground be good and apt to run to Weeds*' leven or eight inches deep ought your Gravel to lie, left the Weeds find their way through 3 you ought alfo to cleanle the Ground under, from the Roots of Graß, Weeds, as Nettles , Docks, &c. leaft they find their way' through the Gravel. You may fill your Walk with ordinary coarle unskreened Gravel five or fix inches, and after that is levelled, then lay on your laft Courle of fine Gravel, and roll it well: if your upper Courle of Gravel be two or three inches thick, and at anytime your Walk grow dilcolöured or molly, you may ftir it with a Spade as far as the fine Gravel lyes, and finely rake it, then roll it a-gain, and it will appear to be as frelh as at the firft.
The other inconvenience thele Walks are fubjed unto is Moifture, elpecially after a Froft, which very much loolens the Gravel, and long loaking Rains make it apt to ftick to your Feet : For the belt red Gravel hath a mixture of Clay or Loam in it, which makes it in dry weather bind the better ; to prevent which, leveral Expedients are lately made ule of: Some do grind or beat finall the Ihels of Filh gathered on the Sea-fiiore, and therewith add a thin coat on the Gravel, which by eon-ftant rolling incorporates with it, and is not apt to adhere to yourShooes, as is the Gravel it lelf. Others that live near to Brick-kilns, make ule of the refule parts of Bricks that are under-burnt, which will eafdy pulverize, and'££"	Cöe act Of «atöetlftte:. Book I.
lay that on the Gravel-walks, which prevents the fame inconvenience, and adds much to the beauty of your Walk, and is eafily renewed as there is occafion.
• On the edge of your Gravel-walks, you may lay oh each fide a narrow Walk of Turf for your ufe in hot weather ; or when you are; willing to favour your Feet or your Gravel, which being kept out ftrait on the edges, beautifies your Gravel.
But if you will have your Walk only Gravel, ■ then will it be neceffary to edge it with Brick three or four inches above the furface, to prevent Earth or Rubbifli from intermixing with it; Bricks let on one end fide by fide, is the lecureft and moft lafting way for this purpofe.
Gmn	Walks of Grafs are very pleafant, and much
Wal^s. to be preferred in the Summer to any of the other, being cold and eafie to the Feet. They are either made byvlaying them with Turf, or by raking them fine, and lowing them with Hay-duft or Seed (which may be had at the bottom of a Hay-mow or Rick) and well ro-led and weeded from all grofs Weeds, will fbon become a fine Grals-walk; if thele Walks alio be laid a little rounding, they will call of the water the better, and be more commodious for your ule than if flat.
- A Water-table on each fide, of two or three inches deep, cut every year anew, not only receives the wafte water, but prelerves the Grals or Weeds from mixing with your Borders (Book ï. c&e Set of	If
ders, and prefents your Walk much more pleafant to your eye, than if it were other-wife.
To deftroy Weeds in the Gravel-walks, or paved Walks, where you cannot conveniently eradicate them, you muft water it with very fait Water, or with the Liquor they have at the Salters, which they call Bittern, which abfolutely deftroys all Vegetation, where it is caft in an indifferent good quantity-
• It is none of the leaft obledfcations a Garden 4. of Tie-affords, to have Terrace-walks, on which you ^ have the benefit of the Air, and profped on your Garden. Thefe in former Ages (and now alfb in more hot Countries) were much celebrated , the Hortifenfiles or Pendant-gardens, were after this manner made above the ordinary level, for. the advantage of the Air, and pleafiire of the Eye, and fomewhat to add to the magnificence of the Place, being very beautiful as well as commodious.
They are ufiially made where much Earth or Rubbifh is to {pare, which would coft time and labour to remove ; and here is dilpofed of to advantage, with the only expence of a Wall on the out-fide to fiipport it ; or if you pleafe on both ; but the inner fide to your Garden may be made declining, and cloathed with Turf. The Wall on the out-fide fur-mounting the top of the Walk about three foot, and on the edge towards your Garden may be fet a Rail or Rail and Eallifiers, or a
Palli-CBe $rt of 0at*&emnff* Book I. Pallilade , or a quick tonfile Hedge of about the fame height the Wall is of , that neither fide prevent the Air, nor impede your Pro-fpe&_
In lome Gardens where water is at your command,, the finking of an Aquaeduft, or Pifcary, will afford you Materials for your Terrace-walk } both of which are beft and moll proper to be made at the fartheft diftance from your Houle.
SECT. If.
Of Arlors, and Places of Repofe.
TO make your Garden pleafent at all times,, and in all leafans, either in refpeft of the great variety of weather, or your own di-Ipofition or indilpofition y it will be very ne-ceffary to accommodate it with places of Shade, to skreen you from the fcotching Sun-beams,• Canopies to prelerve you from the Rain, and Boxes to lechide you from the too cold Breezes: That although you are not willing to expole your lelf too much in the intemperate Air, or your prefent inability or unaptnefs for a Walk be fuch, that you cannot with delight enjoy it, yet that you may not lole thole exhi-lerating Pleafures your Garden molt times affords.Book! %\)zart of ®ai3Dçtnn&	\i
For cool Receffes in the, hotteft times, it i* of Art hath been ufual toured or frame Arbors with"®"' Poles or Jlods, and plant them about with fha-r dy Trees, which are an Ornament to feme Gardens ; but to be rejected, i. Becaufè they require much repair, and care to preierve them ; for in your Garden of Pleafure you ought to be frugal of coft and pains $ left ÿôuf Delights become occafions of Prodigality, and your Recreations burtheniome to you. • i. Be-caule the Seats are apt to be moift and foul, it being apt to impair your health to fit on a cold Seat, Salubrity being one of the advantages expedited from a Garden. 3. After a fhower in the Summer, is the pleafânteft time to recreate your Senfès amongft your odorousPlants, and then this place of recels is wholly ulelelsj the dripping continuing long after the ihower.
4. The uliial cool breezes that you will lètifi-bly feel in thole Arbors to your prejudice, balance all the conveniences you can exped from them.
But if the Weather and time of the day invite you to fit in thé Air without inconvenience, a Seat under the Ihade of lome Plata-mts, Un-Tree3 or the like, is much more plea-fant, than to be Hood-winked in an Arbor.
You may have a Seat made of thin and light	0t
Materials, and painted with a white colour s'eatl in Oyl, or as beft pleales your fancy, which may be moveable with a little help, and placed Ibmetimes in one place, and Ibmetimes in
d	n34
ttôe art at «atneitfitg. Book i.
another, as the weather happens. This Seat may be made clofe behind, and covered, that being let with the back to the Wind, will be both warm and dry.
In the Nieches of your Wall may you place Seats covered over, that you may reft your (elf in at your pleafure : At the ends of your Walks are the moft proper places for fuch Seats, that whilft you fit in either of them, you have the view of your Garden.
The beft Form for thele Seats is round, the one lèmicircle within the Wall, the other without with a Cupulo3 the outward part to be (up-ported by three or four , or more columns of Timber or Stone, the other part refting on the Wall, the top covered with Lead, Slate or Shingle, with its due Cornilh about that part that is off from the Wall.
Or you may make them of a long (quare Form, about two Foot in thê Niech of the Wall, and as much without, covered as the round, but calling the drip fide*waysor backward.
Having lèverai of thefe Seats facing to each Coaft, be the Wind or Sun either way , you have a place to defend your lelf from it.
You may alio cover your Benches or Stools with Mat, and lay the Floors with Board, which will much conduce to your own eafe and health.
$ Of Plea- Arbors, Benches, and Seats are very necef-fun-bofaryjxing prelent expedients for them that are . weary ; but that which crowns the plealiire
ofBooki/ €&e act of tefoertittiy* m
of a Garden, is a place of repbfe , whehS-nei^ ther Wind, Rain, Heat, nor Gold Can annoy'
y0U.	::..	.	'	■ - -.. -
This fittall Edifice , ufually term’d a Plea-'-fure-houfe, or Banquetting-houie,may baniade' at lbme remote Angle of ybur Garden: For' the more remote it is from your Houfev the; more private will you be from the frequent' difturbariees of your Farnily or Acquaintance,, and being made at an Angle, part within your ’
Garden, and part without, .you will have the priviledges and advantages of Air and Viewy which otherwife you will want, and which render it much more pleafant than to be without them.
The Windows and DoorSj the one or other refpebting every Coaft, may be glazed with the beft and moil traniparent Glais, to repre-' lent every Object through it the more iplendid, with Skreens of printed and painted Sarcenet, to prevent in the day, and fhutters of thin Wain (cot in the night, others from difturbing your iolitary Repole.
Alio you may reap the pleafure and advantage of the Air from either Coaft, by opening that fide of your fmall Edifice, • from whence you would receive it, excluding on the other fide that which might otherwiie annoy you.
In the other corner of your Garden, or Ibme oppofite place to fuch Pleafure-houies, may \wAvt °' you erc<ft another of the lame Form to anfwcr Plants, it as to your view, which may ferve as a place -D 2	to3f	9ttM ®dttienm£* Book i
tovpveferye/yçui; tendqf Plants in, during the e^trçrnitiy pft^Mfinte.rj and is ufualiy term’d a Green-houfe s becaulè lèverai Winter-Greens are therein pre(eçyedj that will not endure the feyerhy of that Spafon ; in it alio may you difpole on flielvps.ypurdry Roots of Flowers and, Seeds, until the tfmç of the year mind you of interring thpm..,
On thele (mall Edifices may you beftow what çoft you can afford, and intake them (as they deferve tq be) thg principal Ornaments of y our .Ville. .
of It is not unufiial to raiJe a Mount with the Mounts, waftp Earth or Rubbilh, you may otherwile happen to be troubled withal, at lome convenient diftance fçom.your Houle, on which as on your Terrace-walks, you have the advantage of the Air and Profped, and whereon you may ere&a V,ka[ure or Banquetting-houje3 or luch like place of Repolè,
The tnoft famous of this kind, is that near Marlborough, whether firft railed,by Art or Nature is not yet determined, however it hath a mpft plealant and eafie alcent, and from the Summit whereof you have a good Air, and a fair Erolpeèh r , .
CHAP*$ook h ەje Bft
E	Ï7
CHAP.IV.
Of Springs, Rivers, Fountains, ÏVa-ter-workf, and Gr^of,' hetejfary for a Garden. •	,
IT is riot to be denied; that a kind and fruitful Soil -may produce -all forts' of Plants proper for a Garden of Pleaftire, Ufe> or Advantage, Which may Tender 'fuch à Place delightful <; - yet cannot (rich a Garden ever be laid to be Complete, nor in its fulllplendour arid beauty, without this Element t>f Water. Wherefore Rayims advileth that,
You then- whôwould yotir Villa'\ Grace augment9 And on its- Honour always hre intent :
You Ttffiô eiïiplùy your time to cultivate Toni' Gardens, and to make their Glory great, Among your Groves and Flowers let Water flow 5 Water's the Soul of Groves and Flowers too.
' Befides thé particular ufes yoti may put it to iri wâtring your feveral Gardens, it is very plèafànt té hâve your Pifcaries, Rivulets, Foun-r tains, &c. about your Ville.
D 3
SECT,1
Ctje mof ©arotnmiy. Book i.
fff Pipes jor Water.
SECT. I. .
Of Springs.
,»■:	. V* 10•;. \'\j
X7S Any, pl^fyfam. Seats, Vills; aind Gardens IVIthere( are^ 'mat arc very'well Icicuate for Air and Proiped,that are of themfelVes dry, which defed may be fupplied from Springs of Watef riling at fbhie' diftance, and may be conveyed by Pipes to.fuch places in your Vil-le, pr Garden^ ra$ you defire.
to;places whe*e,Woodis plenty, the Elm is themoft proper material to make Pipes withal ;! for the conveyance of water from the Spring to your.Garden, not being (ubjed to be torn by Froft, is rare the leaden or. earthen Pipes, either of which you muft be (lire to lay deep enough belovV the forfaee of 'the Earth, that the Froft may not reach them. ,.
Leaden Pipes are the moft convenient where water is to be railed to any conud^raple height, being, not apt. to grow leaky, nor to decay ; but you muft be filre to lay them deep in Clay as you can $ but not in any mixture of Lime, or inch like, * left it decay, the Metal: alio you muft have a Turn-cock at the loweft part of your Pipe, where muft be a paflage, that out of it you may let the water at the beginning of a Froft, to prevent the Pipes from breaking.
Ear-Book I.	Of^tOTBgE	3y
Earthen Pipes may be made of about three foot in length , and made to fit the one irf-to the other; and as they are laid deep m a loft Bed of Earth, Clay, or Sand, the jdynts may be doled with a cement of Quick-limei Linleed-oyl, and Cotten-wool, and bound a-bout the joynt with a piece of Leather, and a turn or two of Pack-thread : But thefe Pipes are not for forcing the water to any height, being apt to break, but are very necelfary cheap and Iweet for the conveyance of any Spring without force, to the place you defire.
Sometimes it happens that Springs lye concealed in the Earth, which may, if di(covered, prove very uleful in your Ville, andplea-lant in your Garden, which to dilcover, ob-lerve the Precepts of Rapinus:
IVhere J:matt declining Hillocks you perceive,
Or any Soyl where Flags and Rujhes live,
Where the fat ground a Jhiny moifture yields-^
If Weeds and prickly Sedge orejpread the Fields j There bidden Springs with'confidence expetfj For Jedgy places will to Springs direff.
Alio leveral Rufticks there are, that can direct you to the neareft Spring , being acquainted with the nature- of the Soil and Place.
Thele if they lie above or level with your Garden, may be brought by Pipes into it; but if they happen to lie below it, then mufi: you D 4	erect4o	Reactor^ameitmff, Bookt
ere& Cifterns or' Receptacles above your Springs, that they may command your Garden3 and. raife the water i into them by Machins made, for that purpofe, moved by men, horles, pr the wind; which when full, may lerve to fnpply your Garden for a certain time,arid wheri expired,, the laid Cifterns inay be again filled by the' former medns.
SECT. II.
Of Rivers.;
A Lthough (mall Cnyftalline Springs brought inPipes may be lufficient to irrigate your Groves and Plants, and fiipply your Grotts and Fountains, and add very much to the lplen-dor of your Garden$ yet,... -
.my Adviceyoutake,.
In the low Places of y&far Garden makey ’ Refides the other Springs, large Trenches too, To which from every fait the Jheantsfriay flow* For little Brooks and Springs are not fo good3 Raplnus. jsJqjt pleafe f0 much as a more noble Flood.
A fair Stream or Current flowing through or near your Garden, adds much to the Glory and Pleafure of. it: On the Banks of it may you plant feveral aquatick Exoticks, and have your Seats or Places of Repole under tft&ir Umbrage,Book l Cfie act of pafa&fitf♦	43
brage, and there latiate your delf with the view of the Curling Streams,' and its nimble Inhabitants. Thefe gliding Streams refrige-; rate the Air in a Summer Evening, and render their Banks fo pleafant, that they become re-fiftlefs Charms to your SenlCs, by the mur-muring Noile, the Undulation of the Water, the verdant Banks and Shades over them, the fporting Filh confin’d within your own limits, the beautiful Swans; and by the plea-lant Notes of finging Birds, that delight in Groves, on the Banks of fuch Rivulets. ':
Where fucli a Stream or Rivulet cannot naturally glide through your Garden, but neat unto it, it’s probable that part of it may bd railed by lome Machine, atlorhe diltance from your Garden, and by aft Acjfia:dLrc?fc conveyed through it, which will be more commodious (the charge only excepted in the bringing it thither) than the natural Current ■ jgl Becaule natural Currents are ufually in the loweft grounds, which are not lb proper-for a Garden, as a declining or ground above the level of the adjacent Lands. 2. For that-an Artificial Current is not fubjed to thole Extravagancies1, that the natural tifually are, by Over-flowing after halty Rains. 3. Thole Wa-ters that are brought by Art, are Cafily carried off again, and may be conduced to feve-rAl parts of your Garden, on the Edges of your declining Walks, whether they decline little or much ; if but little, then may Canals be made in the natural Earthy without &hy danger4*
att of ^atöenfitfi:* Book t
ger of decay or wearing, as Rapmus obferved of the Water running through the Gardens of Lian-Court.
For by the Gardens fide,the Rivers faß,
From no fieef Cliff, but down a bank of Graß.
But if your Garden lye on a more declining Bank , then are your Aquarduds to be paved and edged with Stone or Brick, left the Velocity of the Current by degrees eat away the Earth before it: Thefe Aquaeduds may be carried almoft level, and have their Precipices at feveral diftances, as the form of your Garden will bear: Thefe Water-falls will appear very pleafant, if made broad at the end, as the fame Poet tells you,
Nor fljould it leßdeferve of our Eßeem,
When from an even Bed diffus'd the Stream,
: Runs down a poliflid Rock, and as it flows,
Like Linnen in the Air expanded flows.
4. Waters brought in by Art, may better be confin’d in Canals regularly made, and Fillt kept in them, eafier preferved than in the natural, where Inundations ufually unftock your Pifcaries; therefore if you can, chofe rather to bring a fair Current of Water through your Garden, above the level of the main River; if it cannot be done by an ordinary Aquaedud, yet may it by an Engin placed in the River, where the one part of the Water ftiall con-
ftantlyBook i. c&e att of <®amntng*	43
ftantly raile another for your purpofo, the manner of making and ordering whereof is not proper for this place ; therefore ibr your further information.
„ ■——Vide Syjhma Agriculture.
SECT. Iir.
Of Fountains.
F'Ountains are principal Ornaments in a Gar-' den ; foarce a famous Garden in Europe without its Fountains, which were primarily intended for Bathing, and are in the mere Southern Countries ulèd for that purpofe to this day. The Italians beftow very great cbft in beautifying them for that uie : The French are very prodigal in théir Expences about Fountains, and lèverai curious Gardens in England have them ; but here only for Ornament, they are generally made of Stone, fome Iquare, others round or oval, and of diyers other forms, fome Hat in the bottom, others round like a Bafon,
Into fome the Water is paft by- Pipes from the Tides, out of the Souths of lèverai Figures reprefenting Animals, or out of the Pipes of Eurs of Stone Handing on the brim of the Fountain, or the Water is call from fome Figure or Statue erected in the middle offflbt %tt Of CTtTOtlrtJ; Book L the Fountain, or From a Pipe ftanding upright in the midft of it.
There muft alfo be waft Pipes or Cavities to convey away the Water from fuch Fountains, which muft be fo made, that at your pleasure ^ou may drain yoUr Fountains, and cleanfe them, and muft be of capacity to carry off all the Water as it comes, left it annoy your Garden, for the greater quantity of Water you have, the more plealant will it appear.
FJenty in Fountains always graceful Jhows,
' And ‘greateft Beauty from abundance flows.
IMt: \vhere iieiih‘6t Springs nor River's can be obtained to cOftipleat your Pleaftlre's, yet fortify and a little for, delight, may Waier.be prbcufedfrdm^he Heavens, by preierving the drips of me'Hohie, and Conveying it to lomC iiikqfefor thk'’,ptifpcfrein your Garden, whitti niajy ^ reletnble ’ a _ Fountain, or make a fair Rbcebtacle ih &mr Garden, for the Water that inayf‘be gainjbd from the decliriihg Walks of y6ur Garden, or. frpin adjacefit Hills, as
Rapimss directs.1 ''jU ullj '
Mut ^ibej{ldcejpu^i^^ii^e ft dry,
That neither Springs nor. Rivers they are nigh j Then at fome dtftanceftdniyour Gaideri make3 Within the gaping Farth a (factous Lake3 That like a Magazdne may comprehend The aflembled Floods, which from the Hills defend.A
I
' » it .
Vi
► .
I •
> .
— » •'»V- -
«\Book t m Of ^atOOtttttSr.
Here follows a
DESCRIPTION
Of feveral forts of
FOUNTAINS.
II.	q*' H E Ball raifed by a Spout of Water* II. The Water reprejenting a double J(L Glafi, the one over the other. '
III.	A Dragon or fuch Kt&fl cafiing Water cut j of its Mouth, as it runs round on the Spindle.
IV.	A Çtovjn cafimg Water out of feveral. \Tipes as it- runs round.
V.	A- Statue of a Woman, that at the turning c of a private Cock, Jhall caft Water out of her Nipr tples into the Spectators Faces.
VI.	The Royal Oak with Leaves, Acorns, and ^ Crowns dropping , and feyeralfmaU Spouts round É the top.
VII.	Tfae^Çifîern into which the Water flow s by t the Vtpe A,, the Air ijjueth out at the Tipes b b b* C the ends whereof make the Mufical funds in tb/s \Trough of Water at C. which is fuppliedwjth Waiter, by the, Ripe D. which, in time dre ins the Ci-4*
%\)Z Sttt of <S5attiettUtg* Book I. fiern} which waft Water precipitates into E. and from E. into the common Drew.
Thefe Waters are to be preferr’d for the irrigation of your Plants to any other, and in cafe you make your Citterns well,and Cement, the Joynts of your Stone with Varifian Cement, or with our own Lime compounded with Lin-feed- Oyl, they will retain the Water for a long time.
SECT. IV.
Of Water-works.
BEfides thofe natural Courfès that are pro-pofed , for the leading the Water from the one place of your Garden to the other, after it is entred into its limits, there are leverai ways of ordering it, where it is either Naturally or Artificially advanced above the level of your Garden.
The docile Streams will any fhape put on3 Rapinus. A thoufand different Courjes they will run.
Therefore the Water muft be conveyed from fonie Cittern or Conduit, (landing a-bove your Garden, at fome diftance by Pipes, or elfe it muft by fome Artifice be railed into a Cittern of Lead over fome Lodge or Grot in
your.Book t %\)e 3tt of (S&atOemttg* your Garden,t that from thence it may by (mailer Pipes be fecretly conveyed to your feveral Works.
As to the Fountains where it may be call through various Figures, as before was hinted in thelaft Se&ion.
Or it may be made to rife in the midft of a Fountain or your Grotto,through the Branches of an Artificial Tree, each Sprig being hollow, that it may continually drop with Spouts on the top, for the ere&ing of greater quantities of Water.
Or it may rife in one (mall upright Stream, carrying a Ball of Wood on it, which being exactly round, and placed on the mouth of the Pipe, and the Water by the opening of a Bop-cock made for that purpofe, admitted by degrees ; the Ball will rife and be fepported by the Spout of Water, to five, fix, or feven foot high , after the lame manner as a fingle Peafe may be elevated by your Breath on a Straw j but in cafe your Ball be apt to fall, then may you perforate it through the Centre Imoothly and exactly in the middle , and place this Imall hole diredly on the middle of the mouth of the Pipe, and lo raile the Ball by degrees , and the Imall Ipoutof water that palfes through the Centre of the Ball,will pre-ferve it in its due pofture.
By a Copper Cylinder made to fit on the top of the Pipe, out of which the water violently flows, to take off and on at pleafure; may you lometimesm'ake the water refemble a large
GlalsClje art of ©acOcnfiitr. Book i GUIs inverted, by placing a flat piece of Copper on the top of thq Cylindery and leaving only a narrow circular paffage under it, for the water freely to'flow out of it on every fide. Another Pipe or Cylinder of a lefler fize, made to rile off the middle of the laid flat' piece of Copper or Cap, with a like Cap on the top of it, and a paffage left as before,will caufe the water iffuingout of both thq Cylinders the one over the other, to prelent a Glals within a Glals, both inverted* •
Allb Crownsy Birdsy Beajls, made of light ]Brals or Qopper, hollow.and jeafie to turn on a Cylinder, tl\e'one.endof the Cylinder is to be let on the top of the' Water-pipe, the other end to force the water with certain thin Vanes in the infide of your hollow Figure, which will make it to moye Iwiftly about,, ejecting the water out of the fides or mouth of the Figures in its motion, which is very plealant to' .behold.
Secret Pipes may be under the Ground, the’ ends not appearing above it, that when any Xadies unawares, or calually walk or hand o-ver them, by the turning of a ltop-cock, you may force the water upright under .their Coats,-to their,fudden lurprize.
You may alio place on Pedcftals of about three foot high, feveral Figures at about three foot diftance, ten or twenty of a fide: The interval between thele Figures may be S or 10 foot over; Through thele Pedeftals and Figures, flnall Pipes .muft be brought, that the4 9
Book i %\\z art of ^ar&enutff*
Water may! out: of the mouth of the Figures be ejected into the Air; the one Figure directing it towards its oppofite Figure beyond it,and a little fide ways,fo that at the turning of a ftocp-cack, each Figure fiiall caft out a ftream of Water over like a Rain-bow,. that you may walk under thefe Spouts, as under lb many Arches, without any drop falling on you.
But that which is very delightful, isthe fing-ing of the Nightingal, exactly imitated by the motion of the Water, arid is thus performed: In fome Cavity of your Grott or other' Edifice where you defire at any time to hear this Mufick, you' mult place a large Ciftern of Lead, containing ten,, twenty, or thirty Gallons, as you pleafe: This Giftern muft be well clothed on every part (except the uleful pa£ lages for Pipes) into it: near the top muft the Water be let in freely through a Pipe Of about an inch diameter ; then you muft have alfo near the top, two, three, or four (mall Pipes bluing out, tending a' little downwards, at the end of which you muft fix your PipeS'ffiade of Brafs, Or other Metal, made before yfoiv fix them like an ordinaij Fijtula, wherewith Children exercife themfelves in their paftinies, fo that vyhen you try it with your Breath, and hold rife lower end in Water, it fhall pipe and chuck as the Nightingal fometimesdoth.j you may make'two, three,.or four of thefo ofde* veral fixes, 'the biggeft nop large, and they will give fopne diftinoVion in found, thele being E	fixed5-6? c&e ^itt of ®mznin& Book t
fixed to the ends of the fmall Pipes iffuing out of your Giftem, and the lower ends of them dipping into a Trough of Lead, a little below the bottom of the Ciftern; when by the turning of a ftop-cock, the Water flows into the Ciftern, it expelleth the Air through thefe Pipes, which give you your defired Mufick, until your Ciftern be full, then muft you ftop the Cock, that the Ciftern may empty it felf again, and be ready for another time.
The Pipe through which it empties its felf, may be at the bottom of the Ciftern, of about the diameter of one third part of an inch, fo that the Pipe that fupplies the Ciftern with Water, muft of neceflity be of Capacity fufficient to afford Water enough for this under Pipe, and to enforce Air for the mufical Pipes,therefore this emptying Pipe you may leffen as you find occafion.
The Water that runs through this lower Pipe, may defcend into the Trough that is under the mufical Pipes, to fupply that with Water.
Inftead of this lower Pipe, you may have a Siphon made in your Ciftern, the inner foot of it to reach the bottom of the infide, the neck thereof to be near to the top of it, but not altogether fb high, the outer foot of it fomewhat lower than the bottom, that when the Water flows into the Ciftern, and ftops the inner foot of the Siphon, the Air forthwith gives you your Mufick until the Ciftern be full, then of its felf the Water paffes through
the .Book i. €$e art of	ft
the Siphon until the Cittern be empty. Id this way, lels Water will make your Mufick, becaule there is no decreale of it until the Cittern be filled, but then you mutt not defifi: until it be full, elle it will not flow out of the Siphon. You mutt alfo fiipply the Trough before your mufical Pipes with Water from feme other Pipe, therefore the former way is the more facile.
By this means may you make many Mufical Artificial Sounds, and to continue in proportion according to the quantity of your Water, and capacity of your Cittern $ the Water that flows in waft from it, being made to fall from one precipice to another, which with its murmuring Noife intermixed with the Mufical Pipes, makes an excellent charming Harmony, efpecially none of it being in view* but concealed in Rock-work made for that purpofe.
SECT. V.
Of Grottos.
I T oftentimes happens that in thele Northern Climes, the ey£/iWheats are more trouble-fome than they are nearer the Zodiack, the Sun continuing here longer above the Horizon in the Summer lealon, than in thole parts, which oecafions that intemperancy that many timesr E 2	W8s*
%\)Z &l*t Of ^atOettfn^ Book I. we are fenfible of ; for as we have lefs' of the prefence of the Sun in the Winter, fb have we that defeat fupplied in the Summer.
Put thole that inhabit more Southerly, and have the Sun more perpendicularly over them, are more fenfible of the acute heat of that bright Orb about the middle of the day, generally than we are; and therefore about the heat of the day, they ufually fequefter them-felves from their ordinary Occupations, and betake them (elves to their fhades and cool places of Recefs for (bme few hours.
Such that have convenient places in their Villes, make themfelves Grotto's or Caves in the Earth for that only purpofe, on which fome have beftowed fb much Coft and Labour, that thofe Grotts have been the Objed of Admiration of, and part of the Subjed of feveral Hiftories written by feveral Travellers and Strangers, as are their Baths and Fountains. ?
I For the fame reafon may our Grotts be as neceffary for us, to repofe our felves in the time of our Summer faint Heats, although they are not here fb conffant every year as in thofe parts, yet are they lefs tolerable, for want of thole nodurnal breezes they ufually enjoy.
Therefore either in the fide of fome declive of a Hill, or under fome Mount or Terrace artificially railed, may you make a place of -repq$| cool and freffi in the greateft heats. It may be arched over with Stone or Brick, and you may give it what light or entrance youBook i. c&e of ^artieittno;*	5i
pleafe. - You may make lecret Rooms and Palfages within it, and in the outer Room may you have all thole before mentioned Water-works, for your own or your Friends di-vertilements.
It is a place that is capable of giving you: lb much pleafure and delight, that you may bellow not undefervedly what coft you pleafe on it, by paving it with Marble, or immuring it with Stone, or Rock-work, either natural or artificially relembling the Excellencies of Nature. The Roof may be made of the lame lupported with Pillars of Marble, and the Partitions made of Tables of the lame.
The mbit famous of this kind that this Kingdom affords, is that Wiltonian Grotto near unto Salisbury, on which' no Coft was fpared to make it compleat, and wherein you may yiew, or might have lately lo done, the bell of Water-works, far excelling, wnat Rapmns thus lings of late Richlteus Palace in trance.
Here •variously diflos'd the Fountains run,
Firfi headlong fad, then rife where they. begun $ Receive aU forms, and move on every fide,
With horrid wife, Chimera gaping wide j Out of her open Mouth the Water throws, .
. For from her Mouth a rapid Torrent flowsm From her wideThroat,as Waves in Circles flout,
A Serpent turning flrinkles all the rout.
E 3	ButClje art of 0$tWxtog* Book l
But they that cannot command the Water to crown the Pleafiires of their Gardens ; yet are there few that cannot find fbme convenient place for this purpofe, it being as necefla-ry in them to avoid the liquefying Air, as in other places the unpleafant Breezes.
CHAP. V.
Of Statues, Obelises, Dyals, and cither invegitate Ornaments.
M' *|TN all places where there is a Summer and |j a Winter, and where your Gardens of JL Pleafiire are fometimes clothed with their Verdant Garments, and befpangled with variety of Flowers, and at other times wholly diP mantled of all thefe; here to recompence the iols of pad Pleafiires, and to buoy up their hopes of another Spring, many have placed in their Gardens, Statues, and Figures of fever-al Animals, and great variety of other curi-v; ous pieces of Workmanfhip, that their Walks might be pleafant at any time in thofe places of never dying Pleafiires.
Herein the ancient Romans were exceflively prodigal, {paring of no Coft to adorn their Avenues with curious Figures for their Winter diverfions, as well as with rare Plants for their
SummerBool? i.	\i
Summer delights. Which vanity (although one of the moft exculable) is defcended on . the kalians^ whole Gardens are the Mirrors of the World, as well for thofe Ornaments, as for their excellency of the Plants that are propagated in them.
This Mode of adorning Gardens with curious Workmanfhip, is now become Englijh ; how many Statues made by excellent Art, are there to be leen in His Majefties Gardens, and in the Gardens of divers of the Nobility of England ? jBut what great pity is that in many places remote from Cities and great Towns, thele Statues Ihould drive out of their view thole natural Beauties that io far exceed them ?
Much more Ornamental are Statues placed in Groves and Shades, and in or near your ^orders of the choice!! Plants, than on the nakedTurface of the Earth* which later beget not that liirprile in the Spe<5tatprs, as the other. t/.h: r .	... ;■	•
Stamen § re : commendable in the midi! of Fountains, and green Squares in Groves and at the end of ohfcure Walks.
In the,room of ,Statues in the midi! of.your 2.obuisfy. green Squares, Obelisks,, of (ingle Columns may not be improper, lo that the Workman-Ihip be; accordingly. Neither can there be a more proper, ufe for an Obelisk, thantofup-port a Globe, with its Axisduely placed re-Ipeding both Poles, and its circumference on the Equino&ial Line, exadly divided .into twenty-four parts,, and marked with twice E 4	twelve$6	of ®at&enm& Book i.
twelve hours, thatonit at a dift&'neôbÿ the fhadòw only of the- Globe - on1 its-'felf, you 'may difcern the hour of the day, and pbfèrve how the Day and Night, ana Summer and Winter happen throughout the Univerfe.
Many Dials of various and curious Work-manihip are made; ¥nd may be placed on Pedeftals in the midft of the Squares inftead of Statues, which bettér become thè fhades.
3. Dials. Dials of Glals, were it not for thé Cafiial-tiés they are j fubje& ;unto, pre-exeçl' any o-ther for Beauty, elpecially the Globe'with its Axis through the midft, and duely-elevated wirii finali Beads oh'ft, placedat-their due di-ftancèé according to; the Lines of the Celeftial Globe, painted on the fupetficiesTof your orbicular Glals, - which will hot only give you the trite hour of the day, but all other varia-• tions that a Dial cart direét : But mòre of thefe things'in another placò.
Flower- Other ancient Ornament of a Garden, are
Pu‘ Flower-pots, which painted white and placed on Pedeftalsi either on the Gróundjin a ftreight line on the edges of your Walks; òr on your Walls, or at the corners of your Squares, are exceeding pleafant. *	’	. - :, .i c
They are ufually -made of Potter's Clay, and burnt,1 which when full of Earth, :and frozen in the Wintèr are'apt to bfeak;;unlefi‘ you . place-another ordinary pot of Ea rth in the infide of it, wherein tbplant y olir Flowers, you 'defignto propagate in them. ' • -oriruj.
" to prevent that cafuafty-Of-breaking,
■ :^'vv.	'	; -1	fome,iBook t, %\)t art of ®atftentu$;
femie are made of Lead well painted and guilt, which are much to be preferred.
One of the pleafiires that may be efteemed 5* of a* belonging to a Garden, is an Aviary, which Avury‘ mult be near your houfe, that you may take fome delight in it there, as well as in your Gar den, and that you may in all fealbns take care of its Inhabitants: As for its bignefs, manner of making and ordering, it is not proper in this place to be dilcourfed of, we being rather for an Aviary at large, that the whole Garden with its Groves and Avenues may be full of thefe pretty Singers, that they may with their charming Notes,, rouze up our dull Spirits, that are too intent upon the Cares of this World, and mind us of the Providence, the great God of the Univerfe hath over us, as well as thele Creatures.
LIB.Eôe itf	Book ir.
Of the divers Trees, Flowers,
and adorn a Garden.
CHAP. I.
Of Trees for Ornament and Shade.
HAving lightly pafled over the Seite, Form, Security, and dead Ornaments of your Garden j it is time now to give you an account of luch Vegetating Ornaments, that are proper and very well becoming the Gardens of the moft curious. And becaufe the Cytrefs is the moft beautiful and moft celebrated Tree, I fliall begin with Perennial Greens.
Lib. II.Book n. c&c art of ®arOettfo&
S9
SECT. f.
Of Winter Greens.
OF all the Trees that have been propaga- r. oftbt ted in our European parts, none have CJF'fc yet merited that efteem as the Cyprefl hath done, it being the molt uniform, ftreighteft, and molt (lender of any other, preferving its Verdure throughout the year.
Its natural Country is Candia, where (as fltny writes) if a man plow the ground, and not low it with (ome other thing, Cyprejfes will come up, and prefently (hew above ground; from whence they have been fpread into the molt parts of Europe, (o far as the extream cold will give them leave.
Their Seed (eldom or never ripens here in England; but liich as you have from foreign parts, you mult (ow about the beginning of April, which when come tip and carefully wa-tred and weeded j you may remove.
Thefe Trees may be either planted as Standards, or in Hedges, and clipped as other tonfile Hedges ulually are, if you intend them for Standards, at about three or four years the middle (hoot ought to be cut off near the top, and the whole Tree cut into a pyramidical Form, and not bound as is the uuial cuftom, only clip them not late in the year, leftéo <£8e art of éarüenfttff* Book il .
the Froft prove too fierce and kill your • Trees.	-------•.
For if they are not dole bound but dipt, , and ftand not in a cold moift Ground, they ' will endure the hardeft Frofts, and lharpeft : Winds : For I have known many that flood , in the loweft part of the Garden killed with the P extremity of cold, when others that flood on , a Terrace, more obvious to the cold Winds elcaped ; and for no other realbn, as I could l judge, but their dry and healthy Soil they grew ■in.;; '• ■
2. Of the As the CypreJS for its Beauty, lo the Laurel '
Laurel, for its Glory, hath been in great efteefn with the Ancients, whole Branches have crowned the Heads of Empereurs in their Triumphs ; ; and thole that were Vidors in War, or any folemn Games : Thé Law-e/Branches are alio i Emblems of-Peace, and of pre-excellency in any ingenious Science or Enterprize, the ancient Romans attributed Unto it an extraordinary property it had againft the evil effe&s of Thunder and Lightning,' and therefore planted it near unto th$ir Houfes and Lodgings.
It is orte of the. beft-ornamental Trees you can plant either for beauty or lhade, it will cloath your moft lhady Walls, and will endure the molt fcorching beams of the Sun/ it will mount to twenty or thirty foot in height, and be content to be humble and tonfil, no Weather will annoy it, it delights moft in moift Ground. '
...	IniBook it cfic act of ^atoetuttg.
6t
In watry Vales, where pleafant Fountains flow,
Their jplendent Leaves the lovely Laurels Jhow.
And agrees beft with a cool lhady place ■which is equal to a watry.
They grow tall, and bear great plenty of Terries, from which the, Trees are eafily propagated, or from Layers, or flips, let in a cold rmoift place.
The Laurus Tmus is a Shrub yielding fiveet Laarns ilcented Tufts of white Blofloms in the Winter, T'mus. as well as the Summer, is eafily propagated from Suckers or Layers, and delerves a place lamongft the beft of your perennial Greens: i There are two forts, the one with a narrow, the other with a broad Leaf.
The Bay-Tree, our old Englijh Plant is a fine The Bays oderiferous Tree, but worn out of that great Tree. efteem that formerly was had of it, by the ;more beautiful and hardy Laurel.
Few Greens exceed in Beauty, either in 5. of the Branch or Leaf the Pbyltrea, which fpreads Pbylirta* {6 fairly, and near the ground, and riles to that height, and lb eafily managed with the Shears, that it is efteemed one of the moft plealant Plants that Nature yields, it is very hardy and endures oUr generally moft levere Winters, having never known them nipp’d with fierce Cold, but (Anno 1665, and fince in Apno 1683. ) and then the Brandies being for the moft part cut off, the Tree reaffirmed its former Luftre.
It6z	Of	Book II. 1
It is railed of Seeds, and may be increaled I by Layers, and fometimes by Slips, it will not $ eafily bear a remove till the coldeft Sealons 2 are oven
There are two lorts of it, the one with a i fmaller and more edged Leaf than the other,I which yields great plenty of Bloflbms in the: Winter, which laft until the Spring, which i Bloffoms are of a ftrong Scent, by realon of a s gummy Matter adhering to them, which the s Bees wonderfully afle«5fc,which blooming Trees,; if there were many of them near your Apiary,, they would very much help your Bees, be- -fore much of other Food was to be found by H them in the Spring j but the barren Tree is the i more beautiful.
Thele Trees may be cut into any form j high or low, in Hedges or in Angle Trees, , and will cover a Seat or Bower in a Ihort time,; and more neatly than any Tree whatloever.
4. Of the A Species of the fame is the Alaternus, a :
Alaternus. hardy plealant Shrub, not alpiring to that: height as the Vhylirea3 but is apt for Hedges,. and eafily managed.
$. Of the	Moft of the ancient Gardens of England!;
Box-Tree. were formerly beautified with this never dying Box, becaule you might have reduced it ; to any form or mape high or low, but by realon of the ill favour emitted from it, and by its fpreading Roots continuing long in a place, fterilizing the confining Earth, it is; now banifhed out of our Gardens.
OuroBook il. ŒMrtof C&fmNv	6$
Our modem Planters have brought into <*. of the Dur Gardens to adorn our Walks, the Eugh- El*sb-Trtet Tree, which growing tall and flout againft all Weathers, and its finall Twigs flicking dole fto the Trunk, clothing it always green, no J.5un nor fliade offending it ; is one of the molt i ornamental Trees you can defire. The Eugh-vTree may be dipt and reduced to any form,' ibuteafily to the compleat form of the Cyprus.
I (hould undervalue the Judgment and O- 7. of the Opinion of our beft Arborift Mr. Evelin, if I Holly. 'ifhould not numerate the Holly amongft the ‘imoft feled of our Hortenfe perennial Greens, fiwhich he efteems to be the moft incomparable for Ufe, Defence, Sight and Ornament ; <1 need ilay no more of it, lèeing his learned Pen hath sfiifficiently emblazoned its f#ame.
The Firr-Tree is rather for the Woods, 8. of thé than for the Garden 3 yet by realon of the Firr-.J j[lender and afpiring Trunk of the ftreight Firr, land the facil keeping and preferving its Branchies in a compleat circular order, it doth very well become a Garden3 planted at the corners lof your Squares, or in dired lines at a little tdiftance from your Walks.
Having one of thele Trees whole top was r perilhed, I dipt it with my Shears, and reduced it to a fine Conick ftiape, and find it as Leafie to be managed with the Shears, as any 1 Other-Plant,
The64	cöcSlit of ©nrtenms. Bookii.
The Norway Firr is eafily managed with Shears, and kept in the form of a Cyprus, growing thick on the Tides when dipt, and being planted thick in Hedges, may be dipt as other tonfile Plants, and make a .very neat and clofe Fence.
. They are eafily propagated from the Seed taken out of the Clogs, and fown in March, > and very well endure a remove; all other forts of Firr and Pines, befides the ftreight fmall leayed Firr are to be excluded your Garden of Pleafiire, being not capable of being reduced to a compleat form.
9. Of the	For the rarity of it more than for its beau-
Ctdar. ty, may the famous Cedar find a place in your Garden, the name whereof is fufficient to revive thole ftupendious relations of the Magnitude, Durablenels, Excellency and Virtues of that mod facred of Trees, i*. Ofthet Not unbecoming your Gardens, is the Ilex, ilex. or ever green Oak which is hardy, though flow in growing, and propagated from its Seed, or by Layers.
11.	Of Tret The greater Tree Stone Crop is a beautiful Stone Crop, Qreen, not common, but railed from Layars,
and prelerved in fome Gardens,
12. Of the	The Strawberry Tree, as it is lo termed from.
Arbutus. the re(j Berrjes ufually bears, although difficultly railed from Seeds or Layers, and with the like difficulty removed whilft young, yet thrives very well in the warm part of your Garden, adding much Beauty to it, by its green Leaves all the Winter, and its Berries in the Autumn,	OneBook ii. cfje of	^
One of the moft Vulgar, yet moft ufeful13* 0/ and neceflary Greens is the Rofemary, a Plant RofemaV> natural to many places in Spain, but here nou-" rilhed in the warmeft places of our Kitcliin Gardens', I have oblerved in fome Country Gardens, a dwarf kind of Rofemary kept fhear-ed, that hath been exceeding comely, the Plant is eafily managed , did not the moft fe-vere colds deftroy it, but that dwarf kind is the more hardy.
The large double Rofemary is the more Ornamental to a Garden \ but that with a double bloftom the more rare*
The Pyracantha, or ever green Hawthorn, I4. oj-p^ is a compleat Tree for a Fence, its Thorns be- racanthi. mg ftrong and fharp; it is alfb very beautiful when its Berries are ripe, which are of a Coralline red, its Leaves ever green, but not very thick.	,
The Arbor 'vita, fo called from its ever green r$. Of At* and hardy Leaf, may be planted to make up bor vita. your number of Greens, for its Rarity, but not for its Beauty, any more than the Sawn, which is much like it.
The Celafirus or Staff-Tree, bearing a few 16.0j£t* green Leaves over the Winter, and as Mr* Rea lajtrns. adviieth, is fit to be mixed with Pyracantha, for the making of the ever green Hedg.
The Jimifer-Tvee although ufiial in the I7>. ojtht Woods, or Commons, yet deferves a place a- Juniper-* mppgft our Choiceft Winter-greens, it being2™'* capable of any form, growing tall like the Cyprefi, or fpreading as you are willing to of- B der it.	F	Thefe**	Clje&ttof GatBening. Bookn.
. Thefe ever green Plants have in them a ftrong refinacious Juice, that fortifies them a-gainft the Cold, and is the caule of the continuing of the Leaf lo long on the Stalk, as may be oblerved in the Firr and Fine, what an abundance of that Terebihtine Sap do they contain, enduring the molt fierce Colds the iJortfyern Climate yields; the CypreJS and the hofemary both yield a very hot and refiny Sap.
18. O/rfc« The Holly affords us out of its Bark, that 0 y' glutinous Bird-lime, that enfnares the heed-lels Fowl, which diffuled naturally into its ' ; Leaves, enables them againft all the inconve-niencies of Winter and Cold. The P by lire# hath a very ftrong Sap that prelerves it. And all the other Winter Greens have more or lels of the like refinous and glutinous Sap or Juice, . , that is not fo eafily preyed upon by extream I Colds.
SECT. ir.
Of Variegated or Gilded-leafed Plants.
THole perennial Greens are very Ornamental, planted in their proper places of your Garden and Avenues, by reafon of their perpetual Verdure, that the Winter that feetns ellewhere molt barren, here amongft thele Greens appears like a perpetual Spring ; yet
multBoole n. c&e Sf	67
muft tiiey give :place to the moft -beautiful of Trees and Shrubs 6£ the fame kind (as CO their duraWenefs) by realon of their variegations* much excelling thole time are of- a plain co* lour.	hH '	{:
For what can he more pleafarittfran to have Groves or Walks (when the Flowers that are but for a day are retired) apparrelled with gilded party-colour Garments, - lome with yellow and green, others, with- white and green, emulating the two royal Metals, that by the Gilder’s hand adorn the Palabes of Princes. The moft excellent of all Which gilded Plants is the Holly, - whole Bark as well as *• Gildti Leaf, is variegated with a bright yellow; the Ho y' more yellow the Leaf is, the more beautiful is the Plant ; lome are ftrip’d throughout the Barks and Berries: If vulgar green Holly be lo glorious and rCfrelhing an Object, ■ as Mr.
Evelin hath Characterized it to be, then certainly the lame with a due mixtiire of a bright yellow muft pre-excel. In fine, whofoever hath once leen this Tree, will not think any perennial Green equal to it, for it is like the true Scarlet-dy which prefent, debaleth all o-ther Colours.
The gilded Laurel is a very plealant Tree,2* GM&ti although inferiour to the Holly j for want of that Oriental Verdure and more polite Leaf, but this Plant is more rare to be obtained than shtf*gilded Holly.
F 2
Of6s	C8e-3ttof'&at&eitfttg« BooHi.
3.	Gilded Of Tbylirea, alfo there is a fort that is much BJ variegated with white, and is very pleafant, BB as the like there is of Alatemm, which is not
altogether fo hardy as that of the Thy Urea, yet both worthy of your care.
4.	Gilded The Leaves of Box are on fome Trees gil-
ed with an edge round each of them with yellow, but thefo Trees do not annually produce all their Leaves gilded: fometimcs they are green, and fometimes gilded ; yet are thefo.Trees not to be wanting in your golden Grove.'.,. ; -	.. j
5.	Gilded There-is: befides the Rofemary that is gilded Rofemary. ^j-, ye{]OWj a fort Gf variegated with white,
very delightful to the Eye, and not fo common as the yellow; both thefo are to be pre* forved under warm Walls, or other Fences to focure them from the too fovere Winds ; but the white is the more tender,.
6.	Gilded The Veriivinckle is a low Creeping Plant, rcriwin- fome bearing white, -fome blew Flowers, ckJl‘ growing wild in many places, and foarce worthy of a place in a Garden, except .for the covering the Ground in the Shades of your Groves and Avenues, with its ever green and running Branches; but the gilded Terhvinckh whole Leaves are exceeding well variegated, much refembling the gilded Thylirea, or Ala-ternusjs as compleat an Ornament for clothing the Earth of your golden Grove, as any of the gilded Trees are for the more lofty part oS hs
7.	Gilded And although your gilded Trees are mod Lilly. »becoming in a Grove or Walk, and the Pen-
vmckleBook it c&e m of ^amtutto;* ^3
•winckle be proper for an humble Ornament* yet fome Plants of a middle rank or degree, may not unbecome lb fplendid an Objed; of which none can be more fuitable than the Lilly, whole verdant Ihining pale-green Leaves are curioufly painted by Nature’s Pencil with yellow, appearing at a great diftance, as well as near very beautiful; thefe Leaves from the Ground to the top of the Stalk, from the Spring to the Autumn, being much more comely than the Bloffom, which ‘is the fair white Lilly.
It is known to all Naturalifts, that the beft g. Gilded Garden Ground is moft prone to Weeds, which Night-are its Spontaneous productions, and feeing/^* and-that Weeds are expeded in our Grove, as wellMugwort’ as in our Garden, it were better that it were in part fupplied for want of gilded leaved Flowers with gilded Weeds, whereof the Night-fhade, otherwife a noilbme Weed, but with its variegated Leaves, and here and there thinly difperled, and gilded Mugwort, another Weed of the like nature, would .make a good mixture with the other richer Dyes, like the ordinary Colours in a Pidure, which ferve to illuftrate the more excellent.
Some other forts of gilded Plants there may ^(rl -s probably be; but thefe are all that I have hi- *\f0vam-therto oblerved. As thefe have been cafoal-gated ly met withal, and from them others baxeWa0<i"tint’ been railed, fo by the fame reafon may other 'forts be difeovered, that yet have not been ob-ferved.
F
3
For7°
*©. The Embroider-td Elder,
Of	Book II.
For travelling through- feme part c^.Ghmr-ganjhtre’j and' difeoutOng of] thefe, variegacgc-Greens, one! of that Country allured me,that in that Country was a very .large Holly with all its. Leavjes. curioufly gilded*, growing wild in a Wood, which, was not unlikely, for from the Woods they fiift came, but that which was molHfrange, was,- that the feme Tree fhould be negleded, and! .not a great number of Plants railed fromi it.; .
The Realbns why fech variety of Colours fhould appear in the Leaves of Trees, and Plants, are noteafily diicovered, feeing that we may obferve the like in the various Colours of feme forts of Beafts and Birds, whereof no account has been yet given ; and they as well thefe are alfo apt to degenerate. But the realon of liich a variegation of Colours may be fiippofed to be a Defed in Nature, becaufe the more, fterile the Land is wherein they grow,the better are their Colours preferved,and the more rich the Ground is, the feoner do they degenerate. And as thefe curious Plants are by accident, or feme fecret inclination of Nature undifeovered unto us, fo they are the more to be valued, and on them may we the better beftow our delight and admiration.
Thus will we conclude this Sedion, of ’monftrousCuriofities in the Leaves of Plants, with that of the Elder-Tree. It hapned that about two years fince, (being Anno 1674.) a Gardener near London, by accident difeover-ed in a Hedge an Elder-Tree, whofe Leaves
Teem'd7*
Book u. c&e act of »Sartiem'nff*
feem’d to be embroidered, by the fwelling of the Veins that fpread thcmfelves throughout the Leaf, and appearing of a different colour from the reft of it, they being of a curious Texture, made them appear to the Eye moil beautiful and rare, which Tree he tranfplant-ed into his Garaev, as no fmall curiofity.
Thele gilded partj'-colour’d Branches, would well have became thofe Crowns and Garlands Co frequently ufed by the Ancients, had they been then known, and might (fome of them at leaft) have been incerted in Dr. Brown's Catalogue of Coronary Plants.
SECT. III.
Of other Trees propagated for their Beauty and Shade.
BEfides thefe perennial Greens and other 0^tk( Rarities in Nature, that feem to take up putanus. fo large a room in your Plantation, yet are there other Trees that in the Spring, and throughout the Summer, do very much adorn your Groves and Avenues, and cool and refrefh thofe that delight to walk in them in the heat of thofe feafbns. The moft principal of which is the Vlatanm, a Tree fb much admired by the ancient Romans, that they preferred them 'Before any of their own Native Produ&ions, and that for their Shades only, it jb abfolutely F 4	ex*Cfjeart of ©amettfaff* Bookii. excluding the Beams of the Sun in the Summer, and admitting them in the Winter. The Branches are but thin and {lender, the Leaves broad, and of colour pleafant, the Tree groweth large. Pliny records that in his time, a Plane-Tree was of that bignefs,that being hollow within, eighteen perfons ufually fat on . Benches in it, and Pupp’d with Ltcinius Mutt-anus its owner. This Tree delights in Water: for the Tree that grew to that bignefs, had a cool Fountain adjoyning to it, and thofe that had not fo convenient a place for it, yet it feems by Pliny, out of their extraordinary affection to it, irrigated it with better Liquor. He alio tells you of another, that the Empe-- ror Caligula had in his Ville, in which was a capacious Room, that fifteen Perfons might fit at a Repaft, and yet {pace enough for their Servitors to wait on them. In truth, the World doth not yield a more beautiful Tree for {hade than the Plane. It grows and pro-fpers well, if planted in a moift Ground, or be conftantlv watred whilft it is young, and will foon arrive to your defired bignefo
I Tat	Unto the Plat anus.
TilU.
High footing Linden, next exaBs your care3 With grateful Shades, to thofe who take the Air.
This Tree feems to contend with the Plgta-hus for Beauty and Shade, only its Leaves are not fo fair, but for its conick or pyramedical
Form,Book ii. dje^ctof $ar&enm&	73
Form, it exceeds moft Trees, and for its fweet (cent, wherewith it perfumes the Air in the Months of July <and Augufi, there is no Tree > com parable-to it of that magnitude. The Bees .will teftifie it, who in innumerable multitudes gather'011 the rows of thefe Trees when they are in Blollom. They are reducible almolt to any Form, if planted at a diftance they fpread, if near they afpire. They delight in moift and good ground, and are very quick of growth. The many large Avenues planted of 'them in moft places, fufficiently demonftrate !their Beauty, Shade, and Flavour.
The Horje Chefnut for the Beauty of its 3. the Ctt-„Leaves in the Spring, and the compleat form/**?**
:of its Bole, is not unworthy of a place amongft ^ma‘ the beft of Trees for Shade and Ornament. /
This Tree is very lately made Englifh, being Brought in its Seed or Nuts, from Confianti-nople, it profpers very well here in good light Mould, - it buds all the Winter, and until it fprings, are covered with a fhining glutinous matter or Gum, and about the beginning of ; May, it ufually makes its whole Years ftioot in eight or ten days, and then dilates its Leaves, more pleafant than which fcarce any Tree I yields. In the lame Month it puts forth many Branches of Flowers, (o mixed, chat they I feem to be enamel’d, and are very beautiful; i in fome years, a few of thofe Bloftoms are j luccgeded by Nuts, in form of Gheftnuts in-; eluded in a Goat or outward Shell.
Chrifs74
4- Paliu-m.
<. The Gla-
nenbury
Tharnl
tpe art of ^at&cmnoh Book if
Chri^s'Thorn3 (b named, for that it is (aid to be the fame wherewith our Saviour was; Crown’d at Jerujalem, near which is the na-i fcural place for its growth. This Tree may be placed in your Garden as a Rarity, as may; that which is yet a greater wonder called.
The Glajtenbury Thorn 3 being in appearances; a vulgar white Thom, yet budding and yield-, ing plentifully its BloiToms in December. 1 have1, for lèverai years oblèrv’d it in Bloflfom at. Chrifimasi (ometimes it blolïbms before, if the Weather be mild, but if the Cold be very (e-vere, it will retard it: Thole Blolfoms are; (ucceeded by Berries and Leaves, although in the Winter, as the ordinary white Thorns are in the Summer. They that read and believe the Divinity of the Monaltery of Glajtenbury 3 may the more eartly believe the report of this Tree, that by its bloffoming on the twenty fifth day of December, it doth not only indicate unto us the very day of our Saviour’s Nativity, but condemns our (loth and contumacy in not rejoycing with it at fo glorious a dif-penfation.
This Tree flourillied many years in Wilton-Garden near Salisbury3 and 1 îiippolè is there yet, but is not altogether lo exaét to a day, as its original from whence it came was reported to be, it’s probable the Faith of our Anceftors might contribute much towards its certainty of time. For Imagination doth operate on Inanimate things, aslome have oWèrvetf.^
ThusBook IL cöe avt o£ ^aröenmg*	?j
Thus have you a brief account of the raoft delightful, pleafant, and ornamental Trees wherewith to beautifie your Garden, Avenues, rand Groves, which are fhady and cool Receffes from the noife and cares of the Worlds and the hot Gleams of the Sttn5 and are ant •artificial Epitom of the larger Woods, Ehrrefis, and Groves, fo much celebrated by the An-idents, who attributed unto them moft Di-ivine Honour.
Here you may in a fmall Room, and at an qafie Expence, reap the advantage of thofe rmore ample PolTeffions.
Thus hieß is he, who tir d with his Affairs,
Farfi'om all noife, all vain applaufe j prepares To go, and underneath fome filent Shade,
Which neither Cares nor anxious Thoughts invade,
Does for a while himfelf alone pofjeß,
Changing the Town for Rural bappineß:
He if he pleafe, into the Groves may firay,
Lißen to the Birds, which fing at break of day. Rapjnus,
SECT.?6
Cfje 9rt of tfarteiuttij* Book n.
SECT. IV.
Of the Propagating and Planting the faid a Trees.
THE leveral Trees before mentioned, are 3 varioufly propagated and removed at ), various times, being many of them Exoticks:: And therefore the nature of the Climate is to: be confidered.
Such of them that are natural to this, or a s more Northerly Climate, may be removed at 3: any time of the Winter, but the nearer the 2 Spring the better, and are generally railed ofi Seed, as the Holly, the Eugb> the Fin, the3 Fy vacant ha 3 and the Glajienbury-Thorn. Thee Lawrel, Laurm Tinas 3 the Bay, the Ttlia3 thee Cajianea Ecjuina, although railed by Layers asej well as by Seeds, yet will endure a Winter j removal.
The Cyprefi, the Fine, the Cedar, and the e Celafirus are more tender, and although they ^ are railed of Seed only, yet ought they to bee removed in the warmth of the Spring about 3 March or April. As alio the Plants, Slips, or jj Layers of the Fbylirea3 Alaternus, llcx3 Arbutm3 L and Rofemary, whether from Seed or Layers,, becaule they" are brought hither from a jnore: Southerly Country.
The Slips or Layers of all your gilded Plant?,,
dc-;77
Book ii. -Efje act of ®atOetttttg.
ideferve your care in removing them, as the Iplain Trees of the fame kind ought to be.
The Box, the greater Tree-jlone Crop, Arbor Vita, Savin, 71at anus, and the Valiums, are dncreafed by Slips and Layers only, which muff be laid or flipped in the Spring, and ( except the Valiums ) may be removed all the Winter, the Valiums only in the Spring.
It is obferved,that it is the beft way of planting the Box, toftrip away the Leaves from the Slip, and not to wind the Stem, but to let it ; whole without winding.
It is alio laid, that every flip of a Bay-Tree will grow, if fet in March, the great Leases (being ftript off, but they muft be fliaded, and fometimes watred if need require, elfe [they will not fo eafily take root.
The gilded Trees or Plants muft be increa-1 led by Layers, Slips, or Graffs, for it is observed, that by raiflng of them from Seed they {degenerate, by reafon that the Hawes or Seeds of the white Thorn come not up the next year after they are (own: It will bd .fomewbat tedious for luch as delight in .Curiofities, to wait Tor the production of the GlaJJenbtsry Thorn from 'theSeed; therefore the beftandraoft expeditious way of raiflng this Rarity, is by grafting it on a common white Thorn.
The Holly-Berry continues the like time in 1 the ground before it fprings, but the Berries :ckaiifed of their mucilage before they are :planted, very much accelerates their fpring-ing: The Berries of the Eugb require the fame ordering.	TheB
Cl)C O'f	Book Ili
- - Tile Juniper Trees are propagated, either by Plants taken from the Woods, -or by then Seeds or Berries, which will foon come up.
CHAP. II.
Of Flower-Trees.
AFter your Garden, Avenues, and Groves.x are reduced into liich form as you de-3 fire, and thofe adorn’d lo far as neo ceffarily they (ought to be, with thole graceful and immortal Greeny and other pleafant Trees3 yielding, lhade and delight; it then behoves: you to fnrnifh thofe intervals that remain, and) the borders of your Walks with Flowers, then i wonders of Nature for the richnels and variety' of their Colours, Scents, Forms, and Sealbns.ii Amongft all which, thole Shrubs or, Trees: yielding lb great a variety of thole Objeds,? are moft to be prized, and of thele is the Rolei to be preferred.
SES33VBook ii. 8t*t of
*79
SECT. I.
Of the various kinds of Rofes.
THere is no Flower-bearing Tree that yields fo great variety, nor any Blofloms (o beautiful as the Role, nor do they only adorn •but perfume your Gardens.
Now I perceive from whence the Qdours flow,
While on the Rofes kinder Zephyrs Mow.
Out of the prickly Stalk the Purple-Flower Springs, and commands the Vulgar to adore,
The Garden-Queen doth now her felf difplay,
Soiling the Lujlre of the rijing Day.
Between the Tulip and the Gillyflower,
'they are the greateft Ornament to a Garden, »whereof the yellow Province-Rofe is the moftr* heautiful, where it brings forth fair and kind-^w Rofes' fly Flowers, which hath been obtained by budding a Angle yellow Rofe on the Hock of a . •flourifliing Francford Rofe near the Ground;
.when that Angle yellow is well grown in that Branch, inoculate your double yellow Role,
It hen cut off all fuckers and Ihoots from the Arft ;and fecond, leaving only your laft,which mull bt/T pruned very near, leaving but few Buds,
»which will have the more Nourifhment, and yield the fairer and more entire BlofTom.
-	ThisSo	Cöe t Of	Book U.
This Tree ora Lay er,from a Role of the fame i kind delights moft, and blows faireft in a cold,, moift, or fiiady place, and not again!! a hot i Wall.
The fingle yellow Rofe is fcarce worth the : planting, except for the ufe aforefaid.
2. The An- The neareft in Colour to the former is the : flriaa Rofe. Austrian Rofe, being but fingle, yet. in much i efteem for its Bloffom, whole Leaves are of a : Scarlet colour within, and on the outfide of a/: pale yellow.
The fweeteft and moft ufeful of Rofes, is the! °)1’Damask, which in my Lord Bacons time, was • by him obfcrved not to have been in England\ above one hundred years; of thele Damask; kinds, there is one that beareth Blolfoms with; the firft, and fo continues with new Blolfoms,, until the Frolls prevent it, and is therefore::
4.	The called the Monthly Rofe, and is not inferiöur: Monthly in fmell to the Damask, and delerves a place;
among!! yopr moft lelecft Plants j this leems: to be the Roß that Pliny mentions to be growing in Spain, that blow and flower all the* Winter.
5.	Toe Da- The Damask Province Rofe differs from the: mas^Pro-- ordinary Damask, in. that only it is very double';
andfairi but not fofweet.
6.	The Tori’ The Damask-Rcfe with lomc of its Leaves: and Lane £ marked with a faint blufh, is ufnally termed!: fter Rofe. the Tork and Lancafier Rofe. I fuppole becaule:
it was the 'firft variegated Role that was Jiere: known after the uniting thofe two Houfes of: Rofes.Book Hi dje act of ^artientttff*	8r
But the beft of Damask-Rofes and inferioür 7- Mrs to none other,- is the Damask compleatly ftrip-^*, ed, ufually called Mrs. -Harts’s Role j it is a ; ’ very plentiful, bearer, the Flowers exceeding fweet and very beautiful, and that Garden is defective that is without it.
There are two Roles bear.the name of Bel- 8. The Btl-gick-Rofisj the one of a blurti Colour,, bearing many Flowers at the end of a Branch,1 and thole very fweet, and this Tree is efteemed the greateft beared of all Roles. The other is of a red Colour, very double and beautiful, ' and in good efteem.
r The ordinary Red-Rofe is generally known, We Red the Hungarian Roß is little better, and the RedKol1' Province is efteemed only for its fairnels, as is the Dwarf Red Roß for its humility.
The Röß that moft illuftrates the whole kind IO- Affc is the Roja-mundt, being Red elegantly ftrip’d with White, two 16 divers colours appearing plainly at a diftance; its Scent is weak, but that defedfc is liipplied by its Beauty.
The Marbled Roß is 'a .very fair red Role,11- ^ fully and curioully marked or dappled with dark Colours,-that it very, much relembles ° ' Marble, from whence it hath its Name, arid delerves a place amongft the beft Roles.
The Velvet Rofie is the darkeft of all Roles, 12. The and its Leaf much relembling Velvet, it’s not ^dvtc very double, but lome more than others. ThisRo^' Tree, and the Rofa-mundi3 are very great En-Crealers.
The
G&	CMttof $atueftfng* Bookir.
15- The The Francford Hofe yieldeth large flioots, Kf and is fit for the budding of the yellow Rofe on 0 ' it, the Flowers not much to be commended, nor is that of the Rofe without Thoms, or the Virgin Rofe..
14.	The The Cinamon Roß is in efteem only for its
Sk*0*	Scent and early Blowing, being the firft
' of Roles.
15.	The The vulgar white and blufh Rofisare known
moft, the Rofa Canina fo call’d from its Canina.	whiteneß like unto a Dogs Tooth, yet not fo
perfeftly white as the Vulgar, but much more double, and for that realbn it is efteemed.
Mitslc The double Musk Rofis flower latter than a-Rofes. - 1 hy other Roles except the Monthly Rofi: Their Scent gives them their Name, and delerve a place in yOur Garden, but the fingle called the Spanfi) Musk Rofe, is not of fuch value. iB.- Ever^ ; Qiie fort of the Musk Roles keepeth on its grt!n °ifVgreen Leaves all the Winter, which property hathlmpofed its Name; its Flowers are fingle, yet not to be flighted by the curious. h 19. Double	The vulgar iweet Briar for its exzellent O-
EgUnme.	the Spring, delerve^ a place near your
Houle or places of Repofe, yet notfo much as that which bears a double Bloffom, for which it is preferr’d to it, and is one of the beft of
^' Odoriferous Plants*
2°-pl ‘ The Gelder Rofe, or Gelderland Rofi, fiippo-%rt[r' fed thence'to have its Name, Or rather Elder Rofi, from the likeneß of its Branches tQ_jE/-der, having the name of a Rofi I place it herd, although not in any thing relembling it. ItBook ii. %\)t art of ^attuning*
is a hardy Tree, and' yields great plenty of Snow-white Bunches of Blonoms, and very well becomes a Garden, or a Chimney with a due mixture.
There are divers otherfpccies of Roles, as the 'CbriftalRofe, the Damask Mask Rofe, the Great Apple Rofe, lo called from the bignels of the Berries of Apples that come after its Imall lingle Bloffoms are fallen, &c. But thela muft give wav to thole before mentioned, and therefore it’s needlefs to fay any more of them.
SECT. ir.
Of Ordering of Rofe-Tïeéi.
F) Ofès have been in lo great eftcerri from V. all Antiquity, that the curious have been very diligent in their propagation, amendment and difeovery , lèverai having been in lèverai Ages produced that were hot known to the Times preceding, and various ways have been Invented and found out for their propagation, improvement and prelervation. . ,
The more excellent lores of them haveltic-ceeded very well by grafting on the Stock of the common fweet Brian And by inoculation may they be incfCaled sitii the Stocks of the common Rofe Trees $ the time for this work is about Midfummèr,
O t	A nd*84	Cljc act of '®attieitfn& Bookii.
And when you have thus obtained one Tree of a fort of the more Rate, you may multiply them by laying them, which may be done without the help of Boxes or Pots, the Branches being pliable, and the Tree itlèlf humble, only by bending down the Tree, and laying thé Branches in the Earth, and covering the middle of them, being fir ft prickt with an Awl about fbme joynt, that is to be under the Earth. This may be done in the Spring, fome-times watring the Layers in dry Weather, then in the Autumn moft of the Sprigs will have taken root, and are in their prime to be removed j thefè will never degenerate, and all Cions proceeding from them, will be of the fame.
To make*Ro/tt. bear early, they muft be planted in a very warm place, or on a declining Bank towards the Sun, and irrigated with Water, enriched with the hottcft Dungs or Shavings of Horn and Lime fteeped in Water: fbme fay warm Water will accelerate their blowing.
To make them bear late, the way approved of by feveral upon Experience, is at the time when they begin to bud, to clip or Ihear bff all the Buds, and when other Rofes have done . blowing, thefe will fhoot forth new Buds ; thus may you annually continue this pleafant .Flower longer than naturally it would, by cutting fbme of your Trees, that they may . ceed the other.
SomeBook II, c&eattof ^at&em'ng;.
Some fay, if you cut the tops of,the Trees in the firft of the encreale of the Moon after the Blofloms are faded, that another fhew of Blofloms will appear about Michaelmas ; but the other is the more certain way.
To have Rofes until Chrifmas, you may plant the monthly Role in lome Niech of your South-wall, and you will have Rofe-buds frefli and fair in October, and in mild Winters in Nevember, which by Shutters artificially made, may be defended from the Cold (lometimes admitting the Sun) until Chrifimas, you may add artificial warmth to them if you pleafe: I have had fair Rofe-buds in November, with, younger'by them, which might have been thus prelerved.
Musk Rofes are to be planted againft a high Wall or fide of fome Building, and not check’d in their growth upwards, left you hinder their bearing.
SECT. III.
Of divers other Flower-hearing Trees.
BEfides the great variety of Colours and delightful Scent that the Rofes have for the greateft part of the Summer yielded you, yet there are feveral other lweet and pleafant Ob-jeds Nature hath furniflied you withal; if ^you will lend your affiftance to convey them into your Garden3 of whom none are gratefully pdoriferous than the Jafmins,
m	*&\jz SCI of ^atucmtig/ Book ii.
Nor knows be well to make his Garden Jhine, With all delights, who Jragrant JaJJemine^, Negteffs to cherijh.--	RapinUs.
j, Tello™ The moft common is the Yellow JaJJemine, Jjft mine, but the Whi,te far exceeds it in Beauty, and J Rimine, yielding one of the moft Odoriferous Flowers J '■ * in Nature, as the perfumes made thereof Wit-nels. In the Autumnal Seafon, thefelaft fur-nifti you with many Blofloms for a longtime, until the Froft prevent them, both thele require the help of a Wall or Pallifkdej their Branches being but flender and weak, yep enduring the moft levere Colds.
Jedun	The Indian JaJJemine, or the Mexican
iftmui:. jIHxQchttle is a Plant requires a tall Wall to a-fpire againft : At every joynt it hath finali Claws or Tendrils, infinuating into Brick, Wood, or any other penetrable liibftance, and requires but fmall affiftance to prune it, it affords a beautiful Scarlet Bloffom in America, being one of the Ingredients to the famous Drink Chocolate.
The two former Jaflemines are great En-creàfèrs, and all of them may be increafed by Layers.
q.TatPtr-' Nor inferiour to the beft of the former, fuk Jift- is ths Yerjlan JaJJemine, for that it is a beautiful mnu Shrub, yielding in the prime of the Summer moft pleafant and well icented Blofloms,whichk welcome you to the choiceft Flowers, Trees will yield. ' As thQ-Perjtan Nuts axid Iris} ft) the •	■ ‘ I H 1 ’ I '	■' Per-Book il c§e 3rt of ®aroenfn&	87
Perflanfaffemins^TQCQdQ in Bloflom, all others in reiped of time, and therefore are the more valued $ they are eafily increafed by Layers.
Not much unlike in Bloflom to the laft, is 5* Me Li• the blew Syringa Pipe-Tree, or Lilac, the white ^ac^' is more rare, being but of humble growth, the Bark of a whitiln Colour, the Leaves of a very pleafant pale Green, affording you Branches of fine fcented white Flowers in April and May, and is a Tree yielding Suckers plentifully, but the beft is that of a purple Colour, which two laft very well merit Room in your choiceft Avenues.
This is another Tree, that beareth the name 6. Syringa. of Syringa or Lilac, which never rifeth fo high as either of the other, but beareth many clutters of Flowers, of a faint white or wild Primrofe colour, yielding a ftrong Sweet, al-moft like unto that of Orange Flowers.
The double blolfomed Pomegranate Tree, is 7. BaUnf cfteemed the rareft of all flowring Trees,tim' yielding fb pleafant a Branch, and a much more Iuftrious Bloflom.
Pomegranates next their Glory vindicate,
Their Boughs in Gardens pleaflng Charms create,
Nothing their flaming Purple can exceed,
From the green Leaf the golden Flowers proceed.
This Tree defervcs the choiceft place in ^your Garden, and under the warpelt Wall, being tender vyhilft young,butafter very hardy; fhe Flovvers are double, fair and beautiful,
Q 488	^nijeartflf ©atuenfitff* Bookii.
exceeding all others, born by Trees: they ■ are eafily propagated by Layers.
This delicate Plant delerves a little of your Care and Affidance, in leparating from it the many Suckers that ulually proceed from it, and keep it to a few or but one Branch, and Sometimes enrich the Ground with well con-filmed Hog's dung 5 for it is the plenty of Nou-rilhment nukes them apt to Bloffom, and too many Branches or Suckers; rob them of it; you peed not houle them, but if you doubt your Wall Bands too open to the cold Winds, which only can hurt them, it is but taking a Mat, qr placing a Skreen before them in the Winter, to defend them from it. s. Dwarf	The dwarf Almond is a very humble Shrub,
Almonds. Hearing in April many fine Peach-coloured Bloflqms, and is a very plealant Plant, and yields plenty of Cions, it delerves a place in your Garden, and needs not to be houled, it enduring all Weathers; in fbme years it bears Almonds of a very bitter tali.
9-	The MezArion, from whence foever tran-
riofl' {ported, is one of the mod hardy Plants in Nature, fending forth its plealant, beautiful, and odoriferous Flowers in the colded Seafons of this Northern Climate, ulually in January, and continues in Bloffom in February and . , March, after them Leaves, and then its Coralline Berries, by whom it is increaled. The Shrub is of a very loft confidence, and although cold will not kill it, yet is it very ten^ der in the choice of its Ground, I liippole a
light[Book ii. dje att of. {Battening»	89
light Ground, or a very moift are not proper for : it, Heat being more oflenfive to it than Cold.
There are three forts of them, the one of a 1 Peach colour, another more red being not fo io.Tht St-«common,the other and the moll rare is the white.Ht Tru'
There are two fortsof Smi Trees} the great ? Baftard Sena, and the Scorpion Sena} both of [ them yielding a plcafant Leaf, and fine yellow Bloffom, not unbecoming a good Florift’s i Garden, they are (lender and require the help tof a Wall, endure all Weathers, are tonfile, and therefore reducible into any order, and n. spirt*, are increafed by Seeds, Layers or Suckers. - Frutex.
The Shrub Spirea is a finall Tree, bearing i fin all Peach-coloured Bloffoms about the r Month of Augufiy it’s a hardy Tree, and is in-iz. Arbor xreafed by Layers.	• Jnd<e.
The Judas Tree yields a fine purplifh bright
>	l ed Bloffom in the Spring, and is increafod by 13. ia.hr-
< Suckers and Layers.	num•
The Bean Trefoyly fo termed from the like-i nefs of its Leaves to the Herb Trefoyl, and its : Pods to Beans, it affords many fine yellow H Bloffoms, and is a very pleafant though com-i mon Tree j it is increafed by Seeds, Cuttings,
.and Layers, and requires fome artificial helps
>	to fupport its weak Branches $ there are three
i kinds of thefe, the Ifnalleft is called Cytifasfe- 14.Sper.ilh , cundus Clufii.	Broom.
Not much unlike to the yellow Jaffemine is [ the Spanifl7 Broomy only its Flowers are like our Ordinary Broom, as are the Cods, only lar-£ ger: It flowers in May3 and is increafed by \ Seeds and Suckers.	TheCfje sm Of ^atOeiUlt^ Book II 15:Virgins The double virgins Bower is a climbing; Bewcr. Tree, fit to cover fome place of Repofe, or to be fupported by Props for that purpofe; it, bears many dark blew double Flowers in July* \ Auguft, and until the Cold prevents them:: You may cut off moft of the fmalleft Branches in the Winter, it (hoots early, and (breads ve-ry much hi a Summer; it is eafily increafed I by Layers.
There are of them fingle, both purple andI red, but this double is to be preferred.
16. Wood-	The Honey-fuckle, efpecially either of the binds. more generous kinds of it, is a Plant which 1
though vulgar, yet deferves our Pains in propagating it. The double and the red are the 1 moft choice, and are eafily propagated by Layer?.
17. Peri-	Veriplocx is a Plant that twifts it (elf about:
floca.	a Pole as doth the Hop,it lives over the Winter,
and yearly puts forth (mall blew Bloffoms, is increafed by Layers, and entertained in Gardens only for variety fake, and not for its beauty.	‘
18.	Althea Of the Shrub Mallow, there are two forts, fntmfi. the pLirple and the White, they endure the
Winter, are ulually planted Standards, bring: forth their Flowers in Augutt and September, until the Wet or Gold prevent them $ the Tree is increafed by Layers. The Bloffoms refemble the Bloffoms of a Mallow, whence it hath its Name, and is a fair Autumnal Ornament to your Gardenf for it buds and blows very latd^ in the Year.
Hyper-:>Bbok n. c&e %tt of <0atoem'H£. 9*
Hypericum Frutex is a Shrub yielding' abutl-19. Hyptrir sdance'of fmall Sender {hoots, which in May,™**' are very thick fee with ImaU' white Blofloms,Frutex' :that the Tree feems to be all hoary with Froft, or covered with (now: it is increafed by 1 Suckers, and endures all Weathers, and very •well becomes the choiceftGardens.
There is a fort of Peach-Tree, yielding 20* DoubU double Flowers fair and beautiful, deferves ■place under your WalT.	,r«f
The like there is of Cherries, a fort that 21. Double bears a fair white Bloffom very double, but/®wfr’^ yielding no Fruit as doth that of the Peach*,trry' yet a welcome Plant to a good Florifh
There are Apple Trees and Pear Trees,
Ithat yield double Flowers, but they are nor fo imucli regarded.
Thus by propagating and preferving fuch Flower-bearing Trees and Shrubs, may you jhave your Garden and Groves replete, with ;great variety of curious Flowers from the end tof January, when the hardy Mezerion expoles :its feveral coloured fweet feented Bloffoms to 'your view, until the cruel Frofts and Winds -.check the Monthly Rofe, Jthea, fruticofa, Virgins Rower, and white JajJemme j and lb Ithroughout the whole Summer between thofe 'two cxcreams, and that without the trouble of »removing, altering, lhading, skreening from Xold or other Inconveniencies, which moft <o;her Flowers are fubje6f unto, and are therefore much rather to be preferred; yet if you .«are willing to undergo the little trouble of defending9*	Wjt 3ft Of ^acUeniltff* Book IIJ
defending the Monthly Rofes or White Jafl'c- \ tmnes, you may have bloiloms from thefe later, * and Rofes. even until Chrifimas.
CHAP. III.
Of BoWout-rooted Flouvers.
NExt unto the Slower-hearing Trees are-thole of Bulbous-roots to be prefer-i red, for their eafie propagation and*' management, and durablenels in all feafonsr hot and cold.
SECT. (
Of Tulips.
OF all Bulbous-rooted Flowers the Tultp hath obtained, and not undefervedly.v the preference, yielding (o great a Variety.v that they are not here to be enumerated, eve-? ry year producing new Flowers. Nor is it all! the words I can invent, can convince you ofi< the beauty of thele Glories of Nature, but! muft refer you to the choice your felf,or Frieiuli for you, can make out of that Magazine ol: Varieties that are cohered by the ingenious! Florilts.	Theiu9%
rôook il Côe act m
Their Colours are various, from the, deepeft jly of any other Flowers to the pureft White, mtermixt with the brighteft Yellow, tranfceri-rient Scarlet, grave Purple, and many other compounds of thefe inclining to the Blew and Green.
Many double Tulips are how railed, where-bf there is fome variety.
Their Seafôn of blowing continued long, c.he Pracoces or early Tulips,, beginning Ibme of :;hem to blow at the Vernal Æquinox, thé ■nMedias which are the prime, continue all A-■fril, and fometimes the half of May, till the tend whereof the Strotints or late flowring. 7#-iips continue.
When ,the principal of them difplay their Colours in the heat of the day, there is not' a more glorious fight in Nature, nor is it to be imitated by Art, no Limner, nor Painter dares iretend to fo great skill: But as all things elfe rhat are in excels are fooneft apt to decline, lb rhefe that exceed all Others in beauty and lu-tire, fooneft fade ; not any of them continuing in its Glory above eight or ten days, un-tSis the mildnels of the Weather, or fome artificial /hade preferve them ; nor are they fuc-.deeded by any other from the fame root.
Tulips are not only preferved by taking them :ip yearly, when the ftalks are turning yellow, >r begin to bedry,but are by that means multiplied and increased exceedingly. The ufiial . vay is to take them up at that convenient ■rime,' and fprçad them thin on, fome board or
floorf*
C&e m jjf omening* Book iu.
Boor until they are thorough dry/ then cut off t the Balks, and f© let the foots lye in fòme box; or boxes, or btber convenient places until Sep-i tember, orOttober, in a-dry place, but not ini, the Suh-or Wind ; then Sfeparate the main Bulbs: < from the leffer Chives, taking all that are large ; (and round though finali) for Roots that will!? yield you Flowers thè next year, and for therm i in the places appointed for them, but let the -ground be digg’d or otherwife loolened, than, the Root may the better dilate it felf and en-s creale .'/* for in a narrow or Biff hole, youtj> Root wifl remain till the next year as you left!. it. ,
It is not good to take them lip after they, have foot their Fibres or fmall Springs, unti'} after they have flower'd, leaft it hinders theiii flowring, and perhaps perirti them.
When you plant them, flick into the grounc i by them fmall flicks marked with the numeral Letters, which you may do ad infinitum^ anc. in a fmall Book for that pur pole, may you in: fert the mark and name of the Flower.
“When you take them'up and dijperfo thenn into Boxes or other Receptacles you may transfer the marks with them.
The ground you plant them in,.ought no: to be too luxurious^ this .Noble Flower is com tent with a little Room and poor Soy 1; ,
„} .In the worfl Mold this 'Flower better thrives^, /" And barren Barth mirracnlouJlygives. ’ •
. mm9jr
Book ii. act of <£actiemn&.
More beauty to it, than a fertile ground,
And when leaB flrong jt is n?aB comely found,
The vulgar field or hazle Earth, with a little mixture of Sand in it is the heft, for the rich-mels of the Soyl caufes them to run (as they term it) into dark and plain Colours. But if your ground be naturally rich, or that your Tulips have grown feveral years in it, you may abate it, and fupphr it With that which is fit, «or lay a bed of landy Earth about a finger Ithicknefs below the bulb, when it is inits'proper •place, that fo the Fibres may receive a'check. Tulips may be railed in January and )B"ebruary ton hot beds, but they mult be the Practices that .are to flower early.
Some prescribe to. plant your Tulips in a. [natural Earth lomewhat impoveriftied with Sand, fothat a little hel6w the -root the Earth »may be better within reach of the Fibres^;
If the ground be digg'd where your. Tulips [flood the laft year, it is equal to a change^of Mould, the roots rately falling tnto the.'fame Tarth again where they were before. . ; : Your finall Cions or GfPfets you rqay^lant ;in a Eed by themfelves, which will furnHh.yop :,at another time with great variety..
As Tulips run or degenerate, take them up «and. plant them in your outward Groves, :your : prime Colours will multiply faft enough. , Tulips that are apt to decline towards a ladder Colour, may be taken up a little before : they cdme to flower, and laid in the Sun to a-
bate96	C6e art of <$attienf!ig* Bookii.
bate their luxury, which will make them come i better the year following.
From fuch Tulips, that have their Tamis, t (that is the feed-like things that Hand up about 3 the Seed-Veffel) and bottoms of dark Colours, , and their Seed-Veffel three fquare, may Seeds ,i be obtained when they are thorough ripe in r June or Julj, that may after a long expe&ati- • on afford you great variety of Flowers. Thefe: Seeds may be fowri in September 3 and every y two years removed until they yield Bloffoms;. but this labour and patience are too great for i an ingenious, and fit only for a dull Florifl.
The often removing of the roots of Tulipsv and their Off lets itito various ground, gives\i you a great encreale, and great variety of Co- < lours"; without that .tedious way of railing,? them. - <
It is hot good to let a Tulip ftand too longp after iti hathr blown; left by weakning the:? root it may ^prevent' its blooming the next: year.*"
2. OfFxi- BMW next °f kin to the Tulip lsih^Fnttlla-i tillaries. Us whereof there is fome variety, as the white/ yellow; red/ dark1 coloured, lom'e’ of them? checquered, and thence called the checqueredb Tulip3 but the double is-the moft rare, thein fealons and manner of ordering much like than of the Tulip, only the dry Roots ought to be. planted about the beginning of Auguft. •
-	.’d , < ■ S ‘	*. ,	* V
sect;97
Book IL; atrfc of
SECT. If.
Of Hyacinths and Star-Flowers. '
THE Hyacinths are all bulbous rooted;
except the tuberous rooted Indian Ftya-cintb, which we relerve for the Confervatory: The forts of them that are termed Mulcaries : or Grape-flowers, whereof there are many di-verfities, as yellow', alh-coloured, red, white; blew , and sky-coloured , are pretty things, and may for variety-fake, but not for their1 : beauty be planted;
But there are other varieties of them, às the* fair hair a branched Jacinth, the fair curled hair'd Jacinth, thé blew, white, and blufli/ fiarry' i Hyacinth of Peru, and the blew Lilly-leaved ftarry Hyacinth, that yield fair Flowers on large*
: Stalks that adorn younGarden arid Flower-pots.
' Thefe flower in May and may be removed in . Àuguft, they lofe not their Fibres, and are : therefore not to be kept long out of the i ground.
There are lèverai Ions of them that lofe their I Fibres, and may be kept longer out of the à ground, and are to be prefen’d to the other,
] for that they confie early in the year from Fe-1 bruary until April, and are very fweet and t^Svell coloured.
The principal whereof is the gréât (Jrrén-1
LT9%	Bookn.
tal Hyacinth , called Zimbul Indi, or "Pas toot, of ~CeleJfial Hyacinth, from its fair Bloffoms.
Some are more double, as well white as blew, and therefore are to be efteemed, the vulgar arefome white, fome of a cream colour, others of a deep blew, and feme of a pale, but all are very becoming a Garden in the Spring of the year, before they are over-matched with Flowers of a nobler hue.
&f Star-	The neareft of kin unto the Hyacinths, are
flowers.	star flowers, whereof fome of them are va-
luable, as ths Ornithogalum Arabicum, or Star-flower sot Arabia, which flowers in May; the great white Star of Bethlehem in June 5 the Star-flower of Naples in April, and the Ethiopian in AuguH : Thefe of Arabia and Ethiopia are tender, and coming out of fo hot Countries, will not endure our fevere Winters, therefore their Bulbs muft be planted in rich warm Earth in Boxes or Pots, and fecured in Winter from Frofts.
SECT. III.
Of Daffodills.
TH E Narcijjm is a Flower fo well known, that its needlels to fpend many words on it, but for its great variety, bright colour, and early flowring, the better kind of thenW deferve to be planted here and there under
your 'Book n. e art of ©attenta
your Groves and Avenues, and other Shades where they prolper very well, and wafte no ground : they are hardy Plants, and multiply much, fome of them are white and fweet lcented, blowing late in the Spring; fome are Angle, others double, and others very double,' fome bear many Flowers on a Stalk, others but one ; lb that from the end of February to the beginning of May, they furnilh you with Flowers for your Pots.
The Jonquils are of the lame kinds and afford lome variety, and flower much aboutthe lame time with the Daffodils.
The Leucoium or Bulbous-Violet is reckoned amongft the Daffodils; it is lometimes called the Snow-drop,becaule it fliews its Snow-white Flowers lometimes in January, and generally not long after, for which early blowing it is efteemed.
SECT- IV.
Of Lillies.
UNder this Name have been of old many famous Flowers. Some imagine the moil illuftrious Tulip was once intended by it, when Solomon's Glory was efteemed inferior to one of them ; but there is little reafon for that opinion: for in Pliny's time , near about ther time of our Saviour’s being upon Earth, the Y Lilly was in great efteem $ than which, no Flower was more in requeft in the choiceft-’ H m	" Gar dens^too	%\)t 3tt of ^atueitfitg* Bookii.
Gardens, except the Rofe, which Solomon him-felf admired as well as the Lilly ; and then the Tulip was but a hedge Flower, and lo remains in the AJian Continent, as is reported: Neither is there any Flower of that tranlcendent whitenefs (an Emblem of Purity and Inno-cency) as the Lilly.
But there are of feveral Colours and Sealbns, Flowers that are of that Family : As for the Crown /a,. Spring the Crown Imperial, fingle and double, penal. orange-coloured, red and yellow, they are but dull Flowers.
Red Lilly Then there are the vulgar Red Lilly ; fingle and double, whereof only the double is worthy your notice.
mite Lilly. The White Lillies, both fingle and double, are planted in molt Gardens for their Colour, and the ufe of their Roots, which in Vliny's time added much to the reputation of the Plant.
Martagon. Of Martagons there is great diverfity, the Imperial, the White, white (potted, Red and red Jpotted, Yellow and yellow Jpctted, with divers other variations, but none of great value.
SECT.
Book II, c&e at* of iSat&enittQb ioi
SECT. V.
Of Saffron Flowers.
TH E Colchicums or Meadow Saffron , (o Of the Col-termed, being firft taken out of the chicum‘ Meadows. Thefe Flowers are called Naked Boyes, becaufe they appear naked out of the Earth, and are withered and gone before the green leaves appear.
Of thefe Colchicums there is fome variety be-fides the plain colour, fome ftriped, others chequered, whereof the Colchicum Cbio is the raoft beautiful, but the double is the morefplen-did, gracing your Garden in the Autumn when moft other Flowers are faded. All thefe variegated and double Flowers are1 to be efteem-ed for that they come fo late in the year, and make a delicate medly : they put forth their green leaves early in the Spring following, and when thofe wither they may, be taken up and encreafed, and replanted about the end of August following.
The Crocus or Saffron-flower, fb called from 0g Crt, its refembling that Plant in Root, Leaf, and cls. Flower. There are great variety of thefe Flowers, and much variegated or fbiped with White, Yellow, and Purple, their three principal Colours.
H 3	. Theyioi	%\)t §tt Of	Book II.
They bring forth their pleafant, but jfhorc Bloflbms in February and March $ there are fome of them Autumnal that flower in September and OBober, as doth the true Saffron : the Roots are taken up when the Leaves wither, and planted again about a Month or two before their flowring time : they increafe very fhuch , And adorn the 'edges of Borders., or .dole under Walls or Pales.
SECT. VI.
Of feveral other bulbous rooted Flowers.
THere are feveral other bulbous rooted
_v_____ Blowers, which for variety are to be en-
(y. tertaihed, as the Moly, whereof there are many different forts that are in flower in May, June) and July, and ferve to mix in your Flowerpots and Chimnies: they are planted and increafed as other hardy Bulbs.
Of AJpho-	The AJfhodils are of no great beauty ; but
dils. may be planted and increafed as other Bulbs for their variety.
Oi Spider-	As maY	Fhaldngium or Spider-wort, where-
port. of there are the White and the Blew, fome flower in May and June, but the Blew in Au-guB and September.
of Con- Gladiolus or Com Flagg, there are feveral fags.' forts, Red and white, and ferve only for Flo- W wer-pots and Chimnies, are hardy, and to
beBook u. c&eactof ®attietun& 103
be planted and increafed as the other Bulbs.
Of the' Satyr ions, or Bee-flowers , or Gnat- Of tht Or• flowers,, there is lome diverfity> they are takenci}^' out of the Fields and Meadows, are very beautiful where they are remote from the place of their extra&ion, they are very tender, and therefore are cautioufly to be removed, they are to be taken up Earth and all, unlefs you can obferve to find them when dry, you muft endeavour to plant them in ground connatural to that from whence they came.
The Doggs-tootb Violet3 lo called from the ofDtns likenels of its Bulb to Dogs-tooth, there arc of Canimts: them Purple, Red, White, and Yellow^ they are much in efteem being brought far, and difficult to be obtained,'not increafing in this Country ; they are, planted in good tiitural (not dunged) Soil, about the. middle .of Aur guff, and flower in Marche , . !	; hiJ
The Cyclamen or Sowbread for their curious and odoriferous Bloflbms, rare received inlthe Gardens of the bell floxifl*.
t •*.,	X..	I
The Grecian Cyclamen from far they bring,
The Red and White both flourifh in the Spring,
: Some forts of them alfo flower in the Autumn, and one or other of thefo Beauties adorn your .Garden from April to October,
Their Roots do not lode their Fibres, and rare therefore difficultly removed, their time [«of removing is in June or July, or before their time of blowing. They are railed of Seeds H 4	whichio4 &f)e art of <$artiemn& Bookii.
which muft be Ibwh, as fbon as ripe-/ in Boxes, ' ahd'th^n at two years end tranlplanted into yob? Garden, where, they will endure any weather;•"	-
voui tbevo;no: u\ 03X^m,(1ir
ro’{ ■ru I iSl6%1 vir: •
ffi/rr» r:://	_ . •	' ' - •	■'
^ . Ofihe lris, Bulbous, andTuberofe.
of the B«i- *TpO conclude this Chapter of Bulbous-rooted busts iris.', X1 ^Flowers, I ihall here infert the Iris} there 1 being of them as well With Bulbous as Tubercle Roots, not that they are inferiour in beauty totaW of thole preceding, except the Tulip but ‘that I am Uhwilling to divide them ] whofeFlower6 retain the lame Form, although L . _ they differ in their Roots.
, JSfdw. Ins (firings which firom the heavenly bow Is nam'd, and doth as. many Colours jhow ;
Its Species, and its Tinftures different are, According to the Seafins' ofthe Year. )
Rapinus.
The Bulbous afford Very great variety, loriie of u them (as the Persian} flowering in February or l March, others in Aprils Maf, June, and July.. There are lome oi them very fair and beautifuls -their, Colours are either blew, Purple, , Alh-coloured, Peach-coloured, Yellow, White^ ,br Variegated. Their Roots may be taken*
up-Book it Cfje act of ^acoentng/	îo$
up as loon as the Leaves begin to wither, for loon after they are quite withered, the Bulbs will iffue out more Fibres, and then it is too late to remove them, otherwile you may keep them dry till AugfiH. '	;
They delight in a good Ground, but not too rich, on, a funny bank, but not too hot to the South or WeH ; the fytfiern Alpeét is the beft.
Thole Flower-de-Luces, with tuberous Roots, oftheTuln* are not altogether lo various' as the Bulbous, rtft Iris. yet affording to the ingenious Florift many curious Flowers, the belt and moft excellent whereof is the Chalcedonian Iris, vulgarly called the Toad Flag from its dark marbled Flower. This Species of them ought to be carefully ordered, elle it will not thrive well, it requires a warm and rich Soil to be planted in, and becaufe it is apt to Ihoot forth its green Leaves before Winter, it experts to be a little defended from the Cold. Thele Bulbs may be taken up when the Leaves begin to be dry, and kept lome time in the houle, and then replanted in September, or October, which will make them thrive the better.
The other forts of the Tuberofe rooted Flower-ify-Luces, are much more hardy, and increafo exceedingly in good Ground, and are therefore not fo fit for your choiCQÏïGarden.
CHAP.®0e act of eatscm'its. Book n.
106
CHAP. IV.
Of Tnberofe Rooted Flowers.
AFter having paffed over thofe curious Plants and Flowers, that are with the leaft Pains and Care to be planted, propagated and prelerved, I Ihall now give you a brief Account of luch that are a little more difficult to be managed, yet require they no more trouble than they Efficiently recompence with their moftpleafant Flowers: The moft fele<ft whereof is the Anemone.
SECT. I.
Of Anemones.
TH E Anemone, which is a Grecifm, figni-fying Win A, thence it is called the Wind Flower, for that it is oblerved never to open, but whenthe Wind blows, or at leaft in thole Countries where it is naturally produced, it may have that property. It was in great e-fteem amongft the Ancients for the beauty of ^ its Flowers mix’d in their Chaplets and Garlands,
ai- ,©ok n. Wqz act of tfattienfttg» 107
•though then there were not a tenth part of hat variety of them^ that now the curious ave collected and propagated.
. It is one of the Beauties of Nature, and the :10ft excellent that Seafon can afford, bear-:ig fuch different Flowers, that they make the fold March almoft equal in Glory to the Summer, which is a wonder that fuch foft Flowers nd Tyrian and Scarlet Dyes ftiould be produ-;ed in fo early a Seafon, which are ufually :he effects of a continued Calidity.
What angry Deity did fir ft expo/e3
To the rough Tempefis and more rigid Snows3
The [oft Anemone, whofe comely Grace,
A gentler Seafon and a better place Dejerves : ,for when with native purple bright,
It ffews its Leaves to the propitious light,
With different Colours firip'd and curled Flames3 Encompafi'd it our love and wonder claims.
There is not any other that outvies
This Flower s curl'd Leaves or numerous Dyesf
Nor the Sidonian Art could ere compofe,
So Jweet a bluff as this by Nature ffows.	Rapinus.
As of the Tulips, fo of thefe, the beft way E to pleafe yourfelf in your Election from the hew of them. The ufual defcriptions can next' fufficiently nor fatisfadorily inform you of 'heir real worth.
They are generally of two forts, broad sav’d Anemones, and narrow leav’d Anemones, hofe with narrow leaves much referable ParF
ley,io8 C&e art of tfaftenfitff* Book ei
ley, whence they were anciently called Rop Var{ley> or the Farjley Rofe.
The Soil wherein they delight muft be fa,] and rich, manured with Sheeps dung, ancri Neats dung, with a little mixture of Lime, ah thorowly rooted.
About the end of September, or beginningr of OBober, you may plant your Latfoies, 0.0 broad leav’d Anemones about three finger: deep, and about a Month after your TenuP foies or narrow leav’d Anemones which yield thei.:1 Flowers after the other.
But if you defign to have them more early f you may plant them fooner, and with Mat-f lecure them againft the Cold, and give them1 all advantages of the Sun and warm Rainsrr for,the Frolts are very apt to nip their Leaver when above ground, and impede their flow?-ering for that year.
If you defire Anemones to flower late, then.-keep them out of the ground as long as you< can, fome will abide out of the ground until: February or March, and plant them in fliady' ’ places, or artificially fiiade them. Thus you « have Anemones after the ufiial natural time oio flowering.
:When their green Leaves turn yellow, on about the end of June, or in July, you may; take them up and preferve the Roots dry, dill the feafon for interring them, for after they» have loft their Fibres, they are apt to perilh by; the humidity of the Earth: the place youi keep them in ought to be cool as well as dry. -1.	I)3ook ii. cije act of ©afl&ttffltf. 109
It is very injurious to the Larifoles to break their Roots, which fhould only be parted as rhey are naturally apt to be divided, but the 17emifoles will endure an eafie Rupture or Seif ture.
If you prelerve your Anemone Roots in a cool place, until the middle of January, and :hen plant them, they will be the more le-eure from the injuries of bad weather $ much wet prejudiceth as well as fevere cold.
As your Anemones are prejudiced by overmuch Wet,, lb do they require and delerve a I'ittle irrigation in very dry Springs, and will lufficiently gratifie you ; a little /hade will al-:o advantage them in the hotteft times of the Jay.	.
In May will thefe Flowers bear Seeds, which gathered and (own in July, in good fifted Earth, in Beds or Boxes, will produce great Varieties in the third or fourth year after.
Mix the down that contains the Seeds, with "ome fair dry Earth, and rub it together in a wooden Venel, and the Seeds will mix with the Earth, by which means you may lowe them equally, be lure to /owe them not too thin.
After you have fown your Seeds, lift Earth apon them about half a finger in thicknels, when they have been come up about a Month, aft more Earth finely over them about half an inch, and cover them at lome diftance all the next Winter.
The«a €fle act of tfarteiifnef. Book m
The AuguH following, you may remove* them into convenient Beds, where they may j remain till they bear Flowers, at which time:; you may cull them as you pleafe.
Forget not a gentle irrigation to your young! Anemones in dry Weather, for it will much! forward then}, as will a little artificial fhada at opportune jfeafbns.
OfRanun- The Ranunculus or Crowfoot, being fo near tulus. jn relemblance to the Anemone, differ very; little from them in their ordering.
They exceed all Flowers whatever in the richneis of their Colours, nor is their any' Flower lo fine and fair, as are the larger forts] of them.
Their times of Flowering, taking up, and* planting, are near about the fame time as the; Anemones, but they agree better with a richer: Mould than the other.
They are not fo apt to multiply their Roots; unlefs their Ground be rich and light \ there- ; fore it is by the mod skilful pretcribed, to lay a broad bed of old Thatch or almoft rotten Straw, and on that to lift fine rich Earth fix. or eight inches thick, and therein to plant your Ranunculus's3 wherein they will thrive and increafe.
If you plant them early in the Winter they muft be defended from the Iharp Wind!, and Frofts, but if late, there is no necefiitr of it, they are fomewhat more tender than the Anemone.
IrrigationBook It. %\)z 0tt of ^atocitfn^
Irrigation in a dry ieaion , much advantages this Flower, as it doth the Anemone.
SECT. n.
Of Peonyes.
THis although a common Flower, yet yields the faireft and moft double Blot fom of any, and very well becomes your Chimney or Flower-pots. But the White, Purple, and changeable Peonyes are acceptable in the Gardens of the beft Florifis, and the tingle Peonyes in the Phy tick Garden, for their fpedfical 1 virtues of their Roots againft the moft dange-i rous of Difeales.
The manner of their planting and ordering i is known to moft that have any intereft in a Garden, only it is neceffary to underftand, i that September and Ottober are the fitteft times for their tranlplaotation.

CHARtil
cije 3ït of eatnettiits. Boo^u.
X
CHAP. V.
Of divers other SeleSt Flowers.
SECT. I
Of Giliiflowers.
NOtwithftanding the Flower-bearing Trees are compleat Ornaments with little trouble ; the Bulbous rooted Flowers fo illuftrious that they merit great e-fteem from the raoft curious, being lefs (iib-je& to Calii aides than moft others, and the Tuberofe Roots yield fuch incomparable Beauties in the Spring ; yet muft they concede to the Gilliflower, the pride of the Summer, that-hath its (cent as pleafing as its variegations beautiful.
Lovely Carnations then their Mowers dilate',
Ihe worth of them is, as their Beauty, great. Their Jmell is excellent.-—	Rapinusi.
Their Colours are not many, but infinitely and varioufly compounded, and being fo eafily
andII
Book ii. mje at* of and frequently raifed of Seed, do annually produce new mixtures, and thole have impo-fed on them new Names, that k is impoflible to give you a true account of them j therefore it will be more proper for you to pleafe your own fancy, or confide in the integrity of a Gardener, than to truft to the lame delcriptions you may meet withal, or to the florid Names that are given them, onpurpofe to beget your admiration of liich that little delerve it.
Their times of Flowering are generally in July and Augutt, fometimes the early Buds may yield you Flowers in June, but their latter Buds in September and October, and by careful defending them in November.
The right Dutch Gilliflowers rarely produce Seed here, but when they do, you muft prefer ve it from wet till it be ripe, then gather it and lay it by in the Husk, until the Spring.
In May, after the cold Nights are fpent, is a good time to fowe thele Seeds, which ought to be on good Earth, in fome fliady place where it may have the Morning or Evening Sun only.
They fliould be Town thin, and the Earth fifted over it half a Finger thick.
In AuguFt or September following, you may remove them into their proper Beds, and the Summer following, they will inform you of their worth by their Flowers. The Angle and poorer fort reject, and thofe that blow fair and whole, or are well marked, preferve.
For the fir$ Winter after fowing them, I	therem att of ®amm'n&. Book n.
there is little danger of their being hurt by Cold, in that particular they are like the ftock Gillifloivers, which in their nrft Winter are ex-tream hardy, and in the fecond very tender.
You may plant your belt Gilliflowers in Pots filled with Earth for that purpofe, that you may give them Sun or Rain, according to the Seafon of the Year, and as they require.
Plant them not under a Wall or other Fence, that may refled the heat of the Sun upon them, for they delight in an open Air, and not in intemperate Heat.
Great Rains, efpecially in the Winter and Spring, prejudice them much, therefore you are to defend them from it equally as from Cold. Thofe Flowers that are planted in Beds, and not in Pots, are to be defended from Wet and Cold as there is occafion, by lome Cover or Shelter to place over them, which mult be open at the top, or on one fide: The fitted: for this occafion, are old Bee hives, with a Door of about a Span fquare on the . fide that may be open off from the Weather, which you defend them againft.
You may increafe your Flowers by laying them in June, July and August, but in June or July is the bed time, the method is thus : Firft trim your Slip you intend to lay by clipping off the fide Leaves, and topping the o-ther, then with a lharp Pen-knife cut a Tongue half through, from one of the middle Joynts under the Slip, to the nextjoynt towards you, beginning next the R.o0t, and cutting upwards,
loofenBook il. CfjeSlttof teafSeftthtf* fiy
looferpthe- Earth Under'it; and with a finall hooked'Stick force it down, that the Tongue or Slit may open, and the end of the Slip point upwards, cover it with Earthy artd water it, which irrigation muft be reiterated according as the drought of the feafon requires it.’
If the Slips be fo high that they cannot be bent to the Ground with eafe, then take a ffnall Earthen Pot with a flit on the fide, in which you may difpofe of your Slip as you defire.
About a Month after, your Layers will have taken Root, then may you take them off with foine of the adhering Earth, and plant them in their places prepared for them.
But if any fhould not have taken root, you may anew lay them, and make the Cut a little deeper,' and fo let them remain till the Spring,’ and then you may plant them out as you lee fit.
Plant your Layers not too deep, for thereby many a good Plant hath been fpoiled.
A Cave or Pit made in fonie place in your Garden; would be very convenient to place your Pots of Flowers in, for there no Winds nor fevere Frofts can annoy them, the driving'
Rains alfo cannot much offend them.
The Morning Sun is the moft benign to'your Gilhflowers'; therefore you may defend your moll choice from the Afternoon SunJ by tome artificial Skreen, in cafe you have no place' naf rurally pofited for that piirpofe: T||is to be done before, - and in blowing time. •
I t	Ttfn6	C&e art of ^artJeitfnnb Book li
To have Gilliflowers or Carnations (as they are vulgarly termed from thofe ancient Englijh Flowers that were ufually of a Flefh Colour ) during the moft part of the Winter, they may be placed in Pots, in fbme convenient Room open to the South, and to be fhut at plea fin e to defend them from the Gold, unlefs to give them the benefit of the warm Sun; at Noon fometimes, or a little Southerly Rain, into which Room may be conveyed fbme warmth from your ordinary Fire, or elfe a Fire therein on purpofe, I fuppofe a Lamp may be maintained burning at an eafie Expence in a dole Room, which may be fufficient to defend them from Froft, a conftant though fmall Heat will effect much, the Lamp may alfb be enlarged as the Room or feverity of the Weather requires; the fmoak of the Lamp may be conveyed away by a Funnel over it for that purpofe : thus may many other Rarities be prelerved over the Winter at an eafie Charge.
The Earth about your Gilliflowtrs, ought to be renewed once in two Years at the leaft, for by that time they have exhaufted the better and more appropriated part of the Earth or Soyl.
Your Flower Pots ought to have holes in the bottom, to let out the fiiperfluous moi-flure, and alfb in cafe you are willing to water your Flowers, you may dip the Pots half way into a Tub of Water prepared, the one. after the other j and the Earth will attrad the Water through the holes, which is much better than fprinkling.	IfBook ii. Cfic 3ct of ^atHenmg;*	n?
If you have any GiUflowers that are broken., irnall., or Angle, you may graff on them other Gtlliflowers that are more choice, but graff them in the moft woody part of the Stalk j the beft way is by whip-graffing.
Pidgeons Dung being the hotteft of Dungs, applied about the Roots of GiUflower s3 makech them flower the more early.
To defend your Gtlliflowers from the injury of Cold and Froft, fuch of them that are placed in Beds and not moveable ; fome have prefcribed to take two (lender Wands or bending Sticks, and fix each end in the ground on each fide of the Flower, that the Sticks may Arch-wife be acrofs over the Flower, which is faid to defend them by fbme Magical Ver-tue.
If your GiUflower or Layer be inclinable to Ihoot up in the Summer with one Angle ftem, fuffer it not to bloffom that Year, but nip or cut the (talk ofF left it give you a fair Flower and never thrive after.
Pinks though mean Flowers fingly of them- of Pinks. (elves, yet the common red Angle fort of them, planted on the edges of your Walks againft the fides of your Banks do not only preferve your Banks from foundring, or mouldring down, but when in Bloffom, are a very great Ornament, and moft excellently perfume your Garden.
Sweet Williams, Sweet Johns, and London Swtit Pride, are pretty Fancies, and near of kin to Williams. the old Englifh GiUflower.
SECT.%\)z att of ^acoemn^ Book 1|.
SECT. IF.
Of Stock-Gilliflowers and Wall-flowers.
Stotl^Gil- npHE Lucoium or Stock-GiHiflower is a Flow-tiflomrs. er Gf much Beauty, delicate Scent, and lome Variety ; a good Garden cannot be laid to be well ftored without them, nor a Flowerpot well adorn’d without lome of thele; they continuing long in BlolTom, from April till the Froft prevents them. They are generally railed of Seed, and the firlt Winter, becaule they have not yet Ipent their finer Spirits; they ate very hardy and endure any Weather, but the next Winter they are very tender.
With curled Threads and top divided now,
Along the Margin of your Borders grow:
St ock-Gilhflowers, iphofe blujlung Leaf may fear,
And juftly too, the JharpnefS of the Air.
The double, whereof fome are ftrip'd, and fome plain, are very plealant; but the double yield no Seed.
The fingle have generally four Leaves in a BlofTom, but if there be five Leaves, the Seed thence produced, will bring double Flowers.
• The white fingle ufually produce double flowers, as alio do thole that are ftrip’d with vidiite. ■ m ! ;i
TheBook il Cflesnt oTOfltBenfflgl 119
The yellow double StochGillifloiver is the moft rare of any.
The Seeds of thole kinds that uflially produce double Flowers, being often lown in the lame Soil, will degenerate into all fingle, and by degrees into all plain Colours, as I have fryed. Quœre} if they will do the fame if fown in barren Earth.
There is another fort of Double Stocks, that are not railed from Seed, only by Slips ancf Layers, that is more durable than the Seedlings.
Thole raifed of Seed will fometimes abide the fécond Winter if it be mild, or the Stocks well defended $ if you take away the blowing Sprigs, the precedent Autumn, it will much further their duration.
They may be laid as other Plants are, and kept lecure from violent Colds, will endure the Winter.
They may be planted out in Slips, if you take fuch that are not Ipired to blow, and cut them from the Stock, and flit the end in three or four places about half an inch, and peel the Rind back as far as the Slit, and take away the inward Wood : then let this Slip with the •Rind fpread every way about two or three fingers deep, water it and lhade it, until it hath taken Root ; by this means may you maintain your flock of Double Stocks, without ithe two years expectation.
The Seeds from which you expert to have Idouble Flowers, muft be fown at the full of I 4	theiio
Sir ffugh yuu
%\)Z Of ^atOenilt^ Book II. the Moon, or in two or three days after, and when come up four or five inches high, take them up and plant them out, which prevents their running up to ftalk, which labour you may reiterate twice before Winter.
If you remove, water, and fhade them e-very time to preferve them, (it being a Summer work ) and do it the firft time three days after the Full, and twice more before the next Change, and again three days after the next Full, and once more before the lucceeding Change, (all thefe removes to be in barren Ground.) Then at the third Full Moon, eight daysafter remove them again into rich Ground, wherein they are to hand. It is laid that it will make them bring forth double Flowers.
It hath been long oblerved that the Moon hath great influence over Plants, (over Animals it is very confpicuous.) From Pliny to this day, molt Authors have been of that O-pinion, And if it hath any luch influence, then lixrely it is in the doubling of Flowers,for we daily oblerve that many lorts of double Flowers will degenerate themlelves into Angle, and that molt of thole double we have ( which are of the kinds uliially Angle) are propagated by Art and Induftry, and why may not the Lunar influence contribute much thereto ? The French Poet was of that Opinion, although differing as to the time.Book ii. art of tfatnetting*
121
Till it be full Moon, from her fir ft increafe,
The Seaforts good; but ifjhe once decreaje,
Stir not the Earth , nor let the Husbandman, Solve any Seed j when Heav'n forbids 'tic vain, j
The fame Poet adds.
Some in preparing of their Seed excell,
Making their Flowers a larger compafi fwell; Thus narrow Bolls with curled Leaves they fill, Helping defective Nature by their skill.
Often removing them doth not only contribute to their worth, but duration.
The Ketri or Wall-flowers, fb termed, for that the fingle kind naturally affedt to grow on old Walls, and that the double need the aflift-ance of lome Wall or other fupport, are hardy Plants, though not altogether fecure in the raoft fevere Winters, and the better fort of them, that is, the double white, and the double red, very pleafant both to the Eye and Smell, they are eafily increafed by Slips and Layers.
SECT,i22 C&e at* fif CMttMlff« Book n.
sect. in.
Of Auricula's, Cowjlips, and Primrofes.
Attricu- YyEars-ears or Auricula's, confidering their r. JD fize, are the fined Flowers the choiced Garden yields, affording a very great variety in Form as well as in Colour, and are not only beautiful to the Eye but pleafant in Scent.
In your ele&ion of them, it is better totrud your Eye, or confide in an honed Gardner, than in the lame defcriptions of them, as before was hinted concerning the choice of Tulip and Gilliflowers, only that the double is the mod rare, and the Wmdfor Auricula the mod fplendidof all the red.
Of late years thefe Flowers are very much improved, not only for their great variety of plain Colours, and their bearing upright large Bunches of Bloffoms, but for their many beautiful forts of dripes they yield,that all theColours that have been obferv’d to be in that Flower plain, are now found to be mixed in the various forts of dripes, that they are lately become the mod beautiful Ornaments of the Spring. The greated variety, and the mod beautiful of thefe Flowers, as well as of Tulip and Gillyflowers, are to be feen in the Garden of the great Collector and Propagator of thefe and all other curious Plants and Flowers, Mr. George
RickettsBook jl %\)t att of ^at&em'nc. ni
Ricketts of Hogsden, who fupplies with them, the beft Florifis.
They adorn your Garden in April and May, and fbme of them again about the end of August, and until the Froft prevent them.
If you crop off the Buds that offer to blow late in the Autumn, it will caufe your Auricula's to yield you the fairer Flowers in the Spring.
They delight in rich Soyl and fhady, but not under the drip of Trees.
They muff be often removed, once in two years at leaft, and the Ground enriched, el(e they will decay.
The ftriped and double muft be removed oftner, or elfe they will degenerate.
If you fet them in Pots (which is the beft way to preferve them) fill the Pots almoft half full with fiftcd Neats-dung, the reft with a good light Mould enriched with the fame Dung.
In the Winter place them in the Sun, but in the Slimmer in the Shade.
Defend them from wet in the Winter, but they endure all cold very well.
You may raife them from Seeds, by carefully gathering the Seeds, and preferving them in their Umbels till about AuguH or September, when you muft fbw them in Boxes almoft filled with the Mixture you made for the Plants, and about a Finger thick at the top with fine fifted willow Earth, or dryed Cow-dung, beaten finall and mixed with the Earth, in which124	Cfie Ztt Of	Book E
low your Seeds mixt with Wood-aflies, then cover them with the fame mixture of Earth lifted thereon, about April following they will come up, then may you plant them abroad, and they will yield you Flowers, fbme the Au-gufl following, others the next fucceeding year.
Ciwflips. There are fbwn very pleafant Cow flips of feveral fhades of Red, the hofe in ho[es the green Cowflip, and the double Cow flipy that are worth your planting, they are very hardy, and muft be fometimes removed, or they are apt to degenerate.
FrimYofes. The fame is obferved of the Primrofes, which yield the like variety of Colours, and are entertained for their early welcoming in the Spring.
On a broad Leaf the Trimrofe firH will blow.
SECT. IV.
Of the Lilly of the Valley and Hellehor.
T'HE Lilly Convalalthough wild in fome' VaUty. tht '*• places Northward (as many fine Plants« *	* are in one place or other) is yet entertained
in many good Gardens for its richfcent, almoft equalling the Orange-flower, the life of this excellent Flower in lèverai preparations, and its fpecifick properties and vcrtues in fbme Di-
feafes^Book ir. %$z act of $ntBenitt£. «s
foafes, makes it the more acceptable, it i& ea-fiiy propagated from Plants, is hardy and delights in the (hade.
The black Hellebor flowereth about Chrifi- Hellebor. maty and for that caufe only is refpe&ed and not for its Beauty: the beft fort of white Hellebor with red Flowers, is a Plant in great repute amongft Florifis, its Leaves making alfo a comely {hew, and flowers in April and May.
Our Ladies-flipper (an Helleborine ) is much Calceolus valued by moft Florifis, although wild in many Maria. places of the North of England, it is probable, by reafon of its Name occafioned by the like-nefi its Bloflbm hath to a Pantofle or Slipper.
It yieldeth its Flowers early in the Summer, is a hardy Plant in refpe<St of Cold, but not very apt to be increafed.
SECT. V.
Of the Hepatica, Gentianella and Dittany.
TH E Hepatica or Liverwort is a very plea- Hepatic*.
font humble Flower, never rifing high, yet yielding its variety of pretty Blolfoms in March j the double and the white are moll regarded, and do deferve your labour and care, which is not much, to plant and propagate them.
Thei26 c(je $xt of	Bfok if;
Gentianel- The Gentianella is another very low Plant la' yielding in April and May many blew Flowers of a deep dy, and are therefore regarded by moft Florifis.
Dittany. ■ Fraxinella or Dittany is a hardy Plant, annually furnilhing you with tall Stalks full of not unpleafant Flowers in June and July, and is raifed by Plants or Seeds.
CHAP. VI.
Of flowers raifed only from Seed.
TH E great diverfity of Flowers we have hitherto, had the pleafure to name, may be propagated by divers other ways according to their- refpective Natures, than by Seed ; but there yet remain fe-veral Flowers not unworthy your care, that are railed by no other means than by Seed, as Lart-fim. Larkes-h'eels or Larkes-fpurs, wiiereoF the Tipt Rofe Larkjpur is the prime, is a very pretty Flower and well becomes your Walks in July and AuguH, or early if Town before Winter arid defended from the moft levere Fiofts: They are generally lown in April; the belt will degenerate being often lown in the fame Ground.
falmbines. The variety of Columbines fingle and double, .plaid and ftrip’d, makes-*them.acceptable in aBook ii. dje 0rt of ^arOcitttt^	n7
good Florifi's Garden , they are fbwn in the Spring, the young Plants endure the Winter, and the next year they yield their Flowers.
The Roots will continue three or four years, thele will allb degenerate unlels the Seed be changed.
There is no Flower can be more glorious of Poppies, than the Poppy, were it as good as great, and as Iweet as well coloured, andaslaftingasitis nimble in growth, but their ill knell and loon fading, makes them the lefs regarded.
The Holly-hocks far exceed the Poppies for of Holly-their durablenefs, and are very ornamental, hocks. elpecially the double, whereof there are various Colours j the black or dark colour’d Holly-hock is efteem’d the beft ; they are lown one year and flower the next ; they may be removed in August or September, from your Seminary into their proper places of growth, which Ihould be near Ibme flicker from the Winds becauleof their height.
The Antirrhinum,Snap- dr agon, or Calve s-(nout} ... lb called from the form of its Bloflom, is lown dragons. in Gardens, becaule it flowers long, and will grow in any place, as on Walls, &c. and lerves for Chimneys and Flower-pots, eke it is (in a Garden ) of no great beauty nor flnell.
The Musk Scabious is one of the Ipecies of ofthtSui-Scabious or Blew-bottles, and lb named from tans Flo-its moll pleafant (cent, and called the Sultans wer. Flower, becaule the Grand Seignior affe&ed to wear it in his Turbant,
This128
• cue act of	Bookii.
This, though mean to the eye, yet, is a Plant worthy of place among your choiceft Flowers; in kind years and good ground it will come up, being Town in April, and flowers in Auguft : You may for the more certainty raife it in a hot Bed; it is alio laid, that if it be lown in Augufi, the Plants will endure the Winter, and blow fair the next year.
OJAmaran- The Amarantbus purpureas is a fine delicate thus. Plant, bearing luch curious Tufts of ' leveral Colours, like unto Silks dyed in Grain. The Seeds being lown in a hot Bed in March, and then railed under Glafles in the hotteft place of your Garden, and often irrigated, will produce thole Tufts in Augufi and September following, and to delerve your care as much as any Plant.
Of Mm- Of Marigolds there are divers forts befides golds. the common, as the African Marygold, a fair large Yellow Flower3 but of a very naughty fmell, and another fort much fairer of the lame colour and of little or no favour at all, and for that reafon is received into fome good Gardens. They are railed of Seed lown in A~ pnl, by lome in a hot Bed, but they will in a leafonable Spring thrive well enough without, and yield their beautiful Flowers in Augufi and September following.
Of Bind-	The Greater Convolvulus is railed by Seed
l»ted. jn the Spring, and more certainly in a hot Bed, they twine about flicks of about half a yard high, and yield their bright blew FlowersBook iif	flf tëamntug*	129
wejrs in rfuguftand September> they blow in thp Evening, and the next Morning the Sun . withers them, but the Bloffoms renew every Everting dll ' the Frofts prevent them, they are a- comely Evening Ornament to a Garden.
. The Marvatlof Verufb termed from its won- of thé derful variety of Flowers on the fame Root, Marvali it is in many things like the Convolvulus, and °f Perli-is by fome called the Flower of the Night, it is more tender than the other, and is therefore to be railed in a hot Bed; .
It is oblerved that thé Flowers of the Mar-vail of Peru, that are of one Colour, produce Seed,the Flowers whereof, will alio be but of one Colour, j Therefore if you would have variable Flowers you muft take the Seed from fiich Flowers that be variable, and fow them apart from the other.
Luptpes are here fown in Gardens annually ofLapinf-for the fake of their Flowers ; but in Italy an ordinary pulfè fown in the Fields for Food for their Cattel, .and in thole hotter Countries they have a property, as: Flrny relates, of turning their Flowers atnd keeping their courfe with the Sun, whether the Air be cloudy or clear j and that they ferve inftead of Clocks or Dials for the time of the day, and by fome other1 Motions, as Prognofticks for the Husbandmen to judge of the Weather. But in thefè colder parts we propagate them meerly for Flowers, which are the greater and the leffer blew, the white, and the yellow, which laft is regarded the more for its fweetnefs.
K
ThereIgo Of thè Scarlet Bean.
Of the E-verlaßing Feafe.
Of the .''enfile Pia,: I and Humble Plant.
Noli me tangere.
C&e 8rt of <$ar&enfn& Book 11.
There is a fort of Kidney Bean that yields a fine fcarlet Bloffom, for which it is efteem-ed.
The Veafe everlafting is fo called, becaufe although it befirft railed of Seed, yet it annually produces new Branches, which furnifhes you with many BlolToms of a reddifh colour, and are not unbecoming a good Garden.
The Senjible Plant, fo called, by reafbn that as foon as you touch it the Leaf fhrinks up together, and in a little time dilates it felf a-gain. And the Humble Plant, fo called, be-caufe fo foon as you touch it, it proftrates it felf on the ground, and in fhort time elevates it felf again, are both of them raifed in hot Beds, and preferved with great care, being the moft tender Exoticks we have.
Although the two laft yield no Flowers, yet deferve a place in your Garden, and here in this Tra6fc; and becaufe they fhall not be alone, I will conclude this Chapter with an odd Plant called Noli me tangere, becaufe when its pods are grofs and not fully ripe, if you offer to take either of them between your fingers, it will fly in pieces, and caufethe unwary to ftartle at the hidden fnap and furprize ; this Plant is annually raifed from Seeds, and only for Fancy propagated.
CHAP.\
Book & €t)c at* of damning, xjt
CHAP. VIL
Of font* more Vulgar Flowers.
THere are many flowers that either for (cent or fhew are railed in the, more ordinary Country Gardens, that fe-veral Florifts have taken a great deal of pains and care exactly to defcribe, and the Manner and Method of propagating them, which here fhall only be named, As tb® Aconites or Wolf-bane,Pilewort,Cr<rwfoot, Batchelors-Butt on, Marfh-Mar'tgold, Hollow-root, Monks-hood , Cranes-bill, Bell-flowers, Champions, Non/uch or Flower of Briflol, Princes-fcatber or Common Amaranthsw, Dames Violet or Queens Gilliflowers, Rockets, Double-Pellttory, Douhle-Featherfew, Double Ca-momil, Double Dog-Femtl, Double Lady-[mocks, Double Dai/ies, Toad-Flax, Fox-gloves , Grove-Thiflles , Scabious, Blew-bottles, Moth-Mullens, Nigella or Fennel Flower, Thorny-Apple, Balfame Apple, Apple of Love, Candy Tufts, Snail-flowers, Satten-flower, and Flower of the Sun : Thefe e-very Colona knoweth how to plant, fow, or propagate.
K a
CHAP.l%2
Wzz att of	Book u
CHAP. VIII.
Of fetch tender Exotic\ Trees, Flow-erSj and Plants, that require the Florifts care to preferve them in the Winter.
TO compleat your Pleafure, and make your Garden an Object of Delight, which is generally placed on rare or unufual Subjects, as well as on vulgar Beauties, you may make it capable of nourilliing and preferring fuch natural Curiofities that cannot .endure to be expofed to the rough , fierce, fevere, and cruel Blafis that Boreas ufually e-mits into our Engltfh Eden. And have therein your Brumal as well as your vEftival, Odoriferous Flowers, and pleafant Greens, that nothing may be Wanting in your terreftial Pa-radile, that Induftry and Coft may obtain.
SECT.Book h. c&e m of ®mmiw
♦ ni
SECT. I.
Of Terennial Greens, and fitch Plants that cannot endure cold.
AS in the former part of this Treadle we began at the more hardy Winter Greens, lb here it will be not unproper to obferve the lame order. And as there we named the famous CypreJS firft, lo here lhall we begin with the moft beloved odoriferous Myrtle, io highly °fthe efteem’d by the Romans, the great Admirers of MPtU' Rarities, before the Foundation of Rome: That the fweet perfume thereof when burn’d, became ah Attenement for the Offence the Romans had committed in ravifhing the Sabine Virgins. And its Sacred Branches (being firft consecrated I luppole) were Efficient to puri-fie them from lo Venial a Sin. In memory of which Offence, and Satisfadion, on that very place the zealous Romans then ere&ed a Sacred Temple dedicated to Venus Cloacina, the God- Cloacina. dels of luch Pleafiires, and Patronels of the innocent Myrtle. Myrtle Trees were alio by the lame Romans planted and propagated as O-mens or Prognofticks of good or evil to their State and Government. So luperftitious were they ever efteemed.
In Vlinfs time there was an old Temple and Altar that had been confecrated to Venus Myr-tea.	K J	Cato,ï;4	T£(je act Of ©atOernn^ Book XL
Cato mentioned the Conjugal Myrtle, which Pliny fùppofès to have proceeded from that which was dedicated to Venus Cloaeinaymà ufed it feems in their Marriages.
Pliny attributes a ftrange effed to it, that if a man hath a great Journey to go on foot, and carry in his hand a Stick or Rod of the Myrtle-Tree, he fhould not be weary, nor think his way long and tedious : It’s probable its operations are more vigorous in fuch places where it naturally delights, than here where a kind of force is put upon it. But we here in England can fécond thisVertue in that of an Elder-jtick, which if a young Horteman carry in his pocket, although he ride hard and far, yet lhall he not be galled ; as fome affirm.
There are lèverai forts of Myrtles here known in England, there is the broad leav'd Myrtle, and the narrow leav’d Myrtle, both very fine fweet fmelling Shrubs ; but the moft elegant is that which in the Autumn affords ftich plenty of double white Bfoffoms, being a Plant very worthy the care of the molt ingenious Florift, and are not fo great a vexation as delight, whatever Mr. Reas opinion is, Raptnus teems tobe of another.
.( ; Defptfi not humbler Plants, for they no lefi,
Than Trees, your Gardens Beauty do mcreafe. With what content we look on Myrtle-Grot;« !
They are not fo tender but an eafie defence will make them endure hard Winters.. I have
knownBook ii. c&e art of <$attiemnQb nr
known many Trees planted on borders, endure leverai Winters, that have not been over le-veie* and never in the greateft extremity required but a Tilt from the Wind and Snow.
' ,;The Plants produced from Layers are the raoft hardy, thole from Seeds the inoft tender, the lame it is with moil odoriferous Herbs, as Thyme, Marjerom, Hyfop, &C.
If planted in Pots or Boxes they are eafily removed into your more open Green Houfis, or Vaults.
There is a lort of Myrtle with a large Leaf °i	Jn-
called Spanifh Myrtle, that will endure all Weather without ihelter.
There are the Indian yellow, and the Spanijh Jajfmint. white Jaj]emines that are very curious Shrub;, and yield molt fragrant Flowers, equalling al-molt the Orange-flowers, and delerve a place in your more open Green Houje or Vault, where a mean defence will prelerve them from the too great leverity of the Winter.
Cyti/us Mar ant be lunatus, is a Plant lown as Of Cytifus ordinarily in the Jfian Territories, as common Pulle are here, and is both Branch and Seed, the beft Food for all their Cattel, and is a great encrealer of Milk in Beafts as well as in Women, but here with us prcferved as a rarity in Pots or Calcs, and lo to be dilpoled in great Colds into the Conlervatory.
The Orlander or Rofe-bay, is a Plant bearing OeUndtu lome of them blufli, and lome white Flowers, and will prolperif lecured from the moft violent cold, as the other beforementioned Plants are.	K 4	TheIndian
Bay.
Mar tico c.
C&eättOf tifet&etttyS* Book II.
The fame may be faid of Laurus tndica, although as yet a great ftranger.
The Maracoc) ufiially termed the Paflton-flower, from the Thorns and pointed LeAv®£ it hath, reprefenting the Thorns wherewith our Saviour was Crowned, and Nails wherewith he was nailed to the Croß, as the Authors of the name imagined.
This Plant increafeth much by Cions naturally growing from it, and if the Root be preferved from the extremity of the Froft, it will yield many beautiful Flowers yearly in Auguft.
Snails as naturally affed this Plant, as they do the fruit of the Neel arme Tree, and. as Cats do the Marum Syriacum, and therefore care mull be taken to defend it from them.
Star-florvtr' Ornit-hogalon Qi’ th£ Star-flower of Arabia, of Arabia, which yieldeth a beautiful Flower in Mayf as and, of ai- t]iat of ^£[hi0fea in Atigufi, muft be preferved m\ ea‘ as the other Plants.
Indian ' The Indian flowring Reed, if often watered H and lecured in the Winter, yields ffore of F1q-
•	lin lg° wers, but the Indian Fig is a very low Plant
growing one Leaf on Another, and is therefore called Leaf upon Leaf, and only preferved in the Winter for the rarity of it, ho Plant in Nature being like it.
Ciflin Mas. The Male Ciflm is a Plant of np great e-
*	v ■■ '■ lfeem, yet preferved for the rarity thereof, as
is the Cifius Ledon,;'	1 '	:	!
The[ Book n. c&e act of	'137
The Indian Jucca not only afïbrdeth us its Jma •
1 lharp pointed Flag like Leaves, but fbmetimes i its beautiful Flower, and is preferred only \ for the rarity thereof, and ufiially prefcribed 1 to be defended from the Winter cold, but by : fome affirmed to endure the mofl fevere Wea-t then
Feriploca or Virginian Silk, of little value, Virginia is much of the fame nature, for the defence s»7£.
- of thofe Plants which only fuffer in extream Colds ; a flight Shelter may ferve, either as they Hand abroad in their proper places, or by removing them into fome Garden-Houle, not fb clofè as the Confervatory for the more tender Plants ought to be. •	: !
Or a Vault or Cave may be made a little within the furface of the Earth, about the edges whereof may be difpofed as you think fit your lèverai Pots or Boxes.
Or you may link a hole, for each Tingle Pot or Box, fb that the Plant may be a little below the furface of the ground, over which an ordinary Shelter from the Wet may ferve, or if you fink it deeper, it will defend your Plant the better.
For as the Earth in the Summer prefèrves Plants, or what elfe you place therein, cool from the fcorching Rayes of the Sun, fb doth it from the extremity of Cold in the Winter: Neither hath the Wind, or Morning Air in that Seafon, To great an advantage over a Plant thus pofited, as it hath if it be on a level.
SECT.i;8 C6e art of ^arOenmcr* Book h.
SECT. II
Ofjtich Vlants that leajl endure the Cold.
OTher Plants there are whole defeent have been from a more hot Climate, and are of themlelves of a more tender Nature,, than ,	the other before mentioned.
Of tie	Whereof the Orange-Tree is the moft prin-
Orange. cipal, and delervedly in great efteem, not only for its Beautiful (though acid) Fruit, but for its moft fragrant Flowers, of which is made fo rich an Effence, and whole diftilled Water is of lo tranlcendent Vertues, that they will iufficiently recompence your diligence and care in nourifliing and preierving the Tree.
Thefe Trees prelerved in ftrong Boxes may be with eafe removed into your Confervatory, and thence in\the Summer plac’d in leveral places of your Garden.
No Tree your Gardens, or your Fountains more l Adorns, than what the Atlantic Apples bore. A deatblefr Beauty Crowns its jhining Leaves, And to dark Groves its Flower lufire gives $
, Bejides the jf lender, of its golden fruit,
• Of which the boughs are never defritute.
Rapinus.
They3ook II. €fje art of damning*	r39
They are raifed of the Kernels (own in March in cafes of rich Earth: Thefe Fruits were unknown in former Ages to the Europeans•, and the Trees have not been long introduc’d ; and not many years hath that more noble kind, the China Orange been propagated in Portugal and Spain, which annually fur-nilh us with thofe pleafant Fruits, yet there in a few years have, they degenerated, as tofize and ult: It’s probable the Kernels of thofe may profper better with us than the African^
China being not lb hot.
The Fruit with us, although it ripeneth not fo well as in Spain, yet in fech years that our old ftock of imported Fruit is decay’d $ they ferve for many Phy fical ufes. But the Flowers here are much more valuable than the Fruit.
Therefore if a Wall be built near the Houfe, and well defended behind, and on either fide from cold Winds, and feveral Leaves or Doors of clofe Board made to Ihut before your Wall, and the top well fecured from Rain; againft this Wall may you plant your Orange-Trees, and prune them againft it without ever removing them ; only in the Spring feafon, you may open your Leaves or Doors by degrees, and at length open it quite before and on the top, only leaving the main ftays until the next Winter. In the building of this Wall may you contrive Concavities, through which the heat of Fire made in feveral places for that purpofe, may pals behind your Trees, or you may have other Fires in this Shed as in your Green-houfe.	TheCfjc att Of	Book If.'
The moft proper Earth wherein to plant ) your Orange-Trees, is that which is taken i out of a Melon, or Cucumber-bed, and equally 1 mix’d or temper’d with a fine loamy Earth, ( and jfo to remain the whole Winter, thenfift- ■ ed into the Cafes.
Inftead of the fat Earth of a Melon, or Cucumber-bed, you may ufe Neats-dung, and order it as the Melon Earth.
Before you put your Earth into your Cafes, lay on the bottom a good quantity of Ofier or Withy Sticks, or fuch like, which will preferve it light; if they are in a fmall quantity mixed throughout, it will be the better.
Place them in your Confervatory before any Frofts happen, and in hard Weather give them fome warmth.
As the Spring appears, lb acquaint them by degrees with the Air, opening the Doors at Noon firft, and Ihutting them again, then for a whole Day, if the Weather permit. The like diferetion you muft- ufe when you fet them into your Confervatory, not to fhut them up too clofe until extremity of Weather require it
As the Trees grow large, lb you may enlarge your Cafes, and take out the Trees, Earth and all, and place them in your new Cafes.
I have heard of a Gentleman that annually makes a Shed or Houfe over his Orange-Tree, and as the Tree encreafeth, lo he enlargeth his Houfe, and that his Tree is very large, and beareth plentifully.	SouiBook ii. c&e at* of ©nt&emng. h*
You muft gather the Flowers as they blow, »leaving but few to knit into Fruit, elfe will I your Tree lpend it felf in Fruit.
You muft take care to brulh the Spiders I Webs off this Tree very gently, for they delight to work on it j the fragrant Blofloms ; attra&ing many Flies.
The Kernels may be planted in hot Beds, sand will bring fair Plants the fooner,
Eafie Stoves or Heats will lerve until the IFrofts be very hard $ then muft you kindle ; greater Fires, but let not any Fire come too i near your Trees, nor any Smoak annoy them.
I But if yopr Confervatory be made very dole i with Mats, that Water will not freeze in it,
: then there needs not any Fire.
You muft water them gently when you I find they require it, which maybe difcerned I by the Leaf which will foon complain, but [give them rather too little than too much, j and wet not the Leaves.
You ought to renew and alter the Earth as i tenderly as you can, by abating the upper [part of it, and ftirring it up with a Fork, ta< king heed to the Roots, : and applying the prepared Earth in the room of it, which may be done in May and September.
If you kindle fome Charcoal, and when they have done fmoaking, put them in a hole fiink a little into the Floor, about the middle of it; it is the beft Stove, and leaft annoys your Plants,
n142	^!je 3ct of ^atfcetifngb Book if.f
The Water wherewith you irrigate yourr Orange-Trees, ought to be prepared as well ast the Earth, you may therefore mix it with!' Sheeps-dung, or Neats-dung, and let it ftand)' two or three days in the Air or Sun, and it i will be very fit for your purpofe.
Ltmmons. Lemmons may be ordered after the fame)' manner as the Oranges, but they are not ca-i pable of giving you fo large a requital.
Amomm Ahtomum Tlinii, lb called, being a Plant byf
PUnii. him efteemed, and by him reported to be na-r rurally growing in divers parts of Afia, and; yielding a rich and coftly Berry, uled in Per-* fumes: is now nurled up in our Climate, by .< careful prelerving it in the Winter in the dole: Conlervatory, where it requires the lame care: as doth the Orange-Treet
Geranium. Geranium noEle olens, \vhich (melleth plea-lantly in the Night only, is a tender Plant,. and deferves a place in your Conlervatory.
The Tuberofe Hyacinth, famous for its alpi— ring Head and rnoft fragrant Flowers* feem- ■ ing to contend with the Orange-Tree■, is a very1 tender Plant, impatient of Cold or W et.
The Root mult be taken up in April, care- ■ fully parted without breaking the greater Fibres, and then replanted, the bottom of the Pot filled with prepared Earth, but the Roots covered only with natural frelh Earth, and then the Pot filled with Earth prepared, as before ; place this Pot in a hot Bed, and there let it ftand without watering until the Root Ipring, then let the Pot under a
South-Book ii. Wbc 8tt of (^atuenfitg:	m
South-wall , in dry Weather water it èalily.
In Augtifi it will yield its rich Flowers, and in' September it mult beremoved into the Com fervatory.
In September you may take up the Bulbs of this Plant, and preferve them in dry Sand, or when the Roots are dry,: lay' them up in Papers in a warm Clofer.
The Blew Borage-Ieav J '• Auricula,; being Blew Be-leaved like Borage3 yieldeth fine blew Flow- rage leaved ers; it is a rare and a tender Plant, and in a Pot may be preserved in your Conferva-tory, from the extremity of the Winter.
Bears-Ears Santole, is almoft of the form of Cor tu fa. an Auricula, is a Plant ufiially railed of Seed, MetthiolL planted in Pots, and prefervedas other tender Plants.
Mafiicb Thyme is a Plant of a curious Scent, marum. and vulgarly known, apt to be increafed by Slips, and as apt to be deftroyed by Cold, and is worthy of your care to preferve it.
Afjyrian Mafticb is of thè feme nature, but Marum Sy-fo abfdlute a bait for Cats, that they will riuum* come far and near to it, to devour it, unlels you preferve it with the fliarpeft Thorns or Furze. Thefe and Maftichs are beft prefer-ved by placing them within the Earth, and covering them.
But the moli rare and curious Exotic, is the Lilly of Japan, which is railed in feme more Southerly Climate, and being brought into this Country, yields a fair Branch of Flowers much like red Martagonsr and when the Sun
Ihines.144 Cfic 8tt ijf	Book Ik
/hines on it,;the whole Flower refenibles Cloath of Gold j although the Root may live over the year, yet it’s laid it never bears any more Flowers in this Climate.
' Several others there are, that are not only tender, but rare and acceptable Plants to the* ingenious and careful Flbrift, wherewith, according to the magnitude or capacity of his Green-Hovis, orx meafure of his Time he can (pare about them ; he may eafily furnifh him-; lelf with all from the great Conferver of thefe Rarities, Mr. George Ricketts of Hogsdeni
L1&Book in.	3rt of «SarOcntn^
f	r c	. :
fl Ki K	.
L I B, III.
Of Efculents or El ants for Foods.
AS a Garden is the greateft Ornament to yoiir Seat without doors/or the variety of Pleafures it yields, fo is it of as great advantage and fatisfa&ion for the variety it affords you of curious Aliments and Condiments at your Table ; not any dilh of Meat can be compleafly ferved up, without a fhare of fome Hortulan or other .Vegetable.
The meaneft Cottager may well afford that little ground (if he hath any ) that is contiguous to his Tenement, for the propagating of fome or other of thefe Efculents we are now to treat of: It is not the Heat or Colours, Fat-nefs or Barrennefs of "his Land can excufe him here, for there is no Land but is apt to bring you fome Fruit or other of your Labour, and wherein fome of thefe Plants do delightIf it be a dry hot fandy Land, Corots will profper in it$ if cold and dry, then Turnips, if hpt and moift, then Peafe, Beans, and moft forts of Tillage; if cold and moift, then Cabbages, L	Beans,Cfje of 0arOcntiiff« Bobk hi.
Beans, &c. will not difdain it; thus may fome fort of Tillage or other be adapted to e-very fort of Land.
The accidental or cafoal thriving of Plants or Seeds in the various forts of Lands hath, within the memory of man, very much encouraged our Rufticks to a farther improvement of this part of-Husbandry * ndt Only be-caufo the produ&s of their Labourstiave often found a good Market for curious Pallats, but becaufo they have been frugal Meats for their own Families, and fometimes neceffity alfo (which often makes men ingenious) hath put them upon the propagation of thefoEfoulents, which have fervedas Meat, Bread and Drink, in fuch years that Com hath been fcarce. For in a great part of the World, the Inhabitants never were acquainted with the making of Bread of Corn, but fometimes of .the Roots of fome Plants that grew arnongft them, which they eat with their hunted Veftifon, or With their Milk, as in Ireland they eat P-otatoes; thus here in England, Carrots, Turnips, Caba-ges} and many other Roots and Plants have, been both Bread and Meat, for thel Husbandman and his Family, who have in many places fobfiiled long on this Food ; and chefe Ef-culents being of themfelves of a fine nutri* mental and moil! nature, have not required fo much Drink as other Meats more dry and fait ufually do: Thefe kind of Diets are at a far lefs chaise and trouble to the Vanr-famiHee, than thofo of Fkjk, Bread\ Che eft 3 &c.
And*47
Book hi. %\yi 3t*t of i^attiemttQh
And if the Cafe were truly ftated, and the Times compared, the improvement and propagation of thefe Efculents hath been one principal caufe of the deadnefs of the Market for Com, which probably may be obje&ed againft this defign.
To anfwer which you may confider, that cheap Food is one of the greateft encouragements for the peopling of a Country, for this very reafon many thoplands have deferted England, to fettle in Ireland and elfewhere, to our great detriment, and their great advantage.
If any Farmer complain of the Effects of thefe Improvements, then let him make ufe of the fame, and let out yearly a parcel of his Farm, for the raifing of GWf «-Tillage, wherewith to feed his own Family, and fur-, nifh the Market.
Then will it be objected, that in cafe every man fhould fo improves part of his Ville j the prices of the Tillage would be low, and it would not;quit the Cofh
To anfwer which, It would then reduce the advantage of the one and the other part of Husbandry to a Ballaqqe, from which no ill effect, as to the general can proceed.
It may be further objected, that feeing lefs Land will, by thefe ways of improvement, feed a certain number of people, than the old way of Husbandry can do, that much Land will therefore lie waff.
In anfwer whereunto, If you can raifd as much Food on an Acre of Land, as formerly L a	you-148 €dje 3tt of ^{ktticnfn^' look in.'
you did on four Acres, what difadvantage to you is it in cafe the three remaining Acres lie waft * but you may convert them to pafture, if you pleafe.
In cafe you obje<ft, that Garden-Tillage requires more hands to dig, trench, fet, [owe, plant, weed, and gather in, than the former way of lowing of Corn.
* An.lwer,This is one of the Advantages it will hecefiarily produce, that a Man and his Family may live and keep themlelves daily employed in this method of Husbandry, on a few Acres of Land to as equal an advantage, ds by the more ancient way they could on a great Farm : For it were much better for the publick, that the great Farms were lubdivided into lelfer, that the people might have Habitations and Employments here at home to keep them from ftragling ahroad, than to have lo many great Farms lie lo negletfted, to the great prejudice of the Commonweal : TaHd-4ms was of the lame opinion, who laid, Fee-cundiar ejl cult a Exiguitas, quam magnitude neg-letl^
But if you will lay, that by multiplying Gar ^«-Tillage after this manner, it will make Corn-land 16 low rented, and Corn thereby to become cheap, to the great detriment to the Kingdom in general. Then confider, that if a part of our Land will yield us Food fufficient, and uphold the yearly value of our Villes, as by this Method it will certainly do, then may there be Corn enough railed in
England,Book iil c&e 8tt of <$5attJem'n$* 149
England, not only to ballance, but under-lell our forreign Neighbours, to our great advantage, and their detriment (which is almoft equal to it 5 ) for the more of oiir own Growths we can vend, the more is Naviga* tion encouraged, and the greater Returns are made. It is when the Growths or- Manufactures of other Countries are imported hither, and in lieu of them ready Money returned, that impoverilhes us, and enriches them. Therefore when the contrary is done, it mult have a contrary effect.
The private Advantages of the propagating Hortulans or Elculent Plants, as they are oftentimes reprelented, are prodigious and incredible, therefore a modeft computation .is the belt encouragement ; for any rational man will more eafily believe that an Acre of Turnip, Carrots, Onions, or the like, is four or five times more profitable to the Husbandman, than an Acre of Wheat or Barley, or ftich like, than if it fliould be laid to be ten or twenty times more profitable.
But for your Garden ( where you are confined to a left Room than a Farm ) which is divided into leverai fquares or quarters, and each Iquare or quarter well manured and pre- ^ pared for its proper Tillage, there may you expeCt a far greater encrealè, elpecially of lùch Plants that annually produce their Fruit without the renewing of the Gardèners Coll: and Pains, unleft only tocherilh and prefer ve them, with the planting arid propagating of which fortof Elculents wc will begin. L 3 CHAP.€fje of	Book m.
■
CHAP. I
Of fab Plants that are Perennial, or continue over the Tear.
oj Ajpura- rgn' IIE beft and ifioft feled of fach Ef* gus,	gj	culenc Plants that continue from Year
JL to Year, without new planting or lowing, is the jfraragris, which deferves to be firft named, becauie of its early and plentiful encreafe it yields, the delicacy Of its Meat, and the continuance of it before any other, gains a repute above if.
So long fince as in Tlinfs time it was the moft efteem’d of any in the Garden, although in thole parts they fometimes grew wild, yet in the Gardens were they lb cultivated, that three of their Buds or Heads would weigh a Pound, and were (though common) the Romans dainty Difh; And Cato many years before Pliny wrote very much concerning their propagation, out of the abundant regard he had for them, being then but newly reduced to the Gardener s care.
They grow naturally wild, or at leaft fbme Baftard kind of them in the Meadows near Bnf ol; but our more fair and large, ufually galled Dutch Bfparagus, are propagated from ,	■ Seed 5Book pi. c&e %tt af i^atUcumg*
Seed $ the ^Ground wherein you lowe them muft be rich and well tempered and prepared., then may yop with your Finger prick in the Berries at what diftance you pleafe : the bell time is in? January or February.
Then after two year?, in March following, will they be lit to remove into the Bed where* in they are to remain.
But the bell and moft expeditious way is, to buy your Plants of two or three years growth of the Gardeners}who raile them on purpofe for Sale at an eafie price.
The Bpd you plant them in ought to be three or fbur./oot wide, and about two foot in depth, the moll part within the furface of the earth, and about fix inches above, for it will fettle. When you have made clean and Iquare your Fofs, you may fill it with good rotten dung of any lore, with a little mixture of earth, the bell Soyl fs that which the Butchers make, wherein there are floofs, Rams-horns, or any luch cornuous lubftance, wherein they exceedingly delight; it's probable woollen rags or old leather may do as well j with thele mixtures may you fill your Bed a-bout eighteen inches, then cover the fame with good old rich Mould, that came out of lomz Cucumber or Melon Bed for about fix inches snore, in the midft whereof plant your Sets, at fixteen or eighteen inches diftance in a Quincunicalorder,that they may lie covered two or three inches j plant them with their Roots lpieading as much as you can. Or you may I- 4	coverClje act of featnenfnfif* &*>kin.
cover the Dung with rich MouldJthreeiinches> and then place your Sets with the Roots' Threading, and then gently cover them With'the like? Mould three inches.
You may make as many of thefe Bed^, arid as long as you pleafe, ^leaving a two foot interval between them,for the conveniency of dref fing and cutting them, for broad Beds are inconvenient, no Tillage fiiflering more by treading than thele.
About three years after they are planted may you cut of them : the fooner you cut of them, the more will the head of the Root knit, and the more in number will it yearly yield you, and the later you cut, the more will the Root and head grow in bignefs, and the fairer Buds will you have. Some will thus grow to be very large.
When Green Teafe furnifti your Table, then may you let your Aftaragm run to Seed, that they may gather ftrength for the riicceeding year.
In the cutting the Buds remove forrie of the Earth with your Knife, to avoid injuring the next Succelfor.
In November, or the beginning of December, cut the feedy llalks clofe to the ground, and cover the Beds with new warm- Horfe-dung, which will prevent them from cxtrcam Frofts, -for no other will injure them.
* In the beginning of -March uncover them if the Weather be open,-’and either before you cover them, or at this time, weed them clean, -	andBook in. c&e 8tt of ^at&cntng*
and after weeding lay on your Bed the bottom of a Melon or Cucumber Bed/ or fuch like rich Earth, about two finders thick, to fupply the ufiial decay they are fubjedfc unto.
You may have early Ajparagus, if you take the old Roots with the Earth about them, and place them on a hot Bed, thus will they bud in January.
By the precedent Rules will a Garden of A-Jparagus furnilh you with Buds near three months of the year, without the force of a hot Bed, and that in fuch plenty, that no other Tillage whatever, that is perennial (the Arti-choak only excepted) affords the like. Thefe whilft Ids common, were received as Dainties at the belt furnilh’d Tables; and now, though plentiful, are they an ufual Dilh at moft Gen, tlemens Tables, and by degrees may come to be a more vulgar Diet ; for after their firft planting, the labour about them is but fmall, and the coff Ids, the trouble of cutting them not fb great as gathering of Peafe,nor dreffing them fo tedious, yet a Meat equalling the belt of Tillage, and the molt falubrious of any.
About the time the Afparagm leaves youi0yArti_ the Articheak comes in requeft, being one of choa^s. the belt of a Gardens produds, and anciently derived from Thiftles, as Vilny tells us, and in his time, and long before,, had been fo improved, that they became a moft delicate Meat, and were ferved up to the Tables of the moft prodigal Romans. If then they wrere fo excellent, fiirely by a continued improvement toif4 Cfje 3tt of ®artettfitff. Bookin
this dayj muft they needs now be much bet-ter.
There are feveral kinds of them., as the more ordinary which run up tall* and bear (mail heads which are very hardy, and are ufually called the Thtflle-Artichoaki; the other forts are more large, and grow low, and much to be preferred, but are more tender and unable to endure the feverity of the Winter.
' The beft and largcft fort is that called the Globe-Artichoak, bearing a very large Fruit of near twelve inches over. The meaneft is that calledthe Red-Artichoak, with the Plants whereof many have been deceived, expe&ing a more ■ excellent than ordinary Fruit, wheninftead thereof they produced the worft of Arti~
cboaks.
They are increaledby Slips, taken from the fides of the old Roots at the time of d re fling ahem in the Spring, with as much root to them as you can.
Artichoaks delight in a rich and deep Soyl, and not very dry, which Soyl muft be trenched about two foot deep, and mixed very well with good old rotten Dung, and fo laid up into Beds of what form you think beft, for you may go between them as you pleafe ; the Ar-tichoak roots very deep, and ifit likes its ground will grow very large;, and continue many years. •-
You may plant them four foot apart at leaft, diat they may have room to fpread their leaves, and at their hrft planting be lure to water them
in! Book hi, C9e %n of	i$y
t in dry Weather Until you obferve them to l grow.
The beft times for the planting them is in t the beginning of April, ahd you may low any i Sallet-Herbs between them, that may be ga* l. thered and difpofed of before the Artkhoaks \ Ipread too far. Thele Plants t will fome of f them yield heads in the Autumn following.
If you throughly water your Artichoaks with Water enriched with ShCeps-dung, it will make l them very large: Watringofthemindry Land,
> or in dry Years, much advantageth them, for t in moift Years they are much more plentiful . and large than in dry Years, and the better it will be in cafe the Water be fat.
Water drawn from Allies, or improved by : any fixed Srdt, is very good for the fame pur-pofe ; for I have known that1 Artichoaks have been the larger for Turf-afhes, cafually with Dung laid at their Roots to preferve them in Winter.
In November, or the beginning of December, it will be a good time to fecure your Artichoaks from the Froft, by railing the Earth about them,and encompafling them with long Dung, or any hawmy fubftance, but not to Cover them, left it perifh them, for it’s the Froft that periflieth the Roots,' and the wet and want of Air that perifti the Leaves. '
About Ltmdon where they have great Gat-dens of. Artichoaks, they cannot fb well cover . them with long Dung ; but inftead thereof they ciit off all the Greens which they fell for
feedingj $6 Cljc act Of ®at0emt1fik Book III.
feeding, of Cows, after the rate of ,20 s. per Acre, as they themfelves tell me, and then * coyer the Plants over with Earth, to defend 1 them from Frofts; io that it is not neceflary to preferve the Greens over die Winter..
But this way of covering them with Earth did not preferve them in the great Froft of 1683, when all covered were killed; and at the lame time thofe that were covered well with long Dung were preferved, in die fmal-ler Gardens remote from London : and lome that were buried in Dung all that Winter, being call out of the Gardens, were found in the Spring to be living.
Some preferibe to whelm over them an earthen Pot, Bee-hive, or 1'uch like, open at the top to give them Air, which mayXerve if the .Winter be not too fharp.
About the middle of March, you may gently move the Dung from them, and at the end, the Earth that was call up, and the firft week in Jprilxmy you drefs them, by digging deeply about each Root, and flipping of every Set as low as poffibly you can, leaving two or three of the greateft and moft diftant the one from the other for Bearers, then fill them up round with good old Dung or rich Soil mixt with the Earth, and they will afford you fair Heads.
If you would have latter Articbotaks,youmuR cut the firft Crops betimes, or exped them from your new fet Plants.
A fmall fpot of ground thus planted and ordered, will furnilh your Table with many of
thefeiBook'nt c&e attof ^amitmer.
Sthele Fruits in a year, and are equal to the beft Lof Vegetables for Food ; charge and trouble «are very little in companion of the advantage.
They will continue fix, eight, or ten years, ilometimes twenty years* and more, according :to the goodneis of the Land they grow in, and ithen muft be renewed when you perceive 5 them to degenerate j which they furely do if : they like not their ground.
The young Buds of Artichoaks may be eaten raw with Pepper and Salt, as dually Melonsa \ Figs, &c. are eaten.
The Chard of the Artichoaks, which is the : Stalk of a young Artichoak^v\(mg out of an old i root, and prelerved from the air, and from Sheading, by winding of it about with Straw,
! to blanch it and make it tender,is by the French \ efteem’d an excellent Dilh.
The Roots, Stalks, and Leaves of them]
1 whilft young and tender, are delicate Meat,
: elpecially if lo prelerved and blanched as is by tlome affirmed ; and it is not improbable, for I have often found that by covering a Winter Bud to preler ve it from Froft, the Snails have greedily devour’d it.
Thole elculent Herbs that are perennial*
I becaule they are not lo much uled for Food as for Condiment, I lhall dilcourle of in another 1 Chapter.
CHAP.VjS
Cbe 3tt of ®at5eitiitff. Book m.n
Of Tamps.
CHAP. II.
Of Efcuknt Roots.
THere are feveralRoots that have afford-. ed us great plenty of lubftantial, plea- -iant and wholelome Food, whereof; the Turnip is efteem’d the beft ; there are feve-: ral forts of them, the round, long, and yellow, of which the round is the moll common, though the others are very good; the long are; ufuaUy called N#vews ; they have been an ancient Food throughout Europe Southward, andl: have been very much, improved in England ofi late, years.	-,m i .• • ;
; They will grow on the meaneft Land in Its < firft tilth, and much the more if the Seafon; prove moift or drippipg. , The Seafop pf lowing them is about Midjuwmert that they may be ready to improve upon the Autumnal Rains,, which maketh them much fyveeter than the Vernal.
They are fickle ;a?>their fir/l coming up in a too dry fealbn, and if .(being lown early) they happen to fail, you may at the end of July, or beginning of Auguft new low your ground.
Thele Seeds are much fought for and devoured by fniall Birds, who will Imell them in
thei Book nr Cfje of <$atoettutgf.
i the ground, and when they firft fend theiF pale I "heads above the earth,the Birds will draw them i out and eat of their Seeds, and leave the na-I ked Shoots on the ground. Thofe that efcape : the Birds in fmall Gardens or Places, among!!, l or near to Trees and Groves, as well as in the I larger Fields, the Flies in dry and hot Summers i ufually devour ; !o that few or none efcape i them : which to prevent, fome have affirmed, i that if you take Soot of Chimnies, and lay it i in Water , till the Water be ftrongly tinged i therewith, and with that imbibe your Seed,
; and then fow it, neither the Birds nor Flies ’ will meddle with it.
You may fow them in April, to haveTur-! nips in the Summer, but lowing them after : for the Winter is moft feafonable.
In the Winter before the great Frofts pre-f vent, you may take them up, and cutting off i the Greens, difpofe of them in fomecool place i on heaps, and they will keep long, and much f better and longer in cafe they be laid in Sand ; and covered with it.
They will root the better and larger if the ! Leaves fpread and grow flat, than if they ftand i upright or grow upwards; which to prevent,
[ (owe them not too thick, or if they come up t too thick in any place, reduce them to a con-' venient number or diftance of about ten or ! twelve inches, and fupply the defers by tran-t (plantation, and you will find that the increafe » of your Root fhall ballance the lellening your ; number, for the near (landing of any Vegeta-l6o
Of Carrots.
Cl)t	Of ©tTOttfilS? Book III.
blés caufe them to afpirc upwards,' as h evident: in moft Trees planted in Copies ; which other wile are apt to fpread.
But if the over fatnefs of your Ground, which is a great fault for Turnips, or overmuch wet, caufe them to run out in leaf more than in root, then treading down the leafs will make them root the better.
. The Greens or. Leaves of Turnips that have been fown, late, and lived over the Winter, a re ufually boy led and eaten with fait Meats, And prove an excellent Condiment., !
Thus ordered, will a fmall fpot of Ground yield you a fécond Crop (after Peafe, Beans, or Sallet-Hcrbs ) of excellent Food, which the moft curious Palates difdain not, and much more in value than any of Corn or Grain whatever.
Carrots have been anciently ufed for Meat, but not fo much as Turnips have been, yet are they the fweeter Meat, and more eafily eaten without Bread, or rather better ferve to ftip-ply that; defed than Turnips, for Turnips are much the better Condiment, but Carrots the pleafanter Food. ,
.There are two forts of them, the yellow, and the Orange,or more red : the laft of which is by much the better.
,They delight in light Ground with a mixture of Sand ; if it be rich or heavy, you muft take the more pains in digging it, to make it as light as you can.
Jf you dung your JLand the fame year you
foweBook iu. .f£0e aet a£ ®artienfng» • it*
loweyour Carrots, you mult be furetobury your Dung lo low that tho'roots may not ex-« tend to it j for as icon as they touch the Dung they grow forked.
■ The Seafon for lowing them is in February or March, in dry Weather.
To make them large, you mull do with them as with the Turnips, only they will admit of a greater number on the lime quantity of ground than the other.
If fown betweerl Beans let in wide rows, after the Beans are taken up your Carrotsj will thrive, and you may have a lecond Crop, but thele not lo fair nor - early as thole that are lown in Beds by themlelves.
To improve this and other Roots, gather your Seeds from the higheft alpiring Branches, and fowe them as before is directed ; then when you take them up, lele&the faireft, and prelerve for Seed the next year, then plant them, and take the Seeds from the higheft tops as before.
Carrots are prelerved as Turnips,' over the Winter ; but if you will have Carrots early in the Spring, you mull fow them in August, and prelerve them from the Froft in the Winter by covering them with Peale-haum : But thele are not lo good as thole that are lown . in the Spring.
Next unto Carrots are Tar (nips in great ule for a delicate Iweet Food, and were lo e-fteem’d in Tlinf s time, and by him reputed to be excitatives unto Venm; an Argument that they are very nutrimental. M Theyi 62 c&e Trt of ®atOettftt& Book in.
They delight in a, richer Soyl than the Carrots, but as light and well ftirr’d as may be, elfe in every relpe<5fc to be ordered as the Carrots, but are not to ftand lb thick.
OjSlfimts. Ithz.Sktrret or S&rwwt-roOty was alio a ve-*ry ancient Dilh amongft the Romans, and is the fweeteft, whiteft, and moft pleafant of Roots, and by Phyfitians efteemed a great reftorative, arid goodfor weak Stomachs, and an effectual Friend' to Dame Venus.
" Skirrets delight in a very rich , light, and jjiot too dry Soyl, for in moift Summers they arefaireft. .
t ; They are increased by Plants divided in February or March, and let in Angle Buds at Ax or eight inches diftarice, arid in a dripping .year, or other wile, if they be watred in dry Sealbns,you will have a very pleritiful increale the lu cceeding . Winter ; you may alio plant them .-here and there on the edges bf your o-ther Beds.
They endure the Winter very well, and you may take them up at ally time before the ;Springbetoo forward, if the' Frbfts prevent .you not; when you take the Roots, cover the tops in Earth, for ycfur farther en-creafe.
Of scorfo- ■■■ The Root Scorjonera is as yet not common, ma. but very much commended by fome to be good Meat, after the outei; Rind is fcraped off, and the Root fteep’d a-while in Water, to take a-way that little bitternels it hath.
TheyBook III. %\yz Set Of	16$
They are laid to lie in the ground all- the Winter, and from year tö year without any prejudice, but will ltill grow bigger and bigger, although they yearly run up to Seed.:
They are increaled either by Seed, or by Slips, as the Skirrets., or by cutting the Roots in lèverai pieces,which planted in good ground at about eight or nine inches diftance, in March, will yield a confiderable increale, or may be planted at any other time, they being har-dy.
They are efteem’d to be very cordial and excellent in Feavers.
Potato's are much ufed in Ireland and in A- ofPot a* mertca as Bread, and are of themlelves alio an t0'u uliial Food.
They grow in any good mellow ground, and are increaled by cutting the Roots in pieces, and planting them as the Scorfoncra.
Thele and the Jerusalem Artichoaks, which Of Jmfa-are by much the meaner Food, although Ibfne-what like them, may be propagated with ad-c °*^s’ vantage to poor People, a little ground yielding a very great quantity, as the many fmall Weißt Territories adjoyning to the High-ways in thole parts, planted with them, plainly de-monftrate.
The Red Beet or Roman Parfnip, and the Of Buts, White Beet were among!! the ancient Romans, and by feveral are now ufed as well in Root as in Leaf at the Table.
Beets delight in a rich and deep Soil as doth the Parfmpi' and mull be fown about the fame M Z	BDÉÊi€lje act of töntticmitn;* Book m. time, or rather let at about fifteen inches afun-der, becaufe their Leaves are large.
Or you may lowe them in a Bed promilcu-oufly, and when they are grown a little then tranlplant them, and they will yield fairer Roots, the other being apt to be forked.
- There are Chards of Beets as well as of Arti-cboaks, and after the lame manner may be prepared.
You rauft take them up before the Froft prevent you, and houle them as before was di-re&ed for Turnips and Carrots.
After the lame manner plant the beft for Seed as was di reded for Turnips and Carrots.
Radifhes in the more Southern Countries are a delicate Meat, efpecially if lown in brackilh Lands, or watred with brackilh Waters, and therefore were they in fuch efteem with the Egyptians, where were the daintieft and fweetelt Radifhes in the World.
The Greeks alio lo highly preferr’d them to all other Meats, in regard of their good nou-rilhment, that in an Oblation of Garden-fruits unto Apollo, in his Temple at Delpbos, they dedicated the Beet in Silver, the Turnip in Lead, but the Radifh in beaten Gold : Alio Mojchian the Greek Writer had lo great an efteem for the Radiß, that he compiled a whole Book of it, as Pliny relates.
::Thele .in our more Northern Clime attain not to that degree of maturity, as to become Food, except it be the. Leaves, which boyled are eaten with lalt Meats.
ButBook in. Cfje act of <S5arBem'ttff, i<>%
But are very much regarded as a Salladt for ^ their biting and quick tafte, elpecially in the Spring, eaten with Salt.
There are three forts of RaMfies, the (null eating Radifh, the Horfe Radiß)r and the black Radißj.
The firft is that which hath been fo much in repute, and is now ordinarily eaten, and is railed of Seed.
To have them early they muft be railed on a hot Bed, with a fufficient thicknels of good rich light Mold, that they may have depth enough to root in before they reach the Dung.
To have large and clean Radißies, make holes as deep as your finger about three inches diftant, into each hole drop a found Seed (or two if folpitious) and cover the Seeds a little, leaving the reft of the hole open ; thus will they grow to the height of the hole ere they dilate their Leaves, and yield you a long and tranlparent Root.
You may fowe them all the year, thole in the Winter in hot Beds, thole (own after Mid-,
Jummer will not run to Seed that year., - . '
They delight in rich and light groundj and require watring, for in dripping years they prove faireft.
The Horfe Radiß) is increaled by Plants, as Ra~ well as from Seeds, and uled by many as an dl>hes" excellent and wholefome Sauce.
The black Radiß) is fo mean a Root that it Ra' finds no place in a good Garden.
, M 5
Onionsits CHHItUf	Book in.
Onions* Onions are an ancient Food, efpecially of the Egyptians, and are much efteem’d of by the Spaniards, who eat them as Englishmen do Apples/ for in the hotter Countries they are a little milder than here.
There are lèverai forts of them, the Straf burgh Onion, red Spanijh, white Spanijfs, and the' Engltjh • the red the moft tart, and the white the mildeft ; the ordinary Englifi are not fo fair as thofè of BÏfcày or St. Omers, but thélè by often lowing degenerate.
■'Sow êOnions in February , or beginning of March, ’between the full of the Moon, and thé Iaft Quarter, and they will head very well, and not run to Chibols. 1
They delight in good Land, well tempered and freèd from Weeds, they extend not their Fjbres far downwards, therefore in your lowing them tread! ÿour/Bed or beat it flat, then lôwe it with your Seed as equally difper-led as'you can, and not too thick, then lift over it fine rich Earth,' a finger thick at moft ; by this means the root will grow larger, and not be apt- to run into the ground, for an Ow-on and ^Turnip, the more on the furfacethey grow, the fairer they prove : This I had from /an experienced perlon..
' Onions lown with Salt are laid to- prolper and grow large ; it is not improbable, bëçaulè they leem to extra# much of the brackilh rnoifture of the Earth. • ' -, '
Y ou may low Onions allthe year for' the ufe ©f thé young Onions or Scallions • thole lown
.... ^	• ■	;	jjjijti Auttt,m% may be covered with Stray? or Peafe-hapm, and: io prelerv'd aU the Y^inter, and wjli; beearfy Gk*k°k °r Scallions ir^ ^hp; Spring.	:	- v -.Y	.
You may plant lmall;	or fuch that
ar? grown or beginning to, fhpoj: ip the Spring, in deep bates, and thsyi yy^ prp.ye good Chi\
hols.
'if her? is a diftirvft fpscies of Qbibols or Afca-lonian, Onions, ip France, that-are, increased by Qff-fets, as the Eftbalots, but they are not u-j(ua\ with us.
The ule pjf Onions is generally known, and, the advantage they bring to the careful (gardener very, great.
The ufe of Garlick is as anpient as that of of Onions with the Fgy plans, who had them hpth . in very great eteeem, as now our Weljh hayq Leeks3 and uted t°iiwear by Garfick and Onion/, deeming them Sacred, beeatife they a horded them fo much, rare food: much after the fame manner do our ancient Lritqms dedicate th? Leek, to their Saint David op his day, and <y$r gyt>tian-\ike3 fome of them are known by their Magazine pf Garltck-fume, at a great di-ftance.
Garfish is planted by Offsets ip February pr Ifarch in good rich Soyl, and it will increase vyonderfqlly. About the end of June yqu muft tie tbe Leaves in knots, which will make them bead, and prevent their ipindlmg: it may be taken up in August when the blade withereth.
M 4
Much16$	c&e act of <$artJeittaff, Book m.
'Much of it is eaten in Wales and Scotland» and iojne part of England, and much more of it would bedpent for its whoMomenefs, were it not for the offenfive fmell it gives to the bystanders, which is taken away by eating of a Beet-root rofted in the Embers, as Menander (a Greek Writer quotedsby Pliny) iaith.
Of Efcba- Efchalots are now from France become an Enghfl) Condiment, and are increafed and managed near after the fame manner as the Garlicky only they are to be fet earlier becaufe they fpring (boner, and taken up as foon as the leaves begin to wither, which is before the Garlick. They maft not lie in the ground long after, for either they rot in the ground or the Winter kills them.
They give a fine relifh to mod Sawces, and ’ the breath of thofe that feed on them is not offenfive to others, as it is of thofe that feed on Garlick or Onions: they are apt to degenerate, being planted two or three Years in the fame ground, therefore it is beft to renew >	your Plantation with new Plants lately brought
from France, within two or three Years.
&f Ltt^s. ' Leeks were in ufe as anciently as Onions or Garlick , not only in forreign Parts, but here in Britain, as is evident by the conftant ufe of them by the IVcljh, who propagate an abundance of them, infomuch, that I have feen the greateft part of a Garden there ftored with Xeeks, and part of the remainder with Onions rand Garlick,
ByBook m. Cfje act of ®arncmn& i69
By reafon of their mild nature they are much ufed in Porrage, which hath derived its Name from Forrum a Leek, though now from the French, we call it Pottage.
They are railed of Seeds, as the Onions, and fown about the fame time.
About AuguH, plant your Leeks in very fat rich Ground, and make the holes deep with a letting Stick, wherein plant them, but fill not the hole with Earth; water them once in two days with water enriched with fat Dung, and they will be very large and white.
Plant the bell for Seed, as you do the Onions ; and the leed-bearing ftalks of both mull be lupported by Sticks and Threads, elfe they will lean to the Ground.
Sives being a diminutive kind of Leek} is . s.v(S next to be mentioned; they are increaled by * parting them, and planting them in fingle Heads early in the Spring, if planted in good Land, they will multiply exceedingly, they ft and many Years, and are a plealant Sawcc and good Pot-herb.
CHAP.®lje dtt of	Book m.
*7«
CHAP, m
0/ Beans and Peafe.
G Arden Beans are an ancient fopd,efteenfd by flmy the principal of all Pulfe, they a^e a very ftrong and nburilhing Meat. Pythagoras forbid his Scholars the eating of Beauts, only ( as is foppofed) becaufe they were a rough Meat, and difturbed their fedate minds in the night, and are not therefore fo goodt for Philofophiers' nor Students. The greater fort which we vulgarly call Sflvovkh Beans, are by much to be preferr’d for theiri fruitfulnefs and goodnefs.
They may be let in November, and at any time after till May faux, molt fecurely in February or March, for if they begin to fpire, and very fevere Frofts happen after it, they may be all deftroyed. Probat urn eft.
It is not good to let them promifcuoufly, but in double ranges, at three foot diliance at leaft, thp Ranges running from North to South, the Sun will comfort and ripen them the better.
IfBook iil act of ®ac&enm& 171
If you cut off the Stalks of you? Beans near the ground, when they are firll ripe, the Roots will fpring again, and in feafonable Years you may have a fecpnd Crop aboufc Michaelmas.
From whence we may conclude, that if you cut off your Beans that are let in th&
Spring, at luch times as they begin to blow, then they will germinate again into moire Branches and bear late, much better than if they were planted late, which extream drawthi ufually hinders from coming to perfe&ion* .
There is a fmall fort of Bean called a Sph nijh Bean that ripens early, and therefore to be preferr’d.
Kidney Beans were as ancient a Food as the of Kidney other, and in very great eftpem with the old Beans‘ Italians; yet within the Memory of Man were a great rarity here in England, although now a known and common delicate Food,
They delight in a warm, light, and fertile ground, which being well ftirr’d, and about May-day, or very little fooner, planted with the Kidney-Beansy at about a foot apart,, and two fingers deep, will yield you an extraordinary Crop.
You may either fot tall Sticks near for £hem to twine about, or let them lie on the ground, but if you are ftraicned in room,thole on Sticks will yield you the greateft enereafe.
Of thefe there are 4 fcwts, 1, The Scarlet Bean, which yieldeth a rough husk, andis not the beft to pat in the (hell as Kidney Bums u172 C&e $rt of ^at&enfnfl;. Book hi.
v fually are eaten, but is reputed the beft to be eaten in the Winter when dry and boyled. z. The Tainted or Streaked Bean, which is the hardieft although the meaneft of all, and is known., the dry Bean being all over ftreaked with a dark Colour. ;. The large White Bean, which yields a fair and delicate Pod. 4. The (mall White Bean, which except in fize is like the latter, but efteem’d the (weeter.
Bona. Vi- There is another fort much like the lall,that (la's. is natural to the Ifland Bona Vifla, and thence taken and propagated in the Summer Iflands, from whence fome certain perfons have them dry, and efteem them as delicate Meat; they will flouriih well here in Branch, but our Summers are not long enough to bring them to maturity, Quare, if railed on a hot Bed. ef viafti ?eafe are °f divers kinds, and (ome of them the fweeteft and molt plealant of all Pulfes; the meaner fort of them have been long acquainted with our Englijh Air and Soil j but the fweet and delicate forts of them have been introduced into our Gardens only in this latter Age...
There are divers forts of Peafe now propagated in England, as three feveral.forts of Hot-Jpttrs, the long, thefhort, and Barns3$ Hot-j}ur. Sandwich, five forts of Rouncivals, the Grey, White, Blew, Green, and Maple Rouncival, Three forts of Sugar Feafe, the large White .,
, (mall White, and Grey Sugar Feafe. The Egg-Feafe, Wing Feafe, and Sickle Feafe ; whereof the Hot-Jfurs are the moft early, pleafant, and
profitableBook m. cfje art of <$ntnentnff* 173
profitable of all others. The Sugar Feafe with crooked Cods, the fweeteft of all. The large white and green Rouncival, and the great Egg-Feafe we fhall more particularly ad vile to be propagated in our Gardens.
The Hot-Jpurs are the fpeedieft of growth of any, that being Town about the middle of May will in fix Weeks time return ripe again into your hands,no Vegetable.befides being 16 quick in its growth and maturity $ therefore let thele be the firft that you low, if 16wn in February or March, they will come earlier than any o-ther lort lown before Winter ; but if you low them in September, and can by Fences of Reed, or other wile,defend them from extreamFrofts, you may have ripe Pealcods. in May following.
The large Sugar Feafe (which many take to be a fair white fweet Feafe lucceeding the Hot-Jpur, but erronioufly) is a tender Feafe planted in April3 and ripe after Midjummeri the Cods are very crooked and ill-lhaped,which being boyl’d with the unripe Feafet in them, are extraordinary fweet. The greateft dilcou-ragement in railing thele, is that their fweet-nels attracts the fmall Birds unto them, to their total deftru&ion, unlefs carefully prevented ; which is a lufficient Argument of their pre-excellency.
The large white and green Romcivals, or Hafiings, are tender, and not to be let till the cold is over, and then not very thick, for they Ipread much, and mount high, and therefore
require174	Cfie Wt of ®at&eiuit& Book hi. i
require the aid of tall flicks, every onfc knows -the Worth of them.
There is another very large grey, but extra- . ordinary fweet Peafe, that is lately propagated,. it is tender but very fruitful, and deferves a i large Bed in yourKitchin Garden.
They delight in a warm light Soyl, if it be i rich the Peafe are the fairer, if lean the Peafe a are the more early, and fpend better, efpeci- -ally when dry.
They are fet with a Dibble to more ad van- -tagethan fown in Rills or Furrows, but either way fhould be by a Line, and the rows eigh- -teen inches or two foot apart, as the ground is i in goodnels, that you may go between them i to haw, Weed, or gather them.
If you keep the ground between them bare,*:, they will ripen the fooner, for the heat of the I ground will contribute much thereto.
If you raife the Earth about them when they s are about a hand breadth high, they will flou-rifh the better.
If you fet or fbw them in the beginning of or before Winter, you muft interr twice as many Peafe as you need to do in cafe you ftay till February or March, becattfe the Gold and and1 Mice will deft toy-a part.
Ground laid in deep Furrows from -Eafi to WeB, and Peafe fown or fet on the Stfutb de-chning fide Of eadrFurrow, will defend your Peafe better fl| the Winter, thamif they were ibwnor fet oti a-Level. For on the Wiltfinre Plains, the Husbandmen leave their Land afterBook m C0e tct 0f ©amtuitg*
ter it is fown with Wheat, as tough and clotty as they can, to flicker their Corn in Grals from the leverity of the told Winds in the Winter.
Pedfi on Sticks will bear nlore, but on the ground Will ripen loonef. .
Of Cabbages and Caul)flowers.
Here is not a more ancietit nor com-
Cauhvort, nor any Garden Alimentfo wholelbme, if Cato that lived near two thou-land years fince, and Chryfippm and Dieucbes, two famous Phyfitians more ancient, (that wrote each of them a Volume of the excellent Vertues of this Plant) may be credited, Or the Countrey wherein they wrote confidered. Pythagoras himfelf, long before Cato) had not 16 mean an opinion of Beans, but he had as high of this. Ever fince thofe Times we have had the conlent and approbation of all our European Territories (except the more levere Northern) that Cabbages and Caulvrorts are a good and wholelome f ood, as their cpnlfant and vulgar ule of them in every place fufficiently manifeft. , Here in England not a Village with-
CHAP. IV.
mon Elculent Plant than a Cabbage or176	Clje 9ct of ^attanittk Book pt.
out them ; and if there be a Houle without a 1 Garden, or a Garden without a Caulwort, yet ] the Inhabitants or Owners of them will furnilh 1 themlelves from the Market: yet are they not : fo addi&edto the ufeof them here as in France, Holland, Germany, &c. where (in Germany} that famous City of Wurtsburgh is laid to derive its Name from the great plenty of Wurts, as they call them, that grow about it.
We have here many iorts of them befides the common which are known to every one, as the Dutch Cabbage, the large fided Cabbage, the white-headed Cabbage, the red Cabbage, perfum’d Cabbage, Savoy Cabbage, and Rujfia Cabbage.
The Dutch The firft that heads is a (mall white Cabbage, Cabbage, called the Dutch-Cabbage, and comes in Sea-; fon before the common English Cabbage, and and is veryfweet, notwithftanding it hath not felt the Froft, which is a great improver of the taft of mod Cabbage.
the large- The Cabbage that is now much in requeft is fided Cab- the large-fided Cabbage, it’s a very tender Plant, bage’	(own not till May, planted out in July, and in
the Autumn is eaten as the bed: Cabbage in the World.
The white- The large white-beaded Cabbage , which is headed the biggelt of all Cabbages, is worthy your Cabbage. care for jts greatnefs lake.
There is a (brt of red Cabbage, and another Cabbage. inc('n^ng to purple; they are fmall and grow near the ground, and are planted only for variety fake, and to garnilh Dilhes, &c.
ThereBook in. ,c&$art0f ®amtun& 177
There ate lomc fort that have a Musky Scent, Perfum'd and are therefore called, perfum’d .Cabbages CMbagt. which are not unworthy your Gare^<
But one of the belt forts of all is the SavoyThi Savoy Cabbage,r alfhoft as hardy as qur common Eng-hjh Cabbage $ the Winter Plants head very well, being planted out in the Spring, as the ordinary Cabbages are, the heads when the Frails have touched them turn yellbw, land then are delicate Meat.
Thefe that are railed oL Seed, in the; Spring will have but lmall heads,] which, as alio thole without heads in the fucceeding Winter, are exceeding any ordinary\Cml or Cabbage.
The- Rujfix Cabbageis the leaft and moft The Rnjffla humble of all the C*bba£ejj. growing very near c*bbagt. the ground; is very plealant Food, hardy and quick of growth: So that you need not be without all the Summer. The Winter Plants heading eirly, and the Spring Plants arriving to maturity in leven weeks after they are fown.
Sow all your Cabbage Seeds that you intend for Winter Plants in August,, or beginning of September, and when they are grown with Leaves about three Fingers broad, then draw them and plant them out in frelh and rich Land; where they may remain all the Winter, and at Spring replant them where they are to Hand for Cabbages. Thele are thole they call Leger Plants chat produce the faireft Cabbages.
You may low your Seeds in the Spring, in March and April, for Cauls for the whole Summer j and fome of them, if the Year prove N	drip- ’178 c&c act of ijpatijenfitg* Book in.
dripping1, or they fometimes watred will head.
At the tranfplanting your young Plants, water them w;4th water that is enriched with dung.
Before the great Frofts furprife you, you may take up your hardeft Cabbages, and after they have hung up by their Roots about a fortnight, to drain the water from them, you may either lay them in fome Cellar, where they will keep a long time^ or plant them deep in the ground dole one to another, and cover them with Hawm or Straw until you have oc-cafion to ufe them..
Thofe you intend for Seed, you may plant in rich Soil indifferent deep, and cover them from the Frofts, and in the Spring they will quickly, alpire. .
Belides thefe variety of Cabbages, Caul, and Sprouts fpringing from the old decapitated Stumps, there is a perennial Caul, being ufual-ly called Sheer-Wort or Sheer-Caul that will continually yield you a green Mefs whenever you have occafion, and deferves a place in your Kitchin Garden, and is railed of Seed as the other.
There is al(o»i fort of Caul that is very much curled, and is very good, and by fome much efteenfd.
But the German Colewort exceeds all other for its delicate Taft, and its hardinefs againft the greateft fevericy of the Winter, although not yet commonly propagated. of cmi)-	There, is a Species of Cauls much more ex-
fimrs.	-	cellenc* Book in. %\)z of 6at0entnfi^
cellent than any of the former which are Cauliflowers, which merit a far greater efteem at the Table than the Cabbage, for a time, their prime Seafon lafts not above two Months. But afterwards the Cabbage becomes a better Di/h, which is welcome to any Man’s Table fix Months together, and the Sprout sand green Caul all the refidue of the year.
Their Seeds are fown in AuguB or September on Beds, where they may be defended all the Winter by Mats or other dole Shelter to prelerve them from Frofts.
In the Spring about the end of March, it is a good time to plant them out in Plants where they fliould Band, which in a dripping Spring, or by diligent watring will yield your fair Flowers, but if they are not warred, they will bring forth ragged and divided Flowers.
You may low their Seed in February on & hot Bed, and have Flowers within a Month after thofe that were (own before Winter.
Thofe that are of one growth ufually flower about a time, which to prevent, you may remove fome of your Plants once every fortnight, for two, three, or four times, as you think good, which will keep them back from flowring, and lo you may have them one after another as you pleafe: Or you may Cut off your Flower before it be fully ripe With a long Stalk, and let it in the ground as far as you can, and it will retain its ripening, but you mull Ihade it, and give it a little Water, left it wither.
N i
CHAP.i*6	' •SL’be 9ït Of ©fltSEmng;. Book w
CHAP. V.
■ Of Melons,	,
Of Milan, /[IL M Floris òr MUsktnèìòni, as they irò irfu-1 W 1 H tdmèd pdlft their pleafàtlt LV JL Sccrìt, are ifi thè nlore Southern Countries,- not unworthily' ëfteèm’d the moft delicate fruit the Kitehin tjàïâkn affords, fòt in thòfè wâffncf AifSthèÿ attain a greater degree - of Maturity which exceedingly adds to therr Gun ana Sa?Libri ty, however here ili ÌLngland being railed in the firlf'of thé Spring, ànd having thereby all thé puttie òf the Stifnrner, and heat that Nature and Art Can give théhi, they, are a pteafeh f and a'ftiOtH (h fëpaft, and therefore dêlePvé foiif hiigllfâV.tate In their propagation, and mahagéiTtchV.f . Tjj^rd^td (eyeral%TO.OT'^Jfe?^/,J Inll called by lederai Naihç^/J bdf'thofè fìioft . tifùally knoWn^'c the targo fìMfedMéài9 'àfnd. the fin aufàuna Melon. .	‘ * '
They, afe fòwri hi ’fMiàfjf M nttfftìS of the ‘ Moon ih jour hot Bed, (thérttakiitè wheréof yoli fhâtl find at the èhd .or. this Boòk; thè Sèéds firlt iteòp’clm Milk 'ttvéhty fbnr hótffs, àhd then'let twó of-three In a hole àbóutirr inch deep.
WhenBook in. €&e8tt0f$at&enm$*
When your Seeds are in the ground, cover up your Bed to preferve it warm, and >vhen they are come up>then cover them with drinking-glades, leaving room for a little Air near the ground.
Towards the end of April you may remove your Melon Plants out of the hot Bed, into the Bed wherein they are to grow all the Summer, which Bed, or at leaf! certain large holes in it, is to be of very rich light Mould: the belt time for this Work is in an Evening after a fair day.
At their firft removal they mud be watred and defended from Sun and Cold, three or four days together, and afterwards from the Cold.
When the Plants grow large, you may coyer them either with glafs Bells made for that purpofe, or with lquarc Cafes of Glafs made by the Glafiers for the fame ufe. Be fere keep them clofe at Night, and give them feme ad-miflion of Air under the Glafs, or at the top in the day time.
To prevent proftsfrom hurting your Plants, and Hail from breaking your Glaffes, if you have any forewarning pi either, you may cover your Glaffes with Peafe-flraw or Mats.
When you water your M$9W (which they exped only in very dry and hop Weather) water them at half a foot diflanse from the Root and not wet the jLeaves.
Place a Tile under each Melpn} it will lie the warmer upon it, and nip off the fmall N 3	/hootsisz.	p:sedctof ^atucm'ng^ Bookm.
ilioots that exhauft the lap from the more leading Branches.
.Some prefcribe to cover your Melon Eed two or three inches with Sand, to increale the Teat of the Sun by refie&ion, but Tiles under the Fruit may do as well.
Alloit is adviled that you Ihelter your newly removed Plants from the heat of the Sun at Noon, and until four in the Afternoon, as well as from the Cold, and that until the Plants have gotten Leaves broad enough to cover their Stalks and Roots from the parching Sun.
When your Melons are as big as Tennis-Balls, then nip off the (hoots at lome diftance beyond them at a Joynt, and the Melons will grow large.
Melons are known to be ripe when the Stalk fee ms as if it would part from the Fruit, when they begin to gild and grow yellow under-• neath, and by their fragrant Odour they yield, which increaleth as they more and more ripen.
But every Melon appears not alike in colour when mature, therefore you mull confider their different Natures. If they are to carry far, then gather them when they begin to ripen, but if they are to fpend immediately,then let them be through ripe.
When you gather your Melons, you may put them before they be cut into a Bucket of . cold Water, for a minute of time, to refrelh them, which will make them eat cool and pleafant/ahd with an excellent Flavour j as
itBook in. f£fjc of $9rtenfn$> ^ it will mend a Botrje of Wine in hop Weather.
'Leave fbme part of the Stalk to the Melon, left by being broken too near, the Melon lan-guilh and lofe the richnefs of its tafte : Let them not when you gather them be too green, nor over ripe.
Preferve the Seeds of thole that are moft early ripe, and prefer thole Seeds that lodged at the funny fide of the Melon.
Cucumbers have been in very great efteem in °i Csscum-the more Southern Countries, and of late years ^iru are much improved in England, and become a general Condiment for the hot Sealonofthe year, as they are Crude from the Garden, and for the more cold Sealbn as they are prelerv’d in pickle.
There are two forts of them, that is, the large green Cucumber, vulgarly called the Horfe-Cucumber, which the French call Tar roquets. parro. And the [mall white or more prickly Cucumber, quits. thefe are beft for the Table-green out of the Garden, but the other to preferve.
They are planted and propagated after the fame manner as ape the Melons, only they require more watring, and withal they are much more hardy.
Although watring makes the Cucumbers more fruitful, yet they are more pleafant and whole-fome if they have but little Water.
Pompeons are much more hardy than Melons of Pompt-or Cucumbers ; yet are they tender in their firft ons. Springing, and therefore are not ufually plant-N 4	sdi»4 Cfjeatt of-^atbenfitg* HSrai
ed until April} and then for {bme time after they are come up. defended from the Cold.-Thi:y> jmift be planted in rich old Dung, and require a large place, to ramble in, they will lay their Fruit qn the Ground, or on Scaffolds made for that pur pole, or on Pales or dry Hedges.
GfSquaftics ' There are leffer forts of them that are lately brought 'into requeft that are called Sqmjhes, the edible part whereof boyl’d and lerv’d up with powdered Beef, is eheem'd a good Sauce.
Thefe andfcveral others of the (mailer kinds of Vcmpecfjs are railed and managed as the Fotn-peon or Cucumber»
CHAP. VI. r Of Sallad-Herbs.
BEfides the great variety of Efculent and Ali mental Plants which we have already named j the greateft part whereof may, be eaten by themfelves, and not as Sauces or Sallads, there yet remain (everal excellent Herbs and Plants that are of great ule in the Kuchin, and are very pleafmg and wholefome at the Table, the principal whereof of the Let- is the Lemcr,which contendethvvithanyofthe tact. former named Plants for Antiquity ; it is an
excellentiBook in. ^L|)c act of ®atUenm$* ?8$
excellent Summer Sallad, cooling and refrelh-ing, and for that ule hath it been always pro*
; pagated : And although there be leveral forts :of them, yet that one Cabbage-Lettuce being i the beft, eaten either raw or boyled, the 0-i ther may be negle&ed.
They are uiually fbwn in February and . March, and unlels the Weather prove very i cold, they will flourilh and yield you a Spring Sallad in the beginning of April, but if defended by any good defence, then will they be fit for ule bclore that time.
Thole that are fown in March or April in good rich Land will head very well; yet it is faid they will head better if transplanted whilft they are young, although fome are of another opinion.
Lettuce lown in the Autumn, then tran-(planted and prelerv’d over the Winter, will head in the Spring before any that are (own and tranlplanted in the Spring.
The forts of Lettuce that are uiually accounted are, the Cabbage, Lumbard, Rowan,
Arabian, Savoy, Rofe, Red and Gurled Lettuce.
You may blanch the larggft Reman Lettuce when they are at their full growth, by binding them up with Straw or raw Hemp, or by covering them with earthen Pots fit to erv dole them, and afterwards heating the Pots with long Dung.
fur flam in fome moift Jflands between the ofPurjiain, Tropicks is a natural wild Plant, but here in England is propagated with fome difficulty, and ufod as an excellent Sallad.	ki86	Cfje art Of	Book m.
It is tender in the Spring, the Frofts ufually ^ nipping it, but rather the drought or fmall I dew Snails, for I have known more than once ! the Seeds of Purjlain, that have been iponta-neoufly fallen in the Autumn, to flouri/h in the Spring, notwithftanding the Winter, which indeed was not very fevere. ' - ;
But to have it early, you may fow it on the hot Bed, or in April, in any rich foil finely drefied, and after the Seeds arefown, to clap, over the Bed with the back of your Spade, and water it, for it delighteth in moifture.
If it be fown thin, or tranfplanted apart, it will yield you fair Plants, either for Seed, or to pickle, or to boyl.
When the Seed looks very black, then gather the ftalks and lay them abroad in the Sun, which will the better maturate the Seed; lay them on a Board or Cloth to preferve them from filling, and houfo them irn the night, and expofe them in the day until they are ripe.
It is laid that the Seed of three or four years old is better than the new.
Corn Sat-	Com SaHad is well known to be an early
and excellent Sallad in the firft of the Spring ; it is firft railed by fowing of its Seed, but af« terwardsit will fow it folf.
Spinage is known to be an excellent Herb crude or boyl’d, it is railed of Seed fown ear-.^ly in the Spring, but much better if fown in September, that it may gain ftrength to withstand the Winter, as is by fome affirm’d; thefo
• WinterBook hi. c&e Ztt of ^actiem'nep. 187
Winter Plants are fitted for the Lent fealbn, the Spring Plants for the Summer.
Endive, Succory, Beets and Orach, are all of Zndivt, them good Sallads boyl’d, and are railed of&c Seeds in the S pring.
Of Sorrel, there are leveral forts, but the Sorrel. larged is mod proper for your Garden, ferving for many ules in the Kitchin, it’s raifed mod eafily of Plants which Ihould not be let too near, it being apt to fpread and grow large.
There is an Herb called Patience, that is pat-imtA planted by Sets in fome Gardens, and makes a very good boy I’d Sallad.
Barrage and Bugloji are very well known for Barrage the excellent properties of their Leaves and	Bug-
Bloflbms, and are not to want a Room a- lo$m morigft your bed Culinary Herbs.
Chervil may be (own in the hot Bed to make chervil. an early Sallad, or in March for other times:
The Seed lies long in the ground, you'may therefore fow it at leveral times, that you may have it young and tender throughout the Summer. This Sallad is much preferr’d for its fine biting tad, be fore many other dull Herbs.
There is another fort of it called fweet Chervil.
Allifanders are fown in the Spring, and live AUifandtrs over the fucceeding Winter, and are blanch’d & Sctltri. by furrounding them with long Dung, or covering them with Ppts, and then are they fit to make an excellent Sallad, after the lame manner is Sceleri ordered* Some let the Plants deep in the ground, as before was directedi88
SmaUagt.
Far (ley.
Garden
Crejfes.
Indian
Crejfes.
Tarragon.
%i)e %xi of Mptfttg: Book m.
reded for the Leeks. Thus Beets, Succory, Endive, Lettuce, and thefè two Plants fo blanch’d, make very good Sallads.
SmaJage is an Herb fome ufe in their fop-tage, and is railed by Seed.
But farfley is the moft univerfally uled in the Kitchin of all Garden Herbs, fhny laid of it fo long fince, that foarce any man there .was but loved it, and that it was in fo great repute in his time, that in Acbaia they honoured it by Crowning the Vidors in their lacred Carnes with Chaplets of it, and as divers were the opinions of Phylicians then as now of the vertues and qualities of it. This however we know,that it is an excellent Ingredient in moft Pottages, Sawces, and Ballads, its way of lowing is generally known.
Pfafiurtium or Garden CreJJes are Ibwn in many Gardens for culinary ulès.
Naßurtium ln die um, Indian CreJJes or Tettow LarkJJurs, from a Flower are now become an acceptable Ballad, as well the Leaf as the BloJP lorn. They are railed for early Sallads in the hot Bed, but Ibwn in April, will grow vejy well on ordinary Car ^»-ground, and give you a plentiful encreafe of Leaves and BlolToms. The Buds before they are throughly blown, are an excellent Ballad pickled, as Clove-Gijli> flçwers and Çowflip BloJJem uiually are*
Tarragon for its fine biting taft is much ufed by fome in their Ballads, and is ençreafçd hy Cions and Tops.
ThereBook ui. Cf)t Hrt of ^atBentng. 189
There are feveral other Herbs that are ftou-riflied and propagated in Gar Jens for the ufe of the Kitchin, as Blood-wort, Clary, Arach, Lang Je beuf, Nep, Violets, Strawberries, Carr aw ays, Fennel, DiU, Muflard-feed, Rocket, Rampions, Ratnfons, Sage of Jerusalem, arid Marigolds.
The Methods of raifing and iticreafing them being fo well known, as alfo their Ufes, that it would be fiiperfluous here to defcribe them.
CHAP. VII.
Of Sweet Herbs.
BEfides all thofe before mentioned, there of , are divers fweet Herbs, as they are term- Herbs. ed, that are very tteceffary for the compounding many excellent Condiments, and to add a relifh to the beft Pottage, which lhallbe here briefly enumerated.
Garden Mints were univerfally ufed for Sau- 0y M[nUi ces in Pliny’s time, and much commended for their fingular Vertues, elpeOially the young fed Buds in the Spring, With a due proportion of Vinegar and Sugar, refrelh the Spirits and ftirreth up the Appetite, and is one of the beft Sallads the Garden affords. There are divers forts of Mints, but the red Garden Mint is the beft.i9o mje m of	Book &
Of Sage.	Sage is alfo an Herb or Shrub much u fed in
the Kitchin, and the young Leaves thereof^ efpecially of the red Sage, is a very w hoi fome Sallad in the Spring. The Slips thereof planted in April or May are very apt to grow.
There are feveral forts of Sage,the reel, green, /mall, and variegated, but the red is the belt for moft ufes.	. ;
of Mar jo*	Of Marjoram there are feveral kinds *. the
ram.	fine fiveet, which is yearly railed of Seed fown
in May, the vulgar fweet, railed by Slips, and the Jot Marjoram by the lame way ; there is alfo of this latter fort fome that is party-coloured, or White and Green, and fome only White, propagated for variety-lake; the ufe of thele is commonly known.
of Thyme. Thyme was anciently celebrated for its great plenty of Food it yieldeth for Bees ; as Virgil writing of Bees:
. ■ AtfieJJie mult a referunt fe noEle minores,
Crura Thymo plena.' —
But tboje that youthful he, and in their prime,
Late in the Night return, laden with Thyme.
Tliny faith, that by the plenty or fcarcity of the Blolfoms of Thyme, you may forefee the plenty or fearcity of Honey for that year: But the worth of this Herb is not lb much to be di* fputed in this place, as the ufefulnels of it in the Kitchin where it ought not to be wanting.
OfiBook in. Cfje act of	i*91
Of Thyme there are many forts. The Vulgar iEngliJh, the Lemon Thyme, fo called from its rinoft exa& fmelllike a Lemon ; Gilded Thymet lMusk and Mafiich Thyme, which lalt is incomparably fweet, and ought to be carefully pre-ilerved ; any of the other are fit for the Kitchin.
Of Savory there are two forts, the Summer of Savory. iand Winter. The former is ib called, becaufe lit is annual and railed of Seed : it is ufually >fown amongft Onions, becaufe there is'an an- “ ccient Tradition, that the growing of it there r makes the Onions the more Iweet; if you let > fome of it ftand to Ihed its Seed, it is fo hardy ' that it will come up again the fucceeding ' Spring, although the ground be again dig-sged.	.
The Winter-Savory is fo called, becaufe it ii lives over many Winters, and is increafed by 2 Cions as well as by Seed ; the ufes of both are I ve ry well known in the Kitchin.
Hyfop is nominated amongft culinary Herbs,«?/ Hyfoy.
1 although not fo much in ufe in the Kitchin; j as for Medicine or its natural fweetnefs, it is fo »vulgar an Herb, that every one knows its propagation.
There are many other fweet Herbs that are of fever tl r ufeful in the Kitchin, although not fo gene- others.
1 rally as the former, but according to the par-»ticular occafions that require them, as Penny-c royal3 Siveet Maudlin, Tanjiei Balm, Bajil, Bur-:t net, and Coaft-Mary, alfo Lavendar, and Cam-j momil are not to be wanting, though not efcu-! lent, in any Cafe.
CHAP.* 9*
fSM of $8t&enftt& Book nr
CHAP. VIII.
Of fume othet Efiuletit Vegetables.
THere are fame Plants, Herbs, or parts) of themv that are Efculeilt either of themfelves, or in Condiments, thatf are not tifually propagated in Gardens for that! purpofe^ as the young Buds of Hops boy I’d do much rdemble yijparagas in the eating^nd arc very pleafant and wholefbme where the others are not to be had j the young jfhootsof a hewv lopp’d Elder-Tree being boyl’d, are efteenVd *i, tnoft excellent Difttj the ordinary Buds ofii Elder3 and the red young tops of Nettles, anda of Wam-mffet, and alfo of Brookdinn, every' Herb-woman can tell you are good Spring Sal-> lads Or Boct age-herbs.
The green tops of young Vtafe‘ Out off and; boylti, are reported to be a moft delicate Difh,;-qudu> Whether if they being cut off, the re-:-maining Roots will not emit new Ihoots, andbt produce a fair Crop of later Peafe ? If theyj-will, Chen nuy you have late Peafe better thisif way than by lowing late.
Green Corn bruited yieluiojayre rhac isufed ini; the Kitchmin £(culehts,aftd f i n ay te reckon dv amongft the number, nc-twichiUt: Jingny.
Baton did not efteemk Eicwknc,Book nt {5;8e9ttof töartienfok	19;
Gbampignms-j- Müßnomesy or Moujjerons, have Mufiromes.'1 been-eVcir repüted a dainty Dilh, in the chbitfe-and 1 preparing of which the ancient Rmdns'' took a great'delight. Yet then were leveral per-fons poyfoned1 with the ule'of luch of them, that were of a^venemotis nature, and in thefö colder Climates Ibme forts of them .are; not’ much to he confided'in.:: V. J ; ;	.
Thole that are edible ’here with ns'Hare either Mußrome	th’c Wobejsy and grow-by, the'
borders oP Woods and Forreßst and are; very 1 large ; or Mußromes of the Meadows and lwe£t'
Tajtures,' which grow frequently where'Cattel feed, which uliially flourilh in the /Httumri, and are molt efteem’d,. becaule of their Beau* ty and'whiteriels above^ and Vermiliori be-; neath, having alfölä'’pl£alant fcenf with them.
It is Paid that you may raife Mußromes in Beds in your Gardens, by preparing a Bed with the loyl of Mules or Ajjes, and covering it o-ver four lingers thick with rich Dung, andaf-tcrit hath laid a while to cool, then fo call ori it the parings and refule of Mußromes, and old rotten Mußromes with the YVater uled a* bout them, and in a Ihort time your Bed will produce them. Or liich Water poured on Melon Beds will caule it to fend forth Muß-romeu i \
It is probable that thele, though unperfed Plants, may have a Seed, which lown in an apt place may produce others of thelameSpe-cies.
My
O'94 cije att of ®atSenfn^ Book hi.
^ My Lord VemUm in his Natural Hiftory gives a very goodQiara&er pf them, imputing unto them two ftrange properties: The one, that they yield fo delicious a Meat; the other, that they come up fa h^ftjly 5 I have known one of about a foot in diameter, .alpioft round and full of fcarce twice 24 hours growth.
The fame honourable Lord tells you-,(;that it’s dangerous forfeiting with, them, and gives you feveral Reports, thaf ^eferk of white or red Poplar cut fmall, and caft into -furrows well dunged, wiU caufe the aground tp put forth $ii*Ibromes at aU	;the ye^r: (k to
! He. ajttb adds a Report, that Harts-horn fhaven.Of ifi fmallpieces mix’d with Hung, and watr^a, Jj x p^tteth pg	; nfj ,
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CHAP. IX.
Of general Improvements, Mr« fcejlaneom Experiments.
4 ■ Ml ”cr|KI 10f ,* V-/.• ( \.;	• W.	1
SECT. !
Cjf improving Garden Ground hy Labour
only. ;•	..
HAving thus briefly given you aparrici* hr of ornamental, as well as ufeful. Parrs *and Materials for your feverai Gardens, arid the Ipecifical ways of preparing/ Ordering, and managing of the various Plants, Blowers/ apd other Curiofities ufually growing irithem, it now remains that fomething be iaid-as lex the more general manner of im--provingtyour Ground, and preparing of Dungs, Soyls, and Conipofts proper for your ufe, and making of hot Beds, with many other things rieceffary to be known by fuch that delight in the. improvement of Hortulans.
Of the general mixtures of Earths the brie with the other , to qualifie their Natures by adding that :of a contrary/ I have before IX* O i	leourfetbW)z art of	Book iii.
Icourled. Of the preparation of Earth without any fuch mixtures, Sir Hugh Platt hath given you an ^Enigmatical Defcription, calling it his Pbilofophical Garden ; his Precept is, 4 To c pave a Iquare Plot with Brick (if covered f with Plaifter of Parts the better) making up c the fides of Brick alfo, plaiftred likewife j let f it be of a convenient depth, fill it with the c belt vegetative Saturn which ybu'can get, f that hath flood two years, or one at the leaft, c quite within his own Sphere, make contriti-
*	on of the lame; and be lure to avoid all ob-c ftru&ions, imbibe.it with Aqua Coelefiis in a r true proportion : grind it once a day till it r be dry ; being dry, let it Hand two or three r days without any imbibition,that it may the ' better attract from all heavenly influence,con-f tinuing then alfoaPhilolophical Cohtfition e-4 very day, (this grinding muft allobe’uled in f the vegetable works, where,the Mercury of r Herbs is uled inftead of Aqua Coekfi-is) during
*	all the time of preparation: Then plant what c rare Flowers, Fruits, or Seeds,:,you>pleale c therein; the lame Phiiolopher then tells you, f That (if his Theory of Nature* deceive him c not) that Saturn lo enriched fromythe Heavens, without the help of rany manner of f Soyl, Marl, or Compofl (after one years rc-c volution) will make the fame tor flourilh
*	and fru&ifie in a flrange and admirable man-c ner.
By his Vegetable Saturn may be underftood, luch Earth that is moft prone to lend forth
Plants;Book ii§ tE&e art of (SatOcmniy*
Plants; hy its Handing fo long within its own Sphere, -only that it hath been covered eh tEer naturally by Turf, or artificially by Build*, iqg, ok flich like, that it hath been prevented from wafting its foccund Nature, by fending forth or bearing Vegetables. The belt of fiich refted fruitful Earth, is to be put in what quantity you pleafe into your brick or ftone Ci-ftern (being made proportionable) but not to deep left it hinder you from ftirring the Earth ,to the bottom, and will not permit it to dry fo eafily, this muft be reduced to a fineneß; therefore it would not be amiß to let it paß the fieve or fereen before you put it in your Ci-ftern. The imbibition of this Earth with Aqua, Cqieftir-can be no other than with Rain-water, which is exhaled by the influence of the Sun, and in the A-ir attradeth a Volatile Nitre,which defeending with the Rain on the dry Earth is foon imbibed again j this Volatile Spirit or Ni«-tre that thus arifeth in fo great a quantity, is that Spiritus Mundt that caufeth all Vegetation, and wherevvith the Air it felf is filled, and by feveral ways coagulated, and by the often irri-; gating the Earth with it, the Earth is the more fertilized : But this way of continuing the Gon-trition, or ftirring it every day to dry it, makes the Earth mu(?h eafier to attract the Water, which being added in a true or fo little a. proportion, that it may not wet but moiften only, the Earth will leave its nitrous or vegetating Vertue behind it, when the phlegrpaticEpart fumes away again by the. ftirring of the Earth, O 3	which$$8	C5e art of	$>ok nt
Which if it were added in too gréàûdi quantity would exhauft the nitrous fpirit that? wksbeforé in the Earth. Fdr it is a général ObfetYltionr amongft Philôfophers, that as the greatet°over-? poweréth the letter,ib if thé matter yôu add bd volatiIe,&: greater in proportion than that which is fixait is apt to volatilize thatwhich before was fixt,being added unto ir.and on thé contrary,that if the volatile matter be lets in proportion thari the fist, to which you add it, theft là that which ÎS fixt apt to fix thé volatile : therefore did our Author wifely add, that the imbibition tfiould be made in a true proportion, which is, that the Rain-water Ihould beojnly Fdt' an eafie humeCtation, and not too- gréait- a Wetting j then hé tells you, that it Ihould ffahd two or three days without any imbibition, that is, between every humeCtation the Earth fhoulq be throughly dryed as'the Air Or Wind can dry it, which will take* tip- fuch a fpace 6f time; not Withftanding ycftf daily - flirting it * For thé drier any open terreftial Matter is, it doth hot only the more éafilÿ attract, but more perfectly fixdtfr that which otherwife would be more volatile j although Our'Author hath not givén caution of it, yet iris prefumed that thelqüard Plot or Giflern he ptelcribes Ihould ^ covered or defended from the Sun, which bÿ1 his Rays is àpt "to attract much of the Sfttjtkt -MAtidi,1 or Matter of Vegetablesj: 'where: thérd1 is: plenty ibîfî&^âs is’,evident from thb'.Vafib^ fmells th|fare! exhaled by it, ‘and’ Colours alfo riiuch lÿncrifàded by the Sunbeams than by the hfeat'1
Book in. €f}e act of ©attettmff. 19?
of Fire : and alio from the Rain which in great fhowers is apt to over-moiften it, and in continued Rains, to prevent its drying ; therefore your Rain-water ihould be kept, in a Ci-ftern made for that purpofe, where the longer it remains the better it will prove ; liich Ver-tue always encreafèth whilft it is in its proper Matrix, as appeareth by Urine kept long,' which yieldeth much more fpirit than whilft it is new.
By the Author’s; laying that this grinding ii to be uled in the Vegetable-work, where the1 Mercury of Herbs is uled inftead of Aqua Ce-left is ÿ it*s probable here he means the exprels’d Juice of green Vegetables, which virtually hath in it the matter of Vegetables, and rhay have the lame effeft cm the Earth in a fmall quanti* ty and little time, as the Rain-water hath in a greater quantity by the long continuation of the operation.
-This way of contrition, imbibition, and coagulation, enricheth the Earth, after the fame manner, by covering it many years with Build*» ing, by which means Salt-petre is increafed': only by this operation you may efle<St your Defign in one year with labour and diligence, which there you mull wait many years for p And by this may you heighten the Vèrtüe cif your Soil to a far higher degree, it being manual, than the other which is natural, and will not exceed the ordinary bounds limited in this Climate.
O 4
That*qo	dje art of <$attieitftt£. Bookr hi.
That our Author’s Saturn is our natural and common Earth, and his Aqua Ccelefiisj -Rainwater, may be concluded from his own Ex-preffions, uled in the fame Defcription of his Ebilofopbical Garden, which are, f That if the f Earth it lelf, after it hath thus conceived from ‘ the Cloiids, were then left to bring forth her c own Fruitsand Flowers in her own time, and
*	no Seeds or Plants placedtherein by the hand
*	of man, it is held very probable, that this ' heavenly Earth lb manured with the Stars,
*	would bring forth ftrange.and glorious Fruits r and Flowers, &c. Which is not improbable, if we confider the fertility of the Waters of SXilt, which are firft exhaulled in thole hotter African Regions, by the power of the Sun’s influence ( when in a due Latitude ) and con-denied by the Air far more fruitful, as well as the Earth, in Nitre there, than in chefe colder Regions,yielding that great and fertile Flood, whole precipitate or fetling flime lo far in-richeth the dried and thirfty Earth, that.it not only fpontaneoully produceth abundance of Vegetables, but Animals alio*
I know no realbn but by oblerving our Author’s Dire&ion in this Climate, -a diligent O-pcrator may adyanpe the yertue of our Earth to the fame degree, or greater, than the Egyptian Soil, and then may it anlwer his Expectations, in producing Inch Rarities, that by no other ways are here attainable; for if any man would advance or improve Nature,he mull ftead in Nature’s flaps, and trace her to the
Foun-Book m. Cfce art of ©nmrnnn;*
Foundation. : Next unto this extraordinary improvement of Earth by labour, without any other mixture than Earth and Rain-water, which many will not experiment, becaule of the length of time required in it, you may facilitate the Operation by often ftirring or digging your Land, and reducing it to a finenels by skreening it,which allb is a means to cleanfe it from Weeds, Stones, Worms, &c. that annoy your tender Plants; by reiterating of which Work, you expole the Earth thus opened to the Air, Froft, Snow and Rain, and capacitate it to receive the benign Influences of the Heavens, and prevent the exhauftihg of the nitrous Spirit by the growth of any Vegetables in it. This Operation the longer you continue it the better, the time for the begin-. ning of it is not material, fo that you let it receive the effe&s of both extream Sealbns: like unto this are your fallowings of Land for feveral Grains, elpecially the fallowings and twi-fallowings for Wheat, long before the laft plowing at the Seed-time, and in leveral cafes a contrition or dragging after the fallowings; which proves a confiderable improvement of ftiff Land. Thus may you fee how nature is improved by induftry only, and that but by treading in her own fteps; for Earth often trod on by Men or Bealls in the Streets or High-ways, is very much enriched by fuch expofure, and Earth defended from the Sun and Air, in like manner becomes fertile, although frpm different Caufes, the former
from202
Cfjc att of ®nrtiemng?. Book in.
from the volatile Nitre, and other influences in the Air, Rain and Snow, the latter from the condenlation of the Sfiritus Mundi, or nitrous breathings of the Earth, and both by reàfon that thole fertile qualities are not ex-haufted by Vegetation.
But as this latter Operation is more facile than the former; lo you cannot exped that it Ihould produce Effeds anfwerable to the other, which is very miich to be preferr’d by fiich that are curious; although this latter way may yield you a lufficient recompence for your labour, yet the former cannot but far tran-fcend it*
SECT. II.
Of federal ways of enriching Earth hy mixtures.
I T if without queftiofi that Earth or Mould is to be made more fertile than naturally it is, by mixing therewith feveral Materials that contain in them much of the vegkating Spirit, as the Afhes of any manner of burnt Vegi tables. For by fhch burning is wafted the more phlegmatick- and ufelefs moifture, and are fix’d the mor& ftjlid arid liibftantial parts: Thefame efted hath Fire on the Turf, or rooty furface of the Earth; this fmegma-tickor oyly matter that is left by the fire, in ' ‘ •	aBoGk hi. attof <$5attitfttn|p
d moderate proportion applyed tO aiiy Earth highly enricheth ity and makes it apt fbrfrU&i-ficatiori, as appeateth by the Vulgar Experp inentof Burn-beatihg of Land, (wteChyiddeth fo fair Crops of Wheat and other Grain. In which operation the Ruftick obferves, that over-burning the Turf is injurious, arid that a more moderate burning maketh the ground more fertile. The Reafon is plain t for in the burning of any VegWable, a gentfe, eafie* and fmothering Fire dbth not waft the volatile nitrous Spirit fo. much as a guide, but caufeth much more of it. to fit and reniairi behind.
Thefe fixed Salts that are thi& obtained, are the principal Salts that are fo muchrcelebrated for the improvements of Earth, to render ie more fruitful, although there are many other Salts near in affinity to thefe, that do in ibme degree meliorate Earth, as'the Salts "that; are in Blond, Urine, Soot} and feveral Other thrrigs of the hke nature^'by the mixture of chofe Materials With the Earthy or fprinkling it with them, whereby-the Rains ufually .cat1* ty down their Vertue to the Roots of your Plants? -
ThC’parts of Atifatia]s,ak Skim, 'Haiti Feathers, Pfefh and Bones, Horns,~Hocfsj &Ic, contain id them much1 of thefe) Vegetawrig’ 'Saltsy although Volatile, yatifl fuch compji& Bodies, they cofttihue! until ■ they are by y dm? Plants attracted,"as iriahy I^sbatfdmferi''h:ave‘ made Experiments, of the extraordinary Vertue that304
m)tQxt of	Book:m.
is in old Woollen Rags, in fertilizing Land for Corn, giving ten times the price for a load of them to lay on their Corn-ground, that, they will for a Load of Dung, and are yet great .gainers by it, and fetch them from near London into Hartfordjhire into the Bargain: Wool, . Hair and Feathers, are near of a nature, and therefore have near the fame eflfe&s.
' Fijh, and Bones of BeaJFs, Fkjh, &c. are generally known to add very much to the improvement of Land; but for Garden ufes, it will be more conducing to your purpofe, to let the fame be throughly putrified, and reduced to a moderate compoft with Earth before you apply it, for all naufeous and ill favoured Materials are to be excluded your Gardens, either for the Kitchin, or for Delight.
Horns, Hoofs, and Skins, contain in them much of a rich Volatile Salt; and it hath been anciently obferved, and in fiich Countries where naturally the ground is more replete With Nitre, and more fertile than here, that thefe materials have very much fertilized Garden-ground, efpecially for the Affaragus, that requires ftrong nourifhment; therefore the fhavings or odd pieces of Horn, and the lelfer Horns and the Hoofs, and other excremen-titious parts of Beafts, at the common Slaughter-homes may be obtain’d, to make your deep Beds for Affairagus, Artichoaks, and fuch like, and may not. be nnujieful in enriching your Ground for your ehpiceft Flowers. r;L )
TheiBook in cöc att of^attiemng,	205
i The ftireds of tann’d Leather, partaking as well of the Salt of the Oaken Bark and Lime,
:as of the Beaft, muft of neceflity prove a very great improver of your Gardenground, ana may be had in great quantities at the Shooe-I makers, where they ulually bum them. Thele lihreds foon rot, and with .Rags, Hoaff, Horns,
Hair, &c. mixed with a good quantity of Earth, and laid in a Pit, and fometimes wa-: tred, will make an excellent Compoft for your i Kitchin Garden, if afterwards dilpofedof in iproper Beds. ;
Take Sheeps Dung and put Water $o it, of shnp I (in fome Veflel) lo much as by ftirring may i reduce it to a Pap, and when it is all through-I ly diffolved, mix fome fine fifted Earth with tjfcl letr the Earth be four, five, or fix times imore in quantity than the Sheeps Dung, ac-) cording as the Earth is in goodnefs: If it be : a poor findy Earth, the more of the Sheeps i Dung it requires to enrich it; if it be a ftiff i Ground, the more it requires to make it light,
I but aii indifferent mellow Earth requires the ließ, for Sheeps Dung is one of the richeft of / Dungs,1 as, may be- obferved from the great t improvement that is made by Flocks of Sheep,
I being folded on the poor champion Lands,
■ where fuch Land yields much Corn, when i not Being lb improved it will yield but little,
. and this from one only, folding in leveral Months, or fometimes in a whole Year toge-! ther ; Deer and Goats Dung are much of the : lame nature with Sheeps Dung. The reafbn}q6	%$Z art <XT(telJ£llfo& Book ffit.il
of which extraordinary fertility in that -Soyl is i from itfce.;;well chewing the Food, the long ! ' continuance in the Body; and the. not.(or ’‘ but little:) jinking of the Beaft. For Sheep-:,s and Neat: chew the Cud, by which, means -* their Food is made fine, both thefe (andfot:1 do Deer and Qoats) iletain tlieir Meat longer ^ than Horfes or Swine, ;who feed more groflyp and haftily, the Dung of the one being like 3* whtfpsof Hay,of the other like a mixture of all! ► forts of Kith.) AHo Sheep and Deer drink but little, which make their Dung and their U- ■ rhae,{ which alio if very, rich could it be pre-t> v ferred ) very fertile. b :Ntat drink much, Which vepy mudi tempered* ;aml allayeth the heat -and • fertile nature oftthe Soyl. Earth; thus | mixed, with Sheeps. Dung diflhlved, is veryr excelknt for moft forts of Fibrous rooted Flow- m eriy becaufe the d®day of the Dung { which1' will be in time) leaves,the ground porous>; that the! Fibres thereby as well infinuate them- n felvesand fpread abipad, as they docontra<5t the richoefs the Bung affords thom s 'Tuberous : rooted: Bowers aHb affefS: r 'this mixture t Arti- i choaks delight in it 1 exceedingly,! and Cheeps1: Dung applied to the Roots of diem, and then :i often watred, whereby the Vertueof if mayy be coiyveyed intothetU, makes die Plant yield1-you! fair’ Fruit ymoft Garden-TiVLUg^ affed it,, For it; is not, only ad*ary rich Soyl,. but renders the .ground light and porous, which is. Yery advantagiou? .to Tillage.
k.Book in c&e act of ©ataatittg. 207
A mixture of JN/htf.* Dung after the fame Mats manner, is very good for moft of the fameDun£' ules, as is that of Sheeps Dung. And better in fome particular cafes, for that if you have occafion to remove or plant any good Flower in the Summer-time, or out qf its proper Sea-fbn, fuch a mixture of Earth and Neats Dung made into a liquid Pap, and the Tree or Flower placed in it, that the liquid matter may on--', compafs the Root, will lo adhere to it, arid be fo cool and moift, that it will caufe the Plant to thrive as well, as if it had been planted or removed in its proper feafon.
Horfe Dung whilft, new is the hotteft of^»rfe Dungs, laid in a great quantity together, byDltne' reafbn thataHorfe chews his Meat but little, feeds haftily, end evacuates it in a fhort time; fb that like chopt Straw or Hay, but beginning to ferment in the Belly of the Horfe, it continues fermenting after it isin the Dungbil; but if it be laid up with the . Litter that is ulually moiftned with the Urine of thd Horfe, and after it is throughly rotten;: which will be much the fboner if it lye in a moiffe place, or be often watred by Rain or by Hand, and turned withal, or caft, as the Husband-' man ulually terms it; it then makes an excel-; lent Compoft for your Kitchin Garden. - R -t
In your Swine-yard, or places where Swine ,^-,^ ufually tread or feed, the Earth is very much D«^. improved by their dunging and pifling, which trampled into ami mixt with the Earth, makes it become a very good Compoft, especially2o8 C6e act of ©amnutg* B6ok in.
' to allay that ranknels or over-freenels of lome very light and rich Soyls, that breed the Canker in Trees, and too many Worms and other :Verinin, and Infects that deftroy your choiceft Plants.: This Dung or Earth lo inriched, being a fat cooling Compoft, may be with liic-cefs ufed in bo A your Gardens.;'., but rather a-mongft your Fruit-Trees, where it excels.
AJftsDung. . Affes Dung is near of. the nature of Sheeps Dung, Deers Dung, &c. fpoken of before, although not altogether fo rich. r. . • - <
Pigeons : The Dung of all Corn-fed Eawlis very hot at the firft, elpecially that of . Pigeons, be-caufe they feed haftily, and evacuate the feme digefted in a Ihort time, and urine hot. So that their Drink is no more but only to digeft and nourilh, and not to carry away any . of theveftuebf the: Meaty .nor leflenjthd ftrength or fertility, of. the.'Dung. Experience hath' taught, the: Husbandman, that,in the Champion Countries, '.where: great (lore of Pigeons Dung is to he hady.the lame iown but thinly with Parley, makes a. poor.-Grohnd yield a good • Crop; for when but thinly fbwri, the Rain and Air. foon qualifie its:prelent heat, which: if it were laid- thick would bum the Corn, efpecially rat that feafon,.or elfe make it grow .too rankj ( which is as great a fault as! its being too fhorc.V. Therefore you may well conclude, that fthefe Dungs laid in a heap in the open Air, ind mpiftned by. the Rain, or other wile, .until, their heat is over, will make a moft rich Compoft :for .either Garden, but more Specially for your Kitchin Garden. IBook in.	}o9
I only here give you a Caution, not to ulè Mtltdujli Malt duft in your Garden for there are many Seeds of pernicious Weeds in it, that Have paf fed all the imbibitions, fermentations and ex-ficcations of the Malt, and yet retain their vegetating nature, and will furnifh you with new lpecies of Weeds out of the Fields, that your Garden before was not acquainted withal.
The fetlings of Waters where there is leaft Mud tj current, is the beft, but the Mud or refidence Ponds. of any Water, unlels it be over-much jandy, is excellent to qualifie the Nature of your Ground ; if your Ground be light, then ule ftiff Mud, if your Ground be ftiff or cold.* then ule light or fàndÿ refidences: Thefe mixtures are good for all forts of Garden-ground.
The Waitings of Streets or High-ways after Rain,. yield great ftore of Settling or Mud, that is very profitable for Garden-ground, e-fpecially the refidency of fuch Water that de-/cençls from Chalky Hills, applied to light Ground. The Mud in the bottom of Pools, wherein Horfes are ufually wajfhed, is alio very good if duely applied.
Any Allies brother matter whatsoever that Salts. (contains Salt is good/ lb that the quantity of the matter containing thé Salt, doth not too far exceed the Salt contained in it, as ulually Wood allies after they have been in the Wafh* houle, Soap-houlè, or ellewherej have the molt of their Salt extracted, and then applied to your Ground fterilizeth it, unlels it be to a ltrong Clay-ground, then it will make it lighter although not richer, P Thg21«
Mure.
Rotten
Wood.
Straw.
Tobacco.
3Df)€ act Of <$attietutt& Book lit.
. ' The Allies of any burnt Vegetables are excellent, as before we obferved ; a mixture of Lime is very, good in moft Grounds, but the Salt of Lime extracted by Water, and your Ground watred therewith, is much to be preferred. It hath alfo this fingular property, that it makes the Worms loon leave the place watred therewith, and expofe themlelves to the •Air jWhere they loon perifh, or to the Birds who devour them. . The lame effeft is wrought by any Alkdlizatte Salts, or Salts produced by •Fire. ’
The Murcx or refule after the prieffings of Cider and rotten Fruit, are very good to mix with yptir Earth,, but it muft be after it hath lain, a long time, in; lome pit or heap until it hath loft its favour^ and until the Seeds or Kernels are dead, left they germinate and in-.commode ydur Garden.
Any drexy, Wood, or the duft of the Wood-pile, but more Specially rotten Willow, is excellent to make the Earth light for moft -fibrops rooted Flowers.. The lame is Saw-duft, if it firft lye in a moift place until it be rotten, and hath its acidity abated or digefted.
Straw or any dry Vegetables become rotten and mix'd with Earth, maketh it light and fit for your choiceft Anemonies, and all Fibrous rooted Flowers-
Tobacco dryed or cur’d , and afterwards mix’d wjth your Garden-mou\A, will doubt-lefs exceedingly enrich it: For it is of a very high and ftrong nature, and containeth much
ofBook hi. dje of	zif
of a Volatile Nitrous Salt in it, and is reported to be equally as effectual in the tanning of Leather as the Bark of the Oak, which if it be true, as I have no reafon to doubt it, it may prove a confiderable improvement of many Country Farms, and of great benefit and advantage to the Nation in general, either of which ufes is better than that to which it is now ufually put unto.
SECT. I.
Of Waiting Gardens.
BEfides the mixture of feveral Materials Fat and CompoHs with Land to make iturs' fruitful, you may add enriched Waters, which lerve where you cannot conveniently change your ground, or remove your Plant, as in le-veral Flower-Trees, and Artichoaks, Aftaragtss, &C.
That Water is very good that is taken out of Handing Pools, where Cattel ufually relbrt to fhade or cool themfelves in hot. weather, and leave their Dung in it, which by the fiir-ring of _their feet enricheth the Water.; Ducks and Geefe alfo much improve Handing Pools where they frequent*
Several Waters may be prepared, in which you may fleep or macerate your Seeds or Pulle, to make them iprout the fooner, or come the P 2	fairer,212
%\) Z act Of	Book IIL
fairer, and with the lame Water may you irrigate your Ground: many Receipts there are to that end, I lhall only mention Ibme of them»
Take Sheeps Dung well diffolv’d in warm Water, and after it hath flood twelve hours, ftrain it through a coUrle Cloth with com-preflion, for it is lb (limy that it comes through with difficulty; therefore I fuppofe a decantation may lerve. To two or three Gallons of this Liquor add a handful of Bay-falt, and lomewhat a leffer proportion of Salt-peter, and let them both be diHolved in the former Water, which to expedite let it be made lukewarm, and ftirred often, in which Liquor let your Seeds lye for twenty four hours or more, -till they are throughly fwelled, Pulle need not to lye fo long; theit take out your Seeds or Pulle, and expofe them thinly on (ome Lloor to the Air, (not the Sun) until they he half dTy, then fow them. It is alio pre-lcribed that the remainder of the Sheeps Dung that was not made Liquid, Ihould be dryed and calcined, and the fix'd Salt extra&ed out of it, and added to the former compofition j hut it’s more probable that another parcel of ■Sheeps Dung calcined, would yield more and better Salt, than the remaining part of the diC lolved Dung. This latter part makes the pro-cels too difficult and troublefome, and adds but little to the vertue of it, any other fixed Salt having the lame effect as that fo hard to be obtained.
ThisBook m. Cfje att of ©atUenmg*
This Liquor is more effedual for the wa-tring of Plants, than it is for the maceration of Seeds, and fo are any other fait Waters. Some add a greater quantity of Salt-petre, and Bay-fait, fbme only Salt-petre, others ufe Pigeons Dung inftead of Sheeps Dung; alio. Lime-water after that manner enrich’d with Sheeps Dung, Pigeons Dung, or Neats Dung, is equal in Vertue, if not exceeding that, to which Salt peter or Bay-falt is added. Every Husbandman hath experimented the effed of Lime, the Salt only extracted by the Rains enriching the Earth occafioning fo plentiful a Crop, the other remaining part like a Ca-put Mortuim, only tempereth the Land for the future, and maketh it more fad where before it was too light, which if the Land did not require it,then doth Lime (after its fait is wafted) much injury to the Land whereon it is laid.
Nitre or Salt petre only, diffolv’d in Water, a pound to four or five Gallons, is held to be very effectual to enrich barren Mould. This agrees with our Obfervations about Earth covered with building, or otherwife defended from Sun and Rain, for the generation of Nitre.
• Some commend the fgrinkling of Milk anti Rain-water on the Beds, firft lifted over with Lime pulverifhed, whether by pounding or Hacking with water it mattereth not, (neither of which can improve or abate the vertue or quantity of its Salt, the thing we dcfire) and after every warring fifting more Lime. This ,	P ?	way3KI4	t£fje 3tt Of	Book III.
way may not be amift for fuch Lands, that the Caput Mortuum of the Lime remaining after the Salt is exta&ed, will not prejudice, and for fuch Plants that the Lime lying on the ground will not injure. The Milk may be left out, not fignifying fo much as the value of it amounts unto, the Liquor wherein Flefh Meats (whether frefh or fait) have been boy-led, is much better and eafier obtained. The Salt of Lime (extracted with water in fbme large wooden Veffel) containeth in it the fame improving Vertue, and is left troublefome to make ufe of, and free from the inconveniences that attend the other way.
Much more might be faid concerning thefe improving Liquids as well as Solids, but that Mr. Evtlitt. the tnoft learned and experienc’d of Rural or Hortulane Authors, hath lately been very copious on the fame fubjed.
Only I may here advife the unexperienced not to water his Plants in either Garden, with a cold Spring or Well-water, if he can obtain any other, which if he cannot, then to expofe this to the Sun or Air, fome time before he ufeth it, or enrich it by fbme pinguid mixtures, as Lime, Afhes, Dung, or fuch like, will quickly qualifie it for his purpofe, by abating the fiiaden coldneft of it to the Plant. For it . is a very great injury to moft tender Plants, to be diluted with cold Water from the Well or Spring, and check their growth exceedingly, «is mgy be obferved in a bleeding Vine, to the paked Roots of which if you pour ftore of cold ''	'''	1 '• • *	' SpringBook hi, cije of 0atOenutg:, 21 s
Spring or Well-water, it ftiddenly cheeks the alcenfion of the Sap, by means whereof the bleeding cealeth, and the Wound confolidates again, before the more liberal afcent of the Sap, much more then will it check the growth of a weak Herb or Flower.'
Alio as it is oblerved to low in tlie duff, whereby the Seeds gradually fwell from the cold Dews of the Night and Air, and are made ready to fprout with the next Rains, Xo it is not good to water new iown Seeds, until the long defe&of Jhowersinvite you to it, left you walh off the Earth from them before they have Iprouted, whereby they faften themielves the better to endure a watring : fome Seeds, as Radijh, Lettuce, GiUifiower-feed, &c. remain not long in the Earth, and therefore may in two or three days for want of Rain, be watred by hand ; but Tulip, Auricula, Rarfiej, Carrot-feed,
&c. lye longer in the ground, and require not fo fpeedy an irrigation.
All Seed ought to be watred by the fmalleft or rain-like drops as you can, and npt too much ; for hafty watring, and haftyftiQwcrs, dilcover them.
For mod Flowers and Plants whole.Leaves lie near the ground, it is beft to water them-at fome diftance, by making a Ring round the Plant a little hollow, and pouring- the W!ater into it, whereby you annoy not the^ Leaves with your decolouring Water, or chill them with the coldnefs of it;.	■ , ' ;
P 4	• In2*6 C6e art of ^attienmg. Book in.
Ill all Warm Weather the Evening is the beft feafon tp water in, becaufè the Water will have time tp fink into the Earth, and the Plant toattra&it before the heat of the Sun exhales it ; but in cold Weather, and when the Nights are cold, , the Morning is the moft proper time, that the jliperfluous moifture may be evaporated before the cold Night overtake you, and chill your plant.
By no means ufè Liquors, either naturally hot as Spirits, or artificially made fo by heating it over the Fire.
A Plant that delights in moifture, òr a drooping Plant, that you may ftjppofe Water will preferve, may be watred by filtration. Which is by placing an earthen Pot full of Water near the Plant, and putting therein thè end of a Lift of Woollen-cloth, the other end thereof to hang down on the outfide of the Pot to the ground, near the root of the Plant : by means Or which Lift, if it be thick enough, the Water will filtrate of idiftil over the brim of the Pot, through the Lift of Woollen, fo long as any Water is in reach of the Lift in the Pot, always obferving that the end of the Lift in the outfide of the Pot, be longer than that in the infide, and that thé Lift be thoroughly wet before you add it. The Reafons of this operation, which many Country Colona’s daily experiment, we will hot here difcourfe of.
IVatring of To water your Flower-pot, that the Water Tiàyptr- ' may the eafier defcend to the bottom, and P?s' throughout the whole Pot, you may before
Î.;; - ,	: ..H	;	’ '• yOl^Book in çfle att of &amiifn&
you fill it with Earth,place in it a Pipe of Lead,
Latton, or fuch like,, Clofe at the bottom,.with' divers holes at the fides Of dt, let the Pipé extend in height to the top of the Pot, and when the Pot is fall of Earth, ahd planted with Flowers, and that you cannot conveniently other*" wife water it, then with a Funnel fill the Pipe with Water, and reiterate your filling of if, until you think there is enough, and by the holes On the fides of the Pipe, the Water will nwiften the whole Pot of Earth. The Water you ufe here ought to be meliorated by iome of the former ways : For Earth thus feparated from the Ground, is more apt to decay than that which is remaining on its natural Foanda* tion, which continually receives an improve* ment, by perfpiration of the vegetating (pint.
There are lèverai forts of Watring-pots in String, u(è for Gardens, the moft ufeful is the common $ots‘ Watring-pot made of dnn’d Plate or Latton ; the note or end of the Spout, whereof, is co* vered with a Cover, wherein are many (mall perforations, that the Water may force through in (mall (beams, and befprinkle your Plants or Seeds like unto Rain. This Cover is made to take off and on, to cleanle, at pleafure.
There is another fort of Watring-pot that hath a (mall hole at the bottom, and another at the top, fo that when you fink it into a Velîèl of Water, it will fill by the lower Pipe or hole , the- Air paffing out at the hole at the top where the handle is alfo : when it is
full*i8	%\)t art of Mitf! Book hi.
fall take it by the handle, and ftop the hole with your thumb, and when you come to the Plant you intend to water, you may eafe the hole whereon your thumb lies, and as you pleafe let the Water out at the Pipe in the bottom ; for as the Air comes in at the top, the Water will ilfue out at the bottom, and lo may you ftop it, and open it with your thumb at your pleafure ; with this Pot you may eafily let the Water down on your Plants that can bear with a walking ftiower.
You may water any ground by the fir ft fort of Watring-pot, with any enriched or thick Water, if you take off the Cover of the Pipe, and convey the fame Water about the roots of any Plants without fouling the Leaves or Flowers.
Alio you may have a fmall Engine made like one of the Engines for the raifing of Water to extinguilh Fire withal, and place it in a Frame to drive to and fro about your Garden ; you may fill it with Water, and the Spout or Pipe with a perforated Cover, like unto the common Watring-pots (but not lb broad as to fpread the Water fo much) with this Engine may you imitate Rain over any of your J3eds at a diftance, and walh your Wall-trees from Vermine, and refrelh them at your pleafure.
To prefervt Any of thele Watring-pots may be prefer-; your Wa- ved for many years from Ruft, (to which they tring-pots. are very aptj by painting them over with Lin-feed Oyl and Red Lead.
SECT.Book in. %\)t act of «SfaiHeninff,
219
:	SECT. IV.
Of making Hot Beds.
1 T is evident to all, that moft Plants do na-X turally obferve the feafon of the year in their germination, growth, and maturation ; and although they are removed into another Climate, yet do they incline to the oblervati-pn of the fame time as they did in their own former natural place of their growth, as the Verfian IrtSy American Strawberryt and lèverai others, which make them the more acceptable as they come earlier or later than others of the fame kind. So is it with many other Flowers, Fruits, or Herbs : for we annually obferve how acceptable a Dilh of early Peale is over what they are when later and common j and fb are AJparaPus, Cucumber/, Melons, &c. •
The growth of moft Plants is quickned by a warm pofition, asunder a warm Fence or Wall, and by an artificial heat, as by being planted againft a place where Fire is ufually kept, or by watring them with Waters impregnated by hot Dungs, which will very much accelerate germination.
If you would have Herbs to fprout imme- ro ra^e d diately, then lay a Bed of unflak’d Lime pow- sallnd in dered, with a mixture of Allies, if you pleafè,/^ hms; pr without $ on that a Lay of hot Dpng,_ and
on220
COc Set of <$atnem'niy* Book m.
on that another Lay of Lime, and then on that a Lay of fine rich Mould, wherein low your Seeds, & Lettuce, Purjlain, Corn Sallad, Tarjley, &c. firft fteep’d in White-wine, or fome of the former prepared Waters, and water them, when lown, with lome of the lame richeft Waters, and they will fuddenly appear above ground, and as you water them io will they prolper. This Ihould be done within doors, left the coldnels of: the Air Ihould impede their growth, the often watring them facilitates their nourilhment.
But thè hot Beds that are moft uleful, and whereon you are to ralle your tender Exoticks, and your early Flowers ; and alio to raile and bring forward your Melons, Cucumbers, Cauly-jlowers, &c. is ufually made in February or March, and after leverai manners.
Some prelcribe the making of it, by laying of hot Stable-dung that hath lain in a heap, mixing the neweft with the old, and laying it about four foot broad, the better to preferve its warmth, three, four, or five foot high, and as long as you have occafion or materials. This Bed well trod (to excite the heat) is to be covered about four inches thick with very fine rich Mould, the top and Tides of the Bed being firft edged round with Board or Bands of twilled Hay or Straw, to keep up the Mould, and keep in the heat : thus muft it lie until it hath pafftd its greateft heat, which you may prove by your finger, for it ought to be but warm, not hot. In calè its heat leffeneth at
any221
Book in Cf)e art of ®atOem'n&
any time, you may encreafe it by applying new Dung to the fides of your Bed, on this may you (ow your Seeds.
There muit be fbme Frame arch-wife, or fiat, over this hot Bed, that a covering of Mats or Straw Hurdles may be fpread over it every Night and in cold days: make your covering io that it may as well keep out the Rain and Snow as the Wind.
But the beft defcriptionof a hot Bed, is that of Mr. Evelin in his late PhilofophicalDifcourfe of Earth, to this efle& J Dig a Pit about four foot deep, of breadth and length as your oc-cafions require j wall this Pit on every fide with Brick, or ere& your Wall above the ground, or part above, and part under; then fill it with hot Dung from the Stable, and tread it well. In this place wooden Gafes of about a foot in depth bored full of awger-holes at the bottom ; fill them with Earth rich and light, and add hot Dung between them ; in which Gafes fbw your Seeds, and thefe Cafes and the Earth in them will be kept warm by this means during the whole Sealbn wherein a hot Bed is neceflary. You may provide a fhel-ter againft Rain and Cold over the whole, if you pleafe, and you may have Frames of Glafs over feme of your infide Gafes where there is moft need, others you may leave open as your Seeds require. By this means have you your Pit and Cafes every year ready to your hand, requiring only a fupply of frefti Dung.
<■
SECT.112
Clje 2U*t of ^attfeiung* Book in.
SECT. V.
0/ Mifcellaneous Experiments.
THE often removing of Flowers in their m	proper Seafon preferves their Colours, e-
Vknts- fpecially their variegations; for long (landing in one Soyl caufes any Plant to degenerate; partly , becaufe the Plant hath exhaufted the proper nourifliment for it, out of that place where it hath flood fo long, and partly becaufe the Soyl is apt to change the nature of the Plant, being exotick to it3 as isufually obfer-ved in Beans, Wheats &c. (own on the fame fort of Land, although not on the fame parcel, is apt to degenerate. Therefore removing of Plants, and alteration of the Soil is a good way to improve them, feveral Efculents grow the fairer, as Cabbages will not loave well in cafe the young Plants be not three or four times removed before the Spring. The fame is obferved in Lettuce, and feveral others. If they are removed into improved'Earth every time, they will eat more tender and better. Flowers are more in efleem when they come To ma\e early, than when they come late: to make Plants them early the means are generally known, cone late, but the retarding of their flowring, often removing and preventing the ufual excitements of the Sun and Air, will effed; for the di-
flurb-Book m. c&e &tt of ^at&em'ttg. ^
fturbing the Roots in the removal is a great hindrance to their attraction of nourishment, and it will be lèverai days after the removal before new Fibres will moot forth to gather new nourishment : and the Handing of a Plant prevents the digeftion of the Sap by the heat of the Sun and Air. This is of great ufe in retarding the flowring of lèverai Flowers, and alio the growth of lèverai Elculents, as Caulj-flowers, &C.
It is ulual to defend lèverai tender Plants plants to from the Cold in the Winter to prelèrve them, defend from and to expolè them to the Sun in luch Win»Coiei ani ter days that prove clear, which expofure in*Sun’ jureth the Plant more than the Cold. For the Sun-beams in frofty Weather, efpecially if there be Snow on the ground, makes a Plant faint and Tick. As is obferved in the Laurel, which if it grow againft a North Wall, or in the Shade, although open to thelèvereft Winds, yet retains its green Colour all the Winter ; but if it Hand in the Sun, it changeth yellow, only from that caulè. The lame is oblèrved of lèverai tender Plants that are uliially Ihel-tred from the Winds, and expoled to the Sun, yet it is not improper to give Plants Air, and alio Sun, in mild Weather, at any time of the Winter, which cannot hurt them.
The cutting off of the Buds and Branches often eut-of Flowers, leaving only one, or two, or more, tin& °f as the ftrength of the root will bear, caulèth it vlMts‘ to yield the fairer Flowers than otherwilè it would do : after the lame manner if Herbs ba ’	'	often224	ffi)e- Rti of #atBenf itfr Book HI
often cup, they gather the more ftrength, yield the fairer -teaf, and take better root/, and en-dnr^rthe; Winter the better. The caufe is, <h^,^he;Sap hath le£s to nourifh, and that -whiiph is qourilhed muft therefore be theftron-ger; and the lefs f hp Sap is expended above, the piore ftrengthenSj.the root in the ground, as may b,e obferved in njoft Trees that arelop-.ped. And then do they afterwards iiliie forth the faireft Branches; feme Plants ufually pe-xiftrin the Winter for want of being cut in the Summer precedent,- and from the fame caufe, as Wall-flowers, Thyme, Marjoram, &c.
Plants to Some Plants are too apt to wafte their Sap continue in f lowers, and thereby fhorten their lives, as long. Gillyflowers , Stock-Gill)'flowers, and feme o-tbers, which if their blowing flioots were nipt off, they would gather ftrength and'continue longer, for the waftp of the Sap, overmuch, makes the Plant t/eftfe, and uncapable of enduring any fevprijty of Winter or Summer, as is fbmetimes obferved :in young fruit-trees, that they bloffom themfelves to death 5 and fome I have known tp grow themfelves to death ^ fpi\ the freer the Sap is in expending it (elf in Branch and Bloftbm, the more tender is the Root, which, .becomes :a prey to the Worm and Canker, as dpth the Branch to the . feyere Air. The way to prevent which, is prescribed in the l.aft mentioned Experiment. TovitlioIt is obferved that all Herbs wax lweeter,-ratt Plants both.in fmeli and tafte, if after often cutting . you take, the latter Sprouts, becaufe the Sap is 1	/	the •Book lit Cfje 3trt of @ai*ticmnff. Hi
the longer digefted, and the root the ft ronger.’
The fame is obferved of Efculents,. the young Buds or Sprouts of old Roots eat more tdrider than the firft Cuttings.
My Lord Bacon feem'd to approve'of the 6- Onioni pinion that Onions wax greater, if they be ta- Urge. ken out of the Earth, and laid a drying twenty days, and then fet again. ; And the more,-if the outmoft Pill be taken off all dyer, but-mentions not at what tirné Of its growth this is! beft to be done ; however it is a fufficierit eri-couragement for Gardeners to take up the Onu-ons, where they cafually come up too thick, and plant them in thinner places. Several Plants are fo removed, as Turnip, Lettuce, &c. and are the fairer j therefore this Observation may beofufè.
Sift Afhes, or Quick-limé beaten fmall, a- j^ prlferv^ bout any Plant, and it will preferveit from Plant sfrom. Snails dr Worms, by reafoft their naked	ar*
dies cannot endure the fhatpnefs df the'Salt- of"®rw;* the Afhes dr Lime. So if you water the ground With the Water wherein Lime or Afhes have; been fteeped, the Worms will foon leave thef ground, where the Water gets into their holes, from'the-fame caufe. You may alfd in a Summer Evening (after Rain) with a Candle draw the Worms as they lie on the ground, and put them in a Pail, and difpôfè of them as you think fit ; but you mu ft tread foft, for the leaft motion Of the ground maketh them retire into the ground. Thus in two or three1 moift Evenings may y oil clear à whole Border
QL226 dje att&f ®at*ieufo& Bortja df the greater Worths which are moil ,hurt-ful.
Snails and Worlds are all of them of an Her-maphroditical natufe, and are all Breeders, and when they couple are eafily deftroyed, e-Specially the Snails who couple .from the Spring until Midfummer [and after. Apd lay their Eggs in the ground, you will find them with their Bodies buried J the warm duft, and only their Shells above the ground j .when you take them out, you muft rake oujt their Eggs and dpftroy them, jfor ocherwife they, will lye there juntil they haye, length to travph and then, iome in the lame year, other? in the Spring/ollowing, yqu w;ill .have them difper-ied amongft yo,ur tender Plants, and your Wall-trees, where after a ihoweryqu may pick them off
Ta know If vou doubt of the goodnefs of your Seeds, gaad Seeds, take iome of them and put them in fair Water, and let them in a gentle heat twenty four, hours, and if they are good they will fprout, elfe not. Alio you may walh your Seeds in Water, and the dead and light will fwim, and the gqod and heavy will fink ; but they muft be all throughly immerged, elfe you may be deceived.
To defend Secure the Root as well as you can from the Plants Froft; for if you defend that, the Branch fellow Fran, dom fuffers, but if the Root be not fecured, although the Branch be never fo well defended, it will periih. Therefore earth up the Roots as well as you can, and place any ordinaryBook in. Cijeanor^attaMng;* <*m
dinary defence about die fides of the Plant, and no Froft will hurt it 3 (unleß it "be your tender Plants that are for the Conferiràtory)
Thus may Gilly-flowers, Wall-flowers, Stock-Gfl-ly-flowers, Articboaks, &c. be preferred.
Some Plants, if the Roots ftand dry, the Set tinder Frofts rarely hurt them ; which If ihoift,' theyriinflilij, are ufually deftroyed, äs Refeikary, Sàge^ Wallflowers, See. Either of thefe will grow on a Wall, and endure the fbvereft Colds, but if they ftand in a moift ground, although thè Branches be never fo well defended, they are apt to be deftroyed With great Frofts. Thè caule is, that Water or moifture ftagnafing a-bout any Plant, and a Froft following, is apt to mortifie it, when a Froft lhall fcarce injure a dry Plaht. It is the fame with young àtid tender Fruits, a frofty night after a wet day deftroys more Fruits, than ten dry Frofts Cari do.
If you lay Saw- duft about äriy Plant, it will To defend defend it from the biifìè Ants, Who cannotèa-7««»' Pla”ts lily paß over the Saw-duft, be’caufe it h fitiall/row AnU' and loofe under them, that they cannot haVè any jure footing, and lo by thät means are forced to fteer their courfe another Way.“ Thus'	v
may you defend yoür Wall-trees from Ants, by , laying Saw-duft about the Roots of them.
Some anoint the ftems of their Trees with Tar, to prevent the Ants from alcending them, but then it is beft to bind Paper about the ftems,1 and anoint the Paper, for Tar is apt to injure the Bark of your Tree.
Q.*	Alfo228 Cfje 8tjt of	Book in.
Alio you may bind about the Hem of the Tree, Wool about four fingers breadth, which "will puzzle the Ants to find a way over, or through it; be fure to leave the Wool rough, that they may not find a way over die thrcds „ .you bind it withal. t _
'	of your Flower-trees will in fbme
Prd*'	forts of Land, by long Handing, become moffy,
which not only defaceth but very much in-■jureth the Tree, and it is a fign the Tree di-flikes the ground it Hands in. To prevent the growing of it, and the encreafing of it whilH it is yet but newly infeded, you muH remove your-Tree into better ground more natural to it, or in cafe you are; willing to have it Hand in the fame place where now it is, then you muff take it up,, apd; alter the ground, and enrich it as it ought to be, and then you may replant the Tree in the fame place.. And as the Tree thrives and encreafeth in fhoots, fo the Mofs will decline, the Sap being waffed and expended more liberally another way, > . • But if the Mofs hath long continued on the Tree, your beff wayfis after Kain that the Mofs Be wet and will eafily come off, to (crape it off with a Knife of Bone or Wood, for in dry Weather it will not come off well,; Mofingmt -- Mofs is a very great annoyance to Trees, toTriulnd^ to the ground it.felf, and is a manifeff Grmd. fign of a defed of the more nourifhingJuyce that is in fruitful Plants or Soyl j it is a fpon-taneous excrefoence, as many other Vegetables are, which made the learned Philofo-
pherBook ni. ©gt Strt of ^at&ettinff* 229
pher Van Helmont fay, that its Seed diftilled from the Heavens, which is no more than if he fhould have laid, that it proceeded from the natural inclination of the matter on which it grew, animated by the Gceleftial Influences, which gave it Life, but the matter on which it grew gave it form, it varying according to the diverfity of the matter, from whence it receives its nourifliment; fome Mofs being hard, fome (oft, fome white, others green.
There is alfo fweet Mofs that grows on Apple-Trees, and Poplar-Trees, and the Mols of the Larix-Tree is fweet in the burning. And although all thefe Mofles are mere excrefcenfes, yet do they bear Seed and encreafe, as hath lately been difcovered by a learned Vertuofl,#^ who by the help of a Microfcope hath obfer-ved the Seed Cods or Seed Veflels of Mols to contain Seeds in them no lefs wonderful for the greatnefs of number than the fmalnefs of hulk, which Seed Veflels when ripe, he pre£ fing them pretty hard, found that there was a fmall dull went out of them, which feemed to vanifli into the Air: prefling and fqueezing o-thers of them upon a black plate, and examining the powder with a Microfcope, he found it to be a great heap of exceeding fmall Seeds, globular and pretty tranfparent, ninety thou-fand whereof extended, in length take up no more room than the length of one Angle Barley-corn, or a quarter of an Inch: and twelve millions of the fame Seeds laid quadrangularly, cover no more of a ftrperflciesthan one fquare Q^3	Inch.230	Cïje m Of	Book I».
Inch. And 1582400000 weighing only* one gcain. Eighty of thektuperficies of Seeds make biat the tbicknefs of a pieee.offine Paper,fo that they be laid in a trigonal order, as moft round bpdies; ufually place themfelves, that is, the round part of the Seed bearing on the concave diftancë, between the Seeds in the neather laying. For the truth of which Obfèrvations apd Narration, the. lame Author appeals to your own fenfe and reafbn, in cafe you make ufè of. thofe Artificial Helps he hath for that purpofe. But his* Conclufion is fbmewhat doubtful, that thefe Seeds being thus finally may be carried in the Air from place to place, even to the tops of the higheft Towers, or places remote, and be there (own, from whence he fiippofeth proceeds- the growth of Mofs, and doth not confider that thefe Seeds being globular and tranfparent, ( an Argument of their fblidity and weightinefs) are as unca-pabfo of being drawn up into-the. Air, and carried far, as the Seeds of Pea[e3 Radijh, Pur-fain? Thyme, Marjoram, &c. For- their fmal-nefs is rather an impediment to their Tran-fportation than a help, and we find that fuch Seeds that have a Down or Hair with them, are more ufually carried away with the moving Air, as thofe of Tbiflles3 Lettuce, Carrots, &c. than thofe that are. more fblid and naked. Nor needeth there any fuch help as that of Seed, to beget Mois, for it may as well naturally proceed from any place prone for it, as Plants of greater bulk, it being not unufual forBook in; %\)i act of	n1
Oak , Beech, Holly, Birch, arid flieh like', fa grow plentifully out of the* ground, where o-ther Trees of another kind1 have been lately felled from' a' naturalinclination of thé' Earth, and not from Seeds brought thither* by th^
Air; the Seeds of Oak, Beedh, and Holly, being too big for that purpofè. The fame may be oblerved in ground* inclinable to Broom, which being throughly eradicated and taken? away, and the ground plowed, lowti and1 cleanlèd for lèverai Years; yet laid up fòt2 lometimewillnaturally yield Broom : yetthofe*
Seeds uncapable of being carried in the Air:;
Allò if that- be‘true, that all: Plants are proem Evelina red of Seed; ic may be qneftiòn'd howfb great1phil°-a quantity' of the Eryfimum or Ino Ihould be^^. ft)wn in the Ruines, after the late great Conflagration in London, where it was oblerved; that more of it grew there, than Was known’ to be in all Europe befides. This plentiful en-creale of this Plant, which is not a denizen in England, and oblerved not to grow plentifully any where but at Naples; and that in the time of Fabius Colonna, could not well be produced* of Seed, unlèfs you will imagine that the Seeds1 of moft’Plants pals with the Air over Sea' antP Land : But the great variety of IpOntanedus' productions of the Earth' in different years, different fealons, and different Ways of tilling1 the Earth, and its various Generations alio of InleCts arid finali Animals, ( although thefé' allò may be railed of Seed and by propagation) is enough to convince the Intelligent,that MoS;
0^4	may?$?	%\)t an of ^rt^dTfnjfr Cook in.
may be a natural Spontaneous produdion qr excrefcence out of Trees, Plants, Soyl, or any thing elle capable to bear it, and that it may be occafioned by the defed of a liberal èxpence of the Sap or Juyces another way. Mohs to Befides the ordinary ways of killing Moles dtllroy- \vich Traps, you may in the Spring of the year, when they are moft bufie and in their Work, caft . them alive out with a Paddle-ftaff made for that purpofe, by Banding very Bill wfiilB they work, for the leaft motion of the ground difturbs them, they having the want of their light luppiied in their hearing and feeling. They do much mifchief in a Gar detti and the jetting of Traps or digging them out doth al-fo prejudice your Garden ; therefore the beft way is, as loon as you perceive that they have made way into your Gar den, and that they are retired ( as in the latter part of the day they ufually do) into the adjacent grounds where they lye more quiet and out of fear, open their common paftages, and finoak them well with Brinatone, Rofin, Pitch, or fuch like combuftible matter, with Onions, Garlicky or fuch like mixed with it, and dole up the holes or paflages. ‘This will deter them from ypur Garden, as I huvetryed, and make them take tb fonie other place, or you may take a dead Jftole and lay it in the haunt, and that will operate the fame effect
To prevent the encreafès of Caterpillars, Slythm; where you find any of their Packets which -	* ’ adhere to the Twigs of Trees, in winch they
- "	- layBook in c&e &tt of ®ammn$.	233
lay their Eggs all the Winter, (as Silk Worms do in their Bags) take them offand burn them, for the approaching Sun in the Spring gives life to thole pernicious Animals who multiply exceedingly.
But if the Year be dry and prone to the generation of Infects, thefe Vermine are apt to be bred in abundance on Cabbages, Cauliflowers,
&c. which to prevent, there is nothing (b effectual as watring, for in dripping Years they are not fb apt to breed as in dry.
To deftroy Caterpillars on Trees, it is (aid, Art ingtnU that if you make a Ring of Tar towards theous ta bottom of your Tree, then hang a bag full of^ajr Vifmires on the Tree, that they may eafily get out, and when they cannot get down by rea-(on of the Tar, rather than they will ftarve for hunger, they will eat up all the Caterpillars: which if true, it is like the falling upon Scylla to avoid Charybdis.
Several forts of Flowers are apt to turn Running white by long Handing, or removing into bad Colours. ground, as red and purple Trimrofes, Blew Violets, Sweet Williams, Gilliflowers, &£. which proceedeth from (carcity of nourifhment, there requiring good nourifhment to maintain the dark Colours; as in Tulips, the bed and lighted Colours are preferved by the more barren Earth, when a rich Soil turneth them to a plain darjk Colour. But always obferve, that change of Soyl preferves variety of Colours,. lo that it be to the degrees of fatter or leaner, as you would have your Flowers incline to, darker or lighter Colours.	ItCftc ztt m êmmmç. boor hi.
Cf the va- It is obleiyed that' there is more of white HHHHHI any other Colour in Flowers^ and Flown.	§reeni diat being: the general1 Colour,
although1 in different Ihadës, of all leaves of Plants, except lome few Rarities that are red-or white leaved, asred&jg?, white Marjoram, Amaranphus, and1 lome variegated- Plants/ Tn Flowers from white tliere are alllbrtsof lhades, to1 the- yellow, leaflet?, and deeped red, and' to the sky-colour and1 deepeft blèw, with variety of mixtures : It is' very rare to lee a Plant green, yet there are fuch, as the Rofe "Plantain^ being only aTuft of green Leaves, and* the: green Primrofi hath- perfectly green Leaves in form of a- Flower, but* mix’d with purple or white Leaves» The common Parrot Tulip hath a mixture of green in the Flower, but' it lèéms to be an imperfe&ion in it,- yet it conftantly blofloms alike. Black is notunulual-» ly found in the bottoms of Tulips and Anemones } but no Flower is known to have a black Leaf, lave only the Bull Iris.
0f Sympa-	There is a lympathy and antipathy in Plants.
thy and And many fabulous traditions there are con-ft Wants’ cern*n§ them: but this is certainly oblerved,
J * thar lome Trees will1 not thrive' under the lhadeor drip of another, astlledrip of a Walnut-Tree, and of a Cherry-Tree, are injurious to other Trees, becaulethe Leaf is bitter, and the drip deftroyeth liieh Trees or Plants that are under it. Thelikedoth the drip oftheLeavesofthe AHichoaky and of Htmp, which deftroyeth all other Vegetables near it, thole grounds beingBook he -E&e 3tt of free from Weeds, where they grow, from that caufe. Some Planes, wilt nor thrive near o-thers, becaule. they dfaw alike nouriihment, and lb rob or deprive one another, as Strawberries and E'lowei's with Fibrous Roots,- will* not thrive together ; but Plhnts that draw contrary nourimmenr,, will- profper very well near together, as: Rue andl Lettuce, together, Onions and Savory, or Lettuce, orPurJlain, will grow very near and kindly together.
There are. very; lirange Natures ira feveraP Plants, that are not by every one' ©bferved, Veretptm which is> x kind of preceprioa in themt, tend-w Plants. ing chemfelwes to that which nouriiheth and* preferv.es them,andielehewingandavoidingthat:
which.injureththenk hsuCucumberis©bferved to grow towards Water, more than otherwife it would do in cafe no-Water were placed near’ it: We may conftantlwobfei^-the natural‘inclination of the Hofi the French Bean, Or Kid-’ ney Bern, and-the- Peripioca± ta a PoIe or StieU, and how they twift about them;, and how ill1 they thrive without liich Helps. It i& certain4 that they have fbmer perception offudiPole, for you Iball eafily preceive their tender Bbds-to bend towards it, and at the leaft touch of it to twift about it. After the lame manner doth the Indian JaJJemine or Mexican Creeper, and the Ivy, tend towards a Wall or Tree, and adhere to it, with love and delight. Several Fruit-Trees alio will flourilh better againft a Wall than fingle, not becaufe of the warmth or fupport only, but their affection
to2$6	€$e $xt of ^acUenfnff* Book B.
to a Wall; as the Curran-Tree will grow much fairer and bear better Fruit againft a Wall than any other way lupported, although on the North-fide of a Wall $ the like is ob* lerved of feme other. Fruits, as Vlumbs, Fiber Js, &c. The Roots of fome Trees will run far towards any rich, fat, or moift place, it exciting luch Roots which have a natural perception, which way the beft nourifhment is to be obtained. Several Plants willalfo avoid that which they delight not in, as raoft Trees yield or recede from others that fiiade them, and many Plants planted near a Wall or other Fence, decline it, and lean towards the more open Air, be it towards what Coaft it will. The turning of a Flower towards the Sun, or opening when the Sun appears, may be cauled from the warmth it receives from it, and the bloffoming of the greater Convolvulus in the Evening, may be caufed from cool moift Air at that time, the Flower being lo tender, that it withereth at the next approach of the . Sun. But the inclination of a Plant to, and averfion from any thing, muft be caufed from a perception in that Plant, of that in which it delights, or which it abhors.
Sea-Book hl Cöe act of ©at&entng.
*17
Seafons of Sowing.
THE Seeds of fome Plants profper beft when fown as foon as they are ripe, as of Auriculae's, Tulips, Anemones, &c. Others if fown before the Winter, as Kernels of Fruits. But moft of the tender Seeds muft be kept till the Spring, as the Seeds of Melons, Cucumbers, Radipies, Gilliflowers, &c. It is obferved that the Seeds of Angelica falling of it felf, or care-lefly fown, when it is firft ripe thrives well, which if kept and fown in the Spring, with care as other Seeds ufiially are, never grows 5 the reafon may be,that it being a hot Seed, its vegetative Vertue may be expended by lying ' in dry or warm places, when otherways being in the Earth it may be preferved till it fprouts, which is ufiially the next Rain; Walnuts, Filler dst Zee. if planted before Winter, makefome progrefs in their timely fhoots, but are fiibjed: to receive injury from fharp Frofts, and Vermin, which to prevent, they may be kept in Sand in fome cold or damp place, till the fo-verity of the Cold be over: The fame method may be ufed in the preferving feveral o-ther Seeds that are either apt to decay before the Spring, or fubjed to be devoured by Vermin.
Some plants thrive beft, being removed from the places where firft fown, as Cole-worts.
Cabbages,*58	£$e att of ®atfcemn£* Book hi.
Cabbages, Lettuce, Skirrets, and fo of Flowers, ■as the GiUiflower, Stock-Gilliflower, Auricula, Anemone, &c. Others like not to be removed, as Carrots, Onions, Radtfl), and of Flowers, Poppyes, Larkes Heads, Lupines, and leveralo-ther Annual Flowers which tnuft (if at all) be removed with care.
Cfttrpil- The Seeds of Cabbages, or Cauliflowers fown Ursto in August, or fo early, that they may be prevent* traniplanied and well rooted before Winter; filch Cabbages or Cauliflowers are not fo fubjecffc to Caterpillars, as thole that are fown late before Winter or in the Springy the reafon may be, that thole fown later being more young and tender, are more apt to breed thole Vermin 5 or at leaft, are more eafily devoured by them.
in what As it is laid by Husbandmen, lowWheat t0 in the Dirt, and Barley in the Dull, lb may 0 ' we lay of Garden-feeds,, fiich that are fown in Autumn, as Wheat dually is, may belbwnin moift Earth, a day or two or three after Rain, the Seeds will fprout the fooner, and be the better confirmed before Winter, but if fown in the Spring, it is certainly thebeft way to fow molt forts of Garden-fee.ds as well as Barley in the dry eft lesions, as Onions, Carrots, Peafe, Parfley, Thyme, &c. and moft Flower-feeds, which being well covered, wiU by the coldnefs and moifture of the Earth, Iwell and be ready to come up the next Ihower: but if they are fown in moift Weather, or foon after a Rain in moift Ground, they are apt Ipeedily to
Ihoot.Book hi. %\)z -get of
flioor. And-in cafe dry Weather either from the Wind or Sun, which is not unufeal in the Spring, 'happen whilft the Seeds are in 'tiheh:
Milk or beginning to afpire; it certainly Jdtfc fuch of them that are not very well covered or defended, and then is the Seed blamed, as though the feme were naught, which if Ibwn in the Duft, and a Ihower -happen in three or four days alter, .thofe Seeds [though never fe meanjy »covered, rarely fail : Only here you. may take notice, that fech Seeds that are apt to be devoured by Birds, as thofe of Cabbages,
Turnips, Ratifies, &c. if they belong before a fhower come, or be watred by hand, , have need of feme defence from their devoured Many ferts of Trees and Flowers naturally °f \ afford OfF-fets or Suckers from their Roots, fey	0*?
which their kinds are propagated; feme there pts or are that afford them very plentifully, even to Surfers. excels, as the Dwarf Almond, Hypericum Fru-tex, and feveral others; and feme there are that rarely yield any, as the MezurionfAlthea,
Fruticofa, ,&c. It is,therefore worthy of know-5 i ledge to underftand,how.to caufe Trees that will ; not naturally afford fech OfF-fets, to emit them from their Roots, the way prefcribed is thus:-! Make bare the Roots of the plant of woody ! fubftance, and then make an incifion on the ' upper fide of the naked Root, as you doon the f under fide of a Branch which you intend to [ lay, make the incifion from the Tree down-! wards, and put a fmall ftone or flick under i the Lip, to keep the Cleft open, then ewer-*4* Clje act ôf ^actienfiiff. Book iil
the Root over about three Inches with good Mould, and as the Lip in a Branch that is laid, will fetid forth Fibrous Roots, fo will this ( as ingenious Planters affirm ) fend forth Branches, "which with the Root out of which it fp rings, may be tranlplanted fecurely.
6f prop*- i Sonle Plants there are, which are propaga-gpUnts °i or encrea^^ by Guttings, as moft forts of Cuttings* Garden-PÏQïbs, and forhe Trees, as Evergreen Privett, JajJ'emines, Laurel, Woodbine, &c. and fome Flowers, as Wall-Flowers, Periwinkles, Sec:
• The beft time for encreafing Herbs and tender Plants by this way, is m the Spring, and from that time till the Autumn, only obforvCj that if you fet any flips or cuttings in hot or dry l Weather,you muft be careful to water and fliade ; v;thèm; but woody Plants that bear Leaves'
, fhould be fljpt or cut, and planted ibme time before.they begin to ffioot, as the Woodbine in thé Autumn, and Jajfemines, LdUrels, See. Inf the Spring, Plants propagated this way emit their Fibrous Roots at a joynt ; therefore it is’ beft to cut them off juft at, or below a joynt, and they will take Root the fooner, for fo much iWood beyond the place of Rooting, if apt to rot arid hinder the young Fibres. :
Of Propi- y If your Tree be fb high and ftubborn, that gation by its Branches will notftoop to the ground, then ■ convenient to raife the Earth to the 110 ' Branch you intend to propagate, hut firft take off the Bark of the Sprigs or Branch as near asuyou can to the ftem of the Tree, for the better fupporting the weight of the Earth : If
youBook hi. %i)t grt of wRjX&bfH	241
if you cannot conveniently place it lo near the Trunk of the Tree, you may fapport it withlbme Stake or the like, then take a Box, Basket, old Hat,
Boot, or the like, and place it lo, that the Branch may go through the middle of it, and that the diG barked or cut place may be alio in the middle, then prick the Bark on the upperfide of the Cut with an Awl or fuch like Tool, to caufe the Branch more eafily to emit its fibrous Roots; then fill the VelTel with good Mould, and in dry Weather water it fometimes: This Application is moft proper to be done before the Sap begins to rile, and the end of the Bark of the Branch you intend to t^ke off^will before the Autumn be ftirnilhed with Roots enough to feed it, without the affiftance of the old Tree ; then law or cut it oflj and plant it as you defire.
Thole that delight in blanched Lettuce, may To blanch blanch them with expedition, by covering every Lettuce. Plant with a fmall Earthen pot, and laying hot'
Soil upon them.
It is thus prelcribed, Sow it in the Spring upon To blanch the Borders, and when it hath fix Leaves, replant it Succory^ in rich ground,about eighteen Inches diftance each Plant from the other, paring them at the tops:
When they are grown fo large, as to cover the-ground, tie them up in feveral places with long Straw, or raw Hemp, at leveral rimes as they grow fair, leaving the other to grow larger.
Or you may gently bind them,and take away the Earth on one fide of each Plant,and couch it down gently, without bruifing the Leaves, and fo cover ic with Earth,and it.will become white in a little time,
R	with-242	Cl)C 3tt Of 0aroeuttt^ Book III.
without running to Seed: Gouch them all one way, and then they will not hinder one another.
To blanch them for the winter, it is thus prefcri-bed, At the firft Frofis, tie them after the former way, about 8 days after, makeaTrench about the height pfyour Plant, then pluck up your Plants and place them in this Trench, range them fide by fide a little shelving, as they may gently touch. Cover them with rotten Dung of the lame Bed they were lown in; you may makeTrench after Trench till you have hnilhed: Then cover the whole Bed four Fingers thick with hot Dung from the Stable, and in a fhort time they will be blanched.
To prelerve them from rotting, you may cover them with Mats placed aflant to call off the great Rains.
Or you may take them into the Houle and cover them with Sand in fome Cellar, obferving to placethem with the tops downwards, that the Sand may not run in between the Leaves: let the Sand cover them 4 Fingers thick; when you take them up, lhake them well with the Root upmoft, that all the Sand may fall out from the Leaves.
To blanch Cover the Plants with reafonable warm Dung, Endive, draw them out, at the firft appearance of Froft, then keep them in Sand in your Cellar : Or when they are grown to fome reafonable greatnefs,before they ihcot out any Stalks for Seed,take them up,& the Roots being cut away,' lay them to wither for three or four hours, and then bury them in Sand, io as none of them may lie one upon another, or touch one another, they will by this means change whitifh, and thereby become very tender.
THEGARDENERS
Monthly Directions.
SHEWING
JVhat is Necejfary to be done throughout the Year,
I N
Sowing, Planting, and Propagating,the moft valuable of the Shrubs, Flowers, Efculents>and other Hortenfian Plants before Treated of
AND
What Ornamental Trees
and Flowers, are in their Prime in each MONTH.
LONDON:
Printed for 7ho. Dringi at the Harrow fiver againft the Inner Temple-gate in Fleetfireet. 1688./
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«THE
P R E F A C E.
At the firtt Publifbing this Jmall. Treat ife, it ivas not my intention to have added a Kalender ; hy rea-Jon that I had compofeda large one for .Huf-bandry in gencralavhich was Printed atthe end of my Syltema Agriculture, which conteyned. many Dir eft ions to be Monthly obferved in Horticulture^ well as in Husbandry: Andalfo for thatfocompleata Kalendarium Horten fe was Publifbed by Mr. Evelm, which hath not yet, nor is likely to be exceeded But when this little Traft of mine was the Second time Printed, by another Hand, in my abfence, was added about a Sheet and a half to it, calling it, The Gardeners Monthly Directions, ivbich 'was collected out of an old Piece of Husbandry, much of it not proper , and other part of it out of ufe : So that J was obliged to cam-pofe the following Kalendar, which could not be done without repeating fame things that had been P ublifbed before; yet are there malt 3	mThe PREFACE.
ny neceffary Directions which ought to he oh-ferved hy the Curious,not elfewhere puhlifhed. Therein is alfo an account of what beautiful and Ornamental Trees, Plants, and Flowers, fbew themfelves in their Splendour, in each Month, that fuch that delight in them, may take fuch care that at no time their Gardens may he without fitting Materials to adorn their Houfes or Garlands.
The former Kalenders that are extant are long, and there is not much more to he Jaid on the fame SuhjeCl: therefore you cannot ex-pett this to he more large than you will find it. However to fo fmall a Treatife this minute Addition may fuffice, until new Matter he dif-covered to make it larger.
Vale.
THE247
THE
GARDENERS
Monthly Diredlions,
? ANVARY
THIS Month Is generally the colcjeft Month in the year, and not fekidm lock’d up with FroilSj or the Gardens as well as the Fields, covered with Snow, that little can be done in the Garden : And in cafe the Weather fhould be fo favourable (as fometimes it happens) that the Earth is eafily penetrable, yet is it not lafe to fow a-ny manner of Seeds (except in hot Beds) leaf! a fharp fit of Cold chill them in their Milk, that is, after they have fwelled in the Earth and began to chitt, as many Seeds are apt to do as foon as they are in the Ground, although, fome will endure the greateft feverities of the coldeft Winters (if deep enough ) as Parfley-R 4	feed,248	Cbe ^attienetg
feed, Gorn-fallet-feed, and fometimes Purflain-feed, and feveral others. ,
But in this Month may you plant your Fences, and fbme Flower-bearing-trees, as Lilars, Rofes, doiible bloffom’d Cherry, Woodbines, and Virgins-bower, and alio Anemoniesi and Ranunculus's,. if the Weather be mild and the Ground open.
In hot beds now may be fown Cauly-flowers, RadiJhj Lettuce, and other Salletings you are willing to have early.
Set Traps to deftroy Vermine, for in frofty Weather they will eafily be taken by a Bair, *• when the Froft prevents them from other Food.
Preferve your choice GilUflowers from the cold Rains, and fhake off the Snow from , them.
Pick Snails out of the Crevifes in the Walls, and other dole places where they go for fhcl-ter.
Ornamental Plants and Flowers now in Seajon.
Laurrn, Laurus trim, Mez,erion3 the Ray-tree, gilded Holly3the lèverai forts of Rofemarj3 ftrip‘d Tbyllirea, GlaJJenbury Thorn, ltrip d Fertwinkles, Winter-Aconite or Wolfsbane, black HeUebar, Frimrofes of feveral forts, and the double 0.x-Jlipt, early Winter-Hyacinth.
February.<®mmv 3Ditcctfan&
2 49
F EB RV ART
Nj OW the Weather begins to alter, alii though lometimes January be open and temperate, and this Month leverely cold, yet for the moft part the inclining of the Sun to the Vernal Equinox, doth produce a moderation of the pail colds, and encourage the ingenious Gardener to trim his Trees, and lfir his Ground, mixing his rotten Dung in the digging thereof for the letting and lowing of Beans, Peaje, Carrots, Parjmps, Onions, Parjley, Spinage, Ajparagus, Annijeeds, Corn-fallet, Fennel.
Which being now lown in a fair and open feafon, will come early, and prolper well.
I,ay Branches of feveral Trees to take root, and plant out your Cabbage Plants to have them early.
Ma ke y our hot Bed for Melons,Cucumber s,&c. Plant Cow flips, Oxflips, Primrofes.
Sow the Seeds of Fraxmella, Alaternm, Larks-heels, Marigolds.
Ornamental Plants and Flowers now in Seafon.
Laurus, Laurus-tinus, Mezjereon, gilded Holly, gilded Rofemary, ftripd Pbyllirea, GlaJJen-bury Thorn, Periwinkles, IVinter-Aconite, Anemones,2*o	Cljc ^attoeners
morns, Crocus, early Winter-Hyacinths, bulbous Violets, Hepatic a, Ret fan Iris, early Daffodils, Primrofes, Oxjlips*
MARCH.
npHis Month produces the greateft variety J of Weather of any other in the whole year j that notwithftanding the advancement of the Sun into the Northern Hemifphere, which often produces temperate,and fometimes warm Weather $ yet the Winds that ufually blow from the Northern and Eaffern Regions, with the coldneri of the Earth, do lo refrigerate the Air, that it is not fafe to remove your tender Plants, nor (ow the Seeds of tender Herbs and Flowers, leaft the nipping Frofts or Winds, and fometimes Snows, deprive you of your expe-«ftation : Neverthelels in this Month are the greateft part of your Garden Tillage, and more hardy flowering Ornaments to be removed down, or planted.
Continue ftill digging your Garden Grounds, mixing therewith, or rather burying therein your rotten Dung. You may now make your hot Beds for Melons and Cucumbers, and alfo for Amaranthus purpureus, Marvel of Peru, the greater Convolvulus, and other choice Exoticks.
Sow Beans, Peafe, Carrots, Parjnips, Onions, Leeks, ParJIey, Lettucea Spinage, Affaragus, An-
nifeeds,S00ttt&lp Ett'rectt'ons.	25:1
nifeeds, Corn-fallet, Fennel, Endive, Succory, Ra-difli, Beets, Scorz>onera, Sorrel, Buglos, Burrage, Chervil, Sellery , Vurflain, Turnips, Cabbages, Marigolds.
Plant Skirrets, Garlick, Liquorice, Artichokes, Strawberries, Cabbage-plants.
Slip and plant Sage,RofemaryLavender,Thyme, towards the end of the Month, if the Weather be mild; and then allb may you remove fluty Flowers or Carnations.
Sow the Seeds of Ftrrs, Vines, Bayes, Alater-nus, Vhtllyrea, Cyprefl, Laurel, & c.
Plant Cow flips, Oxflips, Vrimrofes, Wall-flowers, Hepaticds, Auricula s, Gentianella, Jafmines,Fraxi-nella.
About the beginning of this Month may you let into the ground the roots of the Mar-vail ofFeru, which you preferved all the Winter.
Ornamental Plants and Flowers now in Seafon.
Sweet-bryars, Veriwinckles, Anemones, Crocus's, Hyacinths,Hepatic o’s, Verfian Iris, Daffodils, Trim-rofes, varieties of Oxflips, and Cow flips, Crown Imperial, Fritilaryes, Vrecone-Tulyps, DeusCami-nus, Wall-flowers, Violets, Junquils, Grape-flowers,
&c.
APR il:2?2
Clje ^atBettetrs
APRIL.
f N this Month your Garden appears in its 1 greateft Beauty, the BloiToms of the Fruit-trees prognofticate the plenty of Fruits for all the fucceeding Summer-Months, unlefs prevented by untimely Frofts, or Blights. The Bees now buz in every Corner of your Garden, to fee,k for Food: The Birds ling in every Bulb, and the fweet Nightingale tunes her warbling Notes in your lolitary Walks, whileft the o-ther Birds are at their reft. The Beafts of the Woods look out into the Plains: And the Fifties of the Deep (port themfelves in the lliallow Waters. The Air is wholelome, and the Earth pleafant, beginning now to be cloathed with Nature’s beft Array, exceeding all Arts Glory. This is the time that whets the Wits of feveral Nations to prove j|pr own Country to have been the Garden of Eden3 or the Terr'efiial Para-dtfe, however it appears all the year befit'es..
In cafe unfeafonable Weather hinders not, the pleafantnels and falubrity of the Air, now tempts the found to the free enjoyment of it, rather than to enjoy the Pleafiires of Bacchus in a fmoaky Corner.
The beginning of this Month uncover your JJparagus-RedSj rake? them fine as they mutt lye all the Summer, uncover-your Artichoaks3 and When they are a little fhot out in Leaves, drefs them, and with thofeSuckers plant new Beds, if you have occafion for them.	Setspontljli? Direction#*.
Set French-beans, Peafe3 Hafiings, and Garden-beans > for a fecond Crop, Cucumbers3Melons3 and fow all forts of tender Seeds about the end of the Month, that cannot endure the Cold $ you may now fow Rofemary, Hollthock-feed3 Columbines, Larks-heels, Nafiurtium Indicum3Poppies3Lu-pines3 and all foch Flowers as are to blow in the following Summer.
Now low Turnips to have them in the Summery plant out your Caulyflcwers ; and as yet you may plant Cabbage Plants.
All tender Winter-greens and Shrubs may now be lafely removed and cut, as Phyllirea, Myrtles, yaJmines3Oleander3Cypreß3 &c. you may yet tranlplant fibrous rooted Flowers, and let the Seeds of foveral Trees, as of the Pine3 Firr, Phyllirea3Alaternus,&c. bring your choice Plants out of your Conforvatory, except the Orange-tree , which will hardly yet endure the Cold.
In the Evening after a Ihower gather up Wprms and Snails.
Ornamental Plants and Flowers now in Seafion.
Double blojjomd Cherry, Syringa's or Pipe-trees, Perfian Jafmine3Hypericnmfrutex3Divarf-almonds3 , Sweet-bryars3 Anemonyes3 Ranunculus, Auriculas3 i Crown-Imperial3 Perfian-Lilly3FritHlary3Tulips3 Ja-i cinths3 Mufcary3 St ar-flowers} Iris3 Deus Camimts, Wernal Cyclamens, Ladies-flipper3 Gentianella, Watt-, flow er s3 Stock-GiUiflowers, Bell-flowers3 Hepatica‘s3 . NarciJJus3PrimroJes3 Coivflips} Peonyes3 Arbor Inda, iLilac3 Gelder-Rofes, Laburnum.	M AT.H
€foe i^at&etters
MAX
O W arc we entring the Summer, this
Month fometimes proving very warm, and the warmer it is the lefs welcome, overmuch heat Co early fcorching the Fruits of the Earth, difappointing the Gardener of his hopeful Crop, unlefs by his great pains and induftry he preserves it by watring. And fome times on the contrary, cold and nipping Frofts either chils his tender Plants, or puts him to the trouble of fecuring them, by the continuance of his Coverings. The long and pleafant Mornings and Evenings extreamly invigorate the Natures of fuch that ibft Dormitories do noto-ver much prevail with to decline their Enjoyments. He that delights not in Phyfick, let him now exercife himfelf in the Garden, and take the fmell of the Earth, with the rifingSun, than which to the vertuOufly inclined there is nothing more pleafant $ for now is Nature her felf full of Mirth, and the Senfes ftored with Delights, and variety of Pleafures.
There is now but little digging in a Garden, except for the {owing of fome very tender Plants, as Sweet-MarjeroYne^ &C.
But now weeding is neceilary, as well in your Walks, as amongft your Herbs, Tillage, and Flowers.
You$$ontf)ty Dftectton&-
You may yet plant and remove Winter-greens, and other tender Shrubs, preparing the Mould, and mixing it with Cow-dung, and may alfo fow Sweet-Marjerom, Thyme, Gil* liflowers, and other Aromatick and tender Plants.
Sow Purflain and other Herbs to have them young and tender. Moft of your houfed and covered Plants will now live in the open Air $ only Melons and early Cucumbers will prolper belt under Glafles.
Sage, Rofemary, and feveral other woody Plants, thrive beft flipt and planted in this Month, a little watred and lhaded if there be occafion.
You may now remove into proper Beds, A-marant bus,Maftich,Thyme, Snap-dragons, and the young Stock-gillyflowers, at the full of the Moon, which it’s laid will make them the more double.
Such Tulip roots that are dry, may now be taken up.
Ornamental Plants and Flowers now in Seafon.
Laurus Cerafus, Cytifus Maranthe, or Horned-tree Trefoil, Hypericum frutex, Oleafler, Shrub-night-fhade, Woodbines, moftlbrtsof Rofes, Laburnum, Horfe-chefnut, Lilac, Gelder-rofe, Sina-tree, Rofemary, Pinks, Tulips, Columbines, Peo-nyes, Lilly conval, Iris, Anemones, Ranunculus, Cyclamen, FraxineUa, Gladiolus, Geranium, Jo-2f6
Cfje (^actJener^
cinth , Lillyes , Phalangium , Orchis t Cowflips, Ladies-flipper, Stock-gilliflower, Star-flower, Bellflowers, great yellow Fritillary, Starry-Jacinth of Peru, AJphodels, Gentianella, Auriculas, Wall-
HT' IIE Sun is now in his mod Northern La-
i titude, the Days at longeft, the Mornings and Evenings the moft pleafant times for Recreation in the beautiful Avenues of your Ville ; another times of the day, Grotts, and foady Groves, requite your labour and expence in railing them, by the fweet and cool refrelh-ments they afford, when the Sun*» hot Afped would otherwife prove troublefome. The plenty of cooling Fruits and Tillage now furni/h your Table, and tempt the curious Pallate to exchange a great part of its groiTer Food for Garden Dainties.
The bell imployment in the	now, is
to prune and trim your Flowers and Trees, to inoculate Rojes, to lay Gilhflowers, and cut Herbs to diftil and to dry.
Melons, Cucumbers, and feveral forts of new removed Trees and Flowers, now, exped to be watred.
Tulip-roots, and other Bulbs that are dry, may now be taken up and houfod.
You may alio take up the Chalcedon Iris, A-
flowers, Queens-GMflowers, Snapdragons.
nemonts, and Ranunculds.
Alfo2S7
Alio now remove early Cyclamens, bulbous Jacinths, Iris, Fritillaries, Crown-Imperial, Mar-tagon, and luch others that have done blowing.
Set Saffron, and plant Rofemary, but let it be a little defended from the Sun, and watred at the firlt, and plant Slips of Myrtle.
Gather Seeds of luch Flowers that blowed in the Spring, and are now ripe.
Ornamental Plants and Flowers now in Seafon.
Laurus Cerajus, Rofes of moft forts, Woodbines, Lime-tree, Indian-Fig, Fraxinella, Shrub-night-flade, Jafmines, Spanifh-broom , Mart argons, Lillies, Molyes, Affhodals, Vhalangium, Iris, Corn-flag,zy£fiivalCyclamens,'wh\tQHel!ebor)^vQ2X. Gentian,Bell-flowersjCampions, Queens-Gilliflowers, Vinks, Sweet-Johns, Sweet-Williams, Columbines, Snap-dragons, Poppies, Nigella, lefler Convolvulus, Nafiurtium Indicum, Carnations, Larks-heels, Sultan's Flower, Stock-Gilliflowers, Cornflag, Holly-hock, Mufcory.
fVL%
THis Northern Hemilphere is now warmed by the Sun’s advance,by whole influence many choice and delicate Fruits become plea-lant and acceptable to the molt curious Palates;
S	theClje ^atucners
the fruitful Fields appearin their bell Array,that the Countryman may now give a guefs what Har-veftheisliketo exped, Grotts and fhady Groves, are more feafonableto recreate your felf in than the open Air,unlelsitbelate in the Evening, or early in the Morning,to liich that can afford time to take a Nap after Noon. Garden Fruits, and Tillage, may now be a part of your Table-Furniture, being a cooler Dyet . than grofs Flefh.
The Exercifes in the Garden are now for the. moft part gathering in the Fruits of the Labour you bellowed in theWinter and Spring Months. Now on the ground whence you have cleared your Peale, and other early Tillage, being flightly digged, may you low Turnips, Cab-Argc-feed ; and alio, if you pleafe, Seeds for latter Salleting, and Peafe to come late.
You may now lay GUliflowers, and Myrtles, &c. inoculate Rofes and other Flower-bearing Trees.
Cut off the Stalks of fuch Flowers that have ' done blowing, and cover their Roots with frelh Earth.
Snails that feed on your choice Wall-fruirs, early in the Mornings may be taken off.
* Slip Stocks, and other lignous Plants and Flowers, plant them, and water, and lhade them, if need require.
Sow Mezerecn-Berries, and Anemones.
Take up Lillies, Martagons, Frittillaries, and Hyacinths, when the Ealks are dry, and remove .them. Take up Anemones.
Ornamental5Dfrectf<m&
Ornamental Plants and Flowers nominSeafon.

Several forts of Rofes* Woodbines3 Lime-tree, Oleander 3 Lauras Indicus, Jafmines , Virgins-bower, Periploca, Oranges3 Amorum Plinii3 Agnus Carets 3 Arbutus3 Olive, Jucca, Molyes, the frnall yellow Afrhodil, Cornfiag3 zAiftival Cyclamens 3 great Gentian, Bell-flowers, Campions, Queens-Gilliflowers 3 Gilliflowers 3 Snapdragons , Larks-heels 3 Indian Crefres, Nigella, leffer C.on-. •volvulus3 Mar vail of Peru, Scarlet-beans, Ltifincs, Scabious 3 FraxineUa 3 African Marigold, Holy-hock, Stock-Gillifrowers3 PaJJion-flower, Cardinal's Flower.
rY~'- H E Sun being now in its Southern decli-1 nation the Air begins to cool, and it is become very pleafant to walk after aThunder-fhower. Although the Beauties of the Fields and Gardens begin to fade, yet the profits now flow in: the Fields cloathed with Corn, ready for the Barn ; the Orchards laden with all forts of. Cider-fruits; the Avenues and .Walls of your Gardens3 now furnifh the moft curious Palates with the moft delicate Fruits; and the Kitchin-G.Wc» the Table with variety of Tillage. Litde is now, to be done in a Gar-
S 2
den9z6o •	Cbe ®amnetg
den, befides gathering in the Fruits of former Labours.
You may now low Cabbage and Caulyflow-«r-feed, for Winter Plants, and alfo Lettuce, Spinage, Carrots, Onion*, Corn-fadet, and Mary* golds, to live over the Winter.
S o w Turnips.
Pull up your Onions, Gar lick, &c. and gather ypur ripe Seeds.
Remove Auricula s-, plant Cowflips, Oxflips, and Primrofes, Campions, Gilliflowers, Hepaticd’s, Crown-Imperial, Per flan-Lillies, Fritillaries, A(pho-dils, Spiderwort, Cbolcicumbs, and Autumnal Crocus, Iris, Bulbous and Tuberofe, Lilly of the Valley, Deus Caninus, and (eedling Anemones, and moft other Flowers that have blown the Spring or Summer precedent.
Plant Rofes, Woodbines, and other Trees that are apt to bud before the Winter.
Plant Saffron, Strawberries, &C.
Remove your Winter-greens.
Ornamental Plants and Flowers now in Seafon.
Myrtles, double bloflomed Pomegranate-tree, Althea fruticofa, Spirea frutex, Monthly Rofes, ■ 'nines, Virgins-bower, Maracoc , Sena-tree, Musk-rofe, Oleander, Virginian Martagon, Indian Hyacinth, or Tuberofe, Star-flower of zAEtbio-pia, the little hollow white Aflhodil, Autumnal Cyclamen, Bellflowers, Champions, Gilliflowers, Hollyhocks, Globe-Tbifile, Sultan s Flower, Ama-
ranthus,spont&iv	261
ranthus, Larki-heels, Indian CreJJes, African Marigolds3 Great Convolvulus, Marvail of Peru, Everlafring Peaje, Lupines Choleic urn, French Marigold, Geranium Noth Olens.
SEPTEMBER.
r~j~ His Sealon is the moft plealant of all the I Year for Air, it being generally of an even Temper,by night as well as by day: The Leaves as well as Fruits, now, are for the molt part ripe, and ready to fall, which makes it the fweetelt time of all the Year, for Travelling, Walking, and fuch like Champaign Ex-ercilès. This is one of the principal Months in the Year, wherein to employ your lelf in the Garden : Now may you dig up your Flower Beds, whole Earth wants to be altered, re-, newed, or enriched, and molt Trees and Flowers may be tranlplanted or removed, and be throughly fixed before the Winter, that the Frolts will not hurt them.
You may yet low Turnips, though they will hardly be large, unlels the Autumn be mild ; alio you may low Lettuce, Cabbages, Cauliflowers, Onions, Spinage, Farjnips, &c. againlt the Spring.
Tranlplant your young Cabbage Plants, and Cauliflower Plants, that were lown the lalt Month, it makes them Ihortand Itrong: You may allò plant Artichoaks and Afraragus, but it’s belt in the Spring.	S 3 Plant26z	€lje ^artJeitetg
Plant raoft forts of bulbous rooted Flowers, as Tulip, Dafro dills3 Cholcicums3 Crocus3 8cc.
. Alfo Pecn/es3 Iris, Chalcedon 3 and Tuberofe Cow(lips3 Oxflips, Primrofes, 'Hepatica, Cyclamen3 Violets, and moft other Fibrous Roots.
Take off the Layers of your Giliiflowers that have taken root* and plant them in their proper places, in Beds or in Pots. „
Plant Anemones to have them early, low Auricula feeds, fow fome forts of hardy feeds,
' as Tulips, &c. that lie long in the ground.
The great Gentian mull be1 planted in this Month, in rich Soil, and a warm place: The Cardinal's Flower may now be fet in a Pot, that in the colder Weather it may be removed into your Green-houfe, or fet deeper in the g'ound and fheltred: Remove feme of your tender Plants into your Confervatory.
Ornamental Trees and Flowers.
Laurus Cerafus3 Myrtles3 Althea Frutico[a3 A-momum Plinii3 Monthly Rofe3 Double Virgins Bower3 Musk Ro[e3 Sena Tree, Sweet Molj of Montpelier The little whiteAJfj>odil3Cholcicums,
. Crocus Autumnatis3 Autumnal Cyclamens, Champions 3 Hollyhocks/ Amaranthus, Najlurtium Indi~ cum3 African Marigolds3 Greater Convolvulus, Marvail^ °f Peru, Stock-Gillifowers, Jacynthtss Tuber ojus, Gillifowers.
OCTOBER.^ontTjty Dtrectfon&
2 6i
OCTOBER.
OW mod Trees and Plants Jhake off
their Summer Garments, and prepare themfelves for the approaching Winter; fbme are hardy and retain their green Leaves in the fevered Colds ; others are fo tender^ that although they Ihcd not their Leaves, yet require ihelter from the Cold, which are now to be taken care of. There is more Pleafiire now in feeding on the Fruits of your Labour and Induftry, than in viewing the Ruines and Decays that this Seafon hath made amongft Natures Glories. There is a time for all things,' as well to pluck up, as to plant. This Month invites you to both, being the mod feafbnable to plant young Trees that are hot tender Exoticks, and to eradicate the old and decayed.
Carry Dung into your Kitchin Garden, and fpread it, that it may rot, and the Rain walh in the ledile part of it before the Spring.
Plant out your Cabbage and Calpvort Plants to dand all the Winter, and fbme of your Cabbage-plants, where they may remain in the Spring unremoved, and they will bring early Cabbages.
Cut off the withered Stalks of Afyaragus near the ground, and weed the Beds clean, and cover them with good rich dung not quite rotten, which will defend the Roots from violent Frolis,
S 4
and164	t£fjc ^ataenerg
and enrich the Bed, by the rains wafhing in its vertue.
Plant Anemones, Ranunculus, Peonyes , Iris ' Cbalcedonca, Tulips, and other fibrous and bulbous roots.
Remove Holly-bocks, Stock-giUiflowers, and o-ther hardy Plants: low Alaternus and Pbyllirea-feeds.
Cut and prune Roje-Trtos, and other hardy Plants.
Now houfe your tender Plants.
Ornamental Trees and Flowers now in Seafon.
Arbutus or the Strawberry-Tree, Myrtles, ftrip’d Phyllirea, Amomum Plinii, Monthly-.Roje, Spanish Jafmine, and the yellow Indian-Jajmine, Violets, Crocus Autumnatis, double Colcbicum, Cyclamen, StockgiUijlowers, Marvel of Peru, double Virgins-bower, Primrofes, and Icarlet Ox-Jljps.
NO	VE MR
IF continued Rains (which ufually happen in this Month) prevent not, we may now feel apart of the flbarp Cold the Winter brings; and gives us caution as well in the Garden as in the Fields to provide againft it. Although the productions of a Garden are many more than
tholetljlp Dltecttoitg*	*6y
thole of the Field ; yet are few Seeds (own in this or the next Month, although the Weather be open, by reafon of the hazard they are ex-poled to, in cafe of a fudden and fevere Froft: yet thole that covet to have them early in the Market, or to pleafe their Palates, will now low Peafe, and fet Beans, and adventure the lharpnels of the Winter againft their profit or pleasure.
Now may you prepare Beds for the planting of Artichoaks and Afparagm in the Spring ; and may alio order the Afyaragus Beds as was directed in October.
Cover well your Artichoaks with long Dung, to defend them againft Frofts: the want whereof loft almoft all the Artichoaks in England, in the hard Winter, 168;.
Houfe and cover with Sand Carrots, Turnips, and Parfiiips; and houfe Cabbages.
Dig up Liquorice.
Plant Tulips, and Anemones. Cover your tender Plants.
In open Weather you may remove hardy Trees that loofe their Leaves before this time;
Rofes may allb yet be removed, and likewile may Lilac, ordinary Jafmine, &c.
Peonyesj and feme fibrous Roots, may now be planted.
Sow A(f>aragus Seeds.
OrnamentalClje ^attenersi
Ornamental Trees and Flowers now in Seafon.
Arbutus fir the Strawberry-T ree,Myrtle, ftrip’d Phyllirea, Amomum Plmi't, gilded Holly, Myrtles, Spanijh and Indian Jafrnine , Violets, Primrofes, and Skarlet Oxjlips 3 Monthly-Ro[e , and the Mmk-Rofe.
Lthough this is the darkeft Month of
the year, Phoebus being in his molt Southern Declination, yet it is leldom the coldelt. However little can be done in the Garden, be-fides cutting and pruning of Wall-trees, digging and drefling of ground againft the Spring, and luch like preparatory Works abroad; the Evenings are long, which gives the Indultrious opportunity to indulge themlelves by the fire-fide, over a Glals of Hearts-eafe; and the Studious leave to read what others have Wrote, that he may make what he tinds there, and thinks fit, to be his own, when fairer and milder Weather too often invites him to partake of thole Pleafures the Garden yields, to the negledfc of his Study.
If the Weather be open and mild you may remove, or plant, rnoft fort of hardy Trees that Hied their Leaves in Winter.
‘DECEMBER.
Set^ontfjlp Dfrectfottss, ,267
Set Beans, and low Peafe, to have them early. You may now let Bay-berries, Laurel-berries, &c.
You may yet plant Anemone and Ranunculct Roots.
Sow AJparagus.
In froity Weather may you deftroy Snails in every Corner of your Garden , and behind the ftemsof Wall* trees.
Ornamental Trees and Flowers now in Seafon.
Laurel, Bays, Myrtles, Laurus tinus, Phyllirea, plain coloured andftrip’d Rofemaryoiall lorts, gilded Box, gilded Holly, Glaftenbury-thbrn, Primrofes of feverid Colours, (carlet Oxjlip, black Hellebor, Snow-drops, ftrip’d Periwinckle, and all other Winter-greens, plain, gilded, and ftrip’d, leem acceptable to the Curious at this Seafon, when the Earth is lock’d up, that it cannot expole its more defired Rarities, which in the Succeeding year will every day begin to appear, as the Sun advanceth, and by its warm Rays lets at liberty each Flower fa.its lealon.
Az6$
A .
CATALOGUE
Of fuch Houfed-Greens, Winter-Greens, Flowering-Shrubs,Flowering-Trees, Flowers, and other curious Plants, as well Exotichfks Englifb, that are to be Sold by Mr. George Ricbgts^ Gardener, at the Hand in Hogfden without Bi-fbopfgrte^ London, the great Collector and Improver of the Beauties of a Garden.
Greens that are .Houfed in the Winter.
O Ranges and Le- Colutea Odor at a. mons.	Tree Houjleek.
Myrtles of va- Cytijus lunatus. rious forts.	Jacobea Marina3or Sea-
The white and red 0-	Ragwort.
leander.	Gilded or ftrip'd Rhyl-
The yellow Indian	lyrea.
Jafmine.	Lentifcus.
The Spanijh Jafmine. Indian Figg.
The Indian Jucca.
Maruma Catalogue of ^oufeO ®reen&
Mar urn Syriacum. Amomum Tlinii.
Flower-bearing-T recs.
Cafianea Equina fir the Horfe-Cbeflnut. Oleafier.
Tardus ( or Tardalian-cbes ) Theophrafli. Laburnum Major. Laburnum Minor. Sena-Tree.
Sumach.
Caffia.
Lilac, blew, white, and purple.
Tomegranate - flowers , double and fingle. Jafmines, White, and Virginian.
Teriploca.
Double Virgins-bower. Virginian Climer.
Tree Tajjion-flower. Tahurus, o vCbrifls-thorn. Hungarian Clematis.
Or obits Vmet us. Gelder-Rofe.
Double btojfom'd Cherry.
Red,Purple,
White.
Dwarf Almond.
Hypericum flutex.
Spirea flutex.
Cytifus Secundus Clufli. Althea flutex , Red , White.
Syringa, White, Purple. Ter flan Jafmine„.. Woodbine, or Honifuckle, White, Italian, Red, Scarlet.
Scorpion Sena.
' Amigdala flore Africans.
Winter-Greens.
Alaternus.
Tyracantha.
Ilex.
Laurus tinus Major. Laurus tinus Minor. Spanifh Broom. -Upright Savin.
Laurels.
ThyUirea auguflifolia. Bay-tree.
Cyprejl Norway Ftrr.
Scotch Firr.
Silver, or flat Firr. Mountain Tine.
Tinafier.
Cedar of Libanus» Winter Jafmine»27<>	8 Catalogue of $oufefr0reett&
Other.Ornamental	kinds.
Trees.	\ Lillies of feveral kinds.
Cornelian Cherry.	Iris bulbous 1 Great va-
cate/, and Occidental I™ tuberous^ rieties.
Platanus.	Hyacintbus tuberofus.
Abek. l ,	. , Jacinths many forts.
Lime-Tree..	great varieties.
Double and fingle Ane-Flowers and choice,;	wanes many forts.
Plants.	Ranunculus great varie-
Cardinars Flower, Scar-	\	ties.
let, Blew.	Carnations and Gilliflow-
Steeple Bellflower.	ers very many	forts.
Scarlet .Gnaphalion.	Double Colchicums.
Double Scarlet Lychins.	Fritillaries.
White Rocket.	Ornithogalons.
Turple Rocket. .	Leucoiums.
Auriculas double of fe-, NarciJJus3 great varieties veral forts. .	: v, \ double and fingle.
Auricula’s &rip'd, great \ Globe-Flower.,
varieties.	: - Crocus's many varieties.
Auricula's plain Colours. Fnmrofes many colours H^t/WjDouble,Biew,	;	and forts.
and Peach-colour. . ' Oxflips feverap colours FraxineUa, White, Red. ;, and forts, \
- PeenyesjDouble, White, 'jPolyantbos.
Blulh, and Purple. .Gentianella.
Aflbodil, Yellow, FjqL- Junquils. .,
Geranium notle Olenf. ‘Campanula's oxBcllflow-Martagons of foveral ers With many others.
The fame Mr. Ric^tts can furnifh you with all. the beft forts of Apples, Pears, Chtrri(S\ Plumbs, A?*icock]x Peaches. Nettorints, flints. Currants, Goofekrries, and all other Fruits, Standards.or for theWall: Of all which he hath great variety.
—	A27I
A
CATALOGUE.
O F
Seeds, Plants, &c.
Sold by Edward Fuller, at the Three Crowns and Naked Boy at Strand-Bridge near the May-Pole , Theo-philus Stacy, at the Rofe and Crown without Bißjopfgate , and Charles Blackwell, at the King’s-Head near Fetter-Lane-end in Holhorn, London.
French Leek.
Seeds of Roots.	Orange Carrot.,
Red Carrot.
STrasburgh Onion- Swelling Parfnap. Seed.	Long Turnep.
Red Spaniß} O- Round Turnep. nion.	Yellow Turnep.
White Spanißj Onion. Skirret.
Englifl) Onion.	Scorzonera.
London Leek.	Saffify.
Po-*72
a Catalogue of Seens, plants, &o
Potatoes.,
Shallots.
Garlick. RocumBolis.
SaUad Seeds.
London Radilh. Sandwich Radilh. Black Spanijh Radilh. White Spanish Radilh. Cabbage Lettuce. Lombard Lettuce. Roman Lettuce. Arabian Lettuce.
Savoy Lettuce.
Silefia Lettuce.
Roje Lettuce.
Red Lettuce.
Curl’d Lettuce.
Round Spinage. Prickly Spinage. Berry-bearing Orach. White Beet. Red Beet. Roman Beet.
Curl’d Endive.
Italian Seleree.
Italian Fennel. Sampier.
Rocket.
Spanijh Rocket. Rampion.
Harts-horn.
French Sorrel.
Candy Sorrel. Cardoon.
Indian Crelles. Garden Crelles. Broad-leav’d Creffes. Curl’d Creffes. Chervile.
Sweet Chervile. Purflane.
Golden Purflane. Parfley.
Curl’d Parfley. Alilander.
Corn-Sail ad.
Dutch Alparagus. Colly-Flower.
English Cabbage. Dutch Cabbage. Rujjia Cabbage.
Red Cabbage. Colewort.
Curl’d Colewort. Sheerwort.
French Choux.
Dutch Savoy. Coli-Rapi.
Englijh Melon;
French Melon.
Spanijh Melon.
Long Cucumber. Short Cucumber. Prickly Cucumber. Pompion.
Gourd$ Catalogue of 2>eep& plants &c.	273
Gourd* Mekin. . Tot-Herb Seeds.	; Baum. Thyjical Seeds. . Cardus Benedidus*
Endive..	Scurvy Grals.
Succory.	Angelica*.
Borage, .	Lovage.
Buglols.	Smallage.
Burnet.	Tobaccd.
Bloudwort«	Dill.
Clary.	Common Fennel«
Sorrel.	Sweet Fennel.
Marygold.	Caraway.
Pot-Marjorurrii	Cumin.
Landebeef.	Anife.
Summer-Savory.	, Corriander. v
Columbine*	Gromewelh
Tanfic.	Henbane. ;;
Nepp.	Plantain.
French Mallows*	Nettle.
Orach.	, Fcenugreek. Fleawort.
Sweet-Herb SeeJst	Rhubarb. Bur-dock.
Thyme.	Elecampane«
HylTop.	Ballam.
Winter-Savory.	White Poppy«
Sweet-Marjorum.	Cardamum. »
Sweet-Bafil.	Gourd.
Sweet-Maudlin.	Broom.
Rolemary.	Piony.
Lavender*	Daucus* T Citi274 acatalo&tte of mft#, WBM&&&
Citrul. -
Worm-Seed.
Wormwood,
Rue.
Oculus Ghriftl.
Line or Flax. • Marlhmallow.
Flower-Seeds. ■ *
Double July-Flower.: 1 Stock Juiy-FloWCrf Tc Queens July-Flow&C" Wall-Flower.
White Wall-Flowed.:'' Matted Pink. Mountain Pink. 1 Double Columbin& ' * Virginian ColumbiriCP Double Larks-heel. T Upright Larks-heelf Role Larks-heel.' ’ African Mary gold.' ^ French Marygola. J Snap-Dragon. •
Candy Tuft. : : • 1- : Sweet Scabious. -Spanijh Scabious, i: London Pride. *: Capficum Indicum. • Venus Looking-GUIs. White Venus Looking-' Glafs, .r '
Venus Navel-wort; . French Honyfuckle. White French Hony-fiickle.'
Scarlet Lychnis... f' Role Campion.-:
- Noli me Tangere; Marvel of Peru. ■'
' Naflurtium Indicari.
_ Sweet Sultan. '
; Red ValerianTICV',:r;f v White Valerian. j Greek Valerian. •
' Branch’d Sun-Fl6Wef 1 Canterbury Bell* ' '
" Flos Adonis. ■
J Fox Tail.' i Iron-colour Fox-glove. Nigella Romana. Urtica Romana, y i: Primrofe Tree;-!:Belvidere.
Am aranthus Purpureus.» :
J:Amaranthus Cocci-^ neus.
-.Amaranthus Tricolor. 7 Princes Feather. 'Green Amaranthus* Love Apple.
’•Thorn Apple.
Double Poppey ftrip’d. ; Double. Holyhock.
Lobel'sa catalogue @eeo& pant& &c.
Pinafter. I
Lobel's Catch-fly. Goats Rue.
Spanijh Mallow-Tree. Monks Hood. Con'vul'uulm Major. Convul'vulm Minor. Bottles of all Colours. Globe Thiftle.
Great blew Lupines. Small blew Lupines. Yellow Lupines. White Lupines.
Scarlet Beans. Everlafting Peafe. Snails and Caterpillars.
Homs and Hedghogs. Tulip.
Anemone.
Auricula.
Polianthos.
Primrofe.
Senfible Plant. Humble Plant.
Seeds of Ewr-gretn and Flowring-Lirets.
Gyprefs.
Silver Firr.
Norway Firr.
Scotch Firr.
Great Pine.
Fhyllirea rvira.
Alaternus.
Phyracantha.
Arbutus.
Horn-Beam. •
Laurus Tiniis. Amomum Plinii. Mezerian Berries. Cedar Berries.
Holly Berries. 1 Laurel Berries.
Bay Berries.
Juniper Berries.
Yew Berries. ■
Mirtle Berries.- -Ever-green Oak-Acorns. '
Cork-Tree Acornsi Lime-Tree Seed.
Sena Seed.
Althaea frutex Seed. * Laburnum Majus. Laburnum Minus. > Spanijh Broom Seed. -Chelnuts.
Acatia.
Almonds.1
Sorts of Peaje3 Beans3 &c.
Barns Hot-lpur Peafe. T 2	Short*7* a Catalogue of $eeu& prattt& &&
Short Hot-fpur Peafe.
Long Hot-fpur Peafe.
Sandwich Peafe.
Grey Rouncival Peafe.
White Rouncival Peafe.
Blew Rouncival Peafe.
Green Rouncival Peafe.
Maple Rouncival Peafe.
Large white Sugar Peafe.
Small white Sugar Peafe.
Grey Sugar Peafe.
White Rofe Peafe.
Grey Rofe Peafe.
Egg Peafe.
Wing Peafe.
Sickle Peafe.
JVtndfor Beans.
Sandwich Beans.
White Kidney Beans.
Speckled Kidney Beans.
Canterbury Kidney Beans.
Lentils.
Seeds to improve Land,
Clover-Glals.
Hop-Glover Cleans’d.
Hop-Glover in the Husk.
Sain Foine.
La Lucern.
Spury.
French Furz.
Dantzick Flax.
Hemp-feed.
Rape-feed.
Muftard-feed.
Canary-feed.
Flower Roots,
Ranuncula’s,all forts.
Double Anemones, all forts.
French Anemones.
Tulips, all forts.
Double July-flower, all forts.
Auriculus, double ftrip’d and plain.
Poliantho’s, all forts.
Primrofes, all forts.
Iris, Verfian Cbalcedoni-an Dwarf, &c.
Crown Imperial, Yellow, double and fingle.
Fraxinella’s purple and white Hepatica,
doublea Catalogue of @eeti& Plants &c.
Up-right and Double-
double blue, & peach-colour, white, blue, and peach-colour fin-■
Crocus’s, all forts.
Narcifliis, all forts.
Hyacynthus Tuberio-fos.;
Junquils, double and fingle Pyony’s, Black, Red,purple Sc ftrip’d.
Fritillaria, all forts.
Hellebore , white, black, and Chrift-mas.
Cholchicum, Chio , purple ftrip'd, &c.
Gladiolus, all forts.
Cyclamen Vernum, and Autumnale..
fillies, all forts.
Sorts of Choice Trees and Plants.
Oranges Strip’d and Hermophradite.
Lemons.
Citrons.
Pomgranats.
Mirtles, Broad-Leavdj Box-Leav d, Orange-Leav'd) Birds-Nefi,
flower d.
Two forts of up-right Mirtles.
The up-right Mirtle of Portugal.
The Broad-leav’d Mirtle of Portugal,
The Broad-leav’d Mirtle of Spain.
A Broad-leav’d Mirtle, the Leaves tipt with white like Sii- \ ver.
Rhus Tirtifolia 8c Vir-ginianum, the Mirtle Leav’d and Vir-
- ginian Sumach.
Oleander, Red and White.
Phyllirea ferrato folio, 8c Augufto-folio, Sc foliis leviter ferratis.
Alaternus, ftrip’d with yellow and white.
Cytifus, Lunatus, 8c Secundus Clufii.
Amomum Plynii.
Hollys, ftrip’d with yellow, with white and yellow Berries.
Arbutus.
Paliurus.
T?
*77
dive-*7.3
a Catalogue of
Olive-Tree.
Cedrus Libani. .
Aloes Americana, five Sempervivum,, Aloes of America.
Agnus Caftus.
Arbor Judas.
Platanus Orientalus,Sc Occidentalis.
Tragacantha.
Horle-Chelhut.
Jelfamines, Spanijh yellow, Ferjian white, &c.
Ciftus, all fores.
Geranium no&uOlens.
Jucca Peruana.
|slight-fiiade variegated^
Woodbine variegated.
Althea frutex, purple, white,
Terebenthus.
Lentifchus.
tauras Tinus Latifolia.
Lamus Tinus AuguflT folia.
Laurocerafus ,	• the
Cherry-Bay.
The ftrip’d Laurel. :
Juniperus Hifpariicus, the Juniper of Spain.
Chamela Tricocc'os,or Widdovabvail. -
Lauras Alexandria Hippogloffum maSj the Horle-tdngue-Bay.
Lauras Alexandria, Genuvina, the true
• ; Bay of Aletxandrina.
Jacobtea Marina inca* na. Sea Ragwort;
Azedarach, the Bead-Tree.
Piracantha.
The MarraCo'ek-'.of Virginia, PiftatiaVir-. ginienfis Trifolia \ the three leaved Virginian Bladder-Nut.
Jalminanum Virginia-num, the Virginian jafmine.
With many other Sorts.
At winch Places you may be li^emfe Furnijhedmth Spades, "Hoes, Reels, Lines, Sheers, Sythes, Wyre-Sieves, Watxipg-Po^rs^Bjfs-Mats, Melon-Guiles, &c. Proper for the Vfe of Gardiners: As alfo, With ell fortsof Fruit-Trees, and fiver-greens j and. Artichoke, ATparagus, Liquor ice, Cguly-^f/.rers, Cabbage, and Tarragon Plants.
mAn Alphabetical TABLE.
„ ] A: I H
AConiteSjwJe Wolfsbane	Page
African Marigold	1 128
' A	&5
Gilded	6$
.....	.. Tjpit; tQ r^paoye\ n ^76
Altfanders ‘‘	y. '	18.7
Almonds Dwarf	8$
jibbea Fruticoja, vide Shriib Mallow jimaranthus Purpureas	r \ 12$
Common . :ro ,. /	134
\tfpipmumPlinii	,‘r ■	142
Anemopes.' »	' to6
, Early 108	* | . Late . iop
Antipathy pf Plants	2 34
fa$errhinuin ~;vide Snapdragon&
Apples of Love 131 > I , \Aqua Ceteftis ^2'pp
Arfh.....-5«Ka.	oJH i-,1
Arbours ■-	33	,?	, 64
jT .	3 5	1 •’.’»lO	4 "» ' *r
Time to remove“ . , r V	1
/trhor Jude> vide Judas Tree "1' jdrbor Vitae	r p, . .	' Cj
p Time to remove J ' "	. .77
J^rtiphoaks ^	.	...	v
. Their^orderlhg	v7	JS4
- Late	a,i ,l~, '«ft
Artichokes of Jerufalem	163
AlTss Dung 208	.... Alpara^us f jo
-Their ordering	■	151
T 4	Afphothe fABLE.
Afphodils 102	Aviary 57
Auricula’s' jr A'T • ?	j 122
Blew Borage leaved	*	145
%
BJLauftium, y}de Pomegranate
."Balm ' " ’	£ ,.91
BalfamApple	-ill
Banquetting-Houfe, •vide plea{ure-hou%^ Jy Bay-Tree	^	61
. When andhOwto plant and remove 76 Rofe-Bay 135-	Bafil ;	191
Batchelors button ^ :.r .,	' SE ‘’.W *5^
Beans	17o
Bean Trefoyl	* ,	^	89
Bears ears., vide Auricula*«
Bears-ears Sanicle	^
Bee-flowers 103	m Beets 16;
To keep long .	- V - 164
Bell flowers 13 j _ jn.v -Bindweed 128 Blewbottles -	“ "„Vt ,	'13.J
Blood to mix Widi earth	:■ 203
Bloodwort 189	Bma Vifias \ijz
Bones to mix with earth , r.Sc^___	204
Double Virgins-bower, / - |fifln(H v . 90 Bpxtree *	"v;~	':J*'*VUC‘	&
' When and how to Plant	' : 77
Gilded Box	^ ^	x»
Brick-wallsj and their manner, of bailing 19 FlowerofBrifiol	0 ‘ r 131
Brpoklime	192
%/anijh Broom I ' v- '	‘89
Bujbous-rooted Flower§ ~ r	102-
Bug'Tbe TABLE.
Buglofi Burnet '
Barrage
C
/^>Abbage
. . To keep long
Calceoltts Maria, vide Ladies-flipper. Gamomil Doubly Campions Candy Tufts Caraways Carrots
To keep long
Cafe anea Equina
- Time to remove Caterpillars todeftroy Caterpillars to prevent Cauly-flowers Caulworts Cedar
. Time to remove Celaftrus	, .
Time to remove ~
Chalky Land
; ^ ‘ Its improvement ‘ Champignons Cherry double flower’d , Chrift’s Thorn
Time to remove 77 Chards of Artichokes Of Beets Chervil 187
187
191
187
17*
176
*91
H
ib,
189
160
161
73 77
178
, *75*, 178 64 76
21
76
9
IZ
19}
9r
74
Chibbols 167
M
• i64 CifeutMas 136
CifeusThe 7JPL&
4 C&m Ledon	a
Cfe Land	. i*
>< j Its improvement	&
Clary	^	189
Go^ftmary	‘	\}9^
Coichicum3 vide Meadow on •
Columbines	426 :<:r.. fvN‘: Convolvulus J2&
Cptn-fallad 186 “	' " Cornflags
(frepn Corn	. 192
Cor tufa Mattbiolf vide Bears Sanicle Cpwflips 124	Cranes JiJl ; ,‘jtai
Careen CrelTes	, ,jS8
Indian Crefles	f ib.
Water CrelTes	x . r /p 192
Crgcus	*	, aM
- Crown Imperial	,.	‘f "ioo
Cucumbers	T .-■>	1
Cutting of Plants often ff “ *;	'*;^22
Cyclamen, vide Sowbread '
Cyprofe Tree	*" £Si B1199
Time to remove	f l p74
Cjtifus, vide Bean trefoyl^
Cyttjus Lunatus	* H ■ -1 - jfb$f
DAffbdils	W'C*l"v'“	gp
Daifies double	4 ^ r>t	4 131
Deers dung	- « ■	| j a©3
Dill	.,.	,	fSp
Dittany	‘	> ;
Dog-tooth'd Violet	•' « 103
Dog Fennel double	.
Dids	56
E.The TABLE.
E.
EArth enriched
By mixtures Earthen Walls Elder embroidered Elder Buds Endive
Endive to blanch Elichalots Efculents EughTree
Time to remove Exotick Plants Experiments
F.
I "^Esthers to mix with earth Featherfew double Fennel
Fennel Flower Fences Indian Fig
Fi/h to mix with Earth Firr-Tree
Time to remove Corn Flags
Fle/h to mix with Earth Flowers their ules Flower de Luce Flower of the Sun Flower Trees Flower Pots
Flowers of variety of Colours	* ■
Watring them
*95
202
2r
70
*9*
187
242
168
*45
63
76
132
222
203
*3*
189
131
19 136
203
'l
m
102
203
6
ioy
131
7»
S6
234
216
Eoun-The TAB LE,
Fountains	43
Fox gloves Fraxinella/vide Dittany	
Fritillary G,	96
/^•Ardens of Pleafiire vJ Their influence on the mind	' i
	2
Their original	ibid.
:; - , Their ufe and excelency -1 z Their Scituation	ZAA 7
- Neceffary defence	8
■;... soil	9
r ? I Form	14
*.- Contrivance	17
Garlick	167
Gelder Role	82
^Gentianella	126
Geranium	142
Gilliflowers	112
(J V Late	116
■ Tograff	117
Todefend	; ibid.
,'Stock-Gilliflowers	Il8
‘Queen’s-Gilliflowers . ,	J3r
Gilded Plants	1 6$
. Toencreale	69
Time to remove (Gladiolusy 'We Cornflag	77
Glaftenbury-Thorn	74
; Time to remove	77
; Gnat Flowers	103
; Goats Dung	205
' Grape Flower? t	Grailthe TABLE.
Grafs-Plots	<7
Grafi-Walks	3»
Grotto’s	n
Groves their excellency H.	1%
TT Air to mix with Earth JlT Haftings	203 *7$
Hellebor	12*
Hepatica	ibid.
Herbs fweet	189
Honeyliickle	90
Holly hedge	3-6
Holly Tree	*3
Gilded	6?
Time to remove	77
Hollihocks	126
Hollow Root	131
Hoofs to mix with earth	203
Hop buds	193
Horns to mix with earth	203
Horfe-Chefnut	1 7}
Time to remove	‘77
Horfe-dung	207
Hotlpurs	*73
Hot beds	219
Humble Plant	• *3»
Hyacinths	97
Tuberous	. 242
Hypericumfrutex	, 9i
Hylbp ^			191
Hooks Lampafi	228
I. Jails-the ÏA B LÉ
ï.
JAIïèmines.
Their lèverai forts Late
Jaflèmines Indian
Spanifh
te.
î Time to remove ïmpfovement of Land By labour only £tôeet Johns'
Iris
Jucca
Judas-Tree
Junquils
Juniper-Tree
K" Eiri, vide Wall-flowers Kidney Beans ...
LAburnum3 vide Bean Trefoyl Ladies Slipper Ladies Smochs double Lang de Beuf Larkfpurs.
Yellow Lavender Lawrel \ Gilded Time to remov4
ijiurm Tinus Laurus Indien
Leather to mix with Earth
8<5
ib,
I??
ibid.
64
76
io
B
*17 104
m
89
99
■
I2j
i;r 189 Ï2 6 Ï89 191
60 67
11
61 136
Leeks1he TABLE.
Leeks	168
Lemons	142
Lettuce.;..'	..	..	*84
Lettuce to blanch	24*
Leucsium, vide Bulbous-Violet, andStoek-Gilli--flower
Lilac	; j - , 8y
Lillies	99
Gilded	68
Lilly of the Valley	124
Lime
Linn Tree, vide Tilia Liverwoort, vide Hepatic»
Loamy Land	9
Lupines	129
M.
M Altduft .	" 209
Shrub Mallow	90
Maracoc	136
Marjoram	190
Marigolds	128
Marly Lands	’	it>
Their improvement	12	;
Martagons	J0o
Marfh-Marigolds	*3*
Marvail of Peru	*29
. Marum Syriacum, or African Maftick ' 145 |
, Maftick Thyme, vide Tllyhia , Sweet Maudlin 191 Melons 18 o' ■
, Mezerion	88
i Milk to irrigate Plants withal	2*4*	>
i Mints 189	Moly .	IOZ
j Moles to deftroy .	' .	zlz 1
Monks-The TABLE
Moftks-hood.	n
Mofs to deftrov	228
Mols a great annoyance of Trees and Ground ib.	
Mounts	
Moth Mullein	i;i
Mud of Ponds	209
Mugwort Gilded	69
Mure	210
Muflirooms	193 ik
Ho w to obtain them	
Muftard Seed	189
Musk Scabious	127
Mufcaries, vide Grape-flowers Myrtles	: *3*
N.
NArciffus, 'vide Daffodils
Nafturtium Indicum, vide Greffes
Navews	HI
Neats dung	1 207
Nep	189
Nettle-tops	- I9Ä
Nigella, vide Fennel Flower	
Night Shade gilded	69
Noli me tan?ere	120
Nonmchj 'vide Flower of Brifiol O.	
/^Eelisks KJ Oleander, videRole-bay	1
Onions	i 66
To make large	22J
Orange Tree	1
To order it	I40
Ornithogalon, vide Star-flower	
	OrracfeThe TABLE.
©rrach	'189
Of making and taking of Oflf-fets,and Succours
F)Ales JL Pallifades	23 ' ik
Parfiey	188
Parfnips	’ i6r
Paliurus	74
Time to remove	86, 87
Roman Parfnip	163
Patience	187
Peach-Tree double flowered	9i
Peafe	170
Peafe-tops	192
Peafe everlafting	130
Pellitory double	131
Penny-royal	191
Peony	. hi
Perception in Plants	
Periploca	9°
Periwinkle gilded Vbalangium3 'vide Spiderwort •	68
Phi lofophical Earth	196
Phylirea	61
Gilded	68
Time to remove .	77
Pidgeons dung	.208
Pines to remove Pinks Pilewort Pipe-Tree, vide Lilac	76 117 131
Pipes of Elm	• BH
V	OfThe TABLE.
Of Lead	38
Of Earth	: :	1 :*$c	- 39
Plants to come late	222
To defend —	.223
- To continue long	t 224
To meliorate	ibid.
To propagate by cutting	240
. To propagate by circumpofition ibid. Plants to defend from Ants	227
Platahus	'	• /	71
Time to remove	v • ••' -	77
Pteafare-houfes	r,	r :	34
Pomegranate double bloflbto’d	--	87
Pampeons	183
Potato’s	r-	163
Poppies	'	127
LtWtfw-pride	v J	IJ7
Pfifnrofes	* .	124
Princes Feather., vide Common Amaranthm
185;
26
t-‘ : V- 77
|r
Purflam Pyracantha - ‘ For a Hedge Time to remove
m
Uick Fences
Qi
R.
RUnning of Colours Radilhes Horfe Radilhes Rampions7 Ramions S Ranunculus Indian Reed
•y *
164
16$
189
no
13g
Re-T	be
Removing of Plants often Repofitory for tender Plants Rivers their pleafure Rockets Roots Efculent Roiemary Gilded
Time to remove Roles and their variety Their ordering Early Roles Late Role-bay
SAffron-flowers or Meadovv-faffron Sage
Sage of Jerufalem Sallad-herbs
To raife a Sallad in few hours Salts Saltpetre Sandy Land
Its improvement.
Savory
Sattin Flower
Saw-duft
Satyrions
Scabious
Scallions
Sceleri
Scorfonera
Seafons of Sowing
Seats in a Garden
V 2
222
40
131
64
68
77
79
1
84
ibid.
lol
190 189 184 219
209 213
10
ib.
191
17.1
210 103
17.1 166 .187 !$?■ m
% 3
SeedsThe TABLE.
Seeds* good,, to know	226
Se7ia-TrcQ, its lèverai kinds .	89
Senfible Plant	,	i^0
Sheeps-dung	20 y
Sives ,	169
Scarlet Beans	•	. 130*171
Skins to mix with	earth	20;
Skirret	.	162
Smalledge	188
Snap-dragon	127
Snails to deftroy '	225"
Snow-drop* vide Bulbous Violet Soot to mix with earth	205
Sorrel ,	187
What Weather to low in .•	238
Sowbread	103
Spiderwort	102
Spinage	. 186
Spireafrutex d	'	89
Springs	■ 37, ?8
.Squalhes	: .	184
Star-flower of Arabia	! ■ ■ • •	ibid.
Of zÆthiopa T\'	•	•. 1 •	ibid.
^Star-flowers \	98
Statues	5*4
Stock-gilliflowers	118
: Tomake double	119
Free-ftone-Crop	;	64
Time to remove	77
Stone-Wails* and	their building	, 20
Stoves of lèverai lorts	141
Straw to mix with earth :	21°
Strawberries	. T	189
s. V	Straw-T1 TABLE.
Strawberry-Tree
Time to remove Succory
Succors cutting off Succors to blanch Sugar Pea(e
Sultan'* Flower, •vide Musk Scabious Sweetbriar
H
77
187
239
247
173
2 6
Swines dung Sympathy of Plants Syringa, vide Lilac
T.
TAnfie
Tarragon
Tender Plants to fit them dry.
Terrace-Walks
GIobe-Thiftles
Thorny Apple
Thyme
Maftick Thyme Tillage encouraged
Its Obie&ions answered
Tilia
Time to remove
Toad-flax 131	Tobacco
Trees for Ornament For Shade
Trees bearing Flowers Tuberous rooted Flowers Turnips
To keep long Tulips
How to order 93 Tulips early
107
234
188
227
3*
■
B
190
146
ibid.
*47
72
77
210
59
71
78
ic6
M8
159
92
9 4 V.The TABLE,
V.
BUlbous-Violet Violets
Virginian Silk Urine to mix with Earth W,
WAlks round Square Of Gravel Of Stone Of Graß Terrace- Walks Wall-flowers Waters Water-works Fat Waters Watring of Gardens By Filtration Watring-pots
To preferve them White thorn hedge Sweet Williams Winter-Greens
Rotten Wood to mix with Earth Woodbinds, vide Honey-fuckies Wolfs-bane
Woollen Rags to mix with Earth Wormsto deftroy	zio, 225
99
189
M7
203
17
28
27
30
31 118
37
46
211
ibid.
216
217
218
II7
S9
210
131 204 ,2 6t
THE END.Some Booby fold by Tho. Dring.
T'he <SMyftery of Husbandry DISCOVERED.
Treating of the feveral new and moft Advantagi-ous Ways of X,tiling,Planting,Sowing,Manuring,Order* ing, Improving of all forts ol Gardens, Orchards, Meadows,Paftures, Corn-Lands,Woods, and Coppices. As alfo of Fruits, Corn, Grain, Pulfe, New-Hays, Cattle, Fowl, Beads, Bees, Silk-Worms, Filh, (3c.
Within Account of the foveral
and dt$UlC0 ufod in this Profeffiorr.
To which is added
Kalendarium Kujlicum ; ,
OR, THE J
Husbandman’s Monthly DIR E C TIONS.
ALSO
The PROGNOSTICKS of Dearth, Scarcity, Plenty, Sicknels, Heat, Cold, Froft, Snow, Winds, Rain, Hail, Thunder, (3c.
AND
Diclionarium Rufticum:
O F, T H E
Interpretation of Ruflichffenns.
The whole Work being ef great ufe and Advantage to all that delight in that moft Noble Pratftile.
The Fourth Edition carefully Corrected and Amend-edy with one whole Seiiion added, and many large and itfeful Additiont throughout the whole Work.
By/.	Woolridge, Gent, in Fol.Sortie Books fold by Tho. Dring.
Vinetum Britannicum
Treatife of C I D E R.
And other Wines and Drinks extracted ftomFruits growing in this Kingdom. '• With the Method of Propagating -all forts of Vinous. Fruit-Trees. And a Description of the new-invented Ingenio or Mill} for the more expeditious making of Cider. And silfo the right Way of making Metheglin ' and Birch-. Wine. To which is added, A Dijcourfe teaching the" best way of improving Bees, ■ With Copper Plates.. ' By J. Wool ridge, Gent.
The Second Impreflion much Enlarged. Oliavo.
THE
Devout Communicant,
Exemplified in his Behaviour befóYe3 at} and after thè Sacrament of the Lords .Supper3 praffically juited to all the parts of that Solemn Qfdinance.
The Sixth Edition much Còrre&ed. Twelves^
The Whole Duty of a Chriftian :
Containing all things necejjarf3 both as to what he is to know and do for the obtaining a happy Eternity : To which is added3 more particular Directions how to prepare for a comfortable Death, Twelves.
All four Sold by Thomas Dring, at the Harrow over àgainft the Inner-Temple-Cate in Fleet-fireet.
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