lkx‘ 5L fl :., .. PL f ~ . ‘ . ‘ The Gift of Beatrix Farrand . 4 . to the General Library . \ University of California, Berkeley - ' . . ’ x g \ r n z I! ' \ x s \ , 0 ' . ‘ 7 ‘ \ ~ \ ~ / ; . , ‘ C ‘ / \ I J ‘ ‘ \ ' - ‘7 r 4 . \ ~\ . ' V y - _ 1 - 1 x . ‘ a ‘ 4 N , \ ///// f? .I{////////// ‘ “ 7/44, My 7/, “A 4/4 "M // ////¢ .1 ,/ ///7////% fl/// // // 7/7 W//// I/ r: /. \ ’ i /////// // // "/// \\ \\\\\\\\ SQ $€\\\\‘\\:\§\x§w Q \ ‘ \ m“ \ ixNxxw r ; , § 2- 7 W" ; :V/I 6&3de .W M177“ ?& _ *r‘ ‘\\\\ ”W... ‘. ///////,A ’ n ‘- 7’ \ \\\\\\“ V :5 \ \ i. ‘2: \ . 0772/ ‘\ \\‘\\\‘\‘\‘\ - \ >\‘\;\«“ _ I| \\‘ ‘ \\\\\€¥:\\ ‘\ 2\ ‘ ' ‘ \‘I \ \‘Q\\\\\\V\ §\\ \ :\ y. J. ‘ ‘5 _ \\ ~ \\\ 2 >3‘ |\>\ > g\\\\\\2\§§\ H k \“ \ \\ ”‘91“ \!\*\:\\\\\ .\ -; a 2 ‘ W“§\\\\§ v ‘ \\\'\\\ &\\\‘ 5‘ . \ \V . .. \\ ‘22-: ...\ \\ \ 31% :: \ I. ‘ 2 ; \‘ \\2 §'~\\§ .. C\‘\\\\ \ . :\;:\\\\\\\\\:\:\: 3?“ A: * " -l.‘\ _ :\\\ \~ g; ’_ .. : “WEE 5g ,. “us“. \‘ V: “ 2» ’ ”ii/1% ”W if \ \\\\\\\~‘\:\\\\\\\‘\\‘\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\ > /.\ : ‘\ M \ ~ \\ ' V :‘ 1‘ . . \\\\‘ ~~ ‘T x 23 ‘ \ §WW\ 3V ‘\‘ ‘\\\\\\.“\\§\\I\\\\\\‘\\H\n \\\\\\\\\\\(: \‘\\ ‘~ :rm MN ,\ \\ x \2 .\ \\\‘ ‘\ \ I I \\,/‘\\'\\\\ \l’: v: \ \I \\\ \\\\\‘\\“\\£'§‘\/\\§~ \\\ \ .’\‘y\\\\\/"\\KN \\‘32\\<\\\\ \ A ,\ 9’ : \ \\\\\\\\\\§\‘.. , ‘ I 7 //7 I l/E/ ‘I/////_g/ /: “/x’////// '3’“ ‘1 ////////////////// / 7/? V/ y/////// 2 ‘a // :5: /.~ \ ‘ “.\\u:;\: 45:- \\ gw\\\\§_ \ \ \\‘\ §x r -: \\ \\2 :\ '\ :f :\\\\\\:\\\>:\\ " _ s \ \ _\\\\\3 7// /// raj-(”10,47 I”, _ V, V 2 . / a” ' / ‘ fw :\\\\}\\\\\\: : A \ ‘ W— :: \.\\\\\\\ 1‘ ~ . . \x‘\\\\\\\\ \4 \«fl o‘7'=~ 0/0,: ‘\\\\\\\:\ ‘ i9!“ : "lllllll .: r‘——_}\\\\\ : :‘: \\ j K ‘2’2\\\\\\\ \: ., \ -: : :\ - ”I, \\:\\\\ ‘ \«»w\\\\\\§;\\\\\\\\\\\\\ \\\\\\\‘\\\\\\\\\ .IIII-I 'I". :\\\\ \s:l\ ‘ : \ :7 \\ _ \ t \\ 2N ‘ ‘ I . \_ \\\\ \\\\ \, \ \\>\ \\\\\\\\\\\ ¥ \ 5\\\\\\ ’ ,~‘;‘.\ I *~\ \\ '2'5!§§“x t 4 , K .V ,, ~- \ W :\\\\\\“*\\\\\ 1‘. 1% \III‘II I \\‘\\: 2:- \ _ 1‘2“" H» 1J1 irwin , ~ ‘ ‘ . 4(1.\:(z.u.!«\‘ fl ,. . «u t: 7., ,lvetfi§.4fi, OF THE. CITIES 0F ‘ LO DON and WESTMINSTER, And the Borough of SOUTHWARK. CONTAINING The Ori nal, Antiquity, Increafe, prefent State and Government of thOfe ' CITIEs Written at firfi in the Year 1698, By J hn Stow, Citizen and Native of London. Correé’tcd, Improved, and very much Enlarged, in the Year 1720,.» BY JOHN STRY‘PE, M.A. A NATIVE ALSO OF THE SAID CITY. The Survey. and Hifiory brought down to the prefent Time by BWY' CLAIKIEFIJI, IIIIDII)S Illuf’c ted with exaét Maps of the City and Suburbs, and of all the Wards; and likewife, of the Out—Parilhes of London and Wef’cminlter, and the Country ten Miles rou London. Together with many fair Draughts of the molt Eminent Buildings. The Lif Of the Author, written by Mr. Strype, is prefixed; And, at the End is added, an A P P E N D I X Of - rtain Traéts, Difcourfes, and Remarks on the State of the City of London. TOGETHER WITH A Perambulation, or Circuit-Walk four or five Miles round about LON DON, to the Parifh Churches : Defcribing the Monuments Of the Dead there interred : With other Antiquities Obfervable in thofe Places. And a large IN D E X of the Whole Work. P E A c E ée Within #3} Walls, and .. P L E N T E O U s N E s s wit/1m tlgy Palaces. Pfal. cxxu. 7. In TWO VOLUMES. VOL. I. The SIXTH EDITION. LONDON; Printed for W. INNYS and J. RICHARDS-ON, J. and P. KNAPTON, S. BIRT, R. W. MEADOWS, J. CLARKE, H. WHITRIDGE, D. BROWNE, E. W'IOKSTEED, MDCCLIV. WARE, T. and T. LONGMAN, J. WARD, and C. BATIIURST. §M W! 1391K): ~:;U THE. F E STOW“ THE L I JOHN I Where bah. The Slow: an. tient Citizens. gipart. Pat. 2. Ed. III. His Paren- tage. Father and Grandfather Citizens. AUT H’O R. Written by Mr. S T R Y P Ea H E Antiquarian, 701m Stow, the Au; 4 thor of the Annals of England, and the Survey of London, was born in that City: And, as he thereby became a CitiZen of no mean City, fo he requited the H04 nour, by retrieving f0 many noble and notable Remarks of it, and recovering fo much of its an- cient Hiltory, as are treafured up in his Books. The Name of Stow was ancient, and of long Continuance in the City ; and probably of the F a— mily whereof he came. There was one Henry Stow, Draper; to whom Sir 7ohn flhel, Knight, in the I 3th of Edward the Second, demifed all that capital Mefiuage, called Cold Harhour, in Dow- gate Ward, in the Pariih of fllhallows ad Fomum, as it was then called, and all the Appurtenances within the Gate and the Key, [for bringing up Goods from the Water-fide,] as Stow himfelf writeth in that Ward. Which makes it appear that he was fome wealthy Merchant. There was alfo, in the fame King’s Reign, one yohn de Stowe, aChurchman, who had a I’refen- tation from him to the Church of Rotherfez'ld. But, whether our Stow were derived from thefe, it is uncertain : But certain it is, that as St. Paul made it his Boaf’c as to the Flelh, that he was an Hehrew of the Hehrews, fo j‘ohn Stow was a Citi- zen born of Citizens of London. For both his F a- ther and his Grandfather were Citizens, and Tradefmen of good Subitance and Credit, dwell- ing in Cornhz'll, the chief Place of Trade and Cre- dit in the City: And both lying buried in St. Michael’s Cornhz'll Church, under Monuments. Thomas Stow, his Grandfather, buried about the Year 1526 ; and Thomas Stow, his Father, in the Year I 55 , as himfelf writes in Corn/Jill Ward. Ando what Company, Qiality, and Wealth his Grandfather was, and the Legacies that in his fuperftitious Devotion he left, may be feen‘ in his laft Will -, which I have inferted inthefiSarvey, where the Mention of his Burial is made, viz. in St. Michael’s Cornhill. - In this Parifh therefore we may conclude otir Antiquarian was born. Of the Monuments in the Church there, of the Benefaétors, and Acci- dents of the faid Pariih, he is in his Survey more exaét and particular than any where elfe. And one Thing among the refi: I may mention, being f0 very obfervable‘, which he heard his Father of— ten tell concerning fomewhat which fell out in the Steeple of that Church, famous in thofe Times, as it is illili, for a good Ring of Bells: 'viz. That, on St. 7amer’s Day, a dreadful Tem- peft of Thunder and Lightning happened, while the Ringers were ringing. And fuddenly there came in at the fouth Window an ugly-(hapen Sight, and Light on the north Side. Prefently the Ringers, for Fear, let go their Bells; and all fell down, and lay as dead for the Time. And, when they came to themfelves, they found certain Stones of the north'_Window to be razed and fcratched, as if it had been fo much Butter, print: ed with a Lion’s Claw, as Stow’s Exprefiion is. One of thefe Ringers,- who was alive when State was a young Man, often verified the fame to him as a Truth. ' Thefe Stones Were faftened there again, and fo remained long after : Which Stow faith he often faw, and put a Feather or fmall Stick into the Holes where the Claws had entered, and found them two or three Inches deep. - His Mother was Margaret Stow : Who made His Mother, her lafi Will, yane the 27th, I 568. Proved the Marga”! Thirteenth of Ofloher following. Therein it ap- €33“; limit 1 .7 egi v Land. peareth, that fhe had Sons, two 7ohn: ; one whereof was her eldeft Son, and both alive when ihe made her Will, to whom {he gave Legacies -, and Thomas, whom {he made her Executor, and ll/z'lliam Stow : Her Daughters, johan, Margaret,- flliee. She bequeathed her Body to be buried by her Hufb’and, in theParifh of St. .Mz'ehael’s Cornhz'll, in the Cloilier :. And thirty Shillings, to bury her decently. Ten Shillings upon her Children and F riends, to drink withal after her Funeral. To the Poor, in Bread, five Shillings. To the Com!- pany of T allow-Chandlers, to follow her Corpfe to the Church, fix Shillings and eight Pence: With thefe pious Words for her Soul, void ofthe Superfiition commonly ufed in thofe Times a ‘ I bequeath my Soul unto Almighty God, my ‘ Maker and Creator ; and to his only Son, our ‘ Lord yefns Chrifl, my only Saviour and ReA ‘ dee‘mer; with the Holy Ghoi’t; and into the ‘ F ellowfhip of the Holy Holt of Heaven’. She had a Son, named Thoma: Farmer. To all her Children {he gave Legacies: But unto 7ohn, the Eldei’t, the lead, *vz'z. fiVe Pounds. In this Parifh then, we take for granted, Stow Born when. was born -, and that about the Year I 525, in the 17th of Henry the Eighth. His Godfathers were Edmund Trindel and Rohert Smith 3 and Margaret, the Wife of PVz'llz'am Diekfon, Godmother. For fo he‘himfelf fets it down in the firf’t Edition of . his Survey, though left out afterwards: Whofe faid Godfathers had Monuments in the faid Church . of St. .Mz'ehael; as his faid Godmother and her Hulband had in the Cloifier belonging to that Church, lying once under a fair Monument fez up for them, but fince defaced. Thefe, no doubt, were wealthy Tradefmen, and his Father’s good Neighbours in Cornhz'll: Vv’ho, though he lived here for the Sake of his Calling, yet was of fuch Rank and Ei’tate, that he had a Garden to gis Father's amm. a , retire @151 ii Storw , his Trade. TheLifeofJOHN Stow. retire to for his Pleafure and Diverfion, fituate on the Backfide of Throgniorton-flreet, in Brood-flreet W'ard, near to’tha‘t‘Place which is now" the ”Dro- per: Hall : VVhiqh then was the Houfe offSir Tho- mas Cromwell, ‘King Henry the Ez‘ghth’s great Mi— nil’ter and Secretary of State. For which Garden he paid 6 s. 8 d. yearly Rent; and it confii’ted of, above ferry—four Feet in Length. Here a remarkable Matter ha pened, which his Son yohn‘afogiiewhere relateth, thewing the PoWer and arbitraéy Proceedings of the great Men in thofé Times. The Bufmefs was this: A Garden-houfc, clofe by his fouth Pale or Wall, flood fomewhat in Cromwell’s Way, and obfirut‘ted his Convenience: Therefore, without any more ado, or having the Lc'a‘Ve of therPrb- prietor, his Workmen loofed it from the Fodnda— tion, and bare it upon Rollers, and ran it twenty- . two F ect into Mr. Stow’s Gardenebfifolfi h? heard any Thing of it: Who, aftetwatdsifpeaking to the Surveyors of Cromwell’s \Vorks, had nothing but this Anfwer given him, That Sir Thomas com— manded them to do it: And none durl’c ‘arguelthe‘ Matter. Notwithflanding his Father.was fain to continue to pay his old Rent,*without any Abate: ment for his Garden, though Half of ‘it was in this Manner taken away; 2‘ .. ‘ = ' ' ‘2“ ' 7ohr Stow feemed to follow’his Father’s Trade and Calling, Whatever it wereg In a Letter of Grindnl, Billlop of London, to the Privy Council, concerning a Search that was made by his Chap~ lain in Stow’s Houfe, for‘ Papiftical Books, he called himStow the Taylor; which perhaps might be more than barely relating to the Company of Merchant~~Taylors,whereof he’ was free: It might befpeak him a Taylor by Trade: Since in for— mer Times, in Corn/hill, Men of that Occupation lived, and had their Shops; who were then of more Reputation and Wealth than of later Times i thofe of that Calling are. . In Danger by Perjury. Stow lives againft the Pump within A/dgalt’ . ,» One Peter Mofon, a Taylor, lived in this Street, and was a‘good Benefaétor to St. Peter’s Cornhill. And one Atwood, Draper, that lived over-againf’t Strllrliehdel’s Church, in Stow’s Time, and, as it feems, a Man of Credit and Wealth, was of this Trade, and had his. Stall, as well as his Houfe, there: Whofe Wife, a Chantry Priel‘r, belonging to the faid Church, debauched ; which the Hufband, coming up to fetch a Prefling—iron, difcovered; but he was even with him, by ma— king him to leap out of a Window, as Well as 'other fevere Shame and Punifhment taken'on him. Thefe Shopkeepers, as they'fold Cloth out of the Piece, f0 they feemed alfo fometimes to make and fit it up for Wearing. And in Birehin-lone, and along thence in Cornhill, weftward, lived Up— holders or Frippers -, that is, fuch as fold Appa- rel and old'Houfliold-fiufli .The'fe were not of equal Credit with the Drapers and T aylors, but yet their Trades came near. ' In the Year 1544, Stow was in fome great Dan— ger; by Reafonof a falfe Accufation, given in again'fthim by a Prieft; but the Priel’t’s Perju- ry, either-,againft him or fome other, at length was difcovered, and met with a due Defert -, the Prielt being. adjudged in the Stor-ehonther to fraud upon the Pillory, and have his Cheek marked with F11, for Fol/2’ Aloenflng. , How foon Stow removed from Cornhill is un- certain 3 but in the 3d of Edward the Sixth, that is, Anna '1549, I find him dwelling by the Well within {fidg’otn where now a Pump flandeth be- tween Leadenholl-flreetand Fenchnro'h-flreet. "While he lived here, a Rebel-lion and Infurreétion hap- pened in many Places of Eglond, and particular- ly in Norfolk and Snfiol/r; and fpreading to fome One executed Parts of Efl’x, one of which County happened to there at his own Dear. be executed upon a Gibbet in the Pavement be- fore Stow’s Door, by martial Law g and that by 2 the wrongful Accufation of one Sir Stephen, Cu» rate of Cree-Church, a zealous but fantaftical Man. This poorTMan, being the Bailifl‘ of Rmnford, had the Misfortune to come to‘Tovc/n in the Heat of thefe Brd’ils, and to light intothe Company of the faid Sir Stephen’ -, who alked, What News .9 He told him, that many were up in Eflx -, but that, Thanks be to God, Things were in good Qiiet about them. But, whatever Surmife Sir Stephen had againlt this Man, of whatever Miltake he made of his: Words, he prefently goes and informs againf’t him, as though he" were concerned in ’the Rebellion , a Man very well beloved and of good Report, where he lived. But he' was brought the very next Morning before a Court—Martial, and fentenced 'imm'ediatelypto be hanged in the Parifh upon a Gibbet, fet up in the Place before named: And fo was brought early by the She: riffs of London and. the. Knight Marfhal; where Stow, {landing at his olwn Door, faw the lad Sight, a‘nd heard him fpeak to this Elfeét, “ That “ he was come thither to die, but knew not for “ what Offence, except for words by him fpoken “ Yel’ternight to Sir Stephen, the Citrate and “ PreaCher of , that P-ariih {which were thefe, “ That afking him, What News in the Coun- “ try? He anfwered, Heavy News : And, when “ the other faid, What? He replied, there were ‘~‘ many Men up in Efli’x, but that, Thanks be “ to God, all was in good-@iet about them. “ And this war all, faid he, or God he my fudge. But Sir Stephen, faith Stow, to avoid the Reproach ofthe People, left the City, and was never heard of fince to his Knowledge. Of this Prieft, Stow living inthat Parilh, tells other odd Things, thew- ing his Zeal, but little Difcretion. Afterward Stow removed his Dwelling into Lime-flreet Ward, in the Parilh of St. Andrew’s, where he Continued till his Death, following his beloved Study of the Hiltory and Antiquity of England more than his Trade : By Occafion whereof he reduced himfelf at halt to fome Streights. . Let me add here a Piece of Service he did for this \Vard -, which was, that he fhewed the true Bounds of it, there efpecially where Bi/hopfgote Ward had incroached on this Ward of Lime-jtreet, and taken in three Houfes and certain Land near London Wall, that were fituate Weft of the Cha- pel of St. flngnflines Popey ; which he vindicated to belong to this Ward, and neither to Aldgnte Ward. on one Side, nor to Bz/hopfgote Ward on the other ; both which contended for them. And that he did by certain old Leafes and Grants, and efpecially by the Book of the faid Popey. And perhaps'it is that very Book, that is to this Day kept in the Cotton Library. He fhewed thence to the Contenders about it, how there was a Grant from the Mayor and Aldermen of London, the 6th of Edward the Fourth, to the Fraternity of the Pa- pey, ‘ of certain Grounds both calf and well, of ‘ a Brick Wall that the Mafier and Wardens of ‘ the fame had made, to clofe in the Chapel of ‘ St. flngnjlines, called the Pope), Chapel, fituate ‘ in the Parifh of fill Saints in the Wall, in the ‘ Ward of Lime-firm; for which they were to ‘ yield to the City 4 d. Sterling every Mehoolntor. ‘ And f0 it was enrolled in the Guildhall, London, ‘ as he found in the faid Lih. Popie” ; which was a fuflicient Proof, that fome Plot of Ground, which is, no @efcion, now much improved by Building, to be of Lime-flue: Ward. And again, when once flldgote Ward had claimed this Plot of Ground, the fame Stow fhewed them a fair Led- ger Book, fome Time pertaining to the Priory of the Holy Trinity within Aldgote, wherein were fet down the juf’t Bounds of Aldgote Ward, before Sir Thomas Ofli'ey, Alderman of Aldgote Ward; Sir Rowland Hayward, Alderman of Lizne-jz‘reet Ward ; " the Stow lives in Lime —/lreet Ward . Vindicates the Bounds of this Ward at the Wall. 7am» 0/10 Has-d ow the Common-Council and Wardmote of the fame \Vard: VVhereupon Sir Thomas Ofiiey gave over his Challenge until the Year 1579, wherein Sir Ri— e/oard Pype, Mayor and Alderman of Bz'floopJfgate Ward, challenged the forefaid Houfes to be of his Ward. Whereunto, faith Stow, without Reafon lhewed, Sir Rowland Heyward yielded. And fo he plainly leaveth upon Record, that the Side of the Street, almoft to Bz'jbopfgate, is unjuftly drawn, and with—holden from the Ward of Lime-ftreet. , I find him here {till inhabiting in this Ward, thlulier A'mzo I 585. In which Year there was a great grime 1/31,“; Muf’ter of Soldiers in London before Qaeen Eli- Ward. [abet/o, confifting of four .Thoufand Men, which ' the City fet forth and furnifhed with Arms. For bearing the Charge whereof, certain Sums of’ Money were levied upon the Citizens in their fe- veral Wards. In Lime-flreet Ward were two Col- leétors, whereof 7010a Stow was one, as one George Sporting was the other -, who accordingly paid in their Colleétions into the Hands of one W'z'ltz'bram, appointed as it feems thereunto. The Credit and good Efieem Mr: Stow had in the Place where he lived appeared by this Trufl: repofed in him. But now to return a little back, and to take fome particular View of our Antiquarian’s La- bours and Searches in the Eaglzfln Hiltory. It was about the Year I560 he addr'elfed all his Cares and Cogitations to thefe Searches, for the He_ is a Col- letlor for a. Colleéis Hi- fior y. Compofing of a Chronicle. The greatef’t Part of . his Time, from hence to his Death, he employed in collecting fuch Matters of this Kingdom, as he thought worthy to be recommended to Pofie- rity; which was forty Years and upwards. Archbifliop Indeed, after fome Time he began to be dif- I‘farévr, his couraged, and to lay afide thefe Studies, and to Encourage“ fall more diligently upon his Calling. Perhaps, becaufe of the little Gains that came of thefe Con- templations, and the great Charge of purchafing M88. and the Necefiity of looking after a Sub— fiftance, and Provifion for his Family. But Archbifhop Parker, who, as he was a great Friend of thefe Studies himfelf, fo a Patron of others that addicted themfelves thereunto, excited him to go on, and was a good Benefactor to him, as ‘ he gratefully upon Occafion acknowledged. And, namely, in his Dedication of his flmzats to Arch- bilhop W/oitgz'ft, he faith, That he was hereunto induced, for that his worthy Predeceffor, and his efpecial Benefaétor, Archbifhop Parker, animated him in the Courfe of thofe Studies, which other- wife he had long fince difcontinued. But that ex- cellent Prelate died, and left him to f’truggle with his former Difcouragements. He worfled indeed hereby his paternal Ef’tate, negleéted his Bufinefs, and was expofed alfo to the Cenfures and Back- bitings of Critics, and other Evil-difpofed Men -, which is fuggef’ted by Edmund Howes, that fet out, with Enlargements, Stoeo’s Chronicle, after his Death -, who, in his Preface, mentioned fome, that, when he, the faid Howey, had moved, them to go on in a Continuation of Stow’s Books, one cried he could not fee, how, in any civil Aétion, a Man lhould fpend his Travel, Time, and Mo— ney worfe than in that, acquiring no Regard nor Reward, except Backbiting and Detraétion. An— other fwore an Oath and faid, that he thanked God he was not yet mad, to wal’te his Time, fpend 2001. a Year, trouble himfelf, and all his - Friends, only to gain Affurance of endlefs Re— proach, Lofs of Liberty, {996. hinting perhaps, hereby, what poor Mr. Stow at laf’t was reduced to. But to proceed to further Accidents of this Man’s Life. He was looked upon as no great Friend to the Reformation of Religion; but, being an Admirer of Antiquity in Religion, as well as in Hifiory, he came into fome' Trouble in the Year 1568. Report was brought to the Qieen’s Council, as though he were a fufpicious Perfon, I Stat-w’s Study fearched. ‘ Remedy againl’t them, 9.0,- H! and had-a great manv clan ErOus Books of 1‘ ”5- fhtion'm his Cuf’tody. End there-fore th§;¥:riif to Grzrldal, Billiop of London, of Whofe Diocefe Stow was, to came his Study to‘ be fearched. Watt:- the find Bifliop’s Chaplain, and Bede], Clerk to thd hcclefiaiiical' Commifiion, and one Williams, an- other Divine, were accordingly difpatched to Stow’s Houfe, where all his Books and M85. they could ‘ find were duly examined. The Report there- upon they made to the Bifhop was, That he had great (.olleéiions of his own for the Engli/lo Chro- nicles; wherein, as Watts fignified to the Bifhop he leemed to have beltowed muCh Travel. They: found alfo a great Sort of old Books printed ; fome fabulous, as of Sir Degory Triamour, &c. and a great Parcel of old MS. Chronicles, both in Parch- ment and Paper. And that, befides, he had Mif— cellaneous Trac‘is, touching Phyfic, Surgery, and Herbs, and Medicinal Recipes; and alfo fantaf’ti- cal old Popilh Books, printed in old Time; alfo’i others written in old EagZi/b on Parchment. But another Sort of Books he had more modern; of which the faid Searchers thought fit to take an In- ventory, as likely molt to touch him; and they were Books lately fet forth in the Realm, or be; yond the Sea, in DefenceofPapifiry; Which Books, as the Chaplain faid, declared him a great Fau- tor of that Religion. Some of thefe Books, the Life whereof fo taken, and fent to the Bifhop, were, A Parlament of Chrif’t, made by Thomas Hcflym. The Hatchet of Herefy, fet out by Shackloc/e. Expofition of the Creed, Ten Commandments, Pater Nofler, A't'e Maria, by Bifhop Bonner. Certain Sermons, fet forth in Print, by Edge- wortb, D. D. The Manerr of the Lift of Saints : An old printed Book. Five Homilies, made by Leonard Pollard, Pre— bendary of Worce/ter. - A Proof of certain Articles of Religion, denied by Mr. 724d]. A Book made by Dorman. , With a great many more of that Kind. How he came off now I cannot tell; but, being Accufed falfly looked upon, with a watchful and jealous Eye, befme ‘hf” knowino ris Inclinations in Religion Ifi d be was Ewefil‘mcal o ‘ o a n Commaifion. not long after, about the Year 1570, dangeroufly accufcd before the Ecclefial‘tical Commifiioners; and that by one that had been his Servant, after he had 'defrauded him of his Goods ; and now fought to deprive him of his Life too, by falfe Accufation, confifting of no lefs than fevenfcore and odd Ar- ticles. A far lefs Number would have ferved to haye difpatched a Man out of the World, if they could have been proved. The Witnefi'es againl’c him were fuch, as fome whereof had been de- teéted of Perjury, others burnt in the Hand for Felony, andvfuch-like. But neverthelefs none of thefe could fufliciently prove any one of thofe nu- merous Articles again'fl: him, before the Arch- bifhop, of Canterbury, and the other Ecclefiaftical Commifiioners, as appeared in their Regif’cer. Stow would have profecuted thefe his falfe Accufers; but he was anfwered by fome, that there was no by Means of the Statute made; which it feems favoured Informers for the Qieen. Thefe were dangerous Times to the Queen and State, by Reafon of Malecontents and tiifafiefied l’erfons to Religion, and the Pope’s Creatures; who were fent over to make Difiurhance in the Government; and had raifed a dangerous Rebel- lion in the North. And fo many/innocent Per. fons, fufpeéted to be of'the Romaa Religion, were brought ‘into Qiefiion. Which might be the Oc« cation of Stow’s Troubles. This very Thing our Antiquary feems to take His Brother ecomes his falfe Acculer. Notice of in his Chronicle of (been Mary’s Rejjgn, mm Sum). Firfl E- dit. p. 199. TheLi/Ie ofjoHN STOW. Anna t556, relating the Punifhment of a Man, that was brought from Weflminfler, with his Face to the Horfe’s Tail, and with a Paper on his Head, 'unto the Standard in Cheap -, and there let on the Pillory; and then burnt on the Cheek with the Letters F. .d. for Falfi: Aetuflng of one of the Court of Common-Plea: of Trea’fon. ‘ The like ‘ Juftice, faid he, I' once wilhed to the like Ac- ‘ cufer of his Matter and eldeft Brother.’ [Mark, This falfe Accufer of Mr. Stow was, it feems, his younger Brother, and one that ferved him in his Trade] ‘ But it was anfwered,‘ that in fuch Cafe ‘ could beno Remedy, tho’ the Accufer himfelf ‘ were, in the fame Fact, found the principal Of- ‘ fender. Where through it followed, that the ‘ Accufer never fhewed Sign of Shame, the Way ‘ to Repentance, but terribly curfed, and blafphe- ‘ moufly fwore, he never committed any fuch Aéi, ‘ tho’ the fame were regif’tred before the Honora- ‘ ble the Qieen’s Majel’cy’s High Commiflioners. ‘ And what horrible Slanders, by Libelling, and ‘ otherwife, with Threats of Murder, he daily bruit- ‘ eth againfl: me, the Knower of all Secrets, God, I ‘ mean, knoweth; unto whom I refer my Caufe; ‘ being comforted with the Sentence of the Prophet ‘ David, Fret not thyfelf with thefe cur/ed harmful ‘ Men, neither envy angrily thefi: Workers of Wich- ‘ ednefi. For like G74]: anon [hall they he cut down, ‘ and like the green frejh Bent of the Mower/hall they ‘ wither.’ Such wicked Detraétors did this inno- cent Man meet with -, and with fuch Meditations from the Scripture did he flay himfelf. And again, in his Survey in Cordwaiteer-flreet Ward, having mentioned one l/I/illiam Fitz O/hert, a Deceiver, a Murtherer, a filthy Fornicator, and, among other Crimes, a falfe Accufer of his elder Brother; who had in his Youth brought him up to Learning, and done many Things for him ; and the fad End he defervedly came to at laf’t, name- ly, drawing by the Heels to the Elms in Smith— field, and there hanged: The Author feemed here- upon to think of his own Cafe, by the Note he fet in the Margin, viz. x1 falfe fleeufler of his elder Bro— ther, in the End, was hanged. God amend, or floortly fend fueh an End, to fuoh fal/e Brethren. He hath alfo, in another Place of his Survey, - another Fling at this falfe Brother of his; viz. Faringdon Ward with- out, in Smith- field. where he was mentioning a Fuller, that dwelt at Shorediteh, that had impeached wrongfully, of Treafon, many honef’t Efquires’ and Gentlemen, in Henry the Vlth’s Days -, but was hanged, drawn, and quartered for his Pain-s, and his Head fet on Lon- don-bridge: And then, {hewing how juf’tly this Pu- nifhment was infliéted on him, quoted a Place of Scripture for it, Deut. xvi. That if the Judges, making Inquifltion, lhould find a Perfon giving falfe Witnefs againft his Brother, then they lhould do unto him. as he had thought to do unto his Brother. And here, in the Margin, Stow noteth, The Reward of a falfi Brother. And once more, having Occafion to relate a Pafl‘age that happened in Smithfield, where Chal- lenges ufed to be fought, being of like Nature with the grofs Wrong done to him by one that was his Servant, as well as his Brother, he could not forbear to apply it; viz. That in King Henry the VIth’s Time, .dnno [446, one john David, had bore falfe Witnefs againi’t his own Mailer, one Cater. an honeft Man, and well-beloved, as tho’ he had been a Traitor. And, according to the Cuf’tom of thofe Times, the Accufed challenged to fight the Accufer in Smithfield, to vindicate his own In nocency. But the Ifiite was, that Cater was (Iain by his Servant. Of which Misfortune, that none might conclude thence, that he was guilty, Stow giveth the Reafon: Which was, that his Neighbours, to fhew their Afi’ec‘tion and LOVC to him, gave him too much Wine, before he engaged the Combat; and fo became the lefs able to ma- nage his Weapon. But he addeth, that, notwith- 2 fianding, this falfe Servant lived not long unpu- nifhed, tho’ he efcaped at prefent; for he was after hanged at Tyhurn, for Felony. And then Stow maketh this Corollary, Let [all fueh falfe Aeeufere note this for Example, and look for no hotter End, without fpeedy Repentance. And, in the Margin, he takes Notice of a Proverb, taken from this treacherous David: If you firve me [0, I will call you Davy. To which I will add one PalTage more, which for fix Pounds of Tow, at a Shop‘ in Wood/treet, London, immediately fell down fpeechlefs; cafiing up at her Mouth, in great‘ Abundance, and with horrible Stink, the fame Matter, which by Na; ture’s Courfe fhould have been voided downwards, till {he died. And then he adds, .4 terrihle Ex— ample of God’s ju/t 7udgment upon fueh as make no Confeienee of Swearingr fol/ly again/l their Brother. England, under the feveral Kings thereof, and a Survey of the City of London, his native Place. And, to furnifh him with the former,- he got into his Poffeflion as many of the ancient Engli/h Wri- ters, both Prints and Manufcripts, as ever he could by Money or Favour; and feemed at length to have gotten the Mal’tery of them, and digefted them for hisUfe: And-had fo thoroughly conver- fed with them, that he was able to give a critical Charaéter of all his Authors. Which may appear in his Defcriptions he fet down of many of them, before his Summary of Chronicles. his Knowledge in Hifiory; I mean, all the fa- mous Studiers and Lovers of Antiquity, in his Time; as Archbilhop Parker, the Mafier of An- tiquarians, Lamhard, admirably {killed in the Saxon Learning; and the Author of the Peramhulation of Kent, Arehion, Irenareha, and other curious Things; Bowyer, Keeper of the Records of the Tower, and the firfi. Dige‘i’ter of them into fome Method; the learned Camden 3 and many others of leerr Note, or leCs known to us. Charters, Regii’ters, Journals, relating to London, that he could poflibly get; and, withal, got A.c- cefs into the Archives of the Chamber of London; where he perufed the Volumes of mofl: Fame there, for the City’s ancient Privileges, Charters, Laws and Cuitoms; as the Books Horne, Dun- thorne, Liher Alhur, which Book might have been called Carpenter, the Name of the Compiler there- of, as the two former Books go under the Names of their Compilers; and, no Quei’rion, many other Records preferved in that Chamber, which are frequently alledged by him. Time. The Occafion of his firfi: fetting upon this Hifiorical Work, was by the Motion of the Lord Robert Dudley; when, in the Year 1562, Stow prefented him with an ingenious Book of Edmund Dudley his Grandfather’s Compiling, du- ring his Imprifonment in the Tower, intitled, The Tree of the Commonwealth; which he dedi- cated to Kino Henry VIII, but it never came to his Hand. ‘he Original of this Piece Stow, a Collec'tor of curious Things, obtained. And the Copy, fair written, he took an Opportunity to ive to the faid Lord; but the Original he referve to Summary, 9' I meet with in his Annals, under the Year 1576: A Forfwem, That one Anne Averies, Widow, forfwearing her- immediately felf for a little Money, that {he fhould have paid hfiililirlhri‘al. ate, p. ”52. But Stow could not be taken of? from his Stu- Lays in Mm. dies, but earnel’tly and indefatigably applied him- rials for his felf to the making Colleélions of Hifiorical Re- Chronicle and marks; to enable him to compile an Hiltory of Same}. He alfo became His Skill in acquainted with fuch who increafed and furthered 0“ Authoxsa And, for his Knowledge in the Antiquities of the How he came City, he alfo procured to himfelf all the old {:dtheKnow. Books, Parchments, Ini’cruments, Muniments, do The firl’t Book he put forth of the Hiylory of “fine Sammy England, was his Summary of the Chronicle: of Eng- of Chroniclw- .land, from the Coming in of Brute, unto his own himfelf. Then, at that great Perfonage’s Requel’t, Annals of and earnef’t Perfuafion, he did firli; collefl this Eng/anthem. \ may w Summary reprinted. He addrefl‘ed to the Mayor and Aldermen for two F rec. doms: And ”Tee Lifiefjonn STOW. Summary, and dedicated the fame, With the” Con- tinuation and Increafe thereof, from Time to Time, to "his great Chaiges,,to his Honour, as he tells us there. In Reward wio‘ereof, addeth he, I always received his hearty Thanks, witb'Commeu- datiom, and not otherwzfe: And that was all the Encouragement he had from him, tho’ it had otherwife been malicioully reported by his Adver— fary ‘1‘. S. [His Brother, I fup‘p‘ofe] Not long after, viz. 1573, it was enlarged by him, and reprinted in Fleet-firm, by Thomas Mar/b, and dedicated to the faid Robert Earl of Leicefler: And for this Reafon, as he fignified, “ Becaufe “ of his ufual generous Aceeptation‘ of many “ Works prefented unto him by others, as well “ as himfelf; and becaufe of his Lordfhip’s good- “ ly Inclination to all Sorts of Knowledge, and “ efpeciaily the great Love he here to old Re- “ cords of Deeds done by famous and noble “ Worthies.” He fell upon the Study and Pains of examining and collecting of this EugZi/b Hif‘tory five Years before he fet forth this Summary. The Reafon that he was induced to enter 'upon it was, .as he iheweth the Reader in his Preface, becaufe he faw the Confufednefs of our late Euglz'flo Chro- nicles, and the ignorant Handling of ancient Af- fairs; which made him leave his own peculiar Gain, and confecrate himfelf to the Search of fa- mous EugZi/lo Antiquities. And his fingular Praife is, that he was an earneft Enquirer into the Truth, andwould not be impofed upon himfelf, nor im« pofe falfe Relations upon others. And how far he had laboured for the Truth, more than fome others, he offered this lal’t Edition of his Sum- mary to declare, ‘ Wherein as he differed from the ‘ inordinate and unfl He giveth us fomewhere an exact Account of Go-wer’s the Works and M85. of 7ohn Gower, one of our kas‘ ancient Poets ; and what were printed, and what were not -, fome whereof he had in his Pofl'eflion. And of the three Books lying under his Head in his Monument in St. Saniour’s Church, viz. Spe~ culum Meditantis, which, he tells us, was writ in French; V ox Clamantir, writ, he faith, in Latin; and Confeflio Amantis, in Engli/h g, that this lal’t only was printed. He {poke alfo of Gower’s Chronica » T ripartita, which, he faith, were never printed, with other Books both Latin and French, which he had and poITeiTed, and among them the faid Chro— nicles and the Vox Clamantir. As for for the Spe- culum Meditantis, he never {aw it, but heard that it‘; was fomewhere in Kent. _- This Tripartite Chronicle is, or fome Time was, er’s Mon. extant in the Cotton Library. It is writ in Latin P~ 1°7- Monks Verfe, or, at leafl, fome Part of it; as in one Place, where the Author compareth King Richard the Second and his Succefi'or, King Hen- ry the Fourth, together, in which Reigns Gower lived, preferring the latter to the former 3 be- ginning, ‘ O! qudm penfando, more: variofgue notando, Si hene forutetur, R ah H diflare oidetur .3 &c. I find, alfo, that he was pofi‘efi‘ed of Leland’s Letani‘s Cam Commentaries, beinga Defcription of Britain, as "WWW was obferved before, the Value of which, and the Author, are fufliciently known; and of many more Engli/hand .Briti/h Hifiorians, which he lent to David Powel, D. D. in the Compofing of the Hii’tory of Camhria, viz. In written Hand, faith that Author to the Reader, I had Gilda: Sa- piem, YheLifeofJoriN S'row. grime, alias, Nenn‘iur, Henry Huntington, l/Villianz Malmefhury, M'arianus Scotus, Ralph Cog/hall, j‘ohn Everfden, Nicholas T rivet, Florentine Vigor- nien 15, Simon of Durham, Roger Hoveden, and o- thers; which, he faid, remained in the Cufiody of 7ohn Stow, Citizen of London ; adding how he deferved Commendation for getting together the ancient Writers of the Hifiories of this Land. We are alfo beholden, in a great Meafure, to him, for fome of the Editions and Enlargements of another ancient Engli/h Poet, viz. 7efirey Chaucer, whofe Poems were firfi colleéted and printed by PVilliam Caxton, Mercer, he that firft brought the Art of Printing into England in the Reign of Hen- ry the Sixth. They were increafed again, and publifhed by William Thinne, Efq; in the Reign of Henry the Eighth, fince ‘ correéted, and twice in- ‘ creafed, as he writes, through my own painful ‘ Labours, in the Reign of (Queen Eli/'aheth, to ‘ wit, in the YearI 561, and again beautified with ‘ Notes, by me collefted out of divers Records ‘ and Monuments, whichI delivered to myloving —‘ Friend, Thomas Speight.’ And he, having drawn the fame into a good Form and Method, as alfo explained the old and obfcure Words, publifhed them flnno 1597. He al’feéted, likewife, old printed Books, and was a great Colleétor of them, whether Hif’tory, Divinity, Phyfic, fife. The Names of divers . whereof are mentioned before, Ann. I 568, when, by Order of Council, his Study was fearched for fuperf’titious Books. , ., Let me now, at laf’t, add a few Words more, to ihew that he was skilful in fome Sorts of Learn— ing necefl'ary to qualify him for an able Antiqua— ry, befides what I have already faid of his natu- ral Love of Truth, his diligent Inquifitivenefs into common Reports and Relations, his labo— rious Searches after old Manufcripts, to which I may fubjoin his Journies which he fometimes took to be an Eye—witnefs for his better Satif- faétion: He had Knowledge in Heraldry and Genealogies, which he had made good Ufe of for the enlightening and aITerting fome Matters of Hil‘tory. Richard, Lord Rich, fome Time Lord Chan- cellor of England, made a great Figure in Stow’s Time, being in high Place and F avour' with King Henry the Eighth, and fome of the fucceed- ing Princes. This Man was raifed from the Ci- ty, fome of his Ancei’tors having been of the Mercers Company. Stow thought fit, for the Honour of the City, to take Notice of it; and Ihewed us the Pedigree of this Lord in divers Defcents, as far back as his great great Grand- father: He being the Son of Thomas Rich, and Thomas the Son of 70hn -, 7ohn, the Son of Rich- ard, Sheriff of London, Ann. 1442, and buried in the Church of St. Laurence 7ewry, and he the Son of Richard Rich, of London, Elq. He was particularly acquainted with William Enlargements of Chaucer from him. Chaucer's Tomb in W’eflmin/ier. Skilled in He- raldry . Lord Rich’s Pedigree. Th’c Genea- °fSW”J’- veral Things to him, relating to Pedigrees and Defcents -, and Stow, again, communicated fome Remarks of Armory to him. He got a Sight of a fine Book of Genealogies from Smith : It was of all the whole Family of Savoy, compiled by one Philehert Pingonio, an Italian, Baron of Gu- zani: And, becaufe fome denied that Peter of Savoy, that built Savoy Houfe, in the Strand, was Earl of Savoy, as he had afferted, he proved it by this Book, that let down Thomas Earl of Savoy’s Pedigree; and thence, he faith, he gather— ed this, That the faid Thomas had Ifi'ue, by Bea- trice, Daughter of flimon, Earl of Geneva, nine Sons and three Daughters : That flmadis, his firf’t Son, fucceeded as Earl of Savoy, in the Year 1253.; Peter, his fecond Son, the Perfon he was {peaking of, Earl of Savoy and Richmond, in the logy of Peter Smith, alias Rouge Dragon, who communicated fe- ,ttfays, .xv Year 1268 -, P191735 , his third Son , _ and Bm'é’lm‘i)’, [2‘34 ; Thomas, th’eliz’ddi‘tchf 8:312:51; of Flanders and Prince of Piedmont, &c. Bdnz'face the eighth, Archbifliop of Canterbury. Beatrice, his Daughter, married to Reymund Berengdrius, 0f flrragon, Earl of Provence and Narhonne th had Illile, and was Mother to fiVC Qieens’, The firfi, Margaret, Wife to Lewis, King of France- the fecond, Eleanor, Wife to Henry the Third, King of England, Ste. 80 fortunate an Ifl'ue froni a final] Prince, that Stow thought it worthy the tranfcribing and entering it into his Survey. He was alfo acquainted with another learned Acquainted Herald, William Segar, alias Port-clofe, an Ofl-ia With Segar, cer of Arms with the Earl of Leice/ter, Governor the He'ald' 0f the Low Countries, Who gave Stow a Relation 71’3"" p' of the Manner of keeping the Feafi of St. George 9 l at Utrecht, having got from the faid Port-clo/e a true and faithful Defcription of it. This He- 4m], rald gave him, alfo, an Account of the French 1290., P. King’s invefiing with the Order of the Garter. The fame Port-clofe told Stow, that Martin Shinhe, a valiant Dutch Captain, who 'was knighted by Leice/ter at the forefaid Feai’t, had. promifed to greys him feventy Enfigns that he had won in the re . His firm Judgment was, that the Arms of the St. Paul’s City of London was ever with a Sword in the firft Swm‘lv. ‘1‘?“ Qiarter, which was the Sword of St. Paul ; g: [worms and that it .was at firi’t only the red Crofs, till borneeiri the the Dagger was added, upon Walworth’s valiant City Am“ killing jack Straw, in honourable Memory there- of to this City, was all Fable, as fhewed before. And he was of the fame Opinion afterwards, when Mr. Smith, the abovefaid Purfuivant, had told him, that, in our Lady Church of Antwerp, he had feen, in the Windows, the Piéiure of King Edward the Third, and of his Son, and alfo the Arms of divers Cities of England; and, among the rei’t, a Coat with ared Crofs, ahd the Letter L in the firft (barter, which he therefOre thought might be the‘Bearing of the City of London in thofe Times ', Mr. Stow would not be f0 pcrfuad- ed, but affirmed it to' be always as it was. This Coat f’tood then in the uppermofi north Window of that Church. The lall Time the Parifh Church of St. Botolph The Builder: flldgate was rebuilt, was between two and three of dldgate ' Hundred Years ago. In this Church our Anti‘ “my: d'E‘?‘ quarian obferved a Coat of Arms engraved on XII?“- y t e the Prone Work, which heknew to be the Arms of the Trinity Priory -, and hence concluded thofe. of the Priory to be the Builders, as indeed the Prior was the Patron thereof. Stow was a true Antiquarian, in that he was Diligent and not fatisfied with Reports, or with the Credit ofconvgrfant in what he found in Print, but had Recourfe to°1d (”hme’s’ Originals. He knew h0w much F alihood is com- monly thrul’t upon Readers, either by the Care. lefl'nefs of Authors, or by taking up Things t00 creduloufly, and upon {light Grounds, or ‘Hear~ and the Credit of others: But Stow made Ufe of his own Legs, for he could never ride, travelling on Foot to many Cathedral Churches, and other Places, where ancient Records and Chat- ters were, and with his own Eyes to read them ; wherein he feemed to be very expert, as appears by that Multitude of Qiotations and Tranicriptions out of Chartularies, Regifi§r§, Records, Infiru- ments, Monuments belonging to Monal’teries, that fhew themfelves in his Hif’cory, efpecrally in his Survey. Therein he {peaks fomewhere, where he is treating of the Charter—houfe, of his reading Charters in King Edward the Third’s Days. He often converfed in the Records of the Tower, and {peaking once of Fi/hmongers—hall, fald, that by Records of the Tower, he could prove they fomc Time had no lefs than fix Halls. He mention— ' '11 that he read, where he ed many ancrent Wx 5 found A Note of The Life ofjouN S'row. found charitable Gifts bequeathed "by generous- fpirited Citizens. Hefeemed to have perufed all the Monuments, and their Infcriptions, through- out all the Parifhes ofLondon. He read Records four Hundred Years before his own Time, which he occalionally once mentioned, where he writeth of Shorediteh ; which Place, in his own Editions, he always called Soon/ditch; and f0 he could prove it writ in Records for four Hundred Years, as he noted in his Margin. Where, by the Way, .4. .711. the Editor Of his Survey, after his Death, hath utterly fallified his Author; for where the true Reading of Stow’s Margin was,Soerfditeh, f0 cal- led more than four Hundred Years fince, as lcan prove by Record; the after Editions read, Shortf— diteh, fo called more than four Hundred Years fince, Cit. and fo fpoiling Stow’s Senfe and Mean- ing. And, befides, every-where thofe Editions read Shore/ditch, where the former Editions fet forth by Stow himfelf, read Soerfditeh. Many fuch Errors crept into the lail: Editions of Stow’s Survey, to the great Wronging of the accurate Author. There isa Volume of thefe his Notes and Col- Stow taken of leétions, which firfl: came into the Poifeflion of a Cuflom of the Priory of Dunmo‘w. Underflood Latin. a’nanafihn SirSimmonds Dews, Knt. and afterwards proCured by Mr. Harley, now Earl of Oxford and Morti- mer, and placed in his own exquifite Library: Whence I tranfcribed what follows, concerning the old Tradition of a F litch of Bacon due from the Prior of Dunmow in Eflex, to him that had lived feven Years with his Wife without any Dif- agreement between them, if he Ihould come and demand it at the Priory there upon his Oath, 'viz. ‘ Three Perfons, at feveral Times, came thither ‘ and required a F litch of Bacon, and being ‘ fworn, had them. Which “john Stow told to ‘ one who thus fubfcribed, Has notas hahui‘a :70- ‘ hanne Stow, Anno 1604.. Thefe Notes were as ‘ follows : ~ ‘ Memorandum guod Stephanus Stannel de Ay- I’ton pawn in Com. Efiex, Hu‘fbandman, venit, 55o. to the Priory of Dunmow, die natitiitatis Be’ .Marie, the 7th Year of Edward the Fourth, and asked pmam. Baeonir. And being fworn be- fore Roger Buloot, then Prior, and the Convent of that Place, and a Multitude of othEr Neigh- bours, there was delivered to the faid Stephen- one pma. of Bacon. ' ‘ flnno Dom. I5iO, Thomas Leyfuller, of Cog- ge/hull, in the County of Eflex, came and asked one pmanz. of Bacon of Dunmow, ‘viz. the 8th Day of Septemher, 2 Hen. VIII, and was fworn, according tothe Form of Donation, and be—, fore 70hn Tyler, then Prior of the Place, and? the Convent, and many other Neighbours; and a Flitch of Bacon was delivered to him.’ ‘ One Richard Wright, of Badhr'ough, next Norwich, in the County of Norfolk, ' Yeoman, came and asked for the Bacon of Dunmow, the ' 17th of April, 24 Hen. VI, and was fworn ac~ cording to the Form of Donation, before 7ohn Canon, then Prior of the Place, and the Convent, and many others of the Neighbours -, and a Flitch of Bacon was delivered to the faid Riehard.’ ,, And though he were a Citizen, and bred up to a Shop and Calling there, I make no D0ubt he underf’toOd Latin well, as many other Citizens have done, and at this Day do; otherwife he could not have made Ufe of thofe manyancient Hii’torians of Eriti/h and Engli/h Affairs, which he often quoted, and made very judicious Ufe of in his" Hiltory. And he tells us exprefly of his Reading a Latin Inl'cription on a {tone Crofs in the Church-yard, charitably founded by» Sir Wal- ter Manny, for Burial in'a great Plague, which was this : /1'-nno Dom. I 349, regnonte magna Pe/ti- lentia, oonfeeralum uit hoe Candler/um, in grin €523 anon-sun naanl‘nha infra fepta prtefentis Mona/tori], fepulta fuerunt More tuorum Corpora plufguam guinguaginta millia, prize-- tar alia multa ah hine ufq; ad prafenr -, quorum ani— mahus propitietur Deus. Amen. In line, his great Diligence is to be commend- Excites tothc ed in colleéting, retrieving, and publiihing fo fiddly 0* Au- much of the Engli/h Hifiory, to the Honour oft’qmtt- his Country, and the Place where he was born. And belides hisiown Endeavours, he wiihed and ‘ excited others of Ability, in his Days, to do their Part in fo noble a Study; and, at leai’t, not to be behind-hand with the Monks, and the Monk- iih Times, which he could not but praife for their Induf’try in Writing their own Hil’tories, or of the Times before them. And further, it is to be marked in Stow, to ihew his Zeal for Hifiorical Colleftions, the Re~ membrance he had, and the Record he made not only of Monks in former Times, but of fuch as in latter Days bellowed their Labour and Pains this Way. I will recite what he faith of three fuch : The firlt is 7ohn Shirley, who deceafed in fife/instant} 14.56, and lies buried in the Church of St. Bar- tholomew the Lefl, and hath a monumental Inferip- tion, where Stow cannot forbear to give this Ac- count of him : That, among other his Labours, he colleéted the Works of Gefirey Chaucer and yohn Lydgate, and other learned Writers. Which Works were wrote in fundry Volumes to remain to Pol’terity; and added, that he had feen them, and, partly, did profefs them. Perhaps it Ihould be read, partly did poflefi them, unlefs this his pro- fefling them, may mean his owning himfelf a Student in them, and fuch—like ancient Writings. The ‘fecond is Richard Alrnold, that lived fln- R:'c12..4/-,«mt.i. no I 519, a Citizen of London -, and, inflamed with a F ervency towards good Learning, travelled prin- cipally 'in obferving Matters worthy to be re- membered, 59%; The third is Sir :7ohn Wryfi, [the fame Name, Sirfihntt’w‘. I fuppofe, as Wryye, or Wry/ley,] ‘ who gather- ‘ ed, by Commandment, at the Suppreflion of ‘ Abbies, Charters of the Foundations of divers ‘ Abbies, Colleges, 69°C. This Sir yohn, fiudious ‘ of Britain’s Antiquities, left his Heirs, in Wri- ‘ ting, divers excellent Monuments, who did ‘ keep them, faith Stow, too long from the Sight ‘ of the Learned.’ So that he feems to have been in the like Commiflion with j’ohn Leland: But thefe two lai‘c I have mentioned before. And, finally, he fomewhere giveth this Com- His Praife of mendation of Chronicles, and the Hii’tories of Hillary- Things pai’t, that they were WitneflES of the Times, Lights of the Truth, Encouragers of Vir- tue and Honei’ty, and Correétors of Vice and Wickednefs. So that it feems to have been fome public Spirit for the common Good, that aé‘ted ‘ him to follow fo indul’trioufly thefe Studies. And yet, notwithl’tanding all his Skill, Study, Detrafiors of Exac‘tnefs, and laborious Collections, he had the 3m"- MisfortUne to have his Pains and F aithfulnefs undervalued by fome; and that partly becaufe of his Trade and Calling. Among thefe Detraétors, I muf’c‘name Dr. Sutoli , a Perfon of confiderable Eminency in the Church : Who feems too halti— ly and pafiionately to write thus of him, in his Anfwer to Parfons’s Three Converflons. When Parfons had alledged Stow’s Chronicle, concerning l/Villiam Thomas’s Attempt to murther Qieen Mary, for which he was execured, as a Traitor, Sute‘li , in Anfwer, makes Stow to be very par- tial in $1een Mary’s Matters -, and takes .Occar fion to peak contemptibly of him, ‘ As in no- ‘ thing of any Authority, being a filly and un- ‘ learned Botcher, and abufed by crafty Suggef’t- ‘ ers.’ And in another Place, ironically, ‘ A ‘ worthy Chronicler to fet forth the noble Acts‘ ‘ of Taylors and Botchers; of which Trade he ‘ was.’ But it is a Sign that reverend Man 2 knew his Religion. A Preacher at St. Paul’s inveighs a-r ainl’t the Stmft in St. Andrew’s Parilh. A‘Curate of Cree-(barks ‘ The Life of Jo 13;st fr-orw. knew little more of Stow, than that he was a Taylor. ' Now, as to Mr. Stow’s Religion and moralQJa. lities, let us add fomething for Conclufion. He was, no doubt, at firl’t, a Favourer of the Popifh Reli— gion ; and, perhaps, being a Lover of Antiquity, and the old religious Buildings and Monuments, he was the more prejudiced againl’t the Reformed Religion, becaufe of the Havock and Dei’truétion thofe that pretended to it, made of them in his Days. . And, indeed, it might render him the lefs af- fected to the Religion in his Time, reformed, while he took Notice, how ignorantly, nay, ri- diculoufly, fome that profefi‘ed it, and preached it, lhewed their Zeal for it. One of thefe was the Curate of Cree—Church, in which Parifh Stow then lived, commonly called Sir Stop/Jen, who, in a Sermon before no lefs an Auditory than at St. Paul’s, inveighed fervently againf’t a long May— ,pole, called a Shaft, in the next Pariih to his, named thence St flndrew’s Underflooft, and calling it an Idol : Which fo Vl’tirred up the Devotion of many of the Hearers, fince all Idols were to be taken away by Order from above, that many of them in the Afternoon went and with Violence pulled it down from the Place where it hung up- on Hooks, and then fawed it into divers Pieces, each Houiholder taking his Piece, as much as. hung over his Door or ”Stall; and afterwards burnt it: This Sermon Stow heard, as he tells us himfelf, and faw the Effect of it. The fame Preacher taking Occafion from that Church’s Name, viz. Undor/boft, as fuperf‘titi- QuarantZeal. oufly given toit, Stow obferved another Infiance of his Zeal, in giving his Judgment, that the Names of Churches might be altered; nay, and that the Names of the Days in the Week might be changed; and that Fridays and Saturdays {hould be no more F ifh Days ; but the F ilh Days to be on other Days of theWeek. And further, that, as for Lent, it lhould be, kept any other Time, than between S/aronetide and Edfler. of this Sir Step/yon was, that he would oftentimes go out of the Pulpit into the Churchyard, and get up into a high Elm that grew there, and preach to the People from thence; and then go into the Church, and fay or ling the EngZi/b Ser- vice, not atfiie Altar, as was ufual, but upon a Tomb towards the North. And, further, Stow was an Eye-witnefs of the Mifchief of the hot mifguided Zeal of this Preacher, who was the Caufe of the wrongful put— ting to Death of one by Martial Law, in all Pro— bability'innocent -, executed before his Door with— in Aldgote, as a Traitor, and concerned in a Re- bellion; who protef’ted his Innocency upon the Gallows, in Stow’s own Hearing. Such Princi— ples and Practices as thefe, in fuch a Man of the Reformed Religion, might create fome Prejudice in Stow againfi it. ‘ , . But he feemed at length to have a good Opi- nion ,Of the ~Do€trine of the Church of England : For, in the~ Reign of .Qieen Elifooot/a, he hath Stow calls the fomewhere this Exprefiioh, ‘ That Doétrineis, firefefitDOC- more pure .now, than it was in the Monkifh trine pure. Hated Immo- rality in Prieits, _World’f: But, whether he fpoke it ironically, or in earnei’c, ,I; do not difpute. . ‘, , . , But, whatever Refpeét he might fecretly have for the old Religion, he Could not endure Priefis . that were vicious and unchafte; and was'for fevere , Punifhment to be laid upon" them,‘ and that by . the fecular Hand, without fiayin for lufiice from . the Ordinary, or their fpiritual uperior, onPre- tence'of their Privilege of Exemption from the temporal Magifirate : vAnd he blamed them. for their Covetoufnefs' and Partiality .in pecuniary Commutations. Thus, in a certain Place of his Survey, he praifed the City for their exemplary Another Practice , Punilhment of F ornication, thou - Office fometimes out of the Handgdlftilfiz $323231: who clarmed’lthe Cognizance thereof to belong rd them: Shewinthow they put both lewd Wo'. men, and Priefts too, into the Prifon, called the Tun in Corn/oil], who were guilty in that Refpeét, And he praifed a certain Way, anciently ufed in the City for Punilhment of light Females, caufing theirI—Ieads to be lhaven, after the Man- ner of Thieves, andgto' he led about the City with Trumpets and Pipes founding before them, that their Perfons might be the more known: ‘7 Nor ‘ dld they, added he,,fpare an uncleanPriei’t a ‘ a Whit the more becaufe of his Office, but ufed fuch as hardly ; faying, thatthey abhorred the Negligence of their Prelates, and detefled their Avarice, that, for Money, omitted the. Punifli- ment limited by Law, and permitted thofe they found guilty to live favourably by their Fines: Wherefore they WOuld themfelves, they faid, purge the City from fuch Filthinefs, left, thrd’ God’s Vengeance, either Peltilence or Sword might happen to them, or that the Earth lhould {wallow them up.’ , , And, indeed, on all Occafions, he fhewed great Diflike of all Immorality, Injuftice, \Nrongs, Frauds, Unfaithfulnefs, Falfhood, and Treache~ ry 5 and this might be the Reafon, why this good Man had the ,Misfortune fometimes to fall under fcur‘rilous and Calumniating Tongues: One a- mong the, ref‘t, ‘whereof he was forced to make public Complaint to the Magil’trate, had, upon what private Difguf’r, I know not, intolerably railed upon him, even at his Shop-door, refleét— ing upon his Chronicles 5 nay, upon his Trade, as a Taylor ; and chiefly upon his Integrity and Truth in hisI—liftories and Writings, as though they were‘but Lyes: Nay, and befides abulive Language, there was Alfault and Battery added, together with all the Signs of Rage and Madnefs. Of all which, after much Patience and F orbear- ance, able no longer to endure it, he made his Complaint to the Magii’trate: Which he drew up in this Manner : ‘ Pleafeth it your Worfhip to 'underf’rand, how ‘ your poor Orator, 70o” Stow, hath of late been ‘ more than too much abufed by one 'th'ttz'om ‘ Ditober, alias Tetford, and his Wife, 8c.’ The Procefs whereof is too long to write; but briefly to touch fome Parts thereof. He fpoke much of this Man’s Railing at him, and of his Appren- tice’s Fighting with Stow’s Apprentice ; and that he called him Prickloufe Knave, and beggarly Knave, and Rafcal Knave ; and that he made a Chronicle of Lyes, That he faid to the Parfon of the Parifh, and to the Deputy of the Ward, that there came nothing but Rogues and Rafcals, and the vilefl: of the Land, to Stow’s Houfe, whiCh Rafcals had him from Alehoufe to Ale- houfe every Night and Morning. That William’s Wife, before the Stall of the faid “john, railed againi’t him more than a long Hour-,but that he, john Stow, kept himfelf above Stairs, with- 0ut making him any Anfwer. That one Day the faid William leaped in his Face 3 and that he fear- ed he would have digged out his Eyes; foully fcratched him by the Face, drewBlood of him, and was pulled off by the Neighbours. That the {aid William threw Tileiheards and Stones at Stow’s Apprentice, till he haddriven him off the Stall from his Work. And then the faid Wit/mm came to 7obrz’s Stall, and faid, if he could catch the faid Apprentice, he.would cart him; and voWed, he would accufe him to have killed the Manon ,Mz'Zr-End in Whitfon Week, ,[thatit feenisvvas found dead there] He alfo faid, that Stow’siWife had two Children by oneMana be- fore lhe was married, to the great Slander-of the faid 70b” Slow, and 'Hindrance oft-he" Chm???" fie , . being C C C C C C C ‘ C C xvii by' An Expol'er of fcandalous Men. Stow {lander- ed, and abu. fed by a foul Tongue. Makes his Complaint to . theMagifirate. 'ern "being four Daughters ma‘rriageable, . and tin Star—3 vice with Right‘WorlhipfulPerfonages. Filrther,g that he caufedone 70b” SizeZyng, being drunkeny, to come to the St'all of the faid Stow, and there; to Call him by fuch a Name, as himfelf better de—g ferved ~; and at another Time called him the ' falfel’t Man in England, and threatened to cart him,: if he could get him out of his Door; called him; alfo common Proé‘tor, common Barretor, com-f mon Drunkard, Rafcal, Villain, 69’s. g It is no Marvel, if this honefi Man, for hisg' ' Hatred of vicious and bafe Aétions, and Expofing‘ them, might thus be ferved. ,To give then fome; 'Inf’rances hereof, as I have obferved them here 'and there in his Writings; . Rebuked uni He often took Occafion to rebuke fuch as were; £11212“ Exe' 'falfe to their Trui‘ts, and negleé‘ted the Perform ' mance of the Wills and charitable Donations re-" 'pofed in them ; which, by'his‘Experience, werei molt wretchedly abufed fometimes by Executors‘; putting the Money, Lands, or Houfes .intotheir; own Pockets, or converting them forne other Ways. Among the Gifts given for the finilhing. A’F-wvn’s Cha- Guildhall, London, 'he mentioned Nickolas Alwyn, rity not per- formed. Grocer, fome Time Mayor; who, by his lai’t Will, about 1505, gave 731. 6 s. 8 d. for 9. 'Hanging of Tapeftry, to ferve for principal Days in Guild/ml] : But, how that Gift was performed, he had not heard ; a modell: Exprefiion, import- ing, that they the Executors had not performed it; and then more roundly he {peaks item in Ge- nerals, ‘ For the Executors of Our Time, having ‘ no Confcience, I fpeak of my own Knowledge, ‘ prOve‘more Tef’taments than they perform. Nor the Gifts And, before him, Simon Eyre, or L’eyre, as he _ °f 51"" is written, a Draper, fome Time Mayor,*who built the Granary and Chapel in Leadenball, and deceafed 1459, gave by his laft Tefiament, which Stow faid he had read, many molt noble Chari- ties -, and, amongl’t the reft, he gave theDrapers three Thoufand Marks, ”on Condition to el’tabl‘ifh in his Chapel a Mafier 0r Warden, five Secular Priefls, fix Clerks, and two Choitii’ters, 'to fihg daily Divine Service, ,‘ Alfo lone Mafier with‘a‘n Uiher for Grammar, onepMafter for Writing, and the third for Song; with HOuling there, newly built for them, for ever, with certain Sala— ries to each. And, in cafe'th'eDrapers performed this not, then the three Thoufand Marks to go to the Prior and Covent of Cbrz'fl-C/aurcb, on Con- dition'as aforefaid‘: Otherwife to be difpofed by the Executors in Works of Charity. And then Stow’s COnclufion bluht‘ly'and plainly 'fOlloWS: ‘ Thus much 5for his Tel’tament, not perfOrmed, ‘ by efiablifhing of Divine Service in 'his Chapel, ‘ or the Free-fchools for Scholars. Neither-how ‘ the Stock of three Thoufan'd Marks,“ or rather ‘ five Thoufand‘ Marks, was employed 'by‘his ‘ iExecutdrs, could I ever learn.’ ' ‘ Lima/[rest Ward . Nor Mr. Ran- . tic/1’53 Lega- dob/9, fome Time Common Se‘rje‘ant of the City,; ”’25:. ' who gave one'Thoufand Pounds in L’ands, or An-; P' ' nuities, for the Relief of the Poor in the Minds? onaeen/aitk ~ and Caflle-Baymrd, where probably his Habitation'had been; and in iTé/Z’bmfl in Suf-' fax, where he.was 'born‘: Adding in his 'firfl'Edis tibn,'left ’out afterWards : ‘ But, that ‘Money be—g ‘ ing left ‘in Holdfait Hands, Ilhave‘nOtj'heard’ “ how it wasibel’towed.’ Having-ye "probably, made Enquiry" after folarge and “not e‘a'LegaJy *cy Ofithat eminent Oflicer‘o‘f'the City}, " ' -‘ , Nor Sir Henry ‘ Andfiofflla'ter TimegAl‘derman Billing/7y, living gaging/9’s [in theP'Parifh of StrCat/barz'fz'e 'Coifiézng‘gfiyeby-his I t. 'Will two Hundred'pdun‘ds‘to this Rs a fur the fl/dngardJ Relief of 'the'Poor; "Which good‘Itn’teht' of his is ob’ferved not to'bejipeiformed, and'rfthe*'P00r wronged :' Though this, indeed, is nofne’oflSro‘w’s' Obfervation,‘ but of A. ‘M‘that‘fet forthithe Sure way after Stow’s Death. ' ‘ ' ‘ ' ' The like Obfervation 'he makes of Bernard’Rani ‘ fbeLifieifof 3 arm sew-g:- ”And therefore, as he writes in a certaih ‘Placl: His Advice 1n his Survey, having known thefe Legacies of “Once?“ing Charity», left in Trufl: with Executors, "hardly, or Legme" 5 never performed; he wilhed Men to make their Honour of "ownHan‘ds their Executors, and their Eyes their Citizens- OVerfeers, not forgetting the old Proverb : Women be forgetful, Children be unkind; Executogs dbe covetous, and take what they n . v If any body alks where the Dead’s Goods be came : . . 77.26:}: anfwer, So God me help, and holy Dome, poor Man. he died a Nor did he lhrink to chargeCorpor'ations them- Sir 707m Mal. . ‘felves', as well as privatePerfons, for the Abufe MM’S GiftS- of the Charities ,of the Deceafed. -In A’ldgozte AldgateWara -Ward, he giveth a Lill: of many charitable Gifts _ of Sir 7'01”: Mléourn, who was fome Time Mayor, the Founder of the Alms-houfes' in Crate/Jade friars; and therein fpecifieth a particular Num- ber of Penny-loaves and a @antity of Coals to be diiftributed to the Parifhes ofSt. Edmund’s Lom- bard—fires: and St. Michael’s Cornbill, for ever: And that he made the: Company of Drapers of London Truftees for thefe Charities ; and fettled upon them, for Performance, twenty—three Mef- fuages and Tenements, and-eighteen Garden Plots, in the Parifh of St. 014716, Hart-flreet. Whereon Stow makes this feveré Note in the Margin of his firf’t and fecond Editions, but left out in the af- ter Editions, ‘ That thefe Points were not per- ‘ formed ; and that the Drapers unlawfully fold ‘ thefe Tenements and Garden Plots, and the ‘ Poor were wronged’. What Ground Stow had for this, which he fets down fo particularly, I know not; butI know that the faid Company, at this Time, to do them Right, utterly difown this Charge; and a Copy ‘of the Will of the faid .Mz'li- 5am‘n, which I haire— feen and per'ufed at Dra- pery/wall, by the Favour of an eminent .. r1 Hated {uch as defaced Mo— numents. Keble’s Vault and Month ment de— firoyed. And Drope’s and hisLady’s; Both whichzhad been very confiderable“ xx TbeszeofJOHN STOW. rifh enjoyed for many Years, having let a and in other Places in the Suburbs, and in their Leafe of it for fixty Years, at the Rent of 81. Dwelling-houfes in the City itfelf. He compared I 3 s. 4 d. Notwithf’tanding, afterwards they them to Bankrupts bearing great Shew' but little -'gave it up as Chantry‘Land, and wronged them- Worth ; and ‘ That they were like Midfummer felves. , ‘ Pageants with Towers, Turrets, and Chimney And Sir 7m Such a Hint of Ingratitude he gave thofe that ‘ Tops, not fo much for Ufe and Profit as for fl/le”‘5'l‘°mb were concerned in it, concerning Sir 702m Allen, ‘ Shew and Pleafure; bewraying, faid he, the atfvegv‘ar d 'in King Henry tine Ez'g/atla’s Time, who was the ‘ Vanities of Men’s'Minds. And that it was un- ‘P ' Founder of Mercer: Chapel, then a very fair and ‘ like to the DifpofitiOn of the ancient Citizen‘s, ' beautiful Building -, and was himfelf buried there ‘ who delighted in the Building of Hofpitals and with a Tomb over him, which was afterwards ‘ Almfhoufes for the Poor: And therein both removed into the Church belonging to the Hof- ‘ employed their Wits, and fpent their Wealth, pital of St. Thomas offlmrr, and his Body-room ‘ in Preferment of the Commodity of this our divided into Shops, let out for Rent. And his ‘ City’. By which Words meaning to upbraid Tomb is long fince utterly gone into Oblivion : And his Memory mull have been loft as well as his Monument, had it not been preferved by good Mr. Stow in his Survey. the Degeneracy of the prefent Citizens from their F orefathers : Who, if they had any Treafure to fpare, and to lay out in Structures, they preferred the Expence of it upon Buildings for the public The Monu- Further, ,for this Sacrilege towards Monu- Good, fuch as Hofpitals to harbour the Poor, ms“? in ments, he leaveth a farcafi'ical Reproach upon the before the AdOrning of their own Houfes with 63:32? Parifh and Church-wardens of Albalz'ow’s Staining; gaudy Turrets, merely to go up now and then, Lang/7. Ward. Bxafs torn away from . Graves in S/Jareditc/J. Grieved at where he fpeaks' ‘ of their pulling down their Monuments, and fweeping them out of their Church ': And that the Church-wardens were forced to make a large Account for Brooms, viz. twelve Shillings ; belides the carrying away of the Stones and Brafs thereof at their own Charge’. > He left alfo’ a Mark of lgnominy on one who was Vicar of Sboredz'tc/J, his Name was Dr. [11471- mer, on the fame facrilegious Account : ‘ Of late, ‘ faith he, a Vicar there, for Covetoufnefs of the Brafs, which he converted into coined Silver, plucked up many Plates fixed on the Graves, and left no Memory of fuch as had been buried under them. A great Injury, added he, both to the Living and to the Dead : Forbidden by public Proclamation in the Reign of our Sove- reign Lady Qieen Eliflzbet/a ; but not forborn of many, that either of a prepoiterous Zeal, or of a greedy Mind fpare not to fatisfy themfelves by fo wicked a Means’. " And as it grieved him to Oflflflhfl c c ‘ c c s s c g c fee the Monuments the DemOlilh' in Churches fo violated, fo he was much more ing of ancient Churches and Religious Structures. grieved at the Overthrow of Churches themfelves, and f0 many noble venerable Struélfures of Reli— giOn : And he could not forbear fometimes to ex- refs his Admiration of thefe fine ancient Works, the Effects of former Piety and Devotion; and, with as much Model’ty as, he could, to reprove fuch as pulled them down for their own Gain and Covetoufnefs. With fuch a Touch he wiped the --old Marquis of Wimbq/ier, who obtained the Au— gufiine Friars in London, or forne other : To which - belOnged a mof’t curious fpired Steeple, fmall, high, and firaight, which Stow was mightily de- . lighted with, and faid, he had not feen the like. ‘The fmall Spire of this Church had been over- ' ~ thrown by a Tempef’c of Wind, flnno 1'3 62 ; but Difliked gt, 'fThere is one- Thing morevl mu , raifed a-new to that Beauty in which he had-feen “it: Q‘And f0, faid he, it might have lined, had .‘ not private-Benefit, the'only Devouret'of An-Z ‘ tiquity, pulled itr’downi And then relating, how the goodly'Steeple, and all the eait‘ Part of r the Church,‘~wa-s taken down, and Houfes for one ‘u-Man’s Commodity raifed in the Place 3' London, . he faid, had loft a goodly Monument, and Time .he’reafter might more Talk of it. - ‘ Building highilin Mr. swat Tem' cam-Which perhaps may be T urrets u Houfee. P°“r.looked upon as a ond Thing in him, and not -_ worthy troubling his Head a‘bOut. It was," that the could not endure the high T-urretS, and-Build- ,‘ings; run up to a‘ greatiaHeighth',‘whichifome‘Cif . tizerrs in. his Time, efpeeially~ in’QJeen-Elifli'éet/i’s it take ‘ Notice of and 6look a great Way about them. And he made once a particular Obfervation of one Ri— ckard What/92']! a Merchant-Taylor, that was the Builder of an Houfe in Leaden/aaZZ—flreet near Lime-fired End, with a high Tower, the fecondr Tower built in the City, and the firl’t of Timber, that ever he learnt to have been built to overlook Neighbours in the City- Of this Man he ob— ferved, that, beinga young Man, he became in a fhort T ime fo tormented with the Gout both in his Hands and Legs, and that he could neither feed himfelf, nor go further than he was led; much lefs able to climb, and take the Pleafure of the Height of his Tower. And this leads me to another good Qiality in him ; which was, his Pity and Compaffion for the Poor. And on their Account, he commended the ancient Hofpitality, when the needy Sort were re- lieved with Food, and likewife Harbour afforded them : Which, Charities he obferved to be much abated upon the Suppreflion of Religious Houfes: Many of thofe Helps and Succours of the Poor being funk and loft, the Revenues falling into pri- vate Hands, and become the PoITefiions of fuch as were of a quite contrary Difpofition to the former Owners. As he had a mighty Concern for the Reputati- on of the City, which it had obtained of ancient Times ; f0 he was uneafy at fome Things in his Time that abated it, and made/the Citizens dege- nerate. He obferved how it bred warlike People, that delighted in manly and healthful Exercifes and Sports ; whereby they were fitted for War, and Defence of their City and Country ; namely, Wrel’tling, Running at the @inten, Shooting in the Long Bow, Going the Watches armedlehich began now to be difufed. Whereof that of Shoot— ing was much laid by, becaufe the common. Grounds about the City began to be much in- clofed ; which Inclofu'res, for that Reafon, as well, ‘as' others, Stow difliked. And f0 ini’tead of that, and the 'other becoming Recreations, the 'Sports that then took Place, were Creeping, he faid, into Bowling-Alleys, and Dicing-Houfes near Home : ‘ Where, faid‘ he, they have Room ‘ enough to hazard their Money at unlawful ‘ Games, and where I‘ leave them to take their 9 Pleafures.’ And noting likéwife the Pafiimes in former Days the younger Sort ufed to betake themfelves to on Holidays after Evening Prayer ;' the" young Men playing at Bucklers ; and the Maids, in the Sight of their Maf’ters and Mif’cref- fes, dancing for the Garland, hanging crofs the Streets,but,were now fupprefi‘ed: ‘ Worfe Practices, Lime-fired. Ward. He liked an- cient Hofpita- lity . His Concern for the City‘s Reputation. IReign, (laid out their} Money-upon, toovmop ~ and overlook their Neighbours : Such fort of ad: ; vanced Wei-ks, 'both‘ToWers and Chimnies, they built both in their S‘ummefihoufes in Moom‘ieldr, added he, (hortly, within Doors were to ’be feared.’ '3" And-- thus we leaVe thefe Memorials of this honefi: good Citizen to his lafling Praife, and for an Example toall the Natives of this molt 30b? 511g THE 0.0 N T E N, TS ,or- the FIRST, VOLUME. B . O O K I. . Containing a General Deferz’ptz’on of the City of London. HAP. I. The Situation, Populoufnefs, Ex- tent, Commodioufnefs, Original, Antiquity, and Name ofLona’on. King Lad. The City of the T rinohantes. Submits to ynlins Ceefar. London, What before Ceefar; and whether it was a Colony under the Romans. Proclama- tions about new Buildings there; and Fore- fronts , Page I. CHAP. II. The Antiquity of the Wall built about the City. Walls when firfi; in Britain. For Defence againfi: the Pitts and Scots. The Maintenance and Reparation of the Walls of London. Murage. The ancient Wall near Bi/hopfigate defcribed. The Dimenfions of it; and a Computation of the (Luantity of Ground within the Walls p, 8 CHAP. III. Of the old T own-Ditch without the ,\Wall of the City. The modern Improvement of Fleet-Ditch. Made convenient for Barges Drains and Sewers. \ Late Encroachments upon the Walls and Ditch. A Survey taken thereof by Order of the City. The Freedom with- out the Walls. The Length of the Line of Separation p. 1 2 CHAP. IV. The Gates made through the Walls of the City. I. The Poflern-Gate by the Tower. 2. A’ldgate. 3. Bi/hopfigate. 4. Moregate. 5. Crip- plegate. 6. Alder/gate. 7. The Poflern-Gate out of Chrifl’s-Hofioz'tal. 8. Newgate. 9. Lad- ' gate. The Water-Gates. .Queenhz’th, Downgate, Wolfs-Gale, Ehgate, Oyfler-Gate, Bridge-Gate, Belingfgate. Wharfs and Keys p. 14’ CHAP. V. Of the ancient and prefent Rivers, ‘Brooks, Bournes, Pools, Wells, and Conduits of freIh Water, ferving theCity. And par— ticularly the New River, and Thames Water: The prefent State of the City, as .to Water p. 24 CHAP.VI. Of the ancient and famous River of Thames. Whence it deriveth her Head or Ori- ginal, and f0 conVeyeth itIelf on to'the’ City’s Service; being {upplied by divers other {weer Rivers in her Courfe. Its Tides and Over— flowings . p. 30 Cum. VII. A Survey of the River’of Thames, as far as it lies under the Cafe and Infpeé‘tion of the Lord Mayor. And what Care hath been taken ofit by the City . p. 34 CHAP. VIII. A further Teltimony concerning the River of Thames ; and of the Right and Autho« rity of the Lord Mayor of London to the Con- fervancy of the faid River: Proved learnedly, in a Charge given by the Common Serjeant, flnno 1616. An Order from King Charles I. to the Judge of the Admiralty p. 35 CHAP. IX. A more particular Account of the Locks, the Wears, and Mills on the Thames. Publick Orders for the Prefervation of it, and the Filh , p. 40 VOL. I. ”CHAP. XIII. London-Bridge. CHAP. X. A further Account of this famous Ri-’ ver of Thames, as to Io much as the Lord- Mayor of London is Confervator of: With a Ihort Defcription of the divers Towns and Places, within the faid Limits, that are feared on its Banks, on either Side, in Kent, Efiex, Middle/ex, and Surry p, 43 CHAP. XI. Some Acts of Parliament for the Pre- fervation of this River: Likewife fome Orders of the Lord-Mayor, and Ac‘ts of Common- Council, for the Prefervation of the Fifhing, the Confervation and Cleanfing of the River p. 47 CHAP. XII. The River Lee, or Ley.’ An Act for a Cut to be made in it. Scowered and made navigable. A Commiliion of Sewers for the Lee. Cuts made on the Banks of it in they Night~Time, to let out the Water p. The Antiquity it. When firI’t built of Stone. Accidents on the Bridge. The Buildings on it. The mo- dern State of it. Fleet-Bridge. Oldhorn-Brz'a’ge. Cow—bridge p. 57 CHAP. XIV. Of fuch ancient Towers and Caflles, as have been in and about this City of London. Tower on London-Bridge. Baynard’s-Caflle. Monntfiohet—Tower on the Thames. Tower on the Wefl Bridewell. Barhz'tan. T owner-Royal. Sernes-Tower p. 64, CHAP. XV. Of the Tower ofLondon. Its Situa- tion ‘and Magnitude. The Liberties of it. St. Peter’s Church in the Tower. Its Governor and principal Officers. Confiable. His Pri- vileges. Lieutenant of the Tower. Cufios’s of the Tower. Gentleman Porter. Gentleman Gaoler. The Lieutenancy of the Tower p. 69 ’ CHAP. XVI. The Antiquity and firft Foundation of the Tower. Its Buildings, Reparations and Improvements. The new Armoury p. 82 CHAP. XVII. The various Accidents, Occur. rences, and Paflages of Remark, that have happened in or concerning the Tower. Ancient Coins. Wat. Tyler’s Rebellion. Commitments hither. Executions. A Commiflion to view the State of the Tower. The Crown and Globe fi'olen. A full Declaration .of the Manner of it . , P- 36 CHAP. XVIII. Of the Mint in the Tower. The feveral Oflicers belonging to it. And of fuch Monies, both Gold and Silver, as have been coined there. Divers particular Matters re- lating to the Mint ‘ p. 101 CH AP. XIX. Of the Office of the Ordnance kept within the Tower. The feveral Officers. . Matters tranfafted here 13- 109 CHAP. XX. Of the Offices of Keeping the Re- cords in the Tower; of the Regalia ; and of the Lions, and other Wild Beaf’rs and Creatures there . p. 113 CHAP. XXI. Of the Houfes for Students in the f Law, 52 of/ ~mec0NTENTs Law-,- nailed, The Inn: of 'Court and "Chancery ~ ’ ' . 124. CHA’P. XXII. Of Schools and other} Holdfes of Learnihg, as are, or have been, in the City; Surgery Leéttire. Hood’s Mathematical 'and Military Lecture. (ire/ham College. Sir Tho- mas Graham’s Will. The Leftures there. The Settlement thereof ‘ 2 ' . 127 CfiAP. XXIII. The College of Phy/icians; The Ufeftilnefs of this College. Their Charter granted by King Henry VIII. Privileges of this College. Difpe‘nfaries fet Up by' them.. Their Ufeiulnefs. College of Heralds. Their Ufe. Their (Lualifications. Contentions among them. Divers Remarks concerning the He- ralds. Some of them very learned. Mr. Gih- ' hons, Bluemantle, his Heraldo-Memoriale. An Order from the Lord Bindon, Deputy Marfhal f" . , _ ‘ p.143 . CHAP. XXIV. Sion College. Chelfea College. Act of Parliament for it. Intended fora College" of Divines. The prefent good Ufe ofit. The College of Civilians, called Dottors Commons. The leVeral Courts here. The flrches. The fludience. The Prerogative. The Faculties. ‘ The fldmiralty. The Delegates. The Royal Society for the Improvement of Knowledge; So- ciety or College of Antiquaries p. 163 CHARXXV. ’1 he Publick Schools. The Parlia- ment petitioned to for Schools, in the 25th of Henry VI. Which were the ancient ones. St. Anthony’s School. Paul’s School. The Found- ing thereof. The Malters. The School at Mercers Chapel.‘ 'Merchant—‘Taylors School. The Maiters. RatclifiSchool. Chri/t-Church School. A Cotton) there. Charterhouje School. Other ‘Free Schools. Free Schools in Shuth- work and ll’eytminjter. Private Schools. The Charity Schools - p. 182 ICHAP. XXVI. Colleges and Hofpitals. Orders 'fo'r’the GOVernment of‘them. 'Chri/t-Church; St. Bartholomew. St. Thomas. Bridewéll. Beth- ' lehem. And the Workhoufe in Bi/hopfgateé Sfl‘h‘é’l. ' ‘ 7 p. 195 CHARXXVII. St. Catharine’s. Sutton’s Hofpi- tal, commonly called the Charter-houfe. The Savoy.’ Trinity College or .Hofpital. 4,?3 Hpofpital. Dulwich College. Chelfiza College; Greenwich Hofpital. The Hofpital at Deptford. Morden College. Sir Rohert yefl'rey’s Hofpital near Shoreditch p. 229 CHAP. XXVI’II. An Account of the dreadful Fire of London, flnno 1666 g the Damage done by it computed. The Rebuilding thereof, with the feveral Acts of Parliament made for that . Purpofe. The Contents ofthem. An Aé‘t of Common Council, for preventing and fuppref- fing Fires. Infurance of Houfes from Fire - .p. 2 CHAP. XXIX. Ancient Cuf’toms for Trade ai/ig. Merchandize. Whirlicotes. Great Houfc- keeping in London: And Hofpitality. Sports and Paltimes. Comedies and Stage Plays re- firained. Shooting in the Bow. Jui’ts. Cock; fighting: Watches. The Watch at Mid/um- mer. The March then through the City p. 29 3 CHAP. XXX. A Rehearfal of many honourable Aéts of the City and Citizens p. 309 CHAP. XXXI. The Worth of Citizens. Sup— ply their Princes Occafions for prefent Money. Citizens called upon to receive Knighthood. Citizens of Wealth and Honour. ‘ Sir T homas Gre/ham. Sir Baptift Hicks. Several worthy Mayors formerly. Valour of Citizens. Their Loyalty. Their Wifdom. Extraordinary Ho- ’ nours done to the City by Kings and. Nobles. Offices and Places belonging to the City. Li- veries and Fees anciently given, and paid an- nually by the City, to Perfons of Honour, 8c. p: 324 1300 K II. Containing a particular Infleétion into the thirteen Wards on the Ecyt Side of ‘ - . . Walbrooke. ' V ’ HAP. I. The Divilio‘n ofthe City into four Parts: And into twenty—fix Wards, or Al- dermanries, within and without the Walls p. 3464 CHAP. II. Portfoke’n Ward, the firi’t Ward in the eaft Part. Knighten Gdild. The Bounds.” Tri-s nity_Church and Canons. St. Catharine’s. Eafl- Smithfield. The New ‘flhhey. ‘Thc Jl/Iinories. Goodman’s-Fields. St. Botolph, flldgate. Benefac- tors. The modern State o'f,this Ward p. 348; CH AP. III. “Tower‘flreet Ward. Tower-hill. The Liberties‘ of the Tower. Alhallow’s Bar/tin. :St.{ Olave’s Hart flreet. Trinity-houfe.’ St. Dun-i fian’s in the Ea/l. Wharfs and Keys. . 'Cu/tom- . . houjZ’. The modern State of this Ward p. 371 ‘ CHAP. IV. flldgate Ward. The Priory of the: "Holy Trinity ChrzflChurch, now _. St. 7ames? Duke’s-Place. The Confecration thereof. V .st. Catharine Creed-Church. , jhaft. St. Mary-Axe. The Houfe of the 1' Crutched Friars. St.'~Ca-th‘arine Colemanrflreet. ' "Blanch Appleton; The ‘prefent State‘of this ”Ward ' . 'p CHAP. -V. Liine-jtreet-Ward. The Bounds The Manor of Leadenhetll. "Simon Eyre, a fa- “ mous Citizen. . The‘é'Bread Carts of Bath. St. Mary at flue Parifh.‘ The Parifh of Sty/tu- ‘ gu/tz‘ne at the Wall. The“ prefent’ State of this ' 'Wal‘d , "p.414. CHAPL VI. Bifloopfgate Ward. St. Botolph Church. ' A new Churchyard here. A Perfian Merchant’s . 390 of’it. St. Andrew Under-f ' Tomb. St. Mary of Bethlem. Eyher’s Folly. St. Mary Spittle. Lolefworth, or Spittle-Fields. Urns found‘there, and other f’trange Things. St. Ethelhurgh’s. St. Helen’s.. Cro/hy Place. Sir-T. Greyham’s Houfe. The modern Eflate of the Ward .421 CHAP.'VII. Broad fireet Ward. The Bounds. dlhallow’s on the Wall. Paulet Place and Gar— den. The Dutch Church. St. Peter the Poor. Align/tin Friars. Drapers Hall. St. Martin Out— wich. Merchant-Taylor: Hall. St. Bennet Fin/e. 'St. duthony’s; ' St. Bartholomew behind the Ex- change: . St. Chrijtopher’s. Kendrick of this Pa- rilh, his charitable .Will.~ The modern State of this Ward p. 437 CHAP. VIII. Cornhill Ward. The Market. The Tun on Cornhill. The Conduit. The Royal Ex- change. St. Peter’s Cornhill. The Antiquity of that Church. St. Michael’s Cornhill. The Frip- perers of' Corn/oil]. The prefent State of this Ward, , " p. 4.59 CHAP. IX. Langhourn Ward and Penny about; 'St. Gahriel ,Fenchurch. St. Dionis Backchurch. ~ Alhallows Gracechurch in Lomhard—flteet, why rfo called. St. Edmund the King. William de 'la Pole, the King’s Merchant. The Bounds on the South. 'Alhallo'ws Staning Church. St.- 'Nich-olas Alcoa. St. Mary Woolnoth. The pre- fent State of this Ward p. 475 CHAP. X. Billingfgate Ward. The Bounds there} , 4 o fieCONTENTs bi. A free Market fer Flfll here; St. Botolph’s‘ Church. St. Mary-Hill. The Corpfe of a. Wo- man Iound whole one Hundred and feventy . ‘Years after her Death. St. Margaret Patton’s. St. flndrew‘ Huhhert. St. George in Botolph-Lane. The prefent State of this Ward p. 486 CHAP. XI. Bridge Ward within. St. Magnus. St. . C Margaret’s on Hflo-flreet Hill. Eaflcheap. St. jhurch-flreet Market. The Eifhmongers, for- merly two Companies. The Black Prince’s Houle. The prefent State of this Ward p; 494. HAP. XII. Candlewick—fireet'Ward. Weavers Foreigners, anciently in Candlewichaflreet. St. Clement Ea/teheap. St. Mary Ahchurch. St. Mi- chael Crooked-lane. Sir William Walworth’s Story. The Arms of the City. St. Martin’s St. Leonard Bonnet Graceeharch. Grace- ‘ CHAP. XIII. Walhrooh Ward: Orgar’s. St. Laurence Pountne . El‘ t i - car qualified to a Wonder. The nihhiifStIahe Of this Ward < ~ / . _., 2.8;. . 1).. 503 . . The Bounds. St. Swithzn’s Church. London-Stone. Stocks-Maw hot. St; Mary Woolchureh. St. Stephen Wal- hrooh. St. 7ohn’s upon Walhroo/e. St. Mary . 'Bothaw. Whether. Henry Fitzvfllwyne was bu- ried there. The prefeht State of this Ward . [O CHAP. XIV. Dowgate Ward. The Bounds.P 75'al- l‘ow-ihana'lers-hall. Shinners—hall. 7'efus Com; mons. Inn-holders-hall.’ The Erher. ’I‘heIStil— yard, and the Merchants of the Haunce. fli- hallow’s the Great. Alhallow’s the Lefs. Cold Harhour. Merchant-Taylor: School in Sufiolk— lane. The prefent State of this Ward ‘ p. 518 BOOK III. Containing‘a particular I nflhefiion into the twelve Wards on the weft Side of Walbrook. HAP. I. Wards on the weft SideofWal- .hroole; and firft of Vintry Ward. Bourdeaux Merchants. The Vintners great Merchants. St. Michael Paternofler in the Tower Royal. W hitting- ton’s College. The Tower Royal. St. Thomas flpofile’s. St. Martin’s in the Vintry. St. .7anies Garlic/e—Hithe. Richard Lions, beheaded by Wat Tyler, his Monument. Theprefent State of this Ward , p. 526 CHAP. II. Cordwainersflreet Ward. Sopar’sdane, \CHAP. III. Cheap Ward. The Bounds of whence Io called. St. Antholine’s.. St. Mary All dermary. Sir Henry Keehle. St. Mary le Bow. Antiquities of Bow Church, Bell, and Steeple. The Crownfild in Cheapfide. The prefent State of this Ward 1). 537 it : St. Sithe’s, or Bennet Sherehog. St. Pancras Sopar’s-lane. St. Mildred’s Pariih. The Par- fonage-Houfe there. The Grocers Hall ; the Bank of England fome Time kept here; St. Mary Colechurch ', Thomas a Becket, here born and chrif‘tened, Sopar’s-lane. The Standard in Cheap; Great Crois in Cheap. St. Thomas of . flcars; the Mercers Company; St. Martin’s c CHAP. V. Baflng-hall Ward. The Bounds. We Vers Company. Baflng-hall. The Family of . a Market for ' _ C Ponzery; St. fllhallow’s Honey-lane; Guildhall; the Chapel hard by St. Lawrence 7ewry; two Fraternities here. The prefent State of this Ward R p. 546 HAP. IV. Coleinan-flreet Ward. The Bounds. Antiquities in this Ward. The fews Syria. gogue in Lothhury. St. Olaoe in the 7ewry. The King’s Palace in the Old yewry. St. Margaret Lothhury. St. Stephen Coleman—flreet.\ The pre- fent State of this Ward p. 56"“ J a. the Baflngs. Blackwel-Hall, Cloth. St. Michael Bafi/haw. The prefent State of this Ward ' p. 578 HAP. VI. Cri/‘plegate Ward. The Bounds. Moorfields. St. Mary dldermanhury. St. [Wary Magdalen Milhlflreet. Elflng Spittle. St. fli- phage lVood-fireet. St..Alhan’s W’oodvfireet. St. Michael in Wood—flreet. The Head of King 7ames the Fourth buried there. St. Giles’s Crip plegate. The Monuments there. The Gifts. The Circuit of St. Giles’s. Brotherhood of St. Giles’s. The 7ews Garden. Barhican. The prefent State of this Ward » p. 582 CHAP. VII. Alder/gate Ward. The Bound$;with- in and Without. " St. Mary Staining. St. 7ohn C 4" k, CHAP. X. Queenhith Ward. The Bounds. Zachary. Goéfiniths-Hall. Principal Goldfmiths.‘ St. Olave’s in Silver-jireet. St. Leonard h'ofleré lane. St. flnne in the PVillows. _ SE.- Martin’s le Grand. St. Buttolph alder/gate. The prefent State of this Ward p. 60I HAP. VIII. Faringdon Ward infra, or within. Whence fo called. The Bounds. St. Peter’s Cheap. St. fio/ier’s. St. Nicholas. The Grey- Friars. Chri/l’s-Church. St. MatthewlFriday- fireet. ,The Old. Exchange.’ St. flugufline’s. The‘CathedraI of St. Paul’s. The Foundation and Building thereof. St. Faith’s. Monuments . in St. Paul’s. St. Martin’s by Ludgate. The Prifoners there. ' Black-Friars. The Liberties thereof. The fatal Vefper there. St. Michael the Querne. St. Ewen’s. The prefent State of this Ward p.623 HAP“ 1X. Bread-fireet Ward. The “Bounds. The Bakers of London. Cheapflde raifed. Gold— fmiths-Row. The Old Change. ’Alhallow’s Bread—flreeti St. 'Mildred Bread-jireet. Gtrard’s Hall. The Compter in Bread fireet. St. 7ohn the anngelifl. St. Margaret .Mofes. The pre- fent State of this Ward p. 68 5 The Church of the Holy Trinity. St. Nicholas Cold flhhey. St. Nicholas Olave. Bilhop of Here ford’s Inn. St. Mary Mounthaut. StfiMary Sornerfet. St. Peter’s Paul’s Wharf Queenhith. The CuI’torns there. The prefent State of this .Ward p'. 692 CHAP. XI. Ca/ileéBaynard Ward. .The Bounds. c Beaumont’s-Inn, ,Scrope’s-Inn. Btlrley-Hoit/e. Baynard’s-lCa/lle. -Mills on the Fleet Water. .St. Bennet by Paul’s Wharf. St. /1ndrew in the Wardrohe. The ‘King’s Wardrobe. Derhy- Hon/e. Doii'ors Commons. St. Mary" Magdalen Old Fijhflreet. Three W eI’t Gates of St. Paul’s. Lollard’s T ower.’ ‘ St: Gregory’s by St. Paul’s, The prefent State of this Ward p. 702 gal). XII. The Ward of Faringdon extra, or without. The Bounds. St. Bartholomew’s Hof- pitali St. Bartholomew the Lefl. Priory of St: Bartholomew. Great St. Bartholomew, Barf/2o- lomew-Fair. Sinithfi’eld. St. ‘ Sepulchre’s. Ely Place. St. Andrew’s Holhorn. The Fleet. .St. Dun/fan’s in the We“. The I-Ioufe of 'Con- verts. . The Rolls. Bridewell. St. Bridget’s, or .St. Bride’s! The White-friars. The new Temple; Templars. The prefent State of this Ward ‘ p. 7 l t T H, E l ATHE COTNT E,l\l T.S Of the SECOND‘VOLUME. B ' O O K 'IV. I Containing a particular I nyfoeflion into tl7e Ward in’tlae Boroago of Southwark : A: a‘l/o toe Salaros oft/2e City, and the Linerty of tbe Date/9y of Lancaf’ter. ‘ HAP. I. Bridge Ward without, the 26th in C Number, confiflzing of the Borough of South- wark, in the County of Sarry. How this came to be one of the Wards. King Edward’s Grant of Soatbwark. _ Paris/’Garden, Ebri/t’s Church . Pa’rifhu The Stews. The Bifhop of W'z'nebeyter’s , Houfe. St. Mary Onerie. St. Mary Magdalen. St. A/[argaret on—the Hill. Soatlawar/e Place. St. George’s Soutlawark. The Gaols; White Lion, King’s-Bencb, and ' Mar/nalfea. St. Tbomas’s Hofpital. St. Olave’s. Abbot of St. Aagaflin’s Inn. The Abbey ofBernzondfey. St. Mary Mag~ dalen Bermandfiey. This Borough farmed ; af- terwards purchafed of the Crown. The pre- . fent State of this Ward p. 3 CHAP. II. The same: without the Walls brief- ly touched : As alfo without the Liberties more atlarge defcribed. Confideration of the Inha~ bitants and Buildings- The Suburb without the Pofiern by the Tower. Wapping : The Chap there made a Parifh. The Allam-looafi in W pping : W’apping Marfh. Ratclilf Waite— cbapel : How it came to be called St. Mary Matfellon. St. Dan/fan’s Stepney. Divers Re- marks of that Parifh. Stepney Marfh. Suburb without Bi/lyopfgate. Snoreditel). St. Leonard, Sboreditel). New artillery. Banbil Fields. A Burying-place. Suburb without the Poltern of ‘ Moorgate. Moorfields. Suburb without Cripple- ate _ . p. 32 CHAP. III. Suburb without alder/gate, Suburb without Nev/gate. Hie/rs’s-loall. The Charter- lzoafe. The Priory of St. 7obn’s of 7erafalem. St. yames’s Clerkenwell. The old Well of Clerk- entoell. Holoorn. Gray’s—inn. The old Temple. Houfe of Converts. The Rolls Liberty. The ; Black-friars in Holoorn. Lincoln’s-inn : The Chapel there. St. Giles: And the Hofpital of I St. Giles. Suburb without Ladgate p. 59 ' CHAP. IV. The Parifh of St. Giles in tbe Fields. ~ The Bounds and prefent State of it. The Cha- pel in Great Queen—firm. St. Giles’s Church. New-built. Monuments of the Dead there p. 76 CHAP. V. An Abfiraét, or brief Relation of the two Manors or Lordfhips of Steoanbitlo, alias Stepney, and Hackney, Suburbs North~eafi in the County of Middlefex, with the free Cuftoms, Benefits, and Privileges to them belonging, and how they. are holden by the Copyhold Te- nants of the Right Honourable Thomas Lord Wentwortb, with fome other efpecial and re- markable Notes, both of reverend Antiquity, and modern Memory p. 84. . CHAP. VI. A Survey taken the 30th Day ofDe- eemler, Ann. Dom. 1 567, and the 10th of (been Eli/anew, of the Manor of Finsoary, in the County of Mddlefex, belonging to the Prebend of Holywel and Finsoary, in the Cathedral Church of St. Paul’s, London. ‘Wherein are particularly fpecified, as well the capital Mef- fuage and Site of the {aid Manor, and all other Mefl‘uages, Houfes, Gardens, Orchards, Lands, Tenements, Meadows, Failures, Leafures, and other Grounds, being of the Demains of the faid Manor ; with the Butts and Bounds there- of : As alfo the Rents and Services belonging to the faid Manor, and the Names of the Te- nants by whom the fame are to be paid : With Mention alfo, for what Lands the fame Rents and Services are due, with the Butts and Bounds thereof - i p. 97 CHAP. VII. Liberties of the Date/9y of Laneajter. The Bounds. Vacant Places. Earner-locale. St. Mary in the Strand. The May-pole in the Strand. The Hofpital of the Savoy : Vifited. St. Mary Savoy. The Bounds and prefent State of the Savoy Parifh. St. Clement Dane’s. The Bouads and Buildings of this Parilh. The Go- vernment of this Date/9y. ‘ p. 100 BOOK V. Containing an Account of the Government and Governor: of the City of Lon- don : I t: Corporations and Trades ; it: Laws, Orders, and Caflorns ; and Militia. don. And firl’t of the Ecclefiafiical State. A ? Table of the daily Hours of, Prayer, Ede. in CHART. The Government of the CityofLon- London and W'eflininfler, with the Out-Pariflres. Catalogue of all the Bifhops of London, and the . 'Parifhes and Churches. A n ancient Lift of them. eVery Church. Weekly Lectures. Boyle’s Month- ,ly Lecture. Anniverfary Sermons. p. 1 I ' Their Patrons and Tenths. Religious HOufes, :CHAP. II. The State of the Parilh Priel’ts and Pa- Hofpitals, 8e. Tables of the late or prefent Incumbents, Values, fife. of all the Parifhes in 2 l rifhioners of London anciently. The Offerings to be paid them. Pope Nickolas’s Bull for that Purpofe, 7beCONTENTS. Ptirpofe. MOre Contefts about Offerings. Ar— ticles for aVifitation of the Pariihes, Anna I 498. Inquifition in St. Magnas’s Parilh‘ upon thofe . Articles p, 1g6 CHAP. III. The Endeavours ufed in the City for the Rei’training of Vice, Promoting of Clarif- tian Knowledge, Religion, and Sobriety at Home, and extending theKnowledge of the Gofpel in other Parts, By Means of the Reli~ gious Societies. Society for ReformatiOn of IVIanners. Reformation of the Stage. Soci- , ety for promoting Cbrlfiz'an Knowledge. ' Soci- ety for Propagation of the Gofpel in Foreign Parts. Societies of young Men. Charities and Provifions made for the Poor. PrOviflons for them in- the Winter. Charity Schools: Their prefent State. Reformation in finging Pfalms. The Commiflion for the Augmentation of fmall Livings by Queen Anne’s Bounty. The Aét for Building fifty new Churches in the City and Suburbs. The Scott Corporation. p. 143 CHAP. IV. ,An Account of the Gifts and Chari- ties Committed to the Trui‘c of the Twelve Companies, and the Names of the Donors -, ap- propriated to Hofpitals, Alms-‘Houfes, Free- Schools, Livings endowed, Lectures, Exhibi- tions, annual Gifts, {9%. ‘ p. 1.70 CHAP. V. Of the temporal Government of this City -, Portgraves, Mayors, Sheriffs, and A1- dermen ; divers Remarks concerning them and their Privileges; their Eleétion in former Times -, Controverfies of late about Election of Sheriffs,fettled by an Aét ofCommon-Coun- cil, Anna 1703 -, their Cufloms, and the Exer- cife of their Offices p. I 86 CHAP. VI. The ancient Government of the City. A Catalogue of the Portgraves, Cuf’tofes, Bai- liffs, Mayors, and Sheriffs. A Relation of di- ' vers Accidents of Remark falling out in the City‘from Time to Time under thofe refpeétive Magif‘trates : And other memorable Matters "noted ' p. 21 1 CHAP. VII. Government by Mayors, how ancient. Chief Butler at Coronations; his Privileges and State. Sheriffs, their Office ; their Courts. Under-fheriffs. Ancient Fees due to the Mayor and Sheriffs . p.I 235 CHAP. VIII. The Aldermen of London. Ancient Cuf’toms concerning them. Their Wards. A _ Life of the Common~Council-me-n. Recorders. A Catalogue of the City, and of the Mayors and Sheriffs. A Lift of them. Common Serjeants and Town-Clerks. Liveries given by the Mayor and Sheriffs. The Order and Precedency of the Companies. The Order of the Apparel of Mayors, Sheriffs, and r Aldermen, according to their Days of Meet- ing. Under—Officers of the City : And their Oaths p. 238 CHAP. IX. Freemen’of the City, called Barons. The Companies, or Corporations : Their Coats of Arms, Charters, Times of their Incorpora— tions. The Mercers,Grocers, Drapers, Filli- mongers, Goldfmiths, and Skinners . p. 257 CRAP. X. The Merchant-Taylors Company. Ha- berdalhers, or Milliners 3, why f0 called. Salters, Ironmongers, Vintners -, them by King Edward tlae Tlalrd. Clothwork- ers. ’ p. 277 Ci-IAP. XI. The other Companies following the Twelve. Dyers. Brewers. Controverfies about Gauging their Veffels. Qlantity of Beer brew- ed in London. Number of Brewers. Prices fet upon Beer and Ale.~ Portage Beer. Leather- iellers. The GloversComplaint againf’t them. A Patent for Sealing of. Leather, earneftly op— pofed by the Company. Pewterers -, their Pa— tent for Calling of Tin Bars p. 28.8 CIIAP. XII. Barber-Surgeons, formerly two d1- flinét Companies. Armourers 3 VVhite—Bakers ; Von. II. C C m. OtherOfficersof‘the ’ their Charter given ‘ Wax-Chandlers ~,\ Tallow:Chandlei-s, they had a_ Patent forfearchmg Oil, Vinegar, Butter Hops, and Soap. ‘ CUtlers,iGirdler§;Ta1idBut: Chers : Some lofe their Freedom, and why ? A , Motion to remove Slaughter-Houfes out of the City. Sadlers, Carpenters, and Cordwainers : The Contei’t between the Shoemaker's of Wdl- mi er, and other [Strangers and Foreigners of tha; Trade. An‘Order of Star—Clanmlerabout them. Painters ~, the Decay of Painting. Curl“ riers ', Contention between themand the Cords wainers. ‘Mafons. Plumbers p. 295‘ C HAP. XIII. Innholders, Founders, Embroiderers, Poulterers,Cooks,Coopers, Bricklayers,and Ty- Iers; Bowyers, Fletchers; thefe two Companies, with" the Stringers and Arrow-headmakers, their Petition, for the Reiteration ofArchery. (been Ell/aletb’s Commiflion for the Laws about Shooting in the Bow. Bowi’taves. Black- fmiths, Joiners, Plaii’terers, and Weavers -, their Complaint againfi the Silk-W'eavers ; the City take their Parts. F ruiterers, Scriveners, Bot— tle—makers, and Horners; their Complaint up- on a Licenfe granted to tranfport Horns ; their; Charter p, 303 HAP. XIV. Stationers, the ancient Printers. Or- dinances made in the Star—Chanda” for Printv ing. Privileges granted to particular Perfons for Printing, certain Books. The Controver— fies arifing among the Stationers thereupon. Decrees in the Star-Chamber for refraining the Liberty of the Prefs. An Act in Ric/yard tlae Tln'rd’s Reign, encouraging Bringing in Books and Printers, into the Realm, repealed. Mar— blers, Woolpackers, F arriers, Paviors, Lori- ners, Brown-Bakers, White-Bakers, Wood— mongers, and Upholiierers: Deceits in that Trade. An Endeavour to procure the Search- ing of their Goods. The Company’s Petitions. Turners, Glaziers, Clerks, W'atermen, Apo- thecaries, and Silk-Throwers 3 their Incorpo— ration p. 307 HAP. XV. Glovers, Tinners, and Dii’tillersz A- bufes of Diftillers : . A Patent granted for the Preventing thereof. Clock-makers, Muficians, and F elt-makers ; their Endeavours to be made a Corporation- : .Move for a_Search ofFlocks and Wool. Sope—makers : Three Sorts of Sope. Glafs—fellers : Verfelyn, a Venetian, the firfi: that fet up a Glafs-Houfe in‘ England. Pot— ters, fine Galley Ware. Coach and Coach- Harnefs—makers, Pinners and Needlers : Peti— tion againfi foreign Pins and Needles. Pattern- makers, an ancient Trade. Notaries; their Complaint of a Patent for making Policies. Broggers or Brokers : Their Complaint of the fame. Retailing Broggers. Refiners of‘Sugar ; began in England in 154.4. Players, Retainers to Noblemen, Silkmen, Shipwrights, Surgeons, 53°C. A Scheme of the Companies p. 323 CHAP. XVI. Many Lands and Tenements of the Companies, given away by an Aét in King Ed- ward the Sim/9’s Reign, purchafed again of the King. A Lift thereof. A Project for each Company to fend out a Ship for Trade. None to exercife any Trade thari what he was Ap- prentice to. . The Troubles of the Companies by Means of the Patents granted for concealed Lands ‘ . _ P- 335 - CHAD. XVII. Trade. Cul‘tom—Houfe, Weights, and Meafures. Merchants ;,various Corpora- tions of them. ‘Merchants of the Staple, Myer- chant-Adventurers. Ruflla MerchantS. The Eaflland Merchants. Levant Merchants. fria- nz'fla ‘Merchants. EaflJndz'a Merchants. I‘ he African Company. The Canary Company. 'I he Spansz, Portugal, Italian, Franc/h, Dutch, and . Weft—India Merchants. The Royal Eithery . 342 l: Cafe CHAP. XVIII. Tonnage and Poundage. ' between 8 one '. 0 0N T EN T s between the Merchants and the Barons of the five Ports. A Table of Duties of the King’s Beam and Water-Bailiage., Blackwell-ball, the Market for Cloth. The Wharfs and Keys of the Port of London. A8; for the regulating car‘- - riages and Carts. Rates appointed to be taken for Carriage. The Corporation of Mariners, ' called Trinity-nonfie - p. 375 CHAP. XIX. Remarks Concerning the Merchants] of London. Their Numbers in King Edward’s and ween Elifaoetb’s Days. Their Voyages northward for DifcoVery of foreign Regions, and Settling Traffic. Their Commodities, Beer, Sea-coal, Iron Ordnance. A Regif’ter for Poli- cies, Charter Parties, C‘fc. Foreign Merchants ; Laws concerning them. Complained of for re- turning Monies out of the Land by Exchange. Bound to Employment here. Ill—Will to Stran- gers : Their Manufactures. Reafons ofi‘ered to the Parliament againfi Naturallfing Aliens P- 3 5 CHAP. XX. Some further Account of the Stran- gers that fettled in London. Their Trades, Ma~ nufaétures of Baize : The Search and Sealing thereof. Their Numbers. Complaints againl’t them. Their Friends. They lend the (%i{een Money. The State of the Freneb Prote ant Refugees, Anna 1687 . p. 402 CHAP. XXI. Laws, Cuf’toms, and Ufages, anci- ent and modern. Afiizes of Annoyances. Sta— tutes for the Streets; for Paving and Cleanfing them. Old Cufioms for Freedom. Laws of the Market. An Act to prevent F orel’talling and Engrofiing the Market. An Award in a Cafe between the Farmers of the Market and the Market-Folks. Rates for Standing. Rates for ' .Hackney-Coaches and Chairs p. 408 CHAP. XXII. Laws and Cul‘toms of the Ward~ mote Inqueflz. The Mayor’s Precept to the Aldermen. Articles of Inquiry. Exemplary P-unifhments infiiélzed upon Bawds, Harlots, {9%. An Act of Common-Council about the Wardmote . p. 4.16 CHAP. XXIII. The Laws and Ordinances for Or- hans and Children of F reemen. The Order taken for them by Aét of Common—‘Councrl, 5 Edward VI. The Act for the Orphans, An, 5 8t 6 of PVilliam and Mary, of 4. l. per, Cent. F reemen and Apprentices. Habit of Appren— tices. An Apprentice lofes not the Degree of aGentleman. Apprentices a confiderable Body. Exaétion of Fees upon Apprentices. Some Notes out of the Records concerning the F ree— of the Cit ‘ p. 424. Cndziifil XXIV. Plincient Afiize and Weight of Bread : An Ordinance for it according to the ' Price of Wheat. Old Orders for Bakers. How the Allize of Bread was made each Year. The Bakers Halimotes. AlTay of Bread according to the Regale of England. Laws and Charges for Bakers. Miller, Baker, Brewer, Butcher, F ifher, Cook, Innholder, Taverner, Tallow- chandler, Spicer, Weaver, Tanner, Cordwamer, Currier, White Tawyer, Mercers, 6o. F ore- ftallers. All their Afiizes. Standard for Weights adjul’ted. Meafure for Seacoal, and Other Things meafurable upon the Thames p. 4:39 CHAP. XXV. The Royal Charters of the City from Edward the Confeflor, and from William Ilae Conqueror to King Charles II. The Saxon Char- ter of William the Conqueror fpecified, and of ,v s. Henry I. The City’s Charter feized by King warletlI. Sent back to the City by King 7ames II, a little before his Abdication. Rellored un- der King PI/illiam and Qieen Mary, by Aft of - Parlia’niéht. A Repertory of the Contents of all the Charters granted to the City p. 448 CHAP. XXVI. The Citizens upon all Occafions infill upon their Ch‘artérs. Sometimes contend with the King. The good Orders and Govern- ment of the City depend hereon. Articles for the City confirmed by the Broad Seal. Provi- fions of Flefl‘i, Fowl, and Fifh, rated by the Mayor and Sheriffs at the King’s Command— ment. Care taken about Proviiion for Bread .4 CHAP. XXVII. The Courts of London.P TI): Huflingr. The Lord-Mayor’s Court. The Or— phans Court. The prefent State of the Orphans. The Court of Aldermen. Lift of the City Of- ficers. The feveral Offices in the Gift of the May- or and Aldermen. Court of Common-Council. Committees chofen out of the Common-Coun- cil. The Chamberlain’s! Court. Cul’toms about Apprentices. Sheriffs Courts. Court of Re: - qnefls, or of Confrienoe. The Court of Confer- vaney. Other lelTer Courts. The Court of the King’s Commiflion-of Oyer and Terminer, held in the Old-Baily. Pleas of the Crown, held an- ciently at the Tower ‘ p. 466 CHAP. XXVIII. Laws and Cuf’toms of the City. Privileges of the Lord-Mayor, and of the Al-l dermen. Their Precedencies.. Aldermen have a negative Voice. Fares of Watermen, Coaches, and Carmen. The Watch. The Markets. A Table of Rates for Market-Folks Standing. The Poi’ts. Packet-Boats. ApPoft—mai‘ter for Strangers. Inland-Poll. Penny-Poll. Office of Infurance for Houfes. Union F ire-Office for In- furance of Goods p. 4.85 CHAP. XXIX. Divers of the molt important Afts 'of Common-Council 3 againl’t employing work- ing Foreigners. Againf’t Hawkers in and a- bout the Streets. Againft felling and colouring foreign Goods. No Foreigner to keep open Shop in the City. Taking up Places in the Streets to fell Wares, to the Hindrance of the Markets. Market-Bell. Laws for Porters 3 Tackle Porters -, Street Porters. Tronage, and Weighing Goods at the King’s Beam. Acts and Charters about it. The watch. The Mar- kets. Information of foreign Buying and Sel- ling. Hawkers and Pedlars. Charters con- cerning foreign Buying and Selling p. 510, CHAP. XXX. A Colleétion of divers Orders and Appointments made for the City : ‘Nith divers remarkable Matters happening in Queen Eli— faoez‘lo’s Reign. Proclamations and-Orders. The prefent State of London, as to its \Vealth and Health. Weekly Bills of Mortality. Plagues in London. Number of Souls : And the In— creafe of the Inhabitants p. 534. CHAP. XXXI. The.Military Government of the City of London. Mufters of the Citizens in former Times. The City raifed Men to de- fend themfelves on Occafion. A Book drawn for Marfhalling the City. The Military Go- vernment now ettablilhetl in the Trained Bands iand Auxiliaries. The Artillery Company. A Defcription of London, the Houfes, Gardens, Streets, Rivers, in ancient Times, by Sir $2790- mas Moore and Sir Thomas Cloaloner p. 566 ' BOOK \ The co N T ENT 3 BOOK'VI. Containin ' A‘ - . - . 'l g an ccoant of the Antiquities, Bonna’s, Lzhertzes, Part/hes, Churches, in royal Palaces, Courts of jaflice, great H oer/es, and other eminent Places 0 th ‘ Cityof Wef’tminl’ter; together with the ancient Mona/leg: and Church ofStf Peter there. 7?; wrist is added, . - An Alppenclix of certain Traé‘ts, and other Remarhs relating to London : And ‘ a Circuit-Walh to the Charchesfoar or five Miles round ahottt. H A P. I. The Defcription of Wdimz'nfler, proceeding from Temple—Bar. Clement’s-Inn. New-Inn. Lion’s-Inn. Cecil-Hoafe. Our Lady’s Chapel of the Pew. The Meafle. Darham-Houje. The New Exchange. Torh- Plate. Charing-Crofs. St. 7ames’s. Tilt-Yard. Scotland-ford. White- Hall. Wool/taple. The Abbey of St. Peter’s. The Founding thereof. This Church turned to a Collegiate Church. King Henry the Seventh’s Chapel. His Monument. The Monuments in this Church ‘ p. 575 CRAP. II. The Epitaphs and Inferiptions upon the Perfons interred in St. Peter’s. Privileges of Sanétuary belonging to this Church. Debt- Ors efcape hither. Names of the Abbots and. Deans of We/lminfler , p. 596 CHAR. III. St. Margaret’s Church. The Monu- ments there. The Palace of Wrflminfier. The great Hall. Feafiings, Parliaments, and Law Courts held there. Court of Exchequer. Dutchy Court. Office of Receipt. Star Chamber. Court of Wards and Liveries. Court of Requelts. Houfe of Lords. Subterraneous Apartments.The Trea- fury.Treafury for Records. Augmentation Of- l fice. St. Stephen’s. Parliament Houfe. Our Lady of the Pew. Cotton Houfe and Library. Clock- houfe. Gatehoufe. The Ambrey. The firf’t Printing-prefs‘here. Tot/sill Street. Petty France. Man/ell’s Houfle in Tothill, where divers Kings and Qieens and Nobles were entertained. The Government and Liberties p. 620 CHAR. IV. The Government of this City. The Burgelies and Afi’ifiants. The twelve Wards. Other Officers. Orders for Butchers and Poul-- terms of Wdtmiryter. What Meal weekly fold by the Bakers, The Poor of Wcflminjter. A Work-houfe for poor and idle Perfons. Lord Datre’s Hofpital'. Aét of Parliament for the Government of this City p. 63 5- CHAP. V. The prefent State of this City. The Government of it. St. Margaret’s Parifh: With the Streets and Places therein. New Chapel. St. Martin’s in the Fields p. 640‘ CHAP. VI. The Boundaries, Streets, Lanes, Paf- fages, and new Buildings, of St. 7ames’s, St. flnne’s, and St. Paul’s Covent Garden Church ; with the Monuments of the Dead, and Inferip- tions thereon, in each Parifh p. 655 APPENDIX. 0f certain Trafts, Dflconr/es, and other Remarks, concerning the State of the City of London. HAP. I. A Difcourfe commendatory of the City of London. Of Cities in general. Of the Singularities of this City. The Benefit ofits Situ- ation. Martial Services; and Aids to its Princes. Its Government. Its Numbers of Inhabitants. Their Qaalities. Their Strength. TheirWealth. Merchants. Retailers. The great Advantages accruing to Prince and Country by London. Rebellions and Tumults of the Citizens. The Caufes thereof. And of their Punilhments in— fiiéted by forne of the Kings p. 672 Curiofities found in London, before and fume the great Fire p. 69: CHAP. VI. Lndgate, what it is; not What it was. Or, a full and clear Difcovery and Defcription of the Nature and Quality, Orders and Govern- ment, Duties of Olhcers, Benefits and Privi- leges, Fees and Charges, of that Prifon'; alfo an e aft Catalogue of the Legacies now be- longing to the faid Prifo'n ; the Names of the feveral Donors, and the Perfons appointed to pay them. Very ufeful and profitable to all‘ Sorts of Perfons, efpecially in London, whether Creditors or Debtors. Alfo, an Epiltle Dedie catory, and a Preface, wrote by the Author, then a Prilbner there p. 694. CHAP. VII. The Order. "of the Hofpitals of King Henry the viijth, and King Edward the 'thh, _ viz. St. Bartholomew, Chrifl’s, Bridewell, St. Thomas’s. By the ivlaior, Commonalitie, and, Citizens of London, Governours, of the PoiIef- fions, Rchnues, and Goods of the fayd Hoff pitals, {limo 1557 p. 703‘ CHAP. VIII. An Act of Common—Council , to- gether with certain Orders, Rules, and Direc- tions touching the Paving and Cleanfing the Streets, Lanes, and 'commcin PalTages, within the City of London and Liberties thereof , and other Things relating thereunto p. 712 CHAP. IX.’ Orders and Ordinances, for the better Government of the Hofpital of St. Bartholomelju 4. t : CHAP. II. The ancient Traét of Fitz—Stephen, an Author in the Reign of King Henry the Second .- Containing a Defcription of London in his Time. With Stow’s Preface to the Reader. A VVrit- ing of the Privileges of the City, by Charters and Aé‘ts of Parliament, on Occafion of the Qua Warranto p. 679 CHAP. III. A Writing of a learned Lawyer and Antiquarian, concerning the Laws and Privi— leges of the City of London, by Charter and Aé‘ts of Parliament, compofed upon the Occa- lion of the 9 no Warranto, in the‘Reign of King Charles the.VSecond p. 686 CHAP. IV. Of the Charities and charitable Founs dations belonging to the City. Hoipitals, for Perfons bereft of their Wits, Lepers, Blind, poor People, and Children. Hofpitals of la— ter Erection. Lazar-houfes p. 689 CRAP. V. Of divers Roman and other antique The-CONTENTS. the Lefi. Publifhed in‘the Reign of King Ed- ward the Sim/y, for the Vindication of the Ci- tizens Care thereof, and the faithful Difchargc of their Truf‘t in the faid Hofpital, committed to them by King Henry tine Eig/yt’b ~,' againl’t cer- tain Clamours and Slanders raifed by fome ill- minded Perfons in thofe Days. And printed again, Anno MDLXXX p. 717 CHAP. X. A brief Difcourfe, declaring and ap- , proving the neceITary and inviolable Mainte— nance of the laudable Cufioms of London: 1 Namely, of that one whereby a reafonable Par- tition of the Goods of Hulbands among their, Wives and Children is provided; with an An- ’ fwer tofuch Objections and pretended Reafons, as are, by Perfons unadvifed or evil perfuaded, ufed againf’t the fame. Written by fome learn- ‘fbe Perarnon/otz'on, or Qirenit-Wa/ié. ' H A P. I. A~Vifitation of the Towns and Churches within four or five Miles dii’tant of London, viz. Ken/ing’ton, Hammerfmitb, Cbelfea, Fulbam, Pnlney, Wondefwortlo, Botterfen, Clap- bam, Comberwel, Lornoet/a, and Newz'ngton Butts. With Cognifance of the Monuments of the Dead in thofe Churches V p. 7 32_ CHAP. II. The Circuit-Walk on the fouth-eaf’t and eaft Parts, viz. Rotberbz'tb, Deptford, Greenwich: The College there,'the Hofpital there. Stepney, the Parfonage : Divers Remarks of that Parilh. Poplar. Bloekwall. With Cognifance of the Monuments of the Dead in thofe Parilhes p. 48 CHAP. III. The Circuit-Walk, on the eafi: 21nd north-eaf‘t Parts, bordering upon London : viz. Sbodwell St. Paul. Bromley St. Leonard. Strot: ford le Bow. We]! Horn. Low Leyton. Wol- tbam/tow. W onfled. With an Account of the An- tiquities; Monuments of the Dead; and bene- 4 - with ’IICW‘ [‘1‘ $9 :9- , u . .- ed Lawyer unknown, about the Year I 580 P' 725 volent Charities in thofe Parifhes. p. 764. CHAP. IV. The Circuit-Walk on the north and north-Weft Parts bordering upon London, viz. Hockney, Stoke—Newington, Iflz’ngton, Ponerofi, Hnggote, MW} [e Bonne. Together with an Ac- count of Records, Antiquities, Country-Seats, charitable Wills of many eminent Perfons, and Monuments of the Dead ingthofe Parilhes p. 79 5 Names of the. Reprefentatives of the Cities of London and IVdfmz'n/Zer, and the Borough ,of Sontbwork, from the Beginning of the Sum- mons to Parliament : .With the Years of the Reigns of the feveral Kings and Qieens, when the. refpeétive Parliaments met and fat, and the Places where p. 810 An Alphabetical Life of all the Streets, Lanes,- Courts, Alleys, {9°C. in the Cities of London and lVejlmin/ler, and their Suburbs, and in the B0- rough of Soul/Ewart}. p. 816 .0, AsURVEY e I lu—x—n '41: an“... n....-..».n..~.t,.-............_.. 1.....- .__,_. ‘ S ,4.) \ , . r ¥ \§ 35:“ ‘ ‘\ i ‘ x ‘r \ _ ‘ x ‘ ~ ‘ \ \ x g A N \ , \ K - ‘s ,I N 7~ \ \x ‘0, ~“ “ ‘v \i ‘1‘ - A e' , ‘ . -, ,WIAQ 1 \ Mm “NA” “““\~~.\:n ‘\ ‘ . \ «\ ‘ V A . \x " \\ \\ \vfl V‘VH\\~\\\\\\\\\‘\\\sn.n“..\\m\\\\\-‘*‘\ ‘ ‘ ‘ ‘ \ \ \ ‘ . . r ,/,N/v-’ -/ ”' at“, -' ,_, , _,...., ,4,» I , I ~ -. . \ X ‘ ‘ > K » _ . \\\\\ ‘ ¢ ‘ N ‘ ~ . \ \ _ a w“ ~ I .mw“ \ \ MN“ ~ _ _ ‘ L1 - \'\"~~~~\m“ \ ‘W , _ l ' ‘ ‘ ‘Iv \ ‘ , H .W.‘ m ““““ WWW; \ > . .,. .‘..._\...w.\\ NM NM \ ' ‘ ‘\\ _ ‘ ..‘ V .‘ M‘ . I” . 17,7,A'vd" "' ,4, .,» « " ' 4 ; ” " W.\ k. - ' ~' * ”I, "Wfi.~mm~¢flf.’f”fi . 7.x / , . "”' ,, , ‘ I» .., ”mu-r” ”~sz 5' X / . ’ , . -h-U“ ,.,. ,, > / ..,u~‘- ”hm”. - __ X , , W” ' A ’ - ,4 mu ’1 _. - ’ / . ~ '4 éH‘ :. ,9 »' '1 , @11ng . ,_ 411:1“) ”Uri "w «u..-:~“..l ‘..~_\- . ‘ ., . x... , All! my. ’1 I/ K} .'/.-' ' ‘\\‘:\\\“\\ \ ‘\\ ‘ §\\ 1W, % may 20‘ m’y‘mmw 27m; 32,2, Camera Regir, Reip. Car, to- * tiu: Regni Epitome. y. 5. London the bell: City in World. Lam/071‘s Situ- ‘ ation. [LB A‘SU RV E Y OF THE CITIES OF t fLONDON and WESTMINSTER, And the Borough of ‘ SOUTHWARK BOOK 1. Containing a general Defcription of the C I T Y of L O N 'D O N. CHAP. I. The Situation, Papaloafnrfi, Extent, Commodiozfne/Iv, Original, Antiquity, and Name of London. King Lud. The City of tbe Trinobantes. Suémits to Julius waar. London, Wliat defore Caefar; and whether it was a C0- lony under the Romans. Proclamations aéoat new Buildings tbere; and Fore— rants. O N D O N, the Metropolis and Glory of the Kingdom, was anciently the Seat of the Briti/b Empire ; and fince, Ptiled commonly, the Royal Cbamber of our Kings. The King’s Chamber, the Heart of the Common-wealth, and a fhort Draught of the whole Kingdom -, as it was once defcribed by Sir Edward Coke, fome Time Recorder of this City. It may boal’t itfclf to be the largef’t in Extent, and the fairelt built, the molt populous, and' bef’t inhabited, and that by a civil, rich, and fober People, of any in the World. And for a general Trade throughout the Univerfe, all other mult give her the Precedence. How confiderable a Figure lhe makes in the Government of the Kingdom, appears by the Influence her Inclinations and Aé‘tions have had upon the Afi'airs of the whole Nation, in pal’t Ages, as well as they have in the prcfent. It is eafy to perceive, that this City mull: have gra- dually arilbn from its firlt Beginning to its pre- fent Grandeur, through a long Tract of fuccef- five Times and Ages, by the Benefit of Traffic, with the Concurrence of the Favour of Princes, and likewife the Convenience and Advantage of its Situation; as will abundantly appear in the Progrefs of this Survey] It is placed by Nature on a little Hill; ha— ving an eafy Afcent all along from the South, and {lands no lefs pleafant than commodious by the River of Thames; which walheth its fouth ’7 a Parts, forming an Half—moon, or Bow bent. And in its halty Courfe. toward the Sea, payeth its Duty to the City; dividing it into two but unequal Parts :. The one, and which is the greater, taking the Name of London and [Va/l- nzinfler,’ and the other, the Name of Soutbwark. Which Parts are joined together by a finely {lone Bridge, bearing the Name of London-Bridge: Landon-Brake. Which is fupported by Nineteen great Arches -,' and lo furnilhed above with Houles and Shops of able Tradefmen, that Pafi'engers might ra« ther take it for a fair Street than a Bridge. The other Out—parts and Suburbs are encom— The Out- pafied with rich and pleafant Fields, fertile for Iéér‘SOf the feeding Horfes and Cows, as well as for Hay, "y‘ Tillage, and Gardening] The pleafant, profitable, and heathful Situa- Plcafant, pro tion of this City, in Refpeét of the River, the {in}??? imd riling Ground, and the Soil, all [0 advantageous, 5“ n u ‘ is finely defcribed by one of our Poets; where :7. .31. his Mufe is brought in, thus fpeaking, upon the Sight ofLona'on: At thy great Builder’s Wit, Dmmgpfl, Who is, but wonder may? lyalblou Nay, of his \Nifdom thus Enfuing Times {hall fay, 0 more than mortal Man, That did this Town begin, Whofe Knowledge found the Place, '. So fit to for it in. (Will: The Ufe of Sea—coals for- bid by King Eden. I. as unwholefomc to the City. gee Sheath”. MW: -4224 .PflW/Qlfl‘fff' . :Whathod,“ or heavenly Power, Was harbour’d in thy Breait? 65c. Built on a tiling Bank, . 15.425" Within aYgle to hands 4.37” if 1’. And for thy‘ilfialthful Soilggf """ Chofe Gi‘avci mix’d withi‘Sand. "" And where fair Thames his Courfe Into a Crefcent cai’ts, That forced by his Tides, As {till by her he hafts, He might his [urging Waves IMO her Bofom fend, . ... Hetaufc too far“in!Length,, " His ToWn ihould not extend. And to the North and South Upon an equal Reach, Two Hills their even Banks Do fomewhat feem to itretch: The two extremer Winds, From hurting it to let; And only level lies, Upon the [Rife and Set. Of all this goodly Ille, Where breathes mof’t chearful Air, ‘ ' And every Way thereto The Ways molt fmooth and fair; As in the fitted Place, By Man that could be thought, , To which byuL‘and or .Sea ‘Proyiiion niight‘ be brought. And fuch a Road for Ships Scarce all the World commands, As is the goodly Thames, Near Wherelirate’s City hands. And as London is heathfully fituated wby Na- ture, fo Mortalities and SickneiTes here have ari» . fen from accidental Caufes. It was formerly thought. to contribute much to the'Prefervation of the good Air of, the City, that nothing was burnt here but Wood or Charcoal; and that e- _ van in Trades where much Fire was ufed. Ex‘ Record Terr. ' His l’rocla- mation and Commiflion about Sea- coal. Brief Ani- madverfions. ' s (7.? t"; 311/24, “it runs in a Patent of King Edward I, ‘L‘L’l earh‘ane hofez' fierz' eohfieevemnt Artifieum rogz' : i. e. The Artificers Fires had been commonly made of Spray or Brufh—wood, or Wood coaled. But when Workmen living in the Out-{kirts of London, began to bring in the burnin of Sea- coal','which was about the Time of E ,ward the Fifi}, it was much complained of, as tending greatly to the making of the Place unhealthful. About the latter End of that King it was, that Brewers, Dyers, and other Artificers, ufing great Fires, began to ufe Sea-coals inf’tead of dry Wood and Charcoal, in or near the City ; which occa- fioned the Prelates, Nobles, Commons, and other People of'the Realm, reforting thither to Parlia— ment, and upon other Oceafions, with the Inha— bitants of the City, and the Village of Southwark, Wapping, and Eafl-Smithfield, to complain there— of twice, one Time after another, to the King, as a public Nufance ; corrupting the Air with its Stink and Smoak; toithe great Prejudice and Detriment of their Health. ' The King, therefore, firflt prohibited the burn- ing of Sea-coal by his Proclamation. Which be- ing difobeyed by many for their private Lucre -, upon a fecond Complaint, he iffiied out a Com— mifiion of Oyer and Terminer, to" enquire of all fuch, who burned Sea-coal againi’t his Proclama- tion, within the faid City, or Parts adjoining, and to punifli them for the firit Oli'ence, with great Fines and Ranfoms. And upon the fecond Offence, to demoliih their Furnaces, Kilns, 86. wherein they burnt Sea-coals ; and to fee the Pro- clamation firiétly obferved for Time, to come; as a Record, 3 5 Edtvmjd I, informeth. Though fmce, as Mr. Prime obferves, upon the Mention of this Record, Sea-coal is now the chel per- Perfons beiides, in or near the City, and dim where; and_no where in thefe Days reputed a ' wre- , ublic Nu ce ' r r) 1.3,“ '; . Thus in orrfir Times, gfis’Well as latemt -' . re hath bm‘taken for prefirving the o *- fomenefs of the Air of the City. For this End, Provilion was made againi’t Stinks and annoying 7 (Smellfig {rifing fi’pmfnhe killing of Beaits in the faid City; which was thought once to have 0c- cafioned a grievous Plague there, in ,the Reign of King Edward III.‘ For the pr venting, therefore, .; “crime Elsie-infeainl and to ik "“98 the WV fw’eet and dean, t e aidKing’E wefied, aboiit’l'the Year 1361, fent his Commands to the ‘Mayor, Sheriffs, 59%. that no Butcher {hould kill his Cat- ‘tle nearer the City than Stratfom’, or King/els- bridge] ’ The City at this Time is of a very large Ex- tent, in Comparifon of what it was in former ,Ages, or even [when Mr. ‘Stowfiiade his Re- ?marks, being byflomptitation thrice as big in Compafs. Beiides, that the many Fields and Places that lay waite in thofe Days, are now built into fair Streets, Lanes, Allies, and Courts. And for its Buildings, they are far more fiately l. and uniform, efpecially fince the new building of the City with Brick, which before was ofTim— ber, occalflioned by the dreadful Conflagration of ' ,it, .WhiCh: happened in , the Beginning ofthc Mpnth of September, Anne 1666. A large Ac- ' . ocunér‘whereof {hall be given elfewhere in this Book. And. .as tovthe Penuloafnefs 9f the City, it is modei’tly computed to contain much above an Hundred-thoufand Souls] Soon after the Beginning of King fame: the Fh'fi’s Reign, the writ Increafe of the Inhabitants of the City was taken Notice of. And as feve- ral new Storehoufes' for the Reception of vafi .uantities of Grain and COals, were built, to pro— vide in Cafe of any Dearth, for the Supply of, the People -, f0 alfo many Places within the Liberties and Suburbs, were now inclofed, and fet apart for Burying-places, the former‘ Churchsyards‘not fuflicing to contain the great Numbers of Bodies deceafed, that they might lie undifiufbcd in their, Graves. Some whereof were confeerated by Ilr. Ahhot, then Bifhop of London; and others by [33‘. 'Kz'ng, his Succelfor in that See. ' 2’. According to a late Author’s CalculatiOn,"ias' we are told, Long’mz, meafured from Limehoufe t0 . the End of Tothz’lZ—Street, in We/fmirgfler, that is, from Bait to Weft, is about [even Miles and an Half. And from the farthermof’t End of Black- man—Street, in Southwarh, to the End of St. 1.60- MM, Shoredz'trh, that is, South and North, are 2 5000 geometrical Paces, or two Miles and an Half -, yet upon a Medium, he faith, London is [even Miles long, and one Mile and a (Quarter ‘ broad ; which make an Area of near Nine fquare _ Miles. ' For the Bignefs of it, it was computed, divers Years ago, to be feven Times bigger than it was in the Beginning of (been Ehfaheth’s Reign. The 'prefent City {tands upon fomewhat lefs than 2500 Acres of Ground; which is about equiva— lent to a Circle of four Miles and a Half Diame— and lefs than fifteen Miles in Circumference. The Length of the Town, at prefent, from Limehoufe to Hyde-Park, is about five Miles in a direct Line, and, if we add the Windino of the Streets, it may be fix Miles. The greatefiDBreadth from Shoredz'teh to the mod foutherly Buildings onthe’ South—fide of the Thames, is about two Miles and a Half, and from Cavendzj’h—fizwre to the South of We/imr'rg/t‘er, may be as much, but the Town generally between the Theme: and the Fields on the North, is little more than one 7. Mile , . Book I. [Sp/Etua‘lly ufed by our Artificers, and all” Sorts of Orders {For prefervingthe Wholefome- nefs of the Air) againfi killing Bealts in the City. The Extent of the City. R. B. The Build- ings. . Its Pepulouf- nefs. New Church- yards made. 7'. S. Length and Breadth of London. Prelent State of the Uni- caerf. p. 64. Its Bignefs. Sir William Petgy’s Eifay, Edit. 1686. P' 34- Chap. E. S; The Tax of the City Anna 1702. £150 W'arra'rz— to, p. 6. Conjeélures of form: con—' terning the Number of People in Lan— dart. Lana'z'napal. » Print. Juno 1 6 5 7 . De Laurie's prefent State of the City. Print. 1681. The @antity . of Souls in London calcu- ' lated. Sir W. Patty’s Effay. ' From the Bills of Mor- tality, ,r I. ding the River, and all the vacant Space, accord— ing to Mr. Pym, forms an oblong Square, not more than fixteen Miles in Circumference, which is the true Dimenfions, though fort-1e Writers re- prefent it to be much larger.] The Populoufnefs, and witnal the Wealth of it, may be reckoned from the Tax, Anna 1702, 1 Regin. Annie. Which T ax amoumed to 1 9799 3 1 I; And the Qlota of the faid Tax fct upon Landon and Wejtminfl‘er, was 198843 1. And, befides, up— on Mia’dlefiex, where thofe Cities l’cand, 10.8 912 I. In all 307755 1. Which was near the fourth Part of the whole Tax upon the whole Kingdom -, which lhews the valt Importance of the City to the whole Nation. In the Cafe of the 270 Warranta, the Numz ber of the Citizens and Freemen of London is laid to be 50000 Perfons, and more. But the Num- ber of the Inhabitants of the whole City and Sub: urbs mul‘t be much more. How populous the City was formerly, I lhall mention here the Conjeétures of fome. j‘ames Howe], Efq; who writ an Hiltory of London above threefcore and ten Years ago, faith, that, in the Year 1636, King Charles I; fent to the Lord— Mayor to make a Scrutiny, what Number of Pa— pif’ts and Strangers were in the City -, Sir Edward Bramfield, then Mayor, took Occafion hence to make a Cenfe or Computation of the People, who were, of Men, Women, and Children, found to be 700000, that lived within the Bars of the Jurifdiétion alone. And- it was judged, he faid, by all probable Supputation, that London had more by a third Part, when he fet forth his Book, whieh was little above twenty Years after. The City of Weflminfler, and all the Suburbs without the Mayor’s Jurifdiétion, and the contiguous Build- ings contained, by all likely Conjeétures, at leaft as many more. So that taking all together, the Number of human Souls, he reckoned, might amount to above one Million and a Half. This Computation, faith another later Writer concerning the State of the City, was delivered four and twenty Years ago -, and it is certain the Number is vai’cly increaled fince; as might ap— pear by the great Addition of Buildings. And it was then above twenty-four Years fince this lafl: Writer : [He means Hated] How then, as he con- cludes, the Number of Souls in Landan at this prefent, [viz 1681,] are increafed, may be fur- ther confidered. Furthermore, as to the O\uantity of People contained in London, and the continual Increafe and Growth thereof, Sir PI/illiam Petty, Knt. a Mem- ber of the Royal Society, above thirty or forty Years ago, made feveral ingenious Calculations from the Bills of Mortality, viz. That there were, Anna 1682, 84000 tenanted HouEs ; which, at eight Perfons in each, make 672000 Perfons. But he fixed it to a round Num- ber, that there were about 670000 Souls in Lon- don. By London, he meant the Houfing within the Walls, with the Liberties thereof ; Wejtminfler, and the Borough of Santbwar/e, and f0 much of» the built Ground in Mddlt’fl’x and Surry, whofe Houfes where contiguous unto, or within Call of thofe before-mentioned. That this City doubleth the Number of its In— habitants in forty Years. That, according to this Doubling, the People of Landon will be, Anna 1 840, 1071 8880 in Num- ber. And, That the Inhabitants of all England will be but inconfiderably more, viz. 10917389 in Number. Wherefore, Vol. I. 9 "The Bzgnefi; and N 209256? of Infinite/nth Mae broad. The late Plan of Landon; incluz " That it is ‘certain, that the Growth of the Ci— tymufc Prop before the faid Year 1840 '-, and will be at its utmoft Height in the next preceding Pe- riod, Anna 1800. And, ’ That then, viz. 1 800, the Number of the Peo- ple of the City will be eight Times its prefent Number, that is to fay, 5 Millions, 359 Thou~ .fand'. V That London is feven Times bigger than in the Beginning of @1661} Eli/aaet/a’s Reign, viz. Anna .15 0. - . So that, by this Calculation, the Inhabitants of Lon-don, flnna 1702, being half doubled, fin‘ee the Year 168 2, 'mult have been One-million, F ifty-thoufand in Number. He offered this Ta- ble to judge of the Increafe of the Number of Souls in London from Time to Time, at a. Me- dium of two Years indifl‘erently taken. and 1605. 1 5135' A and 1622.l.5 l 8527 B and 1642.<_-‘2 >11883 C and 1662.59 .15148 D and 1672.1, J22331 E Wherein obferve, that the Number C is dou- ble to A, and 806 over. That D is double to B within 1 906. And C and-D are double to A B, within 293. That E is double to C within 334.1, and C, and D, and E, are double to A, and B, and C, within 17 36 -, ‘and that E is above qua- druple to A, all which Differences, every Way confidered, do allow the Doubling of the People of London in forty Years. , By the Computations of the Burials and Chrif: tenings in this City, one may be enabled to com- pare the Bignefs and Populoufnefs of it with other great Cities in the World. As for Example, in the Year 1707, the Chriftenings in the Imperial City Vienna amounted to 3963, and the Burials to 4354 -, whereas the Burials in London, the fame Year, were 21600, and the Chrif’tening’s 16066. Yet farther, to fet forth the furpafling Eminen- cy of this City,_on Account of the val’t Numbers of People it confil’ts of ; the fore-cited ingenious Author makes a Comparifon under divers Heads between it and Paris, now one of the moI’t flou- rilhin Cities in Europe. And to exceed it in all thefe Particulars following : I, In the Wealth and great Ei’tates of the Inhabitants, the Number of their Servants, and Greatnefs of their Equipage. II, In the Wholefomenefs of the Air. III, In the cleanly and more convenient Way of Living. IV, In the Preference of the River Tbames to that of Seine, both in Pleafantnefs and Navigablenefs -, and in the Wholefomenefs of its Waters, and the great Bridge of Landon, built over it. V, In the Shipping and foreign Trade -, comparably exceeding both Paris and Roan. VI, In the Cheapnefs of all the molt necelTary Sorts of Food, and the great Variety and'Plenty of all Sorts of Drink. VII, In the Cheapnefs likewife and Goodnefs of F ewel, and Conveniency of Stow- age. VIII, In the Magnificence of the Churches ; none at Paris being f0 great as St. Paul’s hath been, and now is. None f0 beautiful as King Henry the Seventb’s Chapel. IX, In the Courts of Inns, and Chancery, and the Lawyers Cham- bers. And, laltly, in the Hofpitals, f0 many, and f0 richly endowed; and for the Relief of Multitudes of miferable and dil’trefl'ed People of all Sorts. , And to add no more, the Account of the B1111- als in the Year, viz. from December 1716, to Def cemaer 1 7 1 7, whereby may be computed the Nam- ber of Souls in London and W'eytmm/ter, as well as the Increafe of them, was, _, In 1'" 903 togocoo In. habitants in Landon, and upwards. Lon/an and Vienna cam- pared by Bin rials. Pa]?- man,N. 1867.: London and Pari: compau' red. Sir I”. Petty; Vii. Prefcnt State of the Univerfe. Landon therein in- ’ The Number of Burials, Anna “7 l 7. -E. S. The Difiance of London from the Sea. R. B. Commodi— oufly feared. Naméer of Irrbaéitmztt; arid Airtight] of Lbndon. In the 97 Parifhes within the Walls 2592 In the 16 Parifhes without the Walls 7479 ' In the I 5 Out-parifhes in Mdd/efix and 8 Sorry A ' , i 370 . In the feven' Parifhes in the City and Suburbs of Wqflmz'nfler l 500-5 Burials in all , 2 34.46 And this lafi: Year 1718, to Dec. 16, 6e were Buried } 2 323 A Gentleman, who furveyed the Town about twenty Years ago, obferves,-that there was a pro- digious Increafe of the Inhabitants in a hundred Years Time, namely, between the Year 1 6 32 and the Year 1732 -, for, in the Year 1632, there were but 9584. Chrif’tenings and 9527 Burials, whereas, in the Year I7 32, there were 17000 Chrif’cenings and 28000 Burials in the Weekly Bills, befides 4 or 5000 that were buried in' the Diffenters Burying Grounds, and elfewhere; f0 that the Chriftenings were increafed near double, and the Burials near two Thirds. The Reafon of the Inequality in the Increafe of the Births and Burials he fuppofes to be, that the ancient Puri- tans had molt of their Children brought to Church, which occafioned the Chrif’tenings and Buryings to be near equal in 1632 -, whereas fcarce any of them, have brought their Children to Church to be chrifiened of late Years : Nor do the Papii’ts, who are much increafed lately, or the French Re- fugees, who are very numerous, chriften their Children in our Churches. Abundance of poor People filth, who are not Diffenters, neglect to bring their Children to Church becaufe of the Expence which attends Chriftenings. As to the Proportion of People who inhabit the feveral Di— vifions of the Town abovementioned, it is com- puted. there are in that Part of the Town denomi- nated the City 12000 Houfes; in the Parifhes without the Walls, 36320; in the Parifhes of Mddlcfex and Sorry, 4.6300; and in the City of ll/efimirzfler and Liberties, 28 3 30 ; in which are comprehended the Precincts of the Tower, Nor- ton-Folgote, the Rolls, White—Friars, the Inns of Court and Chancery, the King’s Palaces, and all extraparochial Places. And, if we multiply the Number of the Houfes by 8 and a Half, as we find there are f0 many Perfons in every Houfe, at an Average, the Sum total of the Inhabitants will amount to 104507 5 ; or, if we compute them an even Million, we fhall come pretty near the Truth, when the Town is fullefiz; for there is a wide Difference between the Numbers who refide here in Winter and in Summer.] The City is about fixty Miles from the Sea, which is not fo nigh as to be in Danger of a Sur- priz'al by the Fleets of a foreign Enemy, nor to be annoyed by the boifterous Winds, and unwhol- fome Vapours ariflng from thence. Neither is it fo far, but that, by the Help of one Tide every twelve Hours, Ships of great Burthen are brought into her Bofom; f0 that it doth participate of thofe milder and warmer Vapours, which do a- rife from the cai’tern, weftern, and fouthern Seas. It- is f0 commodioufly feated in a Manner in the Center of the Kingdom, that it may the better communicate its Trade unto all the Inhabitants, having high Roads to molt great Towns, for the Conveniency of Carriage and Cattle ; befides what is brought to London in Veffels by Sea; To that all Sorts of Provifions are had at as eafy Rates, if not eafier, than at any Town within thirty or forty Miles dil’cant from it.] Modern London, or the Town, the Capital of Great-Britain, comprehending the Cities of Lon- don and Woflrrzirg/lor, and the Borough of Somb- rwarlt, is fituate on both Sides the River Thames, 3 the Situation of old London, whether on the north or fouth Side of the River, this has" been much difputed; but, as it is admitted on all Hands, that the Countries on the fouth Side of the“ River were firfl civilized, and that the Thames was for fome Time the Boundary between the civilized and uncivilized Britons, it is molt probable that there were Towns on the South, before any were erected on the North ; the precife Situation of a- ny of them it is not poflible to afcertain at this Da . Thofe that affirm that London was firlt built on the north Side of the River feem to triumph, be— caufe they obferve, that St. George’s Fields, where fome have placed it, was a Morafs, and frequent- ly overflowed by the River, and confequently not proper to build a .Town upon ; but it is not worth contending, whether St. George's Fields was the very Spot old London f’tood upon or not, but that the civilized Briton: erected Works, and made Lines on the fouth Side of the River to defend themfelves againfi the uncivilized Britons, is not ' to be difputed ; and as they had then no Footing on the north Side the River, if they built any Towns it is probable, it was on their own Side, and not in an Enemies Country ; though, as foon as they were in the peaceable Polfefiion of the op- pofite Shore, there is no. Doubt they began to built there, as it was infinitely preferable to the fouth Side of the River in all Refpeéts 3 and this I am apt to flatter myfelf will be the Opinion of every rational Man, who confiders the Cafe now he fees it fet in a proper Light. But, whenever London was built on the north Side of the Thames, there could not have been found a more defirable Situation in Europe, if we regard either Wealth or Beauty. It f’tands on a River large enough to receive the mofi: numerous Fleets, and there is a gentle Afcent from the Wa— ter—fide to an Eminence, on which the Noblemens Palaces and Gardens lay, which might. all be viewed at once from the River, and the oppofite Shore. ' There was nothing between Ludgate and Wayf- min/fer, but Noblemens Palaces and Convents, as the feveral Streets tei’tify which fltill bear the Names of the refpective Seats ; and as they had the Ri— ver on one Side, they had the Fields open on the other, and thofe delightful Mounts of Hig/agote and Hump/lead before them. The cafe End of the Town, indeed, was pof— felled by Merchants and Mariners, whofe Buli- nefs was to enrich their Country by foreign Com- merce as at prefent, but, fince Traflic has increaf— ed, molt of the Nobility have converted their Houfes and Gardens into Streets of Tradefmen, and are removed farther \Nei‘t themfelves, by which London has loft a great Deal of its Beauty, though it may have increafed in Wealth. When fine Houfes and Gardens p0fi"effed great Part of the northern Shore of the “Thames, a more beauti- ful Scene could never have been formed. From what remains of the three Temples, particularly that fine Square on the King’s-Bomb Walks, which goes down to the River, we may form fome faint Idea of what London was. It mult mortify every one that has a jufl: No-. tion of it, to fee a great Deal of this Space con- verted into narrow Lanes down to the VVater-fide -, l but, when we confider that, at the VVharfs they lead to, great Store of Merchandize is now im- ported and exported to theft: Streets of Tradef. men, not to be equalled in any other City, it Will make fome Amends for the Lofs of - thofe noble Palaces; though mof’t Gentlemen would rather have refided in old London, when open to the . Fields on the North, and to the River on the South, than in the Town built as it is at prefent.] Now 360k is in the Counties of Mddlefl’x and Surry. As to Chap. 1. 7. s. London’s Ori- ginal and.An- tiquity. Trino‘vantum hath the writ- ten Copy. Lint}. An old Traé‘t ~ alfertingBrute the Founder. 725. Retardan- rim/i. La. an. Caire Lad, the City of Lad: But Lud’s Tatum is a . Saxon V/Ol’d. Derivation of the Word _ London. Camden. R. B. Now for the Antiquity and Hifiory of this City, fetched from the antientef’t Records of Time] As the Roman Writers, to glorify the City of Rome, drew the Original thereof from Gods, and Demi-gods, f0 Geofrey of Monmout/o, the Welflo Hil‘torian, deduceth the Foundation of this fa- mous City of London, for the greater Glory thereof, and Emulation of Rome, from the very fame Original. For he reporteth, that Brute li- neally deicended from the Demi—god Eneas, the Son of Venus, Daughter of j‘upiter, about the Year of the World 2855, and 1 108, before the Nativity of Chril‘c, builded this City near unto the River now called Thames, and named it Troynovant, or Trenovant. But herein, as Lily, the moi’c famous Hif’toriographer of the Romans Writeth, “ Antiquity is pardonable, and hath “ an efpecial Privilege, by interlacing Divine -“ Matters with Human, to make the firfi: F oun~ “ dation of Cities more honourable, more fa- “ cred, and as it were of greater Majel’ty.” This Tradition concerning the ancient F oun- dation of the City by Brute, was of fuch Credit, that it is alferted in an ancient Traci, preferved in the Archives of the Chamber of London; which is tranfcribed into the Lioer Alias, and long before that by Horn, in his old Book of Laws and Cui’toms, called Liner Horn. And a Copy of this Tract was drawn out of the City Books by the Mayor and Aldermen’s fpecial Order, and fent to King Henry VI, in the Se- venth Year of his Reign; which C0py yet re- mains among the Records of the Tower. The T tract is as followeth : Inter Nobiles Urbes Orois, Eric. I. “ Among “ the noble Cities of the World which Fame t‘ cries up, the City of London, the only Seat of “ the Realm of England, is the principal, which “ widely fpreads abroad the Rumour of its “ Name. It is happy for the Wholefomenefs “ of the Air, for the Chrii’cian Religion, for its 5‘ molt worthy Liberty, and molt ancient Foun— “ dation. For, according to the Credit of Chro- ?-‘ nicles, it is confiderably older than Rome; 9‘ and that it was by the fame Trojan Author “ built by Brute, after the Likenefs of great Troy, “ before that built by Romulus and Remus. “ VVhence to this Day it ufeth and enjoyeth “ the ancient City Troy’s Liberties, Rights, and “ Cuftoms. For it hatha Senatorial Dignity, and “ leifer Magifiirates. And it hath annual Sheriffs “ infiead of Confuls. For whofoever repair thi- “ ther, of whatfoever Condition they be, whe- “ ther free, or Servants, they obtain there the “ Refuge of Defence and Freedom. Almol’c all “ the ‘Biihops, Abbots, and Nobles of England, “ are as it were Citizens and F reemen of this “ City}, having their noble Inns, here.” Thefe, and many more Matters of Remark, worthy to be remembered, concerning this moi’t noble City, remain in a very old Book, called Recordatorium Ci‘vitatis : ‘ and in the Book called Speculum] King Lad, as the fame Geofrey of Monmout/o noteth, afterward [about 1060 Years after] not only repaired this City, but alfo increafed the fame with fair Buildings, Towers and Walls; which after his own Name called it Caire-Luel, or Lads—Town. And the {trong Gate, which he builded in the weft Part of the City, he like- wife, for his own Honour, named Ludgate. And in Procefs of Time, by mollifying the Word, it took the Name of London; but fome others will have it called Llongdin; a Briti/la Word, anfwering to the Saxon Word spawn Skipton, that is, a Town of Ships. And in— deed none hath more Right to take unto itfelf that Name of Skipton, or Road of Skips, than this ' The. ‘ Antiquity of London. . Credit than the Relations of Geofirty of Monmouth : City, “in Regard of its commodious Situation fof 3,2?ng 011 f0 curious a navigable River as the ames, which {Welling at certain Hours with the Ocean Tides, by a deep and fafe Channel is fufficwnt to bring up Ships of the greateil: Burthen to her Sides, and thereby furnifheth her Inhabitants with the Riches of the known World 5 f0 that as her jufl Right the claimeth the Pre- emmency of all other Cities. And the Shipping lying at Anchor by her Walls, refembleth a Wood of Trees, disbranched of their Boughs. This City was in no frnall Repute, being built London the by the firit Founder of the Briti/l: Empire, and Stipulmre 0‘ honoured with the Sepulchre of divers of their ‘1‘? BMW” Kings, as Brute, Loerine, Cunodagius, and Gard ngS‘ aodus, Fathers of Ferrex and Porrex, beino the laf’t of the Line of Brute. D Mtlmutius Dunwallo, Son of Cloton, Duke of How fettled Cornsoal, having vanquiihed his Competitors, by Brut?- and iettled the Land, caufed to be erected on, or near the Place, where now Blackwell-Hall fiand- ATem’ I: eth, a Place made ufe of by the Clothiers for the built top Sale of their Cloth every Thur/clay, a Temple Peace: Of, as called the Temple of Peace 3 and after his Death “he‘s' Where was there interred. And probably it was f0 or- :23?“ now dered to gratify the Citizens, who favoured his 7 S, Caufe. Belinus, by which Name Dunwallo’s Son was An Haven called, built an Haven in this Troynonant, with built by B:- a Gate over it which i’till bears the Name Of lim’" Belinfgate [now Billinfgate.] And on the Pinnacle was a brazen Veilel erected, in which was put the Aihes of his Body, burnt after his Death. The faid Belinus is fuppofed to have built the King Beline: Tower of London, and to have appointed three chief Pontifls to fuperintend all religious Affairs :7. S. throughout Britain ; whereof one had his See in London; and the other Sees were York and Car- leon.] But finding little on Record concerning the Aétions of thofe Princes, until we come to King Lad. the Reign of King Luci, it is thought unne— ‘R. B. cefi'ary to take any further Notice of them. He ‘ was eldefl: Son of Holy, who began his Reign about 69 Years before the Birth of yefus Cari/t. A Prince much praifed by Hii’corians for his great Valour, noble Deeds, and Liberality, [for amending the Laws of the Country, and form— ing the State of his Common—weal.] And in particular, for repairing this City, and erecting many fair Buildings, and encompafling it abOUt with a Pcrong Stone Wall. In the weft Part whereof he built a firong Gate, called Ludfgate, as was fhewed before, where are now f’tanding in Niches, over the faid Gate, the Statues of this good King, and his two Sons, on each Side of him, as a laf’cing Monument of his Memory, being, after an honourable Reign, near there- unto buried, in a Temple of his own Building. This Lud had two Sons, Androgeus, and C/{flf‘ve/aune Tbeomantius, or [Ternanticus] who being not of reigns- 7%?“ Age to govern at the Death of their Father, their figfiti‘zgwes Uncle Cafi‘velaune took upon him the Crown; ' about the eighth Year of whofe Reign, yulius Cafar arrived in this Land, with a great Power of Romans to conquer it. The Antiquity of which Conquei’t I will fummarily fet down out of his own Commentaries; which are of far better yes. The Con— quefl: of Bri— tain by Cot/22". Caefar‘s Com— mentaries, “ The chief Government of the Britons, and Lil. 5. ‘ Adminif’tration of War, was then by common “ Advice committed to Caflinelaune, whofe Bor- ‘ ders were divided from the Cities on the Sea;- “ Coaf’c by a River called Thames, about F our- “ fcore Miles from the Sea. This Cafl'uelaune be- ' “ fore had made continual Wars With the other “ Cities -, but the Britons moved With the com- “ ing of the Romans, had made him- their Sove- “ vereign and General of their Wars, which con- “ tinued h-ot between the Romans and-them. [fee- ‘6 a," h 0 s The River of Thames to be palfed afoot in one Place I in Cot/2:733 Time. The Policy ofCajfime/aune on his ill Suc- cefs. His Advan— tage againfi; the Roman Horfemen. Triaabaufes, Citizens of London. Manduln'are and the Tri- mlmnts yield to Crtfar. He defends them. Cafliw/aune's TOWn, Weft from London. F or Orr/hr faith, 80 Miles from the Sea. Cities of the Britons were cumberfome Woods forth tied. fl ( c it n ‘u n 0 K‘- a “a Ii 0‘ h A n 6‘ “ C¢ “ u u ‘C ‘6 i“ u 5‘ 5‘ The 'Antioa'iyi far, having Knowledge-of their Intent, marched V with his Army to the Thames into Cqflitzelaune’s Borders. This River can be pafl'ed but only in one Place on Foot, and that with much Dif- fieulty. When he was come hither, he obferved a great Power of his Enemies in Battle Array on the other Side of the River. The Bank was fortified with {harp Stakes fixed before them 3 and fuch kind of Stakes were alfo driven down under Water, and covered with the River. Caf‘r, having, Underitanding thereof by the Priloners and Deferters, fent his Horfe before, and commanded his Foot to follow immediately after. But the Roman Soldiers went on with fuch Speed and Force, their Heads being only above Water, that the Enemy not being able to withitand the Legions, and the Horfe, for« fook ‘the Bank, and betook themfelves to Flight. Cafi'oelaune, defpairing of Succefs by fighting in plain Battle, fent away his greater Forces, and keeping with him about Four Thoufand Charioteers, watched which Way ' the Romans went, and went a little out of the Way, concealing himfelf in cumberfome and woody Places. And in thofe Parts where he knew the Romans would pafs, .he drove both Cattle and People out of the open Fields into the Woods. And when the Roman Horfe ranged too freely abroad in the Fields for Forage and Spoil, he fent out his Charioteers out of the Woods by all the Ways and Pafiages well known to them, and encountered with their .Horfe to their great Prejudice. By the Fear whereof he kept them from ranging too far; f0 that it came to this pafs, that Cafetr would not fufi‘er his Horfe to {tray any Diftance from his main Battle of Foot, and no further to annoy - the Enemy, in waiting their Fields, and burn- ing their Houfes and Goods, than their Foot could effect by their Labour or March.] “ But, in the mean while, the Trinooants, in effect the firongeft City of thofe Countries, and one of which Manduoraee, a young Gentleman, that had ftuck to Ca/ar’s Party, was come to him, being then in the miiin Land,. [7222. Gaul] and thereby efcaped Death, which he ihould have fufi’ered at Cafioe/aune’s Hands, as his Father Imanuence, who reigned in that City, had done. Ambaifadors, promifing to yield themfelves unto him, and to do what he fhould com- mand them, initantly defiring him to protect Manduoraee from the furious Tyranny of Caf— “ fl'velaune, and to fend fome into the City, with ~55 “ 5‘ ‘6 ‘ _ 0 ‘6 ‘ 0 fl ‘ n ‘6 ~ ‘£ 1. '\ “ Authority to take the Government thereof. C‘efar accepted the Offer, and appointed them to give him forty. Hoitages, and to find him Grain for his Army, and fo fent he Manda- braee to them. They fpeedily did according to his Command, fent the Number of Hof- tages, and the Bread—Corn. “ When others faw, that Cafar had not only de- fended the Trinoaants againlt Caflivelaune, but had alfo faved them harmlefs from the Pillage of his own Soldiers, the Cem'magues, the Se.- gontz'aes, the Ancalz'tes, the Bioro/tes, and the Cafians, by their Ambaflies, yield themfelves to Czefar. By thefe he came to know that Caf-. “ jivelanne’s Town was not far from that Place, ‘£ s! a fortified with Woods and marlhy Grounds -, into the which a confiderable Number of Men and Cattle were gotten together. For the Britons call that a Town, faith Ceefar, when they have fortified cumberfome Woods, with a Ditch and a Rampire ; and thither they are wont to refort, to abide the Invafion of their Enemies. ’l‘hither marched Cajiar with his Legions. He finds the Place notably forti» tied both by Nature and human Pains 3 ne- fl The Trinobants, I fay, fent their. of London. Book I. verthelefs, he drives to afl‘ault it Oh two Sides. The Enemies, after a little Stay, be-‘ ing not able longer to bear the Onfet of the Roman Soldiers, ruvfhed out at another Part, and left the Town unto him. Here was a great Number of ' Cattle found, and many of the . Britons were taken in the Chace, and many flain. , “ While thefe Things were doing in thefe Quarters, Cafl'velaune fent NIeflbngers to that Part of Kent, which, as we lh'ewed before, lieth upon the Sea, over which Countries four Kings, Cingetorix, Caruil, Taximagul, and Se- gorax, reigned, whom he commanded to raife all their Forces, and fuddenly to fet upon and. alfault their Enemies in their naval Trenches. " To which, when they were come, the Romans fallied out upon them, flew a great many of them, and took Cz'ngetorz'x, an eminent Leader among them, Prifoner, and made a fafe Re- treat. Caflnelaune, hearing of this Battle, and having fuitained f0 many Lofl'es, and found his Territories waited, and efpecially being difiurbed at the Revolt of the Cities, fent Ambafi'adors along with Comius of Arms, to treat with (ff/£17 concerning his Submiflion. Which Cafar, when he was refolved to winter in the Continent, becaufe of the fudden In- furreétion of the Goals, and that not much of the Summer remained, and that it might eafily be fpent, accepted and commands him Hof- tages, and appoints what Tribute Britain ihould yearly pay to the People of Rome, giv— Britain cefl'ed ing {trait Charge to Caflruelaune, that he lhould §° IBEX: Yea" do no Injury to Mandubraee, . nor the Trino- tie 1:10»:sz bants. And fo receiving the Hoitages, with- drew his Army to the Sea again.” ‘ Thus far out of Cafar’s Commentaries concern- ing this Hiltory, which happened in the Year be- . fore ,Chriit’s Nativity LIV. Vcefs, there is for this Purpofe to be noted, that Nm’Lm’m In all Wthh P ro-‘ Trinoaant, Cafar nameth the City of the Trinobantes; which 'hath a Refemblance with Troynofva, or Treno- *L'ant: having no greater Difference in the Or— ~thography, than the changing of [b] into [v]. And yet maketh an Error, which I will not ar-‘l gue. Only this I will note, that divers learned Men do not think Cirt'ims Trinolzantum to be well and truly tranflated The City of the Trinobantes ; but that it ihould rather be The State, Commu- ralty, or Seignory of the Trinoimnts. For that Cmfar, in his Commentaries, ufeth the Word Ci- ‘vitezs only for a People living under one and the {elf-fame Prince and Law. But certain it is, Cities of the that the Cities of the Britons were in thofe Days B’i’g”? ’1“ neither artificially builded with Houfes, nor filldcelgl‘fith firongly walled with Stone, but were only thick Houfes, noi- and cumberfome Woods, plafhed within, and walled with trenched about. And the like in efi‘eft do other smne‘ the Roman and Greek Authors directly affirm; _ as Straoo, Pompom‘us Mela, and Dion, a Senator, at Rome, Writers that fiourilhed in the feveral Reigns of the Roman Emperors, Tiberius, Clau— dius, Domitian, and Severus; to wit, that, before the Arrival of the Romans, the Britons had no Towns, but called that a Town which had a thick entangled Wood, defended, as I faid, with a Ditch and Bank ; the like whereof the Iri/bmen, our next Neighbours, do at this Day call Fez/iv « neft *2 But after that thefe hitherParts of Bri— *9 In Stoqu‘r, lain were reduced into the Form of a ProVince Wt" Edition‘ by the Romans, who fowed the Seeds of Civility Lhefic’efai“ over all Europe, this our City, whatfoever it 2.. was before, began to be renowned, and of Fame. , For Tacitus, who firfl: of all Authors nameth Teflimonies it Lona’z'num, faith, that, in the 62d Year after flew“ Au' Chrift, it was, albeit, no Colony of the Romans -, zexfnéozn, yetmol’t famous for the great Multitude of Jon and Bi‘fv Merchants, Provifion and Intercourfe.‘ At which mi”- Time, "s Time, in that natable Revolt of the Britons from Nero, in which Seventy thoui‘and Romans and *' LeagerFel- their * Confederates Were flain; this City, with ‘ Eéxsggfl‘e _ Verulam near St. Altans and Moldon, then all fa— l KlOfl- ‘ _ . . mous, were ranfacked and fpoxled. Fer Suetom'us Paulinus, then Lieutenant for the Romans in this Ille, abandoned it, as not then fortified, and left it to the Spoil. ' The Brim, Shortly after, yulius flgrioola, the Roman Lieu.- had no Houfes but Cottages; no Temples, no Courts of Ju- liice. that by exhorting the Britons publickly, and helping them privately, won , them to build Houfes for themfelves, Temples for the Gods, mens Children in good Letters and Humanity, - and to apparel themfelves Roman-like. Whereas The Briton: befOre, f0r the mofl: part, they went naked, weht nakei painting their Bodies, Co’s. as all the Roman - Writers have obferved. ’ . . The Towns True it is, Iconfefs, that afterward many firfi walled Cities and Towns in Britain under the Govern- 225‘ ‘h" R"' ment of the Romans, were walled with Stone and baked Bricks Or Tiles; as Riobaorougb, or Ric/t- horaugb-Ryptaceyier in the Ifle of Tbanet, till the Channel altered its Courfe, befides Sandwiclo in Kent, Vorulamium befides St. Albans in Hartford- fln‘re, Cilcdier in Hampflyire, Wroxcofle‘r in Shrop- fiire, Kama/for in Hmsford/biro, three Miles from Hereford TOWn; Riot/swan, feven Miles above Pryton, on the Water of Rifle, Aldeourg, a Mile from Borougboridge, on Wailing-jtrou, on Ure River, and others. And no deubt but this London walled our City of London was alfo walled with StOne in “m“ 3‘0“; the Time of the Rontan GOVernment here ; but - yet very Iatewardly : For it feemeth am to have been walled in the Year of our Lord 296. Becaufe in that Year, when Alet‘l‘us the Tyrant was flain in the Field, the Franks eafily entered London, and had 'facked the fame, had not God of his great Favour at that very Infiant brought alangthe River of Tbames certain Bands of Ro- man Soldiers, who flew thofe Fran/es in eVery Street of the City. Nothing was wanting to this City’s Glory now, but the Name of a Free City and Colony: But indeed that was not with the Interelt of the Romans; and therefore they made her a Pre- feéture. And fuch were thofe Cities where Marts were kept, and Juftice adminiitered. And for their Magiltrates, they were annually {cut them from the Senate at Rome -, for the Execution of their Laws, the Adminiftration of Juf’tice, the Colleéting of their Tributes and Taxes, Ba] It is a @efiion amOng learned Men, in what State and Reputation London was in at the Time of the Romans .? Camden writes, that it was of the Nature of a Prefeéture, and not of a Colo- ny. But Stillingfieot, the late molt learned Biihop of Worry)”, was not of his Judgment; but that it was a Colony, cohliiiing both of Romans and Natives. He ihewet‘h in his Traft of the Antiquity of London, that there were feveral Sorts of Colonies. Firl’t, Civil Colonies; that is, fuch as confif’ted only of Roman Citizens.- Se- condly, Military Colonks; when the Veteran Soldiers were {cttled together by way of a C0- lony. Such a Colony of Veterans was at Cama- lodunum, and at York, at Clio/tor, at Caerleon, doc. Thirdly, There were mixed Colonies, where Ro- man Citizens and Natives joined together. And although they had not the Name, yet the Pri- vileges‘ of a Colony. Of this Sort he concluded London to have been; which was Nubile- Emporium in Tacitus’s Time; a Place of mighty Advan- tage for its Situation for Trade : And therefore London not a. Municipium under the Ro- mans. Cam- (Ian. R. B. - London a mixed Roman Colony. Still. Antiq. ofLon- don, P. 533. . S. apt to draw both Romans and Natives together. ; Where it had all the Encouragement which the . Roman Gayernor’srRefidence could give it; which would foon make the City in fo {mall a Time The " flntiyuity of ' London. tenant in the Time of - Domitian, was the tint j and Courts for Juitice ; to bring up the Noble- ' éby the Favour and Allowance of the Romans. R grow to great, that, although it was firfl: built in Claudms’s Time, yet in Nero’s it might be too ,large for Suetonius Paulina: to hazard his Army :to defend it. For wherefoever there was a new gProvinee made, there Was. great Occafion for ;_fue‘h an Emporium, or Place of Trading to be fet up. For the Citizens of Rome made mighty Improvements of their Entries, by fendino their 'MOnies into new Provinces. _ o ' Mr. Owen, a learned WWW, hath lately London, 2. proved, in a Writing of his which I have feen, firm City againi’t the abovefaid learned Stillingfleet, that before-Cd!” ~ London was a great City before the Romans came EELS?” hither ; and vindicates therein our Briti/b Hitter» Vindicia Brie Y)" which fpeaks of Cafinelaune’s befieging‘ Loni mm.“ « don, when the Trinoaantos invited Csofar over; and that his Landing had obliged him to raifé . the Siege. ~ He takes Notice for this Purpofe of the Account that Tacitus giveth of this Plate, Cognomento quidem 0010711}? non infigne, i. o. “ That Anna]. Lib; “ it was not indeed dignified with the Name of 14‘ “ a Colony, but molt famous for abundance of “ Merchants and Provifions.” Whenée that Author obferves. I. That London was at this Time, about the Fifth of Nero, renowned for all Manner of Provifions and Necefi'aries for'thé fupplying of an Army; and that it feemed, by Tacitus’s Words, to have been the great Trea- fury of the Riches of the Kingdom, as it is now. 2. That, confidering it abOunded with Mere chants, it feems to have been then what it is now, the chief trading City of the Ifland. That Cog/or fpake of Britt/lo Merchants in Gaul: Whet ther they were Gaul: trading to Britain, or Bri-t tons trading into Gaul, it» comes to one. Foi‘ Trades cannot be managed without Correfponda enCes 'and Factories. That the Britons traded for Tin and Lead with the Pbenicians and Greeks. They refined and tranfported it by the 1/1: of Wight into Gaul, and thence by Land on Horfeback in ' thirty Days, or thereabouts, to- Marfeilles. This Trade flourilhed here long be‘ fore the Romans knew this Ifland. Therefore if Diodor,SicuI, Cities have rifen by Merchandize, London mul’t V- 8- ‘ be much more ancient than Cnfar’s Time; and its Situation being advantageous for Trade, being the Center of Briti/lo Merchandize, we may con- clude it was the ancient Emporium of the Briti/b Trade with the Gauls, Pbeniaians, and Greeks. That learned Bifhop writes, that it grew’into a City by the Romans trading into this Country : And why not as well by the Trade of theGrer/c: . and Pbonicians hither, who had a Val’t Traffic in this Ifland. . . Again, London muft be ,a Place of Strength, Ionian indie: when Paulinus'Suotonius, in his Return from Mom,ffi£e§m°' i. e.‘ Anglo/6y, marched with f0 much Refolution Sums,» through the Midf’t of the Enemies Country, to pofiefs himfelf of it, with an Intention to make it the Seat of the War, as Tacitus faith. But that, not finding there {0 confiderable a Number of Roman Forces as he expeéted, he altered his Purpofe, and chofe to referve the relt with the Lofs of one Town. his ali'ords‘ an Argument of the Bignefs of London at that Time. For he had now in all about Ten Thoufand Men well armed: But this Number Was infuflicient to defend it. Tacitus {peaks of it as a very pleafant Place, laying, “ The Sweetnefs of the Place tempted “ fome to ftay behind, who were all cut off _by “ Boaa'z'oea.” Nor is there any Reafon to think the Romans built the City of London, where there was neither a Colony, nor a Mumci turn, as the faid Bifliop feems to confefs. . Nor nth it appear that they had built any Cities in firstam at this Time: No, not Camalodunum, Wthh was a Ro-f man Colony; not Verulamz'um, a Mumcrpal or . their own Municipal Laws, 5 Tacit. Annal.‘ :4. Lori B“: redo. Free City, enjoying Nor: C 8 Nor is itprobable that in folfhort a. Time, as, ' from j‘ulz’us Cafar to Nero, ;in whofe Reign Ta- citu; gives the former Account of London,, it could become f0 famous for her Merchants and Pro- vifions. . Nor yet, do «the Roman Hifioties give any Account why Trinolantum fhould in [0 few Years ,change its *Name into London. _But the Briti/b I—lii’tory accounts for this Name -,. name- ,5 London, why fo called from Briton Writ- ens. ly, that Lad, Brother to Caflnelaune, renewed the Walls of it, and called‘it Lud—din,- that; is, the Cityof Lud, or Llwyd; which, to this Day, is a, known Briti/b Name, fignifying, Grey in Englijb, And itcame’ by an eaiy .Variation to be called ‘Lundin; and one of its Gates, i near which Lud was interred, called Portb Lud, or Ludgate, .as it is called to this Day. I This Lud was Son to Belinus Mag-nus; whofe Name is [fill continued on Belinjgate. ,The Bi- fhop of Worcejien does not pretend, to derive ' London» from any Latin Word; a Prefumption -_ that it is not of a Roman Original, Ammianur ’ Marcellinus, who flourifhed A. 1). 380, called it Vein/tum Oppidum, i. e. an ancientTown, and makesit to be the City of ,the Trinooantes. He calls it Lundinum. Tacitus and Ptoloniy, Loadi- niunt ;- Step/Janus, Awdcioviov. - < Laftly, the fame learned Wel/bnian obferveth the Antiquity of London by 2. Coin of the Em— peror Claudius relating to Britain ; which Camden fpeaks of : It had Britannica: on one Side, and, on the Reverfe, Metropolis Etiminii ‘Ba. Lo. W here Camden conceives Etiminii to be the fame with fldminii. - Which fldminiu: was the Son of Cunooelin, King of Catnalodunum; and'being ex- pelled by his Father, fled to Caligula when he was makingWar upon the Ocean, as Suetoniu: writes : And that it is not unlikely he might ingratiate himfelf with Britannicw, the Son of Claudius, or with Claudius himfelf, who was alfo {tiled Britan- nicus; and f0 have‘been confiitutqd King of Lon- don, as Ba. Lo. i. e. Bafileos Londini, may import: Since that Cities were: fometimes befitowed by the Romans upon the Britons, as Camalodunum was up- A Roman Coin fhewing the Antiquity of London. Suelon. Cm 1231!]. Tbe Antiquity of. London. 775i: Building}: The IV all. - Book I. et after "all, ’let me fubjoin what another Landon no And y Brag/o City. learned Antiquarian affirms : That Geofrey of Mon- ,moutb cannot be credited, who wrote that London . was a City in the Briti/b Times, a City compafl'ed gwith Walls, and fortified with innumerable 3'05” Wood's RT0wers-, fince the Briton; in thofe ,Days were WW’ M' D’ jbarbarous and ‘favage; and their- Towns . no. other than Grovesand Thickets, invironed on- ily with an Hedgeand a Ditch. Nor was there ;a Brick among them ,nor at all, as far as the :Romans at- their Defcent here could obferve, .had {they 'ever gone about to raife' one -- Stone upon ianother. ' Now a W0 Iof the City. 7 . . 'In Q Elifaoetb’s Time/were. i’triét Proclama- Proclamati: l‘vti‘ons againfi: Inmates, and Increafe of new Build- 0'“ 383,1” :ings in the City-,_ yet to fmall Effect. In the, ?;‘:.B“‘1d' :2 Reg. yacolz. I. An. 1605, Mar, 1. A Procla- E. Haw, {mation'was iffued forth,’ forbidding all Increafe Chron‘ rd or We concerning the Buildings [of new Building withinxthe City, and one Mile. ithereof -, and, likewife commanding all Perfons henceforwards to build their F orefronts and For Fore-j " 5Windows, either of Brick or Stone; as well from: for.Decency,- as by reafon all great and well- grown Woods were much fpent and waited; fo as Timber for Shipping waxed fcarce. 'But this alfo had little Effect. When, upon Ofiol. Io,_' I607, Proclamation Was made again to the' fame Purpofe. And, Oltob. 16,,fome were CCD‘, fured in the Star-Chamber, for building contrary to the Tenor of the Proclamation. Again, by a Proclamation fln, 1614, all Commiflioners i . ‘ were required to proceed with all Striétnefs againfi: all Offenders -in this fort. From this Time be- gan the new Reformation of Building. The firff Houfe of Note thus built was an Houfe in the Strand, belonging to Colonel Cecil: _ After that,- an Houfe near Drapers—Hall : Next, to that, a Goldfmitb’s Houfe in Clocapfide, overagainfthad- [err-Hall : And a Leatherfiller’s, Houfe in ,St. Paul’s Church—Yard, near the North-gate; who , Was compelled thereunto, after he had, fet. up his on Cunalelin; and fome Cities upon Cogidunus. Houfe, being all'of Timber.] ' . ~ . 'C H A The Antiquity of tne Wall luilt alout For Defence again/l Me Piéts and Scots. of tfie W alli of London. Murage. ‘ I ideflrilecl. The Dimenflons of it; and a Computation of tbe- Ground witbin tlae W all:. The Wall: N few Years after, as Simeon of Durham, an I311? h°m fir“, ancient Writer, reporteth, Helen, the Mother Sim,” of :of Con/iantine the Great, was the firf’t that in- Durbam. .walled this City about the Year of Chrii’t 306. But, however thofe Walls of Stone might be .builded by the faid Helen, yet the Britons, I know, had no Skill of building with Stone; as may appear by that which followeth about the Year of Chriit ‘3 9, when flrcadius and Hono- rius, the Sons 0 Theodoflus Magnur, governed , the Empire, the one in the Bali, the other in The Roman: the Well. .. For, Honorius having received Britain, gift". g°V°m the City of Rome was invaded and deftroyed by n am‘ the Got/9L After which Time the Roman: left to rule in Britain, as being employed in Defence of their Territories nearer home. * Whereupon the Britons, not able to defend themfelves againi’t the Invafions of their Enemies, were many Years together under the Opprefiion of two mofl: cruel g£§3f5?d Nations, the Scots and Pitts. And at the length 3mm. 3 e Were forced to fend their Ambafiadors with Let— ters and lamentable Supplications to Rome; re- . I P. H. ~ .‘ ' . tbe City. ‘W alls 'wbenfiifl inlBritairi. * Tée Maintenance and Reparation Tbe ancient Wall near Bifhopfgate Sat’tantity of quiring Aid and Succour from thence,_ upon Promife of their continual .Fealty; f0 that the Romans would refcue them out of the Hands of ‘ their Enemies. Hereupon the Romans fent unto them a Legion, which coming into this Ifland, and encountering with the Enemies, overthrew a great Number of them, and drove the reft 'out of the Frontiers of the.Country-, and f0 fetting the Briton: at Liberty, counfelled them to make a Wall, extending all along between the two Seas ; which might be'of Force to keep out'The [an-,0,” their evil Neighbours ; and then returned home make a Turf with great Triumph. But the Britons wanting Wall f‘gamfi Mafons, builded that Wall not of Stone, as they 215%} g?" were advifed, but made it of Turf ; and that building with {0 flender, that it ferved little or norhin‘g at Stone- all for their Defence. And the Enemy, per- ceiving that the Roman Legion was, returned home, forthwith arrived out of their. Boats, ‘invaded the Borders, overcame the Country, :and, as it were, bare down all that was before them. . / Whereupon .Chfip.‘ He The Briton: f dots to u . . . £07”, for Aid. they would not fuffer their miferable Country to be utterly deltroyed. _ Then again, another Le- made a great Slaughter of .the Enemy, and chaced him home even to his. own Country. . Jermain. of, Mel-Wall... r'Whereupon Ambafl‘adors were fpeedily dif-- For then it is affirm” ' ' ' " * _. -. .._ ., . ed, tht ,. > fend Ambaf Patched to Rome» lamentably befeec'lung that; I’Vz'rral, , Mailer .. to the szefgg '3BécEFOtfifff Thefc 12.0mm, atétheir Departure. told the. Bra-t tons plainly, that-it was not fortheir Eafe or? ._ Leifure, 'to take upon them any more fuch long ' land laborious Journies for their Defence: ., And and Weapbns, and learn to withi’tand their Ene- ' mies ; whom nothingelfe did make fo firong, géjcbinau. ,as their faint Hearts and Cowardice. And for-V l (U. a. ‘ . . . B‘ 5 'Help, and Encouragement unto their tributary Th1: Kiwi”, Friends, whom theywere now forced to forfake, :ZI:§t:ng 1’ they builded for them, a Wall of hard Stone from Wall between the Weft Sea to the Eafi: Sea, direétly along by gap: and the thofe Cities, which were made, here and there (0 I. where Severus the; Emperor had before call: his Trench ;. the Britons alfo. puttingto their help- ing Hands, as Labourers. This Wall“ they .built eight Feet thick in Breadth, and twelve Feet in Height, right 'as it were by a Line, from 33:85:: Bait {to Well; as the Ruins thereof remaining in maining. many Places till this Day do make'appear. The Rmfmf . Which Work thus perfeéted, they [the Ro— gf‘arfclgég’” mans] give the People {trait Charge to look well 434_ to themfelves : They teach them to handle their Weapons, and they infiruét them in war-. like Feats. And left by the Seafide, South- wards, where their Ships lay at Harbour, the Enemy lhould come on ,Land, they made up fundry ‘Bulwarks, each fomewhat ‘difcant from the other; and fo bade them farewel, as minding no more to return. This happened in the Days of the Emperor Theodoflus the younger, almoft five hundred Years after the firf’t Arrival of the Romans here, about the Year after Chriii’s Incar- nation 434- The Britons add'ét d . The Britons after this, continuing a lingering x e to and doubtful War wkh the Scots and Pitts, made Intern erance , , . . and vice, chorce of Vortzger to be their King and Leader : gimtury. which Man, as faith Malmsbury, was neither va- ( o lorous of Courage, nor wife of Counfel, but wholly given over to the unlawful Luits of his Fleih. The People likewife, in {hort time, be— ing grown to fome Qiietnefs, gave themfelves to Gluttony and Drunkennefs, Pride and Con- tention, Envy, and fuch other Vices, cafiing from them the Yoke of Chrii‘t. In the mean Amifled with Seafon a bitter Plague fell among them, confum- ag‘ri“a:11:lag‘le.ingin {hort Time fuch a Multitude, that the Egg; Qiick were not fufficient to bury the Dead. And heir wicked yet the Remnant remained fo hardened in Sin, ,IVCS- ‘that neither the Death of their Friends, nor Fear of their own Danger, could cure the Mortality of their Souls. Whereupon a greater Stroke of Vengeance enfued upon the whole finful Nation. For being now again infefted with their old Nei hbours, the Scots and Pitt's, they confult wit their King V ortiger, and fend for the Saxons. Entrance 0f Who ihortly after arrived here in Britain. iiifosgfffdm Where, faith Bede, they were received as Friends. Whodrive. But, as it proved, they minded to dei’troy the them into Country as Enemies. For, after that they had m? M°““' driven out the Scots and Pitt's, they alfo drave the gigging: Britons, fome over the Seas, fome into the weft Bede. . Mountains of Wales and Cornwal ', and divided There» its thethe Country into divers Kingdoms amongi’t them- B’WW’ ’g.“°' felves. Thefe Saxons were likewife, as the Bri- mmm build tons were, ignorant of the Architecture, or Build- ing with Stone, until the Year of Chrii’t '68o. .ing with Stone. Mafons brought firfl in Britain by Benet, a ' Monk. Lib. 27. c. 8. Suetonius * Londonium Vetus Oppidum. Commeatuum maxim? reledre. iii/ion: fed Copia Negotiatorum {5’ J’o ’ to keep out the Enemies, in the felf—fame Place. fomuch as they thought that it would be no fmall - .“Chal' d'ld'PU :;m thereforepbade.them.praélife the Ufe of Armour ' ices an go en 'n‘efis but fince golden brought Mafons and, Workmen ianto'ne into i this Iiland among the Saxons. He, Ifay, brought gion -WaS' fent; Which, coming upon a fudden, 3? hither, Artificers of Stone-houfes, Painters and Glaziers :' Arts before that Time unto the Saxons unknown -, who before that Time ufedbut wood, en Buildings. . -_ U.’ , ‘. ' And to this accordeth Polyclaronicon,: who faith, Wooden “ Then had ye wooden Churches, nay, wooden Churches, wooden Chas “ Chalices, and wooden Prief’ts.’,’ And to knit up 1,225,131,131: this Argument, King Edgar, in his Charter. to, the but golden Abbey of Malmsbury, dated the Year of Chril’c 974, Priefis. _ hathWords to this Effeét : “ All the Monai’teries Nfionafiems -“ in my Realm, to the outward Sight, are nothing Eight? “ butworm—eaten androtten Timber, and Boards, ‘9 and, that worfe is,‘ withinthey are almoi’t emp- “ ty, and void of Divine Service.” , ~ . Thus much mui’t be faid for Walling, not only in refpeét of this City, but gen'erallyalfo of the firit Praétice of building Walls within the Realm:- Now to return to our City, andito relate 'hOW the Walls thereof have been fince their Founo dation preferved; maintained and repaired: Taking firitinto our Confideration the Name whereby this City, thus f’trengthened with Walls” and Gates, is called, whereof we have ‘faid fome'e thing already. Trinovant, or Trinobant, as Cafar The ancient hath it, is fince by Tacitus, Ptolomeus, and Ans name of tonius, called Londinium, and Longidinium : ' of “Wm flmmianus, Lundinum, and flugufla; who calleth it an ancient City of our Britons, .* Lundain : of the Saxons, Lundoneajter, Lundonberig, Lundona mic : of Strangers, Londra and-Loondras : of the Inhabitants, London. Whereofyou may read a . more large and learned Difcourfe, and how it took its Name, in that Work .of my loving Cam/”gs gnu, Friend Mr. Camden, now Clareneieux, which 'is tannia, Mid- called Britannia. . ‘11?“- This City of London, having been deftroyed K..A1fredre'-~ and burnt by the Dunes, and other Pagan Ene—' 231“" the mies, about the Year of Chrii’t 839, .was.by "y' fllfred King of the Wdt-Saxons, in the Year 886, repaired and honourably rei’tored, and made a- gain habitable: Who alfo committed. the Cufe tody thereof unto his Sondn-la’w Ethelred, Earl of Mercia, unto whom before he had given his Daughter Et/relfled. And that this City was London now firongly walled may appear by divers Accidents, $3?ng whereof I have read fome, namely, . _. ‘ PVilZiam of Malmsbury hath, That, about the Year of Chriit 894, the Londoners {hut up their Gates, and defended their King Etlerred .[or . Etheldred] within their Walls againi’t the Danes. In the Year 1016, Edmund Ironfide reigning oVer 5 n ’ the Weft—Saxons, Canute the Dane, bringing. his A‘Zf’r'imf’“ Navy into the weft Part of the Bridge by a Harem-m. Trench which he had caufed to be cut, cent a Trench about the City -, and then attempted to have won it by Alfault. But the Citizens re- ulfed him, and drove him from their Walls. Alfo, in the Year 1052, Earl Godwin with'his Navy failed up by the fouth End of the Bridge, _, along the fouthern Side of the River; and in AW?“ €11: affailed the Walls. And William Fitz-Stephen, Eleni/3:11:12? writing in the Reign” of King Henry 11, 0f the Side, on the Walls of this City, hath thefe Words, 'Wé'l. Malmfl “ The South. “ Wall is high and great, well towered on the “ north Side, with due Dii’tances between the “ Towers. On the fouth Side alfo the City was “ walled and towered, but the Fifh—aboundmg “ River of Thames, Wit? 1his Elébirfig and F low “ ' at lon fince u verte t em. lilyg ,1th niirth Sgide, he meaneth from the River The Waii on of Thames in the Bait, to the River of Thames in the M" . nomento quidem Colonies, non the Paulinus Londinium perrzxit, cog Annal. 14. c. 33. 7. S. to The Walls how main— tained and re- paired. Roger of {Weirdest/er. Matt. Paris, Randolph Cag- fin]. Illa”. Paris. Ctnfiom to be taken for the new Tower by Black-fri- art. :7. .9. Record. Tar. Culloms laid upon Goods for Murage. Murage. antigen]: of, tee-.2 WM. the Welt. For i?) ftrétched the Wall in his ( Pizz- Step/am) Time. And the City being far more in ‘ Length from Bait to Well, than in Breadth from ‘ South toNorth, and alfo narrower at both Ends, f than in the Middle, is therefore compaffed with; the Wall on the Land-fide, in Form of: a BOW,* except denting in between Cripplegate and Aidtrfi: gate. But the Wall on the fouth Side, along by? the River of Thames, was limit as the String of a? Bow 3 and all furnifhed with Towers or Bulwarks‘, ' as we now term them, in due Diflzance eve ‘_ one - from the other, as witnefl‘eth our Author“. Fitz- Stepben) and outfiel‘ites may behold from the Land’s Side. ‘ ‘ . This may fuf‘fice fer Proof of a Wall, and the Form thereof, and the fame to have been of great Antiquity as any other within this Realm. , - _ And now touching the Maintenance and Re— pairing of the {aid Walls, I find, that in the Year ' 1215, the 6th of King film, the Barons entering the City by Ealdgate, firfl' took Afl‘urance of the Citizens, and then the brake into the Houfes of ' the jaws, and {earche their Coders, to fill their, own Purfes. And after, with great Diligence, re- paired the Walls and the Gates of the City with Stones taken from the yew: broken Houfe‘s. London, which were fore decayed, and deftitute of Towers (and Towrets) to be repaired in" more feemly wife than before, at the common Charge of the City. Alfo in the Year 1282, King Edward I, having granted fome Years before to Robert Kil- warb}, Archbifhop of Canterbury, Licence, for the enlarging of the Black-friars Church, to break and take down a Part of the Wall of the Ci- ty from Liadgate to the River of T banter : He grant- ed alfo to Henry Walleir, Mayor, and the Citizens of London, the Favour to take, toward the making of the Wall, and Inclofure of the City, certain Cultoms, or Toll, as appeareth by his Grant. This Wall Was then to be made from Ludgate, Wefl: to Fleet—bridge, along behind the Houfes, and along by the Water of the Fleet, unto the River of Thames. Moreover, in' the Year 1310, Edward II. com- manded the Citizens to make up the Wall al- ready begun, and the Tower at the End of , the fame Wall, within the Water of theTbamcr, near unto the Black—firiarr, &c. [And the-re is a Re— cord IO Edward II, Anna Dar». 1 3 16. London. dc certi: Confitetudz'nib. 8zc. de rebut otnaliéus ibid. m— pz'end. in 'auxilium ugh/dam none Terri: muro Civi— tat. juxtd man/um fratrum Predicatorum pergfitimd, i. e. Concerning certain Cuftoms and Tolls to be taken in Landon of Things fold there, for the Aid of finifhing a certain new Tower on the City Wall, hard by the Manfion of the Friars Preachers] It was alfo granted by King Ric/yard II. in the Tenth of his Reign, that a Toll ihould be taken of Wares fold by Land or by Water, for ten Years, to- wards thc repairing of the Walls, and cleaning of the Ditch about Laxdtn. Several other Letters Patents of Kings were made for the repairing of thefe Walls and Ditches from Time to Time, as Need required. What I have met with in Recordsl will mention; and that Tax of ten Years made by King Richard II. I ihall fiat down at large. T hefe were in Decay in the Reigns of Edward the Fir/i, Second, and 51" bird, and Richard the Second. And for raifing Contribution to do this Work, wherein In much 'of the Honour and Safety of the City, nay, of King and Kingdom, conlil’ted, the Mayor and Aldermen fucceflively received Mandates from the Kings, to pay particular Cultoms Or Tolls, upon the Provilions and Commodities that were brought, in, to be fold and bought. And this was called Murage, which none were exempted from, ex- cept the City of Winch/fer, and perhaps lbme few 3, In- the Year 1257, Henry III. caufed the Walls of other Cities and T'ovms, which, by. a Compofition with the City of London, paid no Pontage, Mu- rage, and Pannage. . ' - i ' _ .Such a Charter Edward I. granted about the Fourth of his Reign, Anna 1276, which ,1 have read in the-'ReCords of the Chamber. ~ - '- - - . ‘1 Edwardfis, Ste. Edward, &c. To his wellbe " loved the ‘M’a-iofiand Sheriffs, and the roll of his ‘ Citizens of London, Greeting. Know yee, that ‘ for-Aid of Repair of the Walls and Claufure of ‘ our- City aforefaid, from the aforefaid Day to the 5 End ”of- three Years next following, yee take, in the aforefaid City, of 'vendible Things coming to the-City,- -the underWritten Cultoms, ‘viz. Of to be foid, 1 d.‘ Of eachWeight of Lead, 1 9. 0f every Hundred o'f'WaX. to be fold, 2 d. Of every Hundred of Almonds and Riges, I d. Of every Hundred of Game, 12 d. Of every Hurr- dred of Pepper and Ginger, Cetewal. Kane]. F rankinfence, Brafil, QiicklilVer, Vermilion, Verdegreace, 2 d. Of eVCry Hundred of Cum- min, Allum, Zubar, Liquorifh, Annifeed, Cy- romdntani ~'- - - - - .- - i d. For everyHundred of Briml’cone, Arg. Rofin, Coperas, and Ca~ lamus, 1 d. Of every rofs Frail of Figs and Raifins, 1 ob. And 0' every lefs «F rail, 1 d. And fo of a greatNumber of Commodities more, each‘their Cultoms. Moreover, of every Hog- lhead of Beer going out of London to the Parts beyond Sea, I d. Of every Mill to grind Things to be fold, 2 d. Of every Horfe to be fold at the Price of 40 5. I d. Of every Bull andICow, 05. &c. ~ ~ And then the fame King, in another Letter to the Mayor, Sheriffs, and Citizens, enjoined them to proceed to the faid Repairs 5 which ran to’this Tenor": ' 5 _ , . ,_ ' - Cum tomqflerimus, , &c. - ‘ Whereas we have granted you for the Aid of the Work of the Walls of our City, and the Clofure of thefame, divers Cufioms of VCndible Things, coming to the {aid City, to be taken for a certain Time, We command you, that you caufe to be finifhed Friars Preachers, and a certain good and comely Tower at the Head of the faid Wall, within the Water of the Thames, 8tc.’ - Divers fuch Letters were ifliied out-in theReign of the next King, Edward II, as in his firl’t‘Year, Second, Sixth, Eighth, till the Twelfth; when, by long taking of thefe Cultoms, there follonred at length a great Inconvenience, which was, that Provifions were more fparingly brought to the City, for the Supply of Necelfaries. So that in that Year Letters came forth from the King, for not taking Cul’tom of Things faleable any more, becaufe, by that Occafion, Vifiualid non adduc'mx- tur, in detrimentum Cioitatz'r, as the Patent ran. But before this Year, thefe Kings, as well as Others after them, granted Aids and Impolition-s upon feveral Commodities and Merchandizes brought into the City both by Land or Water, towards the Reparation of the" City Walls, Forts, Ditches, and fuch-Iike. n 6 fl 6 0 h R an the Wall of the faid City, now began near the , «Book. I. *‘ The Toll granted by Edward I . for Murage. Chamb. of Land. Horn. Fol. 183. every PoiZe [or Weight} of Cheefe, Butter, E55. ' The King’s Letter to re- pair the Wall: 1461' fit m. As for thofe Letters of King Ritbard II, in the Letter, 05K; 10th of his Reign, which laid the like CuI’tom Badman.» upon Goods, Merchandizes, and Packs brought 2;? March into London; and that to endure for ten-Years, for Reparation of the {aid Walls and Ditches 3 it ran to this Tenor 3 f. ‘ Rex dilefiz's Mcy'arz' 59° Aldermannz'r, &c. 2'. 6. De Mumgg, ‘ The Knig to his beloved the Meier and Alder- pro Cz'wir. ‘ men, and the left of the Citizens of London, ‘ liendeth Health. Know yee, That whereas as Landon Pat. Io.R.z.}:. t. M. 31. in the ‘ well the Walls, and other (flfortz‘amenm) Forts 7pm,. ‘ of the faid City, be old and weak, and, for want ‘ of Repair, are fallen down in fome Places: As ‘ alfo, the Ditches of the fame City are exceeding- Y Chap. Brick and Lime made'in fifaorefields for II. ‘ ly filled with Dirt, ”Dunghills, and other Filth, ‘. and with Grafs. growing in the fame, not only ‘ to the evident Danger of the faid City and In- ‘, habitants thereof, and chiefly at this prefent ‘_ Time of War, but alfo to the manifefi: Difgrace ‘. and Scandal of Us and the Whole City, Ede.’ And then the King grants the faid Mayor and Aldermen a Power, to endure for ten Years, to take of all Kind of Victtials and faleable Merchan- dizes brought to the City by Land or Water, coming within the Liberty, the Cui‘coms under- written, vz'z. For every Hundred of Wax 4 d. 69%. and upon Abundance of other Wares certain Du— ties .were flat and fixed. Yet this Murage was not {0 precifely to be ap— plied for the Reparation of the Walls, but that upon Occafion the King would command fome Part of it to other Ufes : As once King Edward the Second, in his fixth Year, appointed the Re- paration of Net/agate to be made goddfirom thence. T hUS in a Record in the Tower, 6 Edward II, Rafe S , Keeper of Newgate, was appointed by the King to repair the Chamber and Enclofure (Claafararn) of Newgate de Exitihar Mnragz'z' {9° Pan- narz'z', i. C. out of the, Iffues of Murage and Pan- nage; and a Mandate was given to the Mayor and Sheriffs for that Purpofe. And in the fame Record mention is made de flflendo de Cathenz's ex tranverfo 'vz'eorarn z'hz'd. extendend. i. e, Oi‘l‘topping People that brought in Commodities, by Chains to be laid crofs the Streets there, till the faid Cuf- toms appointed were paid] . . In the I 7th of Edward IV, Ralph 70feelz'ne, May— or, caufed Part of the Wall about the City to be repaired, to wit, between Aldgate and Alderfgate. He Caufed alfo the Moorefield to 'be fearched for Clay, and Brick thereof to be made, and burnt. Reparation of He likewife caufed Chalk to be brought out of the Wall. The Compa- nies repair the decayed Wall. A Record of the {aid Re- parations. john Ran/2’, Ralph Hailin- fled. AM Bi/hopfgate new built, 1 477. Kent, and to be burnt into Lime in the faid Moore- field, for the more Furtherance of the Work. ' Then the Skinners, to begin in the Eaii, made that Part of the Wall betwixt Aldgare and Barres Mrhs, towards Bé/hopfigate ; as may appear by their Arms in three Places fixed there. The May— or,’ with his Company of the Drapers, made all that Part betwixt Bifhopfigate and Allhallows Church in the fame Wall -, and from Allhallaws toward the Pofiern, called Moaregate. A great Part of the fame Wall was repaired by the Executors of Sir 70hn Crafhy, late Alderman; as may appear by his Arms fianding in two Places there fixed. O- ther Companies repaired the reft of the Wall to the"Poltern of'Crz'pplegate. The Goldfmiths re- paired from Crz'pplegate towards fllderfgate, and there the Work ceafed. . In a Record which I have icon, and affirmed alfo by 7ahn-Roafi2, and after him, by Raphael Hollin/hed, I find thus written : . ' ‘,‘ Anna MCCCCLXXVII. by the Diligence of “ Ralph 7afeelz'ne, Maior of London, the Wall a— “ bout London was new made betwixt flldgate and “r Creplegaz‘e. He catlfed the Moorefields to be “ fearched for Clay, and Brick to be made and “ burnt there. He caufed Chalk alfo to be “ 'brought’out of Kent, and in the fame Moore- “ field: to be burnt into Lime, only for the F ur- therance of that Work. The Maior, with his 5‘. Company of Drapers, made all that Part be— twixt Bi/hepflgate and Alhallaws Chur’cyh in the fame Wall. Bi/hopfgate its felf washew built by the Merchants Almaz'ns of .the Stillyard. And from Alhallarws Church in the Wall to- ward Moaregate, a great Part of the fame was. builded of the Goods, and by the Executors of Sir 70hn Crofl/y, fometime an Alderman, and Maiorof London, as may appear by his Arms thereon fixedintwoPlaces. . F‘ ' The Company of Skinners made that Part N U M B . II. - . interpofed Reparation of the Wall. "C of the Wall between Aldgaté and Buries Marin towards Bi/hop/gateg as may appear by their Arms in three Places fixed. The other Com- pames of the City made the other Deal of the Wall -, which was a great Work to be done in “ One Year.” * " . An ingenious Account of thefe ancient Walls of London, and the Manner and Matter-of their" Building, the learned Dr. Woodward, of Grrfiam College, Profeflbr pf Phyfic there, hath given in Writing, occafioned .by fome Digging near the Wall at Bg/hopgate, for Foundations of certain new Houfes to be ereéted there in the Year I 707. On which Occafion the Wall was broke up, and Part of the Materials applied to the raifing of the new Building, which gave him an Opportunity ofobferving the Fabric and Compofition of it. The Foundation of the Wall here lay eight Feet beneath the prefent Surface; and from that, up to almoft ten' Feet in Heighth, it was compiled of Rag-liones, with fingle Layers of broad Tiles interpofed, each Layer at two Feet Dillance. To this ~Height the Workmanihip was after the Ro- man” Manner. And thefe were the Remains of the ancient Wall, fuppofed to ‘be that built by Conflantz'ne the Great. In this it was very obferVa- ble, that the Mortar was, as ufual in the Roman Works, f0 very firm and hard, that the Stone it- felf as eafily brake and gave Way, as that. It was, thus far from the Foundation upwards, nine Feet in Thicknefs ~, and yet fo vaf’c a Strength and Bulk had not been able to fecure it from be— ing beat down, and near levelled with the Ground.- Thofe broad Tiles, mentioned above, were all of Roman Make. The Romans ufed commonly two Sorts of Tiles, ‘vz'z. Tegala hipedales £5 fefgui- pedales, i. e. Two Feet Tiles, and Tiles a Foot and an Half. Thofe of this Wall were of the latter Sort. Each of them is in Engli/h Meafure one Inch, and three Tenths in Thicknefs, eleven Inches and fix Tenths in Breadth, and feventeen a G H l‘ c 'u .Inches four Tenths in Length. The old Wall having been demoliihed, as a— bove, was afterwards repaired again, and carried up of the Thicknefs of the former underneath, to eight or nine Feet in Height -, or, if higher, there was no more of that Work now fianding. All this was apparently additional, and of a Make later than the other Part underneath. It is com; piled chiefly of Rag-{tone , only in the Sides were a few Bricks uncertainly, and without any fiated Method. On the Outfide, the Stone was fquared, and wrought into Layers of five“ Inches in Thicknefs. Between theft: were alter- nately interpofed two Courfes of Bricks, of the fame Form with thofe on the Infide. Thefe were very large, being of the Shape of the Modern, but eleven Inches in Length, and five 1n Breadth, and two and a Half in Thicknefs. There was not one of the abovementioned Tiles in all this Part -, nor was the Mortar here near fo hard as in that lower. As the Fund and Ground within the City hath by Rubbifh, and the Ruin of Houfes,_been fucj celiively raifed and heightened every Age, it was requifite the Wall without lhould rlfC'lIRCWIl‘C in, Proportion ; and by Reafon thereof, in Tract of Time, upon the before-mentioned additional ' Work, it was found needful to build the prefent City Wall. This is made of Brick of the fiatutae ble Size, and the Model now in Ufe, and topped Battlement-ways with Copings of Stone. 112.19 two Feet in T hicknefs, and fix in Height -, and is, Without Doubt, the fame that was’built 1n the Year 14.77, in the Reign of Edward IV: 3}? fhopfgate itfelf was built two Years after, in t e Form it {till retaineth. The Workmen, lately f-"d r bl lower than the CHIBloyed there, funk con 1 e a y Foundation: It The Fabrié .of the Wall about BIL/hop}? gate. 7. 3. Dr. john , Woodward. Conf. Candi Britan. in Mid. p. 312,... and Burt. Comment. on Antonin. Iti- ner. 1)7 165, Thicknefs of the Wall. Roman Tiles in the Wall. Repaired and railed higher. The prefent City Wall.- r2 Buildings near the Walls. c; J . Gates and Bulwarks on the Walls. R. B. 0 U. . 0f the. antient Town-Ditch. Eonndations of this Gate; and by that Means learned, they lay not f0 deep as thofe of the old , City Wall by four or five Feet. Woodward. Thus far Dr. COHCerning Buildings next thefe Walls, was i this" Order made of old, That every Tenement. fituate near the Walls ought to be fixteen Feet diftant from them] , ’ Through this wall of London, ‘there are feve-' ral Gates andPoi’terns, which ihall hereafter be ' fpoken of diitinétly. Between which there were anciently fome {mall Bulwarks or Watch-towers difperfed, but of no certain Difiance one from the other, neither of equal Greatnefs, nor Shape. In all there were about the Wall Fifteen, viz. fT he Pofiern by the Tower and flldgate 3 l flldgate and Bifloopfgate 3 Bi/hopgate and Mooregate 1 Between < Crioplegate and Adder/gate 4. Alder-[gate and Newgate 2 LNewgate and Ludgate 2 I5] Circuit of the ‘The Circuit of the Wall of London, on the all from Bait to Weft. . Aiiize. The Town- Ditch. 7. s. Lih. Dun/la- le. Ditch about London 200 Feet broad. Lih. Trin. Land’s-fide, to wit, from the Tower of London in the. Eai’c, unto flldgate, is 82 Perches. From flld— gate to Bijhopfigate, 86 Perches. From Bi/hopjg‘ate in the North, to the Poitern of Crepplegate, I62 Perches. From Crepplegate to Ealderflgate, 75 Perches. From Eldriehgate (or Ealderfgate) to Newgate, 66 Perches. From Newg‘ate in the W ell, to Ludgate, 42 Perches. In all, 513 Perches of From Ludgate again to the Fleet Dike, weft, about 60 Perches. From Fleet~hridge, fouth, to the River of Thames, about 70 Perches And lo the Total of thefe Perches amounteth to 643, every Perch confifting of five Yards and an Half. Which do yield 3536 Yards and an Half, con- taining 10608 Feet, which make up two Englzjh Miles and more by 608‘ Feet. The modern Dimen/ion of the Wall ahout the City. The Circuit of the Wall taken on the Land- fide, begirting the City, 'oiz. The eal’tern, nor- thern, and wei’tern Parts, from the Thames to the Thames, to wit, from the Tower in the Eaft, to the Entrance of Fleet Canal, made fince the Fire of London, into the T hames in the Wei’t, contains as follows : , Feet "The Wall of the Tower to the Pofiem Gate L 1 30 The Pofl‘ern. Gate to Aldgate 1462 Aldgate to Bi/hopfigate ' 1444. .. Bi/hop/gate to Mooregate 1 664. T From < Mooregate to Crepplegate 10 32. “ Crepplegate to fllder/gate 1265 Alderfgate to Newgate 1037 Newgate to Ludgate 797 Ludgate to the Canal 4.54.: LAlong the Canal to the Thames 780 In all 10065 Which is 610 Poles or Perches about ; which is two Miles wanting 10 Perches. The Length of the Line from the Tower to F leet- Canal, taken along hy the Thames Side. By the Line of the Wall on the north Side, and cafe and weft Ends, and the Line of the Shore of the River of Thames, taken between the Tower—Wall in the Eai’c, to Fleet-Canal in the. Welt, is that Part of the Bounds of the City within the Walls. Now this Thames Line is in Length from Eafl: to Welt 5940 Feet, which is 360 Poles, or Perches, which is a Mile and 4.0 Poles. This, added to the Circuit of the Wall, which, as aforefaid, is two Miles wanting ten Poles, makes in the Whole three Miles and thir- ty Poles. » 4 Of the Quantity of Ground contained within the Walls of the City, hetwixt it and the River of Thames. The whole Circumference, as before noted, is. 16095 Feet, or three Miles and thirty Poles. Now, if this City did lie in an orbicular or circu- plat" Form, which of all Figures is the molt capa- But it is not of that Form, but more oval, being narrowei’t at the Ends, and at the broadefi: Place not of half the Length; fo that no fuch (Quanti- ty of Ground can be expeéted. For, by themofl. accurate Survey as hath been taken, the fuperficial. Cement of the Ground within, the Wall doth. amountunto not above 380 Acres. Such is the Difference between regular and irregular‘ Figures: of the fame Circumference ; as is well known tCt any Perfon but meanly converfant in the Menfu“ ration of Geometrical F igures.] I . . CHA P. III. ' ' Ofrthe old T oWn—Ditch without the IV all of the City. The modern Improve- . ment‘of Fleet—Ditch. Made convenient for Barges. Drains and Sewers. Late Eneroaehments upon the Walls and Ditch. A Survey tahen thereof ‘- h}! Order of the City. The Freedom without the Walls. ; the Line of Separation. _OR the rendering thefe Walls the f’gmhger, and the more. capable of Defence, round the Compafs of them, without, Earth-was taken away to a great Depth and Breadth, and a Ditch made to contain much Water. . Of which, Me- thod requires us in the next Place to treat] .' The Ditch, which partly now remaineth, and compaii'ed the Wall of the City, was begun to be made by the Londoners in the Year 12 1 1, and fi- niihed in 1213, the 15th of King 7ohn. This Ditch, being thenmade of 200 Feet broad, caufed no {mall Hindranc'e to the Canons of the Holy Trinity, whofe ChurCh flood near Ealdgate, for that the {aid Ditch .. paired through their Ground from the Tower unto Biflropfiatt’. . Ditch for form Time, till now, when they be- The Length of The firf’t Occafion of making asDitch about the City feems to have Been this : William, Bifhop of Ely, Chancellor of England, in the Reign of King Richard the Fir/t, made a great Ditch round about the Tower, for the better Defence of it againfl: ' 70hn the King’s Brother, the King being then out of the Realm. Then did the City alfo begin a ~Ditch to encompafs and ftrengthen their Walls ; (which happened between the Years 1190 and 1 193 ) So the Book Dunthorn. Yet the Regiiter of Bormondfey'writes, that the Ditch was begun Ottoher 15, 1213, which was in the Reign of King j’ohn that fucceeded to Richard. It feems, the Citizens defii’ced from the Work of the gan. cious, it would contain 525 Acres of Ground, Book II." Extent of the City. The full 9e- cafion of the Ditch. y. s. Chap. Now turned into Gardens \or Houfes, l Ditch of the 'City over— flowed the Bank into the Tower-ditch. Cleanfedi III . gan again, and carried‘itcn to ‘its~_Perfe&i_on.] This Ditch, being originally made for the De- fence of the City, was alfo a longTime together carefully cicanfed and maintained, as Need requir- ed ; but now ohlate neglected, and, forced either or, altogether {topped up for Gardens planted, and Houfes built’thereon, even~ to the very Wall; and, in' many Places, upon both Ditch and Wall Houfes are built 3 to what Danger of the City I leave to wifer Confideration; and can but with that Reformation might be had. ‘ ’ In the Yearof, Chrift 1354, 28 Edward III, the Ditch of this City flowing over the Bank into the Tower-nigh, the Kingcommanded the faid Ditch of the City to be- cleanfed, and fo ordered, that the Overflowing thereof {hould not force any Filth into the Tower-ditch. Anna I 379, .7013}: sz’lpot, Mayor of London, caufed this Ditch to be cleanfed, and every Houf- hold to pay 5d. which was for a Day’s Work, to- wards the Charges thereofu Rio/yard tbefieeona’, in the 10th of his Reign, granted a Toll to be taken of Wares fold by Water or by Land, for ten Years, towards repairing of the Wall and cleanfing the Ditch. Thomas Fawconer, Mayor, I4I4, caufed the Ditch to be cleanfed. Ralph yofeeline, Mayor, 1477, caufed the whole Ditch to be caitand cleanfed. And f0 from Time to Time it was cleanfed and otherwife reformed ; namely, in I 519, the 10th of Henry VIII, for gleaming and fcouring the common Ditch, between Ealdgate and the Pofiern next the Tower-ditch .- The chief Ditcher had by the Day 7 d. the fecond Ditcher, 6 d. the other Ditchers, 5 a’. and every Vagabond, for fo they were then termed, 1 a’. the Day, Meat and Drink, at the Charges of the City. Sum 95 l. 3 5. 4d. In my'Remembr-ance alfo thefame-was cleanfed, namely, the Moore-ditch, when Sir William Hol- lie: was Mayor, in the Year 1540 ‘, and, not long before from the Tower of London to Ealdgate. It was again cleanfed in the Year 1549, Henry _ demote: being Mayor, at the Charges of the Com- Plenty of good F ifh in Town—ditch. Ditches and common Sewers to be kept clean.‘ 3!. s. panics : And again 1569, the 11th of Qieen Eli- falzetb, for cleanfing the fame Ditch between Eald- ate and the Pofiern, and making a new Sewer and -Wharf of Timber, from the Head of the Pof- tern into the Townaz'teb, 314l. 15;. 8 el. Before which Time the faid Ditch lay Open, without ei- ther Wall or Pall, having therein great Store of very good Filh, of divers Sorts, as many Men, yet living, who have taken and tal’ted them, can well witnefs. But now no 'fuch Matter; the Charge of cleanfing is fpared, and great Profit made by letting out the Banks, with the Spoil of the whole Ditch. v I am not ignorant of two Fifteens granted by a Common Council, in the Year I 595, for the Re- formation of this Ditch, andthat a fmall Portion thereof, to wit, between Bij/Jopfgate and the Pof- tern called Mooregate, was cleanfed, and made fomewhat broader than it was before; but, filling again very fail, by Reafon of over—raifing the Ground near adjoining, therefore never the bet- ter: And [0 I will leave it, for I cannot help it. As for other Ditches and common Sewers of the City, Sir Leonard Hal/May, Mayor, fln. 1606, laboured much for a. River to be brought on the North of the City into it, for the cleanfing the Sewers and.Ditches, for the better keeping Lon- don wholfome, fweet,’ and clean. Sir 701m Watts, the next Mayor, feconded this good Endeavour of Halliday; and one Nicholas Leate, a worthy and grave Citizen, ous in the .Furtherance of this Work, and the like thereunto. ‘ ' I was very painful and indul’tri- , 0f the; antienra Toning-Ditch. ,_ And the City had in this Year 1606 well cl ' t. ed their Ditches and common Sewers; and Flcdii‘d- gates were made in Hollorn-ditcb and Fleetrditeb.] Nothing of this Townvdz'trb, remaineth at this . Da , b i: th ' -_ - -. to- a Vc‘ry'narrOW, and the falne afilthy Channel 3 , Y u at Part Of It called Fleet d/Ztcb, Which, of late Years, fince the Conflagration in 1666, b the Order of the Mayor and Court of Aldermen, was cleaned, enlarged, and made ‘deepienough for Barges to come up as far as Hollow-bridge by the Benefit of the Tides. The Sides were built ‘ of Free-hone, with Warehoufes on’ each Side, which run under the Street, defigned to be made , Ufe of for laying in of Coals and fuch-like Com: 2 modities, which Would have proved an Advantage ; to the City, by the Revenue arifing thereby, but that Projeft did not take. This Ditch was built and made by Sir Thomas Fitch, Bricklayer, who contraéted with the City for doing the fame, for a very confiderable Sum of Money, and enriched 1 himfelf thereby] Here on the Fleet-channel is appointed a Mar- ket for Meal for the Ufe of the City. To this Meal-Market belongs alfo certain Tolls, Duties, and Profits, which is the City’s Benefit. And the Committee for letting the City’s Lands fat in the Council-Chamber in Guildhall fome Part of 0:520- aer and Novemlaer, i705,‘ for letting to farm the faid Tolls and Duties, together with the Houfe fronting the faid Market.] At this Day there are no Ditches or Bogs in . the City except the faid Fleet-dildo; but inl’tead thereof large common Drains and Sewers, made to carry away the Water from the Poi’te'rn-gate, between the two Tower-bills, to Fleet-bridge, with- out Ludgate. 'And, the Ditch being thus filled up, many of the City Tenants, whofe Ground buts upon the Wall on either Side, have made hold to trefpafs upon the fame Wall and Ditch by building there, or inclofing for Yards; notwith- fltanding fixteen Feet on either Side the Wallis, or fliould be, referved for the City, for their Workmen, or others, to enter, view, and repair the {aid Wall. But thefe Encroachments are fo many, that it is no eafy Matter to find any Part of that Wall round the City that is not thus en- croached upon. This being of late taken into Cenfideration by the Committee appointed for the letting of the City and Bridge-houfe Lands, and to inpr& the fame, did order a Survey of all the City-Walls on both Sides, and of all En- croachments of what Kind foever, and by whom made. Which Survey was accordingly taken by Mr. Leyoourn, and fairly engrofl'ed in a Vellum Book, and delivered in to the Magiitrates in the Guildhall, where it remaineth : In which Book are the Names both of the City Tenants occupying the fame, and the Number of Feet by them en- c'roached upon the faid Wall, or Ditch, or with- in fixteen Feet on either Side, fave that whofoever takes a Leafe of any of the City—Lands that abut upon the Walls on either Side, {hall pay a Rent anfwerable to the Improvement that the faid En- croachment {hall be thought worth. Notwith- {tanding thefe Encroachments, made by private 13 Fleet-dire};- tnade convet nient for Bar“ ges. ’ R5 Bi Sir Thoma; Fitch the U11. dertaker; Meal-Market by F leer- Ditd). y. s. Sewers or , Drains made to‘ carry the" Filth. R. B.- Encroacho merits . Mr. Leylour‘n' Surveyor.- ' A SurVey of theEncroach- merits upon the Wall, made and de- livered into the Gaildlall. Perfons for their particular Conveniencies, there ' are many Places on both Sides which are of pub- lic Ufe and Concern 3 As, I. At a Place between the Tower Liberty and flldgate, antiently called Vine-Yard, are lately built a Row of Houfes, with Stables and Haylofts adjoining 'to them, for the Reception of the Car- men belonging to the City. _ 2. There is a Church-Yard belonging to the Church of St. Botolpb withouth'jbopjgale. ~ 3. The Parifh Church, Church-Yard, and'Par- "fonage-Houfe of” St. 'Allaallow: on the Wall. 4. There is lately erected a melt fiately and magnificent Struéthre, 540 Feet in Length, for ' an Public Build- ings beingEna croachments on the City~ Ground. Vineyard. :4 R. B. The feparate Line, which divides the Freedom from the County of Mddleflx. Gates of the City, four, Eat}, Weft, North, and South. Gates and 'Poflerhs. an Hofpita’l for - Lunatics, called. New Bethlehem, int’tead of the old Houfe for that Ute, fituated in . a Street called Bethlem; of which more anon. 5.‘ The City’s Store-Yard, for the laying up of Timber, Ston'e',‘ Gibbets, Pillories, Sledges, and fuch-like Things, for the Execution of Malefac— tors; and to receive tuch Carts, Coaches, Hor- tes, {9%. as have committed any Otfence, or A- bufe, within the City or Liberties. \ 6. The Lorimers Company have built a Hall upon the faid Wall. 7. The Church-Yard belonging to the Parith of St. Alphage. ’ 8. The Church-Yard belonging to the Parith of St. Giles Cripplegate. ', 9. The Church-Yard belonging to the Parith of St. Olave Silver-flreet. 10. The Church-Yard belonging to the Parith of St. Botolph flla'erfgate. 11. The Church-Yard belonging to Chrifl’s- Hofpital, and the Yard where the Children recre- ate themfelves by Play, which to this Day is call- ‘ ed the T own-ditch. f 1 2.. The Prefs-Yard belonging to Newgate Pri- on. I 3. The Garden and Library which belong to the College of Phyticians. ' I4. 7aflz'ee-Hall, commonly called the Sefions— Houfe, with the Garden behind it. And this is the prefent State of the Wall and ancient T own-ditch. Having .thus compaH‘ed and viewed well the Walls, we thould proceed to give tome Account of the Gates that are made through them; which we {hall do in due Place. But, firtt, as we have feen the Ditch without the Wall, to it may be proper to make our Obfervations of the Territories bordering thereupon ; I mean that called the F ree- dom ; and upon what Parts of the Suburbs in the County of Middlefix it abuts ; and what Qiantity of Ground is contained between the Wall and that Line about the Freedom which feparates the City “ from the County] ' Of the Cour/2 of the Line of Separation. The City being thus encompatTed with a wall on the eatt, north, and weft Parts, and the Ri— ver of Thames on the tenth Side, there is another Skirt of Ground without the Wall, and within the Liberty or Freedom of the faid City: And this Skirt of Ground is encompafl'ed with an irregular Line, which feparates the Freedom from the Coun- ty of Middlefiex. This Line begins at Temple-Bar, where it abuts wet’tward upon the Liberty of the Dutchy of Lan- ~eajter, which is without the faid T emple-Bar, or ' Gate. From Temple-Bar it extends itfelf, by many Turnings and Windings, through Part of Shear-Lane, Bell-Yard, Chancery-Lane, by the Rolls- Liherty, Ste. unto Holhorn, almot’c againt’t Gray’s- Inn-Lane, where there is a Bar, that is, two Potts, with Rails, and a Chain to wit over the Pafi‘age, as Occaiion terveth, upon any Emergency, as keeping out an Enemy, or the like. From Holhorn-Bars it patteth, with many Turn- Lane, Hanan-Garden, ElyHouje, Field-Lane, and Chick-Lane, to the common Sewer, where it returns wettward to Cow-Crofi, and to to Smithfield-Bars. From Smithfield-Bars it alto runs by teveral . Windings, between Long-Lane, and Charterhoafe- Lane, to Gofwell-Street, and to up that Street northwards to'the Bars. From the Bars in Gofwell-Street, where the Ma- nor of Fin/hwy begins, it extendeth itfelf by 'Wind- ings crofs Golden- Lane, at the Potts and Chain there tet up, to the Potts and Chain in Whiteerofia Street ; and from thence to the Potts, and Chain in Gruh-Street -, and from thence on thro’ Ropemalters— Alley to the Potts and Chain in the Highway from Moorgate; and from thence by the North Side of the four Qiarters of Moor-Fields, all abutting upon Fin/hury Manor, where it returns northward up to Norton-Falgate, and there meets with the Bars in Bi/hopfgate-Street; and from thence eafiward into Spittle- Fields, all abutting upon Norton-Falgate. From Norton-Falgate it returns fouthw-ard by Spittle-Fz'ela's, and then fouth-eat’t by Wentworth- Street to the Bars in Whiteehapel. From Whiteehapel—Bars it‘winds more foutherly‘ by the Little Minories and Goodman’st'elds; from whence it returns wettward to the Potts and Chain in the Minories; and thence more wetterly until it- comes to London-Wall, where it abuts upon the Tower Liberty, and there it ends. But all thefe Turnings and Windings of the Separation of the Freedom from the County ‘are better exprefi'ed in'- the feveral Maps, by the Girt-Line thereof, to which I refer the Reader. Of the Length of the Line of Separation, and of the .Quantity 'of Ground encompafli’a' h} it, and the City-Wall. ' ' Although this Line in its feve'ral Turnings is of The Length great Length, yet the Ground inclofed between it Ofthe Line. and the Wall is but narrow, to that the Content in Acres will not be anfwerable to the Circumam- bulation of it. ' 5 The Length of the Line is 21370 Feet, which is about four Miles, and yet the Ground compre- hended betwixt the Line of the City-Wall and this Line of Separation is but 300 Acres. Now, that what hath been faid concerning the City-Wall and Line of the Thames, begirting the City, and of the SkirtoLine, bounding the‘Fr‘e‘e4 dom, or Liberty, and ’feparating it from Middle- fi'x, may be the better underflood, I have drawn 'a fmall Map, reprefenting to the Eye all that is - delivered in this former Difcourfe; which will give greater Satisfaétion to the Reader, as a clear» er Demont‘tration than Words can exprefs. For the Circumference and Qiantity of Ground contained in that Part of the City which lieth on the fouth Side of the Thames, as Bridge-Ward in the Borough ofSouthwarh, and to much of the County as is in the Juritdiéiion of the Lord; Mayor of London, are here omitted, referving it 'until we come to treat thereof by ittelf. C H A PL IV. The Gates made through the Walls of {the City. ' I . The Pottern—Gate h} the . 'Tower. 2. Aldgate. 3 . Bithopfgate. 4. Moregate. 5. Cirpplegate. 6. Aldertgate. 7. The Pattern-Gate out of Chrit’t’s-Hofpital. 8. Newgate. 9. Ludgate. The Water-Gates. Qieenhith, Downgate, Wolfs—Gate, ' ' Ebgate, Oyfier—Gate, Bridge-Gate, Belingtgate. W har/Is and Keys. ATES in the Wall of this City of old Welt, and the Bridge-Gate over. the River of Time were four, to wit, Abigale for the, Thames for the South: But of later Times, for E395, filler/gate for the North, Ludgate for the“ the Eafe of Citizens and PaiTengers, divers other 3 Gates Book I. :ings, by Brook-Street, Furnival’s—fnn, Leather: SEQ/10195 gage _ €141];ng I 111; I II: 'IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII IIIIIIIIIIIIII I IIII| III IIII II III IIIII Ii'"‘"II "II IIIIIIII IIII IIII III I. .IIIIIII IIIIIIIIII II IIIIIIIIIIIII‘ IIIIIIIII_ IIII I IIIIIIIIIIIIIII IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII IIIIIIIII IIIIIIIIIII'IIIIIII I ;I|IIII‘;I III;- l‘ IIIIIIII IIII I M‘I'II III”- TIIUI IIIIIIII III III“ "I I ;, I IIII lIIIIIII"I III IIIIIIII .Ifwgoyhz Wig/Lg, to ,L/ictg’ IMmWJ755 for Jtowlj “fa/W. M . . * __7.__.,-,-_.. “-7. _. jf , ,9? Chap. IV." Gates and Policrns have been made, as {hall be l fhewed. Seven double Gates in the Walls of the City. 80 in the full: Edition, omitted in. the latter. Other Gates builded be- fides. In the Reign of Henry the Second, faith Fitz- Stephen, there were feven double Gates in the Wall of this City; but he nameth them not. It may therefore be fuppofed, he meant for the Firfl: the Gate next the Tower of London ‘, [which then ferved as a Pof’tern, and now focommonly called, for Paffengers out of the Eal’c. From thence through T ower-jlreet, Eaflcheap, and Candlewick- flreet, to London-jione, the middle Point of that Highway. Then through Badge-row, Walling- fireet; and leaving St. Paul’s Church on the right Hand to Lndgate, in the Weft -,] the next to be flldgale, Bi/hopfgate, Cripplegate, Alderflgaz‘e, Lad- gate 5 and [the Seventh] the Bridgegate over the Thames. - Since the which Time hath been builded New- gate, the Poitern called Moorgate, a Pollern from Chrijl’s Hofpital towards St. Bartholomew’s Hof- pital in Smithfield, {996. Now of every of thefe Gates, and Poiterns in the Wall, and alfo of cer- tain Water-Gates on the River of Thames, feve- rally fomewhat may, and {ball be noted, as] , find Authority, or reafonable Conjec‘ture to war- , rant me. Poflern by the Tower. So in the firfl Edition, omitted in the latter. The Ruin of this Gate. 'Wall embat- telled about the Tower of London. Ditch made about the Tower. The Poflern falls down: Occafioned - by walling and’ditching about the , Tower. 7. 3. Never re-i builded. Cir/lo: of this Pofiern. The firjl Gate Eajlward. The Firft was the Poftern-gate next unto the- Tower of London, [,which, at the Length fell down in the Year 14.4.0, the 18th of Henry VI, and was never re-cdified again of Stone, but an homely Cottage, with a narrow Paliage, made of Timber, Lath, and Loam, hath been in Place thereof fet up, and fo remaineth.] It ll’lCWCtll by that Part, which yet remaineth, to have been a fair—and firong arched Gate, partly builded of hard Stone of Kent, and partly of Stone brought from Caen in Normandy, fince the Conqueit, and Foundation of the High Tower, and ferved for Paffengers on Foot out of the Bali, from thence through the City to Ludgate in the Wef’c. The Ruin and Overthrow of this Gate began,- in the Year 1 190, the Second of Richard I, when Willim Longfhampe [or Long-ehamp,] Bilhop of Ely, and Chancellor of England, caufed a Part of the City Wall, .to wit, from the faid Gate toward the River of Thames to the White-Tower, to be broken down, for the enlarging Of the faid Tower -, which he then compalfed far wide about with a Wall‘embattled; and is now the outer Wall 1of the Tower. He alfo caufed a broad and deep Ditch to be made without the fame Wall, intending to have derived the River of Thames, with her Tides, to have flowed about it, which would not be. But the fouth Sideof this Gate being then, by undermining at the Foundation loofed and greatly weakened; at length, to wit, after 200 Years and odd, the fame fell down in the Year [4.4.0, as was mentioned before. This was reckoned among the Faults or Follies of that Bifhop and Lord Chancellor, and pro- cured him the Hatred of the Citizens. Of which Matter thus did our Hiftorian of the Bifhops write, which he gathered from Records : “ A; “ mong other his Follies, it is remembered, that he built the outer Wall about the Tower of London, and fpent an infinite deal of Money in making a deep Ditch about the fame, think- ing he could have caufed the River of T hame: to go round about it. Thofe, and many other his Misbehaviours, incited the People and No- bility wonderfully againft him. Infomuch as he feared greatly lefl', fome Sedition being " raifed, Force would be offered unto him.”] This Poitern-Gate was never fince by the Citi— zens re-edified, fuch was their Negligence then, and hath bred fome Trouble to their Succefi'ors, fince they fulfered a weak and wooden Building Gates; Aldgate: to be there made, inhabited by Perfons of lewti prefented, but not reformed. Whereas inf ‘ Times the faid Pofiern was accounted of asodtrlizi Gates of the City, and was appointed to Men of good Credit. Among othersI have read, that in the 49th of Edward III. 70hn Cohhe was admitted thereof for the Term of his Life, by William Wal- worth, then Mayor of London. [dnno [374, beinO' the firfl; Time of his Mayoralty, for he was Lord Mayor again Anna 1380.] More, that ‘j‘ohn Credy, Efq; 1n the ZIP: of Richard II, was admitted Ca- flo: of the faid Pof’tern and Appurtenances, by Richard Whitiington, Mayor, the Aldermen, and Commonalty, 69°C. taken down, and in the Room thereof a few Pof’ts’ are fet to keep off Carts and Coaches -, there be- ipg only anarrow Paifage left for FOOt-pafl'e'ngers t tere. ' Bowl and Chain fafiened to catch the Water that runs from a fmall Spout. Not only the faid Gate, but the Wall thereabouts, is quite taken away for fome Space, and fome Houfcs built in the Place. The Stones and Rubbifh lie there which make‘a very great Heap. The Wall here was about fix or feven Feet in Breadth, and cemented together with irregular Pieces of Stone like a Rock. There is a Yard hard by called George-Alley, built on each Side with Dwelling-Houfes, and is a PalTage to T ower-Hill through the Wall, that was beat down fince the Fire-of London, remain- ing in the Fafhion of an Arch, through which Carts might pafs : But now alfo the Arch is de- molilhed, and all the Wall quite taken away. Here one may take a View of the lnfide, and of the Breadth of London-Wall: It appears like a natural Rock with the Stones fo cemented into the Work, that nothing but the greatefl: Violence can fepara‘te them. On the well: Side, about four- teen or fifteen Feet high, are feen 'feVeral old Ro- man Bricks put into the Work, between the Stones] ALDGATE. The next Gate in the Bali is called fleldgate, of the Antiquity or Age thereof. This is one and the firfl; Of the four principal Gates, and alfo one of the feven double Gates, mentioned by Fitz~ flephen. It shath had two Pair of Gates, though now but one ; the Hooks of them both remain. Alfo there have be two Portcloies. The one of them rcmainec tilt the new Building of the Gate. The other wanteth, and the Place of letting down was manifefis. For Antiquity of the Gate, it appeareth by'a Charter of King Edgar to the Knights Of Knighton Guild, that, in his Days, the faid Port was called Ealdgate, as you may read in the Ward of Portfohen. AlfoMa- tilda the ween, Wife to Henry I. [in theceighth Year of his Reign]. having founded the Priory of the Holy Trinity, within Aeldgate, gave unto the fame Church, to Norman the firl’c Prior, and the Canons that devoutly ferved God‘th‘erein, the Port of Aeldgate, and’ the Soke or Franchife there— unto belonging, with all Cuftoms, as free as {he held the fame, £56. In the which Charter {he nameth the Irloufe‘Chri/i-Chnrch, and reporteth fleldgate to be of her Demain. More, I read in the Year 1215, that, Civil Wars between King 701m and his Barons, the Londoners affilling the Barons Fafhon, -who then belieged Northampton, and after came to Bedford Cattle, where they were well received by and Captain of the fame: PVillz’am Beaztehampe, b. Having 15 Lives ; oftentimes by lnqueit of Portfohen Ward ' Cztflo: of the faid Poltern, and— all the Habitat-ion ' gs. t“~ Near the» End of London-Wall, South, over- The Pbfiem. againit the Tower, this Poi’tern-Gate is now all Gate now taken down. 7. 5. Here, juf’tlSouth, going down divers {tone The Pofiern Steps, lS theeXcellent Poltern Spring, with an irOn Spring. An Arch made in the Wall here- abouts for palling. Aidgatc'i The Gate; Lid. Trinity Soke or Caurt. in the Max. ems, Gate: and Poflernr. Having then alfo fecret Intelligence, that they might enter the City of London, if they would, they removed their Camp to li/are, from whence in the Night coming .toLondon they entered field- gate, and, placing Guardians or Keepers of the Gates, they difpofed of all Things in the City at their Pleafure. ~ ‘ They fpoiled the Friars Houfes, and fearehed ~ their Coffers -, which being done, Robert Fitzwa- trr, 7efrey Magnavz'le, Earl of Eflex,‘ and the Earl of Glooe/Zen, chief Leaders of the Army, applied all Diligence to repair the Gates and Walls of this City, with the Stones taken from the yew: broken Houfes; namely, A’eldgate, being then mol’t ruinous, which had given them an eafy Entry, they repaired, or rather newly builded, after the Manner of the Normans, firongly arched, with Bulwarks of Stone brought from Cam. in Normandy, and fmall Brick, called Flanders Tile, was brought from thence, fuch as hath been here ufed fince the Conquelt, and not before. In the Year 1471, the 11th of Edward IV, Thomas, the Ballard Faweonbridge, having aITem- bled a riotous Company of Shipmen and others in ,EflE’x and Kent, came to London with a great Navy of Ships near to the Tower ; whereupon the Mayor and Aldermen, by Confent‘ofa Common- Council, fortified all alongthe Tbames Side, from Baynard’sCa/ile to the Tower, with armed Men, Guns, and other Inf’truments of War, to tefil’t the Invafion of the Mariners. Whereby the Tbames Side was fafely preferved and kept by the Alder- men andpother Citizens, that afl‘embled thither in great Numbers. Whereupon the Rebels, being denied Paffage through the City that Way, fet Upon fleldgate, Bl/laopgate, Creplegate, Alder/gate, London-Bridge, and along the River of Tbame: ; Ihooting Arrows and Guns into the City, fired the Suburbs, and burned more than threefcore .Houfes. And further, on Sunday the Eleventh of May, five Thoufand of them, affaulting Aeldgate, Won the Bulwarks and entered the City ; but, the Portclofe being let down, fuch as had entered were flain; and Robert Bafit, Alderman of Aeldgate Ward, with the Recorder, commanded in the Name of God to draw up the Portclofe ; which being done, they ifi'ued out, and, with {harp Shot and fierce Fight, put their Enemies back fo far as St. Botolpb’s Church. By which Time the Earl Rivers, and the Lieutenant of the Tower, was come with a frefh Company, which, joining to- gether difcomfited the Rebels, and put‘ them to Flight; whom the aforefaid Robert Baflét, with other Citizens, chaced unto the .Mz'les-end, and, from thence, fome to Poplar, fome to Stralford ; flew many, and took many of them Prifoners. In the mean while, the Baf’tard, having aITayed other Places upon the Water-fide, and little pre- vailing, fled towards his Ships. ' Book I. [cf/lollt’m Civitat. London, 2'. e. to the Hurt of the City, and the Difinheriting of the King :, for fo they called it, when the King’s High-way was encroached upon.] Thus much for Aldgate as it was and continued Alt/gale taken in thofe elder Days g, but the new Building there- down- of remaineth, till I come to fpeak of the Ward R. B. wherein the fame Gate is fituated. This Gate, being very old and ruinous, began to be taken down, Anno 1606, and in the taking down of which, and fearching the Foundation for the erecting a new one, divers ancient Pieces of Ancient Re- Roman Coin were found among the Rubbilh, two ””1" Coins of which Mr. Martin Bond, a worthy Citizen, foundihere’ and one of the Surveyors of this Work, caufed to be carVed in Stone, according to their true Form and Figure, and fixed on either Side of the Gates Arch without Eaftward. The rel’t of thefe Roman Coins were fent for by the Lord Mayor and Court of Aldermen to the Guildball where they ‘ftill remain. - Upon the Ioth of April, 1607, the aforefaid Began to be Mr. Bond laid the firi’t Foundation Stone of this new hm!" Gate Northwards; the Bottom of the Founda-. tion of this Gate being fixteen Feet deep, and eight Feet broad. The Foundation thus laid, the Gate was fubfiantially and famoufly finifhed Anno 1609, in the Mayoralty of Sir Humpbrey Weld, Kt. _ Ornaments about Ibis Gate. .Upon the Top of the Gate Eaf’tward fiands a Ornaments fair Golden Sphere with a goodly Vane over it. ,0“ the Gate' On the upper Battlements, as vigilant Centi- nels, and as it were kept waking by Fame’s gold- en Trumpet, are, placed the Figures of two an- cient Soldiers, each holding a Prone Ball in his Hand, as denying the Entrance of any bold Enee mies, fuch as are not Friends to the City. Beneath, in a large Square, f’tands the imagi- Figure ofK.’ nary Figure of King fi‘ame: I. in gilt Armour. fim‘I‘ At whofe Feet on either Side lieth a Golden Lion, and a chained Unicorn, both couchant; the F irfi; the Supporter for England, and the Second that for Scotland. Their Couching is an Emblem of, the Union of the two Kingdoms. As alfo it de- notes their Awe and Humility in the Prefence of f0 great a Perfon. Then on the weft Side of the Gate f’tands, high- TheFigux-e of CF: of all, the Figure of Fortune curioufly carved me’“ ' and gilt with Gold, fianding upon a Maund or Globe, with a profperous Sail fpreading over her Head, and looking gracefully upon the City. Beneath this Figure in alarge Square are placed the King’s Arms richly carved, with the Motto DIEU ET MON D'ROIT. And a little below VIVAT REX.- Turret on the And concerning flldgate, that near it anciently 22‘1““ on the Wall was a Turret; whereOn was placed ' Somewhat lower, and to grace each Side of the And ofPeaee ' 54% an Her mltages WhICha 1“ the Rfign 0f Edward 1, Gate, are placed two female Perfons, the one the and Gleam}- 7. S. was 13“:anth t0 the King’s Judges at an IhCIUi- Emblem of Peace with a Dove upon one of her fition in the-Tower -' Hermitagiumfltnm W 171 Tm“ Hands, and a gilded Wreath or Garland in the Raga Q10 ””0 ”W7. szitat. Lond. PM?" Algate 3 £9, “1’ M other. And on the other, or north Side, fiandeth Warr. Land. taraped. extra anretummarz’ predifi. in via regia, the Figure of Cbgrz'ty, with a Child at her Breaf’t, if" Le Nev' being bUlll'. fOLll‘ Feet without the Turret in the and another in her Hand ; implying, as may be A or. King’s WZ‘Y- conceited, that where Peace, and Love, and 064- The Lane From this Gate towards BUMP/£4” was a ‘Paf- rity do profper, and are truly embraced, that City from this “fage or Lane, between the Wall and the Priory {hall be for ever bleffed. " $23; Egg 0f the HQIY Trinity, about thirteen Feet broad, Over the Arch of the Gate is this lnfcription 15”,. which the Prior and Convent flopped up with a _ fairly engraven : Wall'of Earth, in the ,troublefome Times of Henry III, who was angry with the City, and took away their Privileges. In the Beginning of the Reign of his Son King Edward, it was pre- fented to the Judges Itinerants by the Citizens. And it was informed that f0 it had been {topped up for feven Years, ad exberedatz'onem Reg. £9” Sonatas popular/one Londinenfir. Feeit, 1609. And underneath, ‘ HUMFREY WE LD, Mayor. Thus Chap. IV. This Gate is for the Lord Mayor’s Car- ver. Thus much for, the Defcription of the Outfide of the Gate. ‘ On the north Side of the Arch is a Pofiern for foot Pafl‘engers: And the Rooms over this Gate are the Dwelling-houfe of one of the Lord ' Mayor’s Carvers; who is alfo one of~the Serjeants of the Chamber for the Time being. BISHOPSGATE. The third and next Gate toward the North is \ called Bi/bopfigate : for that, as it may be {up- . pofed, the fame was firlt builded by fome Biihop of London ; though now the Certainty thereof is unknown, when, and by whom. And in Un- certainties one may have leave to conjeaure. Perhaps Erkenwald, Sonof King Ofia, and Bilhop of London, was the firi’t Builder of it, who built much upon charitable Accounts. Our Hif- tories mention two religious H‘oufes by him founded, one at Cloertfey in Surry, and another at Ber/ting in Efléx, where he deceafed about 685. And, by reafon of his Munificence and good De- ferts to the Londoners, he was very dear to them 3 and, being canonizedf his Shrine at Paul’s was much honoured. And there being the Effigies of ~ two Bilhops upon this Gate, as Er/eenwala’ might be the Founder of it, fo I would give the next Honour, that is, for the Reparation of it, to Bilhop PVz'llz'am the Norman, that was Biihop of London in William the Conqueror’s Time. Which Bilhop was a great Benefactor to the City, partly by procuring from that King all their Privileges as . amply as they were enjoyed before-time, and partly by other good Deeds. Infomuch that the Citizens of later Times, in Gratitude to his Me- mory, caufed a Latin Epitaph, together with a Copy of Verfes, to be fet upon the Place in St. Paul’s, where he was buried. After all, the Founder is uncertain] But true it is, that this Gate was firl’t built for the Eafe of PaiI'engers toward the Bali, and by North; as into Norfolk, Safal/e, Cambridge- jlyz‘re, &c. The Travellers into which Parts, before the Building of this Gate, were forced, _ pafling out at Aldgate, to go Eaf’t till they came unto the [Wiles-End, and then turned on the left Hand to Bletloenall-Green, [now called Bet/anal- ‘ Green,] to Camaridge-Heatla, and f0 North, or Eal’t, Afurther and by North, as their Journies lay. If they Way winding took not this Way by the Eafl: out at Aldgate, about they mull: then take their Way by the North out at Alder/gate through Alderfigate-jlreet, and Gof- wel—flreet, towards Jflz'ngton‘: and by a Crofs of Stone on their right Hand, fet up for a Mark by the north End of Golden-latte, to turn eafiward through a long Street, unto this Day called Alder-firm, [or Old/ireet] to another Crofs {land- ing, where now a Smith’s Forge is placed by Sewers-ditcb-Clourola, [or Slooreditcb-Clourclo] and then to turn again North towards Tottenltam, Ett- field, Walt/yam, Ware, €56. Bzfiopfgate. Took its Name per— haps from Bilhop Er— hnwala’, or Biihop W'z'l- liam; both Biihops of London. y. s. Notes‘con- The eldef’t Note that I read of this Bz'flzopjgate, cerning this is, that William Bland, one of the Sheriffs of Ga?“ London, in the Year 1210, fold to Serle Mercer, and Mlliam fllmaz'tte, Procurators, or Wardens of London-Bridge, all his Land, with the Garden, Lid. Trio. in the Parilh of St. Botolplt without Bl/bopfgate, InBi/boffgate' between the Land of Ric/yard Caflarin, towards 6:33;,“ the North, and the Land of Robert Crzfpz'e to- called Bear- wards the South, and the High-way called Bear- :wards-Larze. wardr-Mm, on the Bali, £976. Charter. Next, Iread in a Charter, dated in the Year 12 3 5, that Walter Bram, Citizen of London, and Ro/z'a his Wife, having founded the Priory, or new Hofpital of our blefi'ed ‘Lady, fince called St. Mary St. Mary Spittal, without Bi/hopjgate, confirmed 31"““1- the fame to the Honour of God, and our blefi‘ed. Lady, for Canons regular, the 19th of Henry III. . , 4 - Gate: dad Poflertti‘i ! 7 Alfo, in theYear 12 ' Simon P“ -H " " " ' .of the Sheriffs of LondZIl, in the zatgtlygiylizgj 252321431153”; 111, founded the Hofpital of St. Mary called c'ord: Bethlehem without Bz'jlaopfgate, -Thus much for thlAgtiquity of this Gate. ‘ n now for re airin the fame: Ifind' ~ . Henry III. confirmgd togthe Merchants of tilizgreiiiiifii, Haan/e, that had a Houfe in the City called the by Mamba?“ Gaildlaalla Theatottiroram, 'certain Liberties and “the Hamf“ Privileges : Edward I. alfo ’confirmed the fame; in the tenth Year of whofe Reign it was found, that the faid Merchants ought of tight to repair the faid Gate called Bl/bopjgate. :[About the Beginning of which King’s Reign, Prefenfed for they Were prefented by fome of the Wards to the Negleet. ‘ Judges Itinerants fitting at the Tower for their 7. S. Neglec't thereof in thefe Words, and Teutoaiei Raga .2510 non faflentent Bi/bopfgate, quam lime fuflentare do; Warrant- dermt; pro qua llderz' [art in Civit’ate, ad dampnam ”’“1' Civitat. i. e. That the Dutch do not fui’rain Bi/laopfifate fo well as they ought to do -, for which they are free in the City, to the City’s Damage] Whereupon Gerard Marbod, Alderman of the 3,-aopfgam¢_ Hazmfle, and other then remaining in the City of paired by the. London, for themfelves and all others, Merchants MélChantwf of the faid Haaafe, granted 210 Marks Sterling the hwy" _ to the Mayor and Citizens ; and covenanted, that they and their Su‘ccefi'ors Ihould, from Time tot Time, repair the fame Gate. This Gate was again beautifully builded in the Year 1479, in the Reign of Edward IV, by the faid Haanfe Merchant‘s. Moreover, in the Year ‘155 I, thefe Hatmfi: Emma/gate Merchants, having prepared Stone for that Pur- P'TOVidedfb pofe, caufed a new Gate to be framed, there to halebzifgeb have been fet up: But then their Liberties, through new 1 Suit of our Engll/lo Merchants, Were feiZed into the King’s Hand, and fo that Work was flayed, and the old Gate yet remaineth. Over the Gate-way on the fouth and north Sides The (tone. - of this Gate are Figures in Stone, mentioned be— Figures on fore, of fome Antiquity, and if, Imii‘take not, if???“ i of the greatei’t Antiquity of any now remaining Swims}, w in London; being probably as old as the Gate it- ‘7‘ 5, felf, that is, 240‘Years and more. The {tone Fi~ gure of a Bilhop on the fonth Side, which {tand- eth high, hath a long Beard, Eyes funk, and an old mortified Face ; the Mitre on his Head, but both his Hands beat, or worn off by Time. On the north Side of the Gate over the Cart Paliag‘e, is another Figure in Stone of a larger Si2e, {land- ing fomewhat lower than the other; hath his Mi- tre on, cloathed in his Pontificalibm; his left Hand with the CroZier broken OH“, the right Hand blefiing with the two ' Fore-fingers: His Face fmooth. Both thefe I take to be Bifhops of London, as I hinted before, and this laf’t named to be the courtly Bifhop PI/illz'am the Norman, and. the Conqueror’s Favourite , the other to be Er- leenwald, that lived near 400 Years before Bifhop William, and was, for his Mortification and good Works, fainted. Whofe Shrine is extraordinary rich, and fet out with precious Stones, was pre- ferved in former Times at St. Paul’s. Befide the Bifhop on that Part of the Gate looking northward, on each Side of him, bUt advanced fomewhat higher, {land two ancient {tone Images ; on his left Hand a Saxon King; Very probably King Alfred, who, after the Deflruétion of the City by Fire, and other Calamities of the People brought upon them by the Danes, .refiored and honourably repaired it. The other IS the Repre- fentation of fome great Nobleman, and feems to be Aeldred, Earl of Mercia, SOn-in-law to the faid King Alfred, to whom he committed the Cutiody thereof. The Rooms over this Gate are allotted far one of the Lord Mayor’s Carvers ; who is alfo .one of the Serjeants of the Chamber for the T me being] MC 0 RE. Bflop/gate new builded: 18 'Pofiern called Moaregate. i’l‘he Field a nicer marfh Ground. But now is turned into leafant 'elds‘. A new “one Gate made. ~ R. B. A Poflern made into Moorgfie/dr. Another Po- fiern made. Poliern of Cripplegate. fldbar Floridi- ren 1:. Eur-- (bard. Gates and Poflerns‘. MOOREGATE Touching the next Poltern, called Mooregate, I find, that Tbomar Falconer, Mayor about: the Year 1415, the Third of Henry V, caufed the Wall of the City to be broken near unto Coleman- flreet; and there'builded a Pofiern now called Mooregate, upon the Moore/ide, where was never Gate before. This Gate he made for Eafe of the Citizens, that Way to pafs upbn Cawfeys into the Field for their Recreation; for the fame Field was, at that Time, a Marlh. This Poltern was re-edified by lVil/z'om Hampton, Filhmonger, Mayor in the Year 1472. In the Year alfo 15t1, the Third of Henry VIII, Roger fleloely, Mayor, caufed Dikes and Bridges to be made, and the Ground to be levelled,and made more commodious for Pafl'age. Since which Time the fame hath been heightened fo much, that the Bikes and Bridges arecovered -, and it feemeth to me that, if it be made. level with the Battlements of the City Wall, yet will it belittle the drier, fuch is the moorilh Nature of that Ground. Thus it was in Mr. Stow’s Time ; but we fee what an Alteration Time, Pains, and Expence have made for the better. For thefe Fields, before an unhealthy Place, in Sir Leonard Hallz'day’s Mayoralty, were turned into pleafant Walks, fet with Trees for Shade and Ornament; compalfed with brick Walls, made convenient with Vaults under Ground for Conveyance of the Water, which flood the City in 50001. or thereabouts.] This Gate, being very old, was, in the Year 1672, begun to be pulled down, and a new one of Stone was ereéted, having a lofty Arch, for that then the City intended to have had a Hay- Market in Little-Moorefieldr, which Defign did not take Ell-”e612. However, the Gate is built with Pollerns on .each Side of the Arch for foot Paf- fengers, this being a great Thoroughfare: The Houfe was the Relidence of a City Oflicer, but of late it was made ufe of by a Coffee—man. Between Bi/laopfigate and Mooregate, about the Year 1636, the City Wall, overagaini‘t III/inobef- ter-flreet, was broken down, and a Pof’tern, or Pallage, there made for foot People, and a Gate to It. Alfo, in the Year 1655, another Place in the Wall was broken down overagainfl: the north End of Aldermanéury; and another Pofiern made with double Gates for a PaiTage into Fore- jlreet. ‘ And, foon after, another near the north End of Baflz’nfloaw—flreet, leading into the aforefaid Fore- ftreet, formerly called the Poi’tern leading into Moorey‘leldr.] CR‘IPPLEGATE. The next is the Poltern of Cripplegate, f0 called long before the Conquel’t. ForI read in the Hif- tory of Edmund, King of the Ea/l Angler, written by A’bbar Floriacen/ir, and by Bureloard, fometime Secretary to Ofia, King of Mercia ; but, fince then, by 70bit Lidgate, Monk of Bury, that in the Year 1010, the Danes fpoiling the Kingdom of the Ea/l Angles, fllwyne, Bifhop of Helmeloam, caufed the Body of King Edmund the Martyr to be brought from Bedrl/wortb, now called Bury St. Edmundr, through the Kingdom of Eafl Sax- ons, and f0 to London, in at Cripplegate. A Place, faith mine Author, fo called of Cripples begging there. At which Gate, it was faid, the Body en— tering in, Miracles were wrought, and fome of ‘ the Lame to go Upright, praifing God. The Bo- dy of King Edmund rel’ted for the Space of three Years in the Parifli Church of St. Gregory, near unto the Cathedral Church of St. Paul. More- over, the Charter of William the Conqueror, confirming the Foundation of the College in Words: “ I do give and grant to the fame “ Church, and Canons ferving God therein, all ‘S the Lands, and the Moore without the Po- “ item,” which is called Cripplegate, on either Part of the Pofiern. Befides this, fllfune builded the Parifh Church of St. Giles, nigh a Gate of the City, called Porta contraflorum, or Cripplefgate, about the Year 1090. This Poltern was fometime a Prifon, where- unto fuch Citizens and others, as were arrei’ted for Debt, or common Trefpafi'es, were commit- ted, as they be now to the Compters. Which Thing appeareth by a Writ of Edward I. in thefe Words : Rex Vie. London falutem. Ex granz' queo rela B. rapt. £5 detent. in prlfona noflra de Crlplef- gate pro x. l. qua: eoram Radulplao de Sandwlco, tune Cu/lod. Civitatz'r no/trce London, 69’ I. de Black- well Ci‘vz's reeogm't. debit. 55°C. This Gate was new builded by the Brewers of London, in the Year 1244., as faith Fabian’s Ma- nufcript. Edmund Shaw, Goldfmith, Mayor in the Year One thoufand four hundred eighty three, at his Deceafe, appointed, by his Tef’tament, his Ex- ecutors, with the Colt of four hundred Marks, and the Stuff of the old Gate, called Crzfplefgate, to build the fame Gate anew. Which was per- formed and done in the Year One thoufand four humdred ninety one. , Crzpplegate again was lately repaired, and hath this Infcription on it, fliewing the Time of the Repair of it. “ This Gate was repaired and “ beautified, and the foot Polternnew made at “ the Charge of the City of London, the 15th “ Year of the Reign of our Sovereign Lord “ King Charles II, and in the Mayoralty of Sir “ 701m Robin/on, Knt. and Baronet, Lieutenant of “ the Tower of London, and Alderman of this “ Ward, Anno Dom. 1633.] The Rooms over this Gate are fet apart for the Water Bailifi‘ of the City.] ALDERSGATE. The next is afldrefigate, or fllderjjgate: f0 call- ed, not of Aldrich, or of Elders, that is to fay, an- cient Men, Builders thereof, nor of eldern Trees, growing there more abundantly than in other Places, as fome have fabled: But for the very Antiquity of the Gate itfelf, [fignifyin the elder or older'Gate] as being one of the firl’t our Gates of the City, and ferving for the northern Parts, as Aldgate for the Bali. Which two Gates, being b0th old Gates, are, for Difference Sake, called, the one flldgate, the other 1dlderfgate. This is the fourth principal Gate, and hath at fundry Times been, increafed with Buildings ; namely, on the fouth Side, or inner Side, a great Frame of Timber hath been added and fet up, containing divers large Rooms and Lodgings. Alfo on the cafe Side is the Addition of one great Building of Timber, with one large Floor, paved with Stone or Tile, and a Well therein, curbed with Stone, of a great Depth, and tiling into the faid Room, two Stories high from the Ground -, which Well is the only peculiar Note belonging to that Gate ; for I have not feen the like in all this City, to be raifed f0 high. john Day, Sta- tioner, a late famous Printer of many good Books, in our Time, dwelled in this Gate, and builded much upon the Wall of the City, towards the Parilh Church of St. Anne. This Gate being very old, ruinous, and in Danger of falling, the Lord Mayor, Aldermen, and Common-Council, ordered to have it taken down, and rebuilt in a beautiful Manner. To- wards the new Building whereof, Mr. [I’ll/5am Parker, Citizen, and Merchant-Taylor, gave 1000 l. the Money to be paid by his Executor 4 into . ' Book I.“ "London, called St; Martin tire Great, hath thefe Martin [2 grand. L55” artzlmnw. Cripplegate, a Prifon for Trefpalfers.j Recond, Cripplegate new builded. Cripplegat: repaired, Anna 166 3.‘ 7. s. R. B. Alderjkate.’ I In a Book called, Be- rware tbe Cat. Fourth Gate; A Well of great Depth at Alofiifgal‘c": Day, the Printer. This Gate re, built in K. yam“ 1": Time. R. B. i 1000 1. given towards the new Building Cfaliilziglguta. Chap. IV. into the Chamber of London, and to be difiributed according to fuch Direétions as were in his Will exprefi‘ed, 'viz. 200 l. at the taking down of the firlt Tile, which was upon the lai’t Day of .Maroh, i 6 I 7 -, other 200 l. at the laying'of the firfi: Stone, .which was laid by the Right Worlhipful Sir hVil— liam Craven, Knt. and Alderman, on Monday the 26th Day of May following; other 2001. when the new Building fhould be one Yard high above .the Ground ; and other 200 I. when the new build- ' ing {hould be arched over the Gate; and the lal’t ‘ .2001. when the Work lhould be compleatly fi- Mr. Fox, Sn- pervifor of the Works. “a «'4'. a' a nilhed: Mr. Richard Fox, Citizen and Cloth- worker, a mofl: painful and induf’trious Perfon, having the Direétion, Ordering, and Overlight of the faid Work. T he Ornaments on the Outflde of this Gate. On the North, in a large Square over the Arch, is the Figure of King 7ames the Fir/t, on Horfe- back, in the Pol‘ture as he came into England, .whofe Entrance was at that Gate ; and over that the Arms of England, Scotland, and Ireland, quar- tered. On the other Side are two Efligies, viz. ion the eaf’t Side, the Prophet 7eremiah, with this ' Text, Chap. xvii. Ver. 25. ‘ Then {hall enter ‘ into the Gates of this City Kings and Princes, fitting upon the Throne of David, riding in Chariots, and on Horfes, they and their Princes, the Men of f7udah, and the Inhabitants of 7e- rufalem ; and this City fhall remain for ever. And, on the weft Side of him, the Figure of the Prophet Samuel, with this Text, I Samuel, Chap. ‘Xii. Ver. 1. ‘ And Samuel faid unto all Ifrael, Be- ‘ hold, I have hearkened unto your Voice, in all ‘ that you faid unto me, and have made a King f over you.’ . . , On the fouth Side is the Efligies of King 7ames the Fir/t, fitting in his Chair of State in his Roy- ' a1 Robes. Nl‘u’gatlo Fifth Gate. SL'Paal ’3 Church in London new built. This Gate received great Damage by the gene- ral Fire, but was repaired and beautified at the fole Charges of this City, in the Year 1670, Sir Samuel Stirling, Knt. being Mayor. The Rooms over this Gate and Poitern for lFoot-people,'are fet apart for the Dwelling of the common Cryer of this City for the Time being] NEWGATE ' The next Gate on the war: and by North, is termed Newgate, as latelier (built than the kit, and is the fifth principal Gate. This Gate was firfi: ereé‘ted about the Reign of Henry the Pity}, or of King Stephen, upon this Occafion: The Ca- thedral Church of St. Paul being burnt, about the Year 1086, in the Reign of [William the Con- queror, Mauritius, then Bilhop of London, repair- ed not the old Church, as fome have fuppofed, but began the Foundation of a new Work, fuch, as Men then judged, Would never have been per- formed, it was to them fo wonderful for Heighth, Length, and Breadth; as alfo in refpeét it was .raifed upon Arches, or Vaults, fs’e. a Kind of Workmanlhip brought in by the Normans, and ,never known to the Artificers of this Land be- :fore that Time, Erie. After .Muuritius, Riehard Beaumore did wonderfully advance the Work of the laid Church, purchafing the large Streets and Lanes round about, wherein were wont ito dwell many Lay-people, which Grounds he began to compafs about with a {trong Wall of Stone, and Gates. By Means of this Increafe of the Church Ter- ritory, but more by the inclofing of Ground for fo large a Coemitery, or Church-yard ; the high and large Street, f’tretching from flldgate in the ,Ealt, to Ludgate in the Wef’c, was in this Place f0 crofl'ed and flopped up, that the Carriage thro’ the City, wef’tward, was forced to pafs without the Gates and Po/lerns. ‘ faid Church-yard Wall on the North-fide, through Pater-nofler-Row, and then South down Ave-.Ma- rza-lane -, and again Weft through Bowyer-row, to Ludgate; or kelfe out of Cheap, or Watling-flreet to turn South, through the Old-Change, then Weli through- Carter-lane, again North up Creed-lane, and then Weft to Ludgate. Which Pafl‘age, by reafon of f0 often turning, was very cumberfome and dangerous, both for Horfe and Man. For I9 Remedy whereof, a new Gate was made and f0 called, by which Men and Cattle, with in Man- mi???“ net of Carriages, might pafs more direé‘tly, as the can“: before, from Aldgate, through Wejl Cheap by St. Why‘ Paul’s, on the north Side, through St. Nicholas Shamhles and Newgate-mar/eet, to Newgate. And from thence to any Part wel’tward, over Holhorn- hridge, or turning without the Gate into Smith- field, and through Ifeldon, to any Part north and by welt. This Gate hath of long Time been a Gaol or Prifon for Felons and Trefpali‘ers, as appeareth by Records in the Reign of King ‘j’ohn, and of other Kings -, amongl’t the which I find 071e, tef— tifying, that in the Year 1 21 8, the Third of Hen- ry the Third, the King writeth unto the Sherifi's of London, commanding them to repair the Gaol of Newgate for the fafe Keeping of his Prifoners, promifing that the Charges laid out fhould be al- lowed unto them upon their Account in the Ex- chequer. Moreover, in the Year 1241, the 7e'ws of Nor- wich were hanged for circumcifing a Chril’tian Child; their Houfe, called the Thor, was pulled down and deftroyed. flaron the Son of Ahraham, a 7e10, at London, and the other 7mm, were con— firained to pay twenty—thoufand Marks, at two Terms in the Year, or elfe to be kept perpetual Prifoners in Newgate, of London, and in other Prifons. , Anna 1255, King Henry the Third, lodging in the Tower of London, upon Difpleafure conceived towards the City of London, for the Efcape of yohn Ofirem, a Prifoner, being a Clark Conviét, out of Newgate, which had killed a Prior that was of Alliance to the King, as Coufin to the (been, fent for the Mayor and Sheriffs to come before him to anfwer the Matter. laid the Fault from him to the Sheriff's, foraf— much as to them belonged the Keeping. of all Pri- foners within the City ; and fo the Mayor return- ed Home, but the Sheriffs remained there Prifo- ners by the Space of a Month, and more, and yet they excufed themfelves, in that the Fault chiefly relied in the Bilh0ps Ofiicers ; for, where- as the Prifoner was under Cufiody, they, at his Requel’t, had granted Licence to imprifon the Offender within the Gaol of Newgate ; but fo as the Blfl‘lOpS Officers were charged to fee him fafe- 1y kept. The King, notwithitanding all this, de— manded of the City 3000 Marks for a F1116: In the Year 1329, Robert Baldoehe, the King’s Chancellor, was put in Newgate, the Thll‘d of Ed- ward the Third. In the Year 1 3 37, Sir 7ohn Poulteney gave four Marks by the Year to the Relief of Prifoners 1n Newgate. In the Year . 1385, William Walworth gave fomewhat to relieve the Prifoners in Newgate; fo have many others fince. In the Year 14.14, the Gaolers of Newgate and Ludgate died, and Prifoners in Newgate t0 the Number of 64.. ‘ ' In the Year 14.18, the Parfon of Wrotham: my Kent, was imprifoned in Newgate. . The Year 1422, the F irl’c of Henry VI, Llccnffi was granted to 7ohn Coventre, 7671/“? Carpenter, and William Grove, Executors to Richard W htt— tington, to re-edify the Gaol of Newgate, WhiCh they did with his Goods. ~ F Thomas Ne-wgate, a Goal, or Pri- fon-houfe. can R011. The King re: paired it. yew: of Non: with. T he Mayor , The Sherifi's ofLondJn Pri- foners in the Tower, for Efcape of a Prifoner out of Nerwgate. The King’s Chancellor Prifoner in Newgatt.. Nerwgate new built. 29 Water con- veyed to No‘wgate and Lndgate. Pril‘oners of Ludgale re- moved to Newgate. Lord Egre- mond and 0- thers brake Prifon out of ARM/gate. F oundlings. as Gates and Po/lornr‘. Tbomos Knowles, Grocer, {emetimes Mayor of London, by Licence of Reynold, Prici- ofSt. Bor- tbolometo’s, in Smitbflold, and alfo of 701m Wnbering, Matter of the Hofpital of St. Bortboiomojw, and ' his Brethren, conveyed. the Waite of Witter, at the Cii’eern, near unto the common Fountain, and Chapel of St. Niobolns, fituate by the faid Hof- pital, to the Gaols of Newgnte and’Lndgote, for the Relief of the Prifoners. Tao/day nexr after Palm-Sunday, 1431, all the Prifoners of Lndgo-te were conveyed into Newgoto, by Walter Cbartfey and Robert Largo, Sheriffs of London. And on the I 3th of flpril, the fame She- riffs, through the falfe Suggeftion of jobn Kingo- fell, Goaler of Newgnte, did fetch from thence eighteen Perfons, F reemen, and thefe Were led to the Compters pinioned, as if they had been F es j ions. But, on the 16th of 7MB, Lndgato was as gain appointed for F reemen, Prifoners for Debt, ; and the fame Day the {aid F reemen entered by ,Ordinance of the Mayor, Aldermen, and Com- mons; and by them Henry'Doono, Taylor, was made Keeper of Lndgote. In the Year 1457, a great F ray Was in the ninth Country, between Sir Thomas Percy, Lord Eg're‘mond, and the Earl of Salty‘bm’jy’s Sons, where- by many were maimed ahd flain ; but in the End the Lord Egr‘omond, being taken, was, by the King’s Council, found in great Default, and therefore condemned in great Sums of Money, to be paid . to the Earl 'of Salisbury, and in the mean Time' Committed to Myra. Not long after, Sir 7730- rnns Percy, Lord Egremond, and Sir Rickard Portia, his Brother, being in Newgooo, brake out of Pri- lbn by Night, and Went to the King -, the other Prifo’rr'ers took the Leads of the Gate, and de- fended it a long while againi’t the Sheriff's, and all their Officers, .ini‘omuch that they were forced to ' call more Aid of the Citizens, whereby at left _ they fubdued them, and laid them in Irons. ‘ Among the Criminals that this Prifon ufed to: be filled with, Were fim’nerly Abundance-of naugh— ty Women that had murthered their bail‘ard Chil- dren, either by throwing them into Houfes of , . Office, or otherwife. But now of later Years they; I have better con'fialte'd for their o‘w‘n Lives, as, well as the Lives of the peor Infants, by laying . them privately in "the‘Night—time at the Doors of : Men’s Hou‘fES, whereby they are taken Care of ‘f by the Parifhes where they are found;~ And of 7. thefe Fourtdlin‘g's, tome Parifhes, efpecially thoii: without the Walls, haste great Numbers to their Confiderable Charges». 7' They are chriltened and ; '- ‘ ‘ furnat‘ned, cemmonl‘y after the Name of the Pa- é ' 'rifh. Four fuch Children were laid in the Pari’f’h i ~ of St. Dnn/ban’s—inthe Eafi, in the Year r708, be» . tween the I 5th of Angnfl and the 21ft of Sqn‘em: , bar, which occafioned an Advertifement to be put " into the Pofiinozn, That if any would-come and. inform the Churchhwa‘rden, where any of thefe; Children were born, or who had laid them'down, f fliould for each Difcovery have twenty Shillings. ? And thefe Advertifements are now become fre-I *quent.] 7 ; The call: Side of this 'Gate was-begun to be re- é , paired in the Year 1630, Sir 7am: Cowbell, Knt. Exhortations' fpoken to the Felons con- 'demned. ‘7- ‘So‘ Dr. Bray. being Mayor; and finiihed the Year following? Sir Robert Drniy, Bart. being Mayor. . . This Gate is the common Gaol for the County; of Middle/ox, and Was wholly defir‘o‘ye’d in the, 'general'Conflagration, Anna 1'666,'but now re-‘ built far more firong, and convenient for that Purpofe: It hath a Poitern for Foot Pafi‘engers.) And this may fuffice for Newgote. . Only let it be added, that Mr. Robert Dow,{ Merchant Taylor, that deceafed. I612, appointed ,the Sexton, or Bellman, of St. Sepniobro’s,-to pro- nounce folemnly 'tivo Exhortations to, the .Perfons condemned; for which, and for Ringing the paf- fing Bell for them as they are carried in the Care by the {aid Church, he left 26 J'. 8 d. Yearly for ever. - Tbe Exbortotion to be prononnoed to tbe condemned Prifoner: in Newgate, tbe Nigbt before their Exa- eontion. , You Prifone’rs that are within, Who for Wickednefs and Sin, “ After many Mercies fhewn yOu, are now appointed to die To—morrow in the F orenoon : Give Ear and underi’tand, that To-morrow Morning the greateft Bell of St. Sepnlobr‘o’s {hall roll for You, in Form and Manner of a paf— fingBell, as ufed to be tolled for thofe that are at the Point of Death, to the End that all godly People hearing that Bell, and knowing , it is for you going to your'Deaths, may be flirted up heartily to pray to God to bellow his Grace and Mercy upon you, whilit you live; I befeech you, for Jefus Chrii’t his Sake, to keep this Night in Watching and Prayer for the Salvation of your own Souls, while there is yet Time and Place for Mercy, as knowing To-morrow you muit appear before the Judg- ment-Seat of your Creator, there to give 'an Account of all Things done in this Life, and to fuiier eternal Torments for your Sins com? mitted againlt him, unlefs, upon your hearty and unfeigned Repentance, you find Mercy, through the Merits, Death, and Paflion of your only Mediator and Advocate J'efil's Chriit, who now fits at the Right Hand of God, to make Interceffion for as many of you, as pe- nitently return to him. cc cc cc cc cc cc 'u cc c'c cc cc cc cc cc cc 'cc c 0‘ G fl ‘6 1‘ ‘ a t l‘ .4‘ 1‘ "C Tbofldmonition to be prononnoed to tbe condemned Criminals, or tbzy are pnfing by St. Sepulchre’: . Cbnrrb—Woll‘to Execution. - ’ ' “ All good People pray heartily unto God for .th'efe poor Sinners, who are now going to their Death, for whom this great Bell doth toll. “ You that‘are conderri‘gd to die, repent with lamentable Tears: Ask Mercy of the Lord for the Salvation of your own Souls, through the .Merits, Death, and Pailion ’of Jefus Chriit, who now fits at the Right Hand of- God, to make Intercefiion'for‘as many of you as penitently return unto’hi'm. ' Lord have Mercy open You. Chril’ckhave Mercy upon You. Lord haveMercy upon You. _ Chrift have Mercy upon Yam] LUDGATE' in the Weft is the next and fixth principal Gate, and is called Lndgoto, at firi’c built, faith Goof- frey ofMonmonrb, by King Lnd, a Briton, about the Year, before Chrii’c’s Nativity, 66. Of which Building, and alfo of the Name, as Lndgrnte, or Floodgate, hath been of late fome Qiefiion among ; the Learned, Whereforel overpafs it as not to 'my ’PUrpofe; only referring the Reader to that I have before written out of Coo/Zir’s Commentaries, and other ”Roman Writers, concerning a Town or Ci- fty amongf’c the Britons. This Gate I fuppofe to ‘be one of the melt ancient; and as Abigale was built for the ‘Eaft, {0 was this Lndfgnto for the Weft. I read, 2131 told you, that in the Year 12.15, the 17th of King yobn, . the Barons of the Realm, being in Arms againfi: the King, entered this City, and fpoiled theyews Houfes, which being done, Robert Fitzwnte’r, and Geofiirey do Mog- nn villa, Earl of Efix, and the Earl of Glonctyfer, chief Leaders of the Army, applied all Diligence to repair the Gates and Walls of this City, with the Stones of the you): broken Houfes. -Efpti‘lci'- a y, -Bm$tL The Admoi nition to the Criminals . pafiing to Ex-g' ecution. Ludgatel The fixth Gate. Roger Win? donor. Mat. Paris. ».Chap'. LIV. Lzzdgate new b h ,built,.Ladgate. For in the Year 1586, when 111 . the fame Gate was taken down to be new built (which colt the City more than 3000 l.) there was found couched within the Wall thereof, a Stone taken from one of the yews Houfes, wherein were engraved in Hehrew Cha-raéters thefe Words fol- lowing, :pmn :3an ’2 mon’fin aim in, Heec efi/ta- ~tz'o Rahhi Mofi’snfilii infigne's Rahhi mac; which .is to fay, ‘ This is the Station or Ward of Rahhz' ‘ Mon’s the Son of the Honourable Rahhi Ifaac.’ And it had been fixed upon the Front of one of the jews Houfes, as a. Note or Sign that fuch an n y Mifiakes one dwelled there. a, Letters, The Lord Coke takes Notice of this Antiquity, y. S. and dates it earlier than here it is fet; namely, 1mm, part 3, before the 2 3d of Henry II,- flnno I r 77. And, fur- P. 203. ther, will not have this to be an Infeription upon 1} 3'“? {Stir an Houfe, but an Epitaph upon fome 7ew’s Grave. 2320,1131? And, taking that for granted, he fhews from 1%. ‘venden, that before the 23d Year of King Hen- .7' S' 79' II. all the faces were buried within the City of London, but that Year the King gave Licenfe to the 7ews of his Land to have a Burying-place in any City in England, but without the Walls, where they could buy. a fit Place to bury their Dead 5 and this from that Writer’s Words, Prins eninz omnes 7ndeei Mortal Londonia ferehantur fiepe- liendi; but this may be interpreted, ‘ That the ‘ dead fires were carried from London to be bu— ‘ ried, as well as in London, and perhaps better ,’ that is, at a greater Diftance, but now they had the Favour to be buried nearer, even in the Sub- urbs. But, however that be, that learned Judge was undoubtedly mifiaken in the Hehrew Word :30, which always fignifies a Station, as Stow hath fet it, or a Place where a Man’s Station or Dwel- ling is, and never for an Epitaph] . Ludgate re- In the Year 1260, this Lndgate was repaired, 15:3: grind beautified Wtihhb Infiages of; Lad, afni [other ' i ' s, as a ' eare y etters atents 0 icence 1mg“ there. gig: to thlhpCitizens ‘of London, to take up Stone or the making of thofe Images, dated the 25th of Henry the Third. Thefe Images of Kings, in the Reign of Edward the Sixth, had their Heads {mitten 03’, and were otherwife defaced, 'by un- "advi'fed Folks, and fuch as judged every Image. to “be an Idol 5 and in the Reign of 'Qleen Mary Were repaired, as by fetting new Heads on their old Bodies, 8c. All which f0 remained until the Year I 586, the 28th of ween Eli/aheth, when the fame Gate, b‘eino fore decayed, was clean ta- ken down, the Priigners in the mean Time re—. maining in the large fouth—eal’t Qladrant of the fame Gate adjoining; and the fame Year the Luigi!!! en‘” whole Gate was newly and beautifully built, with Erged 1"; the the Images of Lad and others, as before, on they £1252;qu e'af’t Side, and the Picture of her Majéfiiy Qieen Elifaheth on the weft Side. All which was done at the common Charges of the Citizens, amount- ing to '1 500 l. or more. . Ludgatea free This Gate was made a free Prifon in the Year “Rm 1378, the Firi’t of Richard the Second, Nicholas RecordGuz'ld. Bremhar being Mayor. The fame was confirmed 1m”- in the Year 1382, 7ohn Northampton being May— or, by -a Common-Council in the Guildhall : By which it was ordained, that all ‘Freemen of this City Ihould, for Debt, Trefpaffes, Accompts, and” ‘Contempts, be imprifoned in Lndgate; and, for' T ‘reafons, Felonies, and other criminal Offences, committed to Newgate, 8m. ,, In the Year 1439, the 10th of King Henry the: .. Sixth, 7ohn Wells’being Mayor, 3. Court of Com—f ‘ mon Council citablilhed Ordinances, as William; Standon, and Rohert’Chieheley, late Mayors, before; 'had done, touching the Guard and Governmeng of Lndgate, and other ’Prifons. f " Alfo, in the Year 1463, the 3d of Edward the; Fourth, ‘Matthew Philip being‘Mayors’in 3 Com-u; ‘ I .. x ‘ i .. . few: Houl‘es Fpoiled. Thus I have corrected thefe Hehrew Words, which in all the former Editions had almoi’c as ma- Lua’gate again new built. 1 we} and Poflerng, .. ally, as it feem’eth, they then repaired, or rather‘ 9.1 mon Council, at the Requell: of the wellcdif fed blefl'ed, and devout Woman Dame Agnes 15%;”, Memory ofa Widow, late Wife to Stephen Forfler, Fifhmonger’ .worth)’ WD‘ fome Time Mayor, for the Comfort and Reliel~ mm of all the poor Prifoners, certain Articles were eftablilhed: Imprimis, ‘ That the new Works, ‘ then lately edified by the fame Dame flgnes, for ‘Articles for‘ ‘ the Enlarging of; the Prifon of Ludgate, from 1‘61”“th thenceforth {hould be had and taken as a Part wo.’ Priff’fi' and Parcel of the faid 'PrifOn of Ladgate, f0 that “smudge," both the old and new Work of Ladgate aforea faid, to be one Prifon, Gaol, Keeping, and Charge for evermore.’ The faid andrant, firongly built of Stone by the forenamed Stephen For/fer and Agnes his Wife, containing a large Walking-place by Ground of thirty-eight Feet and a Half in Length, befides the Thicknefs of the Walls, which are at the lead": S C C 6 6 The Length; Breadth, and Largenefs of the andranh ‘fix Feet, makes all together forty-four Feet and a Half ; f0 that the-Thicknefs of the Walls maketh it thirty-five Feet and an Half in Breadth. The like Room it hath over it for Lodgings, and, over all, fair Leads to Walk upon, well embattled, all for frefh Air, and Eafe of Prifoners, to the End they {hould have Lodging and Water free with- out Charge ; as by certain Verfes graven in Cop'- per, and fixed on the {aid Quadrant, I have read ' in Form following: ' ' ' Devout 80615 that pafs this Way, Atl/uagate; For Stephen For/her, late Mayor, fengravedona heartily pray, ‘ CepperPlate. And Dame flgnes his Spoufe, to God confecrate, That, of Pity, this Houfe' made for Londoners in Ladgate. So that for Lodging and Water’ Prifoners here nought pay, ‘ As their Keepers {hall all anfwer at dreadful Dooms-Day. This Place, and one other of his Arms, being , three broad ArrOW-heads, taken down with the old. Gate, I caufed to be fixed over the Entry of" the faid Qiadrant 3 but, the Verfes being unhap- pily turned inward to the Wall, the like, in Ef- fect, is engraved outward in Profe, declaring him ' to be a Filbmonger -, becaufe fome, upon a light Occafion, as a Maiden’s Head .in’a Glafs Win- - dow, had fabled him to be a Mercer, and to have- begged there at Lndgate, 8cc.' Thus much for ’ Ladgate. ' , All the Infide of this Gate, which conlil’ted of Damaged by Timber, was confumed in the Fire in 1666, and thegreatFlrev the Stone very much damaged -, but of late'Years R. 3, built up very fubfiantially, and hath a convenient Chapel for Divine Service, and beautifully repair- ed. On the ealtSide, in three Niches, are {till remaining the Efligies of King Lad and his two Sons ; and on the weft ~Side that of Clueen Elifa— heth, with the Arms of England and France quar- tered over her.] _ Next this, there is a Breach in the Wall of the A Breach in City, and a Bridge of Timber over the Fleet-Dyhe, th? $331128 betwixt Fleet-Bridge and the Thames, direétly over— £32; ” againlt the Houfe of Bridetoell. Thefe are the feveral Land-Gates and Polterns ' ,7 ,3, through the Wall, built for the ConVenience of Padage into and out of the City. Befides thefe _ there were certain ‘Water-Gates, 'of whiehwe {hall now proceed to 'fpeak.] WATER-GATES.- Water~Gates on the Banks of the River Thames Water-Gates. havebeen many ; which, being purchaf'ed bY.PI'1‘ vate Men, are alfo put to private U173, and, the - old "Names of 'them forgotten.’ Bur of'fuch-Las remain from the Weft Unto the Ball, may be {aid asfolloweth : ' ' The 2.2. matting”, The Black-Friar: Stairs, a free Landing-Place. pathway. _ Then a Water-Gate at Puddle-Wharf, of one Puddle, that kept a Wharf on the weft Side there- of, and now of Puddle Water, by Means of many Horfes watered there. Paul'sWhmf Then Paul’s-Wharf, alfo a free Landing-Place, with Stairs, {9°43 Bro/henWhmf. Then Broken~Wharfi and other fuch-like. QUEENHITH. But Ripa Regime, the Queen’s-Bank, or Queen- hith, may well be accounted the very chief and principal Water-Gate of this City, being a com- mon Strand, or Landing- Place, and much reforted to by Barges and Lighters, which bring up Goods from the wefiern Parts of the Kingdom, as Corn, Wood, Ede. here being a very great Meal—Mar- ket weekly kept. This Place is alfo of great Re- fort for the wefiern Watermen; yet equal with, and, of old Time, far exceeding Billingflgate, as {hall be fhewed in the Ward of Elgteenhith. DOWNGATE. The next is Downgate, fo called, as may be fuppofed‘, of the fudden defcending or downgoing of that Way from St. fohn’s Church, upon Wal- hrook, unto the River of Thames: Whereby the Water in the Channel there hath fuch a fwift Courfe, that, in the Year 1574,, on the Fourth of Septemher, after a firong Shower of Rain, a Lad, of the Age of eighteen Years, minding to have leapt over the Channel, was taken by the Feet, and borne down with the Violence of that narrow Stream, and carried towards the Thames with fuch a violent Swiftnefs, that no Man could refcue or flay him, till he came againfi a Cart-Wheel that flood in the Water-Gate; before which Time he was drowned and liar-k dead. This was fome Time a large Water-Gate, fre- quented by Ships and other Veffels, like as the Egreen’s-Hith, and was a Part thereof, as doth An Inquifiti- appear by an Inquilition made in the 28th Year of °n°°n°eming Henry III, wherein was found, ‘ That as well Dm”3“’" ‘ Corn as Filh, and all other Things coming from ‘ the Port of Downgate, were to be ordered, after ‘ the Culioms of the Qeeen’s-Hith, for the King’s Merchants of ‘ Ufe. As alfo, that the Corn arriving between gifdfefivffilelr ‘ the Gate of the Guildhall of the Merchants of Com betwixt. ‘ Cullen, viz. the Stillyard, which is eafi from men- Hour, .‘ Downgate, and the Houfe then pertaining to Queenhithb R. B. Downgate. ALad ofeigh- teen Years old drowned in the Channel at Downgate. and the. "‘ 'the Archbifhop of Canterhnry, weft from Bay- Bb‘1fr‘m- ‘ nard’s-Ca/ile, was to be meafured by the Mea- ‘ fure and Meafurer of the Qneen’s-Soke, or sateen- ‘ hith.’ I read alfo in the I 9th of Edward III, ‘ That Cuf’toms were then to be paid for Ships ‘ and other Vefl'els rel’ting at Downgate, as if they ‘ rode at Queenhz'th.’ And as they now do at Billing/gate. But now it is fallen to fuch great Decay, that not only there is no Ufe made there- of, but alfo, by Reafon that the Water-Gates are not repaired, it is very dangerous to Palfengers travelling through in the Night Seafon. And thus much for Downgate may fuflice. W O L F S G A T E. Wolfrgate in The next after Downgate, of old Time, was the RW’J- called Wolfrgate, in the Ropary, in the Parilh of Li: H Alhallow: the Lejic, of later Time called Wolfe- Lib: {’22 ‘Lane, but now out of Ufe; for the lower Part 54”,, ' was built by the Earl of Shrew/hwy, and the other Part was {topped up, and built on by the Cham- berlain of London. . E B G A T E. Lily/Horne. The next is Ehgate, a Water-Gate, fo called of if; 3- Al— old Time, as appeareth by divers Records of Tenements, near unto the fame adjoining. It ”bu-ML Lib. {tandeth near unto the Church of St. Lawrence 3. Alhane. . Ponntne}, but is within the Parilh, of St. Martin R‘cord E- 30. H I Ehg‘ate. Lib. . Gator and Poflerm. Book I. Ordegare. In Place of this Gate is now a narrow Pafl'age to the Thames, and is called Ehgate-Lane, but more commonly the Old Swan. OYSTER-GATE. Then there is a Water-Gate at the Bridge-Foot, Oyfler-Cafe; called Oyjter-Gate, of Oyfiers that were there of old Time commonly to be fold; and was the chiefefl: Market for them, and for other Shell- F ilh. There fiandeth now an Engine, or Forcier, for the winding up of Water, to ferve the City, whereof I have already fpoken. BRlI’DGEoGATE. The next is Bridge-Gate, fo called of London- Bridge-Gate} Bridge, whereon it fiandeth. This was one of the four firlt and principal Gates of the City, and was long before the Conquefi, when there flood a Bridge of Timber; and is the feventh and lai’t principal Gate mentioned by PV. Fitz-Stephen: The Brga'ge; Which Gate being weakly made, when the Bridge Gate often- was built of Stone, hath been oftentimes fince re- timeérePai’ed paired. This Gate, with the Tower upon it, in zofilgzet the Year 1436, fell down, and two of the farthefi factors, ' Arches fouthwards alfo fell therewith, and no Man perilhed, or was hurt thereby. To the Re— pairing whereof, divers wealthy Citizens gave large Sums of Money, namely, Rohert Large, fome Time Mayor, gave‘to that Work 1 oo Marks, Stephen For/fer, 20 . Sir 7ohn Cro/hy, Alderman, WDmlorne: 100]. 556. But, in the Year 14.71, the Kenti/h Gate at the Mariners, under the Conduct of Ballard Faneon- 55:13?” hridge, burned the faid Gate, and thirteen Houfes c . on the Bridge, befides the Beer~Houfes at St. Ka-_ therines, and many others in the Suburbs. BUTTOLPHS-GATE; The next is Buttolphr-Gate, fo called of the Pa~ Burro/phi; rilh Church of St. Buttolph near adjoining. This 0“"- Gate was fome Time given, or confirmed, by William the Conqueror, to the Monks of Wq/lmin- King Wz'lfian jter, in thefe Words: ‘ PVz'll. Rex Anglia, &c. the C'ffitum' . mzliam King of England, fendeth Greeting to gggmf‘h' ‘ the Sheriffs, and all his Minii’cers; as alfo‘to his ' ‘ loving Subjeéts, French and Engli/h, of London. l‘ Know ye, that I have granted to God, and St. ‘ Peter of Weflminjler, and to the Abbot Vitalz'r, ‘ the Gift which Almnndnr, of the Port of St. But- ‘ tolph, gave them when he was there made ‘ Monk; that is to fay, his Lord’s Court, with ‘ the Houfes, and one Wharf, which is at the ‘ Head of London-Bridge ; and all other his Lands ‘ which he had in the fame City, in fuch Sort as ‘ King Edward more beneficially and amply grant- ‘ ed the fame. And I Will and Command, that ‘ they Ihall enjoy the fame well, and quietly, and ‘ honourably, with Sake and Soke, 65:3 BELINSGATE. The next is Belinfgate, now ufed as an efpecial 355%,"; Port or Harbour for fmall Ships and Boats coming thereto, and is now the largefl: Water-Gate on the River of Thames, therefore molt frequented, the Qzeen’s-Hith being almofi forfaken. How this Gate took that Name, or of what Antiquity the fame is, I mufl: leave uncertain, as not having read any ancient Record thereof, more than that Geofirey of Monmouth writeth, that Belin, a King of 039599, of the Britons, about 400 Years before Chrii’c’s Na- Moment/2. tivity, built this Gate, and named it Berlin/gate, after his own Name: And that, when he was dead, his Body being burned, the Aihes in a Vef- fel of Brafs were fet in a high Pinnacle of Stone Belin'sUm of over the fame Gate. But Car/or, and other Ro- Brah- man Writers, aflirm of Cities, Walls, and Gates, as ye have before heard, and therefore it feemeth tome not to be fo ancient, but rather to have ta- ken that Name of fome late Owner of the Place, haply named Beling; as Somer’s-Key, Swan’s-Key, Pref/9f Chap. Watergate by the Cuflam- ban/é. W’atergate by the Tower. Wharfs and Keys; The Gates to be kept and watched. Matt. Parir. T.S. IV. of their'Owners. Of this Gate more {hall be faid, when we come to fpeak of Billinfigate Ward. Other WATERGATES. Then you have a Watergate on, the weft Side of Wool-Wharf, or Cuflomer’s Key, which is now of late molt beautifully enlarged and built. This Gate is commonly called the fVatergaie, as being at the fouth End of Water-Lane. One other Watergate there is by the Bulwark of the Tower; and this is the lal‘t and farthel’t Watergate, eal’tward, on the River of T names, fo far as the City of London extendeth within the Walls ; both which lal’t named Watergates are Within the Tower Ward. ' ‘ _ Befides thefe common Watergates, .were divers private Wharfs and Keys all along from Bait to ' Weft, on the Banks of the River of T names. Merchants of all Nations had LandingsPlaces, Warehoufes, Cellars, and Stowage of their Goods and 'Merchandizes ; as partly {hall be touched in the Wards adjoining to the faid River. And therefore, concerning thefe Gates, let this fuffice. Now, for the ordering and keeping of them in the Night Seafon, it was appointed in the Year of Chril’t 1258, by King Henry III, in the 42d of hisReign, that the Ports of England Ihould be firongly kept, and that the Gates of Landau fhould be newly repaired, and diligently watched in the Night, for Fear of Freneb Deceits -, whereof one writeth thefe Verfes : Per noflenz Portia claudantur Londoniarum, Mania ne forte Frau: frangat Francigenarum. As to the City Wall, there is only fome of it now to be feen about Mooregate -, the fouth End of Fleet-ditch is {till open, which very lately ex. tended from the T name: to [fedora-bridge, be- ing made to bring Boats and Lighters up into the Heart of the Town, with Coals and other Provifions, the whole Length of the Ditch being at firfl: upwards of , two thoufand Feet, the Breadth one hundred Feet, and the Depth of the Water, on a full Tide at the further End next Haldane, was five Feet. On the Sides of the Ditch were Vaults for laying up Magazines of Coals; but, the Ditch continually filling with Mud, the Charge of cleanfing it annually was Very great, and, the fiinking Fumes, arifing from this Mud at low Water, being thought very un— wholefome, the City applied to the Parliament, to impower them to arch it over, which being granted, double Arches were accordingly made, and covered over, which rendered it a fpacious Street, from Halborn-Bridge to Fleet-Bridge, in the Middle whereof has been erected a Market for Meat, Poultry, Fruit, and all Manner of Gar- den-fluff; the Market being opened the 30th of Septemaer, 1737. The Rents of the Market— houfe, Sheds, and Stalls, bringing in a confidera? ble Revenue to the City. There has been very little Alteration in the Gates of this City, fince the lafi: Edition of this Work, except in that of Bi/bopfgare, which, growing ruinous, was taken down in the Year 1731, and a new Gate ereéted, which was finilhed in the Year 1735 -, but this does not reflect much Honour upon the City, in the Opinion ofa late Writer -, on the other Hand, one of the molt celebrated Critics, that ever fur- veyed the Buildings of London, admires its beau- tiful Simplicity, and declares, it is erected in a better Tafte than fome of the other Gates. Notwithf’tanding London has no {tone W'alls, nor any other Fortification about it, I look upon it to be one of the firongef’t Towns in Europe, for it has a formidable Fleet for its Defence; fuch NUMB. III. Gates and Paflernr. Firefly-Wharf, and others, thereby took their Names ‘ wooden Walls as no Power on Earth can -‘ lifh, and, if by Accident, its Enemies .flioulilegeil over unobferved, they would meet with {till ftronger Walls in the brave and numerous Inha— bitants which pofl‘efs it. Such as thefe the brave Spartan: trul‘ted‘to, and defended themfelves ma» ny hundred Years againf’t the molt formidable Powers. This mighty City need fear no foreign Enemies, if fhe makes Ufe of the vafi Advan- tages {he is polTelTed of, and is permitted to apply ‘ them to her Defence. Wealth, the Sinews of Wat, {he abodnds in more than any City. Men fhe can never want, or Horfes, there being more than twenty Thoufand fit for,mi-' litary Service in the Town : Magazines of Ar- tillery, fmall Arms, and Ammunition for an Army 'of a hundred thoufand Men, are always in Rea- dinefs, and there are a hundred thoufand ablea bodied Men fit to bear Arms in the City, thefe being but a tenth Part of the Inhabitants ; and, if thefe were joined with the Militia of the five Counties contiguous to Middlefex, they would be fufficient to refil’t all the Powers of Europe confe— derated againfi: her. The ufualObjeétion made to this, is, that new raifed. Men are not a Match for veteran Troops, and that the Militia of England, at prefent, are an undifciplined Mob. a To this it is replied, that the Engli/b Militia may be made. as formidable a‘Body of Men as any in the World, equal to thofe of Sweden, or Swir— zerland, or the Hungarian Militia, which did fuch Wonders in the late Wars, nor does it require f0 much Time to new-model and exercife a Mili— tia, as fome pretend. Was the Nation able to raife, and pay 100,000- Mercenaries, they would not be f0 good a De-‘ fence againf’t a foreign Enemy, as the Militia might be made; and the Confiitution would be much fafer in the Hands of the Nobility and Gentry, and Men of Property, than in the Hands. of thofe, who have little or nothing to lofe, whofe Arms may, byfan'ambitious, or mercenary Mi- nifler, be turned againl‘t the very People they were raifed to prOteét. ' . It was the Militia of this Nation that conquered France, and, though the Artof War is different from what it was, Idon’t fee any Advantages Foreigners have over us, more than they had then ; our People are equally improved in mili-3 tary Difcipline, and the Courage and Intrepidity. of the Engli/b appeared as much fuperior to that of the French in the late Wars, as it did in the Reign of Edward III. and Henry V. The Cou- rage of the Citizens is a better Security for them, than Walls and Gates of Brafs would be; but then it will be their Wifdom always to keep their Enemies at a convenient Difiance; no doubt, it will be thought abfolutely necefTary, that a {trong Squadron of Men of War fhould be ftationed at the Mouth of the River, when an Invafion is expected, and a firong Detachment will be fent to the Coai’ts where an Enemy is expected; for, fhould their Foes be fuffered to approach'near the City, the very Number of the Inhabitants might be the Occafion of their Deflruétion. It would be diflicult for this populous City to fub- hit a Week, if their Provifions fhould be cut off. If an Enemy therefore fhould ever invade the Kingdom, it wbuld be Prudence in the Citizens to convert eight or ten thoufand of their Mllltla into Dragoons, and join the Militia of the maria time Counties, by which Conduc't they might fe- cure Provifions for themfelves, and cut 03‘ .all Sublif’tance from the Enemy, and foon oblige them to return, or Itarve. , If their Defence was to depend purely on a fianding Army, it met be either a very weak one, or fo large as to endanger the Continuum; G \ 23 2-4- Lomlon, how watered. The River of the Wells. W alhraoh. Langhourn. Fountains. Divers other Wells. fools. Thames. Of the W'ells, Conilaits, Rivers, &c. If there was an’"Army of eighteen or twenty- thoufand Men in Pay, as there isat prefent, it would be thought proper, no doubt, to keep, at . lead, ten Thoufand of them about the Court, and what could the remaining ten Thoufand do, towards defending a Waite of a thoufand Miles Extent and upwards, or, indeed, what would the whole twenty Thoufand fignify, to- wards defending fuch an extenfive Coait; where- as, if the Militia wasdifciplined, an Enemy would meet with Refiftance in whatever County they landed, and the Militia, where the Defcent was Book I: 'made, would be continually reinforced from the , adjacent Counties. The City of; Amflerdam, where mof’t of the Treafure of Holland is lodged, as that of England is in London, are fo far fromentrufiing their All :to the Mercy of a fia’nding‘Army, that they would never , fuller Soldiers to come within their Walls, even when an Enemy was at their Gates; and the Treafure of London is, at leafl, equal to that of flmflerdam, which refembles London alfo in this Particular, that the Fate of the Metropo- lis ufually determines that of the State.] CHAP. V. Of the ancient and prrflnt Rivers, Broohs, Bournes, Pools, Wells, anal 0071-, . a’uits of fro/h Water, firming the City. Anal particularly the New River, and Thames Water .- The preflznt State of the City, as to Water. S the Walls of this City are for Strength and Ornament, and its Gates for Conve- niency ;' fo for Conveniency alfo, together with Health, and the Benefits of Life,- anorher Thing is requifite, viz. Water. And therefore the next Matter to be treated of concerning London, is, how it hath been, and, is watered] Anciently, until the Time of the Conqueror, and two hundred Years after, this City of Lon- don was watered, befides the famous River of Thames on the fouth Part, with the River of the Wells, as it was then called, on the Well, with a Water called Walhroole, running through the midit of the City into the River of Thames, feVering the ‘Heart thereof ; and with a fourth Water, or Bourn, which ran within the City through Lang- honrn Ward, watering that Part in the‘Eal’t. In the weft Suburbs was alfo another great Water, called Oldhorn, which had its Fall into the River of Wells. ' ‘ Then were there three principal Fountains, or Wells, in the other Suburbs; to wit, Holy-well, Clement’s-well, and Clark’s-well. Near unto this lafl: named Fountain, were divers other Wells, viz. Skinner’s-well, Fag’s-well, T ode-well, Loa'er’s-well, and Rad-well. All which, having the Fall of their Overflowing into the alorefaid River, much increafed the Stream, and, in that Place, gave it the Name of Wells; ‘ ‘ ' In Wdl-Smithfield there wasa Pool, in Records called Horfepooleg- and one other near unto the Paril-h Church of St. Giles without Cripplegate. Befides all which, they had in every Street, and Lane of the City, divers Wells, and frefh Springs :' And, after this Manner was this City then ferved with fweet and frefh Water. Which being fince decayed, other Means have been fought to fup‘ ply the Want, as lhall be fhewed. But, firft, of the aforenamed Rivers, and other Waters, is to be {aid as followeth : ' ’ . THAMES. Thames, the melt famous River of this Ifland, beginneth a little above a Village called Winch- com'h in Oxford/hire; and, Ptill increafing, palieth - firfl: by the Univerlity of Oxford, and fo with a marvellous quiet Courfe to London, and thence breaketh into the French Ocean by main Tides : Which, twice in four and twenty Hours Space, doth ebb and flow more than fixty Miles in Length, to the great Commodity of Travellers. By the which all kind of Merchandize are eafily Conveyed to London, the principal. Storehoufe'and Staple of all Commodities within this Realm.. So that omitting to {peak of great Ships, and o- * ther vVeH'els of Burthen, there pertaineth to the - Cities of London and Weflininjier, and Borough of I . Southwar/e, above the Number, as is fuppofed, Of tWO thoufand‘ Wherries, and other’fmall Boats; whereby three Thoufand poor Men, at the leaf}; are fet on Work and maintained; ' ' That the River of the WellsI in the well Part of the City, was, of old Time, f0 called, it may be proved thus: William the ConquerOr, in his Charter to‘the College of St. Martin Le Grand in London, hath thefe Words : -“- Ido give and grant “ to the fame Church all the" Land, and the “ Moorekwithout the Poltern,~which is- called ‘ Cripplegate, on either Part of the Pofiern; that ‘ is to fay, from the north Corner of the Wall, “ as the River of the Wells, there near running, .‘ departeth the fame Moore from the Wall, un- “ to the running Water which entereththe City.” This Water hath been finCe that Time called T armnill Brook; yet then called the River of the Tammi/l Wells; which Name of RivercOntinued ; and it 3mi- was to called in the Reign of'Edward I, as {hall be lhewed, with the Decay alfo of the {aid Ri-' ver. 7— ' - , In a fair Book of Parliament Records, nOW Decay ofthl lately rel’tored to the Tower, it appeareth, that, a River “the Parliament being holden at Carlifle in the Year P ”Ema t 1307, the 35th of Edward 1, Henry Lacy, Earl R::;,,_ n ofLincoln, complained, “ That whereas, in Times “ pail, the Courfe‘ of Water; running at London “ under .* Oldho’rne-hridge and Fleet-hridge into is Now Hal. “ the Thames, had been of ' fuchf Breadth and horn. “ Depth, that ten or twelve Ships, Navies at once “ with Merchandizes, were wont to come to the a- River “We”; ‘ forefaid Bridge of Fleet, and fomeunto Oldhorne- bare with “ bridge; now the fame Courfe, by Filth of the Ships. ‘-‘ Tanners, and fuch others, was fore decayed; ‘ alfo by railing of Wharfs, but, efpecially, by a‘ DiVerfion of the Water made by them of the New T ample, for their Mills {landing without patenth; Baynard’s Callie, in the firfl: Year of King cord. felon, and by divers other Impediments ; fo as Mills byBate' the faid Ships could not enter as they were ””1560?!“ wont, and as they ought. Wherefore he de- fired, that the Mayor of London, with the She- riffs, and other difcreet Aldermen, might be appointed to view the Courfe of the faid Wa- ter ; and that, by the Oaths of good Men, all the forefaid Hindrances might be removed, and it to be made as it was wont of old. Whereupon Roger le Brahazon, the Confiable of the Tower, mg” 1,. 3m,» with the Mayor and Sheriffs, were alligned to hazon. take with them honeil and difcreet Men, and to make diligent Search and Enquiry, how the {aid River was in oldTime,and thatthey leave nothing that may hurt or Prop it, but keep it in the fame Ef’tatethatitwaswont to be.” So far the Record. Whereupon it followed, that the faid River The Riverof was at that Time cleanfed, thefe Mills removed, ”I“? ”Egg! and C can e c Wherries.‘ River of the WEI/s. The Con. queror’s Charter to St. Martin’s.j' n n n 0- a ‘ a l‘ t o -‘ n l‘ :‘ made in the firll of King yohn. C an ‘ Chap. V. and other Things done for the Prefervation of the Courfe thereof; notwithf’randing never brought to the old Depth and Breadth: Whereupon the Name of Riverceafed, and it was fince called a Since calleda Brook, namely, Turnemill, or Trenzill Brook, for 3901“.” that divers Mills were eret‘ted upon it, as ap- umemt . . _ , BM, peareth by a fair Regil’ter Book, containing the RegiflerBook Foundation of the Priory at Clerkenwell, and Do- ofClerIme/l- nation of the Lands thereunto belonging; as alfo by divers others Records. Cleanfed a- This Brook hath been divers Times fince gm 15"" cleanfed, namely, and lait of all, to any Effeét, in the Year One thoufand five hundred and two, the {eventeenth of Henry VII, the whole Courfe 0f filfierjzlled Heebdilee, then f0 called, was, fcowered, I fay, 96’ “ I 2. down unto the Thames. So that Boats with Fifh .. and Fewel were rowed to Fleet-hridge and Hal- horn-hridge, as they of old Time had been accuf- tomed, which was a great Commodity to all the Inhabitants in that Part of the City. Fleet-52%: In the Year I 589, was granted a Fifteenth by a {filledftg Common-Council of the City, for the Cleanfing tfecnjg‘zy’ of this Brook, or Dike ; and the Money, amount- mugged, and ing to a thoufand Marks, was collected; and it the Citizens was undertaken, that, by drawing divers Springs decelved' about Hampflead-Heath into one Head and Courfe, both the City fhould be ferved of frefh Water in all Places of Want, and alfo, that by fuch a Fol- lower, as Men call it, the Channel of this Brook fliould be fcowered into the River of Thames. But, much Money being therein fpent, the Effeé‘t fail- ed; f0 that the Brook, by Means of continual Encroachments uponthe Banks, getting over the Water, and caf’ting of Soilage into the Stream, is now‘become wprfe cloyed [and choaked] than ever it was before. - The Running Water, f0 called by PVilliam the Conqueror in his faid Charter, which entereth the City, Ede. before there was any Ditch, between Bi/hopjgate and the late made Poltern, called Mooregate, entered the Wall, and was truly of the Wall called Walhrook, not of Gaalo, as fome have far fetched. It ran through the City, with divers Windings from the North towards the South, in- to. the River of Thames; and had, over the fame, divers Bridges along the Streets and Lanes through which it paffed. Ihave read in an old written Book, intituled, T he Cafloms of London, That the Prior of the holy Trinity within Ald- gate ought to make over W alhroole, in the Ward of Bread/freer, againi‘t the {tone Wall of the City, viz. the fame Bridge that is next the Church of ,All Saints at the Wall. Alfo, that the Prior of the new Hofpital, St. Mary Spinal, without Bi- jhopfgate, ought to make the middle Part of one other Bridge, next to the faid Bridge towards the North ; and that, in the 28th Year of Edward I, it was by Inquifition found before the Mayor of London, that the Parifh of St. Stephen upon Wal- hrook ought of right to fcower T the Courfe of the faid Brook ; and therefore the Sheriffs were commanded to dif’train the faid Parilhioners f0 to do. In the Year 1300, the Keepers of thofe Bridges, at that Time, were William 7ordan and yohn de Bever. This Water—Courfe, having divers Bridges, was afterwards vaulted over with Brick, and paved level with the Streets, and Lane, where through it pafi'ed -, and, fince that alfo, Houfes have been built thereon, fo that the Courfe of Walhrook is now hid under Ground, and thereby hardly known. Langhorne-Water, f0 called. of the Length thereof, was a great Stream of Water, breaking out of the Ground in Fenehareh—flreet, which ran down with a fwift Courfe, Weft, through that Street, thwart Grits/freer, and down Lomhard— fireet, to the welt End of St. Mary Wolnol‘h’s Church, and turning the Courfe South, Clown Walhroo/E. 'Bridges over W'alhraoh. 'f cover, in the firfi: Edi- tion. W alhrooh vaulted and paved over. Langhor'ne, Rivers, and other 'Waters, feming this City. ‘ Church, 25 Sharehorn-lane, f0 termed, of Sharing, or Divid-..Sherhorrze— mg, it brake into divers Rills, or Rillets, to the Jam. 1:1le of Thameis. Of this Borne that Ward took t e :ame, .an is to this Da called Lan hourn ,, 0 .Ward. This Rome is alfo fling lince {flipped Wa§3.urfl up at the Head, and the ref’t of the Courfe filled , uP,_ and paved over, fo that no Sign thereof re- maineth, more than the Names aforefaid. - Oldherne, or Holhorn, was the like Water, Olden-”5,. breaking out about the Place where now the Bars 'do itand, and it ran down the whole Street to Holhornhridge, and into the River of the Wells, or Tarnmill Brook. This Bourne was likewife, long fince, flopped up at the Head, and in other Places, where the fame hath broken out; but yet, till this Day, the faid Street is there called High- Holhorn-Hz‘ll, and both the Sides thereof, together with all the Grounds adjoining, that lie betwixt 1t and the River of 51' hames, remain full of Springs. So that Water is there found at Hand, and hard to be I’topped in every Houfe. “ There are, faith Fitz/lephen, near London, on Fitzflephen the north-.Side, fpecial Wells, in the Suburbs, 00““?ng fweet, wholfome, and clear, among which, Suhliiili: the Holy Well, Clark’s Well, and Clement’s Well, are ‘ mol’t famous, and frequented by Scholars and Youths of the City in fummer Evenings,- “ when they walk forth to take the Air.” , The Firlt, to wit, Holy Well, is much decayed, Holy Well. and fpoiled, with Filthinefs purpofely laid there, {plr the heightening of- the Ground for Garden OtS. - The Fountain called St. Clement’s Well, North Clerizent’s from the Parifh Church of St. Clement’s, and We//- I near unto an Inn of Chancery, called Clement’s- Inn, is yet fair, and curbed fquare with hard. Stone, and is always kept clean for common Ufe. It is always full, and never wanteth Water. The Third is called Clark’s Well, 0r Clerken- Clarh‘s W211. well, and is curbed about fquare with hard Stone; not far from the. wefi: End of this Clerkenwell without the Wall that inclofeth the Clerfm‘we” Church. The {aid Church took the Name of the Church: Well; and the Well took the Name of the Parifh ' Clerks in London, who, of old Time, were ac- cul’tomed there yearly to afl‘emble, and to play fome large Hifiory of Holy Scripture. For Ex- ample, of later Time, to wit, in the Year 1390, the 14th of Richard II, I read, that the Parifh Clerks of London, on the 18th of j’aly, played Interludes at Skinner’s Well, near unto Clarle’s Plays by the Well, which Play continued three Days together, P32511913“ the King, (been, and Nobles being prefent. Alfo, lye/[ml 5 in the Year 14.09, the 10th of Henry IV, they ' played a Play at the Skinner’s Well, which lai’ted Plays at the eight Days, and was of Matter from the Creation “We“ W?”- of the World ; there were to fee the fame the mofi Part of the Nobles and Gentiles in England, fife. Other fmaller Wells were many, near unto Clark’s Well, namely, Skinner’s Well, f0 called, grimy, for that the Skinners of London held there certain Well. Plays, yearly played 'of Holy Scripture, {9%. In Place whereof, the VVreI’tlings have, of later Wrel‘rling. Years, been kept, and are in Part continued at Bar- Place- tholomew-tide. Then was there Fag’s Well, near unto Smith-\Fgg’smn. field, by the Charter~hoafe, now lately dammed up. Tod’s Well, Loder’s Well, and Rad’s Well are all decayed, and f0 filled up, that their Places are hardly now difcerned. , Somewhat North from Holy Well is one other Dame Amy's Well, curbed fquare with Stone, and is called the Clea"- Dame Annis the Clear; and not far from it, but fomewhat Weft, is alfo another clear Water, call- ed Perilous Pond, becaufe divers Youths, by {Wim- ming therein, have been drowned. And thus much be laid for Fountains and Wells. ‘ . . Horfizpoole, in ‘Weylfmithfield, was_ fometime a Horfipoo/c. great Water § and, becaufe the Inhabitants, in Iaha: at a C 6‘ C 0 € 1‘ C a Book I. ' Little Conduit by the Stat/E’s Market, about I 500, Now, fince the Fire, a fair one. Conduit at Bi/hopfgate, about I 51 3. Conduit at London Wall, againfi: Coleman-firm, about 1528. Conduit at Aldgate without, about I 535. Water whereof comes from Hackney. Conduit in Lothhary, and in Coleman—fired, near 26 Rivers, and other Waters, flaming this City. Part of the City, did there water their Horfes, the fame was, in old Records, called Horfepoole. It is now much decayed, the Springs being flop- ped up; and the Land-water falling into the fmall Bottom, remaininginclofed with Brick, is but foul, and is called Smithfield~Pond. This, fince‘the Fire of London, is filled up. The Pool, by St. Giles’s Churchyard, was a The Pool without C7‘1'f’111€§“’3~ large Water. For, that it is read in the Year to the Church, 1546. 1244, that Anne of Ledhary was drowned therein. Conduit of Thames Water at Dowgate, 1568. This Pool is now, for the molt Part, ROpped Thefe Conduits ufed to be, in former Times, The Conduits up, but the Spring ispreferved, and was cooped vifited : And particularly, on the 18th of Sept. vifited by my about with Stone, by the Executors of Richard I562, the Lord Mayor [Harper] Aldermen, and Lord May“ Whittington. many worfhipful Perfons, and divers of the Maf- Later Sup- The laid River of the Wells, the running VVa- ters and Wardens of the twelve Companies, rid Plies Ofwa- ter of lValhrook, the Bourns aforenamed, and o« to the Conduit Heads for to fee them, after the MSS. Lon- ter. ther the frelh Waters that were in and about this old Cuf’tom: And, afore Dinner, they hunted don. Pens; the Hare, and killed her, and thence to Dinner at ’7‘" Patent, 1236. City, being, in Procefs of Time, by Encroach- ments for Buildings, and otherwife Heightenings of Grounds, utterly decayed, and the Number of Citizens mightily increafed, they were forced to feek fweet \Vaters abroad -, whereof fome, at the Requeft of King Henry III, in the 21d Year of his Reign, were, for the Profit of the City, and Good of the whole Realm thither repairing; to wit, for the Poor to drink, and the Rich to drefs their Meat, granted to the Citizens, and their Succeflbrs, by one Gilhert Sanford, with Liberty the Head of the Conduit.‘ There was a good Number, entertained with good Cheer by the Chamberlain. And, after Dinner, they went to Hunting the Fox. There was a great Cry for a Mile; and, at length, the Hounds killed him at the End of St. Giles’s. Great Hallowing at his Death, and Blowing of Horns: And thence the Lord Mayor, with all his Company, rode through London to his Place in Lomhard-flreet. From the River of Thames did the Citizens, in water fetch; 3:52:23; to convey Water, from the Town of Tyhnrn, by former Times, fupply themfelves with Water for ed from the 531mm, Iiipes of Lead into the City. , their Family Ufes; fetching it by the many Ame/r. Horn. And the firl‘t Ciflern of Lead, cal’tellated with Lanes that led to the Waterfide in divers Wards of dun. Great Con- Stone in the City of London, was called the Great the City. But, in Time, 'many of thefe Lanes duit in Wig/t Cheap.- . Conduit in Weft-Cheap, which was began to be built in the Year 1285, Henry Wales being then Mayor; the Water-Courfe, from Pd-ddington to were flopped up by thofe that dwelt thereabouts, for their own Gain, who would fuffer none to pafs without paying a Duty. This became a great water C°“' 7ames Hed, hath 510 Rods, from yames-Hed on Grievance, infomuch, that, in 17 Ed. III, the gizfnfigm the Hill to the Mewfgate 102 Rods; from the Mayor, Aldermen, and Commonalty, received London. Mew/gate to the Crofs in Cheap 484 Rods. great Complaints of Propping up thefe Lanes and TheConduits john Pope, Citizen and Barber, gave by his Paliages to the Thames. Upon this, an Inquifi- Eeglfl- 515- Will, dated lMay 11, 1437, to the Mayor, Cham- ution was made; and divers Perfons of the feve- . M? S berlain, and Commonalty of London, for ever, for 'ral Wards fworn to make diligent Enquiry into ' ' the Ufe and Reparation of the great Conduit, and thefe Grievances, and of all the Lanes that were the other Conduits in the City, his Tenement «common Paffages to the Thames. Who brought with the Appurtenances, which by Right de— in Prefentments of them, and of the Annoy- fcended to him] . ances and Stoppages of them in the feveral Tonne upon The Tonne upon Cornhill was cii’terned in the Wards. As, . ' Com/rill- Year 1401, ?‘ohn Chadworth then being Mayor. In Dovegate, or Dowgate Ward, Armenteres Lanes pre- Bofl‘es 0mg]. Boffes of Water at Billingflgate, by Paul’s Wharf, Lane. Here was a convenient Bridge, in Place {6“th in linfifgaée,{rand and by St. Giles’s Church without Cripplegate, whereof, one 7ohn We/lon had fet up a Cook’s 3:3?” 0t 81' 0 CS. - Standard in l/l/e/l Cheap. Conduits. made about the Year 1423. Water conveyed to the Gaols of Newgate and Ludgate, 1432. I Water procured to the Standard in We/i Cheap, abOut the Year 1431 -, which Standard was again new built by the Executors of 70hn Wells, as {hall be fhewn in another Place. King Henry VI, in the Year 1442, granted to yohn Hatherley, Mayor, Licence to take up 200 Fodder of Lead, for the Building of Conduits, of a common Granary, and of a new Crofs in Wdi Cheap, for the Honour of the City. The Conduit in Weft Cheap, by Paul’s Gate, commonly called, The Little Conduit, was built about the Year 1442., One thoufand Marks was granted by Common-Council for the Build- ing thereof, and Repairing of the other Conduits. This was repaired fince the Fire of London, but not finilhed. The Conduit in Aldermanhnry, and the Standard in Fleet/lreet, were made and finifhed by the Executors of Sir William Ea/tfield, in the Year 1471. A Ciltern alfo was added to the Standard in .Fleet-jlreet, and .a Cif’tern was made at Fleet- hridge, and another without Cripplegate, in the Year 14.78. , Conduit in Crash-met, in the Year 14.91. Conduit at Holhorn-crofs, about 14.98. new made by Mr. William Lamb, 1577. called Lamh’s~eondait. Again Hence Shep. Wei/lane, Bretajhlane in Ehhqate. Win-l degoflane, Co/ireflane. This was prefented without Stoppage. Grantham/lane, which was to bring and carry Bufoa Ea” Vina, i. e. Brufhwood and Wines in Carts from the Thames. Greenwiehlane,‘ which was, and is, without Impediment. Re- thereflane, Doweflgate. Here, they had made Buildings, confifiing of divers Houfes of Office ; - and Filth fell upon People by that Lane, to the Difgrace of the Commonalty. Hey Wharf, with- out Impediment. Elhowlane, Dahmerjlane, Rey- gateflane, Sathe/lane, Brodelane, Dorleingjlane. All thefe without Impediment. In Vintry Ward, Vinnie/lane, which led to a In I/z'tzl‘ly Co_ Ward. Bridge. Spiteleflane, without Impediment. uentrz’e/lane. Medelane. In Queenhith Ward, the Key called Qaeenhith, In Qgteenhith ’- in which was a common Way to a common Ward- ' akes. The fame Key was worth fix Marks, ‘ which William Fitz Rafe de Blithe took to himfelf. A Lane in St. Michael Queenhz‘th Repped. Another Lane called . The Key called Salt Wharf. A Bridge called Cauendre/hridge in Tim- hrehethe ; but one Rafe de Reines, Oyftermonger, took a Cui’tom of all Men and Women that waihed their Cloaths, or fetched Water there. Ratonjlane, in the aforefaid .Parilh; upon which Lane the Abbot of Lefnes made a Pale. Broke ”/harf, without Impediment. Another Lane- Pcopped. Lehleingzflane, lett to the King for 12 d. 1 ~ a Year. Chap... V. a Year. Which Renting was complained to be injurious to the Commonalty. Another Lane, between the Tenement of the Earl Martha], and Of Walter Glad'vyne -, and they fay that three Jakes were in that Lane, to the Noyance of the Com- monalty. A Lane called Fifh Wharf -, here one Simon de T winham took Cui’tom. ~ In Baynard-Caflle Ward : A Lane near the Pri- or of Oheharn leading to the Thames, wont to be common, fiopt by the Friars Preachers; but they believe to be done by the Commonalty, and did no Harm. The Prior of the Hofpital of St. .Ma- ry without Bzfiop/gate itopt up a Key with a Stone Wall at Eaft Watergate, which Gate occupied the Commons Land for three (Luarters of one Ell to- wards the Thames. St. Paul’s Key. Nicolas Tail- lour, Heymonger, Rentarias, i. e. Renter of [Wil- liam de Haghman‘, gathered there Qiartridges of Men that fetched Water.] In Baynard- Cayile Ward. ‘I homes Water Of later Times, Thames Water was conveyed conveyedinto into Men’s Houfes by Pipes of Lead, from a moi’t Men’s Houfes , artificial Forcer, fianding near unto London— Bridge, and made by Peter Morrice, Dutchman, in in the call £ii;.0fthe the Year 1 582, for the Service of the City on the cafe Part thereof. The fin! It is done by a Mill, and was the firit W ater- 7/7””? W9“ work that was made to fupply the City with m M’n' Thames Water 5 and there it remained till of late, :7. S. being in the PofTeHion of one Mr. Morrice, whofe Ancei’tor firi‘t fet it up in-Qieen Eli/aheth’s Days, and left thereby a confiderable Benefit to his Fa- mily. This Water-mill furniihed the neighbour Parts of the City as far as Gracecharch—jtreet. It was obferved, that the Water, conveyed into Houfes by this Mill, did fooner become fine and clear than the New River Water, and was ever a clearer Wa— ter, as Mr. Charles Hopton that was chief Clerk there hath told me.] Conduits in Conduits of Thames Water by the Parifh Old Fi/ - Churches of St. Mary Magdalen and St. Nicholas fl'm' Coleahhey, near unto Old Fi/hflreet, in the Year I 58 3. 97mm, Wa- One other new F orcer was made near to Bro— ter conveyed into the well Part of the hen Wharf, to convey Thames Water into Men’s Houfes of Weft Cheap, about St. Paul’s, Fleet- fireet, &c. by an Engli/h Gentleman, named Bean's City. Bnlman, in the Year 1594.. Another Conduit was alfo built at Alderfgate, A. M without the Gate, flnno 1610, and Thames Water conveyed unto it in Pipes of Wood and Stone, by an Engli/h Gentleman, named Mr. Thomas Hayes. This was loft fince the Fire. ‘ New River Next to the Conduit Water thus conveyed to Water. Alderfigate, and as you have already heard, that famous, and, never to be forgotten, new River, brought from Chadwell and flmwell, by the only Care, Coi’t, and liberal Expences of one worthy , SirHugth— Man, Sir Hugh Adiddleton, Knight and Baronet, ”m”- Citizen and Goldfmith of London, deferveth to be recorded in everlaiting Memory. . I fpare here to fpeak of the Length of Time that fuch an Intent was in talking on ; like much good Matter well motioned, though little minded, long debated, but never concluded ; till Courage and Refolution lovingly fhook Hands together, as it appears it did in the Soul of this, no Way to be daunted, well—minded Gentleman. MalignantE- For, if thofe Enemies to all good Endeavours, “mics ‘0 3“ Danger, Difficulty, Impofiibility, Detraéhon, hone“ and 1 Contempt, Scorn, Derifion, yea, and defperate X’S‘K’dabe Defpite, could have prevailed by their accurfed ' and malevolent Interpofition, either before, at the Beginning, in the very Birth of proceeding, or in the leaf: ftolen Advantage of the whole Pro— fecution 5 this Work of to great Worth had ne- ver been accompliihed. ' Aflsfor , I am not ignorant of an Aft of Parliament, b'i"gi“gwa‘ granted by Qieen Eli/aheth of bleffed Memory, ter into the City without Efi'eét- to her Citizens of London, for cutting and con- The 17V afers [Evening this City.- ’ The New River. 'Monmoath Caps, all alike, carried Spades, Sho- 7- 7 vveying a River from an Part of iddle ex, or . Hertfordfloire, to the Cityyof Landonfiwwitli/a Li- mitation of ten Years Time for the Performance thereof : But the Expiration of her Royal Life fooner came, than any fuch Matter would be un- dertaken. ‘ , - Alfo our late gracious Sovereign King 7ames pleafed to grant the like Aé‘t, but without any Date of Time, for the fame Eifeét : And, when all elfe refufed, Mr. .Middleton undertook it, to bring his intended River from Chadwell and Am- well, to the north Side of London, near Mington, where he built a large Cif’tern to receive it. The Work began the 20th Day of Fehraary, {inno Dom. 1608, and in five Years Space was fully accompliihed. Concerning the Conveyance of it along to London, from Chadwell and Almwell, I myfelf, by Favour of the Gentlemen, did di— vers Times ride to fee it, and diligently obferved, that admirable Art, Pains, and Indui’try were he— i’towed for the PaiTage of it, by Reafon that all Grounds are not of a like Nature, fome being cozy and very muddy, others again as fiiif, crag— gy, and i’tony. The Depth of the Trench, in fome Places, defcended full thirty Feet, if not more; where- as, in other Places, it required as fprightful Art again, to mount it over a Valley in a Trough, between a Couple of Hills, and the Trough all the While borne. up by wooden Arches, fome of them fixed in the Ground very deep, and rifing in Heighth above twenty-three Fee . _ ' Being brought to the intended Cifiern, but not, as yet,‘ the Water admitted Entrance thereinto , on .Michaelmas Day, Anne 1613, being the Day when Sir Thomas Adiddleton, Knight, .Brother to the {aid Sir Hugh .Middleton, was, eleéted Lord Mayor of London for the Year enfuing: In the Afternoon of the fame Day, Sir j‘ohn Swinnerton, Knt. and Lord Mayor of London, accompanied with the faid Sir Thomas, Sir Henry Moantagae, Knt. and Recorder of London, and many of the worthy Aldermen, rode to fee the Ciitern, and firi’t Ifl'u- ing of the River thereinto -, which was performed in this Manner : . A Troop of Labourers, to the Number of Six-; The VVork— ty, or more, well apparelled, and wearing green, 21%;: the l . When the Work began at firil. 'Finilhed in ' five Years. The ingenic ous Convey- ing of the Riverin fame Places. The Lord Mayor and Aldermen rode to fee the Cifiern. vels, Pick—axes, and fuch-like Ini’truments of la- borious Employment, marching after Drums twice or thrice about the Cii’tern, prefented them- felves before the Mount, Where the Lord Mayor, Aldermen, and a worthy Company befide, f’cood to behold them ; and one Man, in-Behalf of all. the rei’t, delivered this Speech : ' The Speech at the Ciflern, according as it was deli? vered to me. ONG have we labour’d, long defir’d and pray’d _ For this great Work’s Pefeé‘tion ; and by th’ Aid Of Heaven, and good Men’s W ifhes, ’tis at length Happily conquer’d by Coi’t, Art, and Strength. And after five Years dear Expence in Days, Travail and Pains, befide the infinite W ays Of Malice,- Envy, falfe Suggei’tions, Able to daunt the Spirits of mighty ones . In Wealth and Courage ; this, a Work in rare, _ Only by one Man’s Indui’try, Coi’t, and Care, Is brought to blei’t Effec‘t, f0 much withi’tood; His only Aim, the City’s general Good. . And where, before, many unjuf’t Complaints, Envioufly feated, caufed oft 'Reitraints, Stops, and great CroiTes, to our Mai’cer’s Charge, And the Work’s Hind’rance 3 Favour now at. large Spreads itfelf open to him, and commends To Admiration both his Pains and Ends : H The 28 _ The King’s molt gracious Love. draw-s F avou'r from Princes, and, from all, Applaufe. Then worthy Magiltrates, to whofe Content, Next to the State, all this great Care was bent, And for the public Good, which Grate-requires, Your Loves and F uttherance chiefly he defires, To cheriih thefe Proceedings, which may give Courage to fome that may hereafter live, To praétife Deeds of Goodnefs, and of Fame, ‘And gladly light their Aétions by his Name. Clerk of the \Vork, reach me the Book to lhow, How many Arts from fuch a Labour flow. Perfeétion "fadefihinthe An ancient Soldier, and an Artizan. Clerk 530“" The Clerk, next him, Mathematician; ‘The Mailer 0f the Timber—work takes place Next after thefe ;’ the Meafurer, in like Cafe, Bricklayer and Engineer; and, after thofe, The Borer and the Paviour. Then it fhows The Labourers next, Keeper of Amwell—hedd, The‘ Walkers lal’t, f0 all their Names are read. Yet thefe but Parcels 0f fix-hundred more, That, at one Time, have been employ’d before. Yet thefe in Sight, and all the ref‘t will fay, . That all the Week they had their Royal Pay. At the letting Now, for the Fruits then : Flow forth, precious] open of the Spring, | 5“” 51 dd 1f ohf d b'o> o ong an ear y oub t or, an now I'll'lo Comfort to all that love thee : Loudly ling, J And with th'ycryfl'al Murmurs ltruck together, Bid all thy true VVell-wilhers welcome hither. All this he Firft, Here’s the Overfeer, this .try’d Man, i At which Words the Floodgates flew open, the Stream ran gallantly into the Cifiern, Drums and Trumpets founding in triumphal -Manner, and a brave Peal of Chambers gave full IITue to the intended Entertainment] ' r This new River is of general Good to ~ this great City; ferving about 3000 Houfes (now rather 30000) three Days every Week. The firl’t Undertaker, as was laid before, was Sir Hugh Mddleton, who for five Years carried it on at an exceflive Charge, employing fever‘al hundred Men to cut and make the River from the Spring-Heads of Amwell and Chadwell, near Ware, in Hartford- _/hz're, unto the Ciftem-Head at Iflz'ngton, which, in. a winding Courfe, is about fixty Miles. And, from the {aid Ciftern, the Water is difperfed in large wooden Pipes into mof’t Streets, and from them leaden Pipes are fixed, to convey the Water into the Houf‘es of fuch as become Tenants to the Company, or Proprietors. ' And, for the better Management of this great Undertaking, the Sharers do eleét certain of them, as a Committee, to manage Afi‘airs every Week, at their Office by Brokenwhdrf, in London, as well to grant Leafes, appoint Officers, as to hear Grie- vances, and to take Care about the Mending of the Pipes] But, before this New River Water was thus brought for the Supply of the City, the Projeft— ing for the Conveniency of Water from the north Side of the City was not out of the Heads of the 7' '3' Citizens. For about the Year Fifteen-hundred MSS.pmeme. eighty and odd, as I conceive it, there was one Ruflel, who propounded to bring Iftelworth, viz. the River of Uxhridge,‘ to the faid north Side of London. And that, by ~a gebmetrical Infirument, he propounded this Invention in Writing to the Lord Burghley; whom he told in his Paper, that R. 1'9. Delign of bringing Mel- ‘warth to Lon- don. he moved this, not by Skill of Art or Learning, ‘ which he did not profefs, but only by an afl'ured and infallibly grounded ~Con-fideration, taken by the Difference of the Heighth of the faid Ux- bridge River at/the Place or Head appointed, and the River of Thamerright below the fame towards 3 Waters fervz'ng this City, S Thames Water, &e. , Book I. Laldm. Which was, he faid, to be compared to the Difference between the upper End of Holhorn; ' which was a Point of the new Water, and the Thames right againi’t it below the Strand ; which», ' Thing rightly noted, did Ihew the eafy Poffibili- ty, and fufficient Current to that Place with dif- creet Leading -, for that the Country lay well for that Purpofe; yet very dark, and feeming hard to all, that took not with them the Confideration aforefaid: “ So, added he, it hath pleafed God “ to bei’tow this Blefling, and to appoint me an “ Inftrument in a Time bef’t pleafing unto his ‘ Will : Shewing, that in all Ages neither Power, ‘ W ifdom, Learning, or Strength, can perform “ an Aé‘t, until the appointed Time, and the In- “ firument to effeét it.’ ' This Projeét the laid Lord Burg/ole} was f0 pleafed with, that he, in Rnflel’s Paper, drew with his own Hand the River and the Town adé a n jacent, defcribing the River [/lleworth, and ano— ther River, how they fell into Uxhrz'dge River, and how that run by St. Giles. Let me add, moreover, in this Place, the Men- An Italian tion of an Italian, named Frederic/e Genehellz' ; that PTOPounds an propounded an Invention t0 the abovefaid Lord, gfguigwen‘ for Vv’ater—works for London, A'nno 1591, which ter for thea- fhould benefit the City two Ways. F iri’c, to City. cleanfe the filthy Ditches in and about the City -, fuch as Hound/ditch, Fleetditch, &c. and to bring, in the Room of this Filth, Plenty of wholefome clear Water, for the Ufe of the Inhabitants. And, fecondly, to be an Expedient for the fpee- diet and more elfeétual Qienching of Houfes on Fire. Whereby twenty-five or thirty Perfons lhould do more than Three-hundred otherwife. And this the faid Italian prayed the Lord Burgh- lcjy to make known to the (ltfleen on his Behalf. At prefent, the Supply 0 London with good The prefent Thames Water is like to be very much enlarged SQPPIYPfth' by the great Improvement of the Waterworks of gziymzlafil’ Peter Morrlee, beforementioned; who being an ten 196,. High Dutchman, in the 23d of (Lueen Elifdheth, Mom'a. firft gave Allurance of his Skill in railing the T heme: Water f0 high as {hould fupply the up- per Parts of London. For the Mayor and Alder-_ men came down to obferve the Experiment, and they faw him throw the Water over St. Magnns’s Steeple. Before which Time, no fuch Thing was known in England, as this Railing of Water. VVhereupon the City let Marriee a Leafe for five- hundred Years, of the Ufe of the Thames Writer, and the Place where his Mills flood, and of one of the Arches of London—Bridge, paying ten Shil~ lings into the Chamber of London, as an Acknow- ledgment. T wo Years after, the City let him another Leafe, wherein they granted him the fame Term of five-hundred Years, and another, that is, the fecond Arch of the Bridge; feeing him f0 well perform what he undertook in the F irit, as that Leafe fpecified. ‘ This Leafe, and the Bufinefs and Benefit there- of, hath continued in the Family of the Marni-eds Morrire for till .Mz'ehezelmd: 1701 -, when the prefent Owner- 36:13:”ng to perceiving how the New River undermined him, and impaired his Profits, he agreed to fell all his. Right and Title to Richard Seams, Citizen and Goldfmith of London, for the Sum of 38000 I. But, Seams forefeeing that he fhould have Need of another Arch for more Water, Morriee, the bet- ter to enable Seems to go through with this great Bargain, petitioned the City for another Arch, to raife more Water. Hereupon there were feveral Committees appointed to examine, whether the granting the fourth Arch, for the Third belong— ed to a VVarfinger, would not incommode, and be a Stoppage to the River. But they brought in their Report, that it would be no Damage to let the fourth Arch go to this Ufe. And it was granted Char/e: Hap; I071. The Leafe of Scams. Chap. - Mariboue Wa- .ter. V. granted to Morriee; and he added his whole In- terefl: in this Grant of the fourth Arch to Soums’s . Bargain. Thus having gotten through with Morrioe, he took a Leafe of the City at twenty Shillings, and 300 I. F me, for fo much Time as was unexpired of the five-hundred Years granted to Morriee. And, now 80am: hath divided the Propriety of this Leafe into three-hundred Shares, and made it a Company; the Price of each Share being fet at 500 l. and fo the Profits to be divided. It hath a good Profpeet of turning to Account, and to gain upon the New River, having fo'me Advantages of that Water. There is another Water for the Supply of the City, called Marlboue Water, becauie it comes. from M'arz'boue -, and feveral other Conduit VVa- ters there‘ be, which the City let to certain Per~ - fons, at 700 l. a Year, and 5650 l. Fine, and a Year’s Rent aforehand. It was let prefently af— ter the Orphans Act was obtained. Thefe LefTees had made a very hard Bargain for themfelves, and my Lord-keeper difcharged them of it. Now the City hath let all thefe Conduit Waters to the be- forefaid Soamr, at the former Rent of 700 l. per Ame. Tax—free. And f0 he hath within himfelf and his Partners all the Waters that fupply the Supply of Water for Scat/aware. Excellent Springs with— in the City. Benefafiors, towards the Water-Con- duits. City, except the New River. In this Leafe alfo, the City hath referved to themfelves the Propor- tion of five Tons an Hour of the faid Conduit Water, for the Ufe of the Prifons and Counters, and other public Places. Though it hath been- thought by fome, that all the Water of thofe Conduits would hardly afi‘brd it) much. Let it be added, that Soutb’wark might alfo be well fupplied with this neceiTary Thing, Water, and that the City might withal be good Huf— bands for themfelves, to raife their Revenue as much as they could; they revived an old Aét of Parliament, whereby the City had Power to have Water on all Sides of London, for five Miles a— bout, to bring a Supply thereof to the City. So on Soutbwarle Side, for the furnilhing that Bo— rough with good Water, fome Gentlemen took a Leafe of the City for Waters arifing that Way, at 5501. Fine, and 2 50 l. a Year. But, after all their Pains, they could find no ~Water fuflicient for their Purpofe that Way, and fo the Lord— Keeper difcharged them upon their Inability. Soutbwarlz ufeth chiefly the Water of the Tbames, that falls into a great Pond in St. Mary Overz‘es, that drives a Mill, called St. Saviour’s Mill. The Owner whereof is one Mr. Gal/lore 5 the Revenue thereof is fuppofed by fome to be worth 1300 l. a Year. Befides thefe Waters brought .into the City from Abroad, it affords Abundance of excellent Springs every—where within itfelf -, the Waters whereof are much commended ; particularly the Pump at St. Martin’s Ouiwieb Church, the Pump near St. flutboliu’s Church, the Pump in St. Paul’s Church-yard, the Pump in Cbrifl’s Hofpital ; at all which Places, and others, are iron DlthS hang- ing for the Ufe of Strangers to drink in. There are alfo many good Springs in the Lanes afcend- ing from TbameJ—flreetj Thus much for Waters ferving this City -, firft, by Rivers, Brooks, Bourns, Fountains, Pools, 8e. And fince by Conduits, partly made by good and charitable Citizens, and otherwife by Charges of the Commonalty; as {hall be more amply lhewed in our Defcription of the "Wards wherein they are placed. And now fome Benefaétors to thefe Conduits {hall be remembered. In the Year 12 36, certain Merchant Strangers, of Cities beyond the Seas, to wit, of fludeus, Corby, and Nele, for Privileges which they enjoy— ed in this City, gave 100 l. towards the Charges Waters feral/lg Ibis City Conduit Water. of conveying Water from the Town of T e borne Robert Large, Mayor, 14.39, gave to tile new Water-Conduits, then in Hand, 40 Marks 9 and towards the-Vaultincr over of Walbroke, near to the Parifli Church OFSt. Margaret’s,» inLorbbur‘g; 2-oo Marks. ‘ _ . .‘ ._ ’ Sir Mllz'am Eaflfield, Mayor, 1438,:conveyed Water from ‘Tey‘borue, t0 Fleet-fired, Where he be- gan a Conduit, and to Aldermaubury, and from “‘ Hzg/otory to‘ Creplegate. . I i ‘ i ’ PVilliamCombes, Sheriff, 144’1, ave to th W "r1 of the Conduits 101. g e 0 C 29 * Hig/Jbflit firfi Edit. Rio/yard Rawfou, one of the Sheriff's, 14.76, gave 20 l. IO l. 701m Mal/yew, Mayor, 1490, gave 20 l. William Burke, Taylor, in the Year 14.94, to- wards Repairing of Conduits, gave 100 Marks. Dame Tbomu/z‘u, Widow, late Wife to Sir 70bit Perez'vall, Merchant-Taylor, Mayor, in the Year 1498, gave, toward the Conduit in Oldborne, 20 Marks. Rickard Sbore, one of the Sheriffs, 1505, gave to the Conduit in Oldborue 10 l. .4 The Lady flfeue, Widow to Sir Cbrl/lopber Alf— eue, 1543, gave, towards the Conduits, 106 l. ' Da‘vz'd lVoodroofe, Sherifi, 1554., gave, toward the Conduit at Bl/bop'Q‘az‘e, 20 l. ' , ‘ Edward yackraau, one of the Sheriffs, I 564, gave, towards the Conduits, 100 l. ' ‘ Bernard Raudulpb, common .Serjeant of the City, I 583, gave to the Water-Conduits 900 l. ’ Thus much for the Conduits of freih Water to_ this City. . ' - ’ . ' How ibis vafl and populous City of London, wit/9‘ it: Suburbs, is [applied wit/9 Water. Of the forementioned Conduits of frefli Water that ferve the City, the greater Part of them do flill continue, where firl’t erected; but f0me, by Reafon of the great Qiantity of Ground they took up, fianding in the Midft of the principal and high Streets of the City, were a great Hinderance‘ not only to Foot Pafl'engers, . but to Porters, Coaches, and Cars -, and therefore thought fit to Robert Revel, one of the Sheriffs, 1490, gave A W' hat Con— duits taken away fince the Fire; . and what kill in being.. > R. B. be taken down, and to be removed to Places more . convenient, and not of that Refort of People 3 f0 that the Water is {till the fame. The Conduits taken away and removed with their Ciflterns, are, ‘ , ' The great Conduit at the call End of Cbeap- fide. The great Conduit called the Tun in Corubz'll.‘ The Standard in Cbeapflde. The little Conduit at the Wed: End ofbeeap- fide. . The Conduit in Fleet/bred. The great Conduit in Grace-Cbureb—flreet. The fmall Conduit in the Stocks-market. The Conduit at Dowgate. The ref’t of the Conduits beforementioned, are Ptill remaining. So that, what with the Spring- water coming from the feveral Spring—Heads through the Streets of the City to thefe Cil’terns, the New River Water from Cbadwell and A’mwell, and the “Noumea Water raifed by feveral Engines, or Water—houfes -, there is not a Street in Landau, but oneor other of thefe Waters runs through it in Pipes, conveyed under Ground ; and from thofe Pipes there is fcarce a Houfe, whole Rent is 15 Or zol. per A'mz. but hath the Convenience “of Water brought into it, by fmall leaden Pipes laid into the great ones. And for the fmaller Te- nements, fuch as are in Courts and Alleys, there is generally a Cock, or Pump, common to the Inhabitants; fo that I may boldly fay, there is never a City in the World that is {0 well ferved With Water-] C H A P ' The River of Thames. Book , I CHAP. VI. 0f the ancient and famous River of Thames. W hence it deriveth her Head or Original, and fl conveyeth it/eif on to the City’s Service ; heing fuppli— ed h} divers other fiveet Rivers in her Cour/e. I is Tides and Overflowings. OU have already heard what Rivers, Brooks, Bourns, Pools, and Conduits of frefh Wa- ter have liberally afforded, out (if their Plenty, mofl: commodious Help for the Service of f0 great The River of a City : And yet the River of Thames, much ”amiaChief more famous than all the ref’t, yielding, by For- Efiazufifle cers, Conduits, and other Means of Conveyance, and efpecial: inefiimable Benefit to the City,’ we have faid little ly to the City or nothing of her due Worth, neither of her An- °fLm1M~ tiquity, Courfe, and Original -, all which deferve, A. M. to be more efpecially refpet‘ted. According, there— fore, to the Advice of very wife‘ and learned Judgments, and borrowing fuch Helps as they have gladly lent me, I will begin with the Head or Spring of this famous River, and fhew how it glideth along in Current until it come to embrace the Bofom of the Sea, and there to take up her Entertainment in its liquid Arms. The Head or Giving Credit to fuch Men’s Writings, as have Beginning .05 of fet Purpofe fought out the Spring of the Thames, 21:31:: it is faithfully affirmed, That this famous Stream Side of,“ hath her Head, or Beginning, out of the Side of Hill in Gay‘— an Hill, (landing in the Plains of Cot/wold, in $154 near ‘0 Gloueefleryhire, about a Mile from Tethury, in the a ”'1' fame County, near unto the Fofle, an Highway f0 called of old, where it was fome Time named Ifir, or the [/ir, or the Cafe; although divers do, ignorant- 0"/" ly, call it Thames even there, rather of a foolifh Cufiom than any Skill ; becaufe they either neg- leét, or are utterly ignorant, how it was named at the firf’t. From hence it runneth direétly to.- wards the Bait, as all good Rivers fhould do, The Gm. and meeteth with the Cirne, or Churne, a Brook, :ffid CW“ called in Latin Corinium; whereof Cireno‘q/fer Town ' in Gloueefler/hire, by which it cometh, doth take the Denomination, in moft Opinions. Creeh/ade, From hence it hafieth unto Creeklaa’e, alias £65144;- _d Crekanford, Leehlade, Radcote-Bridge, Newhridge, N61533:: a; g" and E‘vefham, in Woreefler/hire, receiving by the Eve/ham. ’ Way an infinite Sort of fmall Streams, Brooks, Becks, Waters, and Rundels; and here, on this Side of the T0wn, divideth itfelfinto two Courfes, of which one goeth f’craight to Botley and (Hiale- fey, in Berkfliire; the other pafl'eth by God/tow, in Oxford/hire, a Village not far off. This latter fpreadeth' itfelf alfo, for a While, into fundry fmaller Branches, which run not far, before they be Ire-united ; and then, beclipping fundry pleafant Oxfim’, 0’ Meadows, it paITeth at length by Oxford, of fome 232ng file fuppofed rather. to be called Oufiford, of this Ri- River. c/W. ver, where it meeteth with the Char-well. A lit— well- tle from whence the original Branches do join, and Ahhaadune, or go together by flhhandune, alias Sen/ham, or flh- ”Hwy” hington, as we call it, although no Part of it, at , the firl’r, came fo near the Town as it now doth, ffgih‘zrgzin till a Branch thereof was led thither from the main Stream was Stream, through the lnduf’try of the Monks, as, brought chi- befide the Tef’timony of old Records thereof, yet the” Whid‘ extant to be feen, by the Decay of Cair Dour, $253223: now Dorehej/ier itfelf, fometime the Thoroughfare 4%, and Cu— from Wales, and the weft Country, unto London, 1ingha7n. Cair which enfued upon this F aft, is eafy to be feen. D0”, 0”" From hence it goeth to Dorehefler, in Der/et- cheyier. . . . . WWI-tam» flozre, and f0 unto Thame, 1n Oxford/hire, where ford. joining with a River of the fame Denomination, Thame/ir at Theme, and f f d. . 13,531,” IS called Thoma/is, all along as it pafi'eth. From time Pentium. Thame it goeth to Wallingford, in Berk/hire, and fo to Reading in the fame‘County; which, _in Time 3 it lofeth the Name of Mr, or Oufe, whereof Ou- j_'ennie at Oxford is produced, and from thence pafi, of the Number of Bridges there, was called Pentium. Albeit that the Engli/h Name doth ra- ther proceed from Rhee, or Ree, the Saxon Word for a W ater-courfe or River -, which may be feen in Overee, or Suthree, or Surrey, for over the Ree, St. Mary over or South of the Ree, as to the Skilful doth r‘eadi- Rh”- ly appear. Yet fome hold, and not altogether againl’t Probability and Likelihood, that the Word Sathree is to called of Sudrije, to wit, the fouth Sit/rye, the Kingdom, whereunto, in Part, the Thames is a {Ou‘h King- Bound. But that holdeth not in Denomination, om' either of the faid Church, or Name of the forefaid County. Others aflirm, likewife, that Reading is fo called of the Greek Word, p‘a’w, Reo, which is to bake/tug, overflow. to overflow. Surely, as neither of thefe Conjeé‘tures are to be contemned, fo the laf’t cometh mof’t near‘to mine Aid, who affirm, that not only the Courfe of every Water itfelf, but alfo its Overflowing, was, in Times pafi, called Rhee, by fuch Saxons The Saxon as inhabited this Ifland. - And, even to this Day, Name to in Eflex I have oft obferved, that, when the lower 2223;313:332; Grounds, by Rage of Waters, have been over- flow, flown, the People beholding the fame have faid, flit is on a Rhee ; as if they would have faid, All Allis on a is now a RiVer. Albeit the Word River is deri- mm” Ail is ved from the French, and borrowed by them from now aRmr" the Latin: -, but not without Corruption, as it was‘ brought to them. I will not here give Notice how far they are deceived, which call the 'aforefaid Church by the Name of St. Mary Auderies, or St. Mary over Ifi, or Mr. the Courfe of this noble Stream ; which, howfo- deri€J,St-Ma- ever thefe Matters hand, it hath pafl'ed by Read- 2; 3:“ If" ing, and there received the Kenet, which cometh 19m: from the Hills that lie VVef’t of Marlhorough and Wilts, and then the Thetir, commonly called the Theti: coming Tide, that» cometh from Thetirford; It hieth from 71’5”.“ thence to Sudlinton, otherwife called Maidenhead, in {5%, to”. Berks, and fo to Windlejhore, or W'zndfore, Eaton, Maidenhead. and then to Chertfey, in Surry, Where Er/eenwald, Wind/#110”- Bilhop of London, fometime built a religious Houfe, fifm”, cm" or Cell, as I do read. )' From Chertfly it hafteth dii‘eétly unto Stones, Starter, Cole, and receiving another Stream by the Way, called CQ/é’hmhe, the Cole, whereupon CoZehroo/Ee fiandeth, it go- figs/Iggy eth by (Weyhridge, where Guildford River falleth B},,,,},,d,’ in, thence to Shepperton, Walton upon Thames, Sun- Bregemfira, hury, Hampton-Town, and‘Cour!) King/ion, called 3mm” 3’3”“ King/ion upon Thames, Shene, Sion, Brentford, or ' Bregentford, where it meeteth with the Brane, or the Brene,‘ another Brook dcfcending from Edge- worth. Upon this Brook alfo Sir 7ohn Thinne had fometime a fumptuous and fiately Houfe, with a marvellous Provifion to inclofe and retain fuch Mart/mt, Fifli as fhould come about the fame. From Brent- Filmer, Fu1~ ford it palieth by Mortla/ee, Putney, Fulham, Bat- Ef’cgflzf' terfiy, Chelfiy, Lanzheth, and f0 to London. Lumber/J, Our famous River being thus brought to Lon. London. den, and hailing on apace to meet with Oceanus, (””37“ be" her amorous Hufband, the firf‘t Water that it then inazrfinm’ meeteth withal, is the Brome on Kent Side, wef’t of 19mm 0,19,, Greenwich, whofe Head is Bromir, in Bromley Pa- §idu rilh ; and, going thence to Lew/ham, it ‘taketh in a. "”77”” Water from the Bad, and fodireéleth its Courfe forth right unto the Themes. The next Water that it meeteth withal is on the Efléx Side, almoi’t againfi Wooirwieh, and that W0”/‘u‘i‘l’»L" . - 3- - or Lay, on Ef- IS the Lee, or Ley. And, being pail: that, the Dem fix Slde. went alfo meeteth with our Thames on Kent Side, bdrm,“ on two Kent Side. / ButI will proceed with St. Mary Au. ‘ Chap} The Wan}; Illes. Method}. Commodities of this noble River. The Length of the Thames, from the Head to the Fall into the Sea. An honoura- ble Affirmati- on of the Ki; ver of Tbamer. Palitian in Lib. 8. Ejag'fl. Epifi. 6. VI. two Miles and more beneath Erin}, it‘ rifinov at Tunbridge. The next River that falleth intobthe Thames, is Weft of the Wany Ifles, a Rill of no great Fame, neither long Cou’rfe -, for, rifinor a- bout Coringlmm, it runneth not many Miles Eai’t and bySouth, till it falls into the Mouth of this River which I do now defcribe. Lal’t of all, we come to the Medwny, a notable River, in my Opinion, watering all the fouth and fouth-wel’t Parts of Kent ; in whofe Defcription we cannot, at this Time, proceed any further. Having in this Manner briefly touched this noble River, and fuch Brooks as fall into the fame; I will infert a Word or two concerning the Commodities of the faid River, which I will perform with as much Brevity as is pollible; hereby alfo finding out her whole Tract and Courfe from the Head to the Fall thereof into the Sea. It appeareth evidently, that the Length thereof is, at the leaf’t, an hundred and eighty Miles, if it be meafured by the Journies of the Land. And as it is, of Courfe, the longeft of the three famous Rivers of this Ifle 5 f0 it is nothing inferior to them in Abundance of all Kind of Fifh. Whereof it is hard to fay, which of the Three have either molt Plenty, or greatef’t Varie— ty, if the Circumfiances be duly weighed. What fome others write concerning the Rivers of their Countries, it fkilleth not, neither will I, as divers do, invent I’trange Things of this noble Stream, therewith to nobilitate, and make it more honourable ; but this will I in plain Te'rms affirm, that it neither fwalloweth up Baftards of the Celti/b Brood, nor calteth up the right-begot- ten that are thrown in, without Hurt, into their Mother’s Lap, as Poliiian fableth of the Rhine, Epi/t‘olnrnm Lib. 8. Epift. 6. nor yieldeth Clots of Gold, as the Tagn: doth -, but an infinite Plen- ' ty of excellent, fweet, and pleafant Fifh, where- The great Plenty of fat and fwcet Salmons ta- ‘ken in the .Tbanze: daily. The Spoil and Havock of covetous Fifliermen. Carps, a F ilh late brought into England, and later into the ‘Tbanm. The River choaked up with Sands and Shelves in many Places, a Matter much pitied , and re- quiring Re. drefs. with fuch as inhabit near to her Banks, are fed and fully nouriflied. What fhould I fpeak of the fat and fweet Sal-‘ mons daily taken in this Stream, and that in fuch Plenty, after the Time of the Smelt is pail, as no River in Europe is able to exceed it ? But what Store alfo of Barbels, Trouts, Chevins, Pearches, Smelts, Breams, Roaches, Daces, Gudgeons, Flounders, Shrimps, Eels, {9°C. are commonly to be had therein, I refer me to them that know by Experience better than I, by Reafon of their dai- ly Trade of F ifhing in the fame. And albeit it feemeth from Time to Time to be, as it were, defrauded, in fundry wife, of thefe her large Com- modities, by the infatiable Avarice of F ifher-‘ men; yet this famous River complaineth com— monly of no Want -, but the more it lofeth at one Time, the more it yieldeth at another. Only in Carps it feemeth to be fcant, fince, not IOng fince, that Kind of Fil’h was brought over into England, and but of late, to fpeak of, into this Stream, by the violent Rage of Land Floods, that break open the Heads and Dams of divers Gentlemen’s Ponds, by which Means it became fomewhat Partaker al’fo of this faid Commodity, whereof, before, it had no Portion that I could ever hear. Oh! that this worthy River might be fpared but one Year from Nets, 6c. but alas! then Ihould many a poor Man be undone. In the mean Time, it is lamentable to fee, how it is, and hath been, choaked of late with Sands and Shelves, by the penning and wrefting of the Courfe of the Water for Commodities Sake. But as this is an Inconveniency eafily remedied, if good Order were taken for the Redrefs thereof ', fo now the Fine 0r Pay fet upon the Ballalt, fometimes'free- 1y given to the Merchants by Patent, even to the Land’s End, ,jnfqnes anpoinfi, will be another Caufe of Harm to this noble Stream; and all through the Advantage taken at the Want of an 777.,» River of Thames. 3 I (2') in the Werd panel, which drew ' ‘ an Error committed by an EnEZi/b I‘lbliggghuifi ' {kiltul in‘ the Freneb Tongue, wherein tha’t Pa- tenlg was granted. ,, urt iermore, the'faid River floweth and fille '. all her Channels twice in the Day and Nighil: Elfulilzireih thatns, in every twelve Hours onCe; and‘this flowe‘h eve‘Y Ebbing and Flowing holdeth on for the Space of 12 Hours’ for feventy Miles within the main Land, the Stream iiie gelnwgih or Tide being always highel’t at Londan when 7 165‘ the Moon doth exaétly touch the north-edit and i fouth or welt Points of the Heavens [which yet by and by will be lhewn to be erroneous] of which one is-vifible, the other under the Earth, and not. in our Sight. Thefe Tides alfo dilfer in their ' -' Times each one coming later than the otl V The Altcr‘ahd a . ‘ 1612, by on and Diffen f0 many Minutes as pals; yet the RevolUtion ”We“ the and natural Courfe of the Heavens do redtice and ,. 1i 65' bring about the faid Planet to thefe her former Places, whereby the common Difference between one Tide and another is found to confift of twen- ty-four Minutes, which want but Twelve of a whole Hour in Twenty-four, as Experience doth confirm. In like Sort, we fee by daily Trial, that each Tide is not of equal Height and Greata nefs. For, at the Full and Change of the Moon, The jug Dif- we have the greateft Floods; and fuch is‘ their tance be~ . extraordinary Courfe, that as they diminifl'i from mice“ 0"“ , their Changes and Fulls, unto the firi’t and lafl: Tlfie and and Qlarters ; f0 afterwards they increafe again, un- 0t er. til they Come to the Full and Change. Sometimes alfo they rife f0 high, if the Wind The extraor— be at the North, or North-eafi, which bringeth dinar)’ Rifing . in the Water with more Vehemency, becaufe the “theTides’ Tide that filleth the Channel, cometh from Scot- 2:3,:ch land-ward, that the Thames overfloweth her Banks 1 near unto London; which happened efpecially in the F ulls and Changes of 7annnry and February, wherein the lower Grounds are, of Cuf’com, foon- efl' drowned. This Order of flowing, in like Sort, is perpetual ; f0 that,‘when the Moon is‘ on the fouth—weft and north Points, then is the Wa— ter at London at the highefl'. Neither do the Tides alter, except fome rough Winds, out of the Weft or South-weft, do keep back and check The Stream the Stream in her Entrance; as the Eafc and oftentimes North-eaft do haften the Coming in thereof, or 3‘“;ij 1". elfe fome other extraordinary Occafion put by “$3,235: the ordinary Courfe of the northern Seas, which do fill the faid River by'their natural Return and F lowing. And, that both thefe do happen eft~ foons among, I refer me to fuch as have not. fel- dom'obferved it ; as alfo the fenfible Chopping in of three or four Tides in one natural Day, where- of the Unlkilful .do defcant many Things, accord- ing to their Minds. But howfoever thefe fmall Matters do fall our, and how often foever this Courfe of the Stream doth happen. to be difcurbed -, yet, at two feveral Times of the Moon, the Waters return to their natural Courfe and Limits of Time exaétly. Po- lydore faith, that this River is feldom increafed, or rather never overfloweth her Banks by Land Floods ; but he is herein very much deceived, as it {hall mOre apparently be [con hereafter. For, the more that this River is put by of her right Courfe, the more the Water muft of Neceiiity fwell with the white Waters which run down from the Land; becaufe the Pafi‘age cannot be f0 fwift and ready in the winding, as in the {trait ,Courfe. The Land Floods alfo do greatly {tain~ theland Floods F inenefs of the Stream, infomuch that» after a 3° Tfifhfl‘i‘m great Land Flood, you may take UP Haddocks Fifmncfsim s with your Hands beneath the Bridge, as they float aloft‘on the Water; whofe Eyes are fo blindr ed with the Thicknefs of that Element, that they cannot fee where to come, and make filift t0 fave themfelves, before Death takes hold on them. I Other- Two fevers! Times of the Moon, the W'aters find their true Courfe. The Error of _ Polydare Vir— gil. 3 2 Thames Wa- ter as clear as that of the Sea. The Objec- tion ofAri- . flat/e anfwer-‘ ed. The Bridge over the Yhamer. Swans. >Two thou; {and Boats 11 n the hunter, and three thou- fand poor Men main- tained by the fame, whofe ' Gains come in mofi, in the Term Time‘. The Tides. ' 7. S. An Error, as to the Time 01: high Wa- ter. R. B. Ahead the Tides. Otherwife the Water, of itfelf, is very clear; and, in Comparifon, next unto that of the Sea, which is mofi; fubtile and pure of all others; as that of great Rivers is molt excellent, in Compa- rifon of fmall Brooks. Although Ariflotle will have the falt Water to be moi’cgrofs, becaufe' a Ship will bear a greater ’Burden on the Sea, than on the frefh Water, and an Egg finks in this, that fwimmeth inthe other. But he may eafily be anfwered, by the Quantity of Room, and A- bundance of Waters in the Sea, whereby it be- cometh of more Force to fui’tain fuch Vefl‘els as are committed to the fame, and whereunto the greatef‘t Rivers are nothing comparable. I would here make mention of fundry Bridges over this noble Stream; of which, that of Lon- dan is mofi chiefly to be commended ; for it is, in a Manner, a continual Street, well replenifhed with large and fiately Houfes on both Sides, and fituate upon twenty Arches, whereof each one 'is made of excellent Free-fione, every of them be,- . ing threefcore Feet in Height, and full twenty in Dil’tan'ce one from another, as l have often view- ed. Of the Antiquity of this Bridge,,we fliall 'take a Place to write of. In the like Manner, I ~could treat of the infinite Number of Swans daily 'to be feen upon this River; and of two thonfand Wherries and {mail Boats, whereby three thoufand poor Watermen are maintained, as was {aid be, fore, through the Carriage and Recarriage of fuch Perfons as pafs or repafs from Time to Time upon the fame. Befide, thofe huge Tide-boats, Tilt-boats, and Barges, which either carry Paf— fengers, or bring neceiTary Provifions from all Quarters of Oxford/hire, Ber/wire, Buckingham- '_/hz're, Bedford/hire, Hertford/hz're, Midd/efl’x, Efléx, Sway, and Kent, unto the City Of Ltmdmj . Now concerning the Tides of this River, and its Overflowings of the Lands about it, there be- ing feveral Things remarkable, we {hall tarry a little the'_ longer upon them; and, to what hath been, faid, add thefe Obfervatiqns that follow.] And, firf’t ' Of the Flux and Reflux : Or, of the Ehhz'ng of the River of Thames. q‘It is a received Opinion, but a vulgar Error, thatit is high Water at London, when the Moon is either upon the fouth-eaft, or north-wefi Point of the Heavens; but this general Rule is only true under the Poles, where the Equinoc'tial and Horizon are the fame. And it al‘fo fuppofeth, that the Departures of the Moon from the Sun ' were at all Times equal; in both which Refpecfts the Rule is defeé‘tive. For, at London, which lies in 51 Degrees 30 Minutes of north Latitude, where a fouthWeit or a north-eafi Moon makes a' full Sea, or high Water; and that is at Three Of the Clock, and this is true, when the Moon is in either of the equinoétial Signs Aries, or Lz'hm, or near there- ‘ unto, and hath no Latitude, but in the fame Place, viz. London, the Moon being in Cancer, and hav- ing 5 Degrees of north Latitude, it will belgo Minutes after Ten of the Clock before the Moon will be at North-calf, which Ihould be at Nine of the Clock by the vulgar Rule, which'is an Hour and half too late): ,‘And the fame Day {he will be , South-weft at half an Hour after One, which is The former Error amend- ed. an Hour and half too foon. Now to correé‘t this Error, and to prove the true .Time of high Water at London—Bridge, it will be bel’t performed by knowing the Day of the new, or full Moon, which every Almanack. Wlll acquaint you with 5 for, upon the Day of the new, or full Moon, it will be high Water at :London-Brz’dge at Three of the Clock, and, eve- ry Day after, at fuch Hours and Minutes as this Table doth ihew. 3 . flowing its Banks, and its firange Shifting o Book I; . This Table needs 779,, T I D e T A B L E, not much explain- ifng thfe Ufeltheliepf; . or, 1 you, 00 or NewMom ' HO' Mm any Day in the Year Full Moon} 3 oo in your Almanack, _ 'I 48 you may qu1ckly S 2 3 g I count how many é) 4' "§ [‘34 Days are paf’t fince = 3 5 :1 2 the laft new, or full #2 4 g g 50 Moon; then find '5 g 7 E 33 that Number in the .3 7 g 36 firfl; Column of this 5 g 8 g 24 Tablegand,righta- S 9 ”So 27 gaini’t it in the fe- -5 lg 10 :5 30 cond, you have the is} 11 11 “5 28 Hour and rMinute t; 12 12 a, 26 that it Will be high fig» 13 I g 19 Water at London- 5 14 2 E“ I 2 Brzdge that Day. So , _ , . . . if you fhould find in your Almanack any Day to be 5 Days after the TheUfe of new, or full Moon, look for 5 in the firi’c Co- th‘STable- lumn, and right againl’t it fiand 6 Hours and go - Minutes; and at that Time it will be high Wa- ter at London-Bridge. But here you are to take Notice, that there is a conliderable Difference be- Difi'erencebe-j tween the fpring Tides and the neap Tides, in twithPrmg Refpeft of Time ; forsthe neap Tides will be #23:?” fometimes an Hour, or more, fooner than the ' Table gives them to be, as hath been before taken Notice 'of, and (hail be made more manifeft by what follows. ' . Of the Tide: in the River of Thames. There are, in this River, three Things worthy ThreeThings to be obferved, ‘viz. Its fpring Tides, its Over--Obfervablem f the Thames. Tides at fome Times 3 touching all which, lfhall deliver the Conceptions of two learned Philofo- phers of our Age. And, firfi, 0f fprz'ng Tides. Thefe Tides are higher than ordinary, and do Spring Tides. happen about every Full and Change of the Moon. The great French Philofopher Des Carter ‘ endeavours to give us the Re‘afon of it, telling us, that, from the Theorique .of the Moon, the Moon moves f0 in her elliptical Orb about the Earth, that, at her Full and Change, fhe cemes nearer to the Earth, and in each @arter goes further from it. VVhence, fromthis Hypothefis, V greater Tides muft be at the Full and Change; GreaterTides _ at the new all and full Moons. and, neap, or low Tides, at the'Qiarters; which, for the moft Part, is true indeed; and, without doubt, the Moon’s Nearnefs at the Full and Change is the Caufe of the fpring Tides, even Neap Tides as the Moon’s being further on“ at the (garters at “18%“- makes then the neap Tides. “‘5' But there is another Thing confiderable, fays another Philofopher, in the Bufinefs, which Des Mr. Chi/die}. Carter doth not confider, or, it may be, did not ' know; that is, that the fpring Tides in our River of Thames come not juf’t upon the Full or Change, but two or three Days after, and the like do the neap Tides after the (garters; which is a- gainf’t his Hypothe-fis. Therefore, to 'untie this The Reafons Knot, I conceive the Caufe why the fpring Tides al’outthe are at the highefl: two or three Days after the Full 22%;“; and Change, and not on the very Day, is the fullorngew fame with that, why the fharpef’t pinching Time Moons. of Winter comes-not juf’t in the ihortefl: Day, when the Sun is at the lowef’t with us, but in 7a- mmry, and about four or five Weeks after: Why Why the. alfo the coldefi Time of the Night is not at Mid- Fade“ Tine nighttbut about Break of Day. Why the hot- Efifitfia; telt Time-«1n Summer 13 in filly, four or five andthe hot.h Weeks after the Soli’tice; and why the hottefi teil not at the Time l°ngefi- Chap. An Experi- ment to ex- plain this Reafon. The Caul'e of the Thames Overflowing. The Caufe thereof. Another Caufe. ’ her Eccentric, {he ihould operate fo much the. VI. Time of the Day is not juft at Noon, but about two. or three of the Clock in the Afternoon. . To demonfiirate the Reafon of this, he faith, Let us fuppofe a- large Ciiiern, having a Cock at, or towards, the Bottom of it, that coni’tantly lets out fix Gallons of Water in a certain Space of Time; and, over- the Cifiern, fuppofe another Cock, that conveys Water from fome other Place into this Cifiern, and which runs at firl’t but very flow, but after, by Degrees, falter and fai’ter, un- til, at lal’t, it lets in 8 Gallons in the fame Space of Time that the Cork below lets out 6 Gallons. And, farther, let us fuppofe, that the Cock a- bove, after it hath continued running for fome Space of Time, after the Rate of 8 Gallons, doth decreafe by the fame Degreegv that before it in- creafed by, to 7 Gallons, and fo to 6, 5, 4, and f0 ids and lefs, until, at length, it quite gives 0- ver running. There is no Man, I think, but will fay, that this Cil’tern will be fuller 6f Water, when it hath decreafed it from 8 Gallons in a Space to 7 Gallons -, and yet fuller when it is de- croafed to 6_ Gallons, and a Half, than when it was at 7 3 and fullef’t of all jui‘t before it decreafed to 6 Gallons. in a Square -, becaufe, till that Time, there comes more Water into the Cif’tern at the Cock, than there goes out at the other. Even f0, thOugh the Heat of the Sun, {imply confidered in itfelf, be not fo great about the Middle of 7aly, as to the Solfiice in 7am, becaufe he is defcended lower ; yet becaufe the Heat that the Sun fends forth in the Air every Day, is greater than the Cold which his Abfence caufeth by Night, nothing can follow thereupon but an Increafe. of the Heat. And the like may be faid of afternoon Heats, yanaary after Winters, morm ing Colds, and of fpring Tides, coming behind the full Moons, and the Changes. Of the Onenflatwing of the Banks. The Thames’s Overflowing its Banks proceedeth from feveral Caufes. Firfi, from great Rains, whereby the frefli Waters raife up the River, and, going down to the Sea, are {topped by the Floods, whence they - muf’t needs fwell above their ufual Height. Of this there was a notable Example in the Year I 555, where, by Reafon of exceflive- Rains that had fallen, all St. George’s Fields in Soathwarh, as alfo the Palace-1" and, even Weflmz’nfler—Hall, were overflown. ’ Secondly, Inundations of the Thames may be caufed by boifierous north-weft Winds, which ge- nerally caufe very great Tides, not only in the Thames at the Mouth thereof, but on the Coalt of Holland, Flanders, Picardy, and the Shores of England oppolite to them. And this is, becaufe that Wind with equal Force blows in the Tide of Flood at both Ends of this Ifland, weftwards and northwards. . Thirdly, there is another Caufe'of great Tides and Inundations in the Thames, which is not com- monly taken Notice of, and that is, the Moon’s being in the Periga’on, or in that Part of her Orb nearefl: to the Earth ; for if, as aforefaid, the Moon’s coming nearer the Earth, at her Full and Change, makes her fpring Tides; and her With- drawing farther from the Earth, at her Quarters, makes the neap Tides ; it mutt, doubtlefs, follow, that if to the Proximiority which the Moon hath to the Earth, by moving in her Ellipfis, there be added that Proximiority which [he hathin her ec- centric, or oppofite Angles, {he fhould operate f0 much the more extraordinarily upon the Sea, and make the higher fpring Tides at fuch Full and Change. And, on the contrary, thatwhen {he is el’rranged from us by a double Elongation of the (garter in her Ellipfis, and of her Auge in more weakly there; ordinarily, ~. ter make a flack neap Tide. , .eth a firange Shifting of the Tides, oned for a Prodigy, becaufe it happeneth but fel- “the Tides- and'to that Q'gar- Of the firang-e Shifting of the Tide: fometz’mes in the River of Thames. In the Thames, at fome Times, dom; and yet itis, by fom'e, known to proceed from a natural Caufe, as well as other common Eflfcé‘ts; now, for the finding out the Caufe, I will {peak of feveral of thefe Shiftings that have hap-v pened, as taken Notice of by our Hiiiorians. 1. Outline 12th of Ofioher, 1411, the Thames flowed thrice in one Day. - 1 2.- .an the 17th of Septamhen; 1550, theThamm flowed and ebbed three Times in' nine Hours be~ low the Bridge. ‘ - 3. On the 26th of yanaany, r564. at.,Night there were two Tides in two Hours at London- Bridge ; and likewife, neXt Day, there were two in the Morning, and two at Night. And, on Santa. day the 28th of the faid Month, two Tides in the Morning, and at Night but one, as it ufed to be, and f0 continued. ' 4. On the 6th of Nonemher, 1 574, in the Mom- ing there happened two great Tides, the firi’t in Courfe, and the other within an Hour after, which overflowed‘ the Marlhes at Lamheth, and many Vaults and Cellars adjoining. '- 5. On the 19th of Fehraary, 1608, it fhould have been dead low Water at the Bridge, but, in- Read thereof, it was high Water, and prefently it ebbed almofi half an Hour to a Foot Depth, and then fuddenly it flowed almol’r two Feet higher than it did before, and then ebbed again, until it came near to its right Courfe, f0 that the next" Flood began, in a Manner, as it {hould do. All this happened, faith the Chronology, before Twelve o’Clock at Noon, the Weather being indifferent calm. ~ 6. On the 6th of February, 1609, there was a lirange Shifting of the Tides, but our Author gives not the Time. 7. On the 3d of 7anuary, 1622, in the Morn- ing, the Thames lhifted four Tides in five Hours, viz. two Floods, and two Ebbs, and then kept its right Courfe. ‘ 8. On the! 2d .of Fehmtary, 1653, the Yhamer ' ebbed and flowed thrice in fix Hours; and the little Shifting of the Tides was obferved in the maritime Places in Kent at the fame Time. 9. On the 3d of Ofiaher, the Thames ebbed and flowed twice in three Hours. 10. On All-faint: Day, 1660, betwixt Ten O’Clock at Night and Five the next Morning; there was an unufual Shifting of the Tides; ebb- ing and flowing three Times in that Space. But, if we examine thefe Shiftings, we {hall find that in all of them the Tides were very flack, and, in a Manner, at the very Neapnefs; and, \ that in all of them, except two, 7122. in 1574 and in 1656, the Moon was in Apogee, about three or four Days before the Shifting, to make them, if pofiible, more flack and neap. By the Examples in 1654. and 1660, I can’t but think, that the Caufe of the Shifting of the Tides is only the Overbearing of their Courfe, when,” at the Slack, by a north-well: Wind, which is the mof’t powerful Adverfary they can have upon our Coafi, for, if a flow Ebb be encountered full in the Teeth, what can follow but a Return of the Tide again? And if the north-weft Wind (either abates its F ierccnefs, or- lhifts into fome other Quarter, as the South-weft or North-eafi, for fame Ihort Time, and then (PP ther returns to its former Place, or rcfurnes its former Force, and does thus once, thCC, 91' thrice, which is ufual at Sea, though at Land its Wanderings are not fenfible, we {hall eahly be- lieve, there happen- The caure which is reck- oftheShifting 34 lieve, feeing ['0 plain a Reafon for it, that there will be a Playing of the Tide to and fro, and fe- veral Floods and Ebbs fucceeding one anot_her in a few Hours. And, it may be, this Shifting of the Tides is the more notable in the Thames, be- caufe of- its gentle Ebb to the Seaward, which is' the more eafily turned, whereas a fwift Current in a River would prevail over thefe Irregularities. Furthermore, in the Example of 1660, it hap- pened upon a north-wefterly Wind, fometimes 0f the furl/“climax of we Thames. Book :I .' blowing pretty frelh, and the Tides were then at the neapel’t. Indeed, in this Shifting the Moon was not in Apoga’o, but almoi’t in the very Place of her Porigaum. .Which makes me think the Apogaofis is not altogether fo necelTary, but that the Neapnefs of the 'Tides and the Wind were able to do it of themfelves, aliil‘ted Imean with a private Caufe, fo the alternate Intentions, and Remiffions of the Wind be but proportionably greater, to fupply the Want of the flpogaoflrJ CHA P. VII. A Survey of the River- of Thames, as far a: it lies under the Care and In— fleflz'on of the Lord Mayor. And wlvar Care loath dean radon of it 5} the Cay. AVING thUs far proceeded in the De- fcription of this famous River, even from her Head and Original, till her being embraced by the Sea -, I thought good to go on a little fur- ther concerning the Extent of the Tbames’s Ju- rifdiétion; which is, from a Place called Colm'e- ditch, a little above the Bridge of Stains, weli~ ward, to London-Bridge; and, from thence, to a certain Place called Teadal, alias Yenlaad, alias Tenloot; and likewife of the Water of Medway, as being Matter more proper to the City of Lon- don’s Survey, than any other Difcourfe elfe what- foever. For many Years, the Authority and Ju- rifdié‘tion of this River hath undoubtedly belong- ed unto the Lord Mayor, Commonalty, and Ci- tizens of London, by the fufficient Tel’timony of divers Grants, Charters, and Confirmations, made by the precedent Kings and Qleens of this Land, and by his molt Royal Majefiy, K. 7mm: I,“ now AétsofPar- reigning; belide fundry Aéts of Parliament or- nament f0? dained to that End. But becaufe fome Qiei’tion The Extent of 773417722: un- der the Jurif~ diétion of the Lord Mayor and City. A. M girgnd’tiile appeared to be made by the Lord High Admiral onthegRiver., of England, concerning that Cafe of Power or Ju- rifdiétion, a full and final Conclufion was at length ei’tablilhed, between the Lord High Ad- miral, and the Lord Mayor and Commonalty of London alfo, concerning the Prerogative then quefiioned. . A Controver- Whereby, as informer ancient Privileges, the {Y between Right and Title hath aIWays been evident, fo it $§fi°§§afiii appeared then a plain and manifef’t Cafe, that the City, con- Lord Mayor of London for the Time being, and cefningthe his :Succefl‘ors for ever in that ancient Dignity, 33:3???" have full Power and Authority over the faid Ri- halfof the ' vers, the Lord Mayor bearing the Stile and Title latter. of Confirvator or Preferver of them, within the The Lord aforenamed Bounds and Limits ; having abfolute xglézirlgegfm Power of inflié‘ting Punifhment for all unlawful . Coat/Emma Fifhings, either by Fifherrnen, or any otherFifh- oftheRivers ing within the fame at any Time; yea, and to 75m” and fearch, overfee, and punifh all fuch as lhall abufe M’dw‘y' his lawful Authority in thofe Proceedings from Time to Time. And becaufe his great and fe- rious Employments, withhold him from fuch At- tending on this important Bufinefs, as the urgent Necefiity thereof doth almof’t continually require; For this End he hath a Deputy, or Subltitute, named the Wa- he hath hi5. ter Bailiff of London, who, under his Honour’s wa‘e’Ba‘l‘m Authority, and by Virtue of his more abfolute Power, doth continually fearch, overfee, and pu— nilh all Offenders, that dare infringe thofe Rights of Duty belonging to f0 famous a River, or make Spoil of that, intended for general Benefit. And whereas there are a certain Company of Fifhermen, called Trio/roman [or Tyn/eermoa] fre- Triuiermm, great De- flyiiiwiifhe quenting the River of Thames, eal’tward, who, prevented,’ in ‘imes pai’t, not only have been reported, but and hopped." alfo manifefily proved and found out, to make an infinite Deltruél'ion of the young Brood and 3 Fry of Filh, by ufing of unlawful Nets, and un- permittable Engines; feeding and glutting their Hogs with them, as Mr. Dee reporteth ; by the diligent and extraordinary Colt and Care of the Lord Mayor, his Brethren, and the ref: of the Citizens of London; as alfo by the vigilant Refpefl: of his worthy Officer‘ the Water Bailiff, Day and Night attending to cut off fuch an horrible Abufe ; thofe unlawful Nets and Engines are now quite fupprefl‘ed, and a true and orderly Form of Fifh- ing brought into Ufe, that fuch Waite and Ha- vock may. no more be made. . Through which Refiraint of Robbery, and Ap- The River of plication of continual Providence, our River of 77mm“ “3‘ Tbamer, the Honour and Beauty of this whole gigs? m her Ifland, is become again mof’t rich and plentiful, y‘ yielding daily out of her bountiful Bofom great Store of Filh of all Kinds, and at much more reafonable‘ Rates than in many years paf’t hath been feen; as our weekly Markets in this ho-, nourable City can better tef’tify than I report; a. Matter highly to be commended, and, no doubt, but will be as heedfully continued. Upon a general Complaint lately made to the Lord Mayor, concerning Timbers [landing and being in Tiloary Hope, beneath Gra'vofi’nd, a Mat- ter not only perilous to Pafl'engers upon the Ri- ver, but a Caufe alfo to defiroy infinitely the young Breed and Fry of Fifh, by the Harms thofe Timbers did to Fifhermen’s Nets, by Rea- fon of their continual Standing in the main Courfe, and fpeedy Current of the Stream, which was mightily annoyed and injured thereby; his ho- nourable Care extended fo far, that, by the Pains and Diligence of the Water Bailiff, being thereto by his Office and Place warrantably direéted, thofe grievom Hurts and Annoyances were all taken up, and conveyed to the Guild/gall in Loa- doa, as an Example to all that fhould dare to of- fend in the like Nature, or prefume to prejudice fuch an honourable Courfe of our Fifhing; as it is faithfully reported, at every Tide by Day and Night, four Bufhels of fmall Fifh and Fry, con- tinually throughout the whole Year, are faved and preferved by this worthy Providence, which otherwife had remained to the former defperate Spoil, and continued a great Hinderance to the a- bounding Increafe now likely to enfue thereby. The Ldrd Mayor and Commonalty, within the Compafs of three Years now laft pail, *have *Thatiswe‘ caufed this noble River of Thames, wef’tward, to 3m“ ”‘3 be cleared and cleanfed of feventy-nine Stops or 333?: 51,5315 Hatches, confifiing of divers great Stakes and when A. M. Piles purpofely ereéted by Fifhermen 'for their 5’“ WW? private Gain; and fianding dangeroufly for Paf- 3‘: Pubh‘hed fengers, near unto the fair Deep, f0 that none of The Lord them do now remain upon the River, but only Mayor clears fuch as fiand out of the paffable fair Vv'ay, and the ”m“ can be no Prejudice to Paffengers. For otherwife $01333 they Hatches. Timbers in the 7174712“, no mean Hurt to the River, complained of and re- drefl'ed. ‘ Chap. Unlawful F ilhermen relirained. The Care the City had of the River in formerTimes. The Contro- verfy about the Rivers de- cided. Sir 170/171 Srwin- nerton,Mayor. VIII. they ferve as a great Succour to the young Breed and Fry, being planted. at the Water’s Bottom; and placed fo remotely on the River, that they relieve and comfort many poor Fifhermen there- on dwelling. Belide, in the great Heat and Drought of Summer, when Water is ufually mof’c fcanty, thefe Stops are the Caufe of railing the Waters fo high, that Barges may well and fafely pafs, with all Kind of Goods to our ancient Mo- ther-City; whereas elfe they would be grounded, how many foever, and be void of Paffage by Lownefs of the Water. There is likewife a Number of Filliermen be- longing to the River of Thames, fome Ptiled by the Name of T rinkermen [or T inhermen] of whom fomething was faid before; Hebbermen, Peter- men, Trawlermen, fit. that have lived in pre- ceding Times, by very unlawful Fifhing on this River, and to the great Injury of her abounding Store. But by Means of this well provided Re- fl‘rié’tion, f0 forwarded in the main Magif’trate, and followed in the diligent Endeavour of the careful Water-Bailiff, making no Spare of his Pains at all whatfoever, their Infolency hath been reduced to a moretemperate Qialification. And the awful Hand of civil Government appeareth to carry much better Refpec‘l, than formerly it did. Nor let this provident Care, both for the Safe- ty of Paffengers on the River, and Prefervation of the Breed and Fry, be underflood as a Matter of Novelty, without any precedent Example in elder Days; fince it plainly appeareth, that the very like Courfe was kept and effeéted in the Time of King Henry IV, the feventh Year of his Reign, Anno Dom. 14.05. Alfo more lately in the Days of King Henry VIII, fife. as is evident by Records in divers Chronicles, and fo warrant- ed and avouched, as already hath been faid, and Ihall in more ample Manner hereafter appear. Concerning the controverflal @eftion about the Rivers of Thames and Medway, all Variance and Difference was abfolutely concluded in the Year 1613, the 20th Day of May; Sir yohn Swinnerton, Knight, being then Lord Mayor, and careful Confervator of the faid River’s Rights; ‘A Progrefs made by the Lord Mayor to Grave/end and Lee, to keep Courts there. Edmund Ho'wes. and Thomas Sparrey, Efq; his Subf’titute and re- fpeéiive Water-Bailiff, for the performing of fuch a main Trult repofed in him, appertaining jui‘tly to his Place and Oflice. Of the farifa’ifiion of the Thames; 35 At eight feveral 'Times yearly, within the Courtskept four Counties of Middle/ex, Surry, Kent, and Ef- jex, the Lord Mayor of London for the Time then being, With his Brethren the Aldermen, for the eight Times a Year, in .four Counties, for taking better Maintaining'of the River’s Rights and Care 0W": Privileges, do fit in Perfon judicially, and charge four Juries by Oath, to make Inquifition after all Offences, cOmmitted upon the faid River. And, as the Verdict, prefented by the faid‘Jury, maketh Appearance, fo do they accordingly pro- ceed to the Punilhment of the Tranfgrefi‘ors, an- fwerably to the Nature of their Offences, and, as to Jul’tice [hall feem expedient. 'Wherein the Ri~ ver’s Profperity, Safety of Paffengers, and gene- ral Good of the Commonwealth, are their chiefel’t Refpefis. And, becaufe it may appear more probable to all Men, in what worthy Manner the Lord Mayor and his Brethren do proceed in this Cafe, by the Help of Mr. Edmund Homes, Gent. I have hereto added the lafi: Courts that were kept about this River’s Service, in the Time of Sir 7ohn 7olles, Knight, to take away all flnif’ter Scruple or Doubt, that can be otherwife alledged. For, he being pre- fent in the Journey, as I myfelf might have been, if Leifure would have fo permitted, ob- ferved the Courfe of all that then palfed -, and, as he delivered it to me, f0 have I fet it down, with fome few other Collections of my» own, out of fuch Antiquities as have come to my Hands. And not only the Water of Thames, with the Filh therein, belong to the City, but the Soil and Ground under it is theirs alfo; being given to them by former Kings of this Land: As appears from a Writing in (ween Elzfaheth’s Days, found among the M88. of the Lord Treafurer Barleigh, proving the Sea—Lands and Salt-Shores thereof to be the Queen’s Property. Wherein are thefe Words , “ Alfo for Proof of the Prince’s Interelt “ in Rivers flowing from the Sea, . the Thames, and Confervation thereof was not only given to the City of London, but, by their efpecial Suit, the King gave therewithal the Ground and Soil under the fame : Whereupon, if any that hath a Houfe, or Land adjoining, do make a Strand, Stairs, or fuch-like, they pay forth- with a Rent to the City of London, how high foever they be above the low-water Mark. Such is the Prince’s Interelt in all Rivers that ebb and flow.”] 0‘ n H. C H A P. VIII. fl farther Teflimony concerning the River of Thames 5 and of the Right and flnthority of ‘ver : Proved learned! , in a Charge I616. fln Order from King Charles I. to the judge of N the Year 1616, on Wednefday, being the 3d [of 7aly, Sir yohn 7olles, Knight, Lord Mayor of the City of London, and Confervator of the River of Thames, and Waters of Medway, affif’ted and accompanied by Francis 7ones, Edward Ro- theram, Alexander ‘Prefcot, Martin Lumley, Alder! men of London, and William Gore, Alderman and Sheriff at that Time of the faid City, Thomas j‘ones, Efq; Common Serjeant of the faid City, ‘ in the Abfence of Sir Henry Moantagne, Knight, Recorder of the fame City, attended by Thomas Sparrey, .Efq; Subconfervator of the faid River of Thames, with fifty Officers, and other Servants, took Barges at Billingfgate, and within few Hours arriVed at Graveflznd in Kent : Where a Seflion for the Confervancy of the faid River was kept be- fore the faid Lord Mayor, and his aforenamed Aflil’tants. NUMB. IV. the Lord Mayor of London to the Confervanqy of the fetid Ri— given hy the Common Serjeant, Anno the Admiralty. At which Time and Place, a Jury of Free- holders of the faid County being fworn to en- quire of all Offences, committed in any Part of that River within the faid County, Matter Com- mon Serjeant delivered them a Charge to this Effeét : “ That forafmuch as there had not been any “ Seffion of Confervancy, in many Year's pal’c, “ kept by any Lord Mayor of London in that Place, it was probable that they could not be well informed, neither of the Lord Mayor 3 Jurifdiftion and Power, to reform Annoy- ances and Offences there, nor of the Nature of the Service by them to be performed in the Courfe of their Enquiry. And therefore he thought it fit to make known unto them both the one and the other. And hereupon he lhewed them, that the Jurifdifiion of the K , f" City it u a u ‘6 ct u st ‘6 “WI. Courts kept. in the Time of Sir fie/m fol/egMayor. The Soil and Ground un- der Thames is the City’s. y. s. TheCommon Serjeant gives his Charge to the Jury at Grawefend. 36 The City’s Claim to the River proved. K. father‘s Charter to the City for the Thames. Ex. Lih. meat; Dunthorn. The__River_ belonged to London Time out of Mind. The Sheriff goes beyond err/and, to remove Ki- dels that an- noyed the I River. fatnris tollendam; the City of London hath the _fet forth and allowed, and the Complainants con- ‘ vié‘ted, and every of them amerced at to]. and Of the jarqfrhéfion hf the Thames; “ City of London in the River of -§I‘hames, from “ Stains- Bridge weftward, unto the Points of the River next the Sea, eafiward, appeared to be- (6 “ 5long to the City, in Manner and 1F orm as fol- “ loweth; both in ’POint of Right, and in Point “ ‘of ~Ufage :” ”I. B I’refc‘ription. i ll lily AlloWance in Eire. I-lfl. By ancient Charters. ’ IV. By A'éts df’Parliamem. _ V. By Inquifit‘i‘ons. ‘InHPoint oil VI. ’By 'Decree‘s upon Hearing, to: ppm, «‘3 ram Rege z'pfo, C9“ in’Ca‘mera ‘3 ; Stellata‘. - ‘VI‘I. “By Letters 'Patents. VIII. By Proclamations. ‘ IX. By Report o‘ftheKing’s Coun- cil Learned. LX. By a Qgto Warranto. ‘FI. By ancient @rd‘inances. ‘1 ill. By 'Punilhment of’OHenders. i 'I‘I-l. fBy Writs'and Precepts. ‘IV. By Accounts ‘for Charges of Searches, from the 17th of Rich. '11, ’till the 2d of Q. ‘In Point of ' Elijaheth. ‘Ufage. IV. By‘C‘ommi‘mon. ’ VI. By continual ’Claim ever fince - ’r 37 Henry VIII, when the Lord Admiral firl’t inter- } r‘upted the’City, to exercife ’ ther Anthorlty below London- ._ Bridge. And to crown all thefe Points both of Right and Ufage, 5:? at] omnem Controverfiam Temporihus King’s molt gracious and liberal Charter in that Point‘granted, in the third Year of his -Majef’t.y’s molt happy Reign. 'fl' hen the Common-Sergeant went over his Argu- meats. 14nd, firfl, for Proof of Right. ‘1. By Preferz'ption. It appeare’th by an ancient Book, called Dan- thorne, That Civitatis Fundationz's, Edz'ficationis, 85’ ’Conjlrufiz'onis, Caafa erat Thamefis Fluvias. anram vero, Ci‘vitatisfifF/nminis, Gnhernationem, tam Dares, Maiores, Caflodes, Vioeoomites, A’la’er-v manni {9° Magnates Civitatis memoratte hucafgae ohtinuerant Es? hahnernnt .- i. e. The Rivenafhames J was the Caufc of the firft Founding, ’Erec’ting, ' and Building of the City. The Government of? which, both City and River, as well the Chiefs» the Mayors, the Keepers, the Sheriff's, the Al-' dermen, andleminent Men'of'athe faid City, hi- therto have Obtained and held. So as the 60-3 verhmen’t "of the ’River hath belonged 'to ‘the'City ’ Time out of Mind. ‘ In the 21ft of H. III, .7ora'an Coeentrie, one of i the Sheriffs of London, was, by the Mayor and1 Aldermen, fent to remove certain Kidels, that annoyed the Rivers Of Thames and Medway ; who, ultra Tenland ‘verfas Mare, did take divers Per-l Ions that were Offenders, and imprifoned them. Whereupon Complaint being made to King Henry III, he took the Matter ill at the firfl, and fent 'for the Lord “Mayor and Citizens to Kennington. And, upon hearing the‘Matter before the faidKing Henry, the City’s Jurifdié‘tion on the River was .‘ Book I. erg/fem, Vieeeomz‘tes, London, gaia dqaa Thamefae pertine‘t ad London, ,per praceptam diet. Dom. Re- ar; .a'erz'nerant omnes altos Gnrgz'tes a London ufg; are. , In the v1 I’tl of Rich. II. Writs (to the Sheriff's of Kent and‘Eflex, reciting. the City’s Title; with Command, not to fufi‘er the Citizens of Londonto be molefled, contrary to the Liberties .fonmerl-y granted and allowed unto them. .211. By fillowanee 'z‘n Eire. In the 4,!It of H. III. before 'Hagh Bigot, being Juitice Itinerant, the Sheritfs and Citizens of London were called in (firemen, for their Junif- The'City’s diétion exercifed on the Thames. Before whom, Jurifdiaiond? it was found by a Jury in Sonthwark, qaod radius the Ri‘fer aligaid 57am hahet in Thamefia, tafque rad norwom 31113133: Gargz'tem, 'nz'fl Gives London, 4'. e. That none :had . any Right and Title in the Thames, as far as to the new Whirlpool, but the Citizens of London. .Invthe 14th ofEdw. II. Lih. Antiq. Begum, 2156. The new The Confiable of the Tower was indiélsed by ldie WhiflPOOl- vers Wards of London, before the J Mike in Eire The COR“?!- at the Tower : De Munerz'h. 'Esf Recep. cone. proKz‘» g“: “the . dellz's z'n Thamifiz‘s : Concerning Kidels fet in the e3?”,f,’;d‘&‘- Thames, which, it feems, the faid Confiable had Warhs of received Confideration for. Et Con/lahularins ad LW’M Kidellos refimndet, quod yuan. non hahent 7arif-é’5'1m57‘ dihtz'onem extra London, placitum; inde cognafaare, cg. - cam pradz'fiz’ Kz'deZ/z' ,funt in alz'z's Comitatihas. Et 7uflz'o. (dinerant, Jana Thamefim pertinet M‘Crztis- tatem London, nfq; ,Mare .- Etfi oelz't, :refioondeax. ' The Sum of which Words feems to be this : The: the Conf’table anfwered as to the lKid’els, that ache Juf’cices had not ,Jurifdiétion out of London; and that the aforefaid Kidels were in other Counties. But that the Jufiices faid, That the Water of the Thames, as far as the Sea, belonged to the-City of London: And, if helpleafed, he might bring in his Anfwer. Who then ,pleaded, not Guilty. III. 'By Charters. In the 8th of Rich. I. Dominns RichardusRex, Filias Henrici II, eonreflit, {9° firmiter precept, .ut omnes Kidelli quz‘ fan! in Thamefia, amoveantur, K. RMML ahiennqae fnerz‘nt in Thamefia. That -is,.~0ur his Charter. ' Lord Richard the King, Son of Henry II, hath granted, and firmly commanded, That all [the Kidels that are in the Thames be taken away, wherefoever in the Thames they be. In the id of 7ohan. Rex eoneeflit, £5? firmiter K. film’s pracepz't, at omnes Kidelli, out jam in Thamefia, Chart"- reel in Medway, amoveantnr; {9’ ne caterz' Kz’a’elli alieuhz' ponantnr in Thamelia, we! in Medway, fu— per Forf. x. Lihr. Sterlingorum. That is, The Kinghathsgranted, andfirmly‘commanded, ‘That all the Kidels that are «in the Thames, or theMerZ- way, beta-ken away ; and 't‘hatho other ‘Kidels be placed in the Thames’or‘the ‘deay, Upon 3Pain ovaorfeitnre of ten Pounds Sterling.‘ \ Henry III, ,Son toKing john, granted his Char— K. Hgmy III. , ter to the City in Form following: Henry, ~byitl1e hisCharter. Grace of God, K-ynge of England, Lord of Ir- atitisgcg¢ land, Duke of Normandy and Aguitanyg, and Evie ed m e 11/. offlngeoy; unto .Archbislh'ops, Bislhops, .Ab- 2:: on” battes, .Pryours, 'Erlys, Barons, .Juf’ticis, She- rifs, Stywardis, ~Mynyi’ters, Land to al Baylyfs, and to al his trewe Men, Grety-nge: ‘WEtyth-‘wel, That for the Wele of our Soule, and the ‘I‘Ielthe of the Soule of .Kynge 7ohan our Fader, and the 'Soules of our Anteeefl'oures; land alfo for who .common ‘Profyt of our Cite of .London, and of a1 oure Realme; We have grauntodlland fled- fal’tly. commaunded, .that al the Weris that ’ben the Amercement adjudged to the'City ; and their. Nets were afterwards burned, by Judgment givenf "by the Lord Mayor and Aldermen on the Ha/i‘z'ngs.; . Inthe 37th of H. III. Eodem Anna ante Panto-3 in Thamys, or indeey by Medtuey, whereithut ever they be in 'Thamys or in deey, "be done a- waye. And that from hens .fonwarde no Warts be fet in Thaw: nor in Medwgz, uponForkitum of x Lih. Ifilfo ,Eh‘ap. VIII. Confiable to‘f the-Year Iony Tyme from hens for- ' Grievance. 'Wa'rd my Thin-g axe, 101‘ (my Grannte * do to . tony. of ' the lame ‘Osite, , ”by Enchefon of the fame Writes. - lIt is know inowe to us, and‘[by] our "ttewe‘Men do us to underfionde, that molt Pray.- enge and left'e Profytvmyght falle to the fame Cite, and to al the Realme, by Enchefen of the fame'Weres. Which we make for ever firme and fiable to the fame Cite, as the Chartour of' our Lord Kyng 7011M our ‘Fader, with our Bar- érons of London, therdf have reafonably wy‘tneflith. Wytnes Eafias of leader, Peter of fiVynekefler, yekly‘n [of Baflb, Ryebard of Saly/bary, Bisfhops -, - .Hubert of (Broag/a, Erle of Kent, our juf’tice; GyZ— ' dant’ofmare, ‘Erle'df 'GZouee/ler and'Herztfard, Fitz- Niebel, .Ryflaard of firgmtz’a, our Styward. Gyve by “the 'Han'de of our Worfihypful F ader, Remy" Bisflrop of Clay/95$”, flour Chauncelar, at sz‘m. Of we " yuazfaiaaaar a. Thames. Alforwe slaying: quyre to oure Citeaens ofLea—' '«dpn‘al. diet the Confiabies of our Tour of Lon? «denwas went mtakeolf the fame Weres. Where-l foreiwe 'w'yll and fiedfal’dy commaund, That no; Enhe xviij Daysoflfe'verell, the ‘Yere of our Regne xi. 5 This is an Extraét out of the Chapter of Lerl- ! don, granted tothe'City .by King Richard II, the i fixth and feventh Articles. 3 Authority to lIn the'LX‘V‘Ifith‘Article alfo are thefe’Words : 3 remove _ “I And that the fame ‘Citezens remove and do a- l mini?“ 4‘ way 'al the Weres ’in Tbamy‘s and Medway 3. and let-$513125 ‘3“ that they have the Puni‘fhrnentis therof, long- Charter. . "" ing to us. I , The Confia- , Likewife in the ‘L'XXIIId Article are thef‘e: 1116 of the Words ; “ And that the Con’ftable of the fewer ‘Tarwer to fet ("c , ; , ‘ . _ ' . ' no Prices up of Landerz make no Prefes, by Lond nor by on Vifiuals “ Water, of Vitayle or ony other Thynges what— by Land or 4“ ’foever 't'hey ben, of ‘Men of the forfaid Cite, . Water- “ nor of non other ; coming to the Cite, or go- ‘ “ ing out. Nor .he lhal .not arefien}, be ony' “ maner Way,.S‘hipes nor .Botesbryngyng or le- ‘ “ dyng Vitayles, or other Marchandyfes to the "5‘ Cite, or ‘forIfro’j the Cite ‘for‘faid. jg”, LII. his ’In the ‘I 1th of Henry III. Coneeflimm etiam eif- can: to the dew Baronibas noflris, {9° Carra nqflra eonfirmavz’mas, C19“ "quad ‘b‘alflm’t 5:715, ‘55 in Pace, Jam; {‘5’ gaieZE, mane: " *Iiiéerta'z‘er fads, qafbas bafiemts a/i fan! tam in O'- teh‘ate London, gaam extra, 1am in flam’r gaamja .451” errz's, EB" «amnit'bm aliis ’Loez's. i. e. We have grant— ed alfo t0" the fame our Barons, and have con- firmed it withour Charter, that they enjoy well ~‘anél-in ‘Peace, freely and "quietly, all their Liber- And upon hearing of the Matter in Camera Stel- lata, i. e. The Star-Chamber, they were found guilty, and conl’trained to fubmit themfelves to the Lord-Mayor; and ordered always to bring their Nets to the Lord-Mayor -, before they ihould ufe them. And that the Kidels then taken Ihould be at the Difpofition of the Lord—Mayor. And the Offenders made their Submiffion accord— ingly. — VII. By Letters Patents. A Grant was made by King Edward IV. to the Earl of Pemhroke, for building a Wear in the River of Thames -, which Grant was cancelled at the Requel’t of the Lord-Mayor and Aldermen, 'upon lhewing of their Right; for that it was contrary to their antient Liberties. At which Time the City’s Title to the then Confervancy of the Rivers of T hamcs and Medway was at large fet forth, and is recited to have been fhewn to the Lord Chancellor, and to the Earl and his Council; and was afterwards allowed, and the Patent thereupon cancelled. And there is a Record of a Patent remaining ‘in the Tower to that Purpofe, viz. That the ' _Mayor, (sic. quad de antique jure haheat fitpervifnm ‘ {9° gnhernat. aqne Thamif. ad Pantem de Stanes, fife. {9’ deConeefl prins fatt. W. Com. Pembrok. de anodam gnrgiti vacat. Hogjilfwere revocat {9° cancellat. de ratiane preditt. i. e. That of ancient ~ Right he have the Supervifal and Government of ‘ the Water of Thames to Stanes Bridge, 53%. and ' concerning the revoking and cancelling of a Grant ' formerly made to William Earl of Pemhrohe On the faid Account] King Henry proclaims the City’s Right to the Thames. VIII. By Proclamation. By Proclamation made by King Henry VIII. in the 34th of his Reign, it is affirmed, that the 3 That where, by the ancient Ordinance of Lan- . part, 65c. And further, it was thereby found, '_ contra Lihertates 59° Confuetndines Civitatis: And ' it was adjudged, That the Nets Ihould be, Book I. Lord-Mayor and his Predecefi'ors have had, by divers Grants of the Kings of England, and by Aéts of Parliament, and have alfo long enjoyed, the Confervancy of the Thames, without Interrup- tion, or Impediment of the faid King Henry the Eighth, or any of his Subjects. And by. the fame Proclamation it Was commanded, That none lhould refif’t, deny, or impugn the Lord-Mayor, or his Deputy, in doing or executing any Thing for the Confcrvancy of the River, and of the F ifh and Fry within the fame. IX. ' By Report. A Controverfy being between the Lord Admi- Queen Elzfa- ral and the Lord-Mayor for the Meafuring of MESA‘W‘ Coals, and other Things upon the Thames, it then $33213: 1’ fell into Confideration to whom the Confervancy confewancy of the fame River did belong. Which Caufe, ofthe River Anne 1 597, was, by the Lords of the late @een’s if! bgfmg to mol’t Honourable Privy Council, referred to the t e W' then Attorney-General and Sollicitor, who certi- fied, among other Things, that the Confervancy of the River of Thames did, and ought to belong to the City of Londan. ‘ .. X. By QM Warranto. In the 3d 7acahi Regis, a Qno lVarranta be- Upon a2“ ing brought againlt the City in the Exchequer, to Wamlm 3“ know by what Title they claimed the Confervan— 0:2", mg: cy of the River of Thames, and of the Waters grid, m the of Medway: The City made their Title to the River. fame by ancient Prefcription. And Judgment was given for them. And all this was fpoken for Proof of the City’s Right. Next fOr Prbof of Ufage. to be That was fhewed I. By antient Ordinances. II. By Pnni/hment of Oflhizders. The Lord—Mayor and Aldermen have, Time Ordinances out of Mind, made Ordinances concerning the made 5); the? good Government of the River of Thames, for May” or . . . , the R'ver, 1 the Times and Manners of F lihing, beneath Lon— from king don-Bridge, ealtward, to be‘obferved upon Pains. Henry III’s And it appeareth, that from Time to Time, from Time- the Time of King Henry III, and fo downward, the Lord-Mayor hath removed Kidels, Wears, Trinkes, and other unlawful Engines; and hath reformed the Diforders of fuch as have offended in the River of Thames 5 and punilhed Offenders, fometimes by Imprifonment, fometimes by Fine, and by burning of their unlawful Nets. III. By Writs and Precepts. In the 9th of Henry V. Precepts were ilfued The Mayor under the Telte of the Lord-Mayor to the She— {ends fr?” rifis of Kent and Eflex, for the returning of Ju- stifling??- ries before the Lord—Mayor, to enquire of Of- ries. fences done in the River of Thames. . IV. By Acceunts. In the Accounts of the Chamberlains of Londan, Accounts for from the I 7th of Richard II. to the I 1th of Eli the. _Wflter- Reg. it appeareth, that the Water-Bailiff of Lan- 2:35;; den hath made fearch for unlawful Nets, in the g ‘ Waters of Thames and Medway. V. By Commiflions. In the 9th of Henry V. Commiflion was given Commiflion to the Lord—Mayor, to put in Execution the Acts to the Mays)? of Parliament, made for the Confervancy of the if Puttfiasam Waters of T hames'land Adedway; and to enquire b353,,“ - of all Offences,'made or done in the faid Waters, Thamer. and to punilh the Delinquents for the fame. A like Commiflion in the 3d of Henry VI. A like Commifiion in the 1ft of Elzf A like Commifiion in the lit 7acohi. ' - And Chap .‘ . Claims and Suits of the City, in Re- ard of the _ 0rd Admi- ral’s Preten-~ ces to the Thames. VIII. And all thefe, or the like Commiflions in this Cafe, were, and are direéted to the Lord-Mayor, for the Time being. . VI. By continual Claim. In the 37th of Henry VIII, Letters came from the Lord Admiral, for Stay of fuch Matters as were then in Qiefiion, between his Lordihip and the City, concerning the Jurifdiétion of this Ci- ty upon the River of Thames. In the 3d of Edward VI, Order was given, that the Chamberlain fhould take Care for Stay of certain Inqueflzs, charged by Virtue of a Com— miffion directed to the Lord Admiral, to enquire of Abufes in F ilhing beneath the Bridge. In the 4th of Edward VI, Matter common Serjeant was appointed to repair to the Duke of Somerjet, and to inform his Lordfhip of the Ci- ty’s Authority, in pulling down Wears within ’ the River of Thames. In the 6th of Eden. VI, Order was given, that Suit fhould be made to the King’s Majeity, and his Council, for the Determination and Allowance of the City’s lurifdiétion and Interefl: in the Ri- ver of Thames. In the III”. Marlee Reg. a great Number of the F iihermen of the eai’t Side of London, prefent in the Court of the Lord Mayor and Aldermen, were commanded to obey the Water-Bailiff. And “that one Hunter, of the Admiralty, fliould be King 7am: ‘ the Fay} con: firms the Ci- ty’s Right. and fet down at large. warned to be before the Lord Mayor‘and Alder— men at the next Court to be holden for the fame Matter. ' In the III: of Elif. Reg. certain Committees Were appointed to confer with the Lord Admiral, touching the Controverfy between his Honour and the City, concerning the Confervancy of the River of Thames. I In the 3d of Elzf certain Committees were ap— pointed to attend the Lord Admiral, concerning the Jurifdiétion of the River of Thames. In the 7th of Elif. the Lord Admiral to be conferred with, touching the City’s Jurifdiétion in the River of Thames. In the 8th of Elif. the Lord Admiral to be conferred with, touching the City’s Right to the Confervancy of the River of Thames. In the 13th of Elif. the Lord Admiral to be moved, that the City may enjoy their Liberties- in the Thames and Medway. In the 17th of Ell/I the Aldermen and others to confer with the Lord Admiral for the City’s Title in the River eaflzward. In the 2 3d of Elzf Mr. Norton, and others, appointed to attend on the Lord Treafurer of England, and to inform his Lordfhip touching the City’s Title to the Confervancy of the River of Thames below Landon—Bridge. In the 23d of Elzf Seflions appointed for the Confervancy of the River of Thames, the 9th of Ofioher, at Barking, in EflZ‘x ; and on the Wednef- day following to be kept at Woolwz'eh, in Kent. In the 24th of Elzf. certain Aldermen were appointed to treat with the Lord Admiral, touch- ing the Confervancy. , In'the 29th of Elif. Aldermen were appointed to go to the Lord Admiral, and to inform his Lordfhip touching the City’s Right to the Con— fervancy of the River of Thames, from London- Bridge to 2"enland and the Retalvers. In the Letters Patents granted by the King’s moi’c Excellent Majel’ty, in the third Year of his Reign, the City’s Title to the Confervancy of the River of Thames and Water of Medway is recited And therein Mention is made, that the City had been interrupted in the faid Office, and a Doubt conceived, that the fame did not belong to his Highnefs’s City of London. His Majefly therefore, of his efpecial Grace and \ Of the j’art’fiz’z’fiion of the Thames. Favour to the City of London, Ad omnem Contra- nerfiam in has Parte, temporihn‘s tam prafintihas quam futuris, tollendam, ac omne duhinm amen-en- dnm, 1. .e. to take. away.all Controverfy in this Behalf, for the Times as well prefent as to come, and to remove all Doubt, did bythofe his Let- ters Patents grant, ratify, and confirm to the City of London, the Confervancy of the faid River of Thames and Waters of Medway. - So much concerning the Right and Ufage. Now de Re ipfa, i. e. of the Thing itfelf. This Word Confervaney doth extend itfelf to the Prefervation of the Stream, and the Banks of the River, as alfo the Fiih and Fry within the fame. For by the Laws of the Land all naviga— ble Rivers are the high Streams of the King, for the PaITage of Ships, Boats, Ede. As the High? way isVz’a Regia for the People to pafs by. And, if the Banks be not kept from Decaying and En— croachment, it will not only be an Annoyance to the River itfelf, by diverting the Water and hindering the Navigation, but will alfo annoy the Grounds next adjoining to the fame. And if the F ifh be taken at undue Seafons, and the Fry not preferved, the F ifhing will be foon defiroyed. And, Fir/l, Touching the Stream, you are to enquire, Whether any Perfon or Perfons have erected any Wears, Kidels, or Engines ~, or knocked any Pol’rs, Piles, or Stakes, within the Rivers, or any Part thereof, which may in- any Sort hinder the Stream, or the Navigation, or Paflage of any Ships, Barges, Boats, or Veifels Within the fame. And whether any have caPc any Soil, Duft, or Rubbiih, or other Filth whatfoe- ver, into the fame. You are to prefent the Per- fons, Times, and Places, touching the Commit- ting of every fuch Offence. Secondly, You are to enquire of all Encroach- ments upon the River, and the Banks of the fame : And of all Bridges, Floodgates, Mill; dams, and fuch like Annoyances, erected or built upon, or near to the Banks of the fame River : And where, and by whom, and when the fame , were done. T hirdly, For the Prefervation of the F ifh and Fry within the River, you are to enquire, whe- ther any F ifherman, or other, hath fifhed at any undue or prohibited Seafons, or with any unlaw- ful or prohibited Nets or Engines. where, and by whom every fuch Olfence was committed. ' Thus much for a general Direé‘tion ; but for your more particular Infiruétion, and for the Eafe of your Memories, here be certain printed Arti- cles which you {hall have with you; to every one of which you {hall give a particular Anfwer. The like Charge was given by the faid Matter common Serjeant, on the next Day following at Lee, in the County of Efléx: And the like Sef— fions was kept there for the fame Purpofe. But it feems, thefe Privileges and Jurifdiétions in the Thames, thus claimed by the City, were not allowed by the COurt in King Charles the Fir/2’s Time, but thought to encroach upon the Prerogative of the King’s High Court of Admi- ralty : Some Pafi‘ages in the foregoing Difcourfe giving fuch Offence, that it had like to have Phindered the Sale of the fecond Edition of this Book, Anna 1633, being then newly printed. For King Charles the Fir/t, as foon as he heard of it, commanded Sir Henry Marten, the Judge of the Court of Admiralty, either to obliterate certain PaiTages out of the faid Book, Ibefore .lt came forth, or elfe to {top the Publilhing of it. For which Purpofe, Secretary Celre, by that King 5 Command, wrote a fpecial Letter to the {aid Judge. But, it being fomewhat too late to make thefe Correétions, the Book being now compleat— 1y printed off, the {aid Sir Henry Marten ordered ’ t 1e 1 The Mean ing and Ex- tent of the Confervancy. The Charge to the In- quell, con- cerning the Stream. Concerning Encroachr ments. And concern. ing the Fifh- ermen._ And when, I This Jurif- diétiori difal— lowed of by King Charles the Fig/E, as infringing the Admiralty. 7. s. 4.0 The Benefit of the River Thames. 7. s. Locks and Wears on it. The Danger of them. . The Increafe of Barges, wcflward. . Loehi, Wears, and Mil/5'. the Company of Stationers to print the Secreta- ry’s Letter to him at the End of theBook, and his own ‘Letter and Order to them thereupon. Which was accordingly done, and they were as follow : To my Honourahle Friend Sir HENRY MARTEN, Knight, 7aa’ge of the High Court of the admiralty. “ IR, his Majei’cy underflanding that there “ is a fecond Edition of Stofwe’s Survey of “ the City of London, new put to Sale, wherein “ there are fome Pafl'ages prejudicial to his Ma- “ jei’ty’s Right in 'his Admiralty, and. deroga- “ tory to the jufi: Power belonging thereunto : “ He doth, therefore, require you, his Judge in “ that High Court, to examine the faid Book, “ and to caufe the faid PaiTages, inferted in Pre- “ judice of the Admiral Jurifdiétion, and in “ Support of any other Pretence againf’c the “ fame, to be left out -, or elfe to prohibit the "‘ Publifliing and Sale of the faid Book. And, “ for fo doing, this Signification of his Majef— ‘ ty’s Pleafure may be your fufiicient Warrant. “ So I reit - fl Further Execution of the Letter abovementi— oned could not be made, for that it came after the Imprefiion was finiihed and publiihed. HENRY MARTEN.. .To the Mafler and Warden: of the Company of STATIONERS. “ OU may underf’cand by the Contents of “ the Letter abovementioned, direéted un- “ to me, what is required at my Hands to per- .“ form. Iam, therefore, to require you, upon “ your Receipt hereof, forthwith to caufe the , “ Book to be brought unto you, and to take “ .Order that all the Words, together with the “ Copy of the Letter, and'fny Anfwer thereunto, “ as above made for .this Impreflion, to be im— "‘ printed Page 939, Col. printa, verbatim, in all “ thesfaid Books, as well fold, as hereafter to “. be fold, before any further Sale of the faid “ Books be made; and this fhall be your'War- “ rant in this Behalf. ‘ Dot’t‘or: Commons, HEVR Y MAR TEN’ A A I Garlide Hit/2, 2x Your W764 Friend 10 WWW", 2“ D‘“ '633' Dee.1633. JOHN COKE. V‘ C H A P. IX. A inore particular fleeoant of the Lochs, the Wears, and Mills on, the Thames. Pahiieh Orders for the Prrgflar‘vation of it, and the Ft/h. HE Wealth and Health of London is ow- “ing chiefly to this noble River, in Refpeét of the plentiful Supplies it affords of Wa— ter, the Maintenance of a great and rich Traf- fic, by the Conveyance of Goods and Com- modities outward and inward, and the preferv- ing of the City fweet and clean, by the carrying away all the Filth and Soil that mull needs be produced by Reafon of fuch a Number of Fami- lies and Employments- . ' And therefore great Care was always taken for the Preferving of this River. In Procefs of Time, many Wears, and Locks, and Mills were made on it. Whereby the free Paffage of the Water was hindered. Infomuch that, about the Year I 578. or 1579, there were three and twenty Locks, fix- tecn Mills, fixteen Flood-Gates, feven Wears on this River, betWeen Maidenhead and Oxford. Whereof one 7ohn Bi/hop made. a Complaint to the Lord Treafurer Bttrleigh. To whom he fhew- ed, how, by thefe Stoppages of the Water, feveral Perfons, to the Number of 15 or 16, in four Years only, had been drowned, and their Goods loft; having been Perfons belonging to Barges and Vefi'els ufing the River. But, notwithi’tanding thefe Complaints, about the Year 1584., or I585, there were above feven- ty Locks and Wears, that is, Thirty more, at leaft, than there were but fix Years before. And, whereas before there were not above ten or twelve Barges employed to and fro, now the Number was increafed to Fourfcore, and were of much: greater Bulk and Bignefs than before was ufeda. Some of thefe Locks were extraordinary dan?’ gerous in paiiing. The oing up the Locks was fo Iteep, that every ear Cables had been broken that colt 4.001. and Bargemen and Goods; drowned. And, in coming down, the Waters fell‘ fo high, that it funk the Vefi'els, and defiroyed‘ Corn and Malt wherewith they were laden ; and efpecially. one Lock, called Marlow Look, "of which there had been great Complaints. It'was. held by one Farmoar. The Streams there were lb; firong, and the Water had fuch a difmal Fall," 1 that four Men within a fhort Time were loft; Three whereof drowned, and a Fourth had his Brains daflied out. And all the Recompence the poor Widow had, was, that Farmoar gave her five Shillings. But, befide the Danger, it was very expenfive to the poor Bargemen, the Millers felling the Water in the Stream _for above 300 l. a Year. Two of thefe Locks, which were mof’c complained of, wereviewed by four Aldermen of the City, and other Citizens, who well perceived the Danger thereof. It appears, that a Barge pafiing from Leehlode ‘to London pays Thirteen Pounds fifteen Shillings and fix Pence; and from Oxford to London,lTwelve Po'unds eighteen Shillings. - But this is a Charge only in Summer, and paid for Flafhes, when the Wateris low: And there is no Leek on this River, from London-Bridge, ’till you come to Bolter’s;Loe/r, which is fifty one Miles and an Half.] Book ‘I.’ The forementioned 7ohn Bi/hop made Com- Complained plaint again hereof to the Lord Treafurer; and, of to the in omen r58 5, made his Petition to the ween, Q19?“- ‘ in the Name of the Widows and fatherlefs Chil- dren, whofe Parents and Hufbands were by thefe Means flain, againi’t the great Mifchiefdone to her loving Subjects, by the great Number of dangerous Locks, Wears, Mills, and Flood- gates, unlawfully ereétedyand made in and upon many Places of the River, contrary to the Sta- tutes againi’t the fame necefl‘arily provided. He prayed her Majefty to give Commandment, that his Complaint, and a Proof thereof contained in Writing thereunto annexed, might be diligently heard and examined -, and, thereupon, Order taken as the 'Neceflity of the Caufe required. He fp'oke of eleven Kings that made ood Laws 3.- ‘ gainft thefeStoppages of the Water in the Thames, viz. Henry III. Edward III. Iiiehard II. Henry IV. Henry V. Henry VI. Edward IV. Henry VII. Henry VIII. Edward VI. and Qriiseen Elzy‘aheth. (Thofe concerned inthefe Loc , Mills, the very Day after this, Complaint, Otto- 5er :4, gave in awe; by Wily 0f Petitions}? .t e , Wears, , and The Cafe of thefe Mills and Locks defended. Chap. ~ilX; B arges . the faid Treafurer, of Reafons for the Mainte- nanceof them upon the River -, with the Caufes of the Danger thereof, and fame Account of the Perfons lately drowned there. Fir/l, Touching and in Behalf of thefe Mills and Locks upon the Thames; that they were of as great Antiquity as the Towns and Villages whereunto they adjoin ; and as ancient Evidence to be lhewnlfor them, as any Man hath for any Land he held within the Realm of England. That they were of fuch Nepefiity, as that, without them, the great Multitude -and Number of the Qieen’s People, Inhabitants, between Maiden- head-Bridge and the City of ’Oxford, {hould not well know where to have their Corn ground ; be- fides Mealing to the City of London, and other Places. That they were alfo of great Neceflity for the Paffage of Barges, and, efpecially, at low Waters. For, as then, for Want of Water, when they lay on Grotind, they had no Help but by Sh‘utting of the faid Locks, to fend down fome F lalhes of Water, whereby to fet them on float, which otherwife fliould lie Ptill for a long Time. That, Within the Banks or Wears belonging to the faid Mills, were contained infinite Loads of Chalk, and other Rubbilh 3 which, if they fhould be 100de or flirted, it were the next Way to choak the River, and, thereby, to overthrow the Subltance of all Paifage. That, notwithftand- ing divers and fundry Laws heretofore made for the Furtherance and PaITage of Ships, Barges, and other VeITels, yet were the faid Mills, Locks, and Wears within the River of Thames never im- peached, as Things repugnant to Law, or of- fenfive to the Commonvlealth, for and until fuch Time as one Bryhop began his outrageous At- tempts therein. It was alfo to be underliood, that the Mills, Locks, and Wears within the River, a- mounting in the Whole to the Number of 70, or thereabouts were, for Part, the @een’s Inheri— tance : And, for the Refidue, the Inheritance of divers other of her Subjeé’ts -, the Qleen having only a Way or Paffage for her People through the {aid Locks. And that Marlow Lock, par— ticularly, was as well maintained, or better, than ever it was in any Age paflz. And that it was obtained from the Qieen in the tenth Year of her Reign 3 and that the fame was now as well and carefully ufed as ever it was, and f0 fully proved by fundry Depofitions remaining of Re- cord in her Majefty’s Court of the Star-Chamher, befides fundry other Depofitions taken before the Commiflioners of Sewers, as alfo by the feveral Decrees made in the Qaeen’s faid Court of Star- Chamher. Secoadly, As for the Caufes why the Pafl’age ' through thefe Locks was become fomewhat more perilous than heretofore; they were, That the Barges were now of greater Burthen than ever they were in Time pail, being almofi: double of what they were wont to be. That they laded them fo extremely as therein was no Meafure : That they were in Time paf’t wont to unlade Part of their Lading beneath the Lock, when they were to come up, and take it in again above. And, namely, when they brought up but feven or eight Loads; whereas now, of twenty Loads, they commonly would not. unlade any Thing: That they entertained People of no Skill, and fuch as, for many of them, ufed nOt that Fore- fight that were meet. That many Times they would travel up and down fo late and f0 early, that they could not fee, or perceive what they did. That they commonly {pared neither Sabbath-day, nor others; befides much ill Demeanor, too long to» be recited. And, in fine, that there was more Likelihood of Peril in thefe Days than hereto- fore, in that the Number of Barges, within the 1 l t , l”, Loehs, Whom, awe? [Mil/s. Time of Memory, were increafed, from the Num- 4: her of Ten or Twelve, to that of Fourfcore, \or " thereabouts. .Laflly, As touching the Perfons drowned and (lain at Marlow Lock within thefe eight Years, one was drowned by manifefi; Negligence, partly that the Barge was overcharged with a greater Burthen than {hould have been; and alfo, that it wanted Walk-boards on the Sides, as all other Barges commonly had for their Defence. Another, in Truth, was drowned, but not at the Lock. Ano- ther killed by his own Negligence and Folly. Another came up the faid Lock in the Winter fo late, as he could not difcern what he, did. That it was no Marvel, though they now and then break a Cable; in that they were many Times made of ill Stuff, and their Barges being fo great, and fo unmeafurably laden. That, in all Ages pal’t, fome now and then had by Negligence of Watermen perilhed at the faid Locks; which, next to the Providenceof Almighty GOd, were by the good Forefight and Provifion of the Paf- fengers chiefly to be holpen, and could not other- wife be provided for.‘ At another Time, when the like Complaint was made againf’t thefe Mills, Locks, and Wears, thefe Things were faid and proved for the Main- tenance of them. Firl’t, that they were ereéted and made, and fohave continued for many hun- dred Years, without any Challenge or Interrup- tion. That the Laws and Statutes of this Realm, whereof the Lai’t was made in the 12th of Ed.1V, that touch the Reformation of Locks and Wears, extend only to fuch as then were credited to the Diliurbance of Barges and other Veffels. Where- as at that Time there was no common Paffage for Barges f0 far as Marlow or By/ham, as it was upon‘ vehement Prefumption thought. That it was further to be molt manifel’tly proved, that, with- inthe Memory of fuch as be yet living, there were not above the Number of. four Barges that palTed fo far into the River of Thames as Marlow, or By/ham; and that fuch as then pafi‘ed were not above half the Burthen of fuch as now commonly palfed by the faid River, being near about the Number of Threefcore. That it was molt cer- tain and true, that fuch inconfiderate People, and, namely, of the faid Bargemen as wifhed, or de‘ fired the Decay, or Pulling down the Locks and Wears, defired therein but their own great Hin- derance, or rather Undoing; ctmfidering that without them they'could not pals; and that ma- ny Times, and efpecially at low Waters, they were enforced to defire the Shutting of the faid Locks, to the End to convey Water for the Re: moving of their Barges when they were fet on‘ Ground. That, if the faid Wears fhould be pula' led down, there were fuch Qiantities of Chalk, Reafons for the Maintains ing the Wears. and other Rubbifh, therein, as that, by the loof-2 . ing thereof, fuch Hills would grow in many Places, as that a fmall Boat, in divers Places of’ the Thames, would hardly pafs. That, in Cafe the faid Paifage fhould be dil’turbed, it fhould‘ not only tend to the great Let and Hindrance of the Qleen’s Provifion, and of her City of London, but alfo of divers of her Subjeéts and‘ People. That the Provifion for grinding of great’ Part of the Inhabitants Corn within the Couna" ties of Books, Berks, and Orton, relied upon the IMills fitUate within the faid River; which, with-' out the faid Locks and Wears, could not be. maintained, or grind any Thing; and, fliould they decay, the Inhabitantswould be to feel; Iwhere to grind their Corn. That, in all thepCom- imifllons ”of Se'wers,that in” any Age or Time had been awarded, thefe Mills and Locks were never“ thought to be within the Precinét of any Lawssf or in any Refpeét meet to be reformed. Thag’ 42 Com Mills e- reéted on the River. The City pe- tition the (ligeen to fet up certain Mills near the Bridge. The Certifi- cate of the Trinity-Holy}. Orders fir if any Diforder were herein, the fame were to be reformed by the ordinary Proceedings of the QICC ‘s Majetty’s Laws, and not otherwite. Ab utthe Year I 508, certain Mills were ereé‘t— ed upon this River Thames, near the Bridge, to grind Corn for the better Supply of the City. For the City had, for tome Years patt, fufi'ered very much by Reafon of Dearth, and Scarcity of. Corn, and that increafed greatly for tome Num- ber of Miles about the City, in regard of the Difficulty of grinding of Corn for the Relief of the Poor. Therefore, in the Month of March, I 588, the Mayor, Aldermen, and Commonal- "ty of the City, petitioned the Qieen, that they might erect four Corn Mills on the River of Thames, under two Roofs near the Bridge, in fuch Places where it thould breed no Annoyance. Whereupon feveral *of the Council, viz. the Lord Chancellor Hatton, the Earl of Leicdter, Charles Hewara’, Baron Of Efingham, Sir Francis Knoliys, Sir Francis WaMngham, tent their Letter, flpril I, I 588, from the Court at Greenwich, to Mr. Rookcyhy, Matter of St. Katherine’s, Mr. Fan- ]haw, Mr. Peter Ofl/orn, Remembrancer of the Exchequer, with this Order, viz. To call before them fuch as the Mayor and City fhould appoint to follow this Caufe -, and, likewife, tome of the principal Officers of the Navy, and others of the Matters of T rinity—Houfe ; and to advife them to confult together, whether the Ereétion of thefe Mills might be beneficial or inconvenient, and in what Sort and Place it thould be thought necef- fary they thould be fet up. That, being by them advifed, the (alien might be moved to grant their Requett, it it City, and not hurtful to the River of Thames. The three, aforefaid, at length returned this Cer- tificate to the Council : ’ That by the Certificate of the principal Officers of the Navy, and the chief Matters of the T rinity-Hanfe, and the eight Matters and Overfeers of the River, and other the Aflittants of the Company of Watermen ; as alfo by their own View and advifed Confideration, it was found, that the Ereéting of the taid Mills would not be hurtful nor prejudicial to the Thames any Way : And, alto, would work Benefit, and no Inconvenience, to far forth as hitherto they could fee and perceive. This was dated May 16, I 588. The Certificate of the Matters and Aflit’tants of the T rinity—Honfe was this : . “ Whereas it hath pleated the Lords of her “ Majetty’s mott Honourable Privy-Council, to “ direét their Letter to the Worthipful Mr. “ Rooke/hy, Matter of St. Katherine’s, Mr. Fan- “ ]haw, Mr. O/horn, Commitiioners for the Build- ‘ “ ing of certain Mills on the fouth Side of Thames, {Divers Mills 11 on'the hams anti- ently. “upon the Starlings above the Bridge: And ‘~‘ the Commiflioners, above-named, have tent “ for us the Matter and Aflittants of the T rinity- “ Hon/e of Deptford—Strana’, in Kent, that we “ thould make the Survey, whether the ereéting ‘ and building of thofe Mills might be preju- ‘ dicial or hurtful to the faid River; We whofe “ Names are hereunder written, with others, “ have taken a View of the faid Place, and do “ find, as far as we can judge and forefee, it “ will not be hurtful nor prejudicial to the faid .“ River in any Way, April 4, I 588. ahn Hawkins, PVilliamvHol/loc/e, Richard Gihhs, Matter, By rne, Edw. III/ilhinfon, By me, PI/ill. Harris, By me, Peter Hills. By me, T he. [Indra-s. an In former Times, there feem to have been di- vers Mills upon the Thames. One Mill there was below the Bridge on Southward Side, which be- longed to the Monks of Rocheyter. 'For, in the . Year I 197, in an Exchange made between Ha- I ould be found behoofeful for the' the Thames. Book I. hert Archbilhop of Canterhary and the Monks of ‘Momflic. Roche/fer, Mention is made of 9. Mill that thofe Acts/1'6- Monks had in Senthwark upon Thames, towards the Eat’t, againtt the Tower ofLona’on. But thefe Mills are now all taken away, for the lets Annoy- ing of the River. ’ » And, indeed, as London couldnot be London without the Thames, to great Care was taken in former Times to preferve it clean and clear of all Annoyances, and particularly agai'ntt the De- ttruétion of the F ith, which were of many Sorts, and very good in their kind. rHence, in Septem- ber 1584., Orders were tet forth for the Confer— vation of the River of Thames, which were as follow : / Fifi}, That there thould be no' Purprettures, Encroachments, Wharfs, Banks, Walls, or Build- ing of Houfes in or upon the Thames, to the flop— ping of the Pafl'age. Item, That no Dung, Rubbith, or other Filth be catt into the Thames. Item, That no Potts nor Stakes be fixed in the Thames. Item, That the fair Way be kept as deep and clean as heretofore it hath been. ' , ”Pyke 14 No Perfon thall Barbel _ I 2 tell, utter, or take Salmon 16 an F ith contra Trout 8 to the ancient Art}: Tench < 8 'hlnches fize fet down by Roach Decree, viz. Dace g 6 LFlounder L J 'Carp {Smelts Aloes ] I Bleaks F ilh not yet at— Chevin Shads fized, viz. Perch > < Mackarel Eels ‘ I [Lampries tGudgeonJ Lamprons ”Salmons; between the Nati— vity of our Lady and St. Martin’s. Kipper Salmons; not to be taken at any Time of the Year. Fence-Month's, Trouts; between Mchaelmas and Times, in . and Chrz/tmas. . which thefe F ithes< are not to\ be ta- ken, viz. For Roaches, between I 5 Days before St. Martin’s and I 5 Days after. {Between the fif- l teenth of April £ampries and the fifteenth ampronsi of flugufl, viz. .. four Months. rStalker Nets '] ‘ Z Trynck Nets NoFifhermen,Garth- [' Wears ‘} g Purt'e Nets men, Petermen, Dray. | Ingins | 8 Calling Nets men, or Tynkermen,< Rowte Wears > ”WK Berd Nets {hall advance or ten up Pight Wears l n Pot Nets any LFoot Wears J 2-} Barrack Nets ' V . at Crooks LHeaving Nets J 'Blee-Nets mutt be two Inches and an Half. Dray-Nets and Kedals forbid— den. Cod-Nets to be ufed between Candlemas and our Lady-day. (Mutt be 2 Inch- es large in the Math, except betweenCandle- mas andourLa- L alv-day in Lent. ' A Pride-Net, not to be occu— pied, but by fpecial Licence of the Water-Bailiff, and not b above a Yard in Length. Places Nets forbidden. The Meafure of< . . T teat-Nets l certain Nets, vzz. Peter-Nets? Vol. 3. P. 4. Orders for the Confervation of the River. Except they be 2 Inches in the Math. Chap. The Extent of the Lord Mayor’s Ju— rifdiétion of the River Thames. R. B. Gramflntl. Tilhary- Fort. X. Thwns [Eated on the Thames ‘ Places inhibited to fifh in, called Water Friths, 'Sa'wt'onr’s .Milne by 'Wéfl- viz. Mill—Dams, Locks, and fuch-like. Goofe Baits prohibited, viz. White Bait at Gowlch, Fleet, at Bit/herd. Well Fleet, at the Ala/e. . St. or Blood Bag] . ' CHAP. X. Afarther Account of this famous River of Thames, as to a ranch as the Lord—Mayor of London is Con/emator of : With a fhort/De/crlption of the divers. Towns ana’ Places, within the fatal Limits, that are : Banks, on either Sia'e, in Kent, Effex, Middlefex, and Surry, ' HE Lord Mayor then is Confervator of T the River Thames from the Mouth thereof, which is at the Block—Houfes almofi againl’t Gravryenel in the Bait, to a Place called Cohne Ditch, in Snrry, a little above Stanes Bridge in the Welt ;, where is a Stone ereéted, with the City Arms carved thereon, and is called London Mark- Stone. The Dil‘tance betwixt which two Places, according to the Courfe of the River, is above fixty Miles. ‘ .The Banks of this River, which fevereth the Counties of Eflx and Meldlefex from Kent and Snrry, afford fuch Variety of Objeéts, as good Towns, fair Buildings, two of the King’s Pala- ces, ‘viz. Greenwich in Kent, and Hampton-Court in Ma’dlefex, befides all the fouth Side of the Ci- ty of London; alfo the infinite Number of Ships and Vefi'els of all Sorts continually floating upon the River, that a German Poet thus writes con- cerning it: . Tot Campos, Sylvas, tot ‘Regia Yetta, tot Hortos, Artifici excnltas dextra, tot ‘via’imns flrces, Ut nanc flufonio Thamifis cam Tibride certet. We faw to many Woods and princely BoWers, Sweet Fields, brave Palaces, and fiately Towers; So many Gardens, 'drefs’d with curious Care, That Thames with royal Tyher may compare. ' And another Stranger, to the like Purpofe : The pleafant Objeét of fweet verdant Bowers, 'Enveloped with Flora’s fragrant Flowers ; The goodly Profpeét of iky—kifiing Hills, _ 0f fertile Plains, vein’d o’er with purling Rills, More ravifh’d not my Senfes with Delight, Than did the Banks of Thames tranfport my Sight. . Of the molt remarkable Objeéts I {hall give the Reader a brief Account -, beginning at Gravef— end in Kent, and Tilhnry—Fort in EflEx, where the 'Lord Mayor’s Jurifdiétion begins. V I . Gra‘vefend, feated on the fouthern Bank of the Thames, a Place of great Refort, as being the com— mon Landing-place for Strangers and Seamen in their Paflage to London; as likewife the accuf- tornary Place of taking of Shipping, and the rea~ dy Road for France: All which doth occafion it to be well inhabited and reforted unto, and fuf— ficieritly furnifhed with Inns, Taverns, and other Houfes of Entertainment : And its Markets, which are Wednefelays and Saturdays, are well pro- vided with Provifions ', yet all Things want for no Price. It is a Mayor Town. Here is all Conveniency for Travel for its Inhabitants, e1- ther by Water, or by Land in the Stage-Coach- es, or Hackney Horfes, which are always to be had. either to London, or Rochefler, or elfewhere. 2. The Bloch—Honfes, called ‘filhnry-Fort , the one near Grave/lend in Kent, and the other oppo- fite to it in Ejfex, near Tilhnry, a fmall Town, of chief Note for Qieen Elifaheth’s coming hither to view her Camp, after her defeating the Spam/h Armada on St. yames’s Day, in the Year 1588. Thefe two Forts are well fiored with Ammuniti‘ . on, and Guns continually mounted and loaded, fo that no Shipor VeITel can come in or go out of the River without their Permifiion. Of thefe Forts, that on . the Eflhx Side is by much the greater, lieth more Open, and better to command Vefl‘els i And here is always kept a Garrifon of Soldiers for its better Security, with a good Traél: of Ground walled in. featea’ on its _ 43 3. Greenhith, feated on the Kenti/h E; :5- 3;" Mme" chief Account for its Chalk Pits ; many raoys and fmall Veffels being employed to carry the fame to London and other Places -, of this Chalk, Lime being made, f0 ufeful in Building. 4. Grayes, an indifferent Market—Town, and Gray“. of fome Account for Calves and Poultry: A lit- tle further weftward is a Place called Stone-Nefs, Stone-Ne/i. which is at the Entrance into that Part of the River called the Long Reach. , 5. Dartford—Creele, fo called frOm the Town of Dartford, not far diftant. This Town is very good, and well inhabited, and furnifhed with Inns and Public Houfes; as feated on the high Road from London to Rochdler, and fo to Dover and elfewhere; and, by Reafon of the Creek that falleth into the Thames, is a great Conveniency of tranfporting Commodities to London; which makes its Market, which is on Saturdays, to be confiderable, and much reforted unto by Meal; men and Cornchandlers. In the Reign of King Richard II, Anne I 381, Tyler’s impious Rebelli— on began here, occafioned by an Abufe which a Collector of the Poll Money offered to the Daugh— ter of one 70hn Tyler of this Town, who made himfelf Captain or Head of the Rabble ; and, be- fore they were difperfed, committed great Spoils -, he took the Name of fade Straw. This Story is fufliciently taken Notice of in our Hiftory. 6. About a Mile more weftward from Dart— forel-Creeh, is Crayforcl—Ne s. 7. Erith, a Town of no great Account. Op- pofite to this Town in Eflex, is a Place called Cold-Harhonr. 8. Raymond—Creek, on the Side of Eflex. Next to it is Dagenhanz—Creeh. About a lVIile and a Half more weftwards, is the Halfway Tree, on Efla Side ; and, over-againft in Kent, is the Half— wayp—Houfe, fo called, as feated in the Midway betwixt London and Gravefi’na’. _ 9. Barking-Creek 3 and two Miles further weft- ward, and on the fame Side, is a lone Hou’fe, cal- Long Reach. C'raj'r‘forttC AIe/s . Erith. Cold Harhonr. Raynham- C rec/c . Dag ear/tank C‘l‘l‘ri’.‘ H :11 :‘way Tree .21 nd Ho u f e. Balding- Cree/5. led the Devil’s Honfie ; for what Reafon, I know Devil’s Holt/3’. not. 10. Woolwich, feated on the Kenti/h Side, 10W, malwz‘ch, and not. over healthful; but, by Reafon of its Dock and Storehoufes for the Navy Royal, IS a Place Well inhabited, efpecially by thofe that have their Dependance. thereon. And in tlllS Dock have been built the belt Ships of War 3 amongf’c which the Royal Sovereign, Anno 1637, being in The Royal Length by the Keel, 127 Beam 47 Feet; and in Depth 49 Feet; M . Draught F eet; in Breadth by the Sowcrz‘ign,acd. her its Dimcnh- one, 65:. Ham— Cree/l. Me afDogr. Greenwich. EZ’o-wmyétztea‘l‘ m: the: Thames: Draught of Water 2 I Feet; her' Bhrth’en' in all 20‘72'T'o'ns,‘ and‘ 1492- Tons, befides Guns, Tackle, {9%. , She hath fix Anchors; whereof the biggei’t Weighs 6000 Th. and'the leaft 4300 lb. She hath fourteen Cables, whereof the greatcft is 666 In- ches Diameter, and 21 Inches in Compafs, andx weighs 9000 lb. Her lealt Cable being 254 In— ches Diameter, and 8 Inches in Circumference, and weighs near 1300 lb. Unto her belbn‘ged‘ eighteen Maits- and Yards ; whereof the Main—mal’C-__is r1 3 F eet' long,and 33' Inches Diameter; her Main—yard I~O _ Feet long, and 23 Inches Dihfr‘ie’t'e‘r ;‘ and lier‘Miaihato’p 1';- Feet Diameter, _ ’ SheI carriediTen-feV/eral Sorts of Sails; of feve- raliN’atne‘s ;" of which: her greatelt is her Main Contiféfioge‘ther‘wiith‘ her Bonnet,-whic—h contains 1:6‘40 Yards of canvas-,1 and' her‘ F ore—Top Gal— lahf Saii contains 1-30 Yards. One compleat Set dr’Suito’f Sails; belongi'ngiunto her, will’co'fc 4.04. l. Sterlihg: V _,The” Weight of the Sea Store, Tackle, and Cordage," is 60 Tons, 800 and odd Pounds. She carries a Long—Boat of 50 Feet, a‘Pin— nace of 36 F eét, and a Skiff 0f 27 Feet long. V The “Teight of her Rigging, 33 Tons. She carried three Tire of Guns, all of Brafs- ; whereof there are 44 in her upper Tire, 34 in her fecond, and 22 in her lo'wer Tire; in all :00 G11 5. - fier Complement 0f Mariners, Soldiers, and Officers, was 850 Men. Her whole Charges fOr Wages, Diet, Ammu- nition, with Wear and Tear, for every Month {he is at Sea, cofts the King 3500 I. As hath been computed by experienced Accomptants in Maritime Affairs. ’ This Royal Ship was curioufly carved, and gilt With Gold ; fo that, when {he was in the En- gigement againlt the Dutch, they gave her the attic of the Golden Devil ; her Guns being whole Cannon, making fuch Havock and Slaughter a- mongl’c them. _ :11. Ovtr-againit Woolw'z’cb, on the mac Side, is Hoot-Crook. And, about two Miles more wefiwards, is the River Loo, which parts the County of Eflox from Imam. Next is the Me of D 3, being _a low marfhy ‘Gmund,’ [0 called, as is sported, for that a Wa- terman carried a Man into this Marlh, and there murthered him. The Man having a D00 with: him, he would not leave his Maf’ter -, but unger‘ forced him many Times to fwim over the Thomas to Greenwicb -, which'the Watermen who plied at the Bridge obferving, fOIIOWed the Dog over 3 and [by that Means the 'murthered Man was difcover- ed. Soon after the Dog fwimming over to Green- wicb Bridge, where there was a Waterman feated, ‘at him the Dog fnarled, and would not be beat off ; which the other Watermen perceiving, and knowing of the Murther, apprehended this itr'ange Waterman, who confefled the F aft, and was condemned and executed. ' . 12. Over-againl’c the leo of Dogs, is Greenwich, a large and'pleafant Town, feared on the Banks of ‘ the River Thames ; being well inhabited, and frequented by Gentry, and Citizens of . the firi’t Rank, and graced with a once Prately Palace of the King, being of good Antiquity, whbfeiFoun- dations were firit laid'by Hump/fly, "DleC of Glo- czylor, and enlarged and beautified by feve'ral fuc- ceeding Kings. Out of the Ruins of this Struc- ture, King Charles the Second, after his happy R‘eitoration, began to rebuild it, and proceeded to one End of a'ltately'Pile of Building, all of Free-Prone; but for forne Reafons difcontinued it. And now his late Majefty King William hath Book, 1. given it for an Hofpital for poor, ancient, and fmailned Seamen, that had ferved in the Royal, lFleet. And there is, and according» to. allProd bability will be, a good Revenue fettled thereon, for the Support thereof -, and Governors are cho‘ fen for the looking after the fame. An Account whereof will be given afterwards. Adjoining to this Palace, is a fmall, but plea.“ fant Park -, and upon a Hill, about Half a Mile from the Heufe, is a' fair LodgeeHb'ufe,‘ which. affords a deleétable Profpeét. In this Houfe, there was a Part allotted by .King Cborles'jbo' Seroml, for Mr. Flam/lead, for this: making—his Celefltial Obfewatiuns of: the P1a- nets, Go. in Order to further Knowledge and Im— ‘ provement‘ of Aftmnorny ; having ageod-Stipend. fettled on him, and being. accommodated with Telefcopes of the largeft and belt Contrivance, as alfo with other mathematical. Initruments, fit for- fuch-Ufe ; and having alfo a- deep well, to make.- his Obfervations in. [Which arevery large, and" printed by his Order in Folio 3 but. by him not yet thought fit to be'publilhed. And, though he, be now of a very great Age, is {till making his Obfervations. The Salary he hath, and. doth. yearly receive, is zool. per Aim, as is faid.], I 3. Doptford, the Upper andpthe Lower, whiCh, Dept/am; taken together, is very large; the Upper being much the better, both for Buildings and Inhabi-r. tants’ -, and is the more reforted unto, by Reafon of his Majelty’s Dock and Storehoufes, for the- Building and Equipping of the Ships of the Na— vy Royal. Here is allo another Yard, for the Building of Ships for Merchants. And this Town parts the two Counties of Kent and Saar): : So that now we come to the Shores of Mdzllefi’x and Surry. On the north Side of which Shores, are the Cities of London and Mflmz'nfler ; and on the South, the Borough of Soutbwork ; which Places mul’t be treated of in a larger Manner, in the Progrefs of this Work. 14. But, before we come to London, we meet Blacémll; with Blockwoll, on .Mz'zldlcyéx Side; where there is a 'very fpacious Dock and Yard, for the Build.- ing and Equipping of Ships, belonging to Sir Henry 701mm, whofe Dwelling was there. I 5. Limolaoaflz, a very populous Place, with leebUZf/Z’; fair Buildings next the River, which. are inhabi- 75‘ $1: ‘ted by Mariners, and thofe whole Dependance is On the Sea. {And therefOre here is one of the Fifty new Churches ereéted.] On the other Side, viz. that of Saw}, is Ro- tlzorloitlo. ' Near to this Place is Cut/colds Paim‘, where Cubic/4'4 there is a large Pair of Horns fixed upon a Pole. P057”. I know not the Fancy for it. Thus having given you a View of fuch re~ markable Places on the cal-t Side of London-Bridge, I now come to fpeak of thofe on the weft Side. And then the_firft Platte that cometh to out View, is, , ‘16. The Neat/soaks, being a Parcel of Houfes The Neat; taken up‘by Gardeners for planting of Afparagus, ball/m Melons, Cucumbers, Artichokes, 59°C. which find good Vent at London, and for which they are of Note. 17. Cbolfeo College, a large and fiately Struc- Clef/24 Cal-3 ture, with curious Gardens; being made Ufe of lege- fer an Holpital for maimed and ancient Soldiers. 1‘ c0u-ld wilh that fuch a fine Building had been rather appmpriated for decayed Gentlemen : But of this Building more will be laid, in the Chapter of Colleoes and Hofpitals. _ I8. Cool/ea, aTown not large, butgraced with (Mafia; good well—built Houfes, efpecially of late Years, amongl‘t which, are feveral large Houfes, the Seats of Noblemen; as the Right Honourable the Lord Cheney, who is Lord-of the Manor : Then a large Houfe, . now the Duke of Booufori’s, 4, formerly C1139? X‘ formerlypf the~ Duke OfflBlltflflflgdldm; then the Houfe, of the Earl of Lind/6y, no'w'Dulte'IOf A72- cafler“. ‘ ' ' ' 19, Batterfea, almolt over-againlt Cnelfea, a pretty’handfome Town. Both in this Town, as Wellas in 'Cnelfiea, are. divers Gardeners, fervic‘e— able ‘9, the Cities_\of'\London, and Wcflmz'nfler, for their Commodities. The chief Home, in this Battarfed. TOvvn, is, the Seatof Sir_Walter. St. 70/272, ere; " ated,‘hy hisMajeltyKing George, Lord Batter- fiat; a finewellbuilt'Houfe, feated on the Banks of the River Thames, with fine Gardens. Putneyi V '20. Pntney, alfo featcid in Snrry, as was the for- mer, graced with large and good'Buildings, well; inhabited, by Gentry ; and the more for its good Air,_a‘nd the Diverfion its large Heath afiords. Where there is a Bonding—Green, well reforted unto in the Summer Seafon; ’ _ i ‘ 21. Fnlbam, in Middle/ex, oppofite to Patney : A pretty large Town, with forne good I-lbufes MidiawHoizfi. for the Gentry -, amongl’t which is Met/tow 'Honfe, very pleafantly feated, "afmall Diltance from the Town, with large Orchards and Gardens; the Seat of‘Sir. ' ’ William, Baronet. Then in Par/bits, Green, which belongs to the Parilh of Falloam, are very good Houfes‘ for Gen- try; where the Right Honourable the Earl of Peterdorongb, hath a large Heule, with {lately Gardens, Wei’twardsof the Town, the Bifhop of London hath his Palace, Which: is an old but good Building, with fine Gardens. 'Repaired by the prefent Lord Bifhop. ' V ' 22. Barn Elms, of Note for its lofty Elm Trees ; at the upper End of which is alarge and new Feel/2am: Pat/6n: Green. Barn Elms. brick Houfe, at prefent the Seat of Sir Matthew E p 4 gin Ol’tentation'of his great Riches; and afterwards enlarged’by King Henry VIII, and new beautified ’by his late Majefiy’ King William. ' ' ' ' i Andrews. 23. Mortlaole, on Snrry Side, graced with divers good'Houfes, Citizens and Gentry. i 24. Cloifwz'ok, the- Seats of the Earl of Fal- conberg, and of feveral Gentlemen. ' Now we ‘are crofl’ed over on Mddlefi’x Side. On which Side fiands alfo, A ' ' 2’5. ‘Bren'tford, the Old and the New; both feate'd on the high Road to London: Old Brent- ford being but meanly inhabited, by Reafon of its Dirtinefs in the Winter, and DuPt in the Sum- mer; as lying low, and the Pafi'age fo narrow, that two Carts or Coaches can hardly pafs one another. But as to New Brentford, notfar dif- tant, it is a confiderable Market Town, well in- habited; and, by . , hath good Inns and H0ufes of Entertainment. Its Market, which ison Tnefdays, is well ferved with Provifions, which are bought up bythe Hig- lers. Not far from this Town is the {lately Houfe, now of the Duke of Somerfet, by Mar- riage of an Heirefs of the late Earl of Northam- berland, called Sion Hoafie, delightfully feated; and where the firfl: Duke of that Name had his Refidence. _ 26. Over-againfi‘ Brentford, and in Surry, 15 Kew Green; where are feveral good Buildings, inhabited by Gentry. 2 . lflewortn, in Mlddlefex; a large Town, full of well built Houfes, much reforted unto by the Gentry. 28. Richmond, in Surry; a large Town, graced with good Buildings, efpecially the Green, that fronts the King’s Palace, now decayed, and par- celled out in Tenements ', and on the Hill, where there are new found out Wells, which draw a Rel’ort of Gentry to them, and the Town. I-Iere Mortlat/E. a long Town, the Seats of Clyzfiuz'r/E. Brent/22rd. Sion Hon e. Keno; L/lewortb. Riclnnond. the Prince of Wales, and the Princefs, have their' Summer Habitation. Tu'irl‘onlaarn. . ' try Town, of a good Refort, and much inhabit- ed by the Gentry. Here, the» Earl of Bradford hath a good Country Houfe; and, near unto it, Sir . ful to the Eye, and flown; feared ontne Thames. . George Humole, Bart. had another, 'verv grace- fine Gardens. 30. Teddington, a fmall TOWn, of no great Account. - 1 31. King/ton, in Starry, joined to Kin. onwz‘cie' Middle/ex, by a wooden Bridge, whicgh/2 brings ”2i prorn, {9%. to_ its Market, which is very conliJ derable for Grain, Poultry Ware, and all Sorts Saturday by Mealrnen and Higlers. The Town is large, and well inhabited : Itisan ancient Cor- poration, governed by Bailiffs, 8%. And enjoy- eth large Immunities ; being the ufual Place where one of the Alliz'es for the County is held, (and where the Jufiices keep one of their ,(luarter §Sefiions. This: Place is of Note, for being the gPlace, where, upon a Stage in the open Market— ?Place, was placed. the Chair of his Majel’cy, where filled/tan, Et/oelred, and Edwin were crown- ed Kings, and received their Imperial Sceptres; and from whence, ’tis faid, this Town took its Name of King/ton, being before called Moreford. , 32. Townes Ditton, a frnall Place, and of no Account. ' I I 33:. Hampton Court, pleafantly fitua'ted betWixt two. Parks. This Palace, {into its late Rebuild?" ing, is mof’t {lately and magnificent; and hath a curious Garden newly made, by the Directions of- who, in Refpeét of his Knowledge in all, Things :relating to curious Gardens, hath" not his F ell'ow_ in the Kingdom. ' This Palace was firl’t built by Cardinal Wot/5y, Not far from this Court, is - , Hampton Town, indifferent large, with fome good Houfes. ' ' ‘ 34. Snnlmry, Accbunt. ' ” 35. Walton, ty_ large Town, Air; ‘ _ ’ 36. Snapperton, feated in Middlefex, of no great Account. . ' 37'. Waybridge, a Town well inhabited by Gen- try; Here’was' a Palace of the King’s called Oat- lands, now pulled down ; and the Park and Houfe “that is f’tanding, was the Seat of the late Earl of in the faid County, of no great or‘Walton upon the Thames, a pret: well inhabited, and in a healthful Reafon of its Thorough-farm; ‘the Thames, where 29. Twiclaenkam, a good and handfome Coun-. Torrington, by Leafe from the Crown -, his Lord— {hip then living in one of the Lodge l‘loufes. ' _ 38. Clorrtfley, in Snrry, at fome Dil’tance from _ it bath a Bridge of Wood, which adds an Advantage to the Town ; yet its Market, which is on Wednefday, is but mean, and ill ferved, efpecially with Corn. . 39. Lalanz, of fmall Account. p ' 4o. Stains, another fmall Market ToWn 1n Middlefex, feated on the high weltern Road to London, which occafions itto be of better Retort, having a wooden Bridge over the Thames, which leadeth to Eglaam in Snrry. ‘ Fridays, which is but fmall, either for Corn, or Provifions. . . " I have giVenythe Reader a {hort Defcnption of the Towns and Places, from Ball to VVeft,_wlnch are feated on this famous River, and which are within the Jurifdiétion of the Lord Mayor of London, who is Confervator thereof.) And thus as this fine River is of great Ufe and Profit of the City -, fo the many neat T owns and Seats, on the Banks of it, make it extraordinary pleafant and delightful. So that the Citizens and Gentlemen, inay, Kings, haYC, 1n the Summer Time, ufiially taken the Air by Vvater; being carried in Boats and Barges along-the fiftieth pl'eafantly fituatcd amongft great Advantage to the Town, for the conVeying' bf Provilions; and is much reforted unto'eve'ryi Mia-London, his Majefi‘y’s principal Gardener:- Its Market is on. 45, V I ~ Teadzngtam King/70:7, Tdanzesfiz‘ttofil Hampton Court. Hamptoq Town. Sunday; ”fa/tan, Sbeflterton; naytriage. Oat/ands & Clem/2y. Ila/am: 3 ml 71;, Citizen: and Nobles take the Air on the Tbamei. y. 5. 4.6" Towns feated on the Thames. ' Book I. both upward and downward, according to their arife; and here are fifty or fixty Houfes appropriaa _. Pleafures. ted to the Ufe' of decayed Pilots and Mafters of “ , .Gower, the Poet, contemporary with King Ships, .or their Widows. _ _ . ~ ‘ ‘ Richard II, fpeaks of that King’s going in his Above Bridge areaMultitude of/elegant Build- ‘Barge upon this River, when the Poet alfo was ings on each Side the Thames, among which is the in a Boat: Whom the King feeing, called into Royal Hofpital at Cheifea, for wounded and decay- his. own Barge; ,and commanded him to write up ed Soldiers, five or fix Thoufand of Whom are main- on fome Subjeft, that he might entertain himfelf tained either in the Houfe, oras Out—Penfioners, with reading his Poetry: As he defcribeth this here, alfo, is that beautiful Seat of Count Zin- Matter himfelf, in- his Book de Confcfione flmantir : zendorf’s, Chief of the Moravian Seét, fituatc . on the Bank of the Thames ,: Here, alfo, is the 2: 1%.}36? lLexgoghafl}; {Sgtlio bet de Phyfic-garden, which produces a Multitude of Under it": Towyn of newe Tro .g y ’ exotic Plants -, and fuch Numbers of Gentlemen’s Wh ‘che toke of Brute h s f filth Jo e Seats adorn the Village, that it is not pollible to On ghemfe when it was flhwdhde y ’ . defcribe them all, in a Work of this Nature. _» As I b Bote came roende _ .’ Further weft is Parfonr-Green, the Seat of So as F¥ortune hir T me’ feite ' the late Earl (if Peterhoroagh, from whence we [M L e e Lorde drehauncdl mette .. . proceed to the Bridge between Fidham‘and Pate Arid {g bgefelle as Ipcame n oh ’ ney, in which are a great many elegant Seats ; Out of m Bote whan he 3;: fivgh . but none more happily fituated than that of Mr. He bade rii e come into h s Barge . ’ Vanac/t’s, with a fine Slope in the Front of it, ex- And whan I was with hyryn at largie, “angling to tjhe Thamegk G b d f Amonges other Thynges feyd, - fin gtwee: film-”E ewi] ”if?” e}: ug ”Egg . He hath foch Charge upon me leyd, €530]. .e eats or on ‘t e nort an out Si esp t e River. At Kata-Green are two Seats belonging to T._ S. In the laf’t Edition of Stow, Chap X, were en- the Prince of Wales, and the Princefl‘es his Aunts, , thematician who refided in it. 5 was begun in. the Reign of King William, in I 694. _ fioners; numerated the Villages and fine Seats then on the Banks of the River Thames, between Crawf- end and Wind/or ; to which may be added fome Improvements and Alterations that have been made fince that Time. At Woolwich is a prodigious Magazine of Tim- ber, Plank, Mafis, Yards, Hemp, Pitch, Tar, and all Manner of' Naval Stores, for here the largefl: Men of War in the Royal Navy are built :_ Here, alfo, are Rope—yards, where the largefl' Cables are made; and here is a Gun-yard, or Warren, as it is called, in which, it is computed there are, at fome Times, not lefs than feven or eight thoufand Cannon belonging to the Royal Navy, which are put on Shore here when the Ships are laid up; and here, alfo, is a furprifing Magazine of Mortars, Bombs, Shells, and great Shot piled up in Pyramids. There has alfo been lately ereéted a Marine A— ‘ ‘cademy, where Perfons intended for the Sea Ser- vice are infiruéted in Navigation, Engineering, and Gunnery. . ' , ' Here, alfo, is a F oundery for great Guns, and a Houfe where the Engineers prepare Fire-works: for the charging Bombs, Carcaiies, and Gre— nadoes. _ The Royal Hofpital of Greenwich, now in a Manner finilhed, is the molt magnificent Struc- ture in the Kingdom; , It fiands on the fame Ground the Palace did where King Henry VIII. ,refided chiefly, and where his Daughters the PrincelTes Mary and EZifaheth were‘born. Here our brave Seamen, who have grown old, or been wounded in" the Service of their Country, find an elegant Retreat, and are amply provided. for ; and, in the adjoining Park, is a fine Obfervatory called Flamflead—Heafe, from that celebrated Ma— This Hofpital It contains, at prefent, about a thouiand Pen- At Deptford, which lies weft of Greenwich, , and contiguous to it, are large Docks for build- jng and repairing the Ships belonging to the Royal Navy, where are vait Magazines and Store- ' houfes, containing all Manner of Provifions and Naval Stores, necelTar'y for rigging and equip-- ping a Fleet of Men of War. And here is the Trinity-Honk c-onfifting of a Society of Pilots, who take Care to navigate the King’s Ships in their Voyages out and home, making it their Bu- Iinefs to found the Depth of the Channel, and give Notice where' any new Shoals or Sands 1 with feveral others in the Neighbourhood. From thence we come to Richmond, where the King has a Palace defervedly admired for its Gar- dens, formerly the late Duke of Ormond’s. When the Duke pofléffed it, this Garden was a Park, now converted into a Garden by the late (been Caroline, and {till fome Part of it has more of the Air of a Dairy-farm than a Garden. There is no where greater Variety to be feen, for here we find Pal’ture-grounds with the Cattle feeding on them ; in other Parts ploughed Fields and a F arm-houfe in the Middle of them , in other Places Groves,_ Mounts, Grotto’s, and Alcoves, with Refervoirs of Water encompafi‘ed with fine Slopes, and here the @een alfo had a Library; but the greatefl: Beautyin this Garden is aTerras-walk which runs along the Side of the Thames upwards of a Mile in Length, and, while we are walking here in an Evening, we fpring Pheafants, Partridges, Hares, and all Manner of Game 5 and here are kept a great Number of Guinea Hens. The fine Houfes . in Richmond are very numerous, and here f’tood ' the Royal Palace of Sheen clofe to the River-Side; but, it having been pulled down, feveral noble Houfes are built upon the Scite of it, the princi- pal whereof does, or did, lately belong to the Earl of Cholmonde/ey; but the molt enchanting Scene is that of Richmond-Hill, from whence we View a fine Country, adorned with Trees and e- legant Buildings, through which the Thames glides inaferpentine Courfe. Every one is in Raptures when he firfi: beholds this beautifulSpot. Nothing but being on the Place can give a Gentleman a tolerable Idea of it 3 and here we cannot avoid ob- ferving the nice Tafie of Qieen EZifaheth, in chu- fing to refide alternately in the three molt beauti- 'ful Situations that England afforded, namely, Greenwich, PI/indfor, and Richmond. Beyond Rich- mond, in the pleafant Village of Peter/ham, is the ‘Seat of the Earl of Harrington -, and, weft of Peter— ‘fham, fiands Ham—Honfl’, a grand Villa, with fine I-extenfive Gardens, and a noble Walk of Elms, more than Half a Mile in Length. It was former— ly the Ef’tate of the Duke of Landerda/e, and now of the Duke of flrgyle. -I might have defcribed the Earl of Radnor’s Seat at Twichen— ham, which, though the Outfide has not any Thing very extraordinary, yet the Infide is a per— feét Cabinet. Mr. Pope’s Grotto is alib much admired: And there are abundance of other Seats on the River, which would require a Volume to defcribe.] CHAP. Chap. XI. AM 4 Hen. VII. (.15. (At/is for the River of Thames; CHAP. XI.‘ Some A673 of Parliament for the Prefervation of this River : Lihewi e - Orders of the Lord Mayor, and flats qf Common-Council, for the/Prggf ‘vatzon of the Fg/hzng, the Con/ereation and Cleanfing of the River. ER E, in the lafl: Place, we {hall fubjoin fome Infiances of the Care taken of this Ri— ver by the Parliament, as well as by the Govern- ment of the City, for the Keeping it clean, pre- ferving the Banks, and preventing Breaches, 69%. And, firf’t, By a. Statute of 4. Henry VII, Cap. I 5, it was enacted that the Lord Mayor of London Ihould have the‘ Government and Confervatorlhip of the River Thames, from Stains-Bridge to the Wa- ters of Tenland and deay. An flit of Parliament for the Preflervation of the ‘S ‘C S ‘E ‘6 ‘. 0‘ CC “ I E ‘£ “ n “ “ ‘G G‘ (‘ 5: ‘t (C “ ‘6 fl ‘1 (I a ‘G “ “ (G (C (G C‘ 0‘ C 6 ¢ C‘ I" u “ (C n ‘ “ 6‘ ¢ 0 S '9 - ‘ fl ‘6 6 0 “ ‘ C‘ ‘C ‘C River of Thames, made in the twenty-fiventh T ear of the Reign of our molt dread Sovereign Lord, King Henry VIII. HERE before this Time the River of Thames, among all other Rivers within this Realm, hath been accepted and taken, and as it is, indeed, molt commodious and pro— fitable unto all the King’s liege People; and chiefly of all other frequented and ufed, and as well by the King’s Highnefs, his Efiates, and Nobles, Merchants, and other repairing to the City of London, and other Places, Shires, and Counties adjoining to the fame: Which River of Thames is, and hath been molt meet and convenient of all other, for the Safeguard and Ordering of the King’s Navy, Convey- ance of Merchandizes, _ and other Neceiiaries, to and for the King’s molt Honourable Houf- hold, and otherwife, to the great Relief and Comfort of all Perfons within this Realm ; till, now of late, divers evil-difpofed Perfons, part- ly by mifordering of the faid River, by calling in of Dung, and other Filth, laid nigh to the Banks of the faid River, digging and under- mining of the [aid Banks and Walls next ad- joining to the fame River, carrying and con- veying away of Way-fhides, Shoreopiles, Boards, Timber-work, Ballaf’t for Ships, and other Things from the faid Banks and Walls in fundry Places; by Reafon whereof, great Shelves and Rifings have of late been made and grown in the Farway of the faid River, and fuch Grounds as lie within the Level of the faid Water-mark : By Occafion thereof have been furrounded and overflown by Rage of the faid Water, and many great Breaches have enfued and followed thereupon, and daily are like to do, and the faid River of Thames to be utterly deitroyed for ever, if convenient and fpeedy Remedy be not fooner provided in that Be- half. “ For Reformation whereof, Be it enacted, eflablifhed, and ordained by the King, our Sovereign Lord, and by the Afl'ent of the Lords Spiritual and Temporal, and the Com- mons in this prefent Parliament afl'embled, and by the Authority of the fame, That if any Perfon or Perfons hereafter do, or procure any Thing to be done in the annoying of the Stream of the {aid River of Thames, making of Shelves by any Manner of Means, by Min- ing, digging, calling of Dung, or Rubbifh, or other Thing in the fame River; or take, pluck, or convey away any Boards, Stakes, Piles, Timber-work, or other Thing from the faid Banks or Walls; except it be to amend, and the fame to repair again; or dig or un- “ dermine any Banks or Walls on the Water- NUMB. V- 0‘ € “ ‘ 0 fl ‘6 ‘ l‘ (C C u 6‘ fl (6 0‘ S ‘6 t l‘ ‘( (S (G “ “ 6 0 ‘6 ‘C (C “ ¢€ ‘C (S 6‘ ‘6 l‘ ‘6 (C 6‘ 6‘ K (6 H (C C‘ ‘6 L h (‘ CC ‘6 C n ‘6 C‘ (C C‘ (C ‘6 C‘ ‘6 6‘ CC ‘ l‘ 6‘ fide. of Thames aforefaid, to the Hurt, Im- pairing, or Damage of any of the faid Walls and Banks 5 then the fame Perfon or Perfons, and every of them, {hall forfeit and pay, for every Time f0 oli'ending, one hundred Shillings : The one Moiety» thereof to be to the King our Sovereign Lord, and the other Moiety thereof to the Mayor and Commonalty of London for the Time being. The fame to be recovered and . obtained by the Mayor and Commonalty of London, by Bill or Plaint, Writ of Debt, or Information, feverally againfi: every Offender, in any of the King’s Courts -, in which Actions and Suits, or any of them, the Party Defen- dant {hall not be elToined or wage his Law, or any Proteé‘tion to be allowed in the fame. “ And it is further enacted by the Authority aforefaid, That if Complaint Ihall happen to be made to the Lord Chancellor of England, Lord Treafurer, Lord Prefident of the King’s \ Council, Lord Privy Seal, or to any of them, by any Perfon or Perfons, or Body Politic; that Sir Thomas Spert, Knight, now having the Office and Ordering of, and for Ballai’ting of Ships, or any other that hereafter'fhall have the Office and Order of Ballafiing of Ships, do take any Ballal’c for Ships near the faid River of Thames, and do not take, for Parcel of the faid Ballalling, the Gravel and Sand of the Shelves between Greenhithe and Richmond, within the faid River of Thames, or in any Place or Places, that is, or Ihall be unto the Damage or Annoyance of the faid River of Thames, or in any Part thereof; that then, up- on every fuch Complaint, the faid Lord Chan- cellor, Lord Treafurer, Lord Prefident of the King’s mof’c Honourable Council, Lord Privy Seal, and every of them ; calling bOth the Chief Jullices of either Bench, or one of them; {hall have Power and Authority, from Time to Time, to hear, and finally determine, eve- ry fuch Complaint by their Difcretion, and to put fuch Order therein, for the taking of Bal— lai’t for Ships upon every fuch Complaint, as by their Difcretions {hall feem mof’t convenia ent for the Prefervation of the faid River of Thames : And the Parties, offending fuch Or- der, {hall fuller Imprifonment, and make no lefs Fine than five Pounds to the King’s Ufe, for every Time offending or breaking the fame. , “ Provided always, and be it enacted, That it {hall be lawful to every Perfon and Perfons to dig, carry, and take away Sand, Gravel, or other Rubbiih, Earth, or Thing, lying or be— ing in, or upon any Shelf or Shelves within the faid River of Thames, without Let or Inter- ruption of any Perfon or Perfons, or paying any Thing for the fame; any Thing contain— ed in this prefent Aft to the contrary notwrth- ftanding.” Ala-At? of Common-Council, concerning the Con- (C 6‘ fervation and Cleanfing of the River Thames 3 in the T hirtieth b , made the 28th of Septcm CT Lord ng 2” ear of the Reign of our Sovereign Henry the Eighth. HERE, by the Statute made in the 27th Year of the Reign of our Sove- “ reign Lord King Henry the Eighth, among 0' “ ther, for Reformation of the Mifordering o N ‘ “ the 47 G ¢ 0‘ 6 n (C a 6 (C t‘ C 0‘ ‘ h (C I o I I" C h ‘( ¢ 0 u a (c “ cc u cc ‘6 ‘cc ‘6 C‘ (C ‘6 (C ‘6 (C t‘ (S ‘6 ‘C (C (C (C ‘6 (C ‘C C‘ (C C‘ ‘¢ 1‘ ¢ 0 (E ‘6 t h 1‘ fl ‘6 ‘6 (C ‘6 (C (G “ (C S l‘ (E “ (C 6‘ ‘ l‘ ‘6 ¢ 6 ‘ n C h ‘ 0 C 0 gt ‘ “0 I6 1‘ (C 0 K A573 for the River hf Thames. the River of T homes, by calling in Dung, and other Filth, many great Shelves, and other .Rifings, have been of late grown and made within the fame River : By Rea’fon whereof, many great Breaches have enfued by Occafion. thereof, which, of like, {hall be the Occafion‘ of the utterD‘ei’truétion of the faid River, un-—- lefs that the fame Law be put in due Execu- tion, according, to the true Intent and Mean- ing thereof. ’ “ Wherefore, for a further Reformation of the fame, and to the Intent that the faid‘ good andwholfome Statute may be put in more Exe— cution, and better Knowledge of the People ; It is ena€ted by the Authority of this Com—r mon-Council, That Proclamation may be made within this faid City, and the fame to be put in Writing, and Tables thereof made and. fet up in divers Places of this City, That it ' {hall be lawful to every Perfon or Perfons to dig, carry away, and take away Sand, Gravel, or any Rubbiih, Earth, or any Thing lying or being in any'Shelf or Shelves within the faid River of T hamer, without Let or Inter- ruption of any Perfon or Perfons, and with- out any Thing paying for the fame -, and, af~ ter that, to fell the fame away, or otherwife oc~ cupy or difpofe the faid Gravel, Sand, or other Thing at their free Liberty and Pleafure. And that all Paviours, Bricklayers, Tilers, Mafons, and all other that {hall occupy Sand or Gra- vel, {hall endeavour themfelves, with all their Diligence, to occupy the faid Sand or Gravel, and none other, paying for the fame reafon— ably, as they fhould and ought to pay for o- ther Sand or Gravel digged out of other Men’s Grounds about the faid City; which, after, is filled again with much filthy Things, to the great Infeétion of the Inhabitants of the faid City, and all other repairing unto the fame. And that, further, humble Suit may be made to the King’s Highnefs, That all Perfons ha- ving Lands or Tenements along the faid River Side, upon certain Pain by his Highnefs, and the Lords of his Honourable Council to be limited, {hall well and fulficiently repair and maintain all the Walls and Banks adjoining unto their faid Lands, that fo the Water may not, nor {hall break in upon the fame : And the fame to be continued till the Time that the faid noble River be brought again to his old Courfe and former Eftate. And that I’trong Grates of Iron along the faid Water— fide, and alfo by the Street—fide, where any Water—courfe is had into the faid Thames, be made by the Inhabitants of every Ward fo along the faid Water, as of old Time hath been accuftomed. And that every Grate be in Height four and twenty Inches. at the leaft, or more, as the Place ihall need, and, in Breadth one .from another, one Inch , and the fame to be done with all Expedition and Speed. And, if the Occupiers of the faid Lands and Tenements make Default, contr‘ary‘to the Ordinance aforefaid ; or elfe, if any Perfon or Perfons, in great Rains, and other Times, fweep their Soilage, or’ Filth of their Houfes, into. the Channel, and the fame after is conveyed into the T heme: ; every Perfon, fo offending, fhall forfeit, for e- very fuch Default, twenty Pence ; and that upon Complaint to be made to any Conf’table, next adjoining to the faid Place where any fuch Default lhall be found: It lhall be lawful for the f aid Conftable, or hisfufiicient Deputy for the Time being, from Time to Time to di- Ptrain for the fame Offence, and to retain the fame irreplegiable. And like Law to be ob- ferved and kept, and like Penalty to be paid, I . “ for every Perfon that burns Rulhes or Straw in h in" theieroufes, or wafh in the common Streets “ or Lanes, and to be recovered as aforefaid ; “ and the one Moiety thereof to. be to- the Mayor ' “ Iand‘ Commonalty, and the other Moiety to be "‘ divided between the faid Conflable’that taketh “‘ Pain, and thePa-rty Finder of the faid Default. “ And‘, if the Cohi’table‘, or his D'ePuty, refufe “ to; do his Duty, according to the true Mean- “ ing of this Aét, that then the Confiable, or “ his Deputy, which {hall f0 refufe to do‘ his “. Duty, as aforefaid, {hall forfeit and pay, for ‘ every Time fo offending, three Shillings four “ Pence: And the fame Penalty, of't'he faid “ Conf’table, to be recovered and obtained by ‘ Difirefs irreplegiable, to be taken by any "of “ the Officers of the'Chamber of 1.22am, to the “ Ufe of the Mayor and Commonalty of London. a 0‘ “ ter-fide, make not their Lay—{tails nigh to the “ River aforefaid, except only the commOn Lay- “ (tails, where the commonRakersof this Cityufe “ to repofe and lay all their Soilage, to be carried “ away by them with their Dung-boats. And “ that the faid Rakers {hall lay their faid Dung, “ carried in their Dung-boats, to fuch Conve- “ nient Place or Places, as fhall be appointed “- by the Lord Mayor of London, for the Time “ being, with the Advice of his Brethren, the “ Aldermen of the fame, and to no other Place “ or Places, upon Pain to forfeit, for every fuch “ Default, five Pounds, to be recovered in any “ of theKing’s Courts within the City of Lon- “ don, by Bill, Plaint, Moiety of Debt, or In— “ formation by any Perfon that will or .fliall “ purfue for the fame 5 the one Moiety thereof “ to be unto the Mayor and Commonalty of “ London, and the other Moiety to him or them “ that will or fhall purfue for the fame. In “ which Aétions or Suits, no Wager of Law,‘ “ nor Eflbign, {hall be allowed.”] "‘1 I And, further, “That no'Perfon Or Perfbns, .“ having any Wharf or Houfe ‘by the faid'WaQ Book I. At the .firf’c Court of Aldermen in London, 2 53125.3 next after the firft of March, out of the Wa- M.mp.16. ' termen, betwixt Graveflmd and Mmflor, there {hall be Eight chofen for Overfeers, which {hall have Power to keep good Order among the reit.“ Two Watermen {hall not carry any, but where one of them hath exercifed that Profeflion~ two Years before that Time, and hath been allowed by the greater Part of the faid Overfeers under the known Sea], in Pain to be committed to one of the Compters, by the faid Overfeers, for one VMonth, or for lefs Time, as the Oifen'ce {hall deferve. No fingle Man, which is no Houlholder, nor retained as an Apprentice, or as a Servant for one Year at lea-ft, {hall exercife that, Profefiion lbetwixt the Places aforefaid, in Pain of like Pu~ 'nilh-rnent. ‘ The Lord Mayor and Aldermenvof London, and the Jui’tices of the Peace within the Coun- 'ties adjoining to the River of T hames, upon Com- ‘plaint of any Two of the overfeers, or of any Waterman’s Mailer, have Power not only to hear and determine any Olfences committed a-v :gaini‘t this Aft, and to enlarge any Waterman unjuftly punifhed by the faid Overfeers, but likewife to infiiél: Punilhment upon the Overfee'rs themfelves, in Cafethey unjuftly punifh any Perfon by Colour of this Aft. A'Wherry that is not twelve Feet and an Half long, and four Feet and an Half broad in the Mid—fliip, and fufl‘icient to carry two Per- Tom on one Side right, {hall be forfeit; in which Cafe the King and (ween {hall have the one‘ Moiety, and the Informer the other. That Waterman that withdraws himfelf in Time of preffing, it being proved by two Wit- nelfes T. S. Chap. XI. 1630. 6 Coir. I. ' more than one Hook upon a Line nefl‘es before the faid Mayor, Alderman, or Ju- f’tice, and two of the faid Overfeers, {hall {offer a Fortnight’s Imprifonment, and {hall be prohi- bited to row any more upon the Thames for a Year and a Day after. ' , ' ' . The Overfeers {hall not only call the Water- men before them, direét them and regil‘ter their Names, but likewife examine their Boats before they be launched, Whether they have due Pro— ortion and Goodnefs according to this Acct. If the Overfeers refufe or negleé‘t their Office, they {hall forfeit five Pounds, whereof the King and (lueen {hall have the one Moiety, and the Informer the other. The Court of Aldermen {hall affefs the F ares of Watermen, which being fubfcribed by Two of the Privy—Council, at leaf’t, fhall be fet up in ' Guild-Hall, Weflmz'nfler—Hall, etc. and the Wa- terman that takes more than the Fare fo alfefléd, ihall, for every fuch Offence, fuffer half a Year’s Imprifonment, and forfeit forty Shillings, to be divided as before. Orders made hy Sir Robert Ducy, Lord Mayor, relating to Fi/hermen. ‘ - O Man ihallfliute any Draw-net or Coulter- . net before Sun-rifing and after Sun—fet, on Pain of forfeiting his Net, and ten Pounds, with Imprifonment, at the Difcretion of the Lord Mayor. Nor {hall he lay or bend over any Net during the Time of the Flood, whereby both Salmon, and other Fifh, may be hindered and kept back from fwimming upward, on the like Penalties. Nor {hall any Man ihute a Net after the 14th of Septemher. _ Nor {hall he fifh from Sun-letting on Satarday Night, .until Sun-tiling on Monday : None fliall {hip their Draw—nets before they have laid forth their whole Net -, nor ufe any Spear, or work with any Bley—net, Rug-net, or Smelt—net, welt— ward, farther than .[fleworth Church, {996. No one {hall ufe any Flue, Trammel, double-walled Net, or Heeped-Net, nor lay any Weels called Kills, from March 10, to May 10, yearly ; nor Ihute any Weel, called a Lornb or a Mill—pot,€9’e. with the Head againf’t the Stream, on Pain of forfeiting ten Shillings, and Imprifonment. None lhall rug for Flounders, either 'by Ebb or Flood, between London—Bridge and Stangate, but only two Cal’ts at Low-water, and two Cafts at full Sea, {996. No Perfbn {hall call any Carrion, or other Filth, into the River; nor drive any Piles or Stumps into the River, under the like Penalty. No Fifherman, or other, fliall take up any Drift or Wreck, without giving Notice to the Water—Bailiff, or his Subl’titute ; and none {hall filh with any Net, or ufe any Angle-rod with ‘, norflfearch for Barbel near London-Bridge. No Peterman Ihall fifh» upon the Water weft— ward, farther than Richmond Crane, or take the Tides above Richmond : Nor {hall above five go together in one Company. No Peterman, or a- ny other, {hall take any F lounders, or any other Ihort Fifh, [not being fix Inches of Affize. F lfl’l- ermen not to truft Boys to fiih -, or to have two in one Boat, unlefs one of them be at Man’s Efiate; the Names of their Apprentices to be entered in the Regifter-Book of the Water-Bai- lilf, before he is bound, and, when his Time is expired, to appear again before theWatenBaililf. That no Perfon, from Stains—Bridge to Tanlet, do fatten anymore than two ~Vefl"els abreal’t. No Per- fon 'fhall lay any Timber at any Road, Wharf, or Yard ; nor fhall make or continue any Wharf, Building, or Potgallery, to prejudice the Paffage of the faid River, or the Banks thereof. A67: for the . River. 0f Thames. N0 Trinkerman. {hall hand for Smelts till the 2 Ifl: of Ofioher, yearly, or continue it longer than GoodrFrz'day following : And- no Trink, thin {land above nine Tides in a Week, viz. three Tides againfl: hVedncfday, . three Tides againf’t Friday and .threeTides againi’t Saturday’s Market, ex: cept in Lent. No Trink fhall [land to fifh for Whitings till the lEmher-eoee/e before Mohaelmas, yearly, and have the Hofe, or Cod of his Net, a hill Inch and half. This every F ilherman {hall obferve, from London—Bridge, eaflward, to Granefend. Every Trinkerman to be admitted by the Lord Mayor or his Subltitute, the WateréBailifi‘, With. the Confent of the Company of Trinkermen. g No Heberman Ihall fifh for Smelts'before the 24th of Angafl, yearly, and continue it to Good; Friday, and fhall not filh with-a Net of lefs than three Inches of Affine for F leunders, from Eafler to the 4th of flagaft, yearly, and the Meifh of the Smelt—Nets {hall be full Inch; nor lhall firh” from Good-Friday to Bartholomew-tide, between London-Bridge and Gravefind, with any Net under two Inches. . No Heberman fhall work higher for Whitings, than Dartford—Creeh; no Net for Whitings to be of lefs Aflize than one Inch and a Half. No Trawler that ufes to take Soal, Chates, Plaice, or Thornbacks, {hall bring any fuCh F ifh to Market, unlefs they contain in Length feven Inches. _ No Druggerman fliall filh for Shrimps till the F irft of Nonemher, or continue it longer than Good—Friday. ' No Perfon {hall go down the River to buy up F ilh before they come to Billing/gate. By an Order of the Court of Aldermen, Fifher- men were prohibited to draw the Shores of the Thames, except only for Salmon, in Rooms fet out for this Purpofe by the Court; and that none filh for them, but fuch as are licenfed by the Lord—Mayor -, and that none fiih with a Net un~ der fix Inches in the Meifh, on Pain of forfeiting his Nets, and twenty Pounds, and Imprifonment during the Pleafure of the Court. I All Perfons are prohibited to lay any Dung, Ordure, Rubbilh, Sea-Coal, Dirt, or other Filth in the River Thames. By an Act of 9 Anne, Cap. 26, the Watermen’s Company were reftrained from making any By— laws, but fuch as were approved by the Court ‘ of the Lord-Mayor and Aldermen ; and this pro— duced a Set of By-laws, which by the Diffolution of that Company are now of no Force. By the fame Statute, it is enaéted, that no Per: fon ihall kill, or expofe to Sale, any Spawn, Fry, or Brood of F ifh, or Sputt of Oyl’ters, or any unfizeable, final], tor unwholefome F i£h ; or catch or def’troy any F ilh out of Seafon, or expofe fuch Filh to Sale, or “buy, receive, or ufe any fuch ; and no Perfon fhall filh for, wilfully hurt, or deftroy any Salmon, or Salmon Kind of F ifh, between the 24th of flngn/t' and the I 1th of No— nemher annually. It lhall be lawful for the Lord-Mayor, upon Application of the Court of Affifiants, to order Stakes to be driven in any Place within the Ki- ver, between London Mark-Stone above Stazns' Bridge and London-Bridge, for prefervmg the Fry, SpaWn, and Brood of F ifli, fo as the fame be not prejudicial to the NaVIgation; and‘no Perfon {hall remove the fame ; Offenders againi’c this Aét to be fined, not exceeding ten Pounds ; no Fifh {hall be fold more than once 1n the Mara ket of Billin ate. Sir Daniggamhort, Lord-Mayor, and C01}- fervator of the Rivers Thames and Medway, in 174.1, added feveral Orders to thofe of Sir Ro- hert Dnoy’s, for the Confervarion and Prefervatizi} 49 9 Anne, c. 26. 50 2 Geo. II. cap. 26. An A61 for regulating the Navigation of the River Thames. 24 Geo. II. Afis for the River of Thames. of the Spawn, Brood, and Fry of Fiih therein, viz. That no Net, under the Affize of two Inches and a Half in the Melh, fhould be ufed by any F ifherman, at any Time of the Year above Rich- mond Crane, nor ufe any Net in that Work, cal- led Beatinglof the Bufh, Flag, or Reed, which {hall be of lefs Afiize than three Inches in the Mefh, nor ufe any Weights or Stones to their Nets, on Pain of forty Shillings. That no Net {hall be drawn over the Weeds for catching Pike. That no Fiiherman {hall bend. any Net by An- chors, or otherwife, athwart the Channel, fo as to draw another Net into it, whereby the Spawn of Barbel and other Fifh may. be dei’troyed, on Pain of forty Shillings. None fliall draw a Net for Salmon, of lefs Af- fize than three Inches in the Meih, on Pain of forty Shillings. No F ifherman fhall band between the F iri’t of Novemher and the Firi’t of March ; or {hall have more than twelve Bands at a Time, or above one—hundred Hooks on each Band. Every F ifherman {hall have, on his Boat, his Chriltian and Surname, and the Name of the Parilh he dwells in, on Pain of twenty Shillings. No Perfon {hall go out to fiih without the Leave of the Water-Bailiff, under his Hand and Seal; and the faid Bailiff {hall appoint the proper Seafons for the F ifliermen’s going out to filh, and he that fiihes, without fuch Licence, fliall forfeit five Pounds. By the 2d of Geo. 11. Cat). 26. it is enacted, That no Waterman fhall take an Apprentice, un- lefs he be an Houfekeeper, or have fome known Habitation, which he is to regifizer with the Clerk of the Company, on Penalty of 101. on Con- viétion before the Lord Mayor, or Juf’tice of the Peace, by Dil’trefs, Ede. the Clerk of the Com- pany to regii’ter Watermen’s Habitation and Re- moval, without Fee. No Apprentice to take on him the fole Care and Management of any Boat till he be Sixteen, if a Waterman’s, or feventeen Years of Age, if a Landman’s Son, unlefs he hath worked with an able Waterman for two Years, at leaf’t, on Pain of 108. upon the Mafier. _ Any Perfon rowing on the Thames for Hire or Gain, and not having ferved feven Years Ap- prenticefhip to a Waterman, 8c. except Trini- tymen, Filhermen, Ballafimen, and Perfons em- ployed in the wef’tern Barges, Mill-Boats, Chalk- Hoys, Faggot or Wood-Lighters, Dung-Boats, or Gardeners Boats, {hall forfeit IO 1. to be levied as aforefaid. The Lefi'ees, Owners, and Occupiers of any Keys betwixt the Hermitage-Bridge and London- Bridge, may ufe their Lighters for carrying their own Goods, Go. to it from their Keys and Wharfs, and Ships loading and unloading, and may employ any Waterman or Lighterman, du— ly qualified, as is, in the Aét of the 11th and 12th of PVilliam III, directed. fln Ahflrat? of an A5? for the hetter carrying on and regulating the Navigation of the Rivers Thames and Ifis, from the City of London wejiward, to the Town of Cricklade in the County of Wilts. flnno V iotfimo quarto Georgii Regis. THE Preamble fets forth, That the Rivers of Thames and Ifls have, Time out of Mind, been navigable from London to Beroott in the County of Oxford, and from thence wel’cward beyond Letehlade, in the County of Gloueefler. And that by an Aét of 21 7ae. I. (intitled, An At? for making the River of Thames navigahle for. Barges, Boats, and Lighters, from the Village of ' ‘ 3 Bereott, in the County of Oxford, unto the Unia verfity and City of Oxford) the faid Rivers were made navigable from the Village of Bereott to the City of Oxford : And that divers Abufes had been, and {till are, committed by the Owners of the feveral Towing-Paths, and other Palfages on the Banks of the faid Rivers, and by the Owners of the Locks, Wears, Turnpikes, Dams, F lood- gates, and other Engines thereon ; by Reafon whereof, and other Exaétions, the Price of Wa-~ ter-Carriage hath, of late, been very much rai- fed, contrary to the Intent and Provifion of di- vers good Laws made for the Regulation of the faid Navigation, it is therefore enafted, That, for preventing all Abufes and Exaétions which may lelfen the Navigation of the faid Rivers, and render the fame lefs ufeful to the Public, e~v very Perfon affefl'ed and paying to the Land—Tax of this or any future Year, in refpeé‘t of an Ef’tate in Lands, Tenements, or Hereditaments, in his or their Pofl'efiion, or in fome Perfon in Trufl: for him or them, of the yearly Value of 100 l. in any or either of the feveral Counties of .Mid— dlefex, Surry, Ber/es, But/ts, Oxon, Glouce/ier, and Wilts -, and, alfo, the Vice-Chancellor, and the Heads of Colleges and Halls in the Univerfity of Oxford ; and the Mayor or chief Officer, for the Time being, of the Corporation and Borough. Towns lying upon the faid Rivers,.fhallbe Com- miflioners for putting this Aft in Execution -, and every Commiflioner, before he fhall act, ex- cept in the adminiilring the Oath following to one another, which two of them are to do, {hall take and fubfcribe the Oath following : A. B. do fwear, That I will, without Favour or Alfeétion, truly, faithfully, and impartial- ly execute, perform, and difcharge the Office and Duty of a Commiflioner, according to the. Powers, Authorities, and Directions given and eftablifhed by an Act of Parliament, intitled, An At? for the hetter carrying on and regulating the Navigation of the Rivers Thames and Ifis, from. the City of London wtflward, to the T own of Crick- lade, in the County of Wilts, according to the belt of my Skill and Knowledge. ‘ . So help me God. And the fame {hall be kept by the Clerks of the Peace, among the Records of the Seffions, for the refpeétive Counties where the fame {hall be taken and fubfcribed. . Seven, or more Commiflioners, for the better putting in Execution the Powers hereby given them, fhall, for the firf’t Time, meet on the Ill: of yuly next enfuing, at the Town—Hall in Reading, in the County of Berks; and from thence, by Ad- journment, at the Town—Hall in the City of Ox- ford, on the 5th of Augufl following; and for the, Time to come fhall hold a general Meeting upon: the firi’t Tue/day in ffuly in every Year at the, Town-Hall in the City of Oxford; and another on the firf’t Tue/day in Septemher following in eve" ry Year, at the Town—Hall of Reading, for fuch Time or Number of Days, as they {hall think convenient ; and at any of the laid Meetings Ihall adjourn themfelves, from Time to Time, to fuch Place, and f0 from Place to Place, within the Counties of .Middlefex, Surry, Berks, Burla- ingham, Oxford, Gloueefler, and Min, and near to the faid Rivers, as they Ihall think proper. Seven or more Commiflioners, or a Majority of them, at their general Meetings, {hall rate the Prices of Carriage by Water of all Sorts of Goods to and from the City of London wei’cward, to the Town of Crieklade, or to or from thence refpec-. tively to any other Places upon the faid Rivers, or to or from any Places upon the faid Rivers, to any other Places thereon, and (hall forthwith give public ‘ Book‘I. Commiliio- ners to fetthe Price of Car- riage. Chap. 'XI. publicNoticr‘: thereof in Writing, figned by fee ven of them, and publifh the fame in the London Gazette, of which the Owners of all Veffels na— vigating the faid Rivers are to take Notice, and alfo of all the Rates which fhall from Time to Time be fet : And, if any Perfon fhall break or aft contrary to, any other Rules or Conf’titutions made either for the Benefit of the Proprietors or Owners of Mills, Locks, Lands, or Meadows, every fuch Offence, forfeit five Pounds, unlefs in the Cafe of Offences on which other Penalties and Forfeitures are herein otherwife inflicted, to be recovered in a fummary,Way, by Informati— ' on or Complaint to the Commiflioners at any of their Sub—meetings, and to be applied, one Moi— ety to the Informers, and the other to the Party aggrieved by fuch Offence, and to be levied by Difirefs and Sale, . in Manner before directed. _ No Commifiioner fhall fit in Judgment in the Execution of any of the Powers of this Act, where he is any wife interef’ted or concerned. , If any Perfon {hall think himfelf aggrieved by any Rules, Corif’titutions, or Affeflinents made by the Commiflioners, the Judges of Affize, at the Aflizes held for the County wherein the Mat- ter of Complaint principally arifeth, or of NM Prim, or Sitting of Nzfi Prim at Weflmz'rg/Eer, when the Caufe of Complaint fhall arife in the ,County of Mdd/efex, may, upon Complaint brought within eight Months after making fuch ‘ Rules, 55c. confirm, alter, or vacate the fame. - Every Barge—mafter, or Mafter of any Boat or Veffel, and Owner thereof, is to make good all Damages that {hall be done by his Veffel or Crew, or by Perfons ordinarily belonging to, or ’ . going with fuch Veffels, either to the Goods la— den on Board, or by fifhing with Nets, or other- wife, or by fhooting with Guns, or taking or dei’troying any F ifh, Fowl, or Game; or to a? ny of the Locks, Lock—tackle, Wears, Bucks, Winches, Turnpikes, Dams, Floodgates, or o- ther Engines -, or to any Bridge or Lands, Trees, Meadows, or Grounds on the faid Rivers, either with Men or HOrfes; and may be fued for the fame by Action of Trefpafs, or otherwife -, and, if the Trefpafs or Damage {hall appear to have been fo done by any Perfon' ordinarily belonging to, or employed in fuch Barge or Craft, whereof he was Maf’ter or Owner, he fhall be found guil- ty, and the Plaintiff fhall recover his Damages, with full Cofts of Suit. If any Bargeman, or other Perfon, belonging to any Veffel navigating the faid Rivers, {hall fieal, fell, take, barter, confume, adulterate, or embezil, any Goods, Part of the Freight of fuch Veffel, and be convicted thereof before a Juf’tice, who fhall hear and determine fuch Complaint in a fummary Way, either by felf Confefiion, or the Oath of one credible Witnefs, he fhall for- feit forty Shillings for every fuch Offence, to the Informer, to be levied by Diftrefs and Sale by Warrant from the faid Juftice; and, for Want of Dif’trefs or Non—payment on Demand, he lhall be committed to the Houfe of Correétion to hard Labour, for any Time not exceeding two Months, and the Informer fhall be paid the faid Sum of forty Shillings equally by the Treafurers of the two COunties, between which that Part of the River {hall run, where the Offence fhall be com- mitted“, upon producing a Certificate of the Con- viétion, under the Hand of the Juf’tice before whom the Information fhall be laid, and that the Offender had no Goods or Chattles whereon the Penalty could be levied. Two Commifiioners, upon Complaint on Oath by any Tenants or Occupiers of Meadows, that- the Water runs over the Water-mark, and that their Meadows are in Danger of being overflow- ‘ 1467:. for the River of Thames. ed, may fend a Warrant to the Conftable of the fame, or neighbouring Parifh or Tithing where the Offence {hall be committed, impowering him ’ to give Notice of fuch Complaint to the Tenants ' or Occupiers of the faid Locks, 5c. and, on ‘ their Refufal, to compel them to openand keep . ’ open the fame till the Water is funk below the Water-mark : And, if the Tenants or Occupi- 7. , f f h ' near the faid Rivers, or otherwife, he fhall, for ‘ ers 0 no Meadows fhall fuftam any Damage by the Waters being penned above the Water—mark’ fet _by the Commiflioners, or by the Occupiers of the faid Locks, €56. neglecting or refufing to. draw, after Notice, as aforefaid, three Commif- .fioners, at any of their Sub-meetings, Within , fourteen Days after, upon Proof, on Oath, of the Damage, may order fuch Satisfaétion as they .fhall think juft; and the Party not making Pay- v ment thereof within thirty Days after the Order, and Notice given thereof, {hall forfeit five Pounds" above the Sum fo ordered, to be levied by Dif’trefs and Sale of his Goods and Chattles by Warrant from three Commiflioners. Any Commifiioner‘ on his own View, or on Complaint to him, may order, by his Warrant, ' the Owners or Navigators of deep loaded Vef- fels, forthwith to remove by lightening their Vef- fels, or otherwife, as he {hall think fit, and to fuf- ' fer light loaded Veffels to pafs; and, on Non-' compliance With fuch Order, he may levy, by ‘his Warrant, a Penalty not exceeding five Pounds, ‘ upon the Goods and Chattles of the Offender, or Tackle belonging to the Barge, as he fhall' think proper, or adequate to the Damage, to be paid to the Perfon next immediately fuftaining the Damage, occafioned by his Veffel’s being f’topped. If, upon View of three or mOre‘Commifiio-v ‘ners, or on Complaint on Oath to five of them, at any of their Sub—meetings, it {hall appear that ‘any Owner or Occupier of any Lock, £97. or any other Perfon, hath removed any‘Water-mark ap- pointed by the Commiflioners, fuch Perfon {hall forfeit five Pounds, to be recovered at any of the faid Sub-meetings, in a fummary Way, by any ‘Perfon who will complain or inform thereof, and to be levied by Diftrefs and Sale. Seven or more Commiflioners, at any of their general Meetings, may make an Order, under their Hands and Seals, for the cleanfing and bal-. , laf’ting, and removing all’Obf’truétion and An: noyances in the faid Rivers; and for defraying' ’ the Charges thereof, and of printing and pub; lifhing the Ofders of the Commiflioners, and for making a reafonable Recompence to the Clerks of the Peace for tranfmitting Duplicates thereof, and for paying the Salaries of fuch‘ OfflCers as they fhall appoint for the infpefting the Execution of this Act -, and they may fet Rates to be paid by the Owners of every Boat or Veffel pafling’the Places fo cleared, and appoint Receivers thereof, until a fuflicient Sum can be raifed to defray the Expence, and may impower, by Warrant, fuch Receivers to levy the Rates by Difizrefs and Sale, and deduét the fame, together with all Charges attending, rendering the Overplus to the Owner. The Owners of all Veffels of the Burthen of twenty Tons, or upwards, navigating the faid Rivers, fhall affix their Names and Places of A- bode, and the Dimenfions and Tonnage of their Veffels on fome confpicuous Place thereof, on Penalty of forfeiting forty Shillings for every Negleét, to any Perfon who will inform ’or com" plain thereof, and conviét fuch Offenders before» the Commiflioners at any of their Sub-meetings, the fame to be levied by Dif’trefs and Sale of the Offenders Goods. ‘ . And whereas, for the improving the Nawga— tion of the faid Rivers Thames and Ifls, it is found expedient to put fuch Part of the River Kennel, as is between the common, Landing-place at 0 , Realing, SI ..... 52., The River Lee. 7.5., The City's Right to it. L. Coke’s In- fiitut. 0F great Be- nefit to the City. An Ad: for a . new Cut in the Lee to bring it to London, I 5 Eli/Z The River. Lee,~ or {Leyi Reading, and the Mouth of thefaid' River, un; der the fame Regulation and Management; it is therefore'enaéted, That the Commiflioners', ap— pointed by this Aét, {hall be Commiflioners for carrying on and regulating the Navigation of the aforefaid Part of the River Keener, in like Man— ner, in all Refpeéts, as the Rivers 9' 1mm: and’ 1/55. , .T his A& (hall- not extend to take .away any JurifditliOn of the Mayor, Commonalty, and Ci- tizens of London, or other Body politic orvcorpo- rate, or other Perfon or Perfons whathever. i_ C H A P. XII. The River Lee, 07" Ley. flit A5? for a'Cut to he made in it. Seawerea’ and made, , N arwgaéle. A Gimme/ion of Savers for the Lee. Cuts made, we the ‘ Bani: of it-z'ez‘ ‘tbe Night—Zine, to let are: the Water. ' a ‘ ‘ECAUSE a confiderable River, gliding ”from the North, falleth into the Tbemes about Lime/eoufe, or Leymeut/a', called Lee or Ley, o‘r‘Lez‘gb", oer; and a" Right in it claimed for a’ great Way by the‘City‘; therefore, as an Ap- pendix to this former Difcourfe, I {hall remark a ' féw‘ Thinos in it. This pfitafant and ufeful River, and the great— el’t in the Co'unty‘ofHertford', fireams along from Hertford and Ware, and {0 by the Counties‘of Middle/ex and Eflex, Wafliing Low-Layton on the Rail, aVillage which hath its Name from thence, and ft) to Temple-Ml], Old-Ford, and‘Stretford- le-Bo‘w, and at length lofeth itfelf' in the Themes. The” City, from antient Times, feems to have a Right to it: For it is recorded in the Rolls of Parliament, 2 Hen. V, that, in all Commiffions touching the Water of Lee, the Mayor of London {hall be one. The City received much Benefit from it. . F Or, in former Time, it cenveyed Corn, Malt, a‘nd'othcr Commodities to London; as appears by the Verdiét~ of a Jury given Decemb. ' 10, the azd of Edw. IV, touching the Defaults and Im- pediments, ‘ flopping and letting the full Courfe and Liberty of the River, called The Water of Ley. Where it Was, among other Things, found and prefented touching the Abbot of Waltbam’s Annoyances, as 'followeth : “ Alfo the Head of “ the Entry of the faid Abbot’s Mill, where Water goeth out of the King’s River, is of IO F ote broad, where" it fhould be but 4. F ote by the which the Kynges Servant is fore hurt. Al'fo the faid. Abbot hath a Lock, which is u it it st ¢¢ st F ote. For the Which Caufe it muff be broke up -, for it is a‘ great Jeopardy to all" manner of Barges and Boats which goeth by the Water there.” V In‘ the Year 1571', the I 3th of (been Elzf was an A& of Parliament made for bringing the Ri- Ver of Lee to the north Side of the City of L072- den. But it is que‘l’tionable, whether this Cut was ever begun at all ; certain it is, it was never fi- 'nilh‘ed, and brought to any north Parts of Lon- don : However, it is vulgarly faid, that the Chan- "nel over which the Bridge is built near Temple: -.Mz'll, is Part of that Cut; but it is more likely an antient Branch of the Lee, and never cut by Art. It WOuld have been a good Work, had it been done, Which the Preamble of the faid Aét fufl'i- ciently fets forth; mentioning how “ Commo— F‘ dious it would be both to City and Country, if the River Lee, otherwife called Ware Ri- ver, might be brought within the Land to the north Part of the City, to be cut out of the faid River for the Navigation of Barges, and other Vefl‘els, to'carry'Merchandize, Vié‘tua-ls, and other Necefl'aries from the Town of Ware, and all other Places near the {aid River, unto Londan, and from the faid 'City to the fame Places : And, alfo, for Tiltboats and Wher— ‘€ (C ‘6‘ a "ct u cc u a ‘6: u (c (- “ $65 for conveying the Qieen’s Subjeéts to and “ . r0.” And thereupon, by that A&, it was made law- ful for the Lord Mayor and City of London, and , their Succeflbrs, at any Time hereafter, to lay , out convenient Limits of Ground, for making the Trench in the faid River, in fuch Breadth as . to them and their Deputies and Workmen ihall. feem convenient, and in the Place they; fhould 7 think moi’t apt and meet for that Purpofe ; And ~ to have, take, and ufe, .. fo much Ground all the _ Length, as the faid new Channelor Cut fhould, pals, and fifty or fixty Feet in Breadth, on each Side of the faid River all the Length of the fame: And not to take in Breadth, both in Channel and in Ground on both Sides, above the Breadth of eight-fcore Feet in all; which was thought ne- cefl‘ary to be had, becaufe the Ground and. Soil on each Side muf’t be occupied, as well forlaying of the Earth that, lh'ould be caf’c out of the faid Trench, to ferve in the lower Grounds, efpecial- 1y near the faid River, to makefubfiantial Banks; to keep the Country from Inundat-ions, when the Floods ihould rife ,1 as alfo for Way to‘ pafs with; Trunks and Carts, to carry away the Gravel, and; other Earth, in very great @antities‘ from the Hills, whereasthe Cut muf’t be very deep. And; alfo, when ‘it fhall be made, that the whole , Ground on both Sides the River might lie in one TILevel from the City of London to that Place, , where the faid Trench or River lhould' haVe. his, Beginning. oilt of the main River of Lee : And, ‘to the End, alfo, that in all Places, within- that 3 Limit and Diftance, all People might, with great but xv Fote brOde, Wher it fhould be xviii L Eafe‘ and Commodity, go in and out of their ' Tiltboats, and other Velfels, without Peril, and fo walk on; Foot as long as it fhould plea’fe them; and, alfo, that the Bargemen might, upon the fame Ground, draw their Vefiels from Place to Place along the fame. _ The Mayor and Commonalty were to have the- fame Grounds the whole Length b'y Compofiti— on, with the Owners and Occupiers Of the Soil; and Ground. The Lord Chancellor, or Lord Keeper, might appoint fixteen Commifiioners, to treat, agree, and compound with fuch Num— ber of F reeholders, and Inhabitants, of the Coun- ty of Mddlefex, Eflex, and Hereford, for fcouring, cleanfing, repairing, and keeping the faid River from the Cut to the Town of Were. Until Or— der and Means were devifed and agreed Upon by the faid Commifiioners, and the Commifiion re- turned into_ the Court of Chancery, the Lord. Mayor, and Citizens, not to put the faid Digging and new Cutting in Execution, nor to take any Man’s Ground until they had compounded with the Owners}, and fhould, within ten Years next after the End of the Seflion of this Parliament, cut and finifh the fame. That any fu'ch as re- fufed to be reafonably compounded withal, the fixtee‘n Commiflioners to appoint and determine the Compolition, The Mayor and Commonalty t0 . gBOOltaI.’ Chapi‘"! XII. to have the .whole .JurifdiEEion, Confervancy, Rule, and Government of the new cut River, and Ground of each Side : And, alfo, the Royals ty of the F ifh and F ilhing, and the Profits of the {aid Ground, Soil, and Water, and Authority to punifh all Tranfgrefl‘ors,» {9%. If there ihould happen. any Breaches, Inundations, and Hurts, the Mayor and Citizens to {top the Breaches ; and to, make and maintain, at their own Colt and Charges, fuflicient Hedges and Fences between the Grounds f0 by them taken in, and the Grounds of other Owners, and all convenient Bridges and Ways for Palfage of the Qieen’s Subjeéts. The Difficulties, it feems, and the Charges in fleeting this Work, appeared in exceeding great, that it deterred the City from attempting it. By a ,Claufe in the Aét aforefaid, it was to be finiih~ ed in tenYears -, but nothing was done towards it in feven Years after. The River. Lee, on. Day: Peflorementioned, pofikfling, the Manor of may, ' giPark there, was a great Inl’trument for his more iconvenient Cpnveyance of Goods and Commodi— ties to and from London, as alfo for the Public. Good. , i ' ‘ > ' 1 . But this the Maltfters and Farmers in the Pa- hill of Enfield, and the Parts thereahouts, were greatly angered at -, becaufe, the Carriage of Malt and Grain by Water to London being made cheaper than could be afforded by fuchas brought'it lay Land-Carriage, their Benefit was hereby hurt? Whereupon the Country People made Cuts in the :RlVCl' to let out the Water, that it might not have Depthenough to bear the Barges, hoping hereby utterly to defeat the Palfage bythat River. ’ EAnd aLock atWalthamwas attempted to beburnt’.’ Complaint being made of this to the Lord Burgh- ley, he, firft, in September, 1581, fent his Let- ters to Sir Henry Cock, Knt. Mr. Fan/haw, and .for this River. The new Cut For I iind, that, in the Year I 577, the City Mr. Ba/h, Gentlemen in thofe Parts, to enquire‘ :hi?ltrii::‘ie«i: entered into Confideration, concerning a new into certain Diforders, and lewd Attempts com--" liberate (1, ~ Cut to be made in-this River, to bring the Paf— mitted in the River of Lee, to the Spoil thereof. up“. fage thereof to Moregate. The Chamberlain lig— [They met accordingly at Enfield, Waltham, and nified this to Thomas Fan/haw, Efq; Remem— Hoddefdon, and difcovered fomewhat : But that ' brancer of the Exchequer, and prayed him to let being nOt effeétual, the {aid Lord, in Ofioher foil the Lord Treafurer Barghley know of it, who had lowing, ifl‘ued outa Commiflion of Sewers, to fe? aCountry Houfe at Che/hunt near this River, ad— veral Gentlemen befides, to examine thefe Abu'w‘ ding alfo, thatthere was good Liking and Hope fes ; whereof kl/illiam Fletewood, Serjeant at Law, it- would be done; and that he [the Chamber- and the Recorder of London, was one. And" it ~ lain] meant to bring a Plat of the Ground and was found by the Certificate lent to the Lard‘ _ Device to hisLordihip. Whereupon Fan/haw Treafurer, and Lord Hun/don, by the faid ‘R’e-' prayed the faid Lordto call upon the Matter, fup- corder, Thomas Fan/haw, Edward Ba/h, Thornas pofing itwould, by that Means,proceed the better. Col/hill, 7afler Leek, and kVillz'am Clark, Efqr‘s.‘ But thisrgood Defign. never came to any Thing. Commiflioners of the Sewers for the River of" The River . In the aforefaid Year, 1577, Notice was taken Lee, who fat. at Tottenham at Sherifi‘ Martin’s“ {0111 anddflml“ of the. Foulnefs of the River, and the Shallow- Houfe there, Where his Cook made them a great“ {gg’cgnafl nefs of the Water in many Places, for Want of Dinner at the fame Time, that a Bank or Place gable. Aseft Cleanfing, fo that Boats could fcarce pafs, unlefs in Enfield Marfh, called the Pipler, Was broken" Cuts made . fionsmoved they drew but little Water; fo that it was. found up two feveral Times with Spades and Shovels," therein P‘i' for RemedY- very needful to look to the Remedying of it, left to let the Water run out of the high Stream in vm y the Benefit of Navigation thereon ihould go wholly into Difufe. Fan/haw and Clark, two Gentlemen in the Parts near. Ware, chiefly {tir-‘ red: in this Matter. The former, in the Month of Ofiaher, put the Lord Treafurer Barghley in Mind of appointing a Sefiions, to be made up firl’t of his Lordfhip himfelf, and of a competent Number befides of Commillioners, who ihould have the Dylcegraves before them, and give out effeétual Orders for the Examination of the De- feéts, and for the Reparation of it. And, it be- ing n0w at the lowei’t, the Faults would belt ap- pear, and being once perfeéied would fo conti- nue. Clark meant, before the faid Sefiions, to a Note of all the Impediments and Defefis. And, to make an Experiment in what Condition the River now was, the faid Lord Burghley had a Boat, which, in this faid Month ofOt'Zoher, was laden at Ware with two Ton Weight, partly Malt and partly Meal, on Purpofe to make Proof of her Working and Burden. She came well up to London, with that Lading, without any Stay ; and was laden at the'Stern to her utmol’t Depth {he was made for, which was eighteen Inches, by Reafon whereof {he touched the Groundin fome Places, but flayed not. Of which Places Notice was taken, that Order might be given for the linking them deeper, becaufe, the Nightntime. The River Bank Was again cut' up to let out the Water, at another Place in E724 . field, called Latherfiy-Gate. A Bank or Jut new-" 1y made at Snflernford, for the narrowing of the Water, for the better Paliage of Boats, was cut up in the Night-time. The Lady Wroth’s old‘ Lock, the Bank there being firm Ground, was cut up; and, being {topped divers Times, was broken Up again in the Night—time, for the mof’c' Part, by the Men of Enfield. Waltham Lock was ' attempted to be fet on Fire with Brimi’tOne, R05 fin, and Straw by Night. 1 ty made at Odycjhelp, at Halyyield-Mm’jh in Che» f jhunt, was alfo cut or broken up in the Night; make a full Trial of the River, and to prefent }, A new Bank, or Jim It was alfovdepofed, that one Penifather, Ser: * vant to the Miller of l/Valthanz, talking with two i Watermen, concerning the fetting the Lock on { Fire, wiihed there were a Barrel of GunpOwder in i the Bottom of the Lock, and another in the Bot- ' tom of their Barge, fo the Men were out of'it.‘ And, being reproved for this Speech, anfwere‘d, ‘ that he had faid nothing, but what he would i’tand ' unto. And further aflted the Watermen, What they were the better if they knew who did it, for they could hut hang him among/t them .? find, if he were hanged, they 'fhould have ill going hy the River ever after. As if he intended, when he was a Ghoi’c, to difturb them. ' ' “ It was found further, that when Complaint was Sir Thoma: other Boats could not pafs, that were of, greater made to the Lord Treafurer of thefe Cuts of the £17}:ngng Burden, and efpecially wider. And, though the Lee Banks -, and he thereupon had lent his Letter the Paflage of Charge of amending all the Impediments would to Sir Thomas' Wrath of Endfield, for the Regula- the Barge, an be but fmall, yet it was feared they would not tion thereof; the laid Wrath fent for certain Per- the lee; -- be done before a Sefiions were appointed by the . ions of Ware, and burl’t out into thefe Words to faid Nobleman. them, viz. ‘ That the Lordsfiof the CounCil had Made Navi- It was not till the Year 1580, that it was made ‘ ‘ done them great Wrong in caufing themto gable, and Navigable, byCleanfing and Repairing as far ‘ make a Pa'li'age for. Barges and Boats, which deanfed- as Ware, by Order from the Queen, and the Lords ‘ was to their Undomg. .And, rather than my of her Council -,’ wherein Thoma: Fan/haw, Efq; ‘ Lerds of the Council {hall force us to make 111p _ ‘ tn: 1 54- ‘ . the Breaches again, we will be hanged at our ‘ own Gates’ And, moreover, gave out Words of Encouragement to the Olfenders, that were prefent before him, faying, That he would war- rant them Remedy, and that fhortly. After which Words fpoken, therewere more Breaches cut out than were before; for they were not fo foon flopped, but forthwith they were cut out .. a am. , The Number Sir Thomas Wrotb’s Servants hung out thefe °lfH°§fisem Words againl’t this Carriage of Com by the Lee, 2;); E71254“, meaning to 'ihew the great Damage of it to the and 35m- Country, that there was 2100 Horfe numbered dire/2. by Sir Tbomar, in one Morning, travelling be- tween Sboreditcb and Enfield. But one Had, an Inhabitant of Ware, an intelligent Man, and a Dealer in Corn and Malt, and Farmer of the O\ueen’s, fhewed, that in Truth the Reafon of all the Enfield Men’s late Dil’turbance at the mak- ing this River navigable, was, that they could not opprefs the Country, and engrofs the Corn, and forei’tall the Market, as they had done be- fore ; and leave the City of London unferved, or raife the Prices there as they pleafed. His Letter to the Commiflioners may not be unworthy here to be fet down, efpecially fo much as concerns our City of London : TheInCOnve- ‘ Pleafeth you to underftand, That whereas nifmc? 0f ‘1 there was one and twenty Hundred Horfe,- br‘c'i‘g'”gMak ‘_ numbered in one Morning by Sir Thomas Wrath, an Cornto . . . Land,” bya ‘ as his own Servants did faithfully report, be- LandsCar- ‘ tween Sboredz'tcb and Endfie/d ; and, as it may ’iage- ‘ be truly judged, twenty Hundred of thofe fame ‘ died in Ditches [killed or worn out with Bur- ‘_den or Travail] within lefs than feven Years ‘ after: Which, in fo long a Space, did devour ‘ a marvellous Quantity of good Corn, Hay, and ‘ Grafs; and died, ferving to no other Ufe but ‘ their carrying Carcaffes to feed the Dogs; the ‘ Owners whereof were great Lofers by their ‘ Death, as it mufl: needs be granted. And the ‘ fame Hay, and Corn, and Grafs, which their ‘ carrion Carcafes did confume and devour, ‘ might have been contrivedand employed to a ‘ great deal more profitable and commodious ‘ Ufe, as to feed three or four Thoufand milch ‘ Beafts; which would have increafed great ‘ Plenty of Butter, and Cheefe, and Milk, able ‘ to ful‘taln and nourifh a great Multitude of poor ‘, People: And whofe Carcafes are employed to ‘_ great Ufe for to feed Men withal, after that ‘ they wax unfruitful; in which there is no Lofs, ‘ which Way foever they be employed : Where- ‘, as the other, after Life is gone, ferve to no ‘ good Ufe. ‘ And, notwithf‘tanding all thefe Inconveniencies ‘ and Difcommodities prevented and holpen, the ‘_ City of London may be vic‘tualled and fraught ‘ with all Manner of Provifions with far lefs " Charges, than the Horfemen of thofe fame ‘ Horfe did l’tand in before. . ‘ But, if it may pleafe you, this is not the ‘ Caufe of to great a Tumult and Stir, raifed now, ‘ of late by thefe lewd Perfons; but their greedy ‘ Defire of Gain, the Lofs whereof is an Hell ‘ unto them. For there be certain rich Men, now ‘ dwelling at Endfield, and in other Places thereby, ‘ who, before the faid River of Lee was now lately ‘ fcowered and redrefi‘ed,were accultomed to ferve game“! d ‘ the Bakers and Brewers of the City of London, Mixer: 0'?“ ‘ and alfo the Markets of the fame with all Kind Landon,ferved ‘ of Grain; who, when they had four or five with Corn by ‘ Hundred Qiarters apiece, bought already of Em???“ ‘ the Farmers of the Country, ’to come in at ‘ Days appointed betwixt them: By Reafon ‘ whereof the Markets in the Country were fmall, ‘ the Prices enhanced, the City unferved ; be- ‘ caufe, by Reafon of this corrupt Dealing, the. 3 - T be River Lee, or Ley. \ Book I. i. ‘ Corn for the prefent Time was come into Men’s ‘ Hands, for that they had bought it beforeiit . came to the Market. And that little, which came to ferve the Market, they would likewife buy up to raife the Prices, to the Intent they might make more Gains of their former Bar- gains; fo that in one Week they were able both to raife the Prices exceffively, and alfo a- bate the fame. And, to help the Matter, when .they perceived the Bakers, Brewers, and other the Citizens of London, to be def’titute, and without Grain, then they ‘would bring in as much Corn'as they could. Neither would they» pitch it at their Bakers or, Bre’wers in the Markets, but carry it clofely to their Inns where they baited their Horfes. Who, except they would give four or five Shillings more in every Horfe Load than they paid before, the Baker and Brewer neither could have Meal nor Malt. ‘ So that of Neceflity the Bakers and Brewers The Injury mull: come to their own Prices; whereb d‘Enem‘he they are confirained to go to the Lord Mayor C"), had)" for a fmaller Aflize to bake by; which my Lord Mayor muft needs grant, according to the Prices as they do pay. And thus was the Commonwealth molt {hamefully abufed, rob- bed, and deceived, to make Mealmen and Maltmen, by thefe wicked Prafiices, unreafon- able Gainers; for, notwithfianding their great Charges their Horfes flood them in, many of them became great Purchafers. And, for all that, when their Cul’tomers, being Bakers or Brewers, did die or decay, though his Goods came to 5001. all would not pay the Mealman or Maltman. Whereby his Wife and Children were brought into extreme Poverty, and the Mealman had all. ‘ But, fince the River of Lee was reformed, God’s Name be praifed, they are utterly pre- vented of thefe former Practices. For, if they will not fell now to the Baker or Brewer, or in the public Market for a reafonable Gain, both the Occupiers and dther the Houlholders go down to Qgteen-bz'tbe, or to the VVaterfide, and there they make their Provilion at reafonable Prices, as the Time doth require. Whereby they are utterly prevented now of their former Racking and Railing of Prices at their Plea‘fures. . Which is their double Grief, and the chief Caufe of their Envy, and the Malice they bear to the Maintainers of the River, feeking the Spoil of the fame; for, if they were content to deal in the Commonweal for a reafonable Gain, then would they traffic by the River as other Men do. But he that is carnally minded, and doth lofc an exceliive Gain, obtained at his Pleafure, and is confirained to content himfelf with a competent Gain, as other Men do, it is a double Death to him., For he had rather be hanged. And fo had they. And fo they them~ felves confefs. ‘ This {hall be tel’tified ‘ by the Teliimony of ‘ one hundred Citizens. a t C ‘ ‘ K K 6 C ‘ , ‘ K ‘ ‘ C C ‘ ‘ «onnhnnfinnnn“"“0n Thefe Evils redrelfed by Means of the Lee. annnnnnnaannn°n°fi"“flfl"" Tours, T H o. H U o D E. The People in thefe Parts, about Endfield, cla- M)"; fan/91f: moured molt of all agai'nft Mr. Fan/haw, for be- gift; 2 f :1 ing Chief in promoting the Carriage by the River in clearing Lee; and that he did it for his own Ends, and the River for the Benefit of his Town of Ware._, . In An- L”- fwer to which, the faid Gentleman acknowledged, that the making of that Pad-age colt him above 100 Marks, and he received only the Commodity, that he had London Beer brought him to his Houfe at I/Vare Park for his Money ; and all other Car- riages better cheap by Half than by Land Cap riage; and other Profit he made none: For that all the Houfes were holden _ by certain Rents, lit). ' t er Chap- XII. The Number termen, was to Men of other Towns: For, of two ‘ ad‘oinin . That 't ' ' y: 3?;gefobe' and twenty Barges or Boats, there belonged but ‘ toerrvegher Majefty?:iili:infiyl Sffber Emilia/111:3“ thiISgREIer. SIX to the Men Of W4”- ‘ than could be found out among all the Bad er; The Inhabi- It was within two Years after, viz. Jana I 583, ‘ of Endfield. That it was the Caufe thatgth tants of End: that the Town of Endfield put up their Complaints ‘ Highway to Ware by Land was more afihblg {‘lzirc‘finfifn to thofe in Power, for carrying Goods by the ‘ for thofe that rode Pol’t, and all others tIhan be- “g/ater-Car- Waters of Lee, confliiing in. feveral Articles: As ‘ fore, when it was peltered with Mall-Horfes riage. the reducing fo many Carriers to Poverty; the ‘ Befides very many other Commodities and Difcommodity of the Brewers of London; Hin- ‘ great Savings of unnecefl'ary Expences.’ , derance of bringing of Grain into the City; the Another Commifiion of Sewers, ifl'ued out ffldy A h Rudenefs of Watermen; the confiant Charge to 17, 1589, for the River of Lee, and the Limits cgrorimiinon the Country of repairing the Banks of the River; thereof,‘ ‘viz. From Ware to Waltbam, from Wal— 0f Sewers for Decay of the King’s Subfidy in Endfield -, and of tbam to Temple-Bridge, from Temple-Bridge to Ba]. the Lee' the Swans and Game, and the treading down the lzfauat, from thence to Glob/bi], from thence to Gr afs. the Old Ford, and fo t'o Bow—Bridge, and the four Anfwered. But fubftantial Anfwers were foon framed to Mill Locks, and fo to Leemoutb, in the River of ther by Charter or" Copy -, f0 that, for any Thing he could fave, he and his Son fhould not fave their Charges in fixty Years. And the Townf- men found fo little Profit by it, that none of them fued for the Continuance of the fame, faving Five or Six that had Boats or Barges, whereupon their Living refted, and the Smiths. And that the greateft Commodity that arofe thereby to Wa- this Complaint : As, ‘ That the greateft Num- ‘ ber of Carriers of Grain by Land were always ‘ very poor, carrying for other Men; and that ‘ many of them fell into Decay by the great ‘ Charge and Lofs of their Horfes. That there were about one Hundred and Fifty tall and ferviceable Men maintained, befides thofe Far- Tbe River Lee, or Ley. ‘ by Land between London and Ware ' ‘ ther Highway within the Realm. ’Achh :Ezrolt ‘ was found profitable for London, and for Hert- : ford, her Majelty’s own Town, the Shire Town and a Town fit to keep Term in; and alfo f0; ‘ Ware, which daily ferveth her Majefly with ‘ Pof’t-Horfes, and all other Kind of Carriaoes- befides many other Towns, Villages, and Plazfces, Thames. For this Commiflion, among many in Nomination, the City being fo much concerned herein, were named the Lord Mayor for the Time being, Sir Thomas Pullifon, Sir George Barnes, Rickard Martin, :7o/m Hart, 701m Spea/er, Henry Billingfley, Aldermen of London. 55 In the Year I 593, and the 35th of the (Lueen, An Orderof an Order was made‘upon a Bill exhibited into the Star—Clam- Star-Cbamber, by Sir William Roe, Knt. late Lord .17” COPCCV" Mayor of the City of London, Thoma: Fan/haw, mgthist mers, Millers, and Maltfters, which, as Own- ers, fent their Corn by Water to London. That all the Beer-Brewers, in and about London, both my anananaan‘nnaflnnana... Eagli/b and Strangers, were much bettered by the bringing of Malt by the Water of Lee to London. And the Ale-Brewers alfo faved by it, by Reafon the Price of Malt was always kept as low as the Plenty and Scarcenefs of Malt would permit ; which before might be, and was raifed, as it pleafed the Maltmen. That Beer and Ale was continually made Ptronger than it was before. That the Watermen were, and might be punilhed for their Diforders. That the Charges of repairing the Banks of the Ri- ver, and taking away Shelves, had been very fmall, fince the firl’t Preparing it for pafling, faving at Eafield, Waltbam, and Chefbant, where difordered Perfons riotoufly pulled down the ‘ Banks. That the Taxes were always fmall and ‘ certain, and the Subfidy in Eadfield was but lit- ‘ tle decayed. And the Decay feemed to come, ‘ by Reafon that fome that had been afTeITed at ‘ good Rates were dead, and none of fuch Ability ‘ were as yet in their Places. That it was no ‘ Marvel there was little Hay laf’t Year in the ‘ Marfhes; for the like Scarcity was in every ‘ Place, by Reafon of the dry Spring-time. That ‘ thefe Supplicants, having, perhaps, fome of ‘ them, fome little Piece of Marfh in Eadfield on- ‘ ly, and many of them none at all, complained ‘ in the Behalf of all Owners between Leemoatla ‘ and Ware, to make their Complaints feem fome- ‘ what. That it was well known, that the Game ‘ of Swans was decayed, both there and through- ‘ out the Country, by the evil Dealing of the Of- " ficers. That there would be alfo Fowl enough ‘ for hawking in the By-i’treams and Mill-fireams, ‘ and alfo lying upon the main River, were it ‘ not, that in breeding Time the Young were ‘ killed or driven away with Spaniels, and, in ‘ Winter, the Old with Guns. ‘ In ibort, it was anfwered, that the Paffage by ‘ that River is, and ought to be, by the common ‘ Law and divers Statutes, free and common to ‘ all her Majei’ty’s Subjec‘is, with all Manner of ‘ Goods and Carriages at all Times, even as her ‘ Highnefs’s Highway ~, and ought to be permit- ‘ ted for that Purpofe, as the Queen’s Highway Efq; Rickard Brook, Recorder, and divers Barge- men, Plaintiffs, againft Mlliam Tlaarawgoad, and . other Defendants, for the riotous Stopping up of the Pafi'age of Barges and VelTels in this River, by laying down of the high Bridge at Walt/9am Holy-Cro/Ir, and choaking the River with Stones, Timber, Earth, and other Things, cal’t therein at a Place near to the By-ftream, that leadeth to Walt/9am Corn Mill, and the riotous Beating of the Bargemen, which did tow and draw the Boats upon the Bankfide of the faid River: It was or- dered by the Court, Nov. 16, that the two Lords Chief Juftices Ihould, upon Information given by the Council, learned on both Sides, confider of the State of the Caufe depending, touching the Right and Law for the free Paffage upon the faid River, as of the Conveniency and Inconveniency thereof; and how the fame PaiTage hath been' ufed for the molt Part of twenty Years laf’t pad. The faid two Jul’tices made their Report inWrit— ing, the 20th Day of 7am, Alma Regi: 36, which The two was, That they, upon full Confideration of the Chief Juflices ancient Records, Statutes, and Evidences fhewed OPi“i°“- to them, did find it fufliciently proved, that the PalTage in and upon the River of Lee hath been, The Pafl'age and, in their Opinion, ought to be free, fame River a navigable River, for Carriage an Recarriage of Vefl'els, and all other Things in Boats and Vefl‘els, thus named in ancient Records, and other, viz. Naves, Batelli, Neifes, Batteaux, Showts, Barges, and Boats. And, by exprcfs Words, in a Prefentment or Inquifition, taken in the Time of King Edward IV, that the fame Paf- fage upOn the faid River ihould be free. And, that they the faid two Chief Jul’tices did find by a Record in the Time of King Edward Ill, that there pafl‘ed Boats of that Time upon the Ri- ver, of four Ton apiece. And, in the Time of King Henry IV, it feemed by another Record, that there pafl‘ed upon the faid River a Boat of twelve Tom, and the on the River (21 to be free. But they found, withal, between the faid Plain- Which Way tiffs and Defendants fome great Difference, Way the ancient River of Lee went in Waltham Holy-Crofw viz. Whether down the great River, 1),. P called which the River went at Wala an». ancient-g 56 called High Lee or Great Lee; and fo under the Bridge called the Hz'gb'Brz'dge, as the Plainti‘lfs fay, or elfe down a Lake called The Shire Luke; and _fo under the Bridge called T/ae Small Leigh Bridge, as the Defendants alledge. And, there- fore, the two Chiefjuftices thought good to leave . that; to the Confideration of the Court [of Star- Chamber] upon View of the Records, to teftify of the fame. In wliatCafe And the faid Jufiices did find alfo, that the lawful to pafs Paffage for the mof’t Part of twenty Years laft thmugh‘h}: paft, before the faid Order, viz. fOr fifteen or 01:13:: m fixteen Years together, was continually ufed with ' Barges up and down, the Burthen of fur and fe4 ven Ten, and frame under, through a new Lock made, as is affirmed, by the Authority of the Commiffioners of Sewers at Waltlau‘m Holy-Crofr, near the Corn Mill there : Which faid Commilli- oners gave Authdrity, as Was faid, to the Pafi‘en- gers, that, when they Could not pafs through that . new Lock, they might open a Lock in Walt/rum, Holy-Crofr, made in the fanieRiVCr to draw Wa— ‘ ter to the faid Mill, where the ancient Palfage, as it feemed to the faid two Jufiices, was thought by the Commiflioners to have been. After which . Order, the Bargemen, being denied, of late, to pafs through the New Lock, did open the Old Lot/t, and pafs through the fame, until they by other Means were interrupted. Which more And the faid two Chief Jufiices did find alfo, convenient, touching the Conveniency or IncOnveniency, that the Wale" the Water Carriage is far better cheap than the 31:13: 0' Land Carriage; and that the fame Land Car- . riage, by Horfes and Carts, is more chargeable; but it doth fet more on Work than the Water Carriage dorh. And, therefore, they did leave the fame to the Confideration of the Court, which {hall be moft meet, or both, to be ufed, as they have been. . The final De- Whereupon, after a full Hearing of the Coun- “rmina'im‘ cil learned on each Part, in the Opinion of this 22;}:534” Court, it mufi: needs follow, That it is more pro- . fitable to the City of London, and Common- wealth, to have free Liberty of Carriages both by Water and Land, as it was before the fuppofed riotous Stopping of the fame PaITage, than to be 'reftrained thereof. And it Was that Day ordered, that the Palfage in and upon the faid River fhall be and continue free, and in fuch Sort, and in. fuch Place thereof, and for fuch Barges and Boats as were ufed in the Time of, or before, the late Stopping thereof, until the Caufe was there; heard, and otherwife ordered. And, where it was)” alledged in this Court by the Defendants, that it; was not lawful for the Bargemen to go on the' Bankfide to draw and to‘w their Barges and Boats, .Ior that the faid Palfag'e of Boats could not be continued, without the Bargemen had Liberty to; go on the Bankfide : It was therefore in like Mamg ner ordered, that the Bargemen lhould, and might; go upon Land by the Bankfide, to tow theiri Barges up and down, as before they did, withoutfl ‘ any violent Refifiance of any Perfon. And if} any Perfon' or Perfons interefted in the Lands,i where the faid Bargemen fhould pafs, lhould find Lhimfelf grieved therewith, it fhould be lawful for him in fuch Cafe, if he fhould fo think good, to; fue or implead the faid Bargemen, or any of them, in any ofher Majefty’s Courts of King’s-Bench or Common-Pleat, and there to proceed to a due and lawful Trial of the fame, whether it be lawful for the faid Bargemen to draw or tow their; Boats, going on the Bankfide of the faid River 5: and, after due Trial had thereof, this Court mind-‘ ed to take fuc‘n further Order therein as lhould'be meet. , There is one Thing more I have to add con-,1 cerning this River, namely, that hence it was; that the City was chiefly furnilhed with Bread; The City chiefly {up- plied with Grain from . this River. The River'Lee, er Ley. V Corn, and the Brewers of Leuu'm with Malt. And Book I. therefore the Magifirates of the City much con; cerned themfelves, that none of this Corn, thus conveyed by the Lee, might be fold elfewherc, but brought fairly to the Markets of the City. Wherefore, in the Year 1584., they came to un- derl’tand of, or fufpeéted, fome underhand Deal- ing of the Viétuallers ; that is, thofe that bought up and brought Corn by this River; and that they did privately fell it before it came to the Market, to Ships, Dutch and Eagle/72, that lay at Hand in the River of Thames to receive it ; or fe- cretly houfed it at the Brewers Wharfs. Of this a Complaint was made to the Lord Treafurer, praying him to take fome Remedy to prevent it, for the good Ef’tate of the City, that depended f0 much upon it. And this was the Information and Petition they of the City preferred to the faid Lord : ' ‘ F irl’t, F or'afmuch as, beforetime, all fuch Corn Abufe ofthe as now cometh by the River of Lee to London, Viauaum Was either brought by Land, or elfe by fome 323:3: other Water by Cocket, whereby the City from Lee. ' Time to Time was afi’uredly ferved, and cer- tified of whatfoever was brought : It is now to be feared, for that the like Order is not f0 di- reetly obferved, that divers Dutch and Eugli/b Veffels, lying in the Paffage to London, may interrupt, and take up, as fome of them of late have done, fuch Corn and Grain as accufto’m- ably is brought by the Victuallers, whereby the Store and Market of the City may be greatly hindered and foreftall'ed. ' ‘ Secondly, Whereas it is provided, that all Wharfs and Keys {hall keep due Hours in the Day, for Charge and Difcharge of Ships, Boats, and Veffels that come to the City ; it is mani- felt, that thofc Viétuallers that come dOWn the River of Lee, have, both by Day and Night, free Recourfe into and through the Brewers Wharfs and Houfes ; making their Market— Places at their Pleafure, without Controulment. And, for that they are, for the moi’t Part, open Boats of great Stowage, it is to be feared, and prefumed greatly upon, that fine Wares and Merchandizes may as well be conveyed and brought by them from Ships, as Corn to be car- ried aboard Ships by them; and the rather fo to be doubted, infomuch as Dutch Hoys and Ships lie commonly at or near unto Brewers Wharfs, which have Cranes. ‘ Thirdly, This Suiferance and Subornment of the Viftuallers by the Brewers, as it is fuppofed, is not only for fome private Gain had, and got- ten by them, but alfo for the Benefit of their Servants, whom they advantage by meafuring of Com in their own Houfes, allowing them a Penny by the ViEtualler; whereas the fworn - Corn‘Meters take but a Halfpenny by the (barter. The which they would never do, un- lefs it were, as it is doubted, for fome privy Practice, and Breach of good Order. For there have been feen above goo Qlarters of good Wheat in two Brewers Houfes -, when as the fworn Officers have not meafured, nor known of the taking up 40 Quarters thereof; nor have they had any Warrant to take it up by; So that it is alfo to be thought, that they have not brewed of the fame Corn ; infomueh as that they ufed not to brew with any f0 good. ‘ Laftly, If fo be it, that the former Abufes fhould be borne with, and that the Brewers, Bargemen, and Maltmen lhould be fufi‘ered fo to confederate, and withf’tand all good Order; whereas the faid River of Lee hath been thought commodious and profitable for the City ofLou- don, it will, in the End. be found both prejudi- cial to it, and the whole Country befides, who already cry out of them. . g ; A. f BcfeEChing 5 anahnoannhflaanflhn “nhnnl‘nhhaofifi “fihfinonnonnonnnnna “annnfifie, >5 ‘ .1 / I —“ ~_____ I ' "Wm“ulbmnm , _ 7_ 7 w_. ‘ ‘ (H . ‘ ‘ x —.——_—-_——_-—_ —.—_~—— m I ‘ I ‘ ‘ \\‘ W In,” ‘ U. V WW mummy _i it ! l V L 1 . Hmnn Ill , ‘ , ' » , . ‘ ”Indium!“ // ; . / , // , ‘ . 5 . ‘ _ . . , . \ ‘ - \ ‘ ‘ , «. , U ‘ :7 / ll Ni ,ullumllll I ullllll ummm mum qumllmmu 2 4|! IllIIIIII-x! l|llllm 1|"!de IIIIIIIIIIIIHIIMIIIIIII mnumumumuml q I:In"4:!"Illlumllmux‘ | I a W .— nm' m n I "fl:::u'n‘?- ’1' III "I 1. ‘ IJIIJI "‘IIllIllIllnlmfllnlmhu"mull" H i' ,, "linuummn u IIIIIIII mu! ‘ ~ "1' I‘ I nu “ .LJWHHIIHI 'umnn H“ F100,...”th Alllmsmnum‘mum amp. Remarks of the River Lee out of the Law Books. 7. Conyerr, Efquire. 1.9.3.1. 3155. Afiz. Fla. 6. F 01. 62. Nufam. A Commifli- on upon a Nuance here. The Hike of It. Callis’s Read- ings, p. 215, 216. Stops on this River, and the Remedy. Year Book, 9 Hen. 6. c. 9. The Bridges of Lam/an. 7. s. XIII. London-Bridge. ‘ Befeeching your good Lordl‘hip £0 to confide: ‘ hereof, as that no Difo-rder may be privileged . ‘ hyAuthority, nor our necefl'ary and ancient T ‘ Cufloms broken by Abufe.’ Moreover, there are thefe memorable Matters in. the. Statutes and» Law Books concerning this ' Water of Lee; and what Ef’teem and Care hath been formerly had for this River, in Regard for the Supplies and Provilions brought by it to the City of London. Ln the 19th of Edward III, it was found by the l Inquell‘, {Zeta l’ewe de le Lee efl hante .Eflrete de Le . Roy, 3'. e.» That the Water of the Lee is the King’s High-Street. And a Commiflion was illued out in the faid Year, as in Lih. Afizar. to this Te» nor, Commmiflian afl'uzfl, (do. i. e. ‘ A Commilli-' ‘ on was ‘ill‘ued out to certain Perfons Of a Nu- E fance made in the Water of the Lee, which holds i its Courfe from Ware to Waltham, and fo to the . ' . water of Thames. And the AnnufanCe was re- 3 hearfed concerning Trenches, or Cuts, made to : turn away the Courfe: And alfo for Piles, Pitches, Ede. fixed in the Courfe of the find water. of Lee; whereby the Boats and Ships which went by in the faid Water, were dillurbed in their Palfage ; to the Annufance of the City of London, and the People coming thence. And the King’s Judges argued largely concerning this Enquiry.’ , . This Cafe, and the [flue of it, the learned Law- yer Callz's thus relateth : “unannhnanan ‘ A -Pref‘entment was found by Jury before . ‘pCommii’lioners, that certain Perfons by Name ‘ had turned the 'Courfe of the River of Lee, ‘ which. is there termed T he King’s Stream, and ‘ ran from Ware, Ede. and had fixed and ‘ pitched Piles and Stakes therein; by Means ‘ whereof Boats and Ballangers were hindered in ‘ theirPafl‘ages up and down the River. And ‘ upon this Prefentment it was awarded, that thofe ‘ Perfons which were prefented by Name, and ‘ who had done Part of the Nufance, {hould re- ‘ form the fame. And, becaufe fome of the Par— ‘ ties could not be difcovered which had done 0- ‘ ther Part of the Nufance, it was ordered, that ‘ the Sheriff fhould he commanded by Writ, to ‘ him to be direéted, to reform that Part of the ‘ Niifance ; taking therein to his Alliftance thofe ‘ Perfons who had Grounds next adjoining.’ Inthe Year Book under the Reign of King Henry VI, it appears what Letts and Stops were oftentimes made in this River; and that the Lord Chancellor of England might appoint by Law Commiflioners, as Occafion {hall ferve, to exa- mine and remedy thefe Nufances. ‘ Come ardz'ne, {9°C. i. e. As it is ordained by ‘ the Statute made in the Time of King Edward, ‘ fince the Conquell, the Third, in the 25th Year ‘ of his Reign, that all the Guts, Mills, Efianks, ‘ Stakes, Files, and Kidels, that were fet in the great Rivers of England, in the Time of our Lord Edward, late King of England, Son of Henry. And lines by the faid, Eric. the Ships and Boats are dil’curbed, that they cannot pafs for as they were wont, may be removed and quite pulled down. And as fince, in the Parliament of our Lord Henry, late King of England, Fa. ther to our Lord the King, which late was held in the firl’c Year of his Reign, it is ordained, That as well the faid Statute in the faid 25th Year, as one other Statute made in the Time of the faid Noble King Edward III, the 45th of 'his Reign, in all their Articles, {hall be held and firmly obferVed : Adding to them, that Commiflions Ihould be made to fuificient Per- . fons to be Jufiices in any County of England, where Need Ihould be, to preferve and guard all the Waters and grand Rivers within the Realm, and the Defaults to correét and amend, and to do Execution of the faid Statutes, {9°C. And, notwithllanding all the faid Statutes, and many other Statutes made for the Confervancy of the faid great Rivers, there be fuch great Num- bers, de Shelpe: deins le River de Lee, of Shelves Shelves in within the River of Lee, which is in the Coun- “16L“- ties ofEflZ’x, Hertforayhz're, and Middleyiax, running from the Bridge of Ware Town unto the River of Thames ; the which Shelves are made and come by Force and Courfe of the faid Water of Lee, that the Ships and Boats cannot pafs R) as they ought : For that no Power or Autho- rity is given by any Statute made before, how, nor in what Manner the faid Shelves may be re- moved, fo as by a Petition. given in this Parlia- ment, by the Commons thereof, was plainly ’ declared. . ‘ ‘ Whereupon, by the Advice and Alfent of the faid Lords Spiritual and Temporal, and alfo at the Requelt of the faid Commons, it was grants ed and ordained, that the Chancellor of England, for the Time being, fhould allign certain fufli— cient Commifiioners, who {hall have Power, by the Authority of this Parliament, to remove and call: away all the faid Shelves out of the faid River of Lee, upon the Repairs of the faid River, (9’6. And in Cafe, afcan Chinanee, on ' Creance, any Credit for any Sums of Money may, or can be made for the taking away and removing the faid Shelves; that then the Com- millioners of the faid River for the Time being, by them, .or their Dieputies, may, by Autho~ rity of the faid Parliament, take and collect of any Ship or Boat freighted, palling or coming in the faid River, 4 d. for the Repayment of the {aid Credits made or done, and for the Confer- vancy of the faid River without fuch Shelves, only to the End of three Years next coming.’ S o 5 c s c c c c c g S ‘. c s ‘. c c nhflflnnnnflflno»finor.a n.aaofififlhnnflhnflfld\flfifin And thus much for this River of Lee, {0 fero‘ viceable to the City] C H A P. XIII. London~Bridge. The flntiaza'zjy of it.‘ an the Bridge. The Building: on it. Oldborn—Bridge. Cow-Bridge. ND now, leaving the Thames, let us next take a View of the famous and Wonderful Bridge built over it. And, after feveral Things obferved concerning the Antiquity and Building .of ‘it, we lhall pafs to fome other Bridges laid The Antiqui- - ty of London- Bridge. over other Waters belonging to the City.] And, Fir/l, concerning the Bridge over the Thames, commonly called London-Bridge. The W hen firfl hall! of Stone. Accidents The modern State of it. Fleet-Bridge. original Foundation whereof, by Report of Ban Iholamew Linfled, alias Parole, lal’t Prior of St. Mary O-verz'er Church, in Santhwar/e, was this _: A Ferry being kept in Place where now the Bridge is built, at length the Ferryman 'and his Wife, ‘ - deceafmg, left the faid Ferry to their only Datigh- firefight?” ter, a Maiden named Mary. Which, With the between its». Goods left by her Parents, as alfo with the Pgo- d,” and mi. .CS quark, The firfl arched Bridge at Stratford Bow.- made by Mali/d, Wife to Hen- ry I. The Timber Bridge. 4W. of Illa/Inef- bury. Canate comes to the Bridge. None refills Earl God-win at the Bridge. Men went dry {hod un der London» Bridge. T. So Lib. Bermond. Henry I. his Charter to Bat/le-flbbey. . London-Bridge. fits filing of the .faid Ferry, built a Houfe of Sif—’ ters, in the Place where now fiandeth the eafi Part of St. Mary Overz'es Church above the Qiire, where {he was buried. Unto the which Houfe {he .gave the Overfight and Profits of the Ferry. But afterwards, the faid Houfe of Sifters being converted into a College of Prief’ts, the Prief’ts built the Bridge of Timber, as all other the great Bridges of this Land were, and from Time to Time kept the fame in good Reparations. Till at length, confidering the great Charges of re- pairing the fame, there was, by Aid of the Citi- zens of London, and others, a Bridge built with Arches of Stone, as fhall be Ihewed. But, Fir/t, Of the Timber Bridge; the Anti; quity thereof being uncertain; yet thus much I remember. to have read (that will fhew it ancient.) That, in the Year of Chrift 994, Sweyn, King of Denmark, befieging the City of London both by Water and by Land, the Citizens manfully de— fended themfelves, and their King Ethelreol. So as Part of their Enemies were flain in Battle, and Part of them were drowned in the River of Thames, becaufe, in their haIty Rage, they took no Heed of the Bridge. Moreover, in the Year 101 6, Cannte the Dane, with a great Navy, came up to London, and on the South of the Thames caufed a Trench to be call: -, through the which his Ships were towed into the weft Side of the Bridge; and then, with a deep Trench and f’traight Siege, he encompaf— fed the City round about. _ Alfo, in the Year 1052, Earl Godwin, with the like Navy, taking his Courfe up the River of Thames, and finding none that offered to refif’c on the Bridge, he failed up by the fouth Side of the faid River. Furthermore, about the Year 1067, William the Conqueror, in his Charter to the Church of St. Peter, at Weflmz'njler, confirmed, to the Monks ferving God there, 3. Gate in London, then called Butolph’s-Gate, with a Wharf, which was at the Head of London-Bridge. We likewife read, that in the Year 1 1 14, the 14th of Henry I, the River of Thames was fo dried up, and fuch Want of Water there, that between the Tower of London and the Bridge, and under the Bridge, not only with Horfe, but alfo a great Number of Men, Women, and Children, did wade over on Foot. ' And in {peaking of this it ought to be taken No- tice, that this River has feveral Times been blown almoit dry, fo that one on the Shore could not fee any Water in it from London—Bridge to Weflmz'nfler, particularly on the 5th of September, 1592, and again on the 14th of September, 1716 5 of the lafi: I was an Eye-witnefs. The Springs being then low, a {trong welter— ly Wind that had blown all that Day, and the preceding Night, prevented the Tide coming in twenty-four Hours, and drove forward the frelh Water with that Fury, that there was only a nar- row Channel in the Middle fcarce ten Yards wide, and fo fhallow, that Thoufands of People paifed over it on F oot.] In the Year 1 122, the 22d of Henry 1, Thomas Arden gave to the Monks ofBermonfey, and the Church of St. George, in Southwark, five Shillings Rent by the Year, out of the Land pertaining to London-Bridge. I have alfo feen a Charter under Seal, to the Effeét following : “ Henry King of England, to Ralph Biihop of Chz'rhe/ter, and all the Minifters of Suflex, fendeth Greeting. Know ye, 6936. I command by my kingly Authority, that the Mannor called flee/- ton, which my Father gave, with other Lands, to the Abbey of Battle, be free and quiet from_ 3 Shires and Hundreds, and all other Cui’toms of earthly Servitude, as my Father held the fame, mof’t freely and quietly -, and, namely, from the Work of London-Bridge, and the Work of the Cattle at Pe'venfey 3 and this I command upon my Forfeiture. Witnefs, I/Vz'llz'am a’e Pontlearehe, at Berry.” The which Charter, with the Seal very fair, remaineth in the Cuf’tody of 7ofeph Holland, Gent. In the Year 1 136, the 1ft of King Stephen, a Fire began in the Houfe of one Aileward, near unto London-fiance, which confumed Eai’c to Ald- . gate, and Weft to St. Er/eenwald’s Shrine in Paul’s Church. The Bridge of Timber over the River 70f Thames was alfo burnt, €56. but afterwards a- gain repaired. F or Fitz~Stephen writeth, that, in the Reigns of King Stephen and of Henry II, when Pai’times were fliewed on the River of Thames, Men flood in great Numbers on the Bridge, Wharfs, and Houfes, to behold. Now, in the Year 1 163, the fame Bridge was not only repaired, but new made of Timber, as before, by Peter of Coleehareh, Priefl and Chap" lain. Thus much for the old Timber Bridge, main- tained partly by the proper Lands thereof, part- ly by the Liberality of divers Perfons, and part— ly by Taxations in divers Shires, as I have proved, for the Space of 21 5 Years, before the Bridge of Stone was built. Now touching the Foundation of the Stone Bridge, it followeth thus : About the Year I 176, the Stone Bridge over the River of Thames, at London, was begun to be founded by the forefaid Peter of Cole-Church, near unto the Bridge of ,Timber, but fomewhat more towards the Weft : ,F or I read, that Botolph Wharf was, in the Con- queror’s Time, at the Head of London-Bridge. The King afiii’ted this Work; a Cardinal then being Legate here : And Richard, Archbiihop of Canterbury, gave one-thoufand Marks towards the Foundation. The Courfe of the River, for the Time, was turned another Way about, by a Trench caft for that Purpofe -, beginning, as is fuppofed, Eaf’t about ‘Rotherhz'th, and ending in the Weft about Patric/«fey, now termed Batterfea. This Work, to wit, the Arches, Chapel, and Stone Bridge over the Thames at London, having been thirty-three Years in Building, was, in the Year 1209, finifhed by the worthy Merchants of London, Serle Mercer, William Almaine, and Bene- dz'tt Botewrite, principal Matters of that Work; For Peter of Cole-Church deceafed four Years be- fore the Work was finifhed; and was buried in the Chapel built on the fame Bridge, in the Year 1205. .' ' It is much controverted whether the River Thames was turned, when the Bridge over it was built, and whether the River was more fubjeft to overflow its Banks anciently, than at prefent ; and, from all that hath been feen and written on the Turning of the River, it feems very evident to me, that it was turned while the Bridge was building, and that it is more fubjeét to overflow its Banks now, than it was formerly 3 for the Channel of the River mufl: have been deeper than it is now, or the Palace of Weflmz'n/ler would ne- ver have been built where the Hall and the reft of its Remains are now fituated : Is it to be fup- pofed that any Prince would have built a Palace where the lower Rooms were liable to be over- flowed at a Spring-tide, as we fee the Hall has been feveral Times of late Years, and the Law- yers brought out on Porters Backs ? The Reafon whereof is, that the Sands have raifed the Chan- nel, and, confequently, the Tides muft rife higher in Proportion, than they did formerly -, and, un- lcfs fome Care is taken to cleanfe the River, the Build‘ Book I. To be free from the Work of Lam. don-Bridge. Lib. Bermnd. Lib. Trier. Anna 1 [36. London-Bridge burnt, being then of Tim- ber. London-Bridge of Timber new built. London-Bridge of Stone founded. Lib. W a‘ver- by. London-Bridge 33 Years in building with. Stone. Thames. T. S. Chap. x111. Buildings on the fame Level with the Floor of Weflmz'nfier-Hall, will not be habitable much “ longer, as the Sand and Oufe are {till daily in-. ‘ ; creafing, and choaking up the Bed of the Ri—’ ver.] . » King yohn’, in the 7th Year of his Reign, gWg-g’f'dge which was in the Year 1205, granted the Cuito- Rift. glam?“ dy’ of London-Bridge, which was in the Mayor of £705. c, 19, London, to Friar Weft] ' (fig film’s » King‘ 7ohn gave certain "void Places in London '_1 t. Culiody of the Charges of Building and Repairing of the fame Bridge. A Mafon, being Mai’ter Workman of the Bridge, built, from the Foundation, the Chapel on the large Chapel on that Bridge, of his own proper Bffgéfnthe Charges; which Chapel was then endowed for ca ‘ 3' two Prief’ts, four Clarks, 59%. befides Chanteries, fince founded for 701m Hatfield, and others : So that, in the 2 3d Year of Henry VI, there were four Chaplains in the faid Chapel. After the F inifhing of this Chapel, which was the firft Building up— Gifts given to on thofe Arches, fundry Houfes, at Times, were fifg’ii’ 21g“ ereéted : And many charitable Men gave Lands, noted for Pof- Tenements, or Sums of Money towards the Main- terity in the tenance thereof : All which was fometimes noted, Chapel- and in a Table fair written for Poiterity, remain— ing in the Chapel, till the fame Chapel was turn— The Chapel ed to a Dwelling—houfe, and then removed to the fumed,” a Bridge-Houfe. The Elfeé‘t of which Table I Egg“? was willing to have publiihed in this Book, if I could have obtained the Sight thereof : But, ma— king the ihorter Work, I find, by the Account of IVz'llz'am Alariner and Chrijlopher Elliot, Wardens of London-Bridge, from 'Mehaelmas, the 22d of 4 Henry the Seventh, until [Michaelmas next enfuing, by one whole Year,‘ that all the Payments and Allowances came to 8151. 17 s. 2 d. oh. as there 'is fhewed by Particulars. By which Account then made, may be partly gueii'ed the great Charges and Difcharges of that Bridge at this Day, when Things be ftretched to f0 great a Price. One Parcel of the Revenues of London-Bridge, is a large Qiantity of Ground, very improve- able, fituate at Eglz'nfgate, in the Parilh of St.‘ 0- lave’s, Sonthwar/e, near the Thames; which was offered publickly to be let by Leafe in Illa}, I 706, by the Committee of Bridge-Houfe Lands : And all that would bid for the fame, were defired to deliver their Propofals in Writing, fealed up, to the Clerk Comptroller of the faid Revenues, at the public Compting-Houfe at the Bridge-Houfe. This Bridge, within lefs than feventy Years Now, for the declaring what was done for the Main- tenance and Reparation of it, I find they made ufe of two Ways: One was, by colleéting well difpofed People’s Alms throughout the Kingdom : And the other, by laying certain Cui’coms and Taxes upon the Goods and Provifions, that were brought either by Water, or over the Bridge on- ly, or which Way foever elfe, into the City, there to be fold. Thus 9 Edward I, Anne 1280, Lon- don—Bridge was in a ruinous Condition ; and Li- cenfe was granted by the King, which the Bridge- Keepers had the Managing of, de colligend. pn’s devotornm thfldz'ls per totnm Regnum ', z'. e. for ga- thering the godly Aids of devout People through— out the Kingdom ; pro Reparatione ginfa’. gaod mi— natnr rnlnam; i. e. for Repair of London—Bridge, that threateneth Ruin. There are very elfeétual Letters Patents of the faid King Edward I. extant in the Tower Records, exciting all his People to this Work of Charity, to this Tenor : Rex omnih. Ballz'vz‘s, {9° Fldelz'hns fair, ad gem, &c. Salatem. Dolentlhns nohis, See. That is, ‘ The King, to all his Bailifics, and liege Sub— NUMB. VI. Bridge-houfe Ground at Eglz'n/gate. 7. 3. Means for the. I)???“ “the after its firfl: F iniihing, became ruinous. n g3. :7. 5. Pat. 9. E. I. m. 27. King Ed- rward I. his Letters to ex- cite to a Con- tribution to London Bridge. to build on, the Profits thereof to remain towards ' LondOn-Brid‘ge a . K t , , , I . _ _. ‘ . Jeé‘ts, to whom thefe Pref 't ‘ ' ‘* e . ‘ Greeting. en 5 ihdll come, ‘ It hath been lately notified to us, and ‘ ‘4‘ ed us, griev ‘_ that London-Bridge is in lo ruinous a ‘ Condition ; to the Repair of which, unlefs ‘ fpeedy Remedy be put, nor only the fudden Fall ‘ of the Bridge, but alfo the Deitruétlon of innu- ‘ merable People dwelling on it, may fud‘denly ‘ be feared : And that the Wbrk which may now ‘ be helped by fome before it fall, may, fOr Want? ‘ of Aid, 'come to the ExPence of a Damage not ‘ to be repaired. Wherefore We, who are bound ‘ to take Care of, and mere gently to provide for ‘ both the public and the private Commodities, ‘ and with Affection to embrace thofe‘, whom We ‘ perceive to depend upon fuch Benefits, and ‘ them to defend with Royal Safeguard: We ‘ command-and require you, That, when the ‘ Keepers of the faid coitly Work of the Bridge ‘ aforefaid, or their Meffengers, ihall happen to ‘ Come to you, being a 'lhing We take into‘ ‘ our efpecial Proteé‘tion and Defence, to col-' ‘ leét, every—where throughout our Realm, Aids ‘ to the faid Work from pious Devotion, friend-4 ‘ 1y to admit them at the Contemplation of God, ‘ and in Regard of Charity, and for Shew of ‘ DevotiOn on this Behalf: NOt bringing on ‘ them, or permitting to be brought, Wrongs, ‘ Moleflzations, Lofs, Hinderan‘ce, or Grievance. ‘ And, if any Damage be done them, ye make ‘ them Amends without Delay. And when ye‘ ‘ {hall be required by the prefent Keepers, or ‘ their Meffengers, to keep the Reparation of the ‘ faid Bridge, ye will humbly contribute fome- ‘ what of your Goods to the faid Work, accord-'1 ‘ ing to your Abilities. And let each of you en-t ‘ deavour to out-run the Other in fuch great ‘ Works of Charity; for which ye mui’t needs ‘ merit from God, and gain Thanks of Us. In' ‘ Witnefs whereof, Cs’e. Witnefs the King at Wal—l ‘ fingham, the 8th Day of :7anuary.’ And there were other Letters Patents to Arch- Biihops, Bilhpps, Abbots, Priors, Reétors,and all other Minifters of Holy Mother-Church ;‘ commanding them, That when the Keepers of that coitly Work of the Bridge aforefaid, or their Mefl'engers, whom the King took into his fpecial Proteétion, {hould come to gather, every~where through their Diocefe, Reétories, {9%. or any their Jurifdiftions, for the faid Work, the pious Aids 59 of the Devout, to admit them in the Contempla- ‘ tion of God, {9%. And to permit them to excite the People there with pious Perfuafions, and chat-5 ritably to call for the Helps of their Alms, to re— pair the forefaid Bridge. And becaufe thefe voluntary Alms and chaa‘ ritable Benevolences were not like to bring in the whole Charge of the Bufinefs, therefore the next Year, viz. IO Edward I, Anna 1281, the fame King iifued out other Letters Patents, for taking. Cufioms of all Commodities for the fame in Lon~ don, and that for a certain Term of Years, Which ran to this Tenor : Rex Majorz' fno London, fnhltnm, &c. ‘ When lately, by ReafOn of the fudden Ruin of London—Bridge, We commanded, That, afl'o- ciating to you Two or Three of the d_1fcreeter and more loyal Men of the forefaid City, ye lhould take, until our Parliament after Ea/ler nex‘t paft, for the Supply of the Reparation of the forefaid Bridge, a certain Cui‘tom, as in thefc Letters Patents, which We have caufed to be made from that Time to you, more fully 15_ contained : We, willing that the Taking of fuch Cuit‘om be continued longer, command yOU', That, from the F eal’t of St. Margaret the C um nnper propter nannoano “B" Cuilor'ns to he taken for the Reparation. Virgin Further Cu- flom for this Work. The (been has the Cul’to- dy of the Bridge. Lands given for the Bridge. Cuflody of the Bridge. , London-Bridge . ‘ Virgin next coming, unto the End of three “Years next following compleated,’ ye take the ‘. underwritten Cui’tom 0f the aforefaid Bridge : ‘ Towit, of every Man on Foot, bringing Mer- ‘i chandife, or other Things faleable, and pafling. ‘i ever the faid Bridge, and betak'ing himfelf to ‘ Other Parts, One Farthing: Of every Horfe— fman pafling that Bridge, and betaking himfelf ”to other Parts, 'as beforefaid, .with Merchan~ .' dife, or other faleable Things, one Penny : ’Of f'every faleable Pack, carried and. pafling over «the Bridge, one Halfpenny. Nor will We, in. :the mean Time, that any Thing be taken ‘there on this Occafion, but in the Subfidy of the Reparation'Of the Bridge. But, the Term of three Years being compleated, let the aforefaid Cuf’tom ceafe and "be void, Es’e. Witnefs the King at Ciao/fer, the 6th Day of 7115!? ' ,a‘gn_n‘anqna.nn,k 1' ‘Yet again, in the fame tenth Year of Edward I, the King fent to the Mayor, with two or; three of the difcreeter and more loyal Citi-. Zens joined with him, to lay a Cuf’tom during the fame'Term, for the Reparation of the Bridge, upon every Man that paffed the T bames on ei- ther Side of the Bridge, from London to South- ware, and from Soar/awarle to London, one Far- thing: And of every Horfe f0 paliing, a Penny; and of every Pack fo pafling thereon, one Halfpenny. " The like Impolitions and Cufioms were conti- (sued for the Repairing of this Bridge, in the 27th and goth of this King Edward I. _ ’Likewife in the 14th of Edward II, Anna 1320,, there was Need again of Letters Patents for ga-. th'ering Aims and Aids, as before, for the Repa- ra‘tion of the Bridge : And Mefi‘en‘gers were fent. into all Parts of England fer that Purpofe. And the King alfo fent his Letters to the Archbilhops and‘BiIhops, and other Minifters of the Church, a}; before. "Add" alfo thefe Matters colleéted from Records, concerning this Bridge. ' ' ‘ King Henry III, in the 54th Year of his Reign, ifnno‘1269, granted the Cui‘tody of the Bridge to the 'Opeen his Confort, with the Liberties, and all other Things belonging thereunto, for the Term of fix Years. ' Certain Pieces of Ground near Woleberelo Were granted by Edward ‘I. for the aforefaid Bridge. Edward III. granted the Mayor and City a cer-' tain‘Place, or Piece of Ground near‘ the Houfe of Friars Minors, [21 e. Grey Friars] for the Repara- tion of the Bridge: Which thofe Friars, 42d of Edward III, laboured to be granted to them, as it feems, for the Enlargement of their Monai’tery : As the Religious in and about London, in this Reign, much enlarged their Houfes with the neighbouring Lands. A Tenement in the Parifh of xii/gallows in Honey-lane, bequeathed by Roger Eflizx, for the Ufe of London-Bridge, in King Ed- ward Ii’t’s Reign. It is taken Notice of on fome Occafion, in the 46th of Edward III, perhaps to confirm it. The Jurats of one of the Wards -of London, in ‘ the Inquifition taken by the Judges Itinerants at the Tower, in the Reign of King Edward 1, pre- fented, That the CuI’tody of the Bridge, and the Soke thereof, was in the Qieen’s Hands; they knew not goo Warranto, z'. e. by what Warrant : Cum Soene ejnfdem de antique, Es’e. When the Soke thereof anciently was in the Hands of the Mayor, and Commonalty of the City, which was then in the Hands of the King’s Mother, from the Time of the Battle of Ewe/loam, to that Time. ' This was the fortunate Battle fought by King Henry III, when he beat SimonMontfort, Earl of Leiee/ier, and the Barons. And then the City, which held with them, prefently felt it, by having this Bridge, and the Liberty of it, wrefied from 3 . Book ‘1. them. They prefented alfo, that-the Bridge was not well kept. This was the Matter of another Prefentment, in the fame ’King Edward IIt’s Time: Wherein they prefented, That London-Bridge was always wont to be in the Hands of the Citizens, but now it was not Io. Er nefeiant qno Warranto. The King had now feized the Liberties of the City into his Hands : Yet the Citizens feem by thofe Words to f’tand upon their Rights and Privileges. The Jurats alfo of another Ward in London made the fame Prefentment to the Judges Itine- rants, then fitting at the Tower, in thefe Words: Dicnnt, quod Cn/fodr'a Pontis, Ede. ‘ They fay, ‘ That the Cui’tody of the Bridge of London ‘ which is wont to belong to the City, is alie- ‘ nated by the Lady Qieen-Mother of Edward ‘ our King ; and the Keepers of the [aid Bridge, ‘ appointed by the faid Lady Qleen, param ap~ ‘ ponunt in Emendatione £9” Sufientatz'ene, Ede. lay ‘ out but little in .the Amending and Sufiaining. ‘ of the {aid Bridge. Whence Danger, which ‘ God forbid, may lightly arife very. much to the ‘ Damage of the King, and of the .City.’ . The Rents and Revenues of the Bridge, and the Duties and Cuf’toms belonging to it, were, no @efiion, "very confiderable. But all now came. to the (been ; and Ihe fubitituted under her other Keepers, which the City ufed to do. And thefe Men made the belt of their Time, by makin '. what Gains they could, to the great Negleft 9%, the necefi‘ary Repairs of the Bridge. This the City complained of, and refented.] ‘ , I find thefe Gifts, by ill, towards the Repairs: Gifts to the of London-Bridge. ' h 4 ' ‘ ' RePai¥5°f 701m Feekenbam, Civis {9° Braeiator, by his Will the Bridge’ dated May 1 I, 14.36, bequeathed, to the Mayor London- an’d Com'rnonalty of ‘ the City of London, a Te- Bride!- nement, with a Shop and Garden, in the Parifh Ree/MM- of St. Angst/tin Pappey, between the Tenement and Lands of the Bridge of the City of London, on the Eai‘t, Ede. To have to the Mayor and Com-i monalty of London, ad Ufnm £9" Snflentalionem- Operis Pontis proedz‘fl. in perpetnum. ”On Condi—I . tion, that the Chaplains of the Chapel of St. Tbo- St. Tbomas’s mas‘tbe Martyr, on the Bridge", celebrating, have ChaPelbfi his Soul, and alfo the Souls of the late Lord the Budg“ Richard II, King of England, Edward Boteler, Kt. and the Lady Anne his Wife, Rickard Storme, and Alice his Wife, and the Soul of 70:17:, his [the faid Fee/eenbam’s] Wife, perpetually recommended in. their Prayers. ’ And 70% Edwards, by his Will, dated the 8th Landau." of November, 1442, gave to yobn Hatberle, Mayor fir’dge- d‘ . of the City of London, and to 7m Her/2 and Tea; W10” . mas Cook, Mafiers of the Work of the Bridge of London, for ever, his Tenement, With a Garden, in the Parifh of St. Botolplo Aldgate; fituate be? tween the Tenement lately _‘7obn Cornwallys’s, on the South, Ede. and extends from the King’s Street leading from flidgate towards the Tower, on the Welt, Ede. towards the Sufiaining and Reparation of the faid Bridge] ' And now to Aflions on this Bridge. The firl’t Aélion on this Bridge, to be noted, Aé’tions on was-lamentable: For, within four Years after the $753” b Finifhing thereof, to wit, in the Year 1212, on'ngefifm e the 10th of j’nly, at Night, a marvellous terrible Chance happened. For the Borough of South- wark, upon the fouth Side of the River of Thames, as alfo the Church of our Lady of the Canons there, being on Fire, and an exceeding great Multitude of People pafling the Bridge, either to extinguifh and qUench’ it, or elfe to gaze and behold it; fud- denly the north Part, byBlowing of the fouth' Lz‘derpgnmou. Wind, was 'alfo fet on Fire; and'the People which 61,127. Comm. were even now pafling the Bridge, perceiving the Zfiz‘emm fame, would have returned, but were {topped by Bridge We the Fire: And it came to pafs, that, as they fiay- rifhed byFire. Cd, ' Chap. XIII. ed, or protraéted the Time, the other End of the Bridge alfo,‘ namely, the fouth End, was fired; In that the People, thronging themfelves between the two Fires, did nothing elfe but ex- peél: prefent Death. Then there came to aid them many Ships and Vefl‘els, into which the Multitude f0 unadvifedly ruihed, that, the Ships being there- by drowned, they all'perilhed. It was faid, that, through the Fire and Shipwreck, there were de- firoyed above three thoufand Perfons, whofe Bo- dies were found in Part, or half burned, befides thofe that were wholly burnt to Afhes, and could not be found. ' About the Year one Thoufand two Hundred ofLomlon- eighty-two, through a great F roll: and deep Snow, Egg“ b°m° five Arches of London-Bridge were borne clown, ' and carried away. ‘ . In the Year 1289, the Bridge was fo fore de— Cayed fur Want of Reparations, that Men were Patent the afraid to pafs thereon , and a Subfidy was grant- 14thofEd. II. ed towards the Amendment thereof. Sir 70/912 Bri- tain being Cujto: of London, dnno 1381, a great Collec'tion or Gathering was made, of all Arch- bilhops, Biihops, and other Ecclefial’tical Perfons, for the Reparations of London-Bridge. Five Arches The Bridge repaired. Wat Tyler an, , The fame Year, Wat. Tyler, and other Rebels ters by this Of Kent, A by this Bridge, entered the City ', as ye Bridge- may read in my Summary and Annals. , A Jufiing on ' In the Year _ 139 5, on St. George’s Day, was a London. great Jul’ting on London-Bridge, betwixt David Bridge Earl of Craford, of Scotland, and the Lord Well: of England : In the which the Lord Wells was, at the third Courfe, borne out of the Saddle ': Which Hillary ‘proveth, that at that Time the Bridge, being coaped on either Side, was not re- plenifhed with Houfes built thereupon, as lince it hath been, and now is. Nine Perfons The next Year, on the 13th, of Novemher, the crowded to young QJeen Ifahel, commonly called T he Little, 2:21;?“ for {he was bu: eight Years old, was conveyed Bragg from Kennington, befide Lamheth, through South- toark, to the Tower of London 5 and fuch a Mul- ' titude of People went out to fee her, that, on London-Bridge, nine Perfons were crowded to Death -, of whom the Prior of z'ptre, a Place in Ef- fl’x, Was one, and a Matron in ornhz'll was another. Tower on The Tower on London-Bridge, at thenorth End London- of the Draw-bridge, for that Bridge was then rea- B’i‘lg" built' dily to be drawn’up, as well to give Pafl'age for Ships to Qaeenhithe, as for the Refil’tance of any foreign Force, was begun to be built in the Year 1426, 70hn Reinwell being Mayor. Another Tower there is on the faid Bridge, over the Gate, at the fouth End towards Soathwark; whereof in another Place {hall be fpoken. 7m Canteen- In the Year 1450, 7ac/e Cade, and other Re- tered the City bels of Kent, by this Brid e entered the City ; he bytheB'idge' firake his Sword on Lon on-Stone, and faid him— felf then to be Lord. of the City ; but they were, by the Citizens, overcome on the fame Bridge, and put to Flight, as in my Annals. Bang,“ F“"“' In the Year 147 1, ‘I homar, the Ballard, Faweon- ‘ffgéggdfife’ bridge befieged this Bridge, burned the Gate, and Bridge. all the Houfes to the Draw-bridge, being, at that Time, Thirteen in Number. Ali Home on In the Year 1481, an Houfe called 9‘ he Common the Bridge Stage on London-Bridge, fell down into the ‘Ihamer, fell d°W“‘ through the Fall whereof five Men were drowned. Sir Thomas In the Year 1 5 5 3, the 3d of Fehraary, Sir Tho- WJ’at layin mas Wyat and the Kenti/h Men marched from gut/Eng”, at Deptford towards London, after Knowledge where- Foam“ ge‘ of, forthwith the Draw-bridge was cut down, and The Draw. the Bridge-Gates fliut. PVyat and his People en- bridge wt. tered Soathwar/e, where they lay till- the 6th of d°wn' Fehraary, but he could get no Entry of the City by the Bridge, the fame was then f0 well defend- ed by the Citizens, the Lord W'. Howard aflil‘ting; wherefore he removed towards King/ion, 6.5%. as in my Annals. London-Bridge. _Aecz'dentr on the Bridge. To conclude, Iaflirm of this B ' - - . faid River of Thames, as in otherrh‘igeDchefigltlie- ons, that it is a Work very rare; havin with the Draw-bridge, twenty Arches made of duare'd Stone, of Height, fiXty Feet, and, in Breadth thirty Feet, diliant one from another twenty Feet: compaét and Joined together with Vaults and Cel- lars. . Upon both Sides are Houfes built g {0 that It feemeth rather a continual Street than a Bridge. For the continual Fortifying whereof agamfi the incefl'ant Alfaults of the River, it hath Overfeers and Officers, viz. Wardens, as afore- faid, and others. This Bridge, with a Chapel on the cafe Side, and a Gate on the fouth End, being thus built all of Stone, as aforefaid, and Houfes of Timber o- ver the Stone Piers and Arches on both Sides thereof ; yet there were, and ftill are, in the whole Length of the Bridge, three Vacancies, with Stone Walls and Iron Grates over them, on either Side oppofite to each other; through which Grates, Pe0ple, as they pafs over the Bridge, may takea View of the River both Ball: and Weft; and alfo may go afide more to each Side out of the Way of Carts and Coaches, the Palfage being but nar- row, and not only troublefome but dangerous. Thefe three Vacancies are over Three of the mid- dle Arches, for all the Piers are not of a like Thieknefs, nor fiand at equal Dif’tance one from the. other; for thofe under thefe three Vacancies are much wider than the raft, and are called the navigable Locks; becaufe Veflels of confiderable Burthen may pafs through them. One of thefei-s near unto the Gate, and is called the Rock Lee/e. The Second is under the fecond Vacancy, where the Draw-bridge anciently was, and is called the Draw-bridge Lock. And the Third is near the Chapel, and is called St. Mary’s Lock. There is a Fourth between St. Magnar Church and-the firf’c Vacancy, and is called the King’s Lock, for that the King in his Paffage through Bridge in his Barge goes through this Lock. And in this Condition was the Bridge, until the Year 1632. At the latter End 0 which Year, viz. on the 1 3 th Day of Fehraary, between Eleven and Twelve at Night, there happened, in the Houfe of one Briggs, a Needlemaker near St. Magnar Church, at the north End of the Bridge, by the CareleflL nefs of. a Maid—fervant, fetting a Tub of hot Seacoal Allies under a Pair of Stairs, a fad and lamentable Fire, which confumed all the Build< ings before Eight of the Clock the next Morn-7 ing, from the north End of the Bridge, to the firl’t Vacancy on both Sides, containing forty-two Houfes; Water then being very fearce, the Thames being almoi’t frozen over. Beneath, in the Vaults and Cellars, the Fire remained glowing and burn- ing a whole Week after.] After which Fire, this north End of the Bridge lay unbuilt for many Years, only Deal-board‘s were fet Up on both Sides, to prevent People’s Falling into the Thames 5 many of which Deals were, by high Winds, oft blown down, which made it very dangerous in the Nights, although there were Lanthorns and Candles hung upon all the crofs Beams that held the Pails together. 7 But, about the Year 1645, the north End of this Part lafi; burnt began to be rebuilt; and, in the Year 1646, was finifhed : The Building was of Timber, very fubf’tantial and beautiful; for the Houfes were three Stories high, befides the Cellars, which were within and between the Piers. forms, them verygcommodious, ing, and enjoying fo fine a Profpeé‘t up and down the River; and fome had pretty little- Gm with Arbours. - < This Half being thus finifhed, the otherlgilf l d d with‘ Rails and Ballaf’cers about ea c and pleafant for Walk.- 61, This Bridge, a Work very rare, defer-ib- e . R' BO Three Va- cancies on the Bridge. Three navi - gable Locks. Roth Loch. Draw-hridge Loch. St. Mary’s Loch. King‘s Loch. Anna 1632. A third Part of the Bridge burnt. Partly rebuilt, t 646. And over the Houfes were fiately Plat. , 62. The other ‘ Part remaim ed unbuilt. Burnt again, - alum: 5066. The mod ern State of this Bridge. The north End of the Arches re- paired. North End of the Bridge new built. Method for building the Bridge after the Fire. The fouth Part built. ‘ ,,,,, London-Bridge. The. Archer. Was intended to be rebuilt anfwerable to this, which would have been a great Glory to the Bridge, and Honour to the City, the Street or Paffage being 20 Feet broad ; whereas the other Part at the fouth End was not above 14’, and in fome Places but 12. ' And in this Condition was Landon-Bridge until ' the Year 1666, being the general Conflagration of London, on the 2d of Septem‘her, 1666, which continued burning the 3d and 4th Days, and tlfen were all the new Buildings confumed. But the old Ones at the fouth End, fome of which were built in the Reign of King 70h”, were not burnt. ' - Thus have we had an Account of this Bridge from its firft Building'of Timber; when it be- gan to be built’ of Stone, which was in the Year 1176, unto the Year 1666, which is 490 Years. I {hall now give you a View of this Bridge as to its prefent Condition, flmzo 1700. God grant it may long f0 continue, being a Pile of fuch .Building as cannot be parallelled upon any Bridge in the World. Firft then, by Reafon ofthe Fire in 1666, the Fall of the Buildings on the north End, together with the Violence of the Fire, did' f0 batter and weaken the Stone VVOrk upon which they ftood, that the Repairing the StOne Piers and Arches, before they could be made l’crong enough to build upon, did amount to above 1500 l. All which was paid out of the Bridge Rents. The Reparations of the Stone Work being fi- nifhed, divers Perfons did take Leafes of f0 ma~ ny Feet in Front on both Sides of the Bridge to build upon at IO 5. at Foot; and to build there- on after fuch a Form, and fubitantial Manner, as was prefcribed, and is now built for the Term of 61 Years. And, by this Means, all the north End was, in‘ the Space of five Years, or there- abouts, built four Stories high; the Street, or Pafiage, being 20 Feet broad. This north' End being thus finifhed, it was high Time to confider of an Expedient to make the fouth End anfwerable to the North ; for all the old Buildings were out in Leafes in feveral Hands, fome having more, and fome fewer Years to come, and fome were quite out. And how to bring this to an equal Ballance, that all Perfons might have Right done them, was the Bufinefs to be taken into Confideration -, which the Lord Mayor, Aldermen, and Commoners, that were appointed for the Letting of the City and Bridge-Houfe Lands, together with the Af— frf’tance of Mr. Philip Odde, then Clerk Comp- troller of the Bridge-Houfe, did, in a few Months, bring to an IlTue by thefe Means following. F irfi', they caufed to be meafured, how many Feet every Proprietor had in Front of his Houfe. Secondly, What annual Rent he paid to the Bridge-Houfe. And, thirdly, What Number of Years of his Leafe were unexpired. The next Rank were Of thofe whole Leafes were expired. The third fuch as were near expired. Thefe they purchafed at a valuable Confideration of the Tenants, who were not able to build. And, for fuch-as had a longer Time, they, in Confidera— tiOn thereof, added a competent Time to what they had to come of their old Leafes, with an Abatement of ' Rent, anlwerable' to, what the Houfe or Houfes would colt the Rebuilding, iwhich'was to be in the fame Form of Building as the north End was then done : The City be- ing at the Charges of repairing and making good 'the Stone Work, fit for the new Buildings -, which Reparations wit the City near 1000 l. more. And, by this Means,“ the fouth End was, in four or five Years, new built, in all Refpeéts, . panfwerable to the North; fo that now it is the molt ltat‘ely Bridge in‘the 1whole World, all 4 Things eo.nfidered-, its Houfes, Inhabitants, and their Trade, in the firi’t Place, to be confidered. And therefore mof’t juitly deferves this following ‘Encomium : D E PONTE LONDINENSI Ejafqae -,- - Stapemlo fllu {9’ flrafiurd, ad inflar Celehrz'r Hexafllehz' Poem” SANNAZ ARII, De urhe Veneta Viderat Hadrian's, &c. Cum Loneliaenfem Neptunu: viderat Urbem, Veétus ibi propriis atque reveétus aquis; ‘ Dum denfam penetrat Sylvam Lucofque ferentes, Pro ramis funes, pro foliifque cruces; Cum fuper impolitum TOrrenti flumine Pontem Viderat, & rapido ponere jura freto; Cum tantos muros, ferrumina, caftra, tot Arcus Vidit, 8c haec tergo cunéta jacere fuo ; Arcus, qui pollent totidem formare Rialtos Metiri fiquis fumma vel ima-cupit : Haze Deus undarum afpiciens fluxufque retrorfum Tundere 8c horrendos inde boare Sonos; Nunc mihi quanta velis, T errae miracula pandas, Eft primus mundi Pons, ait, ii’te Ptupor. T he fame paraphrafed in Englilh hy James Howell, Efqazre. . “ When Neptune from his Billows London fpy’d, “ Brought proudly thither bya high fpring Tide, As though a floating Wood he fieer’d along, And dancing Caftles clufter’d in a Throng -, ‘ When he beheld a mighty Bridge give Law Unto his Surges, and their Fury awe ; ' When fuch a Shelf of Cataracts did roar, As if the Thames with Nile had chang’d her [Shore i When he fuch mafi'y Walls, fuch Towers did eye, 6 l" ‘6 “ ‘ a (C ‘ a ‘K 6‘ 6‘ When fuchvalt Arches he obferv’d that might Nineteen Rialtos make for Depth and Height; When the Cerulean "God thefe Things furvey’d, He fhook his Trident, and aftonifh’d faid, Let the whole Earth now all the Wonders [count, This Bridge of Wonders is the Paramount.”] CC CC ‘6 Suth Pof’ts, fuch Irons upon his Back to lie ; ' Book I. The Arches of this Bridge ferve not only for The Arches. Strength and Ornament to the Bridge itfelf, but alfo for Communication of the Benefits of the, River Thames, to all that lie on its Banks from Whflminfler, and upwards, unto thofe Parts of .it where it falls into the Sea. For through thefe great Arches VeiTels of confiderable Burthen pafs with Goods, as well as {mall Wherries with Pal1 fengers. Other Ufes were made of thefe. Arches, as for Conveyance'of Thames Water into the City, to fupply the fouthern Parts, and for Mills for grinding Corn. Of which laft Ufe, I find there were, in ueen Elzfaheth’s Reign, certain Mills ereé‘ted for that Purpofe, under or near Lamina- Bridge, by Order of the Magiitrates of the City. To which, as foon as they were fet up, fome Ex- ception was taken, and Complaint made, as it feems, to the Court; as that they might prove injurious to the Bridge or to the River. But it was fhewn, that the Bridge could take no Harm by thefe Works. And it was provided for by this Means, that the Water had, or fhould have its full Courfe through the Arches, and that that Part of the Mill which Ihould fiend nearefi; unto the {tone Work of the Bridge fliould be twelve Feet off from any Part of the Bridge. And, becaufe the City lhould have a fpecial Care for the Prefervation of the River, before the Work was taken in Hand, there was good Con- fultation The Ufes of them. 3'. 5. Mills for Corn created here. Chap. The Benefit thereof. XIII. fultation had touching this Point by the Magi- Itrates, who called unto them divers grave and expert Men in Water-works, that took a care- ful View and Confideration of the Whole Work, and found the fame nothing hurtful to the Bridge nor the River. And, for further Trial, there were alfo certain wife and difcreet Perfons, viz. the Mafier of the Requefts, Mr. Fan/haw, and others, appointed as Commiflioners, to make En- quiry, whether the fame might be hurtful to the Bridge or no ; who, calling before them the Mail ters of the T rirzz'ty—Hoafe, and the eight Malters of the Watermen, with others of beft Experis ence in thefe Matters, found the fame to be no— thing hurtful to the Bridge nor River in any Re— fp‘eét ; and fo made their Report. The Profit of thefe Mills was, that whereas, in Time of Dearth, the common People could not have any Corn ground under four, five, or fix . Pence the Bufhel, and many Times could not have it ground at all in along Space, by Means whereof, People were confirained to, buy Meal in the Market at fuch Prices as the Seller him- felf would, this would be remedied by the Ufe of thefe Mills. Alfo the Badgers, or Meal—fel— ' lers, enhanced the PriCes as they lifted; which Two Arches employed for the Water- Mills. A Rock un- der one Arch. Draw-bridge. Fleet-Bridge. could not be remedied, but by good Provifion of Corn made by the Citizens, and fold in the Market, as Experience had fhewed. 7 The two Arches next London are now flopped up for the Ufe of the Water-Mills, but without any Prejudice to the Current of the Thames. The third Arch, on Southjwarle Side, is feldom and very rarely palfed through, becaufe of a Rock grown there a little to the Eaf’t, which is vifible at low Water. This Rock hath been ob— ferved this many a Year ; therefore, this Arch is called The Rack Lock. Two of thefe Arches are much larger than the reft; viz. That over which is the Draw—Bridge; and the other called The Simile Lac/e. Thefe were for the Ufe of greater Vefl'els, that went through Bridge, weft- ward. The Draw-Bridge formerly was, upon fuch Occafions, taken up; but now-a-days ne- ver, but when it wants repairing. The Repa-‘ ration ‘of thefe Arches, and the Striking down Piles for fecuring them, is continual, and Men are kept on Purpofe to take care of it, and to do it. Whereof they have two Maf’ter-work— men, viz. a Head-Carpenter, whofe Name is Wit/e, if he be yet living; and a Head-Mafon, whofe. OHice it is to look after the Bridge, un- der the Bridge-Matters] Of other Bridges in this City. In old Time there were divers Bridges over feveral Rivers, Boorns, and Brooks, which ran through feveral Streets and Places of this City; of which fome are yet remaining; but the mofl: taken down, when the River or Brook was I’top- ped up. Fleet-Bridge, in the Welt, without Luelgate: A Bridge of Stone fair coped on either Side with Iron Pikes : On the Weft toward the South, are alfo certain Lanthorns of Stone, for Lights to be. placed in \Ninter Evenings for Commodity of Travellers. Under this Bridge runneth a Wa— ter called, as I have faid, The River of the Wells, fince Taramz'll—Broeh, now Fleet-Dike, becaufe it runneth by the Fleet, and fometimes about the Fleet, and f0 under Fleet~Bridge into the River of Thames. This Bridge was far greater in Times The Bridges of Londdn. Other Bridges. paft, but hath been lefi'ened, as the \Vater-courfe hath been narrowed. Since the Rebuildin of London, it a cars a fair Stone Bridge, being the Breadth of till? Street for the Conveniencylof Coaches and Carts; and contrived alfo for the fafe Palhng of thofe that walk on Foot, it being f0 great a Thoroughfare. The Sides are raifed above Breal’t high, and there- on the City Arms engraven with their Support- ers. Under this Bridge goes the Canal, as it is new called, as far as HolhormBrz'dge, where a lit- tle Water called Turamill-Broalt falleth in, and emptieth itfelf into the Thames. On this fair Ca- nal fiand two other Bridges of F ree—i’tone, On each Hand of Fleet-Bridge, with a comely high Aroh, that VelTels may pafs under, being afcenda ed by feveral Stone Steps : One of thefe Bridges being oppofite to Bridewell, and the other to Fleet- Lane, near the Fleet—Prefoaj It feemeth, this lal‘t Bridge to haVe been made or repaired at the Charges offfoha Wells, Mayor, in the Year 1431 -, for on the Coping was en- graved Wells embraced by Angels, like as on the Standard in Cheap, which he alfo built. . Thus much of the Bridge ; for, of the Water-Courfe and Decay thereof, I have fpoken in another Place. Oldhorne-Bridge, over the faid River of the Wells, more towards the North, was fo called, of a Bearae, that fometimes ran down Oldherne~Hlll into the faid River. This Bridge of Stone, like as Fleet-Bridge, from Ludgate, weft, ferveth for Pafi‘engers, with Carriage or otherwife, from Newgate toward the Well: and by North. Cow-Bridge, more north over the fame Water, by Cow—Bridge-Street, or Cow-Lane -, this Bridge being lately decayed, another of Timber is made fomewhat more north, by Chick-Lane, Ge. Bridges over the T own-Ditch there are divers 2 to wit, without flldgate, withouth‘jhapfgate; the Poltern called Mooregate; the Poftern of Cripple— gate, without flla’erfgate; the Poftern of Chrt/t’s Hofpz'tal, Newgaty, and Lttdgate, all thefe are 0‘ verpaved level with the Streets. But one other there is of Timber over the River of Wells, or Fleet-Dike, between the Precinct of the Blade- Friars and the Houfe of Bridewell. ' There have been of old Time, alfo, divers Bridges in fundry Places over the Courfe of Wal- hraeh. I read, that every Perfon, having. Lands on either Side of the faid Walhreo/e, lhould vault, or bridge, and mend the fame, f0 far as their Lands extended. More, in the EleVenth of Edward III, the Ina habitants upon the Courfe of this Brook were forced to pile and wall the Sides thereof. ‘ Alfo, that, in the Third of Henry V, this Waa- ter-Courfe having had many Bridges, as ye have heard, I have read of one by the Name of Her/hoe— Bridge, by the Church of St. fie/m Baptijt, now called St. joha’s upon Walhroole, which hath been fince vaulted over with Brick; and the Streets and Lanes where through it palIed, f0. paved, that the fame Water-Courfe or Brook is now hardly difcerned. Order was taken in the Second of Edward IV, that fuch Perfons as had any Ground on either Side of Walhroele, fhould vault and pave it over, f0 far as his Ground extended. And of all thefe Bridges there are none remain 63 Rebuilt. Ole/$077132, Bridge' Cow-Bridger Bridges over the Town- Ditch. Bridges otter the Courfe of W a/hraoh. Hmflaeo Bridge now vaulted over and paved. but Four, and thefe are all over the Canal, viz. ' Bridewell-Bridge, Fleet—Bridge, Fleet-Bridge-Larze, and Helhora-Brirlge. And thus much for the Bridges. . CHAP. y. 3. Tower at the north End of the Draw- Bridge. Tower at the {out}: End of the Bridge. WDuntborae. The fouth Gate on Lon- don—Bridge burnt. Bayrtarcl’r- Ca/ile. Fitz- flepben. Ger- tvcgfla: Til/bury. . again new. built, - mas and Ca/ller. .caa1e43aynara.’.' .¥ Book :1. c H A-P.‘ XIV. 0f far/J ancient Towers and Cafiles, a: bow been in and about this Cit)i of London. Tower on London-Bridge. Baynard’s—Cai’tle. Mountfichet— . Tower on cbe Thames. Tower on‘tbe :Weit' Bridewell. Barbican. TOwer— ~Royal. Sernes-Tower. N this Chapter, I {hall fay nothing of that fa- v mous Tower of London, but rather aiiign it a few Chapters by‘itfelf : For that {0 many Things are to be fpoken of it’, being now in abetter Con— dition both for Strength and Beauty than ever it hath been fince its firit Building.‘ This Chapter {hall‘fliew us fuch other Towers and Caitles in the City, as, except the Name, Time hath de- cayed, or rather quite demolifhed.] And, firf’t, Tbe Tower on London-Bridge. The next Tower on the River qf-Tbame: was on London-Bridge, at the north End of the Draw— Bridge. This Tower was new begun to be built, 1426. 30bit Reynwell, Mayor of London, laid one of the firit Corner—Stones in the Foundation of this Work; the other three were laid by the Sheriffs and Bridge~mafters -, upon every of thefe four Stones was engraven in fair Roman Letters the Name of IHESUS. And thefe Stones I have feen laid in the Bridge Store-houfe, fince they were taken up, when that Tower was of late newly made of Timber. " This Gate and Tower was, at the firi’t, firong- ly built up of Stone, and f0 continued until the Year 1577, in the Month of flpril, when the fame {tone arched Gate and Tower, being de- cayed, was begun to be taken down, and then were the Heads of the Traytors removed thence, and fet on the Tower over the Gate at the Bridge- foot towards Soutbwark. This faid Tower being taken down, a new Foundation was drawn, and Sir yobn Langley, Lord Mayor, laid the Brit Stone, in the Prefenceof the Sheriff's and Bridge- mai’cers on the 28th of Angie/t. And, in the Month of September, the Year 1579, the fame Tower was finiihed, a beautiful and chargeable Piece of Work, all above the Bridge being of Timber. . Tower on tbe Soatb of London-Bridge. Another Tower there is on London—Bridge, to wit, over the Gate at the fouth End of the fame Bridge, toward Soatbwark. This Gate, with the Tower thereupon, and two Arches of the Bridge, fell down, and no Man perifhed by the Fall thereof, in the Year .143 6. Towards the new Building whereof, divers charitable Citizens gave large Sums of Monies ; which'Gate, being then was, with thirteen Houfes more on the Bridge, in the Year 1471, burned by the Mariners and Sailors of Kent, Ballard Faw- conbria’ge being their Captain. ’ Baynarcl’s Ca/tle. , In the weiit Part of this City, faith Fitzflepben‘, are two moi’c firong Caitles, 8c. Aliib, Geroafi- a: Tilbury, in the Reign of Henry ‘ tb’e ‘ Second, writing of thefe Caftles, bath to this Efl‘eé‘t: Two Cafller, faith he, are built witb Walls and Ram'- partr, wbereof one is in Rngt of Pofleflion Baynard’r, tbe otber tbe Baron: of Mountfitchet. The Brit of thefe Caftles, banking on the River Tbamer, was called Baynarcl’s Ca/tle, of Baynarci, a Nobleman that came in with the Conqueror, and then built it, and deceafed in the Reign of [William Rufus; after whofe Deceafe Geflrey Baynara’ fuc- ceeded, and then William Baynarcl, in the Year r I I I , who, by Forfeiture for Felony, loft his Ba- rony of Little Dnnmow, and King Henry gave its wholly to Robert Fitz—Ricbard, the Son of Gilbert Earl of Clare, and to his Heirs, together with the Honour of B'aynarcl’s Caflle. This Robert married Maude do Sent Licio, Lady of Bradbam, and de.—» ceafed I I 34, was buried at St. Neale: by Richard Earlof Clare. Walter, his Son, fucceeded him; he took to Wife Matilda cle Becbam, and, after her Deceafe, Matilda, the Daughter and Coheir of Ric/yard cle Lucy, on whom«he begat Robert, and others. He deceafed in the Year I 198, and St. Neat}. Iifatilala (it Lac}. Firfi Edition. ,was buried at Dnnmow; after whom fucceeded Robert Fitzwater, a valiant Knight. . ‘ About the Year I 2 I 3, there arofe a great Dif: cord betwixt King yobn and his Barons, becaufe of Matilda, furnamed tbe Fair, Daughter to the faid Robert Fitzwater, whom the King unlawful- ly loved, but could not obtain her, nor her Fa- ther would confent thereunto; whereupon, and for other like Caufes, enfued- War through the whole Realm. The Barons were received into London, “Where they greatly endamaged the King. But,.in the End, the King did not not only, therefore, banifh the faid Fitzwater, among 0- thers, out ofthe Realm, but alfo caufed his Caf- tle, called Baynarcl, and other his Houfes, to be fpoiled. Which then being done, Matilda tbe Fair, a Meflénger being fent unto her about the King’s Suit, whereunto {he would not confent, was poi-foned -, Robert Fitzwater, and fome others, being then pafl‘ed into France, and fome others into Scotland, &c. » - ‘It happened in the Year 1214, King yam be- ing then in France with a great Army, that a Truce was taken betwixt the two Kings of Eng- land and France, for the Term of five Years,» and aRiver, or Arm of the Sea, being then be~ twixt either Heft, there was aKnight in the Engli/b Holt that cried to them of the other Side, willing fome one of their Knights, to come and jufc a Courfe or two with him; whereup— on, without Stay, Robert Fitzwater, being on the Frenclo Part,. made himfelf ready, ferried 0- ver, and got on Horfeback, without any Man to help him, and ihewed himfelf ready to the Face of his Challenger, whom, at the firi’t Courfe, he ftka (0 hard with his great Spear, that Horfe and Man fell to the Ground ; and when his Spear was broken, he went back again to the King of France: Which, ,when the King had feen, By Kingj‘aZm’s God’rTootb, quoth he, after his ufual Oath, 'he Oath- were a King indeed, that had fuch a‘Knight. The Friends of Robert hearing thefe Words, Robert Fitz- kneeled down and faid, 0 King, be is your angbt. 2‘53"]??? It is. Robert Fitzwater. And, thereupon, the Favoirtl g the next Day he was fent for, andref’cored to the By’xardr- King’s F avour-,_ by which Means Peace was con- C1451? 333i“ cluded, and he received his Livings, and had bmlt' Licenf‘e to repair his Cattle of Baynarci, and other Cal-ties. This Year, 1216, the Ivfl: of Hemy tbe 7795213, The Keeping the Callie of Hartford, beingdelivered to Lewis 05 H‘r‘fi'd the .F'reneb, and the Barons of England, Robert 8:251); R" Fitzwater requiring to have the fame, becaufe 5a.,“ Firm}, the Keeping thereof did by ancient Right and Ti- m. tie pertain to him, was anfwered by Lewis, ET/oat Englilhmen were not wort/by to bow jiicb H0ld5 in Keeping, Lib. Dumorw.‘ Robert Fitz- cwater banifh- ed. Baynaid' '1 Caflle defiroy- ed. Virginity defended with the Lois of worldly Goods, and Life of the Body, for the Life of the Soul. Chap. Acknowledg- eth Service to the City. Robert Fitz— rwater, Calli- lian and Ban- ner—Bearer of London. Right be- longing to him in Time of War. XIV. Keeping, beeoufi: tboy did betray ‘tbeir moo Lord, 8: c. This Robert deceafed in the Year 1234., and Was buried at Burma), and Walter, his Son, fuc— Ceeded him, 1258. His Barony of Buynord was in the ward ofKing Henry, in the Nonage of Robert Fitzwoter. This Robert took, to his fe- cond Wife, fliz'otzor, Daughter and Heir to the Earl of Perrors, in the Year 1289. And, in the Year I 303, on the 12th of Moro/o, before yobn Blond, Mayor of London, he acknowledged his Service to the fame City for his Cai‘de Boyrord, and fwore 'upon the Evangelifts, that he would be’true to the Liberties thereof, and maintain the fame to his Power, and the Counfel of the fame to keep," 656. ' Tbe Rig/3t: tbot belonged to Robert Fitzwater, Co— fiiiiou and Bonner-Bearer of London, Lord of Wodeham, were tbe/e: THE faid Robert, and his Heirs, ought to be, and are, chief Banners of London, inFee for the Chaftiliary,‘ which he and his Ancel’tors had byCu/tle—Buyuord, in the laid City. In Time of War, the faid. Robert, and his Heirs, ought to ferVe the City, in Manner as felloweth; that is, _ The faid Robert ought to come, he being the tWentieth Man of Arms, on Horfeback, covered with Cloth, or Armour, unto the great wefl: Door . of St. Paul, with his Banner difplayed before him Banner of St. Pearl. of his Arms. And when he is come to the faid Door, mounted and apparelled, as before is faid, the ‘Mayor, .with his Aldermen and Sheriffs, arm- ed in their Arms, {hall come out of the faid Church of St. Paul unto the faid Door, with 3. Banner in his Hand all on F oot; which Banner {hall be Gules, the Image of St. Paul, Gold; the F ace, Hands, Feet, and Sword, of Silver. And, ' as foon as the faid Robert fhall‘ fee the Mayor, Aldermen, and Sheriffs come 0n Foot out of the Church, armed with fuch a Banner, he lhall a- light from his Horfe, and falute the Mayor, and fay to him, Sir Mayor, I out come to do my Service wbieb I owe-to tbe City. ‘ ' And the Mayor and Alderman {hall a‘nfwer, PVe give to you, as to our Burmeret of Fee iu tbi: City, tbe Bonner of tbis City to bear and govern, to tbe Honour and Profit of tbis‘ City, to your Power. And the faid Robert, and his Heirs, Ihall re- ceive the Banner in his Hands, and go On Foot out of the Gate, with. the Banner in his Hands ;, and the Mayor, Aldermen, and Sheriffs, fhall follow to the Door, and {hall bring an Horfe to the faid Robert, worth twenty Pounds -, which Horfe‘ {hall be faddled with a Saddle of the Arms ‘ of the faid Robert, and? fhall be covered with Sin— dals of the faid Arms. Alfo they fhall- prefent to him twenty Pounds. Sterling Money, and deliver it to the Chamber- lain of the faid Robert, for his Expences that Day. Then the faid Robert {hall- mount upon the Horfe which the Mayor prefented to him, with the Banner in his Hand -, and, as foon as he is up, he {hall fay to the Mayor, that he caufe a Marfhal to be chofen for the Holt, one of the City, which Marlhal being chofen, the faid Ro- bert {hall command the Mayor and Burgefl'es of the City, to warn the Commons to alfemble to- gether, and they fhall all go under the Banner of St. Paul 3 and the faid Robert ihall bear it him- felf unto flidgote, and there the faid Robert, and Mayor, {hall deliver the {aid Banner of St. Poul from thence, to whom they {hall afl'ent or think good. And, if they mul’t make any Ifi'ue forth of the City, then the faid Robert ought to chufe two forth. of every Ward, the molt fage Perfon— ages, to forefee-to the fafe Keeping of the City, after they be gone forth. And this “Council lhall ‘ Towers bod Coj’t/es. Came-Baynardt be taken in the Priory of the Trinit? near it ' ” Aldgote. . And, again, before ever; Townnb: Cattle, .which the Holt of London {hall befiege 1f the Siege continue a whole Year, the {aid Ro'i bert (hall have, for every Siege, of the Commo- nalty of London, one hundred Shillings for his TraVel, and no more. i ' ' . Thole-are the Rights that the faid Robert hath in the Time of War. Rights belonging to Ro- bert Fitzwuter, and to his Heirs in the City of London, in the Time of Peace, are thefe; that 18 to fay, the faid Robert hath a Soke or Ward in the City; that is,‘a ‘Wall ,Of the Canonry of St... Poul, as a Mangoeth d0wn the Street before the Brewhoufe of St. Poul, unto the Tbumes, and fo 55 Rights be: longing to Re» bert Fitzrwa. ter in the Time of Peace. to the Side of the Mill, which is in the Water that ’ cometh down from the Fleet-Bridge, and goeth f0 by London Walls, betwixt‘the Friars Preachers and Ludgote, and fo returneth baCk by the Houfe of the faid Friars, unto the faid Wall of the faid Canonry of St. Poul ; that is, all the Pariih of St. Andrew, which is in the Gift of his Anceftors, by the faid Seniority -, and fo the faid Robert hath, appendant unto the faid Soke, all thefe Things underwritten: That he ought to have, a Soké- man, and to plaCe what Sokeman he will, f0 he ' be of the Sokemanry, or the faid Ward 5, and if- any of the Sokemanry be implea'ded in the Guild-1 ball, of any Thing that toucheth not the Body of , the Mayor that for the Time. is, or that toucheth the Body of no Sheriff, it is not lawful for the Sokeman of the Sokemanry. of the {aid Robert Fitzwoter to demand a Court of the faid Ro— bert, and the Mayor and his Citizens of London ought to grant him to have a Court ', and, in his Court, he ought to bring his Judgments, as it is aliented and agreed upon in the Guildboll, that [ball be given them. . If any, therefore, bettaken in his Sokemanry, he ought to have his Stocks and Imprifonment in his Soken -, and he fhall be brought from thence to the Guild/mil, before the Mayor, and there- they lhall provide him his Judgment that ought. to be given of him : But his Judgment lhal'l not A Court to be granted Ro- bert Fitzwab tor for his Sokemant be publifhed till he come into the Court of the. ' faid Robert, and in his Liberty. , And the Judgment fhall be fuch, that, if he. have deferved Death by Treafon, he to be tied to, a P011 in the Tbomes at a good Wharf, where Boats are faftened, two Ebbings and two F low- ings of the Water. _ And, if he be condemned for a common Thief, he ought to be led to the Elms, and there fuifer. his Judgment as other Thieves. And: fo the faid Robert and his Heirs hath Honour, that he hold— eth a great Franchife within the City, that the Mayor of the City, and Citizens, are bound to do him of Right, that is to fay, that, when the. ‘Mayor will hold a great Council, he ought to call the faid Robert, and his Heirs, 'to be with, him in Council of the City -, and the faid Robert ought to be fworn to be of Council .with the Ci— ty, againi’t all People, laying the King and his. Heirs. And whenythe faid Robert cometh to the Huflings of the Guild/9o]! of the City, the Mayor, or his Lieutenant, ought to rile againi’c him, and fet him down near unto him, and, ft) long as he is in the Guild/Joli, all the Judgments ought. to be given by his Mouth, according to the Re— cord of the Recorders of the faid Guiidboti. And- fo many Waifes as come {0 long as he IS there, he ought to give them to the Bailiffs of. the Town, or to whom he will, by’the-‘COLmCll of the Mayor of the Cityu Thefe are the Franchifes that belonged to R0“. in Time of Peace; . bert Fitz'woter, in London, , d which, for the Antiquity thereof, 1, have note out of an :ld Record. This Judgment for Diverfity of Oii'ences. 66 , Rohert Film «water deceaf. eth. This Robert deceafed'in the Year I 305, leaving Ifl‘ue, [Walter Fitzrehert, who had Illue, Rohcrt Pitzwater; unto whom, in the Year I 320, 'the Citizens of London acknowledged the Right which they owed to him-and his’ Heirs for the Ca/rle- Baynard. He deceafed I 32, 5 ; unto whom inc- ceeded Rohert Ii'itzrohert, [ritzwaltezg 8m. More of the Lord Pitzwater may ye read in my Sum- mary and Annals, in the 51ft of Edward III. But, now, how this Honour of Baynard’s—Ca/lle, with the Appurtenances, fell from the Poffefiion of the Pitzwaters, ,I have not read; only I find, that in the Yczir 1428, the 7th of Henry VI, a amymflrs- great Fire was at Baynard’s-Caflle, and that Hum- Cdflltperinted phrey, Duke of Gloucefier, built it new. By by} "18) if“; his Death and Attainder in the Year 1446, it $5,307,; :63, came to the Hands of Henry VI, and from him to Richard Duke of York, of whom we read, built it. Rirl’artl’Duke that, in the Year 1457, he lodged there as in his of York, , Owner of own Houfe. Emma/'5- In the Year 1460, the 28th of Februm'y, the Cdflh’. Earls of March and of Warwick, with a great Power of Men, but few of Name, entered the City' of London, where they were of'the Citizens joyfully received; and, upon the third of March, being Sunday, the {aid Earl caufed his People to be mullered in St. john’s Field; where unto that Holt were fhewed and proclaimed certain Articles and Points, wherein King Henry, as they laid, had offended; and, thereupon, it was demanded of the {aid People, Whether the faid Henry was worthy to «reign as King any longer, or not? Whereunto the People cried, Nay. Then it was . aiked of them, Whether they would have the Edward IV. Earl of March for their King? and they cried, #53? 1211515; Yea, yea. VVhereupon certain Captains were appointed to bear Report thereof to the faid Earl of March, then being lodged at his Cal’tle of Baynard. Whereof, when the Earl was by them Earl of [March lodgeth in his Caddie—Bryn ”3"“ advertifed, he thanked God and them for their Election; notwithftanding, he lhewed. fome Countenance of Infufliciency in him, to occupy Edward IV. {0 great a Charge; till, by Exhortation of the took on him the Crown in Archbifhop of Canterbury, the Bilfliop of Exeter, and certain Noblemen, he granted their Peti- fly/17115- tion. And, on the next Morrow at Paul’s, he went on Proheflion, offered, and had T e Deum fung. Then was he with great Royalty convey- ed to Wtflminfler, and there, in the great Hall, fet in the Kin g’s Seat, with St. Edward’s Scepter in his Hand. , Ex lie. Erf . In the feventh Year of King Edward’s Reign, wick- many .Men were arrefied of Treafon- furmifed a: Treafon fur- mi {6 d againli gainlt them, where-through many of them were many Mm put to Death, and others efcapcd for great Sums Divers Alder— of Money: Amonglt whom were Sir Thomas men unjnilly «Cooke, Sir yohn Plummer, Knights, Humphrey Hey- Chal'ged With ward, and other Aldermen of London arref‘ted, Treafon‘ and charged with Treafon, whereof they were acquitted -, but they lol‘t their Goods to the King, to the Value of 40000 Marks, or more, as fome have written. And, for Example, Sir Thomas Cooke, lately before Lord Mayor of London, was, by one named Hawkins, impeached of Treafon, for which'he» was committed to the T ower,.his Place in London feized on by the Lord Rivers, and his Lady and Servants clearly put out there- of, the Caufe being thus : ' The forenamed Hawkins came, upon a Time, to, the {aid Sir Thomas Cooke, requefiing him to The Rte-{on of Sir Thomas Cooke’s Trou- ’ ‘es. .2: whereunto he anfwered, that he would firft know forwhomit fhould be : At length, underftand— ing that it lhould be for the Ufe of (been Mar-z garee, he anfwered, He had no current Wares, whereof any Shift might be made, without too muchLofs -, and, therefore, required Hawkins to ‘ move him no further, for he intended not to deal therewithal. Yet the faid Hawkins requefled but , -. Towers and Ca/Z/es. Cafile-Baynard. ’ 100 Pounds at length, and went away without; lend him a thoufand Marks upon good Surety, Book I. it, or the Value of one Penny, and never after came again to move him. Which relied fo for two or three Years after, till the {aid Hawkins was committed to the Tower, and brought at length to the Brake or Rack, commonly called The Duke of Exeter’s Daughter, becaufe he was the Devifer The Brake, of that Torture. By Means of which Pain, he or Rackinthe revealed many Things -, and, among the refi, 1°:fl-rlégfua1‘ the Motion which he had made to Sir Thomas Tye, Dmof Cooke, was one. In Regard whereof, the faid Sir Exeter’s Thomas was troubled, as you have heard -, and a Daugher- Jury, by the Means of Sir john Fogg, indifted . him of Treafon. After which, an Oyer Deter- An Oyer De- miner was held in the Guildhall, where fat the termi“?rf°r Lord Mayor, the Duke of Clarence, the Earl of 3:: 3:22:71“? Warwick, the Lord Rivers, Sir john Fogg, with 07.94,, other of the King’s Council. To this Place was the faid Sir Thomas brought, and there arraigned upon Life and Death ; where he was acquitted of the faid Indictment, and fent Sir mom, to the Compter in Bread/lreet, and from thence to Cooke {acquit- the King’s-Bench. Being thus acquitted, his Wife “d by ‘he got Pofl'eflion again of his Houfe, the which {he Jury' found in a very evil Plight; for the Servants of Sir f7ohn Fogg, and of the Lord Rivers, had made Havock of what they lifiZCd. Alfo, at his Place When Men at Giddy-hall in Eflex, another, Sort had defiroyed areinDiflrFCS. the Deer in his Park, his Conies and F ifh; and xiii-”’1“ {pared not Brafs, Pewter, Bedding, and all that the“ they could carry away -, for which never a Penny might be gotten back again in Recompence, nor Sir Thomas Cooke be delivered, until he had paid 8000 Pounds to the King, and 800 Pounds to the (lueen. And, becaufe that Sir john Markham, Sir 705;: Knight, then Chief Juf’tice of the Pleas, deter- Mark/73% mined fomewhat againft the King’s Pleafure, that i‘ffiifihfi; ’ the Offence done by Sir Thomas Cooke was no his office {0, Treafon, but Mifprifion, the which was no De- doing Jufiice. fert of Death, but to be fined at the King’s Plea- lure, the Lord Rivers, and the Duchefs of Bed- ford his Wife, procured, that he lofl: his Office afterward. Edward IV, being dead, leaving’his eltlef’t Son Edward, and his fecOnd Son Richard, both In— fants, Richard Duke of Gloucefler, then Proteftor, praétifed here for the Crown, and as it were by Richard?!» Election of the Commons in the Guildhall of ”1&0“ London, took on him the Title of the Realm, as $0,325? offered and impofcd upon him, in this Baynard’s- Baynurd’s— Ca/lle, as ye may read fet down and penned by Caflle- Sir Thomas Moore, and in my flnnals. - Henry the Seventh, about the Year 148 7, the Baynanl’s- “ 31ft of his Reign, repaired, or rather new built Cad/e film?!— this Houfe, not imbattled, or f0 firongly if by {311113; fortified Caftle-like -, but far more beautiful and my ‘ commodious for the Entertainment of any Prince or great Ei’cate. .In the 7th of his Reign, he, with his Qieen, were lodged there, and came Lodgeth from thence to Paul’s Church, where they made the“- their Offering, dined in the Biihop’s Palace, and fo returned. The" 18th of his Reign he was lodged there ; and the AmbalTadors from the King of the Ro- mans were thither brought to his Prefence, and from thence the King came to Paul’s, and was there fworn to the King of the Romans, as the faid King had fwo n to him. The 20th of t e faid King, he, with the Hem ,5, Knights of the Order, all in their Habits of the Seventh. and Garter, rode from the Tower of London. through linights 0f the City, unto the Cathedral Church of St. Paul’s, fioggg‘fifigr and there heard Evenfong ; and from thence they Habits from rode to Baynard’s—Ca/fle, where the King lodged, the 7mm and, on the next Morrow, in the fame Habit, they 81me d rode from thence again to the {aid Church of their: io “1 St.-’Paul’s, went on Proceflion, heard the Divine qunard's. Service, offered, and returned. The fame Year C‘s/”h the King of Caflz'le was lodged there. 4 This Chap- The Council affembled at Baynard’s— Caflle, and proclaimed Clueen Mary. X lV. . Towers "and Cafl/es. This .Caf’tle came afterwards to theEarls of Pembroke. . In the Year I 5 5 3, the I 9th of j‘uly,'the Coun- cil, partly moved with the Right of the Ladyi ’ M'ary’s Caufe, partly confidering,-that the molt of the Realm was wholly benton her Side, changing their Mind from the Lady 7am, lately proclaim- ed Qleen, afi'embled themfelves at this Baynard’s- Caflle, where they communed with the Earlof Pembroke, and the Earl of Shrew/bury, and Sir yohn Mafon, Clerk of the Council -, fent for the Lord Mayor ; and then riding into Cheap to-the Crofs, where Garter King at Arms, Trumpets being founded, proclaimed the. Lady Mary, Daughter to King Henry VIII, and ween Catha- rine, Qieen of England, &c. This Caitle of Baynard’s, as alfo that of Mount- . fichet, near adjoining, are now pulled down, and converted into Timber-yards, Wood-wharfs, and private Buildings; onlya round Tower, Part Of Baynard’s—Caflle, yet itands, and, with other additional Buildings, is converted into a Dwell- ing—home] ‘ Next adjoining to this Cattle was fome Time 3 Tower, the Name thereof I have not read; but that the fame was built by Edward II, is _ manifeft by this that followeth :. a. M. A Tower by annard’s Ca‘ file, built by Edward IV. Tower of Mountfichet. Named from the Baron Mount/ichet. The Ruins thereof made ufe of for Black-Friars. Torr. Record. Ex Charta. King Edward III, in the 2d 2” ear of his Reign, gaweunto William de Ros, of Hamelake in York- fhire, a Tower upon the Water of Thames, by the Caftle—Baynard, in the City of London, which Tower his Father had built -, he gave the [aid T ow~ "er andflppurtenanees to the faid William Harne— lake, and his Heirs, for a Rofl’ yearly, to be paid for all Service due, 8a. This Tower, as it feemeth to me, was fince called Legates-Inn, the 7th of Edward IV.] Tower of Mountfichet. The neXt Tower or Caftle, banking alfo on the ,River of Thames, was, as is afore fhewed, called Mountfichet’s-Caflie, belonging to a Nobleman, Baron of Mountfiehet, the firf’t Builder thereof, who came in with [William the Conqueror, and was furnamed Le SireMountflehet. This Cattle he built in a Place not far diftant from Baynard’s, towards the Weft. The fame PViZZiam Mountfichet lived in the Reign of Henry I, and was Witnefs to a Charter then granted to the City for the She— riifs of London, Richard Mountfichet lived in King Yohn’s Time, and, in the Year 1213, was by the fame King banifhed the Realm into France, when, peradventure, King 7ohn caufed his Caftle of Mountfiehet, amongf’t other Caftles of the Ba- rons, to be overthrown. The which, after his Return, might be by him again re-edified ; for the total Deftruétion thereof was about the Year 1276, when Robert‘KiZwarby, Archbifhop of Can— terbury, began the Foundation of the Houfe of the Friars-Preachers Church there, commonly called Black-Friars, as appeareth by a Charter, dated the 10th of “fune, in the 4th of Edward I, remaining of Record in the Tower ; wherein is declared, that Gregory de Roebefley, Mayor of Lon- don, and the Barons of the fame City, granted and gave, unto the faid Archbifhop Robert, two Lanes or Ways next the Street of Baynard’s—Caf— tie, and the Tower of Mountfiehet, to be applied for the Enlargement of the faid Church and Place, in thefe Words: ‘ . ' The Preach- ' ing Friars Church founded by Baynard’s Ca— file ; before which Time, their; Church was in Ho]- borne. ‘ Gregory Roe/refley, Lord Mayor, and the Ba- ? rons of London, granted, and gave to the Arch— ‘ bifhop of Canterbury, Robert Kiiwarby, two ‘ Lanes or Ways, lying next to the Street of Bay- ‘ nard’s-Cajtie, and the Tower of Mountfiquit, or ‘ Mountfiehet, to be deitroyed. In the which ‘ Place, the faid Robert built the late new 0"“ Mountfichet Tower.- ‘ Church of Black-Friars, with the reit of the ‘ Stones that were left of the faid Tower. For ‘ the beit and choice Stones the Bifhop . of Lon- don had obtained of King William the Conqueror to resedify. the upper Part of St. Paul’ s Church, .which was then, by Chance of Fire, decayed’: This Charter of King Edward 11,; before men- tioned, ran in this Tenor : vEdwardus Dei gra’tia &‘c Omnibus &c i e K" E; I , . . . . 4 Edward, Son of King Edward, szc’. To all, minis 3.2:.- ‘ Ede. Whereas Gregory de RochdIey, our. Mayor “fwd“: Fri' ‘, Of London, and the other Barons of the faid ars Preachers Cit . O I It for twoLanes W at .111“ - I1 ance, have commonly and to be inclos’d unanimoufly granted to the venerable Father, Lit-flb- F0" Robert, Archbilhop of Canterbury, and his Af- 39" ‘., C C c C. ‘ figns, two Lanes contiguous to hisPlace of ‘ Cajiie-Baynard, and the Tower of Mountfiehet, ‘ to be {topped up for theenlarging of the forefaid' ‘7 Place, and to inclofe them ; while yet he {hall ‘ ailign a like Way to them, and as convenient ‘ for the Commonaity of the fame City. And ‘ We underftanding by the forefaid Mayor and ‘ Barons of the faid City, that the faid Arch- ‘ bifhop hath already prepared a better Way, ‘ and more convenient for the faid Commonalty ‘ than the forefaid Lanes were: We, to the faid ‘ Archbifhop and his Afligns, for Us and Our ‘ Heirs, as much as in Us is, do grant, ratify, ‘ and confirm, the forefaid Grant. So that Our ‘ faid Barons of London, by Occafion of _their ‘ forefaid Grant, nor the Archbifhop, nor/his ‘, Alligns, an Account of the faid changing of the ‘. Ways, be accufed or molefted, for Time to ‘ come, before our Juitices Itinerants at the Tower ‘. of London, upon Caufe of Purpreiture made of ‘the forefaid Lanes. In Teltimony whereof, ‘ {9%. Witncfs myfelf at Wtjtminfler, the 10th ‘ Day of :7une, in the Fourth Year of Our 122.1311; Reign.’] - The Tower on the Thames. ‘ ' . A third Tower there was alfo, fituate on the Tower on thfi River of Thames, near unto the faid Black-Friars ”“7””- Church, on the weft Part thereof, built at the Citizens Charges, but by Licence and Command- ment, of Edward I. and of Edward II, as ap- peareth by their Grants. By the latter whereof, in the 10th of his Reign, an Impofition was granta ed towards the Building of a new Tower on the Wall near the Friar Preachers] Which Tower. was then finifhed, and f0 itood for the Space of 300 Years; and was at the laft taken down by the Commandment ofj’ohn Shaw, Mayor of Lon-‘ don, in the Year I 502. . . This Tower was large and magnificent, fuch as was fit for the Reception of a King ; and for this To w- where King Edward I. intended fometimes at his er, Pleafure to lie. It wa , not finifhecl in the Be- 7 S, ginning of his Reign. l3ut he gave Order forthe finifhing of it to the Mayor, Sherilfs, and Citi- zens, out of the Three Years Toll he had granted them to take upon Commodities brought to the City to be fold, for the Reparation of the Walls ; and particularly for finiihing the Wall begun near the Blade—Friars, not far from which at the Thames, Itood this Tower. Q‘And that we may fee what it was, and what Opinion that King'had of this Tower, and concerning the Situation, let us read his Letter 'to the City : Impofition for building" this Towers and King Edrwanf his Command. ‘ Whereas we have granted you, for Aid of the 'Lthe Kifng‘s c Work of the ~Walls of our City, and the C10- edging; ‘ lure of the fame, divers Cuitoms of vendible Wall and a ‘ Thinos, coming to the faid City, to be taken Tower near a that Black-Friars. Lib. Horn. Fol.183. ‘ for a certain Time, We command you, . ‘ you caufe to be finifhed the Wall of the {aid ‘ City, now begun near the Manfion of the Fri- ‘ ars Preachers, and a certain good and comely S ' Tower 68. - Water of Thames there. Wherein We may be received and tarry with Honour; to our Eafe and Satisfaétion in our Comings there, out of the Pence taken, and to be taken of the faid Cul’toms, Es’e. Witnefs myfelf at Weflminfler, the 8th Day of j‘uly, An. 4.. Which fell about 12763] ' , fl 1‘" a“ l‘ 0" Another Tower in the W'e/l. Towar or Ca- file on the weft Part of the City, pertaining to the King. _: Eve“ “1:?" For I read, that in the Year 1087, the 20th of ‘ 52),? " Mlliam the Fir/t, the City of London, with the Church. Church of St. Pearl being burnt, Mauritius, then Bifhop of London, afterward began the F oun'da- tion of a new Church, whereunto King hVilliam, faith mine Author, gave the choice Stones of this Cal’tle, ftanding near to the Bank of the Ri— ver of Thames, at the weft End of the City. Af- Ierita flrtl‘en- ter this Mauritius, Richard his Succeflbr pur- Wa/d- chafed the Streets above Paul’s Church, compaf- hug the fame with a Wall of Stone and Gates. King Henry the Fir/t gave to this Richard f0 much of the Moat or Wall of the Caf’tle, on the T home: Side to the South, as lhould be needful to make the faid Wall of the Churchyard, and f0 much more as fhould fuflice to make a Way with~ out the Wall on the north Side, {9%. This Tower or Cattle, being thus deftroyed, flood, as it may feem, in the Place where now ‘ ftandeth the Houfe calledBridewell. For, notwith— I’tanding the Deftruétion of the faid Caftle or Tower, the Houfe remained large, f0 that the The King’s Kings of this Realm long after were lodged there, H91“? 13)’ St- and kept their Courts. For, in the ninth Year 51:35; of Henry the Third, the Courts of Law and Ju- ' Ptice were kept in the King’s Houfe, wherefoever he was lodged, and not elfewhere. And, that the Kings have been lodged, and kept their Law Courts in this Place, I could fhew you many Authorities of Record ; but, for a plain Proof, this one may fuflice: Heft 4t finalis Concordia, fatta in Curia Dom. Regir apud Santi. Brigid. Land. (2 Die Sanfii .Michaelis, in 15 Diet, flnno Regni Regis 70hannis feptimo -, corarn G. Fil. Petri, Eu- flacio de Fauconherg, 7ohanne de Gefllinge, O/hart Filth Hervey, Walter de Crifliing, 7ufliciar. {9° alii: Baronihus Domini Regis. Mar. Pm} More, as Matthew Paris hath, about the Year Mame/fritt- 1210, King 7m, in the twelfth Year of his Parliament at Reign, fummoned a Parliament at St. Bride’s in St Bfidc’S- London; where he exaéted of the Clergy, and Religious Perfons, the Sum of one hundred thoufand Pounds. And, befides all this, the White Monks were compelled to cancel their Privileges, and to pay 40000 I. to the King, fife. This Houfe of St. Bride’s, of later Time, being left, and not ufed by the Kings, fell to Ruin; in- ' fomuch that the very Platform thereof remained, for great Part, waf’te, and, as it were, but a Lay-fiall of Filth and Rubbifh, only a fair Well remained there. A great Part whereof, namely, on the Weft, as hath been faid, was given to the Bifhop of Sali/hary; 'the other Part toward the Eai’t remained wafte, until King Henry the Eighth built'a ftately and beautiful Houfe thereupon, giving it to Name Bridewell, 0f the Parifh and Well there. This Houfe he purpofelypbuilt for the Entertainment of the Emperor Charles the Fifth, who in the Year I 522 came into this City, as I have fhewed in my Summary, Annals, and large Chronicles. The Tower of Barbican. On the north-Weft Side of this City, near unto Situate near B ride-well . Lih. Burton fuper Trent. Bride-well built by K. Henry VIII. 73mm and Cafller. Bridewell, Barbican, 865%. Tower at the Head of the faid Wall within the Another Tower or Caftle alfo was there, in the ’Book ‘I. iRedcro/i- eet, there was a Tower, commonly gcalled Barhican, or Burhkenning, for that, the. Barman, o,- :fame, being placed .on an high GrOund, and alfo Burhkenning- jbuilt of fome good Height, was, in old Time, ufed as a Watch-Tower for the City -, from whence ; a Man might behold and view the whole City to- iwards the South, and alfo fee into Kent, Suflex, T and Sarry, and likewife every other Way, eaft, f north, or weft. . Other WatchhTowers. Some other Burhkennings or Watch-Towers ;there were, of old Time, in and about the Ci— Burhken- nings or Watch-Tow- ers in the , City. i ty, all which were repaired, yea, and others new L built, by Gilhert de Clare, Earl, of Glouee/l‘er, in the Reign of King Henry III, when the Barons . were in Arms, and held the City againf’t the King. But, the, Barons being reconciled to his Favour, in the Year 1267, he caufed all their Burhkennings, Watch-Towers, and Bulwarks, made and repaired by the faid- Earl, to be pluck- ed down, and the Ditches to» be filled up, fo that nought of them might be feen to remain. And then was this Burhkenning, amongl’t the ref’t, overthrown and deftroyed; and, although the Ditch, near thereunto, called Hounfditch, was flopped up, yet‘ the Street, of long Time after, was called Hounfditeh, and, of late Time, more commonly, called Barhiean. The Plot or Seat ' of this Burhkenning, or Watch-Tower, King Edward III, in the Year 1336, and the Tenth of his Reign, gave unto Rohert Eflhrd, [or Uf- ford] Earl of Sufiol/e, by the Name of his Manor of Rafe—Court, in the Parifh of St. Giles without Cripplegate, of London, commonly called the Bar- hican. The Deflruc-_ tion of the Barhz'ean. Tower—Royal. T ower-Royal was, of old Time, the King’s Houfe ; King Stephen was there lodged ; but fince called the Queen’s Wardrohe. The Princefs, Mo— ther to King Richard II, in the fourth Year of his Reign, was lodged there; being forced to fly. from the Tower of London, when the Rebels polleffed it. But, on, the 15th of f7une, faith Frofard, Wat Tyler being 'flain, the King went to this Lady Princefs, his Mother, then lodged in the Tower-Royal, called the Queen’s Wardrohe, where {he had tarried two Days and two Nights: Which Tower, faith the Record 9f Edward III, the thirty-fixth Year, was in the Parifh of St. .Michael do Pater Nofler, {9%. - . In the Year 1386, King Richard, with (Alec 1.11.3.1), Anne, his Wife, kept their Chriflma: at Eltham; Harm”; ’ whither came to him Lion King of Ernzory, u-n- ghe ng °f der Pretence to reform Peace betwixt the Kings infifif‘figfl of England and France. But, what his Coming profited, he only underftood. For, befides in- numerable Gifts that he received of the King, and of the Nobles, the King, lying then in this Tower—Royal, at the Queen’s lVardrohe in London, ranted to him a Charter of a thoufand Pounds y Year, during his Life. He was, as he af- firmed, chaced out of his Kingdom by the T ar- tarianr. ‘The rei’t, concerning this Tower, {hall you read, when you come to the Vinny Ward, in which it fiandeth. ' Tourer-Royal. 70h. Fro/lard. Richard II. lodged in the Tower-Royal. Serne’s-Tower. Serne’s‘Tower, in Buchler/hury, was fometimes the Kino’s Houfe. Edward III, in the eighteenth Year ofp his Reign, appointed his Exchange of Monies therein to be kept; and, in the Two- and-thirtieth, he gave the fame Tower to his free Chapel of St. Stephen at thmin/ter. Serne’s Jon-er in Buchlerf- ’ hwy. CHAR I‘ w [MINE N "Hum I}: I ' sum Chap... XV. Tower of London. 0 HA P. , xv. 0f the Tower- of London. It: Situation and Ma ' d ‘ ' i ‘ _ . . 9 y. . . .1 , . gnn‘n e. The Lzhe i . it. St. Peter 3 Church in the Tower. It: Governor and printing! 1317;]: cert. pConflah/e. .Hir Privileges. Lieutenant of ' the Tower. Caflor’s of the Tower. Gent/en’ian Porter. Gentleman Gaoler. The Lieutenant} of the» Tower. - :7, S. 'HU S having difpatched thefe antiquated - ' Towers of London, {we go onto the Royal Tower, yet extant and flouriihing. Of which many Things Were fpoken by Stow, and many more will be added, for the further Knowledge f of it, and Continuance of its Hii’tory down to the 5 prefent Times. ~ ‘ The City of London, faith Fianna”, hath : ‘1 in the Eaft a very great and mof’t firong Pala~ “ tine Tower; whofe Turrets and Walls do rife “ from a deep F Oundation; the Mortar thereof ‘ being tempered with the Blood of Beaf’ts. In ‘_' the weft Parts are two molt firong Cal’tles, " 8zc.’ , Seljeant Por- To begin therefore with this mofi: famous T ow— ter- er of London, fituate in the Eafiz, near unto the River of Thames. The Tower of And here, for the better Defcription of this Lam?”- important Part of the City, divers Things are Fitzflephen. to beparticularly ihewed. As, I, Its Situation and Magnitude. 2, The Liberties and Bounds ofit. 3, The Church of St. Peter within the Tower, 4, The Governors and principal Ofli- c‘ers. 5, Its Antiquity and firl’t Buildings. 6, Of the Enlarging, Repairing, and Fortifying of it. 7, Of fuch Actions, Accidents, and remarkable Occurrences, of feveral Kinds, as have at divers 3‘. S. Times been tranfaéted, or fallen out within the . Confines of it. 8, Of the Mint. 9, Of the Of- fice of the Ordnance. 10, Of the feveral Offices, 'viz‘. Of keeping the Records, the Regalia, and the Lions; with- other Offices of Moment kept therei] 0f the Situation and Magnitude of this great For— . trefr, the Tower. It is fituate upon a large Plot of Ground, cal— led. the ower Liherty, which contains both the Tower- ills, viz. the Greater and the Lelfer, and Part of Eafi—Smithfield, Rofemarnyane, Well-Clofe, &c. It is encompaffed with a broad and deep Ditch, fupplied with Water out of the Thames, which is its fouthern Bounds; and over this Ditch it hath two Bridges, one for Carts and Coaches, by the Lions Tower, and the other for Foot- How fituate. Pafléngers, over a Draw-Bridge on the fouth R B Side. ' .' - Befides, it hath a Paffage, or Cut out of the T homes, which is called Traitors-Bridge; fo cal— led, for that formerly all Perfons, committed to the Tower for Treafon, were brought through thither by Boat. Its Extent. The Piece of Ground on which the Tower fiands, contains twenty-fix Acres, 9. Rod, and fomething more. Its Compafs. The Compafs about the Tower, on the Out- fide of the Ditch, is 3156 Feet. And the (film- tity of Ground, comprehended within the Walls and Ditch, is twelve Acres, and odd Rods. The whole, with its Liberty as aforefaid, contains fomethin‘g above twenty-fix Acres of Ground. ' ‘A Plan of the A Sight of this Tower is here reprefented, ta- TO‘WV- ken from the River of Thames, and an ichnogra- ‘ phical Ground Plot; in which you may fee the Pofition and Situation of the feveral Places men- tioned in this Difcourfe of the Tower; all of them being either exprefl'ed by Letters, or Fi- 3 gures, according to the following Table; which is a better Satisfaétion to the Reader, than a r Multitude of Words : " . Tahle of References. Places, noted in the Ground-Plot, are, r The Lions .. 2 The Middle 3 The Bell 4 Beanehamp 5' Dwelling 6 Flint 7 Bowyer 8 Martin 9 Cattle >ToWer. I'o Broad Arrows II Salt 12 Well 13 Cradle 14. Lantern , I 5 St. Thoma: 3 16 Hall ' I7 Bloody . 1 8 The Lieutenant’s Lodgings. 19 The Mint. 20 The Magazine. 2 I The Office of Ordnance. The other Places, which have no Names nor Figures fet to them, are .Dwelling-houfes belong- ing to the Warders, and other Officers of the Tower.] Whereas the Tower is faid to be within the Ci- Tower, how ty of London, it is, faith Lord Coke, thus to be [Within the underflood: That the ancient Wall of London, 8:251th the Mention whereof yet appeareth, extendeth- p. 4_ ' through the Tower ; And all that which is envi— S roned with the faid Wall, viz. on the weft Part 7' ‘ thereof, is within the City of London, that is to fay, in the Parifh of All Saint: Bar/ring, within the Ward of the Tower. And the Refidue of the Tower, on the eaf’c Part of the ancient Wall, is within the County of .Middlcflx. And this, up- on View and Examination, was found out, Me. I 3 yaeoh. Regis, in the Cafe of Sir Thomas Over- hary, who was poifoned in a Chamber in the Tower, on the weft Part of that old Wall ; and therefore Weflon, the principal Murtherer, was tried before Commiflioners of Oyer and‘Terminer, in London -, and fo was Sir Gervafe Elways, Lieu- tenant of the Tower, as Accefl’ary. ‘ And here it will be proper to take fome View TheLibertm of the Liberties ; that is, of fome certain Extent Of the 70W“ of Ground bordering upon the Tower, to which 7, S, was annexed a peculiar Liberty, viz. to be fub- jeét to no Jurifdiétion, but that of the T ower. 1t- felf. This, being upon the Confines of the City, hath occafioned fometimes great Difference be- tween the T ower—Oflicers, and the Mayor and C}- ty of London. As in the Fifth of Edward IV, in the F irfl: of (been EZifahet/o, alfo 1n the. Year 158 5; as {hall be fhewn more at Large 1n the The Lieute— Chapter for T ower-fireet Ward. To which may mm of {he be added thefe Contentions followmg : ' Towerfigvdl In Eaji~Smithfield, at Hoglane End. a Gibbet golf/{513%,}, was fet up, for the Execution of one R. Dad, .for to be “6ch the Murder of one Mrs. Skinner, in her own ed in 5a ;. HOUfC Smith/5e d. 7° ToWer of London. Houfe lying thereabout, in the Year I 580. But, when the Sheriff brought the Malefaétor to be hanged, Sir Owen Hopton, then Lieutenant of _ the Tower, commanded the Sheriff’ s—Ofiicers back Contentions with the City about the Li- berties. The Mayor petitions the Lord Trea— furer to for- ward a quiet End thereof. The Appren- tices make an Infurreétion within the Liberties. The Mayor ' afl'aulted. again to the weft Side of a Crofs, that fizood there : Which feems to have been the Mark fet up for the Boundaries of the Liberties of .the Tower. And he took the Sheriff and Malefaétor into an Houfe -, whence, after a good while Stay, they all de arted. The Gibbet was taken away; the Male aéfor carried to T yourn in the After- noon, and executed there. Thus did the Tower Contend with the City, about their Right to the Confines of the Tower. This Holling/laed relates from Stow’s Chronicle. In the Year 1589, one 7olon Cox, a Limeman, attempted the Building of a Wharf into the T learner at the Watergate, fituate about the weft End of the Tower Wharf ; and had fet up his Frame. The Place was faid to be Within the Liberties of the City of London. But he had the Countenance of an Officer of the Tower, as he pretended. The Inconvenience of this Building was, that it was at a public Place of Paffage for the (Lueen’s Subjects, Brewers and others, to fetch Water with Carts, and for other common Affairs. Which Wharf would have tended to the Straitening of the Place, and to the great Let and Hinderance of the common Paffage. Sir Rielaard Martin, Mayor, gave Order for Stay of the Proceeding with this Building: Which never— thelefs Cox would not obey. For, when one from the Lord Mayor commanded him to forbear his Building, he heaved up a Staff againf’t him, to f’trike him ; and he f’till proceeded. Whereat the faid Mayor informed the Lord Treafurer; pray- ing, that Cox might be commanded to take a- way his Frame, and to furceafe his faid Erecti— on. And, withal, he befeeched his Lordfhip, That whereas, many Times heretofore, Variances had arifen between the City and the Officers of the Tower of London, touching Encroachments upon the common Soil within the Liberties of the City; which fome Perfons, refpeéting their private Profit, had fuppofed 'to appertain to the Officers of the Tower; and had therefore pro— cured Grants from fome Officers unto them- felves, and f0 ftirred Contention between the Ci- ty and Mr. Lieutenant, as was well known to his Lordfhip, and the Qleen’s Honourable Coun- cil. And where heretofore, for Stay of Troubles between the City and Mr. Lieutenant, it pleafed their Lordfhips to give Order, that nothing fhould be attempted on either Side, until Order fhould be taken for Pacification of the Contro~ verfy therein : He therefore humbly befeeched‘ his Lordfhip to extend for the City his Favour {0 far, that, by his Means, the Titles on each Side might be examined, touching this, and all other Caufes of Controverfy, which ref’ted as yet undecided, to fet a quiet End to Controverfies for Time to come: And that all Occafions of Unkindnefs between the City and Mr. Lieute- nant, 'and other the Qieen’s Officers of the T ow— er, might be taken away : As the faid Mayor fig— nified, in a Letter to the Lord Treafurer. Near this Time, a dangerous (barrel happen- \ ed about the faid Liberties of the Tower. For, on a Sunday, the Apprentices took Occafion to make an Infurreétion, and held their Rendevouz near, or within thofe Liberties. Thither the Lord Mayor, and the Sheriffs, and their At- tendants, came to them thus tumultuoufly met together; and, in the Hurly-burly, came, it feems, within the Liberties. Whereat fome of the People of the Tower began to be aggrieved, as infringing their Privileges. Whereat they be- gan to refift the Mayor and his Company. But of this, as an Affront offered to him and the Cia ty', he'made Complaint to the (been and Coun- cil, againfl: the Lieutenant, Sir .Miclaael Blount : Who, in his own Vindication, gave this Account of himfelf, and what he did, viz. That, as foon as he was advertifed of this Tumult, being in his {Lodging in the Tower, he went forth to the Gate of the Tower, in his Doublet, and Hofe, and Slippers, and his little Walking-Raff only in his Hand; and, by co‘urteous Meffage, fent by only one Man, admonifhed the Lord Mayor, rThat his entering within the Liberties bred Of- fence; and prayed him to remember the Liberty of the Place. And that he neither by Word, Meffage, nor'any other Action, either command- . ed or confented to any Violence to be offered to the Lord Mayor, or Sheriffs, or any of their Company; but did his Endeavour in a peaceable Manner to~ appeafe the Tumult. That he put his own Life in Peril, in putting himfelf forth ’ Book I: . to reprefs the Diforder ; and both ref’trained his own Servants, and her Majefty’s Servants, from_ offering any Violence -, and, with his own Arms, drew them, and held them within the Gates of the Tower; and was not willing“ nor thought it convenient at that Time, as, it feems, he was accufed, to have any @ef’tion of the Liberties ; but, by all Means, fuppreffed the (haef’tion and Offence growing to her Majef’ty’s fworn Servants to the Tower, to fee the Liberties infringed. The Occafion of her Majefiy’s Service at that Time not requiring it, the Lieutenant mfle Choice of one of her Majef’ty’s fworn Servants, difcreet, and of peaceable and quiet Condition, in all feemly and courteous Manner to advertife the Lord Mayor of it. Which Meffenger was affaulted, and ill treated; and fuch Violence, as was offered, grew from the Company of the Lord Mayor. And all this he offered to aver and prove, before the Lords of her Majefiy’s mof‘t Honourable Privy—Council. The Bufinefs, about the Bounds, between the City and the Tower, was not yet, Anna I 591, ended, but fiill depending : Yet, the Lord Trea- furer had promifed, that he would give Order for the Speeding forth a Commiflion, touching the Deciding of the Limits. This Sir William W ebb, Mayor, by Letters, earnef’tly excited him to: Which, as he faid, except it were done in fome We5&,Mayor, follicits the Lord Trea- furer about the Bounds. convenient Time, might be a Caufe of fome, Trouble and Diffenfion hereafter, when the Of— ficers of both Places fhould have Occafion, ac- cording to Order, to vifit their faid Bounds. In this Letter, the Lord Treafurer wrote, with \his own Hand, the Names of the Perfons to whom the abovefaid Commiflion fhould be di- rected, ‘viz. thteeen’s two Chief Juliices, the Chief Baron, Mr. Forte/one, and the Mafier of St. Catharine’s. — In the Year I 595, Sir 7olon Spenjer, Mayor, the Bufinefs was not yet adjuf’ted between the Ci- ty and the Tower. For, certain Apprentices, in the Month of _‘7une, this Year alfo, rifing, in a tumultuous Manner, in divers Places of the Ci- ty, and chiefly, as it feems, taking their Shelter here; the Mayor, with the Sword-Bearer and Officers, went thither to fupprefs them. But the Lieutenant’s Men hurt the Sword-Bearer, the Lieutenant himfelf prefent, and his Sword pulled down: Of which he complained to the Lord Treafurer. The Bounds controverted, were, at Little T ower-Hill, the Pof’tern, and Eafl-Smitbfield, on one Side ; and, on the other, the Extent of T ow- er-Hill, and toward Bar/ting Church. The Par- ticularities whereof will further appear, by 3. Pa- per I have feen in the Tower, intitled, Point: Variance a- bout the Li. mits fiill. The Bounds contravened, where. ‘ n ooooooooooooo Incocoevict-clunaaccaovaolo-Ono-loco:0000:0010-30acooo-noo .u 5f?VV/ZMMZV/Z,Z% 72.0% ,»._ N‘ .. _ ‘, :‘unul e rm u q S ' l nulnnmr ////l,: e / / ~uo¢nlnhIr-r.o. .. V . ....... . ‘ A 0000...... C108 / W611 - ' / / // . y! v‘.“ m. 1%? “u... ..,---- «04515 J’treet. ’1 2%? é//////////////§/////// d...o....tot-~q‘oo‘nmngt' Tamar 11557;? in Mai-in e S {flare 1 wizégny . » coo n . . . .0... .c . , ‘oogooui. . ocoo.mo.o . t. qwov...hvac.:o « fume. Mimrries - ' ' l W I 1 ‘ ‘ I TOTveerll - 3: l ladyam’ , 2 [{Wmll’enxlfley‘ 3 Hué‘amaunf ' 4 deji/uad awn“ ' fifififim w 6712th 111 r11 ///,/ A ‘ ,Y/ ma / ///'/// J ,t' ‘ 4 A 1‘ A m \ ‘ \ ~. {27* ‘14’317: W f @wflLTbmn: MW: TOWERHILL- 1: \ g 3 A ' .1 7079/” 70' on...,/./.,//..., u. ‘. .kw‘ Ziggy/é: .4 \ J/zJJcoVi/‘(bvurt' Cy far/643% ._ Ell/cfffi'cél‘ A ,...¥..rt < iv!§.§h3.1. y) I that» / / y/ a” .7 feet y an r; f7 jag/Elia ”HZ/4% H ////////,III aaE , Ziézéé ‘ o/ don 7/?sz1 L. a 1721: Zl’az'tzlzr 6'0 art 6 fzflzye tv 3 [fly J'tomw’ Jammy v ¢ 7"07- A??? i z \\ why/1.. w WW .P/l’V/‘fl‘T/Nt/M I7 5 ( Zr V mmuMHHHm~ nlflllllllllllllmllhhh Z’aéliyé'd 6100071275724 to (for , 4,...“ M "“5, fay/e (3/? 94171139 {0 ”Ma-flu” palfirq/‘t/wflmerfliéérly .. WM“, ., . \1" h‘ :2 / W?" 452 Tower (I ‘ Faytora’firz 4 YUM” . .. Wpll, 1 w\‘ WTMe/r ‘ ,- g‘ zfifitw'nfimor “y 0 ifiéflfint 9. 7‘ 51:”)qu Tower “'3'; I z/Tzzizzufélzawzolginjflr _‘ I’TAom J ig- P ’l-m" a“ ‘n w T! 10 ll 1 a i’ ,i-g Mmflrnzo r1 & a» / ‘ I :v'f l r t t 4 tr 4 Zlmmfiamj fléqr. , ' I I . ,, Afr/v ; “’9‘ :fx~__ .L l 1} "i J i F 147‘7'072751386? ,. P ,0 I 8 Can/$45141“ ,miy dramas" to flu; \ .6 nmzermy u 2; T/lezggzamgg .3 24/13 3.4/1 1me b / O Bron T/ze L your Tmber in/z'n 75W: ; 5 ,‘v "I 57 -/4/ar_tzn:13mgtzi :15” , I ,‘x V Y 5- 1a- 1 If“ Chap. XV. Point: of Controtterfir hetween the City and Lieute- nant of the Tower, and other Ofieer: there, as yet remaining undecided. Tower of London. _ The Liherties‘. Mayor and Commonalt of London di - ' ' the Pof’tern ; and providZd Locks and Kleylrfpfgdi: 1t, and fcowered the Ditch there, to their great Charge. That it was called fometimes Pojterna apudTarrim; fometimesjuxta T urrim, and, {ome— times, the Pof’cern in the Tower-ditch. Item, That they appointed Keepers of it, [the 71 G.Ho/me.rDe- I. Imprimis, It is faid for the City, That the puty Keeper .Pof’tern—Gate, in the End of London Wall, near “the Tm" the Tower of London, is the City’s: And that Recmds' the Houfes built upon, and near unto the faid Wall and Pof’cern, are the City’s, and were all built by the City: And that the City had, and ought to have the Profit and Jurifdiéfion there4 of. Wherein the'City is difturbed by Mr. Liens tenant. . 2. Item, That all the void Ground, within the Poftern-Gate of London Wall, near the Tower of London, viz. the whole Hill and GroUnd where the Scaffold f’candeth for Execution of Traitors, and where the Sheriffs of London receive Prifon- ers from the Tower to be executed, from which Place, the Bound-Stone is removed by Mr. Lientenant’s Command, with the Watergate, and the Gardens under London Wall, and certain Houfes and Sheds built upon the Soil there, are the City’s, and within the Liberties and Freedom of the City of London, and within the Parifh of St. Alhallows Barkin, in the Ward of the Tower of London ; and fo, Time out of Mind, hath been, and, of Right, ought to be. And that the City hath had, and ought to have, the Jurifdiétion thereof. Wherein they are likewife ' difturbed by Mr. Lieutenant. . 3. Item, That the whole Ground and Soil, called the T ower-Hiii, without the Pof’tern-Gate, being Parcel of Ea/t—Smithfieid, is the City’s, and within the Liberties, Suburbs, and Free- dom of the City: And that the City hath had, and ought to have, the Profits and Jurifdiéfion thereof. Wherein they are likewife difturbed by Mr. Lieutenant. 4. Item, Where Mr. Eientenant holdeth Plea in the Court of the Tower, for all Matters of Debt, Trefpaffes, {9%. be the fame never f0 great, the Truth is, that that Court is only a Court Baron, "and no Court of Record : And no Plea ought there to be holden for any other Matter, than‘ may ordinarily be holden in the Court Baron at the Common Law. ' 5. Item, There are Exaétions unjul’tly required and taken of Viétuallers, bringing Viétuals, F u- el, and other Things by Water to the City; which are taken by the Officers of the Tower, in the Name of Prizage, directly contrary to the Liberties. of the City, granted by her Ma- jefty’s ProgenitOrs, and confirmed by her Ma- : eff . J 6y. Item, There are Exaétions unjuftly required and taken atthe common'Watergate, near the Tower, of Citizens and others bringing Joiners Ware, and other Stuff over the Water, from Soathwarh, and other Places; which was ever ' wont to be free, and no fuch Exaétions ufed to be taken there. . 7. Item, There areother Exaftions alfo demand- ed, and taken of Poor and others, for Drying of Cloaths, Whiting of Cloths, and fuch-like, both within and without London Walls; which was alfo wont to be free, and no fuch Exaé‘tions ufed to be taken. There was another Paper, intitled, ABrief Note or Ahflratt of Proofs, on the Part of the Mayor,‘ Commonalty, and Citizens of Lon- don, touching the Difiierenees hetween the Lien- tenant and them. The Contents whereof were thefe : r. Concerning the Pof’tern. It appears by di- ..vers Accounts, beginning Anna 32 Edward I, and fo continuing till Anne 7 Henry VIII, That the . NUMB. VII. Pof’tern-Gate] as all other Gates of the City; and, in Time of Danger, appointed Men to guard it. And they fometimes gave Charge to thefe Keepers, that they fuffered not leprous Per-‘ fons to enter into it, viz. 5Edward II, and I9 Edward III. ‘ In the 29th of Henry VIII, there was made a Prefentment by the Wardmote Inquefl: of Lon- don, That the Dwellers there were common Bawds; and that they lodged fufpicio'us Per- fons ; ufing thefe Words, The Po/tern within our Ward. . p The Lieutenant of the Tower, in Anfwer to this, faid, That the Citizens had a Poftern, but, it was not this now in @efiion, but a Pof’tern in another Place, further to the North in London- Wall. To which the City replied, That, by all Proofs, the Pof’tern which the'City had, muf’t be a Place of Building and Habitation: But the. fuppofed Place never was but a Bulwark of Stone; which, fome few Years paf’c, was taken down, as was tef’tified by Witneffes. Again, the Pof’tern which the City had, muff be a Place of common Paffage in and out of the City; which the fuppofed Pof’cern never was, nor never could be. For it was an Entry into the Bul- wark now decayed. And the great T ower-diteh lieth along to it: Which could be. no Paffage, nor never was, by Bridge or otherwife. Alfo, it muff be at the Tower—ditch, as the E- vidence doth plainly make appear, which the {up- pofed Place is not. Moreover, Mr. Lieutenant did make no'Proof for the Pof’cern, but only fince King Edward IV’th’s Time; and that only a Proof of Pofi'ef— fion, viz. That they have leafed it, and held_ ever fince. Whereas, indeed, the Controverfy hath been as old between the City and them at the leaf’c. And therefore their Pofl'eflion no " quiet Pofl'cflion. And f0 great and old an Ad» verfary, as the Lieutenant of the Tower, being in Poffeliion, is not eafily gotten out; cfpecially lhadowing himf'elf under Colour of defending the @een’s Right. 2. Touching the Soil of the Tower-Hill, both The Soil of within and without the Pof’tern. . That it was proved in the City’s Behalf from Time to Time. They have amended the Way on the Hill within the Pof’tern,‘ and credited and amended the Scaffold, Gallows, and the Gibbets there. And, when fome other Perfons, Anna 8 Ed. IV, ereéted Gallows there, the King, by his Proclamation, difclaimed in it, and commanded it fhould not be taken in Derogation of the F ran- . chifes, Liberties, and Privileges of the City.. That it was not until the 6th of Ed. IV, they did leafe Gardens here, and received Rents for‘ the fame. That, in that Year of King Edward IV, they granted the (been certain Grounds at T ower—Hiil, near the Poflern, to build a Chapel upon; and, from thence, the Rents of the. C1- ty’s Gardens ceafed ,1 and the (Lueen’s MaJef’ty holdeth the Grounds to this Day. That Prefentments have been made before the Coroner ,of London, touching the Death of Men on Tower-Hit], and in the T ower-Diteh,‘ naming each Place in fome Parifh in London. That the Parifhioners of Bar/tin in the Tower Ward, London, had ufed,4in their Perambulation, to compafs T ower-Hill within the Pof’cern. _ That the Sheriffs of London have ufually re- ceived Prifoners out of the Tower, at a Stone T near ToweraHiII. :72 Where the Figural/ing- Ofite now [lands . * When this Controverfy was in Hand, » which was in Q\ueen Eli- faheth's Reign. The Mark- hone. Tower of London. neat? Outerga‘te or Bulwark. At which Place the Liberties of the City reached; but, by Order of ~forn‘e of the Lieutenants of the Tower, that Stone . was taken away. That, touching the Tower-Hill without the Pofiern, it appeared, in 19 Ed. II, that the City was at Charge to make a Ditch there at the Po- iiern. That, in the 13th of Richard II, the Mayor, Commonalty, and Citizens, fold to the Abbot of Grace’s, which is atthe furtheft Part of the [aid T ower‘I-Iill toward the Eaft, two waite Pietes of Ground, lying on T ower-Hill, on the weft Part of the Abbey. That divers ancient Pre- fentments had been made, within London, of En- croachments committed in that Place, in the 2 ill of Henry VII, and in the 21ft and 22d of Henry VIII. That the Watering—place, at the End of the T other—Ditch next to the Pofiern was de- feétive for Want of Rails, and that the Repa- ration belonged to the Chamber of London. It appeared by ancient Accounts, that the T other-Ditch, without the Poltern, and cera rain Vaults and Sewers near the Pofiern, were cleanfed at the Charge of the City. And that, at this Day,~ and * Time out of Mind, the Ci- ty held and leafed out divers Gardens lying up- on the Pofltern, where Houfcs were then lately built. 3. Touching the Watergate. In the 3d of Ed— ward IV, it was by an Aft of Common-Coun- cil appointed to be one of the Places where Ruih Boats ihould be brought for Sale of Rulhes. The fame Watergate, and the Places nearjoin— ing to it, had, from Time to Time, been paved at the Charge of the City. Now, to underi’tand the Pleas on both Sides, here fhall follow The Lieutenant of the Tower’s A’nfwer to the City’s Brettiate. That the City, by their firi’t Article, chal- lenged a Poitern fituate, as in their own Re- cords is fpecified, fometimes juxta, fometimes prope, fometimes apud T urrim. Which proveth, that the Precinct of the Tower Liberty fhould ex— tend to the Poitern ; but ailigned no certain Place where the i‘aid Poftern was feared. That the fecond and third Articles made no— thing to their Title. For that they made no di- rect Proof where that Poi’tern f’tood, other than the Poi’tern defcribed in their ancient Map; which is moi’t probable to be the Poftem, where- unto they did make their Challenge. Their Prefentments in Wardmote: can give them no Title to the Qieen’s Soil.- It is not confefl‘ed, that the City had a Poitern near the Poltern now in Chlef’tion : And it is ab- folutely denied, that any Poi’tern Ihould be a common PaiTage; but, in the right Nature, ought to be as a fmall Sally only, to view the outward Part of the Wall and the Ditch; or for fome privy Way or Pafl‘age along the Ditch in Time of Danger. To all their Allegations it is replied, that their Proofs, being only out of their own Manufcripts and Memorials, are not of Force fufficient to dif- inheritany Subject of his juil Puffefiion and Ti— tle, much lefs her Majei’ty. As for the Mark-hone, where the Sheriff ufed to receive the Prifoner, thus it is anfwered, The Stone where they would infer to be the City Boundary, was no Bound-fiche, but a loofe Stone. And the Boundaries of London had al~ ways the City Arms, or other Mark fet on them, which this had not, neither could have, being fo fmall. Their fee’d Chronicler, Mr. Stow, in fetting out the Boundaries of the Liberty of Cree Church The Lihrties. . Book I . within flldgate, lately fold by the Lord T homa: Howard to the City, doth abuttal it thus, ‘viz. From Aldgate unto the Gate of the Bailzfift of the Tower, called Congate, and all the Lane called Chick—Lane, &c. by this appeareth, that the Tower had a Pof’tern and 3. Gate next unto Ea/t- Smithfield. Which can be no other but the Tower Poitern, now in her Majel’ty’s Poli'eflion. ‘ In the 9th of Ed. 11, the Mayor of London, The King’s j‘ohn Giforr, and Citizens, fubmit themfelves to Mudwall by the King’s Pleafure, for breaking down the the Tm”- King’s Mudwall, over-againf’t the outward Part of the King’s Tower. And, in the 10th Year of my; Ln, A; the [aid King, they paid a Fine of a thoufand Fol. I 5. b. Marks for the Offence, and repaired the Wall. For Herbage of the Place without the Tower, Herbage there was anfwered unto the King upon an Ac- With“ the count, in the 16th of Ed. II, for one Year, gs. 6d. 73W" And, in the 29th of Ed. II, Pro Herhagio unius placee extra Pojlernam ‘veterem, v Sol. 2'. e. For Herbage of a Place without the old Poi’tern, five Shillings. De fireatz’one pellinm in Eaf’t-Smithfield, nichil Ea/l-Snu'th- hoe anno, de eo quad, propier perturbationem hominum field- Civitati: eommotam, niehil inde let/ari potuerit, i. e. Concerning Drying Pells in Eajt—Smithfield, no- thing this Year; for nothing could be levied thence, by Reafon of aDiPturbance raifed by the Citizens. . ' Anna 20 Ed. II. ufque ad annum primum Ed. III. xi. li. . De Herhagio placer? extra Pojternam, fen de pellit husfieeandis fuper placea: in Eaft-Smithfleld extra portam ejnfdem turrir, non refinand. temp. predifi. Anno 2 Ed. III. xi 1. The Free—chapel of St. Mary Grace’s is abut- tailed, by Record, to lie next the Tower of Lon-v don, 25 Ed. III, 36 Hen. III. The Kihg granted, to the Abbot of Si. Mary Grace’s junta T urrim, all his Tenements in the Pariih of St. Botolph’s without Aldgate, between the Place called The T ower-Hill and Eajt-Smith» field, on the north Part, and a green Place of the King’s Land there, on the Tomb Part, 36 Ed. III. The King granted to the Matter, Brothers, and Chaplain, and Siflers, of St. Catharine’s, that they, for ever, Ihould have one Fair upon Fair on Tm. T ower—Hill, over-againi’t the Abbey of Grace’s, up— "-3511. on the King’s Ground, in all Places thereof, 20 ' Henry VI. It was prefented by the Inquel’t, {worn before Bounds 9f the Sir Anthony Kynge/lon, Kn’t. High Coni’table of Tm'e’kL‘b‘g' the Tower, that the King’s Ground and Liberty K’qggflenny of the Tower did begin at the Watergate. next Hen. v’m. the Ramfiead in Petty-Wales; and fo firetched north, unto a Mud-wall called Pyhe’s Garden, now being Ralph yohnfon’s, on this Side the Crutched—Friars; and f0, firaight eai’t, unto the Wall of London, with nine Gardens above the Pof’tern, and above the broken Tower, right unto the midi’t of Hog-Lane End; and fo {traight unto the Thames. And f0 fix. Feet without the Stairs, at the Eaf’c-gate of the Tower, towards St. Catharine’s, 27 Henry VIII. By all which it appears, that the Precinct of Precinn of the Tower begins at the T ower—dorh, and extends the 70W”- unto the End of T ower-jtreet 3 and f0 is defcribed to lie junta Barking Church on the weft Side; juxta Cruiehed-Friars on the North; junta St. St. diary Grace’s. ,Mary Grace’s and St. Catharine’s on the Eafl'. junta can have no other Confiruétion but con— junt’t’im; fo as there cannot be any Thing inter- pofitum, i. e. put between. And therefore Lon- don is fecluded to have any Soil or Liberty be- tween Barking Church, and Crutched—Friarr, St. Mary Grace’s, and St. Catharine’s. Add this concerning the Extent of. theMayor and City‘s Cognizance of Crimes done herea- bouts, 1/ ‘33 2‘72 ,- , xxx * i ‘IHVJ 7 I :7 / MwWW ‘ xi .CATHERIN % ' 2 / , §f fmm/ lutfurz/‘f/ é? ..... .// 202222222222 ///22//2/222/ / H / O : :21/2'2/2 2 . Cam/W 1 ..... 2 22 2,, // 22 , z _ \ '12:“:5‘92’37/ / 2 1/ 27/4/2222 (2/ , ~22 A»; 2 . /22,// 2/ 2 ' J36 2/2/2222» 2 w j ,3'71/éz7t; flame z/mvc/ a,_ RM: and [1171/1/21 Court j'JfiszZ Alley 4. Etc.“ Rmtr 4* 1?. axe/nary Emmi 211/: ~ “$217132, / . WMWW / // // , ,2; 7/’ ~/'/7’7/7 7’, 22,, 177/773 ’7 2m 7 77, 7 ,/ fl” /’7 7/2/ 2, , 1 8 fiabwfrm 21152 2 - Rf V , ‘ //% , 2/ 122,422 wc . 23,2" 2 WWW“ 22 2 ;, 7322/ 4/7/7722 7/2 1V ‘2‘? O _ fl flfflplfl tarrAlley : 1 4 ,, 2 - L' 1 g :2 72717172717 ' 1’37 22 57/4/22 777/2/ ' a 7 7/4/7/7/77777M2'7/fl/l77 : 7 7 . . m. 22 922 . “2-. (2/1 , / 7/72/2 / ///" 77/7" 7 ' 24 131222 22222222311122 1 Z, 2-2: . i i .2 , E 22/7/2/7/ 2 ’17" 7772/77 “’7’ /MW2/2\/b// 7777777 /7///7 77777777777777 7 7-6 5;. git/232775222 ‘ 77 1///2/ 7 7/7/7/ 2 777777 7 7/7/7/ 7777/2/77 ‘ '77 ,. ”cwmwm 2. 2§>77 7 22%///fl ”M/7 /” 77/////“/W@/7//77 22 / ;/// / 2/ 2/ / //\ " ;%/222/I‘// 717/2721: ~ 17/ 3., W , // // ,727, , / // I 277 $ 0'77 7 2 .2 2 2/2/77 2232/ ////I”/////2 2. - 3 ”47/" /" //’//'-7/ 7 7 1/ . W7 77 22/, 77/777,... '15‘27'2"77 72 7 _ - 7/////2'~.'li'-:'-i}:‘7;"t 7 7 - ,. 4 j,- ‘Z/ 21/ I '2 "M7797 ////// 2/22/2/2/22/2/2/2/2 '2/27////////////// 72 HI 2 .22. // ,2/ , //®7 7777/2 / .119 Cock 111632 ,1 ' / / ' 20 Dave Court x ’ 2.1 Warn/17¢]; Court :22 Caqcrxflfaurt/ ., 13 Median/Court 7.7242 .3147}; lit/rm: 1/4221 _ 2; j'ckldr flan; '2 2/ /, , H. 10° 41/411127” Cock All: I ,, ,, ’2 . ///// 22/27 7.7/7" ///"4‘//// :/M// // ’I/ I I] 4 W%/l/M// 2-. , 7F -; 49312 , / 2 26 Jam/21111752, / % ’7 2'7 Jhatlzitfllley ’23 21222222211222, 2,; 73713717215 Court 30 u’ltgql Court 3/. Rfiyu’bad Court .' ’ 32. Julll’tZ/czrd 35 11/17/0Mme jar/Z 7 ._ 34, 3142222212222 Rem , 7 \'\_ 35 “Wit/b: flame arcl ' 7 : ' \ 7 7 ’ ‘7 77 » 3f Com/slim 61/47/221 _‘ \\\§ :7 2’ . . ,2 7‘4 77- /:2f,fii , 2/2 / W ////2/227/%2/h/2 WW/MW/ 22/22/2222:] . / ’” 77 - 1’7 77 7" 77 / 1/ 2 2 //,,, ‘7’7 K 7 / 2’ /' 2/2”” %////'"2122////12123/fl/Mfl/ // ;'/ 77/ 21/21/22222/ / 2/22 / w 7777/7/7/7/fi/7/2W7/77/1 .* / 2/ 2 /2 #72517: 7 H r; ‘2'" 7,7, . ///// // 227v / // 4,727 2 2 , 2 2, // /,/ 21/ // , _ 37 141221.716:er yard .t /‘/'.//"//////17 ,, ,2 . . _- 3°77 57’“ 7?” W42 x . ; : ~ ////77 777me ,, , 22222112772777“1222/22/22/22/2/2/22/2/22? 3/ 22222.22 24¢ 57 232/2022cau22 2- : \ “ % 2222222222222 #22222/22/42/22 my: . 22 13mm 22222 21 22222222222 : - :, 2222/92222222222222'"2/22/2222 ,/ C , 4) Tzllmjylam: ‘ 7 . ‘52) Hand anilzatchzt Alley i‘; x 2/12 2222/1/22 “mug -' .7 l ' 42 7717225 Court/7 in Black w‘il/Mtcflllcf _ $1?\ 77wfiw77777 2/222 ' "" 4-3 Jig-2222222 (2222211252221 | 61 5222222211122 1. Q .. «cm/2. , 44 Cock mzclfiull Jillgu ,2626212/2222222r2rab W77 2 45 6111112 fllley _ €5Jlllmjzrd ‘ ix 91:1: _ 1“ - , — E 7 7 M/Wmmww 232222~ \xgx:pxrew ; 4.7 J'.‘ Caller/L721“ Lana 6‘515'ark17nflaJ/lg/ ,, ,‘77 _ \‘Q§\\\\ 753:: 1:1 :7 2 437 IanZtnyJ‘ Jim/.2- ‘ :17 ‘ _ \ \7??\‘\7{ ‘\; 7? {L _ -\\\\‘ i ‘ 21 131/ Jill/2 " ., ' ~ ' , “\7<2>;:x:?“-: ‘ ~ :\ .30 12252222521222, ' , - ' PART 0 , \\?‘;\ ;> :1: 7‘ .57 Leze Caz/rt? - 77 ‘ ' \\\\\§x\ \ ‘ 52. Queen Cour]; - ' - \ ‘> ' 5} 27121772224 1.” Wfidl" e . '7 T 7 :2 , J Ilr ( J4 glen/[cfriégruflley _. ‘ ’ - 0 UTH J‘fiR‘KZ/ 51 14/1/0111“ curb ' _ . If 5% Whale/”w yami ‘ . \ . , 2 . 2 L_ 757041 61.0 : .5270 Fg'ete \ £770me cwcorclcyzo 74075 WfldW/ 773’ 4f. A. fwwjvw [fa/wxgj ‘ 2 2 222..-: 2 .2.” g “-2.“ :wa. w“ .Vcdgaaim. “-—--~A-.“w.2.‘i‘m.w4 , ”WW: , 2.1. c .1 w. aw“: . ,r ,. St. Peter‘s Church in the Tower. The Parilh of . XV. abouts, that there is a Roll in the Tower Re- cords, rvzz. That Tranfgreffions done infra Por- tam cxteriorem, i. e. beneath the outer Gate of the Tower, be not drawn before the Mayor and , Sheriffs of London. Pro PI/illz'tno. Finchinfela’. But now to look within the Tower; the firi’t Place that, with Deference to holy Things, is to be regarded, is the Church ; the Place appropri- ated for the'Inhabitants of the Tower and Liber- ties to refort to for Divine Worfliip. The Tower is a Parifh of itfelf, and the Church St. Peter’s in is called St. Peter’s ad Vincula within the Tower. the Tower. The Tithes. Pat. 8. Hen. V. m. 5. It had a Rector and Chaplains. What this Church was in former Time. And it is faid fometimes to be the Reétory, fometimes the Chapelry of St. Peter’s. The Bounds are all the Compafs of the Tower, and it hath fome Territories without, as Little T ower— Hill ; which was therefore called The King’s Soil of Little Tower-Hill; adjoining to which was a Place called The King’s Wa/t‘e of Rofemary—Lane or Hog-Lane. But what are the Boundaries of the Pariih, and of the Tower, hath been an old Controverfy, between the Magii’trates of the Ci— ty, and the Officers of the Tower. The ancient Tithes and Benefits, belonging to the Reétor of this Church, appear, in Part, by an old Re- cord, 8 Hen. V. Pro j‘oanne Salmonhy Reflore Ca- pelle in T urre, 8c. whereby is granted to him 605. Rent, and the Appurtenances in Candlewick- Street, London, for and towards his Subliftance 38s. 8d. for that Tenement on T ower-Hill and Little Wales, 58 3. per flnnum; from the Hofpital of St. Catharine’s, Io Marks per Annum, paid by the Confiable of the Tower; and 203. per Annuni of his good Will; 135. per flnnum from the Mafier of the 'Mint ; and of every Ar: tificer and Stipendary a certain Tithe, out of their Wages and Stipends. This Church is com- monly called St. Peter’s, in the Tower, and an- ciently called The Free Chapel of St. Peter’s in the Tower. The Incumbent of it was called the Reé‘tor of St. Peter’s. Several Chaplains alfo be- longed to it, to perform facred Offices. All which were prefented by the King. Thus, in-zr Ed. IV, the Reétory was granted to William Fitz—Herbert, Clerk, by Patent for Term of his Life. King Edward III. feems to have been the Founder. For it appears, by the Tower Redords, that, in the 28th of his Reign, for the Refitor and three Chaplains, there ap— pointed by the King, he granted certain Rents, at a certain Cuftom of Stabotes or Stalbotes, which were a kind of Fifher-Boats. And, two Years after, to wit, in the 30th of his Reign, he added two Chaplains more. And, for the Maintenance of the Reétor, and five Chaplains of this St. Peter’s, there were granted by the King certain Allowances to be paid for fome Tenements in London, and at T ower-Hill and Petty l/Vales. And, moreover, Fees of the Con- Ptable, and of the Officers, and of the Money- ers. And, in the 36th of the fame King Ed- ward, the Founder, he granted a Chaplainfhip: Conczfl: Tho. de 0. unantperpetuant Capellaniantflfue Cantariam, i. e. “ To Thomas de 0. one perpe- “ tual Chaplainfhip or Chantry in the Chapel “ there.” And, lafily, I find, 27 Hen. VI, a a Confirmation of the King’s Grants and Dona— tions to the Rector there. This Church, no doubt, was formerly very large and fpacious, fince the Kings ufed to re— air hither fometimes to their Devotions. In Henry IIId’s Time, here were Stalls for, the King and (been : And it had two Chancels belonging to it, viz. the Chancel of St. Peter, and another Chancel, of which St. Mary was Tutelary. It was adorned alfo with Mary and her Shrine, and with the Images of St. Peter, St. Nicholas, and St. Catharine. This, and more, we learn from a Letter mandatory of the King to the Keeper 3 Tower of London. St. Peter’s. of the Tower Works, in the '2 th of ' Annex-241, for the Repair and further 2132351111,- of this Church : Which ran to this Tenor : g Rex etfdetn [Cuftodihns Oper‘a-tionis T urris] Salu— tem. Pracz'punus vohis quod Cancelktnt heate Maria tn Ecclefla Sanfli Petri infra Balliuln Turris no/tra London,- 8 Cancellutn heati Petri in eadent Ecclefl C93 ah zntroitu Cancelli heati Petri ufoue ad flbatiunt iiij Pedant ultra- Stallos ad opus noflruni 69° Regina nof— the 272 cadetn Ecclefla fattos, hene {9° decenter lam- hrufcarz faciatis, £9” eofdem Stallos depingi. Et Mariolam cum fuo T ahernaculo, £5 Tmagines heaa toruni Petri, Nicolai, {9° Katherinx, {9’ T rahem ultra Altare Beati Petri, {9° parvum patihulum cum fuzs Tmaginihus denovo colorari, £9” honis colorihus rcfrtfcari. Et fieri faciatis guandem Tntaginenz de’ Santto Chriftophoro tenentenz £9” portantem :7efunt, uhi mel'ius {9° decentius fieri pote/l ; {9’ depingi in preditt‘a Eccle ta. Et fieri faciatis duas T ahulas pul— chras, {<3 de opt. Colorihus, €97 de Hi/toriis heatorum Nichi. {9° Katherinze depingi ante Altaria dittorum Sant't'orum, in eadem Eccle ta; 53° duos Cherumhinos ftantes a dextris {9’ a flni/tris magni patihuli pulchros fieri faciatis in preditt'. Ecclefla cunt hyllari ‘vultu 59" , jocofo : Et preterea unum Fontenz Marnioreutn cum Columpnis Marmoreis hene 63’ decenter infci ts. Et Cu/tunt, {9%. utfupra. [Sci]. Quad ad hoc pofue- ritis per uifum 53’ teflintonium legaliunt hominum, computahitur ‘vohis ad Seaman] Te/le, ut fupra [Sci1.Rege up. W'indles. x° die Decembr.] To this Senfe in Englt/h; ‘ The King to the Keepers of the Tower Work. 73 For the Re- pair of St. Peter's. Liherat, 25 Hen. III. oz. 20. 1 G. Holmes. ‘ fendeth Greeting. We command you to brulh , ‘ or plaif’ter with Lime, well and deCently, the ‘ Chancel of St. Mary, in the Church of St. Pe- ‘ ter within the Bailiffwic of our Tower of L071! ‘ den, and the Chancel of St. Peter in the fame ‘ Church -, and from the Entrance of the Chane ‘ cel of St. Peter, to the Space of four Feet be.-; ‘ yond, the Stalls made for our own and our ‘ Qieen’s Ufe in the fame Church; and the fame ‘ Stalls to be painted; and the little Mary, with ‘ her Shrine, and the Images of St. Peter, St. ‘ Nicholas and Catharine, and the Beam beyond ‘ the Altar of St. Peter, and the little Crofs, with ‘ its Images, [i. e. of Chrijt, 7ohn, and .Mary] ‘ to be coloured anew, and to be refrefhed with ‘ good Colours. And that ye caufe to be made. ‘ a certain Image of St. Chri/lopher, holding and ‘ carrying 7efus, where it may, belt and molt ‘ conveniently be done, and painted in the a: ‘ forefaid Church. And that ye caufe two fair ‘ Tables to be made, and to be painted of the ‘ belt Colours, concerning the Stories of the ‘ BlelTed Nicholas and Catharine, before the A19 ‘ tars of the faid Saints in the fame, Church. ‘ And that ye caufe to be made two fair Che-. ‘ rubins with a chearful and joyful Countenance, ‘ f’tanding on the Right and Left of the great ‘ Crofs in the faid Churcht And, moreover, ‘ one marble Font with marble Pillars, well and ‘ handfomely wrought. And the Cof’t that for ‘ this you {hall be at, by the View and WitnEfsv C of liege Men, {hall be reckoned to you at the Exchequer. Witnefs the King at Mndfor, the ‘ 10th Day‘ of Decemher.’ Monuments in this ' Tower. In the Chancel a very f’cately Monument of the Blounts; the one of Sir Richard Blount, the other of Sir .Michael, Son of the {aid Richard; both fucceflively Lieutenants of the Tower. 811‘ Richard died I I, Aug. ‘ I 564. And Dame Mary, Wife of Sir [Michael Blount, one of the Coheirs of Thomas Moor of Btflter, deceafcd, DEC- 23, I592 Who lies here alfo interred.» Sir .dlan zip/1y, Lieutenant of the Tail/”$113: Church of St. Peter’s in the Monumentsin’ Sr.~ Peter’s. :7. s. 74- R we: Mailer Gunner of England. St. yohn's Chapel in the White Tower. Tower of London. The Conflahle. _ Book I. Viétualler of his [Majefiy’s‘Navy, departed, 24 May, 1630. ' , Againl’t a Pillar before the Pulpit, a Monu- ment for Sir Iona: More, Kt. Surveyor of the Ordnance to King Charles the Second. A very learned Man in Mechanics, Navigation, Ma- thematics, and Altronomy. Dyed, 27 Aug. 16 . Eligraven Stones on the Pavement, for France: Wife of l/Villiam Povey, Gent. and Daughter of Edward Sherhorn, Efq; Clerk of the Ordnance. She deceafed, 22 Oil. 1669. john flgger, Yeoman, Warder of the Tower 3 3 Years, 20 jun. 1640. Cohhanz Dover, late of Dover, Mariner, 20 Aug. I 608. T alhot Edwards, late Keeper of his Majefiy’s Regalia, 30. Sept. 1674. Aged 80. ' On the north Wall is a Monument erected in Memory of Captain Valentine Pyner, Mailer Gun~ ner of England, fecond Son of George Pyne: of Curry Mallet, in the County of Somerfet, Gent. NVho, following the F‘ootiteps of his Father in Loyalty and Obedience to his Sovereign, trailed a Pike under the Command of his faid Father in the Eitpedition at Cadiz, in the Year 162 5, and in the Year 1627, in the Expedition of the Ifle of Rhee. After that he took himfelf to his Ma- jelly’s Fleet ; where he ferved at Sea till the late unhappy Rebellion, and, during that Rebellion, in .his late Majel’ty’s Service at Land. After whofe Death he voluntarily followed the Command of Prince Rupert for the Space of I 5 Years, both in his Expedition at Sea, and in the Wars of Germa- 12y, till his now Majef’ty’s happy Refioration ; fince which Time, he commanded fome of his Majefiy’s Ships in the firf’t War againf’t the Dutch: And, in Recompence of his faithful Service, his Majefiy was gracioufly pleafed to ele'él: him Ma- fier Gunner of England. In which Capacity he departed this Life, which he led fingle, the laf’t Day of flpril, Anno Dom. 1677, in the 28th Year of his Majei’ty’s Reign. Aged 74. Years. . Inf’tead of Columns on each Side of this Monu- ment are the Figures of two great Guns erected. And, underneath, the Reprefentation of a Ship in the Sea under Sail. But there is another more antient than any before'mentioned, viz. of Cholmondley, fometime Lieutenant of the Tower in the Time of King Henry the Seventh, and his Wife’s. His Figure is in Armour; and bath a Collar gilded which feems to' be a Collar of SS, about his Neck, and a Rofe hanging before. Upon the Edges of the Stone the Figure lies upon, is this Infcription : yacent Corpora Richardi Cholmondeley .Militir, {3’ Dominic Elifabethae conjugis flue. Qui ------- . Quo- rum aiahur Deu: propitietur. flmen. This Tomb Pcood formerly in the Middle of the Church, but hath been removed to the Side againf’t the north Wall. . There was lately a fair Monument erected, at the eaf’t End of the Chapel without, for PVilliam Bridges, Efq; Surveyor General of the Ordnance, the firl’t Year of King George. .Befides this Chapel or Church of St. Peter, there was another Chapel, which was that in the White Tower, of more private Ufe to the Kings and Qleens, when they refided in the Tower, This afcends by a great many Steps. It is dark- fome, and venerable for the Pillars, which are very antique, and of the plainef’c Order, and the Capitals of them dinerent. Now it is only ufed for repofiting the old Records, where they lie _in- Duf’c and Confufion: But, of late, the Houfe of Lords addrefled her late Majel’ty (Queen Anne, to give Order, that they may be carefullylooked over, and digelted in Order and preferved, being many of them of great Ufe and Behoof ; which the (keen accordingly took particular Care of, and committed the Management of the fame to that learned and worthy Antiquary, Will. Petyt, Efq; late Keeper of her Records. But in antient Times, when this Place was Order from made ufe of for a Chapel, Care was taken for the K. ”W? 3- Repairs thereof, as was for that of St. Peter’s. :3)” R2} And the fame King Henry the Third, in the fame P mg 0 l ' Year, Month, and Day, that he ordered the Re- pair of the {aid St. Peter’s, did the like for this Chapel of St. 7ohn’s; for that was the Saint it was dedicated to : As appears by this Record. Rex Cuflodihu: Operationi: T urrir London. Sal. Rot. Liherat. Precipimuk vohir, See. Where after Command W'- 25- H- 3- given for the amending the Leaden Gutters, and a fishes doing other Things needful for the great Tower, ' ' he proceeded to require them alfo to take Care of the Repair and Adorning of the Chapel there: Dealhari etiam faciatis totam Capellam Sanfii Jo~ hannis Evangelijlce in eadem T urrz'. Et fierifaciati: in eadem Capella tres fene/lra: vitreas, unam fcil. ex parte horeali cum quadam Mariola tenente pue~ rum fuum, reliquam in parte aujlrali [cum [ma . gine] de T rinitate; {9’ tertiam de Sandie Johanne flpo/lolo E5 Evangelijla in eadem parte auflrali. Et depingi faciati: patihulum 69’ T rahem ultra Altare ejufdem Capel. hené E9” honis colorihus. Et fieri ' faciatis 53’ depingi duos Tmagines pulchrar, uhi melius {9’ decentiu: fieri poflnt’ in eadem Capell. Unam de Santlo Edwardo tenente anulum, £9” donante 69’ ten- dente Soto. Johan. Evangelzfle, &c. That is : ‘ And that ye caufe the whole Chapel ‘ of St. 7ohn Evangelift in the faid Tower to be ‘ whited. And that ye caufe three Glafs Win- ‘ dows in the fame Chapel to be made ; to wit, ‘ one on the north Side, witha certain little Mary. ‘ holding her Child; the other on the fouth Part ‘ with the Image of the Trinity ; and the Third, ‘ of St. 7ohn the Apoftle and Evangelil’t on the ‘ fame fouth Part. And that ye caufe the Crofs ‘ and the Beam [i. e. the Rood] beyond the Altar ‘ of the fame Chapel, to be painted well and F with good Colours. And that ye caufe to be ‘ made and painted two fair Images, where more ‘ conveniently and decently they may be done in ‘ the fame Chapel, one of St. Edward holding ‘ a Ring, and giving and reaching it out to St. ‘ 7ohn Evangeliit, €9°c’. fignifying perhaps, there- by, that King to be the Founder of that Chapel; and this the Ceremony in thofe Days of the Dedi- cation of holy Places to the Saints. Of the Governor and principal Ofiicerr of the ‘ Tower. The firf’t and chief Officer of the Tower of Confiable of London is called the Conflable : Whofe Place is of the 7m”- high Honour and Reputation, as well as of great 3! S. Truft. Many Earls, and one a Duke, have been Conl’tables of the Tower. I fhall hot, nor perhaps is it poffible to fet down an exact Life of them, Who the four firl’c were, Stow hath left on Re- cord. I fhall add a few more, and particularly {hall preferve the Memory of two or three of later Times -, and the rather, having fomething to fay of them. There will be alfo intermixed other memorable Matters, as we pafs. Othowernr, Acolivillur, Otto, Godfrey Magnae ville, Earl of Eflx, fuccefiive Confiables in King Stephen’s Day. , Henry Fitz-Aucher, Confiable and Cuf’tos in the Reign of King Henry the Third. Othou, Coni’table Anna 1 263, in the fame King’s Reign. ' Sir j’ohn de Sandwilee : His Lieutenant was john do Blahehrohe, before whom j‘ohn Le Blount was {worn Mayor, 31. Edward III. fie/on Darcy, 70hn do Beauchamp, Rohert Le , Marlo, . 3 . Chap. XV. M'orle, Rickard La Vaobe, fllan de Bax/oil, and Sir T loo. Idarrieax: Thefe Six are mentioned in a Patent of King Richard II. 701m Holland, Duke of Exeter, Confiable in the Reigns of King Henry tire Fifth and King Henry the Sixth. R05”, 3% ' Robert Brakenoary, Efq; being a trui’ty Friend mom, An. ,Of‘ King Richard the T bird, was conf‘tituted Con- £34831; lléedfié‘ {table of the Tower in his firit Year, w‘z. 14.83, £32m: " where I obferve two Errors in Hiftorians. For both Stow in his Summary, and Barker in his Chronicle, name him Lieutenant, and the latter gives him the Title of Knight. Whereas I am well afrured by an Original Ledger Book of that King’s, that he had only the Clualification of Efq; and that he had the Office of Conitable conferred on him. For thus it is recorded, ‘ Ro- ‘ bert Bra/tenoary, Efq; hath the Office given him ‘ of Confiable of the Tower of London, for Term ‘ of Life. And, in another Place, Rooert Bra- " kenoary, Conf’table of the Tower with an 100 l. ‘ for Term of Life, to be perceived of the Re- Had other Offices in the fide Confiable, had other Offices in the faid Tower few" very beneficial, conferred on him by that King, to gratify and keep him tight and true to him : As the Office of Mafier and Operator of the Mo- nies, as it was called, and the Office of Keeper of the Exchange within the Tower of London during his Life. And, lafi'ly, the Office of keeping the Lions, with the Wages of 12 d. per Diem for himfelf; and for the Meat of every Lion and Leopard '6 d. by the Day. Befides thefe, he had the Office of Conftable of T anorz'dge Ca/tle in Kent, with ten Marks Fee, and the Stewardfhip of the Lordfhip of Ware, with the Fee of an 100 Shil— lings. He was alfo High Sheriff of Kent. More- over, to the fame Rolrert were granted the Manors of Mote Morden, Detbing, Newz’ngdon in Kent, and all other Lands, late the Earl Ri-vers’s, to the Va- lue of 26 l. I 3 s. 4. d. Yearly. And the Manors of Crawt/oory and Co/oerede, late 701m Cloeynes’s, Ro— bert Heins’s, and Humphrey C/oeynes’s, and all other Lands and Tenements in Ramney Mar/b, late the {aid j‘obn’s, Robert’s, and Humphrey’s, of the Va- lue of 50 l. 18 s. 9 (1. And the Manor of Glaf- mom, and all other Lands and Tenements in the Counties of Kent, Sarry, and Saflex, which were Walter Rooerts’s, to the Value of 4.0-1. - He amend“, A Matter happened to this Conftable fomewhat the Keys of rare, and feldom heard of. It was a Command the Celt“: {01‘ ifi'ued once from the King to him, to furrender one Mght' up the Keys of the Tower, which was in Efi'eét to give up all his Power, to Sir 7am: T yrrel, only for the Space of a Night, for the ordering of fome fpecial Matters there. Which was, in Truth, to murther the two young Princes, Edward and Rio/yard. Which the faid Conf’table, being pri- vately dealt with about the Bufinefs, honourably declined. But Tyrrel, a Man of a more profligate Confcience, undertook; and for that Purpofe was in a fort Conf‘table of the Tower for that black Night. To this Knight the King was alfo very bountiful, and conferred on him many Lands and Offices, if they could but have made his Mind eafy under the Weight of his Guilt. He had granted him the Office of Steward of the Lord {hips of Lanernt/aerry, Lant/oefant, and Port Wen- loke, &c. in IVales, and the Mare/oer, for Term of Life, with the Wages, Fees, (do. accuf’tomed; and to make Officers in the faid Offices under him. Likewife the Office of the Caf’tle of Dane dagel, within the Dutchy ofCornwaZ, during Life, with Wages and Fees. Alfo, to be Supervifor of the Caftle and of the Town of Gar/net in Pi- cardy, in the Abfence of the Lord Moantjoy. And allow me to add one Thing more, yobn Dig/non, one of the profiituted Villains that aetually lino- thered the Princes, was gratified with the Bailifhip Sir 7am. Tyr— e 5/. Tower of London: The Conflaéle. ‘ venues of Writtel, {do} This Brakenoary, be- . of‘dz’ton, in the Count of Sta ' ' , acczpftomed during Lit); ford, With W ages rakeneary, though he had the Conitablefhi T‘ . for Life, yet in the Year :58 5, that is, the fin}; oifigagof. Year of Henry VII, he was difeharged, and a No- “able- . bleman, the Earl of Oxford, fucceeded in that Honourable Charge. Under the next King, Henry VIII, Sir T toms Sir‘T/Lo; Level Love] was Confiable, SirEdmand WaMng/oam Lieu- Confiable, tenant. And afterward, in the Time when (been “F1 Slim!" Anne Boien was committed to the Tower, Sir ngflm' Wll‘z'am[dntbony rather] King/ton, was Conf‘table, according to Hailing/iced; In the Reign of King Edward VI, Sir fob}: Siry’or'm Gaga Gage, Knight, was Conl’table, a Man of great Confiablez I Qiality, fometime Comptroller of the Houfhold to King Henry VIII, afterward a Privy—Counfellor E Tbeim' to the fame Prince. In the Month of Ottober, MSS- I552, Were Articles and Ordinances eftablifhed by the King’s Majefty for Sir 701m Gage, Confia- ble of the Tower, and Sir Edward Warner, Lieu- tenant, and the Yeomen of‘ the Guard, with others appointed to give Attendance in the Tower of London, for the fure Keeping of the fame, to be obferved and kept upon Pains therein li~ mited. , I _ . But, t0ward the latterEnd of that Reign, he was difcharged by the Interefl: of the Great Duke of Nortlyanzeerland, who then did all, and Clinton, Earl of Lincoln, Lord Admiral, towards the very Earl of be- Conclufion of King Edward’s Life, was placed “0"” (30515“ there politickly by the'faid Duke, in the (Luality ble‘ of Conf’table, fuppofing him his affiired Friend and Creature, the better to bring to pafs the Pre; tenfions of jt’ane Grey to the Crown,- married to the faid Duke’s Son. But he was deceived ; for that Earl foon turned about for the Lady Mary, and made his former Mif’trefs, Qieen 7am, his Prifoner. And Qieen Mary, obtaining the Crown, put Sir yobn Gage into the Place of Conftable again. But fhe made Sir T ioonzas Bridget, Lord C/oandoz': foon after, Lieutenant of the Tower» Anna I 552, May 28, a Patent was granted to‘ Sir Edward Bray, Knight, of the Coni’rablefhip of the Tower, in Reverfion after the Death of Gage, by the annual Fee of too I, darante I/z'td. The Conf’table had many great Privileges Time His P'ritvi- ‘ out of Mind, due to him from the Ships of the legez‘lExr Re. Merchants of London, as is mentioned in an and 2mm 07$,“ cient Record, as of every Ship laden with Vv'ines kg, Roam-4 coming into the Port of London, one Flagon of IL Wine before the Mait, and another behind it : Of every Boat laden with Oifters, Mufcles, or C ockles, coming to the City, ana Manda, z'. e. One Maund [a certain Meafure] of every Boat laden Cirpz'e [feirpz'5, i. e. Bulrufhes] anam Braotz'eale :[21 e. as much as aMan could take up in his Arms] There belong alfo to him every Ship, Barge, or Boat, or any other VefTel whatfoever, that fhall be upon the Bank of the T Yoanzer, f‘traying between Gra‘vefend and London-Bridge, if no Perfon be found in the {aid Vefl'els. Every Swan or Cygnet which cometh or returneth upon the faid Banks in fwimming, from the {aid Bridge to Gravefind 3 every Beal’t that by Misfortune falleth into the Water of the " T names, f'wimming between the forefaid Bounds, without the Protec’tion bf any. And the Stalboats, which are wont to belong to the Coni’table, and, as yet, do belong, of which the Men of the City will not pay any thing, as they have accuftomed to do. . . -. _ But now, by reafon of certain Liberties and Klgueargfi. Franchifes granted of late by King Rickard {lee 31‘; 561;; 2. Second unto the Citizens, they refufed to allow gainfitne thefe Duties unto the Conftable. Whereupon the City. Conf’table, whofe Name was Sir T homo: Mara rz'eax, petitioned the faid King : Who. thereupon iffiled out his Proclamation, that, notwithitandlng the Privileges granted to his City, yet he required U thefe K. Rirba'rri's Letters to the h'layor of London to con - firm the Con- ttabie's Privi- leges. Ex Ro- 117/. "Clazg/i de .471”. 6 Reg. Regirs. waEr of Lender: ~ “The Cortflaé/e. there before-mentioned Privileges of the Confia- 2 ble tofiand, and be in Force. And'thiswas rati- [ fied by Parliament, as appears by thislnf’crument . taken from the Original : “ Nos de Avifamento 8c Afi‘enfu Praelato-v “ mm 82 aliorum Magnatum in Parliamento’ nofiro Supplicationi przediét. Coni‘tabularij: juxta Petitionem fuamgratiofe annuimus in. t n 6 h C I! hac parte. Et ideo vobis praecipimus, quod in- fra Civitatem praediét. 8: Suburbia ejufdem in locis ubi melius exPediens fuerit, ex parte nofira Bublicari, proclamari, 8: pronuntiari fa- ciatis, (mines & fingulas Libertates ‘8: F ranche- fias ad Caftrum nofirumprzedifium pertinentes -, & quod volumus quod dict. Caitrum nof’truin ‘Libertatibus 8: Franchefijs preediétis gaudeat & utatur in forma pradié‘c. Libertatibus 8: F ran- chefijs di&is Civibus & Communitati per nos concefiis non obfiantibus. Ipfiufq; Confiabu— “ larij Jura 8c Proficua hujufmodi ad diét. “ "Caitrum pertinentia, per fe vel Minii’tros fuos, -“ habere 8e percipere permittatis. Teite meipfo “ apud Weflmomfler. Vicefimo fecondo die No- “ vembr. Anno Regni noi‘tri‘nono.’ ‘ C a F $ 5 0 £ a ‘ n “‘6 cc a cc ‘6 ‘Per Petitionem eoneeflom per z'pfztm .Ram in Parliomettto. . Et erot Potent, C omtem‘t cum Reeordo. This was a fecond Infirument granted to Sir Thomas Murrz'eux, ratificatory of his Privileges, as Confiable of the Tower: Which was the Effeét of a Petition he made to the King and Parlia- ment, upon the Impeaching thereof by the City. The former Grant ofKing Richard II. to the faid Confiable was in the Sixth of his Reign, that is, three \Years before : And being an antient and va- luable Piece of Antiquity, and expreffive of the Privileges of old belonging to the chief Olficer of the Tower, and direc‘ted to the Mayor and Com— mons of the City, I fhall here fet it down at length, taken from an authentic Copy. “ Rielmrdm Dei Gratia Rex Anglia? 8: Frontier, “ 81: Dom. Hibernia), Majori 8e Vicecomitibus “» Londoh, Salutem. Qua, ut intelleximus, Con— “ 'fiabularij Turris noitrte London, a tempore -“ quo non extat Memoria ufq; ad Tempus jam SLtardp‘.e’lapfum-, 8c in fpeciali, yobtmnes Dare-y, “ 'fifebomzer de Bella Compo, Rooertus deMorlee, Ri- “ Portia: Lo Voclee, 8: Alarm: ole Bax/ail, quondani “' Confiabularij Turris praediflae Cuftumas, De- -“ naria &-Proficua infrafcripta de jure ad Turrim praedictam pertinentia per 1e & Miniftros fuos ~hab’uerunt, & pacificé perceperunt : Videlicet, de qtlolibet Batello Cirpis carcato duc’to ad “ Civitatem prxdift. tantam quantitatem cirpo- “7min fuper Wharnam dicta: Turris ponendam, “ quanta inter Brachia alicujus poterit contineri ; de quolibet Batello Oi‘treas, Mulculas, & Co- “ ’cleas ad Civitatem praediél‘. ducere confueto, u- “ nam Mandam inde fuper diéiam Wharnam po— ‘59; ne'ndam: De qualibet N avi Vinis carcataaBur- “1 degalgefeu alibi ufq; Civitatem prmdict. veniente, ?‘ unam Lagenam ante Malum 66 aliam retro Ma- €‘-~lurn : (Luamlibet Navem, Bargeam five Batel- R “blunt, feu aliud Vas, quod per Tempei’t‘atem 8e - “L’Ventum fuerit difl‘olutum, fcu ruptis Cordis 8: “3 Ligatorijs fuis abfq; Gubernaculo humano “-hat‘averit a Ponte London ufq; Grave/end, feu abinde ufq; dié‘ium Pontem perConl‘tabula— riuni diéj‘tae Turris feu Miniftrosl'uos capiend. 8: ad opus dic’ta Coni’tabularij applicand. @of- cunq; Cygnos venientes fubtus dift'uin Pontem ' verfus Mare, ‘feu a Mari verfus eundem Pon- “ tem, omnimodos, Equos, Boves, 'Yaceas, Por- cos 85 Oves, qui de‘Ponte praedifio in Aquam “-- T home/ice eeciderint; quos praediét'us Conf’tabu- larius ‘l'eu' iejus Miniltri percipcre' poterunt; “a Qlodlibet hujufined'iAnimal natans per Medi- “ um diéti Pontis ad Turrim eradiei‘am, quod ‘idem Confiabularius, feu Minif’tri fui prxdifii ' ceperint; de, quolibet p‘ede hujufmodi Ani- malis infra F ofi‘ata Tu rris przediétae depafcentis unum 'Denarium ,1 (Luamiibet Carectam va— cuam, feu carcatam, qux in Fofl‘ata prxdiét'a ceciderit, tanquarn forisfaéturam feu-Feod’um “ dicti' Confiabularij. Qiodq; prwdifti Confra‘. “ bularij, tam fuperius nominati quam alij, Confuetudinibus fubfcriptis a tempore praediét. ,ufi fuerint 8c gavifi, videlicet, (Luod nulla Careéta vacua feu carcata a fine Vici vocat. Petite Wales fuper Montem dié‘tm Turris, nec prope Foliata prmdiéta ad altam Stratam vocat. T owerflrete, venire debeat, nifi caperetur 8? infra Turrim praedic'tam duceretur. Et quod nulla Cai'ee‘ta ultra Pontem 'inter Fof‘ata diéti “ Caf’tri & FoITata Hofpitalis Sanétae Kot/oerz’r/ze, “ abfq; Licentia Conflabularij diétze Turris Der- tranfeat 5 8: fi fecerit, 8: Barram fregerit, ‘Ca; rec‘ta illa infra Turrim praediétam duci, 86 pro tranfgreffione ad voluntatem Conf’tabularij ejufdem fatisfieri debeat. g “ Nos omnia & fingula jura & libertates Tur- ris noi’trx praediétx ne depereant, feu illicité fubtrahantur, manutenere volentes, vobis mandamus, quod dileéturn & fidelern nofirum Tbomam Murrz'eux nunc Confiabularium Tur- ris prmdié‘tm Cuitumas & Denaria, ac proficua praedié‘ta per {e & minii’tros fuos in forma praediéta percipere & habere, ac Confiietudi. “ nibus prxdiétis uti & gaudere libere 8: abfq; “ impedimento aliquo permittatis, prout ipfe “ Cufiumas, Denaria, 8e proficua hujufrnodi “ percipere & habere, 8: Confuetudinibus prie- “ diétis uti 82: gaudere debet; ipfeq; & omn‘e's “ alij Confiabularij Turris praediétae Cultu‘mas‘, “ Denaria, 82: proficua ifta percipere 8: habere, a‘c “ Confuetudinibus przediétis uti & gaudere a “ tempore praadiéto rationabiliter conlueverunt. “ Et h0c nullatenus omittatis. Tei’te meipfo’, “ apud Eltbom XVI die Novembris, Anno Reg- “ ni nofitri Sexto. 6C 6“ L“ (4‘ cc .‘(, ‘6 (.6 (C (G (L ‘6 6‘ C‘ (C (C {C {I ‘C (‘ C‘ ‘6 6‘ Per ipfum Regem. Comtem’t rum Record . . That. is in Englfl .- Riebord, by the Grace of God, King of Eng- ‘Zomi and Frame, and Lord of Ireland, to the Mayor and Sherifl’s of London, fendeth Greeting. Forafinuch as we have underf’tood, that the Con-4 {tables of our Tower of London, Time out of Mind, even to the Time now lafi pai’t, and in particular yo/m Darcy, 7o/m de Boozer/pomp, Rolzer: Le Merle, Rickard Lo Voebe, and 14th de Bax/oil, heretofore Confiables of the {aid T ower, have had the Cuftoms, Pence, and Profits underwritten, by Right belonging to the aforefaid T ower, and in quiet Manner taken them by themfelves, or their Servants: To wit, Of every Boat laden with Rulhes brought to the forelaid City, 'fuch a. O\uantity of Rufhes to be laid upon Tower Wborf, as may be contained within a Man’s Arms : Of every Boat acetiitomed to bring Oyi‘ters, Muf- eles, and Cockles, to the forelaid City, one Maund, thence to be brought and laid upon the faid Wharf : From every Ship laden with Wines ' coming from Bottrdeoux, or elfewhere, unto the forefaid City, one I’lagon before the Matt, and another behind the Mafi: VVhatibever Ship, Barge, or Boat, or other Vefi‘el, which {hall go loofe by real'on of Storm or Wind, or the Repes‘ ‘ and Cordage being broke, lhall float from Lorz- idea-Bridge t0 Grave/emf, or from thence to the ; faid Bridge, to be taken by the. Conftable of the :faid Tower, or his Servants, and to be applied to the Ufe of the faid Conftable: W'hat Swans, foev‘er coming under the faid Bridge towards fire 4, Sea, a Book 1-. Chap. XV. Sea, and from the Sea towards the {aid Bridge -, all manner of Horfes, Oxen, Cows, Hogs and Sheep, which have fallen from the {aid Bridge into the Water of, T homes; which the forefaid Conftable, or his, Servants, may take any fuch- like Creature fwimming through the Middle of the faid Bridge to the forefaid Tower ', which the fame Conftable or'his Servants aforefaid have taken: Of every Foot of Inch-like Creature feeding within the Ditch. of the faid Tower, one Penny : Every Cart empty, or laden, which lhall fall into the aforefaid Ditches, as a Forfeiture or Fee of the faid Conitable : And that the forefaid Confisables, as well thofe before named as others, have ufed and enjoyed the Ufages underwritten, from the Time beforefaid, to wit, that no Cart, empty or laden, ought to come from the End of the Street called Petty Wales, upon the faid T ower- Hill, nor near the aforefaid Ditch, to the High Street called Toweiylreet, unlefs it be taken. and brought within the {aid Tower: And that no Cart {hall pafs beyond the Bridge between the Ditch of the faid Cafile, and the Ditch of the Hofpital of St. Katherine’s, without the Licence of the Conl’table of the faid Tower ; and if it do, and break the Bar, that Cart Ought to be brought Within the faid Tower, and to make Satisfarftion for the Tranfgreflion, according to the faid Con- ftable’s Will. We, willing to maintain all and lingular the Rights and Liberties of our Tower aforelaid, that they periih not, or be unlawfully taken away, command you, that you permit our beloved and loyal Sir T bomus Iidurrieux, now Conf’table of the Tower, to take and have the Cui’toms, Pence, and Tower of London. The Cori/ladle. In the 52d of Hen. III, the Kin c ' ‘ l l theConfiable to permit the Abbot ogf Iggy-lllzge‘i'd eorzore oufeum, blade, {9’ olid Vifluulio tom pe; :err. guom per uguom, ufq; od mum predie‘l. it‘d quad uullo iude fiot prize ad opus Regie, i. e. to carry Brulh or Underwood, Corn, and "other Viétuals, as well by Land as by Water, unto the {aid Abbey : So that no Prizal be made for the King’s Ufei ' In the 14th of Edward II, there were Letters Patents for making Allowances to the Coni’cables of the Tower, pro vodijs Prifouotor. Regz’e iom. viz. For a Knight 2d. a Day, and for an Efquire, Id. a Day. , i In the 38th of Edward III, that the Conflable of the Tower ought to repair the Defeéts in the Water, or the Banks thereof, running from Wore to Wolilvom, and f0 to London. This was the River Lee. ' 7 it was ordered by K. Ploilip and Qieen Mary, their Reign. The Confl‘able {hall have of their 1001. and one other tool. by the Year for the Diet of poor Prifoners that have not wherewith of their own to pay for their Diets. So that-the faid poor Prifoners may be examined within feven Days after their coming to his Cufiody, and dill- charged again from his Culiody within feven Days next after they have been examined. ‘ T be Prerogatives, Duties, and Pritiilege: oelougiug to flee Coufloole, oud oiloer Officers tloere. i. e. for the Wages of the King’s Prifoners there, V - 7’7 \ ' Now thefe were the Fees of the Confiable, as Salary and Fees of the Oeiooer I2, ' in the fecond and third Years of Lor’fla‘fle'“ Ogcen Maiy’s . _ . Reign. Majefizies, at the Receipt of the Exchequer, for his M58. pm: Entertainment the Yearly Fee or Wages of an ”- Profits by himfelf and his Servants in Form aforefaid, and to ufe and enjoy the forefaid Ufages freely, and without any Impediment, as he ought to take and have. fuch Cilitonis, Pence, and Pro- Firfl, The faid Confiable fhall have of every What to res Duke, if there be any committed by their Mas ceive of (“chi jel’ties unto the fame Tower, for the Suitof his Eta: 153$: Irons 201. And for a Marquis 161. And for the 1181's. 'fits, and to ufe and enjoy the beforefaid Ufages 3 and he and all other Conflables of the faid Tower have 'reafo’nably aecul’tomed to take and have thofe Cultoms, Pence, and Profits, and to ufe and en- joy the forefaid Ufages from the’Time beforefaid. And that by no Means negleét this. VVitnefs my felf, at Ell/mm, the XVIth Day of Novemoer, in Sixth Year of our Reign. By the K I N G. If agrees wiz‘lo tloe Record. This caufed the Struggle between the City and . the Conl’cables and Lieutenants of the Tower for Injunélions to theConfiables of the Tower. a long Time, till King yomes I. fettled this Mat- .ter in Favour of the City. I find certain Injunctions given the Coni’tables by former Kings. Inn Henry III, that King ifi'ued out his Command to the Coni’table of the Board of every fuch Duke or Marquis Weekly, 31. 105. And for the Chaplain’s Board of every fuch Duke or Marquis every Week 6 5. 8d. And for every of his Gentlemen 6 s. 8 d. And for every of his, Yeomen waiting upon him 5 s. be- fore his Attainder; and, after his Attainder, as their Majei’ties {hall appoint. Item, The faid Confiable fhall have for every Earl and Vifcount, for the Suit of his Irons, 20 Marks. And for their Board every Week 46 s. 8 d. And for the Gentlemen and Yeomen, as in the Duke’s Diet before the Attainder , and, after, at their Majei’ties Will. Item, The faid Conl’tab’le fhall have for every Baron and Lord, of the Degree as the younger Son of a Duke or Marquis, and for a Knight of the Garter, for the Suit of Irons, 101. And for his Board Weekly 35 5. And for his Gentlemen Tm” Rec' ‘ Tower, to compel thofe that brought F iih to fell and Yeomen, as before. . . p ' 'in Ships to London, and ftayed beyond Loudou- Item, The aforefaid Conf’table (hell have for Bridge, viz. on that Part of the Tower of Loflilofl, every other Knight or Gentleman, above one ‘to bring the faid Fifh [ii/q; dd Hiibom Regine] Hundred Pounds Living, for Suit of his Irons, to Queen/alto, there to be fold, as hath been ae- 51. And alfo for his Board Weekly 2 3 S- 4 d. cui’tomed. And for every of 1115 Gentlemen and Yeomen, Rot. C. n. uod Cou ooulorius turr. London di riu of ear as before. . . H.1II.M.:5. quiQdueuut jffeem veuulem in novious rife/f Lindon, firm, The {and Conf’table lhall have of every Pet. Le. Nerve. C. to.H.IIl.- M. 14. {9’ remuueut trons poutem London, ex porte iurri5,' od dueeudum difium pifcem ufg; Hit/mm Regine. And, the Year before, Quad dueetpifeem oeuieu— rem op. London od Ripe: Regime roerzdeudum. The Confiable of the T ower’s Power extend— ed to the Five Ports, and to arreft their Ships in the Thames, if there Were Occafion. Thus a Pre- cept was given forth to him, in the 9th of Heu. III, to arreit thofe Ships in a Time of Dearth of Com, to prevent the Tranl‘port of it. The Sub- f’tance of the Writ was, De orrefloudo nor/es guin- gue Portuum in Tamefia do Blade 710;; eorriuudo m'fl ad Portu: Regui. Gentleman of Livelode of an Hundred Pounds by the Year, and under, for the Suit of his Irons, 40 s. And his Board Weekly 175. 6 d. And other Men not having Lands and P'ofi'eflions, and yet having Goods fulficient to find them- felves, for the Suit of Irons, 20 5. And for their Week’s Board 13 5. 4d. ’ > Item, All others to live of the Houf‘e, except their Majefiies appoint the fame a better Diet by Warrant. - commanded by the King and Queen’s Majeittipor ave of eve Prifoner The POrtet‘s Item, The Porter {hall h ry e; Allowance. fer Treafon to the {aid Tower, his uppermofi Gar- ment, or agree with him for it. Item, He {hall have, of every Perfon delivered out of the Tower, 5 5. Item, -It is ordered, That the Confiable fliall no more take the Bedding, Goods and Plate, or Money of any Prifoner attainted, or not attaint— ed;L except that he may Pray the fame for the Time that he be anfwered and contented for his Fees and Diets, after the Rate aforefaid. And ,except that, upon the Attainder of every fuch Pri- foner, the faid Confiable ihall have their Wear- ing Apparel and Bedding of the fame Prifoner f0 attainted, and the Plate and Jewels of the Tame, if any do remain, to be kept to their Ma- jef’ties Ufe. Thefe Orders were made out of the Qieen’s good Hufbandry : For thefe Allowances to the Prifoners were made for the molt Part out of the Princes Purfes. What a Regulation and Reduétion of the Fees this was, may appear to him that fhall compare this Note of Fees fol— lowing, brought in by the Lieutenant in the Reign of King Edward the VIth, for the Duke of Norfolk, the Dutchefs of Somerflet, and Ed- ward Lord Courtney, eldeft Son of the Marquis of Exeter, executed; 1112. The Fees va- l‘ tied. The Charges of the Tower, being rated after the Degrees of the Perfons, and Ordinary there accuf’tomed. Thomas late Duke of Norfolk, 5. (1. Per Week. For himfelf, - - 100 00 For his Man, ......... 6 8 For his Fuel and Candle, - — 8 oo 1 14 8 This was anfwered by Warrant Leiger in the F irft Fruits and Tenths. , The Dutchefs of Somerfit, s. d. Per Wee/e. For herfelf, -1- 100 00 For two Gentlewomen, - - 20 00 For three Men attending up— 20 00 on her, --------- For Fuel and Candle, ----- 20 oo . I60 00 . Edward Courtney, ' For himfelf, - - — - — - - 26 8 For his Man, 7- — ‘- ------- 6 00 For Fuel and Candle, ----- 5 00 w 8 This was anfwered by Warrant Leiger of the Treafurer of the Chamber. Of later Times, thefe Conf’cables have been more rarely fet over the Tower -, none, I think, through the long Reign of Qieen Elifaoetla; 'I‘lieuTreca‘ntof but, infiead thereof, a Lieutenant, who was an we 707“" Officer fubordinate to the Conl’table and his De— puty, had the chief Government of this impor- tant Place; and therefore was fometimes called the Confiable’s Lieutenant. Lieutenants 1 meet with two Lieutenants in former Times, of the Con- flable. Rm, a'. 71m. nants of the Conl’cables; 'oz'z. 7olvn Claaamy, Lieutenant of Holland, Duke of Exon, 31 Henry VI. and j‘obn l/Vz'nwz'ke, Lieutenant to the Con- ..i’table of the Tower, 16 Edward III. To Whom a Command came to this Import :' Tarr. London. Rex mandaw't Johan. Winwike, Loeumlenentz' Con/ladnlarz'o ejafdem, €9’ W. L. Ca- pital. Carpentar. filo, quad redzm' far. Ingenium fuam magnum an Sandwico nfqae Tarr. pradz'o’i. €9° ad Nave: arrefland. 59° rapiend. pro Vefiara, &c. gilt/diam. That is, Tower of London. Tlae King 4- . I who are faid in exprefs Terms to be the Lieute- ' Tower of London. The Con/ladle. Book I. [oat/9 commanded John Winwike,’ Lieutenant to tlae Con/ladle of Ilse fame, and W. L. In: Claim” Car- penter, to 13ng dark 171': great Engine [a Ship, I luppofe] from Sandwich, to flee Tower aforefa-z'd ; boll) to arre/l Snips, and to take for Freight, &c. ‘ of live fizme. There were alfo, in Times pait, Caflodes, or Cg/ffgflm'ofthc Keepers, fometimes fet over the Tower : Who Tower- had chief Power and Government of it, but only the Title not {0 high as that of Coni’table. Yet Henry Fitz-Aachen who was Conftable of the Tower, had a particular Fee for Keeping of the Tower, which was 501. per flnnnm; as though Conl’table and Cot/lo: had been two feveral and dil’tinét Places. The Record runs, That this Henry Fitz—Aachen Confiable of the Tower, be paid ad Kaiam Regis, z'. e. at the King’s Key, before the Tower, 20 l. 12 Henry III. and 501. per flan. for Keeping of the Tower, Anna 13 Henry III. And, I4. Hen. 111, it is recorded, That the Confiable took 501. for the Cul’tody of the faid Tower. ' The King granted the Keeping of his Tower, Rmnrgrym with the Appurtenances, and his City of London, to Thomas ngreve; and earn flrmatur. inflaurand. {9" Vifiaalz'b. fair, per Clairograp/aam linerand. in the 52 H. III. Here was a Cir/lo: both of the Tower and the City too. Such another was Radulploar de Sandwich, in Rama 7”,, the I 3th of Edward I. Tarrz's London, cam Pertinenlz'is, commifla Rad. de Sandwico, gnamdz'a Domino Regz' plaeaerz't. Ita gaod de Exitn ~inde proven. Regz' refoondeat ad Seaccariam. I 3 Edw. I. Idem Rad. babel Cuflodz'am Civitat. London, at fapra. El iteram, Anno 17. Again; PVz'llz'am Archbifhop of York was Ca— Record. 7am [for of the Tower, I Edw. I. And there was Or- der for the Payment of a Hundred Pounds for his Fee. ' Thefe Cnflodes, or Keepers, I find were often changed. For, in the 3d of Edward I, the Keep- ing of the Tower was granted by the King to flnt/aony Belee, darante Beneplaez'to 3 as Ploz'lz'p Baf- jet before had it. And he was to receive 100 l. per Annnm for his laid Keeping. Again; the Cuftody of the Tower of London . was granted to 70m Cromowell, for Term of five Years -, and to take the Fees and Cuitoms. And it is commanded to T/aoma: Walter, to de- liver the fame to him by Indenture, with the Appurtenances; togetherwith the Arms, Victuals, and all other Things and Prilons‘ being there ; I Edward III. . Again -, the Cui’cody of the Tower was granted Rm Tm. to I/Vz'llz'am de Monte fleato, or Monntagne, for Life, after Death of yo/m de Cromowell, who now hath it for Term of Life, 9 Edward III. And it was granted pro Moloael de la Bee/7e : Et flnno 20, pro 701m. Daroy. And for the Repairing of the King’s Key, Rm 7—,”. near the Tower of London, it was commanded to the Keeper of the King’s Forei’t of l/I/z'ndfor, That he caufe j’obn Croml‘well, Keeper of the forefaid Tower, to have goo Palos de fllneto, i. e. Pales, or Poles from the Alderwood, in the forefaid F orei’t. And it is commanded to the Sheriff of Berks, That he caufe the faid Poles to be felled, and to be carried unto the Tower of London, out of the Iii'ues of the County. And this for the Cafl'odes of the Tower. To return to the Lieutenants. The firf’t Lieutenant under (been Hyman, 5i, 5571.”, was Sir Edward Warner; who had been alfo in Warner Lieu. that Place under King Edward VI. In the Year tenant- 1562, he was deprived of this Truf’t, and com+ mitted to Cuftody, upon the Coming together of the Earl of Hertford and the Lady Catharine Grey; who had privately concluded of Marriage together, without the Qpeen’s Confent: Andie were ”Chap. Sir Owen Hopton. Complaints ngainlt him. XV. Tower of London. . Lientenant. .. .. were put into fundry clofe Prifons, not to come at one another. But they corrupted their Keepers. This the Lieutenant rued; otherwife an honefl: and worthy Man. ' The next Lieutenant of the Tower was Sir Owen Hopton, preferred to this Place by the Inte- rell: of the Lord Treafurer. He was an active and brave-fpirited Man. And yet I ‘find him complained of for fome Negleéts in his Trul’t, in the Year I 572 -, being a Year of great Terror to the Engll/b Nation -, fearing forne Maifacre, or Infurreétion, or ViolenCe to be 'olfered the ueen’s Perfon. For in this Year happened the bloody Mafiacre of the Proteftants in France, which altonifhed this Kingdom. In this ‘Year were two great Peers cut off, the Duke of Nor- folk, and the Earl of Nortlonmberland, for Trea- fon and Rebellion. The Qieen alfo fell lick of the Small Pox. There were alfo great Appre- henfions from the Queen of Scots, and her Party ; {he being now a Prifoner in England. Thefe Uneafinefl'es and Fears made the People con- cerned for the Prefervation of the Tower -, and great Complaints were made to the Lords of the Council againft Hopton, and of Matters in and about the Tower. As, That the faid Lieutenant lhewed the Wardens that they were perjured, if they did not firfr lhew him of all Treafons, C'onfpiracies, or any other like Matters, 'that they {hould know or hear of, before they ut- tered the fame to any of the Qieen’s Majei’ty’s Council. Whereupon he took an Oath of all fuch Yeomen, as came of late to ferve there under him. That the Prifoners had much more Liberty to walk and meet upon the Leads of Cold Harbour, and to go one to another ; and alfo to fend their Minds and Letters to their Friends, as they {hould think good : Which had not heretofore been ac- cui’tomed to be fulfeted. Which Liberty they had, by Reafon of fuch needy Perfons as Mr. Lieutenant had appointed to be their Keepers : To whom he gave very little Wages to maintain them. That there {hould be {even-{core Gunners be- longing to the Tower, whereof there wanted a great Number. And that the molt Part of them that took Wages, were unlkilful. So that, if the Qleen’s Majel’ty fhould fland in need of Service, {he fliould be difappointed. And, be— fides, that many of them were Papil’ts. That the Clerk of the Ordnance was a very earnef’t Papift. , That there wanted the mof’t Part of fuch War- ders, as ought to watch and ward, and to lie within the Tower : And the Hamlets did neither watch nor ward, according to their bounden Du— ties. For, if the T ower-diteb ihould be frozen, Confidering there were no better Order taken for theDefence of the fame, and confidering the State of the Time, and, if Need ihould fo require, it might be in great Danger. Wherefore all the Yeomen fhould be commanded, daily to wait, and to lie within the Tower every Night, for the Prefervation of the fame: Seeing the Watches Of London and St. Catharine’s were not kept as of late, but now molt needful, until this Time be‘ all. . P It was likewife informed, That, Deeemler the 29th, the Earl of Southampton l’tood leaping upon the Tower -, his Wife being right over-againit him, on the other Side of the Ditch. And when one Philip, a Gunner, feeing this, demanded,’ if this might be allowed, the Servants very angrily alked him, If he were therewithal offended ? ' That Commandment had been given by their Honours, That no great Ordnance fhould be {hot off at any Time upon the Tower Wharf, or about the Tower ; except it were only for the (been ; 79 ' ,notwithftanding they continued lhooting from VTime to Time of great Pieces. Which Pieces were to be fold, or elfe lent to divers Perfons, With the Qwen’s own Powder, conveyed by them out of the Tower in Barrels. That this Shooting utterly marred the Wharf, being‘fore worn and lhaken already; broke the Glafs- Windows ; loofed the Tiles of the Houfes new- ly repaired. . ‘ “ Further, That they did receive and difchar-ge,» upon the' fame Wharf, divers Men’s Stufl's, as Timber, Logs, Billots, F aggots, Rubbilh, Hay, Straw, and all other Things ; and carry and re- carry the fame with Cars and Carts: Which did greatly decay the Wharf, and wear the ueen’s Cranes. That they made a common Highway, with all Manner of Carriages, from St. Catharine’s lead-_ mg to the Mnorz'es : By Reafon whereof, the Way is greatly decayed; the Banks of the T ow- er—dz'telo funk, and the Ditch filled with, Earth and Filth; whereas it was wont to bechained betwixt two great Poi’ts. And likewife, by the Tower-Hill, there was another Chain with two great Polls by the Bulwark-Gate, for the re- firaining all Carriages, faving only for the Qieen. By Reafon whereof, the Banks there are greatly decayed, and the Ditch overcome with Earth by the Sufferance thereof. And this was the Tenor of the Complaint. made at this dangerous Juné‘ture againfl: the Lieu— tenant, and of the Information of Things amifs pertaining to the Tower : Which I haVe rather l'et forth at Length, to let in the more Light into the State of this firong Place in former Times. But the Lieutenant was not negligent to vindi- Vindicates cate himfelf, by a Letter to the Lord Burlez'gb, himfelf- ‘ his Friend and Advancer; vowing to God, that ' he ferved her Majefiy the more dutifully and painfully, becaufe he was preferred by his Lord- fhip, whom he loved and honoured: And, de- fcending to Particulars, he enumerated what he. - had done more than other Lieutenants before. him. Sir Owen Hopton continued Lieutenant a great Sir Mic/me! while, till the Year I 590 3 when he delivered up 3/0””: Lieu" to the Cultody of Mic/noel Blonnt, Efq; by In- tenant denture bearing Date feel} the 6th, all the Pri- ’foners of the Tower. He was foon after knight— ed. This Gentleman was f0 fenfible of the Ho- nour and Trull repofed in him, and did f0 va— lue himfelf for the Importance of his Place and Government, that, about the Year I 594, he ha this Communication with fome of his intimate Friends in the Tower, the Qieen at that Time being reported to be lick, That, if God fhould call her Majel’ty, he held himfelf bound to obey no Counfellors in general nor particular; for that they were then no Counfellors, but private Men: But would keep the Place, until the Succeflbr were el’tablifhed according to the Truth of his Title. And that he would permit none of the ‘ Officers of the Ordnance/to enter into the T ow- er, unlefs they would take their Oath to take fuch Part as he would take. For that the whole Charge was then in- him. And, for that he held divers of the Warders to be Knaves, he would turn them forth, and call the ref: before him; and fuch as would not be fworn to obey him, as by their Oath they ought to do, as he laid, he would turn them forth, and furniih the Houfe with his own Friends. And by this Means, and having the Munition in his own Hands, he fhould be able to arm more Menlhan Half the Realm befide: And fo be.able to {trike a gene— ral Stroke, in fwaying of . the Matter according to the Truth of the Title. All this did Edmond Edmonflvl‘vfl- New! de Latymer, Efq; tel’tify befOre the Lord X Coblmm . as The prefent State of 3 Lieutenant of the Tower. R. B. His Privi- leges. A Room in the Lieute- nant’s Lodg- JflgS: ‘ Gentleman Porter. john do Lon- don in Eel-w. HId's Time. 7. 8. Names of Gentlemen Porters. This Officer , had allowed him aWatch- ing Gown. . _ Tower of L6hddii."' ' ‘ Gentleman Porter. Coloom‘ and Lord'Bucklonr/f, twoi'of the Privya ‘7 Council appointed to examine him; _Hetef’tiy fied alfo, That (the. Lieutenant. had.often afked him his Opinion, how many Men would ferve. tokeep theTower, and what Cotlrfe were belt to; take for the Virftuallihg it ? But thef'e Thing/s, looking very fuipiCioufly, raifed Jealoufies in the [State againft him ; and he was brought into Trouble] - i . .--As for the. modern State of this primary Of: fleet. of the T ower,‘ he is ufually a Perfon of great «tll Worth and Fidelity 3.:and, by Virtue 'of his Of- fice, . is tobe in Commifiion of the Peace for the Cdunties .of. Kent, Sultry, and Mddleflx. He is High Steward of a Court held within the T ower, Bile may refufe' an Halea: Corpus. He may give Proteétion to all Debtors belonging to the T ow— er, :inf‘ra annm Anglia. He hath the Privilege totake anam Lagenam,,z'. e’. one Flagon, that is, tWoGallo‘ns and a Pint, ante Malnm {9° retro, i;.e. before the Matt and behind, ‘of all Wine- Ships that come. He is to be, as fome hold, Cuflo: Rotulorum of the County of Middlefizx: And he hath his Deputy. His Salary is 2001. pernfzmum. The. Perquifites belonging to him are great. His ufual Fee for every Priibner fent to the Tower, is 201.. And 31. a Week for an Earl; and 51. for a Knight. For a Baron, or a Degree higher, 501; at their Entrance ; to whom theiKing alloWs weekly to l. Whereof two Parts gate the Prifoner, and the Third to the Lieute- nant, for Lodging and; Diet. And 501. to the Lieutenant, upon the Prifoner’s Difcharge.] :,.In,an upper Chamber, in the Lieutenant’s Lodgings, is an ingenious Device to defcribe the ‘Gunpowder-Treafon-Plot, fet up aboUt that Time by Sir [William Wade, Lieutenant of the Tower. The Monument confif’teth of feveral Pieces of Marble, in Fafhion round», inlaid with Inferip- tions on them -, in the Middle whereof is a larger Stone; On the Extremities, feveral Coats of Arms of the chief Nobility, as of Howard, Co- cil, (do. It is fearcely legible, the Infcription being almofl: worn out. In the fame Room is a fine lively Figure of the aforefaid King, with his Hat on, and, as it feems, very much refem- bling him. , . A third chief Officer of the Tower is the Gen- tleman Porter, who holds his Place by Patent; and, at the Entrance of any Prifoner, hath for his Fee Veflz’rnentafnperiora, i. e. their upper Gar- ments; or elfe a Compofition is made for the fame. .I find this Office as ancient as the Times of King Edward III, and how much ancienter I cannot tell. For, in the Tower Records, Men- tion is made in that King’s Reign, Caflod. Porla’ ejufa’em [12 e. T arm's] eoneefli Jo. de, London; that is, of the Cufcody of the Tower Gate, grant- ed to :70. ole London. In the Reign of King Henry VI, Henry Web was Gentleman Porter. There were Four in the Reign ,of (been Elifizletlo; whofe Names were, Mr. Chamberlain, firf’t, Porter under ueen Ma- ry, whofe Deputy one Clari/loploer Soutlaows feemed to be. Next to him, Sir l/Vz’llz'am Gorge, Mr. Shelton, and, lai’ciy, _Mr. Worlbinglon. This Officer, among the tell of the Benefits of his Place in former Times, had allowed him\ yearly, out of the King’s Wardrobe, Broad-cloth 5 for a Watching Gown ; and fo had the other Yeo- 3 men : As appears by this Extraét out of King ; Edward’s Book of Warrants: “ A Warrant to; .,“ Sir Ralpb Sadler, Knt. [he was Maf’ter of the? .‘C ‘6 Porter. of the Tower of London, "and to four-1 teen Yeomen' of the Chamber attending there,“ and to every of them, five Yards of Broad— ‘C 6‘ “ cloth, ofLondon, Rufi‘et, at4s. I d. the Yard, .. -_ f‘ for their Watching Gowns. 4 This Officer feemed to have a Right to the Bee nefi't of the Ground within the Liberties offthe gTower. F or, in Qieen Elgfaletk’s Reign, he re— lce'ryed Rents for many Edifices {handing there- ;on. ConcerninggwhiCh, there happened a COn- j troverfy between the Tenants and the Gentleman ;Po'rter. For, we muft' know, that between the erars 1570 and 1580, ’if I miftake not, many iHoufes and Tenements were built Within the Li— . berties, fome at the Pofiern Gate, forne Within e Bulwark, fome Without it, ' and others on Tower Wharf -; flwhere formerly we‘re fmall Shops, and Parcels of Ground inclofed,‘ So that, within ‘more, built -, belides diVers other Yards and In- and laying Open the Inclofures, an Order came from the Council, ' The chief Landlord of thefe lTenements Was: the Gentleman Porter; who, a— 1 bout this Year, viz} I 5 8 0, was Sir ll/illz'am Gorge : 1 Between whom and fome of the Builders, Agreed ;ment was made; I they .to allow him, befides lEines, certain ConfideratiOns yearly, in Lieu of. rRent. But, at length, Gorge being dead, and another, by Name, Mr. Worthirigloif fucceeding in his Place, he required the Tenants to remove, . or to come to new Terms with him :, And fo ma; ny of them did, rather than turn out, I . t . But the Builders and petty Landlords found themfelves, aggrieved hereat: F or, the Porter: came upon the Occupiers, anthook no Notice. of them: Whereupon, in the Year 1587’, they made a Complaint to the Lord Tréafurer againf’ti him: “ That they had built fundry Tenements' “ upon noifome Places, in the Libertiesof the Tower, to their great Charge : But the p‘refent GentlemanPorter, contrary to former. Ufage,» hadrequired them to depart, either to drive the Petitioners to change their- Habitations, or o‘therwife to get to himfelf great improved.- Rents. A Matter, which, if permitted, wduld work the Undoing of molt ”of his Lordfhi'pis' Orators.” The Lord Treafure‘r referred the Examination of thisBufinefs to one Neflon, who underflood by the faid Gentleman Porter, that he, as Lord, would not allow of any petty Landlords, not fuffering them to be Tenants to him j, butonly _fuch of the Tenants as Were com- morant Tenants to the petty Landlords, ‘quite excluding the petty Landlords from him, and that upon" thefe two Caufes; the one, for that they did not dwell upon any of their Tenements -, the other, that they had referved to them; felves far greater Rents than they paid to him, which he then minded to take to his own Ufe, as «he found them improved ; but .yet he was wilt ling to allow every petty Landlord, for their fe— veral Buildings, as much in Reafon "as they by Proof had laid out. . - This Petition of the petty Landlords againft the Gentleman Porter was feconded with another of the Tenants againf’t the petty Landlords. The Effect whereof was, “ That they complained, “ that the faid Landlords had molefted them, “ and threatened daily to arrefl: them for their “ Rents that they had then paid to the Gentle— “ man Porter.” ’ ‘ ' The Rents which the Gentleman Porter at this Time received, were as follows : cc cc cc cc cc (it u (C l. 5. Of 26 Tenants within the Liber- ties of the Tower for Tenements and 49 IO 06 d. Befides, of the petty Landlords, And there remained to them, be-- {ides this Payment to the Gentleman 54 15 00 Porter, 27 09 00‘ o in the Particulars I obferve, that the yearly . Rent of a Tenement ordinarily amounted to no, clofures. For the pulling down which Yards, “i ‘5'i3oo'k f. Claimed the Benefit of the Ground in the Tower Liberty. Buildings within the Liberties. the Space often Years, were forty Houfe‘s, Or, Complaint by the petty Landlords a- gainl’t the Gentleman Porter. Petition of the Tenants againft the petty Land» lords. The Rents of the Gentle-x man Porter, Shops, , ~ King’s Wardrobe] to deliver to Henry Woof: ' Chap. ilV. Tower of London. 20,21, er 2:2 Shillings; and ’of a Shop 5 Shil.“ lingt, or 6 Shillings and 8 Pence, rarely to Shirl» lingsperzfnnum. -. . . . . . , ._. Conlcfl be- The {aid Worthington, Gentleman Porter, held: tween the for his Garden a l‘on‘g‘ifh Plot offiGround, . ad» 3332235 joining to that Partbf the Tower Called The Queen’s Raye-ramat Lo‘dgzngs on the Wefl; on which bordered a lefs' iféflftigln. Piece of Ground,being4 the Garden of the Qieen’s S. e 1596,3c'ontended with him about this Garden, whiehheclaimeda Right to by Virtue of the (hieen’s Letters Patents, aflignin’g him, as chief Bettyer, aManfion-houfe and a, Garden, which was, {0 bounded and abutted, that‘he took the 3 .. whole Plot, containing both the Gardens, to be " his,v,'And indeed the Words of the Patents grant- ed—;to. the chief Bowyer of the Tower by divers Princes, 'fucceflively from Edward IV. J to Qieen Elifahegh, feemed to favour him againit the For- ter. In all‘which Patents the Words were, “ A f‘ certain Manfion within the T ower of’ London, “with a Garden to the Manfion adjoining, and ‘,‘ fituate between the Tower called The Round “ Tower, of the Artillery on the weft Part, and - ‘g‘p the Tower called The King’s Lodging on the “ eafi: Part.” Which took .in the whole Plot of Ground, and included all the Porter’s Garden. However, the {aid Worthington kept and chal— lenged the greater Part of the {aid Garden, be— ing found divided from the other Part in the Time Of Pyleeman, the Qieen’s Bowyer, imme- diate Predeceflbr to Bolt, and quietly polTe-fi'ed and ufed by Mr. Chamherlaz'n and Sir William Gorge,“ Gentlemen Porters, until the Time of Mr. 'Shelton, their next Succeilor, with whom Bolt firfl: contended for the fame. This Matter, in length, came into the Exchequer; and the Lord Treafurer Burlez'gh‘ committed the Exami- natitin thereof to Richard Barhely and N. Rayn— herd, who made the Report of the fame to him accordingly: o. u~.— a.» .1... «ha. 4.»- BoWyei“, whole Manlion-houfe Was continuous. 3 8arr.pen.me. B . ‘ j - -t’ ‘ ' The oWyer, contemporary With the {aid Wor- ; thington, was named Bolt, who, about the Year ‘ Q Gentletnort Sealer. Sin‘tagthe ‘Euehequerby Sir Edward - , / Lieutenant,- fignedi by. hisgo'vitn Radiator. the .'ll,‘-.';'5‘, ~6Hrrftr fallvw agitating} Mmfo ii; Fees and Wages due to the Lieutenant of the _ Tower, the Gentleman Porter, ‘ and Yeomen War- - ders’there, from the ‘thafiof '- the Annuniimion of the Archangel, dnno’ I 56.1; Emmmmamwfidhfi_ Lieutenant. ' j * .r»._.:too.oovoo Item, [To the Gentleman Porter? . LL ‘ .;a£,16d. by the Day? ' , " } ,4; 03 016' - trade .641 Item, For the Yemen" Warder‘s, being '23, at; 8d. by the Day, whofeNatnes'hre under-s written, ' " " ' " ,Walter Meeres A ----— -‘—-‘-— 3961' 0'8 ‘ 702m Childerley __—————" “obi- ea- Riehard Reynolds —-——--—- ————_-—--- 6 01 0‘3: Thomas Heyhorne --— —-—--—- ——’- '6 Ct 09’ Et Ceetera. ' V I ‘ l "I" Item, More that" Was not reckoned in the la ' Book for I , .1“ ”J Richard Peon/2’ ———:— -'--—-'- -—-—_— “b4 1: "03 1n. all 144 09 107 Item, For fix Gunners at ad. by the_D’ay,“w1‘iole Names are underwritten, . 3, yohn Sendal ——--- .__-_ —:- 'I 10105 john Butler, 83o. -——-- ——.-‘--——'- 1" I’Oflo5 , . . ~ in 51159 62' as Item, F orWood for theWardh'oufe for this Half- 'year . —— I 06‘ Q§ Summa Totallr267 '02, . OI EDWARD WARNWE -. our Lady lajt .pe/z, do this Feafl 'qf‘iS'ti Michael 812‘ “ "39 the eftimOhy 'of the Witnefi’es it appeared, that Pyheman, whole Patent bears Date yon. I 3. in the 10th of the Qieen, enjoyed the whole Plot._ And that in his Time Partitions were But; more- lately,» there is fame Variation The were“, in the Names of thefe Officers of the Tower. DCnominati— And how thefe Oflicers, together with thofe 0“ “the 0ft . fleets of the of the Tower Hamlets, were denominated and Tom, and "made partly by himfelf, and partly by Gorge the Gentleman Porter. _That, after his Death, Bolt pulled down the Partition. But Shelton, that was Porter next after, laid Claim thereto, and made 'up the Partition -, which Bolt pulled doWn again. ‘The suit depended at the Court within the T ow- intitled, Anna 1 701, may appear from the AC“- Hamlets. count of the Proclaiming of the late Qieen Anne, viz. ' ' ‘ The Right Honourable the Lord Lucas, "Chief Governor of her Majeiiy’s Tower of London, and Lord Lieutenant of the Hamlet: thereunto be.-~ Ver, till Bolt removed it into the Exchequer, and, longing. , . ”before the fame was determined, Shelton died. The Deputy Governor. . 1 ; Other Witneiles faid, that there was never a Chief Steward. , - . . ‘9 BOWYCI‘ heretofore before Bolt, that had the Pof- feffion of that Part of the Garden the Gentleman Porter challenged; and that, to their Knowledge, 4 there never was any Claim laid thereto by any 0— ther Bowyer. \Nhat IlTue this Bufinefs had I am ignorant] Gentleman The Gentleman Gaoler is an Officer put in by . . . 02101“ . _ the Lieutenant of the Tower. His Fee is 40 s. Jurifdiétion. ' . , ' K- B- for a Gentleman, and 51, for a Knight. Thefe all attended at the Proclamation of There are likewife forty Warders of the Tower, Qieen dinne, Qieen Of England, 5596- .upon thle who are accounted the King’s domeitic Servants , Parade in the Tower, Tower-Hall, .WbZW-CMW :v and are {worn by the Lord Chamberlain of his SPWkfi’MS, and Shadwell-Mar 73915 nd G Majei’ty’s Houfliold, or by the Clerk of the _Lal’tly, For the mo-Pt modern Coni’tables a ‘I 13335:: no] Cheque. They were all to be habited with the Lieu-tenants 0f the Tower, wz. from "King Chafrlg ‘ fame Caps and Coats as thofe of the Yeomen of IId’s Time to the prefent, thls .-an imper e the Guard that attend the King] Lift: . ' ’ 1 Ellis is a nIiore modei‘g State Sftltihefigfigch? 21$ Cottjlahles and 6M3]; Governors; , tic w. eor,ina aeroi e e _ g 3:331:65 an- the.06fli::rs in the BeginnidDg of Qieen Elefaheth’s The Earl of Northampton, the loft Confiable fimg Chm-fig j‘. S. Reign, there were but 2 3 W arders, . and no Gen- under King Charles II. - ~ ’ . tleman Gaoler at all. Which I {hall here exem— The Lord flrlzngton. plify from the original Draught of the ordina- ry Charges of the Tower for one Half—year, given i Deputy Lieutenant. Jufiices of the Peace. Gentleman Porter. Tower Major. Yeomen Warders. High Conl’tables of the Liberty and Hamlet, . and all other Peace-officers within his Lordfhip’s ' Earl of Dartmouth: W'hofe Title V was Chief filing yam; Governor and Conf’table. Lord 82. .' Tower of London. ~Building thereofi King William ' Lard Lucas, immediately upon the Revoluti- III. and Qieen Mary. O‘ueen xlrme. Lieutenancy of the Tower. - The Antiouit} and firfl Foundation of the Tower. Julius Ceefar reported the Founder. Inm An- nals.y , Brilliant the Conqueror built the White Tow- on, had theiKeys. of the Tower delivered to him, and was intitled Chief Governor. " Earliofdhingdon, Conl’table. Lieutenant: and Deputies. . » Sir yohn Rohinfon, Knt. and Baronet, and Al-' derman of London ; the firitLieutenant' after King Charles’s Return. _ After him, Colonel T homas Cheek. Colonel Cheek. continued. . . Sir Edward Hales, Knt. He had terrified the City by planting Mortar-pieces againlt it. To- Wards the Ivery latter End of King 7ames, he was put out by that ‘Kin , at the Defire of the Citi- zens; fucceeded by Colonel Shelton. He tarried in the Place about three Weeks before the Revo- lution. During thefe three Weeks, thefe two Things happened, viz. the Popiih Chapel, fet up in the Tower, was burnt by a Cafualty. And Dr. Hawkins was ordered to read the Declaration for Liberty of Confcience in St. Peter’s, while the feven Bilhops were in the Tower; which he refufing to do, was turned out. ; General Charles Churchill, Lieutenant. ‘ Colonel Farewel, his Deputy. Hutton Compton, Efq; prefent Lieutenant, and Lord Lieutenant of the Royal Hamlets. Colonel Robert De Oyley, Deputy Governor. The Earl of Carlyle was appointed Confiable of the Tower the 23d of 7m}, 1717. » The Earl of Lincoln Confiable in 1 72 3. ‘ He was fucceeded by the Duke of Bolton. 4 The Lord ~Lonfdale fucceeded the Duke, and then the Earl of Leiee/ter. The prefent Confiable is the Lord Cornwallis. The-Lieutenant is Lord H. Pawlet : And the Deputy Lieutenant Colonel Rainsford. . . Now as to the Lieutenancy of the Tower, or military Government thereof, the Coni’cable or the Lieutenant hath the Command of the Militia in a confiderable Compafs about it in divers Divi- fions, called Hamlets, lying in the Pariihes of Hackney, Stepney, White-Chapel, Mnories, pSt. Ca- tharine’s, Wapping, Shadwell, Shorediteh, and the Liberty of Norton Falgate and Brantley. The. Names of which Hamlets are as follows : , ‘ * Book I. Hackney, Norton Falgate, Shorediteh, Spittle- TheHamlets." fields, White-Chapel, Trinity .Minories, Eafl-Smith- field, Tower Extra, Tower Intra, St. Catharine’s, Wapping, Ratelzf, Shadwell,‘ Limehouje, Poplar, Blackwall,Bromley, Bow, Oldford, Mle-End, Beth- nal Green. Thefe one-and—twenty Hamlets, being all the. Hundred of Ofuljton, in the County of Mddlejim,‘ are exempted from the {aid County by A6: of Parliament, 14. Car. II, to be the fianding'Mili- tia of the Tower. is Lord Lieutenant of the fame. Regiments, confifiing of eight hundred Men ’eaCh, and were, in the Reign of (been Anne, com-I manded by my Lord Ahingdon, and Sir Henry f7ohnfim, Lieutenant-Colonel, ff’ohn Cafle, and Pl/z'lliam yohnfon, Efquires. And this, Time out .of Mind, hath been the conf’tant Militia and fianding Force of the Tower; and was confirm- ed by a Claufe in an Act of Parliament under King Charles II, in thefe Words : “ Provided alfo, and be it enaéted, That whereas the Militia in the Tower Divifion in the County of Mddleflex, commonly known by the Name of the Tower Hamlets, are, and al- ways have been, under the Command of his Majel’ty’s Conftable, or. Lieutenant of the Tower, for the Service and Prefervation of that his {Royal Fort, that it {hall and may be law- ful for his Majeiiy’s Confrable or Lieutenant ‘9 of the Tower, for the Time being, to continue “ to levy the Trained Bands of the faid Divi~ lion or Hamlets of the Tower, in fuch Man; ner and Form, as to the Number and QJaIity of Perfons, as was obferved in forming the prefent Forces thereof.”] C‘ C‘ (I ‘6 G‘ ‘C C n “ 6‘ (C C‘ (C c H ACP. XVI. Its Buildings, Repara- tions and Improvements. The new flrmoury. AV ING thus confidered the Government H of this Royal Arfenal, our Curiofity will lead us to enquire into the Antiquity and firfl: Founding of it : Which we {hall therefore pro- ceed to lhew; and likewife the various Repara— tions and Additions that have been made to it from Time to Time. ' The Antiquity and firjlt Buildings. It hath been the common Opinion, and fome have written, but of no afl‘ured Ground, that 7mm: Gee/hr, the firfi Conqueror of the Britons, was the original Author and Founder as well thereof, as alfo of many other Towers, Caftles, and great Buildings within this Realm. But, as I have already before noted, Ceefar remained not here fo long 5 nor had he in his Head any fuch Matter, but only to difpatch a Conquefl: of this barbarous Country, and to proceed to greater Matters. Neither do the Roman Writers make Mention of any fuch Buildings ereéted by him here. . And therefore leaving this, and proceeding to more grounded Authority, I find, in a fair Re- gif’ter Book of the Aéts of the Bifhops of Ro-e fi,x]ngo;p78.fb€fl£r, fet down by Edmond of Hadenham, that (Villiam the Fir/t, furnamed Conqueror, built the 3 Tower of London, to wit, the great white and fquare Towenthere, about the Year of Chrift 1078, appointing Gundulph, then Bifliop of Ro- ohefler, to be principal Surveyor and Overfeer of that Work; who was, for that Time, lodged in the Houfe of Edmere, a Burgefs of London. The very Words of which mine Author are thefe: Gundulphus Epifeopus mandate Willielmi Regis mag— ni prafuit Operi magna T urrz's London. Qua Tempore hoflitatus e/i apud quendam Edmerum Burgen/em London. Roffen. Ye have heard before, that the Wall of this City was all round about furnifhed with Towers and Bulwarks, in due Dif’tance every one from other ; and alfo that the River of Thames, with his Ebbing and Flowing, on the fouth Side, had fubverted the faid Wall and Tower there. Where- fore, it is fuppofed, King William, for Defence of this City, in a Place mofl: dangerous and open to the Enemy, having taken down the fecond Bul- wark in the cafe Part of the Wall from the Thames, built this Tower, which was the great fquare Tower, now called the White Tower, and hath been fince at divers Times enlarged with other Buildings adjoining, as {hall be ihewed hereafter. This The Conf’cable or Lieutenant They raife two MI. Sergeant; Qui dedit unum Were Eeole/iee . gm- ' Richard de _ repairs the Chap. XVI , Damaged by Temper}, and hen in the Year 1090, the Fourth of William Ru- Repaired. fur, [when the Chronicles fpeak of the Roof of Zfi}%i% Bow Church taken off, and 600 Houfes in Lon— 11mm. ° don overthrown] But it was again by the faid Rufus and Henry I. repaired, They allb caufed a. Caitle to be built under the faid Tower, to , . wit, on the fouth Side towards the T homes; and 2 ~ alfo incafiled the fame round about; K. Will. Ru- Pe9pl¢ for his of our Hifiorians writes]William Rufus 'ehallenged‘ 5233?; a' the In‘ve/liture of Prelates : He pilled and jhatted the, __e ow- . . . . . . .. eri’ ‘ People with Trihute, :efiieezally to [pend ahout the HemHuntingt. Tower of London, and the great Hall at Welt—r Lib-“'66 mini’ter. ‘ ' . . . The fin} Con- [Othoweru5, Atolinillur, Otto, and Gefirey Mag- fiables of the handle Earl of .Efli’x, were four the firft Con- Yamr- fiables of this Towerof London by Succeflion. They held All which held by Force a Portion of Land, that Ea/iSmit/Jfie/Ié pertained to the Priory of the Holy Trinity within “1%,. mad: 1‘ Aldgate, that is tofay, Ea/t Sinithfield, 7 near unto a may“ ' the Tower, making thereof a Vineyard -, and would not depart from it till. the fecond Yearof King Stephen, when the fame was adjudged and re-- fiored to the faid Church. _ . _ This faid Gefrey, furnamed Magnanille, was Earl of Efix, Conf’table of the Tower, Sheriff of London, Mddlefex, Eflhx, and Hertford Shires, as appeareth by a Charter of Maud the.Emprefs,I Dated I 14.1. He alfo fortified the-Tower of, London againfl: King Stephen. ‘Bu‘t the'King took. him in his Court at St. Album, and would not2 deliver him, till he had rendered the Tower of London, with the Cal’tles of Walden and Playhey- in Efix. v » K ' » In the Year 1153, the Tower of London and the Caftle of Wind/or were by the King delivered to Richard de Lucie, ’to be fafely' kept. , In the Year I I 5 5, T homo: Becket, being Chan~ cellor to Henry banilhed out of England. ;- their Caftles , lately Gefrey Mag- naruii'le, Con- itable of the Ex ‘Torwer. Chart. The Tower intrultcd to Lucie, Cujt‘o: of the Tower. 7 ho. Bethe: high/in- built to be pulled down, and 'the'Tower ”of dimer. London to be repaired. . ' . Longchamp, ' About the Year I 190,- the Second of Riehard L. Chan— the Fir/t, PVilliam Longehamp, Bifliop of Ely, :firaffeti‘ Chancellor of England, for Caufe of T Di-ITenfion the (lime, between him and Earl yohn the King’s Brother, with a Wall that was a Rebel, inclofed the Tower and Caflle of “‘1 Di‘Ch- London with an 'omwardWallof Stone embat- 705” 3W3" t‘led ; and alfo caufed a deep Ditch to be call about the fame, thinking, as I have faid before, to have environed it with the River of Thames. By the making of this Ditch in Eafl Smithfield, the Church of the Holy Trinity in-London Tloi-t half a Mark Rent by the Year, - and the Mill was re- moved, that belonged to the poor Brethren of St.Katharine’s the Hofpital of St. Katharine, and to the Church Mi11fl°°d _ of the Trinity aforefaid; which was no fmall 312321332: Lofs and Difcommodity to either Part. And of the 7mm the Garden which the King had hired of the Brethren for fix Marks the Year, for the melt Part, was waited and marred by the Ditch. . Re- compence was often promifed but never per- formed, till King Edward, coming after, gave to- the Brethren five Marks and an Half for that Part which the Ditch had devoured; and the other Part thereof without he yielded them again, which they hold 3 and of the faid Rent of five .Marks and an Half they have a Deed, by Virtue whereof they are well paid to this Day. Encroach- ' It is alfo to be noted, and cannot be denied, mews made but that the faid lnclolure and Ditch took the by thehD‘tCh like or a greater (luantityof Ground from the 33;: 6 City within the Wall -, namely, on that Part the City Wall, from the IVhite Tower to the firl’c Gate of the City, called the Poflern. Yet have ' i ' I'not read of any Qiarrel made by the Citizens, NU MB. VIII. - And the Bearing of this expenfive‘ Building: fa, P0115 the put the {aid King Williamupon Exaétions, as, one II, caufed the Fleming: . to be - ' he fent Letters‘to thofe that had the Care of h'ié- ' Works in the Tower: called the T ower-Hill, befides breaking down of Tower of London. W412 and Bulwark i 33 This T ower was by Tempe-ft of Wind fore (ha. ' or Recompence demanded b them 3 " Matter; becaufe all was done )for Goodohftili: City’s Defence thereby, and to their good Likinds " But Matthew Parir'writeth, that in the Yzai‘ M ~ 12 39, cc King Henry the Third fortified the at. Pam. “ Tower of London to another End; wherefore ' ‘_‘ the Citizens, .fearing left that was done to gully?“ 0f “ their Detriment, complained :, And the” Built iii” ‘3‘ King anfwered, .That he had not done it to“ K" Heme? I'll; 9“ their. Hurt; but, faith he, I will from hence-4 “ forth do as my Brother doth, in building andfori “ tiffying Cajtlet, who heareth the Name to he wifer‘ ‘e‘ than 'I uni.— ,, . ' h' ,‘f It. followedinthe next Year faith mi ' ‘ ' ' “ Author, the faid noble Buildings’of the 3:022: 3333:??? ‘5 Gate and BuIWarks, which the King had caufed the 70W" “a. f? to .be made by the Tower of London,'o'n the 'own, “ well: Side thereof, was fhaken as it had beenZ it with an Earthquake, and fell down,- which “ the King again commanded to be built in'bet: “ ter fort than before, which was done; i .. (C And yet again, in thC Year 124% the {aid Wall Add ‘-‘ Wall and, Bulwarks that were newly built, Bulwarks ‘9 where-in the~King had bellowed more than 3g“? fall own, an I ' ‘~‘ twelve Thoufand Marks, were ,unrecoverably new built- “ quite thrown down, as afore -, for the which “ Chance the, Citizens of London were nothing “ lorry; for they Were threatened, that the laid “, Wall and-Bulwarks were built, to the End ‘.‘ that, if any of them would contend for the Li":- 9‘ berties of the City, they might be imprifoned :4 ‘5 And, that many might be laid in divers Pri- ‘—‘ fons,‘ many Lodgings were I made that no one “ {hould fpeak with another.” ” Thus much Matthew Paris avoucheth for this Building.» . ,. -' ' ‘ ' . . To which may bevaddedlhis Reparations and Reparatioii of Strengthenings of the Garner or Storehoufe, the the I’ll/’5.“ . great Tower, . and- the Chapel-therein, and like’fij’flfg’ wife the Church of St. Peteris in the Tower. CON 3: 5 cerning the Fitting up and BEautifying of which " l a What that King ordered to-be done about the Storehoufe, and about the great. Tower, appearsby this, Order following} 1 ' Rex Cit/lodihus Operationir T urrit London. ’ 8a"- Roz‘. Lihemf: lutem. Preez‘pimus _ 'vohis, quod Cornerium infra j”'25-H-III‘ tandem Turrim 'reparari £5 ~ hene entendari faeiatis- :47," 213;”: per totum uhi neeeflé fuerit :- Et omne: Guttera; 124:. plunoheas Magne T urris a fummitate ejufdem T urris, G. Helmet; per qua: flqua plutxialv de/tendere dehet, ufque ad ' terram extendere faciatis- {9‘7 defeendere, [ta quod Murur dial. -- T urr-i: per aquani plutvie di’i‘illant’ern,‘ qui de nofvo e/i dealhatus, nullo mode poflt deperire, not de faeili prorumpere. rSed fieri faciatis' fuper ‘ eandem T urrim in parte Auflrali fuperiu: oerfus (flu: £9” per flrum imas alurar de hono 59’ forti marentio, , totum hene plumhari ; - per qua: Gentes *videre poflnt ufque ad pedenz ejufdemtTurri-s, {5’ aftendere {9° one- ,lius defeende-re, ji nettflh fuerit.- Dealhari etiam faa- ciatis totam Capellam Sandi Johannis Eva'ngelzfle‘ in eadeni T urri,‘ Ste. »Et dealhari faciatir ‘totum nee terem murum circa fepedittano T urriin. Et Cit/lune; quod ad hoe pofueritis per 'Uifuno {9° Teflinzoniuni Legalium hontinurn romputahitur, ‘vohis ad Samaria uni. T e/ie Rege apudWindles. Deeimo dieDecembris, «‘ The Impert'of which in Englijh‘ is, That ‘ the King commanded the Keepers of the Tow: ‘ or Work to repair the Garner within the {aid ‘ Tower, and well amend it thrbughout, where'- ‘ ever it needed. And alfo concerning all the ‘ Leaden Gutters of the great Tower, from the ‘ Top of the {aid Tower, through which the Ram ‘ Water muft fall down, to lengthen them, and ‘ to make them come down even to the Ground. ‘ So that the Wall of the faid Tower, lately ‘ whitened anew, may by no Means decay, nor ‘ ealily break out, by reafon of the Rain Water C dropping down. But to make upon the faid ' 1‘ Towers 84 .‘ Towers zllures [I confefs my Ignorance what ,‘ they were] of good and firong Timber, and ‘ throughout to be well leaded -, by which Peo- ~ . ‘ ple might fee even to the Foot of the {aid Tower, ‘. and better to go up and down, if Need be. Alfo ‘, to whiten the whole Chapel of St. 7ohn Evan- ‘ ,gelifl in the fame Tower, Eric. And to whiten ‘ the whole old Wall about the often mentioned ‘ Tower, {tied This Great_Tower, I conclude, was that we Call the‘White Tower ; and fo named, perhaps, ever fince this Whiting of it] v--‘,More of Henry IIl’s Dealings againft the Citizens of London we may read in the afore- faidAuthor, in 1245, 1248, 1249, 1253, 1255, 1256, {den . ‘ But, concerning the {aid Wall and Bulwark, the ' ‘ fame was finiihed, though not in his Time. For Iread, T hat Edward I, in the Year 1274, and the Second of his Reign, commanded the Treajiirer andflhamherlain of the Exchequer, to deliver out #14:. Paris. Ditch made of his Treafiiry, unto Giles of Andwarp, 200 abmit‘hFBul‘ Afarks of the Fines taken of divers Merchants, or wark,w1thout Ujitrers of London, for fo are the Words of the Record, toward the Work of the Ditch, then new mode ahout the faid Bulwark, now called the Lion Tower. I find alfo recorded, that Henry III, in the 46th of his Reign, wrote to Edward of Weft- the well Gate of‘the Tower. . u . Hen. III's min/tor, commanding him, That he _/hould hay O’Cha’d by certain Perie Plants, and fiet the fame in the Place the 7W“ without a: Tower of London [within the Wall 2d Edition. of the faid City; which of late he had caufed to_be inclofed with a Mud Wall, as may appear by this that followeth: The Mayor and Com- monalty of London were fined for throwing down the faid Earthen Wall againl‘t the Tower of Lon~ don the 9th of Edward II.] ‘ 5 Edward IV. in Place thereof built a Wall Of Brick: He fortified the Tower, and made it ‘ ftrong. . The Lions in . But now for the Lion Tower, and Lions in the 7m”- England, the Original, as I have read, was-thus : Henry I. built the Manor of Wood/lock, ma Park in with a Park, which he walled about with Stone Eng/ami- feven Miles in Compafs, del’troying for the fame ~ divers Villages, Churches, and Chapels ; and this was the firf’t Park in England: The Words of the Record are thefe following: He appointed therein, heflde great Store of Deer, divers firange _ Bea/ls, to he kept and nouri/hed, fitch as were hreught Lions in to him from far Countries; as Lions, Leopards, golf/0“ Linxes, Porpentines, and fuch other : For fuch I' . was his E/timation among Outlandi/h Princes, that few would willingly mfend him. More I read, that, in the Year 123 5, Frederick ‘ Lions rent to the Emperor fent to Henry III. three LeOpards, Hem UL and in Token of his‘regal Shield of Arms, wherein 1;? m the three Leopards were piétured; fince which Time, 0“" thofe Lions, and others, have been kept in a Part of this Bulwark, now called the Lion T cw: er, ”and their Keeper there lodged. King Edward , 11.4.- in the twelfth'Year of his Reign, command: ed the Sheriffs of London to pay the Keeper of the King’s Leopards in the Tower of London 6d. the Day, for the Sufienance of the Leopards 3" andwthree Halfpence a Day for Diet of the faid Keeper, out of the Fee Farm of the faid City. . More, the 16th of Edward .111, one Lion, one Lionefs, one Leopard, and two Cat Lions, in theiaid Tower, were, committed to, the Cufiody of Jighert, the Sonof john Bowre. . Ifr/"L’Irxilv. ; Edward IV. fortified the Tower of London, huiltBui; andinclofed with Brick, as is aforeiaid, a cer- Warl‘s WM” tain Piece of Ground, taken out of the Tower out the Tower. Hill, weft from the Lion Tower, now called the Bulwark. His Officers alfo, in the Fifth of his Scaffold and Reign, fet upon the faid Hill both Scaffold and Gallows firfi' Gallows, for the Execution of Offenders, where- Iii/,0“ 70'1”” gpon the Mayor and his Brethren complained to """ the King; and were anfwered, that the fame 4 Tower. of London- 1 Later Buildings. . miniter.] 'at‘46s.the Piece. - - -- - - - , ty of the Tower, triz. -. .- Book I." was not done in Derogation of the City’s Liber- ties; and therefore caufed Proclamation to be made, Be. as {hall be fhewed in Tower Street. Richard III. repaired and built this Tower fomewhat. [For I find in an old Ledger Book of . that King, that, in the Year 1484, a Commiffion. was directed to Tho. Daniel, Surveyor, as it feems, of the King’s Works, to take and feize . for Ufe within this Realm as many Mafons, Brie/er, layers, and other Workmen, as fltould he thought ne- .ceflary for the hafly Expedition of the King’s Work: within the Tower of London, and Palace of _Weit- Henr)l VIII, in I 5 32, repaired the 1 White Tower, and other Parts thereof. In the Year 1548, the Second, of Edward the Sixth, on the 22d of Novemher, in the Night, 3. . Richard III. repaired the" ' aquer. " Workmen taa ken up for that Purpofe. 7. s. . W’hite Tourer , repaired by . Hen. Vale. . ~. Frenchman, who lodged in.the round Bulwark, _ . betwixt the wefl: Gate and the Poi‘tern, or Draw-. Bridge, called the Warders Gate, by fetting Fire on a Barrel of Gunpowder, blew up the faid Bulwark, burnt himfelf, and no more Perfons. This Bulwark was again forthwith new built. A Bulwark, j of the Town". ' blown up. . on And here, becaufeI have, by Occafion, fpoken' of the weft Gate of. this Tower, the fame, as the mofl: principal, is ufed for the Receipt and. Delivery of all Kinds of Carriages -, without the which Gate are divers Bulwarks and Gates turn- ing towards the North, Ede. Then near within this welt Gate, opening to the South, is a flrong Poftern for Pafléngers, by the Ward—Houfe over a Draw-Bridge let down for that Purpofe. Next, large Water Gate, for Receipt of Boats and fmall VeflEls, partly under a Stone Bridge from the River Thames. with a Draw—Bridge feldom'let down, but for the Receipt of fome great Perfons Prifoners.‘ Then towards the Eait is a great and {iron g Gate, commonly called the opened. 'Later Buildings, Enlargements, and Reparations. For the Buildings and Enlargements of and about the Tower of later Times, take this, how- ever imperfeéi, Account. . . In (ween Elifaheth’s Reign was built near, the Ward7Houfe., Some Time after, Anna I 594, a Brick Wall was refolved to be gone in Handwith, to be made along the Tower Wharf, from the ,faid Piece of the new, a Piece of a Wall Gates and . _ Pofi'erns of the Tower. .on the fame fouth Side, toward the Eait, is 3. Beyond it is a {mall Pofiern, Iron Gate, but not ufually _ Buildings in (Amen Eh]: aheth's Reign; ' j. s; L \a Wall, to be continued thence to the crofs Wall, near the Iron Gate, near St. Katharine’s, contain-- ing in Length eight Hundred twenty-two Feet :, the fame walltobe nine Feet high; with the; Repairing of thejDecay of the Wharf under it; throughout, containing forty-fix Rods, at eigh-v teen Feet to the Rod,_which, in all manner of. .Stufi‘ and Workmanfhip, came to the Sum of l. s. d. ,: . » _ I61 00 oo . Item, There was more to be made, viz. three Stone Door Cafes, with Doors, Locks, and Hinges to them, , Item, . For Scaffolding, Stuffs, . Treys, and Shovels, and Clerks o8 16 oo_ Wages by Ei‘timation, ------ .y , Sum. T otalis I76 14 00 This was the Account brought in by the Un- dertakers to the Lord Treafurer, praying him } 06 18 oo alfo to direét his Warrant for the making of the - VVallthroughthe Houfes encroached over the Ditch, thereby to'fatify the’Inhabitants there". . Let it be added alfo, that there were many. Tenements about the Middleof this Qtee‘n’s Reign, built upon her wafie Ground in the Liber: ' 'Edtirhrd Tenem ents Within the Li- berty {ct up. Chap. XVI r Towenof London. Edward Hemmyag built fourteen Tenements which ftood at the Poi’tern Gate. . Mr. Skinner built eight Tenemehts, ' Which‘ flood at the- Poitern Gate. , ' Item, The faid Mr. Skinner alfo let out certain Ground at the Pofiern to divers Perfons, which built Houfes thereupon, and paid him Rent for them, although the Ground was the Qieeii’s, and belonged to her Tower. . , john Cox, Lime—man, built 'up a Wharf and certain Rooms, for the Selling of his Lime, fianding by Petty Wales under the Tower Wall -, g and paid for the fame IO 1. Fine, and 61. aYear. George Waters built an Houfe upon the Queen’s Highway, being paved ; and none never befOre in that Place. ‘ Mlh'am Beare built an Houfe in the Liberty. One Fi/her dwelt in an Houfe next William Beare, built alfo about'the fame Time. Lambert Bowet alfo built his Houfe within this Time, being before but as it were a Shed. . Henry Naylo'r built ‘two Houfes upon Tower- _ Ditch, where none ever. was before. Ditch clean- ‘ fed, and Wharfing new. built in King Charles H’s reign. R. B. Sir 70hr: Ro- hz'afoiz, Lieu- tenant. The Fire of Drinhwater, the Smith, built a little Tene- ment, where never was any before. _ th'le'am Hammett, having a Chamber over the Gate in the Bulwark, built it from a Chamber .to a Dwelling—Houfe within fix Years.’ Francis Partoa, having a little Houfe, greatly enlarged it. . IVz'ZZz'am Buaehe built up a Houfe in the Bul- wark from'a Shed. ' Roger Ejtoa, Glover, built up two Houfes in the Bulwark; the one with a Chimney, the Other without. Rohert Morehread built up a Houfe from a Shed in the Bulwark. 7mm: T homar built up a Shop hard to the Bulwark Gate. ' Befides divers Yards left unnamed. For that there was an Order from the Council for the pul- ling of them down. And, as thefe Buildings did but cumber and weaken the Tower, fo the ta- king them away was but the Repairing and Im- provement of it.] But, to come nearer our own Times, the whole Reign of King 7am: I, and the firit fifteen Years of King Charles I, were profperous and peaceful. But in the Year 164.0, the 3d of Novemher, the Long Parliament began, and foon after this royal Cattle was made a Garrifon; and, as a Place of Cui’cody, there were committed hitherto more Noblemen, Reverend Prelates, and Worthy Knights, and Gentlemen of good QM.- lity, for the Defence of their Religion and Loyalty to their King, than were in the common Gaol of Newgate for Murther and Felony. But after ten Years of Civil Wars, and thirteen Years Vacancy without a King in England, it pleafed God to rei’tore his Majei’ty King Charles II. to his Royal Throne, being brought in with all the :Acclamations of Joy; and, in the firft Year of his Reign after his Refioration, he made that confiant Royaliit, Sir john Rohz'afoa, a Citizen of London, Lieutenant of this royal Citadel. And now I fhall'proceed to the further‘Repara— tions, Augmentations, and Fortifyings of the fame. In the Year 1663, the Ditch was cleanfed, and all the Wharfing about it new built of Brick and Stone, [0 that the Water of the T homer running into it is there kept in by Sluices, and to be let out, as Occafion requires. In the Year 1666, the Fire of London ending 'Londonendan- at the eal’t End of Tower—flreet, whofe Extent ’gered the Tower. came juit to the Dock on the weft Side of the Tower, there was nothing between the T ower- “ Later ‘ Bat/flags. walls and it, but the Breadth of the Dock,- and a great many old Timber Houfes, which were bunt upon the Banks of the Dock, and in the outward Bulwark of the Tower and T ower-a’z'teh which then was very foul ; to the very Wall of the Tower itfelf : Which old Houfes, if the Fire had taken hold of, the Tower itfelf, and all the Buildings within it, had in all Probability been deitroyed; But fuch was this Lieutenant’s Care of the great Charge committed to him, that, to prevent future Danger, a few Weeks after, he caufed all thefe old Houfes which flood between the T owe‘r-doetc and the T ower—wall to be. pulled down; and not only them, but alfo all thofe which were built upon, or near the Tower—ditch, frOm the BulWark Gate, along both the Tower4 hills, and {‘0 to the Iron Gate ; and caufed firong Rails of Oak to be fet upon the Wharf where thofe Houfes Ptood, which Were about \350' or 4.00 -, fo that, by this Means, not only theth'te T ower‘, but the whole outer Tower-wall, . and . the Dite'h round about the fame,- are all of the'n'i- vifible to Paffengers ; and make a fine Profpeé‘t.] ‘ The T ower-dz'teh being cleanfed, and the Wharfin‘g‘ about it thus repaired, I will now come within the Walls, and take a View of the Reparations, and new Buildings, which, after the Cle'aniing of the Ditch, began to be made 5- which are f0 many, that the certain Year when they were began or finifhed cannot be determin- ed; for feveral of them were in Hand at the fame Time -, but, take them all together, they do amount to more than all that hath been done in that kind to the Tower fince the Reign of King Edward the Fourth. And f0 to mention only what the feveral Reparations and Buildings are, and how it is at this prefent. Firi’t, the W'alls ahd Windows of the White Tower were very much decayed, two of the Turrets wholly taken down, and all of them repaired; and new Funds fet up, with the King’s Arms and Imperial Crowns over them, which were wholly new made, the old being defaced in the Time of the Rebellion, when this Tower was a Garrifon.] To omit the refi, very lately on the North-eat}: of the White Tower, near the Armoury, are two fair good Brick Houfes erefted; the one is the Surveyor’s Houfe ; the Other the Storekeepér’s‘; But the noblefi and moft magnificent Struéture of all is the new Armoury, that was begun in King yams the Seeoad’s Reign, and finifhe’d in King PI/z'llz'am’s. Wherein are Arms laid up in a molt furprizing, artificial Order and Beauty to Admiration, by one Mr. Harris. In this'Ar- moury, they fay, are Arms fufficient to arm out 6oooo Men. As to the Building itfelf, it is fig ' tuate north of the White-Tower, and runs out in Length about Sixfcore and ten Yards, in Depth about Twenty, more or lefs. It hath a graceful Walk before it paved with F rec-{tone the whole Length, and planted with Lime-Trees, without the paved Walk. In the midi’t of the. Building, . ‘a comely Front with large Pillars of Stone on each fide the Gate, two, of the Dorie Order. Under the Pediment is the King’s Coat of Arms largely cut in Stone, with the Supporters the Lion and Unicorn, curioufly engraVen. On the fouth Side of Ceefizr’s Chapel, a F oun- dation is now laying for large Store—'Houfes ; where, in Digging, the Workmen meet with old Foundations of above three Yards in Breadth; which obl’truéting their prefent Work, I faw them forcing up with the utmofl: Violence. Foundation of fome there. ‘ ' Beetle and Wedges with It is faid to have been the ancient Tower f’tanding enaa 35 ordauiidargs about the Tower pulle . down. The Modern Reparations andBuildings. New Homes; 9!. s. The Armani ry. New Store-3: Honfcs. 86‘ Tower of London. 'Aocio'entr. Book I, e H A P. ._ van. 3 rm various fleoiolents, Occurrences, and Paflages of Remark, tlia't‘fiave nap-1‘ 1 .. peered- in'or concerning tile-Tower. flncient Coins. Wat. Tyler’s Reéellion. Commitments nit/oer. Executions. fl Connniflion to view the State of the ~ . Tower. The Crown and Glolre flolen. A fall Declaration of t/oe Manner; 3" ' of it. ) HUS much for the Foundation and Build- . " ing, Increale and Maintenance, and the late Additions, ufeful and ornamental, of this Tower. Now fomewhat of Accidents in the lame, or hiftbrical Occurrences relating to it. Aétionsofthe ,‘In the Year 1 196, lVilliam Pitz-Q/lzert, a Ci~ 702W- Fi’Z' iiieh of London, feditioufly moving the common 0‘ 3’" People to feek Liberty, and not to be fubjeet to the Rich and more Mighty, at length, was taken Jufiices {at in and brought before the Archbifhop of Canterbury the Tom" in the Tower, where he was by the Judges con- demned, had Judgment, and was, by the Heels, ; drawn thence to the Elms in Smitbfielei, and there hanged. ‘ ' 3 Patent the i 1214, King yobn wrote unto Geofire-y Magno- lstbof King ville, to deliver the Tower of London, with the 7 0/221. Prifoners, Armour, and all other Things found therein, belonging to the King, to William, Arch- _ deac0n of Huntington. Mae. Paris. ‘ The Year 121 6, the firft of Henry III, the faid Tower was delivered to Lewis of France, and the Barons of England. Pleas of the In the Year 1206, all the Pleas belonging to cm“ Plead' the Crown were holden in the T otoer. Likewife d ' th .. . . . . c m e in the Year 1220, and likew1fe 1n the Year 1224., , Tower. and, again, in the Year 1243, before Willi- am of York, Ream Pofile-w, Henry Broke, 7e- rome of Sexton, Jufticers. Mat. Part}. ' 1n the Year 1222, the Citizens 'of London, ' Sedition having made a Tumult againi’t the Abbot of ' Weftmin/ter; Hubert of Burg/o, Chief Juftice of England, came to the Tower of‘London, and call- iedbefore him the Mayor and Aldermen, of :whom he enquired of 3 the principal Authors ,of that Sedition; amongft whOm, one named (.'onflantine ~Con/famine Fitz-flelnlfe avowed that he was 5721491219, the Man, and had done "much lefs than he thought. hang d' _ 3 to have done. Whereu. 0n the Jul’cice fent him, ‘ With twoothers, to Fa It: o’e Brent, who, With iarnibd Men, brought him to the Gallows, and therevhanged him, and the other two. ' ’ 01’”!!! of In the Year 1244, Grifiit/o, the eldelt Son of Wale: {:11 Leolz'ne, Prince of Wales, being kept Prifo'ne'r in fromt e 3the3Tgw6r, devifed Means of Efcape ;‘ and hav-" Tower. . ~ . . . mg, )in the Night, made of the Hangings, "Sheets, 'Towels,' and Table-Cloths, along Line, ' he'pUt 'himfelf down from the Topof the no! er; But, in the‘VSli'ding, the Weight of his 3Bo-§ dy,,7being a verytbig and a fat Man, broke the Rope, and he fell and broke his Neck'vidthal'; . Stowe's Sum- ‘whofegfiiiferable Carcafe, being found in the Morn- mafY- 'ing by the Tower Wall, was a motif pitiful Sight, [to the Beholders. For his Head and Neel; were: .driven'3 into his Breal’t. between both the Shoul-i ”ders.‘ The King, hearing thereof, puniflied thef .- Watchmen, and cauled Grifitlo’s Son, that wasi , - t. _ , 152:3;st 05 '1 i In the Year 1253, 313:3; if“ the Sherifi's Of London in the T ower more than gm”, a Month, for the Efcape of a Prifoner out of Newgale. 3 - A 3 3 ., In the Year 1260, King Henry, with his Queen, 9 , King [foray ' ”again the fer Fear Of the Barons, were lodged in this ‘J' ~71 d . ‘ - , . , hzléerfiisaiiah Tower. The next Year he font for his Lords, liament there. and held his Parliament there. ‘ 3- 31113 the Year 1 2 63, when the Qiecn would have removed front the T ocoer by 'Water, towards 4. 'of the higher Bench offered feVen—thOufand imprifoned with his Father, to be more firaitly 3f .ing Henry III. imprifoned ' lVind/‘or, fundry Londoner: got them together to Citizens of the Bridge, under the which {he was to pafs, and lender: de- not only cried out upon her with reproachful alfjgn‘hvevm Words, but alfo threw Mire and Stones at her, by to Hen: III. which {he was confirained to. return for the Time. But, in the Year 1265, the faid Citizens were. fain to fubmit themlélves to the King for it ; and the Mayor, Aldermen, and Sheriffs, were fent to divers Prifons, and a Cit/1’05 alfo was fet over the City, to wit, Otloon, Conftable of the Tower, 55c. ’ _ In the Year 1282, Leoline Prince of Wales; Zeoline,Prince came down from the Mountain of Snowdon'to of W'a/er, his Montgomery, and was taken at Blair/o Cafile: Head {Gt 0!! Where ufing reproachful Words againfi: the‘Eng—3 the 70W" li/lnnen, Roger le Strange ran in upOn him, and, with the Sword wherewith he was girt, cut ofi‘ his Head, leaving his‘dead Body on the Ground, Sir Roger Mortimer caufed the Head of this Leo; line to be fet upon the T ower'of London, crowned with a Wreath of Ivy. Such was the End of Leoline, betrayed by the Men of’Blaitb, and this was the lad Prince of the Britons Blood that bare Rule and Dominion in Woks. 'In the Year 1290, 18 Ed. I, divers Jultices,‘ as Jullices 0mm well of the Bench, as of the Aflizes, were 17ml Bench fent to Prifoners to' the Tower, which, 'with great Sums the 70‘1”” - ' of-Money, redeemed their Liberty, 1:222; 3 Sir T homo: Weylano’ had all his Goods, both Adam. Mm‘. moveable and unmoveable, c‘onfifcated', and .him- com. Dun. felf banifhed. Sir Ralph Henglzom," Chief Judice §QJ.CB)ald.? cm. JI‘B. 0. Marks.' Sir j’obn Eo-vefot, J'ultice of the lower Rwfi‘ Bench, three-thoufand Marks. Sir I’II/E'lliomBrom; tone, Jui’tice, fiX—thoufand Marks, and proporti- onably of the red. Of their Clerks for their Redemption -, of Rodert Littleonry, 1000 Marks; Vii. the Sum}, and of Roger of Leicefler, 1000 Marks 5 and o my. ‘ 3“ a certain Clerk of the courts, called Adam ole ‘Strotton, 32000 Marks, of old Money and new, befide Jewels, Without Number, and precious _'Vefi‘els of Silver, which were found in his ,Houfe, and a King’s Crown, which fome Men faid was King film‘s. Moreover, theKing con; ,I’trained the Juftices to ’fwear, that, from thence— forth, they 'Ihould take no PenfiOn, Fee", or Gift of any Man, except only a Breakfafi' or Inch-like Prefent. _ Edward II, the 14th, of his Reign, appointed for Prifoners in the T ower, a- Knight 2 d.' the 3 ay, an Efquire 1 d. the Day, to ferve for their Diet. \ . 3 In the Year 1320, the King’s Judices fat in Jufiicgsfat in the T ower for Tryal of Matters; whereupon, the Tot-oer. 3706723 Giforr, late IVIayor of Lona'on, and many others fled the City, for‘Fear to be charged or Things they had prefumptuouflydone. In the Year 1321, the Mortimer: yielding Mormon-item themfelves to the King, he [eat them Priloners to the 76W” to the Tower, where they remained long and were adjudged to be drawn and hanged. 3 3 But, at length, Roger Mortimer of PVigmore, Mrtimer ivin ‘s ‘e- ers a flee ', 'rint efcaied made a“ by g g hi .KC R. . PY D . 1’ " I. ‘, El’cape 011th out of the Tower, and his Uncle Roger, being, the (1‘0“,"3 f’till kept there, died about five Years after. 3 3 3 Citizens of ~‘ 'In the Year 1326, the Citizen of London won Landon well- the Tower, wrefted the Keys out of the Con- ed the Key“, of the Tower. {table’s Hands, and delivered all the Prifoners ; fmmtheCW’ an-d liable. Chap. XVII. and kept both the City and Tower, to the Ufe of glfahel the Qleen, and Edward her Son. Martin? In the Year 1330, Roger Morrirner, Earl of 353%? to MW)”, was taken and brought to the Tower, the Elmr, from whence he was drawn to the Elm, and and there there hanged [on the common Gallows, where han£€d~ he hung two Days and two Nights by the King’s Cummandment, and then was buried in the er Friar’s Church. He was condemned by _ his Peers, and yet never was brought to anfwer A, M before them. For it was not then the Cuftom, after the Death of the Earls of Lama/fer, Mn— . ehefler, Glance/fer, and Kent. Wherefore this Earl had that Law himfelf, which before he had appointed for others] AMint in the ._ In the Year 1344., King Edward the Third Tower, F10- in the 18th Year of his Reign, commanded F lo- 3335 22in re-nces of Gold to be made, and coined in the there. the Tower ; that is to fay, a Penny Piece of the Value of fix Shillings and eight Pence; ‘the Halfpenny Piece of the Value of three Shil- lings and four Pence; and a Farthing Piece one of 1mm Worth twenty Pence -, Perce'val de Porte of Lneca, Mint—Mallet being then Mafier of the Coin. And this is the firi’t Coining of Gold in the Tower, whereof I have read; and alfo the firft Coinage of Gold in England. The King's I find alfo recorded, that the faid King, in gxcé‘la’ége .m the fame Year, ordained his Exchange of‘lVloney m 8‘ “0‘ to be kept in Serne’s Tower, a Part of the King’s Houfe in Buckle/hwy. And here, to digrefs a little, by Occafion offered, I find, that, in Times before paiIed, all great Sums were paid by Weight of Gold or SiIVer; as lb many Pounds RoundPlates, or Marks of Silver, or it) many Pounds or . SailedBlgnbks, Marks of Gold, cut into Blanks, and not e ivere y ~ Weight, A” fiamped, as I could prove by many good Au-. gm and peab thorities, .which I overpafs. The fmaller Sums m‘a, after cal- alfo Were paid in Sterlings, which were Pence I‘d Eafltr/iflg- f0 called ; for other Coins they had none. . The Antiquity of this Sterling Penny ufually in this Realm, is from the Reign of Henry the Second; notwithflzanding the Saxon Coins, be- fore the Conquel’t, were Pence of fine Silver, the full Weight, and fomewhat better than the latter Sterlings, as Ihave tried by Conference of the Pence of Barghrede King of Mercia, 1E1— fred, Edward, and Ethelred, Kings of the Wei/l Saxons, Plegmond Archbifhop of Canterhary, and others. lav/[gm the lelliam the Conqueror’s Penny alfo was fine Conqueror’s Silver, of the Weight of the Ea/terling, and had Penn)" on the one Side fiamped an armed Head, with a beardlefs Face, for the Norman: wear no Beards, . with a Scepter in his Hand. The Infeription 7V. I'dalmf— in the Circumference was this, Le Roi I/Vilam. tWJ- On the other Side, a Crofs double to the Ring, between four Rowels of fix Points. Henry I’s King Henry the fir/l’s Penny was of the like Pcuny. Weight, Finenefs, Form of Face, Crofs, 55°C. This Henry, in the eighth Year of his Reign, ordained the Penny, which was round, f0 to be quartered by the Crofs, that they might eafily be broken into Half-pence and F arthings. R. Haoena’en. In the Firft, Second, Third, Fourth, and ' Fifth of King Richard the fir/l’s Reign, and mowing afterwards, I" find commonly Eaflerling Money Money- mentioned, and yet oftentimes the fame is called flrgent, as afore, and not otherwife. The firf’t great Sum that I read of to be paid in Eaflerlings, was in the Fifth of Richard ‘the Firfl, when Rohert Earl of Leieefler, being Pri— foner in France, proffered for his Ranlom a Thoufand Marks ,Eaflerlings, notwithf’tanding the Eaiterling Pence Were long before. V Weight of The Weight of the Ea/lerling Penny may ap- Sterling pear by divers Statutes, namely, of Weights and 2'3“?" 32f Meafutes, made in the 511’: Year of Henry ihe Wiggio Third, in the Words, Thirty—two Grains of Tower of London. - Occurrences. W 1’34?» dry and round, taken in th ‘ ‘ " Ear, fhoald he the W'ezght of a SteilggflPgnéé twenty of thofi Pence fhould weigh one Ounce, twel‘ve Ounces a Pound Troy. It followeth in th; Statute, Eight Pound: to mahe'a Gallon of 57in: and eight Gallon: a Ba/hel of London Men/are, 65?; NPtWithflanding which Statute, I find, in the Eighth of Edward the PM}, Gregory Rake/lay, Mayor of London, being chief Mafler or Minil’ter of. the King’s Exchange or Mints, a new Coin being then appointed, the Pound of Eafierling Money {hould contain, as afore, twelve Ounces - to wit, fine Silver, fuch as was then made in“; F011, and was commonly called Silver of Gatheron’s Lane; eleven Ounces, two Eaflerlings,-. and one Ferléng or, Farthing, and the other fe-x venteen Pence half-penny Farthing to be Lay [Alloy]. Alfo the Pound of Money ought to. weigh twenty Shillings three Pence by Account. So that 110 Pound ought to be, over twenty Shil-i lings four Pence, nor lefs than twenty Shillings two Pence by Account; the Ounee to weigh twenty Pence, the Penny-weight twenty-four Grains: Which twenty-four, by Weight then appointed , were as much as the former thirty- two Grains of Wheat; a Penny Force twenty five Grains and an half; the Penny Deble or Feeble twenty-two Grains and an half, 69%. Now for the Penny Eaflerling, how it took that Name, I think good briefly to touch. It hath been faid, that Nama Pompz'lius, the fecond King of the Romans, commanded Money firl‘t to be made: of whofe Name they were called Nomi. And, when Copper Pence, Silver Pence, and Gold Pence were made, becaufe every Silver Penny was worth ten Copper Pence, and every Gold Penny worth ten Silver. Pence, the Pence, were therefore called, in Latin, Denariz'. And. oftentimes the Pence are named of the Matter and Stuff of Gold or Silver. But the Money of England was called of the Workers and Makers thereof; as the Florence of Gold is called of the Florentine: that were the Workers thereof ;’ and fo the Eaflerling Pence took their Name of the Eaflerlings which did firf’t make this Money in England, in the Reign of Henry 11. Thus have I fet down, according to my fmall Reading in Antiquity, thefe Money Matters; omitting the Imaginations of late Writers, of whom fome have faid, Ea/lerling Money takes that Name of a Star ftamped in the Border or Ring of the Penny; fome others, of a Bird, called a Star or Sterling, itamped in the Cir— cUmference; and others, more unlikely, of being coined at Stri‘velz'n or Starling, a Town in Scot— land, 6e. Now concerning Half-pence and F arthings: The Account of which being more fubtile than the Pence, I need not fpeak of them more, than that they were only made in the Exchange at London, and no where elfe : Firl’t, appointed to be made by Edward I, in the Eighth of his Reign; and alfo at the fame Time the faid King’s Coin was fome few Groats of Silver, but they were not ufual. The King’s Exchange at London was near unto the Cathedral Church of St. Paul, and is to_ this Day COmmonly called the Old Change; but, in Evidences, the Old Exchange. The King’s Exchanger, in this Place, was to deliver out to every other Exchanger throughout England, or other the King’s Domimons, the” Coining Irons; that is to fay, oneStandard 01' Staple, and two TruITels, or Punchions. And, when the fame were fpent and worn, to ”€331“ them with an Account what Sum had been earned: and alfo their Pix, or Box of Amy, and to d?- liver other Irons new graven, {990- I find that, "l the 9th of King yohn, there were, befides the Mint at London, other Mints at Winche/Zer, Ex- Z . eter, The Pen ny Eafler/t'ng how it took the Name, Henry II, made a new Coin in the ad of his Reign. Sterling Mo-i ney, when it' took Begin- ning in this Land, Of Halfpence and F ar-g things. The 014‘ Change. The King’s Exchanger}! Office. Mints in England. Patent 9 of King 70hr]. 88‘ eter, Cbicbejter, Canterbury, Rocbeyler, Ipfwicb, Norwiclo, Lynne, Lincoln, York, Carlifle, Nor-fl tbampton, Oxford, St. Edmond/bury, and Dar/Jain. Diminifhing The Exchanger, Examiner, and Trier, buyeth of Coim the Silver for Coinage; anfwering for' every hundred Pounds of Silver, bought in Bullion, or otherwife 981. I 5 s. for he taketh 25 s. for Coinage. _. l ' King Edward I, in the 27th of his Reign, held a Parliament at Stebanbetb, in the Houfe of Henry Waleis, Mayor of London, wherein, amongi’t other Things there handled, the Tranfporting of Sterling Money was forbidden. In the Year 13 51, William Edington, Bifhop of bI/incloefler, and Treafurer of England, a wife lVIan, but loving the King’s Commodity more than the Wealth of the Realm and common People, faithmy Author, Canfid a new Coin, Firfi Greats called a Groat, and a balf Groat, to be coined and Sterling Moi. ney forbidden to be tran- fported. 750m. Wag/1 and half flatnped 5 tbe Groat to be taken for 4d. and tbe half c°med' Groat for 2d. not containing in Weigbt according to tbe Pence called Eafterlings, bat rnncb left, to wit, by 5 3. in the Pound; by reafon wbereof Viflaals and [Wercbandizet became dearer tbroagb tbe wloole Realm. The old Coin About the fame Time alfo the old Coin of of Gold Gold was changed into a new -, but the old F 10- ‘hanged' rence or Noble, then f0 called, was worth much above the taxed Rate of the new. And therefore the Merchants ingrofTed up the old, and con- veyed them out of the Realm, to the great Lofs CoinsofGold of the Kingdom : Wherefore a Remedy was enhanced- provided, by changing of the Stamp. - In the Year 14.11, King Henry IV. caufed a new Coin of Nobles to be made of lefs Value than the old by 4 d. in the Noble, fo that fifty Nobles Ihould be a Pound Troy Weight. In the Year 1421, was granted toHenry V. a Ped 01' walh- Fifteenth to be paid at Candletnas, and at Martin- ‘d'. mat, of fuch Money as was then current Gold, or Silver, not over-much clipped or wafhed; to wit, that if the Noble were worth 5 s. 8 d. then the King {hould take it for a full Noble of 6s. 8d. , and if it were lefs of Value than 5 s. 8 d. then the .Perfon, paying that Gold, to make it good to the Value of 5 s. 8 d. the King always receiving it for a whole Noble of 6 s. 8 d. and if the No- ble fo paid were better than 5 5. 8d. the King to pay again the Surplufage, that it was better More _Ple_nty than 5 s. 8 d. Alfo this Year was fuch Scarcity 2: $0131; of white Money, that though 21 Noble were fo Sifver. m good of Gold and Weight, as 6 s. 8 d. Men could get no white Money for them. CoinsofGold In the Year 1465, King Edward IV. caufed allaycd, and a new Coin both of Gold and Silver to be made, alf°ralfedm whereby he gained much. For he made of an {61332255 old Noble a Royal, which he commanded to go A new Coin of Nobles. Nobles clip- - Rofe Nobles. put 8 d. of Allay, and fo weighed the more, being fmitten with a new Stamp, to wit, a Rofe. He likewife made half Angels of 5 s. and F ar— things of 2 s. 6 d. Angelets of 6s. 8 d. and half Angels of 3 5. 4d. He made Silver Mo— ney of three Pence, a Groat, and fo of other; .Coins after that Rate, to the great Harm of the Commons. , “ PVilliam Lord Ha/tingr, the King’s Cham- berlain, being Maiter of the King’s Mints, faith the Record, undertook to make the Mo-» nies under the Form following; to wit, of Gold a Piece of 8 s. 4 d. Sterling, which fhould be called a Noble of Gold. Of the which there ihould be fifty fuch Pieces in the Pound Weight of the Tower. Another Piece of Gold, 4. s. 2 d. of Sterlings, and to, be of them an hundred fuch Pieces in the Pound. Lord Hafi- ingr, Mailer “ of the Mints. cc to ‘6 (C (‘ ‘S ‘C “ ‘6 “ ling. Two hundred fuch Pieces in the Pound, every. Pound Weight of the Tower to be . . 3 ‘ ' « CC Tower of_London. . Gains. for 105. Neverthelefs to the fame Royal was: And a third Piece of Gold, 2 s. I d. Ster- Back? I: i “ worth 20 l. 16 s. 8 d. ' of Sterlings. The “ which Ihould be 23 Caraéts, 3 Grains, and “ half 5, 55c. and for Silver 37 5. 6d. of Ster- “ lings. The Piece of 4 Pence to~ be 112 “ Groats, and two Pence in the Pound Weight.” , In the Year I 504, King Henry VII, appointed Half faced a new Coin ; to wit, a Groat, and half a Groat, GT0“: in, w“ h bare but half Faces. The fame Time alfo if?) VII 5 was coined a Groat, which was in Value 12 d. g ' but of thefe but a few, after theRate of forty Pence the Ounce. In the Year I 526, the 18th of Henry VIII, In Henry the Angel'Noble, being then the fixth Part of an V1113 Reign}. Ounce Troy; fo that fix Angels were juf’t an Ounce, which was 40 5.“ Sterling, and the An— gel was alfo worth two Ounces of Silver; f0 that fix Angels were worth twelve Ounces of Silver, which was 40 s. A Proclamation was made on Gold and sn, the 6th of .‘eptember, that the Angel fhould go V" enh‘m' for 7 s. 4 d. the Royal for I I s. and the Crown for ced‘ 4s. 4d. And on the 5th of November follow- ing, again by Proclamation, the Angel was en- hanced to 7 s. 6 d. and f0 every Ounce of Gold to be 45 s. and the Ounce of Silver at 3 5. 9d. in Value. In the Year 1544, the 3 5th of Henry" VIII, on Bafe Monies the 16th of May, Proclamation was made for coined and the enhancing of Gold to 48 s. and Silver to 4. s. Eunlflgm the Ounce. Alfo the King caufed to be coined ”g“ ' bafe Monies [called Teflons] to wit, Pieces of 12 (1. 6d. 4d. 2d. and I d. in Weight as the late Sterling, in Shew good Silver, but inwardly Copper. T hefe Pieces had whole or broad Faces, and continued current after that Rate till the 5th of Edward VI, when they were, on the 9th of july, called down, the Shilling to 9d. the Groat to 3d. 63c. and on the 17th of flngnfl, from 9 d. to 6 d. Es’c. And, on the goth of Otiober, were pub- lifhed new Coins of Silver and Gold to be made ; Crowns and a Piece of Silver 53. Sterling, a Piece 25. 6d. half_ Crowns of 12d. of 6d. a Penny with a double Rofe, a 25:35; Halfpenny a fingle Rofe, and a Farthing with a Edward VI’s,‘ Port-clofe. Coins of fine Gold, a whole Sove- reign. reign of 305. an Angel of 105. an Angelet of 55. Of Crown Gold, a Sovereign 20 3. half Sovereign 10$. 55. 2 3. 6d. and bafe Monies to pafs as before. ~ Which continued till the 2d of (been Eli a- Monies re: ‘ bet/o, then called to a lower Rate, taken to the fined “"31; Mint, and, refined, the Silver whereof being $23" 'f" coined with a new Stamp of her Majefty, the ' Drofs was carried to foul Highways to heighten them. Thefe bafe Monies, for the Time, caufed Sterling Mo; the old fierling Monies to be boarded up, fo that files mauled I have feen 21 5. current, given for one old An- 35533;?“ gel to gildi withal. Alfo Rents of Lands and Te- for in, Angel nements, with Prices of Viéttials, were raifed of Gold. far beyond the former Rates, hardly fince to be brought down. Thus much for bafe Monies, coined. and current in England, have I known ; but for leather Monies, as many People have fondly talked, I find no fuch Matter. I read that King .jolon of France, being taken Prifoner Pei/2'1: Cgmgm' by Edward tbe Black Prince, at the Battle of Poittierr, paid a Ranfom of three Millions of F lorences, whereby he brought the Realm of France into fuch Poverty, that many Years af— ter they ufed leather Money, with a little Studor Leather 11% Nail of Silver in the Midf’t thereof. Thus much my in Fr'mm. for the Mint and Coinage, by Occafion of this Tower, [where the chief Coining hath long continued] under the Correction of other more mp, Edit.- ikilful, may fuflice. And now to other Acci— dents there. In the Year I 360, the Peace between England Accidents; and France being confirmed, King Edward came F I K' . ‘ 7‘ 1269 mo Over into England, and {traight to the Tower, to Primer in; fee the French King then Prifoner- there, whole the 7mm Ranfom .9....,,,.<-,mawfi._ ,w, 9,.-. l, ‘ Chap. XVI I ." Ranfom he ali‘efi‘ed at three Mill-ions of Floren- ces, and fo delivered him from Prifon, and brought him with Honour to the Sea. Rebels of In the Year 1381, the Rebels of Kent drew Kw! enter out of the Tower, where the King then lodged, ‘hef‘m‘er' Simon Sudhury, Archbilhop of Canterhury, Lord Chancellor, Rohert Hales, Prior of St. young, and Treafurer of England, W'z'lllarn Appleton, Friar, the King’s ConfeiTor, and 7ohn Legge a Serjeant of the King’s, and beheaded them on g T other—hill. [The particular Hiltory whereof is « taken out of j‘ohn Sto'w’s Annals, in the Life and Reign of Riehana’ II, and tranfcribed 72er- hatim by A. M and by him inferred at Length in this Place -, and is as follows :] A grievous In the Year I 38 I, and the fourth Year of 'the in“ and 3131‘ Reign of King Richard II, was granted to the tigfh§r£?n;’ King a grievous Tax and Tallage of his Subjeéts, which caufed both Spiritual and Temporal ‘, through the a greatBe— which was raifed in England a Shipwreck of $311112“? great Troubles : For divers Courtiers, defirous to ”g n ' enrich themfelves with other Men’s Goods, in- formed the King and his Court, that the Tallage was not gathered up faithfully to the King’s Ufe by the Colleétions. Whereupon they offered to the King, that they would pay a great Sum of Money for the Farm of that which they would gather over and above that which had been paid, if they might be by the King thereunto autho— rized. The People Some of them, getting the King’s Letters and mifufed in a Authority, fate in divers Places of Eflhx and 32:31; :33 Kent, and handled the People fore and uncour— ' teoufly, almol’t not to be fpoken, for the Levying of the faid Sum of Money : Which fome of the People taking in evil Part, fecretly took Coun- fel together, gathered Afliftants, and refilled the Exaétors, rifing againf’t them. Of whom fome , they flew, fome they wounded, and the ref: fled. The Kenny}: This Tumult began principally in Kent, and Men arife in after this Manner, as I find the fame fet down in {llama}! a Chronicle of St. fllhans: One of the Colleétors ls/lifclfi‘e‘l‘b: of the Groats, or Poll Money, coming to the gan, Houfe of 7ohn, others fay Wat. T z'ler, in the Town of Dartford in Kent, demanded of the Ti- ler’s Wife, for. her Hulband, for herfelf, for her Servants, and for their Daughter, a young Mai- The poll den, every one of them a Groat, which the Ti« Groatcalled, ler’s Wife denied not to pay, faving for her by (Om, the Daughter, who, {he faid, was a Child, and not Gmpe Groat' to be accounted as a Woman. That will I foon know, anfwered the Colleé‘tor, and, taking the young Maiden dilhoneflzly, turned her up to fearch -. The Huf- whether ihe were undergrown with Hair or not -, band cometh for in many Places they had made the likeilhame- Home hafiily ful Trial -, whereupon her Mother cried out, which gé’mg‘is caufed Neighbours to come in, and her Hufband, or ' being at Work in the fame Town tiling of an Houfe, when he heard thereof, caught his Lath- ing—ital? in his Hand, and ran prefently Home. Where reafoning with the Colleétor, Who made him to be f0 bold P The Colleétor anfwered with - {tout Words, and {truck at the Tiler. ‘But the The Collec- Tiler, avoiding the Blow, fmote the Colleétor; tor fla'm by with his Lathing—i‘rafi', that the Brains flew out the Tile" of his Head; where through great Noife arofe in the Streets, and, the poor People being glad, every one prepared to fupport the faid j’ohn Tiler. The Com-’ Thus the Commons, being drawn together, m0“ 50¢ went to Maid/lone, and, from thence, back again Eggeg‘i’rl}; to Blackheath. And fo, in aihort Time, they 'Defcnlc: fiirred all the Country, in a Manner, to the like Commotion. Then, befetting the Ways that led to Canterhury, arrel’ced all PalTengers, com- pelling them to fwear : Firi’t, That they fhoula’ lzeep An Oath ex— flllegianee to King Richard, and to the Commons; atted by the Rebels on all Paflengers. ' and that they fhoula’ accept no King that was named John, in Envy they hare unto John Dulce of Lan- cafier, who named him/elsz'ng of Cafiile: find that Tower of London. Accidents. _ 89 they/hould he ready when oever the were e 1 . , that they .flmuld agree ti no Tangle he lezihili' fl}: theneefirflg, in the Kingdom, nor confent to any ext ceptrz'fi rage a Fifteenth. , e ame o thefe Doin s 1' read into Sn - - . - Hertforel, Eflex, and Camhriggefhl're, Norfolk, 137:.er 5:215:32, f 01/6, {9°C. And when fuch-Aflembling of the com; “We“? mon People daily took Increafe, and that their fpreadthem’; Number was now made almol’t infinite, f0 that (elves. they feared no Man to refill them, they began to lhew fome fuch defperate Aéts, as they had rafhly confidered on in their Minds -, and took in Hand to behead all Men of Law, as well Ape Jufiices Law: prentices, as utter Barrifiers, and old Jui’tices, yers, ahd Jua with all the Jurors of the Country, whom they r°r5b¢head‘ might get into their Hands. They fpared none ed' whom they thought to be learned, efpecially, if they found any to have'a Pen and Inkhorn about him, they pulled off his Hood, and all with one Voice crying, Hale. him out, and cut off his Head. The Bondmen, and others of Eflhx, be- Bondmen of ing joined with them of Kent on Blackheath, there Efléx join came Knights to them from the King, to enquire With the!“ 0*" the Caufe of their Allembly; to Whom they made m" Anfwer, That for certain Caufes they were come together to have Talk with the King; and there~ fore willed the Knights to tell him, that he mui‘t needs come unto them that he might underfiand the Defire of their Hearts. The King was ‘counfelled by fome to make Ex Chron hal’te unto them, but Simon Sullhury, Archbifhop pt... . of Canterhury, Lord Chancellor, and Rohert Hales, of St. yohn’s, Treafurer, affirmed, That it was not meet for the King to go to fuch a rude Com- pany, but rather fome Order to be taken for their Supprefiion. Which when the Commons Infolcnt Fa; heard, being moved to a furious Rage, ‘they ry is eafily fwore, that they would go feek the King’s Trai- “mm" tors, to take off their Heads. Forthwith they took their Journey towards London, and came to Southwarle, Where they felled all the Places of that Borough, and in the Country about. They The Palace fpoiled the Archbilhop’s Palace at Lamheth, for 0f the Arch! Defpite they bare him. The Lord Mayor of 31%,? London and Aldermen, fearing the City’s Spoil, fézned. decreed to {hut up the Gates : But the Commons of the City, efpecially the poorer People, favour- ing the Commons of the Country, would not fulfer the Mayor to {hut them out, but threaten- ed Death to them that went about it. All the Night following, to wit, Corpus Chri/tz' The Com- , Even, the Rebels enjoyed free Ingate and Out- 2”“; 0mm" gate, and encouraged the Commons of London, agnoneigege as alfo of all the Realm, to favour their Caufe. Rebels. - For, faid they, their Purpofe was but to fearch out the Traitors of the Land, and f0 to ceafe. The more credit was given to their Speeches, becaufe they took nothing from any Man, but at a jui‘t Price 3 and, if they found any Man with Theft, they beheaded him. The Morrow after, to wit, on Corpus Chriflz’ Day, coming into the City, talking with the Commons of procuring Liberty to them, and apprehending of Traitors, as they termed them, efpecially the Duke of Lan- rafter ; they ihortly got all the poorer Citizens to confpire with them. And the fame Day after it was waxed fomewhat warm, and that they had ' taf’ted divers Wines, for the Citizens did fet open-The poorer their Cellars for them, to enter at their Pleafure; Citizens join they exhorted each other, that, going to the Sue Stilth‘hedRe‘ ~ my, the Duke of Lanea/ter’s Houfe, t0 the Wthh 1,3,83,21,23..- there was none in the whole Realm to be com- woy,theDuk'e pared for Beauty and Statelinefs, they might fet ofLamafier‘s it on Fire, and burn it down to the Ground. . Houfe- Straightway they ran thither, and, fetting Fire on it round about, applied their Travel to 116* The Rebels {troy it.’ And that it might appeartQIhe. Com: Wald have monalty, that they did nOthanY.Thlng’f,0ngV%' §;‘p‘,‘§§afi‘; 3' rice, they caufed to be prgplaimed, that‘nOne, Man’s Ufe. ‘ , upon 90 upon Pain of loling his Head, {‘nould prefume to conVert, to his own Ufe, any Thing that was there ; but that they fhould break fuch Plate and Vefiels of Gold and Silver, as were there in great Plenty, into fmall Pieces, and then to throw the fame into the Thames, and f0 all, whatfoever, was dellroyed. But one of the Rebels, faith Henry Ex Her?» Knigbtan. 'Kniglotm, contrary to the Proclamation, took a goodly Silver Piece, and hid it in his Bofom; The Rebels but another that efpied him, toldhis Fellows, bum one Of who forthwith hurled him and the Piece of Plate the" dews' into the Fire, fayin'g, We are zealous of Truth ‘ Al- " and Juf’tice, and not Thieves or Robbers. TYVO-and— fo, two-and-thirty of thofe Rebels entered a- ‘h1rtYdRebFls Cellar of the Savoy, where they drank fo much of . 21351,? m fweet Wines, that they were not able to come out again in Time, but were fhut in with Wood and Stones, that mured up the Door, where they were heard crying and calling feven Days after, but none came to help them out, till they were all dead. The Nm Thefe Things being done, they broke down Trz'zpleofLon— the Place called the New T emple at the Bar, in don burnt, in Anger to Sir R0,”, Haler. lodged, for Anger which they had conceived a- .gainlt Sir Rooert Holes, Matter of St. yobn’s Hofpital; unto which Hofpital of St. 7o/m’s the ‘ T emple belonged, Where many Monuments, which the Lawyers hadin their Cultody, were confumed with Fire. After a Number of them had facked this Temple, what with VVearinefs of Labour, and What with Wine, being overcome, they lay down under the Walls and Houling, and were The Rebels flain like Swine , one of them killing another for muff-tone old Grudges, and others alfo made quick Dif- anot tr. . patch of them. The priory of Another Troop, in the mean Time, fet Fire St. jalm, be- on the noble Houfe of St. 70127:, at Clerken-well, fond SW71]- cauling it to burn by the Space of feven Days to- fie/d, burnt. f -‘ . . ,gether, not ufihrmg any to quench it. On Frz- The Manor day, they burnt the Manor of Hz‘gboury, the ‘)”1'{g'/35“U whole Number of the common People being, at bum“ that Time, divided into three Parts. ‘ 01" the The Rebels which Divifion, onePart was attending to dei‘troy divided into the Manor of Hzglalury, and other Places belong- ‘hl‘cc BandS- ing to the Priory of St. 70/972 : Another Compa- ny lay at .Mz'le—Eml, eaft of the City. The Third kept at T ower-Hz'll, there to fpoil the King of fuch Victuals as were brought towards The Rebels him. The Company that were afiémbled on command‘he .Mz'le-Eno’, fent to command the King, that 11:32,: '2: he ihould come to them without Delay, unarm~ them to ed, or without any Force; which if he refufed to Mile—EM do, they would pull down the T ower, neither fhould he efcape alive. The King taking Coun- fel, with a few unarmed, went toward them in great Fear, on Horfeback -, and fo, the Gates of the Tower being fet open, a great Multitude of them entered into it. ’ The Rebels There were, at the fame Time, within the Tow,— ier, fix—hundred armed valiant Perfons, and e);- pert in Arms, and fixnhundred Archers, all which did quail in Stomach, and flood as Men entered into the Tower of Lem/571, and their im u- . genthlm, amazedr For the bafel’t of the Rui’tics, not our there. many together, but every one by himfelf,‘ durl’t , ‘prelume to enter the King’s Chamber, and hisf Mother’s, with their Weapons, to put in Fear: » being valued at the Supprefiion, at 1221. 16s. each of the Men of War, Knights and others. Many of them went into the King’s PriVy-Cham~ her, and played the VVantons, in fitting, lying, and fporting them on the King’s Bed : And, that ' which is much more laueily, invited the King’s : Their bold Infulence to the King’s Mother. Mother to kifs- with them ; yet durf’t none of thofe Men of War, l‘trange to be faid, once withi’ta-nd that were but bafe Slaves, and of'mofl: vile Con- dition. . - The Rebels While thefe rude VVretches fought for the foughtfor the Archbifliop, running up and doWn with terrible 4 'T’ower of LondOn. Aerie/ems. ' and in devout Prayers. When therefore he heard which Place, Apprentices at the Law were' them. They went in and out like Mafters,5 W Book l. Noife and Fury; at length finding one of his Archbilbop Servants, they charged him to bring them where °f Cam’bm' his Maiter was, whom they named Traitor. The Servant, not daring to difpleafe them, brought them to the Chapel -, where, after ,Mafs. had been laid, and, having received the Communion, the Archbifhop was bufy in his Prayers: For, not The Archbi. unknowing of their Coming and Purpofe, he had flwp dread- 21le t a 'T' t. conf f ' ' lefsofthe p e he 1 Pt l\1gh in efling 0 his Sins, Rebels Cni. .« Cit , and his that they were come, With great Conftancy, he spzeches faid to his Men, ‘ Let us now go; furely it is belt with them. to die, when it is no Pleafure to live.’ And, with that, the Tormentors entering, cried, Where is the Traitor? The Archbilhop anfwered, Bee hold, I am the Archbifhop, whom you leek, not a Traitor. ,T hey therefore laid Hands. on him, The Archbi- and, dragging him out of the Chapel, they drew 9101) is fetch- him forth of, the Tower Gate, to T ewer-Hill, ed “mm”: . . , T ‘ where, being compaffed about With many Thou- dfigggdatfid - fands, and feeing Swords about his Head drawn Tower- in excellive Manner, threatening Death to him, H171- he fpake unto them in thefe Words : ‘ What is it, dear Brethren, you purpofe to The Archbi- ‘ do P What is mine Ofience committed againl’t fl‘0P’s Words ‘ you, for which you will kill me? You were ZZTZWIESPGH ‘ belt to take heed, that if I be killed, who am 3,11. ‘ your Pai’tor, there come not on you the Indig; ‘ nation of the juit Revenger, or, at the lealt, ‘ for fuch a ’Faét, all Eoglond be not put under ‘ Interdiétion.’ . * Scarce could he pronounce thefe Words, be- fore they cried out with an horrible Noife, that they neither feared the Interdiétion, nor, allowed the Pope to be above them. The ArchbilhoP, feeing Death at Hand, with comfortable Words, as he was an eloquent Man, and Wife beyond all the wife Men of the Realm, fpake fairly to them. Lai’tly, after F orgivenefs granted to the Execu— The Archbia tioner that lhould behead him, kneeling donm, “1090““?!- he offered his Neck to him that fhould fmite of 3:53;? '33} his Head. Being firicken in the Neck, but not headeli by the deadly, he, putting his Hand to his Neck, faid, Rebels. Aha, it is the Hand of God. ' He had not re moved his Hand from the Place where the Pain- was, but that, being fuddenly {tricken again, his Fingers Ends being cutofi‘, and Part of the Ar- .' ,teries, he fell down; but yet he died not, till, being mangled with eight feveral Strokes in the Neck and Head, he fulfilled mofl: worthy Mar- tyrdom. There lay his Body unburied all that The lnhfiima. Friday, and the Morrow, till Afternoon; none hull ‘0 gm h daring to deliver his Body to Sepulture. His “35%;? ° Head thofe wicked Villains took, and, nailing ' thereon his Hood, they fixed it on‘a Pole, and fet it on London—Bridge, in the Place where be- "fOre flood the Head of Sir 701m Mnflorwort/o. This Archbifhop, Simoa Tilold, also: seem), A further Re; Son to Nicholas T ilold, Gentleman, born in the lation «31: Town of Sudoury in Sufil/e, Doétor Of both ‘emmg “3 Laws, was eighteen Years Bifliop of London 5. in 22%;): firdh‘ the which Time, he built a goodly College, in his religious the Place where his Father’s Houfe flood, and en— AfllonS- dowed it with great PolTefIions, furnifhing the fame with fecular Clerks, and other Minifters; in Lands by the Year. He built the upper End of St. Gregory’s Church at Sudoury. Afterward, being tranflated to the Archbilhopric of Center- omy, flmzo 1 37 5, he re-edified the Walls of that The Wallqu City, from the Welt—gate, which he built, to Carlgréugyb the North—gate; which had been deltroyed by if]: 3“:th the Danes, before the Conquel’c of King ll/z'llz'em ihop. I the Ballard. ‘ He was flain, as you have heard, and after- ward buried in the Cathedral Church of Camera oury. There died with him Sir Robert Hales, a mall: The Lord Prior of St. jolm’s be- headed with the Archbi- I'nop. Many be— headed, both Fleming: and Eng/M2, to fulfil the headllrong Cruelty of the Com- rooms. The Villains made 3 Pat'- time of put- ting Men to Death. The firll Ar- ticle. The fecond Article . ‘ The third Article. L The fourth Article. "XVII. molt valiant, Knight, Lord of St; yobn’s, and Treafurer of England; and john Legg, one of the: King’s Serjeants at Arms; and a [trancz'fcan F ri‘ ar, named I/V. Appledare [flppletan] the King’s Confefi‘or: All whom they drew out of the T 0w~ er, and beheaded. them on T steer-Hill. Ric/aural. Lyons alfo, a famous Lapidary and. Goldfinith, late one of the Sheriffs of London, was drawn, out of his Houfe, and beheaded in-Claeap. Ma,- ny that Day were beheaded, as well Warning-5.21s Engli/lnnen, for no Caufe, but only to fulfil, the’ Cruelty of the rude Commons, For it was a fo- lemn Pal‘cime to them, if they could take any that was notfworn to them, to take from fuch-a one his Hood, with their accuitomed Clamours, and forthwith to beheadt him. Neither did they lhew any Reverence to facred Places -, for in the. very Churches ‘they did kill any whom they had in Hatred. They fetched thirteenFlemings out of the flngnflz'n Friars Church in London, and feventeen out of another Church, and thirty— two in the Vintry, and f0 in other Places of the City, as alfo in Sent/aware; all ‘which they be- headed, except they could plainly pronounce ‘ Bread and Cheefe. For, if their Speech founded any Thing on Brat or Cato/2’, off went their Heads, as a fure Mark that they were Fle- ntzngs. The King, coming to .Mz'le—Encl, the Place before recited, was greatly afraid, beholding the mad—headed Commons, who, with froward Coune tenances, required many Things, which they had put in Writing, and to be confirmed by the King’s Letters Patents. ‘ . ,. T lae Demands maa’e ay tlze Reaels to the King at MilCJEnd. ‘ x I. That all Men lhould be free from Servitude and Bondage; fo as, from thenceforth, there fhould be no Bondmen. ’ 2. That he lhould pardon all Men, of what Ellate'foever, all Manner of Aétions and Infur- reétions committed, and all Manner of Treafons, Felonies, Tra'nfgrefiions, and Extortions, by a— ny of them done, and to grant-them Peace. 3. That all Men, from thenceforth, might be enfranchifed to buy and fell in every County, Ci- ' ty, Borough, Town, F air, Market, and other- Place within the Realm of England. 4. That no Acre of Land, holden in Bondage or Service, lhould be holden but for four Pence : And, if it had been holden for lefs in former ‘ Time, it lhould not hereafter be enhanced. Reprehenfion of the King’s Government. A hard Ex- tremity for a King. The Efix Men returned Home. The King goeth to We]?— minflcr. The King fendeth to the Kent/fl) Men. ”falter Hil— finrj. alias (filer, their chief C 1p- tazn. Thefe and many other Things they required : And told him moreover, that he had been evilly governed till that Day 5 but, from that Time for— ward, he mufi: be governed otherwife. The King, perceiving that he could not efcape, except he granted their Requell, yielded to the lame; and f0, craving Truce, departed from them -, and the Eflex Men returned Homeward. On the Morrow, being Saturday, and the 15th of 7am, the King, after Dinner,‘ went, fromthe Wardrobe in the Royal in London, to [thnn'n- flier, to vifit theShrine of Edward the’King, and to fee if they had' done any Mifchief there. Then went he to the Chapel, called our Lady in the Plcw, where he made his Prayers; and, returning by the Suburbs of [Vt/l—sz’tlafirld, he found all. that Place: full of People, to wit, the Kentzjb Men. Wherefore he fent to thew them, that their Fellows, the Ellen Men, were gone Home; and that he would grant {to them the like Form of Peace, if it liked: them to accept thereof. ' Their. chief Capt. in named film, or, as other affirm, Walter Hilliard, alias T z'ler, being a crafty Fellow, and of an excellent Wit, but wanting To'W‘et "of London. i wanna. “Grace, anfwered : That he delired Peace, {bud :w1th Conditions to his Liking: Meaning to feed .the King with fair Words until next Day, that i he might in the Night time .haVe compailed his Purpofe. For they thought, the fame Night, to = have fpoiled the City ; the King being firl’e'flain,‘ and the Great Lords that were about him 5 then toy-have. burnt the City, by fetting Fire inifour’ l Parts thereof.- But Godsthat refifieth the Proud,- gchd fuddenly difappoint him." For whereas the .Form of Peace Was written in» three fever-a1 Char—i ; ters, and thrice fent to him 3 none of them fluid 3 pleafe him. Wherefore, at length, the King fent to him one of his Knights, named Sir ‘7alan'New— ; tan, not f0 much to command asto i‘ntreat him,‘ :for his Pride was well enough known, to come gand talk with him about his ownDemands,tto ihave them‘put, into his Charter: Of which De- mands I will fet down one, that it may plainly’ 3 appear, how Contrary to Reafon all the reit’ : were. - F irlt, .He would have a Commillion to behea‘d all Lawyers, Efcheators, and others whatfoever,‘ that were learned in the Law, or communicated . with the Law, by reafon of their Office. For he- had conceived in his Mind,that, this being erUght " to pafs, all Things afterward fliould be ordered ac»- cording to the Fancy of .the'common People.- And indeed it was faid, that he had, but the Day? before, made his Vaunt, putting his Hand to his own Lips, That, before four Days came to an End, all the Laws of Englana7 fhould proceed from his Mouth. When Sir 701m Newton was in Hand with him for Difpatch, heanfwered him-with Ina dignation : If thou art {0. haf’ty, get. thee to thy Malter, forI will come when it pleafeth me. Not-‘- . withi’eanding, he followed on‘Horfebacltta flow Pace; and, by the Way, there came» to him a « Doublet-maker, who had brought to the 1Com: mons threefcore Doublets, which they bought?- and wore; and [he demanded thirty Marks for them, but could have no, Payment. Wat T liar anfwered him, faying, ‘ Friend, appeafe thyfelf, ‘ thou {halt be well paid before this Day be ‘ ended; keep thee near to me, I will be-thy ‘. Creditor.’ . ‘ Setting Spurs to his Horfe, he departed from his Company, and came f0 near to theKing,’ , that his Horfe- had touched the Crupper of the, King’s Horfe ; and the firflWords he fpake, were thefe : .Sir King, Seefi: thou all yonder People .9 Yea, truly, quoth the King, Wherefore fayel’tthou mandment, and have fworn to me their Faith and Truth, to do all that I would have them. In good Time, replied the King, I believe it well. Then faid Wat T iler, believelt thou, King, that 'thefe People, and as many more as be in London,- at my Command, will depart from theehthus, without having thy Letters 5“ No, faid theKing, ye {hall have them, they are ordained for» you, and ihall be delivered to every one of them. ~ .. At thefe Words, Wat Tiler feeing the Knight Sir 701m Newton near to him on Horfeback, bear- ing the King’s .Sw0rd, was olfended, and faid, It had become him better to be on Foot in his Pref fence. The Knight, not having forgot his old ac— cuftomed Manhood, anfwered, That it was no Harm, feeing himfelf was alfo on Horfeback}; Which Words fo offended Wat, that he drew his Dagger, and offered to {trike the Knight, calling him Traitor. The Knight anfwered, thathe lied; and drew his Dagger likewife’. .Wat T zler, 'not {offering fuch an Indignity toibe done him, and before his ruftic Companions, - made as if he would have run upon the Knight. The King, therefore, feeing the Knight in ‘Danger, to afs fwage the Rigor of Wat for the Time, command—_ ed the Knight toalight on foot, A a his f0? Becaufe, faid he, they are all at my Corn—- . 92 The Wicked and bloody Intent of thd Rebels in the Night—time. The Kifig fendeth Sir 70/271 Neuron , to Wat war; about his own Demands. One of War Tiler’s ‘arro- gant De- mands made” tuthe King. - A bold Brag of a Rebel.- ‘70/312 Tickle; the Doublet~ maker, his ~' coming to {Vat (filer, . and whatAni fwer he made him. Ufa! Tiler's coming to the King, and his audacious Words to him. A lamentable Cafe when a King {bould’ be in {rich - Difirefs; W’at Tiltrls ' ' Words to Sir yam Neewtan, who did hear» the King’s Sword. The Knight? commanded to alight on Foot before and to deliver- the Rebel. 9 2 The Coming of Mlliam Wax/worth, Lord Mayor of Lam/071, to the King, and his worthy Words to him. Tower. of London. his Dagger to Wat Tiler. But when his proud Mind could not be fo pacified, but he would alfo have his Sword, the Knight anfwered, It was the King’s Sword; and, quoth he, though art not worthy to have it, nor durl’t thou ask it of me, if, here were no more but thou and I. By my Faith, faid Wat Tiler, I {hall never eat, un- til I have thy Head, and would have run in up- on theKnight. _ At that very Ini’tant came to the King William Walwortb, Lord Mayor of London, a bold, cou— rageous, and brave~minded Man, with many Knights and Efquires to allifl: the King, and he faid, “ My Liege, it were a great Shame, and “ fuch, as never had before been heard of, if in “ that Prefence, they fhould permit a Noble ‘f Knight to be ihamefully murthered, and before “ the Face of their Sovereign; wherefore he ought “ to be refcued, and Tiler the Rebel to be arreit- “ ed.” Which Words being heard, the King, al- _ though he were but of tender Years, taking Bold- ”?Jliam W121- Iwortfi, Lord Mayor ofLon- don. arrelied Wat Tiler, and felled him to the Ground. ”'ut Tyler, the Rebel, flain in Smith- 1221.1. The King's kind Words to the rude Multitude. They follow- ed the King into the Field. Another wor- ' thy .Aé‘tion performed by ‘-the Lord Mayor. A noble and loyal For- wardnel's in true-hearted Citizens for the Succour of their King, being in great Dilirefs. nefs and Courage to him, commanded the Mayor of London to lay Hands upon him. The Mayor, being a Man of an incomparable Spirit and Bold- nefs, without any further Delay or Doubting, {traight arref’ted him with his Mace upon the Head; and in fuch fort, that he fell down at the Feet of his Horfe. By and by, they which attendedon the King, environed him round about, whereby he was not feen of his Company. And an Efquire of the King’s, called yolm Cavendi/b, a— lighted from his Horfe, and thrul’t his Sword in- to Wat T iler’s Belly : Although .more Opinions hold, that the Mayor did it with his Dagger, and many, befide, thrui‘t him in, in many flaces of his Body, and then drew him from among the People, into the Hofpital of St. Bartholomew. Which, when the Commons perceived, they cried out, that their Captain was traiteroufly flain, heartening one, another to fight, and to revenge his Death, bending their Bows. But the King rode to them, faying, ‘ What a Work is this, ‘ my Men ? What mean you to do P Will you ‘ fhoot at your King? Be not quarrellous, or forty ‘ for the Death of a Traitor and Rebel : I am ‘ your King, I will be your Captain and Leader : ‘ Follow me into the Field, there to have whatfo- i ever you require.’ This the King did, left the Commons, being bitterly bent in Mind, Ihould fet Fire on the Houfes in Smitlrfiold, where their Captain was (lain. They therefore followed him into the open Field, and the Soldiers that were with him not knowing as yet Whether they would kill the King, or be in Reit, and depart home with the King’s Charter. In the mean while, worthy Waltvortla, the, for ever, famous Mayor of London, to fecond his firlt Piece of Service which fell out to fo good Pur— pofe, only with one Servant, riding fpeedily into the City, began to cry, “ You good Citizens, “ come to help your King, that is in doubt to be “ murdered; and fuccour me your Mayor, that “ am in the like Danger: Or, if you will not fuc- “ cour me, yet leave not the King defiitute.” When the Citizens heard this, in whofe Hearts the Love of the King was ingrafted, fuddenly, and very feemly prepared, to the Number of a Thou- fand, they tarried in the Streets for fome one of the Knights to lead them, with the Lord Mayor, to the King: And, by good Fortune, Sir Robert Knowles, a Freeman of the City, came in the very ‘Inltant, whom they all required to be their Lea- der. He gladly undertook Part of them; and Pera’ata: Dalbert, the Lord Mayor, and fome o- ther Knights, led on the reft to the King’s Pre- fence. The King, and all that were with him, I'CJOiCCd not a little at the unhoped for Coming of thefe brave armed Citizens, who fuddenly com- pafl‘ed the whole Multitude of the Commons. Change of God’s Right Hand; how the Com— Aotzdoatr. - Book I. There might a Man have feen a wonderful A wonderful Alteration ar- mong the Re - mons did now throw down their \Neapons, and. ‘61:, fall to the Ground, befeeching Pardon -, who lately before did glory that they had the King’s Life in their Power; and now were glad to hide them—, felves in Caves, Ditches, Corn Fields, fife. The Knights, therefore, defirous to be revenged, be~ fought the King to permit them to take off the Heads of an hundred or two of them. But the GreatWii‘- King would not condefcend to their Requeit; do”) and Dix”! but commanded the Charter which they had “ffvi‘lf’ngfighc demanded, written and fealed, to be delivered “sang”. g ' to them for the Time, to avoid any more Mifchief : As knowing well, that Ejfex was not yet pacified, nor Kent flayed, the Commons and Rultics of which Countries were ready to rife again, if he did not fatisfy them the fooner. The Commons, having got the Charter, departed Homeward; and, the rudePeople being difperfed and gone, the King called for his valiant Mayor of London, ll/illiam Walwort/a, whom, with great William We]. Honour, he knighted there in the Field, and as “with Lfoer he had very worthily deferved. The like he did ‘ allow 0’" don, knighted in the Field, and other AL dermen with im. to Nicholas Brematr, 9’0,sz Ploilfot, Rooort Lateral, :701372 Standiflr, Nickolas Twifora’, and fltlam Fraaois, Aldermen. Afterward the King, with his Lords and his Company, orderly entered into the City of London with great Joy, and went to his Royal Blo- ther, who was lodged in the T ower Royal, called the @een’s W ara’roao. And there {he had remain- ' ed two Days and two Nights, very much abaihed and amazed. But, when “It: faw the King her Son, {he was highly comforted, and faid, Ah fair Son, what great Sorrow have I fuffered for you this Day! The King anfwered, and faid, “ Certain— “ ly, Madam, 1 know it well, but now rejoice, “ and thank God, for I have this Day recovered “ my Heritage, and the Realm of England, which “ I had near hand loll.” _ The Archbilhop’s Head was taken off the Bridge, and Wat Tiler’s Head let 'up in the Place. Here we are further to confider, that, for an eternal Remembrance of this happy Day, and the City’s Honour withal, the King granted, that there lhould be a Dagger added to the Arms of the City, in the right (garter of the Shield, for an Augmentation of the fame Arms, and a Me‘ The comfor- table Words of the King to his Mother. Wat Tilt/s Head. The Arms of London aug- mented by Addition of a Dagger. ' mory of the Lord Mayor’s valiant Aét, as doth appear unto this Day. For, till that Time, the, City bare only the Crofs Without the Dagger. And whereas it hath been far fpread abroad by Concerning vulgar Opinion, that the Rebel, fmitten down f0 vulgar Mi- m'anfully by Sir Mlliam Walwortb, the then wor— gak‘"3 She thy Lord Mayor of London, was named j‘acle N35132: the Straw, and not [Vat Tiler; I thought good to re- Rebels. concile thisraih conceived Doubt, by fuch Tel‘ti— mony as I find in ancient and good Records. The principal Leaders and Captains of the Commons were Wat Tiler, as the firft Man that took him- felf to be offended. The fecond was 70k}: or 7ack Straw ; the third, was j‘olm Kirkoy; the fourth, Allen T bredtler ; the fifth, T looma: Scott , the fixth, Ralph Ragga. Thefe, and many others, were Leaders of the Kenti/lo and Efix Men. At Mldeaball, and Bury in Safolk, was Rofiort Wayl- orome, that made himfelf a King; and was molt famous, next to joint Wrawe, who being a Priell, could not fet Crown upon Crown, but left the Name of King and Crown to the faid Robert. At Norwich, 701m Liteyier, a Dyer, exercifed the Name and Power of a King, till he was taken and hanged for his Pains. Thus dangeroufly had this Rebellion difperfed itfelf abroad. But the The Rebez. happy and profperous Succefs at London, with lion 2214‘s); other good Care for them further off, gave a gra- :Engemall’i‘; cious Nine to all in the End. Places. After the Death of Wat Tiler, and “foot from eing The Name of the chief Captains and Ringleader; in the Reba:- lion. Chap. XVII. being taken, with divers others, as chief Aetors in this monitrous Diforder -, the fore-named Lord Mayor fat in Judgment upon the Of- fenders, and pronounced the Sentence of Death upon them. At which Time, the Lord Mayor fpake openly to him thus : yohn, quoth he, behold, thy Death is at hand without all doubt, and there is no Way through which thou mayef’c hope to ef- cape ', wherefore, for thy Soul’s Health, without . makingany Lye, tell us what you purpofed to have done among you ; and to what End you did affemble the Commons 9 When he had flayed a while, as doubtful what to fay, the Mayor began thus again to him : Surely thou knowefi, yohn, that the Thing which I demand of thee, if thou do it truly, it will redound to thy Soul’s Health, {936. He therefore, animated by the Lord Mayor’s good Words, began as followeth : The Confcfion of Jack Straw to the Lord Mayor of ‘ London, hefore his Death. “ Now it booteth not to lye, neither is it lawful to utter any Untruth; efpecially underftanding that my Soul is to fuffer more {traiter Tor~ ments, if I fhould f0 do. And becaufe I hope for two Commodities by fpeaking the Truth : F irft, That what I {hall fpeak, may profit the ‘_“ Commonwealth -, And, fecondly, after my “ Death, I trui’t by your Suffrages to be fuc- “ coured, according to your Promifes, which is “ to pray for me; I will fpeak faithfully, and “ without any Deceit. “ At the fame Time as we were aifembled up- on Blaehheath, and had fent to the King to come unto us ; our Purpofe was to have flain “ all fuch Knights, Efquires, and Gentlemen, as , “ Ihould have given their Attendance thither up- Their Intent “ on him. And, as for the King, we would have far gaping “ kept him among us, to the End that the Peo- I e mg“ ple might more boldly have repaired to us; fince they would have thought, that whatfoever “ we did, the fame had been done by his Autho- “ rity. Finally, when we had gotten Power e- nough, that we needed not to fear any Force which might be made againl’t us, we would have flain all fuch Noblemen as might either have given Counfel, or made any Refiflance The Lord Mayor fat in Judgment on the Rebels ; and hisVVords that he ufed to jark Straw. ( I‘ ‘ h C 0‘ (L 1 1" What they intended to u do at Blach- at heath. ‘6 “ (C (C TheKiliing of “ allNoblemen. tc Engaged! “ againft us; efpecially we would have flain the that had any “ Knights of Rhodes or St. 7ohn’s: And Pofl'eflions. ‘6 “ lal’tly, we would have killed the King him- felf, and all Men of Poli'eflions -, with Bifhops, “ Monks, Canons, and Parfons of Churches. “ Only Friars Mendieant: we would have fpared, “ that might have fufficed for Miniitration of the “ Sacraments. “ When we had made a Riddance of all thofe, we would have devifed Laws, according to which Laws the Subjeéts of the Realm Ihould Creation of “ have lived. For we would have created Kings, Kings among “ as Wat Tiler in Kent, and others in other Coun- d‘em' ' “ tries. But becaufe this our Purpofe was difap— pointed by the Archbilhop of Canterbury, that would not permit the King to come to us -, we “ fought by all Means to difpatch him out of the “ Way, as at length we did. Moreover, the fame “ Evening that Wat Tiler was killed, we were determined, having the greatef’t Part of the ‘5 Commons of the City bent to join us, to have Their Intent “ fet Fire in four Corners of the City, and fo to ‘0 bum IM- “ have divided'among ourfelves the Spoil of the dm‘ chiefefl; Riches that might have been found, at our own Pleafure. And this, faid he, was our Purpofe, as God may help me now at my lafc “ End. , ' After this Confeflion made, he was beheaded, and his Head fet on London-Bridge by Wat T iler’s, K.RichardII. and many others. Laws devifed by them- “ felves. c ( Their Malice “ to the Arch- cc bifhop; for what Caufe. ii 0 ONE 0‘ 0‘ in n keP‘Q’fi/i- Now to proceed to other Aé‘tions in the Tower. 72713:: the I“ the Year 1387, King Richard held his F eafl Tower of London. Oocarrenoer. 93 of Chrijtinas in the Tower. And, in the Year 1389, the fame King was fent Prifoner to the Tower. In the Year 14.14, Sir ohn Olden le broke o ' o ,l of the Tower. And the mee Year/h. Parliameh: ill/23013“. being held at Leieefler, a Porter of the Tower 0““ “the was drawn, hanged, and beheaded, whofe Head :13? '1? t ,— was ‘fent up, and fet over the Tower Gate, for thee‘fogheiro confenting to one Whiteloeke, that broke but of hanged- the Tower. In the Year r419, Friar Randolph was fent to Friar Ran- the Tower, and was there flain by the Parfon'of We” in the St. Peter’s in the Tower. 76W”- In the Year 142 6, there came to London a lewd A Counterfeit Fellow, feigning himfelf to be fent from the Em— Phyfician’9 peror to the young King, Henry the Sixth, cal- lie-ad {tronf ling himfelf the Baron of Blaekanzore; and that 2,3,2?“ he fhould be the principal Phyfician in this King— dom : But, his Subtlety being known, he was ap- prehended, condemned, drawn, hanged, behead- ed, and quartered; his Head fet on the Tower of éondon, and his @arters on the four Gates of the ity. In the Year 1458, in. Whitfltn iVeele, the Duke of Somerfet, with Anthony Rivers, and other four, kept Jui’ts before the Qieen in. the Tower of Lon- don, againf’t three Efquires of the Qleen’s, and others. In the Year 1465, King Henry the Sixth was brought Prifoner to the Tower, where he remained loncr. I: the Year 14.70, the Tower was yielded to Sir Richard Lee, lVIayor of London, and his Bre-e thren the Aldermen 3, who forthwith entered the fame, delivering King Henry of his Imprifona ment, and lodged him in the King’s Lodging there. But the next Year he was again fent thin ther Prifoner, and there murthered. ‘ In the Year 1478, George Duke of Clarence was drowned in :1 Butt of Alalmfey, in the Tower ; and, within five Years after, King Edward the Fifth, with his Brother, were murthered there. In the Year 148 5, 70hr Earl of Oxford was made Conf’table of the Tower, and had the Culto— dy of the Lions granted him. In the Year 1501, in the Month of May, was a Royal Turney of Lords and Knights in the Tower of London, before the King. ‘ In the Year 1502, Qieen Eli/aheth, Wife to Henry the Seventh, died of Childbirth in the Tower. In the Year I 509, Sir Richard Empfon, Knight, and Edmund Dudley, Efq; Serjeant at Law, of which Dudley was of a good Family, but Empfon, was reported the ,Son of a Sievemaker -, were committed to the Tower. Thefe two were em- ployed by King Henry the Seventh, to_ raife Mo..- ney upon Penal Laws, for the Filling of .1115 Colfers ; which they did very Vigoroufly, in a Commiflion for Forfeitures; for which, in the Jufiing in the TQ‘IUl’r- n. M. K. Henry {7L Prifoner in the Tower. Hen. VI. mur. thered in the Tower. Duke of Cla— reme drowned in the Tower. Edna V. mur- thered in the (Tower. Pat. 1. Hen. VII. Jails andTur- neying in the Tower. F irl’t of King Henry the Eighth, they Were both Daddy and condemned and attainted by Parliament; and 562136sz upon the I 8th of Augn/t, I 510, they were behead- ed, to fatisfy the Clamours of the People. . In the Year 1512, the Chapel in the White Chapel'in the Tower was burnt. Z; :1: 1W” done I 51 3, Edmund de la Pole, Earl of Snfolh, Edmfide In whom Philip Duke of Auflria had delivered up, Po/ebe- . into the Hands of King Henry the Seventh, on Con- headed. dition that he {hould not put him to Death: R. B. And he performed his Promife : But his “Son, King Henry the Eighth, on the 30th of April the faid Year, caufed him to be beheaded on Tower- Hill. In the Year 1521, upon fome Speeches caft forth, a Difference happened betwrxt Cardinal W ol/Z’y and the Duke of Buckingham; whereupon the Cardinal finds Means to take away his Life -, he alledging, that the Duke fhould fay to the Duke of Buchingham beheadedt. I Lor 94- Lord 412737 gavenny, who married his Daughter, I hat, if King H enry died without Ifl'ue, he would look to have the Crown himfelf: So that he, be- ing tried by his Peers, was found guilty- , and, upon the 1 7th of May,- he was led 0y joint Keynze and john ble-vz'ngton, then Sherifi’s of London, to the Scaffold upon T 077e7 -H7'll, and was there be- headed. In the Year I 5 34, john Fzflier, Bii'hop of Ro- olodlcr, and Sir T/oLmas .More, late Lord Chancel- lor, both 1ema1kable Men, were Committed to the Town, for Denying t0 fwear to the A61: 0f , Succeflion made the la-lt Pailiament: Y et both profefiing a Readinefs t0 fwear to the Succefiion itfelf, but not to the whole Aét, wherein the Marriage with (Lueen Katharine, the King’s firl’c Wife, was declared to be againft the Law of God; and wherein alfo were t)fome Touches a- g'ainft the Pope’s, Authority. For this Refufal, they were attainted by Parliament. And after- wards, in another Parliament, an Aft pafl’ed for the King’s Sup1emacy, and for Aboliihing of the Fi/lrer and 1Mo7-e commit- ted to the Tower, and executed. y. 8. Pope’ 5 Power 1n this Realm. This A8: alfo they" refufing to fwcar to, in 777m, finno 153 5, upon ' the faid Attainder, the Bifhop Was executed on 7 Tower— Hill; and, the next 1V10nth, the Knight 1n the fame Place. ed, as being a Man of great Learning, and of a good Life: And Sir T homo: MoreD was both learned, and very wife -, but fo given to the Vein of n1er1y' Jefi'ing and Scoffino g, that he Could not refl 1111 it at the Time of his Death. When he was carried to the To oer, his upper Garment being dema,nded meaning his Gown, he gave them his Cap, fa) mg, That was the up— permof’t Garment he had. When he had been there clofe Prifoner for fome Time, they took from him all his Books- -, whereupon he fhut up all his Windows- -, and being afked, why. P He R. B. His Deport- mcnt at his Death. Ware 15 all gone. Nay, when he was Upon the Scalfold, the Executioner kneeled down, and aiked him F orcrivenefs I forgive thee, fays he. ' And, when hep was to lay his Head down on the Block, he, having a great grey Beard, faid to the Executioner, Ipray let me lay my Beard over the Block, left you {hould cut it, for, though you have a \Varrant to cut ofl' my Head, you have none to cut my Beard. 1 (Lueen Anne Ballen, King Henry’ s fecond Wife, was in the Month of May, flnno I5 36 brought to the T ower, and there a1 raigned and beheaded in the fame Month, on a Scaflold upon the Green within the T otoer In the fame Month of May, upon her Caufe, Lord R0650”! Were brought to the T ower the Lord Roe/oford, her 1477713 77llen be- headed . :7. S. T he Biihop was much lament— . anfwered, It IS Time to {hut up 3110p, when the» TOWer of London; Occurrences.» ~ .1...“ .... , maker for the Mint 1n the T o e",e7 fell afleep, and A'nno 154.1, beheaded within the faid T Let er "An Execution the more remarkable, in that {he was the lai’c of the right Line, and Name of Plan- tagenet. . And lb was the L01d Leonard Grey, Brother And the Lord to the Marquis of Dorfet, in 777ne following, on G’)’ S the Hill; lometime eXecuting the Place 01 De- .put'y Lieutenant of Ireland, under the Duke of R7e/ornond. And in like Manner, in .F'eoruary followgrin ,And Q1917 two Great Ladies, @een Kat/amine Howard, the Howard and King’s fifth Wife, and the L ady Rockford, 1011 Lidy 16"" their Heads on the Green within the Tower. Alfo this Year, 1541, in the Beginning off L Ifedxes 1n Mare/1, Sir Art/our Plantagenet, Bafia1d Son of the [WW King Edward toe Fourth, and the King’s Lieute- ,nant DofCalaz's, died in the Tower; not by a fatal Execution, but by 9. Joy as fatal -, at the graci- ous Meli’age fent him 1r0m the King, with a Dia- mond Ring, brought by PVMotlny y the King’s Secretary; aflliring him how fully fatisfied the ,King now was in his Innocency, and that he was, no longer a Prifoner._ Laitly, The lait Execution, in the Reign of Bax-10f SW , King Henry VIII, was of Henry Earl of 18'777ry, executed the Duke of Norfolk’ 3 eldeft Son , who died on Towe7 ~117ll 1n faraary, flnno 1 546 T 0 proceed now to othe1 Accidents and Exe: cutions. ] In the Year 1546, on the 27th of flp‘rz'l, it be}, ing T nefday 1n Ea/ler -l17eele, [Vi/77am $777713, Pot- II/z'll. Farley flept in the Torwer 14.. Days and more, with.-' cut Waking.'. fo continued {leeping , and could not be wake ned by Pricking, Cramping, Burning, or othelwife whatfoever, 1111 the firft Day of the 1_ erm, which was full the Space of I4Days.and 1 5 IVight's, or ; more; for that Eafler Term beginneth not before 17 Days after 124717.111: Cau1e of his thus Ileeping could not be known, although the lame Were diligently fearched after by the King’ 5 Phy— ficians, and other learned Men, Yea, the King himfelf examined the faid Foxlcy, who was in all Points found, at his Wakening‘, to be as if he had flept bIJt One Night, and he lived more than ferty Years after 1n the faid T ouer, to wit, un- til the Year of Chrift 1587, and then dcceafed 011 . Mdnefday 1n Ea/ler-Wee/e. . In the Year I 5 5 3, Qieen Mary now reigning the young Lady jane Grey was beheaded within the Tower, on the 12th of Peoraaryg who upon the Scaffold made a moli ingenious Speech, and full of Pity , in Effeé’t, That fhe Came thither for an Example t0 P01terity, that Innocence cannot be any Protection againi’c Greatneis; and that, :Iadi 7am , Grty behead- edl RB. -fhe Was come thither, nOt for Afpiring to a ‘ Crown, but for not Refufing one when it was 5 offered her. Not long after, in the fame Menth, and the DaLe of 1‘11]; '2 3d Day, Henry Grev, Duke of Sujolk', Father to fit behead- the faid Lady 7am, was alfo beneadea on Tot; erc- 9d . On the 11th of flprz’l following, Wyat, who," (3147118119311. Was the Occalion of the Deaths of the two for- ed and quar— me‘r, himfelf was beheaded in the lame Place, med ' whofe Head was fet up upon the Gallow s at Hay: Hill, near Hyde- Park, and his Qjarters 1n fevcral Places of the City Rooer't Earl of Eflex was beheaded 1n the T :71 er- Earl of 5/5,, ' Yard, on the 2 5m of Felruary, 1600, who, before beheaded . his Death, defired to lpeak with fome of them ; that Were in the Conlpiracy with him, efpecially Blount and Cafe , whom as f00n as he law, he broke forth into thefe Words : "'A'Ik‘ Pardon of '- .God and the Qieen , for thou hail: chiefly pro- ‘ voked me to this Difloy alty.’ ' In the Year 1603, Sir Walter R: :leiglo was ar— Si: yum, ’ reigned and condemned, but kept P1 1‘0ner 1n the Raleign’ be. ' Tower, where he wrote his Hiltory of the World, headed- 2:13:23” Br0ther, and Henry Norrzr, Mar/e 15772777777, l/Vz'llzam Brzerton, and Prancz's W flon, all of the King’s Pr}vy Chamber, and 101’: their Heads on T otver- Ht'l. _Lord Dart} The fame Fate did the Lord Darcy Undergo on ' Hill beheaded? the fame Hill, in :777717, 1477770 I 538, having been ._ concerned In a Rebellion in the North And the Mar- The like Execution was taken, in the Month 2121100121131; 7 of 7a7777ary following ,upon Henry Courtney, Mar- 77171777, See. ' quis of Exeter, Henry Pole, L01d Montaeate, and Sir Edward Nevyl, and' In the fame Place. And, in Mare/a following, Sir Nickolas Ca7eto, Knight of the Garter, and Mafier of the King’s Horfe. 2nd ”“3117?rd The next Year, oiz.1540, in theD Month of ”m"?! 3 ‘7uly, the like Punifhment was 111111511211 0n the faid Hill, upon 77111111711 Lord C7o777well, Earl of 1Eflex, the King’s Great Counfellor 1n the D150: lution of Monal’teries, and Afl'umption of the Su- premacy , together W 1th the Lord Hungerford of _ Hezti/l/ary. And the; Margaret Countefs of Sall/l/ary, attainted 1n the Egg???" Year 15 3 9, together with Reginald Pole, after- wards Cardinal, c’and feveral others, was in .May, "until the Year 1617, when he was, by King 4. yarn“ Chap. XVII. fame: the Fir/2, allowed, upon his earnefl: Defire, to fetch Gold from a certain Mine in Guiana, in the Weft-Indies; wherein he mifcarried. After . which, King 7ames gave Way to have the Sen- tence of Death executed upon him -, having firfl: been brought to the King’saBenab Bar the 27th of Ofiober, 16 I 8, and there hearing the Sen; tence confirmed. From whence he was fent to the Gate-Houfe, and from thence the next Morn- ing to the Pala'ce—Tard, .where a Scaffold was e- ‘reéted; and there he was beheaded, after fourteen Years Reprieve: Which the World thought very -hard.of, having been a Perfon of fuch uncom- mon Merit. ' Lady Ara- In the Year 1615, on the 27th of September, Lilla. the Lady drabella died in the Tower. Sir T507224: _ In the fame Year, Sir T loomas 'Overéury was 3):;be P0“ spoifoned in the Tower ; for which the Earl of So- merfet and his Lady were condemned; Sir Ger- ‘vafe Elwes, then Lieutenant'Of'the Tower, Mrs. Turner, and divers. others Were executed. ' Sir Francis In the Year 162 1,.Sir Francis Bacon, Lord Ve- r13mm in the rulam, was difplaced, and committed to the lower. Tower. - ' . Earlsofarun- In the Year 1625, the Earl of drundel was (fr/and Bridal committed to the Tower -, and the Year following, m the 70W“ the Earl of Briflol. » ; Bored/21am- In the Year 1631, on our Lady—Day, the Earl wenbehcaded-of Ca/lle/oaven was arraigned; and the 14th of May following, was beheaded on T ower—Hill. A In the Year x640, the Earl of 'Straford was impeached of High Treafon, and committed to the Black-Rod, Now. the I 1th ; committed to the Tower, December the 8th. ~He is charged in the Houfe of Lords, yanuary the 30th. He made his Defence before the Houfe of Lords, and is remanded to the Tower, February the 24th. His Tryal began Mare/o the 22d, and ended April the I 5th, 164.1. He is voted the fecOnd Time guilty of High Treafon, by the Houfe of Lords, May the 6th. A Bill for the Execution of him, figned by the King, and beheaded. On Tower—Hill, May the 12th. . , ‘ _ ‘ " In the fame Year, the Archbifhop of Canter- bury, Dr. WilliamLaud, is fequei’cered, and com- mitted to the Black Rod, Decemoerpthe 18th ; is accufed of High Treafonibefo're- the V'Houfe’ of Lords, and ordered to the Tower, February the 26th; and was'beheaded on T ower'—Hill, ~7anu£ ary the~Ioth, 1644—5. His Head‘being fevered from his Body, theywere both put‘into a Coffin, and carried to a Surgeon’s Houfe on T gamma 3 where the Head being fewed on, the-Corps was interred in Barkin-Cloure/o -,from whence it was removed the 16th of j‘uly, 1663, to the Chapel of St. 7olon’s -College, at Oxford ; which was nineteen Years after. 2‘ ‘ Bifhop Wren -‘ In the Year, 1641, Bilhop Wren was accufed of i“ the 70W" High Treafon, and afterwards fent to the Tower 5 and, in the fame Year, twelveBiihops were ac- cufed by the Houfe of Commons of High Trea— fon -, of which ten, Biihop Wren being one, were committed to the Tower, and the other two to the Black Rod, Deeemaer the 3 1ft. Sir Riebard In the Year .1642, 7uly the I 1th, Sir Rio/yard Gzzrrerinthe Gurney, being then Lord Mayor of London, was E. ofStrafird beheaded. Archbifhop Laud in the Tower, and beheaded. 70”" committed to the Tower. ’ . The Hotbam: . In the Year 1644, on the lit and 2d of 7anu- beheaded. ary, Sir 702m Hot/9am the Father, and Captain Holloam his Son, were beheaded on T ower-Hill. In the Year 1646, on the 11th of 7uly, Mr. ‘To‘wer. :7o/on Lilourn was committed to the Tower. Sir {reams In the Year 1647, Augufl the 7th, Sir T loomas Fairfax Con— Fairfax, General of the Parliament’s Forces, was flablc offhe made Cenftable of the Tower. Tow" _ . In the Year 164.8, the Lord Capel, being Pri- Lord Capel, foner in the Tower, made his Efcape ; but on the 2d, of February was taken in Lamont/o, being be— trayed, by the Waterman that carried him, and ‘ NU M B. IX. ' Liléurn in the Tower of London. Occurrences. 9i fent back to the Tower; and was beheaded with Duke Hamil, Duke Hamilton and the Earl of Holland, in the Pa- in”! and Earl lace-Yard at We/lminfler, Mn}: the th following. OchZ/‘W bé; In the Year 164.9, Noneméer the igth, Mr.- iiidclima Walker, a Parliament-Man, and the Author of died in the the Hi/lory of Independemy, was committed to the 97”" TDIUerh where he died. ' h t e Year 1651, 'Marelo the 2 th; at Five a ,0, ', Clock at' Night, Captain Brown 199ufloel was be: feheii’deldsfii" headed under the Sealfold upon Tower-bill, by Order of Parliament ; for that he had formerly delivered up to the King Sear'oorougb Cattle.- In the fameYear, about the 2 3d of Auger/l, Loveand Gib. Mr. Love, a Pr'eibyterian Minifter, and Mr. Gib- 50’“ be‘ ‘ om were beheaded o'n Towers/sill. . g headd- Alfo, in the fame Year, about the Beginning Mafiyima of Nouemoer, -Major General Mafley, being very Prifoncd. ' mUCh wounded, furrendered himfelf to the Coun- tefs 'of Stamford; but the Lord Grey, her Son, fchred and fent him to London; from thence fent to the Tower, and mee ‘Time after made his Efcape. ' In the Year 1653, flugu/l the 20th, 'When 70% 7, any”; Lilaurn', being acquitted by his Jury, in the fen: to the Guild-Hall, London, was {cut back to Newgale, “Tom“ and, upon the 27th of the faid Month, was fent from thence tothe Tower. . " In the Year 16 5 5, on the '16th of yanuary, Colonel Overfon was cOmfnitted to the Tower. . And in‘ the fame Year, on the 18th of May, three'Serjeant's at Law, ‘viz. Maynard, T wifden, and Mud/3am, Were committed to the Tower. And, on the 9th 'of f7une the fame Year, the Lord Willoug/be of Par/9am was committed to the Tower. ‘_ In the Year 1656, Noveméer the lit, the Sil— ver was taken ; the Spam/la Gallean brought into the Tower; and the Marquis of Baden and his Brother'imprifoned in the Tower. And in the. fame Year, Feéruary the 9th, [Wiles Sundereomi was broughtto his Trial in WE/lminfler Hall, and the Sentence of Death paITed againft him for Treafon 5. and on the 13th he was found dead, being faid‘to have’p’oi‘foned himfelf. But, notwith- fianding. that, the.17th. he was drawn at the Horfe’s _'1‘ail.to T ower-Hill, where, under the Scaffold, (a Hole being digged, he was turned in naked, and "21 Stake driven through him. . . In the Year 1657, 7uly the 24th, Col.- Edward 34x5}, Jay/716;, Saxby was committed to the T ower; and, on the and Alarm” 17th of Augujl following, Mr. fl/bley and Mr.- 1“ the 70W" fllanfon were committed to the fame Place.- » .And in” the fame Year, on 7anuary the 13th, Colonel Saxoy died in the Tower. In the Month of April 1658, Dr. Hewet was committed'to the Tower 5 and, on the 1ft of yune following, he and Mr. Mordan‘t were brought to their Trials before a High Conrt of Juflzice. Mr. 3;, Hm), Mordaunt was acquitted, but Sir Henry Sling/[5y Slingréy and and Dr. Hewet received Sentence of Death ; and 1236:3623“ on the 8th of 7une following were both beheaded ' on Tower-Hill. ' In the Year 1658, Augujl the 24th, the Duke Dfike'of of Buckingham was Committed to the T ower. Bueb‘m the In . the Year 1659, 711m the 29th, the Lady £01311?Mary Mary Howard was committed to the Tower ; and Hawmmi at the“ fame Time many other Perfons of Note the Teeter. were feized, and fecured in feveral Prifons. In the fame Year, on 7anuary the 7th, -—"" Morley, Lien,‘ Morley was made Lieutenant of the Tower ; and: giant of thr- on the 2 5th of the fame Month, Sir 8056’” P)" ”W“ and Major Fine/oer were thither committed, and on the 2 I it of February following were difcharged. Alfo, on the 15th of Marci» the lame Year, 131' Bifhop WW {hop Wren, after eighteen Years Imprifonment enlarged' in the Tower, was enlarged. , In the Year I660, on 74711147} the 9th, LflM' £47715”? 1 am fubmitted to the Parliament, but was com- elfcepeiill’fl: mitted to the Tower; from whence “Po“ the 9th c mm w ' ‘ 9 tor,- B b f Omar-ton iri the Tower. Three Ser- jeants at Law in the Tower; Lord Wil. long/76y of Par/ram in the Tara-er, Sundercomh being con- demned, po‘i‘ foned himfeli}; ‘1 9.6- And again”. of flpril following he eicaped -, and upon the, ken, and fen! zlfif he was to the Tower. he was taken and on the 24th was brought to London, and again committed "to the Tower. ‘ In 'the'Year 1660, 7mm the ‘25th,’ Sir 7ohn proclaimed Traitor; upon the 22d Sir 301521 Re- hin/im, Lieu- tenant of the ‘Q‘wer. .\ ,' Owrrton com- mitted . tenant of the Tower by King Charles II, foon ‘16th of Septemher following, Itohert Ooerton was committed to the Tower fOr Trea’lb‘n. ' 'On' the 22d,‘ Mr. 7ohn,‘ fome Time Sir 7ohn, Lentatl, was committed to the Tower. On the 23d of March, Zachary Crofton, a Preibyterian ' Minii’cer, was committed to the Tower, for What- ters of High Treafon. - ' King 95”!“ A. * In the Year 1661, on Monday the 2111: of £33115 ff):- ‘April, his Majelty King Charles II. made his Ca- the 70%., to valcade from the Tower to We/fniinfter, 1n fuch a I/I'E/I'minier. glorious and fplendid Manner, that it feemed to outvie whatfoever had been ’feen before of Gal- lantry and Riches. In Preparation to which Day’s Solemnity, four {tately and magnificent Trium— Triumphant phant Arches were ereéted by the City, accord- A‘CI‘SE' ding as their Charter obliged them unto, upon fuch an Occafion, for his Majef’ty to pals through the City to his Coronation. A The Firfl: of them was ereéted in Leaden-hatl— flreet, made after the Dorie Order, reprefenting his l‘xlajef’ty’s happy Arrival in England. The Second was a” naval Reprefentation, and ,was ereéted in Cortzhill, near the Royal Exchange. *3,The Third, confifl'ing of the Corinthian and Compofite Orders; 'being the Reprefentation of Concord, was ereéted in Cheapflde,‘ near to Wood- jtreet End. . ' Lem‘a/l com- mitted . Crofton com; mitted. The Fourth, V confif’ting of the Dorie and Ionic _ Order, and was the Reprefentations of Plenty 3 this was ereé‘ted in I’leet-flreet near to White friars. - ‘ . ' ' The whole Manner of the Proceéd‘ing in this Cavalcade would be too large to be here infert-_ ed ~; ‘but {hall refer (. the Reader to a Volume of that Subjeé‘t‘publifhed by fohn Ogilhy with Sculp- fUI‘CS. filourfill,éWi/d- In" the Year‘1661, 7nly the fit, the Lord 12a , an - ' ~ ' , . . gimp, drawn Moan/on, 811' Henry .Mztdmay, and, Mr Rohert Wallop, three of the King’s Judges in the pre4 tended High Court (of Jui’tice, were brought to that Bar in the Parliament-Honk, and there. fen- tenced to be drawn upon Sledges, with Ropes about their Necks, from the Tower to Tyhurn, and backagain to the Tower, which was accordingly executed on the 27th of j‘annary following. Upon the 16th of March, the fame Year, on Sledges to 735nm, and back again. Corhel, Ohey, and Baxter, taken and ex- ecuted. Bax/ted, three, other of. the King’s Judges, who fled, were taken at Delft, by Sir George Downing, and brought Prifoners to the T ower; and on the 16th of flpril’ following they received Sentence of Death, jui'tly due unto them; and on the . drawn upon Sledges from the Tower to Tyhnrn, ._ ‘C 19th of the [aid Month they Were all three and there hanged and quartered, and their Heads and Traitors. . ‘ In the’Year 1662, Sir Henry Vane was indift- ed, and found guilty of High Treafon; and Colonel Lamhe’rt the like on the 9th of f7nne ; Sir Henry Vane exe- cured. and ion the 1 1th both received their Sentence of ; Death ; but Lanzho’rt’s Execution was refpited by Order from his h/Iajelty, becaufe of his prudent and civil Depor’t’m‘e‘nt at his Trial, but, on the I4.th,'Sir Henry Vane was beheaded on Tower-hill. ’ On the t6th of j’annary, 1662, Mr. Edward ‘ .Bagflaw, a 'M’inifter, was committed to the Tower, for Treafonable Defigns and Practices. Upon the ISthPhi/zp Gihhr was removed from by Colonel Inga/{fly near Docentry é - ’Rohirgrhn,‘ Knight ‘ and-Baronet, was made Lieu- after his Majei‘ty’s happy Rei’toration. On the. Miles Corhet, f7ohn Clay, and john Baxter, or. Tower. of London. Occurrences. Qiarters fet up as cul’tomary for .44 ’u Newgate to the Tower; and, upon the 26th, flr- 'rhiha/d 7ohnjlon was committed to the Tower for Crimes of High Treafon, and, on the 22d of jidy'following, was executed at Edinhnrgh in LSoot/and, upon a Gibbet twenty-tWo Feet high. In the Year 1 6 6 3, A'hraham Goodman was com;- '_mitted to the Tower for attempting to murther the Duke of Buckingham. . _ In the Year 1665, on the 30th of Ofioher, Sir Thomas Bindworth was fworn Lord Mayor of London, at the outmoi’t Gate of the Bulwark, by Sir 70o” Rohinfitn, Lieutenant of the Tower, by ‘Virtue of his Majeity’s Commiflion for that Pur- pofe to him directed] . The reit of the Executions on Tower-hill, of fuch as were detained Prifoners in the Tower, it would be too long to infert, and may eafily be fearched for in our Chronicles by inch as are de— firous to know them. Therefore we fhall It ' back to the Year I 590, when Sir .Miohael Blonnt firft became Lieutenant of the Tower. Commifr fioners were then, in the Month of 7am, ap- pointed to take a careful View of the State of that Place, as it was at that Time 3 as likewife of the Prifoners- at that Time there, the @1661} being in great Apprehenfion that Year of ano- ther Invafion from Spain, that threatened as much, or more than that in [588. And, to do this more exaétly, there proceeded from the Lord Treafurer a Note of fuch Remembrances as Book I. Three others committed. Commiflie oners ap— pointed to View the . State of the Tower, and Prifoners, Anna 1590. were then to be examined by the faid Commif-' fioners; which was this that followeth : I “ Imprimir, To enquire in, what Repair are the Qieen’s Majei’cy’s Lodgings, and all other Places for the Keeping of Prifoners, and the Lieutenant’s Lodgings : And in what Parts of the, Qleen’s Privy Lodging Prifoners are kept, and who they are. . “ Item, To furvey all Places, or Houfes, or Lodgings, wherein any Perfons do inhabit or ufe to lodge; and how many of them have Caufe to dwell or lodge there for the Service of her Majefl‘y within the Tower -, and how 5‘ many Perfons are in every fuch Family or “ Lodging, both of Men, Women, and Chil~ dren. ' - .‘" Item,.How many Families or Perfons be lodged there, that have no ordinary , Caufe of ' Refort to the Tower for the Qieen’s Ma. jelty’s Service ; and how long have they there continued; and by whofe Means came they to, thofe Dwelling-places or Lodgings. “ Item, How many Prifoners are in the Tow— er, and in what Places are they lodged ; and whether any Perfons dwell f0. near to the .Pri- fon, as that the Prifoners and they may have fecret Conference together. . “ Item, To enquire of the Qieen’s Ordinary, ,Yeomen, Wardens; and how they do their. Service by themfelves, or by their Deputies. 4 “ Item, To enquire of the Houfes lately ereé‘ta ed againf’c the Tower Walls, or near to- the Tower Ditches or Wharfs; and how they are fit to be continued, or not; and who dwells in them, and to whom they pay their Rents. .“ Item, What Annoyances are offered to the Houfe and Ditches by the Citizens of London, and the Inhabitants there adjoining, as well. within the Liberties, as without.” Whereupon, this Lii’t of the Names of the C h (C a. ‘6 6 0 C‘ (t C h ‘t (f. (c i is t t -h n 0‘ it. cc (c a a ¢ 0‘ (G (G S 1‘ (S i Prifoners in the Tower, delivered to the Cuftody of Sir A/Iiehael Blonnt from Sir Owen Hopton by Ilndenture, was given in : A Note of _ Things to bé enquiredinto; MSS. de 7317; pm. me. Prifoners in. the Tower, Anna Iggo; Philip, late Earl of Amado/2 fame: Fitqeraid, . Edmond Neoyl, Efq; T homo; flhington, Iiorence Maoarty, 7ohn Dighy, yams T gaping, 7ohn— Ar- dent, fferom Paine, Michael Moody, fame: Hor- t} _ in Chap. Prifoners committed, flnnis [590 and 1591. A Prifoner fleeps but ten Hours in fe- ven Weeks. The Imperial . Crown and Globe flolen away, but re- covered. The Manner how. Mr. Edwards. XVII. rifon’, Prief’t; flndro Vannielico, W’illianz Reynolds, yam Ho ins. Whereof flhinglon, Tipping, Moody, Harri/on, and‘Ho/hins, were delivered to the Mar/hal/Z’a, by Warrant from the Lords. Reynolds, by the faid Warrant, was delivered to the Lord Back- hnrjl to be baniihed the Realm. Paine was fet at Liberty by the fame Warrant, upon a Bond with Surety of 200 l. Dighy was delivered upon his Brother Everard Dighy’s Bond of 1000 l. for his good Behaviour to her Majei’ty and the State. Macarty was delivered upon the Earl of Ornzond’s Bond of 1000 1. that he {hall not depart the Realm, nor above three Miles out of London, without fpecial Licenfe from the Lords of her Majei’ty’s Privy Council. Vannielico, alias Marti- ningo, was delivered to two of the ordinary Yeo- men of her Majelty’s Guard, flnno I591. The ‘ refl: remained Prifoners. _ Other Prifoners, committed fince Blount had the Charge, were thefe, all committed clofe Pri- foners: 2,1 g Rohert Hanehard/lon, Richard Broohman, George Bezeley, Sir Thomas Fitzherhert, Knight, Sir Nicholas thite, Knight; Philip, l/Villiams, fohn Powel, Sir Brian Oreworle, Knight, Francis Barheley, Sir fohn Perrot, Knight; Sir Thomas Williams, Knight; the Bifliop of Langhlyn in Ireland, Tihott Dillane, Mrs. Katharine Lee, Mrs. Elizaheth 7ones, Sir Francis Darcie, Knight. . Here let me fubjoin a remarkable Palfage, concerning aPrifoner in the Tower in (Amen Eli/ahelh’s Reign, whofe Name I cannot aflign, that flept but ten Hours in feven Weeks, by the Qath of them that watched him ; as I colleét out of. a Note-book of Sir .Michael Hicks, Secre- tary to the Lord Treafurer Burghley ; who alfo makes mention there of another named Hate/00d, and a Prifoner, I fuppofe, that {trained him- felf fo much with immoderate Laughing, that he bled thirty Ounces of Blood. But among, all the memorable Accidents that have happened in the Tower, hardly any Hiltory of our Country can equal that: cunning, auda- cious, and villainous Attempt of one Blood in. King Charles IId’s Time, in dealing the Crown, and his Comrade the Globe, out of the ,fafe Place where they with the ref: of the Regalia were kept; and carrying them out of the Tower; though they were difcovered at 1211‘: and feized. A faithful Relation deferves to ftand Upon Record ; and fuch a Relation is this that follows, which Iliad from the Favour of Mr. Edwards himfelf, the late Keeper of the Regalia : About three Weeks before this Blood made his Attempt upon the Crown, he came to the Tower in the Habit of a Parfon, with a long Cloak, Caffock, and Canonical Girdle, and brought a Woman with him whom he calledNVife; al- though in Truth his Wife was then lick in Lan- ca/hire. This pretended Wife defired to fee the Crown, and, having feen it feigned to have a Qialm come upon her Stomach, and defired Mr. Edwards, who was Keeper of the Regalia, to fend for forne Spirits, who immediately caufed his Wife to fetch fume; whereof when {he had drank, ihe courteoully invited her up Stairs to repofe herfclf upon a Bed: Which Invitation {he accepted, and foon recovered. At their Departure, they fcemed very thankful for this Civility. About three or four Days after, Blood came again to Mrs. Edwards, with a Prefent of four Pair of white Gloves ii'om his Wife ‘, and, ha- ving thus begun the Acquaintance, they made frequent Vifits-to improve it: She profefiing, ~:Defcription of the Perfon of her Gallant. 7 Maid conceived that he was. the intended Bridef Tower of London . The Crown jlole‘n. that {he lhould never fuific her Kindnefs. ' . Having made fome fmall Refpite of his Corns. pliments, he returned again, and faid to Mrs. Edwards, that his Wife could difcourfe of no— thing but the Kindnefs of thofe good People in the Tower: That {he had long fiudied, and, at length, bethought herfelf of a handfome Way of Requital. You have, faid he, a pretty Gentle-i woman to your Daughter, and .I have a young Nephew who hath two or three Hundred a Year in Land, and is at my Difpofal. If your Daughter” be free, and you approve of it, I will bring him hither to fee her, and we will endeavour to make it a Match. ' " This was ealily afl‘ented to by old Mr. Eds wards, who invited the Parfon to dine with him that Day, and he as readily accepted of the In- vitation; who, taking upon him to fay Grace, performed it with great Devotion, and, caftin up his Eyes, concluded his long—winded Grace, with a hearty Prayer for the King, ween, and Royal Family. After Dinner he went up to fee the Rooms, and, feeing a handfome Cafe of Pifa tols hang there, he expreiTed a great Defire‘ to buy them, to prefent a young Lord who was his Neighbour. That was his Pretence, but his Pur.’ pofe probably was to difarm the Houfe againfl the Time that he intended to put the Defign in Execution. \ ' iently acknowledge At his Departure, which was with a canonical ' Benediction of the good Company, he appointed a Day and Hour to bring his young Nephew to his Mifirefs; and it was that very Day that he’ 'made his Attempt, oiz. the 9th of May, abo'u Seven in the Morning, Anna Dom. 1673. ' ’ .The old Man was got up ready to receive his Guelt, and the Daughter had put herfelf into her belt Drefs to entertain her Gallant; when, behold, Parfon Blood, with three more, came to the Jewel-houfe, all armed with Rapier Blades in their Canes, and every one a Dagger, and at Pair of Pocket-pii’cols. Two of his Compani‘a ons. entered in with him, and the Third flayed at the Door, it ibems, for a Watch. The Daughi ter thought it not model’t for her to come down till ihe was called, but the fent the Maid to take" a View of the Company, and to bring her a The groom who flayed at the Door, becaufe he was the youngei’t of the Company; and returned to her young Mifirefs with the Charaéter that fhe. had formed of his Perfon. Blood told Mr. Edwards, that they would nOt‘ go up Stairs till his Wife came, and defired him’ to ihew his Friends the Crown to pafs the Time till then. As foon as they were entered the Room where the Crown was kept, and the Door, as ufually, was {hut behind them, they threw a Cloak over the old Man’s Head, and clapped a Gag into his Mouth, which was a great Plug of Wood, with a fmall Hole in the Middle to take Breath at. This was tied on with a waxed Lea- ther, which went round his Neck. At the fame Time they faitened an iron Hook to his Nofe, that no Sound might pafs from him that Way neither. . When they had thus fecured him from crying. out, they told him, that their Refolution was to have the Crown, Globe, and Sceptre. And that ' if he would quietly fubmit to it, they would fpare his Life, otherwiie he was to expeét no Mercy. He, thereupon, ‘ Noife that he poliibly could, to be heard above: Then they. knocked him down With a wooden Mallet, and told him, that, if yet he would he quietly, they would fpare his Life, but, if not, VP” forced himfelf to make all the l 97 ' Tower of LOndon. Stealing t/oe Crown. upon the next Attempt to difcover them, they would kill hing/and pointed threeDaggers at his Breait. But ,he {trained himfelf to make the greater Noife : VVhereupon they gave him nine or ten Strokes more, upon the Head, with the Mallet, for f0 many Bruifes were found upon the Skull, and il’abbed him into the Belly. . Whereat the poor Man, almoit eighty Years of Age, fell, and lay fome Time entranced. One of them .knceled .on the Ground to try if he breathed -, and, not perceiving any Breath come from him, faid, He is dead, I’ll warrant him. Mr. Edwards came a little to himfelf, heard his .VVords, and conceived it bell: for him to be fo thought, and lay quietly. . Then one of them, named Parrot, put the Globe into his Breeches. Blood held the Crown under his Cloak. The Third was defigned to file the Sceptre in two, becaufe too long to car- ry, and, when filed, it was to be put into a Bag, brought for that Purpofe. _ But,‘before this could be done, young Mr. Edwards, Son to the old Gentleman, who had attended upon Sir 701m Talbot into Flanders, and, upon his firi’t Landing in England, was, with Sir ffolan’s Leave, come- away, Poit, to fee his old Father, chanced to arriVe at the very Initant that this was aéting; and, coming to the Door, the Perfon that flood .Centinel for the reit, aiked him, With whom he would fpeak? .He made 'Anfwer, He belonged to the Houfe. But young Edwards, perceiving, by his Qiefiion, that he himfelf was a Stranger,told him, that, if he had anyBufinefs with his Father, he would go and acquaint him with it, and fo went up, where he was welcomed by his-Mother, -Wife, and Sifter. ; In the mean Time, the Centinel gave Notice of the Son’s Arrival, and they forthwith halted away with the Crown and Globe, but left the Sceptre, not having Time to file it. The old Man, returning tohimfelf, got upon his Legs, pulled off the Gag, for they concluded him dead, and, furprized with the Son’s unexpected Arri- val, had omitted to tie his Hands behind him, and cried out, Treafon l Murder! The Daughter, hearing him, halted down, and, feeing her Father thus wounded, ran out upon Zo‘wer—Hz'll, and cried, Treafon, the Crown is i’tolen. 4 This gave the firft Alarm; and Blood and Parrot, making more than ordinary Haf’te, were \obferved to jog each other with their El- bows, as they went, which caufed them to be fuf— peéted and purfued. By this Time, young Mr. Edwards and Cap» tain Beokman, upon the Cry of their Sifter, were come down, and lefttheir Father likewife to run after the Villains -, but they were advanced be- yond the main Guard; and the Alarm being given loudly to the VVarder at the Drawbridge, he put himfelf in a Pof’ture to flop them. Blood came up firi‘r,’ and difcharged a Piltol at him. The Bul- let, if any there were, miffed him, but the Pow- der, er Fear, made him fall to the Ground 5 whereby they got fafe to the little Wardhoufe- gate; where one Sill, who had been a Soldier under Cromwell, flood Centinel, who, although lie/{aw the other Warder ihot, made no Refii’t- aiice. By whofe Cowardice, or Treachery, the Villains got over that Drawbridge,’ and through the outward Gate upon the Wharf, and made all poflible Hafle toward their Horfes, which at- tended at St. Catharine’s Gate, called the Iron— gate, crying themfelves, as they ran, Stop the Rogues. _ And they were by all thought inno- cent, he being in that grave canonical Habit, till Captain Bee/(man got up to them. Blood dif— charged his fecond Piitol at Captain Beo/eman’s Head, but he, f’tooping down, avoided the Shot, andlfeized upon the Rogue, ‘Who had the Crown 4- under his Cloak ; yet had Blood the Impudence‘, although he faw himfelf a Prifoner, to firugglev a long While for the Crown, and, when it was wrefted from him, faid, ‘ It was a gallant At- tempt, how unfuccefsfu‘l foever, for it was for a Crown.’ A Servant belonging to Captain Sherourn feized upon Parrot, before Blood was taken. There was fuch a Coni’ternation in all Men, and f0 much Confufion in the Purluit, that it was a Wonder fome innocent Perfons had not fufi'ered for the Guilty. For young Edwards, 0—" vertaking one that was bloody in the Scuffle, and fuppofing him to be one of thofe who had mur» dered his Father, was going to run him through, had not Captain Bee/man cried, Hold, he is none of them. And, as Captain Beckman made more than or- dinary-Haite in the Purfuit, the Guards were going to fire at him, {uppofing him to be one of' the Rogues; but one of them, who by good Fortune knew him, cried out, Forbear: He is a Friend. . . Blood and Parrot being both feized, as hath been laid, Hunt, Blood’s Son-in-law, leaped to- Horfe, with two more of the Confpirators, and rid far away. But a Cart, fianding empty in the Street, chanced to turn ih’ort, and Hunt run his Head againl’c a Pole that fiuck far out; but, . Book I. he recovering his Legs, and putting his Foot in' the Stirrop, a Cobler, running to enquire after the Difafter, faid, This is Tom Hunt, who was in that bloody Attempt upon the Perfon of the Duke of Ormond : Let us fecure him. A Confiable, being accidentally there, feized him upon that Affir- mation, and carried him before Infiice Smitb, who, upon his confident Denial of himfelf to be Hunt, was about to let him go; but, the Hue and Cry coming, that the Crown was taken out of the Tower, he was committedto fafe Cufiody. Young Edwards propofed to Lieutenant Rainf- ford, to mount fome of his Soldiers upon the Horfes that were left, and fend them to follow . the tell: that efcaped; but he bade him follow himfelf, if he would, it was his Bufinefs; and led the Fellows Horfes into the Tower, as for- feited to the Lieutenant. Hunt, as hath been faid, was Son-in-law to Blood, and trained up in his Praétices. Parrot was a Silk-dyer in Southwark -, and, in the Rebellion, had been Major General Har‘rg/on’s Lieutenant. ' Blood was the Son of a Blackfmith in Ireland; a Fellow that thought {mall Villanies below him. One of his virtuous Comrades, having received Sentence of Death in Tor/(flare for fome Crime, he refcued out of the Hands of the Sheriffs Men, as they were leading him to the Gallows. He, with others, laid a Defign in Ireland, to furprize the Cattle of Dublin, and the Magazine therein, and to ufurp. the Government. But, being dif- covered by the Duke of Ormond the Night before the intended Execution, fome of them were ap- prehended, and {uttered as Traitors : Whofe Death Blood and the reit of the furviving Rogues bound themfelves, by folemn Oath, to revenge upon the Duke’s Perfon. This occafioned his third Enterprize; for he, with five or fix more of his Alfociates, whereof Hunt was one, well mounted, came one Night up to his Coach—fide, before he came to his own Gate, dwelling then at flloemarle Houfe, took him out of his Coach, forced him up behind one of the Horfemen, and were riding away with him as far asBerkely Houfe : Where the Duke threw himfelf 03‘ the Horfe, with the Villain, who had tied the Duke faft'to him. ' Hlflf. Parrot; lord, Duke of Ora; mend. The rei’t turned back, difcharging‘two' Pif’tols at the Duke, but, taking their‘Aimuins the Dark, miffed him. By this Time the Neigh- ' bourhood Blood exa- mined before the King; XVII , bourhood was alarmed, and the Rogues, having Work enough to fave the'mfelves, rid for it, and got away. - It was no fmall Difrepute to that hellilh Con- triver amongl’t his Comrades, to fail in a Projeél: which he had laid fo‘fure, and reprefented to them f0 eafy to be elfefted. Therefore, to redeem his Credit with them, 'he entered immediately upon the Contrivance of another, that lhould fully re- compenfe all former Mifcarriages, with an in- fallible Profpect of Gain, and the Reputation of a daring Villainy ; which was that of fharing the Regalia. ‘ . p In the robuftious Struggle for the CroWn, as was fhewed before, the great Pearl and a fair Diamond fell oli‘, and wereloi‘t for a-while, with fome Other fmaller Stones. But the Pearl was found by Catharine Maddox, a poor Sweeping- wvoman to one of the Warders, and the Diamond by a Barber’s Apprentice, and both faithfully re- f’tored. Other ‘fmaller Stones were, by feveral Perfons, picked up, and brought in. The fair Ballas Ruby, belonging to the Sceptre, was found in Parrot’s Pocket ; fo that not any confiderable Thing was ~wanting. The Crown only was V bruifed, and fent to repair. Young Mr. Edwards went prefently to Sir Gil- Zzert 72am, and gave him an Account of all that had paifed; who inftantly went to the King, and acquainted his Majefty with it. His Majefiy commanded him to make haf’te to the Tower, \ to enquire how Matters fiood; to take the Exami- nation of Blood and the reflz; and to return and report all tohim. Sir Gilbert accordingly went, and found the Prifoners, whofe Wounds had been already drefi'ed, with their Keepers in the W'loz'te Tower. Blood lay in a Corner dogged and lowering, and would not give a Word of Anfwer to any one Qiefiion. ‘ His Majelty was, in the mean Time, perfuad- ed, by fome about him, to hear the Examinati- on himfelf. And the Prifoners were forthwith fent for to Whitehall. Nothing but that could poflibly have faved Blood from the Gallows. But that which ought tohave been his furer Condem- nation, provod to be his Safetyu For, all Men COHCIUdlng, that none but, thofo svho had the Courage to adventure upon fuch a daring Vil- iainy as that of the Crown, could be guilty of the Practice upon a Peer of that Magnitude as was the Duke of Ormoad -, efpecially the Parlia- ment then fitting. Amongfi: other Qlel’tions, therefore, it was thought proper to interrogate him, Whether he had not a Hand in that Af- fault? For the Authors of it were, as yet, alto- gether in the Dark. Blood, as if he had valued himfelf upon the Action, and, pofiibly fufpeé‘ting that the King might have made fome Difcovery of it already, without any Manner of Scruple or Hefitation, confelfed he had; It was then alked him, Who his A-fl'ociates were ? He anfwered, that he would never betray a Friend’s Life -, nor never deny a Guilt, in Defence of his own. It was next aiked him, What Provocation he had to make fo bold an Afl‘ault upon the Duke of Ormond .9 He faid, the Duke had taken away his El’cate, and exe— cuted fome of his Friends -, and that he and ma- ny others had engaged themfelves by folemn Oath to revenge it. . And, lei’t any of his audacious Villainies {hould leffen the Romance of his Life, by lying con- cealed in his Examination about the Crown, he voluntarily confeli'ed to the King, but whether truly or falily, may very well endure a QJefhon, as I lhall endeavour to lhew anon, that hechad been engaged in a Defign to kill his Majcl’ty with a Carbine, from out of the Reeds by the Tbames Side, above Battetfia, where he often ToWer of London; . Stealiag 2'53 , froze/o, went. to fwim;\That the Caufe of this Refolui- tron 1n himfelf, and others, Was his Majef‘ty’s Sci verity over the Confciences Of the Godly, in fup-' prefling the Freedom of their religious Airem4 blies; That, when he had taken his; Stand in thé 99 Reeds for that Purpofe, his Heart was checked . with an Awe of Majeflzy; and he did not Only himfelf relent, but diverted the reit of his Afl'oé crates from the‘Defign. , 7 . , - He told his Majefty, that he had, by there his Confeflions, fufliciently laid himfelf open to the, Law ; and he might reafonably expect the utter. Rigour of it; for which he was, without much, Concern of his own, prepared. ’But he laid Withal, that the Matter would not be of that In." difference to his Majefty, inafmuch as there were" Hundreds of his Friends, yet undiicovered, Who were all bound to each other by the indifpenfable,‘ Oaths of Confpirators, to revenge the Death of any of the Fraternity upon thofe who {horrid bring them to Juf’tice : Which. WOuld expofe his Mac )efty and all his Minifters to the daily Fear and Expeétation of ya Mail'ac'r'e, But, on the Other Side, if his Majelty would fpare the Lives of a few, he might oblige the Hearts of many; Who, as they had been feen to do daring Mifchiefs, would be as bold, if received into' Pardon and. Favour, to perform eminent Services for the Crown. And he pretended fuch an Interelt and: Sway amonglt the Fanatics, to difpofe them, to their Fidelity, as though he had been their cho: fen General, and had them all entered in his Mufter-toll. . . ' , In lhort, Blood and his .Afl'ociates Were not only pardoned, and fet free, but the arch Villain him- felf had 5001. per Annam conferred upon him in Fanaticii Pardoned; Ireland, and admitted into all the PriVacy and In-" timacy at Court. ,Mr. Edwards had the Grant of 2001. and his Son 1001. . _ ‘ _ I have, fince the Writing of what is abotiefaid, met with a Continuation of Blood’s ftealing the Crown, in Mr. Edwards’s MSS. writ, as it feems, by Sir Gilbert Talbot : Which is as follOws: What his Operation had been among the Qaakers, who are his mol’t beloved Seét above all others, and in whofe Synagogue he. hath his. eminent Sear. the 'World is yet to learn; eitcept it be, that he had multiplied their Congregations, and increafed theirSwarms in all Counties. But . Sir Gilda! ‘ A confinna'é tion of this Narrative; S Taldot. garden, where lies his Majel’ty’s Service in all this ? Oh !- they are kept quiet, vernment. Indeed the Qaakers have reputed an innocent, harmlefs Kind of Mad- men : But he mul’t be as mad as they, that can think them fo, while Blood is of their Congregaz tron. , V Since this Villain’s Crimes then are vifible to all Mankind, and his Merits altogether incom— prehenfible, conjecture, what Confideration could pollibly be; get his Pardon. His Crimes were, without Con- troverfy, the highelt Breaches of human Laws : Murder aéted upon a poor old Gentleman for de-‘ fending his Trul’t; and Murder intended to be aéted upon a great Peer, with all. the Circum- ftances of Contempt: A Defign laid to ‘furprize the King’s Caitle; aviolent Seizure of his Crown and Sceptre; and a confeli‘ed Lying in wait to ' deftroy' his Perfon. It requires a great Meafure,of Mercy in a Prince, for it is not decent to attribute It to any Thing elfe, to forgive fuch Injuries done to him; - felf. But it is above his Mercy to pardon the Offence committed againft another, becaul-e Heaven, which is all-merciful, forgl’veth not the Trefpaffes which we commit againf’c our Neigh- bours, without Rei‘titution. Yet the Lord flr- lz'agtoa came, in his Majel’ty’s Name, to the Duke of Ormomz’ to tell him, that he would not have C c Bloc every Man will take the Liberty to, and do not molelt the Go." ever been' some Ceri; fures therehfl; ~ on. ‘Towerr “of London. ~ Sim/Mg the Crate”. " r - Boole-If, EGO Blobh’ profeCutéd, 'for Reafons which he was com’~ and that he [not] only forbore' the Eneciition fuan‘ded to give him. The Duke replied, That himfelf; but diffuaded his Aflbciates Iikexvife hisMajefty’s Command was the only Rea‘fon that from it. _ y ' -. could begiven, and that therefore he might {pare There is fo great a Probability, that this pro— the reft. It was a gallant Anfwer of his Grace, fefi‘ed tender Forbearance of his tended only to and‘i'uch as well became the, Loyalty of his Fa— [difpofe his " Majei’ty, who, of all Mankind, is daily. But it, is great Pity, in the mean Time, captivated with Good—Nature, to return the like that the World fhould want the Knowledge of Mercy towards him, that, withthe good Favour his Lordihip’s Reafons, which had Weight e: of Mr; Bload’s Check of Confcience, which di-' riough in them to fmother a Matter of that high Verted him from the Execution, it is eafy to be Concernment, to the Diihorrour of Jui’tice, and conjeétured, that there never was any fuch Defign the Dignity 'of Peerage; ’ ' ' really laid; but that the Story was feigned, to’ 'ffI—jlow great a Myftery foever it is to the World, work upon his Majef’ty’s Tender’nefs towards him: Bland and~ his A'iibciates were not ‘only’pardoned But, left that fhould not prevail, Blood feemed and fer-free, butthe arch Villain himfelf had the not to be at all troubled with the Apprehenfiori aforementioned Land conferred upon him in [re- Of his own Death, for which he flood prepared ;‘ Izmd; and that meritorious Perfon' admitted into but it grieved him, forfooth, t0 confider the fad ajl'the Privacy and Intimacy of the ‘Court. No i Confequence of it : Which would be an Attempt: Man more afliduous than himfelf in both Secrc- 0f Revenge upon the Perfon Of the King and his thries Offices. ‘If any One had a Bufinefs in Court Minifiers, by the furviving Confpirators, bound; that ituck, he made his Applications to Blood, as , by Oath, {9°C. So that, if Mercy were defectiVe, the moi’c indul’trioUs and fuccefsful Sollicitor. 'he could try what Fear COUId operate; and, leflh Nay, many Gentlemen courted his Acquaintance, hOth thefe ihould fail, he hath another F etch‘ifi; as the Indians pray to the Devils, that they may Store, WhiCh 55, t0 perfuade them to pardon him: not hurt them. ' ~ : upon the Score of good Politics; by fhewing how 'j-Blocd had Nobodybut his own black Deeds to ufeful an ‘Infirument he can be to quiet the‘ advocate for ‘him : Yet this was he rewarded, Minds Of all the difaffeéted Party, and fecure the. And although many follicited for old Mr. Ed— ' Government from p0pular Infilrreétions, if his _» wards, and had raifed their Arguments from his Life may be fpared. . v - -Fidelity’ Cngyage? and Wounds ‘I'CCClVCd; yet I cannot eafily be perfuaded t0 bCIlCVC, that all— that could be obtained for him was a Grant this Profi‘er of Service in Blood could much pre- Of 2001; ‘out of the Exchequer, and 100 I. to his vail Upon his Majefty’s Judgment; becaufe if . Son, as beforefaid, The Paymentwhereof Was ’was natural to conclude, that he who is able to: ' ‘ "felting delayed, and his Surgeons Calling upon quiet a Party, is likewife able to irritate it ; and him daily for ‘Satisfaéfion‘fbr their Drugs and that he who is bribed by 5001- per Ammm to do Pains, he“ was forced to fell his Order for too 1. thC 0116, may b€ gained With 10001- P67” flflmfifl ' {cady Money, and the sen his for 50]. and lived to do the contrary. And What Security can not long to enjoy the Remainder; for he died there be that he will hat, but the bare Word of within a Year and a MOnth after the Wounds ,a Villain? “received. - ' ' * ~' . _ In the mean Time, nothing can more‘betray Reflexions. A I But now to reflect a little, as I p‘ro‘mi'fed, not the Weaknels 01" a Government, than that it” _ only upon the myfte'rious Redemption of this ,ihould have Recourfe tofuch Infiruments to flip»: i Rogue from the Gallows, but Upon the, newer 'port it. Nor can any Thing make the Authorifi to; be enough'wondered, Recom'penee for his {ty more defpifable, than that it fhould be terri-. ' - Villainies, of ‘5001. per flmum, a Reward fiEd from the Execution of Jufiice Upon the which the ~molt meritorious 'ert’ue hath'feldom greateit Malefac’tor that Hii’tory, from the'Crea-' Ifiet“With. {Jet us therefore rmn'fi‘dor 111111;, I}; 11:, , tion hither, 1cCUI‘dCth, for Fear that Bload’s Ghofi, as't’aken in {.0 flagrant a Crime, that no Plea. Ihould rife, "or his furviving Confederates mediy ‘ could poflibly lie in Favour of his Life, nor no tate Revenge. - _r Hepes'could befo impudent as to expeét it. Oh: , ' Befides, it is as far from Reafon, that a Man: fel‘ve then what‘h‘e'doth. He maketh a voluntary of Blood’s Principles fhould be trufted with the Confeffion of three other rapping Crimes. One Power and Interefi that mufi go to the Managg his Attempt-upon- the Duke of Ormaml. 7 And his ing Of a Party, as that thOfC who tmfi him fl'tould alledged Provocation to that, was, by Confe- eXpeét any gOOd Services from the confefi'ed Au- q‘uen‘ce, a Confefi‘ion of his Confpiracy upon the thor of f0 many black Deeds, 01‘ Heaven give a Cattle ofgpublz'm Thus much he thought ne- Blefling to the Endeavours of fuch an impiousv céflitry to acknowledge, to Ihew his Power and Creature.] 'A'udacity; that, in Cafe he were brought to Ex— Thus much for thefe Accidents. And now to ecution, he fhould l‘tand recorded in Story to have COHCIUdC thCl‘COf in Summary- This T019167 is a Ufe of the died like a daring Sinner, and not as a petty Citadel to defend or command the City: A Ro - 70mrt0 de-l .Malefaétor. Then he declareth, freely and of his al Palace for Afihmblies and Treaties : A Prifon fendéhe C1: own Accord, his Intention to aiTaflinate his Ma- 0f Ei’tate for th¢ mofl: dangerous Oli'ences ‘= The y' C. jei’ty in the River. I all; any Man of Reafon, only Place ‘of Coinage for all England at this ' What other Confideration could move him to Time: The Armory for warlike PI‘OVifiOIl: The that Confeflion? But, to bring in this Part of his Trcafury of the Ornaments of Jewels of the " Story, he was to tell his Majeity, that his Heart Crown, and general Conferver 0f the mOPC Rea. relented, being furprized with Awe and Reve— C9133; 0f the King’s Courts 0f JllfiiCC at Mfli mm yer. rence of his Perfon, he had none of his Crown ; C H A 'P.. Chap. The Olfice of -» the Mint. . R. B. Officers of the Mat. Warden; Mailer- worker. Comptroller. Mailer of the Alfay. Auditor; Surveyor. Clerk of the Irons. Engraver. Smiter. Melters.‘ Bleachers . Porter, Provoli. Moniers. TWages ; Coins. Monies coin- ed by King Edna. ‘VI. XVIII. rToWGi‘. of London. The Mint. .. ' c H A P, XVIi‘II. Of the Mint in the Tower. Tbe floeral Oficers delongz'ng to it. find of ‘fncb “Monies, dot/2 Gold and Silver, as [gave éeen coined the—re. Divers partzcnlar Matters relating to the" Mint. ‘ HE laf’t Matter to be looked upon, whilft we are within the Walls of this ancient and rOyal Caitle, befides what hath been faid of it already, is a threefold Office kept here, high- ‘lyimportant to the Kingdom; namely, that of the Mint, that of the Ordnance, and that of the Records. We begin with the firft.] ’ i The [Mint is the Office and Place where the King’s Coin‘is made, be it Gold or Silver; which is at prefEnt, and, for a long Time hath been, kept in the Tower of London. To the .Mz'nt there belong divers Officers -, which have not been aIWays alike. At prefent they are thefe : . :1. The Warden, who is the Chief; and, by his Office, is to receive the Silver from the Gold— fmiths, and to pay them for it; and alfo is to overfee all the ref: that belong unto this Office. His Fee, or Salary, is 100 l. per flnnnm. . 2. The Malter—worker, who receiveth the Sil- ver from the Warden, caufeth it to be melted; and delivers it to the Moniers, and takes it from them again when it is made. His AlloWance‘is not any fet Fee, but according to the Pound Weight. 3. The Comptroller, who is to fee that the Money be made the jul’c Alfize; to overfee the Officers, and ’"controul them, if the Money be not as it ought to be. 'His Fee is a hundred Marks per flnnnrn. 4. "The Maiter of the Ali‘ay, .who weigheth the Silver," and feeth whether it be according to the Standard. His yearly Fee alfo is a hundred Marks. ;, .. ' ‘ 5. The'Auditor, Who is to take the Accounts, and to make them up, Auditor—like. #6. The Surveyor of the Melting; who is to fee the SilVer cafl: out, and not to be altered after it‘ is delivered to the Melter; which is, after the Alfay-mal’ter hath made Trial of it. ,7. The Clerk of the Irons; who feeth that the Irons be clean, and fit to work with. 8. The Engraver, who engraveth the Stamps . for the Money. 9. The Smiter of Irons, who, after they are engraven, fmiteth them upon the Money. 10. The Melters', that melt the Bullion before it comes to the Ceining. I r. The Blanchers, who anneal, boil, and cleanfe the Money. _ 12. The Porter, that keeps the Gate of the Mint. I 3. The Provoft of the .Mz'nt, who is to prOe vide for all the Moniers, and to overfee them. 14.. The lVloniers, who are, fome to {heer the Money, fome to forge it, fome to beat it. broad, fome to round it, and fome to [lamp or coin it. Their Wages is not by the Day or Year; but uncertain, according to the Weight of the Mo- ney coined by them. Other Officers, that have been in former Times, are faid now to be out of Ufe. Befides the feveral Coins which Mr. Stow hath taken Notice of, thefe following I (hall add : The Monies coined in the Reign of King Eda ward VI, were Pieces of 53. of 2 5. 6d. of 13. of 6d. of 4d%. and fome fmaller Pieces. On » the Pieces of 5 s. were l’tamped, upon one Side, the King’s Effigies on Ho‘rfeback, with the Date ft , felf in Perfon to the Star—Chamber, of the Year under the HOrfe’s' F e'et -, and, between the Rings, ED VARDUS D. G. ANG. ET FRflN. REX. On the other Side, the Arms of England and France quartered, with this Mot-~ ;pEWPOSUI DE UM AnyUTOREM ME- And on theHalf-crowns, Shillings, Sixpences, Es’c. were fiamped the King’s Efiigies, witha foreright Face, as was his Father’s King Henry VIII; and, ' about it, EDI/AR. VI. D. G. ANG. ET FRAN. REX. And, about the Arms on the other Side, the aforementioned M‘Otto. , In the firll: Year of . ueen Mary, certain new Coins were proclaimed 0 Gold and Silver; tn'z. A Sovereign of Gold 303... the half SOVereign, 155. an Angel, IOS. Of Silver, the Great, half Gro’at, and Penny. . Alfo ueen Mary coined the fame Pieces as her Brother Edward VI. had done. And, after her Marriage with King Philip, both their Effie gies were damped on one Side of the Piece, face- ing each other; and the Arms of England and France quartered, impaled - with the Arms of Spain. About the Elfigies was engraven, PHIL. ET MAR. D. G. R. ET REG. ANG. ERA. And, about the Arms on the Other Side, their Motto. Qieen Elzfaletb coined the fame Pieces of Mo: ney as King Edward VI. did, with the fame Arms and Motto; but her Efligies was a half Face, looking to the finil’ter Hand. . ‘ E-fc. Having, on the one Side, flamped his Ef‘ figies, with a dexter Face, and this Infeription about it, ACOBUS D. G. MAG. BRIT." bred. E . HIBER. REX. On the other Side, the Arms of England, Scotland, Frame, and Ireland, quartered, in this Order: In the firfl: (Luarter, the Arms of France and England, quaré tered. In the fecond Quarter, the Arms of Scotland. In the, third Qiarter, the Arms of [res land. The fourth, the fame with the firl’t; with this Motto about them, QJEM DEUS CON-‘ JUNXIT, NEMO SEPARET. Thefe lal’t mentioned Kings and~ Qieens coined feveral Pieces of Gold, all which, fome few ex— cepted, bare the fame Stamp and Infcriptions as did their Silver Money. For I findithat King. 7mm, in the I 1th Year of his Reign, came him~ where he had appointed the Mint—men to meet. And there, for the better Keeping of the Gold Coins within the Realm, he raifed the Prices thereof ; order— ing the Piece called the Unity, which went before but for 20s. to be current now for 22 s. the double Crown, and all other Pieces, to increafe in like Proportion. The Motto of this Piece of Gold was, FACIAM nos IN GENTEM UNAM. King Charles I. coined the fame Pieces, of Gold and Silver, as his Father King fame: had done before. His Effigies was a half Pace, looking to the finilter Hand. The Arms the fame; but the Motto was, CHRISTO AUSPICE REGNO. ‘ . Some fhort Time after the Martyrdom of this King, in the Year I 649, when England was voted, by the Rump Parliament, and 1162i New Coins under @eefg Mary. Pin/z; and Mary's Colfli Queen Elz‘faq detb'S Coin. King 7am: I. coined alfo Crowns of 5's. half King 7am: Crowns of 2 5. 6d. Shillings of 12 d, Sixpences, lfi’s M9116)? both King Cleric; Ifi’S Collie _ Englandvofed a Free State 3 . and new a Free State, there Stamp, {of l was Money coined in the Tower, both of Gold Money: 102. Money coin- ed at Oafora'. K .ng Clar/es lid 5 Money Milled Mo- 11 Cy . ‘ Tower of ~ London. I 51712 Mint. and Silver, 1152. 205. Pieces of Gold; and, of" Silver, Pieces of 5s. Pieces of 2s. 6 d. Shillings, Sixpences, Groats, half Groats, and Pence. All which Pieces had, upon one Side, the Crofs of England, in a fingle Efcutcheon; and, on the other Side, the Englilh Crofs in one Efcutcheon, and the I; z'flo Harp 1n another, not impaled, but joined together 1n two feve1al Efcutcheons. On that SideD that had the Crofs of England, there was engraven, T111: COMM ONWEAL'I H or ENG? LAND: And, ,on theother .Side, where the Arms of England and Ireland were in two E- fcutcheons, was engraven, GOD WITH Us. Alfo, about the Years 1643 and 1644, King Charles I. was f01ced to coin Money at Oxford, and other Places, fer the Supply of his Armies at that Time. . _ After the Ref’tora‘tion of King Charles II, which was in the Year 1660, and the 13th of his. Reign, all the aforementioned Money,. called States, or Commonweallh Money, was called 1n, and other Money coined. The Money coined by King Charles II, of Gold, were Pieces called Guineas, as made of Gold from that Place, of 205.11alt Guineas, at to s. and fome doubleGuineas, of 403. Which foon after went, the Guinea for 21s. 6d. and the other in PropOrtion : Near which Value they now pals current. 01 Silver alfo he coined, Crowns, Half- Crowns, Shillings, Sixpences, and f0 10wer. All which Pieces, both of Gold and Silver, were not fiamped as his Predeceffors, Kings and ueens, Monies were, but done by an Engine ca led a Mill, and {0. called Milled Money 1. and, to pre- vent Clipping, or_ other Defacing, were jagged on the outward Rim: And, befides, Crowns and Half-Crown Pieces haVe DECUS ET TUTA- MEN inlcribed round the Edges. , Thefe Coins, both of Gold and Silver, have, on one Side, the King’s Efligies, with a half Face, looking to the dexter Hand ; and, about the Efligies, CAKOLUS II. DEIGRATI/I: And, on the other Side, four Efcutcheons placed _ in' Form of a Crofs, whofe bafe Points meet in ~ them, King 7mm: Ild’s Money. King hf’illlam and neon lid/1231's h/lO- ney. 1’ been .rmies Coin. K. 9 ngGeorge’s. Only Gold and Silver curzent Coin. the Center of the Piece, and four Sceptres from thence 2111b 1lIuing, in which foul EIL‘utCncons, are the Arms of the tour Kingdoms, 'vz'z. Eng- land, Scotland, France, and Ireland; and, about MAGN/E BRITANNIA? FRfl. ET Iii—BERNIE REX, and the Date of the Year. King 7anzes II. coined alfo the fame Pieces, both of Gold and Silver, bearing the like In- fcription, only the Name altered, 0and the Face looking towards the finifier Hand. ' King William and QJeen Mary coined the lame Pieces, both of Gold and Silver, bearing the like Infcriptions, the Names only altered , the Faces, which are two, both looking towards the dex- ter Hand, with the Arms of England on the Re— verfe. - In the Center of the Arms, an In- efcutcheon of Pretence, Billette, a Lion rampant. But, after the Death of Qieen .Mary, the Coin had only the Efligies of the King. Qieen .dnne lucceeding, her l3Efligies in he1 Coin looked toward the left Hand. All her Mo- ney likewife milled; with the like Bearings on the Revcrfe. King George’s Coin is alfo milled. In the Re- verfe, the Arms of the Kingdoms, as before , with an In-efcutcheon of the A1ms of his moi’t illulhious and ancient Family. All Coins current in England, as well Gold as Silver, are feveral, and of a difi'eient Value, but all reduced to Pounds, Shillings, and Pence : Only, in Relation to the Neceflity of the Poor, and Exchange of great Money, at finall Piece '4 .1 of Brafs, Copper, or Tin, called a Farthing, being the fourth Part of a Penny, and a Halt- Book I. penny, which is the Value of two F arthmgs, , have been permitted to be coined, but 110 Man is c0mpelled to receiVe them for Payment of Debt, or Rent, which cannot be laid of any Nation, or State, in the World befides. ‘ ‘ No Money, in any Mint, is made of pure Gold or Silver, as being too flexible- -, and there- fete allayed with Copper. The Standard of Crown Gold, is 22 Carrats of 1111c Gold, and .2 Carrats of Allay, in the Pound Weight Troy; which 15 divided into 44 Parts and a Half, each Part is to pafs for 305. and. the half Part for 105. The Allay of fome Gold Coins 13 all Silver, as the Guinea Gold, which renders the Gold Coin, fome more white, fome more yellow. The Standard for Sterling Silver 15 I I Ounces and 2 Penn1 y-weights of fine Silver, and 18 Pen- ny- weights Allay of Copper out of the Fire. So that 12 Ounces of pure Silver, Without-any Al- lay, are worth 3 1.45. 5s. 4 d. But, with Allay, it is worth but 31. and the Ounce 55. The Moniers divide the Pound Troy into 12 Ounces, the Ounce into 20 Penny-weights, the Penny- weight mm 24 Grains, .the Grain mm 20 Mites, the Mite into 24 Droits, the Droit. into 20 Perits, and the Perit into 24 Blanks. A Table of the Englifh Gold Coins, and their Value. .. . ' l.‘ s. ‘ d." A Piece of 2 s. 9d. is wort 4 — o '03 3’ APieceoffl5s - - - - ~ --0 059 A Piece ofgs. 6d. — - - - o 06 3‘ APieceofxos. - — — - - o' '11 6 APieceof115.'- — — - — o 12 ‘6 A Scotch Crofs— —Dagge1s . - ' o ' 12 6' A Piece of 205. K. jam. andK. Ch. I; 03' '6 A Piece of 225. - - 1 05 6 An Half El faheth - - ' — - o 14 6 A Piece of 303. j‘acohus - - I '15 o‘ A Piece of 225. of Queen Ellfaheth 1 09 ‘ ‘o 4 A Rofe Noble of Qieen Elifaheth - 2 05 o A Role Noble of King 3am“ I - 2 oo 0 An Angel of Qieen Elzfaheth ‘. - ‘0 1'4 9 An ‘Angel of King j‘ames I. . - . o 13 0 An Angel of King Charles I. .- - o I 1 6 ’ An Angel of King Charles II. ~ v o 05 o A Ship oAngel of King Charles II - o 05 o A lefi’er Ship Angel of K Charles II. o 04 ‘ 6 . A Ship Angel of King yams II. -' o 04 6 A Guinea - - - I 01 6 A Half Guinea — — - — - 0 IO 9 A DOuble Guinea Piece - - ~, 2 03‘ A Five Guinea Piece - - - - 5 07 6] ' Thus the aforefaid Value of the Gold Coin flood for many Years, till,. of late, about the Year 1717, the Guineas, by Proclamation, were ‘ reduced Sixpence each Guinea, and the other Coin 1n Proportion. And, here, before we take our Leave of the .Mz'nt, we {hall let down divers Things, accord- ing to the Order of Time wherein they happen— ed, relating both to the Matter of the Men, and the Officers thereof. A Grant to 70hn Wood, Efq; for the Keeping of the King’s Coin and Nloney, of Gold and Sil- ver, in the Tower of London, and elfewhere in England , 11’: of King Richard III. Anna 1552, it feems all or moi’t of the Ofli— cers had been tardy, f0 of an Aét of Pardon frOm King Edward VI, or, at leafi, pro majorz' Caatela. And there was a Pardon granted by him, dated 72d}: the 21%, No Money made of puré Gold 01 811. VCI‘. The Alley. The Stand-5 ard: » 6d. and the Ounce is' Various Mata: ters of the Mat, and Officers of 1:; 7.5 Keeper of the King 5 Coin. Ledger King Kz'. hardIII A Pardon for that they flood in Need the Officers of the Mint. M8341: Tu”. Anne Kegnz' 6, to Sir yohn Torh, Knt. Under— 1"” ”“- Treafurer of the Coin-Money and Mini: within the Chap. XVIII.‘ . Tower 6f London. We Mint e' i .1 , the Tower of Lona’m and Seat/aware : To Nit/ae- , ~ I 03 [as Tbroekmorton, ‘Efq; one of the ‘Under-Trea~ OffiCCS and Officers . ‘ Fees grerscof the find Zlgz‘nts: To Sir 701m God/aloe B h ' l. s. d. . nt, Omptro er 0 the Min; Within . e' ’. . mug t over 28 To Thomas Fleetwooa’, Gent. ComptrdlllngCei'mihe mayhem Humphrey H01”. H5727] 4- ° 0 Illim‘, within the Tower and Soutbwark : To W’z‘l— Wily-teeth -. heir}? Biflbiflflmw 6 liam Knight, of‘La'mloa, Mercer, 'Afi‘ay—Maf’ter or 2 mm MW” and 70”” PM‘ ° e e the faid .Mz'ats : To I/Vil/z'am Dumb, Auditor of Teelnlere, at I'e 1' each ‘ ‘ ' - ' the faid Mam; .- To William BiZZingfley array- Sf“; Art/err Bdrm, Regen Mafier: To Milieu” Stanley, of Lender; Gold— W527; 2/19, Roger Hen/bate, Ralph finith, Affay~Maften For all and all ’lVIanhér m; axe/3:72)}: Gray, Robert‘Be/i- ' 6 I gf’Tranfgreflions, Contempts, Abufes, and Of— arfePeefee/‘olemaimeg? and magi 213 8- ences, touchin or concernin th' ' ' ,. H V ‘ ’ 2 ' 13 s. 4‘ ' the Tower and Seoutlawark. g e {and Met: Of each ”- J Bafe Monies 1172720 1560, bafe Monies, bein called in ‘be T " ‘* ‘ ~ » a . . ”‘5'” 311:5;1'212’1. Queen Eli/abetb’s Proclamation, gwere received he Sum of all the Fees aforefaidis 557 6 8 m5.- into the Mat, and fine Monies thereof m‘ide. Tl: N ' And a Computation was given in, from the Mat . * e ether Mint. of the bafe Monies received into the. Mn: fince 'ngh Treafurer, Sir Edward P 30%- .Mz'cla‘aelmas 1560, to Jilie/aaelmas 1561, and of .Iaam, Knt. ' x 200 o o the Charges of the Workmanfhip‘, or Coinage of Under, Treafurer, Tbomas Stanley 100 0 0 ‘ the fine Monies thereof made; With a Note of And in Augmentation Of his the Provifions, and other ChargeS‘ineident to the Fee, during the Qleeh’s Plea-i fame; the Waite of Melting and Bl‘anchincr be- fure, in Confideration Of his 36 6 8 ing borne. . ‘3 Travel about the Alteration of l . Total of the Mafs of hate Monies, was Six— " the bafe Money . hundred and Thirty-one Th'otifand', Nine-hun- COmPthCra Wm Bull ——4- 66 1-3 .4 dred, and Fifty Pounds Weight, And in Augmentation of his Which Was current Money, according to the Fee, during the QJeen’s Plea- " Rates of their reveal Standards, Six-hundred and fure, m Confideration of his > 33 6 8 Thirty—eight Thoufand, one Hundred, and Thir- ‘ Travel about the Alteration ofl , teen Pounds, frxteen ShillingS, and Sixpence. - the Brafs Money J v Total of the Mafs of fine Monies, Two-hun- AITay Mafie‘r, William Humphrey 66 ‘13 4" tired and Forty-four Thoufand, Four-hundred Auditor, Henry Coddenlram, for and fixteen Pounds weight. , the Wages 0f one Clerk, (111-; 10 0 0 Which is in Monies current, at 60 s. the Pound . ‘ ring the @een’s Pleafure ' Weight, Seven-hundred and Eighty-three Thou- :TCllCrS, Mllz'am Wig/atman, at] fand, Two—hundred, Forty-eight Pounds. 33 1' 6 l.‘ 8 d' Robert Stringf 31‘ The Charges The two Treafurers of the Met, Thomas Staiz- : law, Rzelaard Temewe, ngimz'n l ‘ . ” Eff a)??? ley and Thomas Fleettvoed, Equ; had far their T 7019.7“, 7obn.Rabinfon,_‘7elm Bab—h ,246 I3 4‘ Money. ee Workmanfliip,‘or Coinage,allbwed 7 d. thePouhd : barn, Robert Wilfon, Edward ' Wéight: Which came to 7128 l; 16 s. ' PI/zlfen, and Nth/”1‘” Clark, at Moreover, the Provifions, as Coal, Coining I- 261. 13 e' 4d' 7—“ J r'ons, and Iron-Work, Argol, Salt—petre, Trays, Surveyor Of the Melting-Houfe,} 26 13 4. with divers other NeceffarieS, came to 38481. . Thomas 701.9770” 2 S. 8 d. Graver, Dem/e flat/early ——-- 3’0 0 0 Moreover, Fees of Officers and Minii’t'ers, with Finer, Thoma: Glenton 20 0 e their Diet for one Year, 2006 l. 5 's.-7 d.‘ . Chrk 0f the Irons, Hump/grey Wells I 3 6 8 Sum Total of the Charges aforefaid am'ou'ht— Sinker Of the Irons, 70/” Lauren: 20 o 0 ed to Forty—thoufand, Three—hundred, and iix Purveyor, 70”” Tower: 13 6 8 Pounds, fifteen Shillings, and three PenCe. , ., 31.x Blanchers, at 131‘ 6 s. 8 d' each 80 o 0 Odd Pieces At this Time, odd Pieces Were coined, of Five M elters, three at 131' 65’} 5.7 o 6 mined- which we have now—a—days none current, and 8 d' one at 101. and one at 71' . . hardly any fuch Monies to be feen, namely, Four- Four Labourers to the Melters 40 o o pence-half—penny Pieces, Two-pences‘, Farthing Agndlillanchers, at 10 1' each Pieces, and Penny-half—penny Pieces. ’ . 13mm . . 7—P— Io 0‘ 6 Officers and At this Time, thefe were the Officers ferving 'A otmaker, PI/zllzam Foxlow,that} IO 0 o ‘hw Fees- in the Mint, with their Fees according to (Lueen A Igpt {0 long ‘ Elzfaeella’s Ei’tabliihrnent, dated December 6, for CI f”? h I’d" ""‘ 1° ° 0, one Year, ending at Michael/”rear 15161, for the etc 0 t e n entures M 10 O 0 Upper Meat and the Nether. The Sum of all the {aid yearly Fees I 100 o 0 Tire Upper Mint. .4an I572, Regin. Eli/abate, 14..f She bgrantefd. Loni/"gt agar. ' V Fees. a Patent to elm Lom‘ on, durin Li e, to e Ma - ter- 0’ 3' Offices and Officers. 1. s. d. ter Worker Zf the Mofnies in the Tower, and elfe-. gfeihe Me' T reafurer, Thomas Fleetweea’ - I 33 6 8 where through this Realm. And his Allowance, ' Amy-Matter, bejftapbér Leg __— 4o 0 0 was fourteen Pence Farthing upon every Pound Surveyor of the Melting—Houfe, 6 of Silver-coined. This Man coined Money, In: Clarifi'oplaer Stanley 2 I 3 4 Pence Farthing in the Pound under the Standard, Purveyor, Michael Towerfm —-—- 13 6 8 and ihort of the Weight for divers Years; pref, Clerks, Thomas l/Veflm‘e/z and Ri- ' tending that his Indenture bore him out, 3.3 1t, c/aard IVoed, at 51. each —— } IO 0 o feemed indeed to do. Ric/yard Martin: wahdehIRir/Wt’ Mm Melters, 70/971 Hawarel and Robert, 6 of the Mim‘, was the chief Man that fued hxrn -, tifmhwg/rlqlen Paremaa, at I 3 l. 6 s. 8 (1. each i 2 I3 4 his Oflice‘being to overfee Matters of the Milken; 2077;: Under Melters, W imam" Smith, This CohtroVerfy between Marlin and Lomfon Thomas Afimaer, at' 121. each; 34. o 0‘ continued for forne Years. For in the Year 1574’. and Richard flfbr‘en, at IO 1. the Lord Treafurer left the Matter to Peter. of , . ._..——_.__.—- eara, the Remembrancer, an able and honef’t Man. I 3 Carry oVer' 284 o‘ o Mart? and Lori/biz had'fe’veral Conferences Pe— - D OTC 194" Tower of London. The Mint. fore the faid Oréorn, expounding the Articles of their Indentures. Ofl/ora bad' them draw out two Books each, concerning their own Minds. . Ther‘Warden. did'fo, and fent his .by 0/5077; to the Lord Treafurer, concerning the Meaning of the {aid Articles. Loni/0a had Order 'toydraw out his Book; and” that he Ihould- fet down fimply what he thought was the Meaning of the Articles, for his Turn and Purpofe. Thefe two Books faved the Lord Treafurer Abundance v of Pains, ‘ and'NVould ferVe to 7give Light to‘the Qleen’s Commifiio- ners for [a- njbn’s Buli- nefs. Their Report and Opinion in the Matter. ‘ learned Council and the Judges, the mOre lkil- fully to judge “of and ' underl’tand the Matter, and to Artfmen alfo to find the Difference be- tween them, which it feems was not f0 eafily dif— coverabl'e. ‘ - " ‘ ‘ ' ’ This held till the Year. 1578, when the Qieen appointed Comniifiioners to enquire into Lonifoa’s Doings -, who pretended to them, that he did it, becaufe fourteen Pence was too little. to bear out the Charges. In fine, the Commifiioners were contented to allow him fifteen Pence for every Pound Weight. And, if he would not accept of that, tobe difcharged of what was pafi, and the Qieen to make Choice of another Officer in his Place, and to allow him a Penfion of 3001. a v Year, during his Life, to be paid out of the Coinage. The Commiflioners were Perfons of the higheft Rank, ‘vz'z. Nicholas Bacon, Lord- Keeper -, William Lord Baring/J, Lord-Treafurer; Thoma: Earl of Suflcw; Roaert Earl of Leia/fer; Sir Cbrzflopber .Hatlan, Sir Francis Waging/9am, and Sir Walter Mldmay ; all Privy-Counfellors. And here I will fubjoin the very Report and Opinion of the -faid,Lords, and other her Majef— ty’s Commiflioners, touching this Controverfy in the Mini Caufes, given May 24., 1578. And the rather, becaufe fomewhat of the Nature of the Mint in thofe Days, may be known. . ». “~ Firjfi, They find, that the Standard for Sil— “ ver Monies, appointed by her Majefiy, is ele- i ven Ounces two, Penny-weights,.fine Silver; . “ and eighteen Penny~weights for Allay in every it dard of the Sterling of England.. . ‘ n “ fame Bullion at the .Finenefs of the Standard. “‘. VVhereupon they think, that no Bullion ‘6 6‘ “ aforefaid. ‘ . ‘- ““And therefore do like belt, if it may f0 , fiand with her Majefiy’s good Pleafure, that . (C u the faid Standard Ihould, by the Overfight and “ Avouchment of t,“ Warden, be kept in the ; Commixture and “ elting of the faid Bullion, : being the firft and principal Action of the ’ whole Work : Which they think is agreeable ‘ with .the Tenor of the Indentures; and is a: 1 greeable unto Juf’tice, in yielding unto the f Subjects as good Silver in, their Monies, as 1 ‘6 (C ‘6 ‘C ‘6 ‘9 6 fl they delivered to make the fame -, and is alfo mofi: for the public Utility of the Realm, in prefe‘rving the Riches of - the Coin, being the common Meafure' and Value of all Things, ‘ n ‘6 ‘ 0 ¢ 1" ‘, .\ without. “. By which Ref’titution of the Coin to its 6 fl ‘ h C 1‘ now {he hath -, altho’ in the Riches of her Trea- fure it will be ftlfficiently recompenfed. “ That whereas, out of the eighteen Pence which the Subjeétpayeth for the Coinage, Waite, and Workma’nfhip of every Pound Weight, 0‘ C 0 6 n ‘ a ‘ 0 (C \ Pound Weight :, Which is the ancient Stan- . l r. ought to be put to .Melting to make Sterling - Monies, of lefs Finenefs than the Standardf bought and fold, both within theRealm and; Perfection, it will fall out, that her Majeflzy then mufl: forbear a Part of that Gain, which -' her Majef’ty now hath ten Pence, and the Maf- : ter eight Pence, there. is taken from the Mo- ‘ . nvies, as the Coinage is now in Weight and ' t 3‘ _ c -‘ “ . C I c “ Item, They find that every Perfon, bringL : ing Bullion to be coined, mufi deliver the I. ‘6 6‘ ‘6 CC 0‘ C ma ‘ 0 (C ‘ n (‘ (C C IN ‘6 ¢ 1‘ CC (C (C Finenefs, .fix Pence Farthing more, to make up fourteen Pence Farthing for the Mafier’s Al- lowance, without which he cannot perform the Work. And, if the Standard ihould be refto- red in Perfection, then the fame fourteen Pence . Farthing is to come out of the eighteen-Pence paid by the Subjects, and not out of the vMo- mes. ' "‘ And fo will remain to heraMajefty, upon the Pound Weight, three Pence three F arthings, which neverthelefs is more than any of her Majefiy’s Progenitors had in the like Cafe. “ And‘ yet the Commiflioners think, that the Subjects, to have the Standard kept upright, and to receive their Money coined by Weight, as heretofore they have done, may be endured to pay twenty—one Pence, upon the Pound .Weight, for Coinage and \Vai’te, which is three Pence more than they now do. » “ And then will remain to her Majel’ty, upon C n (C C n (C B . C n ( n C no 6 n ‘. n C 0 € 1‘ C H n n a 6 n < 0 6‘ every Pound Weight, fix Pence three Far- things, and the Matter to have his fourteen Pence Farthing, being the Sum agreed on in the Bargain with him, and the Money kept in Perfeétion in Weight and F inenefs. “ The like Confideration is to be had in the Standard Of the Gold. . “ But if her Majei’ty lhall not like to forbear fowmuch of her ownCommodity, which, for the Refpeéts aforefaid, they wilh it may pleafe‘ her to do, then in a fecOnd Degree they think it fittel’t, that the Matter be thus ordered ; . “ That, the Bullion being delivered by the Subjects at the full Standard of eleven Ounces tWo Penny-weights fine, the fame ihould, ’by the Overfight and‘Avouchment of the War— den, be put to the’Melting at eleven Ounces one Penny—weight fine, and‘be fhorn at three Pounds three Pence in the Weight 5 whereby will be gotten out of the Monies, in F inenefs and Weight, fix Pence Farthing in the Pound Weight, as the half Remedy of the Alfay and Sheer. ', “ Which‘Profit they think meet to be referved. a pan ". n B 0‘ 0 n a 0 n 0‘ 'wholly to her Majeity, to be accounted, viz. for the F inenefs by the Ledger and Melting Books a. and for the Sheer by the Tellers Book, 'as the only true Means to make the Accompt by. ' “ Which fix Pence Farthing, being added un-. to the eighteen Pence paid by the Subjects for ‘Coinage and Wafi'c, will make two Shillings and a Farthing Upon the Pound Weight ;, whereof deduct fourteen Pence Farthing in Money by Tale for the Maiter’s Allowance :_ And then will remain to her Majefiy ten Pence, the Sum that now fire hath. “ But becaufe the Malter doth alledge, that fourteen Pence Farthing is too little to bear all this Charges; the Commifiioners in that Re- quefiz, to encourage him the better to ferve her Majei’ty faithfully in the Place, do think it convenient, if it may fo like her Majef’cy, to to make his Allowance the Sum of fifteen . Pence upon the Pound Weight. .“ And then flaall remain to her Majei nine Pence Farthing, upon every Pound Weight, not much lefs than the Sum fhe now hath. “ The like is to be had in the Standard Of Gold. “‘ And whereas 2‘01?” Loni/0a, now Mafier— Worker of the Mat, hath been charged with the Breach of the Standard 5 whereby it is alledged, that he fhould be in Arrearage to her- Majefty ; becaufe that in his Anfwer it feems that he took it, that his Indenture gave him Power to proceed in the Courfe he hath done ; and that the Profecution of the Suit in the fame hath been very chargeable unto him ; the Com— miflioners think convenient, that it may Plefife “ er Book ‘I. Chap. (6 Lani/572’s Debt to the Queen. Conclufions for Coining Gold and Sil- ver. Pence, of what Value. 7“ :XVIII‘. “ her Majel‘ty, fOr the Ending of the Controver- 1 “ fy, to give him aDifcharge for all thofe Things “ tiling in Qlel’tion heretofore 5 and that he may- ‘ pafs his Account to the Warden accordingly. ‘ “ And that it likewife plcafe‘ her Majelty to give a Difchargebnto Richard Martin, now I‘ Warden of the Mini, for to reckon and pafs' the laid Lonifon’s Account in Form afore-dea clared : Which ‘Martin they .do not find to 1 have done any Thing in this Controverfy thereby to have any particular Gain to himfelf 5 ' 0 ( a ‘ l‘ u t ‘C n C B ( I‘ tended to her Majei’ty’s Service, and for dif- charging of his Duty belonging to the Office. ' “ And, this being by her Majel’ty allowed, the Indentures are to be renewed. “ Finally, if Lonifon will not accept of this: laft Offer, to have fifteen Pence upon the Pound ‘ Weight, and to be difcharged of what is pail, then the. Commiflioners think good, that her Majelly fhould make Choice of another Officer, : that will ferve the Place in fuch Sort as may be molt beneficial to her Majcfiy. . “ Neverthelefs, becaufe Lonifon ihall not be dif— mifi'ed without fufficient Recompence for his Service and Interel’t,’the Commiffioners think convenient, that he have a Penfion of 3001. by the Year, during his Life, to be paid out “ of the Coinage :, or, that wanting, out of her “ Majefty’s Receipt; and one—hundred Pounds “- a Year after his Deceafe unto his Wife, during “ her. Life, out of the Coinage.” Mo. Bacon, Tho. Safli’x, Cbr. Hatton, lVilliain Barleig/o, Rolorzf Loicdler, Francis W alflng/oani, Walter .Mildniay. 4 But, Lonifon not complying with the Commif— {lone-rs, or dyingbefore all was ended'between the (been and him, there was brought in to his Executors a Charge of his Debt to. the Qieen, for fo much as in his Time he had impaired the Monies 'of Weight and F inenefs under their juft Standard. So that from flpril 1572, to oaoia 1578, there remained due to the ueen by him, for the Remedies of the Afl‘ay, an. Sheer upon Gold molten and coined, 621. 73. II d. and 8 Mites. And alfo remained due and owing to the QJeen fer the Remedies of the Affay, and Sheer upon Silver molten and coined, I 876 l. I 3 s. 3 d. and eight Mites. Sum Total due to her Majef- ty for Gold and Silver, according to the Ledger and Tellers Books, 19391. 2 s. 2 d. v}, and four Mites. ‘ Upon the forefaidvRefolution of the Commif— fioners for Lonifon’s Bufinefs, thefe Matters fol- lowing were concluded upon, or perhaps pro- poundcd, only, by the Lord Treafurer’s Device chiefly, for the Coining of Gold and Silver, and for Allowances to be made to the Warden and Mailer-Worker. , . Befides the four Manner of Monies of Silver, one Piece of a Penny {hall be coined -, fo as Se- ven—hundred and Twenty thereof make the Pound Weight. ‘ The Bullion of Gold {hall be coined at twenty- three Caraéts, three Grains, a (barter of fine Gold, and three Qiarters of 3 Grain of Alloy. The Silver Standard at eleven Odnces one Penny-weight fine, and nineteen Penny—weights of Alloy into the Melting—pot. The Gold to be 36 l. 1 5. IO d. a, the Pound Weight. ‘ The Silver at 60 s. 3 d. the Pound Weight. The Warden {hall take up in every Pound Weight of Gold 5 s. 10 d. %, out of the which he lhall pay to the Mailer-Worker 3 s. 4. d. l. And he lhall take of every Pound Weight of Silver 2 d. ' by Tale -, out of which he {hall pay to the Mailer—Worker 12 d. i. C h ‘6 ‘6 ‘C ‘6 ‘C (C ‘6 ‘C (C (C but the whole Matters alledged by him to have ' Tower of LondOn.‘ The ’Mint.‘ .Note, therefhall be retained, out. of the CM}? mixtion of Gold, one 18th Part of a Cara-ct "of ‘Gold, of every Pound “Teight, of a POund of Gold. ‘ ' ' '~ ,. . ' - And one Pennyeweight of SiIVer of every Pound of Silver; which the Mailer-Worker Ihall have to. his own Ufe, befides the faid 3 s. 4 d; a above; {and for Gold; . and 12 d. i, for Silver, towards all Manner of Charges. I From April: 572, to the lai’tof Ol'z‘olér, 1573, Gold Monies coined were five-hundred and eigh- ty-threerPounds, Avoirdupoife Weight, eleven Ounces, three Qiarters. From the lal’c of Oca toler, I573, to the 12th of 7nly, 1578, Gold Mo. ney coined were fix-hundred and tWentyanine , Pounds, Avoirdupoife Weight, eight Ounces, one Penny‘weight, and fix Grains; ' From April, as aforefaid, to the hit of Ofioler, I 7 5 3, Sil‘vervMonies coined Were fifty-five Thou: fand, fix Hundred, and feventy~five Pounds Weight, fix Ounces. From the laf’c of Ofioler, as aforefaid, to 'j‘aly, 1578, Silver Monies coined were. ninety-four Thoufand, two Hundred, and thirty-eight Pounds Weight, ten Ounces, and fiX-tCCIl Penny-weights. “ ' ’ ~ flnno I577, there was a Trial-piece made: Which Trial-piece tried the Work—Mailer of thé Mint’s Monies. Which Mr. Martin the War- , den brought into Goldfinitlis—Hall, being a jult and good Standard in F inene-fs, as he divers Times reported it to be by Trial made thereof in France and Flanders, and by many other Trials of the fame made, before the Preferring' of"the‘ fame to the Goldfmiths. And another Trial? piece was made, authorifed by the Privy-Council,“ to touch Plate. ' ' ‘ ., In the Year 1570, and odd, one’iNic/aolas Ry/t-’ ward, formerly a Dependant on Walter Pepper/d," belonging to theQJeen’s Mines in Ireland, pe’ti-l tioned the Qieen about the Mint Aihe's'. The; Rubbifh and Afhes of [the Tower Mat were cafit‘ out as of no Value, and lay rejected for the Space, of four or five Years; and-fome for twenty, forty, fixty, or a hundred Years, and u wards, as vain and of no Eftimation, after the Si vet and Trying, good Handling, and Hulbandry with La- Qleen to grant, to him and his Afligns, all that ,Rubbifh and .Afhes'of all her .Mini‘r,‘ which‘had been f0 call: out in the Tower, vor fuch Parts of them as fhe fl‘lOLlld pleafe, with convenient Liberé ty to make, filling and making ‘ Grounds which he {hall break, and leaving them in as good Cafe, or better, than he found them; during fome reafonable Term of Years, by her Majel’ty to be limited: , ’ thers {hould have, ufe, or occupy, the Trying of with the fame were mingled; to be taken at fome Profit that fhould grow thereby. Ric/yard Martin, before mentioned, now Maf- ter of the .Mim‘, Alderman of London, afterwards Sir Ric/yard Martin, Knt. and Lord-Mayor, was a very able and honelt Man, and long had ferved in that Office ; but he could not efcape Enemies and Enviers. Thefe had fet on a beggarly, bold Fellow to accufe him, the Slander whereof ran abroad, and made a great Impreilion upon him, as though he coined not good Standard. Where.- upon, to fatisfy the (been, the , Lord-Treafurer, and all others, in his Truth and Faithfulnefs, he made an Ofl’er, in zlpril I 586, to the {aid Treafu- ' rer, .14 other Metals had been tried," Wafhed, fined, and" molten. This Man thought, that ‘by further; ' bour, thefe Heaps of Rubbifh might be wrought, and reduced to fome Commodity and Profit.‘ In Confiderationwhereof, he humbly befought~ the’ fearch, dig, take, and ufe the fame ;' ood the fame Places and; reafonable yearly Rent, or Part‘of the Gain 01“ 165 @antity of Money coin- ed, Gold and ' Silver. A Trial- piece made. Mint Allies: With Provifo, that no o-j the Allies nor Rubbiih, nor the Earths whereu‘ Mailer of the Mint’s Of~ ce. Sir Ric/Jan! Illan‘in. :196 Tower of London. The Mint. rer, propounding' Means whereby Trial might :be made of the Goodnefs and Finenefs of her; _Maj.efiy’s Money : Which was, that a Jury of 1 honefl: and indilferent Perfons fhould be Tworn‘ to .try, and prefent the Truth unto her Majefly’s ‘3 lCommiflioners touching the Work-mafier’s Deal- ' ingiin making the QICCH’S Monies. The Jury to Sperry/5 Monies. And that after the jult Standard of! II Ounces 2 Penny-weights fine of pure Sil- ver of :2 Ounces fine, and I8 Penny—weights of Alloy, according to her Majefly’s Indenture, and as alWays it hath been done from Time to Time. And that thefe Pots {hall be feverally molten, and call out into fmall Ingots, as .is ufed for making the Monies. That then, for molt Indiffe- rency, there may be taken three of thofe fmall Ingots of either Pot, for making the Pot-Alfay in Manner as followeth, -vz'z. one fmall Ingot of the firit Range, another fmall Ingot of the Midf‘t of the Pot, and another {mall Ingot of the lafl'. Range of the fame Pot. And that of every of thefe {mall Ingots there be taken a juft and equal Proportion to make the Pot-Afi’ay, the Pound fub- tile being of I 5 Grains. To make the fame, there are to be taken, of every of thofe three fmall In- gots, 5 Grains. And that, after the Monies {hall e made up of Aldermen, Merchants, and? Commoners of the bell: Rank and Qlality. And .- that they repair to the Mat, and there fee the . Weighing, Afi'aying, Commixing, and Melting of ' one Pot of Silver Ingots, and another Pot of People; but as formerly, in a Letter to the Lord Treafurer, he appealed to the Searcher of all Hearts, ‘ who bell: knew how unjufily he was ac- cufed, and earnel’tly-defired an honel’t and indif- ferent Jury for Trial of his Caufe; fo'it befpake his faithful and good Service, that the (green continued him thus long in her Service. Lax/fly, Let me add two or three Things more, and f0 conclude this’Difcourfe of the Met. . Though the Kings of England had feveral The King’s M7”: in other Places in the Realm, yet this was $8315 ‘0 be a Privilege peculiar to the Met in the Tower, that the King’s Seals throughout the Realm were M;,,,_ to be engraven within the Tower only. For it appears on Record in the Exchequer by fundry Writs there recorded, that, when as any Seal of the Kings of this Realm in former Times were to be engraven, then a Writ was directed to the Warden of the Mim‘, limiting him the Form of fuch Seal, with a Commandment, “ That he “ lhould do fuch a Seal, to be engraven by the King’s Engraver of the Mm‘ within the Tower of London : And the fame Seal, with a fair ‘ Pattern thereof, together with the fame Writ, “ to return at a Day certain.” And then thefe Seals f0 made and returned were by the Lord Treafurer and Barons delivered unto fuch Of- ficers as fhould ufe the fame. And the Purpolb of having the Pattern was for Judgment, if any counterfeit Seals fhould be ufed. 6‘ “ 1‘ When certain Cuftomers and Alnagers in The Warden Book I. e made hereof, this Jury may alfo fee the Mo- hey~AlTays made. And, whenthis is done, the {aid Jury, in Prefence, and by Survey of the faid Mailer—worker, may collect one full Pound; Weight of all the Monies made in the Time of QieenEliflzéetb’s Reign, and many other Officers, complainedof ufed her Seal in their feveral Offices, and caufed 333;“ the fame to be made at their Pleafures; the _ . _ @een’s Seal Warden of the Met complained of them to the for their Some com- plain againll the Mint-Ma- iler. ' the-{aid Mailer—worker, as the fame fhall appear by their feveral privy Marks, either out of her Majel’cy’s Receipt, or out of Men’s Purfes, ath-[hey are to be found, as it {hall pleafe the {aid Commifiioners to appoint. And, when one full Pound Weight of every .fort of thofe Monies fhall be fo colleéled, that then every Pound Weight thereof may. be fe- verally molten, and, jult Eli'ays thereof feverally made in Prefence of ' the faid Jury and Officers of the Mm ; and that, then‘ the Premi’fes, to be pre- fented before thefaid Commiflioners, asthe fame {hall be truly found. ' In the doing all which Things, the Accufers themfelves, and others which. theyfhall defire, or as many of them as your Honours Ihall think meet, may. be prefent to fee. how all Things are done. So the whole Action and Circuml’tances in'and about the making of the faid Monies {hall be plainly laid,«open, for plain Satisfaction of the Truth to, her Majefly, her honourable Council, and all others : Which Truth the faid Mailer-Worker defireth to be made apparent, and nothing dqubteth but that his true and faithful Dealing will alfo appear therewith, to the evident Confutation of thofe flan‘derous Ac- cufations which have been raifed againf’c him. Amie I 597, fome Goldfmiths and others made a Complaint again, and preferred a Petition a- gainl’t Mifdemeanors in the Met; which were likely to caufe great Decay of her Majefly’s Pro- fit by Thoufands of Bullion that might and would com‘e'in, utterlydifcouraging her Subjects that would bring in Bullion into the Met. The great Hindrance whereof they made to be, for that Sir Richard Martin did detain great Sums of‘ their Money by Force, which had been long before cOined, converting it to his own Ufe. But this feems to be only theComplaint of fome few peevilh Folk; there being but feven Hands to the Petition and the two" firf’c. Women, viz. Mary Feel: and Sufanmb Franknel. This .Man laid long under the Spleen and Malice of fome Lord Treafurer Baring/2; lhewing the afore- OffiGCS- faid ancient Cul’tom, and the Ufefulnefs of it 3‘ and how this making of Seals at the Oflicbrs Pleafures tended to the Deceiving and Defrauding‘ of the Qleen and her People. And he required, that fome fpecial Commandment or Comm'iflion‘ lhould be given out for- defacing of all fucli Seals as were counterfeit. And that the ancient Records might be fearched for the Penalties due to fuchCounterfeitures. And that it had been heretofore accuflomed for the Warden, of Engraver, by his Appointment, to make Search for fuch counterfeit Seals ; andrhe made Prefent— ment thereof before the Lord Treafurer and Barons: And they, viz. the Mint-Mailer and Engraver, prayed his Lordfhip’s Order‘ in the Premifes to be had. One Thing more which I lhall mention inre- lation to the MM, is concerning a QtefliOn fiart- ed in Qieen Eli/abetb’s Reign about'the Coining 'of F arthings, whether to make them of Silver, Farthings, or Silver debafed, or Copper; If they fhould be made of the Standard of the other Money, the Piece would be only two Grains, of that“ Smallnefs as-neither to be conveniently coined nor handled for Payment. If a bafe Standard. be appointed therefOre to increafe the Weight, that every Farthing might weigh fix Grains, which is the fmallefi that conveniently can be, then there would be eighty in every Ounce, and in every Pound Weight 960, and would be curl rent for 20 s. The Workmanfhip thereof, COD—e fidering the Number of Pieces, the Difficulty of Melting, and Manner of Commixture, would, coft 2 s. 6 d. the Pound Weight; and, for her. Majel-‘ty’s Revenue, at leal’t 6 d. So the Value in Silver cannot exceed 17 s. that is, three Ounces three Penny-weights of fine Silver, and eight Ounces feventeen Penny-weights of Alloy. This fmall Qiantity of Silver will make no Shew,‘ and be but clearly loft, and be as eafy to conna terfeit as if they were only Copper. g If they be only of Copper, the'fame might be ”faithfully made of one Penny-weight the Piece ; and Chap. XVIII. Th8 Jilin: farmed out by the ueen. and fo in a Pound Weight thereWould be 240, and be current for 5 s. and with areaibnablerReei venuethereof to her Majei’ty, as of thebthcr ‘Monies; and Charges of Copper, .Tools,z:and. Workmanlhip will be worth their ,Value. They will be apt for Ufe, and of infinite Continuance : And in them there is no Precedent of Embafing. This was offered by Mr. Martin the Warden, and one Mr» Painter, .an. Qfficer,»as itieems, in the .Mz'nt. . . , . The (Lueen once farmed outthe Min: to fome private Subject, who feems to have been the before-mentioned, Martin, the Mint-‘Maller. The Inconvenience and Danger whereof, to herfelf and the Nation, fome Perfon unknown fhewed in this deliberate Paper to .the Lord Treaiiirer, following: ' . , g . i The Jilint-of'this our'Realm, with the Gain belonging to the fame, is not a Thing. fit. to be converted to the Ul'e of every private Subject in fuch fort asof late Time hath been, and as it doth yet continue; by reafon‘ of the Eltate of the outward Doings. of the whole Realm ; as Things foldand bought ‘whatlbever,‘ as well foreign Commodities as our own, and our Traf— fic abroad, with the‘ ordinaryiMeans to main~ tain the Treafure in competent Eftate, and to defend the fame from extraordinary Decay. All which Things depend upon thofe Doings which of Right ought to be put in Practice in the Mnt. 'And thefe Things are of” lb-much the more Im- portance, ‘by-reafon they are daily and continu- ally. in Ufe, from Time to Time. 'And therefore, as they are certainly or tinCertainly dealt in, f0 will the Price of the faid Commodities and the (Luantity of the Treafure follow accordingly, by fome near Proportion to the more Profit or Prejudice Of the Qaeen’s Majeity,‘ and the whole Realm.. L ' . . And, although we have :1 Wm, yet we have no 'Mines, and therefore the Treafure of: this our' Realm is rather to be 'maintained by Art than by Nature; And there is fome Difference between other Countries and us in the Govern- ment of the Treafiire. Andthis Thing is to be obferved, that the Occafions of Lofs or Gain do continually fallout from Time to Time, and will f0 do f0, as longzaswehaveTraliic with other Coun- tries , and many’Times in fu'oh fort, as a private Subjectris neither able to prevent the Lois, nor to procure the Gain. As of late Time there hath been Experience of both.- And, by the Ig; norance of thefe Things, the Inconveniences and Loffes which have happened to, the Queen’s Majelty’s and the whole Realm, with the Gain Which in the mean-- Time hath been negleéted,’ are not to be countervailed with the Sum of Ten hundred thoufanclr-Pouncls in one Refpect and other, . And, if every thing be duly confidered, it will appear, that” thofeVDOings- which of Right ought to be put in Prac’tice in the Mm‘, are Things of greater Charge than any private Subv— je& is able to difcharge. And, if the Mn: {hall long continue in the. Hands of a private Subject in fuch fort as ef—late Time it [hath done, -in a Iho'rt Time'it will neither be profitable to Prince n0r Stibjeéi,’ without fome general-1' Lofs other— wife, as well tothe Qieen’s Maj'ei’ty, as unto the whole Realm; ’And therefore of Neceflity the Mn! ought to be in the @een’s Majef’ty’s own Hands, whether the Gain be '. more or lefs : If not for Gain, yet, to avoid the Danger orf Lofs, othet'wile, if the likee-Oc'cafions {hould hereafter happen, . which [heretofore have hap— pened. . ‘ . . And this is, molt certain, that there is not any private Subject living, that will feek to have the M’z’nt, but rather in refpeé‘t of his own private Gain, than for herv-Majefiy’s moi’t' Profit, and the , NUMB. X. ‘ was made iA‘nnz's 7 and 8 of Mllidnz III. Cap. Tower of London; ”$an. Mint. . Commodity of the wholerRealm. Anflifla Mn!— Mafier lcangmahe the-Mitt ainful funto‘ ‘ his Cornybtmg refirainedigithinrthe Maggi)? certain. ordinary AllOWQHQC-Efig; then . much -m6rd may the ween’s Majtflymake the fame-5pm, fimblesfeqnfidering- that: .heryMajefiy :1nay’u " the ordinary, Alldwance'st further, than ”is c513: {neat for any MnteMafleriteflor; and alfo may xnci‘eafe'rfome' emaordinary (ladies :of :Gain kfar Otherwrfeythan ‘anyprivati: Subject is able rd do; And, for myown- Part, 1am certainlyperfuaded that there sis. not any—aprivatei. Subjec’tn inane? who knoweth what of-Rightrbelongeth as: air: Mmz‘, that :with a fafe Confcience can either Teék to have the. Mini himfelf, or "would :be. willing that any other ihould have-the,'fame in Uftfl‘but only the mleen’s Majel’cy, if by: any convenient Means italic in him to preventthe contrary. ,. ‘ , And although it may be thought, that ‘fuch certain and apparent Gain, as the Qleen’s. Mai Jelly hath had by the letting out of the Mntto a private Subject, hath been much more profitable, than otherwicfe it would have been, if the fame had remained in her Majefly’s own , Hands 4; which notwithflanding, if every Inconveniencebe duly obferved, it will appear, that the ferret Lofs which‘fince that Time hath happened to the Qieen’s Majefiy, and the whole Realmglhath far exceeded any fuch Gain guand that :in divers and fundry Refpeé‘ts, not here who fer down-at large -, but otherwife, if without Ofl'ence it 'rr-ray be thought convenient. '. . * " I"? ‘- T/ae Oficerizof the Mint,wAnno I704, "oft/91:54? ‘ ' ’ ‘ Note, were ”56%”? ‘ ’ “"2. ' ""7": Sir john Sganley, Mailers-Worker.» . ‘ - , Dr, Newton, Warden oftthe Mm: : :12: Mr, Ellis, Comptroller.‘ . ' , : _ * Mr. Berisflrd, Deputy—Comptroller‘.iir: ,2: ;Mr, Harris, Engraver. ' Mr. Brhtfle, AfiayMafietx W‘ Mr- Horny, Weigher and Teller;.-:, 3'01?” Brantgfifq; Chief :Engineen.~ fl" The 01%” 5 0f 7/“ Minti‘knno 171:6;Wre‘i279fifl Warden'of- the MM, Sir Rickardfinnfondni .,Mafter-_Worker, Sir [fenchwtom Knight-1:7: $1 show-pm NJ-i 00 . ;Keeper,of- the .Change, and Coinage, tSir R11- , chard Sanford, Baronet, ., .. '_. Comptroller,-:Mdriin Ridden, Efq. ' -.:::t.-.xi '3. ., » AITay~Mafierfl 1lVln Charlie: Emile]. ‘ - :"":r‘t .: Clerk. of aha-Papers, Mr. Thoma: Hall- - ‘ 1,5, Deputy7Warden, Mr. Pin/ens}. A » -' We'igherfancl I eller, Hapton Heine’s, Efq.i "" " ,. Deputy Mafiar-Workér.‘~Dr.-7abnFran/52‘s Fanl. gnaw. , . a ,r , Deputyrcomptroller, MrlEdwdrd Haw/é; . Clerk.- of the Irons, MajorQGeneral nanny; , Evans. , _, , The Money being very much clipped an'd'filed in'the Year 1695, an Act was; made to oblige every one to take it at the ‘full‘Value: And, by another Aét-made inthe 7th of‘W‘z'le'dm I_II,_it' was called in to be reéc‘oined, everyone, that brought any cli d Money ‘to the Mini, being allowed the ful 'lValuc "as if it had nor been diminilheds' and a Tax' was 'raifed to‘ flipply the Deficiency of the real ‘Value. ‘ ”it ,- '- ‘And, "as Silver Coin became exceeding iféarc'e,‘ , the Gol'dfrofe‘ near one Third in the Value, every, till an Act reducing'the Guinea to twenty-fix Shillings, and f0 proportionably for all other Gold Com. f~ . .p , And the Importation of ’Guineas and 3133' Guineas was prohibited '; Foreigners Coining them abroad, and pourinc them In upon us, when they'found they could’ gain a third Part of the Valueby the Importation. ‘ E e All Guinea pafling for thirty Shillings, a 07 T. S. [17541 108 TOwer of London; 7716 Mint. 'fome of the King’s Mints, or having the fame All Taverns, and public Houfes, were prohi- bited ufing Plate, on Pain of Forfeiture; and Encouragement given to them, and others, to bring their Plate to the Mat to be coined, of which there being enough coined foon after to fupply the Want of the old clipped Money, the . Paying of it was prohibited, and Guineas were reduced to twenty-two Shillings. By 8 and 9 William III. Cap. 8, it was enaéted that no filver Vefi‘el, Plate, or Manufaéture of Silver, fhould be wrought or made lefs in F ine- nefs than eleven Ounces ten Penny-weights of fine Silver, in every Pound Troy. If the Wardens or Mafliers of the Goldfmiths Company make any Plate contrary to this Act, they forfeit the Value thereof. By 8 and9 [William III. Cap. 26, for the pre- Venting the Counterfeiting the Coin, it is enacted, That, after the 15th of May, 1697, no Smith, Engraver, Founder, or other Perfon whatfoever, except fuch as are employed in his Majefiy’s Mats, forathe Ufe of the faid Mints only, or Perfons lawfully authorized by the Lords of the Treafury, {hall knowingly make or mend any qunchiOn, Counter Punchion, Matrix, Stamp, Dye, Pattern, or Mold of Steel, Iron, Silver, or other Metal, or of Spaud or fine Founders Earth, or Sand, or other Materials whatfoever, by which {hall be made or impreifed the Figure, Stamp, or Similitude, of both or either Side, of any Gold or Silver Coin, current within this Kingdom, or make or mend any Edgen, Infiru- ment, or Engine contrived for making of Money round the Edges with Letters, Grainings, or other Marks, refembling thofe on the Edges of Money coined in the King’s .Mint, nor any Prefs for Coinage, or cutting Engine for cutting round Blanks, nor knowingly buy, fell, or hide, or, without lawful Authority or Excufe, have in his Houfe or Pofl‘effion; any fuch Tool or In- firument before-mentioned : And any Perfon whatfoever, except as before, who ihall offend in any of the, Matters aforefaid, every fuch Of- fender, his Aiders and Abettors {hall be guilty of high Treafon. _ ’ If any Perfon, after the faid 15th of May, fhall, without lawful Authority, wittingly con- vey, out of any of the King’s Mitts, any of the faid, or other Infiruments, ufed about Coining of Money there, or any ufual Part of fuch In- i’cruments, fuch Perfons fo offending, their Aid- ers and Abettors, {hall be guilty of high Treafon. If any Perfon, other than fuch as are employed in the King’s Mats, or who have Authority from the Lords of the Treafury, fliall, after the faid Time, mark on the Edges any the current Coin of this Kingdom, or any diminifhed Coin of this King- dom, or any other counterfeit Coin refembling the Coin of this Kingdom, with Letters, Grain- ings, or other Marks, like thofe on the Edges of Money coined at the King’s Jl/Iini, every fuch Offence fhall be high Treafon, and the Offender fliall 'fuffer accordingly. If any'Perfon after the faid Time {hall co- lour, gild, or cafe over with Gold or Silver, or any “Wth or Materials producing the Colour of Gold or Silver, any Coin refembling the current Coin of this Kingdom, or any round Blanks of bafe Metal, or of coarfe Gold or Silver, of the Size of the milled Money, or gilt over Silver Blanks, to be coined into Pieces refembling the current Gold Coin of this Kingdom, every fuch Perfon, his Aider and Abettor, {hall be guilty of high Treafon. If any Punchion, Dye, 55c. ufed or defigned for Coining or Counterfeiting of Gold or Silver Money, lhall, at any‘Time after the faid 15th of May, be hid, concealed, or found in the Houfe, or Pofl‘eflion of any Perfon, not employed in by fome lawful Authority, any Perfon may feize ' the fame, and carry them forthwith to fome Juitices of Peace, to be produced in Evidence againft the Perfon, who 1hall or may be profe- cuted for fuch Offence, and, after fuch Producing in Evidence, the fame {hall be totally defaced and defiroyed, by Order of the Court, or in the Prefence of the fame, or fome other Jufiice of Peace. - ' . And if, after the faid 15th of May, any couno terfeit or diminiihed Money {hall be produced in Evidence, or otherwife, that, immediately after fuch Producing, the faid Money {hall be cut in Pieces in open Court, or in the Prefence of fome . Jultice of Peace, and then delivered to the rightful Owner. ' If any Perfon after the faid Time fliall blanch Copper for Sale, or mix blanched Copper with Silver, or knowingly buy or fell, or offer to fell, fuch, or buy or fell any malleable Compofition of‘Mixture of Metals or Minerals, which {hall be heavier than Silver, and look and wear like Standard Gold, but be manifefiy’ worfe than Standard, or fhall receive, pay, or put on" any counterfeit milled Money, or milled Money un- lawfully diminifhed, and not cut in Pieces, at a lowerRate than the fame by its Denomination {hall import, every fuch Perfon {hall be guilty of Felony, and fulfer Death, as in Cafe ofFelony. By 9 William III. Cap. 2, after the 10th of january, 1697, no hammered Silver Coin of this Kingdom {hall be efteemed the lawful Coin of this‘ Realm, nor be current in any Payment at any Rate or Value by Weight or otherwife, nor ihall the Tender of any fuch hammered Silver Money, after the faid 1 0th of yanuary, be deemed a good Tender in Law, nor the Refufal thereof, in any Payment, be adjudged a Refufal of the lawful Coins of this Kingdom. ' By the 9th and 10th PVilliam III. Cap. 2 1, any Perfon to whom any Piece or Pieces of Silver Mo— ney {hall be tendered being diminiihed, otherwife than by Wearing, or by the Stamp, Impreflion, Colour, or Weight, fufpected to be counterfeit, fuch Perfon may cut, break, or deface fuch Piece or Pieces ; and, thereupon appearing counterfeit, the Tenderer fhall bear the Lofs; but, being of due Weight, and appearing lawful Money, the Perfon that cut it fhall take it for what it was coined for. By 9 and 10 William III. Cap. 23, no Perfon ihall, after the 24th of j'zme, 1698, and before the 24th of 7am, 1699, coin or make, or caufe to be coinedlor made, any Farthings or Half- pence, or Tokens to go for F arthings or Half- pence of Copper, or any other Metal whatfoever, on Pain of forfeiting five Pounds, for every Avoirdupoife Pound Weight of fuch F arthings and Half-pence. By 6 Anne Cap. 3, the Value of foreign Coin in the Briti/b Plantations was calculated by the. MM, as follows, viz. l. s. d. Seville Pieces of Eight, old Plate, 0 6 17 Penny-weights 12 Grains l 4 _. Seville Pieces of Eight, new Plate, 0 M 14. Penny-weights —- — — l ‘ 3 / 1‘ Mexico Pieces of Eight, 17 Penny— O 6 weights 12 Grains -—-—-- -— l 4 Pillar Pieces of Eight, 17 Penny- i0 63 weights 12 Grains ~— —- ' 4 * ' Peru Pieces of old Plate, 1 7 Penny- o . weights 12 Grains, or thereabouts } 4 5 Crofs Dollars, 18 Penny-weights o 4 4% Ducatoons of Flanders, 20 Penny- 10 5 6 Weights 24 Grains —- —- Ecus of France, or Silver Lewis, } o 4 6 x7 Penny-weights 12 Grains —- Crufadoes Beck I. vim, :5 W . mm‘-;-msmmm—W. . has...” me... O Chap. Office of the Ordnance. R. B. Old Officers of this Office. 7. S. Bowyers Of- fice. Chart de Turr. pen. age. lttz'lz'ator B al- lz‘flarum. Caz/eater. Armourer. Keeper of the Tents. XIX. Tower of London. Crufadoes of Portugal, 11 Penny- . Weights 4. Grains 0 2 101; Three Guilder Pieces of Holland, 20 Penny-weights 7 Grains . O __ Old RixDollar of the Empire, 18 Penny-weights IO Grains .— ‘_____ 5'2}. __ __ }o4.i6 The Half-quarters and other Pieces in Pro- portion to their Denomination. ' And light Pieces in Pr0portion to theirWeight. Her Majefi’y by Advice of Council did de- clare, that, after the iii of j‘anaary enfuing the Date, no Seville, Pillar, orMexz'co Pieces of Eight, though of the full Weight of 17 Penny-weights and an Half, fhall be accounted, taken, or paid in any of the faid Plantations above the Rate of 6 5. per Piece, for the Difcharge of any Contract made after the faid 1?: of yanaary. The Halfs, Ofiiee of Ordnance.- Qiarters, and other lefs Pieces of CersSn ltlhe fame Proportions. n a other forei n S ecies of the fa o bafer Alloy fhall ftarigd refgulated accordih: t; their Weight and F inenefs in Proportion to the Rate fet for Pieces of Eight of Seville, Pillar, and Mexico; and no foreign Coin to exceed that Proportion. . i ‘ It was enaéted, That if any Perfon, within any of the faid Plantations, fhould, after the fit of May, 1709, for the Difcharge of any Con- traéts to be thereafter made, account, take, or pay any the Species of foreign Silver Coins, mentioned in the recited Proclamation, at any the fame 109 higher Rate, fuch Perfons fhall fuffer fix Months ' Imprifonment without Bail, and forfeit Io]. " We now go on to another Office kept within the Tower, namely, that of the Ordnance] C H A P. XIX- 0f the Ofiee of the Ordnance hep; within the Tower. The , ' Matters tran/aflea’ here. H I S is an Office of great Account and Importance, it being the f’tanding and grand Magazine for. all the Utenfils, and Infiru- ments, and Weapons of War, , as well by Sea as by Land, for the Defence and Safety of the Kingdom; having the Superintendence, Order- ing, and Difpofing, as well of the grand Maga— zine lodged in the Storehoufe in the Tower, as at Woolwz'eh, Chatham, Port/month, Plymouth, Hall, VVindfor, and elfewhere. In which Places, is Ammunition at all Times, for as many Land and Sea Forces, as may not only defend the Kingdom, but be ferviceable to all our Neigh- bours in League and Friendfhip with us, and formidable to our Enemies] In old Records I meet with feveral Patent— Officers belonging to this Office, which are now either wholly antiquated, or. of little Account. . As, there was an Officer for. keeping and making the Bows, called the Bowyers Ofiee. This was granted by Patent to Rohert Bridford, by King Richard II, in the twenty—fecond Year of his Reign, together with certain HOufes belong- ing to the fame Office. And Edward. the IVth, in the thirteenth Year of his Reign, granted to T homas Ma/hnrgh the Office of keeping, ma- king, and providing Bows in the Tower; grant- ing him a certain Manfion, fituate between the Tower called hVa/cg‘ield Tower, and the Tower called We/l Smilhfield, for exercifing the forefaid Office. _ ' There was alfo another Officer belonging to the Crofs-Bows, who was called, in the Records of the Tower, Attllz'ator Ballz' arnrn. He feemed to be one who provided Harnefs and Accoutre— ments for thofe Bows. King Edward I, in the Phil of his Reign, granted this Office to T. S. And he had, for his Wages, Seven Pence Half- penny per Diem. ' Another Officer was called Galeator, that per- haps provided and took care for the Helmets or Head~pieces. This Place was once granted to Richard Glover, Armig. Anne 5. Hen. IV. There was an Armourer within the Tower. This Office was once enjoyed by [William Snell, granted to him I Richard 11. And f7ohn Fleet was appointed by Edward III, in his twelfth Year, Keeper of his Armour, and likewife of his Jewels, and other Things in the Tower, du- ring Pleafure; with the Fee of 12 d. a Day. There was a Keeper of the Tents. This Place was granted by King Henry VIth, in the nineteenth Year of his Reign, to Richard Lonnd, ’ 3 feveral Oficerr. for Term of Life: And he had a Mefs ,withal granted him, fituate upon the Wharf, near St. Catharine’s Hofpital. Which'Mefs is faid to be- long to the Office, I4. Hen; VI.] ' _ , The principal. Officer, at this Time, is" {tiled the Mailer-general, of the Ordnance, who ought to be a Perfon of great Honour and Integrity. . Subordinate tot‘his reat Officer, unto whom the Management of this Office is committed,iare other principal Officers, ‘vlz. I. The LieuteL nant-General. 2. The Surveyor. 3. The Clerk of the Ordnance. 4.. The Keeper of the Stores. 5.'The Clerk of the Deliveries, 6. The Trea: furer and Paymai’ter. . i All which do hold theirl'Places by Patent un- der the Great Seal of England; and have their Officers now belonging to this Office. R. B. Clerks, for the Management of their refpeétive - Office's. Their Duties are as folloWeth : . ' The Lieutenant—General of the. Ordnance is to receive all. Orders and Warrants from the Mafier, and the other principal Officers, and to fee them duly executed ; and to. make Orders, as the King’s Occafions-fhall require." Alfo, to give Order, for the ‘difcharging the great Ordnance, when required, as upon Coronation-DaysBirthr Days of Kings and Princes,_Fef’tivals, Triumphs, Viétor-ies, and the like. ' .- . He is alfo to fee the Train Dir/Artillery, and all its Equipage fitted ’fdrfMotiOn, upon any Oc— cafion, when it fhall be ordered to be drawn into the Field. " ' ' . .T he Charge of the Surveyor of the Ordnance, is, to furvey all his Majefty’s Ordnance, Stores and Provifions of 'War, in the Cuf’tody of the Store-keeper ,4 which he is to fee rfo dif‘tinguifhed and placed, as fhall be belt for their Prefervation and Safety. He is to allow‘all Bills of Debt, and to keep a Check upon all Labourers and Artificers Work. ‘Alfo to fee, that all Provifions received be good and ferviceable, and duly prov— ed: For which he muf’t take the Alfiftance of the ref’t of the Officers, and the Proof—Mafiers, and be marked with the King’s Mark, if they ought fo to be. ' The Clerk Lieutenant of the Ordnance. Surveyor. of the Ordnance, is, to record all Clerk of the Orders and Inf’truétions, given for the Govern- OHM“?- ‘ ment of the Office -, as likewife all Patents and Grants, and the Names of all Oflicers, Clerks, Artificers, Attendants, Gunners, Labourers, and others, who enjOy the faid Grants, or any other Fees from the King for the fame. He, 15 alfo to draw ‘all Ef’timates forProvifions and Supplies to be made: Likewife all Letters, Inftrué‘tions, Commiflions, \w a» if r ro Storekeeper. . any Stores formerly ifi‘ued, until theyjhavesheen- Tower: of ' London. Commifiions, Deputations, and Centraéts, for his , Ma'eflzy~’s._Service.. Further, -to make all Bills. 0 'Imprel’t, and Debentures; for-the Pay.- ment and Satfifaélion of the refpeélive Artificens end Creditors ”of this Office, for. Wbrk done, or Provifions received 3‘. Alfo anarteraBooks, for the Salaries, w‘Alloiifances and Wages, of all _.fli‘cers, Clerks,,. and others belonginggto. the id Ofiice. He is alfo 'to keep Joumals' and Ledgers of the Receipts and Returns of, his- Majefty’s Stores, to-ferve. as a Checkhetween thevtwo Accom“ rants of the Olfice -, the one for Money, the other for Stores. ,, - , __ j .i he MW of the Store—keeper, is, to take into his Charge and Cufiody all his. Majefty’s Ordnance, Munitions; and; Stores .thereunto. be- longing; and to indent, and putin legal Secu— rity, fbr the life Keeping thereof, and fer making jultand true Account fromTime to. Time. He is to receive no Provil‘fonswhatfoever, that are ma- nifefily unferviceable, .or before they have been furveyed by the Surveyor. He is not to ifi’ue ‘ any 'Pr0portion. 30f Ordnance,.- Munition, o1" Stores, except the fame be agreed upon, and. -figned‘by the Officers, according to' the Appoint- ment of the Mailer ,of the Ordnance, granted Upon-"Order ofqhis Majefiy, or‘ fix of. the Privy Council, or' the Lord'Adn‘iirai, T'for". Matters Concerning the Navy:~ He is not to receive back ; reviewed by the surveyor, and regiftered by the ; Clerk of the Ordnnnre in the Bookzof R‘emnz'm‘. Clerk of the ;' Deliveries. , Deliveries, as the Proportions delivered, thereby; Bufinefs belonging to it Hails to look, that all’his Majefty’siStore-‘houfes bewell" repaired, andiwefl accoinnrodated 5 and that the Stores be kept in firth“ Order, as is 'fit forthe Service and' Honourio'f‘kheKing. " The Duty of the Clerk of the Deliveries, is, to draw all Prbportions or Orders for,Deliveries of any Stores andyProvifions, 'ahd‘to 'feejthe‘m duly executed ; , and by Indenture ' to ‘cha‘rge'the particular Receiver of his Majeficy’s faid Stores, whether Captain, Gunner, or others 5 and to re— gil‘ter as well the Copies of all Warrants for the 'to'difcharge the Store-keeper. Treafurerand fo'The PlaceiofiTreafurer, and Pay—mailer, was 1, “ many an Ap‘ endix to that of the"Lieutenant— ; , , . . . . General :. But‘ ""V)Cbarles II. Ordered, that Ehcs tired and twenty ,Gunners eitabhlheddn Time of Paymafler. Mailer-Gun- Yicl'. of aiGunner. s ; Keeper of the {mall Guns. . .tures,]_r ,, ' L" < ‘rThcr‘e :Ol’ric'e‘of T reafur‘er fhould be no more eXecu't'éd tbé'theLieutenangor'any other Perfon,‘ having 6 ”er Charge or ‘ Employment in the Office of Ordnance :' Since'Which ‘Tirne, ,thae'is a parti. cular Office erected, dif’tinétfrorh ,any of the .aforefaid Offices. ,‘[Thtough this OHiEer’s. Hands 'runsi‘all the hfoneyfor the whole Office of “the 'Ofdnnnce,‘ as well the Salaries, as‘th’e‘ Deben- ‘are i'bthéiiifilbordina'te QifiCers, who like-Wife hold {their} Places by. Patent. fromrhe Km ' : AS, _ ’ "‘ ' ' 1.. I i ‘. . . z: fare" MafleriGTfinher errand, who isle reach and inl‘t'rné’t‘ail ffucvh asf'defir'e to learn the Art of ‘Gunnery‘ig'and to. adminifterjto every Lama an Oathgf‘ob'liging 'lfim‘rnot to'lerve any Rireign PrincerotState, without Leave; Hoff? teach the 'Al'é'bf Gonn‘ery many, but fuch'as havie'caken the'faid‘Oath: And to certify to the Maf’tef'of the,L Grinnnrethe Sufficiency of any, Potion, recommended" to be one of his Maj‘ei’ty’s Gunners, and his Ability to difcharge the Duty 2.7‘The'Keepe1-i" of Lthefl ‘I‘mall: Guns: And he ' bath" the Charge and Cui’tod‘y“ of his .Majefiy’a {mall Guns," as’Mufquets, Haquebuzes, Can nines; and Pii’tols,'with their feveral Furnitures.“ I " There are divers other inferior Attendants and Artificers; as, 'the'Clerks," Fred-mailers, Mel; fengers, M alter-Smith, MafierrCarpenter, Mailer- .3-.. Oficeflf Ordnanéte. Wheelwright, Maiter—Gun-fmith, Mailer-Furbi: lher, BloCkmaker, and fuch-like. -';There is yet a further Superintendency and Jurifdiétion peculiar to the Mailer of theQrd~ . name, over all his Majeity’s Engineers, employ: Engineer's) ed in the leveral Fortifications of this Kingdom; _ molt-of which have their Salaries and .Allow~ V anCes payable in the {aid Office, to which they are all accountable, and fromivhence they re; ceive their, particular Orders and Infiruetions, ac- cording .to'the Direétions and Commands given by his Majeft , and fignified by the Mailer of the Ordnance.]y , . - _ ' The late Officers of the Ordnance were as fol- Late omcm. lows : ' ' Mailer-General of the Ordnance, and Armo- ry for the Body, the molt illuf’trious Duke of Marlborough. Lieutenant-General, 701m Lord Granville. Surveyor-General, Mllz'nm Bridges, Efquire. Clerk of the Ordnance, Cbrl/lopber. Mat/grave, Efquire. _‘ Storekeeper, 762nm Lowtber, Efquire. ' ' ~ Clerk of the Deliveries, yarns: Crnggs, Efquire. Treafurer, Charles Bertie, Efquire. ' Secretary to .'the Mailer-General of the Ord- name, 741m: Crnggs, Efq; as above. , Clerks belonging to the Officers; “ Deputy-Keeper of the Armory, I/Villz'nm Ni- ckolas, Gent. ' . " — .Keeper ofithe fmall Guns, ‘T 120nm: Gardiner, Gent. . ‘ ' l ’ . Principal Engineer, now vacant fince the Death of Sir Martin Becknmn. ' Second Engineer, Col. Holcroft Blond. _ ' Third Engineer, Captain Cbrz'flinn Lilly. ‘ Other Engineers of leITer Efteem. .‘M‘af’ter-Gunner of England, Captain lernn: Silver. , _ He hath three Mates. = ~ '- _ Chief F ire-Malter, Col. yolon Henry Heplze. Proof-Mailers, two; :7an Blnlee and 7052 Allen. Anancient Office, and a great deal of Waggon-‘Mai’te‘r, Cbarle: Ball. , i ‘_ ' Inferior Clerks, and Gunners, many. An him; War: But, in Peace, Half that Number. : Chief Bombardier, Col. Geo. Brown. C Chief Petardier,‘ 7olzn Fawcet. . ‘ . . . Afironomical Obfervator, j’olyn Flam/led. He hath a hundred Peunds yearly paid. him out of thisOPfice. ’ . ‘ C‘ ‘ " Befides all there, there are three other Offices ,very neceilary and important, and, in 'fbrmer Times, fettled and granted, by Patent-,1 though not {0 now, viz-theft: of the Tower Smith, Car— penter, and MafOn: Whereof I have read fome Balfages in. the Records. _ ‘ Pnlnc.Wefimon. (id. Oficlopcrtin. concefl: S. Clam; pard. 24 Hen;'Vl. i. e. The'OHiCe of Mailer; Smith, With. two Mefi‘uages ,u'pon Wlanrfban’: there; whether, that Place were Tower-Wharf, ‘ or lame Place Within the Tower next the Wharflgl cannot tell "-,‘ and . a certain” Parcel of Land With»— “in the Palace of Wrflnzlnfler, belonging tofthe laid Office, granted to S. Clnrnpnrd in the 25th Year of King Henry VI. ' ' King Edward I, in the _ appointed. the Tower—Smith to haVC 4-;d. a Day for his Wages :. And, moreover, in a Schedole hanging to othelPatent, daGnrdz'nnriz’: Regis a}: pit 3d. per Diem}. z'. 6. 3d. aDay more iromthe King’s Gardeners, ,lhall we fay? Or rather the ' King’s W'arders, or Guards, who were com-f monl‘? *‘Book,.I: ,Ofirz’mn Mngz'flrz' Fnlrz', mm dual. Mqfli firper Mailer- ernrflnnrn lbidem,‘ {9’ gnodnm Parcel]. Terr. ‘z'nfr‘d Smith. firl’c Year of his Reign, His Fee. .1 3 new? r&flMMErX¢Wmes=w§—_w_ _ .4 @Eafirca gear; I y $.12.» Chap. Chief Smith, ~ Mafon, and Carpenter of the Tower ; with their Fees. Thefe Offices and Oflicers in new Eli- [£153,753 Reign. A Commif— fion to furvey the Office of the Ordnance. Chart. D. thfmtr. Burgh]. The Sub- fianCe of their Commiflion. iXIX. monly i’tiled Gardeyns, Oflicers belonging to the ' Tower of Lendoh. Tower. . You {hall have the chief Smith, the Mafon, and Carpenter, all in one Patent of King Edward III. Magi/tor Wil. de Ramefey aflignat. Ca? - pital. Cementarias Reg. ihidem, (9’ Capital. Super- ‘vifor o‘mnium Operum Reg. in omnihas Ca/lris Reg. citra Trentam, percipiend. per 'annam imam Ro— ham, {9’ Xij d. per Diem ad Scaccarinm. Et de eod. modo pro Magi/fro Willielmo Hurle, quodfit Ca- pital. Carpentarias, @c. at fapra; 69’ Walt; Le Fevre, Capital. Fahr. IO E. III. i. e. Mr. William depRamefi‘y is appointed chief Mafon of the King there, [at the Tower] and chief Overfeer of all the King’s Works in all his Caftles on this Side 5T rent; taking, yearly, one Robe, and 12d. 21 .Day at the Exchequer. And, after the fame Man- ner, for Mr. hVilliam Harle, that he be chief Carpenter, Ede. as before, and W'alter Le Fevre chief Smith, in the 10th of King Edward III. But, before we pafs hence, it will not be amifs to make fome Obfervation of thefe Offices and Officers, as they Ptood in (amen Elifaheth’s Time, and what Infpeétions were made of them, and Orders given concerning them in that careful Government. About the Year I 584., or, perhaps, fomewhat later, Commiflioners were appointed for the Sur— veying of the Office of the Ordnance. The Com- mifiioners were, Lord Barleigh, Lord Treafurer; the Earl of Warwick, Matter of the Ordnance; Sir Francis Knollyr, Treafurer of the Houfhold; Sir Chri/topher Hatton, Vice-Chamberlain; Sir Walter Mldmay, Chancellor of the Exchequer; Sit Owen Hopton, Lieutenant of the Tower; yohn Hawkins, Treafurer of the Admiralty; William Dodz'ngton and yohn Conyerr, Auditors of the Prefis -, William Burroughs, Clerk of the Ships. The Subi‘tance of their Commiflion was this : Authority was given to them, or to any Three, whereof one of the two Auditors to be one, both to confider of the Remain that was left upon the lait Survey, taken the 17th Day of Fe- hrnary, in the tenth Year of her Majef’cy, as of the Provifions fince that Time made: And, thereupon to confider, how the fame Provifions, 8c. have been delivered and expended, and by what Warrant or Order. Item, T 0 make a .perfeét Survey of all the Ordnance that are remaining in the Charge of the Officers of the Ordnance; and the fame to deliver in Charge to thofe Olhcers to whom the Cufiody thereof belongeth, by fuch Book or Books, as to the faid Commifiioners {hall be thought meet : To the End they may yearly ac count as well for the Store prefently remaining, as hereafter to be provided. Item, Authority is given to any Four of the {aid Commifiioners, whereof the Lord Treafurer ‘to be one, upon fuch Survey taken, to make A1- 1owance and Determination of all Accompts and Charges; which {hall be a good Exonetation and Difcharge for the faid Oflicers, againf’t her Ma- jefiy, her Heirs, is}. Item, To fet down fuch Orders in W'riting, as they ihall think meet, for the better Order— ing of the faid Office; as well for the Receiv- ing and Iii'uing of any Provilions, and for the Abridging of any extraordinary and fuperfluous Charges and Allowances, as to eftablifh any for- mer or new Allowances for her Majefizy’s better Service herein. Item, To caufe fuch Things as have been lent out of the faid Office, by ‘Warrant or otherwile, to be reitored, or Money to be anfwered to the Lieutenant to the Value of the fame; and the fame to be put in Charge with the {aid Officers. Item, To appoint fuch I’erfons as they {hall think meet, to furvey, and take a Note of all Ofilcc of Ordnance. her -Majefty’s Ordnance, 55c. remainin i 1Caftle 0;] Blockhopfe; and the brokenganxd fill}: Vervrcea "e to exc an e or re air, 1' fee Caufe. 1 g p as they ihall Item, Authority is given to any of the {aid Commiflioners, whereof the .Lord Treafurer to be_one, by Bill fubfcribed by their Hand,- to gain Allowance for the Travel and Pains 'of any Perfon ufed in that Service, or any otherwife, touching the Execution of this Commiflion, to be paid by the Lieutenant of the Ordnance: Which Bills,- fo fubfcribed, fhall be allowed him upon his Account. Now let us look back as far as we can upon the firi’c Oflicers, and the Fees then fettled upon them, and what Aflif’tants they then had; In this great Truft the Maiter ’of the Ordnance was the Chief and Head : Who, in Qieen Eli- 1faheth’s Reign, was the high born Amhrofe, Earl of Warwick, a brave and true Nobleman, and Under him Were feveral other ' right valiant. Officers, made by Letters Patents, and their Sat- laries payable out of the Exchequer, w‘z. The Lieutenant of the Ordnance. The firf’t Lieutenant was Sir Chriftopher Morrice, who was made by King Henry VIII, Anna Regni 36. The F ee,then afiigned to this Officer, was 561. I 3 5. 4d. Bromfield was in this Office in the Fifth of Qieen Elifaheth .~ Sir Rohert Conflahle, and Sir William Pelham, Anna I 588. Sir George Carew, Anne 1593- ' Next was the Surveyor of the Ordnance. The firfl: Surveyor was Henry 7ohnfon, conftitu‘ted by King Henry VIII, in the 34th Year of his Reign. His Fee, then afiigned, was 361. 105. at 2 s. by, the Day. Randolph was in this Place Anne Elif. 8. Afterwards 7am Powell. Then l/Villiam Par—i tridge. A , Then is the Clerk of the Ordnance general, fomet-imes {tiled alfo Clerk of the Armoury. This Office is’ ancient. The Fee per Ann. was 121. gs. 4d. that is, 8d. by the Day. hI/illiam Painter was in this firi’t took the Scepter. Anthony Painter and 2701371 111 The firl’t Of‘.’ ficers, and their ancient Fees. Mailer of the Ordnance. Lieutenant. Surveyor. Clerk of film Ordnance. Office when Qpeen Elifaheth’ ' Bagnal enjoyed this afterward in Qieen Elifaheth’s- Reign. And, before them, Mr. Pelham, Anna I 3th of Eli/aheth. The next Officer is the Keeperof the Stores. The firf’t Patent was to one Richard Rowland in the 14th of Eli]: His Fee was 541. I 5s.perflnn. that is, 3 s. by the Day. Before that Time, he had the Room of a Gunner, at 12 d. per Diem. and he did this Service. Hitmp‘hry Bowland was in this Office flnno 1584.. The (Lueen allowed 60001. per Ann. for buying. in Stores. The Keeper of the fmall Guns was the next. The F iri’t that had a Patent for this Ofiice was E. Partridge, in the 2d and 3d of Qgeen Elzfaheth, and, next to him, Nathaniel Partridge, his Sen. And no Ofiice before. -His Fee, by the Year, was 151. 4s. ad. that is, 10d. by the Day. Af- terwards Richard Powel fucceeded in this Office under (been Eli/aheth. Then came the Clerk of the Deliveries. Flem- ing and flnthony, Anna 7 Edward V1,.w‘ere the Firft appointed to this Office -, but not in Patent, till about the I 6th of Elifaheth, when Brian Hogg had a Patent for this Place. The Fee, both under King Edward and (Lueen Elifaheth, was, per fl'nnam, 1.81. 53. at 12d. by the Day. The next that fucceeded in this Place was George Hog,r . So that the Sum Tetal of the Fees of there Officers amounted, yearly, to 2031. 10 s. IOda But, befides thefe firfi and ancient Fees, they had thefe Fees and Allowances moreover granted them by the Qieen, for their Diet, Riding Char es, Boat-hire, Wood, Coals, Ink, APaper, Keeping of Books, W'ages of Clerks, Ear. that is t}? ifay, To Keeper of the Stores. Keeper of the {mall Guns. Clerk of the ~ Deliveries. Other Allow. mess to the Officers.» rTowerJ of London. I I 2. " , l. s. d. To the'_Lieutenant" 72* o 0 To the Surveyor , . , 32' 3 4 To the Clerk of the Ordnance 63 5 0 To the Clerk of the Deliveries . ‘ 18” 5 0 Other inferior * Befides thefe principal Officers, the Maiter of 10ffiéersbe- the Ordnance had his Deputy, in which Place gigglifig’d ferved Thomas Slaarplesr— Hockncll, and Gcoflrcy Tunnel]. The Lieutenant had his Depu- ty, in whichPlace ferved Harman Harrifon and William Horne, and Clerk: The other Officers alfo had their Clerks. The Surveyors Clerks were Henry Walton, 70571 Parry, and fame: Cad- ner, or Codener. Thefe were fuch as were daily attendant upon the Receipts and Iffues of the Office, and for the Keeping. and Engroffing of Books appertaining to the famed Thefe alfo had Allowances, but not in Precedent; which were generally to each Clerk 181. 55. per Arman. In the Year 1584, and the Month of ynnc, The Salaries to be aug- the Officers petitioned for Augmentations of their memed- Salaries, and for the Ef‘cablifhment of the Allow- ances of their Clerks: W h‘ereupon thefe Sums feem to be granted as Additions, ‘vz'z. ' ‘ l. s. d. To the Lieutenant, for his Riding , 6 Charges ' i133 O For his Diet 100 00 0 To Gecfi'cy ‘I'nrvz'l, Deputy to the Maiter of the Ordnance for Rid-g 50 00 'o . ing Charges, ' For Boat-hire 2‘0 00 o For Diet . 70 00 0 To the Surveyor for Diet ‘ 70 oo o For Riding Charges and Boat—hire 2 5 I 3 4 To the Clerk of the Ordnance, for ’ ‘his Riding Charges, Travel in . the" Books, and Accounts of the ' 13 4 Office ‘ For Diet ‘ . 70 oo 0 To the Keeper of the Store, for i , . Riding Charges and Boat-hire } 4‘0 00 o For Diet . 70 oo 0 To the Keeper of the {mall Guns, 6 for his Diet i 3 IO 0 Keeping of Books - 12 03 - 4. To the Clerk of the Deliveries, for _ his Diet } 4,0 0° ° To Harman Harri/Zn, Deputy to i the Lieutenant, for Riding i 40 oo 0 Charges and Boat—hire For Diet _ ‘ ' 36 IO 0 Keeping of Books 1 8 05 0 839 or 8 Tranfamon, Now to take Notice of certain Tranfaétions and Occur- . . and Occurrences happening in, or concerning 23215“ “1th“ this Office of the Ordnance in foine Part of Qieen “e” Elf/anctb’s Reign. ‘ Deceits fllf‘ ‘ The SurVeyor‘ of the Ordnance, the Keeper of covered m the the Stores, and fome others in' Office, .were {ome- 55533:? what tardy in their Doings -, having, upon Occa- gmd ofth’e fion) taken the Liberty to advance their own Keeper of the private Interefts in the O\ueen’s Wrong. But, Stores. ing to that Office, as it feems, privately gave the Lord Treafurer Information by a Letter, difco- vering their Shifts and Devices, in Drawing of I Books and Proportions for their own Gain and Commodity -, overcharging her Majefty with ex- ccffive Prices of Provifions brought into the Store from Time to Time. He informed alfo of a Book Of Debt 'prefently to be exhibited untohis Honour -, wherein they purpofed to demand Al- lowances for fome Things already paid for by the Qleen, as, upon due Ekaminations thereof b about the Year I 591, N. Rainncrd, .one belong- ' , Oficc cf Ordnance. ‘ bythe Officers, generally would appear. A's dit- vers Eruptions for the .Ships were demanded in the fame Book ;; which the Keeper of the Stores would alledge to bedue to him, although her Ma.» (Qiantity of Iron Shot lately brought into the Store; which, in Truth, upon due Examination, would appear to be her Majefiy’s, being an. old the Spaniards beinghere. There was a Bargain 20000 Weight of Match. Of the Copper, there was brought into her Majefiy’s Stores 13000 Pound Weight; and all at 4.1. 13.5. 4d. the Hundred Weight. But indeed the fame. was So the Qieen loft, in every Hundred, 33 s. and 4d. at the leait. This Informer offered, when the Lord Treafurer fhould command him, to draw a Brief of the whole Deceit, he was ready to perform the fame. ‘ In the Year 1 578,‘ there was another DifCOVery of embezzling the Qieen’s Gunpowder andSalt— petre -, which Abufe had been practifed for fome good While before. And one of the Clerks, or otherwife, belonging to the Stores, privately fig- in Danger of his Life, were it known, defiring therefore it might be taken Notice of fome other Way. In Order to which, he fecretly delivered this Paper to the faid Treafurer, which Way the Qieen might find out the Abufes within the Of; fice of the Ordnance, andno Sufpicio‘n growto the Revea’ler of the fame : Which Courfe was ac« cordingly taken by the Lord Treafurer. - Warwick, Mafier of the'Ora’nancc, fent a Gentlee man of his, one Mr. Blinccc, with a Commande ment to all the Gunfounders. in Saflcx, to- repair up to the City on fuch a Day, there to underftand his Pleafure concerning their further Continuance in that Trade. Whereupon appeared Henry Ne, vi], and the reft of that Occupation, meeting at the Houfe of . his Deputy, Mr. Hockcnalg who told them, that, upon Complaint made. to the Lords of the Council of the Abufe of the Tran— fportation of Ordnance into foreign Countries,- their Honours had referred it to the Earl of War-. wick, to take Order for Redrefs of it: Where- upon he thought good to call them together, and had authorifed him, the faid Hockenal, with Blin~ we, to deal with them, and to take fufficient Se~ curity againf‘t the like Abufes for the Time to come. And, becaufe it was thought convenient, that fome Qiantity of Ordnance fhould yearly be made for the necefTary Provifion of our own Na- vigation, they fet down a general Rate yearly, which fhould ferve the whole Realm; and, om: of that, they allotted to every Founder a certain '(Luantity: But, requiring at their Hands, that they fhould enter into Bonds, not to caf’t any greater (luantity than fhould be allotted them; nor to fell any, but in the City; nor to any Mer- chant, but fuch as my Lord or his Deputy fhould name -, with certain other Conditions of taking a Stamp for all Pieces out of the Office, and fome other fmall Points. But that Article of felling to none, but fuch as fhould be appointed, caufed forne Dif’turbance, becaufe they thought it tend- ed rather to fome private Benefit, than public. About the Year I 593, Notice having been be- fore taken of great wantities oflron Ordnance, caft by Founders, and tranfported Abroad by Merchants, certain Perfons, whereof one Dicken- fcn was Chief, went about to obtain of the (been a Patent for the Term of one-and-twenty Years, to have the only Nomination and Appointment of fuch Founders as were to be allowed, and the fole Government and Difpofition of Car'tiréguand ‘ e be mu bought for betwixt 505. and 31. the Hundred, nified it to the Lord Treafurer -, by which he went, ,jef’ty hadalready paid for, the fame. tAlfo a” Remain, returned from the Seas, at the Time of ‘ of 30000 Pound Weightof Copper Plate, and ' The Powder and Saltpetre of the Opeen's Stores em- ' bezzled and difcovered. Afnna 1587, about Mclaaelmar, the Earl of The Mafier 0f the Ord- nance's Or- ders to the Gunfounders; Great anne tity of iron Ordnance cad .. and tram- ported. s*.ermmw~ws~mwamw"mww«v i m: w m—s. .. u A A ‘mfi-y- , s..¢....~.,,,5,. wmiwylflqemrsmcb"‘2‘ " " Chap. TWenty-five- hundred Tons of Iron Ord- nance cafi yearly. XX. Tourer of London. Selling of all OrdnanCe and Shot of Iron ;'~ on Condition to pay her Majef’ty 40 s. for every Ton of Ordnance that fhould be call: and fold within this Realm; and to keep fifty Tons of Ordnance in Readinefs, ever to be fold to her Majefty upon any fudden Occafion; and to give an Account to fold :i And to build new F urnaces, without any Charge to her Majei’ty, when any extraordinary Pieces were to be caii, for the only Ufe of her ' Highnefs, upon any reafonable Warning given. For the Backing of which Suit, they Ihewed, That a Gunfounder had confeifed, that, of late, ‘ he had known 2'500 Tons of Iron Ordnanceto be cai’t in this Realm, 0r upward, in fome one Year, which might prove a Thing both dangerous to ‘ the State, and hurtful unto the Subjects; and The Number of Founders . refirained. Career), Lieu— tenant of the Ordnance, fues forvthe Farm of caf’ting and» tranfporting great Guns. The Keeper of the Records. :7. S. His Deputy. that for thefe two Reafons : Firft, For that, the more Ordnance is caf’t, the reater is the Waite of Woods, Timber and Exvre -, and the'lefs good Iron‘made for the Ufe of the Commonwealth. And, Secondly, For that there is ever fuch an ex— Ceeding Qiantity of Ordnance ready made, and difperfed into many Places, as did allure bad Per— fons, in the Night, to convey the fame by Stealth to the Water—fide, and f0 into foreign Countries : Where there was uttered three Times as much Ordnance as Was occupied here by the Englzflv Subjects : And that, heretofore, with-out Licence or Payment of Cultom. And thefe Diforders chiefly grew by the Wil— fulnefs. and overgrown Numbers of Founders: Who, notwithfitanding, had ‘often been exprefly forbidden to calf any Guns by the Matter of the Ordnance, and by the Lords of the Privy-Coun- cil, in the Name of her Majefty, And, for Ob- fervation thereof, have been enforced to enter in~ to Bonds; and yet, to this Day, no Means hath been foundrfuflicient to rule or refirain them. . For which Caufe, the late Maf’ter of the Ord— nance, and the other Officers there, thought it belt to abridge the Number of the Founders; and, by Licence from her Majefty, to eflzablifh fome few of the meeteft of that Company to con- tinue thofe Services, under and by fomc necefl‘ary Orders and Penalties. By which Means there ihould be no more Ordnance caft than were need- ful, nor any tranfported without Intelligence, for full Licence and Payment of Cuftom. _ Here, Sir George Carew, the prefent Lieutenant of the Ordnance, flnno I 593, interpofed in BC.- Ofice if c/j‘e Records. . half of himfelf, as to whom of Right this Matter» chiefly belonged ; and that as well theCai’t‘ing of Guns, as the Tranfportation of them, which the .Qieen had granted under the Great Seal to cer: . train Farrpers, was, in Time paft, ex Oficio, in the . . ; ower o .theMafter of the Ordnance or of th the Lieutenant of the Ordnance, every fix Months, ‘ i , e . :Lieutenant; : and th e ‘ 4 . , of all the feveral Guns that ihould be call: and ' a no longer fince than when Sir: Robert Conflael'e lived: Whereby, in ionic Sort, he held himfelf more interel’ted in this, Caufe than a mere Stranger: And, in that- Refpect, had good Hope the (lueen would ade- mit him to be her F armer‘before‘ any Man elfe. And, the rather, for that herein {he fhould ad- vance her Benefit in a Thing which hitherto had been wholly unprofitable to her. it; Near about this Time, the Qieen granted to A Patent to Patent, by her Prerogative, to haVe-Power and-t r7a/2n Powel, Efq; Surveyor of the Ordnance, a the Survey" 0 dig any where for Authority to dig, open, and work for Saltpetre, Salepeug, in, or upon, any the Ground or Grounds within the Realms of England or Ireland, wherein the faid Saltpetre, without. Fraud or Covin, fhould be thought to be found : And the fame to try out— and make into Powder, as well within her own Grounds, Lands, and Poifeiiions, as of any of her Subjects. So as the faid Surveyor, or his Deputy, did reafonably agree, accord, and- fatif4 fy the Parties according to the Law; and with the Owner of any fuch Stuff, or Neceifaries, as. might fortune to be taken for the Ufe of the faid Works. ' - " In the Year 1595, William Partnerick, Efq; The Surveyor Surveyor of the Ordnance, was appointed to ride unto all the Forts, Caf’tles, and Places of De-' fence within the Cinqae Ports, and their Members '3 as well to view and furvey what Want of ,Ord& nance, Powder, Shot, and other Munition of ‘ War was in every of them»; and alfo' to fee the Decays of their fevera‘l Platforms, within every of the faid Places of Defence : To the Intent fura ther Order might be taken, as well for the Red pairing andArnending thereof, as for the neceil fary Supplies of fuch other Furniture there need« ful. He was alfo to take Order for the fending up from Dover, to the Tower, thofe Pieces of Brafs that were broken, and to deliver certain Powder remaining at Canterbury, left there fince the Year 1588.] V The prefent Officers of the Ordnance follows : Manor-General, Lieutenant—General, Sir _‘70‘lan Ligonz'er. Surveyor-General, C. Frederick, Efquire. are 3:5 CHAP. XX. Ofices of Keeping the Records in the Tower ; of die Regalia; and of t/ye Lions, and other Wild Bea/Zr and Creatures tnere. 0f the HE Keepers of the Record: have ufually T been fuch as have been {killed in the Law, and findious of Antiquity, and addicted to the Perufal of ancient Records and Ini’truments; and, withal, Perfons of great Faithfulnefs, fuch an important T reafure as thefe Writs and Muni- ments being committed to their Trui’t. He that hath the Cuf‘lody of thefe Records, is nominated and appointed thereto by the Sovereign King or Queen, who granteth a Vv’arrant to the Matter of'the Rel/s to admit and fwcar him 5 and he is confirmed by Royal letters Patents. His Salary is 5001. a Year. He hath a Deputy, who al- w ys attends at the Ofiice, belidcs feveral Clerk's, as Occafion ferves, under him. Before the tak— ing away of the Courts of Wards and Liveries, ofRequcfts, Eric. it was an Office of confiderable 4 Profit; but afterward, and, at ‘prefent, the Bene‘ fit arifeth not to much. . The Records are repofited in two Places chief- ly, viz. in the Office, and in the Chapel, com~ monly called 7alz'ar Cafar’s Chapel in the I/l/nn‘e Tower. ,The Place where the Ofiice is kept, 15 called Waleefield’s~Totoer, which joins to the Bloody—Tower, near Trader’s-Gale. This hath been lately repaired and beautifiedby Qieen dnne, the Charges whereof is reported to amount to 20001. The Entrance into it is now very grace-a ful and clean, through a {mall Yard paved With Free-Prone, and againit‘t the Stone-walls are plant- ed Phillereys -, the Stairs and Stair~ca1e mend— ed and whited,‘ and made much more commo~ dious and lightfome. The Windows, whichbe~ fore were but {mall and darkfome, are now . famed, appointed to review the Forts and Caliles of the Cingne Perth Place where they are kt??? I/I’al'ejl- [a 's ., Tower. a 114 Records in the White Tower. Tower of London. Ofliee of the Records. fafhed, and do let in much more Light, fo re— quifite for the Infpeétion of thofe obfolete, and, fometimes, obfcure Writings.- The Rooms, which are Three in Number, one above another, befides the large round Room where the Rolls lie, are all beautifully wainfcotted and pannelled with right Wainfcot. This Wainfcot-work is framed into Prelfes round each Room; within which are Shelves and Repofitories for the Re ception of Records, as they fhall be fent hither from Time to Time. - , In thisOflice, efpecially in the round Room, partly in Prefies in the Middle of it, and partly againfi: the Walls, are difpofed, in good Order, great Numbers of Rolls. There was lately de- iéted upon the Outfide of every Prefs what Rolls they contained, ranked under each King’s ' Reign: But now, fince the admirable Reparation of this Place, each Year of every King’s Reign is infcribed within the Preffes ; according to which is the Placing of the Rolls, whereby eafier prplication is made. to any Roll thatisfought or. Val’t Qlantities of other Records lie in the Chapel of the White Tower, confufedly in Heaps. But, by fpecial Command from above, feveral Hands have been employed for divers Years in turning them over, ‘fearching, viewing, and di- gei’ting them, and putting them in proper Place and Order for Ufe. For which Purpofe, Preifes, Boxes, Shelves, and Receptacles are made in the faid ‘_ Chapel for them. They confii’t chiefly of . Bills and Anfwers, and Depofitions in Chancery. Mr. Prz‘rm’s Pains. Popes Bulls. The Records there retriev- ed from Ruin, and metho~ difed. Biihop of Carli/le’s Ac- count there- of. But there are alfo many original Letters of the Kings of this Realm, and Privy Seals found and brought intothe Office, and laid up carefully there in their proper Places. Herc Mr. Primz, fometime Keeper of the Re- cords, had gathered out of huge Heaps, covered with Dull: and Cobwebs, Popes Bulls, Parlia- ment Writs and Returns, and Letters, which he printed; but took lefs Care to fort and digef’t them, and leave them in Order for the Ufe of others. , , Popes Bulls hereduced to Order, being in all 165, beginning at the Year 12 5,6, to the Year i406. Where are Bulls of fllexander IV, Alex- ander V, 53:. unto the Bulls of Gregory'XII. ._ But h0w the aforefaid mofi: worthy and ufeful Defign firi’t took Place, and what Progrefs, by this Time, is made therein, doth-juf’cly here re— quire fom‘e Account to be given. Charles Lord Halifax was the Firi’t that moved this good Work: Whofe Care for retrieving our ancient Hiftories, and tranfaéling this prefent'Aifair, the Right Re- verend the Bifhop of Carli/le, now of London- derry, hath taken Notice of in his Epifile Dedi-. catory to the fame Lord, before his Englth Hif- torical Lihrary, rviz. ‘ That, foon after her Ma- ‘ jefty Qleen flnne’s Acceflion to the Throne, ‘ he obferving the‘deplorable Cc‘mdit’ion of our ‘ Public Records, and how they wanted a fpeedy Care and Looking to, many whereof, through the fupine and continued Negligence of ‘Tfome I of the former refpective Keepers thereof, were in'confufed and ufelefs State, and many others expofed to the lafi: Injuries of Weather; moved the-Matter to the Houfe of Lords : Who‘forth4 with appointed a Committee, , wherein his Lordfhip prefided, to infpeét thefe Grievances, and to report their Opinions, in what Manner they might be moi’t effectually redrefl'ed. That to this Committee, frequently revived, and for feveral Years under the Direé‘cion of the fame Prefident, we owe the Safety, and now regular Difpofition of thefe venerable'Remains, jui‘tly reckoned to excel, in Age and Beauty, whate- ver the choicefl: Archives AbrOad can produce of the like Sort.’ 2 0 P 0 h l‘ h I h 0 0‘ .0 V‘ 0 0‘ I I ing the faid Records the faid Right Reverend Author hath-preferved the more particular Know— ledge thereof to Pofterity -, relating, That, in the Year 1703, their Lordlhips appointed a Com» 4 mittee to infpeét the Methods in keeping Records » in Offices, and how they were kept -, and to con- fider of Ways to remedy what fhould be found arm-ifs. For which Purpofe, the Lords Commit: ztees were impowered to fend for fuch Officers, _ and hear fuch Perfons thereupon, as they ihould think fit; being afterwards to report their Opi-' nions to the Houfe. This Committee was yearly renewed in feveral Seflions of Parliament:;"as, Deeemher 15, 1705, 70272114731 , 1706, (do. And the Lord Halifax,- then Lord in the Chair, duly this TruPt. The "firft of thefe Reports fet forth, That a great Number of Rolls in the Tower had no Calendars or Abflraéts made of them, viz. Roruli Normanaiee, Promise, Vafeoaize, lVallia’, Roma, Scotiee, fllemahniae, {9° Hiherniz. That the making of thefe Calendars would require a care-' ful Perufal of all the Entries upon thefe Rolls, by the Clerks that are employed therein. T hat the Committee were humbly of Opinion, that it would be a public Service to have this done.- That, in Cafar’s Chapel, under the Leads in the White Tower, Multitudes of Records, in {eyeral Reigns, fome relating to State Matters, and o- thers to Proceedings in Courts of Juftice, were laid in confufed Heaps, and that, if Care were not fpeedily taken of them, would be in great Danger of utter Perifhing. That it would be a public Damage, as well as Difhonour, to the Kingdom, to fuffer fuch Monuments of Antiqui- ty to be lof’t. That the Preferving of them would be too great Work‘to be undertaken by the Keep- er of the Records, unlefs there were Allowances“ made to him for a fuflicient Number of Clerks, who underflood the Languages and Hands where- in the Records were written, and were capable of making Abfiraéts of them, under the Care and Direétion of that Officer. Further, That it did appear by the Writs, De Calendariis faeiendir, De Rotulir {9° Seri-ptir in ratio ordine ponemlis, is“ Experzfls Cleriei-r miniflramlis, that thefe Allowances had been anciently made to Clerks attending the Office of Records within the Tower. And, lafiz- ly, That, if thefe Records were made clean, and reduced into Order, the fame might be placed in the Room where the prefent Office is kept, at a fmall Expence. v ~ This was the Subftance of the Reports. Here- upon it was immediately ordered, March 30, 1704, That the Lord Treafurer fhould lay the faid Report before her Majef’ty, humbly moving her to give Direétions thereon. .The next'Seflion the Lord Treafurer gave the Houfe an Account, That her Majei’ty had fign- ed a Warrant, direéted to Sir Chrijlopher Wren, Knight, Surveyor-General of the Works; William Lowna’es, Efq; 70h” Ari/fir, Efq; I/Villiam Petyt, Efq', Peter Le New, Efq; and l/I/illiam Grymer, Gent. requiring them, or any Three of them, to repair to the Tower of London, and there to View. and infpeét Ceefar’s Chapel, and examine how and in what Manner the Records there might be preferved; as alfo'the Place where the prefent Of- « fice is kept in the faid Tower, and what Works ‘ were nece‘ffary for the Receiving, Placing, and Digef’ting of the faid Records. Thefe Commill fioners went accordingly, and made their Report : Upon which the Lord Treafurer ordered 1501. for providing PrelTes, Drawers, and Shelves, for the Records in Gefar’s Chapel [for the Office was mo fcanty to hold them :] And for the De- molifhing a Room, which, having been lately on Fire, was thought to be dangerous; And Wil— 12am reported the Progrefs made in the Execution of Book I ., But the Orders iOrvt’he Digefiing and Preferv- The Order taken for Digel’ting and l’referving them. The Queen’s Order. Chap. Clerks ap. pointed. _ Account of ‘ the Rolls. Chapel of the Rolls. What the Re- V ‘_ fons and Places. XX. Tower of London. diam .Petyt, Efq; [Keeper of the-Records] was'ap; pointed to fupervife the Digelting, 3c. of the Records, with Power to take in three Clerks for that Service, at I 501. per flnnlcm, from [Michael- mas 1 704., over and above a chief Clerk at 1091. who was Mr. ‘ George Holmes, [now Deputy—Re- corder.] . The Lords Cemmittees centinued their Care, for fome Winters following, in the Progrefs of this Affair: And, after occafional Enquiries in about five Sellions, the forenamed noble Lord reported, viz. April 20, I709, that a great Pro- grefs was made in'this Affair: That the confufed Heap, which lay before covered with Duf’t, was now thoroughly cleanfed, and put into Chefts, Baikets, and Shelves, in order to be forted. "That the Rolls, from the firlt Year of King 701m to the hit of Edward IV, and the Efcheat Bundles, from Henry III. to Richard III, were placed under their proper Years, and a Cata- logue made of them. That Abf’traé‘ts were made of the Norman, Scotch, -Wel/b, and Iri/IJ Rolls, with alphabetical Indexes of the Names of Per- That Depofitions in Chancery, of the Reign of ween Elifaoetla, and down— wards, were bundled up alphabetically. That c-feveral Things I’till remained to be done, for put- gting all in right Order : As Abf’traéts of fome fo- reign Rolls, Patent Rolls, Clofe Rolls, Cloa'rtee 'fltfliqna', €9’c. That the Clerks were Frill em— aplloy‘ed in this Work; and, when finifhed, the ecords Would be in very exaét and good Order. That the Shelves and Prelfes were f0 well made, and the Office fitted up in fuch Manner, that the Records were very dry. And, lal’tly, Thatthere was Room made for a greatNumber of other .Records, which ,might beotranfmitted hither -, ,as fince there hath been from the Rolls. Thefe Clerks are {’till, to this Year 1718, very diligently at Work daily in Cafar’s Chapel, and like fo to. be, the Records are f0. numerous. The Records, that lie in the Office, do begin in the firfi; Year of King 701m: For, before that Time, there were no Rolls, but only Charm/Yn— tiqna, i. e. Ancient Charters or Tranfcripts, made and done, a few before, the reft fince the Con- quef’t, until the Beginning of the faid King 701m. Then follow the Rolls of his Son, King Henry :III, where the firft Inquifitions pofl Mortem be- in. Then the Rolls of King Edward I, King Edward II, King Edward III. Of King Rickard 11, King Henry IV, King Henry V, King Henry VI, King Edward IV: But the Rolls of King Richard III. are kept in the Chapel of the Rolls in Chancery-Lane: Where are alfo the Rolls of «the fucceeding‘ Kings. And, as the faid Chapel of the Rolls, and the ,QP-etty Bag Office, do fill with Records out of other Offices, they have been, and {till ought to be, tranfmitted into the Tower after fome Years. And there is, at this Time, a fpecial Order in , and, to be had from the Crown, for the. bring— ing the Records that lie in the Chapel of the Rolls, or elfewhere, into the Tower; there being now very'capacious and convenient Places made for their Reception. Thefe Records in the Tower, among other cordscomai'n' Things, contain the Foundations of Abbies, Mr. Rymtr’s Pains. and other Religious Houfes: And thofe, of later Date, in the Chapel of the Rolls, Diflblutionof them, and alfo the Donation of the Lands belonging to them, whereof many F ami- zliesare now poflefi‘ed. LThefe Records confilt .alfo of Leagues of fo- reign Princes, and Treaties with them : Where- ~of feveral Volumes havo been, of late, tranfcrib- ed and printed, by the Pains of _ late mleen’s Hiltoriographer: All the Archieve— ments of this Nation in France,yand other {0- the Interelt: of the Ifles of Man, and of. contain the? Mr. Rymer, the Ofifee‘oftlre Records; reign Parts; the Ori inal‘s of-a’llt ' ‘ . have beenenaé‘ted, 0% recorded, uhhtgelnhtwligfii of Rte/yard III; theHomageand DWehdmRyn of Scotland upon England; the ‘Eftablifiiment of Ireland, audits Laws and Dominions.; theDo- jminion of the Brita}: Seas, totally excluding boo}; French and.- .Dntc/a from F ilhing therein, without Licenfe from England, proved by. feaeraler‘ié- fcriptions, and Records before the Con ‘ . I -‘ or Guerttfl’ys Sara, and Alderngy, being the 0].. g: malmng Parts of the Norman Porn 05,155, id .this Crown of England -, theTitle :the Realm of Francegand by what .Means.. obtained ;? and all that the Kings or Princes of this . Realm, to the Time aforefaid, have dOne Abroad, or grant: .ed and con-firmed unto their Subjeé‘tsat Home or Abroad; Tenures of all the Lands in Eng- land ; Extents, or Surveys of Manors or Land's} Inquifitions pojl Mortem, of .great UfeuponTria als of - Intereft or .Defcent; Liberties and Privip leges granted to Cities and Towns Corporate, fit to private Men, as Court-Leets, Wailfs, Ed ,l’trays, .Markets, Fairs, Free Warrem-i-Felons Goods, or what elfe could come to. the Crown, .or pafs out of it; feveral Writs, Readings and Proceedings, as well in Chancery, as in all‘ the Courts of Common Law and Excbegaer‘;.1nfi>ea‘ .z'mns’s, and Enrollmentsof Charters and-I"Deeds, ,made and done before the Conquelt, Deeds'anli Contracts, between Party and Party, and thejhllt El’tablifhment of all the Offices in the \Natiert; the Metes andBounds of. all the F oreits in E . land, with the feveral refpeétive Rights" of t e Inhabitantstherein toC-or'nmon of Failure, {19°C. .befides many other Privileges and Evidences. " Thefe are the Contehts'of the Remotes Dr. Chamberlain hath fummedthern up in his ;Prcfi’nt State of England, to our Hand: Which, Iprefume, fo exact a ‘iMan- had received from fome Clerk of that Office well Verfed- therein. .But, readily to find out any-particular -:Matters fought for in thefe Rolls, exaét Calendars d: Repertories are very necefl'ary: And the-{e alfo are, or have been, in the faid Office, asfis men‘ rants. Dr. 0502””- loin's Paint .tioned in an old Book, called, The Repertory of Repertory of Record: :. Wherein is contained and éomprIZ‘ed Remdso whatfoever may'give Satisfaction to‘ the Searcher for Tenures or Titles, wiz. ' ' There is one Calendar, called, reggae-4:3,: Calendarsof Names, made by Way of , Alphabet, containing chefcRccords. "the Names of all Men, whofe Clfices orr‘Inqhifi- 110115, taken after their Deaths, are there “to'he found: In which you may fee What Lands, any fuch died tfeize'd of, with the Tenure of - the fame: And, in many of them,-~the'laft'Wills'jand Tefiaments of fuch Perfons recited in the fame ; which Wills, fometimes, are not to be found ,clfewhere. . , . _, ,- :2 Item, Divers Calendars of Efeheator's Bundles : As one of .eaCh of thefeKings, 2222. Henry 111, Edward I, Edward II, Edtoard III,» Reamer; One of Henry IV. and Henry V: And, “'laftl‘y, one of Edward IV. a '- ' j ‘ Item, The Book of .Heirt‘ of Henry Hld’s Time; containing the Names of- fuch Perfmsfa’s had Offices found at that Time," declaring Who were their ’Heirs, and their Age; Vahd; fome‘ times, mentioning their Wives, with the ColinL ties wherein-they had any Lands. L _ , ' . Item, The like feveral Becks, feverally and refpeétivzely made up, of the Times of Edward I, II, and III», and of! Richard II, Henry;IV, and HenryV. _ ‘ ‘ ' . ' ' , , Item, A little Calendar, by Way of Alphabet, containing fuch Manors and Lands as werejfound in any of the aforefaid Offices or Inquifitions, in the County of Ej/Tex, bur not perfeét. ' ' " ' Item, The like Book oftheCcuntwa litn‘ Ge coin. \ ' 317.116 ToWer bf: London. 0.17952 of tde Records. ‘ rain: The like Books of the Counties of Bedford, .1Berkir, and Bucking/yarn.- And one great Book ‘ -for the Counties of Semerfet, Dorfet, Devon, and Cornwall: But not by Way of Alphabet. “Item, A Calendar and Colleétion out of the iold Rolls, called Cbarta Antigua, without Date Item, A like Calendar of the Rolls of King 1701»: , and another of King Henry“ III, Unto the 11th of his Reign. .1 Item;eA Calendar and Collection ofiall Grants offlnheritance, granted by any of our Kings be- 3:033. Eirlrard. III, and as ancient as there are any 1 Records here. This, with the like,‘ was tranf- . ;n1itted hither out of the Chancery. - Item, Certain Rolls of Edward I, for his whole Reign. z. ~- Item, TWO Books, or Calendais, of free War— .rens, Markets, F airs, Leets, and other Liberties, gathered out of the Charter-Roll of the Time of .Edward I, and during his whole Reign. Item, An old Calendar of Charters of Corpo- rations, and other Liberties granted, of Cities, . Boroughs, Abbies, Colleges, and Cathedral- Churches, during the {aid King Edward’s Reign. It_em, A Calendar or Collection of the Parlia- ment Rolls of Attainders, Rei’titutions, Refump- tions, from the 29111 of Henry III. till the End ;‘ _of his Reign. . . I Item, Certain Paper Rolls for Confirmations of Charters, and Liberties of Colleges, Corpora- . tions, and Religious Houfes: Lands to be given in Mortmain, from the firi’t of -EdwardI. till the lai‘ciof Edward IV. Done by -' Way of Alphabeth Item, One Book of Confirmations of Charters of Liberties of Colleges, Corporations, and Re— Tligious Houfes -, and for Licenfes of Lands to be given in- Mortmain, as aforefaid: Colleéted out of the Patent and clofe Rolls of all the Time of Edward II. :except two or three of the ~ lafl: Years. Item, Certain {mall Bundles of loofe Papers, of like Nature, by Way of Alphabet, of fundry Kings Times, confufedly laid together. , Item, A Collection of the Patent Rolls gather- ed of all Prefentations made by the King to I : any Church, Prebendary, or Chapel, as well in Particular Rolls. A Common— Prayer- Book among the » Records. (the, Right of the Crown, as in Right of' any other , the fame being for that Time in the . . nHands of the King3 fiom the Firl’t of Edward; .- II. till the Midfl: of the: Reign of Edward III. ere are alfo two Books, the one of the Tax- iation of all the Spiritual Livings in England, the . other bf the Temporalities. ,. - Item,The ancient Perambu-lations of theForeIté 8.01m Parliament Bui‘ineiIes. Eda. Some Foreign Bufine‘fl‘es, as Treaties, 6971'. Here are, among the rel’t,:. theie particular Rolls- ; w'z. Compntm totin: Reventz'om': Printipz'r Walltre- , 2'. e. An Account of the; whble Revenue} . 9f: the Prince of Wales, in the Time of Edward the 11111. A Vifitation. or the Hofpital of Beth-L- In». #11720 4 Herr} IV Another d1 Snperierz'tatei Mdrzs Anglia, Anna 26. Edward I Franchifcs‘; , of Landan confirmed by Parliament in the Timei of Edward III. Roll I 5 The Procefs of the Court Military, in the Caufe of A1ms between * ‘ xtbeqner, or her learned Council at Law, or' Retard Le Scrqape, Knight, the Time of Ric/yard II . Thefe, with divers Records of Statutes 1n the; Beginning of Edward I, and lo reaching to Ed—7 ward IV, do now, or did fometime lie in the? Hole on the left Side of the Study. 3 Among the Printed Books belonging to thisi Office of Rererdr, is‘ a 300k of Common— Prayer3 .iunder, the .Great Seal was printed, and authorized to be ufed in the Church of England, upon King Charles the 11’ s Coming in. To which are let the Names of feve- and Grbfoenbr, inIi And for Licenfes of ; Which was that which-ii ~ 9 i onfilfi'nn'flfiflonhnn..aaan 'ral D1V1nes of that firIl Convocation, to ".l ich Rec'OUrfe might be had, as the authentic C0111— ~inon~Prayer then eitablifhed. 'rude Heaps of the White Tawer, and broucht 1n thither, are as followeth: Rolls. In the Reign of . , King 7019'” ------ , - - . as . King Henry III. - - -, ~ - - - 305..- King Edward I. — — - - L - - 247. . King Edward II. ------ 157 I: King Edward III. - - - — 575 . "’ King Rzebard II. - --. - - 210 . King Henry IV. - - - 1- _ 126 King Henry V. - —' '- '- J" 93 ‘7 King Henry VI. - - -. -- ~ 285 King Edward IV. - - --, - 1 50 Thefe Englrflr RecOrds, preferved here, were * for fome Time accompanied with the T 1eafu1e of thofe of Scotland. For Oliver Cromwell, after he had beaten the Seat: in their own Nation, feized all the Public Regif’ters, Records, and R01 115 of that Kingdom, and fent them up to the Tower: Where they lay for fome Years, till King Charles’ s Reitoration. And Pity it was they continued—not there longer, fince, being fent back by that King’s Order, to be laid up in the Cattle 0t Edin- ;-burgla, they molt unhappiiy perilhed, together with the Ship that carried them, being calf3 away inear the Hal} Manet. This Office is kept open, and Attendance conl’tantly given here, from the H0111 of seven ;' 0 ’Clock to One, every Day in the Week, except in the Months of December, 7anuary, and Febrit} :ary , and 1n them, from Eight ti’ll One: Saving on Sundays, Holidays, Public F afiing and Thank?— .giving' Days, and Times of great Peftilence. The Chief Officer, or Keeper of thefe Retordi, now, is Rzelrard Topbam, Efq; who fucceeded :W'z'lliam Petyt, of the Inner Temple, Efq; and 'fometime Treafurer there. Who, as he was a very learned Antiquary himfelf, to he encouraged and aifil’ted others itudious of Antiquity. And I —met gratefully here remember, that he freely allowed me Accefs to thefe Records. His Clerk, 'and. Deputy in this Office, was Mr George Helmet, vrny veryg Good Friend, and Very alfiftant to me in this Work, as well as in otheis , communica- ting to me divers Records for myPurpoie:A11‘d is now alfo Deputy to Mr. T apbam . V ~ The good Orders made for this Office, Whei'é— of there was :a Table hanging Up, were,‘ The: .‘ the Deputy. and Clerks thuld duly and dili- ‘gently attend in the Crime, during the Times m.” ‘ alorefaid , and give their belt Attendance and ‘ Expedition, to all Perions reforting thither 1n. ". their Searches, in copying and examining Rel cords. That' they lhould not procure or Dl‘uifer {any Books, Writs, Ro‘lls, Memorandums, or ~:R~ecords to be embezzled, fallified, corrupted, razed, blotted, min, or defaced; not carry, .01 caiife any of them to be carried out of the Office, unlefs by fpecial Order of the (been, or Lord Chancellor, or Mai‘ter of the Rolls", or of her Majei’cy s Judges, Barons of her Ex: 1‘ 'ibme other great Officers of State, for her Majeity’ 5 service upon fpecial Occaiions Sp‘e icial Entry to‘. be made, 1n: a Book €01 that Pug; pofe, of any particular Book, Writ, Roll,’ Record fent out; of the Peifo‘n that {out for ,Day of the NIonth when caixied out, and 'when réturned: To be fubfcribcd by the Clerk who carried and: returned it; and to be brought back without Delay, when done with Ever; ‘ Book, Writ, Roll; {it removed out (1135.1. its ‘( 511's: 'it, and that carried it but of. the Office ,.the » Book I; The Sum Total of all the Rolls now in the Numbero : Office, reckoning lately feveral refeued born the the 71.)“) 5 “1 {BC 0'2; '6" G. Helmet. 8: fro .lRecords brought to the ‘Imuer. Attendance given at this Office. The Keeper of the Recordr, 1720. Vz'lliam Envy, Eli! Orders 0:" this Office. Chap. :XX; ' 9 Clafs, or Place, -'- by realbnrof any Search; 5 Examination, or Tranicript,.to be returned ‘. to its proper Place immediately after made Life 5 of. That, if any Memorana or Schedule be un- - f Ptitched or tornotl’, to be new flitched, or ‘ faltened again by the Clerk. All Books, Bun- ‘ dles of Writs, Rolls and Records, to be dili- f gently inlpefted once every (El-alter of the ‘ Year, to fee if any be milling or mifplaced. ‘ No Perfon to be fufl’ered to ripple, or take To- .‘ bacco in the Oflice. No Fee to be taken from ? any Peribn for a Search, who through Igno— , rance defires to fearch any Book or Record not f kept in the Office. No Fee for Searches, Co- ‘ pies, or Examinations of Records, other than ‘3 theancientFees of the Orifice. ~A particular ‘ Entry to be duly made of all Searches, C0- ? pies, and Examinations of Records, and of ‘ Fees taken for the fame. No clandei’tine ‘ Searches, and Examinations, and Copies to ‘ be made, concealed, or not entered by the De— ‘ puty, or. any Clerk. No Perfon to perufe any .‘ Record in private, but only publickly in the ‘ Office. The full Comer to be firlt ferved, and .‘ difpatched without Delay, or Preference given to ‘ another that comes after. - The Rooms in the f‘OHiCC‘tO be kept clean, and {wept once or f more every Week; and the ‘Writs. and Re: ‘ cords therein preferved from Cobwebs, Dull, ‘ Filth, and 'Putrefaétion, and the outward ‘ C :c k 2 ‘ d C z F ‘ 6 Doors duly locked every Night, for thesPre- .fewation of the__Records. The Deputy and Clerksto fpend- their vacant Time in the Of- . fice, in making exact Calendars and Tables to thegRecords-fbr. public Good; and in re- ducing the loofe Records in the Office and Wloioe'Tower Chapel, that are ufeful, into Or- .der and Bundles, as the Mailer of the Office (hall direct them. Every Deputy and Clerk of the Office, before .his Admiflion, volunta- rily to make and fublcribe fuch an Oath, b'e— . fore the Mailer of the Office, 'as is fuitable to , his Truft.’ ,;, ._ y Mr. Top/9am, was, fucceeded by David Pol/Jill, Th relent 4 { Kegpgrofthe Efq, and Mr. Polbill, by PVilliam;Hay, Efq; the Rmr‘l“ prefentheeper of the Records, whole Salary is ._ ”6501.3 for himfelf and Clerks: His .Deputy is 7 Mr. Howclter, IQOl. per Annam. . , . Kills Edward We' {hall now take fome Review of this Oflice II'I-lfpeaksof of the Records, kept'in the Tower, with refpeét this. Office as to the Antiquity thereof. . . , ancrcnt. - , _ There is an ancient Record, of 34 Edward III, wherein Mention is made ”by the. faid King Edward III, de' qaadam Domo infra Tarrimvfaam . London, in quaRotalos‘E-i’ alia memoranda :Can- . cellaria, tam de' tempers Progenitoram noflroram, gaondam Regam-Angliae, qadm no/lro, pro falt'a {9° fecara Caflodia Rotaloram, {9’ Memorand. pradifio— ram, re'poni fecimns: ._z'.'e. “ Of a'certain Houfe fiwithin his Tower of London,” wherein he ‘.“ caufed to be laid up the Rolls, and other me- morable Matters of the Cloancery, as well from the Time ofhis Progenitors, heretofore Kings of England, as .in his own, for the fafe and fecure'Cui’tody of the faid Rolls and _memo-, rable Things.” ,_ . , ', King Edward, in that Record, umentioned Rolls ’repofited in the Tower in the Time of, his Predeceflbrs. We can go as far back as Edward I. In the thirty-third Year of whofejReign is a Roll; having thefe Words: Scrateniar Rota/i do Scotia, one fan! in Caflodia apad Tarrim London. Which Mr. Holmes fhewcd me. The mace ' The Place then where thefe Records were kept, whercthe Ree was, a Peertain Houfe ; which Houfe was after- ‘mdsamieh? wards called a Tower; that undoubtedly now {film kept is called-,W’alaield’s‘Tower. ' - . or it u it 9'" it 39, Eel-w. I. flnno [304. .7a Tower of London. Oficé of. ‘ifi‘e Records; l . of .the Recordsof the Tower : For there is a no ,» - In the Retord above fpecifiéd,’,it is {aid to be in aCCrtain,Houfe; ‘ . » I l . In another-Record of King Henry VI, Mention is made of a little Houfe: Johannes! Malpas lad—gainer} it lair Oficiam Ca/lodis Armature infra .Tarrim Lon; Hm VL don. andcnm‘ ana. paroa Domo tanc'x‘vacanl. infra dzfiam Tarrim, jaxta Tarrim infra qaam Ronda" Can‘cellarz'ce Regis continenlar; . 7 . ' ~ .In, this Houfe, there was a- ‘lhamber called White the White Chamber, contiguous to a Hall, called Chambefi the White Hall : Where one Rolertde Halon, by White Hall; a‘fpecial Order from King Edward III, in the , firfi Year of his Reign, arrayed and let in Or-' der the Charters, Writings, and Muniments, in two Che‘its. The fame King gave Order to the". new 36 Clerk of his Works within the Tower, to fee to Edwardmb the Reparation of the Defeéts of this Houfe, as; well to the Roof, as the DOOrs, Windows, Be. There were other Places where in Times paft‘ Rolls and Infiruments were kept: As in the Keeper of the Rolls of Cliancery’s Inn, and in . .- the Priory of St. Bartbolomew’s. For fo in a Re; Record5 kei’i cord 39 Henry VI. Mention. is made of div‘ers in St'flm’l’“ great Cheils containing Records of Pleas of the 10mm“ Common Bencb, which were in the Priory of St. Bartholomew in Wefl-Smitlofield, ,to be removed to the Tower, by a Command from the King For the chief and ,lai’t Repofitory for thefe Re; cords was the forefaid Houfe- in the Tower, whi-= ther they were often remanded by fpecial Orders from the Kings fucceflively. ‘ ' Now to retrieve fome of the ancient Keepers Keepers of of thefe Records. Sometimes the King’s ~Trea-. FheRm’d’ 1 furers were Keepers of the Records. . Thus Wal—t 31:11:)? 5,22,”, ter Reginald, the King’s Treafurer, feems to have Reginald. had the Records in his Cufiody : Who, as appears by a Record, was by King Edward II. enjoined 2 Edward II. to deliver to oncBen/led all the Writings and In-, firuments touching the Negociation of Peace between KingEdward, his Father, and the King of France, which wtere in his Cuitody in the Tower; ._ ‘ In the Iii of Edward III, ,Rooert Halon feems R058” He”? to have beenKeeper of t’he'Records. For in that lmmmu ° Year a Writ was directed to him, that he fhould bring to the Exchequer all the Writings, Muni- , ments, {9%. which belonged to Tbomas Earl of . . Lanca/ler, deceafed, which remained in his Cull tody : “ Whereupon the Charters, Writings, _ f? and, Muniments underwritten, which I {aw “ and arrayed, as the Record runs, I divided “ in two Chei’ts, Ede.” in 'aloa Camera contigaa ' aloe: flala infra magnam Tarrz'mLondon, Eric. _ In the 14th onydward III. William o’e Kilde/éy, William a Keeper of the Privyseal, feems tobe alfo Keeper £32313 Tower Record that runs thus : “ All the Rolls, “ Bundles, and Memoranda of Chancery, which “ were in theHoufe of felon St. Paid . [i..e._ ‘ Powel] then Keeper of the Rolls of the faid ‘ Cloancery, were lent by the King’s Command ‘ to the Tower; and there were delivered to 9 William de Kildcyby, Keeper of the. Privy Seal ‘, of the faid King, by PVilliom dc Emeldon, Clerk “ of the laid 7olsn.” , . In the 10th ofi Rickard II. one john Barton WAIQZW’Q’I’; feems to have been Keeper of the Tower Records. 1” R“'5""“,’“"‘ For there is a Record extant in the faid Tower, beginning l‘a’andatam e/l 7olianni de liValtloam, &c. that is, “ It was commanded :7ol9n do Wall/Jam, “ Keeper of. the Privy Seal of the King, that “ he deliver all. Petitions, \Narrants, Indentures, “, and others memorable Things, from the Time “ of Lord King Edward, late King, his Grand-. " father, howfoever pertaining to the Office of "the Privy Seal, to his beloved Clerk film “:Barton, to keep in the Place appomted tor “, the Rolls of Cbancery within the. Tower of “ London.” - , . . In 0‘ 1‘ 0 IN ‘ 0‘ hhfl r18 .Tower of London. . Oflice 0f the Records. Book I. ‘ Thurman, In the inhof Henry VI. Thomas Smith, Clerk, :as they had ever from Time to Time been I l ”6"} VI- was Keeper of the Records, as appears by a large ‘brought from the Place of their firfi Birth and john Mei/pas, I 4 Henry VI. Ralph Pexal, 2r.» Hen. was Keeper of thefe Records. For, in a Bill figned III. All together were lefs than the Number of VIII. about that Year, the King commanded Ralph fifty Years. And therefore that it was not un- ngal, termed Keeper of the Records within the reafonable, that the like fhould be required at Tower of London, that he raze, or caufe to be this Day. But, notwithi’tanding this Motion, no; razed, certain Words negligently written long be- thing was done. - fore in the Rolls. of Chancery of 22 Edward IV. The Keepers of the Records fucceeding Mr. then being in the Tower, viz. in a Levy granted Bowyer, were T homas. Heneage and William Henc- to Edmund Church. age. Then Roger Wilhraham, Efq; 2 f7acoh. M 3,155,351,”. Edward Hales was Keeper of the Records in Rohert Bowyer, and Henry Elfing, Efq; Io. 39%th VI. King Edward’s VIth’s Time. In the Time of Then yoh'n Burroughs, afterwards Knight"; and his Cul’tody of them a great many Records lay Nicholas Parher, hfq; the one of Gray’s Inn, the in an old Houfe in the Tower unknown, undif- other of the .Middle T emple. The two lait de- covered, till Hohy that belonged to the Ordnance, ceafed Keepers, 'viz. Prinn and Petyt, were great looking for a convenient Place to lay Gunpowder and laborious Antiquarians : v Of whom I {hall in, found them there, and gave the faid Hales take fome Notice by and by. ' Notice of it, and to fetch fome of them away: - The Fee of fearching 'the’Records in the Tower Many whereof had lain there fo long by the Walls, was at firft but a Noble for Opening the Door -, that they were eaten and perifhed by the Lime, afterwardsten Shillings in Qieen Elifizheth’s Reign". In the Beginning of O\ueen Eli/455th, one But then you might have a whole Day’s Search William Bow- William Bowyer, a Gentleman brought up in the from Morning to Night, With the Attendance 0f yer, 9 Regin. Study of the Law, by the Perfuafion of Sir one or two Clerks, and the free Ufe of all the El‘f' Thomas Parry, a great Man at Court, took on Records there, and 0f as many Calendars as had him this Truft. been made thereof by the continual LabOur of Digefls and When he came into the Place, he found thefe twenty Years and more : NOW the Cufliom is to forts the Re- Exemplification Of‘ a Procefs in the Star Cham- her, and a Judgment thereupon given: “ At “ the Suit of Robert Da‘vers againt‘t Thomas “ Smith, Clerk, who hath the Cuitody of the “ Records of the Chancery of the King remain- “ ing in the Tower of London, 8c. for the Razing “ of a Record in the Time of Edward III.” Which Smith feemed, upon this, to be difcharg- ed of his Place. F or, Soon after, viz. therath of the fame King, john Malpas, who was Keeper of the Armoury, had alfo this Place of Keeper of the Records. For a Record in that Oflice runs: .“ 7ohn Malpas hath “ the Oflice of Keeper of the Armoury within the Tower of London, together with one little ‘ Houfe then vacant Within the faid Tower; ‘ within which are contained the Rolls of the “ King’s Chancery.” About the 20th of Henry VIII. Ralph Pexal (C G Records in no Order. So that they could be but iOriginal, now called the Rolls, unto the T ow- er; namely, when by Length of Time the Number of them increafed, and that the fame, ‘b-y reafon of their Age, Were come to be of lefs’ .Ufe or Service to that Court: Which Things, . thoroughly confide red, gave Occafion at that Time fto require, that fome Parts of the oldeft of the’ j faid Records remaining then in the Rolls, being 2 above the Age of an hundred Years, might, ac- , cording to their ancient Order, be brought to the 'Tower; from which Place fo many and fo old Records of Chancery, as then remained in the ‘Rolls, had not been fo long with-held in any former Time fince the Conquefi. For Proof whereof it could be made manifelt by Record, that, about the Twentieth» of King Henry VIII; there were remaining at the» Rolls no Records of more ancient Time, than thofe of the Time of Henry VII, except the few Years of King Richard fearch four Terms more for the fame Fee. Before "(amen Elifaheth, there was but little There Re- Searching of the'Tower Records. But, in and fince cords began ‘ her Reign, there was greater Refort thither. The ‘9‘?“- fear‘Fh-fl . ed m Queen Reafon whereof was, that fuch as had the Keep— Elz‘fizheth’s‘ ing of them, took Pains in forting and ca- Reign. ”“15. little ferviceable to any that fhould confult them ; not knowing where to find what they looked for. He therefore drew up at firi’t a Compendium of the Records from King 7ohn to the lafi Year of Ed- ward IV. And, at the Infiigation of Secretary G. Holmes. A Motion for the ancient Records to be brought into the Tower, by Beaver. Cecil, and for his Service, at length writ out with his own Hand many Repertoria, necefi'ary either for the O\ueen or her Subjects, 'viz. Of all the Rolls of Parliament; all the Patents and Rolls of Wales, of Gafcoine, Scotland, Rome, France, Normandy, and Almain, from the firft of Kin fohn to the lafl of Edward IV. And digel’tefi them all into Six great Volumes. Which fpent him eight Years, and above 1000 l. of his own Eflate, befide all his Labour. This I take from his own Writing. But all thefe Repertories are now gone, and the prefent Deputy is now bufy in that needful Work. ‘ " A Motion was made in ueen Eli/aheth’s Reign by the aforefaid Bowyer, to have the anci— ent Records in the Chancery removed to "the Tower; as being a Place anciently ufed for the fafe keeping and laying up the richei’t and oldefl.‘ Jewels of the Realm and Crown: And it) had it been likewife ufed as the furel’t and mof’t conVe- nient Place, wherein to befiow and keep the an— cient Records of the King, and of the Judicial Courts at Weflmin/l‘er, and mofi: efpecially 'thofe of the Chancery: The Rolls and Records of lendaring the, faid Records ; making thereby the Search more can and readier by much, thanflit Was wont to be. ' It was'ihewn before what a diligent and pain: Lord Henry ful Digeiter of thefc old Writings William Bow- yer was, and-who feems to deferve the chief Praife in that ufefulr Work. Yet we muft not fufier the Name of Henry Lord Stafihrd, a learned Noble—. man, to-heburied in Forgetfulnefs, while we are mentioning this. He was One of the Chamber- lains of the’ Exchequer in King Edward VIth’s Time unto Qleen Elifaheth’s; and had a Key of thefe Records committed to him -, and, being a. Man itu-dious of fuch Antiquity, befiowed much of his Time thereon : And was one of the firf’t in later Memory that attempted the reducing them intoOrder. He made an Inventory Of mofl: of them, fetting them in fuch Order, that he eculd have found any notable Matter enquired for: Which, neverthelefs,'after, by Tumbling and Tofling, were difplaced again. He made alfo Re- pertories of every Matter from King’s yohn’s. vDays till Richard 'III. and of Charters, Rolls, Patent-Rolls, Parliament-Rolls, from Edward III. to Richard III. This Lord is alib to here! Hi1, Inform; membered with Honour, for the Informations tionsconcern, Zi‘dward IV, being there at that Time the {aid he gave to Secretary Cecil, in the very Beginning- Lhidihe‘e Rs? Motion was made, and Ifuppofc to this Day, of (Amen Elijaheth, of the Negleéts and Em— ' .4. bezrlernents which Court, as many as remained fince the Conquel‘t until the End of the Reign of King Chap. XX. bezzlements of thefe precious Records: Which had this Effeét, that the Qleen gave the Secre- tary, the Earl of Shrew/hairy, and others, Com- ”millions to View, fee, and underftand, how and where they were conveyed away; and to draw up Inf’truétions for the better Preferving, and Order in keeping them hereafter. Whereupon they appointed tWO‘Keys unto the Office: One whereof they committed unto the faid Noble- man; and that a perfeét Inventoryfhould be made of the Books that remained. And be, for the more careful Prefervation of them, kept one Fitz his Servant to be always there ready with his Key, whenas any search Ihould ‘be com- manded to be made; and to keep a Book of Comptrolment, when any Records went out; and by what Warrant; and how they were brought in again. the Records, at this Time, did ufe for his own . Eafe to take home with him fome Rolls, and re- turn them at his Pleafure again. So that thefe Records have been kept fome- times under two Keys; as above was feen when the Keeper had one, and the Chamberlain of the Exchequer another : And that for the more fafe Keeping of thefe mof’t valuable and venerable Writings ;_ and that the Safety of them might not depend upon one Man, whofe Clerks or Servants might embezzle them. Upon this Ac-_ count it was, that the above-mentioned Lord *Stafi’ord alledged, how dangerous a Thing it was for the Qieen and Realm, that the fame fhould be under one Key; and fhewed, that, by fundry Records remaining in the Treafury cf the Pa- lace of Weflminfler,’ there had been given AllOW- ance unto the Clerks and Deputies of the Lord Treafurer, and Chamberlains, for the Arraying * [i. e. Setting in Order] and Removing of the Re- cords of the Tower. - Before the Time of King yohn are no Rolls perfect, but Fragments and Pieces. The Reafon whereof might be, partly the Defacing of many, namely, fuch as were laid up in another Houfe, by reafon of the Lime'and Dampnefs of the Walls, againfi: which they were carelefly piled up: And partly by the Negleét of former Keepers, who committed this Office to their Clerks and Servants, who, in the Abfence of the Keeper, might do what they lifted with them, without any Man’s Comptrolment. - _ The laft Note Ifhall make on this Subjeét is this, that f’trong Towersand Caf’tles were com- monly the Places where the State—Records and other Rolls of Moment were wont to be pre- ferved: Of which Places there were divers in former Times, applied to this‘Ufe, both in Eng- land and France : But the Tower of London was always one. In the Reign of KingEdward II, the chief Places, appointed for the preferving the :Recor'ds,'we‘re the Caftles of Ponteflafi, in Tor/e- fhire, T athnry in Staflord/hire, and T onnehrag [T nnhridge] in Kent, and the Tower of London: Which four Places are mentioned in an old Re— cord, Rex omnihas ad qaos, 8cc. Know ye, that we have aflgned our heloved Clerks Robert de Hoton and Thomas de Sibthorp, to feareh, array, and pat in right Order our Charters, Writings, and other our Maninients, heing within our Ca/tles of Pontefraét, Tutbury, and Tonnebrug, and thofe were oonie lately, and are in the Caflody of the Keeper of our Tower of London : flnd alfo all thofe which are in the Hoafe of the Friars Preachers within the City of London; that is, the Bloc/e Friars; a-Place of Strength where Parliaments ufed fometimes to fit, and where was a Tower. There were alfo in thofe Times other Records kept in the King’s Dominions in the Parts of France, to wit,_ at the Towers of Bonrdeanx and Bayonne: Which Places are mentioned in a Record N UMB. XI. ‘ ' - The Records kept {ome- times under two Keys. “Records im- lgrfeé‘t before , ing 70h». Records an- ciently kept in Cafiles. f». Pat. deAn. 16. Edw. II. Records kept h; Frame. Tower of London. “ For Bowyer, the Keeper of . . mul’cy Ofii'ceof the Records. in the Time of Edward III. To whi’ - r - be remarked, the Tower of London is :llb litddltdx3 Et ad ponend. omnia hajafmod jura €95 eetera pre: dill. once per Ingaifltionem legitimam elara poteran: znvenire in Regi/tra in T arrihas, London. Bardz'. gale and Bayonne. ' The two laft Keepers of the~ Records, deceafed deferve to have fome more particular Remark: Both learned in the Law, and who alfo, by their» incefl‘ant Pains, drew out vaft Volumes of the ufefulleft of thefe Records, for more public Ser; VlCC, and for the Illuftration of the ancient Hiltory and Liberty of this Land. The former. was Prinn, Whofe Tranfcriptions are printed; the latter was Petyt, Whofe Tranfcriptions yet remain in Manu— fcript. ' 'hVilliani Prinn of Lincoln’s Inn,- Efq; on whom King Charles II. conferred this Office during Life, foon after his Reftoration, of his, own mere Motion by Patent, fent him, without Fees; and-conferred on him withal an honourable annual Salary Out of the general Receipt of his Exchequer, the better to enable him to perufe, calendar, and improve the Records for the public Good, and . refcue them from Obfcurity and Oblivion :- Which he performed by the Publication of many of them upon feveral Subjeéts and Occafions, in; three great Tomes in Folio ; colleéting them, as he tells us in his Epiftles and Prefaces to them, out of the Office Where the Records and Rolls lay; and partly out of the loofe, rude Heaps of Infiruments in the Chapel of the White Tower. The Contents of them, fo publifhed by him, lhewed the ancient fupreme Jurifdirlion of the Kings of this Land, whether Britifh, Saxon, or Norman; but efpecially under the Reigns of King 7ohn, Henry III, and Edward I. The laf‘t and third Volume came out flnno 1670, he having been ftopped fome Time in his Searches in the Office by the Plague and the great Fife: Which Fire confumed his Printer’s Houfe,and all his Print- ing—Prefi'es, and molt of his Cafes and Letters; and alfo of his printed Copies of the ‘F hit and Second Tomes, with forty printed Sheets of his Third. His Colleétions confified of Writs of Prohibi- His Colleé‘tia tions iflued out, and Attachments, Suits at the 0n5-_ EPi“- Profecutions of our Kings, or their grieved Sub- gfilgd'fznie jeéts, brought'for Contempt of them, either a- gainf’t Popes, Nuncio’s, their Collectors and De- legates; or againfl: our own Archbifhops, Bi- fhops, Archdeacons, Official, or Ecclefiaftical Judges; in vexing the Subjects by,Excommu— nications, and Writs De Exeominnnieat. eapiendo ; of which he found Multitudes yet remaining; befides thofe that were putrified, torn, loft, or perifhed ; enough not Only to fatiate, but furfelt the Readers. The mof’t whereof he abbreviated, and inferred into his Third Tome. . ' In which Tome he alfo prefented the VVOl‘ld fl” find with a large Colleétion of Records, Writs, Ff ome’ pil’tles, Patents, Bulls, Procurations, AntiqUI- ties, not formerly printed, relating principally to the Ecclefiaf’tical, and fome to civil Affairs of grand“: Note in England, Scotland, Fran“, and Ireland, and Rome, during the Reigns of feveral King‘s. Many of which he refcued from Dul’c and Putrefaction, as well as Oblivion : Wherem all great Oflicers both in Church and State: “ Common Lawyers, Canonif’ts, Members of Par- liament, Hiltorians, Heralds, Divines, may find fome Antiquities and Rarities fuinflg them. . ~ But the Multiplicity and Variet)f 0f the ,fald Records were fuch, that he could only C0465“ and digei’tthem in a Chronological Order, as the Year Books and Repertories are independent 0“ each other ;'and that alfo in a rude and unpohfhed Style, .mof’c fuitable to old Moth-eaten, lacerated, Records and Antiquities, as he exprelled it, overfpread WithrDuf’t and Cobwebs, as man‘y’E 119 Remarks on ' the two lafi: Keepers. William Primz, Keep‘ er of the Rt- cords. t 20‘ Records in the White Tower. Mlliam Fe- gyt, Efq. The Regalia kept in the Tower. Vid. Chap. Tower of London. Regalia. of them were. And therefore, to make fome A- mends for this, the fame laborious Man added no lefs than {fourteen Tables to the third Tome, which made a Volume of itfelf, for the better Finding out and Knowing the multifarious Mat- ters contained in the Body of his Book. _ Lafcly, By Way of Appendix to his third Torrie, he added many more Writs of Prohibi- tions, Epiftles, Bulls, and other Records, perti- nent to his Defign, which he had gathered from Bundles thrown by in a confufed Heap, buried, Time out of Mind, in Dul’c, lying in the White Tower Chapel; all happening in the Reign of King Edward I. And, in his Epii’tle Dedicatory, and Epiftle to the Reader before the {aid third Tome, he crowded in more Records Hill, as they came to his Hand, in that King’s Reign; as likewife others in the Reign of Henry I. and H, which he found in the feveral Treafuries and Of-' fices in the Court of Exchequer. ‘ Pl/illiam Petyt, of the InneraTentple, Efq; im-' mediate Predecefl‘or in this Office to the prefent Keeper. As he had long fiudied, and‘was ar- rived to deep Knowledge in the ancient Hifiory and Confiitutions of this Kingdom, fo he was very communicative of it to all that repaired to him for that Purpofe; and was very affifiant to fuch as publifhed any Things of that Nature; whereof I myfelf have had ample Experience. He was a Ptrong Afi‘ertor of the Liberties of Eng- , land; and, how well he acquitted himfelf therein, his Books printed againft Dr. Brady do fhew: He did, for many Years, employ his Clerks in mak- ing Extracts of fuch Records and Rolls lying in the Office of which he was Keeper, as might be of public Ufe to be known and read in thefe Times, and let in Light into the Affairs either of the State or the Church; which, at laft, amount- ed to a great Number of Volumes fairly written : Thefe, with a great many other valuable MSS. of Law, Hifiory, Antiquity, Procefl'es, Aéts of Parliament, Church Affairs, by his lafl: Will he left to certain of his Friends, to be repofited fafely for Polterity in fome con’venient Place, as they fhould think mofi: fit ; and did bequeath 1501. for the Building a Library-to contain them and his other Books. He fpent his lal’t Years at Chelfea ; where, at his own Charge, in his Life-time, he erected a Building, that contained a Vef’try, for the Ufe of the Parifhioners to meet in about Pariih Bufi- nefs, and a School-room for the Teaching of the Youth, and convenient Chambers for the School- matter. He was affable, pious, and charitable, and left a good Name behind him. He lived to a fair Age, being 72 Years old; dying Ottoher 3, Anna 1707, and was buried in the Round of the T emple Church ; where his Brother, Sylvcfler Petyt, of Bernard’s—Inn, Gent. hath fet up againf’c the fouth Wall a decent Monument to his Me» mory. His Library, furnilhed with his Books and Manufcripts, is finilhed, and placed in a Court of the Inner T emple. One Thing more, in this l’trong and royal « Fort, comes next to be mentioned. In the Tower of London are kept the Imperial Crown, the Mound, the Sceptre, the Jewels, and other Royal Treafure, called, The Regalia, to ‘ be ufed at Coronations, fife. The Officer to whom thefe were committed, is called the Keeper of them, who muf’t be a Perfon of great Integrity, fo great a Trufl: being repofed in him. The Place where they are kept is at the cafe End of the new Armory. Before one Blood, by Name, boldly, and by an unparallelled Impudence and Craft, flzole away the Crown, though he was taken foon after, it was cufiomary for fuch, Whofe Curiofitiesinduced'them to fee thefe Things, I, to be admitted into the Room where they were kept, and to [take them in their Hands : But fince that Time there is more Care, the Placebo— ing inclofed with Iron Grates ; {0 that they may be feen, but none admitted into the Room. "Book I”; From ancient Times the Royal Jewels were The Jewels here, at the Tower, carefully preferved by fome fluently truf’cy and faithful Perfon, appointed by the King, who 'had a fettled .Fee for the fame. And, from hence, upon great Triumphs and Days of ublic Splendor, they ufed to be brought to diminfler : And, when all Was over, diligently fent back again, and that under the King’s own Hand. ' So, in the Records, '1 find a Command to {Wile liam, Bifhop of Karlioll, 14. Henry III, De gaataor .Cofinz': cum 7oealihar Reg. z'hz’d. reponendz'nj. e. Con- cerning four Coffins, or little 'Coffers, with the King’s Jewels, to be laid up there [in the‘To‘w'er] as formerly was ufed to be : And that King Ed— ward III, in the 12th of 'his Reign, appointed one 7ohn‘ Flete ‘Caflodem ?’ooalinm, (do. i. e. Keep- er of the Jewels, and alfo of his Armour, and other Things in the Tower, during his Pleafure ; and to take for his Fee 12d. per Diem. A Lift printed is wont to be given to thofe who come daily to fee thefe ineftimable Curiofi— ties in the yewel-Honfe, briefly mentioning the Chief of them : And it is this that followeth : Ali/l of hi: Maje/ly’s Regalia, heflder Plate, and other rich T hingr, at the Jewel-Houfe in the Tower of London. I. The Imperial Crown, which all the Kings of England have been crowned with ever fince Ed. ward the Confeflhr’s Time. 2. The Orb or Globe, held in the King’s left Hand at the Coronation ; on the Top of which is a Jewel near an Inch and Half in Height. 3. The Royal Sceptre with the Crofs, which has another Jewel of great Value under it. 4. The Sceptre with the Dove, being the Ems blem of Peace. 5. St. Edward’s Stafl’, all beaten Gold; car-- ried befOre the King at the Coronation. . 6. A rich Saltcellar of State, the Figure of the Tower, ufed on the King’s Table at the Corona—- tion. 7. Cnrtana, or the Sword of Mercy; borne be- tween the two Swords of Jui’tice, the Spiritual and Temporal, at the Coronation. . 8. A noble Silver Font, double gilt, that the Kings and Royal Family were chrii’tened in. 9. A large Silver Fountain, prefented to King Charles II. by the Town of Plymouth. . IO. @een Anne’s Diadem, or Circlet, which her Majel’cy wore in proceeding to her Coronav tion. I I. The Coronation Crown, made. for the late @een Mary. 12. The rich Crown of State, that his Maje- fly wears on his Throne in Parliament ; in which is a large Emerald, feven Inches round, a Pearl, the finei’t in the World, and a Ruby of inertia mable Value. 13. A Globe and Sceptre, made for :the late Qpeen Mary. I4. An Ivory Sceptre with a Dove, made for the late King 7amer’s Qieen. I 5. The Golden Spurs and the flrm'lla’s, that are worn at the Coronation. 16. The Ampulla, or Eagle of Gold, which holds the holy Oil that the Kings and Qleena are anointed with, and the Golden Spoon that the Billmp pours the Oil into ; which are Pieces of great Antiquity. kept here. Record. Turf; But thefe Regalia deferve a larger and more Dcrcription exaét Defcription : Which I {hall do by the Help p‘fthe Rage- of ”- :wfi‘yfi. .U, Chap. Mr. Edwards. Three , Swords. The Spurs. \ The (Infill/a. XX; of an Hiltory in Writing, of the Coronation of the late King 7am: II, and his Royal Confort Qieen Mary, by Francis Sandford, Efq; late Lan- cafler Herald ; communicated to me by Mr. Ed- wards, Keeper of the yewel-Houfe. SWORDS. Firi’c, There are three Swords, that is, two Swords called the 'Swords of Jul’tice, and one, whofe Place is in the Middle between them, called the Sword of Mercy. One Sword of Ju- ftice reprefents the Spiritual Sword, and is borne ‘ on the right Hand: The Point of that Sword is pointed, but yet fomewhat obtufe. The other Sword of Juf’tice, being the Temporal Sword, is borne on the left Hand. This bath a very {harp Point. Then there is the Sword called Curtaaa, or the Sword of Mercy, which hath the Point "flat, and, as it were, broken off. This pointlefs Sword is the principal of the Three in Dignity : It is a broad, bri ht Sword; the Length of the Blade thirty-two Einches, the Breadth almoll: two Inches: The Handle, co— vered with a fine Gold Wire, four Inches, be-. fides the Pomel, an Inch and three Qiartersf, which, with the Crofs, is plain Steel gilt: The Length of. the Crofs being almof’t eight Inches. This is borne, naked, before the King at his Co- ; «ronation. The fecond Sword, the Sword of Jui’rice to the Spiritualty, hath the Length of the Blade; forty Inches 5 the Breadth, an Inch and an Half : The Handle, as before, covered with Gold Wire. The third Sword, the Sword of Jul’tice to the Temporalty, is, both Blade and Hilt, in Effeét of the fame Size with the former. The Scab— bards of all the three Swords alike; covered with a rich brocaded Cloth of Tifiue, with a rich Ferule, Hook and Chape. , The Spurs, called the great Golden Spurs, are curiouily wrought. The flmpalla, or Eaglet of Gold, contained the holy Oil: It is in the Form of an Eagle, with Wings expanded, fianding on a Pedel’tal; all of pure Gold, finely chafed. The Head fcrews off at the Middle of the Neck,» for the I Convenience of putting in the Oil; and, the Neck The Spoon. Browns. ‘ King Ed- cward’s Crown. being hollow to the very Beak, the holy Oil. is poured out into the Spoon, through the Point of the Beak. The Height of it, from Bottom to Top, including the Pedeftal, is about nine Inch— es; the Diameter of the Pedel’tal about three Inches and an Half; and the Breadth, between the, furthel‘t Point of the Wings, about feven Inches : The Weight of the Whole, about eight or ten Ounces. The Anointing Spoon is likewife of pure Gold, with four Pearls in the broadefi: Place of the Handle; and the Bowl of the Spoon finely chafed both within and without. By the ex- treme Thinnefs thereof, it appears to be very ancient. ‘ CROWNS. There are thefe fevera’l Crowns belonging to Regalia, viz. Firi’t, King Edward’s Crown, with which the Kings of this Land are crowned: So called, in Commemoration of the ancient Crown in the Church of Weflmia/ler, remaining till the Begin- ning of the great Rebellion, when, with the rel’t of the Regalia, it was mofl; facrilegioufly plun- dered away. It is a very, rich imperial Crown of Gold, made againf’c the Coronation of King Charles II, embellilhed with Pearls and precious Stones of divers Kinds, viz. Diamonds, Rubies, Emeralds and Saphires, with a Mound of Gold on the Top of it, encircled with a Band or Fil- Tower of Lendon.~ Regalia. let of Gold; embelliihed alfo with precious Stones, and three Very large_oval Pearls; one at the Top of the Croi‘s, and the’two other pena ' dant at the Ends of theCrofs. The faid Crown lS compofed, as all. the imperial Crowns of Eng- laad are, of four'CrofiEs, and as many Flower: dc Liz of Gold, upon a Rim or Circlet of Gold; all embellilhed with precious Stones : The Cap, within the faid Crown, is of purple Velvet, lined With white Tali-‘ety,t and turned up'with Ermin, thick powdered in three Rows. f ‘1 a?! Secondly, The Crown of State, ‘fo Called, be; The Crown caufe it IS worn by the King or Queen, at fuch of State- Times as they come in State to the Parliament— Houfe. This ’was alfo new made at the Coro- nation of King Charles II. It is exceeding rich, being embellilhed with divers large Role, or Faucet, or Table Diamonds, and other Stones; but-molt remarkable for a wonderful large Ruby, let in the Middle of one ,of the four Crofl‘es', el’teemed worth Iooool. As alfo for that the Mound is one entire StOne of a'Sea—water green ColOur, known by the Name of the dgmarim. This Crown was taken to Pieces, being too weighty for the (Amen, and made 'fit for her}, as Mr. Edwards told me, and {he then wore it, when ihe went to the Parliament. , ,. Thirdly, The (Lueen’s Circlet of Gold. .Qleen ‘ Mary, Confort of the late King 74mm, wOre it in her Proceeding to her Coronation: It is a. Rim or Circlet 'of Gold, very richly adorned with large Diamonds curioufly fet, with a String of Pearl round the upper Edge thereof: The Cap of purple Velvet, lined with white Taliety, and turned up with Ermin, richly powdered. . Fourthly, The Qleen’s Crown, wherewith the The @een’s Chleens are crowned 3 being a Very rich imperial Crown. Crown of Gold, flat with Diamonds of great ; Value, intermixed with a few precious Stones of , other Kinds, and fome Pearl : The cap of pun ple Velvet, lined with rich white Tafiety, turn;- ed up with Ermin, or Minever pure, richly pow— dered. ~ Fifthly, The Qieen’s rich Crown, which is Another worn in her Return to Waylmiafler-Hall, [after Crowna the Coronation Ceremony ended] It is of Gold, but fo richly embellilhed with Diamonds and Pearl, that little or none of the Gold appeareth. It is an imperial Crown, com‘pofed of Croffes and Flowers de Liz, with Arches and a Mound, as the other Crowns. The Orb, Mound, or Globe, whichis put into The Orb, or the King’s right Hand immediately before» his bee Mound. ing crowned; borne in his left Hand upon his Return into qumiafler-Hall : It is a Ball of Gold of for Inches Diameter, encompalied with a Band or Fillet of Gold, embelliihed with Roles of Di- amonds, encircling other precious Stones, and edged about with Pearl. On the Top whereof is a very large Amethyi’t, of a violet or purple Colour, near an Inch and Half in Height, of an ’ oval Form : Which, being encompafl‘ed with four Silver Wires, becometh the Foot or Pedec- ital of a very rich Crol's of Gold, of three Inches and a (barter in' Height, and three Inches in Breadth, fet very thick with Diamonds -, having, in the Middle thereof, a fair Saphire on one Side, and a fair Emerald on the other, and embellilhed with four large Pearls in the Angles of the .Crofs' near its Center, and three large Pearls at the End of the faid Crofs. The whole Height of the Orb and Crofs being eleven Inches. ; SCEPTRES. Firfi, St. Edward’s Staff, in Length, four Sceptresg Feet feven Inches and .an Half, is a Staff .or Sceptre of Gold, witha Pike or Foot of Steel, about four Inches and a anrter in Length, and ' a Mound - 1/232. _ three TOWer of London. Regalia. a Mound and Crofs at the Top. The Garniih~ ings are alfo of Gold, and the Diameter is about Quarters of an Inch. ' ' p The King’s Sceptre, with the Dove, is a Scep- 1 ’ tre of Gold, in Length three Feet feven Inches, The Ivory Rod. Rings. Other Regan 1m. Some of thefe 'and three Inches Circumference at the Handle, and two Inches and a Charter about the Top : ' The Pomel garnifhed with a Circle or Fillet of Table Diamonds, and, in feveral— Places, with precious Stones of all Sorts : And the Mound at the Top embellilhed with a Band or Fillet of Role Diamonds. Upon the Mound is a fmall 7erufalem Crofs, whereon is fixed a Dove, with Wings expanded, as the Emblem of Mercy. " The King’s Sceptre with the Crofs, or Scep- tre Royal, likewife of Gold : The Handle plain, and the upper Part wreathed : In Length two Feet nine Inches and a (garter, and of the fame 'Thicknefs as the former : The Pomel, at the Bottom enriched with Rubies and Emeralds, and {mall Diamonds : The Top rifeth into a Flower de Liz with fix Leaves, whereof Three are up- right, and the other Three hanging down; all enriched with precious Stones. Out of the fame Flower de Liz ilTueth a Mound, made of an A- methyl’t, garnifhed with Table Diamond‘s ; and, upon the Mound, a Crofs wholly covered with precious Stones, with a large Table Diamond in the Center. . The Qleen’s Sceptre with the Crofs, alfo of Gold, adorned with Diamonds and other preci- ous Stones -, in Length two Feet ten Inches -, with a Mohnd and Crofs at the Top, iffuing out of a Flower de Liz .- Very like the King’s, in all the Embelliihments thereof; only fmaller, and not wreathed, nor altogether fo thick. The Qieen’s Ivory Rod, is a Rod or Sceptre of white Ivory -, in Length three Feet one Inch and Half, whereof the Pomel and Garniture is Gold, as is alfo the Mound and Crofs at the Top; only the Dove at the Top of the Crofs is ena- melled with White : The Circumference, at the Bottom, about two Inches, and, at the Top, a- bout an Inch and an Half. ' RINGS. The King’s Coronation Ring, is a plain Gold Ring, with a large Table Ruby Violet ; where- in a plain Crofs, or Crofs of St. George, is curi- oufly enchafed. The King’s Coronation Ring likewife of Gold, with a large T able Ruby fet therein, and fixteen other fmall Rubies round about the Ring ; where- of thofe next to the Collet are the largef’t, the raft diminifliing proportionably. . The other Regalia, as the open Pall, the Sn- pertunz'ea of Cloth of Gold, the Surcoat of crim- fon Sattin, the Cololz'am Syndonis, the flrnn'lla, the Buikins, Sandals, King Edward’s Chair, Ede. are kept at ,lVe/lmz'nfler-flloey. There was a Time, when the Tower was not Jewels carried thought a Place fafe enough for this Treafure : to France to be kept. Fedora, Con- rvention. €27}. p. 261. , But, whatever the Reafon was, whether the King’s Wars here at Home, Henry III. fent, 'if not all, a great many of them into France: What they were, and to whom fent, and by whom, and where laid up, a Tower Record will relate. flnno 46, Henry III, Mllz‘am de Latyrner and Mr. Henry de Gandatoo', with others, brought the King’s Jewels to Margaret, (been of France, in two Col-Yen‘s; and Ihe laid them up in the Tem- ple at Paris, under her Seal. The Keys the faid Latymer and Henry, the King’s Mefl‘engers, brought back with them: They are named, w'z. one great Crown, one Firmaenlam cam Rubella: [Buckle with Rubies] one Ring with a Ruby, three Gold Crowns, unum Capellum Imperatorz'am, gamer Ferra, imam zfipbaégum, three Gold I Pefiz'na [Combs] fifty—two Firinaenla [Buckles] ten Bacalos [Staves] containing 208 Rings, cum Rnaez‘z's {9° Baltflz'r; two Staves containing 66 Rings, cum Maragdenz'bus; one Staff, containing 20 Rings; with Saphires ; one Staff, containing I 3 Rings, with Topazes ; one Stafi’, containing I 7 Rings, with divers Stones; fixty-fix 'Girdles, alfo two Golden" Peacocks, one Buckle with 12 Diamonds,other fourteen Buckles, with five' Gold Garlands. There is another Cuftody in the Tower, which concerns the Keeping and Providing for the Li- ons there, and other wild favage Creatures, in a {trong Apartment on the Weft Part of the T ow— er. Thefe are, now and then, prefented to the Prince by foreign Kings, or by Sea-officers, who have brought them from other Parts of the World. Slow hath fearched into the Original of bring- ing thefe fierce Creatures here, and hath given us fome ancient Records concerning them: I flaall add a few more. ' Book I. Keeper of the Lions. 'In the 16th Year of HenryVI, the Office of The Fee. Keeping the Lions and Leopards of the Tower was granted to Roaert Mansfield, Efq; for Life, Tower Rec; with a certain Place there anciently belonging to ' it, With the Fee of Sixpence a Day for every Lion, Es’e. - _ Again, in the 37th of the faid King’s Reign, the {aid Office was granted to the faid Roaerx Mansfield, and his Son Robert was put into the Patent. Again, in the 39th'of the faid King, the Of- fice was granted to T laomas Roe/res. , _ In the 4th of Edward IV, the Office of Keep- ing the Lions and Leopards of the Tower was granted to R. Haflz'ngs, Efq. Such Grants alfo are extant in the Tower Re- cords in the Reigns before; as in Edward I, Ed— ward II, and the fucceeding Kings. From whence we gather, that the wild Be’afcs kept in the Tower were generally Lions and Leo— pards, for feldom any other Creatures are men— tioned in the Patents : That the Keeper was fome Oflicer about the King, and of Quality, and ap- pointed by the King’s Letters Patents : That his Wages was 6 d. a Day allowed for himfelf, and 6 d. more a Day for every Lion and Leopard : And that that Place, or Apartment, where the Lions were kept, was alfo granted him, as by this Patent to the aforefaid Rolrert Mansfield ap- pears: Lions and Leopards for- merl y kept in the Tower. The F ee. ’ Rex omnidn: ad quot, €9’t. Dilefio Serw'lorz' neg/fro, Rot. Pat. 16. Roberto Mansfield Armz'gero, Marefeallo Aulze HsVI-P- 2- nojlra “ The King to all to whom thefe Prefents lhall “ come, fife. We, of our fpecial Grace, have “ granted to our beloved Servant, Robert Manf- de Gratia nojlra fpeez'alz', @e. m‘ 34' “ field, Efq; 'Marfhal of our Hall, the Office - of Keeper of the Lions, with a certain Place which hath been appointed anciently within our {aid Tower for them; to have and to OC- cupy the fame, by himfelf, or by his fuflicient Deputy, for the Term of his Life; with the Wages of Sixpence per Day for himfell, and with the Wages of 6d. per Day for the Mainte— _ nance of every Lion or Leopard, now being in his Cuf’tody, or that {hall be in his Cultody hereafter; to be taken, yearly, from the 22d Day of September, during his Life, from the Ifl‘ues and Profits of the Counties of Bedford and Buckingham, coming to the Hands of the Sheriff of the faid Counties for the Time be- “ ing, Ede. But, long before thisKing, Henry VI, nameq A white Bea; ly, in the Reign of Henry III, there were a white aid surmi- Bear and an Elephant kept in- the Tower; in P”“‘ "1‘ e which Creatures the King feemed to deliglgt: or Tower. Chap. Liberal. 36. H. III. m. 4. G. Holmes. Record. A15. far. 37. Ho III. 111. 15. libirat. 39. H. III. m. -i r. King 7am“ goes to the Tower. R. B. XX. For he ifi'ued out feveral Orders concerning pro— viding for, and taking Care of them 3 and that to the Sheriffs of London; as appears by thefe Liberates found lately in the White Tower. Rex Viceoomitious, 59’s. “ The King to the Sheriffs of London, Greet- nance of a white Bear, which we fend to our Tower of London, there to be kept, and for his Keeper, ye caufe to be allowed four Pence every Day, as long as they fhall be “there. Witnefs the King at St. Edmund’s, Sept. I 3.” The like Order was fent to the, Sheriffs from the King, dated from Windfor, Sept. 29. There was Bill the next Year, viz. An. 12 5 3, concerning this white Bear, another Order ilfued from the King, to provide him a Muzzle, and a Chain, and a f’trong Rope, to make Sport in the T loames. Rex Vicecomitibus London, 59’s. “ The King to the Sheriffs of London, Greet- “ ing : We command you, That for the Keep “ er of our white Bear, lately fent us from “ Norway, and which is in our Tower of London, “ ye caufe to be had one Muzzle, and one Iron “ Chain, to hold that Bear without the Water, “ and one long and f’trong Cord, to hold the fame Bear fifhing [or wafhing himfelf] in the River of Thames. VVitnefs the King at Mad/or, Oflooer the 30th.” The King alfo, a Year or two after, had an Elephant, viz. Alma i255, which the Sheriffs ‘K C‘ “ .were to build a Houfe for in the Tower, and pro- vide for his Suftenance, and his Keepers. Rex Vieeeomitioas London, Salatem, 69°C. “ The King to the Sheriffs of London, Greet- “ ing: We command you, That, of the Ferm ‘-‘ of our City, ye caufe, without Delay, to be built, at our Tower of London, one Houfe of forty Feet long, and twenty Feet deep, for our Elephant : Providing, that it be fo made, and fo ftrong, that, when Need be, it may be fit and necefTary for other Ufes ; and the Cof’t fhall be computed at the Exchequer. Witnefs the King at Weflmia/ier, the 26th Day of Fe- bruary.” , ., Again, the next Year: “ The King to the Sheriffs of London, Greet- ing : We command you, That, from the F eaft of St. .Miebael laf’t pait, and as long as ye be Sheriffs of London, and our Elephant fhall be there, ye find for him and his Keeper Necef— faries, as there {hall reafonably be Need. Wit— ncfs the King at W dimiafier, Oflooer I I.”] Now concerning the Nature of thefe imprifon- ed wild‘Beafts.] ' Anna 1604, 7am 3', King yames, taking with him the Duke of Lenox, with divers Earls and Lords, went to fee the Lions at the Tower. And, here, he caufed Two of them, a He-Lion and a She, to be put forth. And then a live Cock was calf to them -, which, being their natural E- nemy, they prefently killed it, and fucked the Blood. Then the King caufed a live Lamb to be— put to them -, which the Lions, out of their Generofity, ashaving Refpeét to its Innocency, never offered to touch, although the Lamb was fo bold as to go clofe to them. Then the King caufed the Lions to be taken away, and another Lion to be put forth, and two Maf’tiffs to be turned to him. The Maftiffs prefently flew up- On the Lion, and turned him upon his Back; and, though the Lion was fuperior to them in Strength, yet, it feems, they were his Match in Courage. ' . There was a Spaniel Dog, for fome Offence or ‘C ‘C (‘ (C 6‘ ‘S ‘6 CC “, ‘6 ‘ 0‘0" ‘ ‘C n 6 ing: We command you, That for the Suite- , AAmbafl'ador came- to f’cuffed. One died two Tower of LOndon. Wild Bea/3s kept tbere. other,’ caft into the Lion’s Den; but the Lion dld‘ not attempt to hurt him. And this Dog continued in the Den with the Lion feveral Years, and there died] This Story may be fubjoined: In the Month of yam, I 609, a Refolution was taken to make Trial of the Valour of the Lion, which fhould be, by turning him loofe to a Bear ; which Bear had killed a Child; for which it was thought. convenient that he fhould fuff‘er Death. The Bear was brought, and turned loofe in an open Yard: Then a Lion was turned out of his Den to him, bUt he would not affault him, but fled from him. And fo it was done with other Li- ons, one after another; and, laf’tly, two toge- ther were turned to him ; but none fet upon him, but rather fought to'return to their Dens. A ~ Stone—horfe, foon after,~was put into the Yard 123 A Trial of a Combat be- tween a Lion and a Bear. . 7. s. with the firfi: Lion and the Bear: The Horfe fell. to Grazing betWeen them, after he had gazed a .little upon them. Two Maftiff Dogs were let in, who bOldly fought with the Lion. After- wards, fix Dogs more Were let in, who flew up- on the Horfe, moft in Sight, at their [firf’t E n- trance, and would foon have worried him to Death, had not three {tout Bearwards entered in, and refcued the Horfe, and brought away the Dogs, while the Lion and Bear f’cood flaring upon them. At this Sight were prefent King 7ames, the (been and Prince, and divers great Lords. But, though the Bear had efcaped this Bout, the King gave Command he fhould be baited to Death with Dogs upon a Stage 5 and 'fo ’ he was. ‘ Abridgm. of Engl. Clarom'cle. The wild Beaf’ts, and Other favage Animals in the Tower, j‘une 1704, were thefe, in their feve- ralDens and Apartments: - , Six Lions. F irf’t, a Shep—Lion; which was Liens. prefented to King William by Admiral Rafi]. _ Secondly, a He-Lion, being about fix Years old, brought over by Captain Liitleton. Sir T bomas Littleloii prefented him to King PI/iilzam. Thirdly, Another Lionprefented to (ween Anne by the Lord Grandville : It came to the Tower on Eafler-Monday, flmio I70 3. F ourthly, TWO young Lions, fent to (been flmze from the King _ of Barbary. 1y, Yet another young Lion, the young Duke of Glouoefler.’ brought over for They came in sz‘ooer, 1703. Fifth- ~ In 7uiy, Amio I708, the Emperor of Moroeoo’s‘. London, and brought five Lions, a Prefent from his Mafientothe Qieen. _ Two Leopards, or Tygers. One ever fince King Charles II’s Time, but now in Decay: The other, very beautiful and lovely to look up— on ;‘ lying and playing, and turning upon her Back wantonly, when I faw ~her. ’ ' Three Eagles, in feveral Apartments. One Leopards. Eagles. had been there fourteen or fifteen Years ; called ' a Bald Eagle, with a white Head and Neck. Two Swedi/ls Owls, of a great Bignefs, called Hop/tins ; they were prefented to King Charles. ‘ Cats of the Mountains, two; walking contiu nually backwardsand forwards. One of them was prefented to Qieen Anne, of the Colour Cats. fomewhat of a Hare, much larger than oar or-" dinary domef’tic Cats, and very cruel. . A Jackal], much like a Fox, but bigger, and longer-legged, and more grilled. v ,‘ 'Thefe Creatures have a rank Smell; WlllCh‘ hath fo afi‘eéted the Air of the Place, though there is a Garden adjoining, that it hath much injured the Health of the Man that. attends them, and fo ftuf’fedaup his Head that it affects his Speech. And yet their Dens are cleanfed every Day -, and they have frefh Water fet them a and Ni ht. ' . ‘ D,I¥Iere are galfo the Skins of two dead LiOns Days before King Cbarlbes I e Ii ‘ Jackall. 124 the Second. The other was the the (keen Dow- ager’s Lion. , On a Table hanging againl’t the Wall of the Houfe where the Keeper of the Lions dwelleth, is thus writ : ' ‘ March the 29th, ”1703. Then brought here ‘ a Lion, prefented to the (Lueen by the ‘ Right Honourable the Lord Grandtzille.’ ‘ Ottoher the IPt,.I703. Brought two young ‘ Lions, prefented to the O\ueen by the King ‘ of South Barhary.’ The Wild Bea/ts in the Tower at this. Time are, four Lions. ' Wild Beafis in the Tower, 1754' 1. Great Pompey, being the largef’t Lion ever fliewn in this Kingdom, though, but fix Years old. 2. jenny, the oldelt Lionefs that ever lived in the Tower ; fhe is now forty Years of Age. 3. Dido, fix Years old. 4. Hellen, now in her feventh Year. Three beautiful Tygers. A fine Leopard. Two youngVBears. A young an—Tyger, alfo another of the fame Species, but not fo large and Curious. A Guinea Racoon. A Jackall. A fine Tyger Cat. Befides thefe, there is what the Keepers call- their School of Apes, which contains two Egyp- tian Night-Walkers, and two Apes from T urhoy. . Birds. There 2'5 alfo .4 Variety of foreign Birds, of which here is a fhort decount. . I. A Golden Eagle, which they fay has been . an Inhabitant of the Tower ninety Years. , j-2. Two Oftri‘ches, being fent to his Majei’t‘y, from the Dey of Tunis; the Male died lately by {wallowing 3 Nail, that flopped its Pafi'age. 3., Several other Eagles of different Colours, from different Countries. . 4. A horned Owl, a very uncommon Bird. Keeper of the There were alfo other wild Creatures in former King’s Bears and AP¢$~ pointed for them. ‘ King RiohardII’I. appointed a, Keeper for his L d . K. - .. . E g” Bears and Apes ': But thefe were for his Game. Richard III. The faid Kin is, Letters ran, ‘ To all Mayors, ‘ Sheriffs, Ba liFr's, Confiables, {9%. Signifying, Inn: of Court fond Chancery. Time‘s belonging to the Kings, and [Keepers ap- ‘Book I... ‘ That he had made andconl‘tituted’flhn Bronze ‘ Mafier, Guider, and Ruler of all our Bears and. ‘ Apes, to us appertaining within the Realm of ‘ England and ~tt/ales: Charging them not to, .‘ molei‘t, trouble, or vex, or inquiet him, or his ‘ Keepers of our faid Bears and Apes: But to fhew to’ him, and his Keepers of our faid Game for our Pleafure, all loving Benevolence and' Favour. flnno Primo. And perhaps, befides thefe divers Cuf’codies in Little Ware. the Tower mentioned already, there are, or were r017! in thc others: As the Cufiody of the Little Wardrohe Tom" there. And there was a Patent 36 Henry VI, where-in the Oflice of the Cui‘tody of the Little Wardrohe- in- the Tower was regranted; becaufe- it was not granted before by the Name of the Keeper‘of the King’s Beds, and other T hing: within the Tower of London. _ There was 3112) the Cufiody of the Tower Keeper ofthc VWOl‘k. Tower Work. In the 25th of King Henry III, when the Church of -St. Peter’s, in the Tower, and the C ‘ € - White Tower wanted Repair, that King direéted \ . his Command Cuflodihus 'Operationis Turrir, i. e. to the Keepers of the Work‘of the Tower, to fee j it done] And thus much concerning the Tower, and-The Ufe of ,— the various and fundry Matters relating to it: the Tower to And now to c0nclude thereof in Summary. défendglé This Tower is a Citadel, to defend or com- C‘ty’ “ mand the City: A Royal Palace for Aliémblies and Treaties: A Prifon of Ei‘tate for the mod: dangerous Offenders : The only Place of Coinage 'for all England at this Time : The Armory for warlike Provifion: The Treafury of the Orna— ‘ments and Jewels of the Crown, and general Conferver of the mofl: [Ancient] Records of the King’s Courts of Jiuf’tice atWe/lrninfier.] ‘ As a Fabric of Antiquity, it is impoflible 'to pafs by the Tower Without taking fome Notice of it, being vifited f0 much by the good Peqp’leiof England, as a Place made venerable by the fre- quent Mention of it in Hiltory; and famous for having been the Scene of many tragicalAd- ventures: But I muit caution thofe of my Rea— ders, who are unfkil’led in Architeéture, not to believe it a Place of Strength, Beauty, .or Mag-‘ 'nificence 5 it is large and old, indeed, and has a. formidable Row of Cannon before .it to fire. on Rejoicing-Days. - er. s. c H A P. XXI. 0f the Houfl’: for ”Student: in the Aving raid thus much .of the Towers. and ‘ Cai’tles of our ancient City, and more par- ticularly and largely of the Royal Tower, we go. 7. S. on in our Perambulation to mark other very me- 5 morable and public Places ; as, namely, the Inn: ' of Court and Chancery, the Schools and Houfes of Learning, the Colleges and Hofpitals.] There is in and about this City an whole Uni- verfity as it were of Students, Praétifers, or Plea- ders, and Judges of the Laws of this Realm; Not living of common Stipends, as in other Uni- Verfities it is for the molt Part done, but of their Inns of Court and Chan- eery. own private Maintenance: As being altogether ; fed either by their Places or Praétice ; or other- Confimng of Wife by theirproper Revenues, or Exhibition of Gentlemen, Parents and Friends. F Or that the younger Sort or wealthy Perm" or of other mol’t wealthy Perfons. Number of Of. thefe' Houfe's there are'at this Day four- thefe Houfes- teen in all, whereof Nine do l’gagd within the Lone, Veal/ed, The Innsl‘ Chancery. againfi: St. Andrew’s Church. - of Court and fLibert'ies of this City, and {Five in the Suburbs. thereof, viz. ' ‘ 3 . ' Mthin the Lihert‘ies. Serjeant: 'Inn in Fleet-flreet, Serfeants hzn in- ChanceryI Lane, for Judges and Serjeants o‘nly.‘ -. The Inner Temple, The [Middle Temple, in Fleet- jireet, Houfes of Court. Clifords Inn, in Fleet— :flreet, Thavy’s Inn in Holho’rn, Furni'ual’s Inn in Holhorn, Barnard’s Inn in Holhorn, Staple Inn in ,Holhorn, Houfes of Chancery. PVithout the Lihertier. Gray’s Inn in Holhorn, Lincoln’s Inn in Chancery Lane, bythe Old T empleHoufes of Court. Clement’s Inn, New Inn, Lion’s Inn, Houfes of Chancery with- Of every of thefe Inns, you may read more in their feveral Places- where they hand. - ; l- in the Libert of We’iminfter. are either Gentlemen, or the Sons of Gentlemen, out Temp 6 Bar, y J .There was fome Time an Inn of Serjeants in A SCH-cant, :Holhorn; as you may read of Soroop’s Inn, over— Inn in Hot. fll‘fl . There Chap :- . Che/Refs Inn, or Strand Inn , in Place whereof fiandeth So- nzcrfl't Hon/é. » cafler. A tenth Houfe of Chancery . Houfes of Inns of Court, what they be. The Bench Readers. Apprentices at the Law. XXI. There was alfo one other Inn of Chancery, called~ Chefler’s Inn, for the Nearnefs to the Bi— lhop of Chefler’s Houfe; ,but more commonly termed Strand Inn, for that it flood in Strand Street, and near unto the Strand Brizizlge without Temple-Bar, in the Liberty of the Dutchy Lan~ This Inn of Chancery, Withother Houfes near adjoining, were pulled down in the Reign of Edward VI, by Edward . Duke of Sornerjet, 1”?“ W Court and Chancery. and Protector of the Realm ; who, in Place there- of, raifed that beautiful, but yet imperfect,- Houfe, called Somerfet Honfe. . , , Therewas, moreover, in the Reign of King , Henry VI, a tenth Houfe of Chancery, mentioned by Jui’tice Fortefcne, in his Book of the Laws of w England; but where it flood, or when it was abandoned, I cannot find: And therefore I will leave it and return to the refh , . The Houfes of Court are replenilhed, partly with young Students,- and‘ partly with Graduates and Praétifers, of the Law. But the Inns of Chancery, being as it were Provinces feverally fubjected to the Inns of Court, are chiefly fur— nifhed with Officers, Attornies, Sollicitors, and Clerks, that follow the Courts of the King’s Bench and Common Pleas. And yet there want not fome others, being young Students, that come thither fometimes from one of the Ufiiverfities, and fometimes immediately from Grammar Schools. ‘ And thefe having fpent fome Time in fiudyin upon the firl’t Elements and Grounds of the Ear, and having performed the Exercifes of their own Houfes, called Boltas Moots, and Putting of Cafes -, they proceed to be admitted, and become Students in fome of thefe four Houfes or Inns of Court : Where continuing for the Space of feven Years, or thereabouts, they frequent Readings, Meetings,’Boltings, and-o4 ther learned Exercifes, whereby, growing ripe in the Knowledge of the Laws, and approved withal to be of honei’c Converfation, they are, either by the general Confent of the Benchers, or Readers, being the moi’t ancient, grave, and judicious ‘Men of every Inn of the Court, Tort by the fpecial Privilege of the prefent Readeo there, {elected and called to the Degree of Utter fBar~ rii’cers; andfo enabled to be common 'Counfel- lors, and to praé‘t-ife the Law, both in their Chambers and at the Bars. - . Of thefe, after that they are called to a; further Step of Preferm'ent, called, The Bench, there are T wo .every Year chofen among the—Benchers, of every Inn of Court, to be Readers there, who do make their Readings at two Times in the Yearalfo; that is, one in Lent, [and the other at the Beginning of flngufl. ‘ , And, for the Help of young Students in every of the Inns of Chancery, they do likewife chufe out of every one Inn of Court a Reader there, being no Bencher, but an Utter Barrii’ter there, of ten or tiWlee Years Continuance, and of good Profit in Study. NOW=from thefe of the laid Degree of Counfellors, or Utter Barrii’ters, hav- ing continued therein the Space of fourteen or fifteen Years at the lead, the chiefe‘i‘t andrbeit learned are by the Benchers elected» to 'increafe the Number, as I faid, of the Bench amongfi: them; and ft) in their Time do become firf’t fingle, and then double Readers to the Students of thofe Houfes of Court: [Afteriwhichdaf’t , Reading, they becomeApprentiCes of theLaw. Serjeants . Judges. And, in default of a fuflicient Number of Sérjeants at'Law,-thefe are, at the Pleafure of theiP-rihce, to be advanced to the Plac'es of Serjeants: 0111: of which ,Number of Serj'eants alfo, the void Places of‘ Judges are likewife ordinarily filledui Although now‘ and-then {omelet-re advanced, by the 3 'fpecial Payour of A the Prince,. to. the EI’EatC,: Dignity, and Place both of Serjeant and Judged 1 landiacefounteth "for: 'a-lii z I125 as It were in one Ini’tant. But from thenceforth they held not any __Room in thofe Innsof Courts, being tranflated to one of the faid two Inns- callcd Serjeants Inns; where none but the Set: Jeants and Judges do converfe. It hath not been allowed, that. the Stud of the Law ihould be in any other Places, buirat icdgildgfaia thefe Inns 0f Court. Once there were .fome Lamb”, but Schools fetup in the City, for Reading andTeach; forbid' mg the Laws : But the King thought ‘fit to have 7- S. them refirained by Proclamation -, 'asappears by this Record about the 2,8th of Henry III, as it ieems: ,i ; , , a , '. Mafid‘ltum 3:” W107i 8 Viceé'omll- Loni Rec.anr.a/h." ,‘don’ €996. , ‘ . " " , . G. Holmes. ‘ Commandment is given to the Mayor andw ‘ Sheriffs of London, That they caufe’Proclamaa ‘ tron. to be made through the whole City, and ‘ firmly to be forbid, That no one ihould fet up “ Schools of the'Laws. in the faid City, and teach ‘ the Laws there for the Time to come. And, ‘ if any {hall fet up fuch Schoolsthere, they cau‘fe ‘ them to ceafe without Delay. ' Witnefs the King ‘ at Baflng, Decemher I I.”] ’ ‘ . Thefe Houfes are called Inns, being the old Why called Engh/h Word for Houfes of Noblemen, and which 17”” ‘ is of the fame Signific‘ation with the French Word R, B. Hrflel,'at Paris. , i. ; r ,. A _ ' The Inns of Chancery were probably {0 Called, Inns of Chan- becaufe, for theme-ft Part, they confifited .of fuch My, Why {0 Clerks as did chiefly ftudy the Forming of Writs, called' which belonged to the'Curfitors', that are Officers of Chancery -, and are now taken up by Attornies, Sollicitors, and fuch as belong to the Courts of Common-Pleas and King’s—Bench : But formerly were preparatory Houf‘es for younger Students, as well as for the Forming of Writs as aforefaid 2 And. many were ‘e’nteredihere, before they were admitted to the Inns of Court, as fome are at thisDay.; ~ 1 : 1 ' ' r ' The‘lnns of Court were f0 named,'as fome fay, Inns ofCourt, becaufe the Students therein are to ferve the Courts why {0 called- of JiidiCatu-re; or 6111: becaufe thé-Houfes an— ciently received the Sons. of Nobl‘ehien‘, and the better Sbrt of Gentlemen .3 and this Forz‘efcae afa firmszi f , i '- ' ' f Thefe Societies are no Corporations, , nor- have N0 Corporate any, judicial/Power- over their Members-g but Ems’ob‘ét havemehtainOrdersamong themfelveS,-"Whi€h by ail/(Eng $2,. Cbnfentfhave the Force .- ”of 'Laws.’ 1F or flighteO‘fi- felves. fen'ceSkthey are only‘exicommoned, that is,'p1it cuter-Commons», which, is, not to eat With? the raft in theirv‘Halls‘: 'Ar‘id; far greater, -' they lofe their Chambers, and are expelled: the Horde. And, being once- expelled, they are not to: be'ad‘n mitted by any of the other th-ree'Societies. ' The Members, when they meetratrCh-apel, or Their Habit. at their. Hall, or go to, any of the‘Courts of Jau— dicature, wear a grave black Robe or Gown, and a Cap; but, at other Times, the Habit of the Gentry. ‘ " i i V i ' Theft: Soeieties(havelnoLands 'or Revenues, N9 Revenues exc their Howie ginorihave‘ they any Thing to “Mains- defray the Charges oi" theTHou-fe, but what is. paid at Admittances, arid huh—rents fortheir Chem; bers,’ With the; Purcha" -money for Chambers, when [any fall to the‘;Hdufe. . ‘- ' , " _‘ The-Gentlemenin rthétfé’SOciétiesfimiay be div» F our Rank“ ded intovfour Ranks .i- 5 1,,Benchersr arg‘U‘tter-Bare rifters. 3, Inner-‘Barrifters. 'Anda 4,1.Students. i 'Benohers'are the Seniors, to (whom tl1¢:.-<3*3V“I.r 11' Band’m" mm- of- the Houfe, and Orderingf'iheifM‘attefis thereof, is eoninaitted ', And on: ofit'hefexa‘ Trea— fur‘er iis ‘ye’arly‘iohofe'n, who IreceivethJVdiIbui-feth‘, Monies belonging1 Lto 'the Houfe ., ' ..,V 5:“: Hi“ "lit/17¢“, Utter Barrii’ters‘a-re fii'chas,’ from theirLearn- Utter Barri!- ing and Standing, are called by the BenCheiS do two p ea , ‘126 Moots. Readers. Inner Barri- tiers. Times of Mooting. Readings. Inn: of Conrt. plead and argue in the Society doubtful Cafes and Qiei’tions, which are called Moots: And, whili’c they argue the faid Cafes, they fit utter- nioit on the Forms of the Benchers, which they call the Bar. Out of thefe Mootmen are chofen Readers for the Inns of Chancery, which belong to the Inns of Court, of which they are Mem- bers; where, in Term Time, and Grand Vaca- tions, they argue Cafes in the Prefence of Attor- nies and Clerks. All the rei’t of the Society are accounted Inner Barrifiers; who, for Want of Learning or Time, are not to argue in thefe Moots : Yet, in a Moot before the Benchers, two of thefe,’ fitting upon the fame Form with the Utter Barrifters, do, for their Exercifes, recite, by Heart, the Pleading of the fame Moot Cafe, in Law French; which Pleading is the Declaration of the faid ‘M00t Cafe at large; the one taking the Part of the :Plaintifl“, and the other of the Defendant. » For the Times of thefe Mootings, they divide the Year into three Parts, viz. I. The Learning Vacation; 2. The Term Times. And, 3. The ”Dead, or Mean Vacation. They have two Learning Vacations, viz. Lent Vacation, which begins the firit Monday in Lent, and continues three Weeks and three Days; and Summer Vacation, 'which begins the Monday af- ter Lemma: Day, and continues alfo three Weeks and three Days : And in thefe Vacations are the greatei’t Conferences, and Exercifes of Study. .17" he Manner of thefe Readings. The Benchers appoint the eldei’t Utter Barri- fter to read amongl’t them openly in the Hall ; of which he hath Notice half a Year before. The firl’t Day, he makes Choice of fome Aét, or Statute, whereupon he grounds his whole Reading for that Vacation. He reeiteth certain Doubts and Qiefiions which he hath devifed up- on the faid Statute, and declares his Judgment thereon. After which, one of the Utter Barri- - fiers repeateth one Qiefiion propounded by the O O i Meetings in the Inns of Court. Reader, and, by Way of Argument, doth labour to prove the Reader’s Opinion to be againft Law. And. after him, the fenior Utter Barrilter and Reader, one after another, do declare their Opi- nions and Judgments in the fame. And then the Reader, who did put the Cafe, endeavours to confute the Objeé‘tions laid againfl: him, and to confirm his own Opinion. After which, the Judges and Serjeants, if any there be, declare their Opinions. Then the youngei’t Utter Barri- flzer again rehearfeth another Cafe, which is pro- fecuted as the former was. And this Exercife continueth, daily, three or four Hours. , The Manner of Reading, both in Lent and Summer Vacations, are performed after the fame Manner: And, ufually, out of thefe Readers the Serjeants .are chofen. 2 T he .Mnnner of Mooting in ihe Inn: of Court. In thefe Vacations, after Supper in the Hall, the Reader, with one or two of the Benchers, comes in; to whom one of the Utter Barrii’ters propounds fome doubtful Cafe; which being ar— gued by‘the Benchers, and, laftly, by him that moved the Cafe; the Benchers fit down on the Bench at the upper End of the Hall: And up- on the Form in the Middle of the Hall fit two 'iUtter Barriiters; and, on both Sides of them, ‘on the fame Form, fits one Inner Barrifter, who, lin Law French, doth declare to the Benchers fome .Kind of Aélzion ; the one being, as it were, re- tained for the Plaintiff, and the Other for the De- fendant: Which ended, the two Utter Barrifters' argue fuch Qieitions as are difputable within the {aid Cafe; After which, the Benchers do like- Chancery. Book I. wife declare their Opinions, as how they take the 1 ' Law to be in thefe (Qlef’tions. T he Manner of Mooting in the Inn: of Chancery. In the Learning Vacations, each Utter Barri- f’cer, that is, a Reader in the Inns of Chancery, goes with two Students of the fame Inn of Court to the Inn of Chancery, where he is appointed to read: And there meet him commonly two of each of the Inns of Court; who fitting as the Benchers do in the Inns of Courts at their Moots, they hear and argue the Cafe. In the Term Time, the only Exercifes of Learning, are Arguing and Debating Cafes after Dinner, and Mooting after Supper, in the fame Manner as in the Vacations. The Time between the Learning Vacations and Terms is called the Mean Vocation ; during which Time, every Day after Dinner, Cafes are argued as at other Times: And, after Supper, Moots are brought in, and pleaded by the Inner Barrif’ters, in the Prefence of the Utter Barrifters, which fit there in the room of the Benchers, and argued by them, as the Benchers do in Term Time and Learning Vacations. Note, That, in the four Inns of Court before mentioned, there are reckoned to be about 300 Students, befides the Utter Barriiters and Inner Barriiters. - During the Time of Reading, which hereto- fore continued three Weeks and three Days, the Reader keeps a conl’tant and a fplendid Table ; feafiing the Nobility, Judges, Biihops, principal Officers of State, the chief Gentry, and fome— times the King himfelf : Infomuch that it hath colt a Reader above 1000 l. Afterwards he that hath been Reader wears a long ’Robe, differing from other Barrifters; and is then in a Capacity to be made a Serjeant at Law. How Set/cant: at Law are called thereun‘to, and deified. When the Number of Serjeants is fmall, the Elefi‘tions of Lord Chief-Judice of the Common-Pleas, by the 33‘3“"‘5‘ Advice and Confent of the other Judges, makes choice of Six or Eight of the molt grave and learned of the Inns of Court, and prefents their Names to the Lord Chancellor, or Lord Keeper; who, by the King’s Writ, fends to each of them to appear on fuch a Day before the King, to receive the State and Degree of a Serjeant at Law. At the appointed Time, being habited in Robes of two Colours; viz. Brown and Violet Colour, they come ; being accompanied with the Students of the Inns of Court, and attended by a Train of Servants and Retainers, in certain ‘ peculiar Cloth Liveries, into Wdlmz‘nfler-Hall -, and there, in public, take a folemn Oath, and are cloathed with certain Robes and Coifs: Which Robes they appear in public with. After this, they feaf’c the great Perfons with a magnificent Dinner; and give Gold Rings to feveral of the Nobility, to fome of 40 5. Value, to others 20 s. befides a great many more to their Friends. MOOtIfig in the Inns of Chancery. Exercifes in Term Time. Mean Vacs; tion . The Reader keeps a con-— fiant Table. Of Elefiz'on of 7udger. Out of thefe Serjeants, Judges are chofen; Elefiing of and therefore it is that they wear always the Judges. white Linnen Coif, which is the principal Badge of a Serjeant, and which he wears even in the Prefence of the King. When any of the Judges are wanting, by Death, or otherwife, the King, by the Advice of his Council, makes choice of one of the Set. jeants to fupply his Place, and by Letters Pa- : tents Chain \ , The Judge‘s Oath. ' v. His Salary. Judges how habited. The Honour redounding to the Nation from this Pro- feliion. Famous Schools of Philofophy, by Privilege, in London. Solemn Meet- , ing, and Dif- puting of Scholars, lo- ‘ gically and demonllra- tively. Grammar Schools and Scholars, their Excr— cifes . Three Schools. .XX'Il. tents fealed. by the Chancellor; who, fitting in the Midli: of the rei‘t of the Judges in open Court, declares to thelSerjeant the King’s Pleafure, and to the People the King’s Goodnefs, in providino or- fupplying the Bench with fuch able and hot3 nei’t Men, as that Jul’tice may be done impart-i- ally and expeditely to all his Subjeéts, and then caufes the faid Letters Patents to be read. And, being departed, the Chief Jultice places the {aid Serjeant on the Bench, Junior of all the rei’t: And having taken the Oath, ‘ Well and truly to ‘ ferve the King, andvhis People, in the Office ‘ of _Juf’tice; to take no Reward, to do equal ‘ and fpeedy Juf’tice to all, (do. he fets himfelf ‘. to the Execution of his Charge.’ , The Serjeant, being thus advanced to a Judge, ,hath great Honour, and a very confiderable Sa- lary of15ool. per Annum, befides great Per- quifites. . And now, in fome Things, his former Ha— bit of a Serjeant is altered. His long Robe and Cap, his Hood and Coif, are the fame: But there is befides a Cloak put over him, which is clofed on his right Shoulder ; and his Capatz'am is lined with Minever, that is, divers fmall Pieces of white rich Furr. But the two Lord Chief- Jui’tices, and the Lord Chief Baron, have their Hoods, Sleeves, and Collars, turned up with Ermin. . ' 1 Now all thefe Inns of Court and Chancery are not far. diftant from oneanother, and do make the molt famous Profeflion of the Law that is ‘ Schools and Hottflt Widening.- inthe‘Worl'di > There'bein to” man” « ‘wa Perfon‘s, of Vfuch found Judgment in theelziiifiii: ledgeof the Law , and- a Conliderable' Number of them the SOns of Gentlememand Perfon's (if @alitp » . , i '- '~ 3' 5 . The Moorings, or Difputations in the Inns of Court. and:Chantery, have long been dropped, only Danhy Pickering, of Grey’s-Inn, Efq; has v04 luntarily refumed Difputations of the like-'l‘lhé ture in' that Houfe. ' . . " The Chriflmas Revels in the now difufe’c‘li] .r " . » .- There are, in and about -'t‘his'farnous City, other public Schools, Colleges, and Places er Literature , all which {hall be taken Notice'of in their proper; Places in which they are feared, and partly in the following Chapters. Infomuch that London may not unfitly be {tiled'an Univerfi: ty, fince that in it. are taught all the liberal Arts and Sciences, befides the 'P‘rofeliion of‘the common Laws of the'Nation: A Thing that can fcarcely be Ifaid of any other City in' Eu! rope. ' . Moreover, all Languages; alfo Geography, Hydrography, AftronOmy, Navigation, Forti? fication, Geometry, Mufic, Logic, Rhetoric, Chymiftry, Painting, Horfemanfhip, Fencing ; and, indeed, all; other Things both Military and Civil, that may in any \Nay contribute to the Accomplifhm‘ent of a Gentleman, are here taught.] , " " ' Temple alfo are L c H AP.- XXII; . OfSChoon and other Hon/e5 of Learning, as are, or haoe heen, in the Czty Surgery Lefiare. ,i i I College. Sir Thomas Grefham’s W ill. ment thereof. _ ~ ‘ N the Reign of King Stephen, andof Henry ‘ ’ II, faith Fitzflephen, there were in London ‘ three principal Churches, which had famous ‘ Schools, either by, Privilege and ancient Dig: ‘ nity, or by Favour of fome particular Perfons, ‘ as of Doétors, which, were counted notable and ‘ renowned for Knowledge in Philofophy. And ‘ there were otherjnferior Schools alfo. 5 Upon feliival Days, the Mailers made fo- ‘ lemnMeetings in the Churches, where their ‘ Scholars difputed logically and demonf’trative- ‘ ly -, fome bringing Enthymems, others, perfeét ‘ Syllogifms, fome difputed for ,Shew, others, ‘ to trace out the Truth : And cunning Sophi- ‘ titers were thought brave Scholars, when they ‘ fl6wed with Words: Others ufed Fallacies. ‘ Rhetoricians fpoke aptly to perfuade, obferv- ‘ ing the Precepts of Art, and omitted nothing ‘ that might ferve their Purpofe. The Boys of ‘ divers Schools did cap or pot Verfes, andcon- ‘ tended of the Principles of Grammar. ‘ There were fome, which, on the other Side, with Epigrams and Rhimes, nipping and quip- ing their Fellows, and the Faults of others, though fuppreliing their Names, moved there“ by much Laughter among their Auditors.’ Hitherto Fitzflephen, for Schools and Scholars, and for their Exercife in the City in his Days. Since which Time, as to me it‘feemeth, by Increafe of Colleges of Students in the Univer- fities of Oxford and Camhrz'dge, the Frequenting of Schools, and Exercifes of Scholars in the City, as had been accuf’comed, very much de- creafed. The three principal Churches, .bhn..\ . which had HOOd’S Mathematical ansz‘llit'aty .Lefiure, Grefham The ‘Lefiares-there. '. The Settles thefe famOus Schools by Privileges, mull needs be‘the Cathedral Church of St. Paul for one, feeing that by a general Council, holden invthe Year of>Chrifiz 1176, at Rome, inthe Patriarchy of Lateran, it was decreed, ‘That every Cathes ‘ dral Church fhould have its Schoolmaf’ter, to ‘ teach'poor'Scholars, and others, ashad been ‘ accuitomed -, and that no Man lhould take any ‘ Reward for Licence. to teach.’ ‘ ‘ 'The Second, Ra‘s *mdl’c’ ancient, may feem to have been the Monal’teryof St. Peter at Wis/t: minfler, whereof .Ingan/em, Abbot of Greenland, in the Reign of M/lidm the Conqueror, writeth thus: , . ’ . ' " I Ingalphni, an humble Servant of God,—b0rn .“ of=Engszfh Par’ents in'the more beautiful City ‘ ,of London, -' for to: attain Learning, ‘ put to We/tmz'n/Zer, and after to'f’cudy at 0x4 ‘ ford, C‘ft.’ ' . ' i721; TS. The Adi-rah, tages of all Kinds of Learning in 110721.471. The firllt. Jilat. (Paris)— Every (Lathe: dral Church ‘. had its School for poor Scho- laws. The Second; Free School at W’tflmig/ffl" in the Reign of Edauafdthe Coryfifler. was firlt ’ And, writing in Praife of Qieen Edgitha, Wife ' to Edward theConfeflor :‘ : - ‘ I have feeniher, faith he, often, when, be- ‘ ing but a Boy,I came to fee my Father, dWell~ ‘ ing’ in the King’s Court; and often, coming- ‘ from School, when I met the (been, the would ‘, oppofe me, touching my Learning and Leflb‘n. ‘ And, falling from Grammar to Logic, wherein ‘ {he had fome Knowledge, {he would fubtilly“ ‘ conclude an ArgMent with me ; and, .by her, ‘ Handmaiden, giverme three or four Pieces of ‘ Money, and fend me unto the Palace, where ‘ I fhould receive fome Viétuals,‘ and then be ‘. difmifl‘ed.’ . ‘ The third} School Monaftery of St. Savioar, K k - South-j at Bermondrey in h ware. feemeth to: have been at the The Thing, 1 2-8 Later Schools . Priories A- liens. Schools and Hon/é: of Learning. work. For other Priories, as of ‘St. '7ohn. by Smithfield, St. Bartholomew in Smithfield, St. Ma- ry Query in Southwarle, \and that of the Holy Tri- nity by Aldgate, were all of later Foundation: And the Friaries, Colleges, and Hofpitals, in this City, were railed fince them, in the Reigns of Henry III, and Edward I, II, and III, €975. All Which Houfes had their Schools, though not fo famous as thefe firl‘t named. But, touching Schools more lately advanced in this City, I read, that King Henry V, having fupprefl'ed the Priories Aliens, whereof fome were about London; ,- namely, one Hofpital call- ' ed Our Lady of Roaneival, by Chewing-Croft; one other Hofpital in Holhorn; one other without V» Cripplegate, and the Fourth without Allderfgate -, Henry VI. ap- pointed Grammar Schools. Grammar Schools ap- pointed by Parliament. . Pools School new built. Free School in Chrifl’s Hie/him]. Free School founded by the Mer— chant Tay- lots. The School- boys difputed. Scholars dif- puted in St. Bartholo— merw’s Churchyard. Rewarded. belides others that are now worn out of Memory, and whereof there is no Monument remaining, more than Roanei'oal, converted to a Brother- hood, which continued till the Reign of Henry VIII, or Edward VI. This, I fay, and other of ”their Schools being broken up and ccafed, King Henry VI, in the 24th Year of his Reign, by Patent appointed, That there lhould be in Lon- don Grammar Schools, belides St. Paul’s, at St. Martin’s Le Grand, St. Mary Le Bow in Cheap, St. Dunflan’s in the Weft, and St. Anthony’s. And, in the next Year, to wit, 1394., the faid King ordained by Parliament, That four other Gram- mar Schools lhould be ereétcd; to wit, in the Parilhes of St. Andrew in Holhorn, fllhallorwrthe Great in Thames-fired, St. Peter’s upon Cornhill, and in the Hofpital of St. Thoma: of fleons in W'ejl' Cheap. Since the which Time, as divers Schools, by fupprefling of religious Houfes, whereof they were Members in the Reign of Hem. ry VIII, have been decayed; fo again have fome others been newly ereéted and founded for them 3.. as, namely, Paul’s School, in Place of an old ru- ined Houfe, was built in molt ample Manner, and largely endowedin the Year r 512, by film. Collet, Doétor of Divinity, and Dean of Paul’s, for 15 3 poor Men’s Children ; for which there was ordained a Mailer, Surmaiter, or Ufher, and a Chaplain. ' i ' Again, in the Year 1553, after the Ereétion of Chrgfl’s Hofloital, in the late difl'olved Houfe of the Grey-Friars, a great Number of poor Children being taken in, a School was ordained there at the Citizens Charges. ' ” . Alfo, in the Year I 561, the Merchant-Taylors of London founded one. notable Free Grammar School, in the Pariih of St. Lawrence Ponntney, by Candlewichflreet, Richard Hillt, late Mailer of that Company, having given 5001.} towards the Purchafe of an Houfe called 7‘ he Manor of the Raj}, fometime the Duke of Buchingham‘s. Of thefe Schools more will be fpoken in a pro- per Chapter.] " As for the Meeting of Schoolmai’ters on fef’tiL val Days, at feflival Churches, and the Difput- ing of their Scholars logically, Ede. whereofI have before fpoken, the fame was long fince difL continued. But the Arguing of the School-boys, about the Principles of Grammar, hath been con- tinued even till our Time: For I‘myfelf, in my Youth, have yearly feen, on the Eve of St. Bar; l The abovefaid 7ohn/bn had, for an whole Year, lfet up a Challenge in thefe Words : ‘ If any {hall i‘ take Exception to this my Writing and Teach— tholomew the .Apoi’tle, the Scholars of divers Grammar Schools repair unto the Churchyard of St. Bartholomew, the Priory in Smithfield, where; upon a Bank boarded about under a Tree, fome’ one Scholar hath l’cepped up, and there hath op- pofed and anfwered, till he were by fome better Scholar overcome and pur down : And then the Overcomer, taking the Place, did like. as the full; and, in the End, the belt Oppofers ahd Anfwerers had Rewards; which I obferVed not? But it made both good Schoolmalters, and alfo 300d Scholars, diligently againl’t fuch Times, .53 oglaill to prepare themfe’lVCS for ‘the'Obtaining or ' this Garland. ’ . - ~ I remember there repaired to thefeExereifes,’ among-ii: others, the Matters and Scholars of the Free-lchools of St. Paul’s in London, of St. 'Pe-' ter’s at Weflminfler, of St. Thomas A’eons'Hofpital, and of St. Anthony’s Hofpital; whereoftheilalt' named commonly 'prefented the bell Scholars, and had the Prize in thofe Days. This Priory. of St. Bartholomew being furreni Difpurae‘on. _ dered to Henry VIII, .thofe Difputations of Scho— of Scholars ; lars in that Place furceafed, andwere again, on- in Chi/”5’ "’ ly for a Year or two, in the Reign of Edward HWML VI, revived in the Cloil’ter of Chrijt’s Hofpit'al, where the bell. Scholars, then {till of St. Antho~ ny’s Séhool, howfoever the fame be now fallen, both in Number and Efiimation, were rewarded; with Bows and Arrows of Silver, given to them- by Sir Martin Bower, Goldfmith. ' , Neverthelefs, howfoever the Encouragement paws schbgi failed, the Scholars of-Paal’s, meeting with them larS- I ‘ of St. Anthony’s, would call them St. Anthony’s lemony”, Pigs; and they again would call the others Pi- Ptgx. geons of Paul’s, becaufe many Pigeons were bred “gel?“ °f in Paul’s Church, and St. Anthony was aIWays fi- a“ 3' gured with a Pig following him -, and, mindful of the former Ufage, did, for a long Seafon, dif—i orderly in the open Street, provoke one anOther with, Salve : Salve tu quoqne. Plaeet tihi meenm dzflatare? Placet. And‘ f0, praceeding from this to Qieftions in Grammar, they ufually fell from Words to Blows, with their Satchel-’5' full of Books, many Times in lo great Heaps, that they troubled the Streets and Paflbngers -,"‘fo that finally they were rel’trained, with the Decay of h St. Anthony’s School. Out of this School have fprung divers famous Perrons of Perfons: Whereof, although Time hath. buried Note educato' the Names of many, yet, in my own Remem- ed in Std»: brance, may be numbor‘ed‘th‘efe following -, jviz. gbafij'sl ".sn roan“ Moore, Knight, ‘Lord Chancellor of C °°‘ England; Dr. Nicholas Heath,~fometime Bifliop of Roche/fer, after of W oreejler, and, lal’tly, Arch- bilhop of York, and Lord Chancellor of England;! Dr. yohnWhitgift, Bifhop of Wortefler, and, Saf- tcr, Archbilhop of Canterbury, 55c. '- ' " , _ , Let me add the Mention of a famous Com— A Challengi' hat of the Pen, Anno I 591, between Peter Bales to write for ,. and Daniel 7ohnfon, both Mai’tets in Writing, "and the Gad” both T eachers, of Writingii'chools in London. {$13 Har- Baler, who Was Servant to Sir john Put/eering, [gm' Knight, Lord Keeper of the Great Seal of Eng- 3’. S. _ , land, and whole School was in Black-Friars, made 4 M ‘ a general Challenge againflt all Englijhmen and Strangers, without Exception : I. For the belt and fairel’t Writing of all Kinds of Hands ufual : 2. For Secretary and Clerklik-e Writing :’ And, 3. For the beft Teaching ; and the Reward, to him that excelled the roll, to be a Pen of Gold of 201. And,” if any accepted Peter Baler’s Chal—' lenge, he required him to repair to the Old Baif {51, where he‘dWelt; and to lay down rol. in ready Money, or to.:put in fuflicie’nt Sureties, by Bond, fer the {aid Sum, for to be delivered to a Goldfmith, together with Bales’s 101. to be put into a Pen of Gold. 1 . The original Caufe of this Challenge .was this: i ‘ ing, fuch I challenge, to write and teach with L‘ them for the Golden Pen, or whatfoevcr {hall ' ‘ ref’c in my Ability.’ By this Read, Bales, who alIVCd near him, was prejudiced in his School, land yohnjhn got molt Scholars. Whereupon, at llength, Baler, thinking as good of himfclf, and- ito bring his School in Reputation, fer Up his Challenge, as aforefaid. And 7mm, within an Hour after, ery ai‘rogantly accepted thereofi i 2. ant f l Leé‘ture in Surgery. Mathemati- cal Leé‘ture. 97m. Hood, Reader. ' the faid Challenger.’ and that in moili dé'fpiteful and'difgraceful“Man-' ner. 'So Perfons were chofen, as indifferent Judges: between both, viz; [William Sanger, alias Som’enfet, Herald at. Arms, Anthony Dew and 701m Guillz'oms, Gentlemen, Clerks of the Office of the Petty Bag; George Chapman, Gent. and William Panic, Citi-l, zen and Writer of the Court Letters of London._ The Trial of both their Skills was on Molonelmos Day, wherein yobnfon lolt'the Day in all the three Challenges made by Boles. In Regard of the Se-r 60nd, the faid Judges gave their Sentence in- thefe Words : ‘ We, the Judges aforefaid, mak- “ ing Trial of the Parties in their Sufficiency for Sceretary and Clerklike Writing, by diétating, ~ unto them both together, one While in Eng- lz'j/o, anOther While in Latin, did find, that the Challenger performed the fame molt Secreta- ' ry and Clerklike; for that he had molt com-, ' munly‘fo firft done, written firaightei’t without, ‘ . ing in the molt ufual Hands: And for that. . the Defendant himfelf confefl'ed, that he, for .. the molt Part, wanted the Latin Tongue, and was no Clerk. Therefore we likewife adjudged -. the Superiority of their fecond Trial clearly to . And lo, upon Exami- nation of‘ the Scholars of the Challenger, they gave their Judgment that he had the Pte—e‘mi— nency». > ' ~ But this Matter gave yobnfon great Difg‘ul’t -,. who fetvforth in Print flanderous Libels, and di-., lperfe‘d them in the City, in great Numbers for ten Day's together, both againlt Peter Boles, and the Judges aforefaid. To 'which he Wrote an An- fwer, whether printed I cannot tell; the MS. I have Teeth] J _ , . . p , Of later Time,- in the Year of Chriit 1582, there was founded a public Leéture in Sur- gery, to be read in the College of Phyficia‘ns in Knigbtriderq/lreet -, and to begin in the‘ Year '1 58.4, on the Sixth of May ; ’and To to be continuedufor ever, twice in every Week, on Wedandny and Frié day, by the honourable Baron, y‘obn Herd Lonny, and the learned Rickard Caldwell, Doétor in, Phy- fic; the Reader whereof to be Ric/94rd Fan/fer, Doétor of Phyfic, . dUring his Life. ‘ , F urthermOre, about the fame Time, there was alfo begun a mathematical Leéture, to be read in a fair old Chapel, built .by Simon Eoyre, within Lendenlonll, whereof a learned Citizen born, named Thomas Hood, was the firll Reader. But, this Cha- pel, and other Parts of that Hall, being employ» C. C C C C C ‘- Lines, with truel’t Orthography and belt Writ— C C C C C C . ed for Stowage of Goods, taken out of a great This Lefiure Spam/b Caraét, the faid Leéture ceafed any more to be read, and was then, in the Year I 588, read in the Houfe of Mafter ‘I 190nm: Smltb, in Graft— jz‘reot, &c. This Leétu‘re, briefly touched by Stow, deferveth “’15 {0‘ ‘he to be more plainly declared -, fince the Intent of Infirué’tion of the City in the Art Mili- tary. :7. s. The Articles of the Lec- sure. it tended [0 much to the EdUCation of the Citi— zens of London, in the Skill‘ of Arms, in (Info of Danger, threatened them by the Spaniards in thefe Days, to be able to defend themfelves,‘ and their City, and Liberty. ‘For‘the Scheme that was laid was not only to read Mathematics, but other necefl’ary Matters for warlike Service, both by Land and Sea, and for the better Breeding“ Up of Captains in the Art Military, which were then Wanted. This Praétice was fo well allov‘ved, that, when Hood had applied himfelf to the 'Privy— Council, and laid open his Lecture to them, they very much efpoufed it, and-allowed and ratified under their Hands certain Articles for the better Management of this Bulincfs, recommending withal both them and Hood to the Lord~Mayor, for the Settlement of a Salary upon him. ’T he Sum of thefe' Articles Were, that forty Captains lhould be appointed and continued -,. and, when any of them ihould die, or be found‘u‘nfit l Rooms, by tneszaid Captains; ' Grelhamseollege ‘t ' HIM.» it 7‘ ~:- 1:] “‘25. '.' ' '1“ \ V' I " or unwilling, others lhould be cholen in their That, out of this F l :lhould be chofen, who fhould bear the Name of Governor and twelVe Allifiants. That there ,lhoul‘d be chofen Two-hundred and fort'yfiable Men’ out of the 'fever‘al Wards; namely, out of each'Captain’s Charge, Six. And they to be made more fit. to take upon them the Place of Cap» tams, Lieutenants, and other Officers. All which fhould be trained and taught by the faid Captains Monthly, twice at the leaf’t in the Artillery-Garden, or elfewhere near the City of London. The Goé vernor to have Authority to call together his twelve Allil’cants, for the determining and fettinn down Orders and Rules, for the good Governr3 ‘ ment of the Whole Company. That, if any of the {aid Aififtan‘ts {heuld fail to Come. at the ap pointedTime, he fhould pay, for his Abfence each Time, five Shillings, Without lawful Excufe. But the Rules and Orders,fo agreed upon and let down, lhould not'be put in Execution before they had . acquainted the Lord-Mayor with them, and ob— g rained his Confent. Each Captain to make Choice 1 of ‘ his Lieutenants,.and. other Officers, within the . Ward, Where his Charge lay. All Officers to. be Freemen of the City, and of honefl Reputation, and to be allowed of by the Governor and Add? tants, or the greater Number. Thadif. any .of , the forty Captains ‘bepabfent from the Training, Place upon the ufual Day, he fliould ay, for each Time’s Abfehce, five. Shillings, an ' every other of the faid Number of Two-hundred, and forty, that lhould be abfent, or want Furhlture, to pay two Shillings and Sixpence. Lafily, the Reading of the mathematical Leé‘tLire andpf the other ne. eefl’ary Matters, and the abovefaid Training, to be continued for two Years from‘MclonoIMos, and fo much longer as the Loranayor and City Would give the fame Allowance. that was. at pres lent ranted, Or more. This was figned by Sir Cori/igloo?“ Halton, Lord Chancellor; Burg/219', , Lord Treafurer -, C. Howard, Lord Admiral 5’ Sir Fronds Wolfing/Bom, Secretary -,._ Sirjfoones Croft, a warlike Man, and an old Courtier, anddivers others; i The Salary depended upon the Promife of the Mayor and'City. The Thinglwasvery taking bOth to‘ theQieen’s Council, who judged it to be Convenient, and to the, City. which ear» neltly requef’ted it. .. _ .p p . But this Lefture is new long fincerextiné‘t, and aimed the Memory of in] . A . p p » Laf‘t of all, Sir Thonio: Ciro/54m, Knt. a Merv chant of London, Agent to the ueen’s ‘Highnefs, and a Citizen of the Company 7 Mercer‘s, by his lal’c Will and Tefiament made in the Year 1575:, gave the Royal Exchange, and all the Buildings thereunto appErtaining, that is to fay, the one Moiety to the Mayor and Commonalty of . Lon» don, and their SuctelTors, upon Trul’t that they perform, as lhall" be declared ;. and the other Moiety to the Mercer-s; in like Confidence. Mayer and Commonalty, to findFour to read Leétufes’ of DiVinity, Afironomy, Mufic, and gagging, and toijbeftow the Sumgof‘ ,200 l. to find three Readers,'that is, in Civil Law,. Phyfic; and Rhetoric, Within the fame Dwelling~h0ufes and to bellow the Sumof I501. that i8, t0 CV6“ ry Reader 501. ' ‘ Thefe Salaries, mos Grcj/bnm, amounting in all to 603 1- Odd MO“ ney, are payable out of the Rents of the flat" change, and other Rents of Houfes belooging . thereto. But the excellive Charges ;ln;1”€bmldmg :the Excbongc, by a Model whichl‘was‘ lheWn to; and liked by King Charles II. (which lome which krydw‘, fay, co‘ft nut leis than 800001.} hath put the: .N’u'mb'e'r,'vThi‘rteen of ‘ the gravell and dil‘creetefi: . tag”; Sil‘ 7/50. Cr!— j/mm‘s Col- lege in Lon,— don. The Four Readers to be found by the Mayor and Comma: Geometry, within" his Dwelling—houfe in Biflvopf- nalcy, wit, 501. a Piece, 3:. The Metcers likewife, to Three Rea. ders by the Mercers. and other Requel‘cs of Sir Woo»- Salaries. (dommiflee for (Ire/ham Ce Keg; . Sir Thomas Gi‘zfl‘am‘s Will concern- ing thefe Lec- tures. Com— municated to me by Dr. 3. IV. , , Grcfbamvcczllsge- the Company in Debt, and fomewhat POI’Cponed the Payment of the Salariesgfi‘wv) .-, . . There is a grand Committeé'gfoig'the“Governa' ment and Management of the Affairs of Che/ham ‘ College and the Exchange, confil‘ting of four Al-l dermen, whereof the Mayor is always to .be one -, and Twelve of the Company for the Mercers, and 7 Eight for the City. , Their Names fOr the Year 1707, as I then received, were as follows : ‘ The Right Hon. Sir Robert Bedingfield, Knt. Lord Mayor. " Sir Richard Le'vett, Sir Thomas Ahney, and Sir Robert Beacheroft, Knts. and Aldermen. 'For the City. ‘Mr. Thomas Loveday, Mr. f7ohn Sherman, Mr. Aaguflin Marriat, Deputy Skinner, Mr. Thomas: Sifl'on, Mr. 701m Halls, Mr. Edward Hammond, and Mr. 70hn Cradock. For the Company of Mercers. Mr. Nathaniel Houltan, 'Maflzer ; Sir Edmund 'Harrifon, Sir Samuel Moyer, Mr. William Bridges, Mr. Nirholas Hilliard, Mr. 7ahn Spillet, Mr. 7afl>. Clutterhncle, Thoma: Blackmore, Efq; Mr. Samuel Clark, Mr. -—— Gri— vil, and Mr. Edward Carleton. The Will of Sir Thomas Griz/ham, dated idyll— ly, I 575, the 17th Year of Eli/Ezheth, for the En— dowment of the Readers of thefe Leétures, was to this Tenor : ‘ That one Moiety of the Build- ‘ ings of the Royal Exchange, with all Pawns, ‘ Shops, Cellars, Vaults, Mefl‘uages", Tenements, ‘ 8e. Parcel of the faid Exchange, after the Ex- ‘ piration of an Indenture Qiadripartite, fhould ‘ remain'unto the Mayor, COmmonalty, and Ci- ‘ tizens of Landon, and to their’Succefi‘ors upon ‘ Trufl, to perform certain Payments, and other ‘ Intents hereafter limited : And the other Moi— ‘ ety to remain to the Wardens and Commonalty ‘ of the Myi’tery of the Mercers of London, and ‘ to their Succefl'ors, upon Truftand Confidence, ‘ and to the Intents hereafter mentioned. And, ‘ when that one Moiety of the [aid Exchange ‘ ihould come to the faid Mayor and Corporati— ‘ on of the faid City, they andthéieruccefi‘ors ‘ {hall every Year give and dii’tribute, for the ‘ *Sui‘tentation of four Perfons, to be chofen by ‘ the faid Mayor-and Commonalty, meet to read ‘ the Leétur‘es of Divinity, Afironomy, Mufic, ‘ and Geometry, within his own Dwelling—‘houfe, ‘ within the-“Parifh of St. Hellen’s’, in Bijhop/gate— ‘ flre’et, and in'St. Peter’s the Poor, the Sum of ‘ zoo 1. that is, to every 0f the faid Readers, the ‘ Sum of 50 l. Yearly, for their Salaries and Sti- ‘ pends -, to be paid at the F eal’ts of the Annun— ‘ eiation of St. Mary the Virgin, and St. .Michael ‘ the Archangel, by even Portions. And fithl'ier, ‘ to give and dil’cribute the Sum of 53 ll. 6 s. 8 d. ‘ Yearly, unto eight Alms Folks, Whom the’faid ‘ Mayor and Commonalty, or‘ their Succefl'ors, ap— “ point to inhabit his eight Alms-houfes in St. Pe- ‘ ter’s the Poor; to every'of them the faid Alms ‘ Folks, the sum of 61. 13 s. ad. to be paid at the ‘ four ufual Terms in theYear. And that the faid I VMayor and Commonalty fliould give and dii’tri— »‘ bute at the Terms aforefaid, to the Relief of the ‘ poor Prifoners in the Prifbns, known by the V 'V 2 ‘ Names of New'gate, Ladgate, the KingfslBench, - ‘ the Maiyhalfiia, and the Compter' in Wodd—jtr’e’et', ‘ 501. in Money, or other Provifions and Ne- ' ’ " cefl’aries -, pie. ‘to every ofthe fame five Prifons 7 “101. at the fOur ufual Fealts,. or twenty—eight ‘ Days next after. ' ‘ - And as concerning the other Moiety, difpo- ‘ ‘ fed to the Wardens andCommonalty of .the ‘ Corporation of the Mercers, they and their Suc- ‘ ceifors Yearly {hall give and’pay, to and for ‘ the Finding and Suftentation of three Perfons by ‘ them from Time to Time to be chofen, and ‘ meet to read the Leé‘tures' of Law, Phylic,'and ‘ Rhetoric, within his faid'D'welling-hou‘fe, the ‘ Sum of I 501. that is, to every of the faid 3‘ ,Readers, for theTimeZbeing’, elieSumof ‘5'le ;‘ for their Salaries and’Stipends at'the iwppliial1 i‘ Terms of the Year; viz) the 'flnnnntiationafgthe, ‘ Blefled Virgin Mary, and St; Michael, hy equal ‘ Portions. And that the'faid Wardens and Cor— ‘: poration of Mercers, and their Succeflbrs, filhllr ‘ yearly, befiow and expend 1001., at four feve- ‘ ral Times in the Year, in and about the Ex- ‘- pences and Charges of a Feait or Dinner for " the whole Company, .to be had and made“ in ‘ the Mercers-Hall, in 'the End of every their ‘ (Luarter Day, the Sum of twenty-five Pounds, ‘ and fhall, every Year, give and diftribute to ‘ the Relief of the poor Perfons and Prifoners in ‘p the Hofpitals and Prifons, known by the Name ‘ of Chri/t or Chri/l—Chareh, lately Grey Friars in. ‘ London, the Hofpital of St. Bartholomew’s near ‘ Smithfield, the Spiltal' and Bedlam near ‘Bijhopfi ‘ gate—flreet, the Ho’fpital for the Poorin South- ‘ war/e, and the Compter kept in the Poultry, 501. ‘ in Money, or other Provifions and Neceifaries ‘ for them -, that is, to every the faid‘Hofpitals ‘ and Prifons 101. at ‘the‘four molt ufual Feaflls, ‘ or within 28 Days after, Case. . ‘ the other Appurtenances, 8e. he willed and difo ‘ pofed, that they iho'uld remain, and the UR ‘ thereof be, to the faid Mayor and Comma. ‘ nalty, and to their Succefl'ors‘: And alfo to the ‘ Wardens and Commonalty of the Mercers, :to- ‘ have and to hold in common, upon T ruft and ‘ Confidence, that the find Mayor and Commo- ‘y nalty, and the faid Wardens and Commonalty ‘ of the Mercers, and their Succefl'ors, {hall per- ‘ init," and 'fulfer feven Perfons by them to be ‘ ,eleéted‘and appointed in Manner and Form ‘ aforefaid, meet and fufliciently learned to read “ the faid‘feven Leétures, to have the Occupa- ‘ tion of all, the faid Manfion-Houfe, Gardens, f and all other the Appurtenances, fife. for them, ‘ and everyzpof them there to inhabit, fiudy, and ‘ daily, to read the faid feveral Leétures. . \ ‘ And his Will was, that none ihould be cho- ‘ fen to read any of the faid Leé’cures, after that ‘ he' fliould be married; neither lhould receive ‘ any Fee or Stipend appointed for the Reading ‘ of the faid Leéture.’ ‘ v It is 'to be noted, That all this was thus dif— pofed and given Only during fifty Years. ‘ Then after, the Will proceeds: ‘ That moreover he ‘ willed and diipofed, that if the {aid Mayor and Commonalty, and the faid Wardens and Com— monalt‘y, belore the End of the faid fifty Years to them in Form aforefaid limited, lhould pro- ' cure and obtain fuflicient and lawful Difpenfa- tions: and Licenfes, Warrant and Authority ‘ faid'Reyal Exehange, Mefl'uages, Shops, Pawns, , . ‘ Vaults, Houfes, and all other the Premiffes, “ . ‘ fife. forever feverally, by fuCh Moieties, Rates, 5 and "other Portions, and in fuch, Manner and "i F orrri as before was limited, uponTrufl; and ‘fCOnfiden‘ce, that they, feverally for everihould ‘1 do," and perform the Payments, Charges, fife. " before limited and expreiTed. 4 ‘ And he required and charged the {aid Corpo- ‘ rations and chief Governors thereof, with cir- ‘ cu'mfp'eét Dilicence, and, without long Delay, to . ‘ prOcure, andff) to be done and obtained, as they ‘ would anfwer’for the fame before Almighty ‘ God. That if they, or any of them,‘ ihould ‘ neglect the Obtaining fuch Licenfe or War— " rant, which, he trui’ted, could not be difficult, ‘ nor fo chargeable, but that the Overplus of his ‘ Rents and PrOfits 'of the Premifi‘es would foon ‘ recompenfe the fame, becauihto fo good Pun ‘ pofe in the Commonwealth, no Prince or Coun- -‘ cil in any Age would deny or defeat the fame ;, 4 ‘ ‘ and 3”“"13" {D ' ‘ And, as concerning his faid Manfion—Houfe, Manfion. with the Gardens, Stables, and all and fingular. Houfe, had- and. obtained; fliould haveand enjoy the i. .. Armr~< ~,., . , mm "w‘ A; . wires». ‘2-4”':‘.‘r‘:'.r:€:‘ Chan XXII. ‘ would not have left it to be done after his ‘ Death; then the fame 'to revert to his right . ‘ Heirs, whereas he meant the fame to the Coma Confirmation thereof by A8. of Parli- summit. The Lettures i began in Tri- nit} Term, ' 5 97 - Names of the . firfi Readers. V'of many both ting. _ . s . , . Thefe Leétures are read daily in Term Times, There Lec- tures, when read. . noon, " mon Weal : And then the Default thereof f {hould be to the Reproach and Condemnation ‘ of the aforefaid Corporations afore God.’ The Proving of this Will bore Date Novemher 26, I579- This noble Gift was afterwards confirmed by Aé‘t of Parliament in the 23d of the (Amen, and was intitled, fln All for the E/tahlz’flaing an Agree— ment hetween Sir Henry Nevyl, Knight, and Dame Anne Grefham, PI/z'dow, for the hotter Performing of the lajt PVz'll of Sir Thomas Grelham, Knight, deceafled, and for the Payment of his Dehts. The Claufe, ratifying and confirming the Donation of the Exchange for the aforefaid Leétures, was in thefe Words : ‘ And the Buildings in London, called T he Roy? al Exchange, and all Pawns, and Shops, Cel— lars, Vaults, Mefl‘uages, Tenements, and 0-] ‘ ther whatfoever Hereditaments, Parcel of, or ‘ adjoining to the faid Royal Exchange in London, ‘ fometime the faid Sir Thomas Grey/Jam’s, {hall be ‘ to the faid Dame flnne, during her Life; and, ‘ after her Deceafe, the one Moiety thereof to ‘ the Mayor, Commonalty, and Citizens of Lon— ‘ don, by whatever fpecial Name or Addition the .t fame Corporation is. made or known, and to ‘ their Succelfors for ever -, and the other'Moiety ‘ thereof to the Wardens and Commonalty of the ‘ Myflzery of Mercers of the City of London, that ‘ is to fay, to the Body and Corporation of the ‘ Company of the Mercers of London, by what- ‘ foever fpecial Name or Addition the fame Cor— “ is made or known, and to their Suc— C ‘, poration to the good Ufes and Intents in the cefibrs, faid Writing, laf’t Will and Tefiament, limited. or appointedf] A - _ So that thefe Leétures began after the Deceafe ,of the Lady Anne Gre/ham, which happened in the {Year I 596, and f0 to continue for ever: Wher'eupon the Lecturers were accordingly cho- fen, and appointed tobegin their'Readings in Trinity Term, 1597, which alfo they do at this Time perform, w'z. I 598, when Stow’s firfl: E.- dition came forth, .whofle Names Were Anthony Wooten for Divinity; Dr. Matthew Gwz'n for Phyiic ; Dr. Henry Monntlow for theCivil Law; Dr. john Ball for Mufic; Edward Breerwood for Afironomy; Henry Briggs for Geometry; and Caleb W'z'llz's for Rhetoric, to the great Delight I Learned, and Lovers of Learn— by. every one upon his Day ; ‘in the Morning, be— twixt Nine and Ten, in Latin; in the After— betwixt Two and Three, in Engli/h; fav- _ing that Dr. Bull is difpenfed with to read the Mu- After the Fire , this College made Ufe of for public Ufes, for the prefent Ne- cefiity. R. B. fic Lecture in Englifla only, upon two feveral Days, Thar/day and Saturday, in the Afternoons, betwixt Three and Four of the Clock. The Profeflbrs of this College have been Men of excellent Parts, and well qualified for perform— ing the fame. But, after the great Fire of Lon- don, this College efcaping in that Conflagration, the City made Ufe of it for their Court and Chamber, and for other public Ufes': “The in- ner Court-Yard for the Meeting of the ‘Mer— chants, until fuch Time as the Royal Exchange might be rebuilt. Alfo the Galleries above the Court Yards without, and the Piazzas about the Inner Court, where the Merchants met, were all converted into Shops, for thofe that had been burnt out in the Fire of the Exchange. This Al- teration did for fome Time impede the order— ly Courfe of the Reading of the aforefaid Lec- N U M B. XII. . C C C C C C C C C C C [C C ,‘ other meet and requifite Parts for the public C C C C C C C C ‘c C C C Grefhanifiollege. ‘ and that, if conveniently by his Will, or other. ‘. Conveyance, he might. have afl'ured it, he tures: But afterwards theancient Pradtice was renewed] i ‘13; This noble Foundation of Learning (Mr. Stow The City hath given a brief Account of: I {hall infinuate {ends tothe a few other Things, whereof he is‘filent. The Univerlities Lady Grefham being dead, at whofe Deceafe the is: ffif’fi‘m. Salaries for the Leé‘tures were to commence frOm ers Places. the Rents then grOwing out of the Royal Exchange, and the Manfion-Houfe of Sir Thomas Grcjharn, bequeathed by his lail; Will and Tel’tament to thole and the like gOOd and charitable Ufes, now, in the Year 1596-7 ; the Lecturers being to be placed, and confidering what a Truft this was committed to them that were to nominate. and appoint them, the Mayor, therefore, Aldermen, y. s. and Commons, thought fit to write their Letters , to the Univerfity of Camhrz'dge, importing, ‘ HOW ‘ that they might the better difcharge the Trufl: ‘ committed to them, both in Confcience and in ‘ Regard of their own Credit, as not doubting ‘ ‘ but the Eye of her Sovereign Majefiy, her ho- ‘ nourable Council, and all others of belt Judg— ‘ ment throughout this Land, would obferve ‘ their Doings, with what Care and good Difcre« ‘_ tion they performed this Duty, being a Matter ‘ of fo great Importance to the Church of God, ‘ and this Commonwealth. And that, for them— » felves, for Want of Judgment to difcern of Men of molt Sufficiency in the faid Faculties, they might make Default, and commit fome Error in their Election : They thought good, there— fOre, to derive their Choice from the very Fountain, and, in camel“: and hearty'Manner, to crave the Help and Alliltance‘ of their learned Judgments : ‘And to intreat of them the Nomi— nation of two meet Perfons, being unmarried, according to'the Will of the Tef’tator, of belt Knowledge, in every Faculty, of thofe Four that were referred to the Bef’towing of the City; being alfo furniflied with good Utterance, and Profefiion of the ' faid .Arts, whofe lever‘al ’ Names they prayed them to fet dovm, and fend Unto them, under the Signature’of, the Univer4 fity, that they might make “Choice of the fit} tel’c Perfons in everyFaculty, being alfified by fo many grave and learned Iudgments‘; where.—~ in, as they fhould perform a ipecial Part of their'own Duty, fo they doubted not but that themfelves fhould do a good and acceptable Work to Almighty God, and bind them and the whole City in mutual Rcfpeé’ts, and good Correfpondence,,of like Defire‘to procure the F. Good, wherein they might, of that Univer- ‘ flty.’ ‘To the'like Effect'they had direéted their Letters to the Univerfity of Oxford. This Letter bears Date'january 20, '1 59647; _ But fome of the. Heads in Gamhrz'dge were jea- lous, that thefe Lectures, being to be read in Lon; don, might be prejudicial to that Univerfity, in hindering many from coming thither to i’tudy the Sciences, and drawing'them to London. Thisoc- cafioned Dr. jegon, the Vice—Chancellor, to re- frain, for a little Time, to nominate any, before he had acqt’lainted the Lord Barlez'gh, 7 their High- Chancell'or, with it, and had his Allowance for the Doing of it. ' There were two Things, the Care of this College, in Order to the Settle— ment of it, were bufy about : The one was in concerting, whether the Leétures lhould be read in Latin or in Engli/h: The other, fOr the Regu~ lation of theCollege, with good Rules and. Or- ders. , ' COnc'er’ning . ‘ vetted, .in which of the two Languages the Lee- tures lhould be read: of Reafons affigned, One, Divinity fhould be read in Eng/47h, All or Part : L l - ' And that thofe that ad Tw‘o Things ' confulted of for Grcflaams College. the FOrmer it was much contrO- Whether the Lec’lures ihould be And there were two Papers read in Lag-n why the Lectures in or gaggle, 132. Reafons for the Reading in Eng/{flu .Efpecially the Divinity Leéture. ' \Vant of it. Grefham-College. And the other, why all the other Leé‘tures Ihould be rather read in Eng/yh, All orrPart. But the' Judgment of learned Men differing, it feems, in this Point; fome being for the Reading in Latin, and fome in Engli/h; the general Opinion was, That, in the three Readings in the Week, the two Former fhould be in Latin, and the Laft in Eng- an. ‘ But the Contents of the aforefaid’ Papers of ‘ 'Reafons, why the Leétures were rather to be in Engii/h, may not be unworthy to be mentioned, which were as follows : I. Rea/in: why the Let'iarer in Grefham-College ought to he in Englifh, viz. Becaufe the Good that would enfue would be more public. , And the Founder feemed to have a more fpe— .cial Refpeét to the Benefit of the Citizens -, of whom few underf’tand the Latin Tongue. That there would be more Hope ofContribu- tion from the Citizens for the perfeéting this and other good Works, if they might be employed to the common Benefit of the People of the City. That it would be lefs oifenfive and damagea- ble to the Univerfities, that this Reading be in ,Engii/h. ' “ That the Mayor, Aldermen, and Commonal— ty, to whom the Ordering of thefe Leétures is committed by the Will of the Founder, thought themfelves bound in Confcience to provide that they might be read to the greatef’t Profit. That, if they be read in Latin, fome of the Learned might probably refort to them at firPt for Novelty’s Sake; but, in a lhort Time, they would become folitary, and void of Auditors , whereby Occafion would be taken to convert the Revenue to fome other Ufes, or elfe to transfer the Leétures to the Univerfities, both which were contrary to the Founder’s Meaning. 4 That the Grecian: taught all Parts of Learning in their own Tongue : Varro, Cicero, and Cnfar, and other of the Wifef’c and Learnedeit of the. Romans, laboured to have the like done in the Latin. That the vulgar Tongues at this Time, _ efpecially the Italian, French, and Spani/h, both tranflate out of Latin and Greek, and write in; their Languages all Parts of Learning; whichi hath much graced and benefited thofe Countries. ' And, laitly, It will farther the Efiimation of 5 Learning among the People, and will give them 5 ‘ fuch a Tafte of Learning as not to defpife it, as l the ruder Sort do, and make them, withal, to} find their own Wants, and how necefi'ary it is to ' have learned Men among them. ' ‘ ‘ II. Rea/on: why the Divinity Letiurejhould herea’d; in Englilh,'viz. i That the former Reafons make moi’t for the Divinity Leéture. ' . ‘ That the Expofition of the Texts of Scripture‘ is fitter for none more than the common People, ’ who may, and do, mii’take many Places of Scrip- : ture : And, when Points of Dfoftrine, which they . hear but fhortly and {lightly handled in Sermons; and ordinary Leé‘tures, {hall be foundly and, largely delivered in EngZi/h, with plain Proofs 'on the Truth of our Doétrine, and Difproof of thei 'SOphifiry of the adverfe Party -, hereby, Know-ii ledge will come to be well fettled in the Minds of? the People, fin whom there is a great and general That many, able to underl’tand Latin when they, read it deliberately, will not be able to under— l‘tand the Reader when‘he'fpeaketh it. ' ’i‘hat itlwill be a good Means to beget 'a Reve- rence towards learned Miniftg‘rs, whenDivinit‘y, and the Study thereof, {hall appear to be, a great, er and harder Matter than ‘is'apprehended,by.ma~ p ny, fince many fimple Men and Women take themfelvesto be great Divines upon mere Ignol rance and vain Prefumption. Reta/ants, and other fecret Papiflr, {hall not be fo eafily able to ihake the Faith, and difquiet the Minds of unlearned People; who, for Want of Grounds, are fnared and confounded with'fubtil Arguments, as Papi/ts furniih themfelves withal. . That that falfe and dangerous Opinion, that the Difference between us and the Popiih Church is about {mall Trifles, and maintained, by our Side, for Contention, rather than Confcience Sake, may be found falfe and flanderous; and a true and grounded Deteftation ofPopery {hall be bred in the Qieen’s Subjeéts Hearts. . That it may pleafe God to make it a Means of the Converfion of fome Papzflr, who, though they refufe to be prefent at Sermons, yet, peradven— ture, they will not fhun altogether feholafiical Leétures. If it be objected, That it will not be fit to have all Controverfies, or the Reafons of both Sides made known tothe People; it may be an- fwered, That the Praétice of the Adverfaries, who have contrived the Controverfies, and framed their Reafons, in the Engli/h Tongue, with as much Subtilty as they can, fhew the Neceffity of Writing and Reading fcholai’tically and learn"- edly in Engizjh, that the People may be able to maintain the Truth profefled by Soundnefs of Reafon. Therei’t is referred to the Difcretion of the Reader. ‘ Book I. ' And, as to the other Affair, as, by Sir Thomas Rules or Or- Gre/ham’s Will, divers Things were omitted touch- ing the Terms, Days,'and Manner of reading the faid feven Leétures, and other Circumfiances, for the Converfing» of the meefiors as collegiate Perfons, 69%. I find a Collection of Rules pre- faced in thefe Words, “ It is thought good by “ the Mayor and Aldermen and Commons of ‘ the City, and by the Maiter, Wardens, and ‘ Company of the Mercers, to whom the Elec- ‘ tion of the faid Profeffors, and the good Go- ‘ vernment of their fai‘d College, is wholly corh- ‘ mitted by the lai’t Will of the faid Founder, ‘ to devife and fet down certain Ordinances for ‘ the good Government of. the faid College in ‘ Manner following:”] ? - ‘ But the Reader will obferve, by what fol- ‘ lows, that the Profefibrs,’ ever looking on thefe ‘ Orders to be invalid, ashaving nevertbeen le— ‘ gally" ratified, ‘or duly confirmed, never acted ‘ in Conformity to them from the Beginning 3 ‘ nor have the Truiteies ever called on them for annannn 4‘ their "Obfervance of them, even when they mention them, giving them not the Title of . Order‘s, but only firth/eh? The firf’t whereof was, for a Priority among ’ the Profefl‘ors: This Priority to be 'in the Pro-’ feifors of, Divinity, Law, and Phyfic fuecefiive— 1y; f0 that thefe three principal Readers be Preli— dents" in succeflion. The Divinity Reader to be next the 'Prefident. The other Readers, after the ,DivinityProfeflbr, to have their Place, according . to their Seniority, within the College. ders for the College. 14.71;. 7. Is. The Readers to lodge and common within the . Houfe’, as collegiate PerfOns. \ . Deputy Readers 'to be allowed by‘the Lord Mayor, Aldermen, and Wardens of the M'er— cers. . I 'A' common Table, or ordinary ‘Diet,’ to be kept by the Profeffors within the College by a common Charge. . No Stranger to be entertained at their common Diet above three Meals within one ‘Month; The public Reading to be performed at five Terms; whereof the .Eiri’t to begin the Monday before Trinity Term ofthe Common Law, and to continue fOr one whole Month, viz. the Space; - o Chap. Divinity Lec- ‘ 3W6. ' Law Lefiure.’ Phyfic Lec- ture. Geometry Reader. XXII. of thirty Days next enfuing; after whichTerm, a greater Vacancy and Intermiflion is granted to them for their private Study, and other Bufinefs, and for avoiding the Concourfe of People in the ’ Heat of Summer. The fecond Term to begin the firf’t Monday in September, and to continue for a F ortnig’ht. The third Term to begin the Mann day before Michaelmas Term, and to end With the fame Term. The fourth Term to begin the Monday next after the Epipbany, and to continue for two Months, viz. the Space of fixty Days. The fifth Term \to begin the Monday Sevennight after Eafler Day, and to end with Eafler Term. The Divinity Lecture to be read thrice every Week 3 twice in Latin, and once in Engliflo -, be- tween the Hours of Eight and Nine in the Fore- noon; 3. whole Hour at a Time. The Leéture to be read in Latin, for the Sake of Strangers, whereby the Memory of the Founder may e di- vulged, on Mondays and Wednefdays : To be read in Engli/la, for the common Benefit of the Peo- ple of the City, on Fridays: Which EngZi/lo Le- éture may be the Etieét of the two former Latin Leétures. . . That the Divinity Reader employ his Time in handling Controverfies that concern, the chief Points of Chrii‘tian Faith; efpecially thofe with the common Adverfary, the Church of Rome : And to endeavour to confirm the true Doétrine eftabliihed in the Church of England: And'to bolt out the true State of each Controverfy; efpecially drawn from the Council of T rent, and the late Writers of refined Popery: And to over— throw their falfe Opinions, firi’t by Scripture, then by‘ Confent of Antiquity, and, laf’tly, by Schoolmen, and chief Writers of their own Side: Not intermedling with domei’tic Qiefci— ons, or intef’tine Differences, touching the Rites and Manner of GOvernment of the Church. The Law Leéture to be read thrice every Week, for an Hour; the two former in Latin, and the third in Engli , as abrief Recapitulation of the two former. The Days to be Tue/days, flourfdays, and Saturdays. This Law Lecture, confidering the Hearers for the molt Part are like to be Merchants, or other Citizens, not to be read after the Manner of the Univerfity, upon any Text of the Civil Courfe ; but to cull out fuch Titles, and Heads of Law, as befi: may ferve to the good Liking and Capacity more ufual in common Practice : handled after the Method of Wa/iroe/eius, and certain others, by Definition, Divifion, Caufes, EECéis, Contraries, Ede. To which are added the Heads and Titles, of fuch Matters, as were fitted for this Place and Auditory. The Phyfic Lecture to be thrice every Week, viz. Tuefdays, Tburfdays, and Saturdays, between the Hours of Ten and Eleven. The two firfc Lectures in the Latin Tongue, and the third in the Engli/lo, as abrief Collection and Recapitula- tion of the two former. Asfor the Matter of the faid Leé‘ture, it is to be wifhed that the Reader follow Fernelius’s Me— of the faid Auditory, and are- Which may be ‘ thod, by reading Phyfiology, then Pathology,-, and laft Therapeuticy; whereby the Body of the: faid Art may be better imprinted, by good Me- thod, in the fiudious Auditors; rather than be disjointed, and delivered out of Order, by Ex- pofition of fome Part of Galen or Hippocrates. The Afironomy and Geometry Lectures to be read likewife -, viz. either of them thrice every Week. . ’ ' The Geometrician to read, every Trinity Term, Arithmetic: In .Micloaelinas and Hilary Term, T heorical Geometry; and, every Eajler Term, Practical Geometry. ‘ 4. GreihamaCollege. } . nets, €9’c. Then to apply them to Ufe, by Read-'- mg Geography, and the Art of Navigation, in : ‘fome one Term of every Year. The Days for the Ai’tronomy Leéture to be Mondays, Wed; rte/days, and Fridays, between the Hours of Two and Three in the Afternoon;- For Geometry, Tuefday, Tburfday, and Saturday, at the fame Hour. The firfi; Reading of the faid Leétures _ to be in Latin, the next in 'Engli/b 5 and fo 'fo/la lowmg in the fame Order. ‘ V I The Rhetoric Lecture to 3 The Afironomy Reader to read firft th . , , ' . a a C Prin- A . .- €1Ples of the Sphere, and Theories of the Pla- R5322“? be read thrice every Rhetoric Lee; Week, viz. Mondays, Wednefdays, and Fridays, ture- for an whole Hour, in the Latin Tongue ‘, with a brief Recapitulation for one Qiarter of an Hour in the Engli/lo, between. the Hours of Ten and Eleven in the F orenoon. I) ' V ' ' The Muiic Leéture to be alfo read thrice every Mufié Le“; Week ; viz. The Theoric Part, for Half an tum Hour in the Engli/lo Tongue, and the Praé‘tic Part, by Concert of Voices, or of Inftruments, the other Half Hour. The ‘Days' appointed, to be Tue/days, Thur/days, and Saturdays, in the Afternoon, between the Hours of Three and Four. ' ‘ For the more Order and Come’linefs, the Reada ers to read their Leétures as the Manner is inthe Univerlities ; viz. in {uch Hoods and Habits as fit their Degree. ' i The Keeper of the Houfe, Who is to keep the Place of Reading, Cloii’tererlarden, and other open and common Places ; and to fee the Gates be fhut and opened in convenient Times -, to be appointed by the Lord Mayorand Court of Ali dermen, with the Confent of the faid Leélzurers ', and to have his Lodgings within the faid Honk-1 - ' ’ The Readers of the Seven Liberal Sciences here, in the Year 1631, when 14. M fet forth his Second Edition of this Survey, were, F irft, Mr. Ric/card Holdfwortla, Reader of Divinity, on Monday; Dr. Eaton, Reader of the Civil Law, on Tue/day; Dr. Win/ion, Reader of Phyfic, on Saturday; Mr. j‘obn Taverner, Reader of Mufic, on Saturday -, Mr Henry vaelliorand, Reader of Ai’tronomy, on Wednefday -, Mr. 7olm Greaves, Reader of Geometry, on Thur/day; and Mr.'Ed‘ward Wilkinfin, Reader of Rhetoric, 9n Friday' '- i 7 " _ 7T he Reader has been told, that, before the Truitees of ‘Sir Tloomas Gre/Ziani’s Benefaétion proceeded to chufe the firi’t Profeflbrs, they fent Letters to the two Univerfities, defiring them to recommend, to their Choice, fitting Perfons, under the-Univerfity Seal, and a Copy of their Letter to the Univerfity of Cambridge is there given. It is not there mentioned, whether either of the Univerfities fent fuchRecommendations; but it is probable they never did, or, at leai’t, that the firi’t Choicewas made without any Re; gard to fuchRecommendatiOn; for iris (evident, that, at the firibEleétion of Profeiiors in 159;, two of them were 'chofen by Recommendations from the Court, and not from ti}€ UniVerfitlfi-‘i, namely, Dr. Jldatt/oethwinne, Profeflbr of Phy- fiC, and Dr, john Bull, Profeilbr {of iiiufici The one, Dr. Gwinne, was indeed, ._ at the Time ofihis Eleétion, ‘Fellowof St. years College m- Oxford; but 'he had, for fome Years before; been abfent from his College and Univerfity, being defigned for fome confidcrable Employ- ment by his Friends at Court, where he ha. great Reputation andlnterefi; £01: 35, lnvhfs ounger Years, he was much admired fer his great Skill and Dexterity in Poetry, for his Pef netration in Philofophical DifputCSa and 11.15 KnoWledge in all Parts of human and prophane Learning, Readers Am 16 3 i. {1.312 Lediilrers h‘ow firfi chofen. * defiance Owning/es Vol. 1.13.4 38.. iii Edit-on. 134 f‘ Idem, ihz'd. 3‘ Idem, z'hz'a’. " Athenzz Oxonierfet, p. 756 5: 786. The Lee- turers follow the Manner of the Uni- verfities. Grefliamais‘olleg‘e. Learning, and of molt of the modern Langua- ges, which he obtained by his Travels into'vari— ous Countries -, fo in his advanced Age, for his happy Sficcefs in the Praétice of Phylic, which made him highly valued in this great City, but more by far by the Nobility in the. Royal Court. B‘y this‘Interefl: at Court it was, that he was fent * into France Phyfician to the Honourable Sir Henry Unton, Knight, Leaguer-Ambaifador to the King of France from Qieen Eli/aheth ; and, after'his Return from thence, he was defigned to be Phyfician to the Tower of London; but, the fir-ft Eleé‘tion of the Profefi'ors for Greyham-College happening at that Time, the Lord Thomas Eger- ton Baron Elle/mer, at that Time Lord High ChancellOr of England, “ recommended him in tWO Letters to the-Mercers Company, to be cho- fen Phyfic-Profefi‘or -, and ”they accordingly ‘chofe him into that Profefi‘orfhip: 'He was alfo, about * the fame Time, admitted Fellow of the College of Phyficiansi The other, Dr. Bull, Mu- frc—Profefl'or, || had,-for fome Years, been tra- velling into Spain, France, and Germany, and on his Return was one of the Gentlemen of the QJeen’s Chapel, for four or five Years at leai’t, before the Eleétion of the firi’tGrcyham-Profef— fors : And as he was in the Service of the Court, and in the higheft El’teem there, for his vafi Knowledge in Mulic, it is unquei’tionable he had his Recommendation from the Court, and not from the Univerfities, to which he was an utter Stranger: Nor is itiuflicient, becaufe fome of the other five Profefl‘ors were, at the Time of their Eleétions, Members of fome of the Colleges, to infer from thence, that they‘were chofen in virtue of any Recommendationfrom the Uni- Verfities, becaufe, in the after Eleétions, many have been chofen, that were, at the Timeof their Elections, Fellows ‘of Colleges, without any Regard had tola-previous Recommendation, either from the Univerfity‘in general, 'or from their particular Colleges. But, whether the Trui’tees took the Recom- mendations of the Univerfities to guide and dis reét their Choice or no, this feems plain, that they took the MethOds and Cui’toms of the Uni- verfities, as a Plan and Pattern to which the Graham Leétures were to be modelled ; and ac: ‘ cordingly we find, that the Grdham-Profefl‘ors began and ever performed theirLeé‘tures, in a Method and Courfe in no material Point differ- ing from that of the Univerfities : And this ap- . pears to be altogether‘agreeable to the Intention , i ' and Defign of Sir Thoma: Grey/3am; who, as? he founded Profeflbrfhips in the fame Arts .and . Gre/ham Lec- tures Acade- mical. Sciences as they are founded in the Univerfities, . in Reafon .mufl: be fuppofed to intend, that thofe ' Arts and Sciences fl'lOUld, in like Manner, be , cultivated, improved, and promoted in London, l as they are in the Univerfities; and this Coha 'formity of the Leétures in Gre/ham-College, tof thofe in the UniVerfities, is taken Notice of by 3 thofe Writers who lived nearel’c the firl’t‘Inftitu'A 3 ‘tion: Thus Sir George Buck, in his T reatife'of a ’the third Univerfity of England, namely London, i when he fays, that all the Liberal Arts and' Sciences are there profefl‘ed and taught, he adds, 2 ET here .are many and daily Letture: thereof read, particularly and academically in Grefhami College; fer which Reafon he afterwards, i’ciles Gre/ham-College 3 a little Univerfity, flcademiee Epitome. And, befides, that both the Method of the Leétures themfelves, the Times of reading them, and the Intervals between the Times of Reading, were, in a great Meafure, conformable to the public Leétures in our Univerfities, and in the fame Manner performed, when. the Gre- jham-Leétures were firi’t ini’tituted, is, beyond ContradiétiOn, plain, from the Conclufion of Book I. “ Dr. Gwinne’s fecond Oration, read inGre/hamg- College, wherein he fays, that 4 the Eucrcifes or- Lettures, required of theProfcflors in Grelham—Col— lege, are no other than what are required from the Profeflor: in the Schools, and Lettures in the Col- leges, in the Univerfltier 3 and that as 5 they [the Univerjities] had‘ their Vacation Times, and Recefles, hctween the Performance and Return . of their Duty,~fl; at Grefham-College, 6 the Letlure: ' were read only at particular and appointed Times, namely, when fuch~like Exercifes are ufually performed in other the like Places. And then, that thefe ufual and cuftomary Times of Reading were the Term Times only, is as plain, from. our Author Stow; fer it appears from the firi’t Edition of this Survey, written the fame Year that Dr. Gwinne read the aforefaid Leéture, not above feven Months after the firl’t Leétures were read, that the firfi Profefi‘ors began their Lec- tures in Trinity Term, I 597-, that every Lec- turer had his particular Day in the Week,'on which he was to read twice, once in Engli/h, and the other Time in Latin; and that, of the whole Year, the Term Times were the Times for read- ing thefe Leétures: And the fame Praéticeap— pears to have been follovVed in 1603-, from the fecond Edition of the Survey, publiihed by Mr. Stow himfelf, in that Year, improved, .aug- mented, and carefully correéted: And it is as plain, that the fame Praétice f’till continued from the third Edition, publifhed by“ Mr. Anthony Monday in 1618 : And, lai’tly, it is evident, from the fourth Edition of this Survey, faid to be completely, finifhed, and, printed in Folio in 1633, that at that Time the fame Order and Times of Reading were followed: And in this Edition in ’1720, p. 65, the particular Days when each Profefibr is to- read are fet down, name— ly, theDivinity—Leéturer, on Monday; Civil Law, Tucfday; Phyfic, Saturday; Mu-fic, Satur- day ; Af’tronomy, Wedne/day, Geometry, Theref— day; and Rhetoric, Friday: And this Method and Times of Reading have ever fince been fol- lowed and obferved. 7 There is, indeed, , no Infirument in Writing now left, whereby it ap- pears, that this Courfe “and Order of Reading was fettled by the Appointment of the Truftees, at the firfl: Eleétionlof the Profefl‘ors But there is all the Reafon poflibl‘e to believe, that this the original Eftabliihment was begun and con— tinued by'the Order and Direétion of the Truf- "tees, and voluntarily fubmitted to by the firfl: Profeifors ; for the above-cited Dr. Gwinne tells us ’direétly fo'in his forenamed ninth Leéture. This 'Leé‘ture is addrefled to the Mercers Company, by whom he was eleé‘ted 3 and is wrote in Praife of his Founder and his Patrons; and in fpeaking of his own, and his Brethren’s, the Profeflbm, careful Difcharge of their Duty required of them I See a {mall Book publifhed by Dr. Gwinne, in SW, in the Year I605, printed at London, by Richard field, and dedi— cated to the Lord Chancellor Elle/men and the Company 'of MerCCrS- Dedication p. 3. 1- 1. Serum?! I‘m! 1219f”, firth/Wm: Cancel/uric, eleflioni (ommendatm; rue/lrir flthindeflcfragiis, lefliflimi Eleflorer, przelettioni Alediae dtyignatur, gratzar, qua: anew: feptem dehui, animo fimper hahui, euerhir nunc ago, ES’c. The Title of this‘Book is, Oratione: daze Lone/2m hahztre 2n zedzhu: Grew- lhamiz's, An. Dom. I 598, a Matthaeo Gwinne, Dot}. {9’ Medicing ihidem Pi-eeleétore, Col/egz‘iDirvz‘ Johanms Eaptzflee altvzdexon. Sam. ' ’ Bach’s Third Univerfity, printed at the End of Stow’s Chronicle, p. 965. a. l. 55, 59. and written in the Year 1612, fifteen Years after the firi’c Infiitution of the Leétures. 3 Idem, 980. l. 33. _ ‘ requirunt quad reguiritix. Gwinne': Peroratio ad Ornatg'flima: Mercer“, in the End of his Oratzone: duee, p. 79. l. 8. + .dcademiee’ pith/ice, privatim Col/egi/z 5 [flit fii/o diadmiit, fitnt wacatiane: @juflitia. p. 79.1. u. ‘3 No: legimm/iatz': ac dchitz': temporz'hur, Idem, ibid- 1. I, 2- 1. BY P- 57.1- 32.? P- 76;. p. 123: Order and Methodof , reading the Leéiures how fettled. , a BAAmS‘N . {Q‘v'xwlz‘ifi . we xvi: Chap- XXII. by their Founder’s Will, ahd’ expeéted from them by the Trul’tees, their Eleétors : He men- By Direaion tions what that Duty is in thefe “lords, at We . of the Truf- maize open Profefion, that you have deliberately ea- :22: :?dtfeon- joined, and we freely con/Eated, to do {what the pol)— Profeirors. lie Profeflbrs‘ in either Univerflty do, eit/ocr ay Dz} refiion of tlaeir Statutes, or in Conformity to tloe known L'afloms of the Place. But, were this, Proof . wanting, it is hardly poiiible, :in the Reafon of 1 the Thing, to fuppofe it tohave been otherwile , than by mutual Confent; fince, had-the Profef- ' iorsthemlelves taken this, or any other Method. of Proceeding, with the Diflike, or: without the"; Approbation of the Trui’tees, and had‘continued‘ To to do for thirty,0r forty Years together -, there ; mull, lure, within that. Space of , Time, have; appeared forne prohibitory no, to hinder them. from proceedingin; this Manner,.-~Ditlome" Cen-l .fureof them forthus‘Prefumi-ng; 1;At~,leal’t, were? it pollible to_ fuppofe,that the firll;_.P-rofefl‘ors had: brokesthr'OUgh all the Rules: of Modefiy and‘De—i cency,,to.-their Eleétorsand ,Trufteesgsyto be fure,’i . as, therehappened many new Eleélions in this: , Spacepf forty Years, the Trufteeswould never: __havé- been f0 wanting to themfelve$5 Eas not; tog ailert their Right of: Direction, and :to oblige alll more-:Refpeét to theitTrul’teeslthan-their- Pro-i deceiTors_ had done : ..But, as nothing of this nei-l ,ther appears, it, cannot but be thoughtthat this; rPraé‘tijce of the Profeflbrs was, inall Refpeétsfi agreeable to’thet Judgment and good Liking ofi 'thC T rullzees , and-had their free; Concurre’nee; .with it. Befides, this Courfe and ,Method, asi «was laid, nearlycopying after the ,Cuitorn and; PractiCe of the Univerfities, can hardly be? imagined not to have been agreeable to, the Sen-2 ,timents of the Truitees, and to have had their, entire Approbation, fince ‘the .Trui’tees, as is. ,feen before,.referred themfelves to (the. Advice;- 3 andDireétion, of the Univerfities; as a Rule :for' them’felves, to .be‘ guided by. The Univerfity Leétures are readvby each Profeilor twice in the Week, and it) they are in Graham-College; the former, indeed, are bOth in the learned Language,‘ but the latter, being defigned as-gwell for the Ufe; of Citizens as ofiprofefl‘ed Scholars, are read , both in Englzflo “tutes, fpeaking of theirvLeétures, Life the Phrafe ' ‘Weekly : The Founder’s Will, {peaking of his, ; ufes. the Phrafe Daily, of the fame Importance. Thus in the Univerfity Statutes,;it is {aid of the * Stazum . Divinity-Profefl'or, 9" at: in qualila't fizptz'mand ex- Oxoniwfia, P. poaet, he fhall read twice Weekly v, and f0 of if 'Idm im- . he, fl" Phyfic-Profefl'or; the fame of the ll Civil: 1| Id. p. 14. * Id. p. 11. ‘l 14’- P- 10. , them on their aligned and appointed Days are to l Ia’. p. 17. read Weekly, ll néfija diem Lefiam fad: datinatam Feflumaliquod incident, unlefs fuch their Lecture vDay {hall happen to,be a_FeitiVal Day. And, here it may not be improper ,to remind the Reader, that as the Leét'ures read at Gre/bam—Cole loge, being Academical Exercifes, though ap- pointedfto be performed at London, occafioned their being done at the Times and in the Manner they are performed in the Univerfities; fo the W ord-and Expreflion, appointing. thefe Lectures in Sir Thomas Gre/bam’s Will, feems to be taken, _ by the Perfon who drew up the Form of his Will, fromythe Univerfity Statutes; for the, Words, in qualioet fleptimaad, and- * inflagulz’sfe 4 _ timam’s, in Eaglz’jb W'eekly, whichare the Words - of theUniverfity Statutes, concerning the Time of their Profefibrs-Duty, did lead the Way to ufe the fimilar Word Daily in the Will; which n Word Daily, when applied to all the Profefl'ors. '1‘ Ia’. p. 13. Girelhamsflollege.‘ could be rebuilt,..as is before related. , Perfons, newly elected, to. behave, themlelves withl » andeatz'a. The Univerfity Sta- ‘ together, is, the varyfanie as:Weékl -; ‘ ; plied to each Profefl'orzin particular {halivdlfihii}: the more fully fpoken of here, becaufe it will very much helpto. clear upgalDifpute robe-mew tioned hereafter, if it be: obferved, that the Univerfity Statutes diitinguifh the .. Year » into Civil or Academic; the former. of which, the Civil Year, confiflzs of twelve Months; but the latter, the Academic Year, confilts only of four Terms, *9 Janus Academicas quataor Termiaos com 4* Statuta Oxn- tznet. Wherefore as the Word Weekly, inrthe Waffle: P- h' .Univerfity Statutes, is never’underflzood to mean every Week » in the. Civil Year, but only every Week in the four Terms; fo the Word Daily, in, the Founder’s -Will, may as jufily and pro- .perly be underflood to mean no other than 'QVCrY,D3Y in the four Terms,- .- . ., In this Manner thefe Leé‘tUresbegan-to be Leaures in; read; and thus they continued without anyln- terrUP‘ed by rterruption until ”the. dreadful ,F ire of London in the Fire 0f .1 666 ; when,;thefExobaage of London being cons London' fumed, this College was made Ufe of to lupply the Want of- Shops for the. .Inhabitantstof the ,Exeloange, and to-«be a Pladef' forthe Merchants «to meetin,‘ unvtily-fuch T ime’ as the faid Exchange _ . V After Whlch theasLeé‘tures were againlrenewed in the ~-Manner they had before been: praétifed ; and thus continued till; they had, again been like to ,be in- terrupted in the Year 1699, through the Difcou- ragement-the-Erofefl‘ors meewith from the Truf- tees, who, under Pretence of. a great Debt they had run into. by rebuilding the Royal—Exchange, in' the furiipt'uoLis Manner ”it ~"now appears, thought it good to flop the;l?rofe{l'ors Salaries; bt’i‘t‘the‘y, however, did not think this a fufiici— "ent Reafon to omit their Duty, but continued in the Difcharge'of it, notwithl’tanding this, great Difficulty tliey‘had .to encounter with ; the Par- ticulars of Which Matter are as follows : ‘ ' .. ' ‘I‘n the Month of Aagufl-i699, a grand Coins _ z _ Proft'ilorsSa- mittee forhGire/ly'am Affairs was fumr’noned; to laries {topped 'meet, and the ProfelTors directed to give V‘their W the Tml‘ SSS. Attend‘ancdf When the Profefi'ors came, the Committee acquainted them, that Sir Tlo'olaas Tl-E‘refloam’s Giffi‘had‘ greatly .run' ' them into Debt ; that the Expence , of rebuilding the Edeloaage, -to~do' which-they Were forced to take up great Sums sofeyMone‘y Upon Interefi, "w as follgreat, and the Idébmey'ofthe Eta-57522713 ’fo {malll' the ' Trade thereoflbeing . greatly fallen of, that-the prefent Profits of the Exclo‘an'ge Were lei’s’ than ‘the Interel’tfofv‘the Moneyborrtmed to rebuild it, ‘wherebylh’ere' was no Revenue left to main; '-tain and fupport the UfeS’Of 1 Sir Thomas Gre-a Law-ProfelTor, of the * ,Geometry+Profefl’or, fl; of ,the T Rhetoric~Profefl70r, 8c. and all of knots W'ill',~'-‘-”wherefore they were not in any Condition to p‘ay‘the Profeilors Salaries any longer, nor"--'any more could- ~ber~ at any Expence in repairing the College, though they had ever, before that,‘~ kept in Confia‘ht Repair bOth‘ the public‘Rooms- ofthe College and the private Apartments of - thefifeveral Profefl‘ors.- The ‘Pro— . feiTors ufed all poliible Endeavours, in the” melt refpeétful Manner, (to- prevailwuh the Truf’tees to . recede :from,,;the~fe :Refolutiqns, but Without Succefs, tillv;the_. followingYear- they were-forced to, apply to-Council, t_0 advviifemhem'whaepro- per Courie to take to obtain; Redrefs: ’The Council theyapplied to, 'were the then Attor- ney-General; ,Sirf/oomasfrewor, now Lord Tre- xuor, and Mr. HearyPool , to whomthey gave a' {hor't St‘at‘e‘bfi their Cafe in Subi’cafiCC; as follows: ' ““ " . ’ .. . Sir Thomas Gore/loam, by'Will made I 575., left They advil'e One Moiety of the Exchange; fife. to the Cl‘Y of With Couxfll. London, to the'vr'Intent"thatr'theyperform’ certain , p ' ' 2 Paymentsmentioned in his Will ;' ”and the other ._.. . ' * ‘Te/iamar inwicem, mo: con/alt?) pracribm, ”Oh/1307”! fifoiPW‘; ‘ Wad alterutrd if! Affldlmié 'Profeflore: Raga, 0911”” deient fcripto, roe] smart/61:72: ratio. Gwinne’: Oratiom’: due, p. 78. l. , £5, 0 v x I- 9 {MM m ' Morety 13-6 gig-nono- Prefer a Bill in Chancery againfl their Twitter, Greiham-College. Moiety thereof to the Company of Mercers, on the fame Confidence and Truii. , One of thefe Payments direéted by the Will was, that the City Ihould find four Leéturers in Divinity, Geo- metry, Altronomy, and Mufic, for ever, and pay them, yearly, fifty Pounds a-piece : And that the Mercers likewife find three Leéturers. for ever in Civil Law, Phyfic, and Rhetoric, and pay them alfo fifty Pounds a-piece. As to his Man- fion-Houfe, with the Gardens, Stables, and Ap- purtenances, {da- the Will directs the fame to be and remain to the faid City and Company, upon Truft and Confidence that they permit and fuf- _ fer the feven Readers aforefaid there to inha- bit, and have the Ufe thereof, to Ptudy and read the faid Leétures Dail : And the next Year an Aét of Parliament paiied for the better perform- ing this Will. The City and Company have accordingly enjoyed this Gift, and have nomi— nated the Readers, paid the Salaries, and kept the College in Repair ever fince, till of late; which they now refufe to do, alledging, that they were at a vait Charge in rebuildin the Exchange, and had borrowed vai’t Sums to o it ; and that, the Interefl: thereof beingfirfi paid, the clear Profits of the Exchange, lisfc. will not pay the Salaries and other Payments appointed. The . Trui’tees farther pretend, that the Ground Sir Thomas built the Exchange on, was not his own Ground. On facing their Cafe after- this Man- ner, the Profeffors made thefe Qleries, and re— , ceived the following Advice : ‘ The firi’t Chieftion is, fuppofing they, the ‘ Truftees, have borrowed Money to build, ‘ whether they, enjoying the Rents and Profits ‘ as they do, under the Will fo confirmed by ‘ Aét of Parliament, and the Aft for rebuild- ‘ ing the City not appointing in what Manner ‘ the Exchange fhould be rebuilt, are not bound ‘ in all Events to pay the feven Salaries and the C ‘ other Charities yearly, and whether they can be now admitted to controvert the Title to the Ground upon which the Exchange was built ?’ ' I conceive the City jhall not now he admitted to controvert Sir Thomas Graham’s Right to the Ground on which the Exchange is huilt; and I conceive no extravagant or extraordinary Expences which the City may have heeniat in huilding the Exchange more ficmptuoufly than needful, onlyfor . their own Grandeur and Magnificence, jhall he allowed to them to fink the Rents, .in Difappoint- ment of the Letturers and other Charities: T he ‘ necefl'ary Charges of rehuilding, in fuch a Manner as to make it anfwcr a Rent fuficient to anfwer . the Charities, mu/t he allowed ; and if, after fuch _ an Allowance, the reg/l of the Profits will not he ficflicient to anfwer the Charities : I conceive the City ought to account for all the Rents and Profits from the Death of Sir Thomas Greiham, that {o the Surplus of Profits may he amlied to maize up the Deficiency that is now. ' ‘ The fecond (Luefiion is, whether the feveral Readers {hall bring in a Bill in Chancery for Performance of the Will in their own Names, and for their own Salaries only, orwhether, in the Name of the Attorney-General, at their Relation, for the Payment of their Salaries and the. other Charities in the Will P’. I conceive it is mojt proper to hring the Bill in the Attorney-General’s Name, at the Relation of the Leflurers, 8m. » ' ~ Henry Pooley, May 17, 17qo. Upon this Advice, the Profefl‘ors, who f’till. fought to the Truiizees to give them Redrefs Without running to Extremities, but could not prevail, filed a Bill in Chancery againit the 2 Trufiees in .Michaelmas Term, 1700. This In~ formation was inSubitance as follows: ‘ That ‘ Sir Thomas Graham did, in the Reign of the ‘ late Qleen Elzfaheth, at his own Charge, build ‘ and ereét, in the City of London, a! Building, which was by the faid Qieen called the Royal Exchange; that by his laft Will, made I 575, he left one Moiety of the faid Exchange, @c. to the City of London, and the other Moiety thereof to the Company of Mercers, upon this fpecial and exprefs T ruil: and Confidence, and to the ‘Intent that they ihould perform the Payments and other Intents in that his lafl: Will appointed to be done and performed.’ Then the Bill recites the feveral Payments cf Salaries and other Charities mentioned in the Will, and pro— ceeds :. ‘ That the Overplus of the Rents and -‘ Profits of- the Premifesy above all the Pay- ments thereout appointed, to ifl‘ue by the faid Will, would foon abundantly recompenfe fuch Charge and Trouble as the Trui’tees ihould be at. And as to his Manfion-Houfe, now com- monly called Graham-College, he gave that and all the Appurtenances thereto belongin , to the faid City‘and Company, to have an hold upon this 'e‘ttprefs Trulhand Confidence, that they ihould permit the {aid feven Leéturers to have the Occupation of all his faid Ma’nfion- Houfe, vffic. for them and every of them there to inhabit, Rudy, and read, 55c. That the {aid Trui’tees did pay the faid Salaries and other Charities until the 2 5th Day of March, 1699 -, but, fince that Time, have flopped any farther l ‘ ¢ ¢ ‘ 6 C ‘i C fors are in Arrear from the ihid 25th of March 1699, to the prefent Ofloher 1700; although Application has been feveral Times made of late to the T ruitees for the Payment of the F ounder’s Will has been earnefily prefl‘ed upon them, the Anfwer, was, 7' here was no Alone} to make good the [aid Salaries, 69’s. on which Pre- tence the Trui’tees do abfolutely refufe to per- form the Will of the {aid Tefiator, by paying and Profits of the Premifes devifed to them, to their own refpeéiive Ufes; :and their Pretente for this Want of Money, is, that, the Royal Exchange, and other-flppurtenances devifed to them in the [aid M1], were hurnt in the Fire of London; that they rehuilt the fame at a vajl Expence, harrowing Money for that Purpofe ; that the whole Incomes and Profits _ arijing from. the Exchange, thus réhuilt, do not an/wer the Mo- ney that was horrowed to rehuild the fame ; al- though, were this true, the fame ought not to for that—there wasno Neceflity for them to ex- pend fuch vafl: Sums in outward Magnificence ; and, befides, they had, for above an hundred Years, enjoyed all the Rents and Profits of the Premii'es, being a very great Revenue much a- bove the faid Payments charged on the fame : Befides, had not the Trufiees thought it» for their Advantage and f0 had refufed to re- build the fame, fubjeét to the Truits and Pay- ments in the Teftator’s Will, fome other Ways and Means would have been found out and provided for the Rebuilding, without defeating the feveral Payments appointed; and of this the Trufiees are To fenfible, that they have, ‘ ever fince the Fire of London, continued to ‘ pay the fame,- and, but lately, as is before‘fet ‘ forth, {topped Payment, and for fome farther ‘ Colour to make this Stop, do pretend, that, ‘ hy a late Ah? of Parliament, for the Relief of ‘ Orphans, Sec. the Revenues of the City are ap- ‘ propriated to anfwer for ever a Fund of 8000 l. ‘. a 2’ ear to pay the/e Orphans Dehts, &c. which 1is ‘ on y ‘ ‘ € C ‘ C t S ‘ S c e ‘. c C S t e ‘ c ‘ e c C ‘ S c Q t c ‘ c c 6 G 6 e c t G t s c e t t e e s e e 5 Payment; whereby the Salaries of the Profef-e prejudice the Payment. of the faid Salaries, fife. . Subi’tance of this Bill. ' {aid Salaries ; and, when the Performance of the ' the faid Salaries, but do convert the Rents ‘ (Zhafh Payment of the Salaries ordered in Part. Bill for re- building Gre— [ham-College, brought into Parliament. Carried in the Com- mons, rejeél— ed in the Lords Houfe. )(Iill: only a Pretence to defeat the‘Founder’s Will. C C ‘ the Profefl'ors, 8c. for that not the whole Be- " nefafiion of Sir Thoma: Graham, but only the ‘ Surplus of it, after paying the Ufes of the ‘ Will, can be called or taken to be Part of the ‘ Revenue of the City. And {0 bent are the ‘ Trui’tees to defeat the Will of the Teftator, ‘ that, though by his faid Will his Manfiom ‘ Houfe is exprefsly appointed for the Inhabita4 ‘ tion of the faid feven Readers, yet, to force ‘ the Readers from thence, they have let the ‘ faid Houfe run to Ruin, and refufe to repair ‘ the fame. All which Refufal of paying. the Sa- ‘ laries, 83c. and of repairing the Manfion- ‘ Houfe, is againfi‘: all Equity and good Con- ‘ fcience, and direétly againl’t theWill and Mean— ‘ ing of the Teltator aforefaid, and a Breach of ‘ the Trui’t repofed by the faid Will in them. To ‘ the End, therefore, that the faid Trul’tees may ‘ anfwer the Premifes, and be decreed to make ‘ good the Salaries,» 8c. and to pay the Arrear, ‘ and to put the faid Manfion-Houfe, and keep ‘ the fame in Repair : The Lord, Chancellor is ‘ prayed to grant his Writ of Subpoena to the ‘ pear, 55c? _ The Confequence of filing this Bill was, that not long after the Trui’cees met and direéted the 'Profelfors to attend, and, at their Meeting, or- dered the Payment of one Year’s Salary; tellin them, that they would, in convenient Time, thig- charge the remaining Part of the Arrear, where- upon all Proceedings in. Chancery were fufpend— ed : The Truitees faid, likewife, that they had a Propofal to make for the mutual Advantage both of the Truliees and Profelfors, to which they de- fired the Concurrence of the Profefl'ors : Which Propofal was to bring in a Bill in Parliament for the Rebuildin of Gre/ham-College into a Square, to be let out or Rent, for ‘the Ufe and Advan- tage of the Truitees, and providing Houfes more commodious for the Profelfors than the Lodg— ings they now enjoy; and to this Propofal all the Profeffors, fave one, gave their Confent, and ac— cordingly the Bill was brought into the Houfe of Commons in 1701, and carried there ; but, at the fecond Reading in the Home of Lords, it was rejeéted upon the Petition of Dr. Robert Hooks, Geometry Profefl‘or, who had before denled his Confent to it. The Contents of this intended Act of Parliament, of which Mention only has been made, were as follows : In the Preamble it fets forth, ‘ That the Royal Exchange was given ‘ to the Trultees in Trul’t, to pay‘out fix-hun- dred and three Pounds, fix Shillings, and eight Pence, per Ann. That this Exchange was burnt down in the great Fire of London, and fo no Revenue left to pay the annual Charge : That the Trufltees rebuilt the Exchange at the Ex- pence of eighty-thoufand Pounds, or there— abouts, and the Trul‘tees lofe, thereby, more than two-thoufand Pounds yearly, the Trade of the Exchange decrealing, and many of the Shops fianding empty, although confiderable Abatements have been made to encourage Te- nants : That Graham-College is grown old and ruinous, and the Repairs thereof have been ye- ry expenfive; but the faid College {landing upon a confiderable (hiantity of Ground, and great Part of it lying wai’te, good improve- ‘ ment may be made by rebuilding it : That ‘ the Trul’tees and Profell'ors are agreed upon a ‘ Scheme of building feven convenient Houfes ‘ for the Leé‘turers, and a public Hall, and like- ‘ wife Almsvhoul‘es, in a more airy and conveni- ‘ ent Place for the Aims-folks. Wherefore they 6 6 ‘ 6 ¢ ‘ ‘ ¢ ‘ ‘ C 6 6 S S 6 - *‘ A Plot of the intended Building is annexed to the A61. Since this Aft cannot affeél: the Salaries due to . Truf’tees, commanding them perfonally to ap- , Grelham-Ciolle‘ge. ‘ pray, that it may be enaéted, That it ‘ lawful to pull down the old College, £32122; ‘ to convert the Materials to their Own Ufe ’- ‘ and alfo to let and difpofe all, or any Part of ‘ the Ground belonging to the faid College, ex- ‘ cept fuch Part as the Leé‘turers Houfes and ‘ Hall are agreed to be built upon: Provided, ‘ however, that the Leeturers Houfes and Hall ‘ be built in the Manner * fpecified ; and that all ‘ thofe new Buildings be liable, together with the ‘ Royal Exchange, &c. in the firl’t Place, and be- ‘ fore all other Charges, to the Payment of the ‘ Ufes of Sir Thomas Grefliam’s Will; and that ‘ all the Arrears due to the Leé’turers, {9%. be ‘ fully paid, clear of all Taxes, either now affef- ‘ fed, or to be ever hereafter afl‘efl‘ed ; and that no ‘ Stoppage {hall be made of the {aid Payments ‘ for the future, on Account of rebuilding the ‘ Exchange, or otherwife howfoewr. And that ‘ the Trui’tees {hall fupport, maintain, and repair, ‘ at their own Colts and Charges, the faid Hall ‘ and Lecturers Houfes, {9%. as often as Occafi~ ‘ on lhall be 5 and that the Trultees fhall, on a- ‘ ny Vacancy of a Leéturer forethe future, come ‘ to a Choice within two Months.’ The Bill being thus loll: in the Houfe of Lords, upon the Petition of Dr. Haohc, the Geometry Profelfor, the Trufiees were much offended, and thereforewent no farther in clearing the Arrears due to the Profelfors, than the abovementioned Payment of the Year’s Salary, and laid. alide this Projeét of rebuilding, until the Death of Dr. Hoake, which happened within a Year or two af- ter -, foon after which, the Trul’tees again refumed their Defign of bringing in their Bill into Parliar ment, as hoping now for better Succefs, when the main Oppofer of it was dead ; and then again they defired the Profeli'ors Conlbnt and Concur-. rence, which they readily had ; and accordingly, in the Year 1 703-4, they brought into theHouf‘e of Lords the fame Bill as before, where it paired, but with the following Claufe added, ‘ Provided ‘ always, that no Perfon fhall hereafter be capa- ‘ ble of being chofen a Leéturer upon any Va- ‘ cancy, except he be a Graduate in one of the ‘ Univerfities of this Kingdom.’ There was like- wife added a Penalty to the Bill, namely, ‘ That ‘ the Trufitees fhould be obliged and required to ‘ build thefe Houfes, Hall, and Alms-houfes‘, for ‘ the Leéturers and Alms-folks, within five Years ‘ from the Falling of this Act, upon the Penalty ‘ of two thoufand Pounds, to be forfeited to her ‘ Majel’ty, her Heirs, _ or Succelfors, 65c? But, when this Bill came dOWn to the Houfe of Com- mons, Exception was taken to this Claufe, and the Bill being on that Account rejeéted, hath ne- ver fince been attempted again in Parliament. ’ In the Year 1706, fome Perfons in Office, in the Parilhes of St. Helen’s and Broad-firm, did, contrary to all Cuf’com and Ufage, afi'efs and tax the feveral Apartments of the Profefl‘ors, asdif- tinél: Houfes; whereas the whole feven Lodg- ings, all which, as was well known, were only the lingle Manfion-houfe of Sir Thomas Griz/ham, had been before taxed but as one Houfe : They likewife endeavoured to bring the Profefi‘ors into the Poor’s Rates, and other parochial Taxations, to fubjeé‘t their Salaries to the King’s Taxes, and to lay other fuch-like‘I—Iardfhips upon them, no- thing of which had ever before been {0 much as demanded of them. The Profefl'ors abfolutely refufed to comply with any of thefe Demands, and by proper Appeals, and other Methods, got them- felves difcharged from thefe Impolitions. The Parilh-Oflicers, finding themfelves dlfappornt- ed, and not able to‘lelfen their'own Charges, by laying Part of them on the Profefibl‘si grew an- 137 Bill for re- building the College again brought into Parliament. Thrown out again. Complaint an gainli the Profefl'ors. "1—38 {Grefliam-CollE‘ge. gry, and fought to give all the Molel’tation. and Trouble they .could tothem -,.for which :Purpofe they employed‘Perfons of mean andribrry Condi— tion perpetually'to attend .theLee‘tures; ,not<.to reap any Advantage thence,_:o-r.even 'torfatisfy; ai hy Curiofity, butto obtain Matter for Cahim-ny Or Complaint, and to give Notice if any blame- jable Omifiioin thuId happen ': 5 And thefe Perfons Behaviourwasiuitable towthe‘Defign they were ifent to purfue, being always, tumultuous .and (rude, and fometim‘es abufive to' fome of theProfeflbrs, during the Time of their performing their Duty} The Profelfors might have taken juitE-xeeption ' to fuch an, Audience, and have refufed to 'read to Perfons fo'unqualified as they were : HoWever, they never. omitted their Lettures on this Account, .but continued in' the coni’tant Difcharge of their Duty, to. the Difappointment of their Adverfaries, :who wanted nothing more than a jui‘r Occafion of Complaint; but,‘as they could find noiNegleét in the Profelfors of their. real Duty, theyhad Re— courfe to an imaginary one,: demanding of the -Profefl'orsto,read;Le€tures on Holidays, nay, of :the Divinity Profefibr .tozread On Sunday: : This they afterwards-Carried fofar,’ as to infift ‘on Lec— tures every Day, in the wholeXear.. The Profef- ~fors refuflng- Compliance With thefe Demands,- their Advei‘faries hadttReceuiIfe to Clamour and .vNoife; they printed Reprefentations and Adver— jtifements, that fuch Lectures were “to be read on? :fuch T Daysi,iriamely, on Holidays, when..they .knew... no Lectures would be read, and pafted thefe ~in and down in the'moi‘t public Places, and by ' other Means difperfed them, and, thus drew many - ~' Strangers thither -, who being? difappointed, and f .not knowing vthe'Ufage and Cuftom of the Place, ' , .were drawn in to join with them in their unrea— fonable Clamours : And among thefe Were feve- rral Perfons; of good F afhion and Education -, fuch, .whofe Attendance might have been a Credit and Reputation-t0 the Profeffors, had they not fallen .into the Prejudices beforeénamed, and .with great .Zeal joined in the groundlefs Demand of Lectures every Day in the Year,inl‘tead of the known Du— . :ty of reading them only in the Term Times. The Profeiiors, refufing to depart from what had been :ever the Cuftom' of theCollege, were menaced .with Complaintsto be made to the Committee . - for Cry/Jam Affairs ; and, if Redrefs was not to be ,- had there, of farther appealing. to the Lord+Mayor and Court of Aldermen. - Complaints more effectuahand purfue them with And to make thefe greater Vigour, the Complainants {elected a Num- ber from among themfelves, to meet and iconfi- der how to carry on thefe Defigns in the 11109: pro- .per Manner : At thefe Meetings they diligently went through the Founder’s Will, to fee if :any Thing was there directed that they, could charge the Profeiiors with the Omifiion of ; and, there . finding the Expreffion of Studying and Reading a . 44117,- they fixed upon this, laft Word, and obfii- . nately contended, that nothing elfe was, or could «be meant by it, than every Day in the Year ; though, as has been before obferved, to any one {who is acquainted with our Univerfity Statutes, .'or Cuf’toms, it will appear to have a quite diffe— rent Meaning. They likewife found Fault with _the cuitomary Hour of Reading, Two o’Clock, . as unfeafonable for them to attend, it falling with— ;in the Time of their Dinner. - ginal and Progrefs of their Complaints, which This was the Ori- they carried on farther, by ufing great Induftry , to get Hands to an Inftrument, fetting forth thefe CGrievances, in order to be prefented to proper .Authority to obtain Redrcfs; and, accordingly, Petitions were delivered in, both to the Court of . Aldermen, and grand Committee for Greg/7mm Af-; 7 When the Term begins in the Middle of a Week, the odd Days are called a broken Week. fairs,” purporting, "i ThatFthe'Ijeétums; founded ‘ by Sir Thomas Grefldm,.:were, by" his ‘Will, to ‘ bearead every Dayin ithc W eek,:.ifbr .'the InJ ‘ ftraiétion of Youth, and.otliers,'. i’n;the;City, in ‘ uIEful Knowledge 2; and that the prefen’t Pro—‘ .‘ fefl‘ors read only in Term Time, nor, then on 5 Holidays *, or in the broken Weeks, and alfo ‘“ at fuch uncertain Hours, that thofe who'would attend were prevented thereby: And: praying that certain Hours might be fixed for fuch ‘ Reading, that they might know when to be ‘ prefentnat‘ the faidColl'ege ;’ deli-red the Lord Mayor-to .fummon the 'faid. Committee ,to meet, in Order to confider of and examine the faid Peé tition,x whether, by, the Will of the Founder,“ the F act be rightlyfiatcd : ' And did, thereupon; recommend itto the faid Committee to give fuch Redrefs inthe Premiffes, as might feem to them juit, according to the Tenorand true Intent , and Meaning of the ‘Will.] , a f : ” 1 The Complainants, inthe mean While, print- ,ed an Ac'count ina broad Sheet, called,yffbe Cafe C L of Grefham-College, relating to tbeLeflyrw there? .In; which they: feta forth their ,_ goodi Intentions, namely, to encourage) Learning, to; fulfil the Will ofthe'Dead,:;arid other popular Pleas; and, at the fame Time, inveighed againi’t the Profef- fors, as ungrateful to: theirigreat Benefaftor, and negligent and Ilothful.in.:.the Difcharge (of their Duty -, and this they fiXCd up in the molt public Places ,of 3 the City, and ,put into .the Hands of the Lord Mayor, the Aldermen, f and of each Member of. the Committee. . On the 7th of 7am the "Grand Committee met, to examineinto thofe COmplaints,.and the Peti- tioners and.-Profelfors-.all appeared: The Petiti- oners had their PetitiOn read, which Was enlarged upon byc-a Counfellor, whom they had retained The Progrefs thereof. [1.91 for this Purpofe : And. the Profelfors were alfo ' heard ‘in their own Defence, which was to this Effect, ‘ That they had regularly and duly dif- “1 charged their Duties in the fame Manner, and Order, ' and Times, ,as it had been ever executed by. any of their Predecefl'ors, from the firl’t ln~ ititution to that very Time : That, at their 13.- leétion, they were, by their Infirtlétions, then giventhem, bound to perform their Duty, ac- cording to the Cufl’om and Practice of the Place: That this Cui’tom and Practice had I C ‘ ‘ C ‘ been never to read, but in Term Times, as ‘ they proved from the Accounts given of this ‘, Infritution by every Author, that from the firit ‘ Founding thefe Lectures, till the prefent Time, ‘ had profeffedly treated of them -, _ all which Au- ‘ ,thorities they citedpand produced the Books ‘ themfelves, to jufl‘ify the Fairncfs Df their Cita- ‘ tions: \Nhereas,.o'n thevcontrary,“ the Petiti— ‘ oners could give :no one Initance, where the ‘ Profeifors eVer read out of the T erm- Time, 0r ‘ produce any one Author that afiertedit to be ‘ their, Duty: That as to the Word Daily, in ‘ theFounder’s Will, ,it was an academic .Word, ‘ and to be underflood in the :Senfe-the Univer— ‘ fities ufe the Word Weekly, when they fpeak ‘ of fuch public Leftures, namely, each Week ‘ in the Terms, and not each Week’in the Year, ‘ and for this they produced the Authority of ‘ the Univerfity Statutes, as well as Letters from ‘ the then Profefi‘ors in the Univerfities.’ The Authorities which the Profeflbrs gave to. prove, that, from the firf’tlnf’titution to the prefent Time of Difpute, thefe Letihires were read only in Term Times, do follow here, t'l‘he'firfl' Author, mentioned for the Proof hereof, was Dr. Gwinne, in his Oralian'es Dug before quoted : ‘ He was, as was obferved, chofen Profefi‘or of Phyfic, at the firi’t Eleétion of .Profeifors, in the. Year 1596—7, and, ‘fi Chap. ’ tures _-, and * Dedication ' to the Bifhop of London, 1. 18. T Dedication to the Lord. Mayor and Aldermen, p. 2. l. 22. XXII. reé’ted to begin his Lee’tures‘ in Trinity Term, _1597. The ninth Leé’cure that he read is print- ed in the aforenam’ed little Book, p. 44, and bears this Title, Pralefi‘io nona, cum refumerentur Lefliones pofl Natalitia. The ninth Letture read, when the Time of Reading came 6n again after; .Chri/tnzat. The Profeliors obferved, from this Citation, that, Dr. ,Gwz'nne beginning his Leélures in Trinity Term, I 596-7, and his ninth Leélure coming after Chri/tmas, in yanuary, that is, in Hilary Term, 1597-8, he could only have read .in the Term Times : For, jul’t as in the prefent Year, 1706, lb in that Year, I 597, there would fall three Saturdays, which are the Phyfic’Lec- ture Days, in Trinity Term, and five Saturday: in Mohaelmas Term; fo that he read eight Leétures only in 1597, there being juft eight Saturdays Within thofe two Terms, and no more, and, con- fequently, his ninth Letlure mul’t fall on the firf’t Reading Time after Chriflmar, that is, on the firi’t Saturday in Hilary Term in 1597—8, exaftly as he fays it did, in the Infeription of his Letture _juft now quoted. To this evident Proof the Pro- fefibrs added the Citations from the other Parts of Dr. thinne’s Book mentioned before. , The next Author the Profei’iors cited was Mr. Stow, whofe Survey was written in the Year 1598, the very Year after the firlt Infiitution of thefe "Leflures; and he fays, p. 57, l. 32, of his firfi" Edition, as he does alfo in the fecond Edition, correéled and amended by himfelf, and . publifh— ed in the Year 1603, p. 76, l. 5 : ‘ Thefe Lec- ‘ tures are read daily, Sundays excepted, inthe ‘ Term Time, by every onelon his Day, C-D’c.’ And from hence they inferred, that the Words, to read Daily, in the Founder’s Will, might be either underf’tood in the Senfe of the Univerfities ‘beforementioned, or elfe in this of Mr. Stow, that ‘ each Lefturer lhould read on his particular ‘ Day afligned him in the Week,’ that fo the Au- ditors, who had a Mind to attend any particular Science, might knOw on what Day to come, and not be difappointed. The nexr Author was Sir George Burk, in his amnfe concerning the three Uniner/ities of Eng- land, annexed to Stow’s Chronicle, and dedicated to the Lord Chief Jul’cice Coke, printed in the Year 1612, within fifteen Years of the F ound- ing the Leftures: And he lays, Page 980, b. l. 35, ‘ and thefe Leéiures. ‘viz. in Grefltam-Col- ‘ lege, .muft be read only in the Term Times. The next” Author mentioned was the Editor of the third Edition of Stow, Anthony Monday, beforewcited, which he publifhed in 1618, one- and-twcnty Years after the Founding the Lec— ' he fays, Page 123, Line 26, ‘ That ‘ thefe -Leftures are read daily in the Term ‘ Times.’ The Profefl‘ors oblerved, that this Author had been *, fix—and-twenty Years one of the City Servants in fundry Employments, 1” had Encouragement from the whole Court of Alder- men, ],and Orders for the Perufal of whatever Helps he wanted; and that’this Work was by them approved, when finifhed, which cofc him twelve Years Time in compiling ;- that, therefore, he neitherwanted Means of ‘Knowledge, not re- fufed Induf’try for the Obtaining it. The next Author was Dr. Hold/worth, who was chofenvDivinity Profefi'or in Graham-College in 1630, thirty-three Years after the firfc Infiituti— 1 Ego 1.16. v' 1 O manila, erunda Eccle my . go, .2. 4 pm quentemfrejiciam, 13/590? 39. .5 See Chamherlaz‘n’: Prejent 480, 481. 1681, p. 162. 1691, p.311. New View gf-London, printed 1708, per tre; integros men/2’5 afpeflu rveflra orhatu: delitni, .p. ' 3 Monui aw: prwfintianz noflrtzm ufqne ad dienz ah hodzerno tertiarn non qfl exorien: figuem‘z: Termznz, p. 2.30, 1.8. State thngland, Fir-{t Edition, Part Second, printed 167‘: P- ,Greihamfigflege, and, as all :other Profeflbrs then Were, was .dia'. on; andhis Divinity Leftutes Were ‘ ubliihe“ ‘ 1661, byBilhop Pear/“on. Dr. Holldfworth dfell: hlS Auditors, 1 ‘.It was three whole Months ‘ fince his, lafi: Reading.’ Again, 1 ‘That thefe ‘ Lectures have been omitted for thefe three‘ ‘ Months.’ Again,“ he concludes his Lefture With telling them, 3 ‘ He lhould not read till ‘ that Day three Weeks, becaufe the following ' ‘ Monday was a State Holiday, and the Monday ‘ after that a Church Holiday.’ At the End of another Lefture, he lays, ‘ he is'forry he is ‘ forced to break off abruptly in his Difcourfe; ‘ 4 which mutt be the Work of the next Term.’ And, again, he refers his Audience, for the Re- mainderof the Argument, to the 5 next Termi And, more, to the fame Purpofe. And this Au— thor continued Divinity Profefl'or for nine or ten Years, with the greatefc Applaufe; The next Author was Howel’s Londinopol’is, who publifhed his Work in 1657, fixty Years after the firft In; fiitution. And, he fays, Page 21, Line 29, ‘ Thefe Leflures are to be read, every Day in the" ‘ Week, in Term Time.’ The Profellors were ready with Proof, that likewife, " ever fince the , Ref’toration, the Leé‘tures were only read in the Term Time ; and, among other lnftances of this Prafiice, they had the Example of the mofli celebrated Dr. Ifaac Barrow, who was chofen Geo— metry Profefibr in Graham-College in the Year 1662, being, at the fame Time, Fellow of Tri- nity-College in Cambridge. All the While he con- tinued Geometry Profefl‘or in Gre/ham-College, he was Fellow of Trinity, and, as he read his Lec- tures in Term Time in Graham—College, ft), in the Vacation Times, he went down to Carnhridge, and attended his Duty and Fellowflnip produced before the Committee, becaufe the Pe- titioners were willing. to allow, that Termly Readings, only, had been the Cufiom and PraCé tice in Graham-College ever. fince the Ref’torationr When the Profeflbrs had given in this Proof, they obferved, that the Argument by them of. fered was of the {trongel’t Nature, becaufe it proved, that Reading the Leétures', in Term Times only, was the original Praflice, enjoined by the firft Trufiees, taken up by the firf’t Pro— fefl'ors, and followed by their Succellors in all Times; that, therefore, this Praélice could be no COrruption crept in by Degrees, either through, the Sloth of the Profeiiors, or the .Connivance of the Truf’tees, but was founded in, andeontinued by the full and free Approbation and Confent of both :’ They argued farther, that the hut Tru- ftees and Profefl‘ors could not pofiibly be igno- rant of that Expreflion in the Founder’s Will, that fays, ‘ the Profeflbrs are. to inhabit, ftudy, ‘ and read daily,’ becaufe that Part of the Will is, at all Eleétions, _ the Prefence of the Eleétors ; and, if f0, it was not conceivable that the firl’t'Trultees could un— derftand the Word Daily, in the Senfe of the‘Pes titioners, to mean every Day in the Year, fince, were they fo defirous of difcharging their Confer: ences faithfully, as their H Letter beforementioned u Vol. m. p. ' _ there : But . this, and the red of their Proofs hereof, were not > read tot-he Perfon eleéted’ in 7 13.9. thews them to be, it islhardlygiofiible they co 1d 127- b. fit down quiet andunconcerned, when they; aw the firf’c Profefl'ors begin andtontinue to, read only. in TermTime, in, direét and, open Viola.- 1 tion of the Founder’s Will; much lefs could they ever have been brought to give their Direétion, 2 Se Mari e trimeflri/patio. Leeiio 4.7, p. 42-8, e expefiaifihm mm die;1 prime: Rerpuhlzm'fit dem- i Pace rue/I'm ea 2n Termini”): fe— 341. l. 16. De/aun"s Prefent State of'Londan, printed T f a d d nlar ed, 12th Edition, printed 1679-, P. 259-, . 1 , - heTalizfii'acrhlgecofreg‘f‘ed :nd fi’nproved by S. W: printed 1690: P- |5«2-_ New SM” ”f England, by G' M" printed Vol. II. p. 664. " t, . or 14¢ GrellianiLCollege. or even confent that they {hould do f0; nor can it be believed, that, had the firfl: Profefiors thus underflood the Word, Daily, to mean, they could ever have began and continded a Practice di— rectly contrary to their Duty, unlefs they are fuppofed to have been Men of the molt profligate and fhamelefs Character poflible, the very Re- - verfe of which they had, as is before feen of Dr. ' Gwynne, and might as eafily be proved of all the other Six. In the Conclufion, the Profefl‘ors brought in the-Books they cited, in Order to fubmit their Citations to Examination, and then called on the Petitioners to fhew fo much as one Proof or Evidence to the contrary. The Petitioners, who had in their Plea and in their I printed Papers alferted, that, at the original Inf’titution, the Profefl‘ors read every Day in the Year, and, amongi’t thefe Profefi'ors, which they afferted did thus read, had named Dr. Gwynne and Dr. Holdfwort/o, Ede. and had, with all Afl'urance, faid, that their printed Works intimated as much, the direct contrary to which is true, and had fartherlaid down, that the 2 In- terruption of thefe every Day Readings was owing to the Civil War Time, to the great Sick- nefs, or‘to the Fire of London, thought fit no longer to infii’t on thefe Pretences, but fell to 3 vi— lify and depreciate the Characters of the Authors quoted. Mr. Stow, they faid, 4 might eafily be convicted of Fallhood and Mii’take, even in what he writes concerning this Matter : His Au- thority was never admitted in 5 any Caufe or Court: He and the others were antiquated Au- thors. As for Dr. Holdfwort/o, 6 he fpoke in his own Caufe, and might be convicted of Partiali- ty, fife. and this laid the Profefl'ors under a Ne- ceflity of doing a needlefs Work, of jui’tifying the Reputation of Mr. Stow, which, till that 'Time, had never been quef’cioned 3 and, the ra— ther, becaufe one or two of the Committee fpoke with Contempt of him, as an old, neglected, ufelefs Author. The ProfeITors referred them- felves to Dr. Nichol/on, then Dean, and fince Biihop of Corlifle, who gives the following Cha— . raéter of Mr. Stow and his Book, in his Hzflorz'col Liomry, then' printed in 05400, but fince, in, 1714, in Folio: He fays, p. 18, yobn Stow wrote and publifhed A Survey of London ‘The ‘ Whole is collected out of our belt Hiftorians ‘ and moi’t authentic Records, and difcovers a great Deal of Induitry and Accuracy in the worthy and hon’ei’t, Author. And, again, ‘he fays, p. 72, Indufirious film Stow deferves to be remembered with Honour : He was a Mem— ber of the Merchant-Taylors Company in Lon— don, and a fpecialBenefaé‘tor to that City, in inquiring after and prefervingzits' Antiquities and Records.‘ He trayelled through a good Part of England in Search after the Manufeript Hiiiorians, in,the Libraries of orir Cathedral Churches, and “was very exact and critical in his Collections, and fpent above forty Years in ‘ thefe Studies: He always protei‘ted, and we may take his ‘honeit Word forit, that he ne'— ver was fwayed‘ by Favour or Fear in any of his Writings ; but that he had impartially, to ‘ the bei’t of hisKnowledge,delivered the Truth. 'Th'is good Opinionthe greatei‘c of our Hifto- rians feem to have of him, ' fince even Sir unnaaaaannhnhaanaa. 5 Francis Baconand Mr. Camden, not to mention 1 He, Sir Toma: Grefllam, appointed daily Readings, and, ‘ others of a'ré‘flér Repute, have boldly taken re. ‘ veral Thin 5' Upon his fingle Credit.’ As to the next Author, Sir George Bur/g, ' quot— ed by them, he' was not only a Man of Credit, but of Qiality, being both one of the-Gentle- men of the King’s ' Privy-Chamber, and alib Mailer of the Revels : This, his Work, he deli- Vered to the Lord Chief Jufiice Coke, and dedi- cated it to him, leaving the Manufcript to be difpofed of at his Lordfhip’s Pleafure. The Lord Chief Jul’tice was to well fatisfied of his IntegriL ty' and Ability, that he, himfelf, directed the Printing it, giving his AllowanCe for its Publi— cation, and, under his Hand, giving his fpecia—l Commendation and Approbation of it, as of a 'Work worthy the public Light. ‘ What Character Mr. Monday’s Work, which was the next Author quoted, deferVCS, is men— tioned before; The Profefibrs, on this Head, took Notice, how firange» a Thing it was to make the Antiquity of thefe Authors an Exception to their Teftimlony, becaufe their being old Au- thors gave their Evidence the greateit Strength, fince they wrote of Things within their own Knowledge, and of Times in, or very near to, which themfelves lived. The next Author, who was quoted by the Pro- feffors, was Dr. Halal/worth, a Man‘ of the firié‘t— ei’t Virtue and moft unfullied Reputation, though, at Random, his Character was excepted againf’t, as is {aid before, by the Petitioners. He was, as 7 the eminent \Bifhop Peorfon tells us, the moi’t celebrated Preacher of his Time, being Minii’ter of- St. Peter’s Poor in Broodjlreez‘, to which Living he was preferr'ed’in1623 or 1624. He was a melt faithful Pai’cdr of his Parifh, and a mof’t confcientious Man ; infomuch that, when the great ‘Sicknefs happened, in 162 5, he refufed to go into the Country, as me others did, but lived- in his .Pari'fh,‘ and confiantly vi— fited the Sick, defpifing the COntagion, and preferring the Difcharge‘ of his Duty beforethe Safety of his ,Perfon. In the Year 1630, he was, . 3 without making any Interei’t, 0r ufing any Sollicitation, fo great was his Reputation, cho- fen Divinity Prefeffor in Grefloom—College, of which he was a great Ornament nine or ten Years; He Was a Perfon that fo {’trié‘tly adhered to his Duty, andfo fearful of acting in the leait againfl‘ his Confcience, that, in the Beginning of the Rebellion, he Was fequeftered, plundered,'and imprifoned' four Years in the Tower, after which Time he was releafed ; in every Part Of his Life being of an unblameable Carriage, and a man- holy Converfation. In fhort, he was, 9 as fBi— . ihop Brownrz'g,r afi'ures us, a molt excellent Preach- er, a melt faithful Interpreter of the Scripture, a Contemner bf Riches, a‘. molt charitable Man,‘ of {triét Morals, and one of a 1110?: holy Life. 1° This was the Charaé‘terof thofe Men, ‘wh'o‘m 5 the Petitioners reprefented as Men of no Weight, oftno Principles, nay, of Falfhood and Partiality. - From thus fupporting the Characters of» the Authors cited by them, the Profefl‘ors proceeded to jufiify themfelves, as to jthe-other Parts of the Charge againi’t them: As to the not Reading on Holidays, they infii’ted on their fuperior-‘Obli- gation toattend their Duty at Church, as alfo on the perpetual Practice of the Univerfities, and of all their Predecefi'ors, who never read doubtlefs, they were fo performed in the Times when Wotton, ,Berewood, Gwynne, {9%. Hold/quarto, VVz'nflon, fife. were the Profefl'ors at Greflmm-Co/Jege, as many of their printed Works [win to imply and teflify. Account of tbe fire/En! Stale (f Grefham—Cgllege, 4to, p. 7. l. ult. p. 8. l. l 3 6 Id. i id. .to Dr. Holafwort/a’s PreeleéZz'ones, in Folio, publifhed in the Year 1661. Walker’s Sufi'erings of the Clergy, Folio, Part 2d, p. 79, under the Title W’orcefler. .3 Id. p. o. l. 3 Ufiq. . 4]d. p. 30. l. 6. 5 Id. iliz'd. . 2Lip. 25.1. 28. 7 See Pear/2772‘s Life ,of Dr. Hold/worth prefixed See ,alfo the Account of Dr. Haiti/worth, in Dr. 8 Va: appel/a, rviri integerriznz', for: C1:- 'ratore: eflz‘: buju: muneris, agno/eo 'te‘zndorenz mflrum/ingularem, quad ambitum omnem {3’ fludz'um meum free-venire wo/ui/z’ir. Leého Ima, p. 2. l. 48. largitor—flwerur—hflmézm, C‘J’r. Vita Authoris, {9’0 gum? Cic. pro Rabir. A. 9 Preeeo eximz'ue—Serz'pturee interpret teleoerrimurr—Diwitiarnm pin: contemptor’E/eemo/jntzrum guoridz‘anus ¥° Nan intelligi: qua: 50min?! {3’ gun/e; ‘72”‘05 mortuo: fummz freiem arc Lectures ', ‘_ L iBOQk' 1.; . a; r. 3 i ‘ Chap. .XXII. is found in Dr. Holdfwort/o, whi’i‘fays, as is be- forementioned, ‘ ‘ He Ihould not read till that ‘ Day three Weeks,vbecaufe, the following Mon- . ‘ day was a State Holiday, and the Monday after - ‘ that aChurch Holiday.’ And, in this Mat— ter, the Trufizees were f0 far fatisfied, that, in their Order prefently to be'mentioned, . they did not comply with the Petitioners in this Point, in directing Leétures to be read on Holidays. As to the not Reading in broken.Weeks, the Profelfors jufiified that from the Praétice like- wife of their Predeceifors -, and alfo produced Letters from both the Univerfities, proving, that there the Divinity Profeifor always opened the Term. As to the laft Part of the Complaint, the Unreafonablenefs of the Hours, the Profef- fors were indifferent whether they remained the fame, or were altered. After both the Petitioners and ProfelTors were withdrawn, the ,Truitees, after a long Debate, made an Order, dated Ottoaer 4, 1706, the Pre- amble; of which declares, ‘ that Application ‘ had been made by feveral Citizens and others, ‘ in Relation to the Lectures at Graham—College, ‘ fetting forth, that the faid Leéturersv did not ‘ duly perform their Readings in Term Time; ‘ for that, if any Term did not begin on a Mon- ‘ day, that was taken for a‘broken Week, and ‘ no Lefture read that Week -, and, in like Man- ‘ ner, if any Term did not end on a Saturday, ‘ [that was taken for a broken Week, and no ‘ Leéture performed ;. whereby the Inhabitants ‘ of this City, and others, were much hindered ‘ of the Benefit which they might reap by the faid ‘ Lec‘tures. Wherefore, they do order and di— ‘ reét, That, for the Future, thofe Lectures ‘ {hall be performed, by the feveral ProfeiTors, ‘ on fuch Days in the Week as they now read ‘ in their feveral Sciences, at four Terms in eve- ‘ ry Year, as followeth, viz. The firl’t Term to ‘ begin the Monday before Molaaelmas Term, of ‘ the Common Law, and to end with that Term. ‘ The fecond Term to begin the Monday before ‘ Hilary Term, and to end with that Term. ‘ The - third Term to begin the Monday Seven- ‘ night after Eafler-Day, and to end with Eafler ‘ Term. ‘ The fourttherm to begin the Man- ‘ day before Trinity Term, and to continue for ‘ one whole Month, viz. eight-and—twenty Days : ‘ And, farther, .it is ordered by this Committee, ‘ that the faid Lecturers do begin to'read their ‘ feveral Leélures at Nine of the Clock in the ‘ Foreno'on, and Three in the Afternoon, pre- ‘ cifely.’ This Order likewife fets forth, that it was made after ’confulting the Founder’s ”W ill, and Articles that were made foon after the Truft came to the City and Company : By which Ar- ticles, are meant thofe Orders which are fumma- rily delivered in Vol. I. p. 128, and, at Large, in this fecond Appendix, p. 2. The Profeflors complied with this Order, with Refpeét to the broken Weeks and Hours of Reading -, but, finding the Order direct them to read out of the Term, contrary to » ‘ll Cul’tom and Ufage, and this alfo- by Virtue-ofafuch Articles or Orders as were never looked upon to have any legal Au— thority or Force, they went to Council, and were advifed not to charge themfelves with any new Duties, nor fubmit to the Authority of fuch Ar- ticles as, they had good Reafon to believe, were never duly figned, or legally ratified; where- fore, the greater Part of the Profefi'ors drew up a Paper, and waited on Sir 51' loonoas Rawlinfon, . ”Grefiiam-Goll'egié? Lectures on Holidays; an gié’rigfiriéé‘tfor whieh' the-Chairman of the Committee; Withitowhie‘h was asfollows : . . . . . 1" Rea/om "why tide Profiflors bane not, in alllPoints," wrap/zed with the Order of the Honourable Cd‘rii—i nnttee, dated Oét'ober 4, 1706. ‘ ‘ ’ ‘ »‘ Firl‘t, We are, at our being chofen into our ‘ refpeétive Places, direéted to perform our Du». ‘ ty according to the Cufiom andPraé’tice of the ‘ Place. Secondly, We are able-to give unquefa ‘ tionable Proof, that the Cultom - has been; ‘ Without any Interruption, to. read only in ‘ Term Time; and, fince it has been f0, we are ‘ advifed to be very careful how we charge our; ‘ lelves, or our S‘ucceflbrs, with unneceffary Bur: ‘ dens, Thirdly, We are informed that the ‘ Ground, upon which this Order to read out of ‘ Term is founded, is taken from fome Articles ‘ which! were never legally ratified, or admitted ‘ as legally ratified, either by the then Trultees- ‘ or Profeifors: We therefore think, that our’ ‘ Compliance with this Order might be looked ‘ upon as allowing the Authority of thofe Ar- 6 ‘ ticles, which, when under Confideration, ap~ ‘ peared unreafonable both to yours and our Prea ‘ decefi'ors.’ The Profefi'ors 'had made Appli-- cation to obtain an Order to examine thefe Ar- ticles in the Original, in the Committee’s Books, . but could not obtain Leave fufiiciently to infpe'ct them; however, when they came to the Lord Mayor with the aforementioned Reafons, why they could not comply, wholly, with the late Order of the Trufirees; they offered, likew’ife, to give in to the Committee their Exceptions to the Legality and Validity of thcfe Articles-or- Orders, in Subftanceas follows 2. 7- Firf’t, they had this to offer, namely, that. none of their Predeceifors ever acknowledged the Validity of thefe Articles, or owned the Obligaa‘ tion of them, becaufe they, from the Beginning,’. aéted quite otherwife than thefe- Articles direct}. The Articles direé‘t, that the Profeliors {hall rea three Times in eachWeek, andvthat on three, dii‘tin‘i Days in the Week -, “but it has been. proved, that, from the very Beginning, the Pro« tefibrs never have read otherwiie than twice, in. the Week, and that both Times on the fame Day. . Again, the Articles direi‘r, that the PrOa feflbrs lhould live and diet at a common T able,~ to be kept at a common Charge; but the Pro-r felfors never had any‘fucli common Table,«as-é Dr. Gwinne fays in his foremen‘tioned Book-v, where, fpeaking of the Profeffors living together, he fays, ‘ they live not together, [oar to loam Com~ mono at one Taaie. ‘ together was altogether different from what thele Articles diret‘t, fo alfo was their Method of read—: ingtheir Leftures g. for none oftal'l‘the Profeiiors have «ever yet appeared in Print; Lectures that have followed the Method directed by thefe Ara ticles. .The Articles fay, that.-"the.vd?hyfic Pro+ fefibr :3 float! foliowvtbe MethodofiFernelius, .ay. reading P/qyflology, than: Pathology, and, laflf, Tine-x, the fi-ri‘t'Phyfic Lece; rapentityn, but .Dr. szinne, turer, read upon 4 the Aphorifms'of " Hippocrates ~,. and Dr. Win/ton, who was chofen‘ lml'16_136, eight. Years after Dr. Gwinne, read 5 Anatomical Lec— tures only. The fame Difference may be feen be- tween what thefe Articles direé‘t the Divinity Pro: feifor, and what Method Dr. Holdfwortb followed in his Divinity Leélures, before quoted; and fo between what the Articles dire/St the Geometry ProfefTor, and’what Method Dr. Barrow and Dr. ima Rei/tulx/z’aafit dewowanda, ticles,. and fo fubjeé‘t us to the ref: of thofe Ar- ‘ And, as their Manner of living». 1,441; . , . - - ‘ um die: 1‘ 1 Monui was pnefintzam na/iram a gut ad diam ab bodzerno tertzam non {flit expefiaflflflm f P - - - ' ” ' ' Gwinne’: Orationes dare. p. 80- ecunda Euler/z . a; . l. 2. 'L Una non ruzruzrnur, in man a frzlzcot. I, ’ . , f. 129 a. {7,723 Gainne’: Orationer daze, p. 8. 5 V1216 Anatomy Leann” at Grad/am (foliage, learned Phyfician Dr. 7720mm I’Vinflon. Printed at London, in 8V0: 1659' l. 2. 3 Vida Vol. ll’r, by that eminent and [foo/lie » 142.1 Grenameonegé. Hoohe followed in their Lcéltures, now printed : From all which, it is plain that the Profefi‘ors, al— ' together, negleéted the Direétion of ‘thefe Ar- ticles .or Orders, as well in the Method of their Reading, as in the Manner of their Living; and therefore could never believe them 'to have any obligatory Force, or be of any Authority what— foever. , . Secondly, The Profefl'ors had this farther Con- fideration to offer, That thefe Articles were fo far from being legally ratified, that they were never duly confidered, being not To much as even con— fifient with themfelves : For Inf’tance, when they fpeak of the Times of all the Profefl'ors , Readings in general, they make 1 five Terms of Reading ; but, when they fpeak of the particular Profeflbr’s Times of Reading, they make but 1 four Terms of Reading: But, farther, they en- join what it is impoflible the Profeifors ihould comply with, becaufe the Amount of their In- comes could never defray the Expence that their Profefl'orfhips muft put them to, if the Direéhons of thefe Orders be complied with; lime fifty Pounds a-piece is the Whole of their Salaries, out of which it is impofiible to fupport themfelves, their private Servants, and likewife public ones for the Hall, the Kitchen, and Cel- lar, and, farther, for an hofpitable Entertain- ment for Strangers; all which Expences thefe Articles direét: And, befides the Mufic Pro- felfor’s Proportion to this Charge, he mull, ac- cording to the Orders, be fingly at thefe Expence of feventy—five public 3 Concerts every Year, of Vocal or Infirumental Mufic, which, if pro- perly performed, would f0 far exceed the Salary of, one Profeflbr, that it would hardly be {up— ported by the Income of all the feven. Again a farther Proof that thefe Articles are not autho- ritative, might be taken from hence, that whereas the Profeifors, at every one of their Eleétions, haVe the Founder’s Will, f0 much of it as concerns them, read over to them ; to which they give their folemn Promife to conform them- felves; f0, were they obliged to any Compliance with the Direétions of thefe Articles, that Part of them, that concerns the common Duties of . all the Profefl'ors, as well as what belongs to the particular Duty of each Profeffor, would, at leai‘c, be read to them, if not a Copy thereof be direét- ed to be given them at their Eleétiohs ; but, in- fiead thereof, the Profefl'ors, though they have fornetimes applied to the Truftees for Liberty to infpeét them carefully, have never been able to obtainLeave for a diligent Examination of them ; thefe Articles then, to be fure, would never be kept from their KnOwledge, if their Compli- ance with them was at all expedited as Part of their Duty: But, lai’tly, TheProfefl'ors were rea- dy to appeal to the Trui’tees, whether they had not, at a former Meeting, fome few Years be- . fore, at which were prefent many .of the Trufiees and the Profefl‘ors now, in 1706, living, them- felves difowned the Authority of thefe Articles. The Truflees, not many Years before, held a grand Committee within Gre/ham-College, in the. Mufic Profefl'or’s Lodgings, about the Affair of Rebuilding the College ; at which Meeting, up- on fomeDifcourfe then arifing, Part of theft: Ar— ticles were direéted togbe read; whereupgh the Profeffors, then prefent, aiked of the Trufiees, whether thefe Articles had ever been {igned by all the firfl: Profeffors, for whether they were le- gally oratified by the firl’c Trufltees? To which , the T ruf’tees anfwered, Not that they knew of; but faid, that they were produced only as Papers that were very ancient. And this was the Subllance of what the Profefl'ors had to except againfl thefe pretended Orders. " That the Refult of all thofe Complaints and Hearings ended in the fair Jul’tification of the Profelfors, and the Reader may perceive it by what is here alledged : There remains nothing to be added, but that the Trullees, not long after, made an Order that the Profelfors Salaries fhould be conftantly paid them one Year under another, without troubling the Committee from Time to Time for particular Orders, as had been the Me— thod during all the Time of the Uncertainty of Payments : And farther, that the Trui’tees from that Time, 1706, to this Year, 1719, remained fatisfied with the Reafons the Profeifors gave for not complying wholly with their Order; for, during this thirteen Years Time, they never dea manded a more exaét Compliance with it : And, laf’tly, that the Trui’tees, upon the Profefi'ors Pe— titioning that the Year’s Arrear fiill remaining might be difcharged, did, after fome Debate, come to a Refolution, that, though the Exchange brought them in Debt, yet, that Iliould not tend to the Prejudice of the Profeffors, but the Incon- venience thereof lie on the City and Company ; wherefore, they then, in 1719, ordered the im~ mediate Payment of the faid Arrear, and that the future Payments fhould/be paid regularly, as they became due. The Names of which Corn- inittee, and of the then Profeffors, areas fol— ow : . ‘ For the City Side, Sir john Ward, Lord- Mayor; Sir Samuel Gerrard, Sir l/Vz’llz'am Loreen, 70o” Green, Efquire, Aldermen; Mr. fi’ohn Gor- don, Captain Batehellor, Mr. 7ohn Barher, Mr, Rohert Alfo , Mr. Noy Willey, Mr. Deputy Tom— lin/on, Major Snort, Mr, Valentine Brewzlr'. For the Company of Mercers, Ifaae Grevile, Efquire, Mailer; Peter Godfrey, , Papillon, Efquires, Wardens; Mr. 7oeelyn Raherts, Mr. Deputy Sorocold, Mr. Deputy Chanoey, Mr. 8672? jamin Smith, Mr. Hillyard, Mr. 7ohn fines, _Mr. William Spillelt, Mr. Samuel Mayn, Mr. fohn Terry. . « , Profefl‘ors, I 720. Divinity, Dr. Edward Laney; Civil Law, Mr. john Commings; ,Afcronomy, Mr. 7ohn Adaehz'n; Geometry, Andrew ,'_‘,l‘ooke, M. A. Rhetoric, Edward Martyn, M, $21.53!? fic, Dr. john Woodward, Mufic, Dr. Edward Shippen. - _ - 7 , . Profefljors, 1754. ‘Monday, Divinity, 'gffohn Brz'gden, A. M. Tnefday', Civil L_aw,;; lfil/z'am More, F. R. S. Wedngfday, Aflronomy, William Cochayne, A. M. Thnrfday, Geometry; William Roman, L L. B. Friday,- Rhetoric, 24hr Weed, L L. D. and F. R. S Somme}. Phi’afirg’flerry Pemherton,_ M. D. andF, -,R. S. and‘Mufie, Charles Gardner. .1 .1 ; » I, Vol. I. p. 128, b. 1. 7o. 2 Vol. I. p. 129. a. l. 68:. ’3 Vol. I. p. 129. h. l. :3. vcomparied with tlieNumeer ofTimes of reading, appointed according to the Articles, p. :28. b. l. 72 iffy. J .\ .(., c; H a. r. '.."(!-. .~.. . l : Vn 4a,... . ._ V ’Bnokfh I, .2\...‘ ., . l Other Col- leges of Learning. 7.s College of Pbyflcians, and their Privileges. KB Their ancient College in Knigbt—riderr- reel. Thence to Amen Corner. The College of Plyflciam now in Wur. aid Lane. _§{}{III: T66 College of Phyiicians. C/Il-IA’P._XXIII. , , _. T66 U/éfuléi/S‘ bf Mi: College. Tbéiricoarter. ( College if Phyfitians. .,,‘ I43 granted a} King Henry VIII. Privileges o ibis Colle 3. Di en ' up e} tbem. T/Jez'r U/efalne/r. College” of Hjeralds. 779237“ Ufi.flreg:z§;¢€i lg'ficatfz'ons. Contentions among them. Dover: Remark lcbflwi‘nz‘ng "toe He— rala’s. Some of tlzem very learned. Mr. Gibbons, Blaemantle £2} He- ralclo-Memoriale. An Order from the Lora’ Bindon, Deputy Mar/Zia]. BEfides this College of Grd/oam’s Founding, ' where Lectures of all the Arts and Sci- ences are read; there are alfo in the City other Colleges, where fome' particular Parts of Learn- ing‘and Knowledge are profefl'ed. As the Col- lege of Pbyflez'am, for the Science of Phyfic; the College of Heralds, for the Study and Pro- fefiion of Honour, and Blazoning of Coats of Arms, and Knowledge of Pedigrees, and of No- ‘ble or Genteel Families -,. Sion College, for Divi- nity. To which we add Dollars Commons, for the Study, and Practice alfo, of Civil and Ec- ’clefiaf’tical Laws, and the Laws of Nations. - The College of Phyficians. The College, or Corporation of Pbyfia'ans, by their Charter, fince confirmed by Aét of Par- liament, have certain Privileges granted, unto them ; by which no Man, though a Graduate in Phyfic in either of the Univerfities, can, with— out a Licenfe under the Seal of the College, prac- tife Phyfic within the City, or within feven Miles Circuit; neither in any Part of the King- dom, not having taken {ome Degree in either of the Univerfities of the Land. ' By their Charter, likewife, they can admini— l’ter an Oath, impofe a Fine or Imprifonment on the Ofi'ender, in that and tome other Refpeéts. They have Authority to fearch and, examine the Drugs and Compofitions in any Apothecary’s Shop, to fee if they are good, and well made up. They can make By-Laws, for their Govern— , ment. They can purchafe Lands or Houfes for the Society. They may ufe a common Seal, Eric. and by their Charter may practife Surgery, if they pleafe: Are exempt from ferving on Juries, or bearing any Parifh Office, or providing Arms or Ammunition. . , This Society had in ancient Time their Col- lege in Knight-Riderr-Street, being the Gift of Dr. Linacre, Phyfician to King Henry the VIIIth. From which in fucceeding Times they removed to Amen—Corner, where they had purchafed an Houfe and Ground. Here Dr. Harvey, who found out the Circulation of the Blood, flnno 1652, built a Library and Public Hall, which he granted for ever to the College, with his Li- brary, and endowed it with his Eltate, which he refigned to them in his Life : Part of which he afligned for an Anniverfary Oration to comme- morate all their Benefactors, and to exhort others to follow their good Examples ; and for the pro- viding a good Dinner for the Society. The Conflagration of London, Anna 1666, confuming this Houfe, and the Ground being but a Leafe, the Fellows of this College purchafed, with their own Money, 3. large Piece of Ground in Warwick-Lane, whereon they erected a curious Building, which goes by the Name of the College ’of Pbyficianr; of which Building, more in in: Ward of Farringdon within, where it is featec. The late Marquis of ,. DorelJe/ler, who did them the Honour to be admitted of their Society, at 1113 Death, bequeathed his great and CXCCIlCLflt Library unto them, for the Keeping of which they have built a fiately Room. At their firfl: Infiitution, NUMB. XIII. there were but thirty Fellows of their So ‘ i but King Claarles II, upon their Requel’tffiiéi menth the Number to Forty; a‘ndKingjfiznze: II,‘ confidering the large Increafe of this City in Buildings and Inhabitants, was pleafed in [their new Charter to increafe the Number to Eighty, and nOt to exceed. Before this Charter home could be admitted a Fellow of the College, if he had not taken his Degree of Doctor in one of the Univerfities; but now all thofe that have taken their Degree in any foreign Univerfity ’are qualified to become Fellows. ’ But, although their Power is great to obflirué't the Practice in‘any one that is not of the Col- lege, yet, whether by Connivance or F avour, others praétife Phylic, 'vz’z. Emprics, Mountebanks, pretended Chymif’ts, Apothecaries, Surgeons, and eVen Women, which often proVe the Ruin of many Perfons. And yet, by the Law‘of the Land, if any one that is not fo qualified {hall undertake a Cure, and his Patient die under his Hand, it is deemed Felony in him. i To this College belong a Prefident, four Cenfors, and twelve Electors. ' The.Prefident is the principal Member, and is annually chofen out of the Society. - The four Cenfors haVe by their Charter Au- thority to furvey, correct, and govern, all Phy-. ficians, or others, that ihall praétife within their Jurifdiétion, viz. this City, and fever: Miles round, and to fine or imprifon for Offences, as they {hall fee Caufe.] . The Prefident, flnno 1716, was Dr. yolm Bate-i man. But for a Catalogue of all the Fellows, Candidates, Honorary Fellows, and Licentiates of this College, for the Year 1716, I refer the Reader to the Prefent State of Great Britain, printed in the fame Year. Such a College feer‘ned very neceffa to be erected, for the better Encouragement o Learn-é ing and Study, in thofe that fet apart themfelves for the Profeflion and Practice of Phyfic, in whole Hands the LiVes of the Greatefl: and No- blel’t, as ‘well as the Meanel’t, are put. And as by their Ignorance many Lives may be loft, and fome to the irreparable Damage of the Common— wealth ;_ fo, by their Skill and Knowledge of the Things of Nature, the Difeafes and Maladies, to which Mankind is fo fubjeét, may be flopped and cured, to the Redrefs of grievous Pains, and the Prefervation of the Lives of ufeful Men. There- fore in former Times, before fuch a Corporation was eftablilhed, Choice was wont to be made, when Princes lay ill, by their Privy-Council, among the Plenty of Pretenders to this Art, of fome of the more learned and better Sort, whe- ther of Phyficians or Surgeons; fuch a tender Thing as Life, and fomctimes of fuch Concern to the Public, lying at Stake. This was praétifed in the 32d of Henry VI. when that King lay lick, which the King’s The Number of Fellows in. creafed from 30 to So. Who Iowa. uali- lied to e Fel- Proficient; Cenfon. The Ufefulo nefs of this College. 7.3 I Phyficians appointed by the Council Council thought a Matter fit to be taken into. forKin'g Hm- their Confideration; and alligned him three ,7 v1. named 7o/on A’rnna‘el, fie/on Saleoy, Hatclzf; and two Surgeons, named .Marflgal Phyficians, ‘ and William O' o . Galley of Marflml and Warren, to adminilter freely about Infiitut. Part his Perfon. And there is a Roll of that Tenor, IV. P. 251- mentioned by the Lord Coke in his Inflifnm. pmaice of There was no Ref’traint by Law for the Ptac- Phyfic when' tic‘e "of Phylic, till the third Year of King Henry fir“ refir"lin‘gd'lr‘l/‘III, when! a Law was enaéted that none fhould by a Law' “exercifer the Faculty of- Phylic or Surgery within the City of London, or within feven Miles of "the fame, 'unlefs firflt'he Were'examined,__ approved, and admitted by the Bifliop of London, or the Dean of St. Paul’s, callino to him or them four Doé'to’rs of Phyfic, and f0? Surgery other expert Perfons in that Faculty, uponPain of Forfeiture " of 5 'l'. ‘foi'eVer‘y MOnth they fhould occupy Phy- Iie or Surgery, . not thus admitted and allowed. The Re'afqn't' \And forfthis Caufe, as is mentioned in the if the filial} , Preamble of the. faid Law, becaufe the Science aw. ,_ ,. ' Knowledge‘ whereof are 'requifite both ' great , Learning and ripe Experienee, was daily within . this Realmiexertifed by a great Multitude of -. .3, ignorant .Perfoqs‘; of whom the greater Part had no tnanner of JInfight in the fame, noriin any other kind of Learning. Somealfo can readno Letters on the Book, So far ‘férth that common Artificers, as Smith's, Weavers, and Women, beldly and accuitomably’tooklu on them great cures, and Things of great Difijculty,’ ‘in‘ the which they partly, ufed S'orce‘ries and, Witchcraft, and partly applied fuch LMedieinesf unto the .Difeafed, as were very noifome, and nothing meet therefore”, to the high Dfifpleafure, of. God, 597:. and Defiruetion of ' many of the King’s Liege People. " ' - ' Yet was there no Society The fin! Charter granted to the Phyficiauis by; King Henry VIII. tion, till the 10th of Henry VIII, when that King granted a Charter, dated the 23d of Sep- temher at Waylnn'nflor, to inCorporate certain Phy- , ficians in one Body, and perpetual Commonalty or Fellowfhip of the Faculty of Phyfic ; and to have a perpetual Succeffion, and a common Seal, and“ tochufe Yearly» a Prefident, to overfee, rule, and govern the faid Fellowihip in all Men of the‘ fameFaculty. By Virtue whereof, they. Were enabled to purch'afe and polfefs,'in F eel and Perpetuity, Lands, Tenements, and Rents, and any other PolTeffion ; ' that they might implead and‘b'e imp’leaded; "that they might make Sta- tutes and Ordinances for the wholefome Govern: ’ merit and Correétion of the College, and of all ‘ Perfons praétifing Phyfic Within feven Miles. of I; the City. And, Within that Compafs, none to ? praétife, as well as" in the City, unlefs firf’t al-' lowed by the Prefident and F ellowfhip, 'upon Pain of Forfeiture of 5 l. for every Month; that Four be chofen Yearly by the Prefident and Col—‘ Q legs, who fhould have the Supervifing, Search, Examination,‘and Government of all the Phy- ficians of the"City, and Suburbs Within feven , Miles“, and to *punilh them for their Offences, in not performing, making, and negleéting their Medicines and Receipts; and that by Fines, Amerciaments,’ and Imprifonments : That nei- 2, ther the Prefi'dent, nor any of the Members Of this College, be ‘fii‘mmoned, or put in any Affizes, Juries, Inquefts, 69%. ' The Procu- rers and Caufe good a Fellowfhip, for the Safety Of the Lives of this Chart. of ”Men, may be preferved, and the Caufes that moved the King to grant it may be known, they are both fignified to us in the faid King’s Letters 3 Patents; where it appeareth, that the Suit was - made by 701m ‘Chmnhre, Thomas Linoore, and ~ Fernando: de Vifiorz'a, all the King’s Phyficians, and three other Phyficians, namely, Nicholas Halliwel, 722/9» Francis, and“ Robert Yorly; and . cilia-Hy by the Interceflion of Cardinal Whlfizy, . and Cunning of Phyfic and Surgery, to the perfeél . ‘61? College’of fuch , AMen, ~direéted' by, and circumfcribed within 3 Laws and Orders, and formed into a Corpora- ' And that the firfi; Movers and Procurers of fo ‘ Phylieians. .. ‘ i . Book? 1, Lord Chancellor. And the Caufes that inclined the King [appeared in the Preamble to the faid Letters Patents -, beginning thus, ’ Cuqurz'z' Ofiriz's nqflrz’ 'm'nnu: arhirrémnr, Dili— onir nofir; Hominnm felicjtnir' omnz' ration: tonfnlere, id nutc’m Vel‘lmprz'mz‘r fore, _/i improhprnm Conafz'hus tempdlz'vé’orrnrrnmw, &c. That is, “ Since we “ eflzeem'it a Part of our Royal Olfice,"by all Means, to confult the‘Happinefs .of fuch as are under our Jurifdiétion, and that the Way toldo it will efpleciallybe, if we feaibnably put'a Stop to the Endeavours of evil Men: We, have thought it highly necefl'ary to re- 3,» » ~. firain the Boldnefs. of forne wicked People, ._ 0 who thall profefs' Phylic more fortheir own Cov‘etoufnefs, than cm of any good Cong fcience; whence many Inconveniences,may arife to, thei norant and credulous common Sort: .Therefore partly imitating the Example of 'well initituted Cities in Italy, and in many other Nations -, partly moved by the Raquel}; . off-certaingrave Men, 65:.” _ ‘, ‘ This Charter they Who were the chief Pro-7 Confirmedby curers ‘got confirmed. and ratified by Aét of AG 0f Par)“ Parliament, flnno 14. Henry VIII, upon this amem' Confideration, as the A8; ran: "‘ For the mak— 9‘ ing the field Corporation meritorious, andgyery good for the Commonwealth of this Realm,- it was necefi'ary toy-provide, that no Perfon of the faid {Politic Bodyvland Commonalty jb‘e fufiered to exercife Phyfic, but only; thofe Perfons that be profound, fad, and difcreet, grouindly learned, ‘andgde‘eply itudigd-in Phy. lie; and for the enlarging of further Articles for the faid CommonWealth to be,had and made.” . . : In the 32d of Henry VIII, by another Aét of An Ad for Parliament, they ‘Were exempted ,. from keep the Phyfici- ing Watch and ,VVard, and from being cholen- an?) 13121 HW- - Conf’tables, or in other Oflices, withinthe City 0’ ‘ land Suburbs, as they had many Times before been compelled, to their great Fatigatipn and ;Unquieting, and to the Peril of their Patients.- By the fame Aét, four Phyficians were to be {chofen Yearlyto fearch the Apothecaries Wares, vDrugs, and Stuff. . ' _ - .. ' Queen Mary, flnno 1, confirmed the College’s 1 MW- lCharter. . . . , . fl __ l (been Elifnhoth gave them a_ Char-fer, dated 7 51,];sz E at Wcjlmz'nfler, Fehrnnry 4., Anna Rogni' 7,. to’ take, ‘ ‘ ‘ i Yearly for ever, one, two, three, or four human gBodies, to difleét or anatomize, having been ' lcondemned and dead. ' f - _ .. ' This College of Phyficians, in the Year 1575, Names on”. gthat is above an 140 Years ago, con-fitted of CollegeMema gthefe Members, as I have it from an~ anthem-hers: 1”” ltic Paper fent to Court 3. A. very few in_Coinpa~_ 1575" rifon of the'Numbethhat now maketh itup. The Name; of the Phy/z'cz'nn: of the College of . London, Afnno 1575. i '1' ‘ ‘ Dr. Sinnz'ngs, Prefident; Dr. Cawdtoell, Dr“: fiGood, Dr. Jig/low, Dr. Smith, Oxon. Dr. Gyfird,; Dr. Fryer,'Dr. Wooton, Dr; T room pf WEfl—Chefler, ' Dr. Hula/to, Dr. Mnflerr, Dr. Fo/ler, ‘Cnndz'glnz‘nr; cc u cc cc' cc u it u it it u (6 ct is . cc , it .1: cc (C (a CC (C “ iDr. Spiringe, a Stranger, (Candid. . , Strangers of. the College. ‘ Dr. 7nlio, Dr. Martyn Corynrhonrk,'Mr, HelZor, 'Dr.Lopes. . _ ' l g- ' The Eloélorr, which are perpetual Oficerslof the College, are, lhefi’: ' Dr. an’clte, Dr. Mo/lerr, Dr. Sinnz'ngs, _Dr.~ sGood, Dr. andwell, Dr. Azylaw, Dr. W22 leer, 'Dr. Smilh, Oxonien. ‘ The College confii’ted for the mofiPart, about. Diforders in this Time and before, of fuch as were Favourers the (3011633 EDr. Walker, Dr. Smith, Cantab. Dr. Baron/dalé, of .Ciiapirxxm. about this : pf: , 131.313.6352 and Were _- guilty of divers Di‘fordersi Time. ~This Accountgwhereoff was fent‘up, ,‘viz. - 5 Prefidents. Ilia! the (Brendents, Cenfors, Eleétors, and Caius often, :_.o}ihqr;their~Qfl-‘icers,‘ were not fworn toithe mieen’s $2152£211 -M%jferviceabletoiall Chri— Pm‘uivams- flians; to keep Secrets; to be fober, lowly, and humble] The Perfons officiating in this Office, at pre- The Kings fent, are, r V and Heralds. Earl Marfhal, and Hereditary Earl Marfhal of England, The Duke of Norfolk. Deputy, The Earl of Efingloanz. Garter Principal King at Arms, 70572 fin/tit, Efq; and LL. D. Clarenez'eux King at Arms, Stephen-Martin Lea/re, Efquire. _ Narroy King at Arms, Charles Townley, jun. Efquire. HERALDS. ‘ Sewer/2t, 701m Warbnrton, Efq; F. R. S. Ric/amend, 7am: Lane, Efquire. Lanca/ter, Thomas Brown, Efquire. I/Vz'ndfor, Thomas Tbornborongr’a, Efquire. Clacfler, film-Martin Lenka, Efquire. Tor/a, ffolrn Fletcher, Efquire. PURSUi- . ' ‘ W396“ \Chap. XXIII. \ College .PURSUIVANTS. Rouge Dragon, Mr. flrtlour Sbepberd. ‘ Blue Mantle, Mr. 701m Pine. ‘~ Porteullis, Mr.“Peter Tones. _ Rouge Croix, Mr. Henry HflfllIZgS. Thefe, being all the King’s Servants in Ordi— nary, have yearly Salaries. To the Heralds, 261. 135. 4d. each; and to the Purfuivants, each 201. if the Author of the Notitia Anglia fets it right. hath omitted; only, Garter’s Salary is double to Weeer’s Mo- that of the two other'Kings. But, by King Ed— am. P-562~ ward IV’s Patent to 70m Wrytloe, Garter, it appears, that he had affigned the Sum of 401. to be paid him yearly, according as other Garter Kings had ufually received. Their Fees. Heralds, and - _I find thefe Kings and Heralds in King Rickard theirFees, III’s Reign; and their Fees granted them by “I: Kylgui“ that King in the firl’t Year of his Reign -, begin- friiiie. ning, With 701m Mms- King of Arms in the north Ledg. Book Parts, 201. for Termof Life. To. yd,” Water, of King alias Tor/t Herald, the Lordfhip of Bay/2a], to That of the Kings at Arms he - of Heralds. ‘Marlhalhs Ofiice, by afpecial- Geminifi‘ion from‘ the Qieen; that his Son A'ntkony Hall micht be admitted a Purfuivant at Arms, being a $211013? bred up at Camaridge in Emanuel-College, and lime profefiing the Law at Bernard’s-Inn, and, by the Lord fluderfon’s Gift, Clerk in the Pro- ‘thonotary’s-Office in the Common Pleas : And his ilnchnation apt to gather Gentlemen’s Coats, as well on Church Windows, Stone Walls,- as on \ Noblemen’s Tombs; whereby he had collected lome 30,000 .or more Coats, of his own Trick~ mg and \Vriting, befides a pretty Skill in coun~ terfeiting Piétures after the Life, or otherwii‘ei l. ; ,Sir Gilbert Detloick, Garter Principal King of K.Edrward Arms under King Edward VI, was inftrumental Saved“? .inprocuring the Houfe, College, and Corporatia-E‘ififi’f 0’” ’on of the Heralds, with their Privileges. Fort/{1; H2350, though Qieen Mary vulgarly, and according 'to . 133 .Stow, hath the Praife of this Gift; yet, indeed," it more truly belonged to thatKing. F or, as . appears in a Volume of the Cotton Library,-inLedger-Bbdk“ - the Year 1552, the Earl of Derby’s Place was “Chg-“cello“ " then in the Tenure of Sir Ric/aardis Saeknile, Knt. ' Coot/rind. 7m ,, Rid’ar‘nn' the. Value Of IOO'ShillingSa andan Annuity "Of; when the faid Place, with divers other Mef- ”a“ 8.9; .i: 81. 6s. 8d.,of theRevenue of the, Lordihip of 3 Huntingfield, in the County of Kent. .To Thomas 7 Holme, alias Clareneieux King of Arms in the fouth'Parts, 201. of the Cui’toms and Subfidy Vof Exeter and Dartmouth -, and 201., more of the ' Annuity of the Lordihip of Walden, in the Coun- ty of Eflex, for Term of Life. Glance/tor He- rald ;’ to him, his Heirs and Affigns for ever, the Manor of Oven in Kent, with all the Lands, f’I‘enerrients, {delete Sir 701m Fogg’s. ' Befides .thcfe Salaries, when the Kings of Eng- land went their Progreflés, they commonly took theirHeralds along with them-r, and thefe then King Edward had their daily Allowances. Thus, in the Year. VI- in aPrO- .1552, in a Progrefs of King Edward VI, he took ffigrfigfizs along with him, in. hisRetinue, the four Kings along with at Arms; reckOning in Ul/ter for the Fourth; him. ,Soinerfit, Herald, Rouge Dragon, and Blue Man- tle, Purfuiwants; and appointed the Allowances to them for their Diet, from 7uly the 5th, to the 7th of Ofiolier, ,whiCh was the Time of the King’s Progrefs, 'uiz. ,T o Garter, 105. by the Day: To the three other Kings, 65. 8d. per Diem: To Soinerflzt,‘ 4.5. And to the two Pur-; fuivants, 2 5. each.] ' ' ' Several re- There are divers Things remain, that feem markable worthy to be added to what is already faid con- 3:336“ C9” coming this College of Honour: As, concerne mg this . . . . Office. mg the Ufefulnefs of it; the Qialifications of thofe that are to be admitted into it ; its Anti- quity, Settlement, Order, and other private Matters relating to the Heralds. It is placed within Cajtle Baynard Ward, near Paul’s Wharf, in the Parilh of St. Bennet’s. The Ufeful, The Ufefulnefs of it appears, in that it is an nefsofit. Oflice C0nfervatory of ancient Honour, and of the Memory of Perfons of Nobility, Qiality, and Merit, either for their Learning, Ecclefiafii— cal Preferments, Exploits in War, Serviceable— nefs in the Commonwealth, Wifdom in Govern- ~ment, Favour with their Princes, or the like: Together with their Pedigrees and Poi’terities, in whatfoever County in England they have lived. It is alfo highly ufeful, for the afcertaining many Doubts relating to Names and Families, and putting a Conclufion to Contentions in Law a- bout right Heirs, Legitimacy, Primogeniture, fs’e. Thofe admit— And, as the Office is honourable, and of great ted to this Import, fo none are to be admitted to it, but 3%,? “2(1)? Perfons learned, and of ingenuous Education, fied. ‘1 ’ and fizudious of Heraldry, and able to trick Coats of Arms, and to paint: As may appear by the Suit of flat/tony Hall, flnno 1593, to the Lord Treafurer, who ac’ted then in the Earl 4. fuages and Hereditaments, were fold to King; Edward, by an Indenture bearing Date Novena; in the 24th, Anna Regni 6. For which, the? King, in Exchange, made ovor to the Earl Veer-t .tain Lands, called Leonard’s Lands, joining to the , Earl’s Park, called Know/lay Park, in the County of Lanea/ter, and lately belongingto the Mona- fiery of Brifeow; of the yearly Value of 203;" with other Lands, {9%. to the yearly Value of 41. 105. and--. And a Mefe and aGrang’e call-o ed Badley Grange, of the Value of 42 3. per A'nn‘n, in Che/hire; all which amounted to the Value of]; 71. .12 s. The Date hereof was 7anuary the 24th.: This Gift, I fuppofe, might be confirmed by. (been Mary, King Edward’s Succefl'or. , ] But, though the Heralds had now a College, No Habitat. or General Office, yet, for fome Time after, theytons for the had not the Conveniences of Habitations here,.,.;g:’ggfieme to dwell together ; but lived at their own private . ' g. ' ”-7. Houfes, where they could provide themfelves 3; whereby they kept their Vifitation Books ,, at 7 Home: For {0. Leiglo’s Words import, in, his Ate‘jceia’ent? if ~ cident: of flrmoury ; fpeaking how far the Heralds v-flrmtmtrt. f- 79. b. printed" were fometimes to feek, when the Gentleman of _, Am {568- ancient Blood came to fee his Pedigree, becaufe- they had no feveral Houfe where they might, plant their Offices, and, in that Place, , to make} their Libraries for their Provinces. F or, as they were all now here, now there; fo, when they died, their Wives fold, for a little Money, their Books of Vifitation, which coit them much [Tran vail. . ': J’f' . This Office for preferving of Honour was ans The Antiqui— cient. For, when, in the 28th of Henry III, Ge.- _tfiyceof‘h‘50“ rald Fitz Maurice, who was Jui’tice of Ireland,.'(;_ 1'1, 1,“,- died, as it feems, at Canteroury, King Henry III, Lieu-m. 28. four or five-:hundred Years ago, viz. flnno 1244, H- “L m- 19. ifl‘ued out his Command to the Keepers of that Archbilhopric, Quad emi faciant unum, pale/orient Lapidern, portend. fuper Corpus Geraldi Fil. Maurie. 7ujlieiar. Hibern. In one fieri faciant Seutum ep- flus Geraldi, cum Armis fuis. fig/lo Rage apud Roti’. 20 Die Novembr.‘ i. e. That they caufe to be bought a fair Stone, to be laid upon the Body of Gerald Fitz Maurice, Jufiice of Ireland; where- on to be for his Shield with his Arms. . I, And, in the Time of Edward I, ‘I’lsomae Earl Lani/1"- 4- it; of £17" of Laneafler, Leieefler, and Dora}, and Conllable (”La/t” of England, ordained, by fpecial Reformation, . That no Man fhould wear any Hood on his Shoulder in Time of Mourning, except he were a Gentleman -, but only a Tippet of three Nails Breadth. Alfo, That no Parfon, Curate, Church- warden, or others, ihould put down any Atchieve~ .. . _ , a. r , ment, Coat of Arms. ‘or Pinion, oz eraie any ’l‘omb 154 The unfet- tled State of this Office in Times pail. , Ulfler a 4th King. I. TheierBih- liar/2. MSS. Heralds. Purfuivants Ordinary and Extraordi- my. Qiarrels among the Heralds. Order for ' their Placing. ‘ College of Heralds. Commiflions. Tomb out of Churches or Churchyards, And that no Goldfmith, Copperfmith, Glazier, Paint- er, or Marbler, ihould have to do with Arms, without the Confent of the King of Arms of that ' Province; and that they lhould not for a Mer- chant’s Mark within an Efcutcheon; and, that this fhould be the more diligently looked to, he ordained, That all the Kings of Arms Ihould keep their Chapters once every uarter of the Year,‘ at leaf’t, and that they fhou d make their Vifitation in their Provinces, or their Marihals for them, every feventh Year. To conclude, he ordained, That the Herehaughts [i. e. Heralds] at the Interment of every Gentleman, where they were called to that Service, fhould take the Pedi- gree,» with dili ent Examination of old Folks then living, an to record the fame. In former Times, the Number of the Officers that belonged to this Corporation was not fixed, the Precedency uncertain, and Contentions and Differences fprang up among them, concerning their Rights and Privileges. Befides the three Kings of Arms, there was a Fourth, who was called Ul/ler; firl’t created by King Edward VI, chiefly for the Ufe of Ireland. And the firfi that enjoyed it, was Bartholomew Butler, Jam 6 Edward VI, Tor/e Herald. Then was made alfo Philip Butler, alias Athlone, Pure. fuivant of Arms there. And, upon their Creation, aWarrant was iffued to Sir Ralph Sadler, Knight, of the King’s Wardrobe, to deliver to Bar. Bat— Ier, alias Uljler King at Arms of Ireland, one Coat of blue and crimfon Velvet, embroidered with Gold and Silver upon the fame with, the King’s Arms: And to Philip Butler, alias Ath- lone Purfuivant at Arms there, one Coat of Sarf-v net of the King’s Colours, with the Arms laid on with Gold and Purple. This Place was poffefi'cd in the Beginning of ween Eli/aheth by one Nicholas Narhoon, who was raifed, from being Richmond Herald, to be Ul/ter King. . And, befides the fix Heralds, there were for- merly Exeter, Leopard, Falcon, Carli/le, 8m. » The Purfuivants formerly were of two Ranks, Ordinary and Extraordinary. The Ordinary were the Six before mentioned. The Extraor- dinary were thefe: Falcon, afterwards made an Herald; Antelope, Cadran, Gui/net, Hammer, Ber- wicle, Comfort, Ro/ehlanch, Cal/is, Ricehan/e, Wal- lingford, Moantorgnile, Nottingham, Earner, Bo- loign. But thefe Extraordinary Purfuivants in the Beginning of Qleen Eli/aheth’s Reign ceafed. In Qieen Elifaheth’s Reign, were great Dif- fenfions and Animofities among the Heralds, concerning their Rights, Fees, and Precedencies: Infomuch that they prefented Petitions and In- formations one againft another unto the Lord Treafurer Barghley, and the Lord Admiral, who executed then the Office of Earl Marfhal. Which occafioned the faid Lords to make an Order, da- ted, Ottoher 22, I 597, intitled, T he Order of the Placing of the Kings, Heralds, and Parfui'vant: at firms, hy the Lord Burgh— ley, Lord High Treaficrer of England, and the Lord Howard of Efiingham, Lord High [Idmiral of England, exercifing the Place of Earl Mar/hal of England, hy Force of her Majcfly’s Commiflon under the Great Seal cg” England, to as diretted in that Behalf. Kings at Arms, Garter, William Dethich; Clarencieux, William Camden; Norroy, William Segar. Heralds, Lancal’cer,'l\7icholar Paddy; Chelter, 7ame5 Thomas; York, Ralph Brooke/month; Rich- mond, 70hn Raven; Windfor, Thomas Lant; Somerfet, Rohert Trefwell. Purfuivants, Rouge Crofs, Thoma: Knight 51 3 Rouge Dragon, I/Villiam Smith -, Portcullis, Sama- el Thomfon; Blue Mantle, Mercury Patten. To this Order were fubfcribed the Namesof William Barghley and C. Howard, confirming the fame. But it may not be amifs to take forne Cogni— zance of the Controverfies of thefe Gentlemen. . f ' Book '1. It was the proper Office and Benefit of Cla- The Cafe be- rencienx King of Arms to give Arms and go in Vifitations. But Dethic, who was made Garter in the 29th Year of QIeen Eli/aheth, claimed the fame Privileges, as additional to his Oflice: tween Carter and Claren- cz 5123'. And that by Virtue of two Commiffions ;- one ' of Henry VII, and another of Henry VIII, to his Predecefi'ors, to be joined in Commifiion with Clarencieax : And accordingly had procured of Qieen Eli/aheth her Letters Patents under her Great Seal for the Office of Garter, with Words expreliive of more Power than ever were in any Garter’s Patents before; ‘viz. To rvi/i, correfl", and give Arms, abfolutely of himfelf : Whereas Clarencicnx and Norroy, being Provincial Kings of Arms, could not give Arms, without Confent of the Earl Marihal: Which was anAbufe. But Cook, Clarencienx, in a Paper to the Cem- miflioners of the Office of the Earl Marlhal, lhewed the true Reafon of thofe ’Commiflions, namely, that Roger Macado, aBriton barn, was Clarencieux 1 Henry VII, [and {0 continued all that Reign :] Who, being an old and impotent Man, and not well underfianding our LangUage, did agree with Garter that then was, biz. Sir 7ohn Wrythe, or Wriothe/ley, to take the Office upon him, and to give Amns, and go in Vifita— tions. For which Garter paid to Clarencienx’r forty Marks per Annam : Which was to be paid out of the {aid Gar’ter’s Fee. And this appeared; by the faid Carter’s Letters Patents. And becaufe Gar— ter would have forne Authority of himfelf to ihew; and alfo for that he thought it not-for- his Credit to be Deputy to Clarencienx ; he procured a Bill, figned by Henry VII, wherein Garter was joined with Clarencienx. There was alfo a fecond Commiflion obtained by the fame Garter of King Henry VIII, to the fame Import with the former; imPOWering him to give Arms, and go in Vifitation with Claren- cieux that then was ; viz. Thoma: Benoit, who was for the molt Part employed beyond the Seas, and had no Books to exectlte his Office. For that at that Time Garter had gotten all the Books of Office into his own C'ufiody, by reafon of his former Dealings with Mercado. So that in Truth he was driven of Necefiity to agree with Garter, in like Order to execute his Office as Macado had done. And thereupon Garter, fhewing to the King the Agreement and Confent of Clarencienx, ob- tained of the King the faid Commiflion, Clareno cienx being then beyond the Seas. At whofe Re- turn finding himfelf not well ufed by Garter, and that the Credit of his Office [of Clarencieux] was greatly diminifhed by the {aid Garter ; he would have broken off with him for dealing any fur- ther with him. Which Thing Garter would not by any Means confent unto, but flood upon the Authority of the King’s' Bill alfigned. Benoit then was forced to acquaint the King with fome of the Abufes of Garter, and, among others, how he had given Arms to a Bondman. Here— upon the King, examining the Caufe of Claren- cienx’s Grief and Complaint, and finding that Garter had wronged him, deviled and granted to him a Commiflion under the Great Seal of Eng— land, bearing Date the all]: of Henry VIII. Wherein he did inhibit the faid Garter, and all others, to deal or meddle either in giving of Arms, or going in Vifitations, in the faid Cla— rencienx’s Province. Since which Time, all the. Clarencicnx’s Chap. Informations againll; Cla- renez'eux, by Carter. The Library. XXIII; Clarencz'eux’s have had their Commifiions fuccef— lively one after another ', and have ever fince gone in Vifitation, and given Arms ; as by the Books of Vifitation, and Grants of Patents, may appear. , Add, That, long before thofe two Bills figned by thofe two Kings, Clarencz‘enx did giVe Arms, and go in Vifitations, withOut Garter, by Virtue of his Office, and without any Commiflion; as appeared by divers Vifitations and Gifts of Arms. And,for thefe Reafons, he earneftlypetitioned the Lord Burg/airy and Lord Howard, to obtain of the Qleen a Redrefs of Garter’s Patent. Thefe, and the like Matters, gave great Of- fence to Garter -, and, to be even with Cook, CZa-‘ rencienx, fpar‘ed not to impeach him, ,in another Addrefs to the faid Noblemen : As, concerning his Birth, being fprung of a Tanner, his Igno- ‘ rance of Languages, not being able to fpeak French: Of his difl‘olute Life, being guilty of haunting Taverns, marrying anOther Man’s Wife, Prodigality, and running into Debt : In- jurin the Office, in that he and Cbcjter had fpoiled the Library in the Office of Arms of more" than forty or fifty Books at one Time.‘ That he made Multitude of Gentlemen by him— felf, under the Name of Principal King of Arms ', [being but CZarenez’eax.] That his Depu- ty ranged over all the‘ Realm, giving, altering, and changing Shields of Arms, and Cognizances of Honour, to all Sorts of Men, andof all Fa- culties; obtruding Arms to fome, and exaéting Fees exceeding the Qieen’s F ifteens : And ma~ ny Pedigrees were unregil’tered. And, as his De- puty went about in fundry Shires of England, fo he went about in London, into all Companies and Societies, and in every Street; commanding Merchants, mechanical Men, and Artificersbe— forehim, at fundry Taverns ; .and gave and al- lowed Arms to all manner of Perfons, at all Prizes, and for good Chear, contrary to all Ho- nour; and yet wafi'ed all. That he had, a Grant of the ween, worth a thoufand Pounds, but ,confumed it. ’He was charged alfo for giving / the Earl of Dcfrnond’s Arms to one Captain Clarenez'eax Ckeflon. . ' Of thefe Matters Garter complained, and, by ”lifeine‘l f0” Authority granted of the (Lueen, reftrained and a “6um reformed them. But Secretary Walflngkam £00k Carter's Complaint. 4 His Crime about paint- ing Arms. and detained the QJeen’s Letters Patents of the fame -, permitting this Man, and others, Carter’s Enemies, to proceed in that Abufe. He petiti— oned then her Majei’ty, That a Commiflion might be given to examine this, to the Lord Hanfdon, Lord Chamberlain, the Lord Treafurer, Lord Howard, Lord Admiral, the Earl of Or~ anond, Sir C/arz'floploer Hatton, Lord Chancellor of England, Baron Buckner/t, and Sir 701m Wolley, Chancellor of the Garter. It was charged alfo upon this Officer [which after fo many Years might better methinks have been forgotten] That, in the Year 1571, he con- trived and fet out a great Pedigree, painted on Vellom, for the Duke of Norfolk, fince his firf’t Imprifonment in the Tower, for his Defign of Marrying with Mary Qleen of Scots: Which was fi‘nifhed, with his Arms on the right Hand, and the Arms of that Qaeen on the left, largely painted. He alfo let out and marfhalled the Duke’s Pedigree in Glafs, in the Windows of the great Chamber at the Cbarter/oonfe, quartered with the Arms of the Daughter of Edward Duke , of Bar/e5 attaintcd. Gartrr a Man . of Defers, but I cannot determine. pailior. :ztc. How much there was of Truth in thefe Things, For Det/oz'ok was a Man of great Pride and Paflion, whereby he procured to liin'ifrrlf many Enemies, otherwiie a Man of “forth and Learning. His Father, Sir Gilaert Definer, Garter, had been in the Office of Arms NUMB. XIV. ‘ ‘ ' ‘ College. of Heralds. ‘C'onamz'flons. fixty-two Years : And he himfelf had been en' 1n_her Majefl‘y’s Service of the Garter, Wltllftl‘l: nght Honourable the Lord Hunfdon, to Lynn in France; and with the Earl of Saflx to the Emperor at Vienna ; and With the Lord Bar/c- har/t, to the French King, Charles. _And, as‘thefe Public Employments’ were for his Honour, fo it mui’t be recorded for his Com- mendation, that he endeavoured to redrefs many Things amifs in the Office and Officers, reduci- ble to thefe Articles following. I. The Contents of theirCorporation in all Pomts, for the AlTembly, Government, Erudié tion, Ede. in the Olfice of Arms, to bekept and obferved. I II. Chapters General and Particular to be had and fummoned. ‘ , III. The Order and Attendance for Waiting ‘55 Endeavour: to redrel’s Things amifs in the Ofiite. at the Court in high F calls to be dutifully per: «- formed. ‘ IV” The Houfe and College of the Office of Arms to be in good Order, inhabited, and re: paired. V. The general Library in the Office and Records there to be preferved, ratified, and aug-~ mented. VI. The King’s Heralds, and Purfuivants of Arms, to, be there at convenient Times attena dant, upon Pain. . VII. The VifitatiOns made by Garter, CZa—' ' rencienx, and Norroy, to be limited or appoint- ed to the Heralds, or Purfuivants, and no other. VIII. TheiBur'ials', or Funerals, to be orderly and duly ferVed, and Certificates entered. , IX. All Painters, Glaziers, Goldfmiths, €990. for dealing in Arms and Pedigrees, to be inhi; bited. . ‘ X. Arms, Crel’ts, Pedigrees, Searches, and all Precedents and Aéts of Honour and Gentility, and all other Things, with the Confents of the three Kings at Arms, in the General Office, to be fet out and regii’tered.‘ . XI. The Profits and Commodities faithfully colleéted, and generally to fuch as deferve well duly parted. . ' Moreover, this Detiaz'ck, flnno I 5 84, being then TorkHerald, propounded the letting up of an' OlfiCe in the Court of Wards, for the Enrolling of Defc‘ents and Pedigrees of every one that was Ward, 0r filed Livery; for the politic Preler- vation of the Remembrance of Parents and Pro— genitors, and of the Conjuné‘tion of Blood and Kindred with good PrOporticn ~, to preferve that . Law in Magna C/aarta, Cap. V. and the Statutes at Marton, Capital. VI. and VII; wherein the Difparagements for Marriages are efpecially for— bidden. The Wards did not enjoy the Benefit of Law in that Point. So that fome Prefer‘Vation in Blood, in the Courfe'of that Court, might go jointly together‘with the Prefervation of the In- heritances. . ' ' . . _ ‘ The Efiablilhi'ng of fuch an Office in ”the faid Court of Wards, as he fhewed to the Lord Treafurer Burg/91431; Matter of that Ceiirt, would firf’t tend to the Adorning of it, for the Henour and Renown of the Qiieen, tending to a more perfeét PreferVation of the ‘GenealOgies and De“ {cents of her Wards, and to perpetuate the fame ; and molt convenient for the Nobility and Gentry of her Realm. And, fecondly, it would be a good and direé‘t Means to try and keep the Re- cords of the Truth, againlt fi‘indry Occurrences and Subtilties, contrived in Prejudice of the ' Minors and Heirs in the-[aid Court. And Whereas it might be objeéted, that {rich an Office, feemed to be needlefs, lince the Heralds in their OWn Office were diligent to fearch and regiiter all Pedigrees: To this he. anfwered, that ' R r ’ ' the Propbunds the fetfing up a Court, For enrolling the Defcents of the Wards. l-lis Reafom for it, ufed to the Matter of this Court. ' I , I College of Heralds. Dethick Carter. the Heralds of Arms had been, a long Time paf’t, Mefl'engers of Princes, allowed for their Lan~ guages, TraVel, and Experience: But, as for their Dealings in Pedigrees of Nobility, they ‘ did but privatelycolleC‘t and obferve the Marri- ages and Miles of Princes, Nobles, and Gentle- men, for their better Knowlege and Remem- brance -, whereof they took Notice upon, Sight, Relation, or {lender Surmifes._ But this Action was intended to be committed to the Cuf’tody of one private, fecret, and fworn Officer, at Herald. And the "Pedigrees, and Confanguinities to be regif’tered in this Court, fhould be grounded upon Matter of Record and Warrant, provided by Offices, Traverfes, and Inquef’ts, containing the Names of the Perfons, Times, and Ages. Se- condly, The Form and Manner of the Pedigrees in this Court fhould contain, in the Roundel or Arms of the Earl of Kent Quarterly by Rotkr- ram, and judged them to be unlawfully borne -, and determined that Part of the Pedigree made by Garter to be unlawful, by which the faid Rotkeranz was made the Coufin and Heir general of Edmund Earl of Kent, by Ant/sorry eldef‘t Son of the faid Earl -, refewing to themfelyes Power to tax thefCofts and Expen— ces of the Complainant againi’t the Defen- “ dants.” , How Garter got off from this troublefome Bu- Garter de- finefs I cannot tell, but I find he was knighted, and after fome Time depofed in the firl’t Year of King 7mm. For indeed his rough Carriage had procured him many Enemies in this Office. He was buried, Anna 1612, in St. Paul’s near Sir Pain Roet, King of Arms, named Gnyon, that lived in the Reign of Edward III. I BOOk I". i ’The Quarrel in‘thefe Times between the two A Motion of Kings, Garter and C/arenezenx, 1n Regard of their uniting the Rights and Encroachments upon each other, 035““ 0f Circle of each Defcent, a certain Notice of the Age, Time, Liveries, and one: of each Perfon, G'm-ter gives Rot/)eram the Lord Cry of RutkynisCoat. Sentence a- convenient only for this Court. Thirdly, This would be very grateful to the Ward in his Mi- nority, for fo careful a Remembrance of his Pe— digree. And it would carry with it a Proof of the Deferts of the Anceltors towards their Po-. fierity. For herein fome Note fhould be made of the Tenure of the Lands and Manors, if it feemed good, with this Addition, prim: Acqui- fitor: Which might affect Children with a grate- ful and refpeétful Senfe of thofe from whom they are fprung, and from whom they derived their Ei’tates and Honours. This was an ingenious Project of Mr. Detbiek, and might, had it taken, have redounded confiderably to his Advantage, who had now been an attendant Officer of Arms twenty Years, and complained of the mean Pro- fits thereof to be very fmall and uncertain ; though with Patience he at length got Advance- ment. This Garter, in the Year 159 5, fell into new Troubles, being cited by Earl Marfhal-Com- miffioners, for giving George Rotberam, Efq; the Lord Grey of Rutkyn’s Coat of Arms, belong— ing to Henry, then Earl of Kent. To which by a Letter to Sir 7o/on Pickering, Lord Keeper, he anfwered, that the faid Rot/oeram a Year ago had requef’ted him to take Notice, according to the Cuf’tom of his Office, of certain Records; one out of the Tower, and other Evidences ; and by an ancient Book, and a Monument or Tomb- Stone, withArms in the Church of Layton, to fet down his Pedigree, pretended from (int/yon} ‘Lord Grey of Rat/syn :~ Which Pedigree he did exemplify for him, without any further Appro- bation or Confirmation to the fame, to be true, but only acCording to his Proofs fhewn him, which he, the faid Rot/aeram, was to produce or defend by Laws, and not by his Office; And [0 he, the faid Garter, reckoned himfelf to f’tand difcharged. ‘ I But the Complaint made by the Earl of Kent to the Court of Earl Marfhal ran againfi: both, as ell Garter as Rotheram. And the Sentence alfo gainfl Carter was againf’t both, which was given in Favour of in Favour 0f the Earl in. 7am, Anna 1597, after long Hearing . the Earl of Kent. . on'both Parts at fundry Times, whereby it was judged, “ That the faid Det/oick, Garter, and ' “ Rot/oeram had manifeftly done Wrong to the Complainant, for f0 are the Words of the Sen- tence, in making and publifhing that Pedi- “ ‘6 SC 0‘ Claim, to make a Shew that the {aid Rot/7e- “ ram was defcended lineally of Catharine, a ‘6' ‘6 6‘ who was proved before them by divers Means of good Credit to have died without Ifl'ue. And they, the Commiflioners of the Office of Earl Marf‘nal, Judges in this Caufe, did revoke and annul the Bearing of the faicl 4. ‘C ‘6 ‘6 gree, in a Cafe {0 long fufpended without- Daughter of Anthony, Lord Grey of Rntkyn, . made the Lord Treafurer Burg/ole} bethink him- felf of joining them both into one, that the Of- fice might hereafter be enjoyed by one Perfon, Cook Clarencieax being now dead. But the Ef’ta- blifhment of the Corporation by Parliament, whereby thefe two Kings were appointed, ob- firuéted this Defign, and other Confiderations made it inconvenient; wherefore fome other Ex- pedient was propounded for the begetting and continuing of better Agreement between thefe Kings. And particularly, that the Earl Marfhal, in preferring Clareneienx to the Room of Garter, would take Order, that his Succeffor in the Of— fice of Clarentieux might remit fome Part of his Intereft in Matters of Profit. Then Garter might be well provided for, and the Corporation no whit altered. Rodert Cook, Clareneieax, died in the 37th Year Clarenrz‘eux of Qieen Elifaoetla, that is, about the Year I 593. . Then the Lord Burgbley, aéting as Earl Marfhai, His Books. knowing he had many Books of Heraldry, fome whereof he had taken out of the Office violently, fent to the Lord Mayor and Sheriffs to take an Inventory of his Books 5 which they did, and re- turned a Catalogue of them. Then Detbiek, Garter, pr0pounded to the faid Lord, that they might have them at a reafonable Price to the Office, being forry, as he faid, that the Mayor and Merchants of London fhould have the Peru~ fal of the honourable Secrets of the Office of Arms, and have the Cuftody thereof; who might not arref’t their Bodies, and yet kept their Re~ cords. By this Catalogue, Cook feems to have been a very diligent Man in his Science, confift- ing of a vaft Collection of Defcents and Pedi- grees of Englifl», Noblemen, Gentlemen, and Strangers, Statutes of the Order of the Garter, ancient Patents, Evidences, Certificates, Vifita— tions of the Counties of Leieeyter, Warwick, Lin< coin, the City of London, Sorry, Kent, Hamp— f/Jire, Szgfl'ex, Cornwall, Camkridge, Hertford, Efix, SnfiikyNorfoZk, Jufts, Proceedings to Corona- tions and Combats, divers Books of Tricks of Arms, Efcripts, Writings, Muniments with Seals to the fame; Notes of the Wars of King Edward III, and many other old Papers and Offices from 1 Henry III. to Henry VI. Rickard Lee, Riekmond Herald, fucceeded Cook be an“, Againf’t him alfo draw. in, the Office of Clareneieztx. Garter took great Offence, accufing him to have invaded his Office for the Burial of Bifliops, and the Lord Mayor of London. He accufed him alfo to the Commiffioners of the Earl Marfhai’s Office, for ufing an Hearfe in the Funeral of a -Knight Batchelor, ‘viz. Sir Rickard Baker. T 0 which he anfwered for himfelf, that Knights F u~ nerals had, according to Cufiom, Hearfes, as well as Barons. Nor did Hear'fes make Difference or ‘ Dif’cinétion Chap. xxm. College of Beans. Brande/77292111,, ‘ Toni, Herald. Dif’tinétion between thofe two Degrees ; and that the Ufing thereof was left to the Difcretion of the Officers at Arms, as more indifferent. And _.that the faid I-Iearfe of that Knight wanted Or- naments, wherewith properly the Hearfes of Bad rons were garnifhed. Garter alfo accufed the faid Lee, that he had allowed and fet out the Arms and Funerals ,of one Backer, a Mercer of London, a Man of fmall Parentage, with Helmet, Crei‘t, Coat of Arms, Penon, and a Pall, and himfelf attendant in his rich COat. There was another Herald belonging to this College at this Time, and a Man of Note, I do not fay, for his Virtues. His Name was Breaker, or Brooke/month, York Herald, being preferred thither from being Rouge Croft Purfuivant, about the Year 1592. He underflood neither Latin nor Freeze/a, to qualify him for his Place, but, having been once a Painter, he had an excellent Hand in ' tricking Coats of Arms, hardly to be equalled Camden’s An— tagonifl. 'Broodefmoatla’s @alities . ,1 to the (Amen for thirty Years, by any of the refiz, as appears by a Book ftill remaining in the Office of his own doing, con- taining the Arms of the Nobility, if I rightly re- member: Which curious Skill of his was, I flip- pofe, the Reafon that the Lord Bargloley bore a Favour to him, and once gave his Hand for him to be preferred to be Norroy againft Camden, namely, Anna 1593, when Edmund Knight, Nar- roy, was very fick, and Camden was nominated to the Place. This Brookefinoatb is bell: known for his pre- fumptuous Attempt to confute feveral of the learned Camden’s Genealogies of the Nobility in his Britannia. Againlt whom that excellent Man, an unequal Match for him, vindicated himfelf fo fully, and fhewed f0 plainly the Igno- , rance and Malice of his Antagonift, and yet with much Gentlenefs and Modei’ty, that he was thenceforth efieemed a very ignorant Man in He- raldry, and a notorious Calumniator to all Po- fierity. Befides this, he was of a very fcanda- lous and evil Life. He once broke open the Of— fice, and took away all the Books belonging to it, and an Iron Chei’t, and took thence the Order and other Muniments. He was once condemned at Newgate for two Felonies, and burnt in the Hand. He was alfo guilty of Whoredom and Uncleannefs. He was fuppofed to, be a Procurer of perjured 'Perfons in the Star—Chamber, de- teéted, in the Court »of:Requefl:s ; twice de- graded; and the Qieen’s Coat of Arms which he wore was pulled over his Ears. And for his Ignorance of Languages and Learning, and other Mifdemeanors, by the Leieefler, and all wife Men, thought to be unfit to be an Officer of Arms, or to be permitted to come to her Majefty’s Prefence, being a Vaga- bond, and not worth 31. But after Leiee/z‘er’s Death he began to fhew himfelf again -, and af- terwards gotfuch Friends and Credit that he dared to oppofe himfelf againfi: Garter; and vexed him both in the Exchequer and Star Clonin— ber, by flanderous Aé‘ts and Suits commenced againfl: him, and a great many vexatious Inter— rogatories, chiefly- taken out of Informations the faid Garter had, in Confcience and Care of the Office, given the Lord Treafurer concerning him. So that he was fain, flan. 1594, to befeech the faid Lord to confider of his Credit and Service truiting that he would have Refpeé‘t to him for his Office, Place, and Parents; and how Brookefmoatly fpared not Time, Means, Place, or Perfons to difcredit him. In Ihort, he rendered himfelf uneafy to all 'the Society, fo turbulent was he in the Office; 1m- pugning all their honei’t Proceedings in .Matters of Funerals, and other Cafes of Office. Info— much that Sir Edward Hairy, Knight, deputed by the Lords in Commiffion for the Office of Judgment of the Earl of .~ V , Orders for 1/st Ofioe‘. Earl Marfhal, writ to them in ' " ' ‘- “ There is one Brookefinoatlo, nowtliizreM3n‘222.’ “ derful lewd Fellow, intemperate, quairelfome' “ and allthe Office weary of him.” Yet he en: dEavoured afterwards to obtain that Place of Nor— roy, With much Afl‘urance of his own @alifis cations, though he milled it. I In the Years 1593 1594. I59 , 5, I 6, ti Office was much negleéted, b,y realbn ofstghe grea: (barrels of the Kings and Heralds among them? felves, ‘as we have heard in Part. The College went into Ruin for Want of Reparation, the Of. fice was difcontinued, and the Books of the Of: fice embezzled. Some of thefe Officers, how- ever learned, were hafty and pafiionate, others of them debauched in their Lives, or ionorant in Languages andeeraldry. The Lord Trea- furer Barg/oley, and Lord Howard, Lord Admi- ral, were'commilfioned by the Qieen to aét in the Office of Earl Marfhal of England; being authorizedwith full Power, from Time to Time, to. call before them all Officers of Arms, both Kings of Arms, Heralds, and Purfuivants ; and to caufe due Inquifition to be made of all man; ner of Arms by them given to any Perfon with; out good Warrant; or ufurped and taken by any Perfon without the like Warrant; and, upon due Examination and Trial thereof, to revoke and difannul all fuch as fhould be fo tried, unlanully aifigned or ufurped. By Virtue (if this Commill’ fion and Authority in this decayed Eftate of the Heralds College, they deputed Sir Edward Holiy and Sir George Carew, Knights, to view the pre- fent State of the Office, and to make Statutes and Orders for the better Regulation of it for the future : Which they did, laying before them the true Intent of their firfit Charter, and drew up a Book for the Reformation of the Office, and, September, 1596, prefented it to the faid two Peers, defiring them to fubfcribe it, that f0 it might be of Force; which whether it was f0 fubfcribed or no by them I cannot tell. Butvth'e Exemplification of this Book would be too large here to infert. ' The Book bore this Title, “ Orders to be obferved and kept by the Kings, Heralds, and Purfuivants of Arms that now are, or hereafter {hall be, and eitablilhed by us, the Right Honourable Lord Barglaley, Lord High Treafurer of England; Charles Lord Howard of Efingloam, Lord High Admiral of 6‘ (C “ ‘6 “ CC (C ‘6 Chamberlain of her Majef’ty’s Houlhold, Knights of the molt Noble Order of the Gar: ter, and deputed by Commifiion for the Office of Earl Marfhal of England,” , The Dedication of thefe Orders', which was made to the Lord Treafurer, and the Lord How- ard of Efingloam, giving an Account of the Rea- fon and Occalion of making them, I {hall infert, being to this Tenor: ‘ That whereas it had ‘ pleafed their Lordfhips by VirttIe of her Ma- ‘ jei’ty’s Commiffion to their Lordfhips, granted ‘ for the Exercife of the Earl Marfhal’s Office of England, to authorife, ordain, and depute‘ them, Sir Edward Hoaliy and Sir George Ca: rew, Knights, for the View of the prefent State of the Office of Arms, commonly called Derbthoafe in London : Thefe were to fignify unto their Lordlhips, that, acco'rding to the In: ftruélions and Charge given in that Behalf unto them, they had oftentimes made theli‘ Repair unto the faid Office ; and, as far forth (6 (t “ “hnl‘fil‘hhhl‘l‘ all Points. . ‘ And forafmuch as they found the Houfe 1t~ felf to be fallen into great Ruin,- through Want of due Reparations and habitable Ufe ; the Office dil‘continued, and in as great a De? Gay, I‘ n h *5? The Cdmi'nlf. fioners for , Earl Marlhal, their Power: Depnte Pei-s lbns to View the prefent State of the Office; Orders inladd for the oral. C613. England; and Henry, Baron of Han/don, Lord‘ J The Dedica tion of them, as they might, had accomplifhed the fame in .53, lain «alumniunan anaafifi ‘ v “ganaann_afi College of Heralds. ‘ cay, for Lack of Books, and general Exercife ‘ . therein; Garter and Clarenez'eux at open Wars for S their Livings and Profits, and the Heralds ‘ and Purfuivants, F aftions‘between them, dai— ‘ ly arrefting, fuing, and undoing One ano— ‘ ther : Their Opinions therefore were, that ‘ there could be no fpeedier Reformation of all 1‘ their Errors and Abufes, than the Re-cf’tablifh— -‘ ment of the general Office, according to the 7‘ true Extent of their Charter and Corporation; ‘ which appointed one Place, one common Seal, ‘ and mutual Confent for all their Doings -, and ‘ to be governed by the Earl Marfhal, or Mar- ‘ fhals, for the Time being, as had been ac- ‘ cuf’tomed. Out of whofe Ordinances, Sta- ‘ tutes, and Decrees heretofore made, they [Sir ‘ Edmund Hoeby andSir George Carew] had, alfo ,‘ gathered a Method, or Form of Government, ‘ which they held very expedient and necefi'ary.‘ 4‘ All which, {landing with their Lordfhips ‘ good Likings, they humbly prefented to be ra- ‘ tified by their prefent Authorities under their ‘ Hands and Seals; fo that, from henceforth, ,‘ the fame might not be altered nor fruftrated 3 ‘ but to be recorded into the Claaneery, until by ‘ Parliament it might be made an Act irrevoca- ‘ ble, to'their Lordfhips perpetual Memory.’ It was dated Septemoer 28, I596. . The Exordium of the Book fhewed fome Anti‘ quities of this Office, 7122. ‘ Firft, That it appeared unto them, the Com— ‘ miffioners, that fundry ancient Ordinances, Sta— ‘ tutes, and Decrees had been made and cita- ‘ blifhed, as well by the moft High and Mighty ‘ Prince Thomas of Lancafler, Duke of Clarence, ‘ Be. as by divers other Confiables and Earl ‘ Marfhals of England fucceeding, until the Time ‘ of Thomas late Duke of Norfolk, for the good ‘ Ef’tate, Rule, and Government of the Office ‘ and Officers of Arms. ‘ That it was manifef’t alfo by a memorable Chapter, holden by the Kings, Heralds, and Purfuivants at Roan in Normandy, tempore Hen. V, what neceffary Orders were to be had and obferved amongfl: themfelves, and their Succeffors for ever. ‘ Further, That, in the Time of Rickard III, the Kings, Heralds, and Purfuivants of Arms, were, by fpecial Charter, under the Great Seal of England, made one Body Politic in Name and Fact, and Collegiate at Coal/oarooar in the City of London -, confirming therein Garter Principal King of Arms of EngZi/Iomen, and Clarenez'eax and Norroy Provincial Kings, ,by the Name of King of the South, and King of the North, to be continued in Succefiion. ‘ Henry VII. and Henry VIII. confirmed and allowed their Letters Patents, .and, by Signa- tures, licenfed their Authorities. ~ ‘ Edward VI. amplified their Liberties and Privileges, under his Great Seal. ‘ And @6611 Mary re-ef’tablifhed their Corpoé ration in Derby-Hoaje in London, as a College wherein. the Kings, Heralds, and Purfuivants fhould inhabit, affemble, communicate, exer— cife, and keep all their Books, Rolls, and Mu- niments, for their better Erudition, and good Eflate of her Majefty’s Office of Arms. ‘ All which being, for many Years, difconti— nued, through great Diforders amongf’c them- felves, and the Non—refidence of. late Earl ‘Marfhals, whereby many grofs Abfurdities and Abufes had been ingendered and committed: It was now her Majef’cy’s high Will and Plea— fure, that they, the faid Commiffioners, fhould enquire, fee'into, and reform all fuch Errors and Abufes as they found in the faid Office, ., and Officers of Arms : And therefore had ef’ta— ‘ blifhed fuch good Orders and Decrees, as might 4. hlflfil A ) .4 from henceforth by no Remove, Clerrge, ’or ‘ Eleétion of any Earl Marfhal, or Martinis,- ‘ be revoked, altered, or made void, any Candi- ‘ nance, Statute, Act of Office, Charter, or De~ ‘ cree heretofore made to the contrary hereof not- ‘ withftanding.’ And then follow the Orders. The Titles , Booki; whereof are, I. The Site of the Houfe approprir ated to the College of Heralds. II . Records to be 1afely kept. III. Daily Attendance in the Of—T fice. IV. Prerogative and Office of Garter. V. Burials, {9%. for Garter. VI. Office of Pro- vincial Kings. VII. Burials, fife. for the Pro- vincial Kings. VIII. Arms to be giVen with Confent of the Earl Marfhal. or publifh Arms to Pofterity, without Privity of the Office. X. Chapters to be holden for Learn- ing, Knowledge, and Doubts. XI. Allowance of Purfuivants. XII. Avoiding of Controverfies, the Gall hitherto among them. XIII. How far Authority is yielded to the King’s Chapter. .XIV. Power in Vifitations. ance and due Keeping of thefe Statutes. The common Practice of attaining to Prefer— ment in this Office is gradual : Firft, a Purfui-fl vant, then, a Herald, before any arrive to the Profit and Honour of a Ifing at Arms. A very IX. None to trick t XV. Oath for Perform—r Preferments in this Office obtained gra- dually. proper and reafonable Method, 'that the Heralds fhould be taken'from the Purfuivants, and the Kings out of the Numbers of the Heralds, and that generally by Antiquity of Standing; where— by the Hope of future Advancement might be a Spur to their Diligence in the Study of Arms ~, and that Kings, by long Training tip in that Sci- ence, might be fubfiantially learned, and exer- cifed in the Hiltory of Honour and Arms, of whom the greatel’t Knowledge in fuclr Points was reafonably looked for, f0 as to be the Arbi- trator's of thofe Matters, and to whom the reft were to apply themfelves for Refolution in any Difficulties or Qiefiions thereof. And, therefore, when Mr. St. George, after- ward Sir Ric/card St. George, a learned Man, and of great acquired Knowledge, particularly in He- raldry, was recommended to the Lords Commif- fioners, and petitioned for the Place of Norroy, the Heralds and Purfuivants petitioned the- fame Lords; fhewing, ‘ That it was contrary to all ‘ Order of the Office, nor Precedent of the like, ‘ fince. their firft Corporation ; and a great ‘ Wrong and Difgrace to them, that a Man who had never been employed in her Majef’cy’s Ser-. vice one Day, fhould overgo f0 many that had. vice, and overthrown their better Fortunes by the Hopes and Expectations of Preferment here, when it fell.’ And that this was, for a long Series of Time, the confiant Praétice, may appear to the Eye in a Table drawn out by Lant, Porterdtr's, in the Year‘ I 59 5, when himfelfftood for Advancement ‘ fpent both their Youth and Wealth in her Ser~ C 'to a Herald’s Place upOn a Vacation, in a Peti-‘ tion to the Lords in Commiffion. By which Ta- ble may be feen the Names of all this College,- from the Times of King Edward IV, and their gradual Preferments, unto the latter End of: (lueen Eli/abet}: : It is intitled, A Catalogue of all the Ofieerr of Arms, [berating how they have raj/en [2y Degreer; ‘ F irf’t, to be a l’urfuivant Extraordi»~ ‘ nary, then, a Purfuivant in Ordinary, after ‘ that, an Herald, and, laftly, a King of Arms. ‘ Which Order hath been obferved, as herein ap~ ‘ peareth, fince King Edward IV, and long be— ‘ fore, unto this Year; confirmed by many Pre— cedents, gathered and collected by (Hanna: Lant, now Purfuivant of Arms, by the Name The Heralds petition a- gainf’t St. George; and why E A Series of the Heralds from 1460, a}; inir’io R. Edfl‘. IV. C C ‘ of Porteatlz's, who humbly befoecheth your Ho— . ‘ nour to ‘aflbrd him fuch Favour, as for many " C have obtainedfor a Herald‘s Room, that is, ‘ or . . ~ l \ I . _ , N: ~. ' ‘ ‘ - ,' , n« a V. .- \ Chap. XXIII. College of Heralds. Remarhs of fome'of them. ‘ or {hall be, next void, who hath left all other ‘ his Hopes of Preferment, to ferve her molt ‘ excellent Majef’ty. And he {hall ever be bound 1 59 for their LearnmgOr Writings, were divers in Men of the latter Days of (been Elifaheth: Of thefe I Learning in ’ {hall mention iome. this Oilice. ‘ to pray that you may long live in Happinefs . ‘ of great Honour.’ Rohert Gloper, Somerjet Herald; a Man, as of a good Wit and great Reading, fo of infinite Clover, The Heralds It may be mentioned, for the Honour of the Indui’tr and P ' 3 met/3'!- longluhllliy Heralds, that from fome of them have fprung T he Calhlogue oijonh'tleieng?d:il;e.ngltisfiia‘illflfedé r 0 1 ' ' . - . . 9 ,ahdLearning- very noble Families , and others have been a- by .lels, his Kinfman: Wherein he undertook Wryth‘e, or domed with excellent Learning. The right no- ble Family of the Wriothcflqs, Earls of Southamp- ton, was derived from 7ohn Wrythe, or Wri— o’the/ley, in the Reign of Edward IV, who was to clear the Defcents from royal Pedi tees of ou . I r Kings and (Queens. He had Abundarigce of Rolls and Pedigrees, and ancient Writings of Heral—‘ dry, which he had gathered together for his Ufe ’, Wriotlye/Iey. firfl: Antelope Purfuivant, or Falcon, according - befides vai’c Colleétions made b ' 11:33:12 _h15 to Dugdale’s Baronage -, and after, by Degrees, and Travail, touching Arms - yBlhldlfswdlflVailif: mam. came to be Garter, and received Knighthood. tion of 24. Shires; and .sz’cellanea erte b' He had Ifiiie Thomas, Garter, and William Wri- himfelf. Camden mentions him oftenwith Honoury othe/ley, York Herald, .whofe Son, Sir Thomas, was and acknowledged he made much Ufe of him iii firfl: a Clerk of the Signet in the Reign‘of King Genealogies. Glover alfo communicated to Dr: Dugdale’sBa- Henry VIII; then made Coroner and Attorney David Powell a Copy of the Hifiory of Camhria; illigegflf. 1n the Court of Common-Pleas; foon after, Prin— tranflated by H. Lloyd. He was 'thus ufeful in cipal Secretary of State; and, in the 30th of Hen— ry VIII, was fent Ambalfador to the Lady Re- gent in the Netherlands, to treat of a Marriage between King Henry and Chri/liana Dutchefs of .Milan, a beautiful Lady then in thofe Parts. Two Years after, he was made Confcable of the Caftle of Southampton ; and, two Years after that, had the like Command for the Caf’cle of Port- chcjler, and was made one of the Chamberlains. of the Exchequer. A Year after that, viz. the 35th of Henry VIII, upon the League made by King Henry and the Emperor Charles, he was ap— pointed one of the Commiffioners for Managing the Treaty conducing thereunto : And, the firfl: ‘ Day of 7anuary, the fame Year, he was advanced . he had obtained. to be a Baron, by the Title of Lord Wriothcfley, of Tichfield in the County of Southampton : Which Tichfield was a Monaf’tery newly dilfolved, which In the 36th of this King he was made Lord Chancellor of England: At the End of this Year, he was infialled Knight of the - Garter : And the King, on his Death-bed, con- Sir Pain Raet, Guienne King. W era. Monunz. p. 66x. f’cituted him one of his Executors,‘ and appoint- ed him of COuncil to Edward the Prince, his Son, that was to fucceed him. And, three Days before the faid Edward’s Coronation, he had the Title and Honour of Earl of Southampton, as appears by Patents bearing Date the 16th of‘ Fe- hruary, in the lit Year of Edward VI: But, by Reafon of the great Faétions in this Reign, he was divelted of his Office of Lord Chancellor, and put from the Council, and afterwards con- fined: And the Honour continuedgin his Fami- ly for three or four Generations, till within our MemOry. . - Yet higher Honour did the Pofierity of ano- ther Herald arrive to, roiz. Pain Root, Knight, Guienne King of Arms; who had two Daugh- ters ; flnne the younger, whom Geofirey Chaucer, our ancient famous Poet, married: By whom he had Sir Thomas Chaucer, Knight; whofe Daughter xllice was matched with Thomas Mon— tacute, Earl of Sali/hury, by whom {he had no Ifliie, and, afterward, with William De La Pole, Earl of Suflolk; who had by her j‘ohn Duke of Suflolh, and others. Roet’s other Daughter, Ca- tharine, who was the Elder, married to Sir Otes Swinford, and afterwards to 701m of Gaunt, the Great Duke of Lancafler : of whole Ifi'ue, by her, came a moft royal and illuftrious Offspring, viz. ~eight Kings, four Qieens, and five Princes of England; fix Kings and three (fileens of Scot- land -, two Cardinals, above twenty; Dukes, and almoft as many Dutcheffes, of the Kingdom of England -, divers Dukes of Scotland, and 'moft of ' all the now ancient Nobility of both thefe King- doms : Many other potent Princes, and eminent Nobility of foreign Parts. ‘ . Thole that brought Honour to this Office, promoting the Knowledge of the ancient Hilto- ry of Britain ; and would, doubtlefs, have been much more, had he not been taken away f0 ear- ly ; being, at his Death, but‘ forty-fiVe Years old. In the Parifh-Church of Cripplegate, where he was interred, is a decent Monument fet up to his Memory, with an Infeription in Latin. Francis Thynne, Lancafler Herald, was well verfed in our Engli/h Hifiory, and thoroughly ftudied in Heraldry, before he fued, Anna 1593, to be admitted into this Office : When he offer- ' ed himfelf to the Lord Burleigh, for his Skill in that Learning, to be examined even in the deep: ell Points of Armoury, which he thought could not be attained to without Knowledge of Philofophy and Hiflory. He fignified then, that he had drawn out a Series of the Lord Trea- furers, and compofed a certain circulary Pedia gree of the Earls and Vifcounts of England. In EChlilf of himfelf, thus he wrote to the aforefaid or : ‘ HOW worthy I may be thereof [the Place ‘ of an Herald, it befeemeth not me to fpeak : ‘ Becaufe to praife myfelf were Vanity; to dif- ‘ praife myfelf were Folly; and to ceinpare ‘ with any of the Office were odious. Yetthis ‘ miich, without Offence, Imay fay, That I be- ‘ feech your Lordihip to put me to Trial, whe- " therI may not, in Skill of Learning, even in ‘ the deepeflt Points of Armoury, which cannot ‘ be known without the Myfteries of Philolo— ‘ phy, and the Judgment of Hil’tories, deferve ‘ that Place as well as fome others. Many, I ‘ know, have, and do labOUr for the Offices of ‘ Clarencieux and Norroy; of whom I am not to ‘ fp‘eak, although Iknow who they are; what ‘ they can do; how learned they are; how meet ‘ for thofe Places; how able to ferve- their ‘ Prince and Country; and of how great Conti» ‘ nuance in Heraldry. But yet, if it like your ‘ who hath Wholly tied himfelf to you and to ‘ your Houfe, it may be that he which cometh ‘ lal’t, may be preferred before the firl’c.’ A late Author mentioneth feveral other of his Works, fome printed, and fome in MS. Of the former Sort are the Annals of Scotland, continued where Holling/hed left off, *viz. to the Year 1586. He was a great Catalogil’t: For, befides the Ca- talogue of the Lord T reafiirer‘s otiEngland, be— fore mentioned, he drew up a Catalogue 'of the Engli/h Cardinals, which is printed inHollzng/hed, at the End of O\ueen Mary: LtkeWife a Cata- logue of the Lord Chancellors in‘MS. ': A Ca- talogue alfo, alphabetically difpoled, of fuch as had wrote purpofely of the Englth Hifiory, whe- ther Engli/hmen orgForeigners; which is printed at the End of Hollieg/hed’s Hifiory. There are S f alfo Francis Thyme. His Applicae‘, tion to the LOrd Trea~ furer. Lordlhip to cai’t a favourable Liking 'to him, ' Writings of Thyme. All). Oxon. Hurling/h. Hithp. 11653 00‘ 160 Sir W. Segar. Sir Rich. St. George. Camden, Cla- rena’eux. 7d). Philjm'. V Gyhhon’s He- raldo Memo- rid/e. Heralds an- cient. Retain to Kings and great Nobles. Hollingflted. College of Herald‘s. alfo remaining in MS. Thynne’s Difcourfes of Arms, Collections of Antiquities, Sepulchral Infcriptions, colleéted by him as well in the Churches of England, as other Parts -, Notes on Chaucer’s Works, with which he intended to put out that Author with a Comment, though he performed it not : But he afiilted Speght with his Notes and Direé‘tions, and with confiderable Ma- terials for writing Chaucer’s Life. Sir William Segar‘, Garter, wrote a Book inti- tled, Honour Military and Civil. Sir Richard St. George, Clarencieux, another learned Man of this Office. This Gentleman was Confort with the great Antiquarians of thofe Times, Sir Rohert Cotton, Camden, Spelman, and others 3 and was one of thofe that endeavoured to revive the College or Society of the Studious of Antiquity, and their learned Meetings, that had been for fo’me Time omitted. Of him We- 'ver makes mention with Honour ‘, and, particu- larly, that he was ready to give him his Aflilt- ance, in his Book of [Incient Funeral Monument: that he was writing. - 7ohn Hart, Che/fer Herald, wrote a Book of the Engli/h Orthography. . To thefe may be added, Vincent, Brooh, Lant, Sandford, and, the elaborate Antiquarian, Sir MlliamDugdale; and, lafily, Elia: fl/hmole, Efq; hVindfor Herald. ‘ But, ini’tead of all, Camden, Clarencieux, fir- named The-Learned, is an eternal Monument of Honour to this Society : Who, befides his Mo- defiy, and Simplicity of Manners that adorned his great Learning, left two molt incomparable Books to Poflerity, his Britannia, and his Annals of (Amen Elzfaheth : To which his Remains may be added, fet forth after his Death by j‘ohn Phil- pot, Somerfet Herald -, who alfo may be reckoned among the Learned of this College, being the Author of an Hif’tory of the County and F ami- lies of Kent, called Villare Cantianum. Mr. Gyhhon, a learned Purfuivant, lately de- ceafed, hath diligently colleéted, out of the Eng— li/h and Scotch Authors, and other foreign Writ- ers, a large Account of the great and important Services of the Heralds in former Times : Which Colleétions, communicated by himfelf to me, he intitled Heraldo—Memoriale; which had been wor- thy to have been here inferted, had it not been too large. Yet the Sum I {hall digei’t as brief- ly as Ican, by {hewing thence, how ancient He— raldry hath been, their Retaining to Princes; their Employments in War and Peace, and in, Proclaiming and Publiihing weighty Things -, the great Ef’teem of them, with their Rewards -, and other Accidents that have happened to them. I And, firf‘t, as for their Antiquity : They were in Requefi among the ancient Grecianr. Homer, in his Second Book, fpeaks of nine Heralds in the Grecian Army. And the Romans made great Ufe of them; And as in MeITages of War, and the like, fo, in Funerals, it was a Cultom among them, That the Heralds difmifl‘ed the Mourn- ers, with the W 0rd Ilicet, or [re licet; i. e. You may withdraw. And this Ceremony is taken Notice of by the Defcriber of the Funeral Solem- nity of the Lord Henry de la Tour, Marflial Ge- neral of the Field and Armies of Lewis XIV. of France. “ .They have immediately retained to Kings and Princes, and have gone Abroad with them to their Wars, and in their Progrefl‘es; and have been difpatched by them to other Princes upon important Meli’ages, ‘ and efpecially upon war- like Occafions. Th'e chiefel’t Nobility alfo have had their Heralds. The Earl of Northumherland fent an Herald, named Northumherland, to King Richard II, ultimo Regni, for a fafe Conduét, to come and commune with him. The Duke of O Heraldo-MemOriale. Bedford had his Herald, named Bedford -, whom he fent, after the Crowning of Charles VII. of France, to defy him. The fame fent the fame Herald, flnno 14.3 3", from Laigny,‘to' the Lord Gaucort, to oner him Battle, which was warily refufed. The Duke of Gloucefter and Earl of Pemhrolze had his Herald, named Pemhrolee, whom he fent, Anna 1436, to defy the Duke of Burgun- dy. Charles Brandon, Duke of Sufiollr, hadESufiolle Herald, and Marteon Purfuivant. VThe‘M’ar‘quis of Dorfet kept Groohy Herald. flrthur Plantage- net, Vifcount Lifle, had Li/le Purfuivant.‘ Ba”- ron Haflings, had Haflings Purfuivant. And Sir 7am Chandois and Sir you” Family hie their Heralds, and {0 had Cardinal Woolfizy, according to Stow. ' ' 3 L The French King, contemporary with our King Henry V, had his King at Arms, named Mont— joy. The Duke of Burgundy, about that Time, had Toifon d’Or, his King at Arms. And the Scotch King hath his Kin of Arms, f’tiled Lion: And they have common y been about Princes in their Courts: And it is noted by the Hifiorian, as a firange Piece of Negligence in King Lewis XI. of France, that he had oftentimes neither Officers of Arms, nor Trumpeters, in his Court: And, therefore, when he had an Occafion for an Herald, fent a Varlet, or Yeoman, in a Coat of Arms, made of a Trumpet Banner, to KingEd~ ward IV. They have chiefly been made Ufe of in great ing Mefl'ages, Defiances, Es’c. Henry King of Ca/lile fends an Herald to the Black Prince, to know why he invaded his Kingdom. Montjoy, King of Arms, fent from Roan from the French King, and Thirty-five of his Council, to allure King Henry V. he fhould have Battle given him : And King Henry gave him a great Reward, as well as a gallant Anfwer. Again, they fent an Herald to the faid King, in a fcofling Way, to demand what Ranfom he was willing to give : ,To which he returned a. flaid and fober Anfwer. This was before the Battle of Agincourt, flnno 1403. After they were broken and defeated, King Henry, perceiving they began to rally, fent an He- rald to them, alluring them, that, if they perfifiz- ed, he would not only flay all the Prifoners al- ready taken, but all fuch as he fhould take here-_ after. ‘ After the Battle, Montjoy, and four other He; ralds, came to know the Number of the Pri- foners, and to‘defire Burial of the Dead: And the King granted their Requeft, and feafled them. Mefl'ages previous to War and Defiances were ufed to be done by Heralds. ' ' Denunciation of War, between Princes, was by Heralds. The French King’s Marfhal, Bonciquaut, by an Herald, denounced War againf’t Pope Benedic‘t XIII, upon hisRefufal to furrender the Pope- dom. A French Herald at Arms, Anne 1635, fent from Paris to Flanders, by Sound of Trumpet denounced and proclaimed War againi’t the King of Spain, and all his Dominions. This Herald fixed up and left the Defiance in all the Towns as he paired. Henry V, in the Third of his Reign, fent An- telope Purfuivant at Arms from Southampton to the French King, to demand Refiitution of what he detained wrongfully from him. I/Vindfor Herald was fent, flnno 14.1 8, to fum- mon Roan. Edward IV. fent an Officer at Arms, 3. Norman born, to defy the French King, Lewis XI, Anne l 1474- . 4. The Wars, between Princes in Hoi’tility, for carry- W , Book I. We‘ver,p.68 3; Stozu’s Chron; Employed i4 ar. Denouncé War. Harwel’s £122.; p. 204.. ChaP- XXIII. College of Heralds; Heraldo- Memoriale; Hey]. Geogr. p. :04. Heralds in and after Bat- ties. Holling/hcd. And in Com- bats. Holling/hed. The Duke of Bedford fends Bed-ford his Herald to defy Charles VII, the French King: And Hum- phry Duke of Gloucdter, by his Herald, defies the Duke of Burgundy. The Emperor’s Herald defies Francis, the firf’t King of France: And, giving his Matter all his Titles of Caflile, Leon, flrragon, Naples, 65c. in a 7 long Roll, King Francis commanded his Heralds to receive the Challenge, and’ repeat France as many Times, as the other had Kingdoms and petty Titles. The Earl roy King of Arms to the Captain of Hayton Ca/tle, which was one of the f’trongei’c Places between Bcrwicle and Edinhurgh, to deliver him the faid Caitle, which he refufed, affirming, he was all fured of ready Succours. ‘ Whilfl: the faid Earl lay at Hayton, the King of Scotland fent to him Marchamont and another Herald, with a Challenge, either to fight Army to Army, or Per-fon to Perfon, upon certain Con- ditions -, which Conditions were refufed upon dif- creet Confiderations : And the Earl fent back the Herald well rewarded. The Duke of Bedford, prime Hen. VII, marching againlt the Rebels, headed by the Lord Level, commanded the Heralds to make Proclamation, that, if they would lay down their Arms, they ihould have Pardon. Heralds alfo have been employed in and after Battles fought, as in fome Infiances before. The Battle of Vcruoil, flnno 14.24., in the Reign of Henry VI, was f0 uncertain, for a While, that no Herald could tell to which Party Fortune would be favourable. Afterwards, by Report of Mont- joy, King of Arms for France, and the Englz/h Heralds, 'there prefent, were flain of the French and Scots 9700, and of the Engli 2 100. As in public Wars, f0 they have been con- cerned about private Combats and Challenges. In the Year 1380, was a Combat between Sir yohn flnnefly and Thomas Katrington, who was ac- cufed by the faid Knight for betraying the For- trefs of St. Saviour, in the I/le of Con/lantine in Normandy. The Heralds in this Combat did their Duty, in calling the Combatants to the Performance thereof. . The Heralds did the fame likewife in the fa- mous Combat intended between the Dukes of He- reford and Norfolk, which the King took up. The ceremonial Circumf’tances and Proceedings . are well worthy the Reading. In Julls.‘ EmpIOyed in Peace. Britannia. Paradine. At Chrifien- ings of Princes. In a Combat Anna 14.67, between the Baftard of Burgoine and the Lord Scales,'the Advice of the Officers of Arms, as well as of the Conl’ta— ble and Marflial, was afked and followed. They have likewife been employed in Jufts and Turnaments. Nor have they only been ufed in War, but in Peace alfo ; as in Proclamations and Cavalcades, in attending Funerals, in giving Coats of Arms, and fuch—like. When Knights have been created, they have been proclaimed by the Voice of Heralds. So Camden {hews in his learned Book, that Knights made in Scotland are proclaimed by the public Voice of an Herald. At the Baptifm of Madame Ifahelle de France, to whom our King Henry VIII. was Godfather, the Infant’s Name was proclaimed by the Kings and Heralds of Arms, both of France and Eng- land; having their Coats of Arms adorned with the Arms of both Kings. Heralds attended at the Chriftening of (been Elifaheth and King Edward. The Proclamation of the Truce between King Henry II. of France and Charles V, Emperor, with his Son Philip King of England, was per-l formed by four Heralds. ' 0f Surry, 13 Henry VII, fent Nor- ' i6 2 When Pope Clement VII. as ‘ " '" fiilles, three Heralds at Arm: miticcclizteiqfi‘cflfih fifty Swiflérs braVely apparelled, theJHe:31§: $1312 Coats of Arms blue, withiFlowers dc Lys of And, When Ferdinand, Anna r 2. ‘1 I V‘ . . made King of the Romans, beforg hlinwvtzrlftlejd Pam“ Troops, and an Herald at Arms, whom follow; CBC; 132:1. Matter of the Ceremonies with the royal But, lately, when Frederic Duke; of Prufla was to be proclaimed King of thatTCounu-y the Grand Marfhal of the Court, and the~ drand Marihal of Pruflia, went at the Head of a great Number of Gentlemen, richly clad and well mounted. Then followed twelve Heralds I at Arms, preceded by four-and-twenty Trumpets and two Kettle Drums, and followed by a ‘Squaé dron of Dragoons. The Cavalcade havinglhewecl itfelf in the principal Streets of the City of Cloning]; herg, the Heralds made the Proclamation : A ‘ great deal of Difference, as to Heralds, between King Ferdinand and King Frederic. ' ' . The King of the Heralds, and his Fellows, pro: Fox’s ll’fafl ganged the King’s new Stile of Defender of the {7’01- azt . They are honourably employed alfo in: attend: MarfhalFus ing at, and marfhalling Funerals of the Nobility nerds- and Gentry, though that confiderable Part of their Office is, n0w~days, unjuf’tly invaded by Tradefm‘en and Shopkeepers. ’ Mercator, in Lorrain, Ihews how the Body of Atldsi Charles the Bold, Duke of Burgundy, was, by Boi- fet, Herald of the Golden Fleece, at the Com- rgand of Charles V, tranfported from Nantz to rages. . And, as they give, Coats of Arms. Non folum potejtas conferendi nova In/z‘gnia fed poteflas augendi, mutandi, diminuendi infignia Lal’tly, Sometimes a Commiflion of .Review is commimofi- granted by the King under the Broad Seal, to of Review. confider and judge again what was decreed in the Court of Delegates. But this is but feldom, and upon great, and fuch as (hall be judged jufl: C aufes by the Lord Keeper : And this time pure- ly by the King’s Prerogative; fince, by the A8: of Delegates, no farther Appeals were to be had or made from thofe Commiflioners, as was men— tioned before. _ IV. The Praétifers in thefe Courts are of two praairers in Sorts, Advocates and Proétors. thefe Courtsé Advocates are fuch as have taken their De- Advocates. gree of Doctor in the Faculty of the Civil Law, or, when this Kingdom fubmitted to the Papal See, of the Canon Law, or of the Decrees; that is, Canons and Decrees made and enjoined by Popes. Thefe are retained as Counfellors or Pleaders. ’And they muf’t, firf’t, upon their Peti— tions to the Archbifhop, have hisFiat 5 and then they are admitted by the Judge to praétife; The Manner of their Admiflion is folemn.‘ Two fe- nior Advocates, in their fcarlet Robes, with the Mace carried before them, conduft the Doétor up the Court with three low Reverences, and prefent him with a fliort Latin Speech, together with the Archbilhop’s Refcript : And then, hav- ing taken the Oaths, the Judge admits him, and afligns him a Place or Seat in the Court; which he is ever to keep, when he pleads. The Habits they ufe in Court, both Judges TheirHabits. and Advocates, are a fcarlet Robe, and a Hood lined with .Tafi'ata, if they be of Oxford; if of Cambridge, Chap. Their Num- her. Proflors. Numbers of the Proctors ‘ reduced by Archbilhop Cranmer. XXIV. Doctors Commons. Prokiaitioas. Camoridge, white Minever, and round Caps of A .black Velvet. Anne 1 58 5, the Doctors then inhabiting the Commons, and Exercents in thefe Courts, were, Dr. Bartholomew Clark, Dean of the Arches. Anorey, Mow/e, Martin, Stanltepe, Ske'oington, 'Cefar, Ford, yones, Lloyd, Dane, Gifford, Smith, Creke, Drary, Gilkert, Farrer, but Sixteen or Se— Venteen in all; which Number is now confidera- bly increafed; the Doctors Exercent in thefe Courts, in the Year 1694., being F orty-four. Proétors, or Procurators, the other Sort of Praétifers, are they that exhibit their Proxies for their Clients, and make themfelves Parties for them, who draw and give Pleas, or Libels and Allegations, in Behalf of their Clients, produce Witneffes, prepare Caufes for Sentence, and at- tend the Advocates with the Proceedings. They are admitted alfo by the Archbiihop’s Fiat, intro- duced by two fenior Proétors. They wear black ' Robes, and Hoods lined with white Fur. Anno I 58 5, The Number of the Proétors then I cannOt punélually affign; but the chief Prao tifers then, and living about the Commons, were, Francis Clark, Wkeeler, Barker, Swinkorn, Plai- lip Morgan. In the Year 1694., the Number of the Proc- tors were Forty—three. ’ . Yet, in Henry VIII’s Time, the Numbers of the Proé’tors were found a Grievance : And, that they were fo clamorous, by Reafon of the Plen- ty of them, that neither Judges nor Advocates could be heard : That they retained and conclud— ed Caufes, oftentimes, without the Advocates, and thruf’c themfelves into Caufes, without the Knowledge or Will of the Parties. In Order to the Reducing thefe Evils, Archbifhop Cranmer, that great and ever memorable Reformer of A— bufes, thought good to begin with Refiraining of the Numbers of them. And, whereas they were about Twenty in the Court of the Are/oes, and Twenty—four more, he made an Order that, thenceforth, there ihould be no more admitted, till the Number-.were reduced to Ten, and then that Number never to be increafed : And this was confirmed by the Chapter and Convent of Clarifl—Clmrelt, Canterbury. Though fome looked upon this as a Craft of the Proétors of that Time, that, all others being excluded from being Proc— tors, they might have all the Bufinefs of the Arches in their own Hands. But this Order gave Offence to many, and a Petition was drawn up againi’t it, and prefented to the Parliament : Therein they ihewed, how prejudicial this would be to the Commonwealth, becaufe the Number of ten Perfons was not fuflicient to difpatch the Caufes that came into that Court, and f0 there muft be Delays and prolix Suits; and that it was a great Difcouragernent to young Men in i’tudy- ! ing the Law, and contrary to the Canon and The prefent Number of Profiors. TS. The Terms and Sittings. Civil Law, that permits any Man to be Proctor for another, a few excepted. Thus much for thofe Prattitioners, the Proétors. - At this Time the Cafe is altered :——The Sta— tutes, at prefent, limiting the Number of Proc— tors at Thirty—four, befides Supernumeraries ; and, in Order to rei’train the Number, no Proc— tor can take a Clerk, till he has been a Numerary five Years; nor can he take a Second, till the Firi’t hath ferved five Years of his Clerkihip. V. The Terms for the Profecuting, Pleading, and final Adjudication of Caufes, are but little different, in their Commencement, from the Term—times of the Common Law, but continue longer: The Order, as to the Time of Sitting of thefe Courts, is thus : The Arches Court hath the Pre-eminence of Sitting firi’t, the next Day the Admiralty, the following the Prerogative, the I 7 3 fubfequent the Delegates, and the D3. of” ‘ BlfllOp of London’s : Formerly, fomd of'teihtdi": Courts were held in an Afternoon, but, at pre- fenrtr,heatéi ll kept in the Morning] is o ege was confumed b. the eneralDe- .3 vaitation that happened by Fire 30 thegCity, Anna Eight-Clings I666 : And then Exeter—Hoafi in the Strand was Exffer'Houfls’ employed for the fame Ufe, where the Civilians had their Chambers and Offices, and the Courts were kept in the Hall. But, after fome Years, the Commons being rebuilt far more conveniently, and more fumptuoufly than before, the Civilians rergoved1 tlkitlierfagain. or t e e ie of the Sub’eé‘ts, in Cafe of an i i' hard Dealings, feared from JCivil or Ecclefiaitilr: idoclill giggles Laws, the Lords Chief Jui’tices mayfltop Proceed- in” theTem' ings in thefe Courts, and call the Matters in Con— For a1 0mm” troverfy to be heard before them, by a Writ of Prohibition: Which lies of one that is implead- ed‘in the Court Clori/tian for a Caufe that belong- eth to the TempOral Jurifdié‘tion : Whereby, as well the Party and his Council, as the Judge him- felf and the Regifier, are forbidden to proceed any further in that Caufe. The Law Books {hew the Caufes for which this Prohibition lies. Brat-ton faith, it lies not after a Sentence given in any Caufe. ' ' But thefe Prohibitions Were f0 frequently grant- Complained ed, and in Caufes that feemediproperly Ecclefiaf- 0ft tical, that the Civilians and Ecclefiaftics have, fometimes, made great Complaints of them, as exceeding injurious to their Praftice, and vexatia ous to the Subject; and alfo feeming to derogate from the fupreme Authority, in taking away Caufes from the Higla Commiflon and Delegates, which acted by a fpecial Commifiion from the Prince. Thus, in the Year 157 3, under Archbifhop Under Arch- Parker, the Judge of the Admiralty being Dr. bilhopParker. David Lewis, the Lord Chief Jul’tice had very often granted Prohibitions out of the Court of King’s~Benel9 to this Court, almoft to the Ruin of it : Whereupon, in the Year aforefaid, the Lord Admiral ufed {harp Speeches to him for it; and . warned Dr. Lewis, that, when fuch Prohibitions 'fhould be granted again, to fpare to move the Lord Chief Juftice, but to make the Lord Trea- furer acquainted with it. Accordingly, when another Prohibition was granted the fame Year, Dr. Lewis wrote of it to the Lord Treafurer, fig- nifying what juft Caufe of Grief he 'had, by Rea— fon of a Prohibition granted the Day before in a Caufe which he had defcribed in a Paper inclofed. And that this, and one more before, Were two fuch Precedents, that, if they took Place, in {hort Time would utterly overthrow the Jurifdiftion of the Admiralty: That he was therefore forCed to crave his Lordfhip’s Favour to be a Means to the Lord Chief Juftice that Day, and efpecially to his Colleagues, fince, as far as he could perceive, his Lordlhip had no Liking of the Prohibition, to fiay the fame. He added, that, if thefe Prohid bitions were not prevented, he fhould not be able to fhew his Face in that Court any more; thefe Prohibitions tending fo much to his Difcredit, and the utter Ruin and Sfibverfion of the Jurif- difiion of the Admiralty. In the Year I 580, under Grindal, the next Under Arth. Archbifhop, Dr._ Lewis complained again to the 21311013 Grim Lord Treafurer of the Decay. of his Office, and 4' drew up the prefent mean State of the Judge and Court of Admiralty. He fliewed how the Caufes which were treated of in this Court, proceeded only upon Things done upon and beyond the Seas; and yet the Judge could not CHJOY the fame, by Reafon of Prohibitions out of her Ma- jefiy’s Benela, denied to none that would fue for them. By Reafon whereof, and that the Suitors to this Court were many Times vested with Ac- ’ trons 174 Under Arch- biihop Whit— gift. Catt. Li- brar. gC/eopa - Ira. I". 1. Statute ale Con- , fie]. 1472710 24. Ed. I, 14mm 2. Hen. V, Cap. 3, 4. Ed. IV, F0]. 37. 31 Hen. VI, F0]. 12,. Anna I R. III, F0]. 4. 38 Hen. VI, F01. 22. Doétors Commons. Prohihitienr. tions upon the Cafe for Suing there, Merchants and Mariner-s were fo terrified as they forfook the Court of fla’miralty, and filed for Things done beyond and upon the Sea, at the Common Law, in her Majefiy’s Bench, and in the Guildhall of London: And the fame were maintained there by furmifing the Matters to be contrafted in fome Place upon the Land: Whereas, in Truth, the fame was done beyond and upon the Sea, and there might no Traverfe be admitted, touching the Place. ’ . And thefe Prohibitions were grievous .to the other Courts as well as this, and ehiefly the EC: clefial’tical., Again, about the Year 1598, under Archbi— fhop Whitgift, thefe Prohibitions lay heavy upon the Civil Courts : And then a notable Paper was drawn up for the Confideration of the Qiee‘n or the Parliament, intitled, Certain Collections and Inference: concerning Matter of Prohihitiens and; Confultation: : Not unfit to he thought upon for the j hetter Prefe’rvation of her Majcyty’s 7uri/clittien Ec- clefla/tical, which were thefe, Viz. \ I. Since, by the Laws and Inititutes of this Realm, the Libel is appointed as'a Rule for the Granting of Prohibitions and Confultations, How can a Prohibition duly'be granted, either before the Libel is exhibited in the Eccleliaitical Court, or without Sight and diligent Perufal thereof, or upon any other Matter or Suggefiion that may be probably gathered out of the fame ? II. Where the Caufe originally is undoubtedly of Ecclefiaf’tical Cognizance, why fhould any Prohibition be granted, as almoi’c all are, upon any Matter pleaded at Bar, or by Way of Ex- ception, though merely Temporal ; the Law it- felf and common Reafon being plain and evi- dent to the contrary? For fuch Matter incident comes not there to be finally fentenced and deter- mined: But it is ufed as a Means ‘and‘Further- ance for the Decifion of his Principal. And, fup— pofing the Law were otherwife, then might ei- ther Party, at their Pleafure, by pleading fome Matter Temporal, make any Caufe Ecclefialtical whatfoever, fubjeét to a Prohibition ? . III. Since the Prohibition once granted, though never f0 unduly, mul’t needs bring with it Delay of Juftice, intolerable Expences, and many great Inconveniencies to the Party prohibited -, Why are Prohibitions fo ufually granted, without call- ing or hearing both Parties, and the Judge Ec— clefiaf’tical alfo, fl faapataverit intercfle, contrary to the common Rules of Juf’tice in all Caufes, efpecially in Matters of fo great Prejudice? IV. Can it be thought expedient, or reafonable, that the Plaintiff, making Choice of the CoUrt Chri/tian for his Relief, ihould afterwards, in the fame Caufe, be fufi’ered to procure a Prohibition 9 Were it not found Difcretion and Policy to cut oh“ fuch wilful malicious Vexation of a Subjeft, and public Scandal to Juf’tice, howfoever the Law be defective and filent in that Behalf? V. To fue for a Prohibition, not till after Con- clulion in the Caufe, is very prepof’terous and in- convenient: But, after Sentence given, in Bratton’s Opinion, is altogether unlawful ; much more af- ter two or three Infiances, and as many Sentences pafizz And yet, in all thefe Cafes, Prohibitions are common and ordinary. . VI. What Law or Reafon can be pretended, why the Judge Ecclefial’tical, after Confultation delivered unto him, may not condemn the Party who brings the Prohibition, in Expenfl: retardati preceflac, in Cafe the Judges ihould refufe, as oftentimes they do, to alTefs double Cof’c and Da— mage, ”according to the Statute, or in any other Cafe Whatfoever, wherein the Judges can, or will, allow no Charges at all. ; .VII. If, in the Prohibition, directed to the Ec— ._1, l clefiafiical Judge, the Suggei’tions appeared nota— bly falfe, vain, or frivolous, as in fome of late hath been feen; Why may not the Temporal Judge, in that Cafe, juitly be prefumed witting- ly and willingly to infringe the Liberties Of the Church; and, thereupon, after due Circum— Itances obferved, be declared and denounced ex- communicate, according to the Statute in that Behalf efisablifhed P VIII. Is there either Warrant or Colour of Law, that any Prohibition Ihould be grounded upon any of thefe Surmifes, viz. That Matters Teftamentary and Matrimonial only are Ecclefi- aftical; or that the Law Civil requireth two Witneffes, where the Common Law accepteth of V one? Seeing, by the firft Suggeftion, divers and fundry Caufes undoubtedly known, and confefl‘ed to be of Ecclefiaftical Cognizance, are falfly fuppofed to be of Temporal Jurifdit‘tion; and, by the fecond, unlearnedly mifconceived, no Caufe f0 purely Spiritual, but muft be determined at the Common Law. IX. Were it not very convenient and necefl'a— ry, confidering the very long, and tedious, and chargeable Suits in obtaining Confultations, to— gether with the manifold Difficulties which ac- company fuch unwelcome Motions, that the Temporal Judges would be pleafed, for Relief of poor Subjeéts, within fome reafonable and competent Time, ’to determine the @efiions de- pending before them, as touching Confultations. And that, hereafter, the Spiritual Courts be not kept in Sufpence for two, three, or four Years 3 as often it hath been, before the Confultations can be procured, notwithi’tanding the bell: and uttermoft EndeavoUrs of the Defendant, and the manifold Juftice of this Demand. X. It feemeth by the Scope and Purport of all the molt ancient Statutes in that Behalf provid- ed, that‘ the Prohibitions and Confultations, as other original Writs, ought not to \be granted but in the Court of Chancery by the Lord Chan- cellor of England. And, howfoever of late Years the Courfe hath been drawn another Way, yet, no doubt, the Power of the Chancellor is no whit thereby rei’trained, but that he may lawfully, and it were to be wilhed he would, refume and put in Execution his ancient Right and Authori~ ty : So fhould not her Majelty’s Ecclefiafiical Jurifdiétion be driven, as now it is, to admit the Cenfure and Judgment of thofe, who indeed are principal Parties as touching the Qieflion of Pro- hibitions. XI. What Caufe or Grievance fo-ever cannot be redrefled by any Writ but of the Chancery, I there the Statute exprefly forbiddeth the King’s Prohibition to take Place; 'but it is manifeft and notorious, that molt of the Prohibitions now-a- days, or rather all, are granted in Stay of fuch Complaints, as wherein neither by any Writ out of the Chancery, nor any other Courfe of Pro- ceeding at the Common Law, the Subject can receiVe found Juftice, or final Cenfure. XII. Can it be warranted, either by Law or Statute, that,~ after a Confultation once granted in the King’s—Bench, a fecond Prohibition fhould be gotten out of the Common-Pleas in the fame Caufe, the Matter not being augmented, en- larged, nor otherwife altered: And yet, howfo- ever the Statute be plain and evident to the con- trary, divers fuch Prohibitions have been of late obtained. XIII. If fuch Care and Confideration had been taken in the Granting of Prohibitions, as were fit and neceH‘ary for Caufes of fo great Moment, the Judges Temporal would never have granted f0 many Confultations as have been granted with- in the Compafs of three or four Years. XIV. F orafmuch as both the Jurifdiélion Ec- ‘ ~ ' clefiafiical Book I . Anna 25 Ed. I. Anna 24151.12 Anna lEd. III, Cap. 11. Anna 18 Ed. III, Cap. 5. Anna 24 Ed, H 1mm :0 Ed. Ill, Cap. 4. , Chap. ' XXIV. clefiafiical and Temporal are now united in the Crown of the Realm, which were, heretofore, do faflo fevered, and derived from feveral Heads and Authorities; and for that the Ground and true original ‘Caufe of Prohibitions was none other than the aforefaid Severance and Partition of Ju—x rifdiftions; may it not be very probably drawn into uei’tion, Whether, as the Cafe now frand- eth, any Prohibition at all may, in found Con— firuétion of Law, be warranted , at leaft, 'how the Form and Manner of Prohibitions, heretofore ufed, may now, without Offence and Derogation to the QJeen’s Prerogative Ecclefiaf’tical, be re— tained and praétifed? As though the two Jurif- dictions remained now diilintt, and as feveral as before, and as though her Majei’ty’s Jurifdiétion Ecclefiai’tical may not, with as little Prejudice to the Crown, encroach upon the Temporal, as the Temporal may upon the Ecclefiaf’tical. ‘ XV. But in Cafe the Prohibition, by Force of fo many Years Ufe and Cui‘tom, may nOt now , conveniently be difcontinued, either in Matter or Manner -, yet, in true Senfe and Mdaning of Law, what Reafon can be devifed why the Prohibition {hould be extended to the Refiraint‘of her Ma- jefty’s High Commifiion, or Court of Delegates, both of them being authorifed under the Great Seal of England,- and efiablilhed by Aft of Parli- ament; and neither of them f0 much as thOught upon for divers hundred‘Years after the Prohibi— tion was current in England; neither by Colour of anyArgument or Similitude can be drawn to the Cafe of ordinary Jurifdiétion, either as then it was, or now it is ufed ?' _ XVI. And, for that her Majel’ty’s Delegates have no general Commifiion ad anioerfltafem Can— farnm, but for every feveral Caufe of Appeal re- ceive a fpecial and particular Commifiion, it may feem fomewhat firange and extraordinary, that \ any Subjects fhould prefume to countermand her Under Arch- biihop Ban- croft. The Convo— cation petiti- {on King yam“ I. a- bout Prohi— bitions. Cotton Libra- ry, Cleopatra, Folio 2, Majef’ty’s exprefs Command, and to forbid the Judges Delegates. to proceed any further in any one Caufe, which her» Majefiy hath efpecially and particularly commanded them to hear and determine. - And, as through the Reign of ' @een Eli a- bet/a, under three Archbilhops, thefe Prohibitions were thus {tomached by the Civilians; f0, in the Reign of King 7mm: I, under Archbifliop Ban- croft, in the Year 1606, the ConvocatiOn.then met, ftirred in it, and prayed fome Redrefs, by a Petition from theL—ower Houfe to the King, to this Tenor : y a ' ‘ Moft humbly befeeching your mof’t excellent ‘ Majei‘ty, your faithful Subjects, the Clergyof ‘ the LOWer Houfe of Convocation, for them— felves, and the refl: of their Brethren in the Mi— niftry: That whereas they have been very much, of late Years, defrauded of their Tithes, and debarred from obtaining their Right, due unto them by your excellent LaWs of this Church, through Prohibitions procured, by thofe which wrong them, out of your Majefiy’s Temporal Courts, to your Suppliants great, ‘ ‘ Hindrance, Molei’tation, and utter Impoverifh— ‘ ing in Time, if Remedy be not provided; be— ‘ fide the Stopping of Juf‘rice, Occafion of Per- ‘ jury, and further Wrong, and Overthrow of ‘ your Ecclefiafiical Jurifdiétion, as though it ‘ were an unjufl: Ufurpation of foreign Power a- ‘ gainft your Majefiy and Crown -, and not to do ‘ Execution of your Majefiy’s own rightful POW- ‘ er and Jurifdiftion in Caufes Eccleliafiical :‘It ‘ may‘pleafe your molt excellent Majeity, upon 9 dueNotice given, and in tender Confideration ‘ of our Grievances herein, to take fome fpeedy ‘ Order’for the Help and/Relief of the fame, in ‘ fuch Manner as to your Highnefs’s Wifdom, ‘ Piety, and Clemency {hall feemjuf't, fit, and Doctors ComtnOns‘. ‘ not deprive a Bifhop, Probioitionr. , ‘ convenient. And your 'Ma' ft ’ n in“ ‘ je. ys Su hunts {hall evermore, as they are. bound, igith all ‘ 'dlflf I hlankfulnefs. pray unto God for your Mae ‘ je y’s on and ha Life, d f ‘ Reign, {6%} ppy an pro perous The Bifhop of StzDam'd’s was fued in a Court held at Lamoetb, before the ArChbilho'p of Cantorouify himfelf in ‘Perfon, for Simony,‘ and feveralother Offences; and now he moved'for a ProhibitIOn, and the Suggeftidn was, that he was cited to Lamoefla, and not to the Arc/oar, and, ~ alfo, that he was cited before the Archbifhop' himfelf, and not before his Vicar—General, and the Proceeding againft him was, in Order to ‘a Deprivation; Et per Curtain :, ‘ ' . . F hit, The Archbifhop hath a:provincial Pow- fer over all the Bilhops of his Province, and may hold his Court where he pleafes -, and he may convene before himfelf, and ,fit Judge himfelf, and f0 may any, other Bifhop 3 for (the Power of a Chancellor, or Vicar-General, ,isonly'delegat— ed in Cafe of theBifhop. . , i —. . , Secondly, The'Court held, that the Spiritual Court might proceed to punifh him for any’Of—' fence done againft .the Duty of his Office as Bi- fhop, and as it relates to that. For Ecclefiaf’ti— cal Perfons are fubjeét to the Canons -, theft: of 1640 have been quef’tioned, but no Doubt was ever made as to thofe of 1603. And, as the Clergy are under different Rules and‘Duties, . it is but reafonable, that, if an Ecclefiafl'ical Perfon offend in his Ecclefiaflical Duty, he ihould be punilhable for it in the Ecclefiaftical Court, ';e-‘ fpecially if it be in a Matter for which he ’is not puniihable at Common Law; and it is but fit the Clergy {hould have a Power to purge their own Body, from fcan‘dalous Members. Cawdry’s Cafewas remarkable, for he was deprived for Preaching againfl: the Common Prayer, and, yet, being the firft Inf’tance, there was another Pu— nifhment appointed by the Statute. Vida 31 E. 3.: C. 4. 2 Infl. 586i . . 7 . The Ecclefiaf’tical Court msypunifh anyEce‘ clefial’tical Officer for Extortion ;' They may PW nilh for Ferging of Orders. Vida K617. 39. They. may punifh Perjury committed in a Spiritual Court, and a Spiritual Matter, as Matrimony; not hit; Temporal Matter, as in Contraéts, but this is not‘fettled per Holt. Vidog C70. 788. ': Si”. mony is determinablefin the Spiritual Court, and not here; for it was not luppofed, at Common Law, which is‘ the Reafon therewassno Damages magnate Impra’z't. .Via’e 4. Co.,=49. :22. ‘3. Infl. 204., Biihops deprived fOr Dilapidationsr , A u AProhibition being denied,- the :Archbi op went on, and'gave Sentence. of .‘DeprivationfaJ gainft the Bifhop of St. Danidis; upon this, the Bilhop‘of St. Dania’is appealed, to the Delegates; and, «in .Mz'cloJII iWVIlI, fug’gefting that, by therCOmmon Law,pthe Archbifhop alone could and that theDo/egaz‘eg re: fufed to admit his Allegations, he .moVed rum Prohibition, urging, that allBiIhops were Baa. rons, €97 interfe Peers: Ez‘ good parin paremjms periunz; non balm. And that, though a Bifliop may be cenfured, yet he cannot be deprived by' an Archbifh‘op, becaufe their'Ternporalit—ies, which are proteéted by Common Law, ._ cerned. Vid. 14 EJIII, C. 3. But it ought'tobe done 'by Convocation, which Holt, C. J .’ {aid was a new Fancy of Sir Bartholomew Shower 5, or by the Ecclefiaitical Commiflion. ,. 7 , HereuponHolt, C. J. and the rei’c held, an Archbiihop had Power over his Suffragans, and- might de’ rive them; that Bifhops [are co-ordi‘ hate; or [sores juice Dioino, but not fare Humano, otherwife their Inflitution would b6: to no End.- That- their Peerage is by Reafonnf theu‘Barony; that feve‘ral Abbots fat in the-Houfi? 01‘ Lords in Y Y , former are con" T; SB 176 Doéiors Commons. former Times, and it might as well be pretend- ed they were therefore exempt from the Biihop, and Could not be deprived. That, by the Com— mon Law, the Archbiihop has a metropolitical Jtirifdiétion; and that Archbifhops are over Bi~ fliops, as well as Biihops are over the other Cler- gy. That his Power was ufurped upon and d1— minifhed by the Pope,- but refiored to its Extent at Common Law, by the Statute of Henry VIII. That, by allowing his Power to vifit, all is ad- mitted; for he that may vifit may deprive, as well as cenfure, thefe being but feveral Degrees of Ecclefiaftical Punilhment; and, by the 26th of Henry VIII, and the 11’: of Elifaheth, Cap. 1, the only Power given to the Ecclefiafiical Com- miflioners, was, to vifit without a Word of De- privation ; yet they were always allowed a Pow- er to deprive : From the Time of Henry II. till Henry VIII, there hardly is an Infiance of the Deprivation oia Bifliop. And, it, is true, that before the 17th of Charles I, Cap. I 1, confirmed by the t 3th of Charles II, Cap. 12, which takes away the Court of High Commifiion, inf’tituted by the fit of Elifaheth, thofe Deprivations, that are of Bifhops, are by the Court of Ecclefiaftical Commiflioners; yet, the Reafon of that was, on- ly becaufe it was the caller and fliorter Way. That it is not to be quel‘tioned, but a Bifhop may be deprived. Vide I I Co. .49. He may be deprived for Dilapidations. And it is as plain, that the Law takes Notice of no other Power that regularly can deprive him; for, if Mile be, whether a Parfon be deprived or not, the Court mull write to the Bifhop; and, if If- fue be, whether a Bifhop be deprived or not, this Court mull: write to his Archbifhop to certify ; and to what Purpofe {hould the 23d of Henry VIII, Cap. 9, againit Citing out of the Diocefe, fave the Power of the Archbifliop over his Bi- ihops, if he had no Power. Vide to the fame Pur— pofe 29 Car. II, Cap. 9. 13 Car. II, Cap. I I. The Prohibition was denied, and ordered that the Suggeition be entered on Record, that the Court might enter their Reafons of Denial. Et per Holt, C. J. If it be infii’ted on, a Prohibition cannot be moved for, till the Suggel’tion be entered on a Roll. Afterwards Holt, C. J. faid, that the Bifliop of St. David’s moved the Houfe of Lords for a Writ of Error, upon this Denial of a Pro- hibition, and it was there held, no Writ of Er- ror lay. . A Rule was made for aProhibition to be grant- ed nifl, 65°C. to the Confii’tory Court of the Bifhop of kVinton, to Pray a Suit againf’t the Plaintiff by the Defendant, for having faid to the Defendant, ‘ Thou art a Whore,’ and for having laid to the Defendant’s Hufband, ‘ You have married an old Whore, and therefore have no Children,’ upon Suggeition of the Cui’tom of London to cart Whores, and that thefe Words were fpoken in London. Now Raymond fhewed Caufe againft this Rule, why a Prohibition ought not to be grant- ed‘: I. That this Cuftom of London was o'bfolete, and never put in Praftice. II. That it appeared here upon the Face of the Suggei’tion, that as well the Plaintiff as the Defendant lived out of the Jurii'diétion of London, viz. at Berwiek in .Middle- first, and 7ohnfon in the Parifh of St. Olave’s, South- wark : And therefore it would be hard to deprive the Defendant of puniihing the Plaintiff, for hav- , ing fpoken thefe malicious and defamatory Words, ina Court where {he may proceed, to drive her to another ‘Court where the cannot proceed, the Plaintiff living out of the Jurifdiétion of the Court; and of that Opinion was the whole Court, and Holt, Chief Jui’tice, faid, that if, in fuch Cafe, a Prohibition was granted, it would give Licence to all the Market—women, when they were in London, to defame their Neighbours , 1 without F ear of Punifhment, and the Rule was difcharged: Afterwards the fame Motion was made, in the Exchequer, by Mr. Ncl/hn, for a Prohibition, and Upon a Rule made there, to thew Caufe why a Prohibition fhould not be granted: Upon Mr. Raymond’s Motion it was difcharged, Pafch. primo Anna Regime. The following are, at prefi’nt, the 7udges Advocates, - Prottors, and Regi ers. The Right Honourable Sir Geo. Lee, Knt. Dean of the Arches, Judge of the Prerogative Court of Canterhury, one of his Majef’ty’s molt honourable Privy Council, and Treafurer to the Princefs of Wales. Sir Tho. Sali/hur , Knt. ad e of the Hi h Court of Admiralty?! J g g Dr. Geo. Paul, his Majel’cy’s Advocate-Gene- ral, Vicar-General to the Archbiihop of Canter- hury, Commifl'ary of the Royal Jurifdiétion of ' St. Catharine’s, Oflicial of the Archdeaconry of St. Alhan’s, and Regifier of the Faculties. Dr. Charles Pinfold, CommilTary of the Dean and Chapter of We/tminjter, and Oflicial of the Archdeaconry of Surry. Sir Edmund I/ham, Baronet. Dr. Thomas Walker. . Dr. Edward Simpfon,’ Chancellor of London, Judge of the Cinque Ports, and Official to the Archdeacons of Canterhury and Roehcyter. Dr. Charles Pinfold, jun. Com. of Surry, and Advocate to the Lords of the Admiralty. Dr. Arthur Collier, Commiffary and Official of the Archdeaconry of Huntington. Dr. Rohert‘ Dale, Dr. 70/. Smith. ‘ Dr. W Wall, Dr. _7ohn Taylor, Chancellor of Lincoln. ' ' Dr. Geo. Hay, Chancellor of Woreejter. Dr. Rah. 7enner, King’s-Law,Profefi‘or at Ox- ford, Dr. And. Coltee—Ducarrell. Dr. Rich. Smallhroke, Chancellor of Litchfield. Dr. Dennis Clarke, Dr. Francis T opham, Mall ter of the Faculties. Dr. 701m Bette/worth, Commifl‘ary of London, Mddlefi’x, and Barking. Dr. George Harris. Prottors of the Court of Arches. W. White. , Nath. Patten, Henry Collins. Wm. Legard, Rich. Cheflyn. Peter St. Eloy, john'Philips, fenior. 7mm: Ciefa'r, Wm. Skelton, fenior. j‘ohn Lee, Ro. Bogg, Hen. Farrant. Phil. Crejjngny, Ld. Admiral’s Proé‘tor. Cha. Alexander, Hen. Stephens. W Taverner, God. Lee Farrant. Edw. Ru/hworth, Hen. Major. . Rich. Wotton, 7ohn T renly. Geo. Bellas, Geo. Gojtling. Tho. Adderley, Nath. Bijhop. 7ohn Smith, William Ahhot. Tho. Tyndall, Efq; King’s Proétor. - Rog. Altham, Wright Bateman. ' 7ohn Ceefar, Roh. Longdon. 7o/ias Farrer, fifrey Glazier. Tho. Fanflta'w, Mark Holman, junior. j‘ofeph Hughes, yohn Smart.‘ 7ohn Grene, 7ohn Philips, junior. Ed. Chejlyn, fame: Southgate. W Skelton, jun. 7. Chapman. 7, Stevens. W. Folkes, Efq; and Edward Rich-worth, Re? giiters and Aétuaries of the Arches Court of Can- terhury. 7 Sam. Hill, Efq; Regil’cer of the High Court of Admiralty, and Court of Delegates, and High Court of Appeals for Prizes. ‘ Edward ' Book I. Chap. XXIV. Edward Rajhworth, Deputy—Regifter of the Delegates. George Bellas, Efq; Deputy High Court of Admiralty, and High Court Appeals for Prizes. William Broagh, Efq; Marihal of the High Court of Admiralty. Thomas Stone, his Deputy. - Wm. Fol/hes, Efq; Apparitor -General of the Province of C anterhary. The. Bennet, Efq; Principal Regii’ter of the Prerogative Court of Canterhary. 4 | ' Wm. Legard, Peter Eloy, and Hen. Stevens, his Deputies. Regifter of the of Clerhs in the faid Ofiee. Godfrey Lee Farrant, Henry Collins. yohn Cafar, Charles St. Eloy. Geo. Maijhal, Apparitor. H. Collins, Deputy Regif’ter of the Dean and Chapter of St. Paul’s, London. - ’ PV. Banes, Apparitor to the Dean and Chapter. yalias Cafar, Deputy Regifier of the Bilhop of PI/inchejter for Surry, and Deputy Regif’ter of the Archdeaconry of Sarry. Walter Allifon, Apparitor. Roger Altham, Efq; Seal—keeper of the High Court of Admiralty of England, Regif‘ter of the Archdeaconry of .Middlefix, Dean and Chapter of Weflminjler, and Deputy Regifter of the Bifhop of Roohejler. T ho. Potter and Geo. Gihfon, Efqrs; of the Vicar-General. Edward Ra/hworth, their Deputy. I/V. Shelton, Regii’ter of the Confif’tory Court of the Lord Bilhop of London. ‘ ‘ Geo. Gihfon, Efq; Regifter of the Commifl'ary Court of London. W. Shelton, his Deputy. :7. Herring, Apparitor to the Bifhop of London. Geo. Gihfon, Efq; Regifter of the Archdeaconry of London. Marh Holman, jun. his Deputy. ‘ Oflieers of the Court of Chivalry. Sir Edward I/ham, Bart. Afielfor to the Depu- ty Earl Marlhal. .Marh Holman, fen. Regif’ter of the Court. Prettors of the C oart of Chivalry. Wm. White, 70hn Philips, Wm. Shelton, Philip Cattery-l ROYAL SOCIETY. Reglf’ters The Royal HERE is yet a modern College, inl’titut— Society. ed for Experimental Philofop‘ny, called, 7- 5- The Royal Society, founded alfo inthis City, and a very great Ornament to it. The Meeting of the Members thereof was wont to be formerly at Gre/ham College, now in Crane-Court, Fleet-jireet. , The Original The Original of this Society was about the ofit. Years 1650, I651, 1652, at Oxford, £995. and, R- 3- about 1658, in London, when divers learned and The great judicious Perfons, of different Profeflions, ufed Benefit by to have Meetings together; all of them great ‘his Society, Improvers of Ingenuity, and Promoters of a no- for the Im' ble Defign ‘viz. the Bettering of the Condition _ rovement of ’ . . linowledge. of human Life, by a Vigorous Advancement of real Knowledge, and an Improvement of Arts and Sciences; their Bufinefs being to confider, difcover, and take Account of Philofophical Ex- periments, Obfervations, and Matters ; to view and difcourfe upon the Produétions and Rarities of Art and Nature; to confider how they may be improved, and what to deduce from them for the Benefit of Mankind, and to make a Record , ~ thereof for future Ages. And fince, their Aifembly or Inftitution, they have made a great many commendable Experi- ments, very profitable and delightful, relating to Royal Society. , 1,77 Echpfes, Meteors, Comets, and Other Celeftial Phaenomena -, likewife relatina to Mines and Minerals -, to Animals and Plcants; to Earth- quakes, fiery Eruptions, Inundations, Moun- tains, Lakes, Tides, Currents, the Depth of the Sea, with abundance of the like Works of Na- ture ." they alfo have much Advanced the Art of NaV1gation, f0 ufeful to us, and improved that of Architeéture, both Civil,‘Military, and Na- tural. 'They have alfo been very indui’trious in promoting thle Pilaanting of Trees, as well for ruits as or ‘im er, and other Ufe ' Benefit of the Nation. 5, to the great Amongf’t the firl’t Perfons that met, which was at Wadham College in Oxford, at the Lodgings of Dr. hVilhins, late Lord Bifhop of Cheyier, were Dr. Seth Ward, late Bilhop of Salijhary, the Ho- nourable Rohert Boyle, Efq; Sir William Petty, Dr.l ' Wallis, Dr. Goddard, Dr. Willis, Dr. Baihar/t, Mr. Chriflopher Wren, and fome others. And by their Meetings, for the confulting of the Matters aforefaid, they begat Applaufe, not only at Home but in foreign Parts, which aug- mented their Number, efpecially about the Year 1658, at which Time they had a Meeting at Grey/yam College; and, the greatefit Part of them living in London, they continued their Meetings at the faid College, until the Year 1660, being the Time of the Reiloration of King Charles II. foon after which, the Defign, being favoured by fome ingenious Perfons, who had followed the King in his Exile, pleafed f0 far his Majef’ty tak- ing Notice thereof, that he Was gratioufly pleafed fo to favour and incourage it, as to grant a large King Charles Charter to them, bearing Date the 23d of April, 11- granted I663, whereby they were made a Corporation -, gem a Chm“- to confift of a'Prefident, of a Council, and of ’ Fellows, for promoting the Knowledge of Natural Things, and afefal Arts, hy Experiments; wherein his Majei’ty declared himfelf to be the Founder and Patron, Sovereign and Companion of this Society; giving them Power to purchafe Lands and Houfes; to have and ufe a common Seal and Coat of Arms ; to have two Secretaries; two or more Curators of Experiments; one or more Clerks ; and two Sefieants at Mace: He likewife gave them Power to make Laws, Orders, and Confiitutions amongi’c themfelves; to have one or more Engravers and Printers, with Power to print whatfoever they {hall think good of their own Obfervations and Remarks; to take and anatomife dead Bodies, executed by Order of Law, to ereét Colleges, £536. The Coat Armour granted to this Society is the Coat ofArms. Field, three Lions of England in chief. The Creft. An Eagle. The Supporters Hunting Hounds. Emblems of Sagacity and Search. Upon their Meeting at London, which much augmented their Number, the Lord Vifcount Henry Brounher, the Lord Brereton, Sir Paul Neal, john Evelyn, Efq; Dr. Searhorongh, Dr. Clarhe, and divers others, became Members of this So— ciety, and Pcill increafed, fo that at this Day they are very confiderable, according to the Lill: or Catalogue by and by to enfue. T he Office of the fiveral Memhers of this Society. The Prefident is to call and difl‘olve the Meet- The Prefi. ings, to propofe the Matter whereon to conlult, dent- to put @efiions, to call for Experiments, to ad! mit of Members that from Time to Time {hall be received into the Society. ' ' The Treafurer receives and difburfes all Treafurer, Monies. The Secretary reads all Letters and Informa- tions, replies to all Addreiies, of Letters from foreign Parts, or from others; to take Notice of the Orders, and material Paifages at the Meet- ings, regifiers all their Experiments and Con« , clufions, The firf’c Per- fons that.be- gan to meet. They meet at re/haon Col. lege. The Secre‘ tary. clufions, and publil‘heth that which is Ordered and allowed by the Society. The Curators or Experimenters are to receive the Direétions of the Society, and at another Meeting to bring all to the Teft -, and the Soci- ety judgeth thereof. Whereby the World may have the concurring Teftimony of many Perfons .of undoubted Credit for the Truth of whatfoever they {hall publilh. Of the Elettion of Memhers of this Society. The meeting The Manner of Eleéting of Fellows is accord— Memb?” by ing to the Venetian Way by 'Ballotting. At one Baummg' Aliembly the Candidate is propoied by fome that know him well; the next Meeting he may be put to the Scrutiny, for which the Candidate TheCurators. mutt have the major Number of 21 Suffrages at _ .the hall, and then at that or the next. Afiembly he may be introduced, and folemnly admittedby the Prefident: At his Admifiion he fubfcribes this following Promife : ’ - ~ T hat he will endeavour to promote the Good of the Royal Society of London, for the Inipro'vement of Natural Knowledge. . . 4 After this, he may at any Time free himfelf from this Obligation, onlyvby fignifying under his Hand to the Prefident, that he defires to with- draw from the Society. When any one is admitted, he pays to the Treafurer only 4 s. afterwards I 3 s. a Quarter, fo long as he continues a Member; and this is towards the defraying fome necelTary Expences for: the ‘ College. This Royal Society, for Advancement of this noble Defign, hath begun a Library, to confift only of fuch Authors as may be ferviceable to their Defign; towards which the Lord Henry L. H. Hmo— Howard, Earl l‘vlarfhal of England, was pleafed "warWB'OOkS- to bellow on the Society his whole Library then ‘ at flruna’el-Houfe in the Strand, where this Socie- ty met for fome Time after the Fire of London, with a free Permiffion of changing fuch Books as were not proper for their Defign; by which Means, and by other public Gifts of Books, they will have a comnle’e Library of all that hath, been publilhed 1n a'ntie'ii't and modern Lan- guages, which either regard the Production of Nature, or the Elfeé’ts of all moral Arts and Sciences. . ‘ ARepofitory_ They have a Repofitory which was the Gift 1?.Crr1-u‘6’”, of Daniel Eolwell, Efquire, a Member of this “9‘1”“ Society, which is kept in this College, wherein are to be feen many Thoufands of great Rarities, fome of them fetched from the farthefc Parts ‘ of the known \Vorld, as Beaf’ts, Serpents, Birds, Fillies, Flies, Shells, Seeds, Feathers, Minerals, Earths, fome Things petrified, others oliified, Mummies, Gums, Skeletons, {9%.} The Rarities - Dr. Nehemiah Grew hath given an Account of in the Ma (8- thefe Curiofities in a jui’t Volume, intitled, Mu- m- faum Regalir Sotietatir: A Catalogue and Deferijfi Their Libra- ry. . D N 23' tion of the Natural and flrtifieial Rarities helonging 6:1,“). ”M”. to the Royal Society, and prefer'veei at Grefham College; Printed flnno 1681. In this Repofi- tory, :there are Rarities, as they are digefied by the forefaid Doetor, firfi: of Animals, and that of thefe Kinds, viz. of human Bodies, of Q12).- drupeds, of Serpents, of Birds, of Fifhes, of Shells, of .Infeéts. Secondly, Of Plants and their Kinds, of Trees and their Woods, Fruits, Nuts, Berries. Of Shrubs, of Herbs, of MoITes, and of Sea Plants. Thirdly, ‘Of Minerals of thefe Kinds, viz. Stones, Metals, Mineral Principles, viz. Jet, Amber, Earths. And, F ourthly, of Ar?- tificial Matters, as of Things relating to Chy- flaunt. mifiry, .and other Parts of Natural Philofophy'; ‘ of Things relating to the Mathematics, and fome Mechanics. Lattly, Of Coins and other Mat- ters relating to Antiquity, with a Lift of there ...2 - Royal Society. ' ' : :2 Book L who have contributed to the Mufaeutn. A-nd,"be- ing founded by Daniel Colwell, Efquire, Fellow of the faid Society, Dr. Grew, prefaced his Book, as with a Dedication to the Society, fo withan E} pif’tleto him who had ofered up to the Society [9 nohle an Heeatomh. He is likewife mentioned . with Honour for his voluntary Undertaking for engraving the Plates of the Work, done in Or- der to a public Good. ‘And in grateful Memory of him his Piéttlre faceth the Book.] _; To this Repofitory' many Rarities, both of Art and Nature, have been fince added by other worthy Members of the Society, and by other ingenious Perfons ; and, if it. increafeth as in Probability it will, it is like to be one of the largelt, and filled with the melt Curiofities of Nature of any in the World. ' To cenclude, as King Charles II. gave to this King Charla! Society a Patent, With a Coat of Arms, f0 for of this 50° the promoting of Arts of Sciences, and to en- Clety‘ courage learned Men, he was pleafed, after the Example of the greateit and mof’t renowned Mo— narch that ever was in Europe, to enroll himfelf one of the Society. The Time of Meeting for this Society is on Time of W eelnefa’ays at Three o’Clock in the Afternoon. Meeting. The Time of Eleétion for the Members of Time of E- Council, out of the Fellows, is upon the F eaf’t lemon 0f of St. Andrew in the Morning, after which they 1234:3235 Of all dine together at a Venifon F call. ' Of the Council, Eleven of the old Ones are to {land for the enfuing- Year ; the rel’t to be elected out of the rd“: of the Members]. - The ingenious Mr. Thomas, the prefent Ope- Mr. Thomas rator to the Society, in a Paper kindly imparted Operator- to me, hath drawn up, under divers Heads, the .P‘gpe’rgub‘ Subjeéts proper for the learned Members to com- gagged}, municate, as well for the Honour of the Society, the Society. as for the advancing and difperfing abroad of , ufeful Knowledge; which, as he writes, if han- dled with Judgment and Sincerity, . feem mofl: a~ greeable towards the promoting of thofe Ends, which this Royal Society was at firfi: infiituted for by King Charles II, the Founder and Patron; and fince from Time to Time fuccefsfully fup- ported by the due Care and Benevolence of its . own Members, for the Advancement of the Puré pofe's already mentioned. All along remembering, at leai’t as, a Society, not to afl‘ert any Thing but what ocular Demonfiration would allow to be Matter of F aét, in fpite of the Hypothetical Influence of flriftoteliane,q Carteflans, Adepts, fl- flrologerr, and common Longitudinarianr. He therefore wifhed, that fuch as had Oppor- Afironomical tunity, Capacities, and the Advantage of good Obfervationse Telefcopes, would communicate all Afironomical and other Obfervations, whether of the Spots in the Body of the Sun, of their Situations and Va- riations therein, of their Increafe and Decreafe ; or of the Nehulte mentioned by that univerfal Scholar, and molt acute Philofopher, Dr; Halley, Dr. Hal/e». N°. 347 of the Philofophieal franfattionr. Of new - Stars appearing, or of others difappearing.’ Of Comets, and of all Eclipfes, whether of the Sun, MOon, , Stars, or Satellites. . That accurate Accounts would be no lefs ac- Uncommon ceptableof all uncommon Appearances in the Appearances Heavens; fuch as Aurora Borealer, Meteors of :énthiggji; all Kinds, Thunder and Lightning ; particularly 30,26,135, Me- noting the Time between the F 1th and the Crack, teors, 65:. and the like Phtenomena. Alfo Regil’ters of the Wind and Weather, of the Thermometer and Ba- rometer ; of the Qlantity of Rain that falls upon any Space of Ground, though but a Foot fquare; of the COHftant Flux and Reflux of Tides for fome Time, with Remarks; fuch, as how high they flow, and how,‘ low they ebb, and the Moon’s Age at the Time of obferving them. That all new Difcoveries .in Natural l—Iii’tory ' ' would {,Wqfléfi «1‘9 1,14,; 5,: ,\ .m-zm; 3.; .952. gfigagzgg-vm~ sewerage” yr 1 . ,s-wezsc'gfifl‘x‘k: .Chap. XXIV; of @adru- fcri’ptions of Qiadrupeds, Birds, Reptils, Infeéts, pedsr Birds: of amphibious Animals, of F ifh, whether Teftaa Repms’ £3,“ ceous, or of other Kinds : Of Plants, Minerals, Foliils, or the like, that are either met with but rarely, ill treated by the Authors that writ of them, or that have hitherto pafi'ed unregarded: Whether they may be of any Advantage to Man- kind, as Food or Phylic ; and whether thofe, or any other Ufes of them, can be further improved. As likewife Accounts of the different Sorts of Mineral Waters, of their Chymical Analyfis, or of other Experiments, fuch as thofe of Dr. Slare upon the Pyrinoni, in what Cafes. and Qlantities they have been taken, and with what Succefs. Difl'eétions of morbid Bodies, whether Human, or of other Animals, were highly wanted, with particular Relations of the Parts decayed or af- fected; and of the Symptoms, during Life, at tending thofe Diitempers, with all Anatomical Difret‘tion of Difcoveries and remarkable Cafes, not only in Mineral Wa- ters. , morbid 30- Phyfic and Surgery, but alfo in Farriery, and dics' the Difeafes of Cattle; fuch as the Murrain a- mongft the Cow Kind, and the Rot amongft Sheep; and their Cures, if poliible. New Experi— He recommended alfo new Experiments, ei- mentsin Chy~ ther in Chymiitry, fuch as thofe of the learned iifigikigd Dr. friend, in his Praleei‘iones Ckymieee; or in y ' Pharmacy, fuch as what -Medicines are eafily incorporated together, and What not: And how compound Medicines may be reduced lefs firnple, yet'anfwer the fame End, Ede. or upon all, or any 0f the Materia Mediea ;~fuch as thofe of Mon- fieur Tournefori. That Improvements in Agriculture would be in like Manner gratefully received. Such as the molt commodious Ways to Water the high Grounds, and to drain the more wet and low 5 To meliorate the barren, and to enrich even the fertile Land. What Sort of Grains, Plants, or Fruit thrive belt in the feveral Soils, and how each of them may be manured to the belt Ad- vantage: With all ufefulObfervations in Plant- ing and Gardening; like thofe of Mr. Evelyn Microfmpical and Mr. Bradley. All Microfcopical Difcoveries, Difcoveries' like thofe of Mr. Lewenkoeek, Dr. Hook, and of the aforefaid ingenious Mr. Bradley. Mechanics, That no lefs valuable would be new Inventi- Engines, {3%. ons or Improvements in Mechanics; with De- fcriptions of Machines, Engines, Inltruments, or the like -, made ufe of either in Mines or Water- Works ; in the more commodious Loading, Un-' loading, or Carrying of Goods ; or for the great- er Benefit of fpeedy Travelling by Sea or Land: More efpecially in the Arts of Navigation and War. Hereunto may be added, exact Hiitories of all Sorts of curious and beneficial Trades in any Country : Such as the Make of their Tools, and the Way of applying them; with an Ac- count of their Materials, both rough and wrought. He added, how thefe few Hints, with great Variety more of this kind, and thebefl: Manner of Proceeding in molt of them, might be ga- thered out of the Plailofoploieal Tran/amour, pub— lilhed from Time to Time by the Secretaries of k this Society ; out of the Memoirs of-the Acade- my Royal of Sciences at Paris, the Alia Lipflea, the Mifeellanea Berolinenfla, and others. The fame Gentleman diftinguifheth the learn. ed Members of this Society into divers Ranks; of fuch ‘ as were of great Ability in the Sciences following ; fome in one, fume in others : ‘viz. In Natural Philofophy, in Altronomy, Geometry, Optics, Natural Hiltory, Anatomy, Chymiitry, Mechanics, Hufbandry, Gardening and Plant- ing, and Antiquities. . Concerning this laft, viz. Antiquities, he ac knowledgeth, that, properly fpeaking, it was net the Bulinefs of the Royal Society 3 but that many NUMB. XVI. ‘ a Agriculture, Planting, Gardening. Plailofopkical Tran/ae‘liom . Antiquities. Q! Li]? of t/oe’ROyal Society. Dercriptions would be alfo very defirable -, fuch'as good 133-. :79 of its ‘Members were Antiquarians : And that fee veral‘ Things in that venerable Study were no lefs entertaining, than ufeful and fatisfaétory. And that therefore it was not to-be queftioned. but that all ancient Manufcripts, Paintings, Medals, Com, Urns, Monuments, Inferiptions‘, or aug‘nt ‘ elfe, tending either to explain the Ceremonies, Cuitoms, Arts, and. Sciences of our Anceitors, or to fet any controverted Points of Hiltory in a clear Light, mutt be received with Gratitude. And, laftly, for the Increafe of the Library BoOkS; and and Repofitory, he moved well difpofed Perfons Rarities m“ to be Benefactors, either of Books, or, other Cu- 313353,“? riofities: Adding, that new Books, upon any of and Reéii‘l. the foregoing Subjects, or Abltraéts of them; WY- ‘ alfo any Thing remarkable, rare or curious, to- ward augmenting their Libraries, and Repofitory of Rarities, kept at the Royal Society’s Houfe in . Crane-Court, Fleet—fired; would be no unaccepta able Prefent. _ To which Houfe all Communications might be direéted, to be left for either of the Secretaries. And that this might ’be faid for the Encou‘. ragement of fuch Benefaétions, that the Donors would be thereby intitled, not only to have their Names recorded in the M‘inuteeBook‘s of one of the belt intended Societies in Europe ; and, that bears no inconfiderable Reputation amonglt- all the learned World abroad, howeVer difregarded by fome here at home, but Lalfo to meet with convenient Opportunities of having their Dona-1 tions carefully preferved, for the Benefit and 88.: tisfaétion of Polterity. ‘ . . And that now there can be no Room to doubt, but that the Royal Society is in as fair a Way, as any Corporation 'can be, of being eftablilhed a perpetual one : Efpecially if we duly confider the Contributions and Legacies lately left it ; which may be feen at their Houfe aforefaid : Molt of which generous and worthy Benefaé‘tors being yet alive. 4 Li/l of the pie/em Farm ’ of Ike Royal -' Society, 1754. , His Sacred Majelty King George II. Patron. _ His Sacred Majeity Francis Emperor of Geri many His molt Serene Highnefs Cbar/er Margrave of Baaden, Dourlae/o. His mofl: Serene Highnefs Francis Duke of ' Modena. His Highnefs Ferdinand Prince of Lookowitz. George Earl of Maeeleyield, Prefident. The Prefent Council. ' Biro/a Tim. D. D. Secre- Reynardfon Samuel, Efq; tary. ' Sloorz‘ 7aines‘, A. M. Bradley 7amer,D.D.4/Zr. Sot/aelry William, Efq; Reg. Squire Samuel, D. D. ‘ Brakenridge Wm. D. D. Ward7okn,LL.D. Rbef,’ Burrow joiner, Efq; Prof. .Gre/lo. Cavendi/b, Lord Cloarles. Dauall Peter,Efq; Secre-‘ tary. - ‘ Folkes Martin, Efq; Hel'erden kl/illiam, M. D. 7aeoofen Tbeodore, Efq; .Nz'e/ooll: Frank, M. D. Med. Reg. Tkir Council it till le continued to St. Andrew’s Days 1754. Watfon Mr. kVilliarn. Weft 7anie‘r, «Efq; Tread; furer‘. ' , W/Jile Taylor, Efq; Willouglioy Lord Hugli,‘ of Par/earn. Wyekre Peter, Efq; AddETSWltbi”, M. De flkenflde Mark, M. D. flleoek Nat/Jan, M. D. Allen Edmund, Efq, Allin kVilliarn, Efq; Arne: Mr. 7ojeplol flnfon Lord George. drderon Mr. William. . . 'Z z Arundel Hon. Rickard; Efq; A/kew flnikony, M. D. fllwell f7ofep/a, D. D. flylofl: sn- jofep/o, Bart. Baker Mr. Henry. Bangor Zoe/eary, Lord Bifhop of. Barry ' 180 Barry Edward, M. D. Bates Thomas, Eiq, Bath lKilliam Earl of. Bathur/tHon. Benj. Efq, Batt john Thomas, M. D. Bays Mr. Thomas. Belchier Mr. yohn. Bell Mr. George. Bentink Hon. Wm. Efq, Bernard Herman, M. D. Bcfi’ dc yohn, Eiq, Bevan Mr. Silvanus. Blackwell jonathan, Efq; Blake Francis, Efq; Blifi Nathaniel, A. M. Geom. Prof. Sav. Bogdani William, Efq; Borlafe William, A. M. Bofanquet Benj. A. M. Bowman Walter, Efq; Bri/low William, Efq, Brockle/l y Rich. M. D Brook/hank fo/eph, Elq, Browne Sir lKilliam, Knt. M. D. Brown Ifaac Hawkins, Efq', Brownrzgg Wm. M. D. Buchan H. David, Earl of. Burrell Peter, Efq; Byrom 7ohn, A. M. Cadogan Lord Charles. ' Cadogan kKilliam, M. D. Caldwell Sir 7ames, Bart. Camphell Mr. George. Camphell Hugh, Efq, Canton 7ohn, A. M. Cantwell Andrew, M. D. Cardigan George, Earl of. Caflro Sarmento de yacoh, M. D. Chandler .Mr. yohn. Charleton Rice, M. B. Chauncy Charles, M. D. Clanricarde yohn, Earl of. Clarke Samuel, Efq; Clarke Mr. Samuel. Clephane 7ohn, 'M. D. Clerk H. Sir j’ohn, Bart. Clogher Roher‘t, Lord Bi— fhop of. Colfon 7ohn, A.M. Math. Pr. Luc. Collin/on Mr. Peter. Cook Mr. Benjamin. Cork and Orrery j’ohn, Earl of. Corni/h Samuel, Efq; Co/ta da Mendes Mr. E- manuel. Co/la da Mo es, Efq; Cowper PKilliam, Earl. Creed'Sir yames, Knt. Cuming Sir Alex. Bart. Da/hwood SirFran. Bart. David’s Anthony, Lord Bifhop Of St. Dayrolle Solomon, Efq, Degge Simon, Efq, Delafaye Charles, Efq, Delawar 7ohn, Lord. Devon/hirele. Duke of. Dingley Rohert, Efq; Dixon Ahraham, Efq, Dixon hKilliam, Efq; Drake I‘VIr. Francis. Dugood Mr. PKilliam. Dummer Tho. Lee, Efq; Durand David, A. M. ~ 4 A'Liflof the Royal Society. Ellicott Mr. john. Ellis Mr. Henry. - Ellis Welhore, Efq}; Evelyn Sir yohn, Bart. Fauquier Francis, Efq; Fauauier William, Efq, Feake Charles, M. D. Fellows William, Efq; Fetheiflon - haugh Sir ‘ Matthew, Bart. _ Finch Hon. Henry, Efq; Pitzwilliams Richard, Lord Vifcount. Folkes hKilliam, Efq; Frederick Charles, Efq; Freke Mr. yohn. , Fuller Rofle, M. D. Fuller 7ohn, Efq; Gage T. Lord Vifcount. Gihhs 7ames, Efq; Gray 7ohn, Efq; Green Richard, D. D. Guife 7ohn, Lieut. Gen. Hadley George, Efq; Hales Stephen, D. D. Hall Fayrer, Efq, Hamilton H. Charles, Efq; Hamilton Hon. 7ohnEfq; Hanhury kKilliam, Efq; Harcourt Simon, Earl. Hardinge Caleh, M. D. Hardwicke, Lord Philip, Lord High Chancel- lor of Great Britain. Harrington Edw. M. D. Harrington Wm. Earl of. - Hartley David, A. M. chflel Richard, Efq; Hawley j‘ames, M. D. Hazard Richard, Efq; Heathcote Sir Tho. Bart. Heathcote George, Efq, Hickman Samuel, Efq; Hill Thomas, Efq; Hoadly Benjamin, M. D. Med. Reg. ad Fam. Hoare Sir Richard, Knt. Hohlyn Rohert, Efq; Hodg/on Mr. fa. Schol. Reg. Math. Preecept. Hody Edward, M. D. Holford Peter, Efq; Holloway Benj. LL. B. Hope kKier Hon. Charles, Efq, Hoptoun 7ohn, Earl of. Horne Mr. fames. Hughes Grifiith, A. M hunt Tho. D. D. Hehr. Prof. Oxon. Huxham yohn, M. D Hyde _‘70hn, Efq, Iremongcr 7o/hua, Efq; 7uflice 7ames, Efq, Keene Benjamin, Efq; Kelfall Henry, Efq; Kennedy Gilhert, M. D. Knight Gowin, M. B. Knight Ralph, Efq; Langri/h Browne, M. D- v Lawry 7ohn, A. M. Layard Pet. Dan. M113. Lee K/illiam, Efq, ‘ Leeds Thomas, Duke of. Legge Hon. Henry, Efq, Leice/ler Thomas, Earl of. Lethieullier Smart, Efq; Lewis William, M. B. Leyceg‘ier Ralph, Efq; ‘ Ligonier Sir 7ohn, Knt. 'JWitchell Andrew, Efq; ”Mitchell yohn, M. D. 'Jlditford William, Efq; _Moivre Mr. Ahr. de. Montagu Ed. PKortley, iMorton Charles, M. D. 'Neyhz'tt Rohert, M. D. ‘ Norwich Thomas, Lord 'Nourfe Mr. Edward. of the Bath. Lincoln Henry, Earl of. Lloyd George, Efq; Lohh Theophilus, M. D. Lock Yohn, Efq; Long Roger, D. D. London 7ohn, Earl of. Lowther Sir j‘ames, Bart. Lucy Sir Berkley, Bart. Lyttleton Charles, LL.D. Dean of Exeter. Mace Mr. William, 7uris Civil. Prof. Gre/h. Macfarlane Alex. Efq; Maitland Mr. kKilliam. Manningham Sir Richard, Knt. Marchmount Hugh, Earl of. Marlhorough Cha. Duke of. Martyn Mr. yohn, Prof. Bot. Cantah. Mafon Charles, D.»D. Maty Matthew, M. D. Maud Mr. yohn. .M’auduit Mr. Ifrael. Mead Richard, M. D. Md. Reg. Mead Samuel, Efq; Merril 7ohn, Efq; [Middleton Chri/lop. Efq; Mles Henry, D. D. Mles Thomas, A. M. [Miller Mr. Philip. Mlles 7eremiah, D. D. Mlls Edward, Efq; leard Edward, M. D. Mole/worth Hon. Coote, M. D... Molefworth Lord Rich. Monro Alexander, M. D. Anat. Pr. Edin. Montagu Edward, Efq; Efq; More thert, Efq; Morton yames, Earl of. Mounfey f7ames, M. D. Mountaine Mr. kKilliam. Mofi Charles, D. D. Adunckley Nich. M. D. Murdock Patrick, A. ~M. Needham Mr. Turhervil. Newcaflle Tho. Duke of. Newcome Peter, A. M. Nihell j‘ames, M. D. Nixon 7ohn, A. M. Northumherland Hugh, Earlof. Bifhop of. Oglethorpefi'ames, L.Gen. Oliver kKilliam, M. D. 0rd Rohert, Efq; Ouchterlony Mr. Alex; PaceyButler Henry, Efq; Papillon David, Efq; Parker Lord Thomas. Parker PKilliam, A. M. Par/ans j‘ames, M. D. . Book I‘. Patoun Archihald, Efq, Paul Rohert, Efq; Pawlet Edward, Efq, Peirce Mr. f7erry. Pelham Rt. Hon. Henry, Efq, Pemherton Henry, M. D. Prof. Grejh. Pickering Mr. Roger. Pocock Thomas, A. M. Pococke Richard LL. D. Paley Richard, Efq; Pond Mr. Arthur. Porter 7ames, Efq, His Majef’ty’ sAmbafi‘ador at Con/tantinople. Portland Wm. Duke of. Pratt Charles, Efq; Przce William, Efq, Prideaux Benjamin, Efq,’ Pringle john, M. D. Radnor 7ohn, Earl of. Ranhy 7ohn, Efq; Chir. Reg. Ravaud David, A. M. Rawdon Lord 7ohn. Raw/infon Rich. LL. D. Raymond Lord Rohert. Reade Henry, Efq; Rich Daniel, Efq; Rixtel Mr. _70hn van. Rohertfon Mr. yohn. Rohinfon Matthew, Efq; ,Rohinfon Sir Tho. Bart. Rockingham Charles Mar- quis of. Roderick Richard, A. M. Rowe Henry, Efq; Rudge Edward, Efq; ‘Ruflel Mchael, Efq; Ruflell Richard, M. D. Rutherforth Tho. D. D. Sainthill Mr. Peter. Salis yerom de, Efq; Sandilands Alex. M. D. Sandwich john, Earl of. Savile Sir George, Bart. Sawhridge yohn, Efq; Schamherg Meyer, M.D. Scott George, A. M. Scott Lewis George, Efq; _ Shard Ifaac Pacatus, Efq, Sharp Mr. Samuel. Shaw Peter, M. D. Med. Reg. Extraord. Shelvocke George, Efq; Shérwood Mr. Noah. Silve/ler 7ohn, M. D. Simpfon Mr. Thomas. Sloane William, Efq; Smeaton Mr. 7ohn. Smith Rohert, D. D. Smythe Hon. Sir Sidn. Stafi”. Knt. one of the Barons of the Exche- guer. Southwell Lord Thomas. Spilman 7ames, Efq; Stack Thomas, M. D. - Stanhope Philip, Earl. Stanhope Charles, Efq; Stevens Hen. Stuart. Efq; Stuart Charles, M. D. Stukely William, M. D. Styles Sir Fr. Eyles Bait. Symmer Rohert, Efq, ' Swinton yohn, A. IVI. Taylor Charles, Efq; Taylor Rolcrt, M. D. Tanng/t Chap. '- Cat- NISS. Pref. p. 7. Hearizfl’S cur. Difc. Pref. p. 39. Cat. MSS. Cotton. Pref. p. 8. XXIV. Tempe/t William, Efq; Theohald 7ames, Efq; Thomas Noah, M. D. T hompfon Sir Peter, Knt. .Tilney :70hn, Earl of. Tough Charles, A. M. Townfliend 'Ifaac, Efq; T revor' Lord Thomas. T uflnel Samuel, Efq; Turner Shallett, A. M. Prof. Hifl. Cant. Wegg Samuel \Efq; Wheler Granville, A. M. - White 7ohn, Efq; White Thomas, El'q; Whytt Rohert, M. D. Wilhraham Tho. M. D. lVilkes’j‘ohn, ‘Efq, Williamfon yohn, A. M. Wilmot Edward, M. D. Med. Reg. Wilfon Mr. Benjamin. T yrawly Lord ffames. Windham William, Efq; Tyrconnel yohn, Ld. Vif- of St. 7ames’s. count. Windham William, Efq;~ Vernon Edward, D. D. Waldegrave 7ames, Earl of. Walker Thomas, LL. D. Walpole Hon. Hor. Efq, Warhurton Mr. yohn, Somerfl Herald. Warner Mr. yofeph. Waifon Rohert, M. D. Way Lewis, Efq; Wehh Ph. Carteret, Efq; Wintringham Clifton, Wollajlon Francis, Efq; Woodford Thomas, Efq; Wray Daniel, Efq; .thvill Sir Marm. Bart. Younge Rt. Hon. SirW. Bart. and Knt. Bath. Yorke Hon. Philip, Efq; Yorke Hon. Charles, Efq; Tounge William, Efq; Perfons of . other Nations, I 55. The Society of Antiquaries. The great and good Archbiihop Parker was , the Founder and firfl: Prefident of this Society, which confii’ted of feveral Perfons Of Honour and Learning, who met, weekly, during Term- time, at the Heralds Ofice in the Houfe of Sir Will. Dethick, Knt. Garter King at Arms. The Bufinefs of thefe Meetings was to confer together concerning the Antiquities of this Land, and, at each Meeting, pounded to be the next Week difculfed, each {hewingtheir Opinions of them -, and that which feemed mol’t material, was, by one appointed for that Purpofe, entered into a Book, that it might be of Ufe afterwards, and remain- to P0- fterity. A Collection of thefe Difcourfes was publifhed by Mr. Hearne at Oxford in the Year I 20. 7This Society increafed daily, many Perfons, both Learned and Noble, joining themfelves as Members thereof, f0 that in the Year I 590, when Archbiihop thitgift was Prefident, it was grown to a confiderable Bulk, and, about that Time, a Propofal was humbly prefented to the (been, by fome of the Members, for Erecting a College of Engli/h flntiguaries, but without Suc— cefs. A like Attempt was made in the fucceed- ing Reign of King yames I, but, under a Pre— tence that fuch a Scheme might be detrimental to the two Univerfities, and that fome of the Gentlemen, who follicited it, were not well af— fected to the el‘tablilh’ed' Church, this truly lau— dable Defign was never carried into Execution. two Qiel’tions were pro— ‘ The Society. ofiAhsiquarieS; Neverthelefs, the Society continued to mEet, ' - at Times; and has been ' ' clifcontinued. ‘ often rev1ved, and often, To this Society of Antiquarian I find Camden referringhimfelf, when Brooke/mouth, York-He- rald, had made Exceptions to divers Genealogies of Noblemen in his Britannia, as falfe, in a Tract of his printed Anno I 599, called, .4 Difco. very of Errors, fife. in Anfw‘er to which, that learned and modefi: Man fet a few Sheets at the‘ Endpf his Edition of the Britannia, Anne 1600, Vindicating his Writings from the Calumnies of that Herald, and° at lai‘t, referring the Accounts he had given of thofe ancient Pedigrees excepted againfi, either to the Earl Marlhal, or to the College of Heralds, vel ad Collegium flntiquario- rum gui/lalis Temporihus conveniunt {9’ de rehus flu:- tiguis conferunt, quorum plerique etiam in Genealogiis funt exercitati, i. e. or to the College offlntiqua4 . ries, who, at fet Times, meet and confer con: cerning Antiquities, divers whereof were well {killed in GenealOgies. ' * The lafi‘ Revival Of this Society was in the Year 1706, fince which Time, they have met without Interruption, and have preferved and pub; ldiflied many valuable Antiquities of this Kinga om. Novemher 2, 1751, this Society obtained the Royal Charter of IncOrporation, by the Name of . the Society of Antiquaries of London, and doth mum): of a Prefident, Council, and Fellows: The Number of Fellows is limited to 150, out of which Number 21 are annually chofen, upon S. George’s Day, to be the Council for the enfue ing Year, and, out of the Council fo chofen, the Prefident is eleé‘ted, who. nominates four Vice: Prefidents to act in his Abfence : Other Officers in this Society area Treafu‘rer, Direétor, and Sea; cretary. - :T he Pre/ident, Council, and Oficers for the prefenif 2’ ear I' 7 54.. Martin Folkes, Efq, Mr. Andrew Gifihrd. LL. D. Prefident. Hen. j‘ohnfon, Efquirea‘. Mr. 7o/hua Blew. Edwd. Rowe Mores,Efq-,. Mr. yohn'Booth. A. M.- Rohert Bootle, Efquire. Charles Chauncy, M. D. Mr. Peter Collin/on. Charles Compton, Efq; T reafurer, A. M. flndrew Coltee, LL. D. Ducarel, LL. D. Sir 70hn Evelyn, Baro- net. Charles Frederick, Efq. Samuel Gale, Efquire. The ordinary: Meetings of this Society are held . Roht. New, Efquire. Richd. Raw/infon, Efq; LL. D. . Mr. Henry Rooke. Sir Peter T homfon, an.~ ‘Revd. Edward Vernon, D. D. :70hn Ward, LL. D. V. P. and Director. 7ames Wag/t, Efquire. every T hurfday Evening, at their Houfe in'Chans cery-lane. CRAP: i8: _ C H A P. XXV; Ybe Public Schools. Tbe Parliament petitioned to for Sobools, in tbe ‘2 5th of Henry VI. Wbicb were tbe Alncient ones. St. Anthony’s Scbool. Paul’s Scbool. Tbe Founding tbereof. \Tbe Mel/ters. Tbe Scbool at Mercers 'Cba- pel. Merchant-Taylors Scbool. Tbe Mel/ters. Ratclil‘f .Scbool. Chrifi- Church Scbool. fl Cit/loin tbere. Charterhoufe Sebool. Otber Free Sebools. Free Sebool: in Southwark anal Wefiminf’ter. [Private Scbools. Tbe Cha— rity Scbools. . Schools. PTO thefe Colleges and Societies of Learning, ‘ Land ‘: For wher ther is grete Nombre of Lern- - . ‘3 it fuits well to fubjoin the Foundations of ‘ ers and few Techers, and al the Lerners 'be Charity, for the bringing up of Youth in good ‘ compelled to go to the few T echers, and to Literature, and Chril’tian Manners, which We ‘ noon others, the Mail’tres waxen riche of Mo- call Schools: Concerning which, to what hath ‘ nie, and the Lerners pouere in Connyng, as been faid at Chap. XXII, let thef‘e Things be ‘ Experyence openly lhewith ayeni’t'all Vertu and added concerning them. . ‘ Ordre of Well Publik. Ancient. - Due Care was taken in ancient Times, that ‘ And thefe Premifi'es moven and ituren of 2°11?“ 1“ London fhould be fupplied with Schools of Learn- grete Devocion and Pitee Maltre ble'llz'am Lycebe- ”’m' in . _ fold, Perfon of the Parich Chirche offllHal— In King Stepben’s Time, there were three prin- lowen the More in London, Maiftre Gilbert, Per- cipal great Schools, belonging to the three chief fon of Seint flndrew Holbonrne, in the Suburbs Fifzflepben Churches, as Fitzflepben writes; but he does not of the faid Citee, Maiftre 7obn Cote, Perfon of £33an tell us which thofe Churches were, where Youth Seint Petre‘ in Corn/null of London, and :7obn, Record. Turr. Public Sebools ereflea’. were bred up in the Skill not only of Grammar, .but Logic, Philofophy, Rhetoric, Poetry, and Wit. Befides which, there were Schools of lef— fer Account: But, afterwards, and in the Times of King Henry VI, grofs Ignorance and Want of Learning prevailed in London, as well as elfe- where, which appeared even in Churchmen themfelves, to their Shame, as well as in the Laity: And Schools were negleéted and gone to Decay. Wherefore, for the Reitoring of -' Learning, four grave Clergymen, and Parfons of Pariihes'in the City, petitioned the Parliament that fat in the 2 5th Year of Henry VI, That they, and their SUCceITors, might be allowed to fet up .Schools in their four refpective Churches, and appoint Schoolmaiters in them, viz. in Great Al- ballows, St. Andrew’s Holborn, St. Peter’s in Corn- bill, and St. Mary Coleelntrcb. out of the Records of the Tower. It may be worth the Relating of this Matter The Petition of thefe reverend Perfons ran to this Tenor : ‘ To the fill worthie and difcrete Communes in C C C C ‘. C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C Neel, Maifire of the Houf or Hofpital of Seint Tboma: of Acres, and Perfon of Colebircbe in London, to compleyne unto you, and for Re- medie befechyn you, to pray the Kyng our So— veraign Lord, that he, bi the Advys and Af- fent of the Lords Spirituel and Temporel in this prefent Parliament aifembled, and bi Au—r thoritie of the fame Parliament, will provide, ordeyne, and graunt to the feid Maif’tre bI/illiam and his Succelfors, that they, in the feid Parifh of fll Hallowen, to the feid Maiitre Gilbert, and his Succefi'ors, that they, in the feid Parifh of Seint flntlrew, to the feid Maitre yobn and his Succefi‘ors, that they, in the faid Parifli of Seint Petre, and to the feid :fobn, Maiitre of the feid Hofpital, and his Succeffors, that they, with- in the forefaid Parrifh of our Ladie of Cob. Cbii‘t‘lfit’, in the which the faid Houfe of St. Tbo~ mat is fette; may ordeyne, create, eflabliih, and fett a Perfon fuflicientlie lerned in Gramer, to hold and exercife a Schole in the fame Sci— ence of Gramer, and it there to teche al that Rat-PM- this prefent ,Parlement afl’emblyd, to confidre twilllearne. 6f 3?ng the grete Nombre of Gramer Scholes that fome- ‘ And that everiche of the faid Maif’tres Mai- Petitiorftog. tyme were in divers Parties of this Realme, be- fire William, Maif’tre Gilbert, Maii’cre 7obn, and the Parlia- fide thofe that were in London, and how few j‘obn Neel, Maii’tre; fuch Schole Maiitre fo bi meatyfor ben in thefe Dayes, and the grete Hurt that is him fett, and everiche of their Succefl‘ors, fuch (56335:!) caufed of this, not oonly in the Spiritual Par- Scholemaiftre by him, or bi any of his Prede- Hflfinflfiflflflfifl" tie of the Chirche, where oftentyme it apperith to openly in forn Perfones with grete Shame, but alfo in the temporal Partie; to whom alfo it is full expedyent to have competent Con- gruitie for many Caufes, as to your Wifdomes apperith. ~ ‘ And forafmuche as to the Cite of London is the commone Concourfe of this Land, fom Lake of Schole Mail’tres in ther own Contree, for to be enfourmed of Gramer ther, and fom for the grete Almefs of Lordes, Merchants, and others, that which is in London more plen— this Reaume, to fuch pouere Creatures as ne— ver Ihuld have be brought to f0 greet Vertu annnaflnonn l‘hfll‘ ceITors fo eitablifhed and fett, fpeciallie as is above rehercid, may in his own Parich or Place remove, and another in his Place fubititute and fett, as often as any of the faid Perfones, or their Succefi'ors femith, [and] the Caufe rea- fonable f0 requireth. ‘ And f0 to do ich of the faid Perfones and their Succefibrs, as often as it happenyth any of the faid Scholes to be voyd of a Scholemai~ fire in any Manner wyfe, to the Honour of God, and Encreaiyng of Vertue. ‘ Refponflo. The King wille, that it be do, as ‘ it is defired, fo that it be done bi thadvyfe of E h the Ordinary, therelles of the Archbisfhope of Canterbury for the Time being.’ C C C C C ‘ teoufly, fooner than in manie other Places of C C C C and Counyng as thei have, ne had hit ben by Nine Years after, viz. 34 Hen. VI, were five Five other the meane of the Almefs abOVefaid : ‘ Wherfor it were expedyent, that in London were a fuflicient Number of Scholes, and good Enfourmers in Gramer, and not, for the fin- gular Avail for two or three Perfones, grevoufly to hurt the Multitude of yong Peple of al this file other Schools fet up in other Churches in London, by the Care of the Archbilhop of Canterbury, and Bifhop of I ona’on, confirmed by the King’s Let- ters Patents, to wit, one within the Churchyard of St. Paul’s, a Second at the Collegiate Church of St. Martin’s le Grand, another at St. Mary de firm/bits, public Schools in London. Chap; Pro magi rz': Grammaticez . lieu: in Citvzl tat. London. Record. Turr. Rot. pat. 34. Hen. VI, part. 2. mam. 20- ‘“. There was alfo an Ad: Free SehOols. games, that is, Bow-Church in Cbeapflde, another at St. Dunfian’s in the Eefl, and the Fifth at the Hofpital of St Anthony’s, and no more. This was done for this good End, to check and fupprefs other fmaller Schools of late fet up by ignorant and illiterate Grammar Mafiers, which did the Youth more Harm than Good, as the King’s Letters Patents did hint, which Were as follow : . ' ~ ' . “Rex "omnibus ad quOs, fir. Sciatis,,quod cum Venerabiles in Chrii’to Patres, Archiepifco- pus Ceznz‘uarz'ergfls Se Epifcopus London. EX eo— rum provida & innata prudentia magnas abu— liones infra Civitatem noftram London. Tempo- ribus'diuturnisfrequentatas 8’: ufitatas, [emens dare volentes] confiderantes quod quam plures 8: diverfe perfonx in arte Grammaticali minus fufficienter infiruéti [inl’trtiétae] fcolas com— munes grammaticales, pueros nonn’ullOs, 8e eorumamicos ipfos ad Scolas exhibentes ne- quiter defraudando, infra eandem ciVitatem te- mere p‘re'fumpferunt, quinque duntaxat Scolas grammaticales, 8: non plures infra Civitatem prediétarn f’tatuerint 8e ordinaverint, unam vid. infra cimiteri‘um Ecclefie Sfti. Pauli, aliam in— fra Ecclefiam noftram Collegiatam Sancti Mar— tini Magni, tertiam in Ecclefia Be. Marie de Arcubus, quartam in Ecclefia fanétiDunflani in Oriente, 8: quintam in hofpitali nof’cro fanéti flntam’j civitatis nol’tre predicte : (bias per e0: rum Literas patentes fuflicientes declaraverunt, prout in eifdem plenius apparet. ‘ Nos de gratia noitra fpeciali premiffa confi- ‘ derantes, ad omnia prediéta firmiter fienda 8: ‘ obferVanda, noi’trum regium affenfum adhibui— ‘ mus 8c favorem. Et hoc omnibus quorum in- ‘ terei’t innotefcimus per prefentes. Damus autem ‘ [Mandatum] fingulis ligeis noi’tris,’ 'civ'itatis ‘ nof’cre prediéte, quod nec ipfi nee edrum aliquis, ‘ ¢ ‘ ‘ ‘ C C C C i: G C C ‘ C C 6 C € ‘ ‘ ¢ ‘ 1 ¢ ‘ ¢ perturbent nec impetant, perturbet nec impetat, magii’tros Scolarum predict. quovis modo in hac parte, fed potius eis aiiil’cant 8: fubveniant quantum in fe exii‘tat. In cujus, &c. T. R. dpnd Weflm. 6 die Mezz'j.’ _ of Parliament to con- firm this. ‘ ' , All thefe ancient Schools are long fince dif— folved and Vanifhed, except St. A’ntlaony’s, which outlai’ted the 'rellz, but better are eltablilhed in their Rooms. For the Difference between thefe and ourlater Schools is, that, though thefe were public and common Schools, yet were not free, only fuch Boys as were hopeful, and their Parents poor, were exhibited to, and their Schooling paid for by the voluntary good Will of Noblemen and Merchants, and the richer Sort of Citizens. But the Schools of later Times, which we call F ree- Schools, do much exceed them, in that they are Houfes founded by pious Men, and a yearly competent Maintenance fettled upon the Teach- ers, on Condition to teach fuch a Number of the ‘ Children of the Parifh, where they are built, \ The prefent Free Schools. freely, without taking any Salary or Reward from their Parents or Friends. Of this latter and more modern Sort of Sch'ocils the City now hath thefe following, viz; that near St. Paul’s, that near Mercer: Chapel, both belonging to the Company of Mercers -, that near Cannon—fired, belonging to the Merchant—Tar lors Company; one in Ratelzfi', one in Ber/emg Parilh, one in [Whiter/gape], one in Crzpplegefe Parilh: Others belonging to Hofpitals; two in Soutbwark, befides many more maintained by the Societies for Reformation of Manners: To which add feveral others in the neighbouring City of Wejlmz'nfler, to be mentioned particularly when we come to the Defcription of that City. But, before we take any further Notice of any of thefe 36569;}. St.—1Paiili’s¥Sellw}. Schools, let usfirf’tmake fohieMentiohofold St. flntbony’s. ' ' ‘ ' ’= ' - ,-,. . St. .ANT-HONY’S SCHOOL. when it flood, in this our Perambulation, we are bound to go and vifit even in the Ruins of it. It was fituate in Broad—firm Ward, in the.Parilh of St. Bennez‘ Fink, and near the Place where the French Church riow fiands in Threadneedle-flreef: This School was large and fair, and, before St. Paul’s School'was founded, of the chiefefl: A'c‘ count in London; and many-l'eminent Scholars were. bred up in it, of which Sir Thoma-s More was ohe, whofe Maf’ter was named Nicholas Holt; a Man of Fame and Learning in thofe Days.- The School was Part of an Hofpital well endow; ‘ "4‘1 8’3 . That of St. flntbany’s, though it'be now‘exl St. Antbory's tinét, yet, for. the Antiquity and Fame of it, Schmi- ed, dedicatedct‘o St. Anthony of’I/z'ennez, which,‘at Mona/17mm; length, Edward I‘V. annexed . and 1 appropriated £564"- to the Collegiate Church ‘Of Wind/or, to- enjoy‘ i the fame, with all the Ei’tate thereunto beltmging‘v" ' to their pr0per Ufe, when it Ihould- become voi f by Death, Refignation, or otherwife. ~ The Rea- venues of the School being, at length, embe‘z» zled, . it is now come to nothing : Yet it wasin being in the Beginning of Qieen EZi/izéefla’s , Time, when one Hilten, a grave and good Man,-z iwas Mailer. Butmoreof the Antiquities of this; 7 School may be read, when we come to’Brond—fireef Ward. , ' St. PAUL’S SCHOOL. The next Foundation appointed for the Edu-, St. Paufs cation of Youth, both for Antiquity and I{e-.5Ch°‘°1-' pute, is that called St. Paul’s School, built and well endowed by an excellent pious and learned Clergyman, Dr. 70177: Colet, King Henry VIII’s el’teemed Chaplain, Dean of St. Paul’s, the only furviving Son of Sir Henry Colez‘, Knt. Citizen and Mercer of London, and twice Lord Mayor of the faid City. This School was founded, and a Mailer for it provided at the Year I 509, for one Hundred fifty-three Children to be taught freely ; the Dean, perhaps, in that precife Num- ber,- having his Mind upon the like Number of great Fillies caught by St. Peter, in that miracu- lous Draught; upon the Direction that Chrii’c ‘ gave to caf’c down the Net on the right Side of the Ship, 70bit xxi. I I. 'And fuch was his gene- rous and liberal Mind, that he fettled his whole Patrimony upon it in his Life-time. The School- Houfe is large and fpacious’, fronting the Street, on the Eai’t of St. Paul’s Cathedral. It confifi- eth of eight Clalfes, or F orrns -, in the firft Where- of Children learn their Rudiments; and fo, ac- cording to their Proficiency, are advanced unto the other Forms till they rife to the Eighth. Whence, «being commonly made perfect Gram— marians, good Orators and Poets, we‘ll inf‘truc't— ed in Latin, ,Gree/e, and Hebrew, and, fometimes, in other. oriental Languages, they remove to the Univerfities; and many of them enjoy EXhibi", tions, fome of ten PoUnds a Year for {even Years, if they tarry fo long, towards their Main: tenance there. The school is governed and taught by two Maiters, viz. an high Mafier, and a Surmafter, and a Chaplain, whOfe cufio- mary Office was to read the Lez'z‘z'ii Prayers in the School, framed for the peculiar Ufe thereof,- and to infirllét the Children of the two firf’c Forms in the Elements 'of' the“ Latin T Ongue, and alfol. in the Catechifm and Chriitian Manners; fbr which there is a Room called the Veflz'enlum, being the Anti-room to the School, where the Youth are to be initiated into the Grounds “and, Principles of Chrifiian Knowledge, as a good and pro er Introduction into Other human Learning. he A a a pious 1-84. I nfcriptions upon the School. 7 Ca italeetters, ,SCHOLA. CATECHIZATI- . (21$ 1N.CHRISTI_OPT.: MAX; FIDE ET BONIS LITERIS. Over . ty 'or Doom 5 which I remember the upper Maf— T'ne Vrfliéu- lam. ’ L- CLASSEM ADMITTANTUR. In ano- The School- Room. 'POSUIT: Denoting how qualified, ‘viz. With ficlzaali. St; iPauI’: Schook pious Founder dedicated this his School to the Child fire/us, wih’o fat amOng the Doctors at twelve Years old, as the great and compaflionate Patron of the Children here to be educated. This Part of the Founder’s Epitaph fhews: ' . Quigue Scholam firuxit celebrem coguomiae J E S U. 'So that the true Name of this. School is 7efu5 School, rather-than Paul’sSchool; but the Saint hath robbed his Mafier of his Title. . .. (The , Founder delighted, in Infcriptions and MOtCO’S, which he appointed to be fet up in feve- 1‘ al Parts and Places of the School, as {hort and PlChY Intimatiens. of his. Mind and Intentions, which were all there remaining before-‘ the great F ire. Over the Windows on the Outfide toward the Street, were thefe Words engraven in great . IS PUERORUM, the School Door, INGREDERE UT PROFI- CIAS. Upon each Window, on the Infide, were to,_jlpe read ,thefe Words painted on the Glafs, A—UT DOCE,AUT DISCE,AUT DISCEDE, fuggefting both to Scholar and TeachertheinDu- ter, in my Time, ufed oftenito inculcate upon . fuch Scholars, as were idleor: negligent, ‘Ei— ther learn, or be gone.’ In'the thliéulum, which was the Antichamber to the School—Room, was this Infcription, in Ca: pitals, upon the Wall, {hewing for'what End and Purpofe this Apartment was intended: HOC . VESTIBULO CATECI-IIZENTUR PUERI IN FIDE, MORIBUSQUE CHRISTIANIS, ‘ NEQUE NON PRIMIS GRAMMATICES RUDIMENTIS INSTITUANTUR, PRIUS- UAM AD PROXIMAM HUJUS SCHO- ther Place of this Vcflilzulum was ,engravcn, PUERITIZE CHRISTIANlE JOH. COLET. ' DEC. Seéti. PAULI HANC SCHOLAM' Chrif’tian Knowledge and Manners, it was the Founder’s Will thofe fhould be, that were to be l Scholars here. Over theDoor, entering out of the Vq/lilulum into the School—Room, this Verfi: Velis, Prfli, fldfls, In the SchOol-Room, over the DoOr, was this Infeription, PUERI IN HAC SCHOLA GRA- T IS ERUDIENDI C. L. III. TANTUM, AD NUMERUM SEDIUM. Underneath which, fince the Rebuilding of the School by the Mer— cers, for ever grateful Remembrance, were thefe Lines added, compofed, I conjeéitlre, by Mr. Crumlelaolm, then the worthy Mafier : ' Quad Fauflum fit et Felix. ‘ Ad ferte Pofteritatis imitationem, [Eternita- ‘ tem F amae fum; Poft lué‘tuofam Urbis Loadi-V ‘I ueafls'deflagrationem do be LXVI, ampliflima ‘ ‘MERCERORUM Societas Fidem F undatori ‘ MAKAPITHTQ, datam fanétiflirné perfol- ‘ vens‘, Scholam hanc de integro extruendam in- ‘ ftaurandamque, curavit: Perfecitq; Dno. RI- ‘ CHARDO FORD Equite, Urbis Praefeao, ‘ Cuf’tode vero, totiufq; Negotii afliduo diligen— ‘ tiflimoq; Procuratore, Dno. ROBERTO ‘ ,WARE. ' Digaas laude Vim: Mufa tietat mari. Meatei g laac Lege recludor. At the upper End of the School, facing to the Door, was a decent Cathedra, or Chair placed, fomewhat advanced, for the high Matter to fit in, ‘ jora profefluros. , pmfiatia, quam parouli Clari/li quamplurimum apud = te proficiaat, cum literatura, tum bani: moriaus. Ad . 4 L Q. ...Book-3.I’; And over it was a livelyEfiigy, and of exquifite Art, of the Head of Dr. Colet, cut, as it feemed, either in Stone, or Wood; and, over the Head, in Capitals, DEO' OPT. MAX. TRINO ET UNI JOHANNES COLETUS DEC. Séti. PAULI LONDIN. HANC SCHOLAM PO- SUIT. On which Figure an excellent Poet, and once a Scholar of this School, made thefe Verfes :‘ ‘ Eloquio juvenes ubi Lillius ille polivit, ‘ In Statua fpiras, magne Colete, tuft. ‘ Qiam f1 Praxiteles feciifet magnus, 8c ille ‘ F orfitan aaquafl'et, non fuperafl‘et opus. ‘ Hac falva Statua, divina F orma Coleti ‘ Temporibus longis non peritura, manet,’ But this Figure was deftroyed with the School in the great Fire, yet was afterwards found in the Rubbifli by a curious Man, and Searcher in— Mr. Bag/22rd. to the City Antiquities, who obferved, and fo told me, that it was caft and hollow, by a curil ous Art, now left. . From this School I was fent to Camaridge, hav- Some further ing had my Education there, by the good Pro— AFCO‘mt 0f vidence of God, for near the Space of fix Years. ““5 S°h°°1' And therefore it will be pardoned to my public Gratitude to that Place, if I infift a little longer . in my Declaration of the firf’c Founding of it, and of Matters relating thereunto; as, of the Laws and Inftitution of it, made by the Founder ; of vthe Schoolmafcers that have been fet over it by the Mercers, to whom the Care of it is commit- »,ted ; of fome of the eminent Perfons bred up in it; and, laftly, of the Benefactors, befide the firft Founder. As foon as Colet had built his School, he pro- Ca/et makes a vided a Book for his young Scholars, which he Book for his called, dn Intraduflion of the Part: of Speaking for S°h°°L \ Children and young Begiaaers, into Latin Speed: ; which is the Ground and firfi: Draught of that Book we now commonly call‘fl‘be Accideuce. By this Introduétion he put the firfl: Rudiments into an eafier and apter Method for Learning, than anywas before : And this he recommended in a prefatory Epii’tle to William Lill , the Mailer, to teach it the Children, dated the Calends of Au- gu/l, I509, viz. in thefe Words: Joannes Coletus fun Lilio falutem. Accipe 'optime, ac literatifime Lili, libellum pue- rilis Inflitutioni: : in qua quidem eadem qua fueruat ab aliis Iradita, ratioae £9” ordiae paulo, ui fallor, {commodiore digqflmus. qu; fecimus, ut Elemem‘a a Grammatirer, ut felicius influereat in puerorum aui— mos, {3’ teaaciu: ia/aererent. Tuum Brit, quiprimus es laujus nova Pauli Scbola’ Praceptor, bi: rudimen- tis diligenter exercere pueros aoflros, deimep: ad ma- Ni/ail eaim aqua milai cardi q/l in quad fl eaiteris, {9’ Jefum puerorum pmfldem tili , tuo fludio demereberis, 53" meplaue felirem reddiderir.‘ Vale ex Edibus mei: Calead. Augufi. Anna mille zmo quiugeatryimo aoao. ' And near about this Time, or not long after, Procures I:- he procured, from his Friend Era/mu: Rateroda— "WK"? 13°?" ‘ mus, another Book for his School, namely, that ii: (52:33,." intitled, De Copia Veréorum. For Which he promifed the faid Era/mus, while he was once walking with him in his Garden, fifteen An— gels, as a Gratuity. And no queftion Erafmus was pleafed well to contribute fomething to fuch a Foundation, which he himfelf took Occa- fion fometimes to commend and extol 3 as he did in a Letter to Colet, [172720 I 512, in thefe Words, Ludum literarium louge pulcberrimum, a: magnificen— tiflmum ia/lituijli; ubi fulz elefiifimis ac proéatiflimis praceptarilus Britannica Pale: rudibus fiatim aunt's flmul £5 Clarifium £9” apiimas imbiberet literas, i. e. ‘ You have erected a mofi: beautiful and noble when he pleafed, and to teach and diétate there. . . 3 . ‘ School, .._. save. ~:,»4.~‘.-:s.‘.ztt~s us.a,w)w.m...w.a Chap. XXV. Schools. ‘ proved Mailers, the Englzfla Youth might, foon ‘ after their Childhood, imbibe both Chril’t and ‘ the belt Learning.’ _ Conflmuion In the Year I 51 3, Callet fent Lilly' another ‘1’): theo‘ti‘gh‘ Book for the School, of the Conflraflion of tlae szesch. eight Part; of Speech : Which was done by Eraf- mus alfo, upon the earnel’t Suggefiion of Collet, being nothing but the Emendations of, and Addi— tions to fuch a Work, firf’t done by Lilly. This was nothing but the Grounds of our Latin Syn- taxis. This Book he alfo introduced with a Latin 'Epifile, viz. " Yoanne: Coleta: Decanas Sanfii Pauli Gailielnto Lilia ad Dianna Paalam Ladi Moderatari prima— " rio, S. D. Which C01,, Hand aliter mibi videor'afl'efias in novam laanc recommends filialam nojlrani, Lili tbariflme, qaam in unicam igafhllinthis filzam‘p’ater : in guem non [alum gaudet aniverfam School. fuamfnbflantianz transfimdere, 'veram etiam fua ‘vzf- tera, filieeat capit'impertiri. Nam at bait efl pa- ram genaifliz, ~ngfi eandem diligenti Edneatione ad ao- nam fragem provexerit, ita nzeo animo nan fatis eff, quad Ladam bane inflitai, loot e/l, genui, qaodq; in janzpto patrimonia ani‘verfo, viva: etiam ac faperft‘es jolidam bareditatem ecfli, nifl modi: omnibus dem operam, at piis marinas 59° bani: literis diligenter educata: ad maturamfragem adolefcat. Prainde li- ' eel/am laanc de confiruétione 0&0 partium orationis ad fe mitto, puflllnm gnidem, fed non pafillnm utilita- z‘is allataranz noflne pail, fi diligenter abs te faerit traditns. ' Sci: in pmeeptis brevitatem platere Flaeco : Cujus fententiam ipfe raelaeinentur' approbo. Porro, fiqaa pneterea ernnt digna cognita, taaram partiam erit, at incident in pralegendis aatlyoribas, adnotare. Bene vale : Dami noflne. M D XIII. This Book De Conflraelione went fome Time under Erafmas’s Name. Yet Erafmas declined to have it reckoned his, as being Lilly’s Ground- work. And Lilly, on the other Hand, modefily refufed to have himfelf made the Author, after fuch confiderable Changes and Improvements made «by Era/inns, who, in the Year 1515, wrote a Preface before this Book, now commonly cal- led, Tbe Syntaxis, wherein he publicly difowned it to be his, out of Refpeét to Lilly ; concluding with thefe Words, Vernm bat mini preefari vzfam (fl, ne pq/l loac quifqnam at meam ampleflatar, i. e. But this Ithought good to preface, that none hereafter might take the Book as mine. ‘ Colet alfo framed a lhOl‘t Catechifm in Engli , for the Youth of his School, which he obliged all to learn ; and was ufed in, the Times of - Po- pery to be bound up at the Beginning of the Ac- cidence. It confified of the Articles of the Chrif- tian Faith, the Doctrine of the feven Sacraments, an Explanation of the Love of God, of our own felves, and of our Neighbours, and lal’tly, di- vers ihort Precepts for a good Life. To which he joined in the Latin the Apol’tles Creed, the Lord’s Prayer, the Ave Maria, and two lhort Prayers ‘, one to the Virgin Mary, and the other to 7efas the Guardian of the School. And if the fuperititious Parts of this Catechifm had been laid afide, and the rel’t, which is very pious, had been retained for the Ufe of the School, it would, in my Opinion, have been Very well done, and the Founder’s Will more complied with. Colet’s Cate. 'chifm for his School. The Ordi- The primary Inl’titution, Ordinances, Ap- names of St. pointments and Documents of this School may Paul's be gathered from an old Statute Book, wrote by s°h°°l' the Founder’s own Hand, and by him delivered Ebemlsm to Lilly; Which is thus inferibed, Hunt liiellain ‘ietat.Merce- ego Joannes Colet tradidi manila: magiflri .LilliJ, ,or.London. XVIII. die ffnnii, Anna Dom. MCCCCCXVIII. St. Paul’s Selma]. ‘ Oidiiianee: tbereofi .‘ School, where, underthe choicefl: and mol’t ap- ' ‘ 18 5 It begins, Johannis Coleti Fandafori: cl . fna propria prologas. ~“ 70!»: Colet, Sbfioh‘i'gil: “ 79 Colet, Dean of St. Paul ’3, 'defiring nothing “ more.than Education, and bringing up C1111. ‘/‘ dren in good Manners and LiteratUre, in the “ Year of our Lord r512, built a School “ [not fully finifhed till that Year] in the call: “ End of St. Paul’s Church for 153 Boys, to ‘ be taught free in the fame. ' H “ And ordained there a Mafier, a Sur-Mal’ter ‘ and a Chaplain, with fufiicient and perpetual Stipends ever to endure; and fet Patrons, De- fenders, Governors and Rulers of the fame School, the melt 'honel’t and faithful Fellow- ' [hip of the MerCers of London. ' And, for becaufe nothingcan continue long “ and endure in good Order without Laws and “ Statutes, I, the faid f70/an Colet, have exprefl'ed “ my Mind, what I would ihould be truly and diligently obferved and kept of the faid Mai- l’ter, Sur-Mal’ter, and Chaplain, and of the Mercers, Governors of the School : That in this Book may appear to what Intent I fouudf -“ ed this School.’ ‘ 4 ' n Then follow his Ordinances, “ That he found— The Ordi- , “ ed the School in the Honour of Clari/t‘ 7efu in “.ancelsqffi‘h.‘ “- pneritia, and of his blelTed Mother Mary. high 3 er’ “ That the high Mailer fhould be chofen by the “ Wardens and Afliltants of the Mercers. That “ he be a Man whole in Body,"hone1’t, virtuous, ‘5 and learned in good and clean Latin Litera- “ ture, a alfo in Greek, if fuch‘ might be got: “ ten; a wedded Man, a fingle Man, or a “ Priel’t, that hath no Benefice with Cure or 361“ “ vice. His Wages to be a Mark 9. Week, and “ a Livery Gown of 4. Nobles, deliVered in “ Cloth. His Lodgings to be free. And to have the Tenement. of Stevenlaitla' to refort unto. That the Sur-Mal’ter be verfed in Learning SarpMafiex-f,’ “ and well lettered, to teach under the Maf’ter; “ either fingle Man, wedded, or Prieft, that “ hath no Benefice with Cure or Service: To be “ whole in Body. The high Mailer to chufe “ him, as the Room fhall be void; and to be “ confirmed by the Surveyors of the School; “ Lodgings to be afiigned him in the Old Change: “ His Wages to be fix Shillings and eight Pence “ per Week ; and a Livery Gown of 4. Nobles, “ delivered in Cloth. That there {hall be in the For‘the-Chapo “ School a Priefl daily, as he could, to ling lain- “ Mafs in the Chapel of the School, and-to pray “ for the Children to profper in good Life and “ in good Letters. That he was to be fome ho,- “ nei’t, good, and virtuous Man. To be chofen “ by the Wardens and Allil’tants of the Mercery. “ T 0 learn himfelf, or, if learned, to help to teach “ the School, if it feemed convenient to the high “ Mafier. To have no Benefice with Cure of “ Souls, nor no other Office or Occupation. To “ teach the Children the Cathechifm, and In- “ ftruétion of the Articles of Faith and the ten “ Commandments in Engli/b. His Wages to “ be 81. by the Year, and 'a Livery Gown of “ of 26s. 8 d. delivered in, Cloth. His Cham- ‘ her and Lodging to be in the new Hou’fe 1n ‘ the Old Change, or the Mafier’s Lodging. . , “ Children of all Nations and Countries in: For the Chil- ‘ differently to be taught, to the Number of dren- 153. The Mailer to admit thefe Children as they be offered -, but firi’c to fee that they can fay the Catechifm, and alfo read and write Competently; and to pay 4- d- for writing then “ Name :' Which Money the poor Scholar that ‘ fwept the School was. to have. Thrice a Day, :4 viz. Morning, Noon, and Evening, proflrate “ to fay the Prayers contained in a Table in the “ School. No Tallow Candles, but only Wax “ to be ufed. No Meat, Drink, or Bottles to be 0" "flak Bflfl 0‘ IN I‘ “ brought 1’86; Child-Biflmp Sermon at St. Paul’s. ta u" i: it? (t' (C ‘6 3‘ ‘G ‘6 fl ¢ t 2 hfln‘n it (C r. t t on it WhatAuthors to be read. 2 ‘c. 1‘ ( 1‘ ¢ 0 9‘ ¢ 1‘ t h ‘C i s: cc it n it The Mercers ' CompanyGo- vernors of the School. ¢ “u 1‘:- “u ‘6' a he is u it: u cc u u “ u I“ 1: u "C 1‘ 1‘ 'C‘ (C K a ‘6‘ ‘6 it 1. I! 'u 1 l‘ .‘ 0 cc cc 1: ‘ ‘c C‘ ' 0 6‘ u. 'C‘ ‘ , ' St. Paul’s Selma]. brought gjnor no Breakfafis nor Drinkings in the Time of Learning. ,That the Scholars ”fife 'no Cock-fighting, nor Riding about of Victory, nor Difputing at St.,Bari‘/aolomew’s »; which are but foolilh Babbling and Lofs of Time. That they have no Remedies. [i. e. Play Days begged] except the King, an Arch- bifhop, or a ifhop, prefent in his own Per- fon, defired‘ it. (The Children every C/ailder- ma: Day to go to Paul’s Church, and hear ‘the Child-Biihop Sermon, and after to be at 1 the High Mafs, and each offer a Penny to the 7. Child-Bifl’iop -, and with them the Matters and E , Surveyors of the School. In general Procef— lions, when warned, theyfhall go two and two together foberly; and not fing out, but fay devoutly feven Pfahns with the Litany. That, if any Child, admitted here, go to any other SchOoI to learn there, .fuch Child for no Man’s suit be again received into the School. “ To be' tanght always in good Literature both Latin and Greek, and good Authors, fuch as have the very Roman Eloquence, joined with Wifdom; efpecially, Chrif’tian Authors, that wrote their Wifdom with clean and chafie Latin, either in Verfevor Profe. But, above all, the~ Catechifm in Engli/lar; after that the Accidence. 1 Then Inflitutam Clari/iiani bamini:, which Erafmm made at my- [i. e. Colet’s] Re- quel’t; the Copia Veracrum of the fame Au— thor: Then other Chrif’tian Authors; as Lae- ,‘tantins, Prndentins, and Proba ; Sednlins, ffu» warns, and Baptifla ‘Mantynanns; and fuch other as fha-ll‘ be thought convenient for the true Latin Speech. ‘ . ‘ . n “ The honourable Company of Mercers of London, to have all‘the Charge and Care, and Rule of the School. They, to chufe every Year of their Company two fhonef’t, fubfian- tial Men to 'be the Surveyors of the School, who, in the Name of thewhole Fellowfhip, lhOuld‘take all the Care and Bufinefs of the 'SchOol forvthat Year. ‘- They to come into the School fix Days before Cari/tinny, and fo many Days before Ea/ler, St. john Baptifl, and Mebanmas; and pay the MaI’ters and Chap- lain their Qlarterly Wages; and at the latter End of the Year their Liveries in Cloth. And once in the Year‘to give up their Accounts to the Maf’ter, Wardens, and Afliftants. And that to be about Can‘dlemas, three Days before, or .three Days after. Then a little Dinner to be made; and to call to Account the Receiving of all the Ei’tate of the School: And 'the Mafier Warden to receive. a Noble, the two . other Wardens five Shillings; the Surveyors tWo Shillings, and for their Riding to vifit the Lands I 1 s. the Clerk of the Mercery 35. 4d. with fome other Gifts. That which was fpared that Day in Rewards and Charges, to be put into the Treafury of the School. What re- mained, to be given to the Fellowfhip of the Mercery, to the maintaining and repairing all belonging to the School from Time to Time. h The Surplufage, above Repairs and Cafual-. ties, to be‘put into -a Colfer of Iron given by Calet, fianding in their Hall. And there from .Year to Year to remain apart by itfelf, that, it might appear how the School, of itfelf main- tained itfelf. — And at length over and above the whole Livelihood, if the faid School, {hould "grow to any further Charge to the Mercery, that then alfo it might appear to ’the Laud, and Praife, and Mercy of the faid F ellowfhip. - “ Laftl’y, That he left it to the faid Company to add and diminifh' to and from this his Book, and to fupply it in every Default, and alfo to 2 ~7'hi..Ma/2m. ‘ Book? Jr. “ declare in it, as Time, Place, aridfjuft-Occa— . “ lion lhould require. : The Book concludes with the ordinary Charges paid out .Yearly, v‘viz. . 1;, }34 V To the high Matter, at r gs. Ltd. per Week 13, 04" To the ‘Middle Mafier 2.6 Marks I 7 06 08 . To the Prieft -— , '8 00% 00 Their Liveries —— -- 4 oo 00 The Supervifors and Surveyors 4.? 00 00 ‘F or Vifiting of Lands -——— 04. .00 00 The Clerk _ -—- -- oo . 93 04 The Mafter Warden —- —— 00' 05 00 The Steward —— 00 . 02 00 To Baililfs —- —- —— O'o ' 02 '00 The Colts of the Dinner -- or 06 08’ The Officer of the Mercery, r _ Renter of the School —- }O.I ’00 00 For his Gown or 03 oo 76 02 00 There refieth to the Reparations, Suits, Cafualties, and all other} 38 06 3% Charges extraordinary. 114 08 3; To all this 70/972 Cole: fubfcribed his Hand thus, j‘oannes Coletm fundatar name [choke ~mane: mea prapria. ‘ But now the Rents and Incomes of this School, by the good Hufbandry and F aithfulnefs of the Company of Mercers, are greatly advanced. So that the Salaries of the Mafters are more than doubled; and many Exhibitions, fome-of ten Pounds, and fome of fix Pounds odd Money, are granted forth towards the Maintenance of the Scholars that go away from the School to the Univerfities, payable for feven Years, if they tarry to long there. i v ' This School was burnt down in the common Calamity by Fire, flnno‘ 1666, but built up again much after the fame Manner and Proportion as it was before, together with the Library, and an Houfe added on the fouth End thereof for the fecond Mafier _; whofe Dwelling before, and from the firf’t Founding of the School, was in the Old Change, adjoining to the faid School : This Houfe hath a very handfome Front, anfwe’rable to the high Mafter’s Houfe at the north End of the School, on which is engraven, EDES PRE- CEPTORIS GR flMMflT ICES. Annual Charges of the School. The RC‘nts intreafed. Burnt and rebuilt. In the next Place, I fliall' exhibit a Catalogue Mafiers of offuch as have been chief Mai’ters of this School this SChOOL from the firl’t Foundation of it to this prefent Time ; with fome Remarks upon fome of them. . Their Naines. I When elet‘lg mam Lilly, high Mafier, placed by the “1‘ m, Founder: Of whom Erafinus, in his Epil‘tle be- Lil] , firfl: ufq; [literature band onlgariter peritns, {9’ refle in- flirnende pnais flrtifex. i. e. That he was a Man fingularly {killed in both Kinds of Literature [Latin and Greek] and an Artift in the right Bring- ing up of Youth. Being a good Poet, he made the Latin Rules in our Grammar for the Genders of Nouns, and the preterperfeét Tenfes and Su- pines of Verbs, putting them into Hexameter Verfe, for Youths eafier learning and remember- ing them. He compoied alfo thofe excellent fore the Syntaxir, gave this Character, viz. Utri- Mam"- Rules in Latin Verfe, called Qni mini, for the In— ' f’truétion of the Children, his Scholars, in good Manners. He bred up many great Scholars, and fuch as, afterward, proved famous in their Times; as anfi’t, Sir ant/yon} Denny, Sir Edward Nari/9, . Sir Chap. XXV. 1522. 1532. i549- ‘559' 1573' knowledges it in one {of his Epigrams; Inflruttor Lillius ille fuit. After ten Years, ‘or more, he» was fucceeded by john Rightwife, or Ritwis, in Latin, Jultus, who had been fecond Malter before; and was Lilly’s Son-in-Law, having married his Daughter Dionyfia. He was born in Norfolk, bred at Eaton School and King’s College in Cambridge, where he was admitted in I 508, reputed an excellent Poet, and wrote thefe Verfes upon Lill , his Father-in- Law and Predecefior: Vivere perpetuir fl pcflunt nomina Charlie, Ac cineri quenquam at fa: fuperefl fuo; Crede tuo hoc, LILI, dottrina munere claro, Dignus es eaterna pojieritate frui. Leland hath an Epigram to this Mafter, inti— -tled, Ad _ Juitum Paulina fchola Moderatorem : Beginning Qui linguas teneras nova refingis Quadam dexteritate, nec ruinam Mufitr-um pateris nitentium ullam; Tu nunc, ?’ufie, meum manu henigna Carmen fufcipe - - - - - - - This Rightwi/E' made the Tragedy of Dido out of Virgil, and acted a Part in it with his SchOlars before Cardinal Wolfey, with great Applaufe. He revifed and augmented Lilly’s Propria qua marihns, -& A: in prefimti. And publifhed them with an Interpretation of theWords in them. After Ten Years Labour here, he alfo gave Place to Richard yoner. Next him fucceeded . fhom‘as Freeman; who alfo fpent ten Years in the laborious Employment of the Education of St. Paul’t School. - The Maflert. ‘Sir William Pager, Leland the Antiquary, who ac! the (Amen. Sir {William Cat 2 afterward " ' " " him to retrieve what he coiild of the Wight???" Sir Thomar Chalonerg and ‘he prepared and pub- lifhed 'hlS ingenious Work De Repuh. Anglorum- wrote in Latin Verfe. He had two great Patron; viz. the aforefaid Cecyl, after Lord Treafurer, and the great Earl of Leiccfler. After he had been near feven Years Matter of this School, he grew quite weary of his Work in rolling of Sifivphus’s Stone, as he called it, and applied himfelf to’ his great Patron the Lord Trealiirer, acquainting him With his Refolution of refigning; and praying his Favour to provide him fome other more a- greeable, and more eafy and more profitable Em- ployment. For, in thofe Times, the Salary was not fo weighty and encouraging, as fince it hath been. He complained to his aforefaid Patron, Me ntmzum Paupertate gravari, -. lihertate prinari, conculcari Doitrinam‘, flies men: eninaniri. He deli- fired not, he faid, a Freedom from all Labours, but with O'vid: I Mtzu: Exilium, paulogue quietiueopto; He wilhed for a milder and a little more quiet Banifhment; concluding his Letter with thefe Verfes: AaVis tu Cynafura mihi, ter Nohilis Horas, Ne tenui in menfa dfit mediocre Salinum; ' Ne nimium frat’tum me rodat tri/ti: Egcfias, . Nene ego perpetuo curi: innolvar acerhis. ' Hc€C mea nota precor fupplex ne fegnius hauri, Candide Macenas, anus quifingula poflis. . Sic tihi multiplices currant faliciter anni, . ’Profpera magnanimi numerer €99 lu/tra Metelli. He ftayed about two Years after this Application Youth, and then came into his Province 7ohn Cook, M. A. admitted into King’s College Cambridge, Anna 15 33. He feems to have been a Native of Lincoln/hire, and School—Fellow to the Lord Treafurer Burghley ; as may be conjectured from a Letter of the faid Cook to the {aid Lord, thankfully acknowledging the obliging Reception that great Miniiter of State once gave him, after along Abfence, and lntermiflion of Acquaintance: Cum Ufu: aliquis, as the Letter ran, a primo pane [ludiorum no/lrorum curricula, nix intereflet; i. e. whenthere had fcarce been any Converfation be— tween them from the firl’t Courfe of their Studies to that Time. . This Letter he began with a good Sentence and a good Principle; which to leave fome Remem- brance of the Man, I {hall here fet down : Equi- dem in communi vita ac focietate hominum inter ipfos, nihil prius neg; lihero homine dignius efle reor, quam animo ut propenfo jimus ad eo: junandos, qui ope al~ tera indigent. Ea etenim orti omnec, editiq; in lucem fumus, hene ut mereamur alter de altero, prafirtim in amicorum inopia ac neccflitudine. He went from the School to a good Living in Somerjkt/hire, called North Cadhury : Which he obtained from the Patron, the Earl of Huntingdon, by the Interceflion of his faid Noble Friend, the Lord T reafurer. There is a Copy of handfome Latin Verfes, of this Cook’s compofing, fet before Dr. Tho. Wilfon’s Book of Ufury. He that fucceeded him, was I/Villiam Malim, of King’s College in Camhridge ; and afterwards lived at the Court; Son perhaps to 7ohn Malim, Phyfician, buried in St. Peter’s Cornhill, London, and that gave'4o l. to the Poor of that Parifli: A neat Scholar, writ a fine Hand, and Matter of a very good Latin Stile; and had been a great Traveller; had feen Conflantinople, Antioch, Yerufalem, and many other famous Cities in Afla. Upon his Return he was prefented to Secretary Cecyl, by Sir Amhrofle Cave. The Se— cretary retained him at his Table, and he. With the great Earl of Leiccflcr recommended him to to the Lord Treafurer, and then departed, and feems to have got a Prebend of Lincoln, and be- came afterwards Matter of Eaton School. ‘ felon Harri/on, M. A. He was alfo of King’s“ College in Cambridge. A great Antiquary for Coins,- and Engli/h Hiitory. He had fome Conteit with the Company of Mercers for the Augmentation of his Salary ; and, by an Order agreed and cita- blifhed, it was confiderably increafed to him an his Succefl'ors. He continued Matter of St Paul’s School fifteen Years. Richard Mclcafler, M. A.- of a good Family in Carli/le in Cumberland. He Was alfo bred in Eaton School and chofen thence to King’s College in Camhridge -, thence eleéted Student of Chri/t’s- Church, Oxon, Anno 1 5 5 5. He feems to have been the firit Mafter of Merchant Taylor’s School, in the Parifh of St. Laurence Pountney, London. For he was chofen thither, Anno I 561, where after he had fpent five and twenty Years, he be- came Maiter of St. Paul’s School. For the Ufe of this School he wrote a Catechifm in Latin, in Hex- ameter and Pentameter Verfes. He alfo p‘u/blifhed two Books in Engli/h, while he was Maiter of’ Merchant Taylor: School, about the Initruction of Children, in 4to. The former he prefumed to de- dicate to the (ween, becaufe it pretended a com- mon Good: For in it he laid down Pofitions for the Training up of Children in Learning and .Health. The latter which he called T he Elemeni tarie, teaching the right Writing of Engli/h, he dedicated to the Earl of Leice/ler. He was a Man of great Account for his Learna ing in thofe Times : And, for his Knowledge in the Oriental Languages, was valued by that great Englim Rabbi, Hugh Broughton. He had the How nour to be Mafter to Bifliop Andrews, VYhIIC he governed Merchant Taylor: School._ He died Par- fon of Stanford-Rivers in flflex, Whither he retired two or three Years before his Death. Next him came He wrote a Book in- Corpus Chri/li C0”??? 0x077. titled, Bbb 18.7. 1581; I596 Alexander Gill, born in Lincoln/hire, M. A. of 1608. 2188 I635. I6571 1672. 1697. I St. . Fool’s School. fho ”Mahala. titled. Lemonade. sfar amending and refitifying the Writing of the: atrial? Language And, being 21‘ Divine as wall asa Critic, he wrote (a ’i‘raé?! con— cerning the Trinity'in Unity, againit a certain don. haptzjt; and another Book intitlcd, Sacred Phi- lofophy of holy Scripture. Hewas'buried in More: ears Chapel. Alexander Gill, D. D. Son of the faid Alexander. ‘ Hehad been feconcl Maiter before under his Fa- ’ He was pfieemed one of the belt Latin’ ther. Poets in his Time. Many Bieces of his Poetry are extant. He remained Mafier of this School {he fhortelt Time of any Maiter before .or fince, being removed in" the Year 1640, perhaps for his Severity, yet he had an Annuity allowed him of 25 l. i ' . ‘ ' fohn Langley, born near Banhury in Oxforrflhire, of Magdalen Hall, Oxon, firi’t Malter of the Col- lege School in Glance/fer, from thence Chofen to , St. Paul’s. A general Scholar, and efpecially a great Antiquary in Matters of our own Country: _ Of the Stories and Curiofities whereof he made a confiderabl‘e Colleetion in his Travels. He was ~ known and beloved by the learned Selden. He compofed a fhort Rhetoric, and a compendious Profodia for the Ufe of his School, befides divers , Amendments, Additions, and Explanations of the ' 1"; Latin and Greek Grammars, ufed by his Scholars. He had a very awful Prefence and Speech, that , {truck a mighty Refpeét and Fear in his Scholars, ’ ' _ , . . . .. ' ' Upon his Death fucceeded Philip Jfifiqugé,‘ which however wore off, after they were a little ufed to him. And his Management of himfelf towards them was fuch that they both loved and feared him. He was a fingle Man, and died in the Year 16 57, and was buried in Mercers Chapel, all the Scholars attending his Funeral, walking before the Corpfe, hung with Verfes inflead of Efcutcheons, from the School through Cheap— jide, with white Gloves on; and I then was one of the Number. His Funeral Sermon was preach- ed by one of his learned Friends, Dr. Edward Reynoldr, afterWards Bifhop of Norwich, upon the Text, dais vii. flnd Mofes was learned in all the Learning of the Egyptians; wherein both Learning, and the learned .Man deceafed, were much com- mended: And the Sermon was printed. Samuel Cromleholme, or Crumlum, of Corpus Chrifli College, Oxon, who was alfo removed from the GoVernment of Glouee/ter School hither, where he had once been fecond Mai’ter. And fuch an Opinion had Mr. Langley of him, that on his Death-Bed he recommended him to the Mercers, as the fittei’t Man to fucceed him. He was we; a67Awrl@, one that underflood a great many Lan- guages, and exceeded his Predecefi‘or in that fort of Learning. In his Time Paul’s School was burnt in the great Fire; and he loft an incom— parable Library; for he was very curious in Books: But he lived to teach School there again, after the beautiful Rebuilding of it. He died a mar- ried Man, but without Children. From wholb Care of my Education, which I think myfelf bound publickly to acknowledge, I removed to the Uni- verfity of Camhridge, flnno 1661. Thomas Gale, D. D. A York/hire Man, bred at W eflminfler-School, Fellow of Trinity College, Cam- hridge; an excellent Grecian and antiquarian, ef- pecially for the, Hiflory of this Kingdom. A ; married Man and had Children. He refigned, being made Dean of York, lately deceafed. His Son is Roger. Gale, Efq; a Perfon of great Learn- ing and Merit. 7ohn Po/llethwait, born in Cumherland, bred in Merton College,.0xon, chofen from a School in St. Martin’s in' the Fields, of the Foundation of Dr. Thomas Toni/on, While he was Reétor of the faid Parifh, fince the molt Reverend Father, Lord Archbiihop of Canterhary : Who, upon the Experience and thorough Knowledge of him, re- 5 commended Martinis}; a mail: ample COmmtflela: not .19 the Moose Compare. whofr' Teft'uanEL-l was as islbrths Book I. “ I have known Mr. Po lethwait ni h twenty The Archbiz _ , . . g Y ~“ Years. He hath been long the upper School~ “ mailer at St. Martin’s. Ihave never known ‘ him wilfully abfent for two‘Hours on any Day “ in School-time. He is a Man of great Abili- ties in Learning, and particularly in' that which relates to Grammar, in the Knowledge of the Hehrew, Greek, and Latin Tongues. He is of a very even Temper, and one who Ptudieth the Temper and Genius of Youth. His Schoa lars are in Awe of him by Reafon of his grave Deportment and good Difcipline, but he cloth not terrify them with Severity. He hath fent forth divers eminent Scholars. And I do be— lieve, for Infiance Sake, that there are few in the Nation equal, for their Time, to Wallis of Magdalen College, Oxford, and Mr. Faweet of Bennet College in Camhridge, late his Scholars. He is very careful of the Religion and Manners of thofe under his Care, and taketh Pains with divers of them every Lord’s Day before Church- time. His Converfation is ferious and difcreet, and hath nothing of ,Pedantry in it. I have laid very, much of him, and yet I cannot do him Juf’tice in faying lefs.” THQ. CAN'runn.i n C‘ 5‘ 6‘ C‘ (S ‘6 ‘6 (S ‘C “ A. M. who. had been Surmafizer; and, lime his Time, the Succeflion of the High-M83315 has been as followeth: . _ . 23 yunij, 1721, Benjamin Morland. 15-37071; 1733, Timothy Crumpe, A. M.- 11 Fehr. 1736, George Charles, A. M. 12 Aug. 1748, George Thielznefle, who had been Chaplain, Aiiil’tant, and Surmaf’ter (into the former of which Places he was chofen, 5 067. I7 37 ; into the latter, 4. Mai; I 744) fucceeded, and is the prefent High-Matter, 7o/hua Tillozfon, A. M. is the prefent ,Surmaf; tCI‘. . Samuel Ely, A. B. the prefent' Chaplain and Alliltant. . Out of this School, by the Care of thefe dili4 gent and learned Men, have gone forth, from Time to Time, many that have proved able Statefmen, Prelates, and Divines, Phyficians, and Civilians, and others that have been raifed to (Qiality and Honour, whofe Names cannot here be fer down ; only I will mention Sir 1552150779 Denny, Sir Edward North, Sir PVleiam Paget, , Lupfit, Leland, in more antient Times: In later Times, Whitaker the learned Profefi‘or of Diviq 3 nity in Camhridge, and Difputant againfl the Pa- 3 pilts -, Dr. Cumherland, the great Philoibpher and tl‘llathernatician, as well as Divine ; the Ancient Bifhop of Peterhorough, now deceafed, and Dr. .Meggo‘t late Dean of PVinehe/ter, a fingular Preacher; Sam. Pepys, Efq; Secretary fome Time to the. Navy; Sir Thomas Davies, late Lord Mayor of London; Benjamin Calamy, D. D. Sir Charles Sear- .horough, one of the learnedel’t Phyficians of his Time; Spencer Compton, Efq; late Speaker of the Houfe of Commons, and Knight of the Shire of Snflex. ‘ I conclude this Catalogue with the molt Vic- torious Duke of Marlhorough, one of the greatefl: Generals of this Age in Europe. I only add further the Words of him that preached the lat“: Anniverfary Day before the Gen- lhop’s Re; . commendati~ on of him. Perfons of E.‘ minence edu- cated in this School. tlemen bred up at the School : ‘ At this prefent S. Knight, ‘ fome of them [that had been Scholars there] 11 D. ‘ are defervedly honoured with the Mace, the Co- ‘ ronet, and the Mitre. The Reverend Founder faw fome Succefs of his School in his own Time. Sir Thomas More, who had a great Friendfhip with the Founder? w o xxv. scan. Mercets. who alfo was his Confefi‘or, in a Letter to him, ‘ compared his School to the Wooden. Horfe of Merchant-Taylor‘s; ' 1 89 fplr the better Enouiry into the Proficiency of all The School’s t e Scholar-s, there is. an Order appointed for three Proba‘ Chap: Benefactors. The School , 'at Mercer: Chapel. 1 . .Merclmne Taylor: School. The State and C°"d“‘°“ °f eight Forms, where near three Hundred Boys it. ‘ which form an handfome Cloil’cer, fray, out of which the Grecian: iilued to furprize the City: In like Manner, {aid he, out of this your firbool many leave fame, that have 'fnloerteol and com/aroma all Ignorance and Rndenefi. ' Benches the Founder, the School hath enjoyed Other Benefaélors. » . The Lady Cnmpden, Wife to Sir Baptijl Hit/its, Lord. Campden, fome Time a Mercer in. Cbeapfide, gave certain Exhibitions of IO 1. per Annum, to {och of the Scholars as went thence to Trinity @1183: in Cambridge, befides other Exhibitions. The School at Mercers Chapel. Another of thefe public Schools is that “which is kept at Mercer: Chapel, which I fubjoin. next to St. Paul’s School, ecaufe it bath the fame Patrons and Governors, viz. the Company of Meteors, who pay the Matter 40 l-. a Year, and allow him an Houfe, for which he is bound to teeth 2 5 Scholars gratis; The School is of great Antiquity, and hath been under the Patronage of the Mercers [0 long that the Founder is not known :. Unlefs it be he that was the Founder of St. 51739an of flcons, Thomas Fitntbelvnld, who married Thomas Bee/en’s Sifter, who, in the Reign of King Henry II, founded in this Place an H011 pital for a Matter and Brethren, Knights Hof- pitallers ; which, upon a Surrender of it to King Henry VIII, Jinno 1538, was purchafed by the Mergers, who continued the School, whether by Contract, or Voluntary good Will, I am yet to feek. Only thus much appears, that, when by an Act of Parliament, ’2. 5 Hen. 6, four Grammar Schools were appointed to be opened in London for the Education of the City Youth, one of thefe was to be kept in the Hofpital of St. 51790- mas of [Icon-5, or Colecbnrclo adjoining to it; and the Mailer of the faid Houfe, or Parfon of the {aid Parifh, from Time to Time, to place a fit Schoolmaf‘ter there. The prefent Malter of this School is the Rev. 3%}: Brown, A. M. Merchant-T'aylors School. Another School of great Fame and Reputation is that fituated in Sn elk—Lane near Cnndlewz'clee— jlreet, in the Parilh of St. Lawrence Ponm‘nqy, founded in the Year 1561, 3 Eli/Eileen, by the worfhipful Company of the Merchant—Taylors of London, in the Maflerfhip of Emnnnol Lnenr: Richard Hills, fometime Mafier of the laid Com- pany, having before given 5001. toward the Pure chafe of an Houfe called, The Manor of the Rafe, to the Duke of Bucking/mm, for that Purpofe. And therein was this School antiently kept. But, that Houfe‘ being deitroyed by the great Fire I 666, the prefent Buildings were ereét- ed upon the Scite of it, at the Charge of the {aid Company of Merchant—Taylor‘s; ,. The School is a long and fpacious Building, fupported on the Bali by many home Pillars, within which are Apartments for the three Ufhers. Adjoining to the School is a Library fupported, in like Man— ner, by Pillars of Stone and well furnilhed with Books And~ fouth of the Library is the Part called The Clonpel. Contiguous to thefe is a large Houfe appropriated to the I—Ieadsmafter. This School confifi'eth of fix or more truly of belonging have their Education; whereof by the Statutes of the School an Hundred are taught gratis; Fifty at 25. 6d. a Qparter ; and an Hundred at 5 s. a uarter. And, for the due Inl’truéting of thefe, the School maintains a Mailer, whofe Sa— lary is 101. a Year, but his Benefits are other— wife very confiderable, and three Ufhers. And, I , :or two of them, two learned Men at Six of the Clock in the jeéts and Order of the.Orations. . thefProbation of the School to be made only by firms. theMal‘cer and the three Ufhers. The firfi: Pro- bation' to be on the 11th Day of Miran; the Second on the I 1th of Septemler ~,' the Third. on the nth of Decemler; not being Sundays, and then upon the next Day following. And there are excellent Orders let down in the Regii‘cry, kept in the School Library, to the Number of Thirteen, directory of the Mafier in this Buli- nefs, as to his ProbatiOn and Trial of the Abi- lities of all the Boys that learn there. ' In the Year I 645’ the Company Of Nerhant' A fourth Pith Taylors appomted a fourth Probation, upon the bation ap. ' Mafia. of pomted; Motion of Mr. Dngnrd, then chief this Grammar ’SchoOl, viz. that there {hall be another private Probation of the Scholars, be- fides thele Three which are already fettled by the Orders of the School. And this is on the 15th Day of ynne Yearly. The precife Manner of this Examination is let down in the School Regil’cry; and all the Orders thereof allowed and approved under the Hands of form of the greateft Scho- lars and Divincs in thofe Times-{7212. 701m 01):; ml, D. D. Dean of St. Paul’s; 70/971 Dove, DD. 70/972 Spencer, D. D. Nic. Fenlon, D. D. film Cloile 4671635 D. D; , p . - . ‘ It was further thought fit afterWards, Satisfactionvof the Mafier and, Wardens, Court of Aflil‘cants of the Merchant-Taylors, as well for the true and faithful Performance Of the Probation of the Matter and; the three Ulhers, as likewife to know what Boys profit molt, - and be the belt and likeliefi Scholars, that the Proba; tions themfelves lhould havetheir, Examination and Trial, to be done at two feveral Times every Year. And this Examination to be made by two judicious Men: Well learned in Hebrew, Greek, and Latin, being by the Maf’ter and Wardens thereunto requefted two or three Days before; The Place of Examination to be in the fouth Part of the School, commonly called the Chapel.- The Time to be between the I 1th and zitlli Days of the Months of More]: and September. And the whole Bufinefs to be f0 ordered, that: the Examination be fully done between the Hours of Six and Eleven. The Maflerand Wardens, to be at the School with the Morning. , Upon thefe Days, which are called the Doc? . t'or’s Days, after the Bufinefs of Examination in ; the Chapel is finifhed, the Audience which is ge- nerally pretty numerous return into the School, where certain public Exercifes are then perform— , ed by the Eight fenior Scholars or Monitors, of 3 the School. There is yet anOther public Examinatioti of the Scholars of the Upper—form, by the Prefi- vdent and Fellows of St. 701m Bopti/l College in Oxford,- tipon the 1 1th Day of 7am Yearly. T his. is previous to the. Eleé‘tion of Scholars to be made, upon, that Day, to fill up the vacant Fellowlhips in St. 7obn’s College; of the Fel- lows of which College Thirty-{even are fupplied from this School. After the public Exercifes of this [Day are finilh'e'd, the Dean of the College ad— drefies himfelf to the Scholars, out of whofe Number theVacancies are to be filled up, in a Latin Speech 'fuited to this Occafion.‘ . At this Time an Account is ufually printed, containing the Names and Order of the Head- fcholars, their Births, Admiflion, and Continu- ance ”in the Head-Form. And alfo of the Sub- One of thefe Papers for the Year 1752 lying now before Us, we fhall, by Way of Specimen, exhibit f0 much of it as relates to the Exercifes. ‘ . ' Imprzmu, for thé Examinations and twrce a Year. 190 A Catalogue of the Maf. ters of this School. Regiflry of the School. Entrance, 1 561 24 Sept. Continuance, June 25. 1586 8 New. 1592 6 06?. * I599 IgMaii. 162+ 29 7472. Merchant-Taylors School. T he Meg/tern Imprimis, ‘ Orationes gratulatorix duee; ’U ‘ Qiarum altera Latine habenda g E.W. ‘ Greece altera. g C. W'. ‘ Sequitur orationum fenarius, quarum argu— _‘ menta lingula exhibentur in hunc ordinem : 1 . Virtutes Morales] F - - - . - 2. Prudentia leg I p - - - - _ 3. Juftitia > 3 < - - - - - 4.. F ortitudo g - .. .. - _ 5. Temperantia I g l - - - - - 6. Patientia J L — The Matters of this famous School, from the firf’t Foundation of it to the prefent Time, with the Year of their refpeétive Entrance, and the Time of their Continuance, the following Table will fhew. Name: of the Majlert. Richard Muleafier, firft Matter. He was bred at Eaton School, eleéted Scholar of King’s Col- lege in Cambridge in I 548, and Student of Chrifl’s Church in Oxford, I 555 ; where he proceeded in Arts, and flood in the Act celebrated the follow- ing Year ; being then eminent for his great Skill in the Greek Tongue. Afterwards {pending near five Years at the Univerfity in continual Study, he made fo great Proficiency in feveral Sorts of Learning, that he was unanimoufly chofen Maf- ter of this School, September 24, I 561. Where exercifing his Gifts in a molt admirable Way of Ini’truétion till I 586, in all which Time this School happily profpered under his Vigilancy, St. 7ohn’s College in Oxford, was fupplied with fuch hopeful Plants, that it foon after flourifhed and became a fruitful Nurfery. Many Years after this Gentleman was removed to the Gover- ment of the free School near St. Paul’s, and, be- ing by the Gift of the (been Parfon of the rich Parfonage of Stanford-River: in Eflex, he there died, April I5, 1611. He writ, as hath been mentioned, a Tract about the Education of Chil- dren; and a Book called The Elementary, for the true Writing of the Engli/h Tongue, printed 1582, wherein his Learning may be feen,‘ being but the filth Part of the faid Elementary ; where- in he defigned to fhew the Whole Matter which Children were ‘to learn, and the whole Manner how Mailers were to teach them. Henry Wilhinfon ; he continued Mafter five Years and eleven Months. Edmund Smith; he continued Maf’ter fix Years and almofi eight Months. Mlliam Hayne. This Man gave feveral Books to Sion College Library, when it was firl’t ereéted, about 16 31, viz. Stevens’s The/auras, an Hebrew Bible of Plantin’s Edition, 86. See the Regii’try in that Library. He contini1ed Maf’ter of this School twenty-four Years and nine Months. Nicholas Grey, A. M. fucceeded. He had been firi’t Matter of the Charter-hou/e School, and, january 29, 1624, was admitted chief Matter of this School, where continuing till February I 3, 1631, he was made chief Matter of the School r at Eaton College, at length D. D. and Fellow of 1,631 13 Feb. that ’Houfe. But, being outed in the grand Re- bellion, he was put to great Difficulties till he obtained the Mafierfhip of Tunbridge School in Kent, fome Time before the Refioration, where he continued till the King’s Return: And, being then refiored to his Preferments, he died foon after; viz. about the Beginning of Oflober, 1660. He is Author, amongfl: other Things, of a Dictionary ‘in Engli/h and Latin, Latin and Eng- lzjh, feveral Times printed at London. 701m Edward: was fuccefi‘or to Dr. Grey. He 3 Book“ I continued here two Years and about nine Months, Entrance. and was fucceeded by - . , William Staple, who enjoyed the Matterihip of this School for about ten Years ; after whom, William Dugard became Head-matter. "This worthy Perfon was difcharged from the Govern— 163.1. 3: 05. I 644 1 0 Matt; ment of the School, and committed to New— - - / gate, by the Council of State, February 20, I649, becaufe that he, having a Propriety in a Print— ing—Prefs, had printed there Salmafius’s 'Defence of King Charles 1. dedicated to this right and law- ful Heir King Charles II, foon after that bar- barous Act committed upon the Perfon of his royal Father. An Account of which Afi‘air take from the Regif’cer of his Scholars now remaining in Sion College : ' - Ad 20 Februarii 1649. ‘ Atque hzec funt nomina difcipulorum quos ‘ ego Gulielmu: Duga'rd in fcholam liberam dig- ‘ niflimae {Ocietatis Mereatorum Sciflorum admifi a ‘ 10 [Wait 1644, ad 20 Feb. 1649, quo tempore ‘ aConcilio Novi Status ab archididafcalatus of- ‘ ficio fummotus, & in carcerem Nome Portee con- ‘ jeétus fum; ob hanc praecipué caufam, quod ‘ Claudii Salma/ii librum qui infcribitur DEF EN- ‘ SIO regia pro CAROLO primo ad fereniflmum ‘ regem CAROLUM feeuna’um, legitimum haredem ‘ et fueeeflorum typis mandandum curaveram : ‘ Typographéo integro fpoliatus ad valorem mille ‘ librarum, minimum. Nihil jam reliquum ha— ‘ bens unde vic‘tum queeram uxori et kfex. liberis, ‘ quos Dei mifericordis 8: benigniflimi patris pro- ‘ videntiae alendos committo & commendol'per ‘ Jefum Chrifium Dominum noi’trum.’ é carcere Name Perm, 7 Mart. 1649. But Mr. Dugard ihortly after procured his En” largernent, and kept a private School upon St. Peter’s Hill, till he was reinitated at Merchant- Taylors, for in the Regif’ter above quoted imme-, diately follows : ‘ Nomina difcipulorum quos ego Gulielmu: ‘ Dugard admifi in privatam Scholam quam ape~ rui in vico vulgo diéto Peter’s Hill, in mdibus conduétitiis ab Aprilis I 5, ad Septem. 25, 1650, quo tempore a dignifiima focietate Mereatorum Seiflbrum, hortatu tamen Concilii Status, ad an- tiquam provinciam fcholee Mrtatorum Seiflorum rei’titutus fum.’ . _ 7ohn Stevens became Head-Mailer, on the De- privation of Mr. Dugard. He continued only feven Months; and left in the School Regii’try this fingle Memorial of himfelf, in Regard of his Ihort Continuance here; , Re: Deng nojtra: eelerz‘ citatas Gulielmu: Dugard. C ‘ ‘ ‘ C ‘ Turbine oer/at. John Stevens, September 2 5, I650. I/Villiam Dugard, refiored by the Company of Merchant—Taylort: And that at the Motion of the Council of State, who had before punifhed him f0 feverely. The Succeedings of thefe two laft were thus expreffed in a Dif‘tich : 1650 25 Sept; Dugardum fequitur Stephanur, Stephanumque vieiflm Regifiry of Dugardus : Sorter 'verfizt utrinque Dear. This Dugard was a very diligent, exaé‘t, and excellently learned Man in all Grammatical Learn- ing. And under his Care and Influence the School greatly flourilhed. He printed feveral Books for the Ufe of his School ; had a good Strain himfelf in Oratory and Poetry. A Stroke or two of his Poetry in Greek we have of his own Hand extant in the School Regii‘cry; where by the Way we may fee, how he ftood afi‘eéted to the School. hwfiwfi r39 ' swarm“ . Chap. Entrance. School Regiflry. \ £586 12 711/. ‘ departing he . r , , . kXVu to the M'utations in the Age wherein he lived ~, firi’c "upon the Beheading of King Charles I. MOZPZUE Jnipvftsiwv nargntféyrf volume 3X.) (2:5th 2147171:wa hAPOAOE {aw aksrréwv x5501» émvr’lsv. ’ll?~,spp.©-‘ 5 Asa/tight. Martyr pro dinini: patriifryne Legihas Optima: Sceptriger Carolus fceleratorain .i’nanihas cecia'it. ‘ Gulielmus Dugard. ‘ Another Greek Dii’t‘ich remaining in the faid Regiitry under his Oliver Cromwell ’5 Mother, buried in We/tmin/ter -, which perhaps is the only Epitaph-entant on her: ’Eiri Til; Mnrép©¢ Tii'btu‘Gg’lox Kpopwitthx iv "rii éxxttnm’a 'rz: werpovarspz’x ass‘us’vns. Mr’rrng Ti; 75'va xarotpx’ra 3325‘s xsirai' #0; No (1.211 Quarterly 75 x; (ii/Astra 7527; Qaa‘shsiocg. _ i. e. In Matrein Oliveri Cromwelli in Eccle ia Weflmona/terienflfipaltam. Mater natz' execrahili: hiejacet : . Qai duos Roger, triaqae regna per'didit. This Dagard, after he had been Mafier feven— teen Years, from the-Time of his firit Admimon, 'was difinifiéd the School in the Year 1661, for breaking forne Orders of the Company, having been publickly warned and admonifhed of it be- fore, though of the Caufe of this his fecond De— privation no Notice is taken in the Regifier, and cerning the School :Regiih'y‘, which hitherto he diligently had kept himielf : ‘ . -—-—- Zl/[anere cedens . Hanc fncceflori fcrihendi Lampada trado. Guil. Dugard, hand ita pridem Mercato— ram Sciflornm, jam 'tvero priroatae Scholie in Vito de Colemani’treet Moderator, Nov. .21, 1661. , And fuch was his Reputation, that, when he opened his private School in Coleman/treet, within eight Months, he had gathered 1.93 Scholars; for thus faith his Regifter, ‘ Nuineras admijforani in ‘ privatam fcholarn ti 4 jalii 1661, ad '25 .Martii, ‘ 1662, 193,? 701m Goad, B. D, Mailer of the Free School at Tanhridge in Kent, fucceeded Mr. Dagard: And continued here with good Succefs and great Applaufe till flpril 1681, at which Time the City was poiTeffed by the refilefs“Prefbyterians « with a Notion of the fudden Introduction of Popery amongi’t them, when Mr. Goad was fun);- moned to appear before Society of Merchant-Taylors. to which Summons he appearing, charged with certain 'Pafl'ages favouring of Popery in his Comment on the Church of England Cate- chifin; which he had made for the Ufe of his Scholars, was by them difcharged from the Go- vernment of the School, though with a confider- able Gratuity in Plate from them, after he had prefided here near twenty Years. of this Aficair may be fcen at large to a Book, intitled, Contrivances of the fanatical Con/pirators, in carrying on the ‘Ireafons ander Uni- hrage of the Popi/h Plot laid open: ll/ith Depofltions, {9%. London, 168 3. The Author of which {tiles i‘vlr. Goad a pious and learnedPer/on, fo extraordi- narily qualified for his Profeflion, that a hotter could not he found in the three Kingdoms. He certainly was a Perfon of very good Eileem, great I’iety, and valuable Learning, though fomcthing addicted to Aftrology, and brought up many good Scholars—Mr. Strype lays that, for fome- Time, he prefented King Charles with Monthly Accounts of every Day’s Wind and Weather. Being thus dilinifi'ed, he took an Houfe in Pic- cadilly, to which Place many of the genteeler Sort of his Scholars repairing to be by him fur- NUMB. XVII. In Obedience Hand is upon the Ufurper» left this Verfe to his ”Succellor con-y .the Year 1698'; the chief Heads of the- and being The Particulars, in a Poitfcripti " Racist saga ‘ ther inftrufted, he let u a ' rivat‘e’i - ‘ l I l continued the "fame. to the lime 0512150682313 which happened Ottoher 28, 1689. In. his Plac; at giro/913mg?” aylors fucceeded " o n artclife, A. M. Silter’s Son toD . Owen, which {aid Doctor had been extrreZiodiI; active in the Ruin of Mr. Goad, that this his Nephew might come into his Prefermen‘t. He remained here about five Years, was afterwards D. D. and inf’called Canon of l/Vindfor, janii 8 1691. I Amhrofi’ 'Bonwicke, B. D. fucceeded him 5 held the Maiterlhip from 1686 to 1691, his? refufing the Oaths he was ejected; and after: wards kept a private School at Epfom in Snrry. Matthew Shorting. D. D. Was chofen Head— ma'f’ter in his Room. This Gentleman was of yogisgollege, gig; Stgype’s old Fellow Collegian, an a ter On 11 _ o Kin ’s Colleoe z ' . To him fucceeded ' g D Cl 77157145" Thomas Par/ell, B. D. who let forth Litnrgia : Sea Liher precnm coinmanium et admini/lrationis fa- cramentornm aliorinnqae ritaain et ceremoniarani in Ecclefla flnglicana receptor, which Book has been "leveral Times reprinted. His 'Succefibr in the School was Matthew Smith, D. D. onwhofeDeath fucceeded yohn Criche, A. M. the prefent worthy Maf- ter of this School. ' .‘ ' The pro/Z’nt U/herti ‘ 701m Burn, -B._C_. L. Viceflmns'Knoch, BLC’.L.I Thomas Greenf A.- B The Gentlemen broilght up at this School, Citizens and others, began an Annual Feaft in The Colleétions made at thefe Feafts, amounting to a confiderable Sum, they do lay out upon Exhibitions, to be allowed to .fuch of the School as are fuperannuated, and mifs of Eleétions. ' An Account might be here fubjoined of the ‘ many learned and eminent Perfons bath in Church and' State, who have receiVed their firi’c Rudiments of Education in this celebrated School: But as this is not f0 directly relativa 4 to our ,prefent.Undertaking, and will furnifh fuf- 'ficient Matter for a dii’tinét/ Hif’tory to any Writer who {hall undertake that Tafk, we {hall content 'ourfelves with mentioning the Names only of thofe who more immediately occur to our Re— membrance. Such are Dr. Rich. Latewar, an ingenious Latin Poet and a noted Preacher in the Reign of @een Elifaheth : Dr. Matth. Gwinn‘e, Profefi'or of Medicine in Grey/yam College: Dr. yohn Rawlinfon, Chaplain ‘in ordinary to King 7am: I. Dr. 7ohn Backridge, confecrated Bifhop of Roche/fer, flnno 1611. Dr. Lancelot flna’rewr, fucceflively Biihop of Chiche/ter, Ely, and Win- ‘cheyter': Sir j‘ame: Whitloclc, Knight, one of the ‘Juitices of the Common Pleas, and of the firf’t Fel- , lows of T he College of Antiguaries: Dr. 7ohn Speed, Son ofthe Chronologer, an eminent Phyfician’ and Anatomii’c: of Bri/tol: Dr. Mela. terfora’ and Lifmore‘; Dr. Rowland Searchfield, Lord Biihop Boyle, Lord Bifhop of Wa- and Dr. George hVilde, Lord ‘BlfllOp of London-Derry in Ireland : Lord Keeper Whitlock : Dr. 7ofeph Hen/haw, Bifhop of Peterho— roagh : Dr. Edward Bernard, Savilian Profefibr of Aftronomy in the Univerlity of Oxford : Dr. Wila liam 72mm, fucceflively Bifhop of Hereford and London, and at length Lord Archbiihop of Can- terhary : Dr. Peter Mews, Bifhop of Bath and Wells : Sir PVilliam Dawes, Baronet, late Lord Archbifhop of Tor/t : Sir 7ohnCoo/c, Knight and LL. D. Dean of the flrche: :g And the prefent Lords Bilhops of Lincoln, Roche/tor, and San/our}. Ratcliff School. 191 EntranCer 168i ziiifpr‘i See the Polls fcr'pt before mentioned P'- 54'- 1686f I691 ~03, t7-07 36 4M. 1 72 o. x 7 3 ob—Jlfmfl In Ratcli , in the Parifh of Stepney, is another Ran/go” Free School, convenient C c c. thofe for the Inhabitants ot'school. 192. The prefent State of this Foundation. Selena/r. Chril’t-Church. Charterhoule. thofe Parts of the City, founded, in the Reign of King Henry VIII, by Nic'iielar Gib/on, Grocer; and, in the Year 1538, one of the Sheriffs, for fixty poor Men’s Children, to'be there taught by. a Schoolmai’ter, who Was to have a Salary of 101. a Year; and an Ulher, who was to have 61. 13 3. 4d. This SchOol [is under the Care of the Company of Coopers, Landon. Here the famous Bifhop A’ndrews was fome Time a Scho-. lar. of the Scholars, yearly, entertain the Natives of Stepney Parilh with Speeches and Verfes in Latin and Greek, as they .pafs by it, on the Day of their AnniVerfary F eaft. To this School is an Alms: houfe annexed for 14. poor People, by the fame Founder. . This charitable Foundation in Rateiifi, asto the State of it at prefent, confii’ts of an Hofpi- tal, as well as of‘a School: To which belongs ' 3 Chapel, where Prayers. are read to thofe that belong to it. Thirty Boys are here taught free, , befides other Children that refort thither for good C Ivri/i-Clm‘rcb School. Learning. Mr. Lee the Schoolmaf’ter’s Salary is 361. per flnnnm: To which belongeth alfo an Ufher, who teacheth Arithmetic and Mathema- tics. They want‘Exhibitions for the Encou- ragement of the Scholars, _to fitthemfelves to be fent thence to the Univerfities :_ To this F ounda-l tion belOng‘alfo twenty Penfioners, that isto. fay, fourteen Women and,fix_,l)/len -, the former have 20 s. a (barter, and the Men 255. a Quar-I terz' Each have a Room. and a, Cellar, and a Garden Plat: TherFounder-«Mr. Giefea’s Pic-j ture is there remaining. This Foundation was once burnt down, but rebuilt bythe Company ' ofCoopers of Londan, the'prefent Patrons. CHRIST‘CHURCH SCHOOL. Another of thefe famous Schools in London, I is that of Clarifl—C/enreb Hofpital; which, 'as well " as the Hofpital,‘ is under‘the Patronage and. Go- f vernment of the City. -Here are, commonly, ' very learned and able Schoolmafters appointed ' from Time to Time 3' who formerly did not only ‘ infiruét the poor Children f‘Of the Foundation, Difputations yearly a— mong thefe Scholars. nl Afterwards dit'utL-d. Epitome qf C/nvm. ' but many other Children 0 Citizens, fent thi- ther by their Parents, who paidfor their School- ing. And here they arrived, oftentimes, to ve- ry good Skill in the Grounds of Latin and Greek Learning, as well as at the other Schools before- "mentioned-, but 'now none are allowed to be taught there, but fuch as are of the Foundation. Let me mention a laudable Cufiom that the Scholars of this School had, that begun in the Year I 5 54 -, which was, that on , St. Bartholo- mew’s Day public Difputations were held among them upon the POints of Grammar, and upon what they had learned. And, for the Rendering it the more folemn, the Lord Mayer and Alder- 'a. men, and the learned Council of the City, would be prefent, as Judges of the Difputation : Who, . "after all was over, rewarded thofe that acquitted themfelves lbef’t with Pens of Gold and Silver, and gratified and encouraged the Schoolmafters with Money. This was fet on F Oot by Sir Will. Che/tar in/his Sheriffalty: And Sir Martin Bows, a very Wealthy, and as worthy a Citizen and Al-' ‘ derman,‘ for the further Encouragement of this ingenuous Emulation among the Youth, added, '4 '1 for anOther Reward to be befiowed at thefe Difm putations, Bows, in Allufion to'his Name, and ' for Remembrancehof the Donor, and Arrows of Silver, in Memory of his Trade, being a Gold- fmith, and a certain Sum of Money to the Maf- ‘ ters, and likewife to the Mayor and his Bre- thren, to encourage them to be prefent, a Ban- quet of Wine and Pears. This continued through- out ueen Mary’s Reign, but was laid afide in the Beginning, of Qleen Elzfaéetb’s. This Coop- Out of this School, of later Times, fome ~ : er in his Chronicle, who was once a Schoolmaf— ter himfelf in Magdalen College, Oren. took No- tice of, as a very good Practice, and fhewed himfelf forry it was left off, being f0 profitable to the Children, and f0 comfortable to the City; and wifhed heartily that it might be revived a- gain by fome generous-minded Men. CHARTERHOUSE SCHOOL. There is another famous’School at the Hofpi- tal of the Cbarter‘lwafe near Smit/{ifieial , where for- ty Boys are received and harboured, and have Allowance of Chamber, Lodging, Table, and Gowns, as well as Infirué‘tion : But to be admit- ted Only fuch as the Schoolmafier ihall find and approve to be. well entered in Learning, nor- un- der the Age'of ten Years, and not above F our- teen Or Fifteen. The Schoolmafler muft be of a competent Age, thatis, Of 27 Years, at leafi, and a Matter of Arts, of good Reputation both for Life and'Learning inthe Latin and Greek Tongues; ‘ To the School alfo belongs an Ufher, who mul’t have taken‘they Degree of Batchelor of Arts of two Years, at the leaf’t, before his Elec- tion hither, and of the Age Of‘four and twenty. To be read none but approved Authors, Greek and Latin, as are read in the beft Free Schools. ,The upper Form to be furnifhed wit-h Gre‘ekTef— taments for their Ufe in the Chapel: Befides the Scholars” 1 weekly Exercife, the highef’t ,‘Ferm * muft every Sunday fet up in‘the great Hall four Greek and four Latin Verfes a—piece, to 'be made upon any Part of the fecond Leflbn appointed for that Day, for the Matter of the Hofpital, or any Stranger, to View and examine : As alfo two of them are appointed, weekly, to read the Chap- ter, and fay Grace, at every Meal in both the Halls. The Matter and Ufhe‘r are-to. take Care to teach the Scholars to cypher and caf’r Accounts, .efpecially th‘ofe that are lefs capable of Learning, and fittef’t to be put to Trades. Not to take in- to their Tuition above 60 other Scholars, unlefs they entertain another Ufher. To receive, for teaching thofe of the Foundation, no Fee nor Wages from their Friends. To be careful to iobferve .the'Nature and Ingeny Of their Scholars, and, accordingly, to infirué‘t and correct them. In Correction to be moderate. T hefe are the Statutes for the Teachers of the School. _ BOOK I . Charter/Jolt : School. The Mafiers} Now, as for the Scholars, though their Num- The Scho-Z her, at firl’t, was but Forty, yet now F our-and— 1M5- forty are chofen and admitted. They are to con- tinue in the Houfe but eight Years, at the mof’t. Hence they are eleéted to either, of the Univer- fities, and to any College in either, according to their Friends Choice and Determination. Their Allowance there is 201. per flnnmn, paid quar- terly, without any Charge or Trouble. But they are not to ldifcontinue abOve two Months in. the Year. Twenty-nine of thefe Scholars are, fometimes, maintained in the Univerfities toge- ther, by the faid Exhibition for eight Years. 0- thers, who are fuperannuated, being unwilling, or uncapable of Learning, are defigned for Ap— prentices; and thefe are fet apart for Writing and Cyphering, to qualify them for Trades; and have the Sum of 401. given with them. The Scholars all dine in the Hall in a Collegiate Man- ner, and wear Gowns with Sleeves ; and, which is another good Benefit of this School, as the HOufe hath a great many Livings of Value in their Patronage, f0 they commonly bef’tow them upon their owryScholars. ‘ _ Befides thefe Schools of greater Fame, in and about London, are divers other fuch Places for Education of Youth, more lately founded. As Other Schools in, and about .v . . . , . . 1. Man. that 1n Ban/azifield: in St. Giles s Crtpplegate Parifh. 33,001 5,, Over the Door, entering in, is fignified, in Emit/12%.?!“ Writing, whofe Gift it was, viz. Mr. anogaior- ‘ ton Chap. I School in Seething-lane. XXV. tan Y'rotman’s Free School. Upon the School Houfe is a Latin Infcription, importing, that it was finithed at the Charges of 'the Haberdathers Company, Anna Dom. I67 3 ; Ric/yard Wynn,Efq; Matter ; Hag/9 Ratclzfi, Ploiiip Smitty, Nicholas Smith, yobn Free/ton, \Vardens; Riebara’o Hanga- ton, A. M. primario {9° prime Magi/ire; with the Arms of Trotin-an fet there and painted. The Sa- lary is 50 l. per flnnnm, for which thirty Boys of the faid Parith of St. Giles are to be taught free. Mr. Thomas I'Vrig/at, M. A. is theipretent Maf- ter, who alto hath a Dwelling-Houfe there, ap- propriate to the Schoolinatter. ‘ . There is another Free School in Pioag/a Yard in Sydan, or Seething—Zane, in the Parith of fllballows Barking, lately founded by one Hick/on, a Brew- er; endowed with twenty Pounds a Year, for one Matter to teach twenty poor Children; where- of Fourteen to be of the taid Parith of Bar/ting, and Six of an Hamlet in Wapping. This Matter hath an Houfe for himfelf where the faid School is kept, and two Chaldron of Coals yearly allowed him. It is, moreover, endowed with 81. aYear School in ”fairer/Bay]. School in Clentenrwe/l. Hat/Eng! School. St. filmy O- rwy’s School. for a Writing—matter, to teach the Children Writing and Catting Accounts. The prefent IVIatter is Mr. Graflie. "T In lVbitee/aapei is another Free School, founded by Mr. Dataenant, late Reétor of Waiter/cape! ; the Salary is 201. per flnnnm ; and is, or lately was, in the Hands of three Truttees, Mr. Sabin, Mr. Bateman, and Mr. Wis/t. Mr. Cafe, Matter. This School hath been confiderably‘endowed, and the Number of Children to be taught enlarged, by the Gift of v a thoutand Pounds, tent by fome richly-minded, but unknown, Lady; which hath been laid out by the Parithioners for the .Purm chafe of Lands in {Ti/bury, the Rent whereof is for the yearly Maintenance of the School and Children. , '- Another ' Free School is tituate in St. yames’s CZer/tenweil, in the Road going to Mington, found- ed by Mrs. flliee Owen, Widow, firtt of Alder— man Elkin, and, afterwards, of Judge Owen ; endowed with 22 l. per Annnm : To which are a Chapel and an Alms-houfe adjoined, given by the fame charitable Hand. There are, doubtlefs, feveral other Free Schools in the Suburbs and Neighbourhood of London; as that at Hackney, in the Churchyard, founded long ago in the Time of, and, as it is faid', byFClarz'f- topber Urfwy/ze, tome Time Reétor there, with an Houfe'for the Matter: On which is engra— ven, toward the Street, thete Words, EXTRUC— TA FUI‘T HAEC DOMUS ANNO DOM I519, CHRISTOPHORO URSWYKE, REC?" ORE. And, in another Place, MEMOR/IRE NOVIS— SI MA. Mrs. Margaret flwa’ley, tometirne an In- habitant of Hackney, whote Houfe was in Clap ton, where Mr. Howard now lives, for theEn— couragement of the Schoolmatter, gave a Salary of 201. per Annnm; which Mr. anton,~' the pre- fent Matter, enjoyeth. . If we thould now pafs over the Bridge to Sontbwarlz, there we thould meet with two great Free Schools. One in the Parith ofISt. Mary Overy’s: 'It is a very fair Building of Brick, tituate on the fouth Side of the Church, founded in the fourth Year of Qieen Eli/atetb, flnno Dom. 1562, in the Place, as fome tay, where the Prior of the Pri— ory of St. Mary Overy’s Houfe ttood, which the Parithioners bought, and built the School there- On. This School, with the Houfing for the Maf- ter, was burnt down in the Year I676, but re- built again very gracefully and conveniently. Over the back Door is an old Stone preferved from the Fire, with this Infcription in Capitals -, LIBERA SCHOLA GRAMMATICA’LIS PflROCHIANORUM PAROCHI/E 4. 1 Otter Free Sedan/r. Charity 36270013. saNcrI saw/farmers IN so lV/IRKE IN COM. SUR RIE, ZLVEJJ‘fi? IVto.REG1N/E ELIZABETHJE; It is go: verned by a Matter, whofe Salaryis 301; per A’nnnm, and an Uther, whofe Salary is 201. per flnnani. *It' is free for fuch poor Children as are born In the Parifh. It hath, at preterit, or late- 1y had, about fixty Scholars. It is taken-Care” of by fix Governors, whofe Qialifications mutt be, that they have been upper Chilrchwardens, and have ferved all the other Offices in the Pa-‘~ tub. The Vacancies are filled by E-leétion al mong themt‘elves, of tome duly qualified Perfon’ or Perfons. There is alfo a Writing-fchool hard by, for the Conveniency of this School, for thirs ty Boys to learn to 'write and read. The Salary 13 201. per Annmn, which Was given by Mrs. flppieby. flérabam ant/yon): is the Schoolmatter of i this Writing-fchool, and the Matter of the F reel ' fchool is 'Mr. 81.77””55 The other Free School in Sent/awarlc, is that fituate in the Parifh of St. Olave’s. This School was firtt fet on Foot by tome of the Parithioners, who afterwards were made a Cor oration by Let:- ters Patents from Qieen Eli again: By Virtue whereof there are ‘rappointed over it fixteen Goi- vernors, whereof the Reétor is always one : They are to be Men of the bett Qiality and Reputati-2 on in the Parith; and, when one dieth, another is chofen, by the Survivors, to fupply his Room. In this Foundation are three Schools, namely, for . Latin, Writing, and Reading :,,And, for this Purpofe, it maintains a Matter and three Uthers;" The Latin Matter, who'is the chief Matter, his Salary is 60 1. per flnnmn, and hath an Ufher un4 der him, who is called the Latin Uther : His Saa‘ lary is 30 l. per flnnnm. The Writing‘matterg or Uther, hath 401. per Annnm; and the Readit ing-matter, or Uther, 201. per flnnum. There is an Houfe for the chief Matte’r, and another for the Reading~Uther. In this School are taught 'three hundred Boys: It is well endowed with Rents from feveral Houtes and Lands in Horflyé down in Sont/owar/r, Little Britain, Eo’e. The pre-—' fent, or late Matter is, or was, the Reverend Mr. Dnnflar. , In We/tminfler alto," befide the Qieen’s SChool belonging to the Collegiate Church, are the Free Schools in St. Mrtin’s in the Fields and at St. 01am? Schools, Schools at We/tmin/ttr’q St. 7ames’s, Mr. Palmer’s School in St; Marga-W ret’s Parifh, and others, which fhall be taken Notice of, when we come to the Defcripti‘on of that City. . . There are alto many private Schools kept in and about London; where the School-matters hire the School-rooms themfelVes, and receive Salaa- ries or Qiarteridges for Teaching: Some for teaching the learned Languages,’Latin and Greek; tome for Writing and Arithmetic, and Mere chants Accounts; and tonic for Mathematics, Geography, of the City may be brought up to be hereafter ufeful to the Public; tome in the Church; fome in the'State; tome for the Sea and Travel abroad ; tome for Trade and Bufinefs at home; and,- ti: nally, that all the Members of this Metropolis might be able to get an honett Maintenance, an be ferviceable to the Crown, or 'otherwife, when-i foever there be Occation. The mott noted of thefe private Grammar-{check are thefe: The School in St. Mary flxe, Mr. Speed now,- or late, Matter: The School near St. Lawrence jittery Church, Mr. Wooten; Matter: The School 111 Cari/t-C/aareb Parith, Mr. Brice, Matter: The School adjoining to the Church of St; "Bartnoioé mew Exebange: The School adyoming. .to the. Church of alkaline: Lombard Street : The School in Clot/9 Fair, adjoining- to Great St; Bartbolol mew’s, €56. . T9! Private" Schools; and Navigation; that fo the Youth ‘ 194 Charity Schools, Other Schools. A School for . the Art of Drawing. Mr. Lou’s Defcription thereof. 0le Schools. Far Drawing, 856.“ To theft: we mui’t add, to the eternal Credit and Honour of the City, and to the Entailing the Blefiin'g 'of GOd upon it, thofe fund ry Schools of Charity, unknown to former Times, fetup of late by the pious good 'Wills of many Citizens, exhibiting yearly thereunto, both for poor Boys and Girls, not only to teach them Reading, Writing, Sowing, Spinning, and other Mariu- faétures, and bringing them up in Chrii’nan Knowledge and good Manners]; but alfo to «fur- nifh them with Cloaths, and to put them forth in due Time to Trades, to enable them hereaf- ter to procure Livelihood to themfelves in an ho- nefl: Way : Of which Schools, in and about Lon- don and W'cflmz'nfler, there were, in Number, Fif- ty-four, f0 long pai’t as flnno 1704.: ,VVherein Were taught, and .partly cloathed, 1398 Boys, “745 Girls. .Voluntary Su-bfcriptions toward thefe Schools about 2164.1. Gifts from the Beginning for their Maintenance 3199 1. IO 5. befides Col- ; leétions at. Sermons, ‘fet'up by the Societies, 1042]. And from thefe Schools have 306 Boys, ' and 75 Girls been put forth' Apprentices; which Benefaétions, fince that Time, are vaf’cly in- creafed, as will be ihewn hereafter. ‘ Boys taught and cloathed in the Chas} 8 rity Schools, at prefent ' 354 Girls ~ g s - ~ —- '~ —- 1901 Total 5449 There are alfo kept in the City and Suburbs divers other Schools, for teaching many com— mendable Arts and Accomplifhments: As Schools for Navigation and the Ufes_ of the Compafs, fair Writing and Arithmetic, Fencing and the Ufe of the Weapons. A Mathematical School is lately fet up by the Revd. Mr. Harris, where young Gentlemen are taught the Grounds of Geo- metry, Aftronomy, Geography, Hifiory. Ano- ther School for Drawing, Limning, Painting, fet up Anna 1697, by one Mr. B. Lens, now, or late living in Fleet-Street. An Art exceeding ufeful, for almoi’c all Sorts of People; as for Gentlemen that travel, to take Landfkips of the Places of Remark, as Churches, Monaf’ceries, Caflles, F or- tifications, Towns, Profpects, Rivers, Rarities, Antiquities, {3°C. And for Tradefmen, fuch as arevconcerned in Building, as Mafons, Carpenters, Joiners, Painters, and the like. The Profelfor .of this Art teacheth on Tuefdnys, Tbmfdays, and Saturdays, in the Morning, from Eight to Eleven; and on Mondays, Wednafdnys, and Fridays, in the Evening, from Six to Nine. The Price :1 Guinea Entrance, and a Guinea a Month. He alfo goeth to the Houfes of fuch, as chufe rather to learn'at home; asPerfons of Qpality, Ladies, 65c. He hath very well fet forth the general U-fefulnefs of this Art by a printed Paper, which may deferve to be here in- ferted. Graphite by driflofle is generally taken for the Art of Drawing any Thing whatfoever withthe Pen or Pencil, and was reckoned among the chief of thofehis Hzlaséna’la, or generous Praélzii ces of Youth; as rendering them fo many Ways ferviceable to their Country, and profitable to themfelves. ‘ 4 ' Of .incredible Service and Advantage it would ‘ be toour Smiths of all forts, Mafons, Bricklayers, Carpenters, Joiners, Carvers, Turners, Embroi- derers‘, ’I‘apel’trerorkers, Silverfmiths Jewel- lers, bay to all our Handicrafts in general. . h For ihew molt of tliefevilorkmen abovefaid a Draught ofwhat you would have done, their Want pf Skill in Drawing render-sit almolt ufelefs to them. , ' ’ ForExainp‘lc, flio’uld an Engineer invent a .. . 4 Machine, and draw itin all itS‘Pa‘rts, with its Views per Front and Sides, the Whole in Perfpec- five, 3. Ground Plot thereof, with a Scale annexed thereto; with what Difficulty do they work 3 And the Projeétor mul’c be always by, or all will be marred ; whereas, could our Handicrafts and Me- chanics draw, a Man might fend his Work from a Hundred Miles Difiance, drawn as abovefaid, and be fatisfied it would be performed to his Mind, and according to his Directions. By what has been faid, I would not have it thought, that none of our Handicrafts and Me» chanics can draw; for fome do, of my own Knowledge, very well; which Qialification hath made them the melt excellent of all others; for the beft Draught’s-Men will belthe belt Artifis, in what Art foever. The Deiign of this School is to have a conf’tant The School; Nurfery or Breed of Youths proper for Artificers ; for as two, three, or more, wife, rich, and artful Citizens, make it not a wife, rich, and artful City or Country, but the general Bent, Genius, and Inclination, and the greater Part of them f0 qualified. ' ~ For Proof of what hath been faid, difcourfe with the meanefi of all our Handicrafts, though he cannot draw, yet will endeavour to chalk out, after his Fafhion, your Meaning and his ; knowing by“ pure Initiné‘t, that all theRhetoric in the World cannot convince like a Drawing. . What an Honour would it be for our Work- men and Handicrafts, and Satisfaction to the Em- ployer, when he comes to befpeak any thing of them qualified with Drawing, to fee them fketch out, as fail as you fpeak, with a Pen or Pencil, (what you would have done, and be fure to pleafe you, even' before a Stroke be {truck therein? And this would prevent an Error which the unlkilled in Drawing often commit, in aflting'extravagantly too much fometimes, and as often too little; by Drawing they would compute the Charge to a Tittle. If Parents fent their Children to Drawing, as cuftomar'ily as they do to Latin and Writing, it being altogether as ufeful to them; they would foon find the Advantage themfelves and their Children would reap thereby. For a Mailer would take a Servant qualified with Drawing, with half the Money, and be a. Gainer thereby; for the Boy would come to work in half the Time, and both be alfured, the Mailer of a Servant for his Turn, and the Boy of of being a Mailer of his Calling; and not ferve feven Years,‘as many do, to little or no Pur- pofe. , Neither would our Handicrafts and Mecha- nics alone be advantaged hereby; it is an Ac- complifhment for Noblean and Gentlemen, Scho- lars, all Students in Art or Nature; Generals, Engineers, Mathematicians, Surveyors, Surgeons, and an Infinity of others. How defective are the belt Hiltorical Accounts of Animals ; as Birds, Bealts, Filhes, Infects, Plants, Defcriptions of Countries, Cities, Cai’tles, Manners, Habits, Cui’coms, €9’c. without Draw— ings or Sculptures; being little more ufeful than a De-monitration of Euclid would be without a Scheme ? The greatelt Mailer of Words cannot defcribe in the verbofel’t Manner any Object, as Beaft, Bird, or Infect, if never feen before, fo as to make it be known, when feen; which Drawing performs infallibly, and with few Strokes. I {hall only add, what Veneration and Efieem the Artilts of 'this kind have met with in the World: The Profeffion hereof being admitted into the firl’c Place among the Liberal Arts,andthrough- out Greece taught only to the Children of Noble- men, and forbidden to their Servants and Slaves. . Book I. Chaps Hofpital's. yh SE The State of the Poor in Lam/022 for- merly. Lamentat. 3- gainfi: Lona’. Printed at Nu- remhurgh, ‘345- .XX‘VI- _ , Colleges: arid Hoz’bjrqgs, 7_ Of no lefs AccoUnt was it among the Romans, fincewone of the molt Noble Families in Rome, the Fahz’z’, thought'themfelves much honoured by the Surname of Pz'fior.. Claudia: Titus the Son of Vefiafian, the two Antonina, and divers other Emperors and Princes, were excellent in this Art; as were alfo in thefe latter Times many of the greatefl: Princes of Europe;.Francis I. King of France; Margaret Qleen of Navarre; Emanuel Duke of Savoy; with many others. . To c0nclude, {peaking of France : The prodi- gious Height that Nation is arrived to in this pre- fent Age in mofi: Arts, may be attributed to the i _ 1‘93 Public Academies and. Schools, ereéted at the King 3 own Charge for, Drawing, Paintincr, 836. which hath produced 'fuch Plenty of Aritif’cs of A molt 'kinds. Thus that ingenious Profeii‘or of Drawmg. ' ' There are alfo, in and about the City, Schools schools for for the Education of young Gentlewomen in good young W0- and graceful Carriage, Dancing, Singing, Play; men' inghon Infl‘rurnents of Mufick; in Reading, Writing, fpeakingFrench, railing Pafte, fife. which render Women, that have thefe commendable Qialilications, fo much beyond othei's 'in'theiii Behavrour, Converfation, and good Houfewifery. ]‘ C H A P.— XXVI. Colleges and Ho/Ihz'taln Orders for the Goverameat of them. ChrifiaChUrcha St. Bartholomew. St. Thomas. Bridewell. Bethlehem, And the Work- houfe 2'72 Bifliopfgate—Street. H E R E are in and about the City of Lon.— doa certain Houfes called Colleges, not {0 mUch‘ defigned for Learning, as for the common and comfortable Living together of fuch as are aged, poor or decayed by Sicknefs 0r Misfor- tunes, and are mere Foundations of Charity. And therefore fuch Colleges I put together with H011 ‘- pital's in the two next Chapters, purpofely fet apart to give fome Relation of them. And, firft, of i fuch as are ereéted in the City or Suburbs 5 and then after taking Notice of three or four that are ‘ are neither in Loadoa nor the Suburbs, but near bordering within one, two, or three hiiles thereof. _ Of allthefefome are more ancient Foundations, fome more modern, but molt fince the Refor- mation; and they are theie that follow : Chrzfl— Church, St. Bartholomew, Brz'elewell, St. Thomas, Bethlehem, or Bedlam, the W’erlchoafe in szhopfgale- fireet, Charterhoa/e, or Sattea’s Hefliital, St. Ka- tharlae’s, the Saw} -, Trinity—College or Ho/jJizal near .Mz'le-Eaa’; fl/h’s Hofpz‘tal at Horton, Chelfea Col— lege -," Dulwz’eh College; Greenwich Hofloilal -, the qupilal at Deplfera’; Morden College; the new Hefpiial near Shoredz’z‘eh. ' , ‘What the deplorable Condition of the Poor in London was before Hofpitals and Reception for them, in the Times of Popery, may be known from an Addrefs made to the Citizens in thofe Days : ‘ Oh ! ye Citizens, if ye would turn but ‘ even the Profits of your Chauntries, and your ‘ Obits to the finding of the Poor with a politic ‘ and godly Provilion -, whereas now London, be— ‘ ing one of the Flowers of the World, and, touch- ‘ ing worldly Riches, hath fo many, yea, an ‘ innumerable Number of poor People forced to ‘ go from Door to Door, and to fit openly in the ‘ Streets a‘Begging: And many nOt able to do. ‘ for others; but lie in their Houfes in mofi grie- ‘ vous Pains, and die for Lack of Aid of the Rich, ‘ to the great Shame ofthee, 0 London: Ifay ‘ if ye would redrefs thefe Things, as ye are ‘ bound, and forrow for the Poor, fo fhould ye ‘ be without the Clamour of them, which alib ‘ have cried unto God againi’c you. ‘ But unto thefe blind Guides, [a fort of lafly Lahhers, as the Writer called thofe Chauntry Prief’ts] ye be Maintainers of their Idlenefs, and leave the Lame, the Blind, and the Prifoner, unholpen. Ye will give 6, 7, 8, yea 121. Year- ly, to one of them to ling a Chauntry, to rob the living God of his Honour, 65°C. And again; I think in my Judgment, under Heaven is not . fo little Provifion made for the Poor, as is in ‘ Loaden, of To rich 3. City.’ It was not before the, Year I 5 57, Oflley Mayor, hfifififlhflfi that wholefome and good Order's/were made andyfiord'ers {as agreed upon for the four Hofpitals, by the'Mayor, "the four Hot: Commonalty, and Citizens ofLomloa, Governors PMS: made of the Poiieflions, Revenues, and'Goods of thg “4"” ‘577'. faid Hofpitals; and were to be read in every the faid Hofpitals at a full Court once every Qparter, either 14. Days before, or after the (hiarterDay; beginning with a Preface, giving Account therein of the Royal Founders, and unto" whom they had committed the perpetual Care of them; and who by that Authority had made the {aid Ordinances: Which Preface ran in this Tenor, viz; ‘ ‘ Whereas the melt excellent and worthy Prin- ‘ Ces, our late Sovereign Lords, King Henry ,VIII. and” King Edward VI, of their bonn- ‘ tiful Benignity, and charitable Devotion, to- wards the Succour and Suftentation of the Poor in this City, have given and granted by their Letters Patents, with Indentures of Covenants and Bonds, to the laid Princes and their Sue;- cefibrs, by the City made for Performation there’— of, to the Mayor and Commonalty, Citizens of this laid City; as well lbur feveral Hofpir tals, that is to fay, by King Hear; VIII, one Hofpital, called St; Bartholomew’s the Litrlw and, by King Edward VI, three other Hoff pitals called Chri/l’s Ho/jfiz‘tal, Bridewell Place, and St. Thomas’s Hofibz’tal -, as alfo, certain Lands and Tenements, towards the Relief and Main— tenance of fuch Poor as there are relieved ,“and have alfo, by. their Kingly Prerogative, granted unto the Mayor and Commonalty, for the bet- ter Government of the fame, amongi’t other Things in the fame Letters Patents, Authority and Power to eleét and chufe Governors and Officers, and 31112) to make and conf’titute good and wholefome Ordinances for godly Mainte— nance thereof: By Virtue of the which Letters Patents, We, the {aid Mayor and Commonalty, have made and ordained thefe Rules and dii- nances in Manner and Form following.” , Then follow Orders, how many Governors {hall be eleéted; the Manner of their Eleé‘tion; and how they {hall be divided, and of their Cone tinuance; the Charge of every Governor in ge- neral; of general Courts,- touching the Govern— ment of all the four Houfes, and what in them. is to be done, of a full Court in Chrl/l’s‘fIa/pztal for weighty Caufes, and what is thereat £0123 done; what is to be done at ordinary Courts, when two or more of the Governors are alien)- bled, the Treafurer being one; tOUChmg the ad- mitting of Children and granting of Penfions, to ,be either paid in this Houfc or 'm Ifanihes; fgr the putting forth. Children to SerVice; for the 00060Annonnhfiflnhnh-nnflflaflnnn i D d d . Examt‘ 1‘96- Chef/1% Ho/I‘Ji- ta]. St. Bartholo- w‘s. B while/215m . \Ho/‘hilal. Chili-Church: I‘St. Bartholomew’s, €996. Examination of lingl’e Women'being gotten with Child, and ”the Perfons with whom they. have committed the Oiience -, Governorsgoz‘zt. a Comp- troller, and a SurVeyor General ~, a Prefident ; a ’I‘reaftli‘er, three Almoners, two ~,Scrutiners, a Ren- ter, t‘Wo Surveyors, with an Account of the re-g i’peé‘tive Duties ; The Officers, viz. the Clerk, the Matr‘On, 'the Nurfes and Keepers of Wards, the Steward, the Officer appointed to warn the Col- lectors and Church,Wardens, the Cook, the But— l‘e'r, the Porter, the Shoemaker, the Surgeon, the Barber, the Beadles, with the Charges of each of thefe Officers. . Thefe Orders were confirmed at a Court held On W’ednefday, 28 Sept. An. Ph. and Mar. 4. and 5, in thefe Words : ‘ At this Court it was agreed, that all the fe- veral Articles and Ordinances hereafter men- tioned and exprefl‘ed, and openly read to the- CQurt here this Day, concerning the Governance and Ordering from henceforth of the Houfe of the Poor in Wefl-sz’thfield, and the Hofpitals of this City, lately deviled by Sir Martin Bower and Sir Rowland Hill, Knights, and divers others of "my Mailers the Aldermen, and the Com— ‘moners of this City, being GOVCrnors and Sur- veyors at this prefe’nt of the laid Houfes, and of all the Lands and other Revenues of the fame wh'atfoever, iha‘ll be enteredlof Record, and from henceforth be put in due Execution from Time to Time, according to the true Meaning ‘ of the fame”. This was printed in a little Book in the Time of Mr. Goodfellow, Town Clerk. But now to take a View of thefe Hofpitals, and the rei’t of thefe charitable Houfes, dii’tinétly. The Grey-Friar: within Newgate, and St. Bar— tholomew’s Hofpital, belonging anciently to the Priory of St. Bartholomew’s hard by, together with St. Nicholas and St. Ewen, tWO neighbour- ing Pariihes, were obtained by the City of King Henry VIII. in the 38th Year of his Reign; all which that King granted to the City for the Re- lieving and Succouring of their Poor, one of the hit good Aél's that King did before his Death : And, in the Beginning of jannary, in the latter End of which Month King Henry died, Rid/231, Billiop ofRoehe/ter, declared, at St. Paul’s Crofs, 7this Gift of the King before the People, and his charitableEnd therein. ' ’ ‘ " The King did, in the fame Year, grant the 'City the Hofpital of Bethlehem, ’or Bedlam. He alfo then founded two Churches out of thofe two .religiousHou‘fes, the one to be called Chri/t- naauwuanaannnn 'Chnreh out of the. Grgv-Frz'arr, and the other, Little St. Bartholomew’s, out of the Hofpital of Chrifl- Church Hit/pita], for Children, ‘ when found— . ed. :poi’ed for a large Hofpital forpoor fatherlefs; Children, here to be decently maintained, and' that Name, with competent‘Salaries, for the re- fpeétive Vicars and Minii‘ters. > And, as the King had founded Churches on ’thefe Places, f0, according to that his Grant, it lay upon the City to ell'ablilh here a {landing Provifion for the Poor. And, accordingly, fome Part of the Scite of the Grey—Friars they pur- pioufly brought up, and fitted‘for Trades and ‘fCal'lings: But it was not before. 5 or 6 Years af- "ter the King’s Grant, viz. Anna I 552, the Lord Mayor and Citizens fell Upon the Reparation and Fitting up of the Friar: for the Reception of the ‘Children: And they ede&ed it thefame Year, and called it Chri/l-Chnreh Hofpltal; f0 that in the Month of Septemher they took in near 400 Orphans, and cloathed them in Ruliet, but ever after they wore blue Cloth Coats,‘ whence it is Their Habit. I commonly called, The Blue Coat Ho/joz'tal : Their ‘Habit being, now, a long Coat of blue warm Cloth, clole to the Arms and the Body, hanging 'loofe to their Heels, gir‘t about their Waift, with 355d Leather Girdle, buckled ," a loofe Petticoat, , 1 ‘ . underneath, of yellow "Clbth, a round thru'm Cap, tied ‘ with a red Band, yellow Stockings, and black low-heeled Shoes, their Hair cut clol’e, their Locks lhort. ' ' There was one Aét of Benevolence of *King- Edward exprelled to this Hofpital, of his founda ing, that Was fomewhat remarkable ; which was, his granting hereunto all the Church" Linnen, formerly ufed in the public religious Worfliip in y the Churches of London : For, the King having appointed Commifiioners to take a View of a the Goods belonging to the Churches in and a— bout London, great (Quantities of linnen Veitures and Cloth were found in the fame, and more, a great deal, than there was Need of, now, in the Celebration of the reformed Divine Worlhip. "Wherefore, the King wrote to Rid/Ly Bifhop of London, one of his faid Commiflioners, and a great Ini’trument of this Foundation : ‘ That, to- ‘ wards the Relief of thofe poor Orphans and others, charitably brought and gathered toge- ther by his loving Subjeéts, the Citizens, to his new Hofpital of Chri/l-Chnrch, the fame Linnen lhould be delivered to the Governors for their Ufe, thinking, as he added, that any Thing therein bellowed, to be to the Relief and Suilentation of the Temple of God, who inhabited in thofe poor People : Yet leav— ing to every Church necefl‘ary 'linnen Vef- ture, as ihOuld ferve to the public Ufe and Mi- nil‘try within~the faid Churches, according to the prefent Ufagef But there were other miferable Objects of P0- verty in the City belides poor orphans, namely, the Poor, Sick,‘ and Lame : For the Reception of inch, to have Lodging, Food, Phyfic, and Tendance, the City appropriated their Hofpital of St. Bartholomew, as alfo of St. Thomas’s Hof- pital in Sonthtvarh : Which, together with the Borough, they had lately purchafed of King Ed- ward VI, for a confiderable Sum of Money. What Monies were raifed by the noble Chri- ftian Benevolence of the Citizens, upon King Edward’s Encouragement; What large Expences were laid out; and what Condition thOfe Hofpi— tals were already come in in the Year I 5 5 3, the lait Year of that Prince, may be obferved from aPaper Ihave met. with in one of the molt va- luable Manufcript Libraries in England, as to that of Chrz'fl—Chnreh, and that other of St. Tho- ma: : Which Paper feems to have been drawn up for the Satisfaé‘tion of the faid King, and was as follows : ' .4 true and/hart Declaration of the State and Charge of the new erefled Hofln'tal: in the City of Lon— don, Anno Dom. I 553. a n n n A a A a a an n ‘ The whole Benevolence granted of all the lihr. CC-CC. Citizens of London, toward the Ereétion of two M’fltfl- G- Houfes; that is to fay, of St. Thomas and Chrl/l’s Hofpitals: And may molt plainly appear in a fair Book, wherein the Parilh, Ward, N ame, Surname, and Sum, that every Perlbn gave thereunto, is exprefled, and amounte-th unto 24761. , The Charges of the Ereftion of thofe two Houfes, and the Furniture of them, as by molt plain Accounts may appear, doth amount to anhnnhn , 24791. 108. rod. 80 is the Charge greater than the Benevolence 31. rod. There is received into Chri/t’s Hofpital, of fa~ therlefs and helplefs Children, the Number of 3 80'. And in St. Thomas’s Hofpital, of aged, fore, and lick Perfons, 260. ' And there is relieved, in divers Parifhes, with- 'in the City of London, of poor decayed Houfe- holders, with certain Penfions, and remain (fill in their Houfes, the Number of 500 Perfons. - So ' Book I. Church Linn nen given to the Holpital. Regill. Rid— 19’. St. Bartho/o-' anew. St. Thomar; The State of Chri/l—Chnrrh and St, Tho- mas’s Hoflri- Ials, Alma 1:52, MSS. Jrrhiep . or ‘er, CCCC. Chap. ,XXVI; College: and Hofpz'z‘cztir. Bridewell. So that the whole Number that is relieved by this Means is 1 I40 Perfons. There are daily lodged and fed in Clad/1’s Hof- pital 260 Children, and in‘St. Tbomar’s Hofiiiml 260 Perfons : And to every one is allowed daily, for their Meat, Bread, and Drink, 2:]. which a- mounteth, monthly, to 1261. yearly to 16381. ry great, 2471. 93 8d ob There is alfo paid in the Country for nourifh- Which Sum hat. .. .' ' ' - . ing of an IOO Children, at Iod. the Week one the Governors of ill: eiiirild Pigldhlensd it??? thb'y with another, which amounteth, monthly, to own Purfes, which daily travel for’th 0 dth It 161. 135. 4d. yearlyto 2161. gs. 4d. der ofthem 2 1 8d b egoo r- The Board Wages for forty—two Keepers of By the Pbruli-a7l ofgihis P. O " the fame Children, and aged People in both the not only fuch as were ha:§:§f;§“§£§$§: tthlt Houfes, with their Walhers ; that is, to every Hofpitals were taken Care of but fuch as «7;: 15 Perfons one Keeper; and every Keeper hath Objefis of Charity abroad, 21’s poor Houfekee' _. 16d. the Week; and two Matrons 18d. the ers, Alms‘folks, in and about the Cit weIie Fleck, ealch of thenzi, whiclli amounteth, month- relieved alfo out of the Colleftions made for y, to 12 . 17$. 4 . year to 11 1. s. d. thefe Houfes, accordin ' r ' The Apparel mall the {aid Perfo7ns, ghatdis to Governors. g to the lec 6mm Of the fay, Sheets, Shirts, Coats, Caps, Hofen, Shoes, There were alfo in the City many others of Paper-Books, Ink, which fometi‘mes is more, the poor neceflitous Sort, that had neither Home and fometimes lefs; but, by the Precedent of nor Harbour to put their Heads in, but were fain this Year, as may appear by plain Account, a- to lie abroad in the open Streets; and divers mounteth to 1801. Families of other Poor fain to lie under one There is alfo fpent, ordinarily, in both the Roof. This did clofely affeét many good Citi- faid Houfes in Fewel, that is to fay, in Wood Zens, and particularly Ridley, the good Billiop of and Coal, as allb by the Account thereof will ap- London, who, by fome Means, was informed of pear, as much as amounteth, yearly, to 2601. it, and moved in it. And, confidering that There is alfo given to decayed Houfeholders, Bridewell, an old decayed Houfe of the Kino’s Bridecwelj or in fundry Parifhes in the City of London, to fituate in the City, being very large and capgci: ‘ fome'more, and to fome lefs -, as alfo may parti- ous, might be extremely ferviteable to this cha- cularly appear by a fair Book, wherein their ritable Purpofe, he endeavoured to find aWay Names are entered; yearly, 4681. to beg it of the King, efpecially at this Time, There is alfo given to the Lazar Houfes ad- when one Was about buying it of the King to piit joining to the City of London, to the Intent they it down, and convert it to his own Ufe. And, {hall not beg within the fame, nor within three for the Compafiing of this, in the Month of. Miles Compafs thereof, except it be at their own .May, this charitable Year 1552, he wrote a ve- Doors, to the great Annoyance of all fuch as ry pathetical Letter to Sir [William Caryl, Knt. have frequented the City in Term Time, and at the King’s Secretary, whom he knew to be of’a other Times and Places, 601. pious Difpolition, as well as much about the There is alfo paid in ordinary Fees, for the King, having promifed the Citizens to move him good Government of the faid Houfes, as'fol- in this Matter, becaufe he took him for one, as 19 7. Gifts, by fundry and charitable Perfons as may alfo particularly. appear,~ 1291. 15s. 7d. ob. I £30 refieth to difcharge the ordinary Expences, bCJldCS all Manner of extraordinary Expences- Reparations, Furniture of necefi‘ary Implements, and many other Charges which certainly are ve: loweth: . he told him in his Letter, that feareth God. His T 0 an Hofpitaller, being a Priei’c, 101. moving Letter ran to this Tenor: « To five Surgeons, each of them 15 l. yearly, ‘ Good Mr. Caryl, I mui’t be a Suitor unto you Bifhop Rug- 751. ‘ in our Mafier Chriilt’s Caufe. I befeech you law‘s Suit for T 0 two Stewards, each of them 61. 135. 4d. ‘ be good unto him. The Matter is, Sir: A- B""""“""’”‘ 131. 65. 8d. ‘ las! he hath lien too, too long abread, as you 3ng to To two Butlers, each of them 61. 121. To two Cooks, each of them 81. 161. To four Porters, each of them 61. yearly, 241. To a Schoolmafier, 151. To [an Ufher, IOl. . To two Schoolmafters for the Petites, each of them 535. 4d. 51. 6s. 8d. _ To Schoolrnafi'ers for Writing, 3.1. 65. 8d. ‘ do know, without Lodging in the Streets of, ‘ London, both hungry, naked, andcold. Now ‘ Thanks be unto Almighty God, the Citizens ‘ are willing to refrefh him, and,to givehim ‘ both Meat, Drink, and Cloathing, and F iring; ‘ but, alas! Sir, they lack Lodging for him. ‘ For, in fome one Houfe, I dare fay, they are ‘ fain to lodge three Families under one Roof.- To two Clerks, 205. ‘ Sir, there is a wide, large, empty Houfe of To two Matrons, each of them 53 5. 4d. ‘ the King’s Majei‘ty, called Bridewell, that 51. 6s. 8d. ‘ Would wonderfully well lerve to lodge Chriit To forty-four Women, each of them 403. a- ‘ in, if he might find fuch good Friends in the piece, 88 1. ‘ Court to procure in his Caul’e. Surely, Ihave To two Men that carry Wood and Coal, and ‘ fuch a good Opinion in the King’s Majel’ty, that to be Charge of the fame, 41. ‘ if Chril’t had fuch faithful and hearty F riends, Thus may it appear, that the ordinary Charges ‘ that would heartily {peak for him, he ihould, of this new Ereétion, as before hath been parti- ‘ undoubtedly, {peed at the King’s Majelty’s cularly defcribed, amounteth, yearly, to 32901. ‘ Hands. Sir, I have promifed my Brethren, 5s. 4d. ‘ the Citizens, tomove’ you, becaufe I do take Towards the Maintenance whereof, there is ‘ you for one that feareth God, and wouldthat collected by the Gayle [Chelh perhaps] and free ‘ Chril‘c fhould lie no more abroad in the Street.’ Aims of the Citizens, as may appear in a fair He prayed him alfo, for God’s Sake, that he Regil’cer, wherein is exprefi'ed the Ward, Parilh, would {top the Sale of this Houfe, in Cafe any Name, and Sum, that every Perfon within the were about buying of it, as he heard there was ; City gives hereunto, 29141. and that he would fpeak in our Maiter’s Caufez So that the ordinary Charges of thefe two The laid Bifhop wrote alfo to Sir 701m Gates, anoa And Sir Houfes is greater than the ordinary Alms that ther great Man at Court, about “11-1115 Bufinefs Jig/”154m. is given for the Maintenance of them, as may more at large; and he JOlnCCl, he find, Caryl With appear, {9°C. amounteth to 377, 55, 4d. him, and all others that loved and looked for Towards the Difcharge whereof there hath Chrii‘t’s final Benediction on the latter Day; been given, this Year, by Legacies and other meaning thatin the Gofpel, Come ye 5145’? 43: my ' ‘ , er, rage imam/5.: Chili—Church, Bridewell, are. BoolgsrLa might have been occupied to their OWn Relief, and to the Profit and Commodity of the Com.": monwealth of the City ; and alfo to have re- tired thither the poor Babes brought up in the Hofpitals, when they had come to .a certain Age and Strength; and alfo all thofe which in': the Hofpitals aforefaid have been cured of .- their Difeafes. And, to have brought this to Father, inherit the Hingdem prepared for you from the Beginning , of [/96 World. Far I was an hungry, Epic} ‘l—Ie-alfo fent Inltrué‘tions, by the Bearer of this Letter, to confer further with Get}! in this (Affair. So that that holy Martyr Rid/ey’s Name. mull not .be forgotten, as a great Inftrument in the Procurement of Bride'we/Z to the City. Briderwe/l, for Afterward, this Hou‘fe being obtained to the onnnhnan'annonndnnn whathe- City, it was employed for the Correction and pafs, thou obtainedlt, not without great Dili- Punilhment of idle, vagrant People, and Strum- gence and Labour, both of thee and thy Bre- pets, and for fetting them to Work, that they thren, of that godly King Edward, that Chriil- might,’ in an honeft W'ay, take Pains to get their 'tian and Peerleis Prince, the Princely Place of oWn Livelihood. Bridewell, and what other Things to the Per— D065: and And here I cannot omit to leave upon Record, formance of the fame, and under what COndi— ‘Barm’r, to their eternal Honour, the Names of two good tion, it is not unknown; That this thine En-. gangs? Mayors of London, Deals and Barnes; ”the forv ‘dea-vour hath not had the like Succefs, the furtherina mer a main Infirument of procuring the Foun- Fault is not in thee, but m the Condition and this Fouxi’da- dation of ' this and the other Hofpitals : The lat- State of the Time.’ _ - . tion- ter, of furthering the good Eftate of them, whom,‘ By the Contents of which Letter beforescited in this mofi chriftianly affectionate Manner, the beforefaid good Bi-fhop of London accol’ted in one of the Letters‘he writ out of Prifon a little Rid/£3175 Let- before his Death : v‘ 0 D0555, Defies, Alderman tertOtbem- ‘ and Knight, thou in thy Year didft win my gar!” SLet' ‘ Heart for evermore, for that honourableAc't, . ' that molt blefl'ed Work of God, of the Erection may be underflood more particularly than per- haps any Hifiory hath yet told us, what that Courfe and Method was the Citizens took in their firi’t Attempts in founding Bridewell and Chili’s Hofpitals. , v - ~ But, whilethefe beforeémentioned good Mo- tions were in Hand in the City, the King was fl ,gflfihhflafl_h|fi‘hfllfi,flfl.fifih“.3fi0fl0hhflfifififlflfihfiflflflhflfihflnn and Setting up of Chriit’s holy. Hofpitals, and truly religious Houfes, which by thee and- through thee were begun. For, thou, like a Man of God, when the Matter was moved, [perhaps by himfelf, the Bifhop] for Chril’t’s poor filly Members, to be hol pen from extreme Mifery, Hunger and Famine, thy Heart, I fay, was moved with Pity, and, as Chrilt’s high honourable Officer in that Caufe, thou ca‘lledi’t together thy Brethren ; and Aldermen of the City, before whom thou brakelt the -'Matter for the Poor: Thou d'idl’t plead their Caufe : yea, and not only in thine own Perfon thou didl‘t fet forth Chrift’s Caufe ; but to fur- ther the Matter thou broughtefi me into the Council-Chamber of the City before the Al- dermen alone, whom thou hadit aliembled there together to hear me fpeak, what I could fay, as an Advocate, by Office-and Duty in the poor Man’s Caufe. The Lord erught with thee, and gave thee theConfent of thy Brethren, whereby the Matter was brought to the Common Council, and fo to the whole Body of the City ; by whom, with an uniform Confent, it was committed to be drawn, order; ed, and deviled by a certain Number of the molt witty Citizens and politic; endued alfo - with Godlinefs, and with ready Hearts to fet forward fuch a noble Act, as could be chofen in all the whole City. And they, like true and faithful Minil’ters, both to ,the City and their Mafter Chrii’t, f0 ordered, devifed, and brought forth the Matter, that Thoufands of poor filly Members of Chril’t, that elfe for extreme Hun- ger and Mifery fhould have familhed and pe- vriihed, lhall be relieved, holpen, and brought up 3 and fhall have Caufe to blefs the Aldermen of that Time, the Common Council, and the whole Bodyaof- the City ; but efpecially thee, r 'O Doblzs, and-thofe chofen Men by whom this honOUrable Work of God” was begun and ‘fwiought. ~ , ‘ , ‘ ‘ And thou, 0 Sir George Barnes, thou wait,'in tthear, not only a F urtherer and Con‘tinuer of that which”, before thee, by thy Predecefibr was well begun, but alfo thou didf’t labour f0 to have perfected the Work, that it {hould have been an abfolute Thino and a perfect o) Spectacle of true Charity and Godlinefs unto excited to thefe Charities, by good Sermons preached before him ; fuch was that of Mr. Lee “067', a learned and pious Preacher, in thofe Days, and Mafier of St. film’s College Cambridge, who, in a Lem‘ Sermon before him, had thefe Words: ‘ O merciful Lord, what a Number of Poor, 7710mm Le- S 1‘. fl 0‘ 0" h H 0‘ 0‘ fl 0‘ “RF-” 6 h C C Feeble, Halt, Blind, Lame, Sickly, yea, with idle Vagabonds, and diliembling Caitifl’s mixt among them, lie and creep, begging in the miry Streets of London andWe/imz’afier ? It is too great Pity afore the World, and to utter Damnation afore God, to fee thefe begoings as they ufe to do in Streets; For there is never a one of thefe, but he lacketh either thy cha- ritable Alms to relieve his Need, or‘ elfe thy due Correction to punifh his Fault, {9%. Thele feely Soulshave been. neglected throughout all England, and efpecially in London and Waffl- miafler; But nowI trult, that a good Overfiaer, a godly Bifhop, if I mean, will fee that they in thefe two Cities {hall have their Needsrelieved, and their Faults corrected, to the good En- fample of all other Towns and Cities. Take heed that there be fuch Grafs to fit dOWn there, as ye [fpeaking to the King] command the Peo— pel to fit down : That there be fuflicient Hou~ fing, and other Provifion for the People there, as ye command them/to be quiet. The Men ‘ fat down above 5000 in Number? Which was Part ofvt'he Gofpel for the Day, out of which he took his Text. ‘ . ‘ And Ridley, that zealous and charitable Pre- late, and a true Father of his Flock in London, was feafonably called alfo to preachbefore the King at We/lminfler 3, where hefo clofely and af: feétionately prelTed Perfo'ns in high Place and Calling, to be Inl’truments in helping and fuc~ courin the Poor, that the King was exceedingly move with his Difcourfe, and prefently fent for him, taking Notice to him of his" Sermon; and ' that he fuppofed he chiefly had him in his Eye, as being the highei’t of thofe in great Place and Calling, that he the Bifhop‘fpake to. Then the King afi‘ured him of his own Readinefs to pro- mote fuch good Purpofes, defiring him to direct him therein, and what he would advife him to do on that Part. How the Bifhop hereupon referred the King to the City, and how the King prefently caufed a Letter to be penned and fent to the wer’s Sermon in Lent, Anna 1550. * Bilhop Rich e? RizIqu moves the King to Charity to the City Poor; all Clari/lendom. Thine Endeavour was to haVe ‘fet up an I-loufe of: Occupations, both that all kind of Poveityg? being able to work, fhould not have. lacked, whereupon profitably they , 4. Mayor and his Brethren to enter into Confulta- tion about it ', and how the Mayor, the Billiop, and other eminent Citizens, met together to pre— pare fomething for the King in the Behalf;1 of em \flswa n00 nan-Aral. Chap. XXVI. King, and other Matters relating hereunto, they are all fet down at large, under Cbrzfi-Cbureb, in the Ward of Furringdon Wit/yin. The King The Conclufion of this good Confultation was, makes the that as the City had appointed the Grey Fryors, 3:}??ng 5f now called Cbri/t-C/aurela, for poor Children -, St. ms at Corfuo- Bartholomew’s, and likewife St. Thomas in South— ration. work, for the Maimed and Difeafed; and Bride- well, for the Correction of Vagabonds, Strum- pets, and idle Perfons, and for finding them Work; fo they obtained of the King to grant the'GovernOrs of thefe Places to be a Corporati- on, and to have Authority convenient for the Governing thereof: And he conflzituted himfelf chief Founder and Patron. In ffune an Indenture bore Date, and was made between the King and the Mayor, Commonalty, and Citizens of London, and their Succelfors for ever, towards the Maintenance of poor and im— .King Ed— potent People ; granting all the Manor-Houfe, ward’s and Place of Bridewell, with the Appurtenances, Grams“ lying and being in the Parifh of St. Bridget in King Ed. Fleetflreet, with other Lands, and with a Licenfe vward’s War- to purchafe 40:00 Mark Land for the Ufc above- $135133: faid; belides the Lands given them by his Ma- Petrznf Lm jetty in London, and elfewhere -, and to purchafe 'fo much Land, befides Fees and Penfions grant- ed to the Officers; and that the Lands given them by the King Ihould be quit and difcharged of all Tenths and firf’c Fruits. That they might make godly and wholefome Ordinances, Statutes and Rules, for the Government of the Poor. And that within the City of London, and County of .Mz'ddlefitx, they might fearch and examine all Manner of fufpicious Houfes, Taverns, Ale— Houfes, 55:. and Other fufpeéted Places for Ruf- fians, Vagabonds, and idle Perfons. This Gift of the King was computed to the, yearly Value of 4501. ‘ And moreover, out of his mere Grace and chrii’tian Charity, he gave, out of the Hofpital of the Savoy, now fupprefl'ed, for the aforefaid cha- ritable Ufe, a great Part of the Revenue thereof, which was 700 Mark Land, together with the Bedding and Furniture; though, dying foon after, the Grant feemed not to be fully finifhed. But, for Fear it ihould not take Place, fo much it ran in the King’s Mind, that in his laft Will he caufed this Claufe to be inferted : ‘ The Grant ‘ made to the Mayor and City of London, touch— ‘ ing the Savoy and Lands thereof, to be per- ‘ formed.’ - This Hofpital near 100 Years ago is faid to have maintained 700 Perfons; that is, poor Children with Officers. The Charge reckoned at 4000 l. per Amount. This Hofpital of CbrM»C/oureb, as ' alfo thofe others founded for the Relief of poor Children and other lick and difeafed People of the City, gave "Occafion, nOt long after the Founding of them, to Numbers of poor, and lame, and lick Peeple, and many of them idle Perfons, Rogues, and Vagabonds, to flotk into the City from all Parts, expecting 'prefent Relief and Entertain- ment here ', which caufed the Lord Mayor, flnno 1569, to iifue out a drift Order to forbid all fuch Refort, and fuch Perfons to be taken up and brought to Ward; and Warning to be given, that none fhould give them Harbour: Which Order was as followeth : Syn. Puff/on. Idle Perfons refort to the City to be harboured in thefe Hofpi- tals. fin Order by tloe Lord Mayor, again/t Rogues, Vu- guoonds, and mojterlqflt Men, refortz‘ng now in grant Numbers to the City, upon Pretence to he relieved Z7y the Aims of Chrii’t-Church and Bridewell. ‘ F orafmuch as Experience of late hath fhew- HWn/e Chrii’t-Ch‘urch. Bridewell, are. their Poor; and the Report thereof made to the I 99 ed thatethe charitable Relief, given as well by theQieen Majefty’s noble Progenitors, as alio the charitable Alms from Time to Time Coll leafed within this City, and beftowed by the Citizens, as well upon the poor and needy Ci- tizens, being lick, impotent, and lame, as the poor Orphans and fatherleis Children, born; or being within the faid'City, not having where4 with to relieve themfelves, as well in Clare/11’s Church and Bridewell, as in other the Hofpi— tals founded for the Relief of the Poor within the City of London; hath drawn unto the faid City great Numbers of Vagabonds, Rogues; malterlefs Men, and idle Perfons, and alfo poor, lame, and lick Perfons, dwelling in the outmof’t Parts of the Realm, fo as the faid City is there by oppreffed, to me great Prejudice of the faid City, and of the needy Poor, in- habiting in the fame; and that thefe needy Beggars, and impotent Perfons coming out of foreign Parts of the Realm, and alfo the Rogues and Vagabonds, greatly difliked the (been, 69%. the Mayor, and his Brethren the Aldermen, in her Majel’ty’s Behalf, firaitly charge and command all and every Perfon and Perfons whatfoever, dwelling or inhabiting within the faid City and Liberties and Suburbs thereof, that they do not, at any Time here- after, give any Relief, Lodging, Alms, or ' Maintenance, to any Vagabonds, Rogues, {9%. or to any common or valiant Beggar 5 but, con- trariwife, to caufe fuch Beggars, Rogues, Va; , gabonds, and mafierlefs Men, to be appre~’ ‘ bended and brought to Ward, to the End that ‘ they might be examined and puniihed by fuch ‘ as have Authority in that Behalf, according to ‘ the Qieen’s Laws, fs’c. ‘ And, further, the faid Mayor and Aldermen ‘ firaitly‘ charge and command, for the better ‘ Avoiding the faid common Beggars, Ede, that ‘ no Manner of Perfon whatfoever {hall let any ‘ Tenement, Cottage, Chamber, or Room, to” ‘ Farm, either by the Day, by the Week, by ‘ the Month, by the (filarter, or by the Year; ‘ or any other _Time, to any common Beggar, ‘ or Vagabond, E563 . a ' , . Befides this firf’t Royal Founder King Edward, a Mathema. Cbré/t—Cnureb Hofpital' hath of late enjoyed ano- tf‘caldscé‘ggin ther Royal Founder, viz. King Claurles II. who 1:le {him ‘ founded a Mathematical School and Ward, lying 6,54,13,31. on the weft Part of the Hofpital, for the Ind-rue: tion of 40 Boys in the Mathematics, efpecially in that Part of it that refpeéts Navigation -, and liberally endowed it with one thoufand Pounds 21' Year, paid out of the Exchequer for feven Years for the Founding thereof. . - The Mathematical Maf’ter at Cbri/t’s Ho’fpital; , h by the Confiitution of the Houfe, innit be thus figffcgmtic: qualified; he mui’t be a fober, difcreet, and Mam”. diligent Perfon, of good Life, a good Scholar, very well underl’tanding the Latin and» Greek Languages, , a very good Mathematician, well knowing and ready in the Theory and Practice of all- its Parts; to the End Boys may be furthers ' ed in the Latin Tongue, and the Mafier able to' anfwer Strangers, if Need be; and that they and others may find his Abilities» to Satisfaétion: _ _7 r p , And, by the Confiitution, Ten are to be put Th: Stholars forth Yearly Apprentices to Mafiers of Ships ; to gm: git/fa. the End that they may be fit in Time to do Serf Remy Ships, vice in the Navy Royal, and Ten more to be re ceived into their Rooms. Thefe Youths who are chofen out of the reft of the Bluecoat Boys, are to be the mofi: acute,. and of the readieft W its; .. that they may be fit for Mathematical Studies; , , Thefe, as a Badge of Dii’tinétion, Wear on their Badge of Breai’cs fafiened to their Coats a Plate o‘f SiIVer; the“ B0?“ with fome Figures engraven, the Dye whereof lS kept in the Tower, where theyare all {tampedi E e e The The (lgaliiia ice The Begin- ning and Oc— cafion of this Mathematical School. Sir Robert C/qytoiz, Km. the firlt Con~ triver. Chril’t-Church Motbetimtico/ School: 5 paid out of ~avFundiof'the King’s Lands, gave ' ’by Will this 70001. to 'Cbrz'fl’s'Hofpz'tol‘ for the The chief Figures are three liberal "sciences, viz. Arithmetic, with a Scroll of Accounts in; one Hand, and laying her other Hand upon at Bluecoat Boy’s Head, having his Cap under his{ Arm. The next Figure reprefcnteth Geometry, with a Triangle in her Hand. The Third Altro- ; nomy, with a @admnt in one Hand, and a Sphere in the other. There is alfo the Figure of a Ship or two, under Sail, with a Wind from Heaven, blowing as it were upon it a profperous Gale. There are alfo in the Clouds two Angels, one of them a Mercury; and thefe Words wrote round declaring the Royal Founder, and the Year when this School commenced, rviz. Art/pi— eio Caroli Seamdi Regir, 167.3. This Badge they wear conftantly, not only in the Hofpital, and about the Town, but..when they are put forth -, .which when feen fecureth themfrom being prefi‘ed. But they willfometimes -put it into their Pockets, as not caring to own the Place of their Educati- on -, for which, when it is difcovered, they are re- primanded. . . ' And here it muft not be omitted, for perpetual Memory, to remark the firi’t Occafion of initi- tuting this molt ufeful ,Mathema-tical School, founded in this Hofpital. It was accidental, and owing in great Meafure to Sir Robert Clayton", Knt. and Alderman, and fometime Lord Mayor of the City, who, as. the lettingiup of fuch a Difcipline in this Hofpital,firi’t;came into-his Mind, [0 he was very infirumental and aétive in bringing it to that Succefs it afterwards came to, by his moving info feafonab-ly to the Lord Clz'fiord, then Lord High Treafurer: Who as effectually propounded it to the King. ‘ I {hall relate the Subflzance of it, as I had it from his own Mouth in his own. Houfe, dpr.16. .1706. , . He'had been oc'c‘alionally. reading, according to, his Cuf’toin at .leifure Times to divert himfel ' {with Books, of» the Brent/.7 King’s Governmenti and particularly, how he had appointed, that Children in all his. Maritime ToWns mould-be taught the Art of ,Navigation gratis; and had erected Schools for that Purpofe, for the greater Inc-reafe of Seamen, and Benefit of Trade, Va‘nd Service of his F leets: Which-gobd Policy raifed I fome Thoughts in‘th'e' ‘faid Alderman’s Mind; concluding, . how fuch Education, at leattolr fome Part 'of that great Number. of Boys, WOuld , tend more to the public Good, if it were let up Sir Patieme ‘ W m-d. An Accident forwardeth it. int brifl’s Hofin'tol, than the ordinary Courfe of Learning then taken with them. This grew warm upon him -, and he began to frame a Project for the fetting up fuch a. Schoolflwhich he commu- nicated firfl: to Sir Patience Word, another‘Alder- man ; and they reiblved to take in a third Per- ‘ fon,‘ and, with one'Thoufand Pounds a-piece Charge, to make-Provifion and Encouragement for a Mathematical Mailer, and'to build him a Dwelling-Houfe near the Hofpital, and to fat Up aMSchool—Room there, for the teaching of a competent Number of the Children. 7 ‘ While this was in Confultation, a'favourable Opportunity oEered'itfelf, which-was this : The {aid Sir Robefl'CIflJMfl: calling, once accidentally at the Treafury, his Bufinefs requiring him often to have Recoutfe thither to'fpeakwith Sir Room? Howoro’ then Secretary to the Treafury; at his Coming out Mr. Perry, then Clerk“, of Claret/Ps- Hoflyitol, met ,him’, intreating him .to {peak it"o‘ Sir Robert Howard in Behalf of the faid Hofpital; ihewing- him aPetition .draWn. up to the Lord Treafurer Clzfi'ord, and defiringhim to procure the faid Howard‘to: deliver. it. The. {Decafioh of which Petition was this : r 7 . ' Before the Revolution .in the 'Year 1660, a private Citizen, who had a Debt of 7000 1-; charged upon Weavers Hall, which, according to' fome Methods in thofe Times, was fecured to be 2 - v t. .. -Maintaining forty Children, who were to wear a particular Badge, or be 'cloathed as heiparticu- larl'y direéted. , Thefe Children Were by this Re- quei’t maintained till the Refioration. 'At Which, Time the Crown Lands reverting to fhefKing, the Hofpital did petition his Majei’ty, Lthat he would pleafe to pay them this 70001. to continue the Maintenance of the ‘forty Children, aCCOrd~ ing to the Requefl: of the Donor; whereupon the King granted them the 'faid Sum,‘ to be paid out of the Arrears of the Excife due at his Reitoration. But there being many great. sums of Money charged‘to the (Ewen Mother, and other Perfons of Qiality, out of the faid Ar- rears, prior to this 7000 ‘1. it “Was not hitherto paid. But, after many Years, the faid Clerk of the Hofpital thought fit, by a new Petition, toput the Lord Treafiirer in Mind of the faid Grant (if the King. This Petition, brought as beforewas faid, Sir Robert Clayton took, and went ‘in‘with it the Secretary of the Treafury, who‘prefent'ly; in Company with Sir Robert, ”carried it-to t e Lord Treafurer,to whom it was read : But, after the Reading, my Lord‘vau'ainted‘Sir Robert Clay: ton what great Sums of Money were charged upon the {aid Fun-d prior to this, and that it'Was im- p’ofiib’le for himto help the Hofpit‘al. Sir Robert, like a good ~Ad'mcate for the City’s Poor, told him, that the Citizens of,L’o'ndo/2, he hoped, were as careful in managmg of their public Cha: rities as of their private Concerns -, and that, if his Lordfh-ip would place 70001, upon a certain Fund to be paid by 500.1.“ ’a‘“Year, they would endeavour to maintain the Children With it; which the Lord Treafurer ‘eVad’ed alfo. But. the , diligent Alderman, finding him in a good "H-u—V mour, proceeded further with him, telling him, that a poor Friend of his 'was ‘upon fuch 'an im: portant Projeél in that Hbipital, that would deg ibrve a better Founder rand fo‘difcourfed to him the Defign he and Sir Potiofloe ‘Word were'contrivé ing. It'took with the Treafurer ; and it pleafed him To well, that he charged Sir Robert to go and frame him a Petition upon that subject. he had difcourfed to him of,“ and added, that he would deliver it tbot ‘very _]\/"ngt to tbe King. before beflept. ' ’ ' ' , Sir Robert departed, and took the Clerk of the Hofpital along with him in hi—sCoach; and, fetting him down at the’Hofpital, ordered him immediately to'bring him fa Lift of the Cover; nors of that Houfe to 7 Sir f7obn Frederick’s, then Prefident ;’ which Lift being brought: antipe- rufed, they pitched upon Six to alliil: in this Mot-I ter, Whereef Sir P. Word and, Sir Riobtirdfoed, Aldermen», were two.- While" thefe were fummofié . ing, Sir Robert prepared a Petition. Tho-Te Goa vernors now being afl‘embl‘ed, he fignifiedto them, the prefent ~Adyantage for. the ",Hofpital, ' alid, lhewin‘gthe‘m the Petition,ire<1uired them tolgpi with him to deliver it -,* but‘ they‘declinedit‘bénd left it upon Sir Robert, telling him that hefhav; ing begun'it, was theifitteft to carry it on; ' ._ ' He was ‘not‘ difcouragcd'f‘in‘ {0" V goody. but that Ni “ht carried up‘the tendon“ .liilnf , and delivered it into the: Hands of thdLbrd Treafurer, who appointed him to come to him the next Day; which heaccordingly‘di'd," and found that the Treafurerhadfliewn the King the Petition, and'ihad a Reference made back [to himfelf for-the‘Payment- of .1000 l. a Year to the I—Ioufefiuntil the 7oo_o‘l."were paid; and the- Hofpital'was to vcovena‘nt'to ‘inaintain_;fo many Boys, and to teach them the Mathematics. The Treafurer then alibtgavc an Order to Sir [Romy-First», 'Attorney;G-efi‘ei‘al, afterwards Earl. 01 . ', .’ 306k} Sir Robert Clayton moves it to‘the Lord ‘ Treafurer. ‘ ‘i‘ '{C the King in that Behalf, and the Suc- cefs. Work-i A Petition to mmmr'rrém m— min I315. “—44" mnmnu I "Hulk” 1 J m I In,” I ym / I a j, (j ' m I III / / I /l I figzfizg 7,6774!" awn/fl .In' ‘ M“ "w f [”115 * a! PWM (award/y tq Jag?" Par/LAMMIQC‘ 1/55 J3» £22,72er fuzz-r7 F", ‘ ‘ i ‘ l ‘ 6:9 v, Chap. XXVI .: Chrilt- Church [Jo/farm; .' IVM @ggygaek; . The King’s Other Bounty to this School. ween Aime places out one of thefe Boys. Another Ward of Ma— thematical Boys prepar— mg. The Number of Children here provided for. Duly provid- ed for. of Nottingham, vantageous Claufes accordingly, and commanded Sir Robert Clayton to attend Mr. Attorney with it. He was well known to him -, and, having ac— quainted him with this Affair, the Attorney was extremely well pleafed with it, and defired Sir Robert himfelf to give fuch advantageous Claufes as he could think of, to be inferred in the Pa- tent; He thereupon called together the Com- mittee to have their Afiii’cance -, and f0 they .pre- ‘ pared the Heads of {uch Clauies as they could think of ~, which he gave to Mr. Attorney, who appointed Sir Robert to call upon him again at- a fet Time, and he would draw the Patent with his own Hand. He came according to the Time, and had a rough Draught given him. to take what further Advice he ihould think fit: .‘Which he ihewed to the Committee or the GOVernors, and then returned it to the Attorney, by whom it was foon finilhed, and. had the Great Seal af- fixed to it. And Sir Robert paid the firi’t 5001. it being to be paid half—yearly, to the Hofpital, on Account of Rent, which was due from him to the Crown. . Thus was this public good Work,- itending fol much to the Honour both of the King and City 3 ' of London, brought to pafs from the Beginning]; to the End, by the prudent Contrivance and“ perfevering Indul’try of this Alderman, which therefore I have related Io largely. Sir. Robert Was then made a Governor of the faidHoufe, and Sir 7mm Moor, Samuel Pepys, Efq; and fe- ‘ veral other Perfons, known to be Friends and Favourers of the Mathematics, were called into the Government, for the better managing and . fettling this new Royal School. . King. Charles II, the Royal Founder, was pleafed farther to make. a Grant for the Sum of for to place out Ten of the Mathematic, Boys Ap- prentices to Malters of Ships, wherein he referved the lait Year of their Time to his Service. -This Sir Robert Clayton believed Mr. Pepys was. the chief Inl‘trument to procure. . . (Amen Alarm lately fent for a Boy ‘out of this. her Mathematical School, for Mr. Ric/yards, her Ingineer, going to Portugal. 1 The Boy’s Name alfo was Richards -, he was very ufeful and highly agreeable to the Ingineer ; infomuch that he hath of late fem: to 'Mr. Treafurer to thank him for his Boy; and adding, that he went beyond all others in his Ingenuity and Fitnefs to ferve him. The Governors, at the late worthy Treafurer’s good Motion, repaired an old Ward over the north Cloil’cers, to be appropriated for Other forty Boys. to be taught Mathematics, ’as the King’s Boys are; but are to weara difiinét Badge from them, as belonging to another Feundation -, namely, the old Foundation. . . There have been {ometimes a ,Thoufand poor, Children and more, , And lb hath been the‘Willof the GOVerno‘rs to continue fueh'a Number ‘l’till‘: But the F ouhdati- on'could'not fullain them, ”and berrowed Money, and ran’i‘n Debt; and lb they were redueed to a lefs Number. But no’w,"by greatsBejriefae’tidns of late, and a careful Treaftjrer; the"'a‘re adyancing towards that; Numbefij, taking éare‘ef‘atithis prefen‘t berwtten fix andji‘éve‘n, Hand-reason. . T here live - partly in ‘Cbriflf’sl Hofpz'tat,’ and _ parts. l'y' at Nurle in Country ‘TOWIIS in Héi'tftfor' , ire, previdedwith eonVenient Diet, Cloaking, , .odg— ing, andgLearning. And “a" great many” of the Boys new forth Yearly‘Apvprentic'ch, and the Girls di’fpofidto good‘Servicesg Andiome'of a more pregnant Wit, and that have a GeniUS for Study; are 'feht to the Un‘iverfitie‘s. And ‘r'hany of thefe have proved afterwards Men eminent 2 to prepare a Patent with all ad- ‘ ‘ ing, and was iiigplied with air Names according to. their maintained here at one Time, . . " -. .52? 1. 372231;": ' .2. "‘5“: either for Wealth ”or, Acgurfitangof Llearning, or Ufe’fulnefs inhscfiqmmbaneaeho " ‘ ’ Ll ‘J‘Apart‘ment‘s, ,tlieizsCthls,‘;.'tlie_Maiiers and Mif; trefles, the Governors, and Oflihersgthe Prom; . lions for their Maintenance, ithe 00d :(erer and Government, ‘the'fiExpe‘nc‘esiahd‘t ieiBehefaétors. where {the Boys‘dirie and ’ fup. .. it wasfbuilt after the. great ‘Fire By Sir ‘yoba‘FfedEriekg Alderman of London, and'eoil: him .5600 1. ”In this Hallat the Upper End is 'a large :Pibttlre, that e'overeah, all theWa‘ll of" the north End, and firetcheth‘o-n "the Call: and wefi‘Walls, r relenting‘King yams II. but intended for King barles'flll, had helived ‘but‘a little longer, litti-n‘g there, and his Nobles, a’nd theGovernors, and Trealfurer, and others in «great'Nunibers handing about'him, with the ”Pié‘tur‘es of King Edward VI. and, King coma; II. as Founder's, drawn half Mfay,‘ painted as‘ particular Reprefentation, of the Mathematical School _-, ‘it-is done by 'I/arz'o, and reckoned worth :tOQ'oll.yfThere is likewife at the other End of this Hall a large r-{Pi‘éture , more antient of Kin Edward VI, the 'firl’t Founder, delivering his ‘Royal Charter for this Hofpital to the Mayor,- ~who ‘k’n‘eel’eth iirith the Aldermenbehind him -, a, Bifhop, which I 'fuppofe is Ridléy, With-many 'o‘t’hers {landing about; an antient and a'fine Piece; ‘I‘nt’hlis Hall "is a good Organ, that oftentimes ‘pl'a'ys, When the Boys alfo ling ”their Pfalms or Anthems on Sundays and other fpeci’al Days. ~ ‘ There are eight Wards where the, Children’s Beds are, and where they lodge [and harbour}, to Which one more may be added,;whiC'li makes a Ninth, but it is not made Ufe .of-at pr’efeht',’ Wanting Repair, but now gone in Hand with to be fitted up,,_for the Reception of Boys, as the Fifty 'p‘d‘d,o'ne withianother. .. .. .. I . _ ,- ‘ Th‘éJGi'rls have a Ward lfo by themfelves, which is fituatedpafiing out of the great Hall on the Bait. It is- fair and handfome, and, indeed; the 'b‘eft Ward of, all. 'It was built atthe Coll of Mr. yam Morice and Sir Robert Clayton, the fora. mery'giving iooo l. the other much more: : 'Mr: 77mm: sz'rmz'a, Girdler, that .charitable Citizen in 'his'Ti‘me,‘took Upon him the/Care of the Build+ ' Money from them, yet, c’onc'ealing t ’ Defi‘re, mentionin‘ no .more concerning them in this good Work, u‘t only that two charitable Citizens were at,.the- Charge of lli. There is a Statue. l'et up'in the Common Hall for Sir Ros hart Clayton, as his Memory‘deferVeth to be per- petuated for his ~fingular Charity towards; other Hofpitals, as well as this. "J. ‘ , 34: (But take, a more. particular Aceount of, this Building, [from ionewho‘had it .afroflmgthefielatia on‘ or Sir, Room .hiiiiéelf, agaapmhq Builders cathe‘t'o 'bekhow’nf), innate had. had a veriy i great». )flituofSicknefi in theXear (stalls—rar'andgilab mg re .zéjgfedfto a' good smueofiienth, did think I fit, torfialiean Acknowledgment to God for. this Meaty fom’é pan? 9 and Work And; com fu‘l’t‘iifé Twith the“ aid” 4:. .Ftrmia 91905;; that? Subs see: .‘etrcpofed‘fémednngnoma 1,, dose for Clariflis Hofpital, ltich fi§¥9¢ thegrtiatFirehad beenvb‘utilittle reit‘oredghitherto frprfn;;its. Ruins; and eicitedhimV articularly to build the Girls Wardt’here; the Gang“ of which was computed at 20001; Cof’t; .htlrtA/Iorz'reg.3ir Rotart’s Partner, was contented to g'iv'é‘pne, Helfltheteofi“ And Mr. tartan Was employed in the Care: and, Ma; n'a'ger'y,~ with ‘a {trift Injunc‘ftion given him, that. ‘their Names lhould nor be difcovered. This was fibt I (h ,.- . “" 2.0 I ”But now to'yvi‘e'la‘t‘e ‘lbh‘ie "further mniéijnrsiéf The State di the State of thi‘s'Hofpita-lsg asl’theymRbo‘ms yagd this ,Houfe. There is .a greatfa’nd .fpaCioiis:'HallvVve'l-lbuilt, 'l‘he Hall; hanging up in the fame Table. Andithere is‘a : Eight Wards; (t u ‘r’e‘l’c‘.’ In each of »theie.Wards are harboured above . The Girl's Mr. ram: F irmi n. The beat}: on. Mr; Cot-é Iieril. Chill-Church Hofpital. hot all that Was intended: For Sir Robert then defigned, that the Children of the Houfe ihould be betterfittcd for common and ordinary Trades, than by the 'Metl'lods then taken they were; and ' did project feveral' Rooms under the Wards for “fever-a1 Trade“ where the Children, not engaged ‘ in-Mathe'matics, ihould {pend fome of their Time 'in honell: Callings, that might be ufeful to the Houfe and the Public too, aCCording to fome , Models he had procured of Hofpitals from a- broad. While this Work was carrying on, it ”was found convenient to make this a double L-‘aWard, however, at firil, defign'ed only for a - lingle one ;' and the Staircafe to be iet within the Cloiilers to ferve both. This augmented the Charge, at firil propofed, to near double the Stun; and Mr. Marlee, Sir Rolert’s Partner, Was now dead, To that the whole Burthen now lay on him'. While this Work Was in Hand, having 4privately viewed it, he intended fomething fur- ther, which would have coil 500 l. more. But it mail unfeafonably happened at this ‘ Time, that Feuds and F actions grew high among the Citizens, which ended, at lail, in the de- priving them of their Charter. And then was this mofl liberal and public—ipirited Citizen and Ma- giilrate put out both of the Government of the ‘City, and of this Hofpital, with many other worthy Citizens, and fo the good Work unhap— . pily‘ilopped. But Mr. Firrrzin foon took the Op- portunity to let the remaining Governors under- lland, what a Piece of Ingratitude this was, ihewing them, in fome Zeal, that he that was thus difcharged, was the very Man that had high— ly deferved of the Houfe in this expeniive’ Build- ‘ ing, by whofe whole Charges it had, for divers Years, been carried on; whereby the Founder ”of this Ward came to be, at length, known, .which, othenviie, might have'been concealed to this Day. , ‘ ‘ ‘ _ Another- Ward there is, being a convenient 1W ard apart by i-tfelf for the Sick, where they that fall into any Diilempersare removed, and due Care taken of them. ' ’ Of the ancient Buildings remaining, there is an old Cloiiler, and was Part of the old Priory. It ferves’ for a Thoroughfare, and a Place of Re- creation for the Boys, eipecially in rainy )Vea‘ ther: But, being gone to Decay, it hath been repaired, by the Direclion of that excellent Ar- chiteél, Sir Clarl/lop/aer Wren, Knight. _\ For Schools, there are thefe : A Grammar School, a Mathematical School; aWriting School, and a School for the Girls, where they learn to read, to few, and to mark. The Grammar School is ancient; the other more modern, and let up iince the great Fire. Of the Mathematical School, befides what hath been laid of it already, this may be added ; that, for the Maintenance of it, there have been re; ' ceived'b'y‘t-he- Houfe out of the Exeleeguer, forfe- . ven Years together to the Summer 1704., three , ' Hundred and feventy odd "Pounds yearly; and < f0, no quellion, it continues. - The Writing School is a very fair Struélure; at the End of the great Hall, lofty and airy ‘g , founded by Sir j‘olm Moore, Knight, iBjme‘time one of the Aldermen of the City, and Prefident of this Houfe. It containeth long Writing-board‘s, fuflicient for 300 Boys to fit and write at.‘ It ‘ tell the nobly-minded Builder, they fay, 5,0001. , whoi'e Statue, in white Marble, at full Proporti- on is placed at the upper End, with this In- feription,: ' Anno Dom. I694.’ p This Writing School, and [lately Building, was begun, and completely flog/bed, at the [ale 2 Sci/goals.~ .G‘oaemors. :. ' Cbarge of Sir John Moore, Knight, ondLerd Mayor oflbe City, in the Year'MDc LXXXI ,; 710w Prof/idem of this Houfle; [or leaving leer; ' otherwife a liéerozl Bone/roller to the fame. It reileth upon Columns, and is built, below, into Tenements and Shops, which they let out 3 there being i'even in all. v ' ~ The Mailers of thefe Schools are four, e-iz. A Grammar Mailer, who hath alio an Uiher to afiifl him -, a Mathematical Mailer, and a Writ-- ing Mailer, who have IOOl. per Alrzmlm, each, for their Salaries, befides Houfes. ' There are alio two School—MiilreiiES that teach the Girls, who alfo have: fufhcient Salaries, and Houfes to dwell in. . - - The Grammar Mailer hath alio an Addition of 201. yearly, for Catechiiing the Boys ; and his Uiher hath 501. a Year befides. Clorl/l’s Hoipital is lately further im1 roved, by entertaining a Mailer to teach the Boys Drawing; Some Skill in which Art is fo .veryeuieful to many, or moil mechanical Trades; as,’beiides Painters, ethofe of .Seamenr Carpenters, Joiners, Plumbers, Carvers, Maions, Bricklayers, 59%; Now for the Governors and Officers of this great Hoipital. » . ‘ The Governors are many, and commonly Perfons that have been Mailers or Wardens of their Companies, or Men of Ellates, or from whom there are Expeélations of Charity. Out of theie, one is Prcfident, and he commonly is fome ancientAlderman that hath pailEd the ‘ Chair -, and another is Treaiurer, who takes Care of the Affairs of the whole Houfe, and of the Revenues, and therefore is commonly reiident, and hath a good Houfe to dwell in, ' butwithout any Salary: And fuch an one is chofen by the Governors for this great Truil, who-is of Note j for his Abilities, Integrity, and Charity: And, according to. the Repute he hath, fo'the' Hofpital ufually. fiourifheth, and the Benefaélibns come in plentifully : . And fuch, in all Refpecls, were the late Treafurers, Mr. Harvey, MnBrerewoorl, Mr. Young, and 'Mr. Lo’okz'rgtoiz. - The prefent. Treafurer is Philip SHIN/.9, Eiq. Every Governor, when he is admitted into this Society, hath this Charge folemnly given him,'n0r”?Ch-‘zrge- in the .Prefence of the Prefident, or Treafurer,‘ and other Governors aliembled in Court : ‘ M’orflzlplel, ‘ The Cauie of your Repair hither at this pre- fent is, to give you Knowledge, that you are eleéled and appointed, by the Lord Mayor and Court of Aldermen, to the Oflice, Charge, and GOVernance of Clorg'fl’s Hoflz'lql. _ _ . ‘ And, therefore, this is torequire you, and, every of "you, that, you endeavour yourfelves,; 0000 anddiligently to ferve in thisVocation and, ' Worihip : For ye are called to bexthe faithful, Dillri'butors and Difpofers of _ the Goods of Al- mighty God to his poOr and needy Members. ‘7 In the'which 'Oflice andCalling, if you {hall be found negligent and unfaithful, ye ihall not only declare your-{elves to be the moil unthank-~ ful and unworthy Servants of Almighty God ; being put in Truil ~to~fee the Reliefand Suc— cour of' his poor and, needy Flock ', but; alfo .ye {hall ihew ‘yourfelves to be very notable and. great Enemies to thatWork, which 1119?: high- ly doth advance and 4 beautify the Commom wealth of this Realm, and chiefly of this City. ‘ of London. ~ . ‘ T hefe’, are'theréfor'e to require you, and eve- ‘ . rv nanhl‘nannnnoahhhon Bopki'l‘. with. all your Wildom .and Power, . faithfully . - Calling, Which is anyOfi-ice ofiihigh Trufi afld. 7 ' Chap. Officers. Provifions. 1 Almoners. Their daily Fare. Their Bread . Their good Orders. On Sunday. ‘ XXVI. GhrifiaChurch Hofpital. 77362)“ Diet and gain; Order-5'; as; ry of you, that ye here 'promife' befOre God, and this Aflémbly of your Fellow Governors, faithfully to travail in this your Office and Calling, that this Work may have its Perfec— tion, and that the needy Number committed to your Charge be diligently and wholfomely pro— vided for, “as you will anfwer before God, at the Hour and Time when you and we {hall Rand before him, to render an Account of our Doings. And, promifing this to do, you {hall be new admitted into this Company and F e1: ‘ lowlhip.’ C ‘ 6 ¢ 6 C C C ¢ ‘ I. Befides the chief Governors, they have divers Officers that receive Salaries, viz. four Clerks, a Steward, a Matron ; for every Ward, a Nurfe and her Maid; a Porter and four Beadles. . They have alfo three Servants, which they call Streetmen, that fee to the well Government of the Carts of London. They have alfo certain Clerks for Blackwell— thll, whence are certain Duties coming to the Houfe. ‘ ' , As for, the Provifion for this great Family, the Drink is fupplied by two Beer-BreWers, and the Bread by three Bakers. " There are two of the Governors that are call- ed Almoners, who, for a'Month, or more, take Care to buy and lay in Butchers Meat, that is, Beef and Mutton -, the Steward attending them. The Butcher rcceiveth, upon an Avarage, 501. every Month. And after this Manner the Children fare daily : They have, every Morning, for their Breakfal’t, Bread and Beer, at half an Hour paf’t Six in the Morning, in the Summer Time; and at half an Hour paPt Seven in the Winter. On Sundays they _ have; boiled Beef and Pottage for their Dinners -, and, for their Suppers, Bread and Butter. On other Days, their Fare, as it is thrifty, fo it is fuf- ‘ ficient. ‘ On Manda}: Milk-pottage, Tuefdnys roalt Mut— ton, Wednefdnys Rice-milk, Thurfdnys boiled Beef and Broth, Fridays boiled Mutton and Broth, and on Saturdays Peafe-pottage. . Their. Supper is Bread and Cheefe, or Butter for thofe that cannot eat Cheefe. 'They have roal’t Beef. about twelve Days in the Year, by the Kindnefs of feveral Benefaétors, who have left, fome 31.‘fome 50 5. per flnnnnz, for that End and Purpofe. Their Bread, formerly, was very coarfeiand brown, but, by the C are and Order of Mr. Breerwood, a late Treafurer, it was changed, and is very good Wheaten Bread : And, when it was firll: brought into the Hall in the Bread-bafkets, the poor Children’s Hearts rejoiced, and they gave a great Shout, praying God to blefs their good Treafurer. The good Orders of this numerous Houfe is , alfo much to be commended. Omitting the rel’t, I {hall relate the Cuf’tom on the lord’s-Days -, which bringeth Multitudes of Pe0ple, both of the City and Court, thither, to behold. As feonw as the Boys come from Church, on Sundays in the Afternoon, they repair into their fe- veral Wards, where they read Chapters in the Bi- ble until the Supper-bell rings, which is at Six o’Clock, then they go into the great Hall to Sup— per. All being come in, one Boy appointed goeth up into a Pulpit there placed, and readeth a Chap- ter, being the fecond Leffon for the Day. After that, he reads likewife feveral good Colleé‘ts, or lhort Prayers, compofed, or ordered. to be com- pofed, by the Right Reverend the Bilhop of Lon- don, being all fuitable to the Occafion : As, for all States of Men; and Thanks for their Bene- factors -, and Prayers for their Foundation. At the End of every Prayer all the Boys cry flnwn, ,, NL’MB. X'Vlll; ‘ that makes a very melodious Sound; that readeth is one of the uppermol’t, angling?) ed for the Univerfity. The Prayers being done; a Pfalm is named by the fame Boy ; and all ling, With a good Organ, that is placed in the faid great Hall. That done, the faid Boy, in the Pulpit, craves a Bleffing upon their Supper; and then all the'Boys and Girls,- that were ftandino round in their Order before, go quietly each t3 the Tables, and take their Places, which they know, without any Noife. Then certain of the Boys, in their Turns, fome bring Bread in their Bafkets, ready cut in good Pieces; and others, Trenchers; and others, fmall Beer; of which they have as much as they pleafe. Then are brought, in feveral wooden Platters, Butter cut out into rcafonable Pieces, and the Nurfes diltris bute them to each Boy. Supper being done,which is not long, the former Boy goes up into the Pul- pit again, and gives Thanks; and then fets a Pfalm, and all the Boys ling well with the Or- gan. This done, they all, in very quiet and good Order, retire from the Hall to their feveral Wards, the Nurfes of each Ward going before their re- fpeé‘tive Ward; and oneof the Boys, in each Ward, carrying the Bread—Bafket upon his Should? der, another the Table—Cloth; and fo the Hall is prefently cleared : And the Nurfes and Boys, as they pafs along by the Treafurer, make their Obeifance. When they are thus retired to their fel- veral Wards, the Nurfes hear'them all read Chap; ters out of the Bible; and then they fing fome' Pfalm again, and, foon after, they all go to Bed. Mr. Deputy Hnwer, 7111} I 6, I 704, then Trea,« ’furer, did me" the Favour to {hew me all this ve- ry decent Chrif’tian Order. _ , The Children are catechifed on Tue/days, Thurf- days, and Friday: in the Grammar-febool. And, that thefe poor Children maybe cared for in Sicknefs as well as in Health, there is a convenient Apartment, by itfelf, for fuCh to be kept in ; which contains a Room for the Lodg- ing of the Sick, a Kitchen, for Drefling their Diet, and Preparing ‘fuch Food or "Phyfic as is needful for them 3 and a Confultation Chamber, where the Phyfician, Apothecary, or Surgeon meet, to confer upon the Patients Dil’tempers and Cures ; together with other Places convenient. There is a Nurfe proper to this Ward ; and they had] a Phyfician, who was, formerly, the very learned and well—deferving Dr. Sloane, late Sir Hans Sloane, Baronet, now Dr. chinfon, an Apo— thecary, and a Surgeon; who commonly come two or three Times a Week, or oftener, as there is Occafion for them. And in fuch a good State of Health was this Hofpital, that, in the Month of 7nly, flnno 1704., When I/was there, there were. but five Lads in this Ward, and they then pret~ t well. Befides the Children that are maintained with— in the Walls of this Hofpital, there are cenfiderL able Numbers belonging to it, which are fent out and provided for in the Conntry, niz. at Ware and Hartford, in Herzfornybz're: And they are of the leaft and youngel‘t Sort, and afterwards brought home to London. At each Place is a Schoolmafl'er, to teach the Children to read, with a Salary of 501. each. At Ware is a ,fine Building, . ‘ making‘a large (@adrangle, for Boys, contamlpg a School-houfe and a Mafier’s Houfe, and thlf‘ teen Houfes forNurfes to keep the Children. ' Sir 7onntbnn Raymond, Knight, fometime Alderman of London, bought and gave them a Fleld neat adjoining, "to recreate tlremfelves and to play In. In the Summer of the Year 1794': fiftY‘feVCfi des, and morti; wire gaing thither; Children beinor t en ept t ere. At Hartfordbare alfo a Schooléhoufe and a Mall 14‘ f f tel‘ 5 like a College,- eighty , The Ward for the Siclfi.‘ Children of Chi/1’s Ho/fii‘ ml at W are and Hergforda 2'04 9., ~ «I; - , . . ’. ‘V “I I 'ter’s Heufe, and twenty Houfes more, each: .with two Rooms on a Floor, and Gardens be- longing, Hither were, fent, in the Year 1704, ' ninety—fix Boys, and fome Girls, which Girls , Expences, Benefaé‘tions, and Reve- > nues. Revenues be- . longing to this Hofpital . were fent thither for Air, ‘becaufe not well; fo «that, divers Years ago, an hundred Children were kept at Hertford. This Hofpital expends 12 or 13001. a Year, in Salaries to Officers, Clerks, and Servants; and~ the Foundation hath fuch a Reputation, and the: ‘Ei’tate belonging to it fo well employed, and fo; juf’tly managed, and ufed to the real Intents of it, and the Government of it fo good and regu- lar, that many have been encouraged to be frank Benefaétors to it : And feldom Men of Ei’tate in the City die, but they leave it, very good Lega- ‘ cies, whether in Sums of Money, or in Houfes and Lands. But fome, of late, have been extra- ' ordinary in their Bounty : As Mr. Stone, of Skil- lz'agthorp in Lincoln/hire, left an Eftate there, of ' about 5001. a Year, for the proper Ule of this . Place -, yet leaving many Charities for the Hof— pital firft to pay out. - Mr. Garratvay left an Ef’tate to it, near dran- . ,del in Saflex, of above 7001. a Year : whofe Pic- ' ture, in grateful Memory of him, is let up in the great Hall by Mr. Trea/arer. One Mr. Bacon gave a confiderable Eftate in Reverfion, in Cafe of the Death of two Relati— ons. . Sir 70ha Frederic/e, Sir Rohert Clayton, Sir yoha Moore, Mr. Marlee, noble Benefaétors, we have mentionedbefore, and a great Number more might be mentioned. ’ - So that their yearly Revenue, in Houfes and Lands, as it ought to be, to fatisfy fuch vaft .‘Charges, fo, Thanks be to God for Perfons well difpoled to this charitable Foundation, is con- 'fiderably great : And, by the Bounty of the Ci-‘ ty, to increafe the wealthy Efizate thereof, it, , hath allowed this Houfe the Benefit :of looking The Account of this Hof- pital, 1771710 1704. Anne :70 5. Anna 1706. after and l-icenling the Carts of London; the whole Care and Ordering whereof belongs to it. There . are 420 Carts allowed in the City, each of which pays a.certain fmall Sum for Sealing. They have alfo a Duty of about three F ar- things upon every Cloth brought to Blackwell Hall, allowed them by Ads of Common Coun- cil ; and they keep Clerks there to receive it. The Account given in, in the Year 1704, of the State then of this Hofpital, was thus : Put forth Apprentices, and difcharged the Ho- vfpital, Twenty-eight. Whereof Five from the Mathematical School, put forth to Commanders of Ships. Children buried the Year before, Six. _ Children remaining there, kept in the Houfe, and at Nurfe, four Hundred and Thirty-eight; newly admitted, two Hundred. . ‘ The AccoUnt given in the Year 1705, of the‘ .State of this Hofpital, ftood thus : Put forth Apprentices, and difcharged this Hofpital, the Year pai’t, Forty-eight: Thirteen whereof, infiruéted in Mathematics} and Navigation, were placed forth to Command- ers of Ships. ,v - Buried the fame Year, Ten. , Remaining under the Care and Charge of the faid Hofpital, kept either in the Houfe, or at Nurfe, five Hundred and Ninety-fix -, and new- ly admit-ted one Hundred and Three. , The Condition of Chri/t’s Hoflbz'tal, from the Year 1705 to 1706, as it was publiihed, was thus : Children put forth Apprentices, and difcharged the Hofpital, Thirty-five. Nine whereof, being infiruc'led in the Mathe- matics and Navigation, were put out to Com- manders of Ships. . 2 . Chr‘ilt-Ch‘urch. 'Tearhz' Aleeoaatr. ' Room, . Children buried, Nine. = ' ‘ Children remaining in the Hofpital, or at Nurfe elfewhere, eight Hundred’andFourteen : Of thefe, thofe at Nurfe are fix Hundred and Sixty-four, and one Hundred and Fifty new- ly admitted. And from Ea/ler 1706, to Ea/ler 1707, this was the State thereof : Put forth Apprentices out of Chrzjl’s Hofiital, the lafl: Year, Sixty—nine : Whereof out of the. Mathematical School, to Commanders of Ships, Eleven. . . Remaining under Care and Charge of the Hof— pital, with one Hundred and Fifty newly ad- mitted, nine Hundred and One. Some few Years after, 7:22. in the Year 171 I, the Account of this Hofpital flood thus : Put forth Apprentices, and difcharged, were, one Hundred and Twenty-five : Whereof Ten, inf’trué‘ted in Mathematics and Navigation, were put forth to Commanders of Ships. Children buried, Eleven. Remaining there in the Houfe, or ‘at Nurfe elfewhere, eight Hundred and Seventy—one. . Now, for the Year 1717, the Account given in was, ' Children put forth Apprentices, and difcharged, Eighty: ~ Whereof, out of the Mathematical School, placed to Commanders of Ships, Nine. ' Children buried the Year before, Nine. Then remaining under the Care and Charge . of the Hofpital, and, at Nurfe, elfewhere, feven Hundred and Seventy-three. , And more newly admitted, two Hundred and Five. The Names of all which are regif’tered in Books kept in the Hofpital, and to be feen -, and alfo when and whence they were admitted. . - In the Month of Septemher, 1717, the Right Honourable the Lord Maydr, together with fe- veral of the Aldermen and Governors of Chrijl’s Hofpz’tal met there : Where Six of the Boys, edu— cated at that School, were, after paliing Exami- nation, and being found fit, fent to the Univer- fity, to Ptudy there. The Report given of this Hofpital this lait Year, viz. 1718. Children put forth Apprentices, and difcharged the Hofpital, one Hundred and One : Eleven whereof, inflruéted in MathematiCs and Navigation, were placed forth Apprentices to Commanders of Ships. Buried in the preceding Year, Four. Children then remaining under the Care and Charge of the. Hofpital, both in the Houfe, and at Nurfe, eight Hundred and Eleven. Newly admitted, one Hundred and Twenty— one. Chri/l-Charch Hofpital hath been feafonably relieved, in the Year 1718, with thefe Legacies ; Dame Sarah Prithard - '- - - - 1001. Mr. Paul 7erois, Gent. - - - - 1001. Sir Edward PI/z'lls, Knight - - - 1001. Samuel Shepherd, Efquire - - - - 100 1. Sir fame: Batemaa,’ Kt. and Alderman 100 1. Sir 70h” Lethieullz'er, Knight - - 1001. Sir Richard Hoare, Knt. and Alderman - 1001. Mrs. 7am Elliot - — - - - - Iool. Mrs. Sarah Radyerd - - - -‘ - tool. William Natt, Efquire - - - - 501. Mr. Mlle'am Bridges - - - - - 50]. In the great Room, above Stairs, where the Governors ufually meet, there hang round it the Pié‘tures of the Royal Founder, and divers other chief Benefaé‘tors, viz. at the upper End of the King ”Book: ‘1‘. Anne 1707. Jam 1711} Anna r7‘17.‘ Certain Boys ofthis Hofpi— tal fent to the Univerfity. The Report in 17 18 . Benefactors in that Year. Benefaflors. Chap . XXVL King Edward VI, the Founder of this Hof- pital. King founded the Mathematical School. King ffames II. on his left Hand; Then follow the refl‘, with the Infeription ‘un- ‘ der each of them. ‘ ~ Sir Richard Dohhs, Knt. Mayor, Anna I 5 52. Chrilt’s Hofpital erei‘ledwas, apaflng Deed of Pity, ‘IVhat Time Sir Richard Dobbs was Mayor cfthis [meg/l famous City, Who careful was in Government, and furthered much [the fame ; Alfo a Benefafi‘or good, and joyed to fee it frame. thofe Piflure here his Friends have felt, to put each [Wight in Mud, 7T0 'imilaz‘e his virtuous Deeds, as God hash us af- wgl’l’d; Dame Mary Ram/e37, Widow of Sir Thomas Ram/Key, Knight, and Prefident; a mof’t munifi- cent Benefactor to this Hofpital, and other Places, Anna 1599. Thomas Barnes, Efq; Citizen and Haberdafher, Anna 1667-, a bouutiful Benefaftor to this Hof- pital. Erafmus Smith, Efq; in the Year 1666, and, afterwards, was a very bountiful and liberal Be- nefaétor to this Foundation. ’ Sir yohn Leman, Knight, and Prefident of this .Hofpital; a very bountiful Benefaétor, Anna 1632. Sir Thomas Vincr, Knight, and Prefident of this Hofpital, flnno I658; a worthy Benefaé‘tor, when living, and at his Deceafe. Mr. Richard Young, Citizen of London, and .fome Time of Roxwell in Eflex, flnno 1661, was Chrifl’s Hof i- tal. , T. S. a worthy Benefaflor to this Hofpital. Daniel ‘Colrwall, Efq; one of the Governors, Anne 1667, a living Benefaétor; and, at his De—_ ceafe, 1690, was extraordinary liberal and cha- ritable to this Hofpital. Sir Chri/iopher Clitherow, Knight, and Prefi~ dent of this Hofpital, 164.1 ; a Benefaétor. I684. -, a liberal Benefactor to this Hofpital, on feveral Accounts; and in Building the new Writing School at the weft End of the Town— Dilch, finifhedflnno 1695, when living. Sir 7ohn Frederic/e, Knight, and Prelident, An- no 1662, to the Year 1684, was a very liberal and bountiful Benefaélor, befides his extraordi- nary Charges in Rebuilding the great Hall in this Hofpital. Sir lVol/lone Dixey, Knight, and Prefident; a worthy Benefaétor to this Hofpital, in the Year 1 '93. Djohn Morrife, Efq; in the Year 1 670, a Bene- faél‘or in Repairing the Cloifters -, and, fince, ve- ry liberal towards Building the Girls Ward, over the fouth Cloilter in this Hofpital. Mr. Thomas Stretchley, Gent. Anna I682, gave certain Lands to this Hofpital, befides the Re- verfion 'of a confiderable Ellate. Henry Stone, of Shellinglhorp, in the County of Lincoln, Efq; a melt munificent Benefaétor to this Hofpital, who died in jinne 1693. William Gar‘way, of Ford, in the Rape of ,4- rundel, in the County of Sufl'en, Efq; a very mu— nificent Benefaétor to this Hofpital ; he died Anna 1701. Sir Rohert Clayton, Knight and Alderman, and fometime Lord Mayor of this City, who built the Ward for the Girls, Anna 1682, and was 0— therwife a «good Benefaélor to this Hofpital 3 he died in the Year 1707.] Chrijl’s Hofioii‘al, the State of it Anna 1754.. Children put forth Apprentices, and difcharged coma: II. on his right Hand, who "Chriflz-Church ,Hofpital. * out of Chrifl’s Hcf iial, the Year a I i ' ' Hundred and Severity—{even -, ten digrgdl'hbeiiie infiruéted in the,Mathcmatics and I‘lavizrationg were placed forth Apprentices to Coinmantders oil. Ships out of the Mathematical School, founded by his late Majefiy King Charles II. of blefl‘ed Memory! ’ ' ~ . Children buried the Year lall pail, none. Children now remaining under the Care and Charge of the faid Hofpital, which are kept in the Houfe, and at Nurfe elfewhere, feven Hun» dred and Ninety. The Names of all which are regil’tered in the Books kept in the faid Hofpital, and are to be feeln, as alfo when and whence they were admit- te '. ' ' ‘ That the Revenue Of the 'Hofpital having greatly fulfered by feveral dreadful Fires in and about London, and otherwife; and the Gover- nors having been at vall: Expence for accommo— dating poor Orphans, in PUrchafing and Build- ing of convenient Houfes or ‘Nurferies, at Hert~ ford and Ware, for their; Reception, and in Maintaining of Mailers, Ufliers, and other pro- ”per Officers ‘there: And the fick Ward in the faid 'Hofpital, having, by Length of Time, be— come ruinous, and in great Danger of falling, hath Unavoidably occafioned the Rebuilding the fame, which hath been finifhed at a very great Expence of the Money of the {aid Hofpital: And the annual Increafe of Children having made it abfolutely neceflary for the Governors to en- gage in"’ the new Building of two additional Wards, for the faid Children’s Reception, which faid Buildings have been likewlfe finifhed at the like Charge and Expence of the faid Hofpital : And the Hofpital’s Revenue, without cafual Be- nefaétions, being not fuflicient to defray the Charge of maintaining fo large a Number of Children as they do, together with the great Ex- penCe of the faid new Buildings ; it is therefore 3 to be hoped and wifhed for, that, in Regard to a Work f0 Charitable, ufeful, and commenda- ‘ ble, being for the Relief of necefiitous Orphans Sir yohn Moore, Knight, and Prefident, Anna ' and Infants, the Advancement of the Chrifl'ian Religion, and the Good of the Kingdom, all charitable and worthy good Chril’tians will rea-‘ dily and liberally contribute to the Support and Encouragement of 16 good and pious a VVork.] A Lift of the Right Honourable and Worlhipf ‘ful the Governors of Chri/l-Hofliz‘al. The Lord Mayor and Court of Aldermen. Sir 7ohn Barnard, Knt. Alderman and Prefident. Philip Scarih, Efq; Treafurer. Mr. Chri/lopher flrnol'd. Mr. Barnahy Bachwell. Deputy 7ofeph Ayli er Mr. Charles Bu/h. Mr. j‘ohn flfgill. Thomas Bowdler, Efqa Deputy William Arnold. Mr. Philip Bromfield. Dep. 7ohn flhhington. Mr. Samuel Bridgman: His Grace the Duke of Ifaac Hawkins Brown, Beaufort. ' Efq. His Grace the Duke of William Brochett, Efq. Bedford. Mr. Riehard‘Blunt. ' Sir WallerWag/lafiBag- Mr. William Bachwell. Mr. Henry Banks. The Rt. Hon. the Lord C adogan. Sir Thomas Clarh, Knt. Sir 7ames Creed, Knt. Sir 7ohn Crofs, Bart. Sir john Chapman, ~Bart. Samuel Clark, Efq. Mr. William Clark. Hammond Crofs, Efq. Richard Cary, Efq. Richard Chifwell, Efq. Mr. Reherl Cramner. Stephen at. Edgward Barker, Efq. fofiph Beachcrofl, Efq. Deputy Samuel Ballard. j’ames Baieman, Efq. Mr. Hugh Bonfoy; Thomas Bechford, Efq. Ofmond Beauvoir, Efq. Charles Bcehm, Efq. Mr. Thomas Bigg. Mr. Richard Bridgman. Samuel Bofiznquer, Efq: _ ‘Z‘hcmas Brain/lone, Elt}. "265 20,6 Chril’t-Church Hofpital‘. St. Bartholomew’s. Stephen Child, Efq. Mr. Berg'amin Cleave. Felix Calvert, Efq. Deputy f7ohn Clark. Samuel Clark, Efq. ' Bouchier Cleeve, Efq. Mr. Henry Cheere. Charles Crofs, Efq. ,Ahraham Chambers, Efq. Thomas Care-w, Efq'. 7ofeph Cranmer, Efq. Richard Chauncey, Efq. Dep. Thomas Cockfledge. Mr. Richard Cleeve. ~ Mr. Thomas Crozier. ' Peter Calvert, Efq. Mr. Thomas Cogan. Mr. George Dottin‘. Dr. Pearfe Dod. ‘ Peter Du Cane, Efq. Deputy Francis Ellis. Anthony Ewcr, Efq. Mr. 7ofeph Eyre. The Right Hon. Lord Vil‘count Folk/lone. Zachariah Pexall, Elq. Mr. Henry Fendall. ile'cholas Fazakerly, Elq. Mr. Richard Farrington. lVlr. Brice Fi/h‘er. kVilliam Field, Efq. Henry Furnefe, Efq. The Rt. Hon; the Earl of Granville. Thomas Garrard, Efq. Peter Godfrey, Efq. Edward Gihhon, Efq. Sir Tho. Hankey, Knt. Sir Tho. Harri/on, Knt. Chri/lop: Hawkins, Efq. "Mr. Thomas Haflél. Giles Thornton Hey/Jam, Efq. ‘ ' yames Hallett, Efq. Henry Hoare, Efq. Mr. yohn Hafill. Peter Hammond, Efq. ’ Deputy ‘j‘ames Hodges. Mr. Thomas Hardwick. Mr. 7ohn Hall. - Mr. Rohert Hen/haw. 7ames Heywood, Efq. Mr. 7ohn Hallet. Sir Edmund [/ham, Bart. Mr. Daniel Irefon. 70hn 7ollifi, Elq. j’ohn Ycfireys, Efq. Mr. Gilhert 7odrell. Mr. William Innys. The Rev. Mr. Arthur Kynnefman. Right Hon. the Earl of Litchfield. / , Richard Lockwood, Se- nior, Elq. Richard Lockwood, Ju— nior, Elq.‘ l/Villiam Lownds, Senior, - Efq. Mr. yohn Loveday. Mr. john Lancet/hire. Deputy 7ohn Loyd; l‘x/Il'. yohn Lockwood. William Lownds, Junior, Elli. ‘Sir M'atthew Lee, Knt. Mr. Daniel Lamhert. Deputy Thonms Long. Nicholas Linwood, Elq. Mr. Thomas Lough. The Right Hon. the Earl ofMacclesfield. Mr. john Markham. Mr. Thomas Moore. William Morrice, Efq. [Wiles Alan, Efq. Rohert Matjh, Efq. Mr. john Henry Mertins. Cutts Maydwell, Efq. Charles Monfon, Efq. Peter Mailman, Efq. l/Villiam Mlls, Efq. Mr. Henry March. . Mr. PVilliam Maiflt. Deputy George Nel/‘on. Mr. Edward Nourfi’. Right Hon. the Earl of Cork and Orrery. Sir George Oxenden, Bart. Henry Oxenden, Efq. j‘ohn Phillips, Efq. Charles Phillips, Efq. . Deputy Rohert Pycroft. Mr. Phillip Perry. Sir yohn Phillips. Lewis Pry/e, Efq. john Phillip/on, Efq. Mr. Richard Peers. Mr. 7ohn Pi or. Thomas Prowfe, Efq. Right Hon; the Lord Romney. - Richard Reynolds, Efq. Thomas Raw/torn, Efq. ' Mr. Richard Romman. Mr. T homas' Roufle. Edward Rudge, Efq. Mr. William Rufiell. Mr. Samuel Rutter. Mr. 7ohn Riley. Dr. Richard Rawlinjbn. Right Hon. the Earl of Shaft/hury. Mr. Thomas Salter. Charles Savage, Efq. kVilliam Sloan, Efq. Mr. Chriflopher Smith. Deputy Edmund Stevens. Dutton Seaman, Efq. Henry Stevens, Efq. Samuel Savage. Efq. Mr. 7ohn Turner. Mr. Whichcote Turner. Peter Thomas, Efq. Mr. 7ohn Town/end. Mr. Thomas Tyndall. Thomas Tower, Efq. Francis yohn Tyfon, Efq. Rev. Dr. Edmund T cw. Randolph Tooke, Efq. Arthur Vani/tart, Efq. Edward Vernon, Efq. Deputy Giles Vincent. Right Hon. 'Lord Vif- count PVind/or. Right Hon. Lord Ward. Thomas Woooford, Efq. lVilliam Wynne, Efq. j’ohn Willis, Efq. Deputy 7ohn Walling- ton. Mr. Daniel Wehh. Thomas liVood, Efq. 7ames thitchurch, Efq. Thomas fi/alton, Efq. ' Book I. Servants helonging to Chril‘c’s-Hofiiital. Mr. :7ohn Bowdcn, Chief Clerk. . Mr. 7ohn Keely, Under-Clerk and Receiver. Mr. ‘Walter Wall, Surgeon. , Edward Roherts, Apothecary. Richard .March, Wardrobe-keeper and Allifi- ant Clerk. . - Mr. 707m ‘A/hton, Steward. 7ames Hodfon, F. R. S.’ Mal’ter of the Royal Mathematical School. ' Rev. yames T ownley, A. M. Grammar-mailer. Rev. j‘ames Penn,- A. M. Under Grammar— mal’ter. _ . .Mr. Thomas Smith, Writing-mafier. Mr. 70hn Young, Mufick—malter. Mr. Alexander Cozens, Drawing-mailer. M? Ydhomas Maurice, School-mailer at Hert- or . Mr. George Hathaway, School—mailer at Ware. Mrs. Anne Ca/tle, Matron. ' Mrs. Sufan Lucas, Girls School-millrefs. St. BARTHOLOMEw’s HOSPITAL. THIS ,Hofpital is incorporated by the Name How incor- of the Hofpital of the Mayor, Commonal— Pom“!- ty of the Citizens of London, Governors for’ the Poor, called Little St. Bartholomewk, near to W cfl—Sntithfield. It , was erected for lick and Erefled for maimed People; where great Care is taken of Sid? “dd them, and all Necefl'aries for Food, ; Lodging, Mame ' Attendance, Phyfic and Medicaments proper for their Cure, adminil’tered‘: For they have good able Phylicians and Surgeons provided, belong- ing to the Hofpital, who give their confiant At- tendance, as ‘Occafion requires : And they have Matrons and Nurfes, to look to them, and to fee that they have what is convenient. p There belongs alfo to the Hofpital an Apothe- cary, to provide and prepare what the Phyficians dire€t. And the Difeafed "are duly vifited by them in the Wards where they are lodged, every ‘Morn; j‘ing and Evening, as there is Need: Every one having a Bed to himfelf. And, by the Care of the Matrons, the Wards are always kept clean and neat.] - It formerly belonged to the Priory of St. Bar- The ancient tholomew in Smithfield, founded by one Rahere, Founda‘i‘m an ingenious Gentleman belonging to King Henry therwf' I. founding it about the Year I 102 ; and he was :7. S. himfelf the firl’t Prior. It was governed by a Mal’ter and eight Bre- thren, and four Sifters, to take Care of the Poor of the {aid Hofpital. - Both Priory and Hofpital were dill‘olved under King Henry VIII: Who, in the lal’t Year of his Reign, founded the Hofpital anew, and gave 500 Marks per Annum towards its Maintenance. _ King Edward VI. was a chief Benefactor to it, as was Ihewn before. But to give fome more particular Account of The ancient the firl’c State of this charitable Foundation; and, SW39?“ afterwards, of the more modern and prefent Con- gfcigiiaahd dition of it. It was founded for the Relief of an Ordinances Hundred Poor and Sick of the City of London, for St- Bf!" by the aforefaid K. Henry VIII, endowing it with tea/0W 5-‘ the Yearly Revenue of five Hundred Marks, conditionally, that the City alfo, .for their Part, lhould add other five Hundred Marks by the Year; which Thing with all due Thankfulnefs they received at his Majelty’s Hand, and em: braced the Condition. But, when the City took a Surveyof what was given by the King for this ~ Yearly Sum, they found the Railing of this 500.- Marks Rentqto he only in certain Houibs, fome in great Decay, and fome rotten and ruinous -, and fome, to which better Tenants had happened, already leafed out at Terms and Rent, l‘carce 2 realm-1- ' [Tad/77g, Lé/wwsp \ m J‘mth/yfzgch dccordixy tot/(cc 577” d/‘é’dfllfillt/br aim/f Jarvfy y Chap. The Citizens Diligence in fettling it. The Number of the Cured. TheCity pub- lilhes the firlt Orders and Overfeers of this Hofpital. rid. 0rd. and XXVI. reafonable for the Behoof of the Poor; fo that for to make them again worth the wonted Reve~ nue, and then to continue in the fame, was no {mall Charge. Penfions alfo were iliuing out. of the 500 Marks, and granted by Letters Patents of that King to the Hofpitaler there, and to other Minifiers of the fame. ,In the Hofpital itfelf was found only f0 much Houfhold Implement and Stuff towards the fuc— couring of thefe Hundred Poor, as fulficed three or four Harlots then lying in Childbed, and no more : So much had the godly Meaning of that King been abufed in thofe Days. The Citizens neverthelefs were not difcouraged with the evil Doings of others, and the great Fall of their Hopes, but provided, with what Speed they could, to the Redrefs of the Decays, Diforders, and De- faults, and befiowed thereabout not much lefs than a Thoufand Pounds; whereby in King Edward’s Time it came to fuch a Point that it was fit to receive the Number, and to fuccour them with all NecelTaries requifite; and accordingly received them, and maintained them. But, within five Years after the Citizens had the Care of this Hof- pital, they were, and that even in Pulpits, ex— claimed againfi‘, as if they had wronged this Cha- rity, by this mil’taken Suppofition, that this Hof- pital lhould have made a general Sweep of all Poor and Afflicted, as though the City had abu— fed this Charity; and [0 for their Care were re.— warded with nothing but open Detraétion. In this Seafon, notwithflzanding, were healed of the Pox, F if’tula’s, filthy Blains and Sores, to the Number of eight Hundred; and thence fafe delivered, that others having Need might enter in their Rooms; befides eight Score and twelve that died there in their intolerable Miferies, which might have died and flunk in the Nofes of the Citizens. Upon this Slander fo widely fpread, it was thou ht good by the Lord Mayor, as chief Patron and overnor of this Hofpital, in the Name of the City, to publifh at that Time who were the Overfeers and with the Orders by him appointed, and from Time to Time praétifed and ufed, by twelve of the Citizens molt antient in their Cour— fes, for the Redrefs and Stay of fuch Slanders ; andthat it might be an open Witnefs unto all Men how well Things were adminifiered there, and by whom; and likewife to excite all well difpofed Perfons more and more to bellow their Charity here. And becaufe thefe Men that thus fpake againi’t Ordinancesin the Managery of this Hofpital, endeavoured to theAppendix. Governors and Olficers. Governors. ftop any further Charities and Gifts towards it, fuggefiing that there was enough already for this Hundred of difeafed People to be looked after -, it was declared that the City, of their endlefs Good- will towards this mofl: neceITary Succour of their poor Brethren in Chril’c, although at the firl’c they . feemed bound to the preeife Number of an Hun- . dred, and no more, wilhed all Men to be molt afi'uredly perfuaded, that, if by any Means pofli- : ble they might, they defired to enlarge the Be- nefit to a Thoufand. At this firit Erection the Hofpital was taken ' Care of by two Ranks of Perfons, viz. Govero nors and Officers; which latter were hired for Wages to have the necefl‘ary Doings in the Ser- vice of the Houfe. I. The Governors, among whom the Lord May- or was the chief Patron. The Others were fo changed, that the one Half remained two Years in their Governance. And they were in Number twelve, who were placed there by the Lord Mayor, whereof four were Aldermen, the Refidue Com- moners, thus named: The Prelident, always the Senior Alderman. . Surveyors four, two Aldermen, and two Com- ,rnoners, St. Bartholomew’s Ila/pita]. Almoifners four, one Alderman, and three Commoners. The Treafurer, a Commoner. Scrutmers two, both Commoners. 207 II. Officers continuable or removeable, as the Officers. Governors fhall find Caufe, and were thus called: I. The Hofpitaler. 2. The Renter Clerk. 3. The Butler. 4. The Porter. 5. The Matron. 6. The Sifiers twelve. 7. The Beadles eight.- There were alfo three Surgeons in Wages of the Hofpital, giving daily Attendance upon the Cures; and a Minil’ter, who was the Vifitor of Newgate according to his Office and Charge. The Governors were always elected by the Lord Mayor and his Brethren the other Gover‘ nors, who Yearly elected fix; that is to fay, two Aldermen and four Commoners, who were ad- . mitted into the Hofpital after this Manner: The whole Company of the twelve old Governors, fita ting in Allembly together, caufe their Clerk to read unto the fix newly elected their Charge. That done, and the newly Elected confenting, and yielding themfelves to the Charge, the half of the Governors, that had fulfilled their two Years Governance, f’tood apart; and the other half that: remained with the new Elected, took them by the Hands after their Degrees, and fo admitted them; and, before they parted, all dined together, as well thofe that came anew as thofe that had governed their Time; and 'thofe that remained, every Man at his own Coll: and Charge. Now for the Charges of St. Bartholovnew’s, as The Charges it was in the Reign of King Edward VI, there were 0‘ the PM?“ certain Charges and uncertain. Under the una certain come the Monies laid out for Shirts, Smocks, and other Apparel for the Poor; for Sugar and Spices, for Caudles for the Sick, Flax for Shirts, and Weaving of the fame, Cloth for Winding‘ Sheets, Bowls, Brooms, Bafkets, Incenfe, JuniJ per Alhes to buck their Cloaths. Alfo Money given them at their Departure -, which is meafua red according to their Journey and Need : Which uncertain Charges amounted one Year to the Sum of Sixty Pounds. The certain Charges arofe from the‘Yearly Wages and Fees of Oflicers and Servants, and the Charges of Houfhold, Reparations, {9°C. ‘ Wages of Oficer: and Servants. l. s. d. To the Hofpitaler IO 00 06 To the Renter Clerk 10 oo oo To the Butler 0.6 I 3 04. To the Cook 06' oo 00 To the Porter 06 00 06 To the three Surgeons 60 00 no To the eight Beadles 26 I 3 04 And for Liveries 10 oo 06 To the Matron and 12 Sifters:1 26 06 . 08 T o the Matron for her Boar Wages, at IS. 6d. per. Week. } 03 I 8 0° Twelve Sifters for their Board Wages at rs. 4d. per Week, 40 12 00 each . 4 . To the Matron for her Livery '00 I 3 04 To the Sifters for their Livery - 06' oo 00’ T 0‘ the Minil’ters of Clorz' ’3» Church by the King’s Afiigfn- merit ; that is to a , a i- . car, a VifitorofNewgate, five l 106 0° 0° Prielts, two Clerks, and a Sexton Yearly ‘ — To the Miniflers of the Church‘ with-in the Hofpital, by. the fame Aflignment, that 15 to > 2 3 06 08 fay, to a Vicar, a Clerk, and a. Serrton- - . .. 03 04: G g g Brought St. Bartholomew’s Hofpz'toi. _ _ . l. s. d. ‘ fort and Succour of them, during the Time of Brbught over 342 03 o4 ‘ your Office, be committed to your Credit and To certain Men of Law, and ‘ Charge. And this to do we-require you faith- other Perfons given in Fees 0 00 ‘ fully to promife in the Sight of God, and Hear- by the faid King’s Majefizy, 4" ‘ mg of your Brethren. And fo (101% we here Yearly by Patent ‘ admit you into our F ellowfhip.’ - And lo likewife had allthe Officers, fuperior _ Charge: of Hon/bold. and inferior, their refpeEtive Charges, in a certain For the Diets \of 100 Perfons 00 06 08 Form of Words given them, but too long to be _ at 2d. per Day - , 3 here fet down, as they remain in an old Book, , For 68 Loads of Coals at 163. } 08 00 fet forth in King Edward VI’s Reign, called Or- : 1’” Load . . [54' tiers and Ordinance: for the oat/or Government of the For Wood Yearly 24 oo 00 Hofloz'tol of St. Bartholomew the left : Which may For Candles Yearly .05 oo 00 be found in the flppendz‘x. , _ , For Yearly Reparation of the There was alfo a pious Form of-Thankfgiving, , Hofpital and Tenements ap—E 40 oo 00 which the Difeafed being cured, and to be dif- ‘ pertaining to the fame charged the Hofpital, were to repeat upon their ' . —— -—"‘ Knees in the Hall, before the Hofpitaler and two . Sum 0f the Charges certain 794 02 0° Mailers of the Houfe at the lealt, having learned ,. __ it without Book accordino to the Hof italer’s ‘ Toward tgcbWhlih 1:]? S Effigy 06 08 Charge 5 which, being fo dbecent as well is pious \ gegélgim Y t e ‘mg 5 333 an Act, I cannoft forbear t1} infert: _ _ . ‘ We magni and rai e thee, O Lord, that A Thankf. ’ And by the mfg: Ergdowment }333' 06 08 ‘ f0 mercifully 3nd favlhurably halt looked upon giYing ‘0 be 0f the C“), 0 L0” .0” ‘ us, miferable and wretched Sinners, which f0 53‘ng the ~ "fi— c hi hl h if d a th Divine Ma'ea * th ‘ ”if‘d’ In the Whole 666 13 04 g Y 3V3 0 en e Y J Y: at when cured . . v . . -_ ‘ we are not worthy to be numbered among thy and difcharg— So the Hofpital was charged] ‘ elect and chofen People. Our Sins, being great ed- Yearly of certain, befidesl ‘ and grievous, are daily before our Eyes. We uncertain, Expences, over >127 Q8“ 08 ‘ lament and are forry for them, and, with for— and above the Sum of theirl ‘ rowful Heart and lamentable Tears, we call ' Revenues J I, ‘ and cry unto thee for Mercy. Have Mercy Which only arofe from the Charity of certain ‘ upOn us, 0 Lord, have Mercy upon us, and merciful-Citizens. ‘ according to thy great Mercy wipe away the , Of the Antiquity of this Hofpital, fee more in ‘ Multitude Of our Sins 1. And grant US ROW, 0 the Defcription of Farringdon Word without, in ‘ Lord, thy mOPC h01Y and working Spirit, that, which it is feated. ‘ ,. t ‘ fetting afide all Vice and Idlenefs, we may in . It may not be amifs to relate the Form of the ‘ thy Fear walk, and go forward in all Virtue Charge beforefaid, that was ufed to be given to ‘ and Godlinefs. ‘ , the new Governors, when they were admitted. ‘ And, for that thou halt’moved, O Lord, The whole Company of the - twelve old Gover— the Hearts of godly Men, and the Governors nors, fitting in Afi‘embly together, caufed their of this Houfe, to {hew their exceeding Charity" . Cvlerlcutowread, unto the Six newly elected the towards us, in curing of our Maladies and Charge hereafter following: Difeafes, we yield, .moft humble and hearty The Charge . f‘ ‘It'may pleafe you to underfiand, that ye are Thanks to thy Majefiy, and'fhal-l inceffantly ”the COM“ “ here elected and chofen, as Fellow Governors nors. I ‘ of this_Hofpital, to continue by the Space of two Years. By all which Time, according to fuch laudable Decrees and Ordinances, as have "been, and {hall be made, by the Authority of the Lord —Mayor, chief Patron hereof, in" the - Name of the City, and the Confent of the-Go— _;_finefs,fet‘,apart, as much as you poflibly may, ~ ye ihall endeavour yourfelves to attend only upon thenfiedful Doings of ghis Ho-ufe, withvfuch a loving and careful Diligence as fhall become the/faithful Minilters of God, whomye ,chiefly in this Vocation a‘re‘appointed to ferve, and’to N whom for your Negligences or Defaults herein “ye {hall render an, Account; - For trulyiye‘ can- not be blamelefs before God,_if, after you have ~ fet Hand to thisgood Plough, and. promifed your Diligence to the Poor, ye fhall, contrari- , vernors for the Time being, all your other Bu— ' laud and praife thy molt holy and glorious. Name, befceching thee, m6f’t gracious and mer- ciful Lord, according to thy holy Word and Promife, fo to ’blefs thine own Dwelling—Houfe, and the faithful Minifiers thereof, that there be here found no Lack, but thattheir Riches Name may thereby be the more. praifed and hflfiflhflfififlflflflflfifl Glory, World without End. flmen.’ v This Hofpital now contains two fpacious Courts Their Courts; for the Harbour of thefe Poor, Sick, and 'Maim-‘Their Hofpi- ed. .There is alfo a Building belonging to it,”1s abmad' called, The Prcfla’ent’s Building, for Cutting of: :the Stone; , They have alfo an Houfe in Kent, Street, . in Soutnwnrk, and another at Kingflond .inthe} Parifla of Hackney.» ~Befides, there are many. other Patients, on, whom is- befiowed the Cha-f :rity of their Medicines. ~ ' glorified; to whom be all Laud, Honour, and ' and Subftance may increafe :' That thy holyv‘ Near an hundred Years ago. this ,Hofpital Synofifi - . (2 maintained aprt three Hundred poorfdifeafedS‘PaP‘Jh-P ~ '3 .People, 'at theyeatl-inharge of 2000'}. i . .. ‘ ,' Althngll thiS'Iinpifal whollyeka 'dfthe _lalie.The great fdreadful Fire in 1666, yet a great iPart’of it:s.'R‘~‘1icf admi' . wife,tur_rr.your Head backward, and not per- formthetstlccour that Chriltlooketh for at yOur Hands, and hath witnefl’ed to be done to him— felf, with thefe Words, What/never ye do to one of tlaefi nerdy Per/on: for my Name’s Sake, the fame niflersd..in. a o a a 0 II»OI 0(0 a .-1\ A Anch,h“n ’31.,“ a n n n ' ye do unto me. And controrz'wzfe, 2f ye neglefi and dcflz'fe them, ye defgz'fe mg, - ‘ We therefore require and defire every'of you, on God’s Behalf, and in his mof’t holy (Name, that ye endeavour yourfelves, to the‘ belt of your 'Wit and Powersifo to comfort, order, and govern this Houfe, zandthe Poor thereof}: that at the lalt Day ye may appear before they}? ace of God,..as true and faithful Stewards and Dif- _ pofersofallvihch Things, as {hall for the Com— : 0:: ' ' ' III 0‘ 0 G 0 0 Revenue, beingin’ Houfesin London, ..fu&'ered much thereby. Nomithfianding,‘ fuch hath beem the Care of, the Governors,- the Diligence and) ;Indufiry__of_ the Phyficians_,.and; Surgeons, and? LEthe Supplies, of feveral good Benefactors; that? therc,have been Yearly. received, imhe're many' maimed and lick Seamen and Soldiers, with other; difeafed; ~lPer‘fotis from, ‘divers Parts - of the. King’s Dominionshand form: from foreign Parts; and imany cured, and relieved with Money andwotheir . ‘ l ece - this-treated." Chap. XXVI. Necefl'ariesat their, Departure, befides their Diet and Lodging during their Cure. ' x ' TheNumbers' By comparing the Cures here~done in feveral hire *2“wa Years pafc one with another, and the confiant c an cm ' Numbers that are harboured here, 'a new Ef’ti- mate may be given of the annual Charges of thisHofpital; for,’one Year with'another, there are feldom lefs . than fifteen HundredPerfons cured, and feldom are there lefs in it than two Hundredand fifty 'Perfons.‘ ' “ ' - This Hofpitalfihath within thefe few Years bhenenlarged .by a new Ward, built of Brick and Stone onflPart of the Churchyard, ,fianding upon Piers tor Pillars ; under which are Shops whichtfrontthe common Pafiage, called T he long _ Walla, .betwixt this and Chri/l—Chureh Hofpital. ‘The late true Report, viz. flnno 1717, inform- ed us, that this Hofpital hath been lately enlarg— ed. byfeveral new Wards built; and fo made ca— pable of receiving a much greater Number of Igatients than .formerly, whereby the confiant annual Charge thereof is much increafed, and the ordinaryRevenues thereof are much leiiened hy‘.the'.dreadful Fire; and fo becomes a very fit Objeft of. the Charity of all good Men, towards preferving the Lives of many miferable People, whoiotherwife muft perifh.] , . To this Hofpital. divers honourable and other worthycharitable People have contributed their Benevolence; and .toifignalife the fame, and to put others in Mind to ibllow fo good an Exam- ple, the Governors haveithought fit to have their Names fairly wrote with a Penfil in Oyl, .on both Sides of the public Paffage, from Smithfield to Chri/l Church Hofpita‘l, at a convenient Height fromthe Ground, to be read by Paifengers. A new Ward built. Several new Wards built. '7. s. Benefaflors. R. B. [Benefafiors to St, Bartholomew’s Hofpital'.’ - .. r . l. s. (1’. Mr”. Henry WhlZa/ton, Draper -' 040 oo oo Mtg-Errtreatment-fr10orec oo Mrl Edward Harviji, Brewer — 025 00 '00 Mr. Nicholas Stile, Grocer - — — 005 00 00 new are Deere-Tram co co Sir 7ohn Lyon, Grocer - - - 025 00, ,oo ' Sir Wolfian Dixie, - — p— — 050 00 '00 Sir '1’ homes Cainhel, Ironmonger,»— 005 00 00 Sir 7ohn. Swinnerton,"Merchant- or ' Taylor- -_ __ _}‘o oo 00 Sir Thomas Hunt, Skinner - — 025 00 00 Mr. Peter Blundel, Clotthrker ,-. 350 00 oo Mr..Gaius Newman,..Goldfinith — 006 13 04. . Mr. 7on7: Newman, Grocer --' - - 006 00 00 Mr._’_ Richard j‘aeoh, Vintner, by 002 00 the .Year — ,'-'.i-- — .— . - OO Mrpj‘ohn Berryntan,.C10thier - - 005 00 00 Mr. 7ohn Ireland, 1 Salter, — - V - 004.: 00 00 Mr. Francis Erington, Merchant-v 010 00 0 .".Taylor —.V -'. -m— - - l 0 Mr. Henry Butlert, Draper - - 005 00 00 Mr. Peter Hall, Draper _ «4 '- , 003 00 00 Mr. George. Chainherlazn, Iron,- }oo"5 00 00 monger - - - — --,- — Mr. _‘.Z'homar Church, Draper - - v— 005 00 00 Mr. Hugh Coppe, Plaii’terer '- - .- 010 00 on Mr; Randolph Wolley, Merchant; } oo 00 Taylor -.r. .. ? -. — . 33' 00 Mr. Henry Waleot, Grocer .- —"- 020 00 00 Lady Mary Ramfey , - - —-I , QIO oo 00 Mrs. flnne Whitino're - ;-, -‘3 .-, 0.60 00 00 Mrs. 'Margaret Hadley -. - - '7' 050 00 00 Mr.. ohnKendrie/e, Draper -v- 050 —oo oo Baptiflv Lord >Hich5, Vichunt.},10'6 00 00 Camhden. . ‘ ' All thefe‘ were before the Year of our'Lord .1633c- - ~ L ' . ‘ ~ St.. Bartholomew’s Hofpital. 2.0.9 St. Bartholomew’s [Io/Loire! within the In]? Tear, 2207318, had thefe good Friend: and Bene- 7. s. l. . Dame Sarah Pritchard, - - - 100 do so Samuel Shepherd, Efq; - - - 100 00 oo ,PVillianzNutt, Efq; — _ - oro ,, Chri/lopher Mtfgrave, Efq; — — — 2:0 (3: :3 William Dalhy, lifq; — - — - 100 00‘ oo 70hr: Houhlon, Efq; — - - t - 200 00 no William Haj/tins, Efq; ----- 020 00 ,. on Befides fome fettled Annuities by Mr. Paul 7am: and Mr. Williamflllen. ' I The Governors, Anna I 691 , repaired and bean- tified this Hofpital, and in the public Paffage through the fame caufed the Names of their B: nefaétors to be fairly written. ‘ I In this Hofpital of St. Bartholomew’s, as alfo that of St. Thomas in Southwar/e, not only poor People of the City and Southwar/r, but the dif- trefled of any other Parts of the King’s Domi‘ nions, ‘ and from foreign Countries, are taken in, and taken Care of; and, when they depart, receive Money and other Necelfaries, to carry them to their refpeétive Parifhes or Places of Abode. The Revenue of this Hofpital is not iufiicient TheRevenuet Who are an keh in here. ‘ to fupport above the Moiety of the Charge of the Whole, contingent Charities being, lately much leffened. . i This was theAccount of the State of this Hail The State of pital given in, in the Year {704. 7 _ '. '59:“ 33°{Pitals Cured and dif harged from the Hofpital the mm" ‘704‘ laf’t Year, of wounded, fick, and maimed Per« fons, as-well Soldiers, Seamen, as others, two Thoufand two Hundred and, fixty-four. ' Buried, one Hundred and fixty—five. ' Remaining under Cure, three Hundred and fixty-three. The State of this Hofpital, in the Year 1705, ftood thUS: 4 Cured and difcharged from this Hofpital, two Thoufan’dtwo Hundred and feventy-four. Buried, one Hundred and fixty-fix. ‘ 'Remaining under Cure, three Hundred and feventy—three. . The Condition of St. Bartholomew’s Hofpital, An- from the «Year, 1705 to 1706, as it was publilhed, was thus: . j . . ’ , Cured, arid difcharged from the faid Hofpital of wounded, fiek, and maimed, Soldiersand Seamen, and‘..other difeafed Perfons, two Thou— fand two Hundred andeighty~ti2vo. _ _» x Buried, one Hundred‘andfortyofevem _ Remainingunder Cure,jthree,Hundred_r-, and, feventy. . , ""5 And from as it was given in, The State of it, Anne 1705.? i706. Eafler.1706,.tq -Eafl,er_1797,_rthe An. 1707. State of it was thus reprefented anddbrought in : Cured and difcharged from “this Hofp‘ital, two Thoufand two Hundred and ninety-three. Buried, one Hundred and forty—one. . Remaining under the Charge of the faid Hof- pital, three Hundred and feventy—one. Some few Years after, viz. at Eajler, 1711, An. the Account brought in flood thus : Cured and difcharged thence, two three Hundred and ninety-feven. Buried, one Hundred and eighteen. Remaining under Cure, three Hundred and fiXtYofiX. The Year 1717 thus: Cured and difcharged, Hundred and forty-five. Buried, two Hundred and Remaining under Cure, feventeen. Cured the ‘laft Year 171 8, 1711; Thoufand An. two Thoufand feven i717; feven. five Hundred and and difcharge‘d the An {9%. from 1718. Hofpital, of wounded, lick, maimed, , - feveral St. Bartholomew’s Ho/lhital. feveral Parts of the Kingdom, and foreign Parts, three Thoufand and eighty-eight. Buried, one Hundred ninety-eight. Remaining under Cure, five Hundred and, thirteen. v The Prefident of this Hofpital, Sir William Stewart], Knt. and Alderman. The Treafurer, Peter yoy, Efq; Dr. Henry Leoet, Dr. Salt/bury Cade, Phyficians. St. Bartholomew’s Hofpz‘tal the State of Anna I754- ‘ There have been cured and difcharged from St. Bartholomew’s Hofpital during the laf’t Year fix Thoufand feven Hundred and three poor, wounded, maimed, lick, and difeafed Perfons; many of whom have been relieved with Money, Cloaths, and other Necefl‘aries, to enable them to return to their feveral Habitations, fix Thoufand {even Hundred and three. Trulfes given by a private Hand, Seventy- four. ~ Trufi'es given by the Hofpital, F orty-three. Buried this Year, after much Charge in their Illnefs, two Hundred and eighty. Remaining under Cure, at the Charge of this Hofpital, fix Hundred and forty-nine. So that there have been durin the hit Year and now are, under the Cure of this Hofpital, of poor, lick, and lame Perfons, deititute of all other Relief, in all, {even Thoufand {even Hun- dred and forty-nine. This Hofpital being the molt ancient Hof- pital in the City of London, and the Suburbs thereof, and having efcaped the great Fire in the Year 1666 : The Buildings whereof were by Length of Time become f0 ruinous and dan- gerous, that in the Year I 729 there appeared to be an abfolute Necefiity to rebuild the fame. And a Subfcription was then enteredinto by manyof the worthy Governors, and other charitable Perfons, for defraying the Expence thereof, upon a Plan then prepared, Containing four detached Piles of Building, to be joined by Stone Gateways about a Court or Area: Three Piles whereof have been erected and finifhed, by the Money ‘ arifing from the Subfcriptions and the Benefac- tions of the Governors, and Other charitable Perfons, iven for that Purpofe only. One 0? the faid Piles doth contain a large Hall, for the Refort of the Governors at general Courts; a Comptingehoufe for the Meeting of the Committeesvof Governors, for the Difpatch "of" the Bufinefs of the Hofpital ', feveral Rooms for examining, admitting, prefcribing for and difcharging the Patients, and other necefi'ary Of- fices. The other two Piles do contain Wards for the Rece tion of the Patients and their Nurfes only; 0 that the Hofpital, being f0 con- fiderably enlarged, doth now entertain four Hun- dred and twenty Patients within the fame, befides fixty-fix Patients in the Lock and King/land Hef— pitals, and a great Number of out Patients. But as the coni‘tant annual Charge of main- taining and relieving the great Number of poor, now under the Care of this Hofpital, much ex- ' ceeds the Revenues thereof, which is likewife greatly leliened by the Fall of the Rents of the Houfes belonging to the Hofpital ; the charitable Aflii’tance of all Perfons is therefore humbly de- fired to enable the Governors, not only to {Up- port the prefent Charity, but alfo to accomplilh the further Enlargement thereof, there not being yet fuflicient Room to admit all the Poor who daily apply for Relief : A Charity f0 necefl'ary for preferving the Lives of many miferable Perfons, ' who might otherwife perilh, were it not for that Relief, which, by the Blefling of God, they daily receive from this Hofpital. 3 Book I. A Li/t of the Governors of St. Bartholomew’s Hofln'tal, London. The Right Honourable the Lord-Mayor and; Court of Aldermen. The Right Wo‘rfhipful 7am Blachford, qu, Knight and Alderman, Prefident. , 70hn Tuf, . Efq; Treafurer. The Dukes of Somerfet. Beaufort. Bedford. Marlborough. The Earls of Arran. Aylesford. Burlington. Clarendon. Gower. Litchfield. Macclesfield. Oxford. Thanet. Sandwich. Shaft/bury. Hil/borough. The Lords Ward. Bathur/l. Fever/ham. Windfor. Folk/tone. Carpenter. Wenman. The BiIhop of London. Aldermen Sir 7ohn Barnard, Knt. Sir Richard Hoare, Knt. lVilliam Benn, Efq. SirRob. Ladbrooke, Knt. Sir Wm. Calvert, Knt. john Blaclgford, Elq. Francis Cc/eayne, Efq. Sir Geo. Champion, Knt. Sir yofleph Hankey, Knt. William Baker, Elq. Robert Alfop, Efq. Sir Crifoe Gafcoyne, Knt. Edward Ironfldc, Efq. ‘j’honzas Katalin/on, Efq. Stephen Theodore 7anflhn, Ef Sling/(by Bethell, Efq. Mar/he Dickinfin, Efq. Charles Agill, Efq. Sir Richard Glynn, Knt. Thomas C hilt}, Efq. ~- Matt. Blacki/ton, Efq. Samuel Fludy'er, Efq. Robert Scott, Efq. .. Mlliam Beckford, .Efq. ‘j‘ohn Porter, Efq. -———- Alexander, Efq. Sir 701m Abdy, Bart.- Beniamin Adam/on, Efq. Ralph Allen, Efq. Arthur Annefley, Efq. - Chri/lopher Arnald,~vEl'q‘.' Mr. Deputy :7on .Aylzf. Sir Ant. 9‘ ho. Aba’ Bart.— john Aflleck, Eli); .- . Mlliam Alexander, Efq. Rev. Mr. Stotherd Abdy- Barnahy Rockwell, Efq. Mr. William Backwell. Sir Walter - Wag/inf Bagot, Bart. - Dr. iohn Bomber. Sir Ric. War Bamfield. Mr. Henry Banks. Robert Barbor, Efq. Edward Barker, Efq.’ Dr. William Barrowby.. I‘Matt. Beachcroft, Efq. Ofmond Beavoir, Efq. Mr. Walflngham 'Beazle}. Thomas Beckford, Efq. Norbourne Berkley, Efq. Mr. Thomas Bigg. Mr. Richard Blunt. Mr. Richard Boddicott‘. ‘ Edmund Boehm, Efq. Mr. Hugh Bonfoy. Thomas Bram/Ion, Efq. Mr. Richard Bridgman. Mr. Francis Brownfmith. Mr. George Bryant. Edward Buckley, Efq. Richard Buckley, Efq. « Thomas Budgen, Efq. I Mr. Samuel Bridgman. Mr. Ba/il Brown. Claude Bofanguet, Efq. Mr. j’ohn Butler. ' Mr. Uppingto‘n Braa‘c. Felix Calvert, Efq. Richard Copper, Efq. Thomas Carew, Efq. Mr. Robert-Carr. Rich. Chamberlyn, Efq.‘ Mr. 7ohn Champion. Sir j‘ohn Chapman, Bart. Pl/illiam Chapman, Efq. Mr. Richard Charlton. Mr. Charles Child. Stephen Child, Efq. Samuel Clark, Efq. Mr. Benjamin Cleave. Mr. Bouchier Cleave. 7ohn Conyers, Efq. William Coach, Efq. George Cooke, Efq. Colehrooke, jun. Efq. .Mr. fie/21$ Cooke. ' Mr. William Cooper. Mt. 70hr: Cardinal], _ 7ohn Cqflns, Efq. Sir Wm. Courtney, Bart. * Simon Crane, Efcp . ‘ .. Sir 7mm Creed, Knt. Mr. Colwallader Coker. »Mr. Thomas Crazicr. ‘ George Clarges, Efq. Sir» Charles Chsfler. ; Mr. Thomas Chadwick M rr Henry-Crank. Charles Crofi, ,Efq. . Hammad Cmfli, Efq. Sir‘foha quflé, Bart. , Amhro/ir Crawly, Efq. ' 70hr: Crowley, Efq. T CharlestCutts, Efq. _. 7ohn Hindc Cotton, Efq. r Nath. Caflleton,jun.Efq. 70? Spencer Colman, f . q Mr. ‘lxl‘lll li HIm—H ‘11 “II II HT: (777/ 7%(1/1717717/711/1 E7rrm/ (M7 (770 {7021mm / £077.77», Met» [filer/cw/Ewwe 4007771 / (La/MW 7 7177/7777; 77 777 7 (J1mwuny./‘?alfwnfif;d/Jv zéa 1 25/71.” wflwfi w gqf/M {fig/WWW 30f. Az / bi£17057€075m 4 777: \d” dwé/m" [flf’ ,Jgr/c (226% 7/9 M/cmufmmuy 10 /hl;a/d Xs W " 75721775514 { / 40277151 1112/ all 504. [n : : IIIII‘HIII .IIIIIIIIIIIIHIIIIIIIIIIiITIIWWW—Tlll—“m —7 Ulliififlfllu a», i” ‘ w "W m»;- 1337‘“! Chap. XXVL Mr. yohn . Darker, jun; - Philip Dela—Haize, Efq. Mr. Charles Dolhy. Mr. George Dance. \ Sir yames Da/hwood, Bart. - Theo. Dillingham, Efq. Amhrofle Dickens, Efq. ' Samuel Dicker, Efq. Mr- Rohert Dingley. Dr. Pierce Dod. PVilliam Drake, Efq. ‘j’ohn Dupree, Efq. .. . j‘ohn Eaton, Efq. 1 Mr. 7onathan Ellys.‘ . ‘ Mr. Hunt Everet. - Mr. 7ohn Eyre. Mr. Tobias Eyefome. Mr. :flfwh Eyre. Sir Cordell Firehrace, Bar. Nicholas Fazakerly,Efq. Coulfon Fellows, Efq. hVilliam Fellows, Efq. Thomas Bu/hel Fettiplace, Efq. 7 . IVilliam Finch, Efq._ Mr. yohn Fi/her. Mr. Nathaniel Fletcher. Mr. john Freke. Mr. Henry Fynes. Brice Fifier, Efq. Mr. Thomas Fludyer. Dr. Edward Ferrant. Mr. Benjamin Gafcoyne. . Thomas Garrard, Efq. Edward Gihhen, Efq. 7ames Gihhe, Efq. Edward Gilhert, Efq. Mr. Charles Gi/hy, Thomas Godfrey, Efq. Peter Godfrey, Efq. j‘ofiaph Goodman, Efq. Francis Goul/lon, Efq. . Sir Charles Goring. Mr. Philip Gra ton. Dr. Maurice Green. Thomas Green, Efq. Mr. Thomas Grzfith. Sir Roh. Grofvenor, Bart. Mr. flnthony Gifhrd. Mr. Stephen Guion. Edward Gilhert, Efq. 'Chzyier Moor Hall, Efq. Mr. fienathan Hall. ‘john Hall, Efq. Capt. 7ofeph Hall. l/Villiam Hamilton, Efq. Sir Thomas Hankey, Knt. Thomas Harri/on, Efq. Dr. Gideon Harvey. Mr. yohn Haflhl. Mr. Thomas Haflfel. Mr. kVilliam Hayton. 7ohn Hawkins, Efq. Charles Hedges, Efq. Mr. Timothy Helm/ley, Mr. Leonard Henchman. 7ames Heywood, Efq. Sir Henry Hicks, Knt.. .Michael' Hillerfden, Efq. Peter Hind, Efq. . Mr. PVilliam Hufliy. Henry Hall, Efq. . Mr. PVilliam Harris. Hon. Rohert Harley. Henry Hoare, - Efq. Mr. 7ames Hodges. ‘ Mr. William Hogarth. Mr. Richard Holland. St. 'Thomas’s Ho/pital Mr; Mark Holman. f70hn Horne, Efq. Mr. Deputy Chri/lopher - Hor/Enail. jacoh Houhlon, Efq. Mr. yohn Howell. Vanfittart Hudfon, Efq. Mr. 7ohn Hankin. Mr. William Hart. William Harvey, Efq. Rohert j’cfis, Efq. Edward 7ennings, Efq. Mr. j‘ohn Innocent. Mr. William Innys. Mr. William yohnfon. john 70m , Efq. Mr. Daniel Ire/on. Sir Edmund 17ham, Bar. Mr. Samuel 7ohn. Mr. Wm. Prior 7ohnfon. Valentine Knightly, Efq. Mr. kVilliam Knight. Dr. William King. flnthony Keck, Efq. - N! r. 70hn Lane. Mr. Daniel Lanzhert. Mr. Peter Lammas. Dr. Matthew Lee. Mr. Thomas Littler. Mr. Dep. 7ohn Lloyd. Richard Lockwood, Efq. Mr. yohn Lowe. ., William Lowndes, Efq. Sir j‘amesLowther,Bart. Stephen Law, Efq. Richard Lijler, Efq. Mr. Thomas Leonard. Francis Lea, Efq. Mr. Rohert Meal. Bolton Mainwarring, Efq. Miles Man, Efq. Mr. 7ohn Markham. Thomas Martin, Efq. Mr. Rohert Mackey. 7ohn Mafon, Efq. Mr. George Mddleton. Sir Nathaniel Mead, Bar. Dr. Richard Mead. Mr. Deputy Richard Mollineux. ‘lVilliam Moreton, Efq. William Morrice, Efq. 7ofeph Mugrave, Efq. - Dr. yohn Monro. ~. Moflas Mendez, Efq. George Montgomery, Efq. Maine, Efq. Mr. “john Mofely. Mr. Deputy Geo. Nelfon. ' Mr. George Newland. Mr. William Newland. Richard ZVicholas, Efq. William Noel, Efq. Mr. George Napier. 7ohn Parker, Efq. Mr. 7ohn Perkins. Mr. Richard Peers. Mr. Philip Perry. Sir 7ohn Phillips, Bart. Edmund Pitts, Efq. Dr. Pettyward. Mr. yohn Pi/ior. 7ohn Phillips, Efq. Charles Pole, Efg. ; Almhrofe Powis, Efq. Sir William Beauchamp Proti'or, Ban. Thomas Prowfe, Efq. ' Mr. Deputy Pyecrofi‘. Mr. 7ohn Pope. Mr. Potts. ‘ William Quilter, Efq. Sir f7ammet Raymond. Mr. fames Randal, jun. Mr. yonathan Ra/hleigh. Dr. Richard Rawlinfon. Mr. Thomas Redhead. Mr. Richard Reily. Mr. Thomas Ridge. Henry Rowe, Efq. T homas‘Roycroft, Efq. Mr. William Ruflel. Mr. yohn Saflory. Mr. Peter Sainthill. Mr. Samuel Sandiforth. Charles Savage, Efq. Mr. William Savage. Philip Scarth, Efq. Mr. William Salkeld. Mr. Wm. Southerhouje. Mr. Tho. Southerhoufe. Richard Screen, Efq. George Scott, Efq. Mr. Rohert Scott. Dutton Seaman, Efq. Mr. Samuel Sedgewick. Thomas Sergifon, Efq. Mr. Richard Sheldon. William Sheldon, Efq. Mr. Richard Symmonds. Mr. :7ames Singar. Mr. William Sitw'ell. 7ohn Skey, Efq. Mr. Dep. 7ohn Skinner. Samuel Skinner, Efq. l\/Ir. Thomas Skipp. Mr. Edwards Smith. Charles Smith, Efq. Mr. Francis Sparrow. Mr. 7ames Sperling.‘ William Stewart, Efq. Rohert Surman, Efq. Henry Sperling, Efq. 'Mr. Thomas ”Spencer. Humphry Sydenham, Efq. Edward— Steven/on, Efq. Mr. William Stevenfon. yohn Thornton, Efq. Chriflopher Tower, Efq. Thomas Tower, Efq. .drthur Trevor, Efq. Mr. Richard Turner. Mr. .Michael Turner. Whichcot Turner, Efq. Francis f7ohn Elyfon, Efq. Sir Charles Kemys Tynte. Sir 7ohn T errel. Mr. Randall Took. flrthur Vanflttart, Efq. Mr. George Verney. Edward Vernon, Efq. Mr. yofl’ph Vere. 7ames Vere, Efq. Mr. George Vincent. Mr. Dep. Giles Vincent. St. Thomas’s' Hofpital. ’ H I S Hofpital is feated in the Bordugh T but in the City’s Jurifdiétio S outhwark, Mr. Rohert Vincent. Samuel Underhill, Efq. Mr. William Uf/horne. Mr. Edward U/horne. Mr. 70hn Wallis. Mr. 7ames Walton. Mr. George Wai/ifield. ' Mr. Ifaac lValdo. Mrs Deputy 17m Wall lington. Mr. ‘fohn Waflh. Mr. yohn Walton. Mr. kVilliam l/Vatts. Mr. Daniel Wehh. Mr. 7ohn Weyland. Mr. Mark Weyland; Mr. Samuel White. Mr. yames Wilkes. Capt. Thomas Wilkin. 7ohn Willis, Efq. Mr. Edmund Wileocks. ' Mr. George Wyla’. Mr. Francis Wilfon. Mr. 7ames Wilfon. l\/Ir. Richard Wilfon. Mr. Rohert Wilfon. Mark kVinn, Efq. William Withers, Efq. Thomas Wood, Efq. Mr. Thomas Wyld: Wagge, Efq; Rev. Mr. Rowland San: diford, Vicar. Phyficians. Dr. Pierce Dodd. Dr. [William Pitcairne: - Dr. Rohert Pate. Mr. Tho. Rohinfon, Ape; thecary. Surgeons. V Mr. 7ohn Freke, F. R.- S.- Mr. Edward Near/2’; - F. R. S. ' Mr. Percival Pott. Aflifiant SurgeOns. Mr.- Stafiord Crane. Mr. Rohert Young.- Mr. Thomas Grifiths. ‘ Mr. 7ofep’h Wehh, Sure geon and Guide to King/land Hofpital. ' Mr. j‘ohn Town/hend; Surgeon and Guide to the Lock Hofpital. ‘- Rev. Mr. Penwarne, Chaplain t0 King/land Hofpital. Rev. Mr. kVil/bfl, Chaps lain to the Lock Hof-‘ pita]. Mr. yohn Tims, Clerk. Mr. Charles Blandy, Steward. Thomas Nicholl, Renter, Wm. Clutterhuck, Pérter. Eliz. Browning, Matron.- and is properly to be fubjoined to that of St. Bartholomew’s, being a1 {0 appropriated for the Cure of the lick. and maimed poor People, which are thither fent from the feveral Parts of the Kingdom, by Certificates from the Church War- dens, and other 'Pariih where they dWCll : received, and Care taken of them, fubi’cantial Inhabitants of the And are accordingly as. at St. Bar- tholomew’s, m of its Foufiaa: t 4 2 1‘2 Lime/3 I’apzflr. Repaired or rebuilt. R. B. . Damaged by Fires. Some Part re- built very fplendidly. Other Wards to be rebuilt. y. 5. Numbers of Perfons cured. St. Thomas’: [Jo/[him]. tholomew’s, until cured, or rel’tored to Health, if curable. ' . . It is under the fame Governmentwith the former, and was incorporatedwith Chrijt-Chureh.] It was reckoned about an hundred Years ago to maintain three Hundred poor Difeafed, with the Charge of about 20001. by the Year.] . This Hofpitalr being very old was not long fince rebuilt with more Conveniences, and far more handmee than formerly ; the firfl; Stone being laid by Sir 7ohn Fleet, in his Mayoralty, and the Work carried on by the Generofity of feveral worthy Perfonsw Although this Hofpital did wholly efcape the Fire of London, Anna 1666, yet a confiderable Partof the Revenue lay in feveral Houlbs in Lon- don, which were deltroyed thereby, which much impaired its annual Revenue. And, again, this Hofpital fultained very great Lollies by three other great Fires which happened in Southwark ; and fince that in London, viz. one in the Month of May, 1676: Another in 710%, I681 : And, a Third in Septemher, 1689. But, notwithl’tanding thefe confiderable Loll‘es fultained, yet the Go— vernors in the Years 1693 and 1694, finding moltof the Buildings of the faid Hofpital very old, low, damp, and very incommodious for the Reception of the fick and wounded Perfons, did begin to build 'anew fome Part thereof ; f0 that in the Year 1694 they had expended, of the Governors free Gift, near 20001. and were Anna 169 5’ l’till purfuing the fame Building, not upon the old Foundation, which now' is finilhed, be— ing a very curious Struéture, all of Brick and. Stone. .The Court—Room, l’tanding upon Co~ lumns of Stone, between two Court—Yards -, round about which are Wards and Lodgings for the lick and maimed Patients : So that the Whole Charge in the Building this Hofpital came to many thoufand Pounds] 7 And, even while the Buildingwas carrying on, the careful GovernOrs, to their Praife, maintained the fame, or a greater Number of Patients than before. There are, fome of the .old Wards {till to be rebuilt, which cannot be accomplilhed with- out the/Aflil’tance of charitable Perfons. This was the Condition of this Hofpital fome Years ago, but now molt of thofe former Build- ings, Very old and. incommodious for Patients, are rebuilt, chiefly by the Governors themfelves, and f0 capable of many more Patients than be- fore. But the Yearly Revenue is not fuflicient to anfwer the conl’tant annual Charge of f0 great a Number. _ Abundance of poor Creatures have received Cures here. In the-Year 1694., there went out cured one Thoufand eight Hundred and twenty— . four Perfons; few Years, lefs than a Thoufand State of this Hofpital. Anna 1704. Anna 1 7o 3. Amie r706. ‘ or fifteen Hundred. In the Year 1704, the Account given in of the State thereof was as follows : . Cured and difcharged from this Hofpital, of wounded, lick, and maimed Soldiers, Seamen, and other difeafed Perfons, two Thoufand eight Hundred and feventyvfeven. , . ,‘ The State of this Hofpital .the Year I705was thus given in z. . Cured and difcharged this Year, two Thou- fand fix Hundred and thirty-eight. The Condition of St. Thomas’s Hofpital from the Year 1705 to the Year 1706, as it was pub—' .lilhed by the City,” was thus _ , Cured and difcharged from this Hofpital, of wounded, lick, and maimed Soldiers and Sea- , men, and other difeafed Perfons, two Thoufand . five Hundred and ninety-two. _ .. ; , Buried, one HUnd‘red andtWenty—lix. Remaining under gCure, three Hundred and fifty-nine. ' u g I Bgok I. .And, from Ea/ter 1706 to Eajter17o7, this 1717201707- was the State thereof: ' , _ y . . Cured and difcharged fromthis Hofpital the lal’t Year, two Thoufand eight Hundred and twenty. , . ; . , Buried, one Hundred; and feventy-four. Remaining under Cure, three Hundred and fixty-two. Some Years after, viz. Anna I71 I, were Cured and difcharged, two Thoufand nine Hundred. ‘ . . ' Buried, one Hundred and eighty-five. , Remaining under Cure, four Hundred and fifty-five. ‘ ', ' The two lafl; Years 1717, 1718, the Condition} Am 1717. of the Hofpital l’tood thus : . Cured and difcharged from this Hofpital, three Thoufand four Hundred and ninety-one. Buried hence, two Hundred and fix. Remaining under Cure, five Hundred and forty-one. , Cured and difcharged this lall: Year 1718, of Anna r718. wounded, maimed, lick, and difeafed, :of the City, and other Parts of the King’s Dominions, and foreign Parts, three Thoufand fix— Hundred and eight. _ ' ‘ ' . L Buried, two Hundredand lixteen. k. ' _ Remaining under Cure, ‘fiVe Hundred and fixty—lix. , ' ‘ Benefaflor: to this Hoflbz'tal. 44727101711: 1.» d. (1. Mr. Edward Harris, Brewer - - 025 00 '00 Sir 7019;: Lyon, Grocer - -‘ - 025 00 00 .Sir Wolfton Dixie - - - — 050 00 ‘00 Sir 70hr: Watt, Clothworker - - 020 00 00 Sir Thomas Hunt, Skinner - — 025 00 00 Mr. PViZh’am Lamh, Clothwork- er, for ever by the Year - - 004‘ 0° 00 Mr. Peter Blandel, Clothworker — 250 . oo 00 Mr. Rich. 7acoh, Vintner, by the} Year - - ‘ - - - , 002' 0°. 0° Mr. George Palme, Merchant-Tay- . . lor _ _ _ _ _ _ _ }o5o 00 00 Mrs. flnne Whitmore - — - - 020 00 00 Mrs. Margaret flndley - y -‘ - 050 00 00 Mr. 7ohn Kendrieh,_Draper - ~ 050 00 00 Dr. Mead, late one of the Phy— - I ficians here -. - - - i100 00 00 that ' follow. Sir j‘ohn Lethieallier, Knight - Legacies, in the Year. 1718, were thefe 100 00 00 Samuel Shepherd, Efq; ’- . - - 100 00 00 Mr. 7ofeph King - - - ~ - 100 00 -oo Dame Sarah Pritehard - — - 100 00 00 *Mr. f7ohn Hihhert - - - i- 050 ,00 00 Gifts by worthy Perfonsi then living. Sir Thomas A’hney, Knight and AL 2 derman, Prelident - -' 0° 0° 2° SirHareoart Ma/terr, Km. and Ald. 050 00 00 The Hon. Spencer Compton, Efq; ' ' Speaker of the Houfe 'of }o52 IO 00 Commons, ‘ 7ohn Hop/tins, Efq; -‘ - - — 050 00 00 Mr. Thomas Shearing, - - ,- 0 50 oo oo 7ofeph Pace, Efq; _- — - - 020 00' 00 St. Thomas’s Hofin'tal the pres/Bent State, Anno , I754-9 ' The Number of Patients in this Hofpital, in theYear 1750, was {even T houfand five Hun— dred and fifty-fix. - In 1751, feven Thoufand four Hundred and fixty-one. . ‘ .. , J In. 17 52., eight Thoufand and ninety-two. But Sir Robert Clayton, Knight and Alderman Sir Roher! 'of London, was the large& and noblelt of all 0/37”” Ben" modern Benefaé‘tors, as appears by the Inlbrip- fafim‘ tion upon his Statue in the Middle of the fecond Court, \f; i IIIIIIIH ‘ . ‘1? \\ .III .1 III 7(0qu fr: Jag/é”) I _,_,_.__‘-———— I II I I ( )flfr ’ I I“ . \ V I I]. , J, / III ‘ ”I,” ‘i‘ I l I, u I , I ‘ \\ \ \ \~\ \\ \ \\\ V W I ‘\ l \\ l‘ H I, ,1]. MW \ I" W \ I I." 1-, I“, \II\\I\ I I) I] ' u ‘ \ “\x ,m A ,A \_‘.~ w I\ H y \ ' .___ IIIII ,r' I 'I 1/ 51..” 1 ,1. ' . lap/L) l u" I! ‘1 u WEN I \\\\l "5111,, " NW '“ ,_ I )U I II“! If”! H ”WW . I \l I I “m“ V :1 : \ H. [I \ l /I' III/I ‘ \HI "Nu. IIW’W“ \ WW ”I ' I,‘ II' I - I , II I. “II - "n. /' "I ’ l// I,“ “I z. . \\ \ I. ’ "v' I M ' ‘ 1/ {MI "I I ',U’ I I” ' _ - > ' v . I/I’IIUV//"” ”MI “W" \m. IN” MI” ,/ II/I IgIII‘I-iju “Lam-W) {3“ H H "flu—‘1.) m. . , ”III/1,,“ H \ ., M, II / x I x 'II I,I.’I"III""""""" “ \ “"""" ’I”’I’ . ' r II \\\\\\\\ ~ , 1‘" \II\\\ \ I‘ W )" 'II" ‘ I1 \\ \ \\3—\\\\3HW)/;W/ } ' :- ‘MN )I, \\ \.. fixtW—l;§‘\\\, I": , \\ V WWII "IIIIIII‘MI IIIIIII. \ ; //’/”\ W ’I// -~x~ m\ III/7,7 I \I \wxy . , \ rié-jflw .I. )m .. . an [‘5', ”I in, ‘II' filly/II H l . “7 'l I H \ Ill/[7],, [#qu 2‘ é ' w' af/I’II' I . I/IIIIIIIIIII II” _ __—. . ‘_ _ . .\ :; \\\_ \\ I m ,I ,, , /”l I‘ ‘ I um I II’ . . -‘ ‘ _ . . \z I I I] I ’, If”, ‘I ‘1- [II III/IIIIH/ / ' ‘ " :3 ‘ 1 ‘ ' j ' ~§ ' 5?. “HA "1 :r—Zgfi;- " ’IZI’ZI’I’I’II’V'" I. : V ~ ”ML 3" I!" ‘II‘ HUI/u] : - - , III/IIIIIIIII/III _a- W l ,. 4‘ : _. “II II II ‘:— ' . "" ’ r??? I/fl/ ’ ‘: ‘ ‘ ' If“ ‘ .. III II I, » w II WI IIIIIIII- II.- I I , ' / #4 "I“ . ..... __ // 8“ / r __ > _ : A _. . M ~\ / l I I / v I ll\ , A I: ' " l’ "p " / ' x a\ .‘ \ — ‘ / — \‘ (I‘d , V - ‘ ‘\'I~ - \\ (h n] \ _ \ \k ;| \\\ fk‘x’n‘ ‘ I in“) ‘ / F— I ‘\‘\‘N\‘\‘ :.\\ 1‘ l |v\ --—-—'~==, ) M I T > ~- - "— -vsv ,‘ ,y ‘ ’ :1} I ,I I I, I, ! [I ‘ II I/ III/ , 4, ; I ‘ ,, 'I’ I I ‘ / /, l 5 '1' ’ I. I , , I / l I‘ : III I} I I . . i I | / , I ' I l . E- d / ‘ l 1 I .é‘é';E I I II I I I I I I . ;/ ' ' I ‘4/ I : I/ ,/ ,V [I j , , fl J ' 51/; I, I; , {I I ta: 9‘ f/ I 5/ ’/ 7 , , I“ I, II I , I 40007” 7 tom-fl;fzw'W’ 75:5 or I tow/Jr JW ”2' II . ,- ,, j . , \ .flmfl/ I ’ II, \ ”I I, II I“, I“, I’M/m 01,,” ”11“,”, Chap. . ficiendam, Lihras primum DC. erogavit ‘vi'zms. Et Builders in the fitfi; Court. Antiquities. T.S. XXVI. . Court, fet up by’thc GOVernors, While alive, in grateful Remembrance of him to Pofierity. He is in his Habit as Lord Mayor, holding a Char- ter in his right Hand. " it is railed round; and on the Pedel’tal on the north Sideit hath this In-‘ fcription : ' ’ ‘ ‘ ‘ ‘3 , ROBERTO CLAYTONO Equiii, in Agra Northamptonienfi. nai‘o, Civi Londinenfi, €93 Ur- his exam, hujus Nofocomii Preefldi, novi Paupe? rum Ergafluli Viceprzefidi, f5)“ Fauiori henefico. Qubd in Magi/ham [emper aquus, Patria, ‘iLihertatis, {afgfidei reformatee Vindex fuil‘ acerrimus : Quéd prater "alia Liheralitatis filee‘ erga egenos Monumenia Puellarum in Chri/liOrphanoirophi-o Cuhiculum fuis fumptihus extra-i curanii‘: filed ad han‘c, Domum re- infuper ‘MMCCC. T eflamenio legavir : Oh tania viri Marita, hanc Slas‘uam, guam Honoris caufa vivenii pofuerant Nofocomii Curatores fln. Dom. MDCCI. in Memoriam moriui decor‘a'oeruni, fln. Dom. MDCCXIV. ' On' the fouth Side, on the Pedeltal the fame inElféé‘t‘ in Engli/h.: viz. ' ‘ To Sit Roheri‘ Clayton, Knt. born in North- ‘ amptonflaire, Citizen and Lord Mayor of Lon- ‘ don, Prelident of this Hofpital,‘ Viceprefident ‘ of. the new ‘VVorkhoufe, and a bountiful Bene- ‘ faé‘tor to it, a juft Magiflzratehand brave De— ‘_ fender of the Liberty and Religion of his " COuntry. Who, befides many other Inftances ‘ of his Charity ’to the Poor, built the Girls ‘ Ward in Chrifi’s Hofpital, gave firf’c towards ‘ the rebuilding of this Houfe 600 l.‘ and left by ‘ his'lafi Will 23001. to the Poor of it. This' ‘ Statue was credited in his Lifetime by the Go— ‘ vernors, An. Dom. MDCCI. as a Monument of ‘ their El’teem of f0 much Worth 5 and, to pre- ‘ ferve his Memory after Death, was by them ‘ beautified, Ann. Dom. MDCCXIV.’ On the weft Side of the Pedef’tal is his Coat of Arms, fupported by two Boys with Wings. The firl’t Court enjoys the Benefit of two Other Benefaétors, being built on the north Side, con- taining three Wards, by Thomas Guy, Efq; Citi— zen and Stationer of London, a worthy Governor and bountiful Benefaétor to this Hofpital, Anno Dom. 1707. On the fouth Side containing alfo three Wards, by Thomas Frederick of London, Efq; a worthy Governor and liberal Benefaé‘tor to this Hofpital, An. Dom. 1708, as the Infcrip- tions on each Side exprefs. ‘ Of the Antiquities of this Hofpital, fee more in the Defcription of the Borough of Saulhwark, in which Part it l’tands. ’ There have been cured and difcharged from St. T homas’s Hofpital in Southwark, this lal’c Year, of wounded, maimed, fick, and difeafed Perfons feven Thoufand three Hundred and forty-eight, many of which have been relieved with Money and Necefl'aries at their Departure to accommodate and fupport them in their Jour- nies. to their feveral Countries and Habitations. Buried from thence this Year, after much Charge in their Sicknefs, two Hundred and for- tyofeven. Remaining under Cure, at the Charge of the laid Hofpital, {even Hundred and fourteen. .80 that there are and have been this Year of poor miferable Objeéts under the Cure of the {aid Hofpital, and defiitute of other proper Cure, in all, eight Thoufand three Hundred and . nine. ’ There are nineteen Wards,,and four Hundred and eighty Beds. The Number of Perfons conl‘tantly relieved in this Hofpital being f0 large as from the above \ "Si.- Thomas’s Hajjoitoi. V Phyficians and Surgeons and other requilite' Ali“ liftance, occainns a great and continual Expence, l and the annual Income of 'the Hofpital, whicl’l/ was never fuflicient to defray the Expences‘ there-“ of, is now greatly lefi'ened by' the Fall of the' Rents 'of Houfes, and, many being empty, and the Hofpital, as alf‘o the Houfes thereuntobelonging‘ frequently requiring large Repairs and Rebuild-r mg, the whole certain Revenuefa'lls ihort of defraying the necefl‘ary Charges; and yet, by that Bounty of pious and well difpofed Perfons, this Charity has not only been long fupported, but." much increafed in the Number of Patients ad- mitted into the Hofpital. It is therefore hum; bly recommended to all charitable PerfOns that they. will be pleafed,'to enable the Governors, by their Contributions", to go on in relieving the? Dil’trefl'es of the maimed and difeafed Poor, fo that they may be made ufeful Members of the Public. .4 Li/l of the prefent Governors of St. Thomas’s' Hofpiial, in Southwark, I754. The Right Hon. Thomas Rawlinfon, Efquire, ' _ Lord-Mayor. Sir 7ofeph Hankey, Knt. and Alderman, Prefident. A L D E R M E N. 2.13% and other annual Accounts appears, the Provifi- ons of Food and Phyfic, and the Care of able . . 3 Barnard Sir 7ohn, Knt. Hoare Sir Richard, Knt. Benn William, Efq; Ladhrooke Sir Rah. Knt. Cal'vert Sir [William Knt. Blachford f70hn, Efq; Champion Sir George, Knt. Baker PVilliam, Efq; A’lfop Roheri‘, Efq; Gafcoigne Sir Crifp, Knt. 7anflen Stephen Theodore, Efq', , Mlliam Mount, flnfon Lord George, Rt. Hon. flynfworth Rowland, Efq; Avery Dr. Benjamin. Adams Mr. PVzlliam. fldams Mr. fumes. Atkyns Edward, Efq'; fllix Gilhert, Efq; Alkinfon Samuel, ,Efq; Blackwell jonathan, Efq; BlackhournekVilliam,Efq; Brook/hank Stamp, Efq; Bance 7ohn, Efq; Baker Mr. George. Benfon Bryan, Efq; Beachcrofl‘ 7ofeph, Efq; Bartholomew Dr. Hum- Phra- Brent Mr. Edward. Brijlow 7ohn, ,Efq; Bell Mr. Humphry. Burrel Peter, Efq; Budgen Thomas, Efq; Beachcroft Matthews, Efq; Burrell Meyrick, Efq; Banhury Mr. Richard. Bray Mr. Thomas. . Booth Daniel, Efq; Brooks Mr. Thomas. Baker Mr. 701m. Brown Mr. Philip. Brown Mr. Thomas. Bird Elias, Efq; BigotMr. Peter. Beauois Thomas, Efq; Braund kVilliam, Efq; BurconBari‘holomew,Efq; Bethel Sling fhy, Efq; Dickenfon Mar/h, Efq; flflgill Sir Charles, Knt. Glyn Sir Richard, Knt. Chilly Thomas, Efq; Blackijlon Matthew, Efq; Fludyer Samuel, Efqfl; Scot Roheri‘, Efq; ' Beckford William, Efq; Alexander William, Efq; Porter, 701m, Efq; Bridgen William, Efq; Efq; Treafurer. Barnc .Miles, Efq; Belchier William, Efq; Bryant George, Efq; Buxton Mr. Charles. Barker Edward, ‘Efq; Brafléy Nathaniel, Efq; ‘ Boifier Mr. fi’ohn. Blakey Mr. Henry. Bowley Mr. Devereux. Black Mr, William. Baril Mr. Lewis. Baker 'Mr. john. Bofanquet Claude, Efq; Brown Mr. Hinton. Brooke Mr. Richard. Burdett Mr. Thomas. Butler Mr. Henry. Bull Mr. Frederick. 'Bowlcs Mr. 701m. Clay Mr. Richard. catty roan. Equ Cooper Francis, Efq; Copeland 7ohn, Efq; Creed Sir ~j’ames, Knt. Chauncy Richard, Efq; Collet Samuel, Efq; Chifwell Richard, Efq; Chauncy Mr. Charles. Craijicne Francis, Efq; Cole Mr. Nathaniel. Crefpigney Philip, Efq; Chafe 7ohn, Efq‘; Calvert Felix, bfq; Clayton Sir Kenrick. Crop Richard, Efq; Clarmont Matthew, Cafiell Mr. fi'ohn. Cotton Ma“. Thomas. Efq; Cock/hurt 214- cat/ca; Mr. Timothy. Cookfon Mr. 7ohn. Chapman Mr. Richard. Clayton William, Efq; Chlehrooke yames, Efq; Chefley Dowell. Crofier Mr. Thomas. Crouch Mr. john- Coe Mr. William, Copeland Mr. Peter, Garner Mr. yohn, Colehro'oke George, Efq'; Devon/hire William, His. . grace Duke of. D'elme Peter, Efq; Ducane Peter, Efq; Dillingham T heo. Eli]; Drury Sir Thomas, Bart. Drake Roger, Efq; Delme yohn, Efq; Dekewer j‘ohn, Efq; Dalton Richard, Efq; Deane Mr. Michael. Dixon Mr. Edward. - Dawfon Thomas, Efq; Dingley Rohert, Efq; Da'oy Mr. kVilliam. Dinely Mr. Thomas. Dicker Samuel, Efq; Duckett Thomas, Efq; Edwards Vigerus, Efq; EdwardsThomas, Efq; Egg‘leton Sir Charles, Knt. Elliot Mr. 7ohn. Edwards yohn, Efq; Erles Styles Sir Francis Haflins, Bart. Edwards Mr. Eleazor. Eaton Peter, Efq; .T Prederick Sir yohn, Bart. Fergufon Rohert, Efq; Frederick 7ohn, Efq; FawknerHOn. Sir E‘ver- ard, 'Knt. Frederick Charles, Efq; Fofler Mr. Peter. Fullerton you”, Efq; FranklandFrederick,Efq; Fawthrop 7ofeph, Efq; Feake Samuel, El'q', Fonnereau Thomas, Efq, French Geoflry, Efq; Fonnereau Zachary Phi- lip, Efq', Fetherflon Matthew, Ef q; Fletcher Mr. Thomas. Fauguier kVilliam, Efq; Folkes William, Efq; Fether/ton Sir Matthew, Bart. Frederick Mtrifco, Efq; Fi/her Mr. Brice. Fludyer Mr. Thomas. Farnworth Mr. William. Feverall Mr. Rohert. Fi/her Mr. 7ohn. Grafton His Grace the Duke of. Gower. Rt. Hon. 7a” Earl, Lord Privy Seal. . Gcwer Hon. Wm. Le- ’Ucf/htt, Efq; Garland Nathaniel, Efq; Gough Captain Charles. Gardner kVil/iam, Efq; Godin Mr. 7ames. Godfrey Thomas, Efq; .. 2 ‘ St. T homas’s [To/pita]. 'Godin Mr. Stephen Peter. Gan/en Peter, Efq; Greame Mr. T hom’as. ‘ Godfrey Chamhrelan, Efq; Girle 7ohn, Efq; :Grofi’ Mr. Edward. ’Gihfon Mr. j‘ames. ‘Gardi'ner Mr. 7eremiah. Green George, Efq; Grove Mr. Siloanus. Grand 7ohn ~7ames, Efq; Gurnel Mr. T homas. Hardwick The Rt. Hon. Lord Philip, Lord High Chancellor of Great—Britain. Heathcote Sir 7ohn, Bart. Heathcote George, Efq; Hawes Francis, Efq; Hulfi Sir Edward, Bart. Haw-es Thomas, Efq; Hayward Mr- jfohn. Hume Alexander, Efq; Handley Samuel, Efq, Hankey Sir Thomas, Km. Hopkins 7ohn, Efq; Harri/on Mr. Roher. Hollis Mr. Timothy. -. ‘Hina‘e Peter, Efq; Handhury Mr. john. Honeywood Frafer, Efq; Hunt William, Efq;, Hollis Thomas, Efq; Hyam Mr. Thomas. Hammond William, Efq; Harding Nicholas, Efq; Henckell, T ilman, Efq; Hagan Mr. Godhart. Hickman Mr. f7ames. Holmes Mr. Richard. Hayward Mr. Thomas- Haize Mr. ‘Philip, de la. Hillhoufe Mr. Ahraham yames. ‘ Hilton Mr. Rohert. Henckell 7ames, Efq; Hume Abraham, Efq; Heacock Mr. Thomas. Hargrave Mr. yohn. , Hankey 7ofeph Chaplin, E'f ~- (1, Hayter Mr. Geoqe. 7ackfon Richard, Efq; yacohflan Theodore, Efq; fones Samuel, Efq; julian Mr. 7ohn. ‘ Yocelyn Sir Conyer, Bart. forces Mr. 7ohn. yones Mr. Rohert. 7ackfon Mr. Rohert. Ingli/h Mr. 7ames. 7efler Mr. Mlliam. 7ames Benjamin, Efq; 7ones Mr. Ohadiah. Kent Samuel, Efq; Keynton Mr. Deputy. Knox Ralph, Efq; Knapton Mr. 7ohn. Kruger Mr. George. King/cote Mr. Rohert. Lockwood Richard, Efq; Lowther Sir fames, Bart. Leflngham Samuel, Efq; Locke William, Efq; Lewis Percival, Efq; Lamhorn Mr. 7ames. Lamh 7ames, Efq; Lateward Richard, Efq; \ Lamh Matthew; Efq; Lanca/hire 7ohn, Efq; Longuet Benjamin, Efq, Lloyd Henry, Efq; Lock 7ofhua, Efq; Lovick Rohert, Efq; Launder Mr. 7ohn. Lant Rohert, 'Efq; 'Langford Thomas, Efq“, Linwood Nicholas, Efq, Lock 7ames, Efq; Lidghird 7ohn, Efq; , Long Beeflon, Efq; Lehook Mr. Ronjat. Louhier Mr. yohn-Lewis. Louhier Mr. Henry. Lewis Thomas, Efq; Lidderdale 7ohn, Efq; Lane Thomas, Efq; Lefevre Mr. yohn. Longton Edward, Efq; London Samuel, Efq; Leapidge Mr. William. -Macclesfield The Right Hon. George Earl of. Montford The Rt. Hon. Henry Lord. Mad Sir Nathaniel. Martin Thomas, Efq; Mtchell Mr. 7ohn. Mayer Benjamin, Efq; Mailman Henry, Efq; Moore Mr. William. MuflZ’l Ehenezer, Efq; Mar/h Rohert, Efq; Martin Edwin, Efq; Mertins7ohn-Henry,Efq; Mawhood Mr. Col/ct. Mead :7ames, Efq; Mee Mr. Benjamin. Mount Mr. john. Maudait Mr. 7.2a”. Illinyer Mr. yohn. Montgomery George, Efq; Motteux Mr. Peter. Martin 7ofeph, Efq; Mount Mr. 7ames. Major Capt. yohn. Marlow 7eremiah, Efq; Magens Mr. Nicholas. Newcajtle His Grace Thomas Duke of. . Newnham Natha. Efq; Newnham Thomas, Efq; Norris Henry, Efq; Newnham Nathaniel jun. Efq; Nettleton Rohert, Efq; Neal Mr. Edward. Nicholfon Samuel, Efq; Newdigate Mr. 7ohn. Nightingale, Mr. .Miles. On/low The Rt. Hon. Arthur, Efq; Speaker of the Hon. Houfe of Commons. Ogden Edmund, Efq; Parker Lord. Page Sir Gregory, Bart. Papillon 7ohn, Efq; Plummer William, Efq; Page Thomas, Efq; Paul Rohert, Efq; Pit George Moreton, Efq; Pincke Mr. Edward. Prat 7ofeph, Efq; ‘Pouchon 'Mr. 7ofeph. Plant Henry, Efq; V Book L‘ Pur/E' Rohert, Efq; Pari/h Edw. Clark, Efq; Payne 7ohn, Efq; Proctor Sir Wm. Beaue champ, Knt. Palmer Mr. William. ,Payne Edward, Efq; Palmer Charles, Efq; Quilter William, Efq; ’Rudge Edward, Efq; Reynolds Mr. ffohn. Ridge Mr. Thomas. Ryder Sir Dudley, Knt. Ruflil 7o/eph, Efq; . Raymond 7ohn,‘ Efq; Ricards Richard, Efq; Reynolds William, Efq; . Rawlinfon Mr. 7ohn. Ranhy 7ohn, Efq; Roufe Thomas, Efq; Radclzf Edward, Efq; Rifles Rifle, Equ Rooke Mr. john. Rich Hon. Sir Rah. Barc.’ Radford Mr. Daniel. Ruck George, Efq; Rondeau Mr. Cyprian. ' Rooke Mr. Giles. Rohinfon Henry, Efq; Ricards Mr. Samuel. Samhroke Sir :7er. Berg. Scawen Thomas, Efq; Shaw 7ofeph, Efq; Snell Mr. PI/illiam. Smith yo/hua, Efq; Stiles Mr. Thomas. Sheaf Alexander, Efq; Savage Charles, Efq; Strode PI/illiam, Efq; South 7019”, Efq; Sperling Henry, Efq; Sanderflon Edward, E'fq; Selman Lifler, Efq; Sawhridge 7ohn, Efq; Shifiner Matthew, Efq; Steavens Edward, Efq; Skynner Stephen, Efq; Sherwill Mr. Benjamin; Streatfield Mr. T homas, Sutton Mr. Richard. Sa‘vill Thomas, Efq; Smith Mr. Samuel. Smith Mr. Daniel. Stephenflzn Edward, Efq; - Shzfner Henry, Efq; Stratton Richard, Efq; Smith 7ohn, Efq; Swith j’ohn, Efq. Small john, Efq; Sargeat yohn, Efq; Scott Mr. Thomas. Scott Mr. Samuel. Smith Samuel, Efq; Smith William, Efq; Tower Thomas, Efq; Thrale Ralph, Efq; Tower Chriflopher, Efq; Torin Mr. Samuel. Thompfon Sir Pet. Knt. . Town/end yofeph, Efq; T onfon Yacoh, Efq; Truman Mr. Thomas. . T ownfiend. Chauncy, Efq; T heohald Peter, Efq, Titnor Mr. Noah. T on/on Richard, Efq; . Theohald ‘7ames, Efq; _ Taylor Mr. :7ames. Tucker '11 .35: ‘ 2‘ ~ u 12.- .. ~WW“ 3‘" 7,: - 7 / 1/2 //// _ -.»-; A...‘r ‘~-_~_: ‘ :\ Aixaf-xf .’,,_—, _._,_ -_.._,_..-_ n m , 1.4.1. 4...,“ ,4 ,, , fihap, XXVI. Wat'fim Mr. 705], pothecary. particularly of this, applying himfelf to the Ro- “film ”727mg; Dr, Edward. - 'Mr. final/van ng/g, maui/l‘: that’boait‘e'd of their Hofpitality : ‘Look 22:: 31%” Walfaa Mr_ ‘fljomar. Steward. ‘ into London, faid he, what Hofpitals be there jug" Weller Mr. flora/9am. Mrs. flame Pearce, Ma- ‘ founded in the Gofpel Time. The Poor in- Wayland 701m, Ef‘q; tron. . ‘ deed relieved; YOUth godly brOught up; and Wee/fer Mr. RanrtL ‘ the Idle fet to Work: Papery w'ould,f0metime, ‘ , B . d M [l H 1‘ ,' 1 ‘ feed'the‘Hungry, but feldom‘ Correét the un«. . 7” e “1" 0 Plta -’ ‘ profitable Drones, that lucked the Honey from Bridewell, for '1? this Houfe fo’mething was {poke before; ‘ the labouring BCCS; nor bring Up Children in Harbour and having been anciefitly the London Houfe r. the F6211“ Of God: But'to fill thC Belly, and 0rk-. for the ‘Kings', where they often removed their ‘ not to teach Virtue, is to increafe Vice. Well :7. S. . Courts from Weflmz'u/ter; till, being in Decay, ‘ wOrth’Bridewell,‘ therefore: For it is a good and long difufed, King Edward VI. gave it to ‘ SC11001-’ , . . the City, ’in the” feventh Year of his Reign. " This a Right Reverend Bilhop of Bur/9am {'pake. ‘ . It is feated near to Blackfriars ', . from Which to OPPOfC his POPifh Adverfary, WhO had pre— r it is fevered by the Canal of Flagpdz'tcb, It Was ferred the Times of Popery before thofe 0f the‘ Obtained of the King, at {id}; for an Harbour 'Of Gofpel, becaufe of the Hofpitality of their reli—. poor harbourlefs People, that lay abroad in the gi‘o‘u’s Houfes. - ‘ 4 _ Street. L It was foon after improved to be a ,Another, .who wrote above an hundred Years" Emmi/1 Workhoufe, not only to give Lodging to poor, ago, giv'eth this “Account of Bride-well : That in‘ aboman hm“ idle, Wandering 'Perfons, Beggars and Others ,‘ it were an hundred poor Children trained up, ‘2er Years. but to find them Work, to help to" maintain belides many other Perlbns kept at Work. )Syiz..Papzf/a. themfelves. But, though this was granted in the _ This), and thfi three other HOTPimlS, WCFC Year 1553, yet it feems, it was ,not before two thought to fpe’nd, “by charitable Gifts upon the Years after, tllat the City entered and‘took P011 POOP, abOUt IOOOOl- yearly-‘ feliion of it by .Gerard their Mayor, having‘ob; ' In Bridewell, at the City’s Charge, were bUIlCGranaries tained Q15” Mary’s Confirmation. ‘ ‘ in thofe Times twelve new Granaries, fuflicient’bmlchm’ .5 Mill for In the Time of (me Elifaaetl), about the to contain lix thoufand CLuarters of Corn -, Work at Year 1570 and odd, one 701m ‘Paiu, a Citizen, and two Storehoufes, which might hold four‘ Brzdmwl- invented a Mill to grind Corn; Which he got Thoufand Chaldron of Coals, for the Provilion f Van Rixtell Mr. yoke. Bridewell Waldo Mr; Timothy. ' Watfou'Tbomas,-Efq-, ‘ ' Weba‘PlJil. Carteret, Efq; Willy William, 12121, ‘ Wilkes filamflEfq; Weulaam 70/971, pEfq; - W'ilfou .Mr. Samuel. William/bu Mr. Thomas: . PVordfworl‘l) Samuel, Efq; Woodward Mr. ‘Rielaard. " ' We/l Ml‘. Thou/lax; Tucker yoke, Efq‘; Thomas Peter, Efq; "' Thomas Mr. Thoma-5. ‘ Thornton 70/972, Elq; . Tom/tins Mr. Hardiiig. Turner Sir 70bit, ,Bart. Vau Nee/e Sir 70f. Bart. Unwiu Gent, Efq, _ Vaudewall Mr. Samuel. Vane Walter, Efq; Huieital that fhould be taken up in, thofe Wards r. and three or four of, a greater S‘Ort for Bridew‘ell ”the Brzdge—boufe, and LeadeuI-laa‘ll. V‘V’h'at Ill‘ue, this had, I cannot tell. . ‘ ' I {hall make a Note of one Thingfin‘ this" Old Records Place 3 That, long after this Home of Bridewell r was given away to the City, there remained ‘ma-‘ B ny old Records there -, which had probably been there répofited ever (ince the Kings of England made It their Relidence. ‘This, 'in the Days of QJeen Elifliaetli, was, by fome body belonging Wallis Mr. yames. Rev. The. lViugfield, to "the Lord Tre’afurer, difcovered t h' - ‘ ' Woe 4f” d Them (55, Efq; Hofpitaller, A. M; . forming him, that certain old Fineg'wiarile’ktlznt?’ Wowen 701m, hfq; ‘ Phyficians. , there, in the Cultody of the Cloirograp/oer, [221:2 Weymoudefold Matt. Efq; Wooley Art/our, E121, Way Lewis, Elli; ‘ W e/leru Maximiliau,Efq; Weft 7ames, Efq, ‘ PI/ilkt Nat/Jamel, Efq; PVim‘er 7ame5, Efq; Wolla/lou Francis, Efq; lVitteuoom Corizelius, Efq; Dr. 7ofi2pla Leather-laud. Dr. Thomas Reeve. Dr. Thomas fldamr. Dr. Thomas Mlaer. Surgeons. Mr. Thomas Baker. Mr, j‘ofeplo Paul. Mr. Benjamin Cowell. Mr. Samuel Pearce, A- recommended to the Lord Mayor for the Ufe of Bridewell. This Mill had two Conveniences : b‘OUtS-] : . . . , One was, That it would grind a greater Qlan- - The Ufe Off-1113 HOfPItala HOW, 1,3 {01‘ an HOUR? The Ufe of tity confiderably than any Other Mills Of that Sort could do. And the other, " which would render it f0 ufeful to Bridewell, was,‘ that the Lame, either in Arms or , it, if they had but the Ufe of either. And ac- c'ordingly thefe Mills were termed Hand-mills, or Foot-mills, , _ , ' ‘ , ; ', This Mill he lhewed to the Lord Mayor, who law it grind as muCh Corn with the Labour of two Men, as they did, then at Bridewell with ten. That is two fay, two Men with Hands, two Bulbels'the 'Hour; 0r two Men with Feet, t'wo Bulliels the'HOur. If they were lame in their Arms, then they might earn their Livings With their. Legs : If .lamev in their Legs, then they might earn their Livings with their Arms. One Mill would grind twenty Bulhels of Wheat in a Day : So that by Computation it was reck- oned, that one of thefe would find a thoufand Perfons. , ~ ‘ The fame Inventor would have put the Mayor and Aldermen' upon having .TWentyjfive 0 them; that is, in each W'ar'dnone', for Rogues “ ‘NUMB. XIX. Legs, might work at 4 ,Alii the Oflicer in the Common—Pleas that engrofietli F mes ; ] and that the fame Fines ought to be in: the Keeping of the Lord Treafurer and Cham-. berlains of the Exchequer: And moved him to call the laid Ciairograp/oer before him, to know by what Right he kept the fame ; and thereupon to" give Order for their Removing. i One who liVed in the Beginning of @een E— Bride-Use”, what it was lifaaei‘lo’s Reign, {peaking of the H0fpitals, and, of the City -,at the Charge of 30001. or therea« of Correé‘tio‘h, and "to be a Place where all Strum: Brit pets, Night—walkers, Pick—pockets, vagrant and idle Perlons, that" are taken up for their ill Lives, as allo incorrigible and difobedient Servants, are ‘ committed by the Mayor and Aldermen, who are'Juf’tices of the’Peac'e~ Within the faid City: And, being {0 committed, are forced to beat Hemp, in public View, with due Correction of Whipping, Jc'cording to their Offence, for fuel} a Time as the Prefident andlCourt {hall fee: Caufe: The CoUrt-D‘ay'being', generally, eve: ry Friday in the ,Forenoon. . V ‘ And 'to ’this 'H'ofpital are fent feveral YoUths, as Apprentices to ’Glovers, Flax-Drefi‘ers, €56. who there rEIide; And thefe are clad in blue; Doublets and Breeches. - In the Year 1666 this Honie was burnt, and Brz'a’mr/z' . lfO burnt down. all the Apartments thereto belonging; as l all the Dwelling—Houfes in the Precmct of Bride- well -, which was about two Thirds of the Re‘vcp hues of the' Heufe. ' But, notwithf‘tanding its~ f lying in Ruins, the Governors made Provilion- for the {eyeral‘Arts—Mal‘cers and their Appren— trees, Church. 216 Rebuilt. State of Bridewe/I. 11mm. 13:04. § ]. s. .422. 1705. la. 1 706. in. i707. An. 17”. 1.. 1717. do. r7i8. Bethlem Iibfpital. tiees, in Places remote from the City, until fuch Time as the faid Hofpital could be rebuilt : And now the Chapel, Court-Houfe, Work—Houfes, and Dwelling—Houfes within the faid Hofpital, by the Care and Pains of the worthy Governors thereof intrufied therewith, and the liberal Con- tributions of divers worthy Perfons, are all re— built, in a more convenient Manner than for- merly. Which Reparations, Rebuildingt and bther incident Charges occafioned by the Fire, amounted to above 60001. And now the work- ing Trades go on in the fame Manner as be- fore. * Arid, moreover, there have been Vagrants, and the like idle People, taken, in and relieved. Alfo Apprentices brought up in the aforefaid Trades, every Year many Hundreds. And, befides the great Lofs that this Houfe fuftained by the Fire in r 666, their Revenue was much impaired by two other Fires that happened at Wapping; where a great many Tenements be- longing to it were burnt -, the one in yum, 1673, and the other in November, I 682.] The Account of Bridewell, brought in for the Year 1704, was as follows : Vagrants, and other indigent and miferable People received here the lai’c Year, four Hun- dred and forty-one. Maintained and brought up in divers Arts and Trades, one Hundred and eighteen. The Account of Bridewell, given in for the Year 1705, was thus : Vagrants, and other indigent and miferable People received here, were, in Number, three Hundred and fixty—lix. .- , Maintained and brought up in divers Arts and Trades, Apprentices, one Hundred and thirty- two. The Condition of Bridewell Hofpital, from the Year I705, to 1706, as it was publiihed, flood thus : Received into' this Hofpital, this Year, Va? grants, and other indigent and miferable People, one Hundred and feventy—one. , Received, from the Prifon of Newgate, con- viéted Women, who pleaded the Qieen’s Par- don, upon Condition to be kept at hard Labour in the faid Hofpital for one whole Year, and, afterward, during the @een’s Pleafure, Eleven. Maintained in the faid Hofpital, and brought up in divers Arts and Trades, at the only Charge of the Hofpital, Apprentices, one Hundred and thirty-three. The Condition of the faid Hofpital from Eafier 1706, to Eafler 1707, flood thus : Vagrants, and other miferable People, and nineteen Women from Newgate, to be kept at hard Labour, received into this Hofpital the lai’t Year, two Hundred and feventy—two. Maintained in the faid Hofpital, and brought up in divers Arts and Trades, one Hundred and thirty-eight. « Some Years after, viz. Anna 1711. Received into Bridewell, the lafl: Year, \three Hundred and thirty-fix. Difcharged, convicted Men and Women, Six- teen. Remaining, conviéted Perfons, Forty. Maintained there, and brought up in divers Arts and Trades, Apprentices, one Hundred and fourteen. ' And the two late Years, 'vz'z. 1717, and 1718, thefe were the true Reports brought in. Anno 1717, received into Bridewell, Vagrants, ' {9%. three Hundred and fifty. Maintained, and brought up in Trades, Ap- prentices, one Hundred and three. 1171720 1718, received Vagrants, and other in- ‘j‘ohn Berryman, Clothier - - 002 7ohn Ireland, Salter - — - - 001 Thomas Thormy, Barber-Surgeon - - 005 Henry Butler, Draper - - - - 005 rGeo. Chamherlain, Ironmonger — - 010 Thomas Church, Draper ' - '- — 010 ”/ill. Parker, Merchanthaylor - 200 Henry Waleot, Grocer ' — - - - 003 Mrs. flnne Whitmore - - .- — 100 Richard Culverwell, Brewer. - - 200 j‘ohn Kendrick, Draper . ~ - - - 200 digent and miferable People, two Hundred and eighty-eight. ' . . Maintained in the faid Hofpital, and brought up in Trades and Arts, Apprentices, Ninety- four.] ' The Prefident, Sir ”Villiam Withers, Knight and Alderman. . i The Treafurer, john Taylor, Efq. Beng‘afior‘: to the 'Hofpital of Bridewell. ' 1. ya»: Vernon, Merchant-Taylor - 005 Richard Goddard, Draper - - - zoo _ George Smithies, Goldfmith - - - ,010 Sir john Lyon, Grocer - - - - 02 5 Sir Wool/lone Dixie - - - - 020 Sir. 3‘. Swinnerton, Merchant-Taylor 010 Sir Thomas Hunt, Skinner -_ - — 025 Peter Blundel, Cloth-Worker, by the 008 Year - - - - - - - - } Gain: Newman, Goldfmith — - 003 70h}; lVerwman, Grocer - - - 002 Richard 74m, Vintner, by the Year 002 ooomoo‘oooooooo 0 0000000!A oioomooeooooooo 00000000?“ 6All thefe'were before the Year of our. Lord I 3 3. . This Hofpital hath the fame Prefident and Go— vernors with that of Bethlem, which, under the Account of that Hofpital, will be mentioned. More of this Houfe of Bridewell, as to the An- tiquities and Founding of it, may be feen, when the Reader comes to the Ward of Farringdon Without, in which it fiands.] Bridewell Hofifital, the State of it Anno 1754.. ' Received this Year into the Hofpitalvof Bride-. . well, Vagrants, and other indigent and miferable People, all which have had Phyfic, and other Relief, at the Charge of the faid Hofpital, astheir Neceflities required, three Hundred and forty-one. Maintained in the faid Hofpital, and brought up in divers Arts and Trades, at the only Charge of the faid‘ Hofpital, Apprentices, Eighty.] There are other Houfes of Correction belong- ing to the Cities of London and Wej/lminfler, and Parts adjacent, and both called by the Name of Bridewell, as being for the faid Purpofe. , The one is by Clerhenwell Church, commonly called New Prifon ; and this belongs to the County, as well as to‘the adjacent Parts : And to this all fuch lewd and diforderly Perfons, as aforefaid, are committed by the Jultices of the Peace for the County, and are there kept to Work, and Punifhment infliéted on them, as the Juftices‘ at their Seliions {hall think fit. The other Houfe of Correétion for the" faid Offences is in Tothil-Fieldr, and is for the Liber- ty of Weflminfien] . ' . BETHLEM HOSPITAL, commonly called BEDLAM. ' Ill-I E Hofpital of St. Mary of Bethlem, feated in Bi/hopfigate Ward, without the Ci- ty Wall, bemixt'Bi/hopgatejllreet and Moorfields, Book I; Prdidenta .” FT Prefident and Governors. 9‘. 3.; Other Houfes of Correétion, Fix-ll foundEd for a Priory of Canons with Brethren firfl: founded by Simon Fitz Mary, one of the She- and 3mm, riffs of London, in the Year of our Lord I 246, to be a Priory of Canons with Brethren and Sill ‘ ters, R. B. OJ 571/7 , , AR azz‘ ; 5 ”’fl 1”- " . , V ‘ ‘ . ‘ . M. , ' / fill” ""1 , I . ‘ 7 ‘, ‘ H7 ’z;é$§9"£’é}/’5~ ’ 4 ’5 'r’ ‘ ' [M] I, , 1‘ W I I 1‘ 1' . x“ Z A ” ' a, I, / , '7 4/1)].""' [I " f y r n 4 , . , I ,f .4/ ,, ’. KW!“ 1/ . . 0.6. ’ . 1/! ' 14‘ , . , l y , - . . ./ /4 ‘ Jr” I, " ’ ,0] fl/ ’, . , ,, ' ' ”cu/i fl (sf? i , . ». ," / f . ' ” I” H '/ “(J/Mr I fi’z’f/ /. , , . _ 4‘” 1w , x7 / . 4 1’ w / . * ‘ .7 «m’ / , '1 ' ,,« / W M ”/ 1’ " W .1, m/b/ . 4 I / . V , f ’1 I ' ' , . ///z I _ , I m I /’ / / / "' I J, ”N; ’u’ / "C / ,9/ . , / , ., ,- 17/ ,, . , . /"/7 _ ., s. I 4 “ff/”2’,” " r a» l’ . g/ ' v ' ,,, ;"""“”/I/ / o ( “I” ’ $7942 I / Ir / , ; I f , , 41¢! «‘iI/II/ #13” , ' 5 ”’4' - _ . ' » ,, . r’ v / / . /, I //:(' ”fl’ ‘ - » / ./// ” ,/, /% I],- W// / //// ‘ ; f 1 ‘ ‘ law a I ._ ' A ‘ / , /,,;,m€;¢/l{’7l" K r{ ’“i”! ’. ("fl / ’ I’c/ / 77 ‘. “7 , . ”Ir ‘1, 1 I / %%";1 fi,/ gt ”if , l/a” /'.v/ / , , . ,‘v . ,fk’é/x} * , , ’ , V ~ , a , f V ~ My m, ”lg/7, _ V,( J , x ’ I l I r' / I ' r V ' (Ir/1;] 1'” 7 ‘ WI . / I ‘, , [a (I'M/"’9'" , W" ' //"/ /' , ,, , , u _ .. “/1 W;;,«;.2,, , , , / ,W¢ / . r , ., - , 'u.f.‘.1$1€""'mhl$/m , . . A? n,// m‘figJ/r , " ' , ' ’ " ‘ ‘ f" "' ‘ Ml / .49. r '1”; ‘ ‘ ' 1:7,, 4 4;; /,5; ,_. , / v , , ‘ _.. ‘ , - , §r~«/.,,..fi,u ’ Chap. Fab/em for Lunatics. New Betblem feared in Momjfieldr. DimenfiOns . of it. Bethlem ters, and towear a Star upon their C0pes and Mantles, and to receive the Bifhop of Bethlehem, and the Canons or; Mefi‘engers of the Church of Bethlehem, whenfoever they fhould have Occafion to travel hither; as' will appear more at large in the {aid Fitz Mary’s Charter, exemplified in its proper Place in Bi/bap/gezte Ward. King Henry VIII. gave this Houfe to the City of London. They converted it to a Houfe or Hof- pital for the Cure of Lunatics; but not without Charges at f0 much the Week, for thefe brought in, if they or their Relations were of Ability; and, if not, then at the Parilh Charge, in which they were Inhabitants. This Hofpital Ptood in an obfcure and clofe Place, near unto many common Sewers ; and a1- fo was too little to receive and entertain the great Number of diftraéted Perfons, both Men and Women. Therefore, upon a charitable Confide— ration of the fame, the Lord Mayor, Aldermen, and Common Council of the City of London, did grant unto the Governors a fuflicient Piece of Ground againfl London Walllon the fouth Side of the lower Qiarters of Moorfields: And, in Purfuance thereof, they did proceed to build a new Hofpital, which now ihews a {lately and magnificent Structure, containing, in Length, from Eait to Weft, 540 Feet, and, in Breadth, 40 Feet, befides the Wall which inclofeth the Gardens before it, which is neatly ordered with Walks of Free-Prone round about, and Grafs Plats in the Middle. And, befides this Garden, there is, at each End, another for the lunatic People, when they are a little well of their Dif- temper, to walk in for their Refrefhment; this Wall is, in Length, 680 Feet, and, in Breadth. 70 Feet at each End, being very high -, and that Part fronting the Fields hath Iron Grates in fe— veral Places of the Wall, to the End that Paf— fengers, as they walk in'the Fields, may look into the Garden. This large Fabric is built of Brick and Free- fione ; the Gate, or Entrance, all of Stone, with two Figures of a diftraéted Man and Woman in Chains, a curious Piece of Sculpture, over the Gate ;... And in this, as well as in the Building, the Architecture is good. It hath a large Cupolo with a gilded Ball, and a Vane at the Top of it, ~ and a Clock within, and three fair Dials without. The Benefit of this Hef- pital to the Kingdom. New Betblem. 7.3 Dr. 7}]571. And behold here, in a Map, a Profpeét of the Building fronting the Fields. The great Benefit that doth accrue hence to the City of London, and other Parts of this Kingdom, is very confiderable, if we confider the great Num- ber of dil’traéted-Perfons brought in yearly, and mof’t receiving Cure, and being, for the molt Part, poor and indigent.] . But, to give yet a further and more particular Account of the prefent State of this noble and ufeful Foundation, the late learned Phyfician to the fame, Dr. Edward Tyfm, was, upon my Sol- licitation, pleade to draw up this brief Relation following: . ” _ The Hofpital of Old Bethlem being ruinous, and too {trait and clofe for the Patients; in the Year 167 5, the Lord Mayor, Aldermen, Gover- nors, and Citizens of Lendofl, began to build this new Hofpital in Maorfields, nigh the Wall of the City: And, though the Struéture be {'0 large and magnificent, yet, by the great Application that was made in hafiening the Building, it was finifhed the next Year, as appears by an Infcrip- tion over the Arch facing the Entrance into the faid Hofpital, ‘vz'z. ' 779i: Hofin’te‘zl was begun to be built in April, 1675, and wasfini/bed in July, 1676. Sir William Turner, Kt. and Alderman, Prelident. Benjamin Dueane, Efq; Treafurer. 2 Hafflmi The Charge of this Building Was computed to amount to nigh 170001. where now, with fome’ Additions lately made, there is an Accommodati- tron for one Hundred and fifty Patients, whereas in the old there were ufually but Fifty or Sixty: over the other, each one Hundred and ninety- three Yards long, thirteen F at: high; and fixteen Feet broad ; not including the Cells for the Pa- tients, which are twelve Feet deep. The faid Galleries are divided in the Middle by two Iron Grates; fo that, now, all the Men are placed in one End of the Houfe, - and all the Women at the other, each having their proper Conveniencies ; as likewife a Stove Room,- where, in the Winter,- they have a Fire to warm them; and, at each End of the lower Gallery, a large Grafs Plot, to air and refrelh themfelves in the Summer: And in each Gallery Servants lie, to be ready at Hand on all Occafions. ‘ Befides, below Stairs there is made of late a Bathing—place for the Patients, f0 contrived, as to be an hot or cold Bath, as Occafion requires. ‘ In the Middle of the upper Gallery is a large fpacious Room where the Governors, and, in the Lower a lefl'er, where the Weekly Committee meet, and the Phyfician prefcrib‘es for the Pa-- tients. Befides, convenient Apartments for the Stew— ard of the Houfe, for the Porter, Matron, Nurfe, and Servants -, and, below Stairs, all ne: cefl‘ary Offices for Keeping and Drefling the Pro; vifions, for Wafhing, and other Neceliaries' be- longing to f0 large a Family. The Hofpitals ofBridewell and Bethlem being made one Corporation, they have the fame Preli- dent, Treafurer, Governors,- Cle‘rk, Phyfician, Surgeon, Apothecary : But each Hofpital has its proper Steward and inferior Officers ; and out of the Governors a particular Committee is appO'int-' ed for each. ‘Out .of the Committee appointed for Bethlem, there are Six to meet weekly, who, on Saturday, examine the Steward’s Account of Expen'ces for the Week preceding; and, after it is apprdved, they fign it: They-are likewife to view the Pro-‘ vifions, the Patients that are to be received or' difcharged, and direét other Matters belonging to the faid Hofpital. . In the Pafi‘age, jul’t within the Hofpital, are hung up thefe Orders : fln Abflrafl 0f Order: 0f Court made tlae goth of March I 677, for thegoozl Government of tlae Hof- pz'tezl of Bethlem. I. That the Bell be rung at Sun-fe’tting every' Evening, Summer and-Winter ; and that then- all Perfons do depart,~ and that afterwards no Perfons be admitted in, but @ality or Gover~ nors. ~ II. That no Servant go" out of the Hofpital till Half an, Hour afterRinging of the Bell; nor fray out after Eight from Mebaelma‘s to Lately Day, not after Ten from Lady Day to .Mielmelmar; and that but one Half of them beout at one Time.» ‘ III. That the Back Gate at London Wall {hall always be kept Ihut, eXeept extraordinary Occaa fions of bringing in Beer, {9%. and that no Per- fon {hall come in to fee-the Lunatics that Way. IV. That no Perfon, except Governors, fhall be permitted to fee the Lunatics on Sundays. 4 .. V. That no Perfo‘n do give the Lunatics firong Drink, Wine, Tobacco, .or Spirits; nor be permitted to fell any fueh‘ Thing m the Hof- pltal. ' .- . ‘. ' . VI. That fuc’h of the Lunatics as are fit, be permitted to walk in the Yard till Dinner—time, and then be locked up in their Cells; and that no Lunatic that lies “naked, or is in a Courfe of thya ' ie V 3 - it? ~~ The Infide confiflzs' chiefly of two Galleries, The Diméfi? lions. A stove Room. A Bath; Convenient Rooms and Apartments; Bub/m afid‘ Briderwe/l and Corporation; Orders Fori this Hofpita‘l; 32.18 zflgnfl In 1699. Benefaétors. 1677. 1678. 1679. 1680. 168:. 1682. 1683. £684. -- Bethlein Hofpz‘tal. T- he, be fee'n by any bodyg'without Order of the Phyiician. ' . ' ’ . VII. That no Servant, or other Perfon what! foever, {hall take any Money given to the Luna- tics, to convert the fame .to their own Ufe, but the fame to be kept for the Lunatics, till reCo-' vered, or laid out for them in the mean Time, as the Committee thinks fit; ; . VIII. That no Officer or Servant fhall beat or abufe any Lunatic, nor offer any Force to them, but upon abfolute Neceflity, for the better Go- Verning of them. ' IX. That no Perfon do prefume to afli any . Perfon for Money, till fuch Perfon’s Charity be firft put into the Poor’s Box; and that what af- terwards {hall be given to fuch Servant, be put by him into the Servants Box, to be dil’tributed among them, purfuant to an Order of Court for that Purpofe. X. That fome of the Committee go weekly to the faid Hofpital, to fee the Provifions weigh— ed -, and that the fame be good, and rightly ex- pended : That the Men Servants {hall attend the Delivery of the Diet to the lunatic Men, and the Women Servants to the lunatic Women. Ordered, That the Porter, Bafket-men, and all other Servants of the faid Hofpital, take ef- feétual Care, that no Perfon whatfoever that they , in the leafi lufpeét‘ to be lewd or diforderly Per- fons, nor any Boys or Girls, that they think are Apprentices, and come there to idle away their Time, are, upon any Account, permitted to come into the faid Hofpital; that the Steward of the {aid Hofpital, for the Time being, he Supervifor over all the Servants thereto belonging; and, if any of them are remifs in their Duties, he. to ac— quaint the weekly Committee therewith. And in the fame Pafiage on Pannels, in golden Letters, are let the Names of all the Benefactors to this Hofpital iince the Building of i the fame, ‘vzz. Benefaflorr to the Hofitital of Bethlem, finee the Building of this Houfe, Anno‘Dom. 1676.. l. s. d. Mr. Richard l/Vine - - .- - 050 ,00 be) ; john Hohhy, Efq; - - - 100 00 00 Sir yohn Shorter, Knt. 7 - - 08 3 I 8 00 Sir Stephen White - - -. - 025 90 00. er. 7ohn Young '- - ‘ - — 020, 00. 00 The Right Honourable the Countefs of Devon - - - }IC0 00 00 Mr. 7ohn Willow - - - ~ 010 00‘ . oo ‘ Mrs. Faith Underwood - —- ~ 050 00 00 Mrs. Philippa Brooke - - - 300 00 00 Mr. j'ame: 7am: - -- - ~ 020 00 00 Mr. Richard Staple: — - — IOO , oo 00 Mr. George Torriano -_ - - 025 00 ,. 00 Sir Edmund Turner, per Ann. '- 050 00 00 Sir Peter Vandeputt -- - - 100 00 ‘ 00 Mr. fame: Mawrais -- - _- 200 00. 00 Mr. Thomas Saunders - - - 015 00 00 Sir 7ohn Moore, Knight late Lord Mayor of this City, . in theTime of his Mayoral— ) 500 00 .oo ty, gave to the Hofpitals of l ‘ -' Bridewell and Bethlem J . Mr. Stephen White - -' . - 030 00 00 Mr. RobertBlanohard - - - - 100 00 00 Mr. 7am: Church - - - - 020 00 oo ' Sir Chri/topher Par/e, Knt. - - 025 00 00, The Right Honourable the = Earl of Craven, befides for- £050 00 oo . mer Benefaétions - ~ - ,. Mr. [William Cooley - - - 034. 06 09 Mrs. Margaret Trumbull, per} Ann. _ _ _ _ _ _ 004. oo 04 Mr. Pennyman, and Mr. Addir 050 09 00 Dr. Garret - - ~ ~ . - 100 00 2 OO Sir-Henry 7ohn/bn - . ,- -, -7 .050 00 00 Mr. Drinkwater , — --' " ~ - 0.50 '00 00 .Mr. Sutton - - - - - - mg 00 00 Sir Thomas Foot - -' — - 025. 00 0Q Mr. Alexander Hofea — - — 200 00 00 Sir Chrifiopher Lethieullier — -‘_ 05-0 00 00 Mr. Edward Claxton - — — 050 00 oo Mr.'Edmund Leigh - 4 - - 025 00 00 Sir yams Edwards -' - — I 2 5 oo oo jaooh Lucy, Efq; - ~ - - 100 .00 00 Mr. Rohert Hyett — - - — 100 00 00 Sir 7ames Ward - - - - - 050 00 oo .Capt. 7ohn 7ones - - - — 12 5 oo 00 Sir Ralph Box \ - - —» - 050 00 00 Mr. j‘ohn Stone — - -‘- - - - 020 00 00 Mr. yohn Brare - — ~ — — 250 00 CO The Rt. Honourable the Lord Craven - - - - - — - }100 00 00 Mr. Edward Bettifon - - - 100‘ .00 00- Mr. yohn Land — — e —‘ 100 00 00 Mr. Samuel Baker -= - - — 050 03 00 Mr. Greenwood — — — — .~ 020 [00 00 Mr. Edmund Burroughs —' — - 333 , I5 00 Michael Pierre, Efq, — — - — 040 00 00 Mr. Edward Attwood - - - - 050 00 00 Mr. Fro’nzantle - ~ _. -' - 100 oo 700 Dr. Carr —’ - 4 — - — 010 I5 00 Mr. Deputy Gwyn ~ - - — 100 oo 00 Thomas, Vernon, Efq; - - — - 030 00 00' Sir Thomas Viner - . ~ — 200 00 00 And in the Hereditary Excife, 8 per [tannin - — - — — - :i00 02 00‘ Sir Peter Fleyer — - — '- 050 00 00 Mr. Thomas Fitzer —, — —, O7. 5 '00 c0_ Mr. Arthur Barron - ‘— - - 050 C0 00 , Mr. Ifaao Houhlon '~ — - — 050‘ 00 00‘ Sir 70hr: Crifpe, Baronet - ~ — 030 '00 00 ~—-— Thorold, Widow — - - 0.30 00 00 Mr. Richard Terhury ~ - - 02 5 oo oo' Perfons unknown — - - - 330 00 00; Mr. Benjamin Boulthy - ~ -, 01.5 00 00, Befides thefe, in lingle Tables, are the follow-, ing Infcriptions. I Mr. 7ohn Fowhe, of Clayhury, near W'oodford, in; Efli’x, Son of 70hn Pow/re, Eli]; fome Time Lord Mayor of London, out ofhis pious and generous Difpofition to Charity, did by his Will give the Yearly Rent of one Hundred ninety~five Pounds. And alfo one Thoufand fix hundred and eighteen Pounds, nineteen} Shillings, and two Pence in Money. To the Intent,lthat one third Part of the faid Rents, and one Half of the faid Sum of Mo- ney, lhould be for ever employed in fetting up fuch as Ihall ferve their Apprenticefhips in Bridewell Hofpital ; and the other two third Parts of the Rents and Moiety of the faid Sum of Money, to the Relief of the poor Lunatics in Bethlent Hof— pital. ‘ , Mr. William Pott, Citizen and Apothecary of, London, late a worthy and charitable Member and Governor of this Hbfpital, did by his lafi: Will give the Manor’ of Barfre/ton, alias, Bar/ifon, and divers Lands in the County of Kent, of the Yearly Value of one Hundred and eleven Pounds, BOOk L 1687. 1688. 1659. 1690. 1691. 1692. 1693. 1694. 1698. 1699a 1700; 1701; 17020 1691; 1691: upon Trul’t, out of the Rents thereof, to pay two ~ Hundred Pounds to Chri/l’s Hofpital, whereof he was alfo a Governor, and afterwards in Trul’t for this Hofpital of Bethlem, for Relief of ‘the poor Lunatics therein. ' ' ' Mr. yohn Edmonfon, late of St. Katharine’s near the Tower of London, Sail-maker, deceafed, did by his Will give to Sufanna his Wife, fince alfo deceafed, for the Term ”of her Life, all his Mel'- fuages, Lands, and Tenements, in the Me of Thanet, or elfewhere in Kent, of the Yearly Va— lue of fourfcore Pounds, or thereabouts: And, after her Deceafe,’ unto the Governors of the Hofpitals of Bethlem and Bridewell, London, for ' ever, i699. Chap. 1701. :Benefaé‘tions towards the VVardrobe. ever, for the Ufe of the Poet of the faid Hofpital. And that Care is taken of thefe poor Lunatic Patients, not. only in the Houfe, but likewife when difcharged thence, appears by thefe follow- ing Infcriptions : ‘ A Perfon unknown gave by the Hands of Dr. Edward Tyfon fifty Pounds, for providing Medi- cines for fuch poor Patients as have been cured in this Hofpital, for preventing their Relapfe. The fame Perfon by the Hands of Dr. Edward Tyfon gave one Hundred Pounds more, to be 'dii‘tributed by him to fuch Patients as {hall be cured in the faid Hofpital, toward their prefent Subfii’tance or Cloathing, when difcharged thence. By the Conf’titution and Cui’tom of the Houfe, the Perfons that put in the Patients were obliged to provide them Cloaths, while they continued there; but, it being obferved, that for Want of them they fuffered in their Health, not being timely provided, the Weekly Committee, and other Governors, and other charitable Perfons, have contributed towards ere€ting and furnifhing a Wardrobe. The Names of which Benefactors are likewife fet up in the faid Wardrobe as follows : Towards the fettling the ufeful Charity of a Wardrobe for the poor Lunatics, ‘ 1691, Mr. 702m yolmfon gave 1051. Mrs. Margaret Hampton, Widow 501. This has fince been increafed by the Charity of Lieutenant—colonel Edward] Beaker. Major Thomas Hodges. Mr. PVilliam’ PVilkinfon. Mr. lVilliam Faza/eerly. Mr. [William Roafe. And fince by Mr. Tbomas Gardiner, Deputy of his Ward. Mr. Samuel S/oepbeard. Being of the Comn mittee for the faid >H0fpital, for the Months of Ofloaer J and April, 169 3. Home]; Prefident of this Hofpital, ave to itb W'll ' ’ and to Bridewell 200 l. mgre. y; l zéQlf. Benefactors to this Charity, net of the Com; mittee; 5 ‘Edward Betti/on, Efq; Edward Sylve/ter, Efq; _ 501. Mr; William Diekenfon. 60 l. Hofpital is enabled to beartheir great Charges ; Expences; efpecially fince they have increafed the Number of the Patients fo much -, and, where; as formerly each Patient paid 5 5. per Week, now they pay nothing. _ ’ This indeed makes a great Application of Per. fons to the Hofpital for the getting in of their Friends, though not fit to be received; not con. fidering that it is an Hofpital for Cure, and not an Alms-Houfe. Such Patients therefore the G04- vernors think fit to be received, that are furious, raving, and capable of Cure; or, if not, yet are likely to be mifchievous to themfelves or others, and are really poor. _ i The late learned Phyfician Dr. Tyfon informed me, that from the Year I684. to 1703, during which Time he had been ordinary Phyfician there, there had been in this Hofpital 1294. Patients; of which Numbervhad been cured and difcharged 890, which is above two Patients in three ; that after fome Years, cai’ring up the Numbers of Men and Women Patients, he found them pretty equal, and Very little Difference. And, though feveral fince his Time haVC had the Small-Pox in this Hofpital, yet not one has died of it. agifiri: .201; 1695': It is by the Help of fuch. Benefaé‘tors that this Who are re: ceived into for their Yearly Revenues fall much fhort of their this H°{Pi‘m'3 7. Sr Befides this brief Account of Bethlem, I may Further Re; add a few Remarks yet farther, of which I have marks. been informed, either from the aforefaid Phyfi~ " cian Dr. Tyfon, or from Deputy Gardiner, the late Treafurer, both deceafed. ‘ ' _ The Governors of this Hofpital, as alfo that of Governors; Bridewell, are chiefly Citizens -, but yet fome are Mr. Edward Sloaller. Noblemen or Other Gentlemen of Qlality and Mr. Thomas W inelanrft; Wealth. ‘ p _ _ > . .« Mr. yames Hallet. - The Prefident who is the chief Governor, is Prefidem.‘ Mr. .471de 197171.675. ufually chofen out of fuch Aldermen of the City Mr. Rio/yard Gwinn, Deputy; . as have pafi the Chair. He prefides over all, and Lieutenant Colonel 701m Genew. is Prefident of Bridewell as well as this. His Bu- Mr. Peter Floyer, Deputy. finefs is, on Court' Days at Bridewell, to examine Mr. Walter Ryan. and judge the PrifOners fent thither, and accor- . Thomas Bromfield. ding to their Crimes, with Confent of the Court, . 7%le W'olfe. direéteth their Punifhments, and there tranfaéts . Samuel Mayer. other Bufinefs relating to both Hofpitals. He . Peter Le Piper. alfo figneth Warrants for fuch Patients as are to. . Edward Cooke. be fent to Bet/elem. » V Mr. Rielaard Taylor The Treafurer is chofen out of the Governors. Treafureh Sir 70m Crzfp, Baronet His Bufinefs is more particularly ‘to take .Care of 4 Tborold, Widow the Revenues, as in receiving the Memes, and Rickard Yerlnry ordering the neceffary Payments. “And, inthc Perfons unknown Abfence of the Prefident, he, taketh the Chair at Benjamin Boaltly 151. the Courts held at Bridewell, andlikewrfe figneth Edward Bo'vey 251. the warrants for the Lunatics to ‘befent to Bet/2,- Henr Har n, Ef; I501. lem, - ' g - ," ,, . y f. a. Edwlira’ Birongbs? the further Surplus of his And, for the greater Eafe and lepatch 1n tranf- Vzlé‘éarflommifi 'Eflzate " y ‘ 501. aeting the Affairs, of both Hofpltals, there is - --———-~ ‘ aool. Yearly appointed outsof the Governors: a Com;- IOl. m’itt‘ee,_,for each HOT-ital. The‘Committee for 7am: Clark ' p ‘ {loo 1. Bet/elem confifieth ‘ufually of thirty—fix Perfons, qf f‘folan Parfons, lateof‘the Pofl—Ofiee, London, did whom, fix are obliged to attend the Servxce of by his Will give a F arm in the Ifle of Thanet, in the ,l-Iofpital for-two, Months, pm, {infpr 7am;- , the County of Kent, ofthe Yearly Value of VI 00 l. ary and 71d}; other fix. for Felrnaryuan ‘flflgufidl‘: . .. .- unto the Prefident and Governors of the Hofpi- and f0 on. ThefufualiTime of the meeting ‘ . tal of Bet/alem, for the Ufe of the Poor Lunatic the 'Six’ is on Saturdays, when they examine the 'Perfons; and did by his Will, over and befides Stewards Accountsforthe‘Weelfiprecedingylyhlch 5001- to Bridewell, give the Remainder of his being approVed 1s tranfcrxbedunto 1:1. Baden? Efiate, not before in his Will bequeathed," unto figned‘by them. They likeWIfe ta e Notice o_ the aforefaid Hofpital of Bet/elem. ' Sir Robert jagfrey, Knt. and Alderman, late, 7. s. . Mr. 7olan Carter. A Perfon unknown, by the Hands of Mr. De- puty Faza/eerly, gave twenty Shillings per flnnam for 16 Years. 1694'. 1696; 1697. 1698. 1700: 1701; 1702. 301. 501. 501. 251. ,, . : 3501. 1703. Gay, Efq; Peter Daeane A ‘ ' the Provifions; give Direétions about'Repairs»; View the Patients to be admitted andvdifchargedj ' K k k _ and 1705. ‘ Bethl‘em and do other Matters that may come before them, l as was hinted before. But, if any Thing of greater Import happen, it is referred to the General Court. F or, if they do not prefently determine the Mat- ter, they appoint'the fame Committee, or a lar- ger, to examine into it, and .fomake their Report, ‘to that Court. ', ‘The Office of the Clerk is to enter the Names ‘of the Lunatics, to take theSecurities of fuch as ‘ are admitted for Cure, and to gather all the Rents. 4 'V‘They have a Minifter alfo to whom they allOw .201. a Year, whofe'Oflfice is to vifit the Lunatics, "and to inf’cruét and pray with'fuch of them as are capable of it; and to do other Spiritual Offices among them. v , . , Now concerning the Lunatics themfelves, and the Management of them. The Method of ad— mitting Patients into the Hofpital is this, that the Patient be brought upon Saturday, when the Committee meets, to be viewed by them and the 'Ph‘yfician -, and, if he be judged a fit Object for that Hofpital, then there is a Warrant drawn up by the Clerk of the Hofpital, to be figned by the Prefident, or, in his Abfence, by the Treafurer, for his Admittance. And thofe that put the Pa- tient in are obliged to give Bond to be figned by two Perfons, to take him away, when difcharged the Houfe -, or, if he dies, to be at the Charge of Burying him. ' ' , NOW thefe are judged the fitteit Objefits for this ' Hofpital that are raving and forious, and capable of Cure 5 or, if not, yet are likely to do Mifchief to themfelves orothers -, and, are pOOr, and can— ‘not be otherwife provided for. But for thofe that , are only Melancholic, or Ideots, and judged not ‘ capable of Cure, thefe the Governors think. the Houfe ought not to be burthened with. I The care and As to the Care and Cure of the Patients, here Cure of the 'is undoubtedly the greatef’c Provifion made , for Lmtlcs' ‘them of any Public Charity in the World; each 7 “having a convenient Room and Apartment to ithemi'elves where they are locked up on Nights -, and in it agPlace' for a Bed gl‘OIj, if they are fo fenfe- "lefs as not fit to make ufe’ of’one‘, they 'a‘re‘eVery Day providedpwith freih andclean Straw. Thofe Lthat are fit'forjit, at convenient Hours, haveLi- ,‘berty to Walk in the long Galleries, which‘are large “and noble." In the Summer—time, to air themfelves, there are tWo large Grafs Plats, one for the Men, and another for‘the Women -, and in the Winter a Stove for-each. apart, wheie ’a goOd Fire is kept ‘to warm‘them; :In the Heat of the Weather, a very "convenient Bathing-place to cool and walh them, “and is of great Service in airing their Lunacy; The Clerk. A Minifler. Admittance of Lunatics. ’and it is eafily made a hot Bath for Refioring . , their Limbs,when numbed,‘ or Cleaning and :Preferving them from Scurvy, or other cutane- fhus Difiempers. Their, Diet is extraordinary good "and properjfor'them, which every Week is view~ 1ed by a“ Cemmittee of the Governors. ‘ >5 ,_ '5," And, thoughgthe F riends, that put in the Pati—_ re i w 7"-_,r :1 " . ‘ ’. .,..% .‘ l ‘ents are obliged‘to provrde Cloaths, yet,_,1_t bein ‘obferved,”’thar, for Want of‘ a timely“ supply, A Wardrobe they have oftenfufl‘ered, there is a Wardrobe e4} 'forth‘e'II'iir‘i‘a- meted, from-3 whence theyyare furnilhled. "For, ‘ics- ’" ‘though, When» raving, 'andffuriousf, they d‘iiiffnotE ‘fu‘fi’ef muth’frdmthe‘We'ather, yet, in thejljnt'eh; "vals; ”theyfai‘e liableto it, mid oftencontraét othErl ,‘Dii’tempe‘rsffca'ie of which ‘ is likewife, taken as: well as of their Luhacy. ' ‘ -' " ' 3 3 Other Dir. " ' seve‘ral‘that" ave comelin‘tothe Hofpital ,w’ith' tempers ofthe_«LOfS of Limbs,jand not ableyto ,go, havereeo; Lunat‘cs' ’vered them, and been; if??? out perfectlyliviIellfi Others that have been, to’ the‘g‘reateft Extremity, - * ’overrunii'wit‘h the Scurvy,'with Ulcers in their ‘Mouths, with hydropical , .Bwellings in. “their Limbs, with Mortifica‘tiohs "of. their Toes, with, Ila/7m exédem in large Bliotche's over great Parts of the Body,“ and Variety of other Diftempers, -~ 2 . Hoffzml. Book I'. have been,I-Thanks be to God, recovered and fet well, aslikewifi: fuch as have been taken with the Small—Pox. ' , , . . . So that, by God’s Blefiing, for twenty Years paf’c, ending I 703, there have been above two -Patients in three cured, as the Phylician hath told me ; Which Number of Patients recovered is the more confiderable, becaufe many, or moit that chme there, have been under Cure before -, and, being thought incurable, are thrufi: into the Hof— pital to avoid the Charges of Keeping elfewhere: Many of, which Patients, by finding a greater Kindnefs and better Ufage here than in their 0- ther (Qiarters, with a great deal of Acknow- ledgment, have confefied their Senfe of it; and centre wage many, though rei’tored to Health, have rather praflifedtoa defired to continue there than to be turnedout; wards “mm the Kindnefs of the Hofpital being greater to them than of their . Friends and Relations, for there is nothing of Violence fufi’ered to be offered to any of the Patients, but they are treated with all the Care and Tendernefs imaginable : If rav- ing and furious, they are confined from doing themfelves or others Mifchief. And it is to the Credit and Reputation of the Hofpital, that, in fo great a Number of Lunatics that are conftantly kept therefit is very rare, and in many Years, that any one Patient makes away with himfelf. ‘And not only Proviiion is made, and Care taken for thefe' Patients, whilfi in the Hofpital, but liltewife, when cured and difcharged, there is How dif. an Obligation in the Bond given, when they are charged, admitted, whereby they are required to take them When cured; out, in order to provide for them. But, where they are defiitute of F riends, and unprovided with common Necefiaries, a Charity was given by a Perfon unknown, at the Phyfician’s Difcre- tion, to give what he {hall think convenient for their prefent Sublil‘tance, or to provide them with Cloaths, for the prefent, till they ihall fall into .Bufinefs : And likewife Provifion is madeto fur— nifh any Patient that hath been in the Hofpital with Medicines, gratis, for the Preventing of any Relapfe, which hath been of great Ufe to thele poor Creatures, and fo necefiary a Charity and ufeful, that, it is hoped, both will be fupplied when the Sums given are ”expended. ' . When a Patient is cured‘and to be difcharged, he is called before the Committee of the Gover- nors and Phyfician, who examine him, and, be- ing found fit to be difcharged, the Phyfician gives a Certificate of the fame, and then the Stew- ard of the Houle takes Care to fee him delivered to his Friends. ’ _ . ' The Number of Patients, fince the Charge of Number of j 5 3., per Week was taken 05, and that they have Patients: 'been taken in, and maintained, free of all Charges, was feldom lefs than.one Hundred and thirty- ‘fix, namely, as many as there were Rooms and . 'Conveniences for them, {0 that the Hofpital was "always crowded and full , and ufually. the Names ‘ 'of' a great many were taken beforehand, to be admitted as foon as Room,fhould be made by the 'Difcharge of any cured, or by their Death. But now it mui’t not be omitted to be menti- 150 Patients oned, that, as the Houfe will contain one Hun- “W in 3‘” 'dredand fifty Patients, ‘ f0 there are latelytfinifh- lm' ed "certain Chambers fuflicient to ixpmake. up” the Number: And fo many Patients they now haVe. The .Time of Cure is uncertain: Some have How yang in fbeenftiurfeda ina Month-two or three: Some Cure. 'co/n'tinuegfdii’craéted m’any'Years. . . Tolhé’QmPcion, ”Whether there be more Men or Women Lunatics kept here? The ”Anfwer was, Therdjias been no Inequality 'of'Number ob- ‘fervediajsftothe Sexes. , _ . ;And if“ all this let me fubjoin the weekly Food and Diet provided for thefe Lunatics. \ . . Sunday, Boiled Beef and Broth, and Bread for Their weekly ‘ Dinner -, Dist. Kil;,i’=’§‘7VV—:¢DJ‘IV“\_~L‘.:‘ a, A s ;. Chap. _ State of this Hofpital. XXVI: Supper. Monday, Bread, Cheefe, and Butter for Dinner; Milk—portage, and other Pottage, with Bread, for Supper. Tuefday, Boiled Mutton, or Veal, and Broth for Dinner; and hot Broth for Supper. Waring/day, Bread and Cheefe, ‘or But- ‘ter, for Dinner; and a Mefs of Milk—portage, or Other Portage, for, Supper. Tburfday, Boiled Beef, Broth, and Bread tOr Dinner; and a Mefs of hot Broth, andBread for Supper. Friday, Bread and Cheefe and Butter for Dinner ; Milk- Pottage, or other Portage, for Supper. Saturday, Peafefpott‘age, Rice-milk, and Furmity; or o- ther Pottage and Bread for Dinner; and Bread . and Cheefe and Butter for Supper. And" fuch Fruit is given them as is molt fea- fonable. The State of this Hofpital given in, in the - Year 1704., was thus: _ Diftrafted Men and Women, then brought in, were fixty—four. . Cured of their Lunacy and difcharged, fifty. Buried, twenty. ' Then under Cure, lone Hundred and thirty. 7 The State of the vfaid Hofpital given in, in the Year 1705, flood thus : Diftraéted lVIen and Women and brought in, the lafl: Year, feventy-two. Cured of their Lunacy, and difcharged thence, thirty-eight. Buried, twenty-nine. _ . - _ Then remaining under Cure, one Hundred and thirty-feven. _ . , The Condition of Bet/916m Hofpital, from the Year r705 to I706, as it was .publifhed, flood thus : Dii’traéted Men and Women brought in, the lad Year, feventy—two. Cured of their Lufiacy and difcharged, fifty- twof Buried, thirteen. Remaining under Cure, and provided for with Phyfic, Diet, and other Relief, one Hundred . and forty-eight. From Eajter 170,6, connt was given in : - _ Dii’traéted Men and Women brought in, eigh- ty—two. » Cured of their Lunacy, fifty-nine. Buried, twenty-four. Remaining under Cure, one Hundred and for-i ‘ . {traéted PerfOns maintained in the faid Hofpital ty-two. Some few Years after, vizflmm I 71 I, the Ac— count of this Hofpital then, brought in, flood: thus : , . Admitted into the Hofpital, ninety—two. Cured of their Lunacy and difcharged, feventy-— two. . . _ , ' , , Buried, fourteen,._‘ Remaining under. thirty. ' The two lai’t; Years flood thus, viz. 17.17. Dii’tracted Men and Women admitted, ninety—- one. . Cured of their Lunacy, fixty-feven. Buried, fourteen. “ Remainin under Cure one Hundred and thir- , . . , . . . ' g , ' . vernors havrng obtained a Grant from the City of ty—feven. . ' . . Admitted the Year 171 8. ' Dii’traé’ced Men and Women, feventy-one. Cured of their Lunacy and difcharged, fixty- one. . _r , , Buried, ten. Remaining in the faid Hofpital, one Hundred and thirty. - . . Remarkable were the Expreflions, to add no more, ufed by the Preacher on Wedmfday in Eafler Week, I719, concerning the poor People receive- to Eafler "1707, this Ac-r Cure, ,one Hundred and. . . who, upon Examination, or after fome Time of ; Trial, appear to be incurable, and whofe Cafe is Bethlem Hofpitdl. Dinner; and a, Mefs of hot Broth and Bread for ' ed into Bet/916m, proper to raife a comparison to; ‘ and the Ufe of the Reafon and Underftanding ‘ left but their outward. Shape to dift‘inguifh them ‘ from the Creatures below them. Thefe are fad I ‘ Objects indeed.~ They fhew us to Ourfelves in the Wpri’t Difguife, by turning to us the weak and dark Side of human Nature -, and ferve to ‘tbnvrnce us what little Reafon we have to glory ‘ in otlr Wifdom, or in any intellefl;ual Attain- ments, fince the f’trongefl: Brain may fo fuddenQ 18; and by fo many Accidents, be difordered, c. - ~ ‘ That the Sight of thofe unhappy Wretches ‘ might .raife fuch Reflections eas thefe in our Minds, .but fhould never be made Matter of Sport and Pafi‘ime, Recreation and Diverfion. ‘ That this would be a barbarous and inhuman Abufe offuch fad Speétacles. But, as often as we beheld them, We fhould blefs God for pre- ferving Us from their miferable State, and do c c i c t c c non-n0“ them again reftored to their Senfes, and recoi vered to their right Mind.’ Bet/916m Hofpital, the State of it, A'mzo '1754‘. ‘ Admitted into the -Hofpital of Betblmz, this Year, difiraélecl Men and Women, one Hundred and fifty-five. . - f ‘ Cured of their Lunacy, and'dii'Charged thence, this Year, .feveral of them being relieved with Cloathing and Money at their Departure, twenty-2 one of whom, and of the Patients now in the Houfe, were cured of the Small-POX; and, among thofe difcharged well, eleven had been dil‘traé‘ted above two Years, and fix above a Year and a Half, before their Application to this Hofpit’al, one Hundred and three. - . " ' r Buried this Year, after much Charge bellowed upon them in their Lunacy and Sicknefs, forty; nine. ‘ , Now remaining in the faid Hofpital under Cure, and provided for with Phyfic,‘ Diet, and other Relief, at the Charge of the faid Hofpital, two Hundred and fifty-feven. V . Befide's which, divers Perfons who have been cured in the faid Hofpital, are provided with Phyfic, at the'Charge of the faid iHofpital, to prevent the Return of their Lunacy. . ' ' There are generally, aboVe two HUndred‘ dig- of Bet/913m; and, though new Patients are from Time to Time admitted in the Room of thofe‘, who, by the Blefling of God, are cured and dif- charged, yet there are continual Applications made to the Governors for Admiffion of others ‘; and, in order to. make Room for fuch as may probably be reitered to their Senfes,’ the Gover- nors are obliged to rejet‘t, and turn out many, therefore the more deplorable as to themfelves; and often dan erbUsto others. , ' ' Some Beneafiions having been lately giventd the Governors :of Bethlem Hofpital to be applied to the .Ufe of incurable Lunatics, and the Goa fome additional Ground in Mamields, two Build- ings have been erected and finifhed; the one at the eait End of: the faid Hofpi‘tal for incarab‘le' Men Patients, and the other at the weft End'fot‘, incurable Women Patients ; and there are ' alrea-, dy one .Hund‘red admitted. But, infomuch‘ as the annualRevenues of the faid~Hofpital do not near anfwer the prefent annual Charge, there will be no Means of {Upporting an additional Expence for lncurables, without the Contribution 9f...._¢.h§1ji. . " ntab‘i‘e aar- wards them : ‘. T hat thefe had lof’t their Senfes, Spinal Set. . min at St. c wthh they once had _;’ and now had nothing 1137-121345,byDr. Hat. all we can to relieve them under it; to have . ' 2.22. ed in this noble City. Bethlem Hofpit‘al. ritable Perfons; and this feems to 'be the only neceITary Charity for which a Provifion is wantw A Lift of the Governors of Bridewell and Bethle- hem Hofpitals. The Right Hon; the ,Lord Mayor and Court of Aldermen for the Time being. ‘ The Right Worlhipful mam Benn, Efq; A1- derman and Prefident. The Worfhipful Robert .41] , Efq; Alderman and Treafurer. ffofeph Aylofi'e, Efq; Auditdr-General. Earl of Aylesford. -Mr. j’ames .dnderton. Hildibrandflllington,Efq. Sir Anthony flbdy. kVilliam Annefley, Efq. Mr. fohn oil/gill. Mr. Roger Altham. yohn flflick, Efq Sir Rich. Adams. Sir yohn Albdy. His Grace the Duke of Beaufort. Mr. Deputy Ballard. Thomas Beckford, Efq. Ofmyn Bea'Uoir, Efq. Mr. Richard Bridgman. Mr. Deputy Bayley. Dr. William Barrowby. Mr. George Blake/lay. .Thomas Bowdler, Efq. yohn Bacon, Efq. Mr. Hugh Bonfoy. Thomas Bram/ton, Efq. Mr. Samuel Bridgman. Mr. Barnaby Backwell. Mr. Thomas Berwick. Dr. VVi/liam Batty. Robert Barber, Efq-. Worbonne Berkeley, Efq. ,Mr. Richard Blunt. __ A Mr. Richard, Byrbridge. H. Bamb. Buckeridge,Efq. Mr. Richard Briflow. Mr. Philip Bromfield. Mr‘. Uppington Bracy. - Mr. Francis Brownfmith. Mr. Cal‘vert Benn. Mr. Edward Berwick. Mr. PVilliam Backwell. Mr. Henry Banks. Henry Bathur/t, Efq. Peter Bold, Efq. .George Bram/ton, Efq. Sir. Walter Wag/inf Ba- got. -Henry Campion, Efq. Sir Charles Bagot Che/tor. Mr. Charles Cotton. 7am Crokatt, Efq. Samuel Clarke,jEfq. _ Sir Nath. Curzan, Bart. Nathaniel Curzon, Efq. Samuel Clark, Efq. ,, Mr. William Cowper. , yohn Crawley, Efq. . ‘ Mr. Richard Charlton. M r.'Hammond Croft. - Thomas Carew, Efq. . 7ofiph Cranmer, 'Efq. Sir ij‘dr Child, Bart. ,' Sir 7ohn Chapman, Bart. Mr. Benjamin Cleave. _ Mr. Deputy 7ohnClarke‘. Sir Will Courtney, Bart. . Mr. Robert Henfliaw. , Mr. Francis Harling. ' Mr. john Howell. Thomas Clark, Efq. Felix Calvert, Efq. Bouchier Cleave, Efq. Stephen Comyn, Efq. Richard Clark, Efq. Dr. William Cocks. . H. Regin. Courtney, Efq. George Cooke, Efq. Francis Capper, Efq. Mr. Robert Carr. yohn Cholwell, Efq. Earl of Cork. Dr. Pierce Dodd. William Drayeott, Efq.’ Mr. George Dance.- Mr. George Drake. William Drake, Efq. fame: Dawkins,jun.Efq. Philip Dyot, Efq. Mr. Robert Elliot. Lord Fever/ham. » Mr. l/Villiam Fletcher. Nicholas Fazakerly, Efq. .Peter Flower, Efq. Mr. 7ohn Forty. Mr. 7ohn Freke. Mr. Henry Fienes. fllexanderForrdter, Efq. Sir Cordell Firebrace. The Rev. Dr. Freeman. Earl Gower. Mr. Henry Godwin. Sir Sam. Garrard, Bart. Thomas Garrard, Efq. Edward Gilbert, Efq. Edward Gibbon, Efq. ?ofeph Gape, Efq. Mr. Benjamin Gafcoyne. Mr. Maurice Grtfiths. Mr. yonathan Granger. M r. Thomas Gordon. Mr. Charles Gi/by. Mr. Philip Grafton. Charles Gray, Efq. Mr. William Giles. Will. Levefi Gower, Efq- FrancisGul/ton, Efq.’ - The Right Hon. Philip, , LordHardwick, Lord High Chancellor. Mr. Thomas Haflhll. Mr. yohn Haflell. Mr; Mark Holman. 701m. Hall, Efq. . Malachi Hawtayne, Efq. T homas.Hardy, Efq. Mr. Stephen Hervey. ' A Henry Hoare, Efq. . 7ofeph Hall, Efqy. 7am“ Heywood, Efq-. Robert Harley, Efq. 2 7ohn Hervey, Efq. Chejter Moor Hall, Efq. Dr. Edward Hody. Francis Horne, Efq. , Dr. Hawley. 7acob Houblon, Efq. Mr. William Hart. William Hanmer, Efq. 7ames Humberflon, Efq; Mr. Henry Hall. William Hamilton, Efq. Mr. 70hr: Hankins. Mr. Thomas Harrop. Mr. Langley Hill. 7ohn Horne, Efq. Mr. Deputy Hodges; Mr. Thomas Han/on.- ‘ George Heathcote, Efq. William Harvey, Equ Mr. Newman Hatley; Mr. 7onathan Hall. Thomas Harri/on, Efq. Mr. William Hogarth. Mr. William Heaton. Mr. .VVilliam j‘ackfon. Mr. Daniel Irty‘on. Mr. Samuel 7ohn. Sir Edmund I/ham, Bart; Edward 7ennings, Efq. Mr. Walter 7ones. Richard Knollys, Efq. Mr. William Kinlzflde. The Right Rev. Lord Bifhop of London. Earl of Litehfield. . Mr. Charles Lloyd. Richard Lockwood, Efq. William Lethieulier, Efq. Edward Li/le, Efq. }'ohn Lock, Efq. Mr. yohn Lowe. Dr. Matthew Lee. Mr. Daniel Lambert. Mr. 7ohn Li/le. . Peter Legh‘, Efq.‘- Mr. Charles Lowth. Mr. Thomas Lennard. Richard Lifter, Efq. Robin/on Lytton, Efq. Lord Adiddleton. kVilliam Morrice, Efq. Mr. yohn Markham. -Mr. Deputy Moore. Mr. Thomas Mofiley. Rudolph Meyer, Efq. 7ohn Morriee, Efq. William Moreton, Efq. The Hon. Wm. Murray. M'les Man, Efq. Mr. Thomas Mnors. . Mr. Peter Meyer. , Mr. Franois Mannooch. George Montgomery, Efq. Sir Philip Mufgratve. Mr. [Michael Martindale. ' Mr. 7ohn Mofeley. - Mr. Deputy Richar Molyneux. ‘ Thomas Mufgratoe, Efq. 70hr: Mafon, Efq. Mr. Samuel Maekley. Mr. Richard Manby. Dr. 7ohn Monroe. , Mo/Es Mndez, ‘ 4. ‘ monly live upon pilfering Sugar and ‘ Tobacco on the Keys, and afterwards be- ‘ come Pick-pockets and Houfe-breakers, ‘ many of whom, at lait, have received C ‘ Work, and get their Livings honei’cly in ‘ the faid Workhoufe. ‘ 5. Many Parifh Children. 7 ‘ All thefe, being taken into the faid Work— houfe, are there taught to read and write, and kept to Work, until they are qualified to be put Out to be Apprentices, and for the Sea-Services, or otherwife difpofed. . *' ‘ a A h o ‘ II. The Beggars and Vagrants. They are thofe {turdy and infolent Men and Women who live in the Skirts and Out—parts of this City, and Places contiguous thereto, and other Stragglers and Wanderers, who too frequently refort to this City: Which, when apprehended and taken, are in the faid Workhoufe kept to hard Work and Labour, until'they are by Law difcharged therefrom. ‘ III. The idle and diforderly Perfons, are ‘ thofe Rogues and vagrant Men which are there ‘ kept until they are put into the Qieen’s Ser— ‘ vice by Sea and Land ; and thofe ill Women ‘ which are taken up in the Streets, debauching ‘ the Youth, and others of this City, many of ‘ which, rather than be continued to Work and ‘ Labour, voluntarily tranfport themfelves to the -‘ “Efrem Plantations, whereby this City and ‘ Nation is rid of them.’ ' . ‘ In Building for thefe convenient Houfes, .‘ Work-Rooms, paying Officers and Servants, ‘ 9 and in providing Meat, Drink, Wafhing, Lodg- ‘ ing, Cloaths, and all other Necefi’aries, and to ‘ put them out Apprentices, great Sums of Mo- ‘ ney are yearly eXpended; befides what they ‘ feverally earn by their own Labour, and be; ‘ fides what hath been already raifed by the Corn: ‘ mon-Council of this City. ‘ The Confideration whereof is earneltly re- ‘ commended to all charitable Perfons, who are ‘ Well-Wilhers to Honour, Virtue, and Morali— .‘ ty, that they will vouchfafe, by their Wills, or ‘ otherwife, to give their Aid and Alliftance for ‘ the prOpagating and continuing this great ‘ Work ofCharity, which the Governors of the ‘ faid Corporation have, by their Care, Dili- ‘ gence, and Indufiry, already made fo good a ‘ Proficiency in, and which may preVent the ‘ Ruin of many idle and diforderly Perfons for " the future. ‘ Note, There are ‘in the Workhoufe feldom ‘ lefs than four hundred Children at Work, ‘ befides the grown Beggars, Vagrants, and Name of the Black Guard, who too com— . their due Rewards, and made their Exits . at the Gallows ; which are now kept to ' ‘ other idle and diforderly Perfons, who are ‘ there kept to hard Labour.’ ‘ Book I. Some Years ago the Governors built a very The new {trong and ufeful Building, and of large Dimen- Building- lions, containing, befides. other Apartments, three long Rooms or Galleries, one over another, for Workhoufes, which are all filled with Boys and Girls at Work, fome knitting, moI’t {pinning of Wool; and a convenient Number of Women and Men teaching and overfeeing them ; Fires burn- ing in the Chimnies in the Winter-time, to keep the Rooms and the Children warm. And they intend, if they get Money, to pull down the tell: of the old Houfes, where, now alfo, the Poor and the Vagrants are kept at their feveral Works, and to build a fair Court anfwerable to the fore- faid new Building, which, is on the fouth Side thereof. ’ It is to be wondered at, 'how all Things are contrived here, to the bef’t Advantage for Thrift and good Hufbandry, to maintain in CIOaths and Food fuch a vafl: Number as live and are har- boured here. Some are Taylors, fome Shoema- kers, fome knit Stockings. They brew their own Drink, having, in the new Building, erect- ed a large and convenient Brewhoufe, and over that a Malthoufe. They killed their own Beef and Mutton, and have for that Purpofe a Slaugh- terhoufe ; but fince they find it better Husban- dry to buy their Meat of the Butcher- And, in Cafe of Sicknefs, broken Limbs, or Sores, or Wounds, they have Advice, Phylic, and Surge- ry 2616 Part, ~- —— ‘ Buried, —— -- 1 6 Remaining at Leah-day, 17 54, —- 66 2698 Thefe Vagabonds, Beggars, €55. have proper Relief, and are employed in beating Hemp and wafhing' Linnen -, who by God’s Blefling, and thefe Means, have been brought to a Senfe of, their Crimes ; and many of them have reformed, and ufed an honeft Indufiry afterwards for their Livelihoods. , ' Of the Children here educated fince the Year - 1701, there have been difcharged and placed . forth Apprentices to Officers of Ships, to Trades, and to Service in feveral good Families, befides thefe mentioned in the prefent Account, three Thoufand , and within that Time twenty Thou— fand eight Hundred and fifty-four Vagabonds, Beggars, {9%. among which were feveral. notori- ous Impoi’tors, pretending to be lame, dumb, and blind, have been committed and punifhed with Confinement and hard Labour, in the Man~ ner above-mentioned. ’ Of the Children there have died three Hun— dred and twenty-fix, and of the Vagabonds two Hundred and forty-two; ‘ 5 By the afore—mentioned Act of Parliament, Power is granted for the Prefident and Governors of this Corporation, without Licence in-Nlort- _ main, to purchafe or receive any Lands, Tene- ments, and Hereditaments, not exceeding the yearly Value of three ‘thoufand Pounds, of. the Gift, Alienation, or Devife of any Perfon or Perfons, and any Goods, Chattels, or Sums o£ Money Whatfoever to be applied to the Ufes afore- faid. But as’ yet the prefent real Efiate belong» ing to the {aid Corporation, befides the Ground on which the Workhoufe is fituate, amounts to little more than one hundred Pounds per 117mm»; and the necefl‘ary Expence, far exceeding the. yearly Income, is difcharged by a Rate on the feveral Inhabitants of the City of London; not. having received, within thefe feven'Years pafi, above the'Sum of {even Hundred and feventyr Pounds in Benefaétions 5, whereby the further good Book 'I.‘ Chap. The Founda- tion of it. The Antiqui- I ties of this Hofpital.’ «Richly en- flowed. XXVII. good Defigns intended by this Charity are preven— ted. It is therefore humbly hoped, good and well- difpofed Perfons will be pleafed to encourage and cha‘ritably afliit this molt ufeful and beneficial Work 3 which is now appropriated folely to the Support of fuch unhappy dil’crefl‘ed Objeéts, as mui’c otherwife inevitably perifh, having neither Friends, nor any Parilhes to which they can make a pr0per Claim, and, being f0 young, are not able to fupport themfelves, the greateft Part be- ing from feven to twelve Years of Age : By which Means thefe poor deititute Children will be educated, maintained, and employed, and kept from the Diftrefs and Miferies thofe fuffer who want fuch an Education -, and in Time be- come ufeful Members of the Community, in- fiead of a Terror to the Inhabitants of this City, whilft pilfering and other ftroling Vagrants, fiurdy Beggars, lewd Night—Walkers, and fuch Other idle diforderly Perfons, being puniihed with Con- C H A P. XXVII. St. Catharine’s Ho/lhzlfal. 2. 2-9 finement and hard Labour, ma be ther ' ’ ""- reéted, refl'rained, and reformeclr. - eby cor ,N. B. There are fome Boys fit to go to Sea, and the Governors are ready to put them Apprenx trees to fuch Matters of Ships as are inclined to take them.] And now while we look back upon all thefe Hofpitals, and confider the noble Bounty where‘i With the Numbers contained in them are upheld, we may well ufe the Words of a very reverend D1v1ne,’ afterward Bifhop of Norwich, which he fpake long ago to the Citizens from. the Pulpit, 0n the fame Occafion : ‘ Blelfed be God, as good Dr. Hall‘s ‘ Works have abounded in this Age [of the Re- 3Pittal 3*“ ‘ formation] f0 this Place [London] hath fuper- mg“; Am", ‘ abounded in good Works. Be it fpoken to the I x ‘ ‘ Glory of that God, whofe all our good Works ‘ are, and to the Honour'of the Gofpel, Loni ‘ don {hall vie good Works with any City upon ‘ Earth.’ St. Catharine’s. Sutton’: Ho/Ioital, commonly called the Charter—houfe. The Savoy. Trinity College or Ho/pz'tal. Afk’s Hofioz'tal. Dulwich College. Chelfea College. Greenwich Hofpital. The Ho/pital at Deptford. Mora den. College. Sir Robert Jeffrey’s Hofpz'z‘al near Shoreditch. OW, belides thefe Hofpitals, whereof the Mayor, Aldermen, and Citizens are Pa— trons, there are, in or near the City, divers other molt ample and charitable Foundations, wherein they are not concerned : Which we {hall in the next Place lead our Stranger to. As firfi : HIS! antient Hofpital, called alfo a free I Chapel or College, fometime ftiled St. Catharine upon the Thames, is feated a little craft of thefower of London, and communicates its Tutelary Saint to it, being filled St. Catharine’s Tower. It had the Honour to befounded and endowed by Qieen Matilda, or Maud, Wife to King Stephen, the firi’t‘FOundrefs. Qieen Elea- nor, Wife to King Edward I, was next. And, thirdly, Philippa, the right noble Confort of King Edward III. And let me add a fourth (Amen, Qieen Catharine Dowager, late Patro— nefs of the faid Hofpital. It was founded for a Maf’ter, ” three Brothers, Chaplains, and three’ Sifters; 'ten poor Womencalled‘ Bede: Women, and fix poor Clerks, and fome 'add, for the good Education {of Children: But that is in- termitted. For the Antiquities of this Hofpital, Pope Honorius granted Privileges to thisHoufe by his Bull, extant in the Exrhequer. More of the an- tient State thereof may be feen in Porz‘fohen St. CATHARINE’J Hofpz'tal. ward, within the‘B'o’unds whereof it fiands, Yet~fomethihg thereof in this Place. " The .Mafliers of this Hofpital‘ have formerly, been of the Clergy,‘ and fo the Foundation feems . to require it’; bu't’4the con‘fiderable Benefit ac- cruingto the Mailers hath‘made it defired and fought; for "by Perfons of Chiality of the Laity ; and “fuch have of (later Times enjoyed it. That it was richly endoWed, we may conclude, fince noble Qieens haVe given their Bleflings to it. And, befides, it hath enjoyed divers ’Benefaétors. 'By a Rental of the Year 1649, communicated unto me by a Friend, fome of the Efiate may appear. The Sum Total of the‘Receipts at} Michaelmas in Money came to .1 I31. 4.5. I Igd. :. ‘Thefe Manors and Lordfhips are mentioned: there; Ru/henden and ”Dandley in .Minfler in the Ifle of Shipway, given by Clueen Philippa. Lands,1 Rents, and Tenements in the ToWns of Ren‘ham and Hartlz'p in Kent. The Manor of Chg'flnghury’ Priory in W'z'lloi The Manor of Eauarles in South-~z hampton. The Manors of Queens Court and Berm‘ grave, or Bringra've, and Rein/ham in Kent. A Mill in Rainham in the fame County. Queen/hwy in Herz‘ford/hz're. Certain Annuities out of Hamp- jhz're; and the Exchequer. Certain Acres of Mea- dow at Blachwall. Befides Claxton and Upchurch, given by Qieen Eleanor. There are mentioned above eighty Tenants, all paying fmall Rents; the chief Benefit of the Hofpital, I fuppofe, ly-s ing in renewing of the Leafes. . Out of a certain Charter, it appears that therA Royal He- Mafier of St'. Catharine’s was bound to give gem]??? t5) twelve poor Men every Day 12 d. from the 16th “25;; y s of ' Novemher [which is the Depofition of Edmund Archbifhop] till the Day of St. Edmund, [King and Martyr, which is the 20th Day of November] and alfo a Thoufand half Pence to a Thoufand poor Men that Day, being the Day King Henry ‘III. died. , There is a very fair Church belonging to this Divine Sgr. Hofpital, where Prayers are daily faid, and on viqe faidhere 'the Lord’s Days Sermons preached confiantly “‘1’" throughout the Year, performed by the three Brothers or Chaplains, or by their Procurement. The Mafiers here made by far the greateft Be- ‘nefit, by renewing and granting of Leafes, while the inferiOr Members were fain to content them- felves with the ancient Allowance; till of late, upon Complaint, a Vifitation being made of this 'HOfpital by the Lord Somerr, then Lord Chan- cellor, Sir 7ame3 Butler being Mafier, divers Abufes were redreffed, and reafonab‘le Additions made to the old Stipends. . It is not to be expeéted, that an exaél; Lift Mafiers of lhould be prefented of all the Mal’ters of this t1“”‘10‘3’ML very antient Houfe. Yet fome of them have been 701:. 02550”, iretrieved by the Indul’try and Reading of a Friend Bluemantla. of mine, very ftudious and knowing in Hifiory and Antiquities, who kindly communicated the fame unto me, and they are as follows : Thoma: Leehhad, fuh Edwardo I. as by Letters Patents of that King’s Mother, Anna 127 3. ' Richard do Laflhal, in the Beginning of King Edward III. And after him ' Richard de Bil/ll, E codice quodam‘authenticO. A Vilitation ' of this Hof- pital. 70h}! 2.30 :754- . The Liberty of this Hof- pital in Dan- ger of being fold away, An. 1565. Pap. Oflzee. Sutton’s H'ofpital. .f _ 70hr: Hermeflhorp, in the Time of Edward III. Stow’s Survey, Pag. 927. Edit. 1633. Paalus de Monttjlorio, i. e. Adonifflear. V William de Kehdejhy flnno 1377. I R. 2. when there was an Infpeximas, concerning St. Catha- rine’s. And therein is Mention of Paula: before- named, flnno 1435. Thomas Bee/rington, that was afterwards Bifhop of Bath and I'Vells. He'renewed the Charter. So Godwin. ' [lfi'llc'arnW'ernham, Dr. of Divinity, An. 14.84. 2 R. . . Richard Paine, Clerk, 14 H. 7. The Names of thefe two lait communicated by E. G. - j’ohn Preflon, An. 153 5. 27 H. 8. As appears by the Writing in the Glafs Window, of the Hou‘fe belonging to the fenior Brother, where Mr. Gih‘hons had long dwelt, to wit, frOm the 9th ofFehraary I 66?; till Ma)l I 1', 1701, and fome Years long-en] He had been Matter long before, as appears by this Record, Anna prime Hen. 8. Johannes Prefion hahet Caflodiam Ho/joitalis Ste. Catherinae, jnxta Turrim London : ad 'vitam. Privat. Sigill. - Gilhert Latham, 37 H. 8. as by a certain In- ventory, which I have feen. 7 Dr. .Mallet, Anne I 5 56, in @een iMary’s Time, and her Captain. Fox’s Martyrology. . George, Biihop of Landaff. \Vhat the’Time was that he was Mailer is unknown, E. G. [There was no Billiop of Landafl of this Chrif- tian Name but George de Athagna, a Spaniard, and- Chaplain to Qieen Catharine of Spain -, whowas Biihop of this See, Alnno 1516.], ,; Thoma; Wjilfon, Dr. of Law, in the Time of (been Eli/aherh, her principal- Secretary. He had been Tutor to the two Sons of Charlei Bran— don, Duke of Safiollc, in Edward the .VIth’s Time. It is faid, that he difiblved theChoir, that might have equalled tha‘zyof Si. Paul’s. :i. _ ' Ralph Rook/19', Efq; .472. 1596. Sir Rohert Afion, 192- 1631» undstJKi‘figf 'Charler I. ' ' ' Sir :7iiliar Cafar, Knt. Drfiof' the CiVilgLaWA He died An. i636. ’ ' , .fi ' Henry Montague fucceeded him; - . Dr.vCox fucceeded him. 1 p ,. . ,3 George Alonz‘agae, under King'CharletI-I, who died in 72d} 168i": M ~ Lord Brnnlrer fucceededlhim. A He died Apr. 5. 1684. Then followed 7 . Sir 7am: Boiler: Extinguifhed, An. 1698. Lewis Darar, Earl of Fever/ham, next Mailer. Waller, ~Efq; is the prefent,Mafter. I _ In the Year 1565, Dr. Wylfon being Mafia; the Precinét of St. Catharine’s was in Dangerpfi lofing itsancient Privilegesswhich occafiohgdé an earnefl: Addrefs from the Inhabitants to Sec —'; tary Ceeyl, complaining unto him againi’ca t e; A \ faid Maiter, that he intended, as much asihin; _ him lay, for a private Gain of a Sum of Mon ,l clearly for ever to fell and make away toga Lord 'Mayor of the City of 'London, andvhisl Brethren and the‘Commonalty, the Whole Liber— ty, Right, Franchifes,.Royalties, and Privilege} belonging to the faid Houfe andflofpital, that- did appertain and were Part of Ith‘e'Dowry of the Qieens of this Realm -, which would be, as they fet forth, an utter Subverfion and Extinguifli- . ing of the true Foundation thereof -, and theifn— poverifhing, Decay, and Undoing of them'and The Inhabi- tants of St. Catharine’s, their Report of this Place. their Poiterity. And, that the whole Intent and Purpofe of ’thefe Orators might be the better conceived, they drew out divers Notes, and Articles, for the'ISe- - cretary to confider. ' , . . Firfi, That St. Catharine’s was. an Hofpital’or free Chapel, founded by Kings and Qleens of this Realm above three Hundred Years ago,3and . 2 AC . ‘ ~ ' i L 1 D , Book I. the Foundation never fince altered to any other Ufe or Purpofe, than according to that Grant of the great Charter it was mentioned. . , That. the Mafiers of the Hofpital had been taken by the faid Charter, as Cir/iode: and Gover— nors of the faid Hofpital, and as Upholders of the Privileges thereof; and not to alter the true Ufe and Right thereof. As no Mai’ter hitherto durft or went about to infringe or break, .to their Knowledge. ' That it was always Parcel of the Dowry of the Qieens of this Realm. That the true Ufe of the Hofpital was, for The Ufe and the Divine Service of God, to be a free, pure, and Intent of this perpetual Alms of the Poor; fix Scholars to be Hdpl‘al' maintained, and other Charges of the fame Houfe by due Means to be fupported. And that they the faid Inhabitants ihould inhabit and dwell for evermoreVVWithin the Circuit of the {aid Hof- pital, as] freely enjoying, and ufing the Privi- leges, Liberties, Tuition and Defences thereof. - That the Mailer, being but Governor, ought not to ufe, or abufe any Liberties, Franchifes, or Privileges, other than is prefcribed him in the faid Charter. . That a great Commodity and Profit. was The Inhabzi brought by them, the, Inhabitants, to the Houfe. rants. ' For, whereas before the Mailers flood to the Charges of Reparations of all the Tenements in the faid Precinét, thesFarmers and Tenants now, having Leafes, did at their own Cof’c bear the whole Charges by building and maintaining. They paid to the faid Houfe for Burials, Chriit- nings, .Marriages, four Offering Days,and Clerks Wages, orderly, as other Citizens did, faving pri; vy Tithes, which they never paid. ,That they paid, .forWatch to the. Tower, 28s. everpronth, and were'_-burthened at all Callingspand Com— mandment‘s“ to the Tower Of London, *V‘about the ineenI‘s Buiinefs, as in Watching and other At- tcndencisSa-a -, . .1 , - .. _. Theypraylcd, the Secretary would call; before him El}¢:;;§9mptrqllet, Surveyor, and ._Serjeant ,Plummen of the deen’s,§\7\{ork, who of late had .furveyedthe Houfe,..and {were able‘to inform " 7 him of other Abufesjofsthe faid;Houfe. And this feemedyto'givefa-Stop to thisBd'finefs] Sutton”: Hofin‘tal, commonly. called the Charter- 1 ' houfe. , x . N. D': nOW we {hall lead our Stranger to ano- Sultan's Hog A thereufiofpital 0f.a;.later Foundation, in pitalorC/mre the iReign’of King 3’ame5 I. lying pwithinvthe Li- fer-harks mits of London, thpugliout of the Liberties, fi- :7‘ '- tuate near-St; 7ohn’s Street, a little without'Srnith— field‘B'aiio, in the very- Place, where Sir Walter M nny',“ in thelTi'me of ”King Edward III, found-'- ._ed a Houfe of Carthzifiang, called now corruptly f1” he Chairlerhogefln] , . - This late diifolvedCha I rterhoafl, by WefliSLinith- I have truly field, belonging then» tofthe Right Honourable fetd°wn a" . ‘ , . r‘ : L , ~ h- . ”We: 333111.93..Sufilt..,a£ter.1.ord Treafurer of 25133.? gas England; washfiicemly.ksenato he averngrge me, in Writ; and goedlreManfiona horrified withfmaous god bx or; Gardens, Walks, Orchards, and Other Bkafures, goi'i eta-313th enriched ,with' divers Dependencies of L ‘ndszand and Credit. 44.1%., Tenements thereunto belonging, and very aptly feared fonwholelome Air, and many other;_Czom- . modities. All which Commodioufnefs offiitua- tion, andi-Lar'genefs of: Qircuitrgave Qccafion to a well—minded Gentleman, Mailer Thoma; Surf ton, to affect that ,Houfe, as the only Place whereOn, to..build the F oundationof ‘his religious PurpofegFolr, among other his Chrifiian.Deter- minationsyzhahad formerly intended to build ,an His firfi pug. ‘ Houfe atfflallin hwy Boaeherr"in Eflex, tolbe an pOfe at Hal- Hofpital for the poor Men; and Children‘as he €351“) in 5/5 himfelf, an his ‘ LifeLtime,~.or future Governors i i K 1 for the fame to‘ be depuied,‘ ihould think fit {:30 .. _ \. V p e l‘l'l 5-2:“ , all “| M ”“3 ' I J“ I r Chap. XXVII . Sutton’: be lodged and relieved there : Alfo for a School- maiter and Ufher, to teach Children to read and write, and inftruc't them in the Latin and Greek Grammar, with a learned Divine likewife to preach the Word-of God to them all, and a Mailer befide to govern all thofe People belong— ing to that Houfe. How he in~ To this bleiied End and Purpofe, he had pro-' tendedhto cured, by earnei’c Suit, Power, by an Aét of Par- ‘em‘ ‘ e liament, to build fuch an Hofpital in the Town Realm]. of Hallinghary Boaohers, and that the fame ihould benamed, ‘I he Hofpital of King James, founded in Hallingbury in the County of Efi‘ex, at the ham- ~hle Petition, and at the only Co/lr and Charge: of Thomas Sutton, Efq; appointing ali'o-fuch ho- nourable, reverend, and Worthy Perfons, as by the laid Aé‘t of Parliament were nominated and . appointed, to be the firi’c and ini’tant Governors of the Lands,Pofl‘eflions, Goods, and Revenues of the faid Hoipital. The Clem”- But afterward, upon more 'grounded Delibera- 1’0“/‘ “‘5’” tion, and finding this goodly Houfe of the Char- convement . for 3,, H01; ter—honfi: [to be much more convenient for the pital than Purpofe, than that to be built at Hallinghury ”0157'E5W- could be; he became an earnei‘t Suiter to the Earl of Snfolk, to purchafe that I-Ioufe of him ; acquainting his Honour with the Alteration of his Mind concerning Hallinghnry, and his earneit Defire - to make the Charter-hoafe his Hofpital. The Earl being f0 honourably inclined to lo god- ly a Motion, the Matter fui’tained the leis De- bating between them : But, the Price being con- cluded on, the Bargain and Sale were allured. The Sum, dilburied for this Purpofe, amounted to 130001. which was paid down in Hand, be- fore the Sealing of the Conveyance. . Then he became Suiter again to his Majeity, to perform all that at the Charter-hank, which he had formerly intended at Hallinghary; where-, to the King readily yielded, being gracioufly af- feéted to la charitable a Work, and granted his Letters Patents to the fame Eii'eé‘t; And the The firfi GO- Right Reverend Father in God, George Archbi-x . ”in“; :1" ihop of Canterhary, Thomas Lord Elle/mere, Lord {(2235 Pi: Chancellor of England -, Rohert Lord High Trea- tent, of King furer of England 5, john eleét Bifnop of London; farm’s HOf- Lancelot Bifh0p of Ely; Sir Edward Coke, Knt. Pgil’ dimmd' Chief Jui’tice of the Common Pleas; Sir Thomas 21,;2,e,,c;,,,,/;,.Fojler Knt'. one of his Majeity’s Jui’cices of the Common Pleas; Sir Henry Hohard, Knight and Baronet, Attorney-general; yam Oneral, Dean of St. Paul’s in London; George Moantaine, Dean of We/iminjler; Henry Thar/hy, Efq; one of the Mailers of , the Chancery ; Gefl‘rey Mghtingale, Eiq; Richard Sutton, Efq; yohn Law, Gent. The- ma: Brown, Gent. and the Mai’ter of the Hofpi- tal of King j‘amer, founded in the Charter—hoafe, within the County of Middle/ex, at the humble Petition, and the only Colts and Charges of 7 ho. Sutton, Eiq; were eleéted, nominated, and ordain- ed by the King’s moit excellent MaJeity, in his Letters Patents granted, to be the firi’c Governors of the Lands, Poii'eflions, Revenues and Goods of the forefaid Hofpital, and continual Mainte- The Lands nance thereof in Form following. . . made °Ver by I. All his Manors and Lordihips of Soathminfler, 2,1: ffigfififg’: Norton, Little Hallinghnry, alias Hallinghury Boa-V and Math Stanhridge, in the County of tenance of the them, {aid Hofpital Efix if" 3333:" of All his Manors and Lordlhips of Baflingthorpe, . £52,, Inllhe alias Bnflingthorpe, and Dunne/17y, in the County of Lincoln. . All thofe his Manors and Lordihips of Sal- thorp, alias Saltrop, alias Haltrop, Chilton, and County of Lincoln. In the County of Ill/ills. Lands and Paiiure- . Grounds in thofe his Lands and Paiture-Grounds, called Wilt“ Inthe Blaekgrone, containing by Eftimation two hun- Counties of . l1 1’) A C S - dred Acres of Failure, Wit 1: e ppurtenan e Camhrzdge,Ef— , _ , fax, and Mid. 1n Blaekgro'oe and Wroughton, 1n the laid County til/Mex. , Blackgrove, in the County of Wilts. And alfo all /h Hofpitalz of W'iltt. . And alfo in that his Manor ' ' ’1 dlen,Pothfi:wifefcalled the Manor of Mflzhdjweilflih tie ari es 0 Wroa hton L di , in the faid County. g , y erde, and Tregoje, ‘. All that his Manor of Eloomhe, and a Park called Eleomhe Park, in the faid County. 9 All that his Manor of Watelcyiote, alias Wiglef- rote, alias W'z'glefl’ete, in the laid/County of Wilts. 'All that his Manor of Wefleote, alias Welleete, Wlth the Appurtenances, in' the {aid County of PViltr. And alfo all thoie his Lands and Pai’tures,‘ containing by Eitimation one hundred Acres of Land, and fixty Acres of Failures, with the Appurtenances, in Wiglefiote and Wroughton, in the laid County of Wilts. And all that his Ma~ nor of Ufeote with the Appurtenances. And alfo thofe his two Mefl'uages, and a thoufand Acres of Land, two thoufand Acres of Failure, three hundred Acres of Meadow, and three hundred Acres of Wood, with'the Appurtenances, inBrode- hinton, in the faid County of -W'iltr. All thofe the Manors and Lordihips of Camps, alias Camper Caflele, otherwife called Cajlle C amper, With the Appurtenances, lituate, lying, being, and extending in the Counties of Camhridge and Eflex, or in either of them, or elfewhere within the Realm of England. His Manor of Bal/ham, in the County of Cambridge. And all his Mefd * iuages and Lands, which are in the Pariihes of Hackney and Tottenham in the County of Mddlefiax, or in either of them. And all and fingular the Manors, Lordihips, Meiiuages, Lands, Tene- ments, Reverfions, Services, Meadows, Paitures, Woods, Advowfons, Patronages of Churches, and Hereditaments of the faid Thoma: Sutton whatfoever, fituate, lying, or being Within the {aid Counties of Eflex, Lincoln, Wilts, Camhridge, and .Middlefex, or in any of them, with all and every of their Rights, Members, and Appurte- nances Whatfoever. Except all his Manors or Exceptions. Lordihips of Littlehary and Hadde/loche, with ' their Appurtenances, in the County of Efli’x. \ Befides all this Bounty of his Hofpital, be- Legacies gi- hold ! what Legacies he hath given to charitable V8" ‘0 Char" U fes. table Ui'es. To the poor People in Ber'wieh, one hundred Marks. To the Poor of Stoke-Newington, 101. To the poor F flhermen of the .Town of Oflend in the Low—Countries, 100 l. ‘ To the Mending of the Highways between . All there Iflington and Newington, in the County of Middle- Works to be fex, forty Marks. done, ““1“” .- . Monies aid, To the Mending of the Highways betweenwithin aPYear .221 A brief Re- hearfal of the former Grants. vfl/hden and -Walden, called Walden Lane, in the after his De- County of Eflex, IOOl. ceafe. To the Mending of the Highways between Great Lynton, in the County of Camhridge, and the faid Town of Walden, 601. 13 s. 4 d. , Towards the Mending of Hor/eth Lane, '60 I. To the Mending of the Bridges and ordinary Highways, between Southminjler and Maiden in Efix, IOOl. ‘ , . ' To the Chamber of London, 1000 l: to be To ten poo, yearly lent to. ten young Merchants, not having Merchants. any great Stocks of their OWn. And thofe ten Men to be appointed by the Lord Mayor and Aldermen of the City for the Time being, and the Dean of St. Paul’s : They are not to pay any ~ Ufe for the Money, nor any to enjoy it above the Space of one Year. To the poor People of Had/loch, 20 l. Legacies to To the Poor of Littlehary and Bag/ham, 4.0 l. the Poor 0" To the Parfon and Church-Wardens of Bal- $233; am, for the Time being, towards the buying a Bell, to’be hanged UP in the Steéple, to amend the Ring there, 20 1. To the Poor of Soathminfler, 201. T o the Poor of Little Hallinghuiy, 201. - N ‘n n T0 u. 2.32 To the Poorof. Dun/hy Com. Lincoln, 201. The poorPri- . To thepoorisPrifoners in the Prifons of Lud- fonm' gate, Newgate, thetwoCornpters in London, the King’s Bench, and the Mar/holfea, 2001. to be paidanddixidedamong the fame Prifoners by even and equal Portions. . , Tothe Matter, Fellows, and Scholars of the Corporation of: :7qu College. in Comhridge, five hundred Marks,- '_ ,To the Mailer, Fellows, and Scholars of the Conporation of Mgdolen College in Comhridge, r00}....,..._ . . :Towards the Building .of his intended Hof- pital, Chapel, and School-Houfe, five thoufand Pounds, if he lived not to fee it performed in hIS Lifetime. Beiide, he hath given into the Trea- iZury or Store—houfe of the fame intended Hofpi— tal, tobegin their Stock with, and to defend the Rights of the .Houi'e, IOOOl. His Love to Learning. To his Hof- pital. —_ T 0 every one of his Feoffees, put in Trui’t . about his intended 'Hofpital, 261. I 3 5. 4d. . To the Poor of Beverly, a Clofe in Cottinghoin. , ..Tt) the Foot of Lincoln, a Remainder of Years in the Rectory of Glenthom, Com. Lincoln. , To Mailer Hutton, Vicar of Littlehury, 201. . To the Poor offlompr Coflle, IO 1. .‘ To the Poor of Eloomhe, IO 1. ~ ToMr..Floud, Parfon of Newington, I 31. 6s. 8d. i To the Poor of the Parifh of Hockney, IO 1. , His Hofpital, confifiing of a Mafier, Governor Nfimberin a Preacher, a free School, with a Mai’ter and 33:33:51“ Uiher, eighty poor People, and forty Scholars, Madam, is is maintained wrth fuflicrent Cloathing, Meat, 180. ‘ ' Drink, Lodging and Wages ; befides Officers and Minifters to attend on them; and the Num- ber to increafe, according as the Revenue upon the Expiration of the Leafes is increafed. . This famous Hofpital with the Value of the Egglgflgable Lands laid unto it, the Purchafe of the Home, that ever was Stock laid in, and Allowance towards the Build- given in Eng- ing’ : Alfo, the Remainder of his Goods unbe- 10’1de one queathed, his large Gifts and Legacies to‘ di-v Ma” and t° vers honourable and worthy Friends, befide The whole The greatefi P915 Ufes. great Store of. far more inferior Account, furpai- ling my Capacity to number, and the Refidue of tTEVfiIitythoufand Pounds left to the Difcretion of his Executor ; may well and worthily be faid to be the very greatei’t and mofi; bountiful Gift, that. ever. at any Time was given in England 3 no Abbey, at'the firi’t Foundation thereof, excepted, ‘- 0r thereWith to'b'e Compared, being the Gift of n oneMan only. , . - .. “fir-3W0” But alas! what Perpetuity is there to be ex- gf‘iogfiflmf; peéted in this Life, where there is no other Cer— hisHopes taintythan of Change? While. all Eyes {land taketheir.Ef- azing on this hopeful Intention, and every Ear {651- Fulfilling to hear, when it would come to Eifeét ; thatFnemy to infinite good andgodly Purpofes, Death, takes away the worthy Mailer Work- man ,‘yet not unprovided, as too many are ; for he had‘his needful .Occaiions, befitting Provifi- Ion.for;fo long a Journey, readily fealed up in the Peace of a good Confcience : And that, which .. , , . the Tyrant Death'had bereft him of, he left to ‘Fhéfirecu-_ the Performnceof‘his faithful Exe'cutors, Maf- 32:30:20 1" tetBichord Sutton and Mailer» yohnLuw, Men of religious and Upright Souls, and, God be thanked, the Work is ‘accompliilied-z‘ And on the: Monday after Mehoelmos Day, being the third Day of .Oo‘ioher, rhino Dow. 1614,, the Captains and Gentlemen entered into theirfamou‘s prepared Hofpital,’ to tlte'G-lory-of God, Honour of the King’s moi’t Royal .Majei’ty, Credit of the Go- vernors, Comfort of them appointed ”to it, and, 'Joy of all good Minds to behold it; " - - _.Thus, though. norTong'ue or Pen can either f0 amply exprefs or fufliciently for down the great Deferts of this" in good and wOrthy a Man ; yet, Death havinggivena Periodto-his Life, and Charte’r—houfe; ...or laid himin la goodly Tenth, in the "Chapel'of’ his own Hoiipital, there 'We mui’thow leave him,- with this In» cri-ption thereon engraven : Sacred to the Glory of God, in grateful Memory" of ThomurSutton, Efq; - Here lieth huried the Body of Thomas Sutton, lute of Caitle Camps, in the County of Cambridge, £qu 115‘. who/2’ only Co/t‘s and Charges thi; Hofloi— ml was founded, and endowed with large Pofifi- our, for the Relief of poor Men and Children. He was a Gentleman, Born at Knayth, in the County of Lincoln, of worthy and hone/t Paren— tuge. He lived to the flge of [evenly—nine Tears, and deeeofld the 12th Day of December, 1122. Dom. 16 I I. Mailer Hutton was the firi’c Mailer of this Mailers that Hofpital, according to the Mind of Mr. Sutton. have heel} of Mr. Penrne was the SeCond. the H°[P“31‘ Mr. Hooker the Third, who died there in his ‘Mai’cerfhip, and lieth buried in the Chapel. . Mr. 701m Low, one of Mr. Sultan’s Execu- tors, lieth alfo there buried in the Chapel, and- hath a Monument or Remembrance of him, fixed in the cafe Wall of the ,faid Chapel. In the Year 1629, Percival Burrel, who was A Sermon the fourth fettled Preacher of King jomefs Verified in, Hofpital in the Chorter-houfe, preached a Sermon iiiiiia‘iioih” there, printed, and intitled Sutton’s Synagogue, 7. 5. ° or the Engli/h Centurion, fhewing the unparalleled ' Bounty of Prote/lunt Pioty. The Text was 'in Luke VII. 5. He has huilt u: u Synagogue. It was dedicated to the Archbiihop of Cunterhury and the refi: of the Governors. This Sermon Dr. Goodall, late Phyiician of the Charter-hon]? fhew—3 ed me; as he likewife very friendly communi- cated to me divers other Writings and Ini’cruc- tions, relating to this noble Foundation. ‘ - By the Foundation Statutes, this Hofpital is'WhatPerfons to confif’t of a Mailer, or Governor, a Chaplain;this HorPital for preaching and faying divine Service twice a cmmfisgfi Day, eighty decayed Men which ought to be'Gen- R‘ ’- tlemen, Merchants, or Soldiers, and forty Scholars to be infirué‘ted in Learning by a Schoolmai’ter and an Uiher, who are to be able and approved - Scholars. All which have a plentiful Mainte; nance allowed them, in Lodging, Diet, Cloaths, and Phyiic, living in a collegiate Manner, be- fides‘ the Allowance of Money for private Ex- pences, the Men having 6 or 71. per Ann. paid them, befides each a new Gown every two Years, with a fuflicient- (Luantity of Coals for Firing in their particular Chambers, befides the Convenienr cy of the great Fires kept in the public ‘Halls, during the cold Seafon. - ' ~ ‘ The Boys, or' Scholars, are habited alfo iniTheScholarsJ Gowns, like the Men. And when, any of them, are fit for the Univerfities, and are eleéted, each one, fent thither, is to receive 20 l. per Ann. for‘ eight Years, to be paid out of the Revenues for: their Maintenance. And, as for thofe Boys that are found more fit for Trades, there is .'a eon- fiderable Sum fet apart to bind-fuch out ‘Appren; " tices to good Trades -, fo~ that,‘Wh'en they come" A very coi‘tly and beautiful Tomb in the well Side of , the @ire. 450- be Men, they may be in a Way to get, their Livelihood. , . _ . , . _ And as any of thefe forty Boysr'are difpofed of Scholars “a ‘ as aforefaid, orpdie ;‘ as likewife when any of the 01dMen,how: olvd‘Me'n die; others are placed in their Rooms “ken "l‘ by. theGovernors, each taking his Turn. And, . in Truth, happy are they that, are f0 taken from the Cares and Sin-rows of the" 'World, and fixed for their Lives.in fo good a Place asthefe’ old - Menare; having: nothing tojtake-Care for, but ~the Good of their Souls, to ferve God, and to live in brotherly Love together; that, when they ‘ ihall leave this their terrei’trial Habitation of .' Content, they'rmyibe made Fellow Citizens in”. ' . the ,Chapg :XXVII. _ Sutton-’3‘ ‘Hofloitol. the heavenly 7erufolem. Which God inhis great; Mercy grant to us all.] The Endow— ment. 3'. S amounted to 70001. more. That the Founder endowed it with 40001. per Ann. which is fince improved to 60001. And to this Day it is a mofl: flourifhing and tifeful Foundation. Benefices be- l°ngith° the Charter-boufi School, to the Revenue of this ElszfiCbarter' Foundation are many Ecclefial’tical Preferments appertaining, which are in the Difpofal of the Account of GOvernors : As, I. The Malterlhip of the Houfe. Ehe/Cl’grter' 2. Thefe Re€tories : Ifi, Bel/bum. ‘ 2d, Cuflle- Saajvf’Hti’m. Comps. 3d, Horfe/oeud. 4th, Hullinglzury. 5th, Dun/Ly. 6th, Sout/omz'nfler. 7th, Cold-Norton. 8th, Little—M‘gborow, all good Livings. In the Pro— . motion to which, fuch as are bred in the Houfe, have the Preference before any other. . one endea- But, when Sutton was dead, this his molt {plen- vours by Law did Foundation received a dangerous Shock by grejovir‘l/‘F the Means of a private Perfon, who endeavour— ”“r 2' "0196' ed to {wallow it up. For his only Sif’ter’s Son, named Simon Baxter,- attempted, as next Heir, to ‘take Poflelfion of it, and the whole Efiate annex- . ed to it. This Man entered an Aétion of Tref— I x Coft, oiz. 130001. the Charges afterWards laid: out upon it, to fit it for its deligned Purpofe,j pafs againl‘t the Executors of Mr. Sutton, and the. _G0vernors, the laf’t Day of Trinity-Term, I o 74:. in the King’s-Bomb, for a violent Entry made by the {aid Executors and Governors, May the 30th, the fame Year. The Caufe had in it divers Points of Law flarted to overthrow the Settlement, viz. ten Points. On the Plaintifi’s Side, was Sir Fron- cz's Bacon,Sollicitor—General, Mr. Guulter, of the Temple, and Mr. Teloerton, of Gray’s-Inn. On the Defendants, Huooort', Attorney-General, Hut— ton, Serjeant at Law, and Coventry, of the Inner— Temple. An Adjournment was made of the Caufe, from the King’s—Bench to the Exchequer-Chamber, and there folemnly argued by theJudges of the Land. And at length it was here adjudged, with great Applaufe of all that heard it, for the De- fendants, the Governors of the Hofpital. The Plaintifii being but a Man of ordinary (Dilallty, was judged to have Reafon to be contented 'with ' a tolerable Provifion that had been made for him, and fuitable to his Degree; for he had allotted to him, by Will, the Manor of Tureen/6,, in Lan- Veo/bire, confifting of alfair ancient Houfe,‘ two Parks, and large Demefnes, plentifully ftored withTimber, valued at three Hundred and fifty Pounds per flnnum. _ _ Orders el’ta- I There was an El’tablilhrnent of this Founda- bliflxed for it. tio'n, with excellent Orders, yune 2 I, 1627, and Iigned with King Cburles’s Hand, ‘vz'z. The [Io/pita! of King James, founded in the Char- ; ter—houfe, in tloe County of Middlefex, at the bum— o2.» Polition, and only Co/l, of Thomas Sutton, Efq. This Stile to be inviolably obferved-and exprefi‘ed upon all Evidences, Conveyances, Leafes, {9%. An AnniVerfary Commemoration of the F oun- der, to be kept every 12th Day of Decemoer, with folemn Service and a Sermon,- and Increafe of Commons, asuon other F el’tival Days. ‘ ._ - h The Governors, jointly taken, to make the Head of this Bod corporate -, the poor Brothers, Scholars, and O cers, asare mentioned in the LetterslPatents, to be [filed the Members :jThey are to be chofen within two Months afterthe Va- , cancy. . . All otherQflicers of theRevenue or Heufhold, - not mentionedparticularly in .the'Lettets Parents, to be reputedapd taken as. .Members of-arbitrary Election ;_’-and in, the Governor’s Power .to make them moregora lefs, and to chufe themvfooner, or later. _ , _' _ .. , ”No Membetgf the Foundation, orofiarbitrary Election, that is lodged in the Houfe, to be a mar- 2 tied .Man, either at the Time of. his Admifiion, or _ _ 4 after; and, T] b , '7 In rho”, we are told, that befi des the firl’cl 1 ,le e to bedeprned. The common Seal to be kept in the Evidence‘ houfe, and under four Keys, to be kept as fhould be direéted; the Malter of the Hofpital to have the Keeping of one. ., The Statutes and Ordinances for the Govern- ment of the Hofpital concluded upon by the Go‘ . ; vernors and ratified b t1 . F Or a further Benefit of the Scholars bred up in i , Y 1e common Seal, ‘0 be fairly and twice engrolfed in Parchment; where- of the Original, with the common Seal annexed, to be kept in the Evidence-houfe, and the other to be bound up in avBook, to remain in the ‘Ma-s fier’s Cuf’tody, and to be brought to the Table at every Aliembly. ‘ . Thefe, with many other Ordinances, too large to be here fet down, may be read in the Book of the Foundation of this Houfe, written by Horne, printed flnno 1 677, which are alfo tranfcribed, but imperfectly, in the New View of London, printed 1708. In thefe Ordinances are mentioned the Qialifications of the Matter, the Preacher, the Phyfician, the Regilter, the Brethren, the Schod lars, {9°C. . The Way of getting Children into this School, is, that the Governors, at an Aflembly, make a Lift, and nominate their Lad, each of them, who, being approved of, is certain to come into the Place, though it lhould fall after the Governor’s Death. And, till the former Nomination and Warrant be ferved, no other can have any Claim or Virtue ; and, therefore, the beft Way to get a Place for a young Lad is, to be early in making: Application. . , . _‘ ' . .- The Number maintainedin the Houfe, when~ Mr. Herne wrote his Book, which wasflnno I 676, was one Hundred and eighty-eight Perfons, be-. fides twenty-ninewScholars at the Univerlities, and the Ill-angling Council to the I-Ioufe; who then were, Sir William 7oner, the King’s Attor—, hey-General, and Mr. Deleon, of the Temple; who had retaining Fees from the Houfe. .~ At the Admiflion of eVery Member, it is requia red, that he be fober in Mind, and healthful in Body ;' of which latter, Information is to be gi- ven by the Surgeon, with the Approbation of- the Phyfician, by an Order made, December 10, 161 . ' . , - _ 03f later Time, there hath been. an Alteration of the Salaries, according to the Increafe of the- Revenues, by the great Wifdom and Care of the Governors. At firft, twenty-four Boys were al~ lowed at the Univerfity twenty Pounds per flung Five Scholars are added fince, by the good Care and Providence of Mr; 04%;, the Maiden. At the firlt, forty Boys were to be taken :into the; School -, new four more are added. TheMal‘ter’s Salary hath been railed from fifty/Pounds per flnn. How Scholars are got in here. The Number maintained. Members how qualifi- ed. Salaries; ' to one Hundred Pounds, and late-1y to two Hum. dred Pounds per Annum. The Preacher’s Salary," from forty Pounds per Annum, to one~Hundred Pounds. The Schoolmal’ter’s, from thirty Pound-s; to one Hundred Peunds'per Annum.~ ,The Reagg der’s, from twentyPounds tq thirtyPgundsyer Annum. . The Apprentices have ”their -‘ twenty Pounds doubled. 5 l i i - . ~l‘. s‘d. 'ob.: The'antient Revenue came to " 449-3” 19' to ob. New purchafed Lands 897' I 3" 09 oh. The 14w. ion near eight Thoutan'd Pounds in' Lorres or the the Time of Beaumont, _Maf,ter, andflgtoord, R5,- Houfe. gift‘erbinthe Years 1623- and 1624-. .;_~And,'1n~ the Year 1649, the Home was robbed of one Thoufand fix Hundred Pounds, fet behind—hand, againin' the Time, of,~;Gerord, anorher Matter. And yet, by God’s Blefiing, conliderable Adddtzi; .— Orders for this Hofpital. Sutton’s . Hat/pita]. ' Orders. ons have been made to the Eltate and Revenues of the charitable Foundation, fince the Year r614, when it was firl’t filled. Orders have been made by the GOVernors at feveral Times fince’ the faid Hofpital’s firi’t Foun- dation, and yet continuing in Force, to be ob- fe’rVed by the poor Men, Penfioners, and Bro— thers ; as, namely, ‘ , No Man to be admitted, unlefs he {hall appear . to be clean and found of Body. . Not to wear long Hair, or any Weapon with— in the faid Houfe. ' If any fall lick, and cannot come into the Hall, to have his Part in Diet in his Chamber, or his weekly Allowance in Money. ~ - - The Mafier of the Hofpital, and every Officer, poor Man and Member, to take their Diet in the Dining~halls appointed for that Purpofe, unlefs in Time of Sicknefs. ‘ No Oflicer, Penlioner, or Member, to fend or carry away Bread, Beer, or Meat from their Ta- bles; but what remains, to be befiowed upon poor Men and Women that do Service in the Hof- ital. P One of the poor Men, in their feveral Turns, and the Mai’ter Cook, to go weekly to the Mar— ket with the Steward, or his Man, to buy Provi- fion of F leih and Filh for the Diet of the Hofpi- tal ; to fee it be good and fweet, and ready Mo- ney paid for it. The Mafter and all the Members to take their Dinner and Supper in the Common-hall, and not in their Chambers. None to lit down before Grace be faid, and the Mai’ter and chief Officers or other Bufinefs, without the Mafier’s Leave: And that but for two Months at furthef’c. None to pafs the Out-gate of the Hofpiral in their Livery-gowns, upon Pain of a Month’s Commons out of his Qiarter’s Wages. I ’ Not to undertake the following of other Men’s Caufes and Suits : Nor to procure Molel’tation or Troubles to the King’s Subjects; Whenfoever. any Penfioner, or poor Man, fhall, with or without Leave, go' into into the Country, or be abfent -, or {hall lie in or about London, W ell- min/fer, or elfewheref; he lhall have no Allowance at all in Money, or otherwife, for his Commons, during any fuch Time. Nor be fufi'ered to be odt of Commons, but to take and eat his Commons in the common Dine- ing—hall, according to the Orders of the Houfe. Other Orders there were made by' the Gover- nors, not fo proper to be comprehended in this Table; but are, with thefe abovementioned, tran- fcribed into a Book remaining in the Vel’try, Whereunto any Penfioner may have Recourfet to fee and read, for his better Knowledge and Infor— matron. For the Ufe of the Members of this Hofpital, there are prepared very pious and well compofed Prayers upon feveral Occafions, fuited for the pri- vate Devotion of the antient Gentlemen in this Houfe -, as upon their Admiflion ; on the Foun- der’s Day -, upon the Deceafe of a Penfioner; in the Morning before he itirs abroad ; in the Even- ing -, a Prayer before the Sacrament, another af- ter Receiving; in Time of Sicknefs 3 a Prayer to be {aid by a young Scholar of the Houfe. Book I. Prayers: According to the Orders made in the Year I 62 7, An Act for beforementioned, wherein, among other Things, copfirminig it was ordered, That all Diligence ihould be ufed ‘1‘“ H” ”- fer, nor to arife before Grace be faid. All the poor Brethren, and other inferior Ofii- cers, to give dutiful Reverence to the Mai’ter of the Hofpital, whenfoever they {hall happen to be in his Prefence; and when he fhall fpeak to any of them, or they to him, to be uncovered. , ‘ None to'» give or receive any evil, reviling, or railing Speeches of him before his Face, or behind his Back, and to be obedient to him in his lawful Commands and Injunctions. ' V f' To be diligent in frequenting the Chapel twice a Day, and there to behave themfelves reVerently; and to receive the holy Communion thrice every Year, viz. at Chrg'flmos, Eo/ter, and Whitfuntz’de. 1? None to draw any Weapon in the faid Hofpital, to the Intent to hurt any Member, Or to {trike in Anger any of the Houfe -,‘ or be Convict of any notorious Crime puniihable by the Laws of the Realm, upon— Pain to' be removed out of the Houfe. - -' . None to "intermeddlc with any Bufinefs touch- ing the Afihirs of the Hofpital, but to attend on- ly to the Service of God, and take thankfully what is provided for them, without Muttering, Murmufing, or Grudging. None to wear any Weapon,.long Hair, coloured Boots, Spurs, or coloured Shoes,- Feathers in their Hats, or any Ruffian-like or"unfeemly«Apparel, but fuch as V becomesirHofpital Men to wear. " None to lodge abroad out of‘his ordinary Lodg- ing, orfufi'er any Strangeritollodge in any of their Lodgings. . A- , - , - Not to haunt Houfes fufpeé‘ted of Incontinency, Gaming-houfes, common Bowling-allies, Ta- verns, Ajehoufes', by Day or Night, 65:. neither to ufe‘SWearih‘g, or takingp'God’s holy Name in vain, norfrailin‘g at his Fellowibrethren, nor to be given to Drunkennefs, or. other notorious‘Vice. None to go to any Tavern or 'Alehoufe‘with ‘hi‘s'Livery-‘gown on his-Back. . i. . , Nor to have Leave to pafs the Seas upon what Pretenee 'foever, but MiPatition to thei‘Gover~ nors. _ - ' " ' . ,. " - Nor to go into the Country to vifit their Friends, -' .3 ‘ . . , . ,I L. . . to obtain an Act of Parliament for the Confirma- tion of the Foundation, an Act was made, 3 Car. I. the Title whereOf was, fln flit for the e/tohlt/hing and confirming of the Hofln'tol of King James, founded in the Charter-Houfe in the County of Middlefex, (ft. and of the Poflefions thereof. ‘ Dudley, Lord North, had a Manfion-houfe at or near the eafl: End of the Charter-houfe; con- cerning which, the faid Aft made a Provifo, that it fhould not extend to give any Title to the faid Hofpital to pofl'efs it 5 and alfo other Mefl‘uages, Tenements, or Hereditaments, of the faid Lord North, being within, or near, the Precinét of the ‘ faid Hofpital ; but he, his Tenants, and Aflig‘ nees, to hold and enjoy the fame again‘it the Go- . vernors, Maf’ter, and other Owners of the faid Hofpital, according to the true Meaning of a , Grant, Covenant, Claufe, 83c. in one Deed and “ Feoffment made by Edward, Lord North, unto Sir W'dlz'om Peter, Knt. and others, bearing Date the 6th of November, in the 5th Year of (been Eli/oheth ; and another Deed made by Roger Lord North, and others, to Thomas, late Duke of Nor- fol/e, bearing Date the lafl: Day of‘Moy, in the 7th of the faid (Qieen. And nothing in this Aét contained any Ways to extend unto the Manfion-houfe of Elifizheth, Vifcountefs Maid/lone, fituate and being in the Charter-hook Church-yard, near unto the {aid Hofpital, «nor to any Buildings, Out-houfes, fife. therewithfufed : Nori’to any IVIanlion-houfes, . Buildings, or Grolmds therewith .ufed, of any 0- ther Perfon or Perfons, within or near the Pre- cinct of the faid Church-yard or Hofpital, and ‘ not conveyed,” or mentioned to be conveyed, by the faid Thoma: Sutton, to the faid2Governors. ' . Theantient poor Men," Which“ this Houfe doth Eighty poo: - maintain, are eighty in Number : cholim by each particular Governor, every-one in their Order, taking his Turn to put in a poor Man.“ The Sortereign only putteth in two, (2:1; Provifo for the Lord North’s Houfe. And they are Men main- " tamed. Chap. XXVII. An Obferva- tion upon their Morta— lity. Governors of the molt Ho- nourablc Rank. there alfo ended their Days. rei’c one a-piece, in their refpeé‘tive Turns, as Places happen to be vacant. And this they do by a Warrant, font to the Mafier and Regif’ter of the Houfe, under a Form thus fuperfcribed : To my lovingr Friends, the Ma/ler and Regi/ler of Sut— ton’s Hofpital. From 1614, to 1676, when Mr. Herne’s Book of this Hofpital came forth, there had been ad- mitted five Hundred and fifty-four poor Men‘, and By which Account it was computed, that, out of eighty aged Men, there died but nine in a Year : Whence an Ob- fervation was made of the Healthfulnefs and Sweetnefs of the Place. To which another Ob— fervation may be made, of the Advantage of a regular, temperate Courfe, for Length of Days. The King, or teen, the Lord Chancellor, the Lord .Treafurer, the Archbifhop of Canterhury, are Governors of Courfe; and commonly other Perfons of the Court, or highel’t Nobility, are named Governors of this Hofpital. And it was the Founder’s Wifdom, who, in his Will, made Choice of Men of Honour and Power to be the firf’t Governors, that were able to maintain his Foundation by their Interel’t, and to grace it with their Honour. T he prefi’nt Governors. The KIN G. Earls of Sandwich, Har- The P R IN C E. rington, Gower, Gran— The Archbilhop of Can- ville, and Holdernefi, terhury. and the Lord Chief Lord Chancellor. Jul’cice of the Common- The Dukes of Dorfet, Pleas. " Grafton, Bedford, De- The Rev. Dr. Beareroft, von/hire, Marlhorough, Maf’ter. and Neweajlle. ' T he Oflieers are The Rev. Dr. Beareroft, Mr. Melmoth, Regifi‘er. Maiter. 7.5peneerColepepperfifq; Reverend Dr. Savage, VReceiver. _ . Preacher. Mr. Mathawhins, Sur- Reverend Mr. 5‘. Nicols, eon. Reader. Mr. Markham, Apothe- Dr. Harwys, Phyfician. . Cary. Rev.Mr.Cruflus,School- An Organii’c, aChapel— mafter. fl» Clerk, and a Gar- Rev. [William Ram/den, dener. ‘ M. A. Under—mailer. The Hofpital of the Savoy. 7. s. TheSAVOY. N the Liberty of the Dutchy of Laneajler, fi- tuate in the Strand, leading to We/lminfler, flood another famous Houfe of Charity, called ' The Savoy. It was anciently a very noble Houfe, built and inhabited by Peter, Duke of Savoy, Uncle to Qseen Eleanor, King Henry the Third’s Queen. After him, it came to the Duke of Lan- eafler, and was his Seat, being one of the molt magnificent Buildings in the Nation. Afterwards, being burnt down in a Rebellion, flnno I381, it lay in Afhes and Rubbiih, I know not how long : But, in the latter End of King King Henry the Seventh, he built it again; not now for an Houfe to be inhabited by Nobility, as it was be- fore, but to be a charitable Foundation, to har— bour an Hundred poor People, lick or lame, or Travellers, to be furnilhed with Lodging, Food, Firing, and Attendance, for a certain Time ; dedicating it to St. 70hn Bapti/t, and endowing it royally. And, over the Gate entering in, was the King’s Arms, and thefe two Lines in old Charaéters en- graven : King Henry the Seventh, to his Mrit and Honour, T his Hofpital founded, poor People to fueeour. To, this Hofpital were afterwards added, as it The Savoy. feievrpsii by thedlalt Will of King Henry the Swine/3, a a er, an tour Cha lains, to ra f h' his Royal Confort’s Sodl. p y 01‘ 15 and WEgon of an Extraél: of that King’s Will, there 3 -“ Item, Land afi'ured for the Hofpital of the “ Savoy, and Provifion of two Hundred Beds ‘ i and other Things for the Chapel there, five ‘ Hundred Marks Land. » . “ Item, For building and finifhing the faid Chapel and Hofpital, Money delivered to the Dean and Chapter of Paul’s, ten Thoufand Marks in Money.” - 1‘ 0 R C (C ‘6 3“~35 A Ma “.er and tour Chap.- lain In Compliance therewith, Kine Henry the‘ Mom" 2‘1!" Eighth, his Son, in the 2d Year Othis Reign, Volfl. 73" granted that Place, or Piece of Ground, called the Savoy, to Richard, Bifhop of Winchefler‘, Rich- ard, Bilhop of London, and disters others, Exe- cutors of King Henry the Seventh’s Will, for the Founding an Hofpital. And, by another Deed, flnno quarto, granted Licenfe to the faid. Execua tors, to found fuch Hofpital for five Secular Chaplains, one of which to be Mailer, to pray , for the good Efiate of him, and Catharine, his Confort, and for the Soul of King Henry‘the Sei venth, and Eli/aheth, his Confort, and flrthur, Prince of Wales ; and to be called, ‘I he Hofivital of Henry the Seventh, late King "of England, at the Savoy, and to be a Body corporate, and to have a common Seal, and yearly Revenues, to the Value of five Hundred Marks by the Year, for the Maintenance of the faid Chaplains, and fuch other Works of Mercy and Piety, as by the" faid Executors {hall be appointed. But to givefome further Light into this F ouns dation, as to the Revenues and Perfons belonging to it, and the Poor here relieved, I fhall give a brief Account of a Commiflion‘ ifl'ued ou’t fr‘onf the King, 5 Eden. VI, to Sir Roger Cholmley, Knt. Chief Baron of the Exchequer, and certain others, to vth this Hofpital, who were to spake particw lar Enquiry into thefe Articles : I. How and in what Sort, the Foundation, Statutes, and Ordinances of the faid Hofpital.’ were obferved. . II. Wherein the fame did agree with the com— mon Orders and Proceedings of the Realm in Caufes of Religion. III. How the Minifiers, both Men and VVo- men, gave Attendance, and did their Duties in their feveral Offices and Vocations. , .. IV. Of the State of the Houfe, and Order of the Lands. i‘ ' , Of which 1219:, this was the Sum of the‘Rei port they gave in to the King and his Councrl. l. s. d. The VaIUe and Iffues of the Lordfhips, Manors, Lands, Erie. the lai’t Year amount- ed to Reprifals, Fees, Payments, Expences, Reparations, Ede. So that the Expences exceeded the Revenue, by 541 5 505- }205 4 z Numerus Pauperum fli‘grotantium. The Numbers of the Poor refrefhed within the Hofpital, from .Miehaelmas, flnnoo, Edw. VI, to the 24th of Septemher, Alnno‘ 5: Edw. VI, of lick and impotent People, belrdesl others nightly lodged there, ‘ 8339 The yearly Fees and Salaries briefly flood tl is : n 7 l. s. d. To the Matter of the Hofpital 30 oo 0 To the four Chaplains - 16 00 or o w 000 A Commie. on, 5 Edw. VI. to vifit this Hofpital. The State and Condition of the Savoy. }746 ’7 WM» 236 Pili'olved. ' A {ke’s Two Conducts --—- 6 13 4. Thirteen Sifters 52 06 8 Ten Servants 22 06 8' Other Oflicers, as Phyfician, Sur- geon, Auditor, and Stew- 28 oo o ard Expences upon poor People I 33 06 40b. So that, befides the Damage this Houfe re- ceived by the firf’t Mailer of all, when the Trea- fure appointed by the Foundation and Statutes was by him totally confumed, and nothing remained thereof, the Snvqy was now become ruinous, and in a very declining Condition; which inclined the King, upon a Motion'made to him by the ’City of London, to difl‘olve it, as he did; and The Bedding granted the Beds and Furniture to the City, for and Revenue the Ufe and Benefit of the Poor, to be harbour— of the Saran} given to Bridmell. (been Many founds it a- new. The Chapel ' now a Parifh ,Church. Vifited by Archbifhop Grindal. Rogues get Harbour heme. , \ T—F‘.“ -a.-- .9 .M ed at Bridewell, and fettled much of the Reve- nues of the {aid Hofpital upon it: So that the Charity did not ceafe hereby, but was removed from one Place to another. ~ . But Qieen Mary, King Edward’s SuccelTor, founded the Savoy anew, incorporated and endow- ed it, and placed one 7ac/efon Maf’ter of the Hof- pital ; and then all the Court Ladies, and Maids of Honour, i Imitation of the Qieen’s Charity, contributed th ir Parts and Shares towards it, by fending fuflicient Store of Beds and Bedding, and other Things necelfary for Furniture of the Rooms, Where the Poor were to be harboured. In the Beginning of Qgeen Eli/anew, the Cha- pel became a Church, for the Inhabitants in and about the Parts of the Strand next the Savoy, to refort to, to hear divine Service and Sermons, and for the Adminif’cration of the Sacraments; and was f0 allowed and appointed by Grindnl, Bifhop of London, with the Confent of the Ma- fter, and the Parilh of St. Clement’s : And fo the Savoy, which formerly flood within the Pariihes of St..CZement’s Danes and St. Mary the Strand, was now become a Parifh itfelf. The Savoy had the bad Fortune to meet with another ill Mafier, 77mm: Tbnrlnnd by Name, who came in about (been EZz'fnéet/a’s Accefs to the Crown. He, befides that he was a Papil’t, and of a fcandalous Life, embezzled the Goods and Revenues, and the Poor wanted NeceiTaries, and ran the Houfe above two Thoufand Pounds in Debt: So that, in the Year I570, it was Vifit- ed by Archbifhop Grindnl, and others, and the Maf’ter was de rived ; but, upon Promife and Oath of better “Blehaviour, was afterwards reitored again about the Year I 575. . _ However this Houfe was founded and intend- ed for charitable Relief, yet it was much abufed ; fo that, in QpeenElz’fnnet/o’s Time, a great many 'Rogues, and‘idle Beggars, lheltered themfelves here, Upon Pretence of being needy, or lame, or lick, and to want Relief, according to the Order oft-he Foundation, which was, That the Ma— lter was fworn to receive Claudimnter, flgrotnn- tes, £99 Peregrinnntes. For, flnno 1581, in the ,Month of 7annnry, a Search being made by the Recorder, inLondon and the Suburbs, for Rogues, he fent- the Conl’tables of the Dutchy to the Hof— pital of the Savvy; and they brought to him, to , Bridewell, fixtall Fellows, that were Draymen, belonging unto Brewers, and were neither lame, lick, nor travelling Perfons. The Conl’tables, if , they might have'had their own Wills, would have brought as many more; but the ,Mai’ter wrote a very coUrteous Letter to the Recorder, and the other Jufiices, 'to pardon them: But, though he .wrotethus charitably for them, they were all foundly paid and fo fent Home to their Mafiers. And it was obferved, that the Savoy was a greatNurfery of thefe evil‘Perfons, and a [Jo/pita]. Place, as it was then ufed, not converted to any good Ufe or Purpofe. The more modern State of this Houfe is, that in the Reignof King Charles the 'Second, and fince, it was made Ufe of, in good Part, as a Garrifon ; and Soldiers are here lodged in Barracks, their Beds being placed as they ufually are in Hofpi- tals. The other Parts of the Hofpital are now turned into divers Dwelling-houfes, and granted away to private Perfons. TrinivaCoZZege, or Hofpz'tnl; Road, with a graceful Entrance, confil’ting of two Rows of Building, one Story high, fronting each other; the Length whereof, on both Sides, paved with F ree-f’tone, in the Middle a VGrafs— plat, inclofed with Pallifadoes, and let with young Fir—trees: And, at the further 'End northward, f’cands a very comely Chapel, With a Clock, af- cending with divers Steps, where Prayers are read on Sundays, W edandays, and Fridays : Which Chapel, on each End, is contiguous to two other Apartments. . It was founded in the Year 1695, for fuch, de~ cayed or ancient Seamen as had been Malters of Ships, or Pilots, or their Widows, and none other. There are Pumps belonging to every two Houfes. It was built by the Trinizjy-Honfe, upon a Piece of Ground given for that Ufe by a Sea Captain of Note, named Captain Mudd, of Ratclzfi fome Widow alfo contributing thereto. The Expences of this Building arofe from the Money of the Bannfl-Ofite, belonging to the Trini- zjy—Honfl’, by Aét, of Parliament 3 with which that Houfe continually performs great Charities, and gives monthly Reliefs to poor needy Mariners, or their Widows, to the Number of 'two Thoufand, and more. v This Hofpital contains twenty—eight Apart- ments, each confii’ting of two Rooms, one above another. . Every Pe’rfon belonging-to this Foundation at firl’c‘, received in Money, weekly, after this Pro- portion: Some a Crown, fome four Shillings, fome three Shillings and fix Pence, according to the Need or @ality of the Perfon : But the Pen- fion now is fettled at twelve Shillings, payable every firi’t Monday in the Month. _ Befides this Foundation for the Ufe and Bene- for the fame End, the one at Greenwich, and the other at Deptford 5 which {hall be» mentioned in their Place.» And, as this Hofpital lies on the great eaft Road from London, f0 there is another as ‘mo— dern, ' fituate at Hoxton, near the northern Road, was] A S K E’s Hofpz'tal, Torkfliire, who, dying in the Year 168--, was buried in flldermnnbur'y Church, in which Parifh he lived. By his laI’c Will, he left twenty Thou- fand Pounds to the Company of Haberdafhe'rs, in T wit, to build and endow an Hofpital, for the Harbour and Relief of twenty poor, decayed, ,fingle Men of the Company. And then, after 'divers other Legacies and charitable Bequei’ts, the whole Remainder of his Eitate he left to the faid. Company 3 which, as it held out, he gave them, in Trui’c, for twenty ipoor Boys, Sons of Haberdafhers, to be likewie maintained, and have Learning in the forefaid Foundation. Confe: Time an Elder Brother of the Company: His/ Book I i The modern State of this Hofpital. HIS is a very fair Structure of Brick and 7',;,,;O,-cozzgg, Stone, near Mle-End, north of the high for Sea Offi- CEX’S . y. S. Builder; Penfions.‘ fit of feafaring Men, there are two others founded ‘ O named from one Mr. Robert fl/ll‘e, an Ha- Aryans Hofpi. ‘berdaiher, that dealt» in raw Silk, born in tal fortwen— ty poor Men, and as many poor Boys. 7'. s, 2% a. W, é ,3 1". I: m 1: 4| lll‘hw HflMW-thaffi ’1 Jammy ,, , mum;mmuuwm _________ a ....... (amen/17.54 offlozviv UZZI fall/140007“ [‘4 f0! ‘/ / liéh’ii‘ W Hill Chap. XXVII. ‘ Confequ‘ently, fome of the chief Members of the Company entered upon the Ei’cate, which a- mounted to thirty Thoufand P0unds, and up- wards. And, upon this fair Bottom, they re— folved to ereét a very creditable Structure, both for the Honour of the Founder, and their own. A Model of a {ta-rely Building, as well as conve~ nient for the Purpoie, was drawn by Dr. Hook, the learned Mathematician of Gre/ham College: By which they, purchaiing a convenient Piece of Land at‘Hoxton, built that noble Hofpital that now fiands there, at the Expence of thirteen or fourteen Thoufand Pounds. Here are now maintained upon this Foundati- " on twenty poor Citizens, who have each their Lodgings, Firing, and Diet at a common Tablet together; and every two Years a Gown, and: three Pounds a Year in Money,- which, hereaf— ter, may be increafed. Likewiie, as many Boys : enjoy the fame Benefit, and alfo are taught to write and cypher, to fit them for ‘Callings. f To this Foundation belong alfo a School and a Chapel, where a Chaplain is provided to read Prayers twice a Day, and to teach the Children ; for which he hath his Diet at the common Ta- ble, forty Pounds a Year, and a very conveni- ent Apartment. The Hoipital itands advantageouily, with Grafs-plats before it, and Rows of Lime-trees. On the Piers of one of the great Gates going in, are two fizone Statues, reprefenting two of Afte’s Hofpital Men, in full Proportion. The Building is fui‘tained with 'i’tone Columns, with a handfome Portico underneath, the full Length of the Structure. Under the Pediment, is the Efligies of the F oUnder in Stone, his Gown on, and a Roll of Parchment in his Hand, which feems to be his hit Will. Underneath him is thus written : ROBERTO ASKE Armigero, hujus Hoflpitij Fundatori, Sooie. Haberda. B. M P. C. And oh one Side of him this Inicription : dune Chri/lz' MDCLXXXII. Soeietas Haberda— ’ jheorum de London hoe Hofpitium eondiderunt, ex Legato £9" Tejtamento R OB‘ERTI ASKE Armigeri, ejufdem Societatis 5 ad 'viginti Senum Alimenta, £3” totidem Puerorum Educationem. 0n the other Side this 'Inicription : The Wor/hipful Company of Haberdaihers built this Hoflzital, purfuant to the Gift and Tru/t of R. ASKE, Efg; a late Worthy Member of it, for- the Relief of twenty poor Members, and for the Education of twenty Boys, Sons of de- cayed Freeman of that Company. There are fome Colleges and Hofpitals yet re- maining to be ihewn, which, though they lie fome little Dii’tance from London, may, neverthe— lefs, feem to come under the Skirts and Shadow of ‘ it; and, therefore, not impertinent to be brought in here. One of thefe is,] 'Dulwieh College : Called T he College of God’s Gift; founded, ratified, and built, by Edward Alleyn, Efq; Anno Dom. 1614. ‘ ‘ Dulwich college. Edtoard Alleyn, Ei'q; fome Time a Pla er- Who‘ did publickly and audibly, in the Chagel bf the O , 137 faxd College,_ read and publiih one Writing How eiia- quadripartite in Parchment,- bearing Date the 1’5de by “15, Day and Year aforementioned; whereby he did “under" make, create, ereét, found, and eitabliih the faid College, according to the Power and Liberty gi-‘ ven him by his Majei’ty’s Letters Patents under the Great Seal, dated at Weflmin/ter the 21ft of yune, 1n the Year abovefaid. And, when he had read and publiihed the faid Writing, he fubfcrib- ed 1t Wlth his Name, and then fixed his Seal to every Part of the quadripartite Writing, in-the’ Prefence and Hearing of thefe Witneii‘es, *viz. Francis, Lord Verulam, Lord Chancellor of England, and one of his Majeity’s Privy Council. ' Thomas, (Earl of flrundel, Knight of the Gar; ter, Earl Marihal of England, and a Privy Counfellor; . . . ~ _ Sir Edward Cecil, Knight, alias General Cecil, fecond Son to Thomas, Earl of Exeter. . Sir fife/an Howland, Knight, and High Sheriff of the Counties of SuflE’x and Surry. Sir Edmund Bowyer, of Camberwell, Knt; Sir yohn Grymes, of Pee/eham, Knt. Sir john Bodley, of Stretham, Knt. Sir john Ton/ted, of Ca/halton, Knt; . ‘ With divers other Perfons of great Worth and ’ Refpeét. The four qUadripartite Writings, forenamed, were ordered to four feveral Pariihes, ‘LZZ. St. Botolpb’s, without Bi/hopfgate; St. Giles’s, with- out Crzpplegate; St. Saniour’s, in Southwar/t ; and the Pariih of Camberwell. fl brief Recital of tbe Particulars in thefizid Writings. Recital of the Letters Patents of King 7ames the Fir/t. Recital of the Founder’s Deed of Settlement quadripartite. Ordination of the Mailer, Warden, Ede.- Ordination of the Afiii‘tant Members. The Mafier and Warden to be unmarried,- and of the Age of one and twenty Years at leait. Of what Degrees the Fellows ought to be. Of what Condition the poor Brethren and Si-‘ iters, and the poor Scholars ought to be. Of what Pariihes the Aflii’tants ought to be. Out of what Pariihes the Poor are to be taken,- and fuch as are to be Members- of the College. The Form of their Eleétion. The Eleétion of the Maiter. The Warden to fupply, when the Mai’cer’s Place is void. The Election of the Warden. To be bound by Recognizance to perform his / Trui’t. He is to provide a Dinner at his Eleétion, of his own Coil: and Charges. The Manner of invei’tin-g the Fellows, and of eleéting the Scholars. Eleétion of the Poor of Camberwell. The Oath of the Maiter and Warden. The Oath of the Fellows. The poor Brothers and Sii’ters Oath. The Afli-i’tants Oath. - The Pronunciation of Admifiion. The Office of the Maiter, of the Warden, of I the Fellows, of the poor Brothers and 51‘ item, of the Matron, of the poor Scholars. Du/rwich Col. , T Dulwich, in the County of Surry, four 1636' ‘ Miles from the Borough of Southwark, on the I 3th of September, 1619, was ere&ed a C01— .The Porter’s Office. The Office of the thirty Members. if S' ‘ ' ' or R id 1 d , lled God’s Gz t, almoil: of the Nature of e 1 ency. _ gutgfn’sciiloipital - coiiiii‘tinor of one Mailer, one Orders for the Poor and their Goods. , 0 Of Obedience. Warden, and four Fellows; of which, three are to be Eccleiiai’tical Perions, and the fourth a {kilful Organiit: Moreover, twelve aged poor Peo- ple, and twelve poor Children. The Founder was i Orders for the Chapel and Burial. . Orders for the School and Scholars, and Place- ing’ them forth. Orders Cbel/ea Col- lege. .S. Chaplains. Chelfea College. . * Orders forDiet. The Scholars Surplices and Coats. Time for viewing Expences. . Publick Audit and private Sitting—Days. Audit and Treafury-Chamber. Of Lodgings. Orders about the Lands and Woods. ,, The Mailer and Warden allowed Diet for one Man each. And what Servants for the College, and their Wages. , ’ Difpofition and Divifion of the Revenues. Diipofition of the Rent of the Blue-houfe. The Poor to be taken out of any other Parifh or County, in cafe none be found capable in the Parifhes prefcribed. The Difpofition of the F orfeitures. The Statutes to be read over four feveral Times in the Year. . The Difpofition of certain Tenements in St. Sat'ionr’s ~Parifh, in Soul/aware] The Revenue is reckoned to be of the Value of 700 l. per flnnnm. , The Mailer of this College muft always be of the Founder’s Name, ‘viz. Alleynf There belong to this Foundation two School— maliers, whofe Salaries are each In 1. per Annum, and a Chaplain, whofe Salary is 12 l. per Annum. They have very good Chambers, and dine to- gether at a common Table, and their Fare plen- tiful. Tee Royal Hofliital at Chelfea. , O R what Ufe and Service this Houi'e was deligned, appears from a fair Infeription, in Capitals, upon the Cornice of the Piazza, viz. . In Snafldiam et Lenamen Emeritorum Senie, Bel— legaefrafiernm, Condidit C A R O L US II. Anx- it jflCOB US II. Perfecere GULIELMUS {5) MflR [/1 Rex 53’ Regina, MDCXC. This Holpital confifieth of two Wings, each three Hundred and fixty Feet long, and near eighty broad. It is three Stories high. On the north it is joined by :1 Chapel and Hall near the fame Dimenfions, and lieth open towards the fouth, having a pleafant View of the Gardens ad~ joining, of the Thames, and of Sarry beyond it. It hath fixteen Wards for the Accommodation of above four Hundred Men. Several Buildings are adjoining, that make two other large Courts, and are Apartments for the Officers and Servants of the Houfe, as Bakers, Launders, bio. for old [maimed Ofiicers of Horfe and Foot, and the In- firmary wherein to lodge the fick. _ Befides the Buildings is a large Piece of Ground inclofed, planted, and made into Walks, forethe Diverfion of the Soldiers: And, before it, very good Gardens and Canals, running down to the Thames Side. It confii’tsof forty Acres of Ground, :and was defigned by Sir Clori/lop/oer Wren, Sur- veyor—General of the Qieen’s Works. The Charge of Building is computed to be 1500001. There are now, in this Houfe, near five Hundred Men, which, with the Officers, Servants, and Out-Penfioners, make near eight Hundred. The valt Charges are defrayed out of the Poundage of the Army, which comes to 12000 i. a Year, or more; befides one Day’s Pay of each Officer, and of each common Soldier, once every Year, which amounts to above 30001. as Dr. C/‘oamoerlain ac- counted. There are Prayers twice a Day. The Chaplains are two, who have each 100 l. a Year Salary. The Furniture and Plate of the Chapel were gi- ven by King 74mm. They all dine in common in the Hall : The Officers by themfelves at a fe- parate Table. Over Head is a noble Piece of Painting of King Charles the Second on Horfe- Z back, with feveral others as big as the Life, de- figned by Signior Vario, finilhed by Mr. Coo/z, the Gift of the Earl of. Ranelaglo. The Pavement of the Chapel and Hall are black and white Mar- ble. . ' In the midlt of the Qiadrangle is a brafs Sta- tue of King Cbarles iloe Second, in the ancient Ro- man Dreis, fomewhat bigger than the Life, ftand~ ing upon a marble Pedeltal, given by Tomas Raf- tat -, it colt, they fay, 500 l. . He that is capable of Admifiion into this So- ciety, is-one that is maimed and difabled in the Service of the Crown, or that hath ferved the Crown twenty Years. They wear red Coats lined with blue, and are provided with all other Cloaths, Linen and Woollen, and have plentiful Diet,’ clean Lodging, Wafhing, and Firing: In Ihort, they live f0 eafily and conveniently, that fome Soldiers coming to fee this Hofpital, as Dr. Cham- berlain hath related, have almof’t longed to be old enough, or lame enough, to be admitted into the Society. This Houfe is called a Garrifon, and all the Members of it are obliged to do Duty in their re- fpeétive Turns. All thefe Things confidered, fome have concluded it the richei’c endowed Hof- pital that ever was founded by any King of Eng- land. It mui’t here be inferred, to the Commendation of Sir [William Read, the QJCEH’S Oculil’c, that he hath publickly declared himfelf ready to afiift fuch of this Hofpital, as have come to any Diff eafe or Accident in their Sight, by public Service ,in her Wars -, and‘hath accordingly-helped a great Number, which hath been tel’tified in public Ad- vertifements, by the Governors of the faid Hof- pital, as in Angafl, zln. 1705, this following: ‘ We, the Governor and Lieutenant-Gover- ‘ nor of her Majefty’s Royal Hofpital at Cloelfea, having, by our Certificates, recommended to Sir William Read, her Majef’cy’s Oculil’t, in Dar- ham—Yard, in—t-he Strand, London, feveral Pen- fioners, and Out—Penfioners, for Cureof Di- {tempers - in their Eyes, which they got in her Majei’ty’s Service : This is therefore to fatisfy the Public, that the faid Sir William Read, ac- cording to his ufual Charity to her Majel’ty’s Soldiers, hath performed the faid Cures gratis, without any Expence of Medicines to the Pa- tients; which is attei’ted by us for the public Service, as well as an Acknowledgment of Sir PVilliam’s Generofity.’ finhflhfiflflfiflflflfl C omingfioners. Prefident of the Council. Firfc Commifiioner of the Treal'ury. Principal Secretary of State. Paymal‘ter—General of the Forces. Secretary at War. Two Comptroller's of the Army. Governor, and Lieutenant-Governor of the Hofpital. . Principal Ofieers. Sir R. Rio/9', Bart. Governor - - 5001. Col. 3‘. Cofiley, Lieut. Governor - 200 1. Lane. Story, Major - - 4— t - 150 l. Claaplainr. 3‘ Rev. R. Green, T. Lowe - - - - 100 I.” Dr. M Monfey, Phyfician - - - 100 1. Secretary Peregrine Farye — ‘- - 100 l. Comptroller, Captain Snzitb - - — 100 l.‘ Deputy-Treafurer, Sir :7. Wynn, Bart. Iool. Steward, H. Harri: - - - p - - too 1. Surgeon, 70/972 Ranly - - - - 100 l. Surgeon’s Mate - - - - - ‘- 20 l. Surgeon’s Deputy l: - - - - 20 l. A thecar D. Gra am - -, - ~ ‘50 .» P0 y, ' Clerk Book 'I; Who are ad- mitted. I Difiempers in the Eyes of thefe Soldiers cured gratis, by Sir Willi— am Read, 0:: culili. l “.45.. :Lfiid : a - H awn, ”7’” 7:51:55; ‘- f 5; 3'1" 7.. 3 g 5 ; “ _V:._* .— w. 3/4, '7! \f- p)! VHF n‘rfijflm ., 33" "9” 3! WWW“: Q . '3 '.r V F“??? . “$33 333333333 3““:‘3‘ WW. é 3&3" ~33§3"3333,3§333333'a3%3333 IQ”??? 1K: 133 £54343 4 , .,.._.u_.g.,-,;,. I . H ..,' 5323333333 ..;& 3% “a. ,‘g 101$ 1“- w. ‘33,? 323%?“ fifiisw ' 31‘5“? Inf ' .' " ‘- 3‘3. :33. ‘3'.” fi'fligsfi‘. fifiafi‘k’ . Ltgied§33$§3§*.~. it”??? ““3333‘33’3533333‘33- 3 3), t J 3331'; 53"“ 3333.319 “ -'\ ' "33 3 ‘ \4. \ 33-493... 55. - ' "‘9” .' ."d - ', .' ‘ 3.253515%. e , y we . .- mm» 'X‘ ’3‘" - . ”3393:?!“ “3?; .3. (3' . ‘ . u 33333:,- ‘ ' '1’?“ ‘I I“. I I "l.’ ‘ I A _. 3 ‘ V . ..”‘ I — I" ' 3t; m.“ tau”? \s h" 'I ‘\ ‘&3T ' " {\- :r: 1 I. , m _ 5', {’5 “1"“:th3‘3“ ‘3"“vafié 5“ 1““ H. '. 7) . :3 . x ‘l' 3‘... ‘r Elk” vfikm" WP?) 135% '5‘. ‘H‘ . .fi ‘ _ 4r ' $333M Wfimflz an “3333'! 333-3333333533 ~ 4‘3 ' v—fi_'.'x_ “_ . 3:3};(3‘5; WI I?" hfi‘HGFEV 3“ 3"“ 8333 ‘3 'I It"): 3.:‘t‘l{lp‘la;:3‘£“t\ ' a .1... n“ X“ fihyfx'e“ \ 3!- 3mfii‘3' Haiku-$3} {is _-, .' , . . .31 333553313 . "WA? |- 31‘f.:;;-§:fi,,3g:.w§w_e r31: T :‘w. :9 " 3.331“ 33" 3‘3?” 3333:3353 ‘ 3.” $335 in: ‘3.“ . .u 4. fl 3 ' 3 - “3.35:13333'3‘ "‘3" 33,3333: ‘33 £3: 3533333353 "'xh '3" 3' ' I 3 ‘ ' -.‘| ‘.‘ I’ ' A I. n. ,. "3;" = 31 “39M “‘33:."3‘" 33:: 33333133 . M‘ - A ”3.33:53333333'3‘3‘ m‘ 74‘ "~‘(3 $333“; "I? .14; «513.32%5 333333;; " ’3 U 3' ' 's- \ '1 ' I " ’li W33 I'll. ‘I.".".” Itzv‘“ :. , .' i ‘ 3 3333333353mwi 3333‘ 3“ 33'3" ’3 3'33. 3“33333333333333! ' I‘M '3' 3 3 3‘“ I “flu. v 0“ ’nl'.“. 93:1” g" 31:91:33.3? ‘ in“ ,1I:I:".3_3,3.‘| “lam“ q ’2 II' ‘p 1:3 ‘ . - ,, .33» 3 ‘W 3333’ 32”»! ' .- 2%}. 4“ 3% @213‘33313133: 3" 3313333333“: 3 .“ 32‘ 11“ ' 33‘ 3“,! I"- "J ' ' ‘ 3 n t" ail-'33?“ - 3 “'3‘ N353»? ‘2'1‘3 "an-"v. M: itz‘k‘f‘e-“w .» . - JEN/333m “:33 ~ 3 32%;: "wé . w . . - .‘ 3- t. v _ ._ :--:l _ . . «:r.‘.:.’_""' 4 .1; 'F‘€.'."'r.-»'vw'v.-‘r::' :. '3"'::"" ,5, "” " ~ 34"?“ 3| ’ ': I 3 - ,. ”5 ’ 4' ‘ "1 ‘5’ "‘ w. Illr 1 my, Jul.“ «:4.» , ; _ _ “‘"- A < I.” ‘1‘???— , ‘ , ‘ ‘ ‘ ' ‘ ' ’ rmmwdwflwfi'm Max:755 , a * ' ' . 4 » 1.2% may: _ , , -- 124. ‘ I 5’ / 57/22 (22/2224 7/2222 2/// (/7232/22222242 222 ._ /22'222 /22/// /22m2222 WW 7/22/2/ @2/2/2/2222 22 22/ 2222222 2 2222.2 22 022/222 2/2 222 2222/ //22 /22222 222222/ 2228 /22222//22.22 m," ///2//22222 22 z 7222 22/2222 2/ 27212221275. 27 N_,_~...;\:....,.u *.5'f;....\~.-;tm>’£i~""1"'i< ,jgif‘v - . I‘ - - min-aw» ,. x..-» ‘ “,9.” ..,,,,',‘,y//,r/,;,u m . . ..',.m ,, . [‘Mwfln flmgflww‘ __ “/5," u, , ”Final/2., C ‘ ’ rwu$-, 1:5 aM” . 1 Ir, ff:'.‘.'.‘-’.”!,r~'. u ”urn,“ ’ . 4. .m _,,.u'u uflmugfiwahN»u~. n; mr.:,3-W;,—M.....‘ 4 ,rr: :,;,’y,"',/-,,,u,, . Mn N, u ,,n.y Jf‘fli:i ,q/w ,.,./ ,mH Hm.” " -’ :- . 4 .Nl'v ~I{~.;.,. “Hwy In NH Ir: ”nun "x— -\.V x *W v *4; "3" ”‘11:- ,r "’4 :’ ' 9. T 3 130%}. A? n In my Chap. XXVII. - Greenwicth Clerk of the Works, George Leech - 20 l.‘ within the Parilh of Eafl Greenwich,» beingiParg. Adjutant Captain, T . Ward - - - 601. ' Mailer Butler, 7.1/Vz'lton - - - - ' 401, Under Butler — - - .. — - ‘ - 251. ' Mafter Cook, hV. Kitchen — - - 401. ' Second Cook - ‘- - — — - - 301, Three under Cooks, each 10 l. a 30 l.- IVlafier Baker - - - - - - - 501. Comptroller of the Coal—yard - - — 201. Thirty-two Officers. and Servants who ' diet in the Hofpital, from 601. to 6 l. a Year. Twenty—four Nurfes, 8 I. each. Military Ofiieer: and Soldiers. T hirty-fix Officers, 6 d. per Day, and Provifion. Thirty-four Light-Horfe-Men, 2 5. per Week. Thirty-two Serjeants, 2 5. per Week. Forty—eight Corporals and Drums, ~ 10 d. a Week. Three Hundred and thirty-fix private Men, 8 (1. each a Week, for fifty- two Weeks and a Day. Thirteen Artificers, eight Tradefmen. Sexton—--——~*——2ol. Ulher ofthe Hall — - - - - - 201. Porter - — - - - - 121. Canal Keeper and Turncock - - - 2ol. Gardener — - - - - 2o 1. Two Sweepers - - - - - — - 20 l. Meifenger - - - 201. Organil’t - - - - - 201. Barber and Servants - - ‘ - - 601. Skullery Man — - ~ - - - — 201. Two Under Skulleries — - - - 20 1. Out Penfioners between eight and nine Thoufand, each 7 l. 12 s. 6 d. per Year.] T he Royal Hofln'tal at Greenwich. Greenwich ' HIS Provifion hath our Nation made Hofpital for now, by the good Providence of God, for IP°°r Seamen, decayed, aged, and maimed Sailors, that have ferved their King and Country by Sea in the royal Navies, and are reduced to Straits : A mofl: royal and {lately Foundation, ereé‘ted at Green- 'wz'ch upon the Thames, on the fouth-eal’t Side of London -, where formerly {’tood aHoufe of Pleafure for our Kings, which was originally built by Hamphry Duke of Gloaeefler, brother of Henry VI. and called by him Placentz’a. King Henry VII. much enlarged it, added to it a fmall Houfe of Friars Mendieant, and finilhed a Tower begun by Duke Hamphry on the Top of the Hill, where now fiands the Royal Obfervatory. It was com- pleted by King Henry the VIII, and afterwards much enlarged and beautified by Henry Howard Earl of Northampton, who dwelt in it. Here (Amen Mary and the ever memorable and prof- perous Qleen Elifaheth were born, and here died , King Edward VI. “ . The Park was enlarged, and walled about, and ' planted by King Charles II, foon after the Relic- i ration -, and the Defign or Plan of a Royal Pa- ? lace was then laid out, one Wing of which was finifhcd in a magnificent Manner, and makes now , the firit Wing of the Hofpital towards London. Founded by The Hofpital was of King Vl/z'lliam and Qieen ,, ' Kingmflim: Mary’s Foundation ; who in the Year _ 1694, l 3223““ Oe’i‘oher2 5, iiiued out their Letters Patents; where- }. in they gave and granted to Sir 7ohn Somers, ‘2 Lord Keeper, Thomas Duke of Leeds, Prefident of the Privy Council, Thomas Earl of Pembroke and Montgomery, Lord Privy Seal, Charley Duke of Shrew/bury, One of the principal Secretaries, l Sidney Lord Godolphz'n, firil: Commiffioner of the Treafury, and divers others, their Heirs and Af- figns, that Piece or Parcel of Ground fituate Hog-Dita]. ‘3 of their Majefties Manor of Eafl Greenwich, con-e taming in the whole eight Acres, two Roods, and- thirty-two fquare Perches -, and all that capital; Mefihage lately built, or in building by King Charles II, and ftill remaining unfiniihed, com- monly called, T he Palace at Greenajz'eh, and {eve-- ral other Edifices and Buildings: To the Intent that every Part thereof {hould be converted and employed unto and for the Ufe of an Hofpital, for the Relief of Seamen, their Widows and- Children, and Encouragement of Navigation: of his Reign, for a Commiflion for this Hofpi4 tal. Wherein firit‘was fet forth the Reafon of his founding this Hofpital ; namely, that nothing would more effectually contribute to the Trade, Navigation, and Naval Strength of this Realm, than the endeavouring to increafe the Number of Engli/h Seamen. And that the feafaring Men of this Kingdom had for a long Time diltinguiihed themfelves throughout the World for their Ina, dui‘try and Skilfulnefs in their proper Employe ments, and by their Courage and Confiancy ma- nifefted in Engagements and Hazard for the Dee fence and Honour of their native Country.- And that nothing was more likely to continue their antient Reputation, and to have greater Num’e bers to betake themfelves to' the Sea, than the making fome competent Provifion, that Seamen, who, by Age, Wounds, or other Accidents, lhould become difabled for further Service, at Sea, and fhould not be in a Condition to maintain themfelves comfortably, might. not fall under Hardlhips and Miferies,‘ but might befupported at the public Charge: And that the Children of fuch of fuch Seamen as fhould happen to be flain in the King’s Service, might in fome reafonable Manner be provided for and educated. And that, therefore, both he himfelf and the Qieen de- ceafed, having frequently reflected upon the Premifes fince their Acceffion to the Crown, had determined to ereét and eftablilh an Hofpital for the Purpofes aforefaid. Therefore, in thefe Letters Patents laf’t menti- oned, he commiflioned Prince George Hereditary of Denmark, the Archbifhop for the Time being, the Lord Chancellor or Lord Keeper for the Time being; alfo the Lord Prefident of the Council, the Lord Keeper of the Privy Seal, the Secretary of State for the Time being; and a. great Number more of the Nobility, the Biihops, the Aldermen of the City, Commiflioners of the. Navy, Sea Captains, Trinity Hon/e, and other Gentlemen, or fome of them ; to meet together from Time to Time for the executing of this Commifiion. As, to confider of proper Methods to be obferved in executing the fame, by im- powering Seven or more of them, whereof one or more to be of the Privy Council, of the Com~ millioners of the T reafury, {9%. to call others to their Aid and Affillance, and to appoint and confiitute Sub-Committees, and to call to them the King’s Surveyor General of his Works,“ and other Ai'til’ts, to confider, what Part of the Struélures and Buildings now [landing will be unfit or not .ferviceable for the Hofpital; and in what Manner fuch of the prefent Struéture as {hall be thought fit to fiand may befitted and repared for Ufe and Service : LilieWife to pre‘- pare Models of the Building, with iuch Schemes and Draughts as may belt explain the fame -, and to prefent fuch Models and Schemes to the King for his Royal Approbation. Likew1fe to pre» are a Charter or Charters of Foundation, and alfolhch Statutes, Confl'itutions, and Orders, as H «W—Mx-eem‘v'w NUMB. XXI. P P P Hilly difabled Seamen, and the Widows and Children‘ 239, The Year after, the King again, the ween, A Co'mmifl'i- being dead, ilTued out his Letters Patents, dated on for this the 1 2th of March, an. 1 69 5, and in the feventh HOfPl‘al' 2.40 Evelyn, firfl Treafurer. Greenwich flu/[Dita]. l 13533”: 55' #31351“ Yet-it Q ahdl-to ree'eiivethe King"s yearly. Allewancc'ftowards this" Building -, and alfo all Gifts and.~Suberiptions;'Sums of Money; Goods, or Cherries, Manors, Lands, Rent§,"0rt ‘ Other Matters or Things whatfoever, that any» other well-difpofed‘rfiPerfons {hall contribute tel wards it. 7 ‘ -~-And, that ofthefe Intents to be made in their Places, or by fuch Ways and Means as they fh'ould think fit: ' And to certify to the Commifiioners of the Trea: fury the Names of Perfons, that ihall fubfcribe, or contribute, with the Sums of Money, Goods, Chattels, €65. f0 given. » yobn Evelyn, fenior, Efq; is nominated and appointed in thefe Letters Patents to be Trea‘» furer and Receiver General of all the Money, "or other Profits fubfcribed or contributed for the Building, Furnifliing,~or Endowing of the faid ‘ Hofpital: For which heis to have 2001. Yearly. And, upon his Death or- Removal, the Commif- fi’oriers to appoint one or more ‘fit Perfons for Treafurer. And divers other particular Orders and Directions are given the Commiffioners for the fpeedier and more honefi and effectual Exe- cution and Ei’tablifhment of this charitable Work. For the carrying on and perfecting this Work, the King gave 20001. Yearly, payable out of the Exchequer on the Feaft of the Birth of our Lord, or at other Times as the Commifiioner's {hould thinkconVenient. the King’s Intentions in the Pre~ ‘. mifes might be the better knoWn, «the Commifii-' oners were moreover to cattle public Notification- ‘ perfMenflem, for the better Sapport of the {aid 1“ liofpital, and to augment the Revenues there- ‘., 0 ....’ r " " - > ‘ . ' ' .- Again', by an 'A& the Year after, viz. I697, kit was declared and enacted, ‘ That each Perfon j‘ regif’tered fhould enjoy the Benefit of Greenwich ‘ Hofpitai, and be receiVed into it in SuCCefiion one after another, "as the Perfon'regil‘tered fhall be and appear in Courfe and Order of Time to be .upon the Regifter Book ; and the Wi- dows andChildren‘of-the Perfons longel’c re— giftered always to be preferred; And that fuch Seamen, who are fifty Years of Age, if' they have ferved in any of this Majefi'y’s Ships for feven Years before, might regiiter the’mfelves.’ They had, about ten or twelve Years ago, ad- mitted into this Hofpital’ an Hundred poor de- cayed Seamen , now the Number of them is in- creafed tolfOur Hundred, who have a common Table, and eat together, and have about :20}. a Year allowed each. It is {aid that there is 60001. a Year allotted now to bear the Expences of the Hofpital. The Whole Revenue coming in from the Seamen’s Pay amounts to 140001, per flnn. that is, reckoning 6d..a Moh’th out of every Seaman’s Wages. And the Captains and Officers payno more. It would have given more Con- tent, and have much advanced the Reyenue, if the Tax had been laid with more Equality. This fiately Hofpital is defigned to contain two thou- fand Men. ~ , ~ It was reckoned dIVCI‘S Years ago'to have Colt C" 0" 0" 1‘“ f‘ h BoOk . I.’ about 500001. in Building; and may colt 150001. more, before it be finiihed. » In the Month of- Deceméer, flnna 1705, it was An Hundred refolved, That an Hundred Seamen more, be; difabled Sea- fides thofe’ already taken into this Royal Hofpi- men received’ tal, fuch, namely, as had been difabled in the 172.1705. Servrce of the Navy, fhould be received in there, and provided for. And his Royal Highnefs, Lord High Admiral of England, commanded NOtICC to be given‘ thereof in the Gazette, that all fuch Perfons, whofe Condition intitled them to the Benefit of the faid Hofpital, might attend at the Admiralty. Oflfce on Friday the 28th of the faid Month. ' , “film de la Fountain, deceafed An. 1708, an Gifts to this honourable Gentleman of Leiafler/bz're, gave to HoflbitéI by this Royal Hofpital 20001. Mr. Ofiald/z’on, late De. [a PM" of Hzg/ygnz‘e deceafed, bequeathed'about 220001. fuzz/,3? Of. to this and another charitable Fund, ‘vz'z. for the a . Augmentation of fmall Vicarages. A (ween Anne ifi'ued our a Commiflion, dated April 8, flnno Reg. tertio, for the carrying on and finiihing the Building of the faid Royal Hofpi- tal, for Relief of the indigent and difabled Sea- men, according to the Scheme then begun, or‘ that fliould be afterwards thought fitting to be carried on: And alfo to Rate the Accounts for the Works of the faid Hofpital, and to make Payment from Time to Time for the fame: And to perfect all other Matters and Things whatioever, relating to the Building, Carrying on, and Finifhing it. And alfo to provide for fuch Perfon or Perfons, by Penfions or Provifions for the faid Hofpital, as Ihould be thought ne— ceiTary, with Regard to the Aéts of Parliament then made, or that ihould after he made for the Encouragement of Seamen. ' - This Commifiion was directed to Prince George, Hereditary of Denmark; T507224: Archbiihop of Canterbury; :70/9n Archbifhop of far/e; Sidney Lord Godolpbz'n; 7220an Earl of Pembroke and Montgomery; 705;; Duke of Bucking/mnz'and Nor~ manby 3, WWI/Mm Duke of Dawn/Zaire; C/mrler Duke of Somerfet; j'nnze: Duke of Ornzond ; 70/37: Duke of Marlborough; and many others, whom Majefl‘y, his Heirs and SuccelTors, in any of lhe nominated and appointed her Commiflioners, his Ships, fhould allow out of his Wages -6d_ or Governors of the {aid Hofpital. 3 . And After this Commiflion, the Parliament made an Aét for thermore efi'eétual forwarding this ex- cellent and r0yal Defign, and bringing it to Per~ feétion, and providing a fufficient Endowment of it. The Sum of which Act was, ‘ That every ‘ able Mariner, Seaman, Waterman, Fifherman, Lighterman, Bargeman, Keelman, or feafar-r ing Man, being above the Age of Eighteen, and under the Age of Fifty, that fhould be Willing to enter and regifter himfelf for the Service of his Majei’ty, his Heirs and Suc~ cefl'ors, in the Fleet, giving his Chrif’tian and Surname, Age and Place of Abode, unto an Officer appointed by the King for the Regifizering 0f Seamen at the Navy Office in London .- And thefe f0 regil’tered to be ready upon Or- ders iffuing from the Lord High Admiral from Time to Time in each Year, for the Ser- vice of the Fleet: That theie thus entered, not being above the Number of thirty Thou- fand, ihould receive the Bounty of forty Shil- lings Yearly over and above their Pay 3 and, befides many other Privileges and Benefits there mentioned, granted to thefe regiltered Seamen, above others not regii’tered, fhould be admitted and placed in the faid'Hofpital, and be provided each, during his Life, with con- venient Lodging, Meat, Drink, Cloathing, and other Necefl'aries; upon a Certificate of the Captain, Matter, and Surgeon of the Ship, under their Hands, of their being'difabled for future Service, unto the Governor of the Hof- pitalv. And the Widows of fuch as ihould be flain or drowned in the Sea Service, and their Children, being not of Ability to provide com— fortably for themfelves, ihould be received into, the Hofpital, and there be provided for, and the Children have Education, according as the Hofpital fhould be capable to receive them, and as the Revenues thereof would extend. ‘ And, for the providing a fufficient Revenue for this Hofpit’al, it was enacted in the fame A&, That every Seaman that fhould ferve his Settled by Aét of Par- li'ament. A Regifter of Seamen. ada‘nn'nnaannnan’ahnannn‘é'naan.....”~.¢‘ “at” Chap; ‘ King George’s Commiflion for the fame Hofpital. ‘ Direflors. XXVII . Andthefe‘ were continued, according to 3. Sta- tute fome Time made and provided, and a Procla- mation for that PUrpofe-xili‘ued, until her: Succef— for Ihould declare his further. Pleafure centerni-ng the fame. . A . . King George, in the firfi: Year of his Reign, fet forth a Commiflion, dated the 19th of 7am- ary, for carrying on, building, and providing for the faid Hofpital: Therein revoking and. de— termining the former Commifiion, or Letters Pa— tents, and their Continuance; and the former Governors in the faidOfiice-he removed. ‘ And ‘ having duly weighed and taken into his Prince- ‘. 1y Confideration, as the Commiflion ran, of ‘ how great Importance f0 good and neceli‘ary ‘ a Work would be to his Service, and of that ‘ tender Regard he had for the Good and Wei- ‘ fare of his loving 'Stlbjeéts; and being ex— .‘_ tremely defirous to promote and carry on the ‘ fame ; he nominated, authorized, and appointed ‘ thefez’ Firfi, George Anger/tar, his dearelt Son, Prince of Wales -, the Archbifhops of Canterbury and York for the Time being, Lord Cowper, Baron of PI/ing/oam, Lord Chancellor; Daniel Earl of. Nottingham, Lord Prefident of the Pri— vy Council; and thofe great Officers for the Time being; with a great Number befides, to be Commiflioners for the faid Hofpital. Thefe he ordered, direéted, and appointed, from Time to Time to meet together at fome convenient Place for the Execution of this Commiflion. That any Seven or more of them ihould make a Court: Whereof the Qttoram to be the Lord High Admiral, or one of the Privy Council. Power is given them to proceed and finifh the Building according to the Scheme begun, or that ihould be thought fitting hereafter to be further carried on. To Rate the Accounts for the Works , and to make" Payment from Time to Time. To rovide for the Maintenance of fuch Perfons, as fhould be necefl‘ary, with Regard to the Aéts of Parliament for Encouragement of Seamen. That a. General Court ihould be held QJarterly, or oftener, if found necelTary by the Lord High Ad- miral. The Govcrnor, Deputy Governor, and Treafurer, to afiii’t at the Meeting of that Gene— ral Court, or of the Direétors of the Hofpital hereafter mentioned. The General Court to recommend all Officers for the Hofpital to the Lord High Admiral. The Lord High Admiral to appoint all the Gift— cers, except the Governor and Treafurer. All Officers, or others, to be admitted fOr the fu- ture, to be feafaring Perfons. The General Court, with the Aflii’cance of the Attorney Ge- neral and Sollicitor General, to prepare a Char. ter and Statutes for the perpetual Government of the Hofpital. Four and Twenty Direétors were appointed and named, whereof Five to be a Court, viz. Mat. flylmer, Rob. Robinfon, Gal- frz'a’ar Walpole, Sir ffofeplo Hodges, Sir fllexana’er Calrnes, Sir Gregory Page, Sir Cbrz'flop/oer Wren, Sir .7onatloan flna’rewr, Be. to be a {landing Committee, and to be {tiled Direétors. Thefe, or any five, or more, to meet once a Fortnight, or oftener, if Occafion require, attended by the Secretary. They are impowered to carry on the Building; to Rate the Account for the Works 5 to make Contraéts for Provifion, and all other Necefi‘aries for the Houfe; to take in Perfons by the Approbation of the Lord High Admiral. All Proceedings of the Directors to be laid be— fore the General Court of Commifiioners at their (Quarterly Meetings; The Direétors to receive 20 s. for every actual Attendance, to be paid to fuch Direétors, as {hall think reafonable to de- mand it ; the fame to be paid out of the Reve— nue of the faid Hofpital. The Lord High Ad— Greenwich fie/pital. , miral, or General Court whenali'émbl d . to - nominate, and fill up the ’Number of Direeéiors, in Place of fuch as die, or refufe toiaét. The .Governors and Officers ‘ not to be con! cerned in any Contraéts, or buying Provifion; or other Matters. The Go‘vernment Of the Houf; to be by the Governorwith a Council of Officers to be appomted by the Lord High Admiral. The Commifiioners impowere'd to receive any Gifts' or Bequelts of Land, Monies, or other Ei’tate" for the Ufe of the Hofpital. Public Notice «2 be made of this Commifiion, by- inch Ways and Means as they {hall think mofi: conducible to the F urtherance of the faid Charity. Power to ap-' pomt Perfons to take Subfcriptions,’ and to coll left Money given, and to make Checks and Comptrols of them. To certify to the Lord Treafurer the Names of the Contributors, and Sums given, to the End aperpetual Memorial be made of fuch well—difpofed Perfon. ‘ a4: Galfrz‘a’as Walpole, Efq; nominated and apaTreafure'rg pointed to be Treafurer and Receiver General of all the Monies andother Profits to be fubfcribed,“ ' contributed, given, bequeathed, EC. The Trea-' furer to be fubjeet to fuch Infpeétion- and Comp~ trol, as fhall be appointed by the General Court," or any Seven of them. No Money to be applied to other Ufes than the Charity hereby intended; and the necefi‘ary’ Charges relating thereto. ' The General Court of Commiiiioners, binar4; rant in Writing, are to direét the Payment of all Sums for Building, Provifions, Salaries for Seri vants, and all Incidents. To make Rules for. keeping of the Monies brought into the Trea: . fury 5 and alfo for keeping the StOres and Provi-‘ lions, and iffuing the fame ; and for keepingo Books and Accounts ; and for auditing the fame; and to confider and determine all Matters, for the full completing the Defign of this Commif—s fion. The Commiflionersto be accountable every one for his own Aéts only. » i The Treafurer to receive zoo l. a Year Salaé ry. And, lafizly, the Cummiflioners to ‘finifh all Matters left undetermined by the late Commiflion. flnno I712, IO Regin. An. an A6”: was made for the better colleéting and receiving the Du- ties granted for the Support of the Royal 'Hof~ pital at Greenwie/a, and for the further Benefit thereof. Some of the Contents whereof are: That every Seaman ferving the Crown or any Subjeét, and every Perfon employed on Boats An Aft for bolleélinthxe ties for this Hofpital. Aft I 2 Regin,’ Ann. upon the Coai’t of Great Britain or Ireland, in. taking Filh which are brought freih to Shore, and in Boats which trade from Place to Place, lhall pay 6 d. per Month, and fo pr0portionably during the Time they fhall be employed, for the better Support of this Hofpital. That the Mailer of every Ship or Vefl'el, not ”in the Service of the Crown, may detain out of the Wages of the Seamen 6d. per Month, and {hall pay the fame to the Perfon that {ball be ap- pointed by the Admiralty to receive it. That the Admiralty may appoint a fit Perfon ‘to be Receiver of the faid Duty 3 and authorize him to appoint the Colleé‘tor of the Cui’toms of the feveral out Ports, or any other Perfon to col- leét the fame. , That the Receiver may fummon any Maf’cer or Owner of a Ship or Veifel, not in the Service of the Crown, to appear at his Office, Be. Who may examine him, as to the Number and Time of Service of the Perfons employed in his Ship or Veifel. And, if he ihall negleéi: or refufe to pay the Money due to the Hofpital, within four- teen Days after they be cleared inwards, by the Officer of the Cufi'oms, the Olfender to forfeit 20 l. for every fuchNegleél: or Refulal. There are Laws likewife about Prizes and the ’ Captors, 2.42. ‘ Captors, as-relating to this Hofpital, in fever'al . Some Ex- traé‘ts of A615 for this Hof- pital, W. wa, Efq; , for. jeity. On the Ceiling over the Alcove are her ’Ihall and may be colleéted, levied and recovered, ' Greenwich Paragraphs. Further, . _ That whereas no Seamen had yet been ad- mitted into the Hofpital, but fuch as ferved in the Royal Navy; the Admiralty and thofe that have the Power to direct thejAdmiflion of any Seamen into the Hofpital, ‘may admit any Sea- man, who fhall produce an authentic Certificate of his being wounded, maimed, or hurt, in de- fending any Ship of her Majef’ty’s Subjeéts againfi the Enemy, or in taking any Ship from the Enemy, and thereby difabled for Sea Service. ' The Hall is very noble, and finely painted by the late Sir 7ames Thornhill. At the upper End of it, in an Alcove, are reprefented the late Princefs Sophia, King George I, King George II, Qleen Caroline, the QJeen DoWager of Prnfla, Frederic Prince of Wales, the Duke of Cnmher— land, and the five Princelles Daughters of his Ma— late Majefty O\ueen flnne, and Prince George of Denmark. And on the Ceiling of the Hall 'are King William and Qieen Mary, with feveral fine emblematical Figures. Three Tables are hung up at the Entrance into the Hall, which record the Names of feveral generous Benefactors to this noble Charity, amounting in the whole to the Sum of 58209 1.] Here follow Extracts of fome AEts of Parlia- ment relating to Greenwich Hofpital, communi— cated to me by one of the prefent Commifiloners and Direétors. Anna 7 and 8, Gnlielmi 3. Chap, 21. Sect. 3. Hofpital to be ereéted at Eafl Greenwich, in Kent for the Relief of Seamen. Sect. 4. Letters Pa-, tent 10 Sept. 1695. Commilfioners named. Grant of an annual Sum payable out of the Treafury, with divers Dire€tions, Powers and Authorities, for carrying on and perfeéting the {aid Hofpital, and the Endowment and Mainte- nance thereof, and of the Perfons to be placed therein. . Seét. 7. Regifiered Seamen difabled, on Cer- tificate to the Governor of Greenwich Hofpital, to be taken in and provided for during Life. Widows and Children of Seamen drowned or flain in the Service to be received and provided / Seét. 10’. Six Pence per Menjem to be paid out of all Seamen’s Wages towards the Support of Greenwich Hofpital, which monthly Allowance by fuch Officers and according to fuch Rules and Methods as {hallin that Behalf be appointed by the faid Commiffioners for executing the Of- fice of High Admiral of England, or any three or more of them, or by the Lord High Admiral of England for the Time being. flnno 8 Gnilielmi 3. Chap. 17. Seét. 6. Com- miflioners for regil’tering Seamen may oblige Mafiers of Ships to declare upon Oath their Numbers of Men and their Wages. flnno 10, II, Gnlielmi 3. Chap. 17, Se&. 5. 925mm, if any Advantage accrued to Greenwich Hofpital by this charitable Adventure P 12 Galielmi 3. Chap. 13. Sect. 6. King’s Power to grant more Lands, 53%. ' 4 Anna Chap. 12. Seét. 14.. Kidd’s Effects, 64721. 1 s. 2 flnna Chap. 6. Sect. 7. Apprentices under eighteen exempted from paying 6 d. per Menfem. 2 Anna Chap. 6. Seét 14. Cuftorn-houfe Olli- cers to infert at Bottom of Cockets Numbers of Men. 2 {1727168 Chap. 6. Seft. 19. Any Seamen may be admitted by Lord High Admiral, {9%. 6 flame C. 13. §. 1 1. Captors Shares remain in Agents Hands. 6 flame C. 13. §. 12, 13. Quere, Whether 3 Hqfln'tal. , any and what Advantage hath arifen'f-by» this A61“ ? . . ‘ . Anne 10, flame Regime. If: Paragraph. All Perfons in England and Ireland to pay the 6 d. p erMenflam, except thofe therein excepted. -— 2. Par. Matters and Owners impowered to , detain the faid Money-in their Hands, and {hall pay it to fuch Perfons as lhall be appointed'by the Lord High Admiral, {9%. f —— 3. Par. Lord High-Admiral to appoint a Receiver, who is tO‘depute Colleétors of Cufioms in all out Ports of England and Ireland, to col- left the fame : Who are required fo to do, and the Lord High Admiral to make them fuch Al- lowance as he {hall think reafonable. , —— 4 Par. Receivers of the faid Duties to fum- mon Mailers or Owners, to adminii’ter, Oaths, and flop Ships till the Duty be paid. , —- 5 Par. Qlakers Affirmation to {land good. —- 6 Par. N 0 private Contrae‘t to avail to pre- vent the Hofpital of the Sixpences. —— 7 Par. Public Act, and treble Colt to the Defendant. . —— 8 Par. This Aft not to extend to Hoys with Provifions betwixt North Foreland and Lon- don. . —- 9 Par. Agents for Captors obliged to ren- der Account to the Treafurer of the Hofpital. —7 IO Par. Penalty againfl' the Agents in Cafe of Neglect or Refufal, viz. Iool._ —— I I Par. Frauds and Collufions by Agents 1001. Penalty. 501. to the Hofpital, 501. to the Informer. — 12 Par. Nihil. —— 13 Qnere whether 60001. and 12001. paid to the Hofpital? —- 14., 15. Nihil. _-— 16 Par. Receivers of Prizes to pay all Mo— ney in their Hands, after the 24th of j’nne, 1713, to the Treafurer of the Hofpital. —— 17 Par. Likewife all Money coming to the Hands of Receivers, after the 25th of March, 1713, to be paid to the ‘Treafurer of the Hof- ital. p _-— 18 Par. Treafurer of the Hofpital to repay, out of the Revenues of the Hofpital, Monies to Captors, not exceeding the 60001. and 12001. before mentioned. ’ —— 19 Par. All Monies due to Captors, in the Hands of the Receivers, during the Reign of King William, to be paid to the Hofpital, and the Captors debarred of any Right. —— 20 Par. Seamen wounded or maimed on Board of Merchants Ships may be admitted. — 2 1 Par. Merchants Ships riding at Qieen’s Moorings to forfeit 101. a Tide, half to the Hof- ital. P Governors, about one Hundred, of the great Officers, Nobility, Lord Mayor, four fen. Alder— men, 63c. OFFICERS. l. s. The Hon. Ifaae Town/head, Ad- miral of the Blue, Governor 1000 o 0 Capt. Fran. Danfeys, Lieut. Go- vernor-- - --- 7. Gunman, Treafurer - - Firl’t Capt. 7a. Lloyd, Second Capt. ' Dent, each - F irll Lieutenant Wm. Carr, Se- cond H. Ofl/orne, Third fllex. Gordon, Fourth H. Moyle, Fifth C. Stateville, Sixth G. Grant, each - - - - - - - Firf’t Chaplain, N. Tindal, Se— cond D. Camphell, each - David Coehharne, Phyfician — 1777:. Bell, Steward - - - 300 00 200 00 200 O O 100 O O 100 o 0 182 I60 ' [feat Book I. T. S. '/ m, I ,,.,::; W!” W" 1!! ' "illlllf‘fl‘m Itil ll I!” ’1’ ‘ r )1; 11 J‘ rm’m‘ I 7.1.11113'” ‘ ’u ///m',"'/' l.’ l . . -U.’/ 4/0.! W ,. r: , 4 I 9),: 77/114 w.:..,.r;:c':‘, L . , ‘ = | 9 ., /’. m. > ' 7 w , « finnmumm Inllluumunn mm , , m '— MW ~ *" mum: rm :wmm':‘nga 1,111.35“ ., , . "_ ’ ‘ , ‘ _ , .7 . _ umwmlmmnlu. , . > , . y ,. . - _ 1‘ . v .«3,, . "WWW ‘ c “u - 9‘44 \ "11‘ ' \f‘: I‘}: ~\ nhyv¢w}\’\\ XX) ' \{K‘E‘v ' Chap. XXVII; Deptford flflilal.‘ Morden College. a *4? . a . l. s. (1. Ships and Pilots, or‘the WidoWS 0f fuch, are Ifizuc Riderblsuigégnl - - 'a [CO 0 o by the faid Corporation maintained. . . Muule, er" 0 tie Che ue I00 0 0 ‘ M ' gCoréert,’ Secretary - ~ q" 160 o o . Morden Cid/Age; .. Swynfin j‘urw's, Auditor — - 50 o 0 ~ A little diftant from thefe Hofpitals at Green- MW; Cél; H. Big/fey, Difpenfer _ - _' 6o 0 0 wide and Deptford, is one other late worthy lege for de- 'G. Rutledge, his Amfiam. _ 60 o 0 Foundation, appropriated to another Rank ot‘Cayed Mei"? elderly' decayed Perfons, whofe Employments cmms’ alfo are highly neceiTary to this Kingdom’s Wealth and Strength, namely, Merchants. And this is called, Morden College, from the right generous and chrifi'ian Founder, Sir 70km Mor— The Founder" . den, of Wrieklefinurfl: in the Parilh of Ckurleton in Si? 70/?” MW“ the County of Kent, Bar. a Citizen born, and a dw’. 332'. \Petty Ofieeri and Servants. A CoOk, five Mates, one Barber and Butler. Provifionr Weekly. Seven Loaves of fixteen Ounces each, four- teen @arts'of Beer, three Pounds of Beef, two 8 George II. I Hofpital at . ’ Depg/brd. of Mutton, one Pound and Qiarter of Cheefe, two Ounces of Butter, Tobacco-money, one Pint of Peafe. Forty-five Boatfwains, each 2 s. 6 d. Eighty, ditto Mates, each I 5. 6d. Thirteen Hundred Penfioners, each I s. Eighteen Petty-Officers and Servants. Matrons. Sixty-fix Nurfes. Cleaning once in two Years. ASuit of Cloaths, one Hat, three Pair of Hofe, two Pair of Shoes, five Necks, three Shirts, two Night—Caps. ‘ The Six—Penny Receivers Office is kept upon Tower—bill ; where Six-pence per Month is paid by all Seamen in the Royal Navy and Merchants Service for the Benefit of Greenwich Hofpital. Three C onzrniflionerr. Turkey Merchant, who brought home with him «7‘ w from Aleppo a very fair El’tate; Divers Years be- fore his Death he erected a very fair and fpacious Structure, in Form of a College, at his fole Charge, in a Field, called Great Stane Field, near Bluekbeut/a, not far from his own Habitation, and called it Morden College, for Reception and Harbour of poor, decayed, honeft Merchants; taking Pattern by the College at Brantley not far. ‘off, founded by a Bilhop of Racine/fer, for Mini- fters» poor Widows : Which he went to fee to make his Obfervation of, for his own better Di- rection, when he had this religious Purpofe in his Mind towards fuch reduced Gentlemen. For whofe Relief, of all the charitable Foundations, in and about Landau, for dii‘trefied People of a1! Sorts, there had been none erected hitherto. He endowed itmof’t amply and liberally with The Enam,-~ his whole real, copyhold, and perfonal Eltate, mem- ' after his Lady’s Deceafe: Which may amount W' A!" R , 1' S d' to about 13001. per Ann. And in his Life-time Wm yen, 3‘3”“ .‘ ‘ ‘ 30° 0 O placed twelve fuch poor Merchants there, by. m. oung, ccomptant ' 20° 0 0 Death or Expulfion, now reduced to four or lefs, Geo. Ann. Burekzet, Comptroller 100 o 0 There are in the Hofpital at prefent fifteen Hundred old or difabled Seamen; and an Hun— dred Boys, the Sons of Seamen infiructed in Navigation, and bred up for the Service of the Royal Navy; and the Governors are now taking in five Hundred Invalids more from the Cheft of Clautbunz, but there are no out Penfioners, The Earl of Derwentwuter’s Eftate having been fOrfeited to the Crown by the Attainder of the lai’t Earl, and Commiflioners appointed for the Sale of it, the Purchafers managed fo well that they became Mal’ters of it for a tenth Part of the Value, which the Parliament being ap- prifed of, paired an Act for making void the feveral Contracts for the Sale of that El’tate: And enaéted, that, after all Incumbrances were i paid 03', the Refidue fhould be apprOpriated and applied to the building and finifliing the Royal Hofpital for Seamen at Greenwich, and, after the faid Building fhould be completed and finifhed, for and towards the Support of the faid Hofpi- tal, for the better Maintenance of the Seamen of the faid Hofpital worn out and become de- crepit-in the Service of their Country -, the clear Revenue of the faid Earl’s Eitate amounting to about‘6000 l. per Annunz. Whenever there happens to be a Deficiency in the Revenue appropriated to the Support of this Hofpital, it is made good by Parliament as at Claeéfeu. Deptford Hefliitul. , O this Royal Foundation for Seamen I mui’t fubjoin another hard by at Deptford, belonging to the Corporation of the Trinity Houfe, by whom it was founded. It is a long Courfe of Building, confif’ting of three Sides, Grafs-plats, in the Middle: The lower Part be- ing built in the Years 1671 and. 1680. In thefe Alms—Houfes fifty—nine decayed Maiters of the. Number not filled up with other decayed Merchants, by reafon of very great Loifes before and fince the Founder’s Death, to the Impairing of the faid Eitate ; the Lady Morden being forced to retrench the Expences of the Houfe, on ac— count of her own Share allotted her by the lafiz. Will of Sir 701m for her Life. ., \ He appointed by his faid Will my Lady Mer— Trun-ees and den his Executrix, and three others of good Vifitors- Rank and Integrity, all Turkey Merchants, to be both Trultees of his Ef’tate f0 fettled, and likewife Vifitors of his College Yearly or oftener, as they fhould fee Need or Occafion. And due Proviiions to be made for them there, when they fhould come to vifit. And they to have the fole Management of the Affairs thereof. T hele firl’t T ruitees, upon the Deceafe of any of them, to chufe and nominate others, to the Number of Seven ; all to be Turkey Merchants ; the Survi- vors of them to chufe others of the fame Com- p’any from Time to Time, to fill up the faid Number upon the Deaths of any of the Former. Or if, at any Time hereafter, there fhould chance to be a Failure in thei‘urkey Company ; then the Election of the {even Trui’cees to be made out of the Eufl India Company, of which Sir 70/971 More den was alfo a Member. And, in cafe of a Failure in that Company, Provilion was made by the Will for others. . To this College belongs alfo a Treafur’er, ATreafarer.‘ 'whofe Salary is 40 l. a Year. Whofe Ofiice is to ~ receive the Rents and Revenuessie‘and to keep Books of the Accounts and Dilburfements of the, College ; and to be accountable to the VllltOl‘S. And alfo a Chaplain. He to be a Man in holy A Chapiain,‘ Orders, who is to read Prayers in the Chapel" twice, Morning and Evening, eVery Day, and»! to preach tWice on the Lord’s Days. -His Salary isgol. aYear. . ‘ Thefe with the poor Merchants are to have: a common Table in the Hall, to eat and- drink together at Meals; and each have their (Lag convenient Q 244 convenient Chambers and Apartments, with Cel- ' lars. , , . _ p ,. The Number The exaét Number of fuch as are to be admit- of {uch asare ted there is not appointed -, but to be more, and ‘° be ad“““ angmented, according as the Efiate will .bear, ted. . . and the neceffary Expences allow of : But, It 15 thought, the Number may, at leal’t, amount to ' forty Perfons, there being Harbour for that Num-~ ber. . The Penfion allowed to each Perfon admitted ThePenfion ~ 3110:“ ‘0 there, is 201. per flnn. for their Commons, Fi- tac - ring, and other Necefl'aries. Each to wear Gowns ‘ in the College, with the Badge of the Founder, which they have not done for fome Years paft, and to be 50 Years of Age, at leafe- .- The Chapel within the College, which is wain— fcotted, and hath a very fair and coitly Altar- The Chapel piece, was confecrated by the late Bifhop of Ra- c°nle°’a‘°d- [be/hm, Dr. Sprat, in whofe Diocefe the College flands, being alfo prefent Dr. Tenifon, late Arch- bilhop of Canterbury, withthe Founder, together with many others, when Dr. friend preachedthe Dedication Sermon, and an Anthem fung by the finging Boys of the Collegiate Church ofWefl- inhaler, brought by the faid Bilhop, Dean alfo of that Church. Afterward, all were entertained in the College at a fplendid Dinner, at the Founder’s Col’r, amounting to 501. or upwards. There is alfo a Burying—Place adjoining to the College, confecrated alfo by Bifhop Sprat, for fuch of the College as die there. . Sir 7abn Morden died A’nno 1708, and lieth in— Sir 701»: Mar- terred, according to his Defire, in a Vault under 4%” buried‘in the Communion-T able of the Chapel of his own allow" “1' College, whither he was brought with a Decency g ' fuitable to his Worth. Lady Morden, at her Death, increafed the Sa— lary of the Chaplain from 301. to 60 l. a Year. She was, in other Refpeéts, a Benefaétrefs to the College -, and, as {he put a handfome Statue of her Hufband in a Niche over the College Gate, the T ruf’tees have alfo put up her’s in another Niche adjoining to that of her Hulband. And now, lallly, to confirm what is related be- fore, and to give a particular and diltinél: Know- ledge of this Foundation, here follows an authen- tic Abl’rraé‘t of the Founder’s lalt Will, as far as it relates thereto, which was kindly communica- tedto me by Mr. Thomas Brand, Brother to the Lady Zl/Iorden. dn Aljlrafi of tlae laflj [Fill and Teflament of Sir , john Morden, Baronet, wlao departed this Life ' tlye 6tla Day of September, Anno Dom. I708. , So mucla thereof as concerns tlae liueral Gifts be left to charitable Ufer, and particularly to lair Col- legeon Blackheath. "IRST, to be interred in his Chapel, in his College, at the Difcretion of Dame Sit/2m, his Wife, and his Truf’tees, without Pomp or finging Boys, but decently. Gives and devifes unto his faid Wife, Dame Sufan Morden, fix Hundred Pounds per Annum, clear of all Charges, Repairs, Parliament Taxes, and all other TaXes, Deduvftions, and Abate- ments whatfoeVer, during her natural Life, to be retained by her, or paid to her by his Trui’tees, out of all his real, copyhold, or perfonal Efiate whatfoever, equarterly, at Clariflmar, Lady-day, .Midfummer, and Mcbaelmar. The firft Payment to begin and be retained, or paid to her, at fuch of the faid‘Feal’ts, or Days of Payment, which {hall firi’t happen after his Deceafe. And, for the true Payment thereof, doth charge all his Efiate, real, copyhold, and perfonal, during her natural Life, to be taken in Lieu and Difcharge of all Contraéts of Marriage, Thirds, Claims, and De- mands whatfoever, except what is hereby further deyifed to her. Burying- Place. Morden College. . to difpofe of at her Will and Pleafure. 31 Book : II; Item, Gives and bequeaths unto her, for Life, ,his Manfion—houfe called Wriekler—Mar/b, With all the Orchards, Gardens, Vineyards, Fifhponds, 'Yards, Stables, ,Barns, Out—houfes, and the 5A- venue or Clofe leading to the fame, from the Road, and the Clofe adjoining, wherein the Horfepondg is -, and the Clofe and Walk. called Mount Err/90 Walk, and all Appurtenances -, to~ gether with ('0 many Acres of Land, Meadow, and Paf’ture, next adjoining to the {aid Houfe, as will amount to the yearly Value of one Hundred Pounds, at the 'leai’t, to be fet .out and allotted to her by Sir Edmund Harrif'on, Daniel Mar/e, and Pelatiala Barnardi/tan, or the Survivor or Survi- v0rs of them, according to their Difcretions. Item, Gives and bequeaths to his With one Hundred Pounds for Mourning. , Item, Gives and bequeaths to her his heft Coach and Chariot, and four of his belt Horfes, and the Furniture thereof, and all his Cows and Dairy. And alfoone Moiety, or half Part, the fame in— to two equal Parts to be divided, . of all his Houihold-fiufl'", Furniture, Utenfils, Plate, Jew- els, Claina ‘Ware, Cabinets, Linen, Woollen, Hangings,‘Be'dding, Pewter, Copper, and Brafs, and all other his Ornaments and Houfhold~ltuff whatfoever, as well in the Country as in London, And alfo gives unto her, during Life, the Ufe and Wear- ing of the other Moiety of the faid -Houlhold— ftufi“, {9%. And his Will is, That an Invento- ry and Valuation of all the faid Houfhold Goods, Plate, and Jewels, be made and delivered to the faid Truf’tees, Sir’Edmund Ha'rrifon, Daniel Marfe, and Pelati'a/a Barnardiflon, fome, or one of them, to preferve the fame for the Ufes hereafter men- tioned. ' j And then, after divers Legacies to his Relati— ons, and other Perfons, and to the Poor of St. Martin Outwiela, and of the Parifh of Charlton, he gives to Clari/l’s-Claurcb Hofpital tWo Hun- dred Pounds, formerly lent, and difcharges them thereof. To St. Thomar’s Hofpital one Hundred Pounds, which he fubfcribed and paid, and dif- charges the fame. ,. Gives two Hundred Pounds to be laid out by his Executrix, to difcharge Prifoners out of the King’s-Bench PrifOn, Marv flialfea, Fleet, and Ludgate, and both the Compterr, not paying above three Pounds to any one 3 and, alfo, one Hundred Pounds to be dii’tributed to blind Perfons. To fuch as were born blind, forty ‘ Shillings a-piece, and to other blind Perfons, twenty Shillings a—piece, Ede. _ To Sir Edmund Harri/an, Daniel Morfe, and Pelatial) Barnardif- ten, twenty Guineas a~piece for Mourning. [Thefe were Trui’tees for his College] Makes his Wife, Dame Sufan Morden, fole Ex— ecutrix. Gives and devifes unto Sir Edmund .Harrifon, Daniel Mar/2’, and Pelatiala Barnardijlon, and the Survivor of them, his Heirs and Afligns for ever, all his real and copyhold Eltate, of which he was or {hould be feized, during his Life, and net before otherwife difpofed of, fubjeét to the Pay- ment, of the faid Annuity of" fix Hundred Pounds ; per Annum to his Wife, for Life; to hold the fame unto the‘faid Sir Edmmid Harri/bu, Daniel Mark, and Pelatia/a Barnardiflan, their Heirs and Afiigns, in Truft for the Ufes following, viz. Wills and Orders, that there be placed, in his College in Charlton, as manypoor, honei’t, fober, and difcreet Merchants, as the clear yearly Rent and Revenue of his faid real Or copyhold. Ei’tate of Inheritance will maintain, according to the Allotments“ and Provifo’s following : Which Merchants he direcfts to be of the Age'of fifty Years a-piece, at leaft, and have lof’t their Efiates by Accidents, Dangers, and‘Perils of the Seas, or by any other Accidents, Ways, and Means}; in t 611' . Chap. XXVII. their honell: Endeavours to get their Living by ' Merchandizing. Gives and allows each [fuch] Merchant a Pen- ' lion of twenty Pounds a Year, to be paid and laid out in Manner after appointed. . Wills, That, out of the faid Penfions of twenty Pounds a—piece, a coniiant Table and Commons be kept in the Hall of the College, for the Suf- tenance of the poor Merchants, to dine and {up ‘ together,-fuch as are able to come out of their Chambers, every Day in the Year -, and, for fuch as are not able to come out of their Chambers, , fuch Provifion lhall be made and fent to them, as is neceilary for them in their Conditions. Wills, That the faid Merchants {hall always, in the faid College, wear Gowns all alike; and that out of the [aid twenty Pounds per flnnnm, a— piece, lhall yearly be allowed forty Shillings a— piece to buy their new Gowns, and alfo tWenty Shillings _a-piece to buy each of them a Chaldron of Coals, for Firing in their Chambers : And the remaining feventeen Pounds a—piece to be applied to the Maintenance of their and Com- mons ; and for buying and drefling their Provi— fions ; and for Bread and Beer, and Coals for their Kitchen and Hall, and all other~Neceflaries : And if any Overplus of their Penfions be left, after all Commons and NecelTaries paid for, the fame to be equally divided amongl’t them for Cloaths and other Necefi'aries. ' Wills, That each of them have a Lodging ap— pointed, and be confiantly Refident in the faid College. , Wills, That a Perfon be appointed to be Trea— furer, to receive, for the Ufe of the College, all the Rents, Revenues, Sum and Su‘ms of Money belonging to the College, for Provifions, Repairs, Wages, and other E-xpences Whatfoever, in fuch Manner as hereby is direfted: And lhall pre— pare and keep Books fairly written of all his Re— ceipts and Diiburfements, to be perufed and al- lowed of, and figned by the Vifitors after named, once a Year at leafl, and oftener, whenever the Vifitors, after named, lhall call for the fame : And, for his Pains and Trouble therein, {hall have an Allowance, either out of the faid real or c0py-' hold Eltate, or fuch other Eltate as is hereby gi- ven for the Endowment of the College, the Pena [ion or Sum of forty Pounds per Annnm, by the Vifitors, upon Perufal of his Accounts. Wills, That the Chapel in the faid College be confecrated; and that there be a fober, devout, and difcreet Perfon, in holy Orders, appointed to be Chaplain to the College, to read Divine Ser- vice there, according to the prefent Liturgy of the Church of England, as now by Law efiablilh- ed, twice every Day, Morning and Evening: And alfo to preach Sermons twice a Day, every Sunday in the Year; and duly to adminiiter the holy Sacraments, and vifit the Sick, and bury the Dead, and to do all Things according to his Du— ty and Place; and, for his fo doing, {hall have alfo, out of fuch Eitate given for endowing the g College, thirty Pounds a Year. And the Chap— lain and Treafurer {hall have their Diet with the Merchants, in the Hall of the College, and, al— fo, their Lodging in the College; and the fame lhall be anfwered out of the Eltate allotted for endowing the College. ‘ Wills, That the Chaplain be always Refident, to do his Duty in the College : And that all the Merchants do conl’cantly go to Chapel and Di- vine Service, twice every Day, without Fail, if they are able: And that the Merchants, by Ma- jority of Votes, lhall chufe one or more at a Time, and as often as they pleafe, out of their own Num- ber, to buy in all the Provilions, and Other Ne- celi'aries, for the College; and take Care thereof, and deliver out the fame to the Cook, and others 2 . out any 'the firil: Truftees. MOrden College. of the College, as Occalion {hall require, witha . . . or Advantage for” his, or their" Pains ; believmg, fince he gives the Money, they vifions and Necellaries.‘ Difcharges his Executrix from being fubjeét to any Mifcarriage, in cafe what lhould‘ be done by her was well intended. And further, direcnts- his Executrix to make Sale of any Ships, or Parts of Ships, in which he is interefted, if fhe thinks fit. Defires her fpeedily to fell his perfonal E'i’tate, that the Produce thereof may come in Aid of his real Ellate, for endowing the College. Wills, That the fole Government and Manage- ment of the College be "in the Vifitors, after men— tioned, and their Succefibrs for ever. And firft appoints his Wife, Sir Ednnmd Hnrrz'fon, Daniel Mark, and Pelatinly‘ Bnrnma’rfion, to be fole Vil’i- tors thereof. And they, and the Survivors of them, or the major Part of them, or oi'izhe Survi'é vors of them, to have the fole l‘v’lanage‘ment there” of : To place and difplace the Merchants, Chaps lain, Treafurer, and all Officers and Perfons with in the College, and to make Orders and Rules for the well Governing thereof, as they, or the major Part ofthem, {hall think fit. Arid that they, or the major Part of them, vifit the College ‘Once-a Year, at the leal’t, and oftener, if they think fit. And that they, or the major Part ofthem, {hall then {late and take the Treafurer’s Accounts, and perufe and fign the fame, if they approve thereof -, and, if not, to call the faid Treafurer to Ace count for all fuch Monies as {hail come to his Hands, and not be difpofed of according to this his Will. And then examine into the well G04 verning of the College, and into the BehaviOur of every one within the faid College : And, if they find that the Treafurer, Chaplain, or any other of the OfiiCCrs of the College, do not be~i have themfelves according to their Duty, then to dilplace them, and appoint others in their Rooms, by Writings under their refpeétive Hands and Seals, or the Hands and Seals of the mad jor Part of them. And alfo examine into the Manners of all the Merchants, whether they keep confiant to Chapel, and? are Refident in the College: And, if they find them guilty of any Sort of ill Behaviour; not keeping ftriétly to the Rules and Orders of the College; or guilty of Swearing, Drunkennefs, or any other Debauchery, that then, by Writing under the Hands and Seals of them, or the major Part of them, to difplace and turn them out, and put in other Merchants at their Difcretions. View all Repairs done, or to be done, in the Col- lege, or Utenfils of Houfhold-Ptufi', and give fuch Orders therein, as to them {hall feem meet. . Gives ten Pounds per Annmn, for ever, to be expended in a Dinner for the Vifitors,‘ in the faid Hall, on the Day of their Vifitation, and for Hay and Corn for their Horfes; and, after they have dined, all the Provifions remaining to be iven to the Merchants within the College. Wills, That Rooms be prepared for their Rea ception: And that, immediately after theDeo ceafe of any two of the Vifitors, Sir 701m Bun/r- wortly, Sir Humpbry Edwin, 701m Marine, Efq; Mr. W'z'l/z'nm anlconcr', and Mr. 711/3145 Org/yer, Turkey Merchants, {hall be Trul’tees, and Vilitors of the College, during their Lives, together with the then furviving Villtor, or Vifitors. And that then all the‘Truitees or Vifitors do vilit the Col— lege, and execute all the Powers above given to And that then, when any one of the laid Vifitors dies, all the furvivingVifitors, ’or the major Part of them, fhall meet 5. and, Lin-«r ' der their Hands and Seals, conl’titute and appoint fome one of the Tar/icy Company to fupply the, {Place of the decealEd Vilitor, ‘to be Vilitor with ties: will not think it a Burthen to buy their own Pro: ' And then,“ 246 - Morden Colleges them during his Life : Or, if more than one hap— ' pen to be dead, then to confiitute and appoint f0 many of the T urkey Company to be Vifitors for their Lives, in the Place of thofe deceafed, as will keep ‘up the Number of feven‘Vifitors, to have always the fole Management of the College, according to his Will. I ' Wills, That if all the Vifitors of the College lhould die, without chufing others to fucceed them, then the T ur/cey Company to chufe feven difcreet Perforis, Members of their Company, to be Vifitors of the College for their Lives, and they to chufe them Succeflbrs accordingly, in Manner aforefaid, for ever. And if the Turkey Company fail, that there cannot be Vilitors cho— fen out of them, then the furviving Vifitors, or major Part of them, ihall conflltute and appoint {0 many of ' the Eufl-Imz’z'u Company, as will fill up' the Number feven. And, if that Company fail, then out of the Court of Aldermen of the City of Loudau be [as'many] Vifitors for their Lives, as will make up their Number {even Vifitors for ever ;‘ and fo the furviving Vi- fitors, as often as any {hall die, Ihall chufe fit and difcreet Perfons out of the Court of Aldermen: And, if the Court of Aldermen fail, then the furviving Vilitors, when any one or more {hall die, to confiitute one or more to fill up their Number feven, of difcreet and grave Perfons, Gentlemen of the County of Kent, as the furvi- Ving Vifitors, or major Part of them, {hall think fit, to be Vifitors for their Lives, and fo to chufe V'ifitors fuccefliVely out of the Gentlemen of Kent, to make up their Number {even for ever. But, {0 long as there {hall be a T ur/cey Company, or when they {hall be refiored, the Vifitors to be chofen out of them. _ Directs, That the Truf‘tees and Vifitors, when they fhall be reduced to two in Number, in whom the Inheritance of the Ef’tate devifed, or to be purchafed, Ihall be veited, {hall convey and aiIure the Inheritance and F ee-fimple of the faid Ei’tates to the Ufe of themfelves, and all other the then prefent Vifitors, and of their Heirs and Afligns, for the Purpofes aforefaid : 'And that the Charges . of f0 conveying and transferring the {aid Eltates, and all other Charges and Expences in or about making Purchafes, and ordering and managing the Eitate or Revenues wherewith the College is endowed, other than the Expences of Vifitations, which are already provided for, {hall be allowed and deducted out of the Efiates and Revenues a-i forefaid. Wills, That f0 often as any of his Name, or his own or W ife’s Relations, {hall be qualified to be Chaplain, or otherwife qualified to perform a- ny of the Offices in the College, or be within the Intention of this Will, to receive the Charity of the College ; that they be, upon an Election, pre- ferred before others, and be put into the faid Of— fices of the College for which they are qualified, and put in to receive the Charity thereof, before any Perion whatfoever. Revokes all former Wills, and declares this to be his lal’t. , Dated the I 5th of Ofloéer, 1702. Signed . :70HN MORDEN. Witnefies, ' Henry Rudmuu, 701m Currier, T be. Woouforu', 70/971 Studley. Are/me; of tee Codicil annexed. Whereas by his Will of the I 5th of sz‘ober, I 702, he mentions 'aCollege erected for poor Mer- chants, and thereby gave a yearly Penfion of twen- ty Pounds to every Merchant 5 and attended the a Houfe of Commons, for an Exemption for the College from paying Taxes, but could not pre—i vail; does therefore declare, That thetP‘enfion of twenty Pounds yearly to each Merchant be re- ‘ duced to the yearly Penfion of fifteen Pounds, to ique out of the yearlyAllowance oftwentyPounds by Will allowed. In all other Things, confirms his faid Will, ‘ Dated the 9th of March, I70—--. . In the Hall is hung up a Table, containing, in Writing, the Orders of the College, which are as follow : T be Orders to ée oéjer'ved in Morden College. I. Iiflpf‘imii, It is ordered, That no Perfon or Perfons be elected, or admitted into this College, _but fuch poor Merchants as are fallen into De— cay by Accidents of the Seas, or otherwife, in their Way of Merchandizing -,, being honeft, fo—, her, and difcreet Members of the Church of Eug- [emd, as now by Law eftablifhed, and being fin- gle Perfons, of the Age of fifty Years at the Time of their Admiliion into the {aid College. And, if by Mifinformation, Miltake, or otherwife, any Perfon or Perfons whatfoever, or any c0mmon Sweaters, Drunkards, quarrelfome, loofe, lewd, unruly, debauched, or diforderly Perfons ; or a- ny Perfon or Perfons infected with any infectious Difeafe ; fhall be placed or put into the {aid Col- lege, that then all, and every fuch Perfon, ihall be immediately expelled, and put out of the {aid College for ever. ‘ , V II. Ordered, That no Friends, Relations, or Acquaintance, of any of the faid Merchants or Servants, unlefs in Cafe of Sicknefs, or the like, to take Care of them, {hall refide, live, or lodge in the faid 'College. And every Perfon or Perfons, offending againl’t this Order, lhall forfeit, for his firft Offence, all his and their Commons, during the Time any fuch Perfon {hall refide, live, or lodge with them in the faid College, and for one Month longer: And, for the fecond Offence, fix Months'longer: And, for the third Ofience, fuch Merchants and Servants fhall be expelled, and turned out of the faid College for ever. III. Ordered, That every Member of the faid College ihall be confiantly refiding and dwelling within the faid College; and {hall not be wan— dering, and mifpending their Time in public and diforderly Houfes, but {hall employ them— felves in Acts of Piety and Devotion Nor {hall .abfent themfelves, without Leave, for twenty- four Hours, from the faid College, unlefs by un- avoidable Accident, or Necefl‘ity, under Pain of- being expelled the College. . IV. Ordered, That all the Gentlemen of the {aid College be daily in Commons, in the Hall of the faid College, unlefs prevented by Sicknefs, or other fuch-like Indifpofition; and that their daily Allowance be, to each of them, a Pound of Meat, two uarts of Beer, a Three-halfpenny Loaf, be- fides Cheefe and Butter. That the Time of Di- ning be Twelve of the Clock ; and, of Supper, be ,Six of the Clock : And, in Cafe of Sicknefs, in- , fiead of fuch their'Allow’ance, there 'ihall. be pro- vided for them, and lent to their Chambers, fuch ' other Provifions and NecelTaries, as {hall be con- venient and necefl'ary for them in their Condition. And that no Gentleman ofthe faid College {hall fend, or carry away any Bread, Beer, or View—- als from Table at Dinner-time; nor {hall fit down to, or rife from Table, before Grace be faid. V. Ordered, Upon the feveral and refpeé‘tive Deaths, Departure, or ,E‘xpulfions of eVery one of the Merchants of the {aid College, that their and every of their Places {hall remain, and continue vacant, and undifpofed of for twelve Months, next after the {garter Day then next enfuing; ' ' and Book £1; {2 S _ . music. a- “tax. awn» Chap .3 ,. XXVI I. during fuch Vacanciesufliall be applied and dif— pofed of, for and towardthe Repair and Support of the \{aid colleg .. - j'; . f VI. ,Ordered, Thathhe-fiollege Gatesbe. kept ‘lOcked'laiipinner andfiupperctimcs; andthat all the'Gates of the faid College the locked at Nine of the CIBEIi’every Night in .the Summer, ». and at Eight,,in“the;Winter 5 andjjthat the Key] becarri- ed anddel'rvered to the Chaplain; tobekept by him in hisLodging. And, if any Memberof the {aid cellege be out after the Gates are lockedup, he lhall forfeit his next three Days Commons, “for every;fuc1i Offence.‘ , ~ .. , ~ - VII. Ordered, That the Chaplain of the faid College be a devout, pious, fober,’ modefit, good Man, in holy Orders ; and that he do. read. Di- :Vine serVice according to the now Ufage of the Churtih 'of England, twice every Week-Day in the Year, in the Chapel of the faid College, at the Hours‘of Eleven in the Morning, and atvahree in the Afternoon ; and do read Prayers, and preach twice every Sunday in the Summer-time, and fo Iikewife in the Winter, unlefs he lhall be difpenf- ed with by the Founder, or Foundrefs, or Vilitors for the Time being, or the major Part of them, to preach but once a Day, during any Part of the two Winter Qiarters : And, during fuch Dif- penfation, the faid Chaplain Ihall expound the Scriptures, and inf’truet the Congregation in Mat- ters of Faith, and the Doctrine of the Church. And it is further ordered, That the Chaplain {hall be always refident and abiding in the faid College, and not abfent .himfelf above one fingle Day at one Time, and that but very feldom, with- out Leave of the Founder, or F oundrefs, or Vi- fitors, or major Part of them, for the Time be- ing ; and then the Chaplain to find one to do his Duty in every Thing there, according to his Place and F unétion in the faid College, during his Abfence ; and, alfo, that the Chaplain do ad- minif’ter the holy Sacrament'of the Lord’s Sup— PCX‘ at Icafl: four Tlule in 'Lhc Year, that is to fay, at Cbrz'flmas, Eafler, W/az'tfantz'de, ot fome Sunday or Lord’s-Day after Trinity, at the Difcre- tion of the Chaplain -, and that he do ‘vifit and pray with the Sick within the faid College; and likewife exhort and prepare all the Members of the faid College to be worthy Partakers of the holy Communion. VIII. Ordered, That the Clerk of the Chapel do every Day ring the Bell, to call the Members to Prayers, fome convenient Time before the Chaplain do begin, and do attend in the Chapel in his Gown, and duly make his Refponfes ; and do his Duty there, and keep the Pews and Cha- pel clean and neat, upon Pain of the Forfeiture of nine Shillings and four Pence for every fuch lid Omiffion or Olfence, to be deducted out of his yearly Salary and Wages. IX. Ordered, That all the Merchants belong- ing .to the faid College do attend and come to Prayers, .Morning and Afternoon, in the Chapel of the faid College in their Gowns, with their Common Prayer Books -, and do behave them- felves there reverently, with great Piety and De- votion, and duly make their Refponfes, upon Pain of forfeiting their next and three Days Corn~ ‘ mons, for every Breach ofthis Order. And do likewife receive the holy Sacrament in the faid Chapel, at leaft, four Times every Year, upon Pain of forfeiting ten Days Commons, for every fuch their Default and Negleét, Without reafon— able Caufe to the contrary, to be allowed by the Founder or Foundrefs, or Vifitors for the Time being, or the major Part of them; and, allb, that they be confiant, attending upon fuch Evening Leétures orExpofitions, asthe Chaplain fhall ufe in Morden“'Ca//ege. Orders. A and their, and every, of their; yearly Allevvances, ‘ the public Hall for their “Benefit and. Infirufl'ion. .X. Ordered, That‘all Difputes and Difiérence‘s arifing between the Members of the faid College, or any of them, lhall_ be referred to the_Deter;— mination of the Chaplain of the faid College, if he can compofe and end the fame 3. if not, to the abfolute. Determination of. the Founder .or F oun- drefs,‘ :or'the Vifitors fdrithe Time being, or the ,y major ‘Part of them,‘ 'or. of fuch other Perfon or ‘ “ Perfons, as theyjfhall appoint todetermine the fame. " j‘ . - - > ' XI. Ordered, Thatjevery Monday Nonn, int; mediately after Dinner,’vone Of the'Merchants bes longing to the faid Cellege {hall belchofen by the Majority of Voices then prefent,‘ to be" Caterer that Week ; who, being fo chofen, {hall go to Market, and. fee the Meat weighed and brought into. the’ College, and that their due Proportion of Meat be delivered by the Butcher to the Cook 3 and that all other‘ Provifions and Neceffaries be provided, and fent in for the Ufe Of thelffaid Col,- lege. And if any one fo chofen {hall‘refufe of neglect to do his Duty therein, without reafona‘ble Caufe fhewn to the contrary, during that week he {hall be 16 chofen, he {hall forfeit his Comf mons that Week, for fuch his Default or Neglect; XII. Ordered, That no Servant {hall ’eut, take, or carry away, or have any Commons: from Ta: ble, before the Merchants have dined, or {up— ped, or cut off any Meat before it belbrought to Table, upon Forfeiture of a Week’s‘fCommon‘s3 for every fuch Offence. — ‘ , * ‘ XIII. Ordered, That all the Members of the faid College do demean and behave themfelves civilly and orderly in the faid College; and do‘ not give any ill Language, or caufe any Strife or Difiurbance between any of their Fellows , nor’ intermeddle with any Bufinefs of the College, con- trary to the Intent of thefe Orders. And if any them {hall fwear accidentally an Oath, or be drunk, or commit any other immoral Aft, for which he or they {hall not be expelled, then they, and every of them 1'0 offending, {hall forfeit his and their next Day’s Commons for fuch their Of- fence. XIV. Ordered, That if any of the Members of the fald College {hall lie out of the faid Col— lege without Leave from the Founder, Foundrefs, or Vifitors of the faid College, for the Time be: ' ing, ‘or the major Part of them, that every. fueh Member of the faid College {hall forfeit one Week’s Commons for every Night he {hall fo’lie out without Leave, or reafonable Caule Ihew’n for his f0 doing, to be allowed of by the Founder, or Foundrefs, or Vilitors, or the major Part of them, for the Time being. ' XV. Ordered, That an Account in Writing, e‘very fijrfi Monday in every Month, be delivered by the Butler to the Steward, or Receiver of the - faid College, of the Commons of all abfent Mem~ bers, with or without Leave ; and alfo of all the forfeited Commons, within that Month, then lai’t paft: And that the Steward, or Receiver, do keep a difiinét Account thereof, entered into his Book -, and take Care that the fame be employed and difpofed of, for and towards, the Maintenance and Improvement of the Garden of the faid Col- le e. gXVI. Ordered, That the Chaplain do take Notice of, and endeavour to regulate and prevent all Mifunderl’tandings and Diforders, within the faid College, by vifiting the Hall and Chambers of the Gentlemen, . and others of the find College, as often as Occafion fhall require. . XVII. Ordered, That all the Members of the faid College do obferve and firiftly keep and obey all thefeOrdets, and all fuch other Orders as from Time to Time {hall be made by the R r r' j ‘ . Founder,- 2M 248 Sir Robert jefliq's Hof— pital. Rules and Dr- ders for this Hofpital. I ronmongers Hq/ijbitdl. , Founder, Fou‘ndrefs, or Vifltors, or the major Part of them, [for the Time being, for the well Governing, Ordering, and Management of the faid College. H I. S Hofpital is of a larger and nobler T Charity, eXtending to the Relief and Com- fort of a great Number of aged poor People, is that of Sir Robert 7efl'rey5, Knt. late Alderman, and fome Time Lord Mayor of the City, of the Company ofIronmongers, deceafed, who left, by his lafl: Will and Tefiament, dated the 10th of February, 1703, a great Sum of Money, among feveral other Demifes to charitable Ufes, to the Truft and Care of the faid Company, for the fu - porting and maintaining of as many Poor, as t. e faid Money, invef’ced in Freehold Eflate, either of Lands or Houfes, would amount to, allow- ing to each a certain Sum annually, as is menti- oned in the faid Will. And, accordingly, they, the Matter, Wardens, and Livery of the {aid Company of Ironmongers of Landau, have now of late, out of the Produce and Profits of the {aid Mo- ney, ereéted and finilhed a commodious, decent Building, near Sbaredz'tcb, for the Habitation and Refidence of the faid poor People, both Men and Women, whiCh, as they fay, colt twelve Thoufand Pounds, or upwards. There are admitted alrea— dy forty-four Perfons; but the Hofpital is capa- Ironmmgm Hofpital. ble of receiving many more, to the Number of . Each have a Gown, and are paid quar- terly thirty Shillings; and, befides their Rooms, they have a Cellar. There is alfo a Chapel for the Refort of the poor People to daily Prayers, and a Chaplain, who hath an annual Salary, and Chambers allowed him. And, for the better Government of thefe, that are, or lhall be admitted to dwell in the, faid Alms-Houfe, and enjoy the Benefits thereof, it was ordered and appointed, at a General Court held ,by the {aid Company, at their Hall. the 17th of November, 1715, that certain Rules and Orders, to be put in Print, lhould be firiétly ob— ferved by the faid AlmsaFolks ; and divers Pe- nalties annexed for Breach or Neglect of them, even to Expulfion, in fome Cafes, comprized in XXIX Articles 5 WhiCh’ being {0 well Contrived i fides the Penalty of the Law in this Behalf pro- for the maintaining of Sobriety, Peace, good Or- der, mutual Help and Society, Religion and Vir~ tue among them, may deferve to be here fet or {hall be minded, to lay out their Chrii’cian Dc- votion' and Charity that Way. Imprimz's, It is Ordered, That upon the Death of any Perfon, that is, or {hall be chofe into the {aid Alms-Houfe, to partake of the faid‘Charity, there Ihall, at the next (luarterly Court, or at furthefc, at the fecond Quarterly Court, after the Death of the faid Perfon, be another Perfon chofe in the Room of the faid Perfon fo deceafed. II. That any Relation of the faid Benefaéf’tor, that is a proper Objeét, lhall be preferred to any other Petitioner: And, in Defeét of any fuch Relation petitioning, It is Ordered, That any Member, or their Widow, that have been Live- rymen er F reemen of the Company of Ironmon- gers, who is a preper Object, {hall be preferred to any other Petitioner 2 But, in Defeét of any fuch Petitioning, the greatelt Objeft that {hall petition, {hall be chofe without Favour or Affec- tion. III. That fuch Perfon be chofe- in, for his or ‘ her Life, he or {he obeying and fulfilling all the following Orders; but be liable to be expelled, upon being guilty of fuch Crimes as are hereafter ' mentioned to be punifhed with Expulfion. IV. That it be a general Rule to. be obferved, that no Perfon {hall be chofe under fifty-fix Years of Age, not to be difpenfed with, unlefs upon fome extraordinary Qccafion. ._ ' I ‘ V. ,That no ,Perfon chofe fhall havethe iUfe and Benefit of more than one Room "and Partiti- on in the Cellar, which {hall be afligned'them by either of the Wardens. ' a ' VI. That, if any Perfon chofe- be amarried Man, it' may be lawful-for his Wife to cohabit with him, {he obferving and obeying all thefe Orders : But, upon the "Hufband’s Deteafe, his Widow is to relinquifh the AlmsaHoufe, unlefs being qualified by her Age, fhelhrall be elects ed herf'elf. . ' ' ‘ , VII. The Honour and Service of Almighty God being above all Things to be refpe&ed, it is Ordered, That all abiding in the {aid Alms- Houfe, .Men and Women, being in Health, and well able to walk, fhall every Lord’s Day, and Days of public F aft or Thanld'giving in the Year, go either to their Pariih Church, or fome other Place where Service to Almighty God is‘ performed, and abide there to hear, attend, and perform Divine Worlhip: And, for Ne left there- of, fhall forfeit four Pence for every (fence, to he deduéted out of thenext Payment‘of their Pen-_ ions. VIII. That, if‘ any of the faid films-People {hall ufe any blafphemous Words, tending to the Dilhonour of Almighty God, he or fhe, for the firfc Olfence, {hall forfeit fix Pence, for the fe- cond twelve Pence, and, for the third. Olfence, {hall be expelled the Alms-Houfe for ever. IX. That, if any of the faid Alma-People fhall commit Adultery, Fornieation, or fuch-hke Un- eleannefs, or lhall {teal within the Houfe ‘Or with- out, or {hall ufually beg in any Place Without the Houfe, or {hall commonly frequent any Houfc or Houfes fufpeéted of Lewdnefs,‘ or admit or re- ceive, commonly, to his or her Room, fuch Per- fon or» PerfOns, which are or have been infamous for lewd Lives; he, or fhe, f0 offending, and being duly proved, lhall be expelled the Alma— Houfe for ever. X. That, if any of the faid Alms-People lhall, at any Time or Times, either within the Houfe or without, be drunk, he or fhe, f0 offending, be- vided, fhall, for the firft Offence, forfeit four Pence; for the fecond, eight Pence; for the third, . 'f v '— ' f , _ down for good Example Sake, and for the Direc- " Ixteen Pence ; and, for the ourth fhall be ex tion of any other well difpofed Perfons, that are, 1 pelled the Houfe for ever. XI. That noneof’ the poor Alms-People lhall give any railing, bitter, or uneharitable Speeches, or give any Stripe or Blows to any of their F 614 lows, upon Forfeiture of a Month’s Pay for the firfi: Ofi‘ence, and Expulfion for the fecond. . 7 ' XII. That none but fuch as are of good Life- and Converfation, certified by Certificates, figned by known and reputable .Perfons; no common Swearers, known Adulterers, or Fornicators -,"nQ Thief, common Drunkards, Scolds, or unquiet Perfon or Perfons, fhall be eleéted or continued in the faid Alms-Houfe. XIII. That if any- of. the faid Aims—Poo le ihall lie out of the fame by- Night, without i- eence- of the Malter, or one of the Wardens, or ? fome lawful Exc-ufe to be approved of by them, for the firfi: Ofi‘ence- fhall forfeit out of their Pay four Pence, for the fer-20nd Offence double, or, repeating the fame Ofl’enee above three Times in One Year, to be expelled. XIV. That none of the faid Aims—People {hall harbour or lodge any Stranger, young Child, or Children in his or her Chamber, nor take any, \Voman to attend him or her but in Time of Sicknefs only, and no other but his or her Sifter, Daughter, or fome near Relation, or fome W 0- man \ Book I. chap. XXVII: man of good Converl’ation, not under fifty Years of Age, on Pain to lofe 0r forfeit for every Night any Perfon be harboured or lodged, contrary to this Order, five Shillings, to be {topped out of their Penfion. . . - ' XV. That none of the Poor of the faid Alms- Houfe fhall make any Alteration in their Room, under Colour to amend their Lodging, or on any Pretence whatfoever, without Direction of the Mailer or Wardens, upon Pain of Expulfion. XVI. That none of the Aims-People lhall fpoil or break down any‘Walls, Fences, or Trees, plantedyor to be planted, upon Penalty to for- feit twelve Pence, befides to make good the fame at their own Charge. XVII. ,That none of the faid Aims-People {hall caf’t‘or layany Rubbifh, Dull, ‘ or any noi- fome Thing whatfoever within any Part of the faid Alms-Houfe, or any Ditch adjoining thereto, or any the Walks or Paifages thereof, to the An- noyance of any of their F ellows; but fliall keep their Rooms, and the Walks, Ways, and Pafi'a— ges before their Doors fw-eet and clean; or for every Offence herein, to forfeit four Pence. XVIII. That none of the Alms-Peoplefliall rits, or other Liquors, either publicly or private- ly, upon Pain of Expulfion. . ' ‘ XIX. That none of the faid Aims-People {hall teach School, or eXerciie any Trade or Occupa— ; tion that may be prejudicial or dangerous to the ' Building, "or any Annoyance or Diiiurbance to their Fellows, or that lhall require the Alliltance of any other Perform, on Forfeit (if-twelve Pence per Week, {0 longfis they tranfgrefs. XX. That all Perfons belonging to .the'faid ' Alms-Houfe {hall return and come to their faid feveral Lodgings, except licenfed by the ,Mai’ter or one of the \N ardens to be abfent for fome lhort Time, between the .firi’t Day of Ofiober and the fil‘ll: Day of March, yearly, at or before the Hour of Seven of the Clock in the Evening of thofe Days : And between the firl’t Day of March and the firi‘t Day of sz‘ober, yearly, at or before the Hour of Nine of the Clock, upon Forfeit of four Pence for the firi’t Offence; for the fecond, eight Pence; for the third, twelve Pence; and for the fourth to be expelled. XXI. That once every Qiarter all the Offen- ces that are punilhable by F orfeitures {hall be heard and decided, and fined by the Mailer, or one of the Wardens of the Company of Ironmon— gers, ailiited by any three or more of the Livery, in hearing of as many of the Alms-People as can be got together, for Example Sake. XXII. That all the Offences aforefaid; that are punilhable by Expullion, ihall be heard and judged by the Mailer, Wardens, and Livery in a General Court alTembled at their Hall. And who- foever, by the Majority of the {aid Court, {hall be ordered to be expelled, {hall never after be ca- pable to be chofe again, or to be admitted into the faid Alms-I-loufe; but: a Padlock {hall be put upon their Door, and their Goods delivered to them, or placed in the Cellar under the great Room till they fetch them away. And any of the faid Aims-People that fhall lodge them after- wards in their Chamber, {hall forfeit twelve Pence for every Night they {hall entertain them, XXIII. That, if any of the faid Alms-People die, their GOWns {hall be for the Benefit of fuch Perfon as {hall be chofe in their Room, upon Pe— nalty of loling what Penfion than be. due a: the Time of their Deceafe. . XXIV. That, if any of the {aid Aims-Pe0ple die, the Charge of their Burial {hall be defrayed by their Friends and Relations before they move their Goods. XXV. That none of the. Aims-People {hall re- 3 Wef’crninllejr Infirmary. fufe- to be aiding and aflil’ting to ‘one another; and, in Cafe of Sicknefs, it is expeéted they than by Turns attend, affil’t, and be helpful'to each other, and live in Peace and Unity ‘one with the other, and which of them {hall reful'e their good Offices to each other, in their Sicknefs, (ball, up on 1%00d Proof, be expelled the Houfe. XVI. That a proper Perfon fliall be appomtp“ Pleafure, who fhall be required to give a juih againi’t any the Orders herein contained. . XXVII. That the F orfeitures' be divided into three Parts ; one to the Informer, the other twat Parts to be put into a common Box, and be. di- v1ded every Cbrz'flmas amongl’t the Poor 0f the} faid Alms-Houfe, at the Difcretion of the Mai?) ter and Wardens, or any two of them. ,_ XXVIII. That thefe Orders, being fairly printa ed, fhall be hung up‘in the greatRoorn, and read ubliclyfthere, in the Prefenc‘e of the AIWSe Peop e, twice in the Year, yearly, via“. on 9!- near the .2 5th of March and ‘aoth of Septemlwt land: that another, Copy he kept ,by thfi Clerk of fell or vend any firong Beer, Ale, Brandy, Spi— ‘ ' thehonm‘mgfl’fi COmPanY, to. have Refers to upon Occafion... . , ‘ L XXIX. That fuch‘further Orders as the cm; .pany {hall make {hall be binding]. . , _ Wefiminfier Infirmary, , . .41: Amount of like Proceedings of fbe iff'i‘ztflees of ”the :Public Infirmary in James’s~8t'reet, Weftminflter, near St. James’s Park, from their Btflitution, in 'tlve fear 1719', to the 31/? ofDecernber, r753, inclufrve. . ‘ \ 'HAT, in the Year 1719, feveral welle-dift pofed Gentlemen, defireus to la. the F We». dation of a mofl: beneficent and exten WC Charity: viz. that of providing for fuch lick and needy'PCr~ fons as were deltitute of proper Alfil’cance, and of‘ tentimes of common Necelfaries, agreed, that now thing would‘mOre efieetually anfwer .the End. pro; pofed, than fixing and f pporting, by voluntary Contributions, a Public nfirmary, in St. Marga»: rat’s Pariih, for the Reception and Relief of the induftrious Sick and Needy-from all Parts, there being then nothing of that Sort within the popu-g bers twelve Calendar Months, and paid their {ea ‘cond Year’s Subfcri tion, are Truftees 'of this Charity, with equal owers and Privileges; fo, the , more they pleafe to engage themfelves in attends ling and conduetin the Affairs of it, they will be the greater Benefa ors, and be the better able to fatisfy themfelves and others that the Money gia ven is juitly and flu ally applied. ‘ And all Per: Ions, immediately rom becoming Subfcribersg. have a Right of recommending Patients. and at»: tending the Weekly Boards, but nor of voting at ‘General Boards till the {econd Year’s SUbeI‘lP-n tion is paid. ‘ By a late Order, a particular Privilege, natal; IOWGd inother Hofpitals, is given to all Perlons who 1112111 by Will bequeath a Legac of .fifty Pounds or more to this Societ , viz. t e Liber~ ty of nominatin another Per on, who, immedo ately after the ayment of the {aid Legacy, . be deemed a. Trui’tee, and enjoy all the fame Pris vileges as the other Tr'uf’t'ees. ‘ . A Number of Truftees meet every Waring/”day, at Ten in the Morning; and at thefe Weekly Boards the Incomes andlDifburfements are Rated and adjufted, the Accounts regularly kept, and Patients are difchar ed and admuted. When lthere is not Room or all the Patients recom- mended ed by the faid Company, at-a Court to kee the ' ,Key of the Gates from Time to T ime, at Iiheir and impartial Account of all Offences Committedt ' lous City» and Liberties of WQ/Zmiltflef. As all, ‘ Perfons who have given a Benefaé‘tion of thirty ‘ Pounds, or upwards, or who, have been Subfcri- 249 TO SI‘ z 50" Wei’tminl’ter Infirmary. I ‘ mended to be received into the Houfe, the Pre-V f’e‘tence is given to thofe whofe Cafes require the mofi: immediate Relief -, the others are pol‘tponed‘ till there is Room, and, in the mean Time, have Advice and Medicines given'them as Out-Pa- tients. ~ There are alfo four Qlarterly General Boards held in a,Year, and Special General Boards occa— ~ fionally, to which all Truitees, refiding in‘l'or near Town, are fummoned, ~ when Matters of greater Moment than thofe tranfaéted at Weekly Boards are taken into Confideration ; and, by a Majorityof the Members prefent,'all Orders have . from Time to Time been made, altered, or re— Verfed, as Occafion required. ' ‘ Samuel Baldwin, of Maiden-Lane, Comm-Garden, Gent. is the Tre’afurer; Dr. Wilbrabam, Dr.‘ Wil- liam Cone, and Dr. (Watfon are the Phyficians ; and Mr. 7obn Pyle, Mr. I/Vzlliam Baker, and Mr. Ro— bert- Heat/afield are the Surgeons. men attend gratis, and, every Saturday, at Ten of the Clock, have a general Confultation, and - g‘ive Advice to fuch poor Perfons‘ as think fit “ to f3 ‘ apply. The feveral Apothecaries, Who are Truf— ' tees, take Care in their Turns to procure the belt ' Medicines at the belt Hand, ‘wliich are not re- ceived, nor paid for, till they are infpeé‘ted and * approved by ~a~Gommittee of the Phyficians, Sur- : geons, and Apothécaries of the Society, who meet , every firf’t Mondayin the Month at the Infirmary for that Purpofe“; ‘ and "great Care'is taken that the Medicines are properly difpenfed, andduly. adminif’tered, according to the Prefcriptions and Direétions of the Phyficians. '_ g ‘ For the Good: of the Soulsas well as the. B0- dies of thefe poor Patients, feveral worthy Cler- gymen conf’tantly and carefully vifit and infiruét them ; and, at' their Difcharge, religious Traéts are given them. ‘ Other’ worthy Gentlemen take the Trouble of infpeéting daily the Pgovifions and good Order of the Houfe. . L ‘ Since the Infl‘itution of this Society, the Chari—' ty has been enlarged in the fpveml Particulars fonowing, viz. ' A» Cloathing the Poor, _ for their greater Cleanli- nefs, whilft they continue in the Houfe. ‘ Burying fuch Patients as die in the Infirmary, Whofe Friends are not capable of burying them, bywhich Means the Inconvenience of poor Pa- tients procuring Security for their Burial is re- moved. ' '* And entertaining Patients deemed incurable. '“The lal’t'of which has been encouraged, and is {till fupported by particular Benefactions for'that Purpofe ; and for whofe Ufe a feparate Ward is provided. ' They at prefent receive fuch incurable Patients ' only as have been in the Infirmary for a compe- tent Time, and, after the Ufe of all proper Me- thods and Medicines, are judged at lai’t to be in- curable ; and maintain them'out of the Intercit- Money arifing from the faid Benefactions. . By ‘ thefe Enlargements of this Charity, which was the firfi: of this Nature in England, it is nowbeé come the moft open, beneficial, and extenfive of , any of its Kind. . , . - As the Nature and End of this Undertaking fufiiciently appears by the foregoing Particulars, [0 does the‘Succefs of it by the following Ac-i Count; in which the Number of Perfons cured, the Sums of Money received, expended, and re-' maining at this Time in Bank, are all carefully and jufily fpecified. fln dccoant of Patient: wbicb leave been admitted in- ; to Ibis Infirmary from tbe Inflitation, in I 719, to ,. tbe gljl of December, 1753, inclnflve. - ' By former AccoUnts, from 1719 to the gift of Thefe Ge‘ntle- 1 December, 1752, incluIiVe, thirty-five Thoufand five Hundred and Seventy-feven. ‘ ’ ’ Cured this Year, one Thoufand oneHundred and‘Sixty-two. " ' ‘ Difcharged for Irregularity, Ten. ' . Improper Objeéts, or Perfons not likely to re- ceive any Benefit, Five. . , ' Out—Perfons, difcharged for not attending, fu’p-' ,pofed cured, feven Hundred and Twenty-four. , Dead, Sixty-three. ' , ' ~ Out-Patients, then on the Books, two Hundred and Two. ' ' I , .' Patients in the Houfe the 311i of December, 1753, exclufive of thofe in the four Beds referved for Accidents, Eighty-three.’ . ' , On the Fund for Incurables, Thirteeng'. ‘ ' Total, from the If: of 7annary to the 31?: of December, 1753, two Thoufand two Hundred and, Sixty-two. ' p . In all, thirty-{even Thoufand eight Hundred and Thirty-nine. Note, Two Hundred and Eighty-three of thofe admitted within that Time were fudden Ac- cidents, fent in without any Recommenda- tion. - ‘ A general flbflrafl of tbe Account, from tbe: ljl of January to tbe 31/} of December, 1753, both inclnfive. .» ' . l ‘ . For the Curables. ” g t‘: ‘ ’Receipts, ‘vizfi l. ' ‘ s. d. " Balance of the lad Year’s Ac- ' count » -—'-— ---—--I 2150, ’ 9. 9g Subfcriptions received fince the left “ Account . ‘ 1220 I4. I ~ For the ,Supp’Ort of the Incurables 231’ I4. 0 Five Years Rent of the Cellars, due Marcb 25, 1753 ‘-—-—— 25 a o ._ Benefaélions. Collefied at St. Margaret’s Church . l on the Rehearfal of Feal’t-Days 260 7 3 Mrs. Woodcock 20 0 o The Righc.I—qu. LhC Counteis of {Irwin 20 o o A Perfon unknown —-—-—— 400 o 0 And from feveral others u ---- 21 16 o Interei’t, viz. One Year’s Interef’t of 800 l. Ea]?- India'Annuities, at 3% per Cent. ’ due the 10th of Oc‘Zober laft 28 o 0 One Year’s Intereft of 4001. ditto at 3 l. per Cent. due the 10th of Ofiober lal’t 12 o 0 Half aYear’s Interefi: of five Ea/b- India Bonds, due the goth of September lai‘t 7 10 0 One Year’s lntereft of fix ditto, due . the goth of September laft 18~ o 0 Premium and Interel’t of fix Eajt- » India Bonds fold One Year’s Interei‘t of Capt. Tay- lor’s long Annuity Order, aflign- ed to Truf’cees by his furviving Executor, purfuant to a Decree of the Court of Cbancery, due , the Iothof Oflober lal’t One Year’s Interei’t of his long An- nuity Order, Numb. 4.32, on 37001. per Week Excife, due the 10th of Ofiober lal’t , One Year’s Interef’t on 500 l. Somb- Sea Annuities, due the -5th of 7uly laft. » ‘ Legacies. Mr' yofipb. .6790]? j. 42 It 8 —_ 2000‘ 1000 15 o o“ c...— 5o_o o -———-——- 4553. 1.9% 7': __ . Brought '. Book It." Chap. XXVII. ‘ " . 1.‘ s. d." Brought over ——-3 . , ' 4553 2‘ » 9%, The Right Rev. Martin Lord Bi- - .. . flmp of Glouoefl‘er . p , 10 0 0 Mrs. Mary Radge ' . ' .200 0 0 Dr. Henry Brooke --—-—-—- 20 o 0 Mrs. Meriel Putloml ’ ‘ ‘ '5- o 0 _ ‘Total Receipts .4788 2 9% ~— Paytnents, *vz'z’. - * ' 1 Houfek‘eeping in general‘ :-———‘ i015 15' IO Medicines di’fpenfed - " — 3,29 9 8 Salaries and Wages *-———- 192 14 2% T radefmen’s Bills 302 7 9 Extraordinaries. Premium and Interef’c on five Eofl- , India Bonds . 36 15, II Premium of 10001. Soutlo~Seez An- nuities ofthe Year 1751 -—- 35,12 6 Burying the Dead —‘-'~-—- 36 0 9 _—-——————I_——.—— v Tetal Payments 194.8 16 7g- . Balance the 3 111 of December, 1 7 5 3, as by the lal’t Audit 2839 6 2% 4788 2 9%.: The faid Balance confil’ts of the, following Particulars, viz. . . Eofl-Indz’a Annuities, at 3—; per Cent. 800 o 0 Ditto, at 31. per Cent. 40°. 0 0 Eafl-Indz'o Bonds H 500 o o South-Sea Annuities of the Year 1751 ' .——'-—-' - 1500 o 0 ‘. ' 3200' o 0 Due to the Treafurer, being what - - - has been advanced on this Ac- " count more than received —- 360 13 9% 2839 6 2; For the Incur‘ables. .' - - . . . - ..-Receipts,; viz. Balance of the laft Year’s Ac- _ ,. , count ‘ 5842 I7 65 Benefaftions, biz. ' i Mrs. Mary Redd -----‘- ‘ "5" 5 0 Perfon' unknown’ - ‘ 50 0 0 Mrs. Homo/9 Low/oer -——--—- 2 2 0 Interel’t. . . One Year’s Interell of the four Exchequer Orders of the Year 1736, in the Name of George ‘ Luce, due the 5th of yon. 1211’: 12 o 0 Half a .Year’s Interefi of ditto New ' Bank Annuities, 'due' the 5th of . ' juhlalt,_‘. ,’ ' , f 6 0 0 One Year 'and a Hams Interel’t of 2500 1. New‘ Soul/948m ‘Annui- ties, due the 5th of 7:11}: ‘laft 131 5 0 Half a Year’s Interel’t of 28001. South-Sea Annuities, due the 10th of Ofiooer, 1752 -—- 49 0 0 One Year’s lnterel’t of 30001. ditto due the 10th of Oflolrer lafl: ——- 105 0 0 Legacies. , Mr. yofep/a Crook 100 0 0 Mrs. Mary Evan: 50 o o The Right Rev. Marlin Lord Bilhop'of Glouee/Zer , 10 ,0 0 Total Receipts. 636g 9 6-; Payments, 'uz'z. For their Maintenance, Cloathing, and Medicines this Year NUMB. XXII. p.“ 231 14 o . ' Wefiminfier' Irzflrmdry. . '7 l. s ’d. Brought over . '—-'- 23.1. I4 0' Extraordinary. . Premium On 2001.- Som‘lb-Sw’An-~ “ . , . nuitiesbought . 17 o 0' . Balance the 3111 Day of Decemoer, 1753, as by the lal’t‘Audit 6114 15 6g. ,_ 6363 '9 6e The faid Balance 'conlif’ts of thé ' following Particulars, viz. South-Sea Annuit‘ies- -——-'-' 3000 0 0 ‘ NeW South-Sea Annuities -'~-‘- 2 500 0 0 Bank Annuities, at 31. per Cent. 400 0 0' Calh in the Treafurer’s Hands 2‘14 15 6;; 6114 15 6% Receipts from the lnftitution of this Infirmary, Anno 1719, :for the Curables, to the 311’: of De- . oember, 1752, inclufive _—‘-- 41023 4 41;: Receipts for the Year 1753 2637 13 g Receipts from the Efiablilhment of - the Incurables, 1171720 1734, to the gift of December, 1752, in- clufive ‘ ' ' 8217 15' 1 Receipts for the, Year 1753 -'-‘- 520 12 0. Total Receipts for both Charities to the glfi of December, 1753, inclufive ———- ---- 52399 5 2% Payments ‘from the Inflitution of 'this Infirmary, 11mm 1719, for the Curables, to the 3111 of De- . toemoer, 1752,. inclufive -—-. 388721 14 6.2; Payments for the Year 1753 ‘1948 16 7;; Payments from the Ef’cablifhment , .of the Incurables,'flnno 1734,_to ‘ _» the 3111 ofii‘Deeember,‘ 1752, in- .clufive V. -—-‘--— ~-——-' 2374- 18 3% Payments for the. Year 1753 248 I4. 0 Total Payments of both Charities, ~ "to the gift of December, 1753, inclufive —-'-— 43445 3 5—3: Balance then of the Whole 8954. 1 8,; ”— 52399 5 2% Note, That the Sum of 61141. 15 5. bed. Part of the faid Balance of 89541. 1 s. 8gd. is the’ unalienable Fund forrthe lncurables, to be ' ‘ maintained out of the Interefi-Money arifing from that and all future Benel‘actions or Le~ gacies for that Purpofe; and only the re- maining Sum M28391. 6 s. 2;;d. can be ex- pended for the Ufe of the refi of the Patients. And, having been purfued fo far with fuch ex- traordinary Succefs, encouraged by the Care and Liberality of to many Subfcribers and Benefaétors, and, above all, 10 vifibly fupported by the Blei1 ling of God, we doubt not but it will long cons tinue to promote his Glory, and the Benefit of. the Bodies and Souls of Numbers- of poor People. We have, therefore, good Reafon to hope, that the Religious, Virtuous, and Benevolent, 'whofe F ortunes' enable them to do Good, W111, with Chearfulnefs, encourage a Work {0 humane and ufeful "to the molt mlferable of their F CHOW? creatures; and, in order to anfwer theeurrent Expence, that {the T ruf’tees will fend their Bene- , faétions and Sdbltripiions to the Treafurer at the weekly Board, and continue to pay their Suba fcriptions in Advance. N. B.- A Subfcriber that negleéts to pay his S s s Subfcrip- as t :52. “ St. Luke’s Hofiottalfir Lunatics. ' come of the Hof pital arifing chiefly out of Houfes, Subfcriptions for two Years forfeits all Pri— . vileges as a Trufiee, till his Arrears are paid u who may be difpofed to contribute hereto, by their lait Will and Teftarnent, we are delired to publifh the following Form : Item, I givehand hequeath unto A. B. and C. D. ‘ the Sum of upon Tru/t, and to the Intent, .that they, or one of them, do pay the fame to the Trecy'urer or Treafurerr, for the Time heing, of 4! So- ciety who now call themfeltter, The Trui’tees of the Public Infirmary in 7ames’s-Street, Weflminfler; which [aid Sum of ’ I hVill and deflre may he paid out of my per/anal E/tate, and applied toward: carrying on the charitahle Deflgns of the [aid Society. Several Beds are always referved for Accidents, and fuch Objects are taken in at all HOurs of the Day or Night, without any Recommendation; but other Patients mui’t bring a, Letter to the weekly Board, figned'by fome Trufiee, in the following Form, viz. ‘ Day of"- I7 Gentlemen, 5 I deflre you will admit of the Pa- ri/h of in the County of . whom I helieve to he a real Ohjeft of Charity, to he an Patient of the Infirmary, and you will ohlige 2” our humhle Servant, To the Trul’cees of the Public Infirmary in yames’s- Street, W e/tmin er. All Letters of Recommendation are to be de- livered before Ten of the Clock on Wedne/day Morning, otherwife the Patient cannot be ad- ‘ mitted. - Each Subfcriber, or Benefaétor, can have only two Out-Patients, or one In-Patient and one Out- Patient, at the fame Time. As afihmatic and confumptive Cafes are gene- rally more capable of Relief, if the Perfons af- - fliéted are Out-Patients, rather than Iii-Patients, the Truitees are defired not: to recommend fuch , Perfons to be In--Patients, nor any whofe Cafes feem to be pal’t Hopes of Relief; for the admit- ting fuch as are in a dying Condition puts the Charity to a confiderable Expence for their Bu- . rial, and, at the fame Time, prevents others from ' being admitted who might probably be relieved. Green-Coat Ho/pital. I‘NG Charles the Firfl, by Letters Patent, ; dated the 15th of Novemher, I63 3, found- ed this Hofpital of St. Margaret’s, fituate in Tot- hjll-Fields, in‘ the City of Weytminfler, in the Coun- ty of Middle/ex, and appointed twenty Governors; but, his charitable Intention not fully taking Ef— feét, on Account of the Troubles in his Time, King Charles the Second, after his Rel‘toration, en- dowed this Holpital with a yearly Bounty of 501. payable out of the Receipt of his Majefty’s Ex-s chequer; fince which Time feveral Perfons, out of their pious and charitable Intentions, have gi- ven Benefaétions for the further Support of the faid Hofpital. , Twenty Children, of poor 'dif’trefl'ed Families, of the Parilh of St. Margaret’s, We/lminjler, are admitted, when nine Years of Age, and maintain- ed in this Hofpital with Meat, Drink, Walhing, Lodging, and Cloathing, and taught to read, write, and calt Accounts; and, at about fourteen Years of Age, are bound Apprentices, with each of whom a Sum of Money, not exceeding five Pounds, is paid, out of an Eflate given by Sir 3‘. Cutler, Bart. deceafed. There is at prefent 3. Ward fit for the Recep— tion of ten more Children; but, the yearly In- 2 Forpthe Information (if fuch charitable Perfons on which confiderable Sums of Money are fre- quently laid out in Repairs, the Governors cannot admit fuch Children without further Aflit’tancc from charitable and well-difpofed Perfons. L Grey-Coat Hoflital, in the Puff/7.) of St. Margaret, Weftminl’ter. I N this Hofpital eighty poor Children are cloath- ed, and maintained in Meat, Drink, Waihing, and Lodging -, and are taught to work, read, write, and caft Accounts; and are carefully in- firuéted in the Principles of the Chrifiian Reli— gion, according to the Doétrine of the Church of England. At Five of the Clock every Sunday Evening they are publicly examined upon the Expofition of the Church Catechifm, or Liturgy of the Church of England. N. B. That, lince the Year 1698, there have been bound Apprentices five Hundred and twenty-fix Boys, and two Hundred and eighty—four Girls. The Charge of each Child is about eight Pounds per dnnum, be- fides the Salaries and Wages of the Mafters, Mifirelies, Servants, and Charges of the Hofpital. Note alfo, That, at Mohaelmar, 1739, :1 Ma- thematical School was ereéted in the faid Hofpital, and a proper Matter employed to’ infiruét the Boys in the Art of Navigation, to fit them for the Service of their Country ; feveral of whom, fince the Ereétion of the faid Mathematical School, have been appren— ticed to Captains in the King’s Service at Sea. St. Luke’s Hofiaital, in Upper Moorfields, oppo/ite ' to New Bedlam. An Account of Patients received into, and difcharged out of St. Luke’s Hofitital for Lunatics, from the Opening of the Hofin'tal, on the 30th of July, 1751, to the 22d ofMareh, 1754. ATIENTS received into the Houfe, two Hundred and eleven. Patients now in the Houfe, Fifty. Difcharged cured, Eighty-two. Difcharged uncured, Thirty—fix. Difcharged as Idiots, and unfit, Twenty-fix. Dead, Eight. Taken away at the Defire of Friends, Seven. Difcharged for Want of necefl‘ary Cleathing, One. Difchar-ged, in Point of Circuml’tance, an im- proper Objeét, One. “In all, tWo Hundred and eleven. N. B. From the Opening of the Hofpital to the I 2th Day of Fehruaty, I7 52, the Houfe contained only twenty—five Patients: And, from the 12th of Fehruary, 1752, to jaun- ary 3 1, 1 7 54., the Houfe contained fifty Pa- tients. Receipts on Account of St. Luke’s Hofivital for Lu- natics, from Oétober 31, 1750, to March 22, I754- Receipts. l. s. d. To Governors Subfcriptions and Donations - - - 10012 6 2 To annual Donations - — - 2 38 IO 0 To Interefi received on three per Cent. India Annuities - - 727 13 0 T 0 Legacy of Rich. Cooke, Efq; 1000 o 0 To ditto of Dr. Thomas Crowe - 400 o 0 To ditto of Mrs. Eli/3 Hunter — 52 10 0 To ditto of Mr. 7an2or Brogden - 20 o o 12450 19 2 Brought n‘ (3.. q... . we; Aacmsegar . ’ ' “ Book 15 g Chap. XXVII.‘ 1. s. d. Brought over .- - — 12450 19 2 To Legacy from Matt/sew Lame, Efq; Executor of T 190mg: late Earl of Tender — — - 300 o 0 To ditto of Ric/a. Taunton, Efq; 100 0 0 To ditto of Sam. Remnant, Efq; Ioo , o 0 To ditto of Mrs. Eli/I Carter - 50 o 0 To ditto of 7790. Le Gendre, Efq; t 500 o 0 13500 19 2 The clear Efiate of this Hofpital confifis in 100001. 3 per Cent. India Annuities, which cof’t 101 14. 17; 6 By Cafh in‘ the Treafurer’s Hands 1 5 7 7 10130 5 1 — Payments on flceoam‘ of St. Luke’s Hofpz’talfor Lu- natics, from October 31, 1750, to March 22, 1754. .Payments. 1. s. (1. By Fine to the City of London and'Leafes - - 113 18 0 By Caih for Houfliold Expences in Provifions, {9%. - - 832 1 2 6 By Houfliold Furniture and Linen 22 3 1 8 6 By Stationary Ware, Printing, and Stamp Duty for Bonds - - 103 0 By Buildings and Repairs - - 1778 17 By Houfe—Rent and Taxes - — 56 3 By Wages, €56. — - — - 198 6 By petty Expences , - - — By ’infuring 10000 1. on the Hof- pital - - — — - By Cafh paid for 86001. three per Cent. India Annuities - — By Cafh in the Treafurer’s Hands I4 10114 17 I57 13500 19 2 O O O I 4946 6 6 7 The Lying—in Hofpz'tezl for married Women in Brownlow Street, Long-Acre. Y the Plan of this Hofpital every Conveni- ence thefe dif’trefl'ed Objects can require, is ‘ amply provided; commodious Apartments and Beds, good Nurfing, plain fuitable Diet, proper Medicines, the charitable Aflii’tance of Gentle- men of Skill and Experience in Midwifry, and on due Occafions the fpiritual Comfort of a fober‘ and pious Divine. Thefe feveral Benefits they Will enjoy without the leaft Expence to them- felves, and at a Time when their Condition ren- ders them ufelefs, or rather a Burthen to their Families at Home, to which, from the Care taken of them in this Hofpital, they will, probably, in a few Weeks, be able to return firong and healthy. This Charity was infiituted in November, 1749, and the firi‘t general Meeting of the Subfcribers was held on the 17th of that Month; at which Time, honoured with the Proteétion of his Grace the Duke of Portland, as Prefident, and encou- raged by the Benefaétions of many worthy Sub— fcribers, a Plan for the El‘tablifhment and Re- gulation of the Charity was approved, Oflicers appointed, Servants retained, “and the Houfe, then already taken, ordered to be furnifhed, and Patients received. / The Numbers of Patients recommended great- ly increafing, and the Houfe being too fmall to contain them, it was thought abfolutely necefi'ary to enlarge the Hofpital, and, four {mall Houfes, contiguous to the Back of the Hofpital, being ofl'ered, and found to be convenient for the Charity, a Leafe was taken of the faid four . Houfes at the yearly Rent of 501. and the Houfes , 77M Lying-in Hofpz'ta/ in Long—Acre. were repaired, and laid together a ree bl Plan approved by the Conimittee; g a e tod A General Plan of 27a: Hamid; A Prefident perpetual; . Four Vice-Prefidents chofen annually; A Treafurer chofen annually. / Two Phyficians and tWo Surgeons,- praétifirié" , Midwifry, who deliver the Women in difficult Cafes. The faid Gentlemen have likewife agreed to ,. meet at the Hofpital in ConfultatiOn every Tue/day Morning. A Chaplain, who performs Divine Service in the Hofpital, baptizes the Children, churches the Women, and does the necefl'ary Duties be: longing to his F unétion. ' An Apothecary, who prepares fuch Medicines as are prefcribed for the Women or Children.- A Secretary, who keeps the AccOunts of the Hofpital, attends at general Meetings and week: ly Boards, and does all fuch other Bufinefs as is commonly done by Secretaries, Clerks, or Regif—c ters, at other Hofpitals. A Steward who takes Care‘ of the Prov’ifions and Furniture, and does fuch other Bufinefs as belongs to the Office of a Steward. A Matron well {killed in Midwifry, who de-f livers the Women in eafy natural Labour's, takes Care of the Linen, fuperintends the Nurfes, and fees that every thing necefl‘ziry for the W0: men and Children be provided, according to the Direétion of the Phyficians and Surgeons. She has under her an Aflifiant Matron. A general Meeting of the Governors of this Charity is held every (luarter, and the fole Pow: er of making Laws and Rules for the GOVern-i ment of the Hofpital is lodged in the [aid ge- neral Court. A Committee of fifteen Governors are chofen at each quarterly general Court, the T reafurer for the Time being always to be one, any Numa ber of which may tranfaé‘t Bufinefs. They meet at the Hofpital, every Friday in the Forenoon, to receive the Women recommended, and to direflé the ordinary Aficairs of the Houfe. All Officers and Servants of the Hofpital,‘ above the Rank of Aflifi'ant, Matron, Meflenger, or Nurfes, to be eleéted by Ballot, at a general Court of the Governors 5 and, on any Vacancy, the Day of Election for filling it up to be aps pointed at leai’t one Month, and not more than three Months, from the Day fuch Vacancy hapi pens, unlefs directed otherwife, by exprefs Order of a general Court: But the inferior Servants to be appointed by the weekly Committee. _ The Qialification of an annual Governor of this Charity is a Subfcription of three Guineas or upwards per Annum, and of a perpetual Goe- vernor, a Payment at once of thirty Guineas, which intitles the Subfcribers to recommend and have in the Houfe one Woman at a Time. A Subfcription of fix Guineas per 24717111772, or a Pay» ment at once of Sixty, intitles the Stibfcribers‘ to have in the ”Home two Women at a Time, and fo in Proportion for larger Sums. Ladies fubfcribing the like Sums have the Privilege of recommending Women in the fame Manner as Governors, and, by an Order of the quarterly general Court of the 6th of yuly, 1750, they have a Right of Voting, in all Elections at gene- ral Courts for Officers and Servants, by Proxy, provided that fuch Proxy be 'a Governor of this Charity; or they may fend a Letter to the Board without a Proxy, naming the Perfon they vote for, which will be regarded as their Vote. NO GOVernor to be Proxy for more than one Lady at a Time. Benefaétions and Subfcriptionsp {mailer Sums than thofe abOVesmentioned Will We WI; 254 Small Pox be thankfully received, and properly applied to the Ufe of the Charity. Women are received into this Hofpital, on producing a Letter of Recommendation from a Governor, and making an Affidavit of their Marriage and their Huibands Settlement; and, where the Hufband cohabits' with his Wife, it is required that he join in fuch Affidavit, unlefs revented by Sicknefs or forne other reafonable mpediment: And it is alfo required that the Woman produce a TeftimOnial of Honei’ty and Poverty, under the Hands of tWo fubi’tantial ouf‘ekeepers, in the Neighbourhood, where they edge or refide, in cafe the weekly Board Ihall, on Examination, doubt of their being Objeéts of the Charity. During their Continuance in the Hofpital, all Neceflhries are provided for them and their Children, at the fole Charge of the Hofpital. No Money or other Gratuity is to be taken of them by the Nur’fes, or by any of the Officers or Servants of the Houfe, on any Pre— tence whatfoever. ' . V Friday being the Day appointed for the Ad« miflion of Women, they are required to be at the Hofpital by Ten of the Clock in the Fore- noon; no Letters of Recommendation being re— ceived after that Hour, it being necefi'ary for the Difpatch of the Bufinefs of the Hofpital, that fiich Letters fhould be examined and entered by the Secretary before the weekly Board fits, who enter upon Bufinefs at Eleven. N. B. Printed Forms of the Recommendatory Letter are to be had at the Hofpital, and Aflida- vits are prepared at the Hofpital by the Secre- tary gratis. ~ ' fln fleeoantp-of the Women entered on the Li]? for fldnziflon from the 25th of December, I7 52, to the 25th of December, 1753. ~ ‘ Entered on the Lifi, three Hundred and e— leven. , ' Of whom have been delivered and difcharged, two Hundred and eighty-three. Died in the Hofpital after Delivery, Ten. ,. Delivered at home, Eleven. . Difcharged from the Lii’t, not coming in Time, Seven. " In all, three Hundred and eleven. A general fleeoant of Women entered on the Lifl for fldmiflion into this Hofpital, from its fir/t In- ftitation to the 2 5th of December, 17 5 3. ' Entered on the Lift, one Thoufand three Hun- dred and forty-four. Of whom have been delivered in the Hofpital End difcharged, one T houfand two Hundred and ve. Died in the Hofpital after Delivery, Thirty- eight. Difcharged for Irregularity, Eight. ' Delivered at Home, Fifty-one. Difcharged from the Lift, not coming into the Hofpital, F orty-two. In all, one Thoufand three Hundred and for- ty—four. .' Children born in‘ the Hofpital, thirteen Wo- men have had Twins, one Thoufand two Hun- dred and fifty-fix, of whom Sixty-two were fiill born, and Sixty-fix died in the Month. Of the Thirty-eight Women who have died in the Hofpital fince the firi’c Infiitution to the 25th of Deeemher, I753, mofi: of them came in- to the Hofpital, not only under Circumi’tances of Dil’trefs and Poverty, in common with other Patients, but alfo afl‘liéted With dangerous Dif- orders, exclufive of their State of Pregnancy. lib/hital. , V A general Ah/trat? of Receipts and Payments of this Hojpital from the firfl Inflitation in Noyember, «1749, to the 25th of December, 1753. Receipts. - l. s. d. From the firfi I nf’titution to the 25th of Deeemher, 1750 P 920 o 0 From Deeemher 25, 1750, to Deeemher 25, 1751 ,- - — 1069 '3 1;" From Deeemher 25, 1751,to Deeemher 25, I752 — - 796 7 10;. From Deeemher. .25, 1.752, to . . Deeenzher 25, I753 - . - 1360 14 2% -——.—-—— , 4146 5 3 Balance due to the Treafurer Deeemher 25, 1753 - — 136 18 1;; 4283 3 4 e Payments. , l. s. d. From the firi’t Inflitution to the - 25th of Deeemher, I750 - - 853 I 923: From Deeemher 25, 1750, to Deeemher 25, I751 - - 896 13 2g. From Deeemher 25, 1751, to Deeemher 25, 1752. -' - - 1035 15 113, From Deeeniher 25, 1752, to Deeemher 25, 1753 - — — - 1497 12 4g _... 4283 3 4*; The Patients are attended by the following Gentlemen. Dr. Geo. Macaulay, Phyfician; Mr. PVilliam Hunter, Surgeon, Mr. 70hn Torr, Surgeon, and Men—Midwives to the Hofpital 5 Dr. Daniel Cox, confulting Phyfician; Mr. Richard Cecil, Apo— thecary; the Rev. Mr. Stephen Deguthon, Chap- lain. Ofieer: of the Hon e. Mr. Thomas Tew’d, Secretary; Mr. Niehola: Page, Steward; Mrs. Frances Oahes, Matron and Midwife; Mrs. Elifizheth yoner, Aififiant Matron and Midwife. Small Pox Hofpital. An Account of the Rife, Progrefi, and State of the Hofpital, for relieving poor People afiitted with the Small Pox and for Inoculation. " H I S Hofpital‘was inflituted in the Year 1746, fupported by a Sublbription then made by feveral Noblemen, Ladies, and Gen- tlemen, who were defirous that a Charity ufe-. ful in itfelf, and f0 beneficial to the Public, might be begun near this great Metropolis, there not being'any Hofpital of this Kind in Europe. It confii‘cs of three Houfes, at a due Dii’cance from each other, properly furniihed,‘ in an airy Situation; two for the Purpofes of Inoculation, and one for the Patients in the natural Way. The Houfe for preparing the Patients for In-: oculation is in Old Street 5 and that for receiving » them, when the Difeafe appears, in Frog-Lane, Mington. That for the Reception of Patients in the natural Way is in the lower Street, Mington. General Courts are held quarterly; Notice of which is fent to each Governor, as well as publicly advertifed. T wo Prefidents, four Vice-Prefidents, and a Treafurer, are annually eleéted out of the Go- vernors. A Committee of thirteen Governors is chofen V 2 quarterly, who meet once a Fortnight, evgry ' - ri ' Book. I. Chap. XXVI I . firl’t Wednefday in the Month at Rawthmell’s Coffee-Houfe in Heurietta-flreet, Caveat-Garden, and every third lVednefelay at Hamlin’s Coffee~ I—Ioufe in Swithin’s—Alley, near the Royal Ex— change, by Eleven o’Clock in the Forenoon pre- ciiely, to tranfaéi: the Bufinefs of the Holpital; at which Meetings all Governors prefent have a Vote, and their Attendance will be ef’teemed a Favour. A Phyfician, a Surgeon, and a Chaplain, at- tend without Fee or Reward. There are a Secretary, two Apothecaries, a Steward, Matrons and proper Nurfes, £936.“ No Fee, Reward, or Gratuity, to be taken from any Patients, Tradefmen, or otherPerfons, on Account of the Hofpital, on Pain of Expul- fion. The Payment of forty Pounds at one Time confiitutes a Governor for Life, and five Gui- neas per Annum a Governor, during fuch Sub- fcriptions. All fmaller Contributions will be thankfully received. Every Governor has a Vote at all General Courts and Committees, and is intitled to have one Patient in the Houfe at a Time. Ladies have the fame Privilege, and may vote, by Proxies, at all Elections. All Sums are applied to the particular Pur— pofes for which they are given, either to the Pa- tients in the natural Way, or to thofe who are inoculated ; and, where neither of thefe is parti- cularly expreiTed, to the general Fund ; of which Accounts are feparately kept, The Accounts are regularly kept, and always open for Infpeétion. Every Perfon defiitute of Friends, or Money, and labouring under this melancholy Difeafe, is a proper Objeét, being recommended by a Go- vernor, or Subfcriber, who is delired firft to in- quire if there be a Vacancy, to prevent the Dan- ger and Expence of a Difappointment for Want of Room: Patients in the natural Way are re— ceived every Day, and thofe for Inoculation, from the firi’c of Fehruary to the laf’c Day of May, and from the firl‘c of Septemher to the twentieth of Decemher; and there is no Charge attending any Admiflion, except a Depofit of fixteen Shil- lings from thofe in the natural Way, to anfwer the Expences in cafe of Death, or their Removal from the Hofpital. Such Perfons who are inclined to faVour this charitable Defign, are defired to fend their Sub— fcriptions, or Benefactions, to Sir yofeph and Sir {Thomas Han/hey, Bankers in Fenehurch—jtreet ; Mefii Camphell and Bruce, Bankers in the Strand; Ehe- nezer Mufléll, Efq; Treafurer to the Hofpital, at his Houfe at Bethnal-Green; or to the Com- mittee, on every firfi Wednefday in the Month, at Rawthmell’s Cofi'ee-Houfe in Henrietta-fired, Count-Garden, and every third Wednefday in the Month, at Hamlin’s Cofi'ee-Houfe in Swithin’s— Alley, near the Royal Exchange; Or to the Receiver of the faid Hofpital for the Time being; and thofe who chufe to be Benefaétors by their laft 1fill have the following Form recommended to t em : Item, I give and hequeath unto A. B. and C. D. the Sum of upon Trufl, and to the In— tent that they, or one of them, do pay the , fame to the Treafurer or Treafurers, for the Time heing, of a Society, who now call themfl’lnes, T he Goovernors of the Small Pox Hofpital, which [aid Sum of I deflre may he applied towards carrying on the eha~ ritahle Deflgns of the [aid Society. An Account of the Receipts and Difburfe- ments of this Hofpital will be publifhed annu— ally, with the general Account of the Hofpital. Small Pox Hofliital. flu Account of Receipts and Paymenttlhy EbeneZ'Eii Muffell, Efq; Treafurer of the Small-Pox Hofpis tal, from the 25th of March, 1749, to the 25th of March, 1750. .4 general flhflrac‘t of Receipts and Payments, from the fir/t Inflitution of this Hafpz'tal, the 26th of September, 174.6, to the 25th of March, 1750. . Receipts. ‘ 10' S! de To Caih‘ by Sir Samuel Go‘wer, . Knt. Treafurer, from Sept. 26,1746, to March 25, 1747 185 II 0 To ditto by ditto, from March 2‘5, 1747, to March 25, I748 949 7 0 To ditto by Ehenezer Muflll, Efq; Treafurer, from March 25, 1748, to March 25, 1749 411" o 9.3 To ditto by ditto, from March . 25,1749, to March 25, 1750 843 o 1,; W...“ 2388 18 :0; Payments, 1- 3' d. Caih paid by Sir Samuel Gower, , p 1 ' Knt.in‘1746 - e - ' 27 6 0 Ditto by ditto in 1747 '- - 965_ .31. .1. 992 9 0 T t C Brought Monies received. 16 s. d. To Balance of lalt Year’s Ac-_ count---~&‘--72'i7‘21. To Benefaétions in the natural ., Way - - - ~349I2 0 To Benefaétions for Inoculations IO 10 0 To annual Subfcriptions in the natural Way - - '— - - 22515 0 To other Subfcript‘ions in the na- turalWay — ~' - — ; 140 8 To Intereft=Money received for 1001. New South Sea Annu- ities, for half a Year due at‘ Mdfummerlal’t - ‘- 5 '~‘ 2 'o 0 To Caih received for I 00 1. New South Sea Annuities fold - 4 104'. o o 905 2 11;. ~ Monies expended. _ l. s. (1. By Houfe-keeping for Provilié ons, We. 'viz. Butcher, Ba; ker, Brewer, Cheefemonger, Milk, Firing, Candles, Soap, Oil, Grocery, and Confecti- onary - — - — - s '297 2 11;, By Houlhold Furniture and Linen—— - 5353?: By Houfe Rent and Taxes — — '44 o o By Salaries, Wages, and Gratu- 7 ities—-----~-8335 By Stationary-Wares, Printing, and Advertifements - - - 5 a 9 By Difpenfary for Drugs and , , Medicines - 4- - - - 122 5 6;: By petty Expences - .. - - 5 I4- 7 ByRepairs - - a - - a 68 5 6 _ By Burials being the Balance of thatjaccount — — — — — 39 13 7; By Cafh paid for 100 I. New South Sea Annuities fianding in the Treafurer’s Name - - 106 o o . . 824. 13 8?:- By Balance carried to next Year’s Account---«~‘ 8092;- 905 z 11;; £53 17494 Oc7oher 15: Decemher’ 12; ‘7495 May, 5" 256 The Lock Hofpitaltnear HydePark Corner. . l. s. d. Brought over 992 9 o Dittoc by Ehenezer Mcflell, Efq; in 1748 - — 480 12 7 Ditto by ditto in 1749 — — 835 8 I . I 2308 9 8 By Balance - —, — - — - 80 9 2% i .2388 18 to; .————_—_ From the 26th of Septemher, 174.6, to the 25th of [Ware/a, 1750, there have been received into the Houfe for the natural Way fix Hundred and twenty Patients, of which Number the1e hav e been cured, by God’s Blefling, four Hundred and eighty- two, a very great Number confider— ing the Fatality of this Dif’temper , moi’c of thefe were Adults, and many fent to the Hofpital, almoft expiring in the lait Stage of the Difeafe. Thirty— four Perfons have t)been inoculated, none of which have died; feveral of them were Adults -, and it is hoped very {hortly to proceed ‘in the Inoculation of greater Numbers. .4 Llfl of the Governors and Contrz'hutors to the Hofln'tal for relieving poor People afilz'ttea’ with the Small Pox and for Inoculation. His Grace Charles Duke of Marlhorough, the Right Rev. Jfaac Lord Bifhop of ,Woree/ter, Pre- fidents. The Right Hon. Hugh Earl of Northumher- land, the Right Hon. Lord Vifcount Gage, Sir IVz'llz'am Beaubchamp Proctor, Bart. Paul Hum- phrey, Efq; Vice— Prefidents. Ebenezer Muflll, Efq; Treafurer. fln Account of the Proceedings of the Governors of the Lock Hofpital near Hyde Park Corner. VERY Gentleman fubfcribing 5 l. aYear, or upwards, {hall be a Governor of this Hofpital, and whoever gives a Benefaétion of 501. at one Time, a Governor for Life. No GovernOr who Ihall be more than two Years . in Arrear, {hall have any Power or Privilege as l , a Governor, till he has paid his Arrears. 'A Committee of the Governors do meet every Saturday Morning at Ten o’Clock, to admit and difcharge Patients, adjuit the weekly Accounts, receive the Reports of the Vifitors, and examine the Afi'airs of the HOufe , and that no lefs than Five be a Committee. Two of the Contributors are appointed week- 5 1y by the Committee, to examine every Day into , the Behaviour of the Patients and Nurfes, and < make their Report, as it thall appear to thctn, to the next weekly Board. ,. > The Governois are defired to take Notice, I No Patient is to be admitted, but who , brings a Recommendation 111 Writing, figned by a Governor, or One of the weekly Committee, In i the fdlloWing Form 1 Y’o the Governor: of the Lock Hofpital. Gentlemen, I defire you will admit into y0ur Hofpital the ever be received into the I-Ioufe again, on any Recommendation whatibever. V. That no Governor have more than one Patient in the Houfe at a Time, and that a Pre— ference be always given to thofe who fubfcribe the largefl‘ Sums, 1b far as the Cafe of the Patient will admit. VI. That no Nurfe, or any other Perfon who- foever belonging to this Hofpital, do prefume to take any Reward whatfoever from any Patient, either at their Admiflion, Continuance in the Houfe, or Difcharge out of 1t, on Pain of being immediately expelled, by Order of the next week- ly Board. VII. That no Security at the Admiflion of any Patient be required for their Burial; but, when any Patient dies in the Hofpital, he, or the, ihall be buried at the Expence of the Society, the Deceafed. All Perfons who {hall be difpofed to contribute Will and T ef’tament, aie defired to do it in the following Manner: 1 Item, 1 give and hegueath unto A. B. and C. D. the Sum of. upon Tree/t, and to the Intent that they, or one of them, do pay the fame to the Treafurer or Trea/urers, for the 52 z'me heing, of a So- ciety who now call themfil‘ves, T he Governor: of the Lock- Hofpital near Hyde Park Corner, whzch faia’ Sum of I will and clef re may hepaz'a’ out of my perfimal Eflate, ana’ applzecl towards carrying on the charitahle Defgns of the fach Society. N. B. The Variation of this Form of a Le- necelTary on Account of fome late unhappy Mif’takes in Wills, by which feveral confi~ derable Legacies have been loit to other So- cieties and the good Intentions of the Tef— tators have been intirely defeated, becaufe be raifed by Sale, or paid out of Lands, or real Efiates, which is not now permitted by Law. The Contributors are defired to fend thei1 Subfcription to the Treafurer at the weekly Board, held every Saturday Morning 1n the H01- pital; and, in order to fupply the current Ex- pence of the Chality, the Subfcribers are re- quefted to pay their annual Subfcriptions 1n Ad- .vance. N. B. There is a Poor’s Box in the public Hall, for the Reception of fmall Sums, or from fuch as are not willing to have their Names inferted 1n the Lift ot Subfcribers. Erin Ahjtratt of the flecounts from March 10, I 75 2, I. to March 24, I753. Receipts. l. s. d. Balance of the Account to March _ 1°, 1 75 2 - - - - - - I I 8 0;; Received by Subfcriptions from March 10, 1752, to March 24, .1753——- ----40120 Received by fundry Benefaétions 8 18 6 Received more on Account of Bearer ' -' of the Parifh of if 11 Cafe 1 Benefit Plays — - - 12 5 o intitles h to the Charity, being Well allured f Received by a Benefit from 70hn I" is a proper ijeét, and am Rich, Efq, 322 4 o ' 5 2" our humhle Servant. ‘ ’ ' ' I' 6‘. II. That all Recommendations for the Ad- . —--—-—755 -7————: “31330.3 0f Patients are received every Saturday ‘ . Payments. ,1. s. d. Mommg “11 Eleven o’Clock. "i Houfekeeping,Wafl1ing, €9’c. - 380 o 9;, III. Every Patient Is obliged to fubmit to the I Dr s, Medicines, fife. - - - 100. 9 3.; Rules and Orders of the Houfe, or be difcharged ‘ Ren and Taxes - - - ‘ - - 45 I I o for Irregtilarity. ‘ . ‘ " " ————---—--———- IV. ,No Patient difcharged for Irregularity can ' 526 1 1% Brought Book I. unlefs it be otherwife defired by'the Friends of to the Support of this Hofpital, by their laflz' gacy, from that formerly printed, is made' the Sums bequeathed have been ordered to ' 3 . s .1 .wuya-oy--- «4 .. Wm ,W‘ ‘ . -, 1- mnm‘ -c-.,.. N‘ v ..-w..-. 0/ 522072244 \- ., Chap. XXVII. St. George’s -. . 7 .. 'l. s. d. Brought over 1 3 '-' -‘ — - 526 1 I; _- Servants Wages -, - -' - - 7o 18 '0 Tradefmen’s Bills - - - - - 13 15 o Expences of the Theatre - - — . 69 5 6 9 Advertifing, Es’c, - - - _’ - 4. 10 _ l i 684 10 443 Balance upon the Audit. -~ - - — 71 7 2;. 755 I7 6%; .___—...___.._..._ .4 géneral aid/frat? of Receipts and Payments from tbefirfl Erefiz'oa of this HoflJital, ,July 4, 17-46, to March ‘24, 1753. . ’ Receipts. . l. s. d. ‘- Reeeived from the firi’t Infiitu- {ion to Marc/9 24, I753 — 3083 17 6;— Reeeived from Marc/a 10, 1 7 52 , :to Marcia 24, 1753'. - — - - 744 9 6 l A 3828 7 0; Payments.” ‘ i l. s. (1. Paid from the Inl’titution. to .Marcl: 10,1752 - - — 3072 9 . 6 i Paid from Martin 10, 1_752,to 4 Marcb 24,1753 - - - 684 10 4:3 “—7 ”—-""'—" l ' 3756 i9 loaf Balance of the Whole - - — 71 7 2-3 _.————_—_— .—————_————— An‘Account of the Patients under the Care of . p the Hofpital, . ..‘-- Patients difcharged from the Lock Hofpital,‘ from its firi’t receiving Patients, jammy 31, 1746-7, to Marcia '10, 1752, one Thoufand. four Hundred 'and__thi_rty:two. _ ‘ In-Patients”curednfince .Marcb 10, 1752 to. Marc/9 10, 1753, threeI-Iundred and eight. Cured as Out-Patients, Twenty-onei . 7 Difcharged at their own Requefiz, the Houfe difagreeing, Three. ._ . Dead, Four. , _ _ .« Patients in the Houfe Marcia to, 175.3, Forty. Out-Patients upon the Books. to the fame Time, Five. , . , - Total under the Cure of the Hofpjtal, One Thoufand eight Hundred and thirty-one.- US" Amongfi the above unliappyObjeéts were feve— ral married Women, Children, and Infants, many of whom were admitted by the weekly Committee, without any Recommendation, almol’t naked, \_ pennylefs, and I’tarving. ' . . . Itis tobe hoped that the above Account of the happy Sneeefs of this Charity will be greatly fa— tisfaétory to the feveral ContributOrs, and that the great Ufefulnefs. of it will become obvrous to every humane, well-difpofed Perfon, and c_on-‘ {equently that they may be induced to fubfcribe, as few People can be deterredfrom f0 charitable an Aét; when any Sum, not lefs than one Gumea per flaaam, isacceptable., _ . As-upwardbf .fixty Children, Erom two to ten or tWelve Years old, have become Patients in this Hofpital, from Ways little fufpeéted by the Generality of Mankind, the Governors think it their Duty, out of Regard to little Innocents, to publiih the ,jMotiyes of Wicked People to To vile an Act, and to alIure themof the-Fallacyof it. It is a received Opinion with many of the lower Clafs of Mankind, both Males and Fe- males, that, when infeéted themfelves, if they can procure 9. found Perfon to communicate the Dif— cafe to, they certainly get rid of it. ' And from this Principle the mofl horrid Acts of Barbarity have frequently been committed on vww—yw‘rww—un‘. . a. 4“,”, v U poor' little Infants; though thefe .vi’le Wret'ches' have by Experience been convinced of the Ab- furdity of fuch vulgar Notion, yet this requires. the utmolt Publication to prevent fuch unheard of Cruelty and Inhumanity for the future. '- St. 'George’s Hagoz'tal. fln flavour” of Ilse Proceedings of Ilse Go‘wraarr of St. George’s Hoflaz'tal near Hyde Park Corner, ~from‘iz‘: .fir/i Inflz'tatz'oa, ’Oe‘tober 19, 173.3, to December 26, 1753. , By Order of the General Board, Friday the 15th ' of- February, 1754. T H E Governors of St. George’s Hof‘pital think themfelves obliged, in Jui’tice to their, Subfcribers and Benefactors, to publifh an Abfiraé‘t of their Accounts to the Twenty-fixth Day of Decemaer lal’t inclufive, together with a fhort State of their Proceedings, that the Public may judge of the Application of their Bounty, and the extenfive good Confequence of it. This Undertaking was fet on Foot, foon after . Mcbaelmas 1733, by fome Gentlemen who were ‘ before concerned in a Charity of the like kind, in the lower Part of Wtflmz’afler. They judged this Houfe convenient for their Purpofe on Ac- countof its Air, Situation, and Nearnefs to Town, procured a Leafe of it, and opened a Subfcrip-‘ tion for carrying on the Charity here. The Sub- , fcription incr‘ealed f0 fafli, that on the 19th of Oflober they were formed into a regular Society, 4 and "actually began to receive Patients on the 1H: of yanuary following. . ' To thefe Purpofes here are admitted all fuch Poor, Sick, and Lame, beingrecommended ac- cording to the Rules following, as the Hoipital will contain. They are fuppiied with Advice, :Medicine, Diet, Wafhing, Lodging, and fome of “the Miferable with Cloaths alfo. The Phyll- cians vifit their Patients on Monday; and Fridays, and on all intermediate Days, whenever Gccafion requires ; and the Surgeons every Day : And on every. Friday Morning there is a general ConfuL . ration of all the Phyficians and Surgeons. No ‘ Security for their Burial is required,‘nor any Money, Gift, or Reward, taken of them or their Friends, on any Account whatlbevei‘. Thole who diehif their Friends are unable, are buried at the Charge of the Society. And the Money, collected in the Poor’s Box at the Door, is kept as a fepa- rate Fund for furnilhing thofe with fome little Sum of Money, whofe Diitance from their Habitati— en‘s, Or other particular Neceflities, require it. The Apothecaries, who are Governors, are appointed to attend by Rotation as Vifitors, to fee that the Apothecary of the I-Ioufe takes due Care of therMedicines and Patients. Two Vili— torsare chofen every Week out of the Subfcribers, to attend. daily, and take Care, by examining of the'Provifion and-Patients, that the Orders of the Soeiety are puné‘cually obferved, that the Pa- tients are treated in every Thing with Order and T endernefs, and to make a Report in Writing of their Obfe‘rvation’s. Prayers are read daily to the Patients. A Ser— mon is preached every Sunday, the Communion is ‘adminif’tered, every Month, and the Chaplain attends at other Times to catechize, and to per- form other religious Offices, as often as their Cafes require -, and, when the Patients are dif- charged, religious Traéts are given to each of them for their farther Edification. A Board of Governors meet every lVedmzfa’ay Morning, to do the current Bulinefs of the Hof- pital, to receive and examine the Reports of the Vifitors, to difcharge and admit Patients, to re- ceive the Complaints and Propofals of all Per— fons, and to prepare fuch Matters as are proper 2 ,, , or iii-S7 258 St. George’s Hojzbitali for the Confideration of general Boards. A ge- neral Board of the Governors meet regularly five Times a Year. The Governors are in Number upwards of three Hundred. No Perfon receiving 'S_alary, Fee, or Reward, from the Hoipital, is capable of being a Governor: But every other Gentle— man fubfcribing five Pounds a Year or'upwards, or giving one Benefaétion of fifty Pounds, al- though he be not an annual Subfcriber, is there- upon put in Nomination to be a Governor, and at the firl’t general Court, which is held one ' .Month afterwards, is accordingly balloted for by the Governors. The Contributors are defired to fend their Subfcriptions to the Treafurers at the weekly Board, held every Wednefday Morning in the Hofpital. And, in order to fupply the current Expence of this Charity, the Subfcribers are re- quef’ted to continue to pay their yearly Subfcrip- ti0ns in Advance. The Treafurers are Lieut. Col. yafi’pb Had/on and Mr. Riebara’ flfpinwal]. All Contributors are defired to take Notice, I. That no Perfon is to be admitted a Patient, except in Cafes of Accidents, without a Note from a Governor or Contributor fpecifying the Name and Place of Abode of fuch Patient, and that he or {he is a proper Object of this Charity. . 11. That all Recommendations are to be deli— vered every Wednefday Morning, by Nine of the Clock. III. That, in cafe any Out-Patients Ihall neg— lect Coming for two Weeks fucceflively on the Day and Hour they are ordered to attend, fuch Out-Patients {hall be difcharged for Irregularity, except they have had Leave from their Phyfician. ‘ IV. No Perfon difcharged for Irregularity is to be ever again admitted into the Hofpital, upon any Recommendation whatfoever. V. That no Patient is to be fufl’ered to go out of the Hofpital without Leave in Writing; and that, to avoid Offence, no Leave is to be given to any Patient to go into St. 7amer’s Park, or the Green Park, called Conflitutz'on-Hz‘ll, upon any Pre- tencc whatfoever. VI. That no Governor, Oflicer, or Servant, mull: at any Time prefume, on Pain of Expul- fion, to take of any Tradefman, Patient, or other Perfon, any Fee, Reward, or Gratification of any kind, directly or indirectly, for any Ser- vice done, or to be done, on Account of this Hofpital. VII. That no Perfon, fubfcribing lefs than two Guineas a Year, be permitted to recommend more than two In-Patients in the Year. VIII. And that, when there is not Room for all the Patients recommended at one Time to be received into the Hofpital, thofe are taken in, whofe Admifiion the Board are of Opinion will molt effectually anfwer the End of the Charity: And the tell, if proper Objeé‘ts, are admitted Out-Patients, till there is Room for them in the Hofpital. N. 8. That moi’t confumptive and afihmatic Cafes are more capable of Relief, as Out-Patii ents, than as In-Patients. Andeeonnt of tbe Patients for tbe 2" ear 17 53. Patients difcharged from St. George’s Hofpital, fince its firf’t Receiving of Patients on the firi’c of - 7ann‘ary, 17 3 3, to the 27th of December, 17 52, fixty Thoufand one Hundred and eighty-eight. Patients in the Houfe the 27th of December, 1752, two Hundred and feventy-three. Out-Patients on the Books at the fame Time, fix Hundred and forty-five. .. f In all, Sixty-one Thoufand one Hundred and 1x. . . 2 Cured in the Year 175 3, three Thoufand and feventy-three. Out-Patients difcharged, who have not at- tended to return Thanks, though many of them are known to be cured, fix Hundred and nine- ty—feven. . In-Patients dead, one Hundred and fixty—feven. Difcharged for Irregularity, or at their own Requef’t, Forty-three. Incurable, T wenty-feven. Patients who, having received fome Benefit, were difcharged, becaufe their Cafes feemed in— capable of further Relief, Seventy. Difcharged as improper Objects, Nineteen. Patients in the Houfe the 26th of December, be— ing the laft Day of taking in Patients this Year, two Hundred and feventy. , Out-Patients on the Books at the fame Time, five Hundred and thirty. Under the Cure of the Hofpital this Year, four Thoufand eight Hundred and ninety-fix. Total, Sixty—fix Thoufand and two. N. B. In the above Number are included two Hundred and eighty-five Perfons this Year taken into the Hofpital, becoming Objects of the Cha- rity by great Accidents, molt of them without any Recommendation. ' An Abfirae‘? of tbe Account for ibe 2" ear I 7 5 3. Receipts, 'vz'z. . I. s. d. Balance of the Account to the 27th of December, 1752, inclu- five — — - - - - - - 239 10 I Received in Subfcriptions in the Year 1753 - - - - - 2863 6 9 Received in Benefaé‘tions in the Year 1753, viz. from Sir 70b}; - Frederic, Bart. - - — - r 100 o 0 Mrs. Anne Pigott - - - - - 100 o 0 Mrs. Snfan Brown - - — - - 5o 0 0 Mrs. Olive Sbarp ~ - - - - 5o 0 o A Perfon defiring to be unknown by a Bank Note inclofed in 2 Pa— per, marked S. B. - - — - 400 o 0 Hon. Mrs. Greville and Mrs. Hop- kins - - - - - - - - 3 3 0 Received in Legacies in the Year 17 5 3, ‘vz'z. from Cbarles Harell, Efq; two Years - - — - 10 IO 0 Sebajfian Smytbe, Efq; by the Rev. Mr. Forfler - - - - -‘ -, 20 o 0 Mrs. Mary Crowley - - - - 100 o 0 Mrs. Mary Evan: - - - - - 200 o 0 Mrs. Mary Radge - - - - — 200 o 0 701m Wire/bate), Efq; - - - - 50 0 0 Mr. Riebard Mlliamr - - - - 5o 0 0 George Sawyer, Efq; - - - - 100 'o 0 Mr. 701m Mallory — - - -‘ IOO ' o 0 Mrs. Sarab Dennis, two Years - - IO 0 o The Countefs of Egmont, one Year 5 5 0 Received one Year’s Rent of a Hou-fe in Bond-flreet and of the Houfe and Ground at Brampton 108 6 0 Received Interef’t upon Eafl-India _ Annuities - - - - ~ 35 - 286 17 6 5046 18 4. Payments, 052. I. s. d. Houfekeeping, Wall-ting, Es’e. - 200 18 It Drugs and Medicines - - - - 889 7 0 Part of Houfe Rent - - - - 18 IO 9 Wages and Gratuities to the Apo- thecary, Clerk, Matron, Mefl‘en- ger,Nurfes, and menial Servants 484. 4 6 Burying the Dead ~ 1 3, ._ . 55 18 6 3448 I9 8 Brought Book I. Chap, ’XXVII. ' ' l.’ S. d. Brought over '- -= —' é - 3448 19 8‘ Tradefmen’s Bills for -Furniture, ' » Books, Printing; Cloathing for the Patients, fife. - ‘ - i .' 297 13 9 Tradefmen’s Bills forRepairs - 43 5 o Tothe Purchafe, Premium, and In~ ' - teref’t upon nine Eafl-Inde‘a Bonds 965 ' 3 10' Expences in Chancery towards ob- taining Orders of Court relating to feveral Legacies ~ - - - 43 o o ’ ‘ , 4798 2 3 «Balance at the Audit of the Year’s - , ‘ Account to the 26th of December, . 175.3,, inclufiVe, in the Hands 'of‘ Mr; 'flndrefw Drummxona’ and , ‘Co. Bankers - ‘ = , -‘ - 24S .16 I 5046 18 4 ~— mun—ob“— - Befidesthe above Balance, the Seciety have in their Pofl'eflion thirteen India Bonds of 1001. each, and. the Property of ‘3000 1. India Annu— ities. . N.:B.‘ Since the clofing the above AcCount, Sir 7am Frederic, Bart. has given to this Cha- rity a Benefa&ion of a 1001.. An Account of the Middlefex Hofpz'tal, for the Re- ception of Sick and Latne, and for Lying-in ~Mar- ried Women, in Windmill—Street, Tottenham- V COurt' Road. ‘ - . ~ 3 _ , HTS Hofpital confifts of two convenient T Houfes adjoining to each other, in an airy .Situation. It was firfi ini’tituted in Augafl, 1745, for the Relief of. Sick 'and Lame; and in 7aly, 174.7, .an additional Provifion was made for the Reception of Lying-in Married Women; «- 4 The ‘Qialification of a Governor of this Cha— rity, ”is an, annual --Subfcription of three Guineas; which, alfo, intitles the Subferiber to-reCommend, and have in the Houfe, ’at one Time, either one fick or lame Patient, .or one Lying-in Woman, and Out-Patients. ‘ _ - ' , A Subfcription of five Guineas per Annam in~ titles the Subfcriber to recommend one fick or lame In—Patient, Out—Patients, and one Lying-in Woman. ‘ , . A Subfcription of thirty Guineas, at one. Pay— ment, confiitutes the Subfcriber 3. Governor for Life, with the lai’t mentioned Privileges. . Contributions of rlefl‘er Sums than three Gui- neas per Annam are thankfully received, and in— title the Contributors to recommend one fick or ~lame In-Patient, and one Out—Patient, at the fame Time.’ ' ' ' A 'COmfiiittee of the Governors, ap ointed Qiarterly,.‘rneet at the Hofpital every 'aefday, at One of! the Clock, .to receive and difcharge Patients, and to 'tranfaét other 'riecefl‘ary B‘ufinefs "of the'l-Ioufe; where. every GOVernor,’. though not of~the'iCommittee-;has a Right. robe prefent, and his Attendance ?is received as a Favour. ,A Report of their Prbceedi'ngsiis made to ’the Gene- ral Court held every (Lu-arter, where the Refolu- tions 9f.thi§.».Committ’ee,are approved or rejeet‘ed. The Phyiicians vifit the Patients everyfuefday, Tbarfa’ay, and Saturday, and on intermediate Days, when particular Cafes require it. The Surgeons attend every Day, , ,_ :. Patients are admitted on a Letter of Recom- mendation from a Governor or ' Contributor, ,Who mayz’recommend.Ithatients, and'haveOut- Patients upon the Books, according, to the Re— gulations abovementio'ned. And, when In-Pati- ents are recommended, and there is notRoorn in . the Houfe to receivethem, they are put on the \bode, to the Weekly Committee, .‘Middlefeit. fkfiot’ta/a ‘ Lifli to be admitted on. the fira‘vai’c‘afiéy; éfiif‘ih the mean Tithe, are prefcrib'ed for as Out; 2%; ”‘3' N0 Security is, requiredfor‘ Burial: ‘, fan Accidents are admitted Without Recommendati« ' on. ‘fttcfa’ay being the Day appointed for‘the Ad: miflion of Patients, they are expected to beat the Hofpitaln. with V, their Recommendations, at Twelve oi the Clock. The «Phyficians and Surl' geons ,. meet (every . Saturday at .Twelve of the Clock, at the ‘Ho‘fpital, where‘they give 1 Advice gratis, to-al‘l :f‘uch difeafed Poonwho {hall come, though unreeommended, and require it. 7 Beds, appointed for the Reception of Lying—in omen, are on a feparate Floor from the Ward} ufed for Sick and Lame. ‘ And, that Ladies may conveniently vifit the Lying—in Patients, without being incommoded with theySick and Lame, there ’ are dil’tinét Stair—Cafes leading to the 'feparate’ Wards ; the Lying—in Ward having no Coffimfii niCation with thofe of the Sick of Lame.- Mar“- ried Women only are admitted,_- in the lafl ’Montli of their Pregnancy, after they have been/examirri ed by the Weekly Board,- and- on producing" an Affidavit, made before a Jufiice of the Peace, of the Time and Place of their Marriage, and of the Settlement of the Hufband, with the Manner the faid Settlement was obtained,- whether by Birth, - Servitude, or otherwif‘e‘ ; and, that this ufeful Branch of’the Charity,— the Midwiferyi Ward, may be made > every Way beneficial, and not liable to any/Objection, no Pupils will be? admitted, the Who'le'being under the Direction of Dr.-Bradenell Exen, a Phyfician and Man—Midi wife. ' ‘ z " _ -. The Governors, in order the mere to extend the Benefit of the Charity, having increafed the Number of theBeds in the Lying-in 'Ward, no Woman whatfoever, who has been able'to prove her Marriage, and her Huiband’s Settlement, f0 as to avoid burthening the Parilh wherein the Hofpital fiands, has been refufed Admittance. The Number of Beds, at prefent, are 44. Sick and lame In-Patients - 16 F Lying—in Married Women -, - 16 or Accidents - - ' - - ‘ 4.- Servants - t - a. q 7 g 44 The Servants oi' thé‘Houfe tare forbid to take any Gratuity of the Patients, ontheirfriends, on- any Pretence ,whatfoeverzuon Pai‘nwofh Expulfion. The Patients of this Hofpital area'ttended, with- OUt Fee or Reward, by the followmg Gentlemen r Phyficians. Dr. Charles Morten, ‘Leieefler-S‘Quafl. “ _ Dr. Henry Hinktey, King-:Street, 'Gnildball. . Mans-Midwife; _ , ‘ Dr. Bradenellfixton, Eritla¢18freet, Sober ‘ , t SW ”is. g i" , . . x ’ 'Pénnel Hawkins, Efq; Surgeon to his Royai ‘Highnefs the Prince of Wales; Naflaw-Street; St. Ann’s. . . ’ 'Mr. William faring, Sebannare: -Mr. Henry Watfon, Great Marinarangn— Street. Mr. IfaaeMz’nors,’ Warwick—Conn, Ho/aorn. . Such Perfons who are inclined to favour this- charitable Defign, are defired to fend their Sub- feriptions; with their. Names and Places 0f.A* at the Hofplta], on ‘fuefdaysa or to- Mr. 701m Horne, Treafurer, in Market—Street, near. Newport-Market; where proper Receipts will be given. . .. . Subfcriptions and Benetafttons are likeWi-le ta» u u ken ‘ 9-2560 ngen in atMefli'Honevaood and Faller’s, Bankers, .,il§»,3i?rbin-Lagte, “and atAMr, Giflingbam Cooper’s, flanker, in the Straw. Thole who aredifpofedito be Benefactors by their 121?: Will,,have the/following F orm of a Le- gacy recommendedto them ;, p ,1 , . _ , 3Item,~ -Give and bequeath untofifl. B. and C. Di . the Sum of uponiTruft'; and to 1th: 'Intentethat- they, .or one of them, do pay‘the Lfame to the Treafurer or Treafurers, for the Time «being, of a SOCiety, who noweal-l themfeives, The Governor: of the Middlefex Hofiital, for the {Retention of Sick aiza' Lam, and for Lying-in Mar—z riedWmen ; Which faid Sum of I defire may be? applied towards carrying on the charita- , ibi'e-DeIigns of i'tiiefaid Society. ' .1 “The‘Succefs, this‘Charity has rrrietjwitrhwhathé encouraged the Governors to open a Subfcription . for building an Houfe for the Reception of the numerous Poor, .Sick, and Lame, ”as well as for, Lying—in Married Women -, for which Purpofe, upwards of fix Hundred Pounds have been lately T fubfcribed: And, as» the Charity is able to re—; lieve a much greater Number of Poor,.if accom- 3 modatedwith a large ,Edifice, which they have; wellggrounded'Expe6tations to obtain, the G0- gernors, in Hopes this laudable Defign will con- 5 tinue to meet with the Favour and Countenan‘ce ; 9f the Public, have opened Books for the Recep- tion of the generous Subfcriptions of the Benevo— lent, at the abovementioned‘Mefl‘. Honeywood and Eat/67’s, and Mr, Cooperis, Bankers, and, at Mr. ffolm Home’s, the Treafurer, and at the Weekly Committee, atthe Hofp‘ital, every Tuefa’ay. ' Zn flecourzt of tloe Patients admitted from the fir/t , . flytitutiqrt (oft/oi: Hofpital in Auguit, 1745, to , _. the gotla oprril, I752. ‘~ Sick and Ira—Patients .. - 3829‘ ' Lame ‘ Out-Patients + - 3 366 fi _ ‘- 4195 ~Lying—in VVbn‘ien -‘-‘--- --- ‘ 3.89 , oprril, 1753. , g i .tidmittea’ from the gotbof April, 1752, to tbe 30th . In-Patients —-—— 1 58. g .qucd”: ., ~ - ~—-.~:11': ‘ 'Difcharged'fo'r Irregularity —- 2 - " .I‘ncurable ' ‘ H——-— p y——- ---— 1 ; "Died ‘ . . _——. 26 : 7‘ ‘In the Heufe under Cure -———— 18 ; 1 5 8 Out-Patients —-—-—- 1088. . Whereof haVere'turned Thanks as cured 707 Of fuch Who have not returned Thanks, though moftp'ofthemrdm0wn to be cured "". , .---—- J72 Incur‘able‘ “ -——- I 4 On the BOOkS . pry—uh— —-—- 205 7,, V » .1'1088 Lying—in Women — 191. . . ._ Delivered, whereof two had Twins .1 67 .‘Never'came in —-—- ........ -- , 1 1 in the Houfe’Tnbt delivered ._'.-... ‘ . 4 T 9, come in, when «they think proper 1 9 ." .; - . ' 191 . - . Total admitted. ‘ ' Sick and. * In-Patients ~— -- . 987 Lame Out—Patients -- - “4454 “5441 l Lying-in Women —--- 580 Delivered, whereof five had Twins 52.1 Difcharged for Irregularity ....I... -‘6 In the Houfe not delivered . _ 4, Never came in _ 26 To come in, when they think proper , Delivered in the Hofpital after the 30th. of April, I 752, received by the Board C before that Time I 14. .580 An floflraoi' of the Account of tlai: [Jo/pita}, from the gotb of April, I 7 '52, to' theigotb qfprril',‘1753. Receipts, Sec. l. s. ‘ d. Balance of the Iait Account -- I74 5 i105; ReCeived in Subfc'riptions' ’—- 467’ 7 6 Legacies. Received of the Exchtors of the late Edward Patter/072, Efq; 500 '0 ' 0 Received of the Executors of Mrs. Peebeloet 10 o o. Benefafiiom, viz. Lady Betty Germain --‘-- ——- '21 ‘ o .0 From a l’erfon unknown —- 3 I 2 'o Colleé‘ted at St; Ann’s Church, 11- V , pril 5, 1753 — —— 10 1 ' Ditto, . after Dinner -— 73 g 2. Sent afterWards to the Treafurer 1 3 6 Received Half a Year’s Dividend of 400 l. at Cori/two: — 6 o o Poor’s Box —- —- —— 9 19 1112 1380 14 1 Payments, &c.. ‘ _ . . I. s. d. ‘ Houfe-keeping, Wailing, £396.. 442. 13 2 Drugs, Medicines, £596. 91 o 7 Houfe-Rent and Taxes --e 3 5 . .3 0 Wages and Gratuities to the Secre- cretary, Apothecary, Matron, Mefl‘enger, Nurfes, menial Ser- vants, Es’c. ' -— 82 4 5 Houfhold Furnitureand Linen; . 57 .8 2 Books, Stationary-ware, and Print- 1‘ ing. _ «3—— , —- — 55 1,8 9. ‘ Workmen’s Bills for Repairs 18 5 I Charge ofthe Mufic at the anni- verfary Sermon, ,Aprz'l 5,1753 47 >12 0 , Burying the Dead -—-——-—- 10 6 6 Laid out'inpurchafing 400.31. 3 per Cent, Bank Annuities -—.~ 423 10 o . eBalanee:;1n;Hand —-_————- 1 16 1 2 5 1380 14’ 1 . N. B. There are 4001. ;3 per Cent. Bank An» 'nuities, as appears by the above Account. Note.- zsince the making up of this Account, a ,Benéfaétion of ‘aool.,hath beenreceived by Mr. 701:» Horne, .Treafurer to this Hofpital. The Right, Hon, the ,Earl of ,Nortlmmizerlamt, a : ' .Prefident- -. The Right Hon. Lord Vifcount Treatbam, Sir Mllz'am-Beaucbamp Profler, Bart. Sir KenriclarCZaytotz,»Bart. . _. ‘ The Ho‘nr‘Col. Cornwallis, 4 Vice-Prefidents-. flit Artatmt of the Rije, Progrefi, and State of tire .Lonmn'Hofpital, or Infirmary, in Prefect-Street, Goodman’séFields, firpported by the charitable and voluntary Contributions, for the Relief of all flele and difi’afid Per/om, and, in particular, Ma- nufaflurerx, Seamen in Merchant: Service, grid 1 err 13wa I} 14?”? ’u 7‘; , 1.3;; W .mgaéat . a flu?" ,. 1:: jaw llml"IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII if llIIlMIHIIlIIIIllIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII IIIIIII LIIIIIIIII‘I I’ [I'IIH‘EI I’ III” I _ IIIIIIIIllIIIll|l|llII|||IIl|Il"=_-=_JIIIIIIIIIIII|IIIHIIIIIIIIIIllll C W 7' IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII‘_:'__"‘||||||I|||||IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII ; W I H W :III :4; I III I IIIW .lyvum HIIIIIHHIIIIIIHIIILII" III IIIIIIIIII III I I II II III II III ___/. 1m . 12 z ’y/mf—T/ /1w.1122 1/1 / 1’1w' ( WWI/u Chap. 'XXVII: . i London their Wives and Children, from the fir/i Inflitu- — rim or the 3d of November, 1740, 1‘0 the 1/} of January, 1754.. \ HIS Hofpital confifis'of fear Houfes, pro- perly fitted up, with one Hundred and thir- ty-Iix Beds, for the Reception of Patients. And, in order to_ extend and perpetuate this Charity, the Governors- have contradted for a Piece of Ground, whereupon they have erected a larger .and_more commodious Building, to which feve- ral have already contributed. The Society forcarrying on this laudable Un- dertaking confii’ts of a Prefident, two Vice-Pre- fident‘s, and a Treafurer, annually elefted out of the mofl: confiderable Benefactors» to this Charity, and Of-{uch Perfons, who, by giving ‘a BenefaCA tion of :thirty Guineas, or more, at one Time, become Governors for Life -, and thofe who fub- {cribe five LGuineas, or more, a Year, Governors during fuch Subfcription. A General Court of Governors is held .in the lVlonths of March, yum, September, and Decem- ber, to take the Report of the Committee, elect a Houfe Committee for the enfuing Qiarter, in— ;[peét Accounts, and tranfaét fuch other Bufincfs as may then be laid before them. The anniver- fary Feai’t of this Charity is held between the firIt-of Fedruary and the laft .Day of flpril -, when a printed Account of the general State of the Hof— pital, the Number of Patients received and dif- charged, and an Abi’traét of the Accounts for the Xear pai’t, is laid before them. A Houfe Committee of thirteen Governors is appointed at eVery General Qiarterly Court, who, at their‘firit Meeting, elect a Chairman to pre— fide for the Qiarter. Four of the Committee take the'firi’c Month, four the next, and four the 1211‘: Month of the {aid Quarter. . ‘ ThefeMeetings-are at the :Hofpital, ontTuey'days weekly, at Eleven in the Forenoon, to receive and difmifs Patients, to order and infpeé‘t the Proviiions and Furniture fent in, and fuch Necef- faries that may be wanting, and to examine and regulate the Conduét of the Servants and Pati— ents, and other Matters which come before them, according to the Conflitution of this Charity. All Governors that pleafe to attend, have a Vote at - this Committee, and their Attendance will be efieemed a Favour. * A Committee of Accounts, confii’ting of twelve Governors, is appointed at the General ‘Qparter— ly Court in firm, for one Year, who meet .at .the Hofpital once a Quarter, to examine and audit Tradefmen’s Bills, which are paid by the Treafu- rer within a Fortnight after. ‘The Accounts are open at all Times for the Infpeétion of the Go- vernors. _ A Phyfical Committee, confi'fting of twelve Governors, is appointed at a General Qparterly Court, wt of the Phyficians, Surgeons, and .A- pgthecaries of this Hofp‘ital, who meet once a curb, otdftenen-toexamine the Medicines and Drugs brought into the Difpenfatory, andnone are fquered to be ufed without their Approbation. TWO Governors are appointed Vilitors by the Houfe Committee, for one Fortnight, to attend twice a Week, 0r oftener, if they think .pmper, to infpeé‘t into the Management and ConduEt of the Houfe, during the Interval of the .Meetings Of the Houfe Committee. . Three .Phyficians attend alternately, two of the Surgeons daily, from Eleven o’Clock till One, without Fee or Reward, and [give their Ad- vice and Afiif’tance .to all fuch Objects as come within thofe Hours, whether recommended or accidental. A Surgeon extraordinary attends in Confultationin all dangerous Cafes. The Sur— geons, in Waiting, have an Apprentice, or Pu» 2 Habitat necefl‘a-ry, mean the Surgeon to fuch Accidents as ihall be broughtin at any Hour of the Day or' Night; ' ' I < " An Apothecary, 'Withati Amflant, coh'itahtly refides at the Hofpital, TWhOfCIDmpOUndS and difi- penfes all Medicinesufed there, and folelyvatte’nds the Bufinefs- thereof. . x T a - . -’ -' A Clergyman of the Church of Ehgiaml reads Prayers, and vifits ,fuch Patients [in their Wards as def-ire his Attendance, and performs the other Duties of his F unétion at the Hofpital, Without any other Gratuity, than what pays his Expentes; A Steward, for whofe Fidelity «proper Securil ty lS given, has the Charge of the Home and brought to, or eXpended in the Houfe, aiid fub-’ Jeéts the fame'to'the Examination of the Vifitors and Houfe Committee, and :has the Infp’eétion‘ likewife of the Conduct of all'the MenvServ'ants.’ Two Matrons have the Direétion of the Nurfes, and other Women Servants, and feethe Diet and .Medicines adminiftered according to Order; Uni der them are Nurfes .and Watchers in Proportion to the Number of Patients, who are guided by' written Orders, toprevent any .Mifconduct. Pro: per Diet for the Patients has been fettled by the Phyficians and Surgeons engagedin this Charity, and is fixed up in ‘tjhe Wards for the Satisfaétion- of the Patients and their Friends. Pain of Expulfion, .to take of any Tradefmen', Patients, oriother Perfons, any_’Fee, Reward,or¥ Gratuity of any Kind, directly or indirectly, for, any "Service done or to be done, on Account of this Hofpital. " , Every Governor is intitled to fend one In-Pa- tient at a Time, . and’OutiPatients Without Limi¥ tatioh. Subfcribers of fmaller Sums may likes wife fend what Number of Out—Patients they pleafe. All Subfcriptions are during Pleafureg and any fmall Sums, from well-difpofed Perfon-s, will be thankfully received; but, in order to car- ry on this Undertaking, all Perfons arerdefired to- pay their Subfcription .at the Time of fubfcrié bing. _ The poor Objeéts, recommended as In- Patients, are received at any Hour, without Dif- ficulty or Expence, except in ’Venereal Cafes, and are {upplied with Advice, Medicine, Diet; Wafhing, Lodging, and every comfortable Aflii2 tance during their Cure 5 nor is any Security re- quired againi’t future'Contingencies, they being, in Cafe of Death, buried at the Expence of the Charity, if not removed by their Friends. All Out-Patients have Advice and Medicines admi- nii’tered from Eleven till One. All Accidents, whether recommended or not, are received at any Hour of the Day or Night. This is the Plan of our Proteedings; and, though this Work has fubfil’ted. but thirteen Years, yet fuch has been the extraOrdinary End couragement givenrq it, that, ‘fince the 3d of No- vember, 1740, moret-han eighty~feven Thoufand two Hundred and twenty-onepdiftreflied Ohjeéts have been relieved :at the LmtdonrHofpital ,; and; the mofi: malignant-Difeafes (and. unhappy Accia dents, have been reinfiateddn their honefl: and indui’t'rious Capacitiesjof working; ; and, fo far as our Obfervation reaches, their Morals much amended, whereby the Public again enjoy the Benefit of their Labour, and they and their poor Families are preferved from .perifhing, and'tipreé vented from beingan Incumbrance to the Corn-i not lefl‘cned-the Number of Patients relieved by other Hofpitals. .The Subfcribers are defired to take Notice, that;f -pil,- cani’tantly in'the Route to‘ ”receive. and iii ' Furniture, keeps an Account of every Thing . No Officers 0r Servants are permitted, upon . from labouring under;the Qppreflion of fom‘e of munity. And,,'notwith£‘canding the great Numa ’ “ber of Objects. relieved by rifle-Charity, it has e6: 262 London H finial if any Patients do not conform to the Rules of the Houfe, or are guilty of any Mifbehaviour, they will be difcharged, and never more relieved by this Charity: And not to fend any Patient un- able to walk, till they are firfc afl'ured of Room in the Houfe 1 And,- when they recommend an In-Patient, whofe Settlement is in the Country, it is further requei’ted,t that they will fatisfy the Houfe Committee concerning the Removal of fuch Patients, when cured, or judged incurable. N0 Perfons, of known Ability, to pay for their Cure, are allowed to partake of this Charity: Nor any with infeé‘tious Difiempers, or deemed inguiable by the Phyficians and Surgeons, or any in. confumptive or afihmatic Condition, are ad— mitted into “the: Houfe, beinglrnore capable of Relief as Out—Patients. . . The Patients, being admitted without any Ex— ' pence, are required to be coniltant in their At- tendance on the Phyficians or Surgeons, at the Hofpital, before Eleven o’Clock; and, at Nine 0 ’Clock, to return Thanks at the Chapel, and at the Weekly Committee next after their Cure ; and thofe only who attend’their Cure, and re— turn Thanks, will receive a Certificate thereof, which will intitle them to future Relief. I112 decount of Receipts and Payment: by Daniel Booth, Efq; Treafurer of tbe London Hofpital, " or Infirmary, from the 1ft Day of January, I 753, to the 1ft Day of January, I 754. To Cafh, Balance of lafi Year’s l. s. d. ’ ' Account for current Service . _ 1 174 2 4 To ditto, colleéted at Church, and Merchant-Taylor: Hall . 2 34 10 8 To ditto, received on Benefaé‘tion . Account —— - —- 718 15 - 0 To Interefl received on fundry ” Stocks, on Account of dztto 466 1:0 0 To Legacy of Robert Sumner, Efq; 100 0 0 To ditto, of Mrs. Lucy Alie 500 to , 0 To ditto, of Robert Thornton, Efq; 20 , o 0 To Governors Subl’criptions 912 12 0 '1 o petty Subfcriptions -—- 26 5 0 To Poor’s Box" ' .-—- -—- 35 2 10 Tb Benefafiions reCeived 011 Build- ‘ "’i‘ng Account —— 2391 15 0 '10 lnterei’t received on 20001. \ Stock on Account of ditto , . 60 _'o 0 To Legacy of Mr. William Gallpin, . , , ' on Account of ditto — . 100 1 0 3 0 To the Trufieesvof the Building! Stock, 20001. of 3 per Cent. »» Annuities . — 1794411935501 To €th gained on Sale of the {aid ‘ 5. " St0ck —- —— -- 286 6 9 p 8820 1'10 ~~Payment5 1. s. d. By Caih for Houfe; keeping, Cs’o. -r :wiz. Butcher, Baker, Brewer, Cheefernonger, Firing, Milk, ‘1 - L..Cand1es, Soap, Oil,-’ DGroc'e’ry, ' ‘ -‘ ‘ and Money-Diet -'-‘- 1657 I7 “7 if By: Houfhold Furniture and Linen 266 19 6 ByHoufe-Rentand Taxes . 1 - i 87 11 8"“ ByzSalaries, Wages, and G’ratuiia. - ‘5‘ ' 1ties '. —-=-m- ‘ 466 .5”,8% By Stationary-ware and Printing 102 '7' “l5 " By petty Expences , -- V 39 6%? a; By Difpeniary and Surgery for , * ' Drugs, {‘30 ' —- - 558 13:" -"1 By Repairs ' -- —- 164 8" ‘6 By Burials -——- -'-—-— 1 25 1390 Feb 27 By Caih paid for 500l. »' .3 per Cent Annuities, on Bene-r- ~3taflion Account -- - 521 17 6 '2 _,;.'.;'..'. .. .3891 0-1-1 l. s. d. Brought over . 1 ~—- 3891 o 1 ' By ditto, paid on Account of the . new Building —- 4339 7 4 By Cafh in the Treafurer’s Hands . on Building Account ~— 29 3- 6 8 By ditto in his Hands on Benefac- tion Account —— 146' 7 ' 9 By Bonds in his Hands on Bene- 1 faétion Account --. 150: 0 o ' ’ . 8820 1 10. .— ‘fruflees on‘Benefaflion Account to tip: London Hof- pital or Infirmary. F otherley Baker, Richard Chifwell, Peter Muil- man, Peter Thomas, and Daniel B00th, j‘nn. Efqrs. . Receipts. . . l. s. d. yon. 1, 1753. To 10001. Eaji- . IndiaStOCk as per laft Year’s Ac- count -— —— —- I770 0 0 To 20001. Bank Stock, as perditto 2585 5 6 To 95001. 3 per Cent. Annuities, v as per ditto —- 9048 1 7 6 To 5001. 3per Cent. Annuities, purchafed this Year, as per the Treafurer’s Account 521 1’7 6 13926 0 6 Payment. .1.“ s. d. 7an. I, 1754. By 130001. asper Contra, carried to the Debe’t of the new Year’s Account I 3926 o 6 Agoneral Abflrat? of Receipts and Payment: from tine fir/i Inflitution of tbe Hofpital, or Infirmary, viz. from the 3d of November, 1740, to tire 1/} of January, 1754. ‘ Receipts. _ l. s. d. Caih received by Fotberley Baker, ' Efq; from Novemb. 3, 1740, to 7an.1, 1741-2 298 I4 6 Ditto, by Thomas Boebom, Efq; from 7an. 1, 1741;— 2, to Adarelz 25, - , I47 3 1139‘ 4 8 Ditto, by Rio/yard Cbifwell, Efq; ' from Maren 2 5, 1 74 3, to [Marco 25, 17214 2285 "4 4 Ditto by ditto, from March 25 . “ 1744, to .Mare/o 2 3, 1745 2360 10‘ 6 Ditto, by yof p12 Fatitlarop, Efq; from Marib 2 5, I 745, to March \ 6, 1745 5-6‘ 2858 3 2 Ditto, by Peter Dneane, Efq; from Martin 6, 1745- -6, to Marc/o 16, 74 46-7 6028 ~(5'10 Ditto, bzy George 7inningr, Efq; ‘ from Mare/o 16,1746—7, to ‘ Mare/o 17, i747- 8 4118 34930 Ditto, by PeterMnilman,Efq-, from '_ “ f" ' ' Marc/917, 1747- -,8 toMare/o 17,’ " " , ‘ 1748-9 4066 19 0 Ditto, by Daniel Boot/o, ~Efq; from :' , 1 Marc/317, 1748- 9, toMartl717, ’ " ‘. 174950 6301 .4. 4. Ditto by ditto, from March 17, ‘ 174—9 50, to .Mareb 16, 1750-1 5447 5 4 Ditto by ditto, from Mare/o I6, 17‘50-1,t03an. 1,1752 4066 13" 9 Ditto by ditto, from 71112.1, 1752, ‘ '. to 71in. 1, 1753 =— 642212 11 Ditto byditto, from 71172.1; I753, “ ' 1074;; 1,1, 54 ‘—-’ 5851 6, 6 ....—.—o. _{.1.' .' 5124414 8 .Payment:. Chan 1753- . 1754; 7am I . 1753: 7a». 27. March 43 (Elfin? 6; Jpn? 10. April 18 . .XXVII. . p ' ‘ Payments.- . l. s. d. C afhi di'sbuvfed? by»Foth'erley~Baker, ' . Efq; in 1741 —- —- ' 206 5 ~;— Ditto, byTho.Boehm, Efq; in 1742 1146 6 4 Ditto, by Richard Chi/well, Efq; in ' ' a 1743?“: ——'— ——'- ’ 1236 1 2% Ditto by ditto, in 1744 1359 13 6?; Ditto,;'by yofephFawthorp, Efq; in - u . ‘ - 1745' ...... "" "“ 2094- I7 8 Ditto, by Peter Dutane, Efq; in - ., . 174.6 é .‘..., , . ‘ 2668 13 IO Ditto, by George y'inning‘s, Efq; in . ' - ‘ 1747' ‘ ii“ ' l . 3009 7 9 Ditto, .by Peter Mailman, Efq; 1n ' - ' 1748 " - ~—— ' 2300 12 5 Ditto, byDanielBooth,Efq-, in 1749 2877- 6 10 Ditto by ditto, in 1750, » 3063 14 6 Ditto by ditto, in 1751 a 2398 16 0 Ditto by ditto, in 1752 ‘ 3192 I8 2 Ditto by ditto, in 175 3 3360 2 7 28923 16 5 General Balance, 22320 18 3 51.2.44 I4 '8 . *“fl_ Sundry Accounts to the London Hofpz’tal, or Infir{ maiy, for Particulars of the General Balance. Public Securities in the Name of M, Fotherley Baker, Efq; and others, I; ~ 5.- d. in Truf’c for the current Service of the Hofpital -—- 13926, 0 6 Bonds in the Treafurer’s Hands, ' r on Account of ditto —— ‘ 15-0 0 o Calh in the Treafurer’s Hands, on V Account‘of ditto _ —— . 146 7 9 Cafh in the Treafurer’s Hands, on . Account of the new Building 3 2 9 3 6 8 Eftate at White—Chapel Mount, in Truftgon’ the faid Account 800 o 0 New Hofpital, building on the faid. Eltate, colt, to this Time ‘ 7005 3 4 _ 22320 18 3 Payment. 1. s. (1. By Amount, as per Contra, being the. prefent Value of the Hofpi- tal 'Eflate ,22320 18 3 Extraordinary Benefaitions received from Governors, included in the ghetto flccount. ‘ Hen Norris, Efq; of Hackney, to ' ' l.’ s. d. Building Account ‘ —— ' 30 o 0 Bryan Benfon, Efq; to Benefaétion, '. ' ‘ Account, ——'-_, —— ' , _ 10 10 0 Richard Warner, Efq; to ditto 5 5 0 john Gore, Efq;' i Yiee-Prefident, _ toditto 50 0 0 Ditto to Building Account “50 o 4 0 Robert Warner, Efq‘; to ditto ‘ :42 0 o 'f7ohn Hopkins, Efq; to ditto , _ 40 o o yofeph Salvador, Efq; to ditto 20 0 .0 Francis Crai/teyn, Efqito ditto . 52 10 0 Mr. 70hn Ellicoti, to ditto 5 5 o Mifs Mary Newman, to ’ditto ‘ '50 0 0 ‘ Bartholomew Wood, Efq; to ditto ' 100 0 0 Peter Bigot, Efq', to ditto ' 30 o o PVilliam Bridgen, Efq; to ditto 20 0 o Rohert Wajtfield, Efq; to ditto" . 10 10 0 Alexander Macrahie,.Efq-, to ditto 2-0 0 0 Mr. David de la Vau, to ditto 10 10 o 7ames Neave, Efq; to ditto 20 0 0 Peter Defchamps, Efq; to! ditto 10 IO 0 Mrs. Lucy fllie, to’Benefaé‘ti‘on Ac- count , ~— ’ - — 5 5 o _ .1 582 5., o Niim. XXIII‘.’ " ' The F oundling Ho/Ihital. 3 1 . . 1. s. d; Brought Over -'----- -'--‘- 582 5 o (Bartholomew Bray, Efq; to Build: . < . - ing Account -— 10 o 0 592 5 0 Be'nefattions received from Per/ins unhnbwn, inclu- ded‘ in the (thaw Account. —— An Account of the Patients-that have hem, and now are, under the Care of the London Hofintal, or Infirmary, from the Fir/t of January, 17 5 3, to j the Fir/t of January, 1754, Patients received into the Houfe 1185 Out—Patients —- --—- 941 9 _ 10604 N. B. Out of the abOVe, were Cafualties ‘_ of F raétures, Dillocations, Scalds, and Wounds, received into the Houfe with- : out any Recommendation —- 332 ' Befides a great many who have been advifed and relieved, not entered on the Books. In-Patients difchar'ged cured -—'- 78 r Incurable -— ~— 8 RelieVed —- .-_.. 1 04: Died -- —- Difcharged for Misbehaviour 3 6 Out—Patients cured and difcharged 691 1‘ Relieved, Misbehaviour, or incurable 903 Patients now in the Houfe as 129' Out-Patients now on the Books -- 1605 A 10604 Under the Care of this Ho/jtital. From Nov. 3, 1740, to May 12, 1742 2315 From May 12, 174.2, to Mar. 25, 1743 2702 From Mar. 25, 1743, toMar. 25, 1744 4188 From Mar. 25, 1744., to Mar. 6, 1745 5730 From Mar. 25,1745, to Mar. 25, 1745-6 \ 5906 From Mar. 6, 1745-6, toMar. 1 6, 1 746-7 63 6o FromMar. 16, 1 74677, toMar.1 6, 1747-8 7298 From Mar. 1 7, 1 747—8,t0Mar. 1 7, 1 748-9 8060 FromMar.17, 1748-9,toMa‘r. 17, 1749-50 8635 FromMar. 17,1 749-50,t0Mar. 16, 1750-1 8947 FromMar.16,175o—1,toDec. 31,1751 7181 Fromfi’an. I, 1752, to yon. 1, 1753 9295 From7an. 1, 1753, to :‘fan. 1, 1754 10604. ' Total 87221 T he Foundling Hojjoital. 1172 Account of the .Methods which have been ufizd for the Eflahlh’loment of an Hofpital for the Mainte" ‘ nance and Education of expo/ed and deferted young Children, Otwithfianding the Attention which theLes N giflature has given to find proper Methods for the MaintenanCe and Employment of the Poor, our Laws are Yet apparently defeéhve to attain X it x “ _ theft: 2.6,; May x6; I 1 2 Lady unknown -r-— 2 2 0 fails-33“ . W t -'—. 1 1 ri 3 A Lady unknown ~——' 0 1o (6 .4? [6 ‘ A Perfon unknown ,-——- 0 10 6 Two Perfons unknown, per Ro- ‘.hert Grofvenor, Efq. . -— 2' 2 o F. G. per j’ohn Harrifon, Efq. 1 1 o A Perfon unknoWn,T per Boulton May 1: Mainwaring, Efq. 12 o A Perfon unknown, per the Rev; Nov. 6;; - Dr. Ben/on —-'- -'—- 5 5' O 16 4. o 127‘ The .Fpundling lilo/[vital 1. thoferdelirable Ends -, the Infufficiency of which is in no ,Rel'peét more vifible, or more to be la- mented, than with Regard to poorunhappy-Chil: dren, who, either by the early Lois of their Pa- rents, or by being abandoned by them, are left to the Care. of the Public for their Support. ‘ The Officers, whom the Laws have charged with .the Care of the Poor, have. been fo negli— gent in this Part of their Trufi, that fome-In- rants have been'ful‘fered to perilh With Cold and Hunger in the Streets, without any Attempt for " their Relief; and few, Who are brought to the Parifh Officers, do long furvive under the Care of aParilh Nurfe, or Workhoufe; and fuch as do, are generally habituated to Beggary and Idle, nefs, and become a Burthen to themfelves, and Re- proach to their Country. , '_ - . In the Reign of her late Majel’ty Qmen Anne, feveral eminent and worthy Merchants, confider- ing the Benefits which would arife from putting the Education of the Poor under a better Regula- tion, and moved with Compaflion for the many innocent Children who were daily expofed to Mi- fery and Deltruétion, propofed to erect an Hof- pital, in or near London, for the Reception of ,fuch nfants as either the Misfortunes Or Inhumanity' of their Parents Ihould leave del’titute Of other Support -, and to employ them in fuch a Manner, as to make them fit for the mofi’laborious Offices and lowelt Stations. ' -. 7 ' And, from the Succefs which had attended In- fiitutions of this Nature in other Countries, hoped, not only that a proper Relief might be provided for their Maintenance, but that the Public lhould be abundantly repaid, by their Labour and Induf— try, fer whatever lhould be contributed to their Support. They,‘therefore, propofed a Subfcrip- tion, and folliciteda Charter for the erecting fuch an Hofpital. Neverthelefs itwas at that Time fuifpended, by Means of fume ill-grounded Pre- Jl ices which weak People had conceived, that fuch an Undertaking might feem to encourage Perfons in Vice, by making“ too eafy Provifion "For-their illegitimate Children : And this Sufpen- fion might have totally defeated this ‘mof’t ufeful and laudable Defign, had not frame of thofe wors thy Perfons thought proper, in their Wills, to give large Benefaétions t0 .bepaid to. fuchan Hofpital, f0 foon as it fhould'be erected 5 which coming to the Norice of 'Mr. Thomas (30min, a Commander of a Ship in the Merchants Service, he left the Sea-fervice to follicit a Charter for the Efiablifhment of this Charity; being induced thereto by his well-knewn Zeal for the Public, and the {hockingZSpeétacles he had feen'of inno- tent Children, who had been murdered and thrown upon'Dung'hills. ' -' « . He was adviféd, before‘he prefented ariy‘Pes tition to hisiMajefiy, to procure :1 Recommend? tion of the Defign from-fome Perfons of Qiality and Difiinétion; which he accordingly follicited with unweariedDiligence and Alliduity, and-obi tained the following Memorial, to be- figned by the Ladies whofe'Names are therein mentioned ; and which oughtvto be had in perpetual Veneras ”tion,:by the Rublic, as well as by the Children _ and their Poflieifiity, whofe Livesj they have been the happy Infiruments of preferving. ‘ Whereas, among the many excellent Defigns ‘ and Inflitutionsof Charity which'this Nation, .‘ and efpecially‘the-jCity of London, has hitherto _‘ encouraged and eftablilhed, no Expedient has ‘ yet been found out for preventing the frequent ‘ Murders of poor miferable Infants at their Birth ; ‘ or for fupprefling the inhuman Cul’tom of ex- ‘ paling new-born» n'fant's to perilh in the Streets; ‘ or't’he putting out fuch unhappy Foundlings to ‘- wicked and barbarous Nurfes, Who, undertaking f to bring themt'up for a {mall and trifling Sum , , r I , _ .‘gf Money, do often fufi'er them to farm for ‘ Want of due Sultenanee or Category}? per- ‘ mitted to live, either turn them into the Streets ‘ to beg or. Real, or hire them out to loofe Per- ‘ Tons, by whom they. are trained up, in that infa-_ ‘ mous Way of living, and fometimes are blind— ‘ ed, or maimed and difiorted in their Limbs, in’ ‘ order to move, Pity and Compaflion, and there- ‘ by become fitter Infiruments of Gain to thofe :‘ vile mercilefs Wretches.; ‘ ' ‘ . ‘-For— a Beginning to redrefs f0 deplorable a ;‘ Grievance, and to prevent as well the EffufiOn. "‘ of {0- much innocent Blood, as the fatal Confe- " quences of that Idlenefs, Beggar-y, or Stealing; ‘ in which fuch poor F oundlings are generally ,‘ bredlupd, and to enable them, by’ an early and A I‘ effectual Care of their Education, to become. 5‘ ufeful Members of the Commonwealth: We, _‘ whole Names are underwritten, being deeply. ‘ touched with Compaflion for the Sufi'eringstand f lamentable Condition of fuch poor abandoned 5‘ helplefs Infants, as well as the enormous Abu- 1‘ {es and Mifchiefs to which they are expofed; ‘ and in order to fupply the Government plenti- ‘ fully with ufeful Hands on many Occafions ; ‘ and for the better producing good and faithful ‘ Servants from amongft the poor and miferable ‘ call—01f Children, or b'oundlings, now a Pelt to ‘ the Public, and a chargeable Nuifance Within ‘ the Bills of Mortality; and for fettling a yearly ‘ Income for their Maintenance and proper Edu- ‘ cation, till they come to a fit Age for Service ; ‘ are defirous‘ to encourage, ,and willing to con- ‘ tribute towards ereé‘tingaanofpital for Infants ‘ whom their Parents are not able to maintain, ‘ and having no Right to any Parilh ~, which we ‘ concei’ve will not only prev‘ent many horrid ‘ Murders, Cruelties, and other Mifchiefs, and ‘ be greatly beneficial to the Public, but will alfo ‘ be acceptable to God Almighty, as being the ‘ only Remedy of fuch great Evils, which have ‘ been [0 long negleéted, though always coma ‘plained'of ; provided due and proper-Care be ‘, taken forfetting on Foot fo necellary an Ef’ta- ‘ blifhment, and a Royal Charter be granted by ‘ the King to fuch Perfons as his Majefiy fhall ap- ‘ proVe of,-who ihall be willing to become Bene— ‘ factors for the Ereéting and Endowing fu'ch an ‘ Hofpital; and for the receiving the voluntary ‘ Contributions of charitable and Well-difpofed, ‘ Perfons; and for directing and managing the ‘» Affairs thereof gratis to the belt Advantage, Sun; ‘ der fuch Regulations as his Majefty in his great ‘_ Wifdom {hall judge molt proper-for attaining ‘ the defired Effect of our good Intentions.’ . ‘ Charlotte Samar/2!, F. We. and Nottingham, S. Riobrfiond, _ E. Cardigan, ' 7 . H. Bolton, ~ Dorothy Burlington, ‘ Amie Bolton, F.- Litrbfield, 1 ' I. Leeds, A; Aloemorle, 7 21. Bedford, ' F. Biron, M Cavendi/b Portland, VA. Trevor, f7. Mm’cloq/ler, A. Torringtong . F. Hartford, E.‘Oq/lo~w‘,_ 2%. Harold, .4, King, ' ‘8. Huntington, ‘ After obtaining this Recommendation from the \Ladies, Mr. Comm procured another to the fame Purport-and Effect, to be figned by a great'Num-d her of N oblemen and Gentlemen, both which Were anneXed to his Petition to the King, who Was thereupon gracioufly pleade to grant his Roy- a‘l Charter for el’cablifhing this Hofpital, bearing Date the I 7th of Qfiober, r 739 ; a Copy of which is herein after inferted. In Confequenceof which Charter, the Governors named therein, being fum- moned 'by the Duke of Bedford, their Prefident, had" their firfl: Meeting, at Somerfet-Hou/E, on thfi 20E Book I} Chap. XXVII. 20th of Nonemher, 1739, and proceeded to chufe a Committee, confifiing of fifty Noblemen and Gentlemen, to manage the Efiate and Effeéts of the Hofpital; which Committee had their firl’t Meeting the 29th of the fame Month, and orders ed, that Accounts of the feveral Ei’tablilhments of Hofpitals of this Nature in other Countries fhould be obtained as foon- as poflible; and, for that Purpofe, Application was made to his Ma- jef’ty’s Ambafi‘adors and Minifters abroad. Directions were given to the Treafurer to en- quire what Legacies had been given by Wills for this Charity; and Application was made to the Bank of England to Open an Account in the Name of the Corporation, and that fuch Money might be paid to them as lhould be colleéted for the Be— nefit of this Charity; which Requel’t the Bank very readily granted. : , The Governors then proceeded to open Books for the Subfcriptions of fuch Perfons who were willing to contribute to this Charity by Benefac- tions, or annual Payments, during the Subfcri- bers Pleafure. And feveral large Sums of Mo— ney were immediately fubfcribed and paid, and alfo feveral annual Subfcriptions for promoting of the Charity. The Governors foon after received authentic Accounts of the Infiitutions and Regulations of the Hofpitals of dmflerdam, Paris, and Li/hon for the Reception of Infants; and have fince alfo been favoured with that of Venice : And, though each of thefe Infiitutions, being accommodated to the-Laws and Governments of their refpeétive Countries, were unfit or impraéticable to be to- tally executed in this Kingdom, yet they afforded ufeful Inl’truétions for forming a Plan for the Go— vernment of this Hofpital. ‘ The Governors, finding that the Laws then in being for the Provifion of the Poor would ren- der the Carrying their Defign into Execution ex- tremely difficult, if not impraéticable, without the Aflil’tance of Parliament, obtained an Act, in the thirteenth Year of his prefent Majefi'y, in- titled, An do? for confirming and enlarging the Pow- er: granted hy his Maje/ty to the Goeernor: and Gnar- dianr of the Hofiiital for the Maintenance and Edu- cation of expofid and deferted young Children, hy his Illajdty’s gracious Charter, hearing Date the 17th of Oétober, 1739. And, to enable them to ex- ecute the good Purpofes of the faid Charter, they proceeded to appoint a Committee to form By- Laws for the Government of the Corporation, and alfo a Plan for the Execution of the Charity; which were reported to the general Committee on the 16th of j‘aly, 1-740, and were foon after approved of by the general Court; and which, with fome few Alterations, fince made, have ferv- ed for a Rule for the Government of the Corpo- ration and the Management of the Children; and this Rule, together with the By-Laws, and the Aét of Parliament, and Charter, have been from Time to Time printed, and diltributed to all the Governors for their Information, and are alfo in- ferted in the following Treatife. The Committee ordered circular Letters to be wrote and difizributed in feveral different Parts of this Kingdom, to defire Information where Nur- fes might be procured for the Hofpital, and Chil- dren might be well taken Care of, at the mofl: reafonable Prices. They alfo fought out a .Place for ercéting an Hofpital; and, the Earl of Sali/hnry’s Ef’tate in Lamb’s-Conduit-Field: being fixed on to be the moi’t convenient Situation, they applied to him for the Purchafe of that Ei’cate, which his Lord- fhip, out of Regard to the Charity, not only fold to the Corporation at a very reafonable Price, but alfo bellowed on them a noble Benefaétion. But, as the Building an Hofpital would necef- J The, Foundling Hofldtals farily take up “much Time, and,the_ Governors were extremely delirousto beginto- take in Chile dren, they came to a Refolution, on the 8th of May, .1740, that fixty Children Ihould be taken in, With proper. Officers, Nurfes, and Servants, v as foon as a Houfe could be provided. . And, in Confeq‘uence of this Refolution, they hired a Houfe in flatten—Garden, which they fill-i ted upand furnifhed : The doing of Which, and provrding proper Officers, Servants, and Nurfes, tookup the-Remainder of the Year; fo that the firl’t Taking-in of Children was on Lady-Day, i741 ; at which Time thirty Children were taken- m, two Wet—Nurfes only being then provided, and Dry-Nurfes for the other Children. At the firft Taking-in, the Children who were firfl; brought were admitted : Soon after, thirty more in the fame Manner, increafing neverthelefs the Number of Wet-Nurfes, which futureExperia ence fhewed to be the only fafe Method of nurfe ing Children; for, out of one Hundred and thir'as ty—fix Children which were taken in the firfli Year, fixty-fix died within the Year, which the Committee attributed to the Endeavouring to bring them up by Hand, which they had been advifed to make Trial of, it being then thought impractiCable to, procure a fufficient Number of healthy Wet-Nurfes. - 4 That eminent and worthy PhyfiCian Sir Han-5 Sloane, in a Letter which hefent tothe Commits tee of this Hofpital, among many other ufeful Obfervations, takes Notice, that, of thirty Chil- dren, taken in the 25th of March, 1741, two / were put to Wet—Nurfes, of which neither died in the Year; whereas, of twenty-eight put to Dry-Nurfes, fifteen died ; that, of thirty, admits ted April the 17th, 1741, feven were put to Wet: Nurfes, of which one Only died; whereas, of twenty-three put to Dry—Nurfes, eleven died; and, of thirty more, taken in May the 8th, 1 741 , feventeen were put to Wet-Nurfes, of whom four died; thirteen to Dry-Nurfes, of whom eight died. And Sir Hans, in the fame Letter, fays, that he had for fifty Years obferved, that, of three Infants bred without Breafts, two generally died, notwithl’canding what he or others could do to help them. V , The Committee alfo obferved, that,» of the young Children which were fent into the Couné. try, many lefs died, in Proportion to their Num‘ bers, than of thofe who remained, in the Hofpital, viz. of the one 'Hundred and'thirty—fix Children taken in, eighty were fent into the Country, out of which Number twenty—nine died in the Year ; fifty-fix were kept in Town, out of which Number forty—five died in the Year ; which was , not owing to any Want of Care, but probabl from the Air of London'being' lefs pure, and e1}: pecially in a Place where Numbers of Nurfes and Children were kept in fo 'fmall a Co'mpafs‘. T hefe Obfervations determined the‘Committep to come to a Refolutio'n, to fend all the Children Wthh'fl’lOUld be taken in, as foon aspoflible, in“— to the‘ Country, and to remain there'until three Years old -, and that all fuch as would fuck lhould be nurfed by Wet-Nurfe‘s only. T hefe F aéts are mentioned to caution Perfons again‘fl: bringing up Children by Hand, and rather to have them nurf— ed in the Country than‘in Town; On the 24th of March, 1741‘, a Committee Was appointed to c‘onfider of a' Plan for'ereéiing an Hofpital on the (Eltate lately purchafed of the Earl of Sali/hnigy, which, on the goth of .7ane, 1742, was approved by the general Court, and ordered to be executed under the Direétion of Mr. 7am: Horne, who generoufly offered to perform the Ofiice of their surveyor without any Reward whatfoever. ,, _ . 2 They caufed Advertifements to be pubhfhed fiir ,‘WOrkmen 296 3 .266 We FoundlingHefpital.‘ Workmen to contraét for the feveral" SOrts of Work to be done, and contraé‘ted with fuch whofe Propofals were mol’t beneficial to the Charity; and, on the 16th of Septemher following, the firl’t Stone of the Hofpital was laid, at the fou’th—eafi: Corner of the weft Wing, by j‘ohn Milner, Efq; one of the Vice-Prefidents of the Hofpital, with this Infcription on a Copper-Plate : The Foundation of this Hofnital was laid the 16th of September, 16th of George 11, 174.2, In Ofloher following, the Method formerly ufed for the Taking-in Children having been found in- convenient, by Reafon of the Crowd which was occafioned by Perfons itriving who lhould firl’t deliver in their Children, _ - ' The Committee refolved to take in Children by Ballot, in the Method which is ufed at pre- fent, and mentioned in the Rules of the Hofpital. On the 8th of january, 1743, the Committee defired Dr. Conyers, the Phyfician of the Hofpi- tal, to confider of the belt Method for inoculating the Children then in the Houfe; and, the Re— port made by him being very fatisfaétory, he was defired to proceed on fuch Inoculation as foon as poliible ;\ and feveral Children were accordingly inoculated, who had no bad Accident attending them : And, fince that Time, all other Children, who have been returned to the Hofpital without having had that Diltemper in the natural Way, have been inoculated under the Care of the Phy— fician and the Surgeon to the HOfpital, which has been attended with great Succefs, without the Lofs of one Child, or any ill Confequence. The Governors thought it would be for the Benefit of the Charity to dine together annually, at their own Expence, and appointed the 4th of April, 1744, for the firfl: annual Meeting on this Occafion; which Meeting has been fince changed to the fecond PVednefday in May, being the Day «appointed by the Charter for the Election of a Committee and Officers. ’In Ottoher, I745, one Wing of the Hofpital being finilhed, the Committee ordered the Chil- dren to be'kept in the new Hofpital, and quitted the Houfe in Hanan-Garden. The general Court, being informed that a Cha- el was much wanted, and that feveral Ladies of the firit (wality, and other Perfons of Difiiné‘tion 'and Fortune, were defirous to contribute to fo good and necelfary a Work, came to a Refolu- tihn to build one; and, by their Direction, the Cdmmittee opened a Subfcription for that Pur- pofe -, whereupon they ordered the following Ad- veritifement to be printed : F The Governors of thefaid Hofpital, being ‘ earnel’tly defirous that the Children under their ‘ ,Care Ihould be early inflruéted in the Principles " of Religion and Morality, and having no Place ,‘ of public Worlhip to which the Children and ‘ Servants of the Hofpitalcan conveniently refort, ‘ have refolved to erect a Chapel adjoining to ‘ their Hofpital in Lamh’s-Condnit-Fields -, and, ‘ that no Part of the Revenue of the faid Hofpi- ‘ tal, which is or. lhall be given for the Support ,‘ of the Children, may be diverted from that Ufe, , ‘ In order to defray the Expence of erecting the ‘ faid Chapel, they have opened a Subfcription for ‘ that Purpofe ,3 and any Perfons, willing to con- ‘ tribute to fogood a Work, are defired to enter ‘ their Names and Places of Abode, and the Sums ‘ they fubfcribe, in the Subfcription-Roll, which ‘ is kept by the Steward of the faid Hofpital; or, ‘ if they pleafe to fend to him, they ihall be wait- ‘ ed on with the faid Subfcription-Roll ; and all l‘ Sums fubfcribed to this Purpofe, or otherwife‘ " to the Charity of this Hofpital, are to be paid fto the Bank, of England 5, or toMefl'rs. Hoare -4 , ’4: ’fl‘r ‘ and Company, in: Fleet—jireet -, Melirs. Mahtine ‘ and Company, in Lemhard-fl‘reet -,' or Sir 7ofeph ‘ and Sir Thomas Hanhey; invFenehnreh-flreet ,Jfln- ‘ drew Drummand, Efq; Banker, at Charing—Crafi -, ‘ or to the'Treafurer of the faid Hofpital.é-—This ‘ Subfcription is now open, and it is‘hoped will ‘ be encouraged, that the‘Governdrs may be en- ‘ abled to' compleat that Building, which the ‘ Charity is in great Want of.’ v V Second Wednefday in May, 1746, theGoverJ nors, being, defirous the Children fhould be edu— cated by Perfons Well a€e&ed to our prefent hap— py Confiitution, ordered, that all Per-ions ,em: ployed by the Hofpital Ihould take the Oaths to the Government. ’ 7 . ' And foon after, finding; the Children capable of doing fome Work, the Committee ordered, that fome of the Boys fhould be employed in winding Silk, and the Girls in making; and mending Linen for the Boys and themfelves, the Children in the Country, Ede. all which, is',done, by them, without putting any Partof it out. . Fehrnary 25, 1,746, at the Requei’t of , feveral Governors, a new Subfcription-Roll was opened for the Benefit of the H'ofpital, which is on Parch— ment duly flamped, in the following Words : We, whofe Names are hereunto fubfcribed, do promife and agree, feverally and refpeéti‘vely, and to and with each other of us, and to and'with the Governors and Guardians of the faid .HOfpital for the Maintenance and Education of expofed and deferted young Children, that our Executors, or Adminifirators, fhall, immediately upon our Deceafe, pay to the faid Governors and Guar— dians, for the Ufe of the faid Hofpital, the feve- ral Sums fet by us againi’t our refpeétive Namesa Particular Care was taken, in ereéting the Building, that it Ihould be commodious, plain, and fubl’tantial, without any coi’tly Decorations ; but, foon after the Hofpital became habitable, feveral eminent Mailers of Painting, Sculpture, and other Arts, were pleafed to contribute many elegant Ornaments, which are placed in the Hof- pital as Monuments of their Charity, and Abili— ties in their feveral Arts. ‘ In the Court-Room they placed four capital Piétures, the Subjects being Parts of the Sacred Hifiory, fuitable to the Place for which they were deligned. * The firl’t painted by Mr. Hayman, and taken from the fecond Chapter of Exodus, Verfes 8 and 9, the Words of which are, The Maid went and call- ed the Child’s Mother, and Pharaoh’s Daughter faid unto her, Take this Child away and nnrfe it for me, and I will give you Wages. The enfuing Verfe is The Subjeét of the next Piéture, viz. -, find the Child grew up, and jhe hranght him to Pharaoh’s Daughter, and he heeame her Son, and flair called his Name Mofes. This Picture is painted by Mr. "Hogarth. , The third Picture is. the Hiltory of I/hma‘el,’ painted by Mr. Highmore; the Subject taken from the twbnty-firl’t Chapter of Genefls, Verfe 17, And the Angel of, the Lord called to Hagar ant af Hea- ven, and faid to her, What aileth thee, Hagar? Fear not, for God hath heard the Voice of the Lad. wherejhe is. ' . The fourth Pié'ture was painted by~-Mr. WiZZJ'; its Subjeét taken from the eighteenth Chapter of St. Lnlze, . Verfe 16, '7efa: faid, fnfier little Chil- dren to come unto me, and forhid them not, for of fnch is the Kingdom of God. ' . On each Side of the'fe Pié‘tures are placed finall- er Piétures in circular Frames, reprefenting the mol’t confiderable Hofpitals in and about London. 1. The View of the Hofpital for expofed Chil- dren. ' . .' 5 2. The View of the Hofpital at Hyde-Perle ' ' C omen Book I m’liiuumm. Chap. XXVII. Corner, called, St. George’s Hofpital. Thcfe two by Mr. PVié/on. 3: The View of Clad/Ea Hofpital. 4-. The View of Bel/elem Hofpital. Thefe two by Mr. Hayley. 5. The View of St. Tbomas’s Hofpital. 6. The View of Greenwich Hofpital. 7. The View of the Blue—Coat Hofpital. Thef‘e three by Mr. Wba’le. 8. The View of Sutton’s Hofpital, called, The Cloarler-laonfe. By Mr. Gain/borough. Over the Chimney is placed a very curious Bafs—Relief, carved by Mr. Ry/orac/t, and pre— fented by him, reprefenting Children employed in Navigation and Hufbandry, being the Em- ployment to which the Children of this Hofpital are defiined. The other Ornaments of the Room were alfo given by feveral ingenious Workmen, who had been employed in the Building the Hofpital, and Were willing to contribute to it. , The Stucco Work was given by Mr. Wiliam le'Zton. The Marble Chimney by Mr. De'val. The Table with its Frame, inriched with Carving, by Mr. yolm Saunderfon 3 and the Glafs by Mr. Hallat. In the other Rooms of the Hofpital are the Pictures of. feveral Governors and Benefafiors, 'viz. Mr. Tbomas Coram, by Mr. Hogarth; Mt. Miner and Mr. yawn/on, by Mr. Hudfon; Dr. Mead, by Mr. Ramfey; and Mr. Emerfon, by Mr. Hz'g/amore. , And in the Dining-Room is a large, and beau— tiful Sea-Piece, reprefenting the Englg/b Fleet in the Downs, by Mr. Monamy. At the fame Time alfo were given by Mr. I've: four Shields cut in Lead of good Workmanfhip, whichwere placed over the Charity Boxes with pro» per Infcriptions thereon -, and feveral other eminent Artif’ts promifed to contribute their Labours to the further Ornamenting the Hofpital and Cha— pel. For which they were returned the Thanks of the Corporation, and an Infcription was or- dered to be put up in the Hofpital, to inform the Public, that thofe Ornaments of the Hofpi- ta] were Benefactions of the feveral Artifis, whofe Names were wrote thereon -, it being a fixed, and, as is hoped, an unalterable Refolu— tion of the Governors, that no Part of the Mo- ney given to this Hofpital be expended in any thing, but what is ufeful and necefl‘ary to anfwer the good Intentions of the Benefactors. About the fame Time the Earl Marfhal of England was pleafed to honour the Corporation with a Grant of a Coat of Arms -, the Kings at Arms, and Officers of the Heralds Oflice, being fo charitable as to remit all the Fees due to them on that Occafion. ' Amongfi: other confiderable Benefaé‘tions,which have been contributed to this Hofpital and to the Public by its Means, is to be eiteemed a Let- ter from Dr. Cadogan, a Phyfician at Bri/lol, which was communicated to the GOVernors, giving In— i’truétions for the Nurfing and Management of Children from their Birth to three Years of Age ‘, which Letter has been fince publifhed, with his Permiflion, by Order of the Committee, by :7. Roberts in Warwick-Lane, and contains many na— tural and ufeful Obfervations, and is a Proof of the Advantage, which this Infiitution may be of by making and communicating further Inquiries into the proper Method of preferving and bring— ing up Children. On the firl’t of May 1747, the firf’c Stone of the Chapel was laid in the Prefence of a nume- rous Afl'embly of Perfons of Dif’cinétion ; on which Stone was a Copper-Plate with an Infcrip- tion mentioning the Time when it was laid, and S7756 Foundling Hoj’l‘bzital. a large Collection was made for carrying on that neceffary Work. In Noven‘zoer 174.8, the Governors, obfer‘ving'i that the Manufacture of Silk ‘Was too effemi- nate for the larger Boys, refolved that the Boys lhould be employed in the open Air, and inured to _the Changes of Weather; and therefore apa pomted a Committee, and cau’fed AdVertifements to be publiihed to make proper Inquiries what. Manufactures would be mol’t fuitable for this Purpofe 5 which Committee, having received and examined the feVeral Propofals made to them, reported that the Manufacturing of Hemp and- F lax into Twine, fmall Cordage Lin‘és, and alfo into F iihing and other Nets, was the moft pro— per Manufaélure for the Employment of the Boys : In Purfuance of which the general Com- mittee refolved that a Trial be made in emplOy; ing the Boys in the Manufacturing of Hemp as recommended, being laborious and to be per- formed in the Air, and in every Refpeét confiftent with their Deflzination to Navigation and Huf— bandry; and alfo in employing them in the Gar- den and Bufinefs of the Houfe, according to their Strength and Capacity. .. And that the Girls fhould be infiruéted and employed, in all ‘Sorts of Houfhold Work, in the Kitchin, Laundry, and Chambers, to make them fit for Service ; and alfo inSewing, Knitting, and Spinning; and, if more than fufl‘icient for thefé Purpofes, to be employed in winding Silk or make ing Nets. . ‘ On the 29th of More]: 1749, the general Court, being informed of the Increafe of Bene- factions to this Charity, and of the Number of Children, andthat itwas proper the Boys {hould be kept feparate from the Girls, gave Directions for building the other Wing of the Hofpital, and referred it to the Committee, to carry on that Work as foon as poifible; the Benefaétions and Legacies given appear by Tables placed in the great Room of the Hofpital. The annual Subfcription appears by a Book in the Cuf’tody of the Steward; but the Sums hitherto given are very deficient to anfwer the intended Extenfivenefs of this Charity. The good Confe— quences which this Nation may derive from it, are fo apparent that it is to be hoped fuch En- couragements will be given to it, that this Hof- pita] may foon be a Receptacle to all fuch poor Children as [hall be brought to it. There have already been more than eleven Hundred Children received and maintained by this Corporation ; but Experience hath ihewn, that Objects 'for this Charity are very numerous,- and that many thoufand Lives may be preferved for the Benefit of their Country, if Perfons of Fortune {hall think proper to extend their Com- paflion and public Spirit to fo defirable a Purc . pofe. The Royal Cbarz‘er for eflaoZi/bz'ng the [Jo/pita]: _ “ George tine Second, by the Grace of God, and fo forth, to whom thefe Prefents {hall come Greeting. . Whereas our trui’cy and Well beloved Subject Thoma: Comm, Gentleman, in Behalf of great Numbers of helplefs Infants daily expofed to Defiruétion, has by his Petition humbly repre-i fented unto Us, that many Perfons of @ahty and Difiinétion, as well as others of both Sexes, being fenfible of the frequent Murders ‘com- mitted on poor miferable Infants by their Pa.- rents to hide their Shame, and the inhuman Cui’com of expofing new—born Childrento pe- rilh in the Streets, or training them up in Idle- nefs, Beggary, or Theft, have by Ini’cruments Yyy l”! 267 , 26,8; 77556 Fouridling' Hcflgz’tnl, -_ in YVritingdeclared their Intentionsto'contri-s bute liberally towards the e‘re’é‘t'i‘ng 'an Hofpital, after the Example of otherChriIfdan Countries, ana- for fu‘pporting the fame, for. the Reception, Maintenance, and proper EdUCation of fuch helplefs Infants, as‘ foon as we fhould be graci- oufly pleafedto grant our R‘oyal Letters Patent ' fOr that Purpofe : That feveraI'Legacies having been bequeathed for the fame to be paid by the Executors, when any fuch Hofpital'fliall be pro? perly ef’tablifhed here; the Petitioner therefore hath humbly prayed us, that we wOuld be gra- cioufly pléafed to grant ‘our Royal Charter for incorporating fuch Perfons asWe ‘Ihall think fit. fbfr reCeiving and dilpofing of Charities for ereé‘t-' ing and fupporting’ an Hofpital for the RecepJ tion', Maintenance, and proper Education of fuch eXpofed andcait-ofi‘ Children as may be brought to it, under fuch Rules and Regulations as to us may feem meet. , , , 7, f; ‘ j ' We taking the Premifi'es .into’fdur Royal Con- fideration, and being defirouvsltp'prornote fo good and laudable an Baabridméggxare; g’racioufly pleafed to gratify the Petitionét‘ infhiskequefi. '-Know 'ye'the'r'efore, "t‘hat'r'wegv' of our fpegial Grace, certain Knowledge, an flrfiere._'M0tion, have willed, 0rd aihed, cohftitu’te“ 1,. and, appointed, and by the'fe‘ 'P‘re‘fents, for u's’,”_'o’ur Heirs and SuccelTors, de'fWill, ordain, liconftitute, declare, and grant that'the 'GOverners, and fuch others, as {hall frmfimde :deime be elected in the Manner herein latter direEted, they ”andtheir Suc- cefTors, be, and H131], for ever hereafter,fibe, by vir- tue of thefe Prefents; one Body Politic and Cor- porate in Deedvhnd in Name/by the Name of ‘the Governors and Gunm’inns of the Hofliifzzlfor the Alain- tenance and 'Edzg'mtz'en of expafiad and deflrted young Children -, and'them‘ and their Succefl'ors, by the fame Name, ivedo by thefe Prefents‘, for us, our Heirs and Succeffors, c’onititute and ide'clare to be one body Politic-and Corporate in Deed and in Law; and by the'fame Name they and their Succefl‘brs {hall andmay have perpetuaISUcCeflion -, and, that they and their Sticceffors by that Name {hall and may, for ever hereafter, be P‘erfons able and capa- ble in the Law, and may have Power, notwith— fianding the Statute of Mortmain, to purchafe, have, take, receive, and enjoy, to them and their Succefl'ors, Manors, Meffuages, Lands, Rents, Tenements, Annuities, and Hereditaments, of whatfoever Nature or Kind, in Fee and Perpetuity, or for Terms of Life or Years, not exceeding ”the yearly Value of four Thoufand Pounds, beyond Reprifes, fo far as they are not rei’trained by Law 5 and all ,Manner Of Goods, Chattels, and Things whatfoever, of what Nature and Value f0 ,ever, for the better Support and Maintenance of fuch pobrdeferted Children as ihall be received into .the faidiHofpital, in the Manner herein after- mentioned; and alfo to fell, grant, demife, ex— change, and difpofe of any of the fame Manors, Meiiuages, Lands, andTenements, whereof and wherein, they {hall have any Ef’cate of Inheri- tance, or for Life, Lives, or Years as aforefaid; and that by the Name aforefaid they lhall~and may be able to fue and be fued, plead and be impleaded, anfwer and .be anfwered unto, de-; fend and be defended, in all Courts and Pleas wh'atl'oever of ‘us, our Heirs and succefl‘ors, in all ' Aétions, Plaints, Matters, and Demands whatfoever, and to act and do in all Matters and Things relating to the faid Corporation, in as ample Manner and Form as any other our liege Stlbjeets, 2being Perfons able and capable in‘the Law, or any. other Body Politic or Corpo— rate' in this Part of our“ Kingdom of Great Bri- tnz’n'called England, ' lawfully may Or can act or do find that the faid Corporation,for ever here— . [\AJ ' aftet, {hall and may have and ufe a common Sea] for the Caufes and Bufin'efi'es . of them and ltheir Succefi'ors; and that it fhall andmay be . glawful for them and their Succefl‘ors to change, break, alter, and make new the faid Seal from Time to Time, as they fliall think fit. . f And, for the better‘Execution of theiPurpofes aforefaid, we ‘ do declare and grant, that the {aid Corporation, and theirsSucceflbrs foreVer, ifhall 'have one Prefident, fix Vice-Prefidents,§ and one Treafurer, and that john Duke of Ben’- ferd be the firl’t Prefident, that Mimjnh Petey; the Lord V ere Benuclerk, Sir yofeph Ey/er, Martin Fol/res, Peter Barrel, and yams Cook, be the fix: firi’t Vice-Prefidents ; and that; Lewis Way be the firft Treafurer of the faid Corporation ; each- of them rrefpeétively to continue in their .feve- ral and refpective Offices of Prefident, Vice-Pre-, :fidents, and Treafurer, until the fecond [/Vednef- , day in May 1740, and untilrothers be. chofen in their refpective Rooms. ‘ , A . ’ . And our Will and P-leafu‘re is, that the faid-' Prefident, .pVice-Prefidents,,~ and. Treafurer, and the reit of the Members of the {aid Corporation : alfo above~named, or as many of them the faid Prefident, Vice-.Prelidents,-gand Members as'cone '- veniently can, may, within forty Days next-after . the Date of this our Grant, meet together atifu'ch Time and, Place as ethedfaid Prefident ihall-ap- ‘ point by Summons, or other Notice, which he ‘ is by;thefe Prefents impowered andrequired times — ly to iITue for that Purpofe to the faid Members, - V or fuch of them as live Within the Cities ofLondon ‘~ or Weflmz’nfler, or the Borough of 'Sonthwa‘rh,t or within two Miles thereof ,‘where they, orthe“ major Part of them thenprefent, may chufe by ‘ Ballot one or more Secretaries, and fuch "other inferior Officers and Servants as Ihall be thought - convenient and ufeful forthe Purpofes of the faid - Corporation, and to ferve. in the faid Offices re- , fpeétively until the fecjond Wednefdny in May 1740, and until others {hall be elected in their refpeétive Rooms, unlefls,§they {hall fooner 1 die, , or be removed ; and at finch Meetings one or more Committee, or Committees, {hall be cho- fen out of the Members of the faid Corporation, to confif’t offuch Number and Perfons as to the faid general Court {hall feem proper, which Committee, or Committees, {hall continUe until the faid fecond Wedne/dny in the Month of 'Mny, in the {aid Year 1740, and ihall have P0wer to direct, manage, and tranfaét, all, the Bufin‘efs, Affairs, Efiate, and Effects of the [aid Corporation, and take in, receive, maintain, and, emp10y fuch poor tie- ferted Children, accordin'gito fuch Rules and Direé’cions as {hall be made and ei’tablilhed from Time to Time by general Courts ; to which {aid general COurts we do by thefe Prefents, for us, our Heirs and Succefi‘ors, give and grant full Power and Authority to 'make and eftablifh fuch Rules and Directions for the Reception, Mainte- nance, and Employment of fuch poor deferted Children, as they, or the major Part of them, {hall think meet, fit, and convenient, from Time to Time 3 and for that Purpofe fuch Committee, or Committees, may erect or purchafe fuchfitting Place to be an Hofpital, for the Reception of fuch Children; . ' ' . And out further Will is, That, on every fe- cond, Wedney’dny in the Month of May yearly, there {hall and may be a general Meeting of the GoVernors and Guardians of the faid Corporation in the {aid Hofpital, or at fome other conveni- ent Place, until the faid Hofpital be made ready to receive them, for the electing by Ballot all fucceeding Prefidents,Vice-Prefidents, Treafurers, and Committees out of the Members of the faid ‘ Corporation, by Majority of Votes of all the Members then perfonallyprefent, to continue in their refpeé‘tive Oflices until the fecond Wed- nq/dny charitxvrr. nefday in the Taid Month of -_May followmg, and until others {hall be. chofen in their refpeétive Rooms; and that all fu’cceeding Secretaries, and other inferior Officers-and Servants, be annually appointed, or oftener, if needful, by the major Part of the Governors and Guardians for the Time being thenprefent at their general Meeting, and, in'Cafe of an Equality of Votes, the Prefident,‘ or, in Cafe of his Death or Abfence', the'Vice- Prefident- firfl: named in’the Lift. of Vice‘~Prefi- dents thenwprefent, to have a double or cafting Voice, and at fuch Salaries as theyihall think reafonable. ’ . V f I . We will moreover, that there {hall be,‘ every Year,_f0ur {tated general Meetings of the‘Go- vernorswand Guardians of the faid Corpbration to be held on the fi'ri’t‘Wednefdays after} Lady- Day,‘ Midfummer, .Miclaaelmar, and CErzflmar—Day refpeétively; at which Meetings, and‘no Other, the faid Corporation, or the major Part of the Members thereof" then'prefent, {hall and may execute Leafes for Years, and make By—laWS for' the well Government of the faid Corporation, which By—laws, not being repugnant to the Laws and Statutes of this "our Realm, Ihall’ra’nd may be effeéhially obfe‘rved and kept. , ‘ ' Provided neverthelefs, and our Willis, That no fuch By-laws f0 to be made by this,,Corpo- ration'lh'all be binding,'_until’ the fame {hall be confirmed 1'by feme fucceeding, general ‘M’eeting -, and that-theiame Method be obl'erved' in the al- tering—or‘repealing any fuch By-laws, after they {hall have been {0 confirmed, and the" Members prefen‘tgat 'fuch quarterly Meetings, or the ma— jor-Part of them then'prefent, are hereby im— powered from Time to Time to'remOvefand dif- place any Officers or Servants belonging ‘to the {aid Hofpital for Mifdemeanors at their Will and Pleafure,» and to put others into their Rooms from Time to- Time: And we do hereby alfo impower the Committee for the Time being, or any five 'or more of them, on any jUil: Caufe, to fufpend, remove, and difplace any inferior Offi— cers or Servants, and to put others in their Rooms until the next general or quarterly Court 'or Meeting. , Provided, That no Aét in any quarterly or other general Meeting be valid, unlefs thirteen or more Members be prefent, and the major Part of fuch as {hall be prefent be confenting thereto. , We Will moreover, That the faid Corporation and their Succeflbrs, or the major Part of fuch of them as Ihall be prefent at any yearly or quar- terly Court, or other general Meeting which the Prefident has by thefe Prefents Power to fum— mon at any ether Times, as there {hall be Oc— cafion, may, from Time to Time, by Ballot eleé‘t and chufe fuch fit and able Perfons to be Gover- nors and Guardians as they fliall think moft like— ly to encourage and promote the charitable De— figns of the faid Corporation -, which Governors and Guardians f0 eleéted fhall,’from and after fueh Eleétion, be adjudged and deemed Members 01'" the faid Corporation, and as fuch‘ {hall be fum- moned and admitted to vote and aét, by Virtue of the faid Prefents, as fully and effeétually, to all'Intents and Purpofes, as if their Names, re- fpeétively, were particularly inferted to be Mem- bers thereof in and by this our Charter. And we Will moreover, That the faid Corpo- ration and their Succeifors fliall have Power to authorife and appoint fuchPerfons as they {hall think fit to take Subfcriptions, and to alk of all or anyof our good Subjeéts, and gather and col- 97):? "reaming zafiaai. void fuch Authorities and Appointments, as often as they may fee Caufe f0 to do. _ I \And our further Will and Pleafure is, that the faid Corporation {hall and may caufe fair and ficers .and Agents, .refpeétively, in relation to the Premifes, which lhall be liable to the Viewand nefaétor. or Benefactors, upon Occafion -, which be examined, audited, "adjuiled, and fubfcribed major Part of them. 4 We Will moreover, That all Perfons who the Amount of twenty Pounds or more, or of fortyShillings or more annually, fhall have free Liberty to infpeét'the faid Hofpital, and inform themfelves of the State thereof, and of the Man- ner of nurfing, dieting, managing, 'inftruéting, and employing the Children therein. And further we Will, That in ~all- general Courts the Prefident, or, in Cafe of his Death 0r Abfence, the Vice-Prefident firfl: named in. the Veice in cafe Of an Equality of Vetes, ‘ Exemplification thereof, 'ihall be good, firm, valid, Intentions herein before declared; and fhall be aridelfewhere, in the molt favourable and beneficial Imperfeétion, Defect, Matter, Caufe, Or Thing notwithi‘tanding, without F ine or Fee, great or fmall, to be for the fame in any Manner render- ed, done, or paid to us in our Hanaper, or elfe- where, to our Ufe. In Witnefs thereof we have caufed thefe our Letters to be made Patent. Witnefs ourlelf at lVe/iminfler the 17th Day of Ofialzer, in the thir- teenth Year of our Reign, ’ By writ of Privy Seal, ‘ COCK& ford, who was appointed the firi’t Prefident, fum— meet him, on Tue/day the 20th of Navemaar, at Gentlemen named in the Charter being aITembled, Thomas Comm, Efq; who firfl propofed the Scheme and follicited for the Charter, thanked his Grace the Duke of Bradford, and the tell of the Noble— men and Gentlemen, for their Protection and Af- fif’tance in prOmoting the Patent; and Dr. Mead oblerved the vaf’t Advantages that would accrue to the Nation bythis ufeful Efiablifliment. Af— ter which Mr. Herman Verelfl was chofen then Se- cretary, who accepted of that Oflice without ex- peEting Committee of fifty of the Members were chofen‘ to affifi the Prefident, in carrying on the Affairs of the Corporation. ' On the 14th of May 1740, the Corporation held their yearly general Meeting, when they e-s leéted by Ballot his Grace 70% Duke of Bradford their Prefident: The Lord Vere Beauclerk, Mm- ialy Perry, Efq; Martin Fol/m, Efq; Peter Barrel, juitAccounts in Writing to be kept of all Re-L ceipts, Payments, and Doings 'by them, their Of; Infpeétion of any Subfcriber or Subfcribers’, Be:f laid 'Accounts ihall, ,on the 25th Day of Decem--. éer in every Year, ,or within fourteen Days after, , by the M‘embers prefent at ' fuch Meeting, or the fhall fubfcribe and pay to the {aid Corporation to -» “269 L11]: of ' Vice-Prefid‘ents then prefent, be the Chair— man of the {aid Co'urt," and, to have a carting ‘ ‘And, laf’tly, our Will and Ple'afure is, That '. there our Letters Patent, or the Inrollment or and elfeélual in the Law, according to our royal; taken, confl'rued, and adjudged, in all our Courts : Senfe, and for thebe’ft, Advantage of the faid ‘_ CorpOration and their Succefi'ors ; any Omiflion, . whatfoever, to the contrary thereof in any—wife, ‘ 1739- In Purfuahce of this Patent the Duke of Bed— _ mone'd the feveral Members of the Society to - Samerflet-laoafi’; and, molt of the Noblemen and ' any Fee or Reward for his Service ; and a: ' JEfqv, Sir 74605 Ban-verie, Bart. and 705m .Migner, Efq; Vice—Prefidents -, and Lewis Way, Efq; ’1 rea- furer; and thefe, with Forty-two more of the l Members, were elected a Committee. Th , c leét fuch Monies as {hall by any Perfon or Per- fons, Bodies Politic or Corporate, Companies or other Societies, be contributed and giVen for the Purpofes aforefaid, and may revoke and make I 2.70 , ~ The Foundling [Jo/pita]. The fame Day they refolved that fixty Chil- dren fhould be taken in, with 'p'r'oper Officers, Nurfes, and Servants; and, on the 3 1ft of Ofioher, it was refolved that the general Committee be imf powered to purchafe of the Earl of Sali/hury his two Paf’ture ‘Fields, containing thirty-four Acres of Land, on the north Side of Ormond—flreet, be- tween Lamh’s-‘Conduit and Southampton-row, for a Sclte ‘to build an Hofpital upon, and to do all Things neceiTary for the Building of it. ' In the mean Time they hired a Houfe in Hat- ton-Garden, late in the Occupation of Sir Fzfloer fence, for the Children, until the Hofpital Ihould be built, as it has been already obferved. Anno decimo tertio Georgii II. Regis. An At? for confirming and enlarging the Power: granted hy his Majcfly to the Governors and Guar- dian: of the Hofpital for the Maintenance and Edu— cation of expo/ed and dcfirted young Children, by his mo/l gracious Charter, hearing Date the 1 7th Day of Oétober, in the 2’ ear of Our Lord one Thou/and [even Hundred and thirty—nine, and to enable them to execute the good Purpofe: of the [aid Charter. Whereas his Majei’cy, in Compaffion to the Numbers of poor Infants, who are liable to be ‘expofed to perilh in the Streets, or be murdered by their indigent and inhuman Parents, has been molt gracioufly pleafed, by his Royal Charter un- der the Great Seal of Great—Britain, to create and el’tablifh a Corporation or Body Politic, by the Name of T he Governor: and Guardian: of the Ho/joital for the Maintenance and Education of expofed and deferted young Children -, which Cor- poration is, by the faid Charter, declared to have perpetual SUCceffion, and impowered to take, hold, purchafe, receive, and pofTefs Lands, Tenements, and Hereditaments, to the Value of four Thoufand Pounds a Year; and Goods, Chattels, and perfonal Eftate, of what Nature and Value foever; and to purchafe or erect an Hof- pital for the Support, Maintenance, and Educa- tion of expofed and deferted Children ; and to hold Courts, to make By-Laws, and to eleét Governors and Officers, and to do other Aéts for the Purpofes of the faid Charter: And where- as great Sums of Money have been given by the Governors of the faid Hofpital, and other Per- fons, to be applied to the charitable Ufes before- mentioned. And whereas, by Reafon of the Laws ' now in Force for the Relief of the Poor, many Difficulties may arife in carrying into Execution the good Intents of the faid Charter, and that the granting other and farther Powers to the faid Corporation is requifite effectually to anfwer the Purpofes aforefaid. It i: enatted, That the faid Corporation, and their Succeffors, {hall have Power, by any Inl’tru- ment under their common Seal, to purchafe Lands, Tenements, or Hereditaments, of the Value of four Thoufand Pounds per flnnum, and to ereét Houfes and Buildings thereon, to be an Hofpital for the Receptionbf poor and expofed Children, And it is further enat‘z‘ed, That fuch Lands and Buildings, while they continue in the Polfefiion of the {aid Corporation, [hall be rated at fuch Value in the Taxes as fuch Lands were rated and afl'efi'ed at in the Year 1739, and no more, not- withltanding any Improvements which {hall here- after be made, or any Buildings which {hall be erefled thereon. . ‘ And it {hall be lawful for all Bodies Politic or Corporate, Femmes-Covert, pofl‘efl‘ed in their own Right, Trultees, Guardians, and Commit- tees for Lunatics and Idiots, Executors, Admi- niitrators, and Guardians whatfoever, in Behalf of 1 their Cg/tuz' gue Trufts, to contract for, fell, Or can; vey to the faid Corporation, and their Succefi‘ors, all or any Mefl‘uages, Lands, 65c. provided fuch Conveyances be approved by the Lord Chancel- lor, Keeper, or Commilfioners of the Great Seal for the Time being; and all fuch Contracts, Sales, and Conveyances, ihall be good and valid in Law. I And it {hall be lawful for the {aid Corporati-a on, or any Perfons authorifed by them, to receive, maintain, and educate as many Children as they think fit in fuch Hofpital. And it {hall be lawful for any Perfons whatfoever to bring Children to the faid Hofpital to be maintained and educated there. And no Churchwarden, Overfeer, or o— ther Perfon,pihall, by Virtue of any Law in be- ing for the Provifion or Maintenance of the Poor, or for Ballard Children, flop, moleit, or dii’turb- any Perfon in bringing fuch Children to the faid Hofpital, or in returning from the fame, on Pain of forty Shillings for every Offence, to be levied by two Jufiices of the Peace. And no Overfeer, Churchwarden, or other Officer, {hall have any Power or Authority in the [aid Hofpital, or fhall have any Authority to en- quire concerning the Birth or Settlement of fucli . Children who {hall be there maintained and edu- cated. ‘ ‘ No Children, Nurfes, or Servants, maintain— ed or employed in the faid Hofpital, fhallgain any Settlement in the Pariihes or Places where the Corporation {hall order them to be maintain- ed or educated. ‘ Nor fhall any mortuary Fee or Reward be due or payable to any Rector, Curate, Minifier, Clerk, Sexton, or other Officer, on Account of the Chrii’cening, Death, or Burial of fuch Children ; and the Offices of Baptifm and Burial of them fhall be performed by fuch Minifters of the Church of England, as the faid Corporation fhall appoint : And the faid Corporation Ihall provide a fuffici- ent Burial-ground for all Children dying under their Care, and {ball not be intitled to make Ufe of any Church—yard or Burial-place belonging to ‘any Parifh, for burying the faid Children. And it :[hall be lawful for the faid Corporation, or any Perfons by them authorifed, to detain and employ in any Sort of Labour, or Manufacture, or in the Sea Service, all Children by them main‘ tained and educated, till they attain the follow- ing Ages, viz. until fuch Male Children attain the Age of twenty-four Years, and the Female Children attain the Age of twenty-one, Or be married. And the faid Corporation may bind fuch Children Apprentices, or place them out as Ser- vants, or Mariners, to any Husbandman, Maiter, or Captain of a Ship, or other Perfon, until the aforefaid refpeé‘tive Ages. ' ’ , And it {hall be lawful for’the faid Corporation, f0 long as fuch Children {hall be maintained by them, to hire or let out fuch Children to any Perfon who {hall contraél: with them for their Work and Labour, and the Corporation to re« ceive the Profit arifing from fuch Work, and to give fuch reafonable Correétion for their Idle- nefs, Difobedience, or Misbehaviour, as they {hall think proper. The Prefident, Vice-Prefidents, and Treafurer of the faid Corporation, {hall be chofen annually on the fecond Wednefday in May, when there fhall be a general Meeting of the Governors and. Guardians at the faid Hofpital, who {hall pro— ceed to the Eleétion of a Prefident, fix Vice-Pre- fidents, and a Treafurer, by Ballot, and be de- termined by a Majority of Votes then prefent ; and, if fuch Eleétion cannot be made and com- pleated on the faid fecond of May, it fhall be made within forty Days after, the Majority prefent ha- ving Power to adjourn fuch Meeting to a figture . ay 5 Book I. Chap. "Xxvir. Day ; Notice of WhiCh Adjournment, and all 0— ther General Meetings, to be given in the Ga- zette. . And, when anyVacancy in the faid Oflices {hall happen by Death, the Governors and Guardians of the [aid Corporation, or the major Part of them, are authorifed to proceed to a new Ele&i- on of an Ofiicer in the Room of the Perfon de- ceafed. And it {hall be lawful for the Governors and Guardians of the {aid Corporation, at any Gene- ral or Qiarterly Court, to appoint one or more Committees for tranfaé‘ting Bufinefs, auditing the Accounts of the Corporation, and to require the Treafurer, Oflicers, and Servants of the Houfe, to account in fuch Manner as they {hall direét; and, at the faid General or Qiarterly Courts, may examine and pafs fuch Accounts, and make fuch By—laws as they {hall think pro— per, for the better Government of the faid Cor- oration, provided that no By-law {hall be of gorce, till approved by the next General Court, and provided that it be not inconfiftent with the Laws of the Realm. Provided that none of the Governors or Guar» dians, or other Officers of the laid Corporation, {hall be obliged to take the Sacrament of the 'Lord’s Supper, or any other Oath, to qualify them to execute their refpeétive Offices, or to dif— charge any Truf’t relating to the faid Corpora- tron. Such of the Governors of the faid Corporation who {hall be prefent at any General Court or Meeting, or any Committee chofen by the faid Corporation, are impowered to eleét, fufpend, and difplace any Officer or Servant, at their Dif- cretion, without any Caufe afligned. If any of the inferior Oflicers or Servants refufe to ac- count, or produce their Books and Vouchers, or Effects, they {hall be intrufted with, any fuch Offender may be committed by two Juftices, un- til he fubmits to be examined, {9°C. The Mellow? of admitting Children into the Ho/pz'tal. The, Secretary is to advertife publickly, three Days fucceflively before the Day of Reception, the Day and Hours appointed for that Purpofe. The Gate of the Hofpital is to be opened by the Porter, to every Perfon who brings .a Child -, but the Porter is not to fufi'er any Perfon to bring two Children, or to come in without a Child,» except the Governors, or fuch as they give 0r- ders to be admitted. The Perfons ”who bring Children, are to be conducted into a large Room, and ordered to feat themfelves on Benches ; thofe who bring Boys at one End of the Room, and thofe who bring Girls at the other, and not to leave their Places, till called, nor are they to take from their Child any Part of its Cloathing, or other Thing fent with it, on Pain of being turned out of the Hofpital. Two Servants of the Hofpital are to attend, and fee this Order obeyed. When the Hours of Admittance are expired, aBell is to be rung, the Doors of the Hofpital are to be Ihut, and no Perfon admitted to bring a Child after that Time. Two of the Governors are to count the Num- ber of Perfons who have Children, and how many have Boys, and how many Girls -, and are to put into one Bag fo many white Balls, 'as there are Boys to be admitted, and, into another Bag, fo many white Balls, as there are Girls to. be admitted. ' To every twenty white Balls, they are to add. four red Balls, and proportionally, for any greater or lefl‘er Number, They are then to add fo many black Balls, as, together with the white and red ones, {hall make. 7%}: F oundlin’g pritfl. the Number of the Balls, in eaCh Bag, equal to the Number of Perfons, who ihall have brought Boys or Girls. The Balls in each Bag being miXed together,- one of the Governors is to hold the Bag, fo as it {hall be impoflible for the Perfon, who {hall draw a Ball out of it, to fee into it. He is to call the Perfons one by one from their Seats to draw each a Ball; and fuch Perfon is to‘ hold up her‘ Hand open in View of the Goverv- nors, before fhe puts it into the Bag. ‘ Each Perfon who {hall draw a black Ball, {hall immediately be led by the MeITenger with her Child out of the Hofpital. ’ The Perfons who {hall draw white and red Balls, lhall be ordered into feparate Rooms, to prevent Changing of Balls. " When all the Balls are drawn, and the Perfons who {hall draw black ones are difcharged, the‘ Perfons who fhall have draWn white ones, are to be carried back into the Room of Drawing, and formed as before : Thofe, who {hall have drawn red ones, remaining apart from them who fhall have drawn the white ones. Then One Pera fon who has a white Ball, is to be carried into a. Room alone, there to remain, till fuch Time as her Child {hall be received, or refufed. . The Child is to be delivered to the Mefi'eng‘er‘, who is to carry it into the Room appointed for the Infpeétion. ‘ l The Child is there to be undreired in the Pres fence of the Matron ; and if the Phyfician, Stir—— geon, or Apothecary, attending, fliall have any Sufpicion of its having any infectious Dii’remper ; or if it appears to be above the Age of two‘ Months ; it {hall be returned to the Perfon who brought it, in the Cloaths in which it was brought,- and ihall be taken immediately out of the H013 ital. ‘ P If there be no fuch Objec‘tion, it is to be ree ceived, and the Perfon who brought it difmiffed, Every Child received is to have a different Let-s .ter of the Alphabet tied to its Wril‘c. The Clerk and Steward are each to rflark a» Billet with the Letter fixed to the Child’s Wrift, and in it are to write the Sex and fuppofed Age of the Child, the Year and Day when infpeéted, the Particulars of the Child’s Drefs, the Marks, . if any, on its Body ;- and particular Mention is- to be made, in fuch Billet, of any \Nriting, 0 other Thing, brought with the Child. , Any Writing, or remarkable Thing, brought with the Child, is to be fealed up immediately,- and marked with the Letter of the Child on the Outfide. This being finifhed, one of the Female Servants of the Hofpital is to carry the Child, with the Cloathing of the Hof ital, into the Ward which is appointed for the aking in of Children, and there to. deliver it to the Country 'Nurfe, who has the fame Letter of» the Alphabet with that of the Child. When one Child is infpet‘ted, and delivered to its Nurfe, anorker Perfon, having a white Ball, is to be carried/into the private Room, in like Manner; and ft) on, till all the Children, brought; by the Perfons who have drawn white Balls, {hall ' be infpeéted. . _, Then, if any of thofe Children fiiallhave-bee'n rejected, there ihall be foamany white Balls, as- _ there are Children rejected, put «into the-Bag,-and fo many black Balls. added. to them, as, together with them, fhall make up the Number of- Perforis who lha-ll have draWn‘ re’d Balls. ~ Thefe Balls area) be drawn in like Manner as the firflz; but the Perfons who draw thetblack, may, if they defire it, fiay in the Heufe, till they {hall fee, whetherall the Children-of thofe Per- fons, who (hall, in the fecoml Drawing, have got Z 2 z ‘ white 27': ' 2.72. * This Trea- tife was wrote by Dr. Cada— gan, ofBri/tal, and publifhed for the Bene— fit of the Hof- pital. The Foundling Hofpital. white Balls, are received, ,or rejeéted; and fo on, - till the whole Number of the Children, appointed to be taken in, are received. . When all the Billets are compleated,‘ they are to be fealed up by a Governor, and put into a Box, together with all Writings, or other re- markable Things, brought with the Children. The Porter is alfo to take Care, that no Mo- lef’tation be given, by any Perfons without Doors, to any Perfons who bring Children, either com- ing to, or returning from the Hofpital; and is to feize any Perfons f0 ofi‘ending, and carry them before a Jui’tice of the Peace, that they may be punifhed according to the Aét of Parliament, made for confirming the Charter of this Corpo- ration; and is to hate a Confiable, and other Affifiants, as fhall be direéted by the Governors. Regulation: to he ohfer'ved as to the Nutjing, Em— , ployment, and Deflination of the Children of the F oundling Hofliital, in order to malee them ufe- ful to the Puhlie, and therehy anfwer the charita— hle Intention: of the Benefattors to this Hofivital ; fuhjet't to fueh Alterations as may he pointed out hy future Experience, or hetter Information, which may he received hy Letter, or otherwife. That all the Children be fent into the Country to VVet—Nurfes, under the Infpeétion of fome Perfon of Charadter in the Neighbourhood, and that they remain there until they are three Years old; and, that during that Time, their Diet, Cloathing, {5%. be conformable to the Direétions given in a Treatife, intitled, An Efiy upon Nurf— ing, and the Management of Children, from their Birth to three Years old *. . That fuch Children as have not had the Small- ‘Pox in a natural Way, be inoculated at three Years old, in a proper Place out of the Hofpi- tal, Experience having fully evinced the Utility of this Praétice, by‘the conflfant Succefs which has attended thefeveral Inoculations of the Chil- dren, without one fingle Infiance of Mifcarriage, . under the Care of Dr. Conyerr, the Phyfician, and Mr. Winthe/ler, the Surgeon, who charitably at— tend this Hofpital. That, at three Years old, the Children” be re- ' ~turned to the ~Hofpital ; and from that Time, { their Service. ,4 , until they are fix Years old, be taught ti) read, to learn the Catechifm, Errand, at proper Inter- ; vals, exercifed in the open Air, and employed in; fuch a Manner as may contribute to their Health, i and induce a Habit of Activity, Hardinefs, and? Labour. . > . That, from fix unto twelve Years old, the Boys be employed in making Nets, {pinning of Pack- ,thread,‘ Twine, and fmalliCorda‘ge, adapted to , their feveral Ages and Strength, . and that they: mend their own Cloaths,' Stockin’gSVCde.‘ , ' p ._ That, at twelve'Years old,..the Boys be .fent to- Sea or Husbandry, except {Q many as may be ne— '5 cefl‘aryto be employed .in;the, Garden belonging to the ‘Hofpital, Which is intended to be enlarged: in'fuch a Manner, as to 'fupply tthe Houfe,uand‘ and Parts adjacent, with Vegetables; and to have in Readinefs Boys inf’truétedv in Gardeningfor» fuch Perfons as may incline, to takethem into That, from fix Years of Age, the Girls be em-9 _.ployed in common Needlework, Knitting, Tandl Spinning; and in the Kitchen, Laundry, .and NHoufhold-work, in order to make them. ufef-ul, . Servantsl‘to fuch proper Perfons as may apply _for them, except fo many as may be necelTary to, be employed in the Hofpital» ; it being intended). rto have no other Female Servants in the Hofpi- ‘tal,’ but Perfons brought'up therein, when'athey arrive to proper Ages. . . p c That the Boys be kept feparate from the Girls, and never permitted to haVe any. Intercourfe to- gether, either in their Employment, Dieting, or Diverfions. ' - That the Diet allowed to the Children be plain and fimple, as finall Broth, Pottage, and Milk; Meat and Vegetables alternately, their Bread ’coarfe, and their Drink Water. That their Diverfions be innocent, aetive, and requiring Exercife ; that all Games of Chance, Swearing, indecent Language or Behaviour, be f’triétly prohibited, and feverely punilhed. That the Children do confiantly attend Divine Service in the Chapel on Sundays, and that the Officers, Be. of the Hbfpital do often remind them of the Lownefs of their Condition, that they may early imbibe the Principles of Humili— ty and Gratitude to their .Benefaetors; and to learn to undergo, with Contentment, the mofl: ’fervile andlaborious Oflims; for, notwithflanding the Innocence of the Children, yet, as they are expofed and abandoned by their Parents, they ought to fubmit to the lowel’t Stations, and Ihould . not be educated in fuch a Manner, as to put them upon the Level with the Children of Pa: rents who have the Humanity and Virtue to pre- ferve them, and Indultry to fupport them. Of the Management of the. Children, when returned from Nurje. The returned Children are to be cloa'thed in a Manner proper for Labour, and different from that of the Children at Nurfe, and their Num— bers are to be fixed to their Cloaths, in fome Man- ner, _ fo as to be always vifible, that every Child may be eafily known thereby. They are to be eritered in a Book, divided into the different Wards of the Hofpital, to be kept in the Ward .into which they are ordered. The Nurfe of the Ward is to have the Care of their Cloathing, to fee they keep theinfelves cleanly, and to teach them to read at the Times to be appointed for that Purpofe; to fee they rife at ‘ Five o’Clock in Summer, and Seven in the Win- ter, and that they are out of the Ward in a @ar— ter of an Hour after th‘efe Times. In an Hour after the Time of Riling, the Nurfes of the Ward, with the .Afiiftance of the Girls of the'iHofpital, are to fee the Beds made, the Rooms cleaned, and every Thing in Order. At Half an Hour after Five in Summer, and Half: an Hour after Seven in Winter, the Boys are to be called .over in’ the School-Room by the Matter, i. e. the Husband‘man, and from thence are to go. with him to Work, either in the Gar- den, or otherfiPlace appointed for that Purpofe, which. istobe in the open Air, unlefs in extreme bad Weather. - , - . Their Work! is to be fuch bodily Labour as is .fuitable totheir Age and Strength, and may be mofli likely ‘jto’ fit them for Agriculture, or the SeaLS'ervic’ea zfuch as Digging, Houghing, Plow- ing with" Ploughs manageable withOut Horfes, Hedging, cleaving Wood, carryingl'Burthens, and" inch—like Employments, for which Purpofe proper Tools areto be provided." = ~ 3 " Manufaé’cures, in general, feetn improper for the Employment of the-Boys, being likely to incline them to a Way of Life not intended for them; if anyare ever made Ufe of, they mull: beonly fuch as are fimple- and laborious, as fpin— ning andutwifiing Thread and fmall Ropes, or the like.:‘ I . a ’ ‘ . * ' j , At Eight in ’Summer,-and Nine in :Winter, they are to breakfalt“; the elder Boys in t'he‘open Air, .if the Wieathef‘ permit, and'tohave an Hour allowed them for that Purpo‘fe; the‘younger may breakfal’t in the Eating—Room,- in the Prefencc of the Nurfes of their Wards. "' The Book I. Chap. XXVII.‘ fpent in their Labour. : ~ From Twelve to Two is allowed for‘i‘Dinner and Rel’t; at Two they are to return to their Work, and to work till Six in Summer, - and til J it is dark in Winter. = t From that Time, till Supper, Part of the Time is to be employed in learning to read ;‘ the rei’c the Children may play in the open Air, or Schbolf , Room. = . Eight of the Clock in the Summer, and Seven; of the Clock in the Winter, are to be Hours of Supper, and at Nine they are to go to Bed. 5 On Sundays, and other Days appointed for public Worlhip, they are to be infiruéted in the Principles of Religionand Morality, to attend at Chapel, to be taught the Catechifrnfiufed by the Church of England, ~orwheardto read filch Parts of the holy Scripture as are molt fu‘itableto‘their Underlianding. a i i ' On Saturday: in the Afternoon, and on the Afternoon of fome public IHolidays, they may be allowed to divert themfelVes with fuch Exer— cifes as will increafe their Strength, Activity, and Hardinefs ; but are never to play at Games of Chance, which are to be taught to be bafe and elfeminate, and fome Punifhment of Infamy is to be fixed to this Olfence. The Girls are to be kept in Wards, entirely feparate ‘ frOm the Boys, tobe drelTed plain and neat, with, Numbers vifible in fome Part of their Cloathing; to rife at the fame Hour with the Boys, to clean the Houfe, make'the Beds, and do the Houlhold Bufinefs till the Hour of Break- fal’c; after that, to be employed in making Li— nen, or Cloaths, or fuch other Labour, as is fuit- able to their Age and Strength, or in fome ufeful Manufaétory. . y ‘ ; - They are always to be ‘apart from the Boys, and to be attended by the Nurfes of their Wards. The Diet Of the Children of the Hofpital is to be plain and good of the Sort, and confilt fome Days of Meat, and“ others of Roots -or Herbs, . raifed by the Children’s Labour ,r their Drink Water, their Bread good, but coarfe, and made of a dilferent Sort of Corn, as Wheat, Rye, Bar— ley, Peafe, Oats, Gr. occafionally, that they may be inured to thefe accidental Changes. 1 Strong Drink, T ea,‘ Coffee, and Tobacco, are never to be permitted to be ufed by any Child in the Hofpital, nor any Butter allowed them. 3796 Met/90d: of placing them out to proper Employ- merits. , T he Children are to be put out, as foon as pof- fible, tothe Bufinefs for which they are appoint- ed, which is to be done by Indenturebetween the Hofpital and the Malter who is,» rte-take- the Child; which Indentureis to contain proper Co— venants to fecure the Child’s Maintenance and good Ufage during theTime of its. Service; and to fpecify the Place where, or: Ship’s Name, on card which the Child is to ferve, and to agree for the Return of the Child to the Hofpital, in fuch Cafes where it is f0 defigned -, thefe Agree. ments -, are to be made .by the Heufe-Committee, and approved, by the General Committee, and fealed, with the Seal of the Hofpital', and the Counter¢part by the Malter. . ' It is hoped that, for the eafier Difpofal of the Boys, an Order may be obtained from/the Lords of the Admiralty, to the Captains of his Majef- ty’s Ships, to take a certain Number of Boys from Time to Time, according to the Rate of .1 the Ships, and their Proportion of Men ; and if ‘ a Captain of every Merchant-Ship, of an Hun- dred T0115, 0r upwards, was obliged, if required, ' to take one or more, it would greatly increafe the ; l m, Foundlingfiffinflbiml The relt of the Morning, till Twelve, is 'tobe' Number of Seamen ;‘ and theH’o‘f ital kééRiné: éfi . Account of them, the Governme‘n ,“on any Emeré gency, would be direéte’d‘W‘here to find them. - The Governors and lnfpéétérstifiei‘ll, by Enqui-’ ry, find in what Inland-Places Boys are want- ing for Hufbandry, _ and inform ‘ the Committee thereof ', and the Girls are to be placed out as Houfliold-Servants, or put out‘for‘a Term of Years, to be empleyed in the Linen; or‘pther Ma- nufaétory, as'foon as poflibleu but not without due Enquiry after the Characterxof the Perfons who take them.' ‘ , .1 " ' ‘ As it will be impoflible for the Hofpital in Town to contain the great Number of Children which will be under.its.Care,tif properly encoura- ged; and as the Keeping of Children, near Town, will be much more eXpenfive, than at a Dillzance from it ;- it will. be extremely properto fend orit little Colonies of them ; the Boys to be employ- ed and educated in the Manner beforeamentioned, under; proper Matters, at or near anmontb, Lynn, Liverpool, Hall, Ste. and the Girls to Mdfltbé’flflf, Nailing/yam, Brnz’ntree, De'vz'zes, &¢,- by Which Means the good Effects of the Charity will be more vifible, the Money collected for their Sup- port more diffufed, and the Matters and Miltreffes will be more eafil-y and readily fupplied with Chili dren‘, than they would be, if they were to fend to Landon. Of the Dzfi/o‘nrge of tbe Cbildrénfram tne Hofpz’tnli The Children are only to be difcharged in Manner hereafter mentioned, when they haVe at: tained the Age appointed by ACT of Parliament, or when the Girls are married, or‘when claimed by their Parents. . When any Perfon fhall Claim a Child, they areto leave a Petition with the Secretary, di-’ reeled to the Governors. The Secretary is to deliver it to the General Committee, who are to tranfmit it to the Houfe—Committee, and to give Orders, that the Perfon petitioning attend them at a Day appointed, when the Houfe-Com- mittee fhall enquire what Right they have to the Child, what are their Circuml’tances, whether they are able and willing to provide for the Child, and what Security they can give for that Purpofe, and what Satisfaction they canmake to the Hofé pita], for the 'Expence it has been put to, by the Maintenance of the Child ; which Committee {hall report the "fame to the next General Com- mittee, with their Opinion thereupon. If > the Propofal made by the Parent, and the Report, is fatisfactory to the General Committee, they Ifhall then, and not before, order the Billets‘ to be opened, and the Regifier'fiarched; and, if they find the Child is living, may make an Ori der 'toudeliVer the Child to its Parent 'or Relation, which Order is to be delivered,_’when they have complied with-the Terms required by the Com-3 mittee, but not. previous thereto. Every Perfon to' whom a Child is 1'0 delivered, is to provide Cloathing for their Child in which it is to be drelfed; and the Cloathing of the Hofpital is to be left with the Steward. . , When any Perfons- are difcharged, for having attained their Age appointed for that Purpofe’, i. e. Twenty-four for Males, or Twenty-one for Females ; or when any of the Girls {hall be mar- ried, with the Confent 'of the Committee; the General Committee, at their Difcretion‘, may give them Cloaths, Money, or Necefi‘aries, not eat: ceeding the Value of ten Pounds.- But, aSO'lt: is to be hoped that the Males and Females will be able at thofe Years to get an honel’t Livelihood by their lndul’cry, this Charity mull: be cautioul’. ly and rarely praé‘tifed, except on Marriage ofthe .Girls. ' " , . . fl'Lé/i' an 274 Guy’: Hofliital. _ ' L ., «up «,4 .a‘ n ' «.4 b}... flLiji of the Pre/ident and Viee-Pre/t'dentr,"1"rea- _ furer, 8m. to May 1754.. Prefident. The Duke of Bedford. ‘ Vite—Pre/identr. Earl of Maeelerfield. Lord Vere. Sir 7am: Lowther, Bart. Sir john Heathrote, Bart. Peter Burrell, Efq. yo/‘eph Fawthrop, Efq. Treafurer. Taylor White, Efq. For the forty-two Memherr to make the General Committee fifty. The Duke of Portland. 70hr Waple, Efq. The Earl of Shaft/hwy. The Earl of flhereorn. Barnahy Baekwell, Efq. StephenBee/eingham, Efq. Mr. Charles Child. Samuel Clarke, Efq. Sir Thomas Drury, Bart. Francis Fauquier, Efq. Chamhrelan Godfrey, Efq. Philip Harcourt, Efq. Theodore yaeohfen, Efq. Lewis Way, Efq. George Whatley, Efq. Henry Wright, Efq. The Hon. Philip Yorke, Efq. The Right Hon. Lord Parker. Sir Anthem Thoma: flhdy, Bart. ’ Benjamin Adamfin, Efq. Peter Burrell, jun. Efq. 7ohn Thornton, Efq. yohn Lot/t, Efq. janm Mead, Efq. Peter Meyer, Efq. Rohert Nettleton, Efq. hVilliam Pearce, Efq. Samuel Reynardfon, Efq. Richard Salwey, Efq. William Sloane, Efq. Thoma: Strode, Efq. yamer Theohald, Efq. yames Fitzgerald, Efq. Ahel Fonnereau, Efq. Sir Edmund Ifloam, Bart. Nathaniel Lloyd, Efq. Rohert Ongley, Efq. Sir William Beaue'hamp . ProtZor, Bart. Henry Rowe, Efq. William Sothehy, Efq. Henry Shifner, Efq. Peter Wyehe, Efq. G U Y ’5 lemma. HOMAS GUT, Efq; was a Native of Tam- worth, in Stafiord/hire. His Father dying, when he was about eight Years of Age, his Mo.- ther bound him Apprentice to, yohn Clarke, a Binder and Seller of Books in Mercers-Hall Porch, in, Cheapflde, on September 3, 1660, for the Term of eight Years. The Time of his Servitude being expired, he was admitted a Freeman of the Sta: tioners Company, on the 7th of Ottoher, in 1668, and of the City, the 14th of the fame Month and Year; and, on the 6th of Ottoher, in 1673, re~ ceived into the Livery of the {aid Company, Mr. Guy was no fooner out of his Apprentice- fliip, than he fet up his Trade, in the little Cor- ner—Houfe betwixt Cornhill and Lomhard-flreet, with a Stock of about 200 I. At which Time the Engli/h Bibles, printed in this Kingdom, being very bad, both in the Letter and Paper, occa- fioned divers of the Bookfellers of this City, to encourage the Printing thereof in Holland, with curious Types, and fine Paper ; and imported vai’c Numbers of the fame, to their no finall Ad- vantage. Mr. Gay, foon coming acquainted with this profitable Commerce, became a large Dealer therein. But, this Trade proving not only ver'yde: trimental to the public Revenue, but likewife to the King’s Printer, all Ways and Means were de- vide to quafh the fame 3 which being vigoroui1 1y put in Execution, the Bookfellers, by frequent Seizures and Profecutions, became [0 great Suf- ferers, that they judged a farther Purfuit there- of inconlif‘tent with their Interelt. Wherefore our Founder contraéted with the Univerfity of Oxford, for their Privilege to print Bibles ; and, having furnifhed himfelf with, Types from Half- land, carried on a very great Trade in Bibles for divers Years, to his veryvgreat Advantage. 3 Some Time after, Engiand being engaged in an expenfivc War againfi [Ta/JCS, the. poor Seaman on Board the Royal la.’ for mam r ”(/7 . r ”n r. 53.21. .2.- V J, V; { ....... _ ‘ ‘ ’ 3'." head of Money, receives; 31.433313 for" their Kay, which thofe necefiitous, s vet y uiefui Men, were obliged to difpofe of a: thirty, forty, and, / fometimes, fifty in an Hundred Difcount. "ii/Zr. Guy, difcovering the Sweets of this Traffic, became an early Dealer therein, as well as other Govern- ment Securities; by which, and his Trade, he acquired a very great Efiate, infomuch that, in the Year I710, when the Debt of the Navy was increafed to divers Millions, an Aft of Parlia- ment was made, to provide for the Payment of that and other Sums due from the Government, by erecting the South-Sea Company ; into which the Creditors of divers Branches of the national Debt were impowered t0 fubfcribe the feveral Sums due to them from the Public 5 among whom Mr. Guy, being pofTeITed of fuch Securi~ ties, to the Amount of many Thoufand Pounds, fubfcribed the fame into the faid South-Sea Com,- pany, for which he, and the relt of the Subfcri~ bers, were to receive an annual Intercl’t of 6 per Cent. upon their refpeétive Subfcriptions, till the fame were difcharged by Parliament. In the Year 1720, the South-Sea Company pro- pofed to the Government a Scheme for redeeming divers of the public Debts, by increafing their Capital, which being approved of, it no fooner received the Sanétion of Parliament, than the national Creditors, from all Parts, came crowd— ing to fubfcribe, into the faid Company, the feve- ral Sums due to them from the Government. By _ which great Run, zoo l. of the Company’s Stock that before was fold at 1-201. at which Time Mr. Guy was pofl‘efl‘ed of .45, 500 l. of the [aid Stock, gradually arofe to above 150 I. Mr. Guy, wife— ly confidering, that the great Rife of the Stock was owing to the iniquitous Management of a few, prudently began to fell out his Stock, at a- bout 3001., for that which, probably, at firi’t, did not colt him above 50 or 601. and continued felling it till it arofc to about 6001. when he dif- pofed of the lai’t of his Property in the {aid Com- pany : Which has occafioned thofe who were belt acquainted with this Afl'air to aver, that, by the Execution of the pernicious South-Sea Scheme, Mr. Guy got more Money, within the Space of three Months, than. what the ereéting, furnifh- ing,‘ and endowing his Hofpital amounted to. Mr. Gay, an old Batchelor, then in the 76th Year of his Age, being poll'elléd of a vafi Efiate, began to confider how he lhould difpofe of the fame; when, after many Ruminations, he determined to found an Hofpital for the Cure of lick and impotent Perfons; to which End, he took of the Prefident and- Governors of St. Thomar’s Hofpital, in South- wark, a Leafe of a Pieceof Ground oppofite the faid Hofpital, for the Term of nine Hundred and nine- ty-nine Years, at aGround-Rent of 30 l. a Year. This Spot of Ground beingcovered with a Nun); ber of finall Houfes, inhabited by poor People, thefame were pulled deutn in the Year 172-1», and the. Foundation of the intended Hofpit—al laid in the Spring, following ;. the Building whereof was carried on with {och Expedition, that-the Fa- bric was roofed before the Death of the Founder, which happened on the 27th ofDeeemher, 1724, in the 80th Year of his Age. ' , The only Motive that induced. Mr. Guy‘to e- reft his Hofpital in that low, clofe, and‘marl’hy Situation, washis Intmtion of putting it‘under the Management and Direétion of the Gover- nors of that of St. Thomas. But, altering his Refolution by the Advice ofi Friends, he con-t ltituted the Government thereof independent of all others. But, to his great Regret, it was ; then. too late to think of another Site for it, facing .11“ 10H n H.“ .M «J ”I; MW, Chap.~ c XXVH. feeing the Building Was raifed to the fecond Sto- ry; however, by its great Elevation above the neigbouring Streets, and the Area of its Front, the Situation is rendered very agreeable. The Charge of ereéting and furniihing this Hofpital amounted to the Sum of 18,7931. 16s. I d. and the Sum, left to endow the fame, to 219,4991. 0s. 4d. together, 238,292]. 165. 5d. He left the Governors of Chrifl’s Hofpital a per- petual Annuity of 4.00 1. for'taking into the faid Hofpital four Children, yearly, at the Nomina— tion of the Governors of his Hofpital. To his poor aged Relations he gave Annuities, during Life, to the Amount of 870 l. and, among his, younger Relations and Executors, the Sum of 75, 589 l. with the Sum of 1000 l. for difcharging poor Prifoners, within the City of London, and Counties of Zl/[z'ddlefex and Sorry, who could be releafed for the Sum of 51. By which Sum of 10001. and the good Management of his Exe— cutors, there were above fix Hundred poor Per— fons fet at Liberty, from the feveral Prifons with- in the Bills of Mortality. The chief Defign of our Founder, in getting Money, feems to have been with a View of em- ploying the fame in good Works; for, befides the great Things above—mentioned, done by him at his Death, he, early in his Life, not only ge- ' neroufly contributed toward the Relief of private Families in Diflirefs, and other Objeéts of Com— miferation, but he likewife creditedan Alms- Houfe, with a Library, in Tamworth, for the Re- ception of fourteen poor Men and Women, to whom he allowed a certain Penfion during Life -, and at his Death, towards their future Support, and putting out Children Apprentices, Ede. he be- queathed a perpetual annual Sum of 125 1. In the Year 1701," VMr. Gay built and furnifh— , ed, at his own Expence, three Wards, on the north Side of the outer Court of St. Thomas’s Hofpital, and gave‘to the fame 100 l. a Year, for eleven Years immediately preceding the Foun— dation of his Hofpital. And, fome Time before his Death, he removed the .Frontifpiece of the. faid Hofpital of St. Thomas, which ftood over the Gateway in the. Borough, and ereéted the fame in the Place where it at prefent ftands, fronting the Street; and, having enlarged the Gateway, rebuilt the two large Houfes on the Sides thereof, and ereéted the fiately iron Gate between them, all at the Expence of about 3000 1. To many of his Relations he gave fl'ated Allow— ances of 10 or 201. a Year; and to others Mo— ney to advance them in the World. So, upon the Whole, it may be juf‘tly faid, that he never had his Fellow in this Kingdom, nor, perhaps, in any other, for fuch great and extenfiv'e Aéts of Benevolence and Charity. Upon the Death of Mr. Gay, his Executors found in his iron Cheft 1000 Guineas, which they imagined were put there to defray the Ex- pence of his Funeral ; wherefore they caufed him to be buried in avery pompous Manner; atiwhofe Burial there were no lefs than forty Coaches with fix Horfes each. , Soon after Mr. Gay’s Deceafe, his Executors, purfuant to his Will, applied to Parliament, to get themfelves, and fifty-one other Gentlemen, nominated by the Founder, to be incorporated Governors of his‘intended Hofpital; which being the greatei’t and molt noble Foundation that ever was devifed by a Briti/h, or, perhaps, any other Subjeét, I {hall therefore infert a compendious ' Abi’traét 'of the Aft of Parliament made in the 11th Year of King George I. in 172 5, for incor— porating the Governors thereof, wherein the prin- cipal Parts of the Founder’s Will are recited. Whereas Thoma: Guy, of London, Efq; who caufed to be ereé‘ted, in the Parifh of St. Thomas, NUMB. XXIV. ‘Guy’s’ HofyhitaZ in the Borough of Sonthwark, a magnificent Edie fice, confif’ting of two fpacious Squares, with proper Ofiices thereunto belonging, died on the 27th Day of Deeemher, in 1724., having made his laft Will and \Tei’tament, dated the 4th of the preceding Month of Septemher; wherein he de- v1fed the Refidue of his Eftate, after the Pay--' ment of his Debts, Legacies, and funeral Charges, which refiduary Part being by his Executors computed, at abOVe 200,000 1. unto Sir Gregory Page, Bart. Charles :70}, "Mlliam Clayton, Thomas Hal/25, 7ohn Kenrz'ch, john Lade, Richard Mead, Mofer Raper, and yohn Sprint, Efquires, whom he appointed Executors of his faid Will and Tef- tament, till an Aét of Incorporation COuld be ob- tained, with a Power to finifh and furniih the Structure by him begun for his intended Hofpia tal, out of the Profits arifing from his El’tate, for the Reception and Relief of upwards of four Hundred fick and difeafed poor Objeéts ; befides twenty Lunatics, who are to be provided for in a feparate Hofpital ;’and all of whom are to be provided with proper Diet, and other Necefilaries, contributary to the Cure of the unfortunate Pa- tients, during Life, or the Difcretion of his Ex~ ecutors, whom the Founder, by his faid Will, inve-I’ted with the Power of difcharging or conti- nuing fuch fick and diftempered Perfons in his intended Hofpital, according to their Difcretion, and not as fome have vainly imagined, that he’ defigned his Hofpital for Incurables : For the ob— viating of which, lVlr. Guy, by proper Initruéti-‘r ons to his Executors, declared, that they ihould, in all Things, as near as poflible, regulate his intended Hofpital, according to the Pra-étices of that of St. Thomas. And, for the better manage4 ing the Affairs of his faid intended Hofpital, per—' petuating the Charity by him defigned, he in-‘ treated his Executors, immediately after his Death, to endeavour, by Letters Patent, or A8: of Par- liament, to get themfelves, and fifty—one Gen- tlemen, whom he had nominated as Governors, ' to be conflituted a Body Politic and Corporate,- ‘of perpetual Succeffion, for the effeétual fettling and applying the refiduary Part of his Efiate; and, for the good Government of the faid intended Hofpital, a Prefide'nt, Treafurer, [and other Of-’ ficersaslhould be deemed necelfary, be eleéted and admitted into fuch Offices, as to his Majei’ty or the Legiflature Ihould feem proper; and, by fuch‘Name or Names, to have perpetual Succefa fion, and a commonSeal, for the necelfary Af~ fairs of the intended Corporation, with a Power ‘ to- take and difpofe of the refiduary Part of the faid Ei’tate ; and, with the Money arifing there- from, to purchafe Lands, Meifuages, or other E- fiates of Inheritance, to the like, or the yearly Va» lue, as to his Majeity, or the Legiflature, fhould feem convenient ; with-a Power to fue, implead, and anfwer, and to be filed, impleaded, and an. fwered, in any Court of Record, or elfewhere; with fuch Privileges in Law, as Ihould be thought fit to be- granted. ' He further-defired that his Executors and Truf— tees lhould, by .anhhumble Application to his Magnify; or the Legiflature, endeavour to ob- tain,”b,y Letters Patent, or Aét of Parliament, that a Committee be appointed of twenty—one Members of the intended Corporation, for the moreimmediate Difpatch of Affairs belonging to the fame -, and that feven of the faid Committee might be annually left out, and the like Numa ber of Members, nominated by the Committee to fupply their Places, be chofen by a general. Court of the Governors of his intended Hofpital :- And ~ that hyxhe incorporating Power it be provided that the Tranfaétions of the faid Committee be fubjeél: to the Infpeétion and Controul of a gene-‘- ral Court of "Governors, who on this, and all 0. 4 A. that 1,-5.7" d 2‘76 '. Guy’s" Imam]. ther Occafions‘, are to. be fummoned by the Pre- fident, or Treafurer, of fuch Corporation. And the faid Tefiator further declared, that ' his Executors and Truftees fhouid, after the Man— ner aforefaid, endeavour to obtain, that, by fuch an incorporating Power, [Sir Gregory Page, Bart. be appointed the firl’t Prefident, Charles yoy, Efq; the firft Treafurer, and the other Gentlemen no—' .minated by him, the Founder, the firft Commit— 'tee. And that by the {aid Power of Incorpo- ration it be granted, that the future Elections of Prefident, Treafurer, Phyficians, Surgeons, Clerk, Sollicitor, and Chaplain, be in the gene- ral Court of Governors of the intended Corpora— tion, who fhould likewife have the Right of re- moving all fuch Officers at Pleafure- And that the Election of an Apothecary, Steward, Butler, Matron, Cook, Sifters, 699;. be vefied in the Com- ' mittee aforefaid. And the faid Founder further declared, that, as {con as the faid Incorporation could be Obtained, .then his Executors Ihould pay, allign, and con— vey to them, all the refiduary Part of his Efiate -~to the Ufe of his Will ; and that the Prefident, Treafurer, Committee, and Governors, to be im- powered as aforefaid, do, with all pofiible Con— venience, lay out the refiduary Part of his perfo- rnal Eltate in the ‘Purehafe of Lands, MeiTuages, or other Eltates of Inheritance, for a perpetual Provifion, Maintenance, and Cure of poor Ob- jeéts to be entertained in the faid intended Hof— pital, and all necelTary Expences relating to the ,fame. And the Tefiator further declared, that, if the 'Profits arifing from the refiduary Part of his E- fiate ihould amount to more than is fuflicient "for the maintaining the abovementioned Number of poor, lick, and impotent Perfons, and other .neceffary‘Charges about the faid intended Hofpi- -tal, then, and in. fuch Cafe, the Pre-fident, Trea— —furer, and Governors, are impowered to‘difpofe ,of fuch Surplufage, for thewRelief of ‘fuch lick, . impotent; 'andvpc'JoridiltreITed Perfons, as they .ihall judge the greatel’t Objects of C ommiferatlon, or'to other charitable, Ufes, according to. their .Difcretion. , ' —} .VVhereupon it was by'Parliament enaé’ted,’~’3ne- imizze contrarlz'mme, that the aforefaid nine-Eileen- .tdrs, and fiftyLone Gentlemen,<‘nominated-Yin the \Will of the...li‘0L1nder,1be a Body Politic ahd 'COr: ~porate, . by. the: Name .of (the Brefide‘nt-andaGo- vernors 30f the Hofpital, [foundedat t’helfole .C‘of‘t “and Charges 'of Thomas/Guy, C Efq;“* and "by fuch - :Name to have perpetuaL‘SqufiiDn, -.and"a com- .mon Sea], with Power to- al’t‘err‘an'd change the heme at Difcretionsfihd that gthey-"and their Suc- celTors 1110qu have,» rebeiVe912an'd'l'pofl‘efs the-1E7 Ffi'ates real and petfonalV-of-f~7t‘he§jlate»TbomdsiGuy, to be, vellzed in .them, for the Purpofes mention- ed in the faid-VJ ill. And that they and their‘Suc- cefl'ors, by’ the zNam'e aforefiaid’, Xbe capablev‘vin iaaw, :byithe faid real 0r7pe'rfogal Eftate, crime Produce thereof, to purchafe in Perpetfityv} hit for any Term Of‘Ye’a'rs, anyCOther ‘El’tate? Wat— .foever, not exceeding tweIVe Thoufand Pbfinds 2:: -Y ear, above Reprizes ', and to fell; excliati‘b‘figibr leafe out'th‘e fame, as they'fliall :fe‘e‘ eonweiijienra :And, by the Name aforefaid, to fueg-‘im’plead, med anfwer, and be ifued, impleaded, and simmer-reacts any Court of Record, or'elfewhere';andtoitranll: aft all Affairs relating to the Premifi‘es‘, according to the faid Will. . - ‘ -' ' " ’ ‘3 ’ And it is”further enacted, iT hat there be one Prefident, ' one Treafurer', ‘ an‘d- twenty-one “Corn- mittee of the {aid intended Corporation, to con- fi‘fiL‘Of the Perfons nominated 'in . “theiWill {of ' the faid Tel’tator, who fhall .havetthe Management of-the whole Eftate chifdd‘bYthe Founder, "and . ,2 _ _ ,a‘ton’z‘u'mn -:_ T . A. v» vetted in the Corporation for'the support. of his I-Iofpital. ' . - .' . I ~ And-it islikewife enacted, That the Prefident , and Treafurer {hall continue. during their Lives, or until they be refpeétively removed by a gene- ral Court of the faid Corporation, convened, for that Purpofe, by the Prefident, Treafurer, or .feven of the faid Committee, or until they refign ; and, in Cafe of either, the Vacancy to be {up- plied by a Member of the Corporation, to be elected at a general Court of the Governors, with- in forty Days after fueh Removal, Refignation, . or Death. But the Committee of one and twen— ty to continue only for one Year ; feven whereof being annually left out, feven other Members are to be yearly elected at a general Court, to fupply their relpeétive Places. And it is alfo further enaéted, That the Pre- fident, or Treafurer, with any feven, or more, of the faid Committee, legally afiembled, lhall be deemed a full Court of Committee, who {hall have Power, as aforefa‘id, to fell, demife, or o- therwife difpofe of, all, or any Part of the above.— mentioned El‘tate Veiled in the faid Corporation ; provided that all the Money arifing by fuch Sale, or Sales, be forthwith reinvel‘ted in fome other Purehafe of Lands of Inheritance for the Ufe of the faid Corporation, not exceeding, as afore— faid, the yearly Rent of twelve Thoufand Pounds, clear of Reprizes. And, for the more effectual tranfaeting the Affairs of the faid Corporation, the faid Committee are impowered to chufe, and, at their Pleafure, to remove all Officers and Ser— vants to be employed in the faid intended Hof- pital, other than Phyficians, Surgeons, Clerk, and Chaplain, that are elected by the general Court, and to appoint fuch Salaries, or Other Re- wards, for their refpee‘live Services, as they {hall judge proper, and to take in fuch poor, lick, and maimed Perfons, under their Care, as they fliall judge Objects of Compaflion ; and to make fuch Provifion for their Maintenance and Cure as they lhall think necelTary, and to manage'and. determine all Affairs by themfelves, or their De— puties, as are necelfary for the carrying on f0 great and good a Work : Provided, neverthelefs, that the. Tranfaftions and Accounts of the faid: Prefident, Treafurer, and Committees, and PCP fons deputed by them, be fubje€t to the Infpeéti- on and Controul of fuch Governors, as lhall, by the Laws of the Corporation, be appOinted for that Purpofe. ' And to the Intent that there ne- VCI‘ may be wanting a fuflicient Number of Go- vernorsfor perpetuating the Succeflion of the faid Corporation, . and ’for fupplying the feveral Places of Prefident,-Treafi1rer, and Committees: It iafurther enacted, That it {hall be lawful for a Court of Committee of the faid Corpora- tion, from Time to Time, to Chufe a Perfon, or Perfons, to beiGovernor or Governors for a corn tinual'Supplyof Vacancies, fo as the Number of Governors neverexeeed fixty. And, in Cafe it mouldihere‘aifter happen that the Number of Go— vernorsiexceed not forty,- then, and intfuch Cafe, it lhall be lawful for the Lord Chancellor, Lord Keeper, or ’CommifliOners of the Great Seal, , Lord: Chief Jultiees of the King’seBéucb. and Com- man-Pleat, and Lord Chief Baron of. the Ext/ae- giier, or‘any two of them, at the Requ’ei‘t: of five or more Of the .GOVernors, .to chufe and appoint f0 many Perfon's as {hall make up the Number of 50‘. . malt isalfo further ena&ed,~_That it'ihall be law- ful for the Prefident and Governors,"~ in a gene- ral Court afi‘emblcd, to‘make ByslaWS,‘ for the better Government of the faid Corporation, 1?) that fuch Ordinances be not repugnant to the Laws of the Kingdom. And that, at all general Courts, :and'thofe of Committees, the Prefident '. .. . ’ and. ."BOpkET. g r a ’l .54 ‘3 1 ; 1 Chap. XXVII. and Treafurer, for the Time being, {hall not on- ly aét and vote as Members of the fame, but, likewife, in Cafe of an Equality of Votes, the faid Prefident, or, in his Abfence, the Treafurer, to have the cafiing Vote. And it {hall be lawful for the faid Prefident and Governors, to ereét a Statue or Statues, and'Monument or Monu- ments, for perpetuating the Memory of the ge— nerous and charitable Aéti'ons of the faid Thomas Guy, provided the Expence thereof do not exceed, .. the Sum of two Thoufand Pounds: And this, by the Authority aforefaid, is to be deemed a public Aét, and, as fuch, to be obferved in all Courts of Juf’tice, and elfewhere, and to be given in Evidence in the Trial of any Caufe Whatfoever, Without fpecial Pleading of the fame. This Corporation was no fooner ef‘tablilhed by Parliament, than the Prefident and Governors fet heartily about the Work, by finifhing and fur- niihing the Hofpital, chufing their Oflicers and Servants, and taking in Patients; whofe Num- ber, at firft, to fulfil the Will of the Founder, a- mounted to four ..Hundred and two. And, for the more effectual preventing the inferior Servants of the Hofpital from preying upon poor Patients, or their Friends, have granted them fuch confi- derable Salaries, that they can handfomely fub- fif’t upon their Wages, without impofing upon any Perfon, as will appear by the following Ac— count : - A Li/t of the Ofieer: and Servants helenging to Guy’s Hefpital, with an Account of their reflbefti‘ve Sala- ries and Wages yearly. - l. s. d. The Treafurer -—————— 00 o o The Clerk —- ——- -— 40 0 0 The Steward -— ——- 80 0 0 The Chaplain ——- ~— 80 0 0 Two Phyficians, 401. each —-- 80 o 0 Two Surgeons, 401. each ~- 80 o o The Apothecary -—-—-—- 80 o ‘0 The Surgeryman 30 0 o The Apothecary’s two Servants 78 o o The Butler, with his Horfe 67 2 8 The Cook, and her Servant 32 . 0 o The Porter 3 5 0 0 The Beadle -——- -———- 30 0 o The Matron 50 o 0 Eleven Sifters, 251. each 275 o 0 Eight Nurfes, 16 1. each —- I28 0 0 Twelve Watch-women, 101. 8 5. each 124 I6 0 One Brother belonging to the Luna— ' tics ~— 35 o 0 One SifiICI‘ belonging to ditto 25 0 0 —_—.—.‘—u———. Sum Total 1349 I8 8 ' And, to ihew the great Advantage refulting to the Public from this Hofpital, I fhall fubjoin a feptenary Account of the ,fick and impotent Perfons, that‘have been admitted, difeharged, died," and remained in the faid Hofpital during that Space of Time. 'fljeptenary fleeonnt of Guy’s Hofioital.‘ . Years. Admit. Difc. Buried. Rem. I1728 , I544 I276 204 410 '1729 1884 I572 274 403 2'1730 I75I I5I4 214, 398 ' _1731 17:4 1506 210 401 1732 1800 I468 296 417 ’ I733 I954 I683 258 417 ' I734 I755 I524 I57 384 12402 10543 1613 2830 bu”- , The Number of Patients in this Hofpital, on the 27th of 7aly, 1738., amounted to four llum ,“,,T/ae French "fie/pita]: dred andfix; that of the outhatients to fix? teen Hundred ; and the Sum total, difburfed (an Account of the .Houfe in the Year I7 37,- to 79781. 14s. 1d. ' T 0 this Hofpital; as ,aforefaid, belong fix‘t‘y Governors, who chufe the feveral Officers and Servants above fpecified. To which I flialladd, that the Houfe' contains twelve Wards, and four Hundred and thirty-five Beds. , .. ' A Chapel, divers Houfes and Offices," being {till wanting for the Ufe of this Hofpital,'th‘e Governors have lately taken a Leafe of an addi- tional Spot of Ground, whereon to ereét a Square ‘, for which, with the former, they annually pay to St. Thamas’s Hofpital the Sum of 901. And, by what has been faid, it appears, that, as Mr. Guy was a Man of an unbounded Chari: ty and univerfal' Benevolence, f0 was he like- wife a great Patron of Liberty, and the Rights of his Fellow—Subjeé‘ts , which, to his great Ho— nour, he firenuoufly afl'erted in divers Parlia— ments, whereof he was a Member, and a Repre- fentative for the Borough of Tamworth, in Staf4 ford/hire. To which Corporation, befides his e- recting the abovementioned Alms-Houfe and Li— brary, he was a general Benefaftor. However, by a firang‘e Infatuation, the Inhabitants fufiered themfelves to be cajoled into the .Eleétion of ano- ther Reprefentative; but, foon becoming fenfible of their Ingratitude and ungenerous Treatment of their belt Friend, fent a Deputation to beg Par- don for their pafl' OPfence, and to intreat him to permit them to rechufe him, at the enfuing Elec— tion, to reprefent them in Parliament. This Of- fer he jui’tly rejefied, and never appeared in Par-’ liament again, by Reafon of his great Age. The Gentlemen, incorporated by the faid A& of Parliament to perform the Truf’t repofed in them by the Tefiator, were, Sir Gregory Page, Bart. Charles 7oye and lI/illiam Clayton,Efqrs. Dr; Richard Mead, Mofer Raper, Efq; and Mr. 7ehn Sprint, together with Benjamin Braine, Thomas Clarice, and the ref’t of the Gentlemen appointed by the Tefiator’s Will, beforerecited. Ofieer; in Guy’s Helpital. Sir Edward Halfe, Prefident. Dr. B. flvery, LLD. Treafurer. Dr. Matt. Clarke, Dr. Freahe, Dr. Nat. Afanehley; Phyficians. S. Sharpe, :7. Belehier, 7ofl Warner, Surgeons. R. Poole Finch, Chaplain. / Nat. Neal, Clerk. Benjamin Steele, Apothecary; \ :7. Catlin, Steward. 3‘. Parker, Accomptant. The French Hoflital. H I S ' Hofpital, which is fituate contiguOUS to the Pefi—Houfe on the fouth Side of the Parifh of St. Lake, was erected in the Year 1717,- and the Governors thereof, by Letters Patent of .the 4th of King George I. in 1718, were confli- tuted a Body Politic and Corporate, by the Ap: pellation of the Governor and the Direé'tors of the Hofpital for the poor French Protei’tants, and their Defcendants, refiding in Great Britain. This Hofpital at prefent contains two Hun“ cited and twenty poor helplefs Men and Women, one Hundred and forty-fix whereof, who are up- on the Foundation, are plentifully fupplied With all the NecelTaries of Life, at the Expence of this Hofpital; but the other Seventy—four are, paid for by their Friends, at the Rate of 91. aYear each. This Charity alfo extends to Lunatics, for whofe Accommodation 3- large Infirmary is pro‘ Vided. , ' To this Foundation belong a Chaplain, Phye fician, Surgeon, and other proper Oflicers, who " carefully e 7.7 :78 77.76 (bakers Ila/pita]. carefully attend the Pcnfioners, and adminifter to their feveral Necel'fities. Bancroft’: Flo/pita]. HIS’ beautiful Houfe, School, and Chapel, I fituate at [Wile—End, were erected by the ompany of Drapers of this City, in the Year 1735, purfuant to the Will of Francis Bancroft, of the 18th of Marcia, in 1727, who bequeathed to the faid Company about the Sum of 270001. in real and perfonal Efiates, in Trul’t, for pur- chafing a Site, and building thereon an Alms- , Houfe with convenient Apartments for Twenty- four Alms-Men, a Chapel and School-Room, for one Hundred poor Boys, and two Dwelling- Houfes for the Mailers of the faid School, and for endowing the fame. He likewife ordered that each of his Twenty- four Alms-Mtn lhould have eight Pounds, and half a Chaldron of Coals yearly, and a Gown of Baiz every third Year ; and the School-Boys to be cloathed, and taught to read, write, and ac- ‘ count, for which the two Maf’ters are to have a Salary of thirty Pounds a Year each, with their refpeétive Houfes to dwell in, and twenty Pounds yearly, for Coals and Candles for the Ufe of the {aid Mailers and School ;, with a fufficient Allow- ance for Books, Paper, ‘Pens, and Ink. Five Pounds for a Dinner to the Committee of the . Court of Aflifiance, at their annual Vifitation of the faid School and Alms-Houfe -, three Pounds ten Shillings for two half—yearly Sermons, to be preached in the Parilh Churches of St. Helen and St. Alicbzzel Corn/ail], or elfewhere, in Commemo— ration of this Foundation: For which the Mi— nil’ter is to have Twenty, the Reader Ten, and the Clerks and Sextons two Shillings and fix Pence each, for each Sermon -, ' at which are to be pre- fent the Alms-Men and Boys, who are to be ca— techized by the Reader on all fuch Occafions. And the Boys, when put out Apprentices, to have, four Pounds given with each -,, but, if to Service, only two Pounds ten Shillings. to buy them Cloaths, by which and other Charges,I imagine the Whole of this Foundation does annually amount to eight hundred Pounds, which is to_be increaf- ed, or decreafed, according to the Produce of the Ef’tate. As the Reader undoubtedly will. be delirous to; learn fomething of the Perfon, to whom this Foundation owes its Origin, I {hall acquaint him that the Founder, Francis Bancroft, was for many Years one of the Lord Mayor’s Officers of this City -, who, in the Execution of his Office, by In— formations and Summoning the Citizens before the Lord Mayor, upon. the melt trifling Occafi~ ons, and for many Things not. belonging to his Oflice, not only pillaged the Poor, but like- . wife many of the Rich, who, rather than lofe 1 Time in appearing before the faid Magif’trate, gave Money‘to get rid of this common Pel’t of g the Citizens, which, together with his numerous Qiarterages from Brokers, {9%. annually amafl'ed to a confiderable Sum of Money.. By thofe and other mercenary Prafi‘ices, he f0 effectually incurred the Hatred and Ill-will of the Citizens of all Denominations, that the Perfons who attended his Funeral Obfequies, With great Difficulty, faved hisCorpfe from being joltled off the Bearers Shoulders in the Church by the in- 1.' raged Populace, who, feizing the Bells, rang them for Joy at his unlamented Death; a De- portment heretofore unheard of among the Lon. don Rabble. Bancroft’s Monument in the Church of St. He- len Biflwpfgateflreet, which is of a fquare Sepul- chral Form, has the following Infeription : ‘ The Ground Whereon this Tomb fiands, was . a . ‘ purchafed of this Parilh', in the Year I72 3, by ‘ Francis Bmzcraft, Efq; for the Interment of him- ‘ felf and Friends only, and was confirmed to him, ‘ by a Faculty from the Dean and Chapter of St. ‘ Paul’s, London, the fame Year; and in his Lifea ‘ time he erected this Tomb, in 1726, and fettled ‘ Part of his Eftate in London and Middh’fex, for ‘ beautifyingand keeping the fame in Repair for ‘ ever.’ , Emanuel Hofpz’mi. HIS Hofpital fituate at Totbz'li Side, in Weft?- '3 minfler, was founded by the Lady Dam: on , the 27th of Deceméer, in 1601, for twenty aged lingle Men and Women ; fixteen whereof are to be of St. Margaret’s Wqflmz'nfier, two of Hayes, and two of Cine/fed Parilhes ; each of whom have an Allowance of IO 1. a Year, with the Liberty of bringing up a poor Child. The City of London has thisCharity in Truft, and receives yearly two Hundred Pounds for its Support, illuing out of the Manor of Bram/[lur- ton in the County of York, till the Expiration of a Leafe of one Hundred and ninety~five Years, when, the whole Manor, as it is. faid above 6001. a Year, is deviled for the Augmentation of this F ounda- tiom And, according to certain Confiitutions made by the Executors of the Founders, no Per~ fon of ill Fame, or fuch as cannot fay the Creed and ten Commandments in. Enng/b, or under fifty Years of Age, nor fuch as have not inha- bited three Years in the faid Parilhes, to be ad- mitted upon this Foundation. Some Time ago the Court of Lord Mayor and Aldermen of this City caufed to be erected, at the upper End of this Hofpital, a handfome School Houfe and Dormitory for the Reception. of twenty poor Boys and, Girls, who were taken into the fame on the 24th of 7am in 17g 5 ; they are plentifully fupplied with all the Necelfaries, of Life; the Boys are taught to read, write, and account; and the Girls. to read, write, and plain ‘ Work. Jefferies’s Aims-Haufi'. H I S large and handfome Building fituate in Kingfland—Rozzd, confifting of a fpacious Front, with two Wings and a Chapel, was ereéted- by the Company of Ironmongers ‘ in the Year 1.712, purfuant to the Will, of R056” j’qflrz’es, fome Time Lord Mayor of this City, for the Re- ception of as many of the Founder’s Relations. as lhould apply for this Charity ;. and, in Defect of inch, for fifty-fix poor Members. of the Com- pany, who, belides a convenient Room and Part. of a'Cellar, have each 6.1. and. a Gown yearly. Lock Hofpiml in Kent-Street. H I S Hofpital, fituate at the South-call: Corner of Kent-flier: in Sozttlawar/c, was an- tiently a Houfe for the Reception and Cure of *Lepers: However, at prefent it belongs to the H‘ofpital of Bartholomew in this City, and is em: ployed for the Cure of its Venereal Patients. The Quilters Flo/pita]. 5, . , ‘HIS'Houfe which ligands in Bridewe]! 'W’alk,‘ . Clerkenwcll, being both an Hofpital and ,Work-houfe, contains eighteen old Men, but “not confined to any Number, and Women, who are provided with all the Necefi‘aries of Life, in a very clean and decent Manner ; as are alfo forty Boys, and twenty Girls, who befides are not only taught Reading, Writing, and Arithmetic, but ’likewife, to inure their young Fingers early to Labour, are taught to fpin, few, knit -, and the Boys, when put out Apprentices, haVe 5 1. given with each. Thefe Children who are cloathed in very Good Cloth and Callimancoes, are not, like >V‘Jv‘ other Book I". other Charity-Children, permitted to {troll and ramble about out of School Hours 3 but when it is judged convenient to divert, or'air them in the Field, they are attended by their Matters and Mif’crefi‘es, therefore have not the leai‘t Opportunity of committing any Irregularity. This Houfe is fupported at the Charge of about 6001. a Year. Raine’s Hofpital. H 1.8 fiately Hofpital fituate in Fate/don- Field:,,in the Parilh of St. George Rateli e- I-Izghway, was erected, in the Year I 7 37, by Hen- ry Raine, a Brewer, who, by a Deed of Gift, en- dowed the fame with a perpetual Annuity of 2401. i'77’he‘ Eire of London; £79 a Year, and, as an Addition to the fame, gavethé ~ ’” Sum of 4.0001. in South-Sea Annuities amount- ing to about 4.400 1. tobe laid out in a Purchafe. This Hofpital maintains forty-eight Girls who are taken out of the Parilh Schools, ' almol’t con: tiguous, which was not only ereéted in the Year 1719, by the faid Mr. Raine, at the Expence of about 200p l. but he likewife endowed the fame with a perpetual Annuity of 601. The Children are fupplied with all the Neceflaries of Life, and taught to read, write, few, and Houfhold-Work, to qualify them for Service, to which they are put, after having been three Years upon the F oundation.] CHAPt XXVHL fin flccount of the a’reaa’fhi Fire of London, Anno i666; the" Damage a’one hy it computed. The Rehuilding thereof, with the feveral A67: of Parliament made for that Purpofe. The Content: of them. 1472 A67 of Common Council, from Fire. London ég'nfi- E have hitherto been employed in a ge- iie’ed "3 "S U V neral Perambulation of our City ; walk- ate Ruins by - . . Fire. mg as it were about it from Place to Place, to :7- S. view and obferve the public and melt remark- able Parts and Buildings of it. In the next Place, we fliould take another and a more particular Cognizance of the faid City, in every Ward, and of every Street, Lane, Church, Hall, and more notable Houfe in each. But, before we come to do that, we {hall enter into one Confideration more of London, reprefenting it, not, as before we faw it, in its Strength and Glory, but in its Ruins; and lhew you a rueful Speétacle of this noble Metropolis in Flames, and foon after lying flat in its Aihes.] For as, in the Year1665, it pleafed God to fend a {weeping Plague upon this City, by which there, died in London and the Liberties, in one Year, fixty-eight Thoufand five Hundred and ninety- fix Perfon's, befides thofe that died of other Dif- eafes i So the very next Year a fad and lamen- table Fire broke out on a Sunday Morning, being the fecond Day of September ; which, by Wednef- day Morning, being the fifth Day, burned down to the Ground all the Buildings and Edifices which Pcood upon the Qiantity of three Hundred Acres of Ground] But in the Inferiptions on the Monument, fet up in Remembrance of this Fire, it is computed to g) be four Hundred and thirty~fix Acres lying in ums. . Of the Beginning, Progrefi, and End of this Fire. Out of a true exaé‘t Relati- on, printed 1666. y. s. The Extent of the Fire. R. B. y. s. Itwas about one or two a Clock in the Morn— ing, this fad and deplorable Fire happened firf’t ’ of all at a Baker’s Houfe in Pudding-Lane near New P‘th—fi‘reet : Which, falling out in a Part of the City clofely built with wooden Houfes, and a narrow Lane, propagated itfelf to far before Day, and with fuch Violence, that it bred a kind of Dif’traétion and Stupidity in the Inhabitants and Neighbours near it; f0 that they took not that Care which they might otherwife have done, to {top the further Diffufion of it, by pulling down Houfes, as ought to have been done; where— by it came to pafs, that in a ihort Time it grew too big to be maf‘tered by any Engines or other Labour. And, being fomented by a violent ealterly Wind, it kept burning in fucha raging Manner all Sunday and Sunday Night, that it fpread itfelf by Monday Morning, up Grace-Chureh-flreet to Lom- 'hara’»_/treet, and to St. Swithin’s Church in Candle- wick-firm, and downwards from Candlewick—firm How and whither it fpread. , Place where the Fire began, is erected a molt no-’ for preventing ana’fupfirefling Fires; Jig/urance of Hon/e: to the Water-fide, as far as the Three-Crane: in the Vintry ; and eafizward, though more flowly, it crept beyond Billinfgate. The Valtnefs of this Fire was fuch, that it made the amazed and dil2 traéted People mind only to preferve their own Goods and Commodities, and to fecure their par: ticular Concerns ; and eVen that few could do, by reafon of the hafiy Rage of the Flames, none fcarcely making any Attempts now to quench it. It continued all Monday and Tue/day with-fucli Impetuofity, that, by Ten of the Clock on Tuef- day Night, the Houfes and Churches, all along‘ Cornhi/l, Cheapfia'e, Paul ’s Church—yard, Ludgate— flreet, Fleet—flreet, and f0 almofl: all the Breadth of the City from South to North, to St. Dun; flan’s Church on this fide Temple-ham were ut— terly confumed. About which Time the Wind flackened, and that Night, by the Vigilancy, In- dufiry,‘ and indefatigable Pains of his Majel’ty and his Royal Highnefs the Duke of York, calling upon all People, and encouraging them by their perfonal Aflif’tances’, and blowing up of‘Houfes, at length a Stop was put to the Fire in Fleet-flreet, the Inner Temple, and Fetter—lane; at Holhorn- hria’ge, Pie-Corner, Alderfgate, Cripplegate; at the lower End of Ba/inghaZl-jtreet, by the Po/iern; at the upper End of Coleman-firm -, at the End of Bifhopfgateflreet, and LeadenhaZl-fireet -, at the Standard in Corizhill; at the Church in Fenehurcha flreet, in . Mneing-lane, near Cloth'wor/zers—hall, about the Middle of Mark—lane, and at the Tower— a’oek. But on Wednefday Night it fuddenly broke out afrelh in "the Inner Temple; which happened, as is fuppofed, by Flakes of Fire falling into the Gutters of the Buildings. But, his Royal High- nefs in Perfon fortunately watching there that Night, and by his feafonable Commands for the blowing up fome of the faid Buildings, it was ex- .tinguilhed before Day, after it had laid level with the Ground Tanfield Court, Parfons Court, and the Building in the Church-yard, and done fome lite tle Damage in the Church and Hall. V _ Upon New Fi/h-flreet-hili eaf’tWard, riear‘ the The Mofid._ ment created in Memory of the F ire. ble and lofty triumphal Column, commonly cal- led the Monument, rel’ting upon a fquare Bafis of Stone, having large Infcriptions engraVen on" It of the Story of the Fire; wherein amongother Things isi-mentio’ned, that the City was fet On Fire by popifh‘ Treachery: WhiCh Words were af- terwards by public Order e’rafed. But, upon the Revolution, they were engraVen again, and f0 they hand] Th ‘ 3 4B 28° rte Fire of Lona“- The Damage ”The Damage done by this Fire is thus compu- done by the ted:Burntandconfumedtwelve‘Thoufand Houfes, J within the Walls of the City, and above one» Fire. R. B. A Camputa- tion of the Damages full Rained by the Fire. n Ef’timate o Loffcs. :7. Lghum. Thou’fand morewithout the Walls, but all of them within the Freedom and Liberty of London -, that is, in all thirteen Thoufand, or, as others, thirteen Thoufand two Hundred Houfes. There were alfo deitroyed the Cathedral Church of St. Paul’s, which at that Time was new building, and, as to the Stone—Work, almol’t finifhed : Al- {0 eighty-{even Parilh Churches, and fix confe— ‘crated Chapels 3 molt of the principal and pub- lic Edifices : As the great Guild-hall, wherein were nine feveral Courts belonging to the City ‘; the Royal Exchange, the King’s Caflom—Houfl; jufiz'ce-Hall, where the Sefiions were kept eight or nine Times in the Year for the Trial of Mur- derers, F elons,.and other Malefaétors ; the four Prifons 3 four of the principal Gates of the City; and fifty Halls of Companies; molt of which "Were mofl: magnificent Structures and Palaces. The whole Damage fufiained by this F ire‘ is a]- mol’t incredible. Yet, to make *fome Computation, that which follows is the Method that hath been taken. do flteoaat of the eta/l Damage and Spoil made h} the fore—mentioned Conflagratioa. That the Reader may the better judge of the Damages done by this Fire, fome have computed the thirteen Thoufand odd hundred Houfes burnt and deitroyed to be worth, one with another, 251. yearly Rent; which, at the low Rent of twelve years Purchafe, will, in the Whole, amount unto three Millions and nine hundred thoufand Pounds Sterling, and upwards. And, for the other Works of public Concern, they have been thus moderately el’timated. A Tahle of Eflz’mater. In Houfes burnt as aforefaid —- 3,900,000 In Churches and other public Edifices as follow : The eighty-{even Parilh Churches, at 30001. each —— 261,000 Six Chapels, at 20001. each —- 12,000 The Royal'Exehaage, at —- ——- 50,000 The King’s Cuflom-Hoaje, at --—— 10,000 The fifty-two Halls of Companies, at 15001. each Three of the City Gates, at 3000]. each -——-— 78,000 9,000 The Gaol of Newgate -——- 15,000 Four Stone Bridges -——- --—-- 6,000 The Seflz'oar-Hoa/e — —- 7,000 The Guild-Hall, and Courts and Ofli- ’ ces belonging to it —- -———- 40,000 Blackwell Hall — —— 3,000 Bridewell —- --- -- 5,000 Poultry Compter —- — 5,000 Wood/treet Compter —- —— 3,000 504,000 To which add, ToWards the Building of St. Paul’s Cathedral ’ 2,000,000 The Wares, Houfhold-i’tufi‘, Monies, and other moveable Goods, loft and fpoiled, may probably amount to 2,000,000 In the Hire of Porters, Carts, Wag- gons, Barges, Boats, 8:. for re-' moving, carrying: and recarrying of Wares, Hou old-fluff and the like, during the Time of the Fire, and fome {mall Time after, may well be reckoned at --—-— 200,000 —-—_ 4,200,000 .‘ _. ,. , 'l. Brought over ‘ 4,200,000 In Printed Books, and Paper in {live- ‘ ral Shops and Warehoufes -- 1 50,000 in Wine, Tobacco, Sugar, Plums, 55c. of which the City was at that . Time very full 1,500,000 I 5,850,000 For public Works enjoined by Aft of Parliament. , For cutting a navigable Channel from the Thames to Holhora-Bridge -- 27,000 For a Monument to be ereéted near to the Place where the Fire began. 14, 500 419500 Melioration Money paid to feveral Proprietors, who had their Ground taken away, for the making of Wharfs, enlarging of Streets, mak& ing of new Streets and Market. Places, 5523!. All which Particulars, *vz'z. 1. For Houfes burnt 3,900,000 For public Edifices burnt 9 39,000 For Lolfes fuf’tained in Monies and in Goods burnt, and in Carriage and Removing, and by St. Paul’s Church being then almoi’t new built 5,8 50,000 For public 'Works enjoined tobe done by Aft of Parliament For Melioration 41,500 —— The Sum of all -— 10,730,500 Of the flraage Conmrreme of feveral Caafer, hap- pening at the fame Time, omflom’ag the Fire fa vigoroafly to [Mead and increafe. Efides the fupine Negligence of the People, B whether Mailer or Servants, of the Houfe, where this dreadful Conflagration began; next unto God’s jul‘t Judgments, for the heinous cry- ing Sins of this Nation and City in particular; fome have made Enquiry into other natural Caufes, which might occafion fuch a general Ruin, from fo fmall a Beginning: And, Fir/l, They confider the Time of the Night when it firfi began, viz. between One and Two of the Clock after Midnight, when all were in a dead Sleep. Secondl , It was Saturday Night, when many of the mofi: eminent Citizens, Merchants, and others were retired into the Country, and none but Ser- vants left to look to their City Houfes. ‘ Thirdl , .It was in the long Vacation, being that particular Time of the Year, when many wealthy Citizens and Tradefmen are wont to be in the Country at Fairs, and getting in of Debts, and making up Accounts with their Chapmen. Fourthly, The Clofenefs of the Building, and Narrownefs of the Street in the Places where it began, did much facilitate the Progrefs of the Fire, by hindering of the Engines to be brought to play upon the Houfes on Fire. Fz'fthly, The Matter of which the Houfes, all thereabouts, were, *vz'z. Timber, and thofe very old. . Sixthly, The Drynefs of the preceding Seafon ; there having been a great Drought even to that very Day, and all the Time that the Fire conti- nued, which had fo dried the Timber, that it was never more apt to take Fire. Seventhly, The Nature of the Wares and Com- modities, flowed and vended in thofe Parts, were the mof’t combufiible of any other fold in the whole City :1 As Oil, Pitch, Tar, Cordage, HFTP’ 2 . ax, Book I. Chap. XXVI”; .fl' Flax, Rofin, Wax, Butter, Cheefe, Wine, BranL dy, Sugar, €590. Eighthly, An eal’terly Wind, which is the chief: of all others, had blown for feveral Days toge— ther before, and at that Time very firongly. Ninthly, The unexpected Failing of the Water thereabouts at that Time ; for the Engine at the north End of London Bridge, called the ,Thnmes Water-Tower, which fupplied all that Part of the City with Thames Water, was out of Order, and in a few Hours was itfelf burnt down, f0 that the Water Pipes, which conveyed the Water from thence through the Streets, were foon empty. Laflly, An unufual Negligence at firlt, and :1 Confidence of eafily quenching it, and of its {top- ping at feveral prObable Places afterwards, turn- ed at length into a Confufion, Confiernation, and Defpair; People chufing rather by Flight to fave their Goods, than by a vigorous Oppofition to law their own Houfes and the whole City. To all which Reafons muff not be paft over the general, Sufpicion, that moi’t then had, of Incené diaries laying combul’tible Stuff in many Places, having obferved divers difiant Houfes to be on F ire» together. And many were then taken up up- on Sufpicion. " Having now given the Reader this brief View and Account of the Condition the City of Lon- don was in, until Anna I666 3 and how in that Year, by a dreadful Conflagration, the greatel’t —Part of it was buried in its own Alhes -, let it relt in this ruinous Condition, till I acquaint you how, and by what Means, it came'to be rebuilt, in that magnificent, fubl’tantial, and beautiful Manner, as now it is : With its Cathedral and Parochial Churches, Gates, Halls, public Edifices, €9’e. And of all fuch additional Buildings, new Streets, Mar— kets, Courts, and other Ornaments enjoined, fuch as the like before were never erected: And this {hall be our next Work. Several Things premzjed and enntted hefere the Be- ginning ef the Rebuilding 0f the City of London, neeeflnry thereunto, Anno XIX, 53’ Anno XXII, ; Caroli II. Regis. OR the preventing Inundations, and for Eafi- nefs of Afoent, be it enacted, that the Street called Thames-fired, and all the Ground between the fame Street and the River of Thames, fliall be raifed and made higher by three Feet, at the leaf’t, above the Surface of the Ground as now it lieth. Now therefore, for the bringing of the Ground unto a nearer Level than formerly it was, at a Meeting of the Commiffioners and Surveyors dnno I667, appointed by Act of Parliament, there were by them made and ‘i‘fiiled out thefe following Pitching and Levelling the Streets and Lands of the City of London, and Lihertie’r, for the more (:de2 and convenient Current and Conveyance of the Water thereof; a: alfo for the erfier Paying of Carts, Code/yer, 25cc. 1. ~ 0 WE R-doel; in Thames—firm is to be raifed three Feet. At one Hundred and forty-{even Feet upwards from Thames—firearm be raifed two Feet ten Inches ', at the highefl: Part in Tower-flreet againfi the .Middle of St. .fllhal- low: Barking Church- ard, to be funk fixInChes. 2. Beer-lane is to e raifed, at Thames-fireet, eight Feet -, at ninety Feet upwards, four Feet; and to be abated, at one Hundred and ninety-two Feet upwards, three Inches ; and at Tower-flreet fix Inches. 3. l/VnterJnne is to be raifed, at Thamesjlreet, on” no,” Rein/nag in City. ’ fix Feet; at eighty-three Feet upwards, nothing ; and to be abated, at one Hundred and twenty: 4 eight Feet upwards, one Foot eleven Inches; at Towereflreet, abate two Feet. . 4. Harp-lane is to be raifed, in Thames-fired, feven F eet; at one Hundred Feet upwards, four Feet feven Inches -,'and to be abated, at one Hun- dred and eighty Feet, one Foot fix Inches; at two Hundred and feventy F eet,’ three Feet four Inches 3,» at Towerwflreet, two Feet fix Inches. 5. Idle-lane is to be raife’d, in Thames-fireet, feA ven Feet , at ninety Feet upwards, four Feet two Inches -, and to be abated, at one Hundred and fixty—five Feet upwards, two Feet three Inches ; at two Hundred and fixty-two Feet, three Feet ten Inches ; in Tower-jireet, two Feet fix Inches. be raifed four Feet two Inches; at feventy-fix Feet upwards, three Feet three Inches 5 at one Hundred and twenty-fix Feet, one F cot, and to be abated, at two Hundred and tWen‘ty—fix F eet, two Feet one Inch 5 at Tower‘jlreet, one Foot ten Inches. . e 7. St. Mary-hill is to be raifed, in Thane:- jtreet, five Feet; at eighty—{even Feet upwards, two Feet fix Inches, and to be abated, at one‘Hun» dred and eighty—{even Feet, one Foot eight In-’ ches ; at two Hundred and eighty-feven, fiVe Feet eight Inches ; at three Hundred and eighty- feven, five Feet -, at Little Enflrhenp, one F 00% fix Inches. 8. Lave—lane is to be railed, in Thaines~jlreet,- four F eet; at one Hundred Feet upwards, two Feet fix Inches ; at two Hundred, two Feet three Inches, and to be abated, at two Hundred and feventy Feet, three Feet ten Inches 3 at three Hundred and feventy Feet, three F eet; at four Hundred and feventy Feet, two F ’eet; at Edficheap; three Feet ten Inches. I '9. Buttolph’s-lane is to be railed, at Thamesjtreet, four F eet; at one Hundred and thirty—three Feet upwards, four Feet five Inches ; at two Hundred and thirty-three Feet, ten Inches 5 and to be abat- ed, at three Hundred and thirty-three Feet, two ' F eet; at four Hundred and thirty-three Feet, two I. For the Levelling of Hills, Streets, and Lanes. ' Feet -, at Enjlehenp, three Inches; ' IO; Pudding—Lane is to be raifed, in Thames—.- flreet, fix Feet; at one Hundred and fifteen Feet, four Feet five Inches ; at two Huridre'd and twelve Feet, one Foot eight Inches -, and to be abated, at three Hundred F eet, one Foot; at four Hun- dred Feet, two Feet g. at Eigfirheap, five Feet nine Inches; ‘ . ‘ ' I I. New Fi/h-flre‘e‘t-hill is to be raifed, at Thames-finer, two F eet; at eighty Feet u wards, two Feet; and to be abated, at two Hun red and eighty Feet, nothing ; at three Hundred and eighty Feet, one Foot nine Inches; at Eaflchedp, ‘ three Feet. Rules and Direttionr preferihed and made, for the ' 1 2-. St. Michael’s-lane is to be railed, in Thames- flreet, feven Feet; at eighty Feet upwards, fix Feet nine Inches 5 at two Hundred and eighty Feet, fix Feet fix Inches j at three Hundred and eighty Feet, two Feet ten Inches; and to be abated, at four Hundred and eighty Feet, eight Inches; at Edflrhedp, five Inches; the Current of it is thirs teen Inches upon twenty F test. I 3. St. .Mnrtids-lnne is to be raife’d, in Thames: fireet, fix F eet; at one Hundred and three Feet, fix Feet ; at two Hundred and three Feet) four Feet three Inches; at three Hundred and three Feet, two Inches 3' and to be abated, at four Hens dred and three Feet, two F set one Inch g- at Can:- nan-flreet, one Foot. , 14. St. Laurence-Pountney-lnne is to be raifed, in Themerz/treet, four Feet; at 9336 Hundred and fifty—feVen Feet, three Feet {even Inches ; and abated, at two Hundred and fixtyaone Fact, ea late“ 6. St. Dnnflnn’s‘hill, beginning at Idle-lane, is to . a8”: 282'. ‘ goneFoot. Order: about Reéallflz'ag the City.- élcven 'Inehes; at three Hundred and flirty-one Feet, four Feet -, at Cannon-finer, one Foot. ‘L5. Green-Lattice and ,Da'c‘h-fielrl—lane: are to be raifed, at Tbames-flrm‘fihree Feet ; at one Hun-p tired and thirty-five Feet, one Foot ten Inches ; and abated, at two Hundred and thirty-five Feet, two Feet eleven Inches ; at two Hundred and ninety-feven Feet, four Feet five Inches ; at three Hundred and ninety-feven Feet, four Feet five Inches; at Cannon-finer, ten Inches. 16. Safalk-lcme is to be raifed, in Thames—firm, three Feet; at one Hundred and ten Feet upwards, two Inches ; and to be abated, at one Hundred and ninety Feet, three Feet fix Inches; at two Hundred and ninety Feet, feven Feet nine In- ‘ches ; at the Entrance into Ducks—field—lane, four Feet and four Inches. ' I7. Bu/la-ldne is to be raifed, in Thames-flreet, ’three Feet; at one Hundred and three Feet, two Feet ; and to be abated, at two Hundred and three Feet, eight Inches ; at three Hundred and three Feet, four Feet four Inches -, in Cannon-firm, n0— thing. _ -r 8. Dowgate is to be raifed, in Thames-firm, ‘three Feet; at one Hundred and thirty-four Feet, one Foot four Inches ; raifed at Budge-row, one Foot. ' 19. College-billi’s to be raifed, at Thames-flreet, three Feet ; at two Hundred and fixteen Feet, -_three Inches ; the Current 1 upon 35. 20. Garlic-bill is to be raifed, at Tbames-flreet, three Feet ; at two Hundred and fixteen Feet, eleven Inches; the Current 1 upon 26. 2 I . Iiflle—‘frim‘ty-lane is to be raifed, in Thames- ,fireez‘, fOur Feet; at feventy-five Feet, two Feet eleven Inches; and to be abated, at one Hun- (1er and fifty Feet, one Foot four Inches ; at two ,Hundred and fifty Feet, two Feet -, at Great-Tri- nity-lane, one Foot fix Inches. ‘ 22. Huggm-laneis to be raifed, in Thames-firm, four Feet; at fixty-three Feet, three Feet one ,Inch; and abated, at one Hundred and fifty- ,three Feet, one Foot ten Inches; at two Hun— :dred andvfifty-three Feet, five Feet feven Inches; .at Trinity-lane, two Feet. ) 23. Bread-flreet—laz'll is to be raifed, in Thames- .fireet, four Feet ; at fifty-three Feet, three Feet; at one Hundred and fifty-three Feet, three Inches ; vand abated, -, at two Hundred and fifty-three ‘Feet, two Feet eleven Inches; at Triniry-laae End, two Feet. : , 24. Old Ezflaj/lreet-lgill is to be raifed, at 779mm:- jlreet, four Feet ; and abated, at Old Fl/b-jireet, . 25. LamleIh-laz'll is to be raifed, in Thames- Jlreet, four Feet; at feventy-three Feet, eleven ,Inches ; and to be abated, at one Hundred and (feventyethreeFeet, three Feet fix Inches ; at Old ‘Fi/lr-flreet, three Feet; Current, one Foot upon I J‘eventeen Feet and an Half. 26. The Old Change is to be abated, at Fl/li- flreet, one Foot «four Inches, and fo gradually up- wards. ' - 4 . 27. St..3Paul’s-cbaia, or St. Fermat’s-bill, is to be raifed, in Thames-firm, eight Feet; at one Hundred Feet, three Feet. And to be abated, at one Hundred and ninety Feet, two Feet five / ,Inches; at'three Hundred and forty Feet, three Feet; at four Hundred and ninety Feet, one Foot» In St. Paul’s Church-yard, as it was. 4 '28. Tbgmqrjlreel, at the F oot of Addle‘bz'll, is .to be railed fix Feet, and f0 gradually up the Hill. . 29. Paddlesdork is to_be railed, at Thames—firm End, eight Feet; at fiftyvfix Feet, fix Feet two ,‘Inches -, at one Hundred ,and ninety~.fix Feet, {three Feet three Inches; attwo ‘Hundred and , Eighty—fix F eet, three F eetgthree Inches ; at three .._Hundred andeighty-fixFeet, nine Inches. And 5 to be abated, at Carter-lam, one Foot {even Inches. 2 7 3o. Creed-lane, at Carter-lane End, is to be abated two Feet, and fo gradually to Ladgate-laill. 31'. Ludgaz‘e-laill is to be raifed, at Fleet-bridge, fix Feet; at two Hundred Feet upwards, eight Feet feven Inches; at three Hundred, Feet, five Feet two Inches and a Half; at four Hundred feet, eleven Inches. And to be abated, at Lud- gate, ten Inches -, at Ave-Mary-lane End, one Foot eight Inches ; at St. Paul’s Church-yard, nothing. 32. Mark-lane is to be abated, at the Ending in Tower—flreet, two Feet; and f0 gradually to about one Hundred Feet up the Lane. 33. Rood-lane is to be abated all the Length of ’it ; in Eaflclzmp, one Foot fix Inches ; in I'm- c/aurclz-flreet, nothing. 34.. Gracecburcla-jlreet is to be funk, at Eafl- cheap, three Feet; at the Conduit, one Foot; at Lombard-firm End, nothing. 35. Cannon-fired is to be abated, in Eaflc/aeap, at Gracetbarcb—fireet, three Feet. The highefl; Ground, at two Hundred Feet within the Street, near St. .Mz'claael’s-laae End. The other Parts of it are to be funk, according to the Endings of the Streets before—mentioned. 36. Bread-fired isto be abated, at Triaily—lane End, two Feet; at Walling-firm, nothing. 37. Friday—fired is to be abated, at Old Fi/la- flreet, two Feet ; at Watliag-jlreet, nothing. 38. C/aeapflde, about Wood-fired End, is to be raifed two Feet; and f0 gradually eaf’tward and wefiward; and that .Raifing to end at the Old Clarmge wefiward, and ‘Saper-lane eafiward. 39. The Stocks to be abated two Feet; and that Abatement to be gradually extended into Corn/Jill, Lombardjlreet, Tbreadneedle-jlreet, and the Poultry, and a little Way into Wallrroak ; which, about the fouth End of the Church-yard of St. Mary Wonk/aural), is .to be raifed about two Feet, that the Current of the Water that Way may be flopped, and turned back towards the Stories, whence it is to be conveyed by a grated Sewer into the main Sewer, not far difiant. 4o. Bqflrngall-jlreet is to be raifed, at Mafan’s— allay, two Feet; and f0 gradually northward and fouthward. 41. The Street of Aldermanbury, from the north Side of Aldermanbmy Church, to the north Side of Addle-flreet, is to be gradually funk. 4.2. Coleman—fires! is to be raifed, at the'Church, three Feet ; and that Raifing to be gradually ex- tended to London-wall on the North, and to Lot/:2- lury on the South. 43. Queen—fires! is to be raifed, at Three—Crane Stairs, three Feet; and f0 gradually to Saber-lane End. The Defcent of the Current is 1 upon 34.. II. For the Opem'ng and Enlarging offeveml Street: and public Paflages. Hereas many ancient Streets and Paffages, within the City of London and Liberties thereof, were narrow and incommodious for Car- riages and PalTengers, and prejudicial to the Trade and Health of the Inhabitants ; and are neceiTary to be enlarged, as well for the Convenience as Ornament of the City ; it is therefore enaéted, by this prefent Parliament, Caroli‘ II. Derimo Nona, that thefe Streets and Places following {hall be enlarged, viz. I. The Street called Fleetfireet, from the Place where the Grey/sound Tavern fizood to Ludgate, and from thence to St. Paul’s Church—yard. 2. The Street leading from the cafe End of St. Paul’s Church into Cbmp/ide. 3. The Street and Paifage at the cafe End of Clamp/Ede leading into the Poultry. 4.. The Street and Pafl‘age out of the Poulfly leading into the weft End of Cornbz’ll, at or near the Place late called, The Stories. 5. The Street called Blowbladder-flreet, leading from Book I Chap. XXVIII. from the weft End of Cheapfla’e towards Newgate- market. And to enlarge the Street and Paffage from thence towards Newgate-mar/eet, by laying the Ground, where the middle Row in the Sham- bles there lately l‘tood, into the faid Street -, and, in like Manner, to enlarge the Paffage from Newgate—market towards Newgate, by laying the Ground of ‘the four late Houfes between War— wick—lane End and Newgate—market, and the late Bell Inn there, into the Street. 6. The Lane called Ave-Mary—lane, leading from Pater-nofier-row to Ludgate—jtreez‘. 7. And the Street or Pafi‘age at the End of St. Martin’s le Grand towards Blowhladder—flreer afore- faid. 8. And alfo the Paffage from St. Magnas’s Church to the Conduit in Graeeehnreh-flreet, and the north End of Graeeehureh-flreet alfo. 9. T hames-flreet, from the weft Corner of St. Magnus’s Church to the Tower Dock. IO. To enlarge Old Fzyh-flreet, by laying the middle Row there into the Street. I I. And, whereas the Way or Paffage of Ho]- horn-hrz'a’ge is now too {freight and incommodious for the many Carriages and Paflengers daily ufing and frequenting the fame, and is therefore ne- cefiary to be enlarged, be it therefore enaéted, That it {hall and may be lawful for the Lord Mayor, Aldermen, and Commoners of the City of London, fo to enlarge and make wider the fame, as that the faid Way and Palfage may run in a level Line from a certain Timber-Houfe, on the north Side thereof, commonly called or known by the Name or Sign of the Cor/c, unto the Front of the Buildings of a certain Inn called the Swan Inn, fituate on the north Side of Ho!— horn-hz'll, as aforefaid. ' 12. That the Lord Mayor and Aldermen of London may and {hall open and enlarge a Street, or Paifage, called Water—Zane, leading from Fleet— fireet to thz'te—Frz'ars Dock, by the River of Thames. I 3. And open and enlarge one other Street, or Paffage, through Mineing-lane, by St. Dunflan’s in the Eaft, to T hames-flreet, near the Caflom- hon/e. And to make the faid Streets, or Palla— geshtwenty—four Feet in Breadth, for the Conve— niency of Trade, and better Paffage of Carts and other Carriages to and from the River of Thames. 14.. That the Lord Mayor, Aldermen, and Common—Council, alfo {hall and may, by Virtue of this prefent Act, enlarge and make wider any other fuch f’treight and narrow Paflages, within the faid City, as are lefs than fourteen Feet in Breadth. And of fuch there have been many enlarged, too many to be here enumerated ; which, by comparing the Maps before and fince the new Buildings, will be, to an intelligent Perfon, very confpicuous. III. For the Making of new Streets and Wharfs, Market-Places, and other pzehh'c Monuments. I . H AT the Lord Mayor and Court of Al- T dermen are by this Act enabled to make, or caufe to be made, a new Street, leading and extending frOm the Guildhall of the faid City into Cheapflde; the fame Street to be of fuch Breadth and Widenefs as they lhall judge meet and con- vement. 2. That they ihould alfo open and enlarge a Street or Pail'age to the River of Thames, from Cheap/Ede through Soper-lane, and thence to T hames- firm, and thenceforth to the River of Thames: And from Three Cranes to the Thames aforefaid. And to make the fame Streets and Palfages four and twenty Feet in Breadth” ' 3. That they {hall alfo cau'fea Street to be Orders ahoat Rehai/dz'ng the City. opened, fourteen Feet wide, from the well: End of T hreadneedle—flreet down to Lothhury. '4. And it is enaéted, by the Authority afore- faid, That, for the better Benefit and Accommo- dation of Trade, and for other great Convenien- c1es, there fhall be left a convenient Traét of Ground, all along from the Tower Wharf to Lon— don—Midge, and from London-hridge to the T emple, of the Breadth of forty Feet, from the north Side of the River of Thames, to be converted to a Key, or public and open Wharf. And that, in Walls, Inclofures, and other Obfiruétions and Impediments whatfoever, now fianding' or being Within forty Feet northward of the faid River of Thames, between the Places aforefaid, Cranes, Stairs, and Docks only excepted, {hall be taken down and removed, and the faid Ground cleared and levelled: And that from henceforth there {hall be no Building or Erection whatfoever, ex- cept Cranes, Stairs, and Docks, placed or fet within or upon the {aid forty Feet of Ground, or any Parts thereof, between the Places aforefaid. 5. And that all Buildings that {hall hereaf- ter immediately border upon any Part of the faid Ground, upon the north Side thereof, lhall front for the Bounds of the Breadth of the faid forty Feet of Ground northward. And that the Build- ings that {hall be built upon that Line, and front- ing the River of Thames, fhall be of the fecond or third Sort or Rate of Buildings, hereafter men- tioned in the Aft for the Rebuilding of the City of London, except common Halls for Companies, and other Buildings, which Ihall be otherwife al- lowed of by the King’s Majef’ty. 6. And that all the faid Tract of Ground, of the Breadth of forty Feet from the {aid River, {hall be open and at large, without any Divifion or Separation: And that the Bounds of each Proprietor’s Ground therein {hall be dif’tinguifh- ed only by Denter-Stones, to be placed in the Pavement thereof. 7. And be it further enaéted, That, for the further Convenience of Trade, the Channel of Bridewell Dock, from the Channel of the River of Thames to Holhorn—hrz'dge, {hall be funk to a fuflicient Level, whereby to make it navigable: And that the Ground to be fet out for the Breadth of the faid Channel, and of the Wharfs on each Side thereof, {hall not be lefs in Breadth than one Hundred Feet, nor Ihall exceed one Hundred and twenty Feet. 8. And that the Line of the faid Channel, and Wharfs and Levels thereof, together with the Cranes and Stairs to be placed thereon, {hall be afcertained by the Lord Mayor, 8e. And that all the faid Wharf~Ground on each Side the Ri- ver {hall lie open and at large, Cranes and Stairs only excepted, without any Divifion or Separa- tion; and each Perfon’s Propriety therein to be . difiinguifhed only by Denter—Stones in the Pave— ment thereof. 9. And that all Buildings, bordering upon each Side of the faid Wharfs, {hall front and be placed in the Line that {hall be fet out for the. Bounds of the Breadth of the Wharfs from the Channel ~, and that the faid Buildings {hall be of the fecond Rate of Building mentioned in the Aft for rebuilding the City, Ede. , 10. Whereas, by a late Aé‘t of this prefent Par- liament, it was enaéted, That the Parilhes to be rebuilt within the faid City of London, in Lieu of thofe which were demolifhed by the late dreadful Fire, fhould not exceed the Number of thirty- nine: But forafmuch as upon an exact SurVey taken of the Number of Houfes to be rebuilt, and of the Exrent of the refpeé‘tive Parifhes ne— 4. C cefi'ary order thereunto, all Buildings, Sheds, Pales, ‘ and be placed‘in the Line that {hall be fet out. 2842 Rebuilding bfthe City of London. eefl‘ary to be fettled and continued within the faid ' City, it dOth appear, that the Parifhes to be fet- Rebuilt with- _in four or five Years. tled and- continued, and the Parifh Churches to be rebuilt within the {aid City, in Lieu of thofe 'demolifhed or confumed by the faid late Fire, cannot Conveniently, by Union, or otherways, be reduced to a lel's Number than fifty-one. Be it therefore enaéted, by the Authority aforefaid, That the Number of Parifhes to be fettled, and the Parifh Churches to be rebuilt, within the faid City of London, fhall be fifty—one 3 the former Aélz, or any Thing therein contained to the con— trary, notwithi’canding. I I . And, that the Citizens of London, and their Succeffors, for all the Time to come, may retain the Memorial of . fo fad a Defolation, and refleét ferioufly upon their manifold Iniquities, which are the unhappy Caufes of fuch Judgments, be it therefore enaéted, That the fecond Day of Sep- tember, unlefs the fame happen to be Sunday, and, if fo, then the next Day following, be yearly, for ever hereafter, obferved as a Day of public F aft- ing and Humiliation within the faid City and Li— berties thereof, to implore the Mercy of Almigh- ty God upon the faid City -, to make devout Prayers and Supplication unto him, to divert the like Calamity for the Time to come. 12. And, the better to preferve the Memory of this dreadful Vifitation, be it further enaéted, That a Column or Pillar of Brafs, or Stone, be ereéted on, or as near unto the Place where the faid Fire fo unhappily began as conveniently may be, in perpetual Remembrance thereof; with fuch Infeription thereon, as hereafter, by the Mayor and Court of Aldermen, in that Behalf, be di- reéted. Of the Rebuilding of the City of London, [0 fieedily, - fubftantially, and jplen‘didly efebted. V Otwithftanding the extraordinary Lolfes by _ the forementioned Fire, the devouring Pef— tilence in this .City the Year preceding, and the chargeable War with the Dutch at that Time de- pending, yet, by the King’s Grace, the W ifdom of the Parliament then fitting at Weflminfler, the Diligence and AEtivity of the Lord Mayor, Al- _ dermen, and Commoners of the faid City, who were almoit the only Lofers by that fatal Acci- dent, it was in the Space of four or five Years well nigh rebuilt. Divers Churches, the ftately Guildhall, many Halls of Companies, and other public Edifices ; all infinitely more uniform, more folid, and more magnificent than before -, fo that no City in Europe, nay, fcarcely in the World, can ftand in Competition with it, at leaf’t in twen- ty Particulars -, as, by a Parallel between it and the molt eminent of them to this Work fubjoin- ed, will be made to appear. How the Alterations and Augmentation: enjoined, as alfo the Rebuilding of fifty-one Parorhial Churches, and the Cathedral of St. Paul, fhould be accom- pli/hed. HE forementioned Alterations and Aug- mentations, to be made in the Rebuilding of the City of London, being by Act of Parlia- ment enjoined, they took it’then into their Con- fiderations by what Means Money might be raif— ed for the Carrying on of thofe Works, by them prefcribed and enaéted : And, in. their Sefiion {fine 19 Caroli II. Regis, they enacted as follow- Ct 2 ' For the Enabling of the Lord Mayor, Com- monalty, and Citizens of the City of London, and their SuccefTors, to perform and accomplifh the Works in this Aft mentioned, be it enaéted, by, the Authority hereof, 1. That, for all Sorts of Coals which, from and after the 24th Day of 7am, I 667, and before ,1 the 24th Day of 7une, 1677, {hall be imported and brought into the Port of the City of London, or the River of Thames, within the Liberty of the faid City of London, upon the fame River to be fold by the Chaldron, or Ton, there {hall be paid, by Way of Impofition thereupon, over and be— fides all other Impofitions and Duties due and payable for any Sort of the faid Coals by Virtue of any Law or Statute now in Force, according to the Rates hereafter mentioned : That is to fay, for fuch Sorts of Coals as are ufually fold by the Chaldron, for every Chaldron thereof, containing thirty~f1x Bufhels Mnehe/ler Meafure, the Sum of twelve Pence. And for all fuch Sorts of Coals as are fold by the Ton, for every Ton thereof, con— taining twenty Hundred Weight, the like Sum of twelve Pence. Which faid Impofition of twelve Pence, for every Chaldron or Ton of Coals, fhall, during the Time aforefaid, be anfwered and paid unto the Mayor, Commonalty, and Citizens, or their Deputy and Deputies, by the Mafier, Own- er or Owners, or other Perfons taking Charge of the Vefiel, before they ihall break Bulk, or have 21 Meter afiigned for the Meafuring or Weighing of any Coals, aforefaid. The which Impofition of twelve Pence to be paid at fuch Place or Places, as by the Lord Mayor and Court of Aldermen fhall from Time to Time be appointed for the Re- ceipt thereof. 2. That all and every fuch Sum ’and Sums of Mo— ney, which {hall be raifed upon the Receipt of the faid Impofition of I 2 Pence for every Chaldron or Ton of Coals, fhall, in the firi’t Place, be applied and difpofed unto and for the Satisfaé‘tion of fuch Perfons, whofe Grounds {hall be taken and em- ployed for the Enlarging of the Streets and narrow Paliages within the City: And, after Satisfaé‘tion given for the fame, the Refidue {hall be applied and difpofed unto and for the Satisfaétion of fuch Perfons, whofe Grounds ihall be employed for the making of Wharfs or Keys on the north Side of the River of Thames, and upon each Side of the Shore, called by the Name or Names of Bride- 'well—doek, Fleet—ditch, and Turn-mill Bree/e : And, alfo, for the Building and Making of fuch Pri- fons within the faid City, as {hall be neceiTary for the fafe Cuftody and Imprifonment of Felons, and other _Malefaétors. Anna 22 Carali II. Regir. But, forafmuch as it doth and will require far greater Sums of Money, to give Satisfaétion for the Ground to be taken and employed for the En- larging of the Streets, by this and the forefaid Aéi: appointed to be enlarged, and for public Market- Places, and other the public Ufes and Purpofes in this Act mentioned : Therefore, 3. For the further enabling the faid Mayor, Commonalty, and Citizens of the faid City, and their Succeffors, to perform the Works in this and the faid Act mentioned, and alfo for the Rebuild- ing of the Parifh Churches by this Ad: appoint- ed : Be it enaéted by the Authority aforefaid, That for all Sorts of Coals, which, from and af- ter the F irf’t Day of May, 1670, and before the Twenty-ninth Day of September, which {hall be in the Year of our Lord 1687, ihall be import- ed and brought into the faid Port of the City of London, or River of Thames, within the Liberties of the faid City, upon the faid River, there {hall be paid, by Way of Impofition thereupon, ac- . cording to the Rates hereafter mentioned; that is to fay, for all fuch Coals as {hall be there im- ported and brought in, from and after the faid F irlt Day'of May, 1 670, and before the Twenty— fourth Day of 7am, 1677, there fhall be paid, for every Chaldron or Ton thereof, two Shillings, over and befide the aforefaid Impofition of twelve Pence the Chaldron, or Ton, by the former Aét appointed Book I. Chap. xxvm. Rebuilding appointed to be paid. And for all fuch Coals which {hall be there imported and brought in; from and after the Twenty—fourth Day of june, 1677, and before the faid Twenty—ninth, Day of September, 1687, there {hall be paid, for every Chaldron or Ton thereof, three Shillings: And the lame ihall, by Virtue of this Act, be collect— ed, levied, and paid, in fuch Sort and Manner, in all and every Refpeét, as in and by the faid Act is limited and appointed, for the collecting of the twelve Pence upon the Chaldron, or Ton: All which Monies fo to be received upon Account of the refpeét’ive lmpofitions, or either of them, {hall from Time to Time be paid into the Receipt of the Chamber of London; and from thence {hall be ilTued and paid, according to the Direction and Appointment of this prefent Act, and not otherwife. . 4. And be it further enacted, That all and every Sum and Sums of Money, which flaall be raifed upon the Receipt of the feveral Impofiti— ons, aforefaid, lhall be employed and difpofed in Manner and Form following: That is to fay, three fourth Parts of all the Monies, which, from i and after the Firl’t Day of May, 1670, and be- fore the Twenty-fourth of j‘une, 1677, {hall be railed, or payable, upon the Receipt of the afore- faid Impofition of two Shillings for every Chal- dron or Ton of Coals, fhall be employed and' difpofed of, for and towards the Rebuilding, E- recting, or Repairing of the Parifh Churches, ac— cording to fuch Order or Direction, as by the Lord Archbifhop of Cunterbury, the Lord Bifhop and the Lord Mayor of London, or any two of” them, ihall be given in that Behalf; and the fame lhall from Time to Time be ilTued out and paid accordingly : And the other fourth Part, Refidue thereof, {hall be employed for and to- , wards the giving Satisfaction for Grounds, fet out and employed for the Enlarging of Streets, Ma- king of Wharfs, Keys, public Market-places, and other public Ufes, in this and the aforefaid Act mentioned and appointed—And that one Moiety of all the Monies, which from and after the faid Twenty—fourth of j’une, I677, {hall be railed, or payable upon the aforefaid Impofition of three Shillings the Chaldron, or Ton, {hall be employ- ed and difpofed, for and towards the Rebuilding, Erecting, and Repairing of the Parilh Churches, by fuch Order and DireCtion, and to be ifiued and paid by fuch Warrant of the faid Lord Archbi- Ihop of Canterbury, Lord Bifhop and Lord May— or of London, for the Time being : And the other Moiety thereof {hall be employed and difpofed, for the giving of Satisfaétion for Ground, fet out and employed as aforefaid; and fuch other Pub- lic Ufes and Purpofes, as in this, and the afore- faid Acts, are mentioned and appointed. 5. And be it enaé‘ted, That it {hall and may be lawful for the Lord Archbilhop of Canterbury, the Lord Bifhop of London, and Lord Mayor of London, or any two of them, as aforefaid, to em- ploy or difpofe, for and towards the Building and Repairing the Cathedral Church of St. Punt, one fourth Part of the Money by this Act given and appointed, for the Building, Ereé‘ting, or Repair- ing the Parifh Churches aforefaid. For tbe avoiding of Suit: of Law, and otber Dife- , renees tbut nzz'gbt urzfe between Landlord: and Te— nuntr, 85c. ufter tins general Culurnz’ly'by tbe Fire. V OR the avoiding of fuch Inconveniencies, which would of Neceflity arife concerning the Repairing and new Building of Houfes, and Payment of Rents -, which, if they fhould not be determined with all Speed, and without Charge, would much obl‘truct the Rebuilding of the faid City : Wherefore, the King’s molt excellent Ma- jel’cy, by and with the Advice and Confent of the cf tbe City. Lords Spiritual and Temporal, and Commons in Parliament alTembled, made an Act for the Re: conciling of fuch Differences, intitled, fln fit? for Erettz'ng u hyudz'cuture, for tbe Determi- nation of Dzflerenees, touching Hon/es burnt or, demoli/bed, by Reufon of the late Fire wbic/o loop- pened in London. Wherein it was enaéted, I. That the Juf’cices of the Courts of King’s Bench and Common-Pleas, and the Barons of the Coif of the Exchequer, or any three or' more of them, are authorifed to hear and determine all Differences and Demands whatfoever, which have or may arife between Landlords, Proprietors, Te- nants, Lefl’ees, Under-Tenants, or late Occupi- ers of any of the Buildings, or other Things, by the faid Fire der’nolifhed. 2. For or concerning the Payment, Defalcati— on, Apportioning, or Abatement of any Rent or Rents, other than Arrears of Rent only due. be- fore the firi’t Day of September, 1666 5 or for or touching any Covenant, Condition, or Penalty relating thereunto ; Or for touching or concern- ing the Prefixing or Limiting of any Time for fuch Repairs or new Building, or any Rate or Contribution to be borne, or paid thereunto by any Perfon or Perfons, Bodies Politic or Corpo- rate interefted in the Premifes, and all Incidents relating thereunto. 3. That they, without the Formalities of Pro- ceedings in Courts of Law or Equity, {hall and may, upon the Verdict or Inquifition of Jurors, Tel’timony of Witnefl'es upon Oath, Examinati- on of Perfons interel’ted, or by all or any of the faid Ways, or otherwife, according to their Dif- cretions, proceed to the Hearing and Determin- ing of the Demands or Differences between the faid Parties concerning the Premifes. And that the definitive Order of the faid Jul’tices and Ba- rons lhall be final, from which there {hall be no Appeal or Review; nor {hall any Writ of Error, or Certiororz', lie for the Removal, or Reverfal of the fame. 4. The faid Juf’tices and Barons are hereby im- powered, where they {hall think it convenient, to order the Surrendering, Increafing, Abridging, Ceafing, Determining, or Charging of any Eltates in the Premifes, or to order new or longer Leafes on Ef’tates, not exceeding forty Years, to be made of any of the Premifes, by the Proprietors or Owners thereof, or other Perfons interefled there- in, to any Tenant or Sub-Tenant, or late Occu- piers of the fame, their Heirs, or Afligns, at fuch, Rents and Fines, or without any Rent or Fine, as they {hall think fit. ' 5. That all Orders made, as afore‘faid, accord- ing to the Tenors thereof, {hall be obeyed by all Perfons concerned therein refpectively ; and {hail conclude and bind them, their Heirs, Succeflbrs, Executors, Adminiltrators, and Afligns, refpeco tively. 6. That, upon the Complaint or Requef’t of any Perfon or Perfons concerned, in any of the faid Houfes or Buildings, and other the Premifes, fhall ilTue out Notes or Warrants under their Hands, warning the Party or Parties therein named, to appear before them at. fuch Time and Place, as in fuch Note or Notes {hall be fpecified ; and up—‘ on Appearance, or Default of Appearance, the laid Jul’tices and Barons may proceed to make fuch finite and definite Orders, as aforefaid. 7. That for the Matters, and according to the Powers herein before-mentioned, Ihall be, and {hall be taken to be a Court of Records ; and that the Judgments and Determinations that {hall be made between Party and Party, by Authority of this A&, {ball be recorded in a Book provided for that Purpofe; which Book, f0 recorded and figned, 2.85 2.86 Four Sorts of Building. Rules and Dz'ree7z'0m for the Reézti/t/mg. ligned, {hall be placed and intrui’ted in the Cuf— tody of the Lord Mayor and Aldermen. of the City of London for the Time being, to be kept with the Records of the faid City, and to remain as a perpetual and fianding Record. 8. That none of the faid Jufiices and Barons lhall take any Fee or Reward whatfoever, direft— 1y or indirectly, for any Thing to be done by them, by Virtue or Colour of this prefent Act. 9. And, for a Reward of the Oflicers to be em- ployed herein, the faid Juf’tices and Barons are to order and direct a Table of fuch reafonable Fees to be made, as may carry on and elfeét the Purport and Intent of this Act. This Act was to continue in Force .till the lait Day of Decemeer, in the Year of our Lord 1668, and‘ no longer But, all Differences in that Time not being ended, the former Act was con- tinued till the 29th of September, 1671, and at- terwards till the 29th of September, 1 672. Rules and Direttz'om to be oefert'ed in the Reeuildz'ng of tbe City of London. 0 R the fpeedy Refioration, and for the bet~ ter Regulation, Uniformity, and Graceful- nefs of fuch new Buildings as {hall be erected for _ Habitations; and to the Intent that all Encou- ragement and Expedition may be given unto, and all Impediments and Obllnictions that may re- tard and protrac't the Undertaking, or Carrying on a Work fo neceifary, and of fo great Honour and Importance to his Majei‘ty, this Kingdom, and this City in particular, may be removed; Be it therefore enacted by the King’s moft ex- cellent Majefty, by and with the Advice and Con- vfent of the Lords Spiritual and Temporal, and Commons in this prefent Parliament afi‘embled, and by the Authority of the fame, That the Rules and Direé‘tions here prefcribed be duly ob- ferved by all Perfons therein concerned. _ 1. That no Building whatfoever be hereafter _ erected within the Limits of the faid City and Li- berties thereof, but fuch as {hall be purfuant to fuch Rules and Orders of Building, and with fuch Materials as are hereby particularly appointed, and according to fuch Scantlings as are fet down in a Table in this prefent Act fpecified: And, if any Perfon or Perfons {hall prefume to build con- trary thereunto, that then, and in fuch Cafe, the faid Houfe, fo irregularly built, {hall be deemed a common Nufance, and the Builder thereof ihall enter into Recognizance, for Abatement and De- , molifhing the fame in convenient Time, or to amend the fame according to fuch Rules and'Or- ders, as aforefaid ; and, in Default of either, the Offender to be committed to the common Gaol of the City, there to abide, without Bail or Main- prize, till he ihall have demolifhed, or otherwife amended, the fame . ‘ And, that fu‘ch irregular Buildings may be the better prevented, the Lord Mayor and Court of Aldermen are authorifed to nominate and ap— point difcreet and intelligent Perfons in the Art of Building to be the Surveyors or Supervifors, to fee the faid Rules and Scantlings well and tru- ly obferved. Unto which Surveyors or Super- vifors, the Mayors and Alderman, in their Court of Aldermen, are impowered to adminifier an Oath upon the Holy Evangelifits, for the true and impartial Execution of their Office in that Behalf. 2. That there {hall be only four Sorts of Build- ings,’ and no more -, and that all Manner of Houfes, to to be erected, {hall be of one of thofe four Sorts of Building, and no other. The firft and leaft Sort of Houfes fronting By- Street or Lanes. The fecond Sort of Houfes fronting Streets or Lanes of Note. The third I Sort of Houfes fronting high and principal Streets. The fourth and lafi, of Manfion-houfes for Mer~ chants, Citizens, or other Perfons of extraordi— nary Qiality, not fronting either of the three for- mer Ways. And the Roofs of each of the firl’c three Sorts of Houfes, refpeétively, (hall be uni- form. '3. That all the Outfides of all Buildings, in and about the faid City, be henceforth made of Brick or Stone, or of Brick and Stone together, except Door-Cafes and Window-Frames ; the Bread-Summers, and other Parts of the firit Story to the Front, to ufe fubl’tantial oaken Timber, infiead of Brick or Stone, for Conveniency of Sh0ps : And that the faid Doors, Breafi—Summers, and Window—Frames, be fufliciently difcharged of the Burthen of the Fabric, by Arch-work of Brick or Stone, either firaight or circular. 4. That there {hall be Party-walls, and Party- piers, fet out equally on either Builder’s Ground, to be built upon by the firi’t Beginner of fuch Building: And that convenient Toothing be left in the front Wall by the faid firft Builder, for the better Joining of the next Houfe that {hall be built to the fame : And that no Man be permit- ted to build on the faid Party-Wall, or on his own contiguous Ground, until he hath fully re- imburfed the faid firi‘t Builder the full Moiety of the Charges of the faid Party-wall and Piers ; together with Intereft for the fame, after the Rate of 6 per Cent. per flmzum, for Forbearance there- of, to be accounted from the Beginning of the faid firi’t Building. By an A8; of 1 I Geo. 1. Chap. 28. it is provi- ded, That, if any Perfon refufe or neglect to build his Share of a Party-Wall, after due Notice gi- ven him, his next Neighbour may build it for him, and oblige the Perfon, fo neglecting it, to pay the Charges of Rebuilding it. The Water falling from the Tops of the Houfes, Balconies, and Penthoufes, {hall be conveyed into Channels or Kennels, by Pipes in the Front, or Sides of the Houfes, on Pain of 201. F orfeiture.] 5. That the Houfes of the leait Sort of Build- ing, fronting By—Streets or Lanes, {hall be of two Stories high, befides Cellars and Garrets -, the Cellars thereof to be fix Feet and a Half high ; the firf’t Story nine Feet high from the Floor to the Cieling, and the fecond Story nine Feet. That all Walls in Front and Rear, fo high as the firfi: Story, be of the full Thicknefs of two Bricks at Length; and upwards, to the. Garrets, of the Thicknefs of one Brick and a Half, and the Walls, at the Eves of the Garrets, not to be lefs than one Brick. ' 6. That the Houfes of the fecond Sort of Build- ing, fronting Streets and Lanes of Note, and the River of Thames, {hall confifi: of three Stories high, befides Cellars and Garrets. That the Cel- lars thereof be fix Feet and an Half high, the firf’t Story ten Feet high, the fecond ten Feet high, the third nine Feet from the Floor to the Cieling; that all the Walls in Front and Rear, as high as the firit Story, be two Bricks and an Half thick; and upwards, to the Garret-Floor, one Brick and an Half thick ; the Thicknefs of the Garret Walls at the Difcretion of the Work- man : And, alfo, that the Thicknefs of the Par- ty-Walls be two Bricks thick fo high as the firfl‘. Story, and upwards, to the Garrets, one Brick and _~ an Half thick. 7. That the Houfes of the third Sort of Build-. ings, fronting the high and principal Streets, {hall confii’c of four Stories high, belides Cellars and Garrets : The firf’c Story to contain full ten Feet, from the Floor to the Cieling; the fecond, ten Feet and an Half -, the third, nine Feet, and. the fourth, eight Feet and an Half.-——That all the Walls in Front and Rear, as high as the firfl: Story, Book I. Story, be two Bricks and a Half thick; and from thence, upwards, to the Garret-Floor, one Brick a Half thick: And that the Thicknefs of the Party-Walls between every Houfe be two Bricks thick, fo high as the firf’t Story; and thence, up- wards, to the Garrets, of the Thicknefs of one Brick and an Half—The Scantlings for Timber and Stone to be as in the Table following is ex- prelIed. _ 8. That all Houfes in the fourth Sort of Build- ing, being Manfion—Houfes, and of the greatefl: Bignefs, not fronting any of the Streets or Lanes aforefaid, {hall bear the fame Scantlings of Tim- bers, as in the following Table are fet down for the fame ; and that the Number of Stories, and the Heights of them, be left to the Difcretion of the Workman or Builder, fo as he exceed not four Stories. 9. And, for the greater Grace and Uniformity of the Buildings in the high and principal Streets, it is enacted, That all Houfes, hereafter to be ~ereéted in any of them, fhall have Balconies four Feet broad, with Rails and Bars of Iron, equally dii’tant from the Ground; every of which Bal— conies {hall contain, in Length, two Parts of the Front of the Houfe .on which it {hall be placed, in three Parts 'to be divided ; and the remaining Vacancy of the Front {hall be fupplied with a Pent~Houfe, of the Breadth of the Balcony, to be covered with Lead, Slate, or Tile, and to be cieled with Plail’tering underneath. And that the Water falling, as well from the Tops of the faid Houfes, as from the faid Balconies and Pent- Houfes, be conveyed into the Channels, by Par— ty-Pipes on the Sides or Fronts of the faid Houfes: And that Pavements, under every of the faid Balconies and Pent~Houfes, be made of good and fufficient broad flat Stone, at the Charge of the Builder. IO. That no Builder of any of the Houfes fronting any of the high Streets, Streets or Lanes of Note, be permitted to lay his firf’t Floor over the Cellar, more than thirteen Inches above the faid Street, or lefs than fix, with one circular Step to lead up thereunto, to be placed without the Building: And that no Trap-Doors, or o— pen Grates, be in any wife fuffered to be made in- to any fuch Cellar or Warehoufe, without the Foundations of the Front -, but that all Lights to be made into any of them be henceforth made upright, and not otherwife: And that no Bulks, Jetties, Windows, Polls, Seats, or any Thing of like Sort, {hall be made or erected, in any Streets, Lanes, or B'y-Lanes, to extend beyond the an- cient Foundation of Houfes : Nor that any Houfe be fet farther into the Street than the ancient Foundation, faving only, that, in the high and principal Streets, it lhall be lawful for the Inha- bitants to fulfer their Stall-Boards, when their Shop-Windows are fet open, to turn over and ex— tend eleven Inches, and no more, from the F oun- ‘dation of their Houfes into the Streets, for the better Conveniency of their Shop-Windows. A Tahle of the Heights of Stories, and Thlehae/i of Walls, in all the three Sort: of Buildings, within the City and Lihertz'es of London to he ohfirvea’. I. For the firft and leai’t Sort of Houfes, front- ing By-Streets and Lanes, The Height of the Cellar lhall be 6 Feet 6 Inches ; . firfl: Story, 9 Feet; fecond Story, 9 Feet; Gar- - ret . And the Thi‘cknefs of the Walls of the Cellar, in the Front and Rear, 2 Bricks, between Houfe and I-Ioufe, 1 Brick and an Half ; firfi Story, 1 Brick and an Half, between the Houfes, 1 Brick and an Half; fecond Story, 1 Brick NUMB. XXV. Chap. XXVIII. - Rel/es am! Direc‘i’z'om for the Bailalng. and an Half, between the Houfes’, 1 Brick and an Half; Garret, 1 Brick, between the Houfes, 1 Brick. II. For the fecond Sort of Houfes, fronting“ Streets and Lanes of Note, and the River of Thamet. The Height of the Cellar {hall be 6 Feet 6 Inches; firlt Story, 10 Feet ; fecond Story, 10 Feet; thll‘d Story, 9 Feet ; Garret . And the Thicknefs of the Walls of the Cellar, in the Front and Rear, 2 Bricks and an Half, between Houfe and Houfe, 2 Bricks ; firfi: Story, 2 Bricks, between the Houfes, I Brick and an Half; fecond Story, 2 Bricks, between the Houfes, 1 Brick and an Half; third Story, 1 Brick and an Half, between the Houfes, 1 Brick and an Half; Garret, I Brick, between the Houfes, 1 Brick. ' III. For the third Sort of Houfes, fronting high Streets, Lanes, and Places of Note. The Height of the firfl: Story {hall be 10 Feet ; fecond Story, 10 Feet 6 Inches ; third Story, 9 Feet; fourth Story, 3 Feet 6 Inches; Gar. ret ‘ And the Thicknefs of the Walls of the F iri’c Story, in the Front and Rear, 2 Bricks and an Half, between Houfe and Houfe, 2 Bricks ; fecond Story, 1 Brick and an Half, between the Houfes, _ 1 Brick and an Half; third Story, 1 Brick and an Half, between the Houfes, 1 Brick and an Half; fourth Story, 1 Brick and an Half, between the Houfes, 1 Brick and anBHaLf; Garret, 1 Brick, between the Houfes, 1 me . Scantlings of Timber for the firf’t Sort of Houfes. For the Floors, Summers, under 15 Feet long, 12 and 8 Inches; ,Wall-Plates, under 15 Feet long, 7 and 5 Inches. For the Roof, principal Rafters under 15 Feet long, at Foot 8, at Top 5, 6 Inches. Single Rafters, 4 and 3 Inches. . Joil’ts to 10 Feet long, 3 and 7 Inches : Or for Garret Floors, 3 and 6 Inches. Scantlings of Timbers, for the other two Sorts of « Houfes. ‘7 For the Floors. Summers or Girders, which bear in Length from 10 to 15 Feet, ought to be I I Inches broad, 8deep; from 15 to 18, 13 broad, 9 deep; from 18 to 21, 14. broad, 10 deep; from 21 to 24, 16 broad, 12 deep; from 24. to 26, 17 broad, 14. deep ; and Joil’ts bearing 10 Feet, 3 Inches broad, 6 deep; 3 broad, 7 deep; 3 broad, 7 deep ; 3 broad, 8 deep; 3 broad, 8 deep. ’ Principal Difcharges upon Piers, in the firfl: Sto- ries, in the Fronts, 13 and 1 2, and 15 and 13 Inches. Binding Joii’ts, ‘with their Trimming Joif’ts, 5 . Inches thick, and equal to their own Floors. Wall—Plates, or Railing-pieces and Beams, I 0 and 6, 8 and/ 6, 8- and 5 Inches. Lintels of Oak, in the firi’r and fecond Story, 8 and 6 Inches, the third Story, 5 and 4. Inches. For the Roofs. PrincipalRafters, from 15 to 18 Feet in Length, at Foot 9 Inches broad, Top 7 Inches broad, and 7 Inches thick; from 18 to 21, at Foot 10, Top 8, thick 8 ; from 21 to 24, at Foot 4. D 12, 287 2.88 Rules and Direé‘t’ions for the Building. 12, T Op 9, thick 8 and an Half -, from 24 to 26,’ at/Foot 13, Top 9, thick 9. Purlines, from 15 to 18 Feet in Length, are to be 9 Inches broad, and 8 thick; from I 8 to 21, 12 broad, and 9 thick. , Single Rafters, not exceeding in Length 9 Feet, .muf’t be 5 Inches broad, and 4 Inches thick; thofe of 6 Feet mult be 4 broad, and 3 and an Half thick. Scantlin‘gs for fawed Timber and Laths, ufually brought out of the Weft-Country, not lefs than Single Qiarters, 8 Feet long, muff be 3 Inches and an Half broad, and I Inch and an Half thick. Double Qaarters, 8 Feet long, mufi be 4 Inches broad, and 3 Inches and an Half thick. Sawed Joilts, 8 Feet long, mufi be 6 Inches broad, and 4 Inches thick. Laths, in Length 5 Feet, muft be I Inch and a (barter thick -, of 4 Feet, mull: be I Qlarter, and half Qiarter of an Inch thick. Where Stone is ufed in the Building, thefl: Scantlings principal Buildings within this City, and fuch are the Halls of Companies, great Merchants Houfes, eminent Taverns, €9’c. are built backwards, and have as good Fronts as thofe on the Street-Side, many of them having fair Court-yards before them, and pleafant Gardens behind them, with fair fpacious Rooms and Galleries in them, little inferior to fome Princes Palaces. And thefe lie, for the melt Part, backwards, and cannot be Ita- ken- Notice of by Strangers 2 But, as Hereules’s Bo- dy may be judged by his Foot, the Reader Stranger may View the Front of the Hall of one of the Companies of London, namely, the Mercers, which f’tands in Cheapflde, the Entrance thereof only; the Hall, Chapel, 8:. being all backwards. Of the eighty—fiven Parochial Churches, demoli/hed or confumed hy the Fire, hefldes the Cathedral Church of St. Paul. Of the rehuilding the Cathedral, and fifty-one of the others; and of the uniting of two or more of the remaining thirty—fix Pari/hes into the fifty-one, whofi’ Churches are rehuilt. Anno Vice/z'moficundo Caroli II. Regis. Book I. are to he ohfier'ved. I. For the firl’c Sort of Houfes, T is hereby enacted, that the Parilh Churches Churches re: to be rebuilt within the City of London, in built. fifty- I Lieu of thofe which were demoliflied by the late 0“?" Corner Piers, I 8 Inches fquare. Middle, or fingle Piers, I4Inches and 12 Inches. Double Piers between Houfe and Houfe, I4 Inches and I 8 Inches. , Door—Jaumbs and Heads, I 2 Inches and 8 Inches. II. For the fecond and third Sort of Houfes, Corner Piers, 2 Feet 6 Inches fquar'e. Middle, or fingle Piers, I8 Inches fquare. Double Piers, between Houfe and Houfe, 2 Feet and 18 Inches. Door—Jaumbs and Heads, I 4 Inches and I oInches. Scantlings for Sewers. Sewers, 3 Feet wide, and 5 Feet high -, The Walls, I Brick and an Half thick. The Arch, I Brick on End. The Bottom paved plain, and then I Brick an Edge circular. Other general Rules, neceflhry to he ohfer'ved in Building. N e‘very Foundation, within the Ground, add ' One Brick in Thicknefs to the Thicknefs of the Wall mentioned in the Table, next above the Foundation, to be fet off in three Courfes equally on both Sides. That no Timber be laid within 12 Inches of the F orefide of the Chimney-Jaumbs. And that all Joifts on the Back of any Chimney be laid ,with a Trimmer, at 6 Inches Dif’tance from the Back of the Chimney. . That no Timber be laid within the Tunnel of any Chimney, upon Penalty to the Workman, for every Default, 10 s. and 105. every Week it continues unreformed. That noJoifts or Rafters be laid at greater Dif- tances from one to the other than I 2 Inches, and no (luarters at reater Dil’tances than I4 Inches. That no Joi s bear at longer Length than 10 Feet, and no lingle Rafters, at more, in Length, than 9 Feet. ‘ That all Roofs, Window-Frames, and Cellar- Doors be made of Oak. The Tile—Pins of Oak. No Summers or Girders to lie over the Head of Doors and Windows. No Summer or Girder to lie lefs than I 0 Inches into the Wall, no Joif’ts than 8 Inches, and to be laid in Loam. But here the Reader may take Notice, that al- though the Fronts of the Houfes which are next the Streets, and lie open thereto, the mofl: of which are Shop-keepers and Tradefmen, yet the Fire, {hall be in Number fifty—one: The Which {hall be fet out and appointed by and with the Advice and Confent of the Lord Archbilhop of Canterbury, and the Bifhop of London for the Time being : Provided that the Sites and Materials of fuch Churches as are not intended to be rebuilt, together with the Church-yards belonging to the faid Churches, lhall be, and are hereby vel’ted in the Lord Mayor‘and Aldermen of the City of London, for the Time being ; to the End, f0 much of the faid Ground, as fliall not, upon the Re- building of the City, be laid into the Streets, be fold and difpofed of by the faid Lord Mayor and Aldermen for the Time being, with the COnfent of the Archbifhop of Canterhury and Bifhop of London ; and the Money, raifed by fuch Sale, fhall, by the Lord Mayor and Aldermen, be dif- pofed of and employed for and towards the Re- building of fuch Pariih Churches, as by this A61: are intended to be rebuilt, and for no other Ufe whatfoever. And it is enaéted, That the fifty-one Parilh Churches, to be rebuilt, ihall be fuch as hereafter followeth, viz. St. Alhallows, Lomhard—flreet. St. Bartholomew, Exchange. St. Bridget’s, alias Bride’s. St. Bennet- Fink. St. .Michael’s, CrookedJane. St. Chri/lo- pher’s. St. Dionis Bach-Church. St. Dun/Ian’s in the Eafc. St. ames, Garlic-Hith. St. Micha- 1 el, Cornhill. St. [Michael Baflyhaw. St. Margaret, Lothhury. St. Mary, Aldermanhury. St. Martin, Ludgate. St. Peter, Cornhill. St. Stephen, C ole- man-fireet. St. Sepulchres. Thefe feventeen Pariihes fhall remain and con- tinue as heretofore they were; and the refpeé’tive Parilh Churches, to each of the faid Parifhes be- longing, fhall be rebuilt, and continue for the Ufe of the faid Parifhes, as formerly they did. _ And that the feveral Parifhes, hereafter menti- oned, {hall be refpeétively united into one Parifh, in Manner hereafter following; that is to fay, The Parifh of St. 70hn Evangelzfl to fllhallow’s Bread-flreet. Alhallow’s the Leflt to Alhallow’s the Great. St. Olave’s Silver—flreet to St. Alhan’s Wood- fireet. St. john Zachary to St. June and Agnes. St. Faith’s to St. Augie/line’s. St. Anne, Black- Friars, to St. A’ndrew Wardrohe. St. 70hr: Baptijt to St.’flntholin’s. St. Leonard Ea/tcheap to St. Ben— net Grace-Church. St. Peter’s Paul’s l/Vharf to St. Bennet’s Paul’s PVharf. St. Leonard Ftfier-lane to ‘Chri/i-Chureh. St. Nicholas Aron: to St. Edmond the King. St. Botolph Billingflgate to St. George l Botolph- Betelph-lane. St. Magdalen .Milhflreet to St. Law- rence jury. St. Margaret New FiflJ-flreet to St. Magnets. St. .Martin’s Vintry to St. Michael Royal. St. Peter’s Cheap to St. Matthew Friday—fireet. St. Gabriel Fenchzzrch to St. Margaret Pattens. St. flndrew thhard to St. .Mary Athil. St. Mary W eel—Church to St. Mary Woolnoth. St. Martin’s Organ to St. Clement’s Eaflcheap. St. Lawrence Poaltney to St. [Mary flh~Chnrch. St. Thomas zi- poflles to St. Mary flldermary. St. Pancras Soper— lane and St. dlhallo‘w’s Honey—lane to St. Mary le Bow. St. Mary Cole-Church to St. Mildred’s Poul- trey. St. Mary Staining to St. .Michael Wood—flreet. St. Margaret Mofe: to St. .Mila’red Bread-flreet. Trinity to St. Zl/Iichael Qaeen—Hith. St. Gregory’s to St. Mary Magdalen Old Fi/h-flreet. St. Mary Monnthaw to St. Mary Somerfet. St. Nicholas 0- la've’s to St. Nicholas Cole—flhhey. St. Martin’s Pom- roy, alias Ironmonger-lane to St. Olave’s jury. St. Bonnet Sheer-Hog to St. Stephen lValhroo/e. St. Ma- ry Bothato to St. Swithin. St. Mchael ,chern to St. Veda/l, alias St. Fo/ler.——Which Churches were to be rebuilt, and to be the Parilh Churches of the faid Parifhes fo united. And it is hereby further enacted and declared, That the faid refpeétive Churches, to be rebuilt within the faid City of London and Liberty there- of, {hall be built and credited according to fuch Models, and of fuchDimenfions, and in fuch Man- ner and Form, in all Refpeéls, as the faid Lord Archbifhop of Canterhnry, Lord Bifhop of Lon- don, and Lord Mayor of London, for the Time being, with his Majefiy’s Approbation thereof, ihall direét and appoint. And the faid refpeétive Parifhes herein before— mentioned and appointed to be united, as afore- faid, fliall, for ever hereafter, remain and conti- nue f0 united, confolidated, and annexed unto the feveral and refpeétive Parifh Churches, by this Aft a. pointed to be rebuilt, as aforefaid -, and the refiieétive Parifhioners, and the Inhabitants of the faid feveral Pariihes f0 to be united, {hall hereafter refort to the faid Churches refpeétively, as to their proper Pariih Church. And it is hereby enaéted, That, notwithf’tand- ing fuch Union, as aforefaid, each and every of the Parilhes f0 united, as to all Rates, Taxes, Parochial Rights, Charges, and Duties, and all other Privileges, Liberties, and Refpeéts whatfo- ever, {hall continue and remain difiinét, as here- tofore they were] Chap. XXVIII . Orders of Common-Coancil ahont the Rehai/a’ing- do range of an equal Height, Houfe with Houfe, , f0 far as {hall be convenient, and there 'to make Breaks by their Directions; And that they do encourage and give Directi: ons to all Builders, for Ornament Sake, that the Ornaments and Projections of the front Buildings be of rubbed Bricks, and that all the naked Part of the Walls be done with rough Bricks neatly wrought, or all rubbed, at the Difcretion of the Builder, or that the Builders may other-wife inrich their Fronts as they pleafe. That if any Perfon or Perfon‘s {hall defire, in a- ny Street or Lane of Note, to build on each Side of the Street or Lane, 'oppofite one to the other, fix or more Houfes of the third Rate, or that the upper Rooms or Garrets may be flat Roofs, en- ‘compafl'ed with Battlements of Bricks covered with Stone, or Table-Ends, or Rails, and Ban- niflers of Iron or Stone, or to vary their Roofs for the greater Ornament of Building 3 the Sure veyors, or one of them, {hall certify their Opinie ons therein to the Committee for Rebuilding, who {hall have Liberty to give Leave for the fame, if they fee Caufe. That in all the Streets no Signapofts {hall hang crofs, but the Signs {hall be fixed againfl: the Bal— conies, or fome other convenient Part of the Side of the Houfe. It is ordered, That a Poflern {hall be made on I the north Side Of Newgate for Conveniency of F oot—Paflengers; and that Holhorn-hridge {hall be enlarged to run {traight on a Bevil—Line fromthe Timber-Houfe on the north Side'thereof, known by the Sign of the Cock, to‘the Front of the Build- ings at the Swan Inn, on the faid north Side of Holhorn-Hill. F orafmuch as it is provided in the late Act for Rebuilding, That the Surveyors {hall take Care for the equal Setting out of all Party-Walls and Piers, and no Perfon be permitted to build till that be done ; therefore, for Prevention of any Exaé‘tion in the Taking of fuch Surveys, and of all (barrels and Contentions that may arife be- tween the Builders, it is ordered, That no Build- er fhall lay his Foundation, until the Surveyors, or one of them, according to the A&, [ball View it, and fee the Party-Walls and Piers equally fet out, and that all Perfons obferve the Surveyors Directions concerning the Superf’truéture to be e- rected over the faid Foundation. And that, for the defraying that, and all other , 289' incident Charges for meafuring, flaking out, ta- king the Level, and furveying the Streets and Ground, each Builder, before he lays his F oun- dation, or fuch Survey {hall be taken, do repair A615 ofCom— There was further, for the Conveniency and non-Coun- Beauty of the Buildings of the City, an Order of “1'7 8 Common—Council made, flpril 29, 1667, which was laid before the King and Council, and by them approved, and is as fol-loweth : /It the Court at Whitehall the Eighth of May, I 667. PVE/éfll, The King’s mofl: Excellent Majefl'y. His Royal Highnefs the Earl of Carli/le. Duke of York. Earl of Craven. Lord Archbifhop of Can- Earl of Landerclale. terhary. Earl of Mdclleton. Lord Chancellor. Lord Arlington. Lord Privy—Seal. Lord fl/hley. Duke of fllhemarle. Mr. Comptroller. Marquis of Dorche/ler. Mr. Secretary Morice. Lord Chamberlain. Mr. Chancellor of the Earl of Bridgewater. Dutchy. Earl of Berk/hire. Sir William Coventry. Earl of Bath. . I fl'n Orclcr made hy the Lord Mayor, Aldermen, ana’ Common-Council of the City of London, of the 29th of April loft pafl, in the enfaing Words, viz. to the Chamber of London, and there enter his Name, with the Place where his Building is to -be fet out, and to pay to the Chamberlain the Sum of fix Shillings and eight Pence for every Foundation to be rebuilt 5 for which Mr. Cham- berlain {hall give Acquittances : Upon Receipt of which Acquittances, the Surveyors {hall proceed to fet out fuch Perfons Foundations. And it is ordered, That all Perfons who have already laid any Foundations, {hall forthwith pay, into the Chamber of London, fix Shillings and eight Pence for every Foundation. And this Court is confenting, and defirous that all fireight and narrow Pafl'ages, which fhall be found convenient for common Benefit and Acn commodation, and {hall receive his Majeity’s Or- der and Approbation, {hall and may be enlarged and made wider, and otherwife altered, be ore the 20th Day of May, now next enfuing, as {hall be fitting for the Beauty, Ornament, and Conve- niency thereof, and {taked‘and fet out accord- ingly. _ F°Y0ma- , T is ordered, That the Surveyors take fpecial Several late Inhabitants of Fleet-flroet, intend-- ‘33:;eififm Care, that the Breai’t-Summers of all Houfes ing to rebuild their Houfes which dld formerly 3 ftand Aft of Com— man-Council for Fires. 7/. .9. A57 for preventing Fires. ftand backward of other Foundations near ad- joining, and defiring Liberty to advance their Houfes, that the whole Front may run on a firaight Line; the Committee did agree to the fame, if the Right Honourable the Lord High Chancellor of England and the other Lords {hall approve thereof, and procure his Majefty’s Ap- probation to the fame; and the Committee do delire Liberty may be given for other Perfons in other Places, where it ihall be found convenient. And it is ordered, That the Committee for Rebuilding do prefent the Particulars aforefaid to the Right Honourable the Lord High Chan- cellor of England and the other Lords, and that the fame, if they receive his Majei’ty’s Approba- tion, {hall be forthwith printed and publifhed. ‘ Which being this Day reprefented to the ‘ Board by the Right Honourable the Lord High ‘ Chancellor of England, the fame was allowed ‘ and.approved of -, and it was ordered that the ‘ fame be punétually obferved in every Part there- ‘ of. And all Perfons concerned are required and ‘ commanded to yield due Obedience and con- ‘ form themfelves thereunto. And that the faid ‘ Order be forthwith printed and publilhed.’ EDW WALKER. And, for the better preventing and fupprefi’ing any Fires, for the Time to come, happening within the City of London and Liberties thereof, was this good Act of Common-Council made, Anna 1667, Sir l/I/illiam Pea/re, Knt. Mayor, and reprinted 1677. Commune Coneiliam tent’ in Camera Guilhald’ Civi- tatz': London, die Veneris, decimo quinto a’ie No¢ vembris, flnno Domini I667. flnnoque Regni Domini noflri C A R o L I Seeana’i Dei Gratia, Anglia, Scotiee, F rancix, 69’ Hibernia: Regir, Fidei Defenforis, &c. deeimo nono, toram Willi- elmo Peak Milite, Majore Cioitati: London, Thoma Aleyn Il/Iilite 69’ Baronetta, Aldermanno, Johanne Laurence, Thoma Bloudworth, Wil- lielmo Bolton, Willielmo Turner, Willielmo Hooker, .Militibns Aldermannis, Francifco Ai’ty flrmigera, Aldermanno, ae Dionyfio Gauden 69’ Thoma Davies Militiaas, Aldermannis, 69’ Vice- eomitiaur ejafdem Civitat’, nee non majore parte Commaniarioram de Commani ConeiZio ejufdem Ci- vitat’ tune {3° iaia’em aflemalat’. Hereas the late fierce and outrageous Fire which happened in this City, continuing violently, to the great Aftonifhment of all Be- holders, more than the Space of four Days and four Nights, burnt, dei’troyed, and confumed the greatei’t Part of the Churches and Dwelling- houfes, rendering very many of the Inhabitants calamitous, and much impoverifhed by the great Lofi‘es they fufiained, and is by all juf’tly refented as a moft fad and difmal Judgment of Heaven -, for the Prevention, avoiding and fupprefling, as much as human Prudence is capable of, the like deplorable, and fiill too vifible, Events, and dreadful Danger of Fire for the future within this City, and Liberties thereof, be it ordained, en- acted, and ei’tabliihed by the Right Honourable ' the Lord Mayor, the Aldermen his Brethren, and the Commons in this Common—Council af- fembled, and by the Authority of the fame, in Manner and Form following ; that is to fay, I. That the City, and the Liberties thereof, {hall be divided and appointed into four equal Parts or (garters; and the eai’t Part or Qlarter to contain the Wards following, «viz. Port/0km, A/dgate, Tower, Bil/inmate, Bridge, Langaorn, and Lima/freer. The weft Part or @arter to contain Ii'arringa’on within, Farringolon without, Caflie Bay- narei, Claeapfla’e, and fliderfgate. The north Part or (barter to contain Corn/91W, Broad-firm, Cole— 3 man-jtreet, Rafi/bow, Bi/bop/gate, and Cripplegate. And the fouth Part or Qiarter to contain Quen- bit/9, Bread—fired, Vintry, Cordwainer, Dowgate, Waioroo/e, and Candlewick-flreet. II. Item, That every of the faid (garters {hall be furnifhed and provided, at or before the F eaf’t' of the Birth of our Lord God next enfuing, of eight Hundred leather Buckets, fifty Ladders, 'viz. Ten, forty—two Feet long ; Ten thirty Feet Along; Ten, twenty Feet long; Ten, fixteen Feet long; and Ten, twelve Feet long -, as alfo of f0 many Hand-{quirts of Brafs, as will furniih two for every Parifh -, four and twenty pickax Sledges, and forty Ihod Shovels. III. Item, That every one of the twelve Com- panies provide and keep in Readinefs thirty Buc- kets, one Engine, fix pickax Sledges, three Lad- ders, and two hand Squirts of Brafs. _ IV. Item, That all the other inferior Compa- nies provide and keep in Readinefs Buckets and, Engines, proportionable to their Abilities.\ Of which thofe leaft able, to provide portable En— gines to carry up Stairs into any Rooms or Tops of Houfes. The Numbers of which Buckets and Engines to be from Time to Time prefcribed and / Book I. allotted by the Lord Mayor, and Court of Alder- ‘ men’s Direction. - V. Item, That every Alderman who hath paired the Office of Shrievalty, provide four and twenty Buckets, and one hand Squirt of Brafs. And all thofe who have not been Sheriffs, twelve Buckets and one hand Squirt of Brafs, to be kept in their refpeétive Dwellings. And all other principal Ci- tizens and Inhabitants, and every other Perfon, being a fubfidy Man, or of the Degree of a fub- fidy Man, {hall provide and keep in their Houfes a certain Number of Buckets, according to their Qiality. ' , VI. Item, That the feveral Inhabitants and Furniture Of each refpeétive Qiarter {hall remain and abide within their own Qiarters, and not go out farther , excepting only fuch ferviceable Per- fons of other Qiarters fit to take Pains in that Behalf, who may be called to yield their Help, as Need {hall require ; and none other Perfons or Furniture, without fpecial Order of the Lord Mayor and Sheriffs for the Time being. VII. Item, It is farther ordained by the Autho- rity aforefaid, that, in every of the faid Qiarters or Parts of this City, by the Advice of the Al- dermen and Common-Council of each feveral Ward within that Qiarter, there {hall be chofen, retained, and appointed for each Ward, one ho- nef’t and fufl'icient Perfon, dwelling within the fame, to be Bellman there : Who ihall from hence— forth every Night, from the F eafi: of St. .Miebad, until the Annunciation of St; Mary, diligently walk up and down within the fame Ward, from Ten of the Clock in the Night, till Five of the Clock next Morning. Their Wages or Salaries to be levied within their refpeétive Wards, ac- cording as the fame ihall be aifeifed by the Com- mon~Council of the fame Ward, or the greatei’t Part of them. - VIII. Item. That every Houfholder, upon any Cry of Fire, fliall place a fufficient Man at his Door well armed, and hang out a Light at his Door, if in the Night-time; upon Default where- of, every Party offending fhall forfeit twenty Shillings. . IX. Item, That every Houiholder fhall, during the Time of any Fire, have Witter in a Vefi‘el ready at his Door to quench and fupprefs all far- ther Increafe of the Fire. X. Item, That, in every of the faid four Qiar- ters or Parts of this City, a noted Bell be rung from Lady—day to Mebaelmas, at Ten of the Clock every Night, and at Five of the Clock every Morning; and, from Michaelmas to Lady—day, at Eight A Bellman; A noted Bell to be rung. Eight of the Clock eyery Night, and at Seven of the Clock every Morning. At which refpeétive Hours the Watch ihall punétually fit and rife, ‘who as foon as they are met together, one out of every Watch {hall be fent the Rounds into every Part of the Ward. And at his Return another {hall be fent out, and f0 fucceffively all Night long without Intermiflion, for Prevention of Fire, Robbing, or other Inconvenience. ' XI. Item, That every Inhabitant prepare fome fecure Place in their Dwellings, not under or near any Staircafe, to lay in their Seacoal«afhes, Embers, or any other fort of Fire—afhes; and that the faid Afhes be quenched with Water every Night before they go to Bed. And that all Confiables make Enquiry of the Securit of Hearths, Ovens, Stoves, and Places for laying Fire-aihes in, twice every Year. XII. Item, That Plugs be put into the Pipes in. the moi“: convenient Places of every Street, whereof all Inhabitants may take Notice, that \ Breaking of the Pipes in diiorderly Manner may be avoided. XIII. Item, That as many Wells as can be found may be provided in every Street, with Pumps placed conveniently for furniihing of Wa- ter, efpecially in froflty Weather, when other Wa- ter may be fcarce. XIV. Item, That the Lord Mayor and She- riffs, as alfo the Deputies and Common Council- Men, of fuch Ward where any Fire {hall happen, have fpeedy Notice thereof by feveral Mefl'engers to be difpatched from the Coni’tables upon the firl’t Difcovery. XV. Item, That at all fuch Times the Lord Mayor be attended with all his Officers, with the Marfhals and all their Men, as alfo the City VVorkmen, and their Labourers, the Bridge Maf— ter, with the Officers and Workmen, and their Labourers : Who are all, upon Notice of any Fire, forthwith to repair to the Lord Mayor, and to obferve fuch Directions as {hall be given them -, the Sheriffs alfo to be attended with all their Of— ficers, upon Pain to them of forfeiting three Pounds in Default of fuch their Attendance. XVI. Item, That the feveral Companies of Carpenters, Bricklayers, Plaifterers, Painters, Ma- fons, Smiths, Plumbers, and Paviors, do yearly for each Company cleft two Mafier-Workmen, four Journeymen, eight Apprentices, and fixteen Labourers, to be ready upon all Occafions of Fire to attend the Lord Mayor and Sheriffs, for quenching the fame. XVII. Item, That all Workmen and Labour- ers belonging to any public Water-Works within the City, the Seacoal-Meters, Porters, Blackwel- Iettll Porters, Leedettbttll Porters, Ticket-Porters, and Package Porters, do confiantly attend the Lord Mayor and Sheriffs in fuch Services. And that a Lifi: of all the Names of the aforemention— ed Perfons, with the Places of their Abode, be brought yearly in a Table to the Lord Mayor Eleé‘t‘upon the firf’t Day of Oetoeer, to be placed in the Hall of the laid Lord Mayor to public View. And that henceforth the Admittances of all fuch Perfons may be upon the fame Condition. , XVIII. Item. That all Perfons, unlefs fuch as are employed or allowed by the Lord Mayor or Sheriffs, Aldermen, Deputies, or Common Coun— cil-Men, do keep, during the Time of/any Fire, within their own Dwelling, until they are fum— moned to give their Aid, that f0 Diforder and Confufion in the Streets may be prevented. XIX. Item, That all the Conf’tables and Watch- men of the Ward where any Fire happens, affem— ble immediately at fuch a Place, and there at— tend on the Lord Mayor and Sheriffs, and follow their Directions. XX. Item, That all Brokers on the Exchange, Ate flflfir pt'evet'ttmg Ftre’s". according to their_\Obligation at their Admit: tance, do attend in order to take Care of fuclr Goods and Houiholdd’cufi‘ as ,may be removed; XXI. Item, That yearly there be chofe'n fome’ able Citizen and ikilful Engineer, to attend the Lord Mayor and Sheriffs, or any of them, 1.1an ‘ fuch Accident: Who, by their Advice, is to give his Affifiance, and to blow up by their Direction fuch Houfes, whereby the Increafe of the Fire may be mofi probably prevented -, and that La-‘ bourers be appointed to attend fuch Engineer. XXII. Item, That the Lord Mayor, Alder; men, and Sheriffs, Deputies, Common Council- Men, Engineer, and all Perfo‘ns appointed and required by the Lord Mayor and Sheriffs, to be" aiding in fupprefling and extinguifliing the F ire,‘ by blowing up, or pulling down Houfes, fhal-l’ be indemnified by this ‘Court. _. XXIII. Item, That all Perfons whofe Houfes’ {hall be blown up, or otherwife demoliihed, for the Prevention of the Increafe of F ire,- fhall have fuch Damages as the Common Council {hall a-’ ward ; and that all Perfons labouring therein {halt be awarded, as by Order of the Court of Alder-' men fhall be appointed -, and that a Rate be laid by the Common Council on the remaining Houfes of the City and Liberties; for the Satisfying thereof. , XXIV. Item, That once a Quarter the Deputy and Common Council of every Ward return Cer-" tificates to the Lord Mayor and Court of Alder- men, of the Numbers and Condition of their Buckets, Engines, Ladders, and all other Necef— faries of that nature. And the Engineer to exa- mine the fame, that on all Occafions they may be found in Readinefs; and that the Certificates of .Mz'e/atzelmtzs (filarterbe returned as Well to the Lord Mayor Eleé‘t, as to the Lord Mayor. XXV. Item, That fuch Qiantities of Powder. as {hall be thought fit by the Lord Mayor and Court of Aldermen, {hall be provided by the fe— veral Wards, and the feveral Companies of this' City refpeé‘tively, and laid up in fuch convenient Places as the faid Lord Mayor and Court of Al- dermen {hall from Time to Time direét and ap- point; and that the principal Engineer make] Trial of all fuch Powder, that, being fatisfied of the Strength and Goodnefs thereof, he may the better ufe it accordingly. XXVI. Item, That no Perfon Whatfoever be henceforth permitted at any Time to make, or, caufe to be made, any fort of F ire-work’s, or to fire, or caufe to be fired, any fuch Fireworks, ‘ within the City or Liberties thereof , except fuch Perfons only as Ihall be thereunto appointed by his Majel’ty, or any lawful Authority under him. XXVII. Item, That no Gunpowder be kept within the Walls of the City, except as aforefaid, but in iuch fecure Places as Ihal-l be allowed and approved by the Court of Aldermen. XXVIII. That no Perfon lay Hemp, Flax, Wax, Gunpowder, Pitch, Tar, Brimfione, Ro- fin, or the like combui‘tible Commodities, in any Cellar, VJarehoufe, or other Place, on that Side next the Street, which by the Shaking of Links, Torches, or Cafting in of other Fire at the Win-’ dows next the Street, may be in Danger of fuch Fire. _ ' And it is farther enaéted and ordained by the Authority aforefaid, that all and fingular the’ Pains, Penalties and Forfeitures, which {hall be‘ forfeited or incurred by Virtue of this Aét, fhall be obtained, levied, and recovered, either by Ac- tion of Debt, Bill, Plaint, or Information, in the Name of the Chamberlain of the faid City for the Time being, in the King’s Majei’ty’s Court holden in the Chamber of the Guild—bull of the" faid City, before the Lord Mayor and Aldermen» . of the {aid City for the Time being. In which 4 E ‘ , he i9: The City pro- pounds to in- fure Houfes from Fire. Simmer for preventing Fires. no Elfoign, Protection, or Wager of Law, ihall be admitted or allowed for the Defendant. And . the'Chamberlain of the faid City for the Time being, in all Suits to be profecuted by Virtue of this Aft againfié any Offender or Offenders, fhall recover the ordinary Cofts of Suit, to be ex- ;ended in or about the Profecution of them, or any of them. And that all fuch Pains, Penalties, and F orfeitures, the Charges of Suit for Recovery thereof being firft deducted, {hall be divided into two equal Parts, one Moiety whereof to be paid unto the Treafurer (if Clari/l’s Hofpital for the Time being, to be employed toward the Mainte- nance of the poor Children harboured and kept in the faid Hofpital; and the other Moiety to him or them that will fue for the fame, any other he: or Ordinance to, the centrary thereof not~ withftanding. A V E R 2”. And as the Government of London had taken the beft Orders they could for the Preventing and Supprefling of Fires ; f0, in the Year I 68 1, they fet themfelves upon contriving the Infurance of Houfes in Cafe of Fire. At a Meeting of the Mayor, Aldermen, and Commons of the City, they declared how they had for many Years un- ’ der their Confideration the better fecuring and in- A Fund of 100000 I. to be fettled for it. furing the Inhabitants of this City and Liberties from dangerous Accidents happening by Fire ; and now were refolved forthwith to engage a fuf- ficient 'Fund, and undoubted Security, by the Chamber, in Lands and good Ground Rents, for the Performance thereof. And that a Committee, thereunto appointed, {hould meet from Day to Day in the Guild-ball, every Afternoon, from Three to Six, to perfect the fame Undertaking, to the good Satisfaétion of all Perfons, both Ci— tizens’ and others, that have, or lhall have In- terelt in any Building there. , This Notice was publilhed in Print, being da- ted at Guildhall, the 15th of Ofioler, I681. ; I Purfuant to this, at a Common Council, Sir film Moore, Mayor, Noveméer 16, 1681, it was agreed, that Books fhould be prepared by the F irft of Decemlrer following, and lodged in the Chamber of London, for receiving and entering Subfcriptions: And that Lands and Ground Rents belonging to the City, to the'Value of one hun- dred thouf'and Pounds, fhould be forthwith fet- tled as a Fund, to enfure fuch Houfes as lhould be fubfcribed for. And that hereafter, as Sub- fcriptions ihould be made, a further additional Fund, by the Premium which fhould be received, Ihould be made. The Premium for infuring. Brick Houfes to be 41. per Cert. and. for Tim- ber Houfes, 81. per Cem‘. ‘ ' But this would not take, perhaps, becaufe the ‘ better preventing Jilzfiliz'efy'l/bdt mdy happen by ‘ Fire, be forthwith printed, andifent into Beadles delivered to every Houfekeeper, that all Servants may be acquainted With the fame, and know the Penalties therein con— tained: Whicthlaufe hereafter follows, ‘vzz. ‘ ‘ ‘ And, whereas Fires often happen by the Neg- ligence and Carelefnefs of Servants, be it therefore enaéted by the Authority aforefaid, that if any Menial, or other Servant or Servants, through Negligence or Carelefnefs, {hall fire or caufe to be fired, any Dwelling- I-Ioufe, or Out-Houfe or Houfes; fuch Ser— vant or Servants, being thereof lawfully convicted, by the Oath of one or more cre— dible Witnelfes, made before two or more of her Majefities Jul’tices of the Peace, fhall forfeit and pay the Sum of one ’hundred Pounds, unto the Churchwardens of fuch Pariih where fuch Fire fliall happen, to be diftributed amongfr the Sufferers by fuch Fire, in fuch Proportions as to the} faid Churchwardens {hall feem jufi. And in Cafe of Default or Refufal to pay the fame, im- mediately after fuch Conviction, the fame being lawfully demanded by the [aid Church- wardens ; that then, and in fuch Cafe, fuch Servant or Servants ihall, by Warrant under the Hand of two or more of her Majefties Juftices of the Peace, be committed to fome Workhoufe, or Houfe of Correétion, as the faid Jul’tices {hall think fit, for the Space of eighteen Months, there to be kept to hard Labour.’ 0 l‘ 1‘ 0"" C C é C L ¢ C C ¢ C K C C C '( ¢ 6 C K ‘ C C C C C C C GIBSON. A Statute was made, 7 Regin. flame, Cap. I 7', for Preventing of Fires, that Engines fhould be provided and kept in.every Parilh, and Stock- blocks, and F ire-Cocks, and other Implements and Materials for that Ufe. But that, if the Veil- tries within the weekly Bills of Mortality {hall think it neeeffary to have more than one great :Engine, or Hand Engine, they may provide it jat the Parilh Charge, by Alfeflinent to be made. And concerning Party-Walls, in the fame Sta- gtute, it was enaéted, that they be Wholly of Brick .or Stone, excepting the Houfes. built upon L012- :don-Brz'dge. And that all Houfes to be built on old or new Foundations, Within the Billsof Mor- ;tality, except on London-Bridge, and on the Ri- Ever Thames below Bridge, {hall have Party-Walls lbetween Houfe and Houfe, wholly of Brick or Stone, except Door Cafes, Windows, Lentils, Go. All Party—Walls to be built nine Inches on. each Man’s Ground, és’c. Book I. the feveral Wards of this City, and by the ' Engines to be kept in every Parilh. Paint-Walls; Credit of the City at this Time was but low. ‘ Thefe fadAecidents in the City by Fire, occa- fioned oftentimes by the Negligence of Servants taking Tobacco, or not putting out their Can- dies, or putting live Embers in dangerous Pla- ces, or otherwife -, moved the Parliament, in the fixth Year of Qieen flare, to make an Act, . The Splendor and Advantages to which the State of the City is now advanced, though by Means of that Cit)” by ‘fad Providence, Dr. Woodward, of Grcflmm Cal— 1:36;“: (19(33):. lege, excellently fkilled in Roman and ancient i: m m" Learning, as well as his own Science of Phyfic, Yfl’hodward, hath exprelfed in a private Letter to Sir Clirzjlo- “,4 D' . pber Wren .- ‘ That the Fire of London, however xiinciiiiif wherein was a Claufe for the Punifhment of fuch ‘ difafterous it might be to the then Inhabitants, digéEd up ' Servants. [And by an Act of Common Council, ‘ had proved- infinitely beneficial to their Pofie- near RIM/- Sir PVz'llz'am Millers, Mayor, it was thought fit to ‘ rity, and to the Increafe and vall: Improvement, 8“”- be printed and made public, and- to be fent into as well of the Riches and Opulency, as of the all the Wards of the City, that all Perfons What- Buildings. And how by the Means of the foever might be the better acquainted with it; common Sewers, and other like Contrivances, and was as followeth: _ fuch Provifion was made for Sweetnefs, for Martls, '8 Die Junii, flmw Dom. I708, Cleannefs, and for Salubrity, that it is not . . only the finei’c and pleafantefl, but the molt flnaoqur Regm Reg"? ANNJE’ Magma healthy City in the World. Infomuch that for Brztmmm, &c. fi’ptzmo. the Plague, and other infectious Dii’cempers, ‘ -‘ T is this Day ordered by this Court, That with which it was formerly f0 frequently an— ‘ the Claufe relating to Servants in a late noyed, and by which f0 great Numbers of the ‘ Aft of Parliament, intitled, .472 A67 for tlae ‘ Inhabitants were taken off, but the very Year 2 . ‘ before The Punilh- ments of Ser- vants, by whofe Care- lefnefs Fires happen. 6 C C 6 ¢ C C ¢ C ‘ .Cha p. XXIX . Anoiont (Io/20m for Tracie. ‘ before the Fire, viz. Anna 1665, an Experi— ‘ ence of above forty Years fince hath fhewn it ‘ fo wholly freed from, that he thought it pro-l 493 p, ‘ bable it was. no longer obnoxious to, or ever / ‘ again likely to be intefted by thofe fo fatal and ‘ malicious Maladies.’ A ,1 > c H A P. XXIX.. , . flncz’em‘ Coo/Zorn: for Trade and Merchandize. W/oirlicotes‘. Great Horifiéoopa ing in London: And Hofiiraliry. Spam: and Pnflz'mes. Comedies and Stage Play: reflrnz'nea’. Shooting in the Bow. 722/223 Cock—fighting. Watches. The Wombat Midfummer. “ The More!) than through the City. . Y way of Appendix to this firfi: Book, here {hall be added fome other Things, that will afford a further Light into the Conflitution and which the Buyers do efpecially regard for Pace and Swiftnefs. The Boys which ride thefe Horfes, fometimes Two, fometimes Three, do A Tranfition to ldivers old Cufioms and fl 1‘ 1‘ 0 fl Ufaéfs' S Practices of this City, in ancient Times : Some run Races for W agers, with a Defire of Praife, , 172‘; whereof Fitz-flop/oen, a _Writer~ in the Reign of or Hope of Viélory. _ King Henry II, hath taken Notice of. As, in ‘ In another Part of that Field are to be fold what Streets and Parts of the City, the feveral " all Implements of Hulbandry, as alfo fat Swine, Citizens had their Shops, and ufed their Trades. ‘ inilch Kine, Sheep and Oxen. There {land alfo Next, from their Bufinefs and Employment, to ‘ Mares and Horfes, fit for Ploughs and Teams, defcend to their Sports and Paf’times, wherein, in ‘ with their young Colts by them. thofe Times, they exercifed themfelves. And, be- ‘ At this City, Merchant Strangers of all Na- Merchants of caufe herein many Exorbitances often happened, ‘ tions had their Keys and Wharfs. The drooi— all Nations _ therefore Watches were appointed. Some Things ‘ ans fent Gold -, the Snoenns, Spice and Frank~ gide‘lari‘; {121; Ihall be fhewn concerning thofe Watches. And, ‘ incenfe ; the Scyrbionr, Armour : Booylon Oil g, may; Mm; lai’tly, the Memory of many brave Citizens ‘ India, Purple Garments: Egypt, precious Stones: Keys and {hall be revived, and their Noble and right Chrif- ‘ Norway and Ruflm, ‘ Ambergreafe and Sables , Wharfs- tian Aéts be mentioned, for their Honour, and ‘ and the Frenchmen, Wine. the Imitation of Polterity. ‘ According to the Truth of Chronicles, this The Author’s Trades and And, firl’c, concerning the feveral Streets and ‘ City is ancienter than Rome; built by the ancia Opinion of Merchandize- Places appropriated for each Trade and Mer— ‘ ent Trojans, and by Brut-e, before that was built 213:9"); ‘ th‘ ehandize. Under which, fome other occafional ‘ by Romulus and Remus, and therefore ufeth th:,;%'}:y Matters will fall in, from the Relation of Fitz- ‘ the ancient Cuftoms of Rome. fieploon, concerning the Orders and Cultoms of ‘ This City, even as Rome, is divided into This City diA . this City in old Time] ‘Wards. It hath yearly Sheriffs, inl’tead of Con- vided into Men of all Fitz—flep/oen faith as followeth: ‘ Men of all fuls. It hath the Dignity of Senators, in Al- Wards, m0" Tradesindif. ‘ dermen. It hath Under-Officers, Common $§ziis4liice; tinél: Places. «2 Trades, Sellers of all Sorts of Wares, Labour- 6 ers in every Work, every Morning are in their dii’tinét and feveral Places. “0‘ fl 1‘" fl Sewers, and Conduits in Streets. According to. and am, had the Qiality of Caufes, it hath general Courts then both A1- dermen and Winciri ‘ Furthermore, in London, upon the River- and Alfemblies upon appointed Days. Sheriffs Ships,_ and ‘ fide, between the Wine in Ships, and the Wine ‘ I do not think that there is any City, where-- Cufioms of vacm Ta‘ ‘ to be fold in Taverns, is a common Cookery, ‘ in are better Cufioms, in frequenting the London. ’ (3:2ijqu in ‘ or Cooks—row; where daily, for the Seafon of ‘ Churches, in ferving God, in keeping Holy-v T/m’nmflroet. ‘ the Year, Men might have Meat, roai’t, fod, ‘ days, in giving Aims, in entertaining Stran- 7 ‘ or fried : F ifh, F lcfh, F owls, fit for Rich and ‘ gers, in folemnizing Marriages, in furnilhing ‘ Poor. ‘ Banquets, celebrating Funerals, and burying ‘ If any come fuddenly to any Citizen from ‘ dead Bodies. ‘ afar, weary, and not willing to tarry till the ‘ T he‘only Plagues of London are immoderate Plagues or ‘ Meat be bought and drefl'ed; while the Servant ‘ Qiaffing among the foolilh Sort, and often Ca- éomfih $1.35 ‘ bringeth Water for his Mafier’s Hands, and ‘ fualties by Fire. ' "g an “e‘ ‘ fetcheth Bread, he {hall have immediately, : ‘ Molt Part of the Bifhops, Abbots, and great Billlops, Ab. ‘ from the River—fide, all Viands whatfoever he ‘ Lords of the Land, have Houfes there -, where— bfté’ i513?“ ‘ defireth. : ‘ unto they refort, and bef’tow much, when they {16: “e“ ‘ What Multitude foever, either of Soldiers, ‘ are called to Parliament by the King, or to Sy- ‘ or Strangers, do come to the City, whatfoever ‘ nods by their Metropolitan, or otherwife by ‘ Hour, Day or Night, according to their Plea- , ‘ their private Bufinefs.’ ‘ fures, may refrelh themfelves. And they which Thus far Fitzvflep/oen, of the Eftate of thefe ghanges/Jfinte ‘ delight in Delicatenefs, may be fatisfied with Things in his Time. Whereunto may be added file/l"? "’3 ‘ as delicate DlthS there, as may be found elfe- the prefent, by Comparing whereof the Altera- ‘ where. tion will eafily appear. . . ‘ And this Cooks-row is very necefi‘ary to the Men of Trades, and Sellers of Wares in this ‘ City: and, according to Pinto and Gorgz'os, City, have oftentimes fince changed their Places, ‘ next to Phyfic, is the Office of Cooks, as Part as they have found their beft Advantage. For, ‘ of a City. whereas Mercers and Haberdafhers ufed Wholly Smitbfielda ‘ Without one of the Gates is a fmooth [or then to keep their Shops in Waylcbenp, of later gal“ {Igo‘ph ‘ Smet/oo] Field, both in Name and Deed; where Time, they held them on London-Brzdgo, where “mango; ‘ every Friday, unlefs it be a folemn bidden ‘Holy- partly they do yet remain. ‘ swab, or ‘ day, is a notable Shew of Horfes to be fold. The Goldfmiths of Gutter-Zone, and the Old Swat/viaMar- ‘ Earls, Barons, Knights, and Citizens, repair Exchange, are now, for the molt Part, removed ~ EggffiEMfes ‘ thither to fee, or buy. There may you of Plea- into the fouth Side of Walt/poop. emf; 6‘ ‘ fure fee Amblers pacing it delicately. There The Pepperer‘s and Grocers, of Sayer-Zone, are ‘ may you fee Trotters, fit for Men of Arms, now in Buckler/oury, and other Places’ldxfperfed. ‘ fetting more hardly. There may you have no- The Drapers of Lombard-fired, and of Corn- ‘ table young Horfes, not yet broken: May bill, are feated in Condiewzck-flreet and Wotlzng- you have f’trong Steeds, well limbed Geldings, fireet. The 294 The Skinners from St. MaryPellioer’s,-,orr at the Axe, into Budge-Row andWalhroo/e. The Stock Filbmo‘ngers in" Thames—fired. Wet Fifhmongers in Knight-ride‘rs'fireet’ and flreet. V ., .. . The Ironmongers of Ironmongers—lane, and Old 7ewry, into Thames-flreet. ' ' v The Vintners, from the Vintry, into divers Places. , — But the Brewers, for‘ the molt Part, remain near to the friendly Water of Thames. The Butchers, in Eaficheap, and St. Nicholas Shamhles, and the Stocks-Market. \ _ The Hofiers, of old Time, in Hofier—lane, near unto Smithfiela', are fince removed into Cordwainer- fireet, the upper Part thereof, by Bow Church; and, lalt of all, into Birchin-lane, by Cornhill. The Shoemakers and Curriers, of Cordwainer- fireet, removed, the one to St. Martin’s le Grand, the other to London-wall, near to Moorgate. The Founders remain by themfelves in Loth— hur v. The Cooks or ‘Pafielars, for the molt Part, in Thames-flreet 5 the others difperfed into divers ' Parts. The Poulterers, of late, removed out of the Poul- try, betwixt the Steele: and the great Conduit in Cheap, into Gracechurch-fi‘reet and St. Nicholas Shamhles. _ Bowyers from Bowyers-row, by Ludgate, into die vers Parts, and almolt worn out with the F letchers. The Pater—holler Bead—makers, and Text-Wri— ters, are gone out of Pater-no/ter-row, and are called Stationers of St. Paul’s Church—yard. The Patten Makers, of St, Margaret Patten’s— lane, clean worn out. Labourers every VVork-day are to be found in Cheap, about Safer-lane End. Horfe-Courfers and Sellers of Oxen, Sheep, Swine, and fuch-like, remain in their old Mar- ket of Smithfield, &c. Merchants of That Merchants of all Nations had their Keys 3-“ Nations- and Wharfs at this City, whereunto they brought their Merchandizes, before, and in the Reign of Henry II, mine Author wrote, of his own Know- ledge, to be true ; though, for the Antiquity of the City, he took the common Opinion. Antiquity of _ Alfo, that this City was, in his Time, and be- the GOVem’ fore, divided into Wards; had yearly Sheriffs mem‘ and Aldermen, general Courts and Alfemblies, and fuch-like Notes by him fet down, in Com- mendation of the Citizens, whereof there is no Qiel’tion : He wrote likewife of his own Expe— rience, as being born and brought up amongl’t them. And [to confirm his Opinion] concerning Mer- chandizes then hither tranfported, whereof haply may be fome Argument -, Thomas Oxford, befbre Fitz—fiephen’s Time, writing of King Edward the Confejfor, faith to this Effect : ‘ King Edward, in— ‘ tending to make his Sepulehre at Weflminfler, ‘ for that it was near to the famous City of Lon- ‘ den, and the River of Thames, which brought ‘ in all Kinds of Merchandizes from all Parts of ‘ the World, €9’c.’ And William of Malm/hury, that lived in the Reigns of l/Villiam the Fir/i and Second, Henry the Firfl, and King Stephen, calleth this a Noble City, full of wealthy Citizens -, frequented with the Trade of Merchandizes from all Parts of the World. Alfo I read in divers Records, That, in old Time, no Woad was flowed or harhoured in this Ci- ty, hut all was prefently fold in the Ships, except hy Licenfe purchafed of the Sherzfit. Till of more later Time, to wit, in the Year 1236, Andrew Bohe— rell being Mayor, by .AiTent of the principal Citizens, the Merchants of dmiens, Nele, and Corhy, purchafed Letters, fealed with the common Seal of the City, that they, when they come, 2 . Antiquity of Merchandize in London. The. C/iflhrtl. ”I. lifal'n/hu Cit/lorns for Trade. Purpreflures. Bridge- ' - for Licenfe to harbour their Woads -, till it was 'Ifland, but Chariots, or Whirlicotes, then to cal- . 'led; and they only ufed of Princes, or Men of L’b- S-Ma’? ,ter to the King of Bohemia, that firfl: brought Book I. might harbour, their Woads 5 and! therefore {hould give the Mayor, every Year, fifty Marks Sterling. And thev‘fame Year they gave an hundred'Pounds, toward Conveying. of Water from Tyhurn to this City. . ‘ " . Alfo the Merchant; Strangers privileged . Merchants of Normandy made Fine, otherwife provided, in the Year 1263, Thomas Fitz—Thomas being Mayor, 8e. Which proveth, that then, as before, they were here, among other Nations, privileged. It followeth in Fitz—ftephen, that the Plagues of London, in that Time, were immoderate Quafing among Fools, and often Cafualties hy Fire. For the F irf’t, to wit, of (huffing, it continu— eth as before, or, rather, is mightily increafed, though greatly qualmed among the poorer Sort -, not of an holy Abfiinency, but of mere Necef—‘ fity : ,Ale and Beer being fmall, and Wines, in Price, above their Reach. - As for Prevention of Cafualties by Fire, the Houfes in this City being then built all of Time ber, and covered with Thatch of Straw, or Reed -, it was long fince thought good Policy in our Fore—fathers wifely to provide, namely, in the Year of Chril’t I 189, the firf’t Year of Rich— ard the Irir/t, Henry Fitz—alwin being then May- or, that all Men, in this City, Ihould build their Houfes of Stone, up to a certain Height; and to cover them with Slate, or Brick, or Tile. Since which Time there have not happened the like often confuming Fires in this City, as before. But now, in our Time, inf’tead of thefe Enor- mities, others are come in Place, no lefs meet to be reformed. And firl’t, and namely, Purpref— tures, or Incroachments on the Highways, Lanes, and common Grounds, in and about this City. Then the Numbers of Cars, Drays, Carts, and Coaches, more than hath been accuftomed, the Streets and Lanes being fizreightened, mul’t needs be dangerous, as daily Experience proveth. The Coachman rides behind the Horfe-Tails, laiheth them, and looketh not about him. The Drayman fitteth and fleepeth on his Dray, and letteth his Horfe lead him home. I know, that, by the good Laws and Cuftoms of this City, lhod Carts are forbidden to enter the fame, except upon reafonable Caufes, as Service of the PrinCe or fuch-like, they be to-. lerated. Alfo, that the F ore-Horfe of every Car— riage {hall be led by Hand. But thefe good Or- ders are not obferved. Of old Time, Coaches were not known in this @afiing an ancient Vice ere. Cafualties by Fire. Lih. Conflirut. Lih. Horne. Lih. Clerhen; twell. ' Purprel’cures‘ in and about this City. Carts and Drays, not well governed in this City, dangerous. Riding in Whirlicotes. great Eftates, fuch as had their F ootmen about {Momma them. And for Example to note, I read that Richard II, being threatened by the Rebels of Kent, rode from the Tower of London to the .Miles-End, and with him his Mother, becaufe {he was lick and weak, in a Whirlicote, the Earls of Buckingham, Kent, Warwick, and Oxford, Sir Thomas Percie; Sir Rohert Knowles, the Mayor of London, Sir Auhery de Vere that bare the King’s Sword, with otherKnights and Efquires, attending on Horfeback. But in the Year next following Women iirlt the faid Richard, who took to Wife Anne Daugh~ Riding on fide Saddles, that were wont to ride afiride. Riding in Coaches. hither the Riding upon Sideladdles 3 and fo was the Riding in thofe VVhirlicotes and Chariots for- faken, except at Coronations, and fuch-like Spec— tacles. But now of late Years the Ufe of Coaches, brought out of Germany, is taken up and made fo common, as there is neither Difiinétion of Time, nor Difference of Perlons, obferved; for Irin‘rz-J- the World runs on Wheels with many whofe Pa- phen. rents were glad to go on Foot. Lords Lafi of all, mine Author, in this Chapter, hath $2258?ng thefe Words: Mofi Part of the Biflaops, Ahhots, and Eeeping in great Lands”. \ ‘ Chap. XXIX. and Freemen of London, had many fair Houfes to refort unto, and many rich and wealthy Gentlemen [pent their Money there. .sc'me Noble— To mention here a few of thefe Noblemen’s men’s Houfes Houfes, and the Streets where they flood. In the in the Cit)“ Depofitions in the great Caufe of Arms between I" S Reginald LordGrey .of Ruthyn and Sir Edward Peter le IVque Hot/tings, in the Time of Henry IV, it appears, Norroy; MSS. that john the lafl; Earl of Pemhrohe, who died at rm’di‘fi-CW/‘e Wood/took, had a _Houfe and lived in London in 1’6”“ "/lm‘ the Parifh of ~ jufl: by the Priory of St. Helen’s ; and yohn his Father, Earl of Pemhrohe, lived in a Houfe in the Parifh of St. Mary Attehil [ i. C. St. Mary Hill.] And Reginald Lord Grey of 33$]: Ruthyn’s Manfion Houfewas in the Parifh of St. 743. . . flndrew by Eaflehea'p, in the 10th Year of that King. And PVilliam Beauehamp had a Houfe and Chapel by Pater—nofler—row,. London. And in the Time of Richard II. Sir Harry Percy had a Houfe in PVoodfireet, of that Spacioufnefs, that he was able there to entertain the King, two Dukes, of Lancafler and York, two Earls, Earl Marfhal and his Father the Earl of Northumherland, and di- vers others. And many other Manfions of the great Men of the Kingdom will be met with, in the Procefs of this Hiltory.] Young Men And, in another Place, he hath thefe Words : CXCI'CHC , Every Sunday in Lent, a fre/h Company of young mamaIFeats' Il/Ien come into the Fields on Horfehaeh, and the heft Horfemen conduit the refi. Then march forth the Ci— tizens Sons, and other young Men with difarmed Lanees and Shields, and prattifle Feats of War. Il/Iany Courtiers lihe'wife, and flttendants upon No- hlemen, repair to this Exereife. And, whil/l the Hope - of Vittory doth inflame their Mnds, they do jhew good Proof how fir‘vieeahle they would he in Martial Alf— fairs, 53°C. Again he faith, This City, in the trou- hlefome Time of King Stephen, [heaved at a Mufler twenty T houjand armed Horfl’men, and forty T hou- fand Footmen, firvieeahle for the Wars, &c. All which Sayings of the Author, well con— fidered, do plainly prove, that in 'thofe Days the Inhabitants and Repairers to this City, of what Eltate foever, Spiritual or Temporal, having Houfes here, lived together in good Amity with the Citizens, every Man obferving the Cuftoms and Orders of theCity, and ehofe to be contri- butary to Charges here, rather than in any Part The Caul‘es of the Land wherefoever. This City being the ofgreater Heart of the Realm, the King’s Chamber, and figfirsagl Princes Seat, whereunto they made Repair, and this City of fhewed their Forces both of Horfes and of Men, old Time, which caufed in troublefome Times, as of King 1““ than °f Stephen, the Mufters of this City to be to great ' m' ., in Number. ‘ Great Families of old Time hept. Great Fami- , And here, by Way of Digreflion, to touch ligin‘jligt fomewhat of great Families and Houfholds kept in former Times by Noblemen, and great Ef’tates of this Realm, according to their Honours and Dignities : I have feen an Account made by The Earl of Henry Leieefler, Cofi'erer to Thomas Earl of Lan— Lamfler’s rafter, for one whole Year’s Expences in the iguafilfleep’ Earl’s Houfe, from the Day next after Michael- Chargethere- mas, in the feventh Year of Edward II, until of for one .Miehaelmas in the eighth Year of the fame King, £621“ , amounting to the Sum of feven Thoufand nine ecords of pomfmfl, as hundred fifty {even Pounds, thirteen Shillings, I could ob- and four Pence Half—penny, as followeth: mi" of Mr- To wit, in the Pantry, Buttery, and Kitchen, ,Cudner. 3405 1. 5996‘. For one Hundred and eighty-four Tons, one Pipe of Red or Claret Wine, and one Ton of White-Wine, bought for the Houfe, 104.1. . 17 s. 6 d. For Grocery Ware, 1801. 17 s. For fix Barrels of Sturgeon, 191. Ancient Houfiheeping‘. . great Lords of the Land, as if they were Citizens ’ 295 For fix Thouf'and eight-HundredStoek F iflies; fo called, and for dried 'Fifhes'of all forts,‘as“ Lings, Haberdines, and other, 41 l; 6 5. 7d.“ ’ For one Thoufan‘d {even Hundred and four: teen Pounds of Wax, with Vermilion and Turr- pentine, to make red Wax, 3141. 75; 4. d. ob. For two Thoufand three Hundred and nineteen Pounds of Tallow Candles for the Houfhold, and, one Thoufand eight Hundred and -feventy, 6f 3 Lights for Paris Candles, called Perchers," 311:~ 14-3. 3 d. ’ - . -' Expenceson the Earl’s great Horfes, and the; Keeper’s Wages, 4861. 4 s. 3 d. ob.- _ , Linnen Cloth for the Lord and his Chaplains, and for the Pantry, 43 l. 17 s. f For one Hundred and twenty-nine Dozen of Parchment, with Ink, 4]. 8 3. 3d. ob. « Sum, 12301. 17 s. 7d. ob. Item, For two Cloths of' Scarlet, for the Earl :59 Cloths in againft Chri/tmas, .one Cloth of Ruffet for the 5376““ 3: Bifhop of flnjou, feventy Cloths of Blue for the agile/”117‘. Knights, as they were then termed; fifteen Cloths - ‘ of Medley for the Lord’s Clerks, twenty—eight Cloths for the El‘quires, fifteen Cloths for Officers, nineteen Cloths for Grooms, five Cloths for Ar- chers, four Cloths for Minf’trels and Carpenters, with the Sharing and Carriage for the Earl’s Li-s- veries at Chri/t‘mas, 460 1. 15 5. Item, For feven Furs of variable Miniver, or . powdered Ermin 5 {even Hoods of Purple, three Hundred and ninety-five Furs of Budge, for the Liveries of Barons, Knights, and Clerks 5 one Hundred and twenty-three Furs of Lambs for Efquires, bought at Chriftmas, 14.71. 17 s. 8 d. Item, Sixty-five Cloths falfion Colour, for the m4 Cloths it; Barons and Knights. In Summer, twelve red Liveries in Cloths mixt for Clerks, twenty—fix Cloths Ray Summer. for Efquires, one Cloth Ray for Officers Coats in Summer, and four Cloths Ray for Carpets in the Hall, 3451. 133. 8 (1. Item, One hundred Pieces of green Silk for the Knights, fOurteen Budge Furs for Surcoats, thirteen Hoods of Budge for Clerks, and feventy- five Furs of Lambs for the LordsLiveries in Summer, with Canvas and Cords to trufs them, 721. 19 5. Item, Saddles for the Lords Liveries in Sums mer, 511. 63. 8d. . Item, For one Saddle for the Earl of the Prince’s Arms, 2 1.» Sum, 10791. 18 3. 3d. _ , Item, For Things bought, whereof nothing can be read in my Note, 241 1. 14 s. I d. ob. For Horfes 1011: in Service of the Earl, 8 1. 6 s. 8 d. . Fees paid to Earls, Barons, Knights, and Ef- quires, 6231. 1'5 8. 5 d. , . In Giftsto Knights of France, the (been of England’s Nurfes, to the Countefs of Warren, E; fquires, Mini’trels, Mefl'engers, and Riders, 921.1 I4 5. . .. 4 Item, One hUndred and fixty-eight Yards of Northern Rut—3 Ruffet Cloth, and twenty four Coats for poor {eta Tllffyard Men, with Money given to the Poor on Maundy 31m; T hurfday, 81. 16 s. 7 d. a broad], Ihave Item, Twenty—four filver Difhes, fo many Saw: feen fold for cers, and f0 many Cups for the Buttery, one Pair .g’rfdpcgf‘fi‘h‘ of Pater-n‘of’ters, and one filver Coffin, bought was good this Year, 103 l. 5 s. 6d. Cloth of a To divers MeITengers about the Earl’s Bufia Jmmgled 00" nefs, 341. 19 s. 8 d. ‘ _ our' In the Earl’s Chamber, 5 1. To divers Men for the Earl’s 01d Debts, 881.- 16 s. ob. q.- " Sum, 12071. 7 s. 11 d. ob. q. ‘ ' g. The Expences of the Countefs atj’zeherzng, for T1"; COW: . the Time of this Account, as in the Pantry, Buts 2:? 5 EXPW" tery, Kitchen, and other Places, concerning thefe ' Offices, 2851. 13 s.‘ 4d. ob 4. F ‘ In =96 In Wine, Wax, Spices, Cloaths, Furs, and o- ther Things for4the Countefs’s Wardrobe, 154.1. 7 5. 4d. ob. Sum, 4.391. 8 3. 6d. q. Summn totnlzlr of the whole Expences, 7957 l. I 3 s. 4. d. ob. Thus much for this Earl of Lnneafier. Moreover, I read, that in the 14th of the fame Edw'II. Hug/9 Spencer, the elder, condemned by the Commonalty, was baniihed the Realm. At Record Taw- er. Hug/J Spen- cer the elder’s Provifion for Houfekeep- which Time it was found, by Inquifition, that ing: Which the faid Spencer had, in fundry Shires, fifty—nine flic‘veg‘ a., Manors : He had twenty-eight Thoufand Sheep, fgikaZTH one Thoufand Oxen and Steers, twelve Hundred Houlhold. Kine with their Calves, forty Mares with their Colts,one Hundred and fiXty drawing Horfes, two Thoufand Hogs, three Hundred Bullocks, forty Tons ofWine, fix Hundred Bacons, eighty Car«- cafes of Martinmn: Beef, fix Hundred Muttons in Larder, ten Tons of Cyder, His Armour, Plate, Jewels, and ready Money, .better than 10000 1. thirty-fix Sacks of Wool, and a Library of Books. Thus much the Record. Which Provifion for Houihold fheweth a great Family there to be kept. Roéertf‘aln‘a”, Nearer to our Time, I read in the 36th of Hen— Manufcript. 7} VI. that, the greater Eitates of the Realm be— Grea‘NOble' ing called up to London, $62,222:? Up The Earl of Snlzflmry came up to London with five Hundred Men on Horfeback, and was lodg— ed in the Herber. Richard Duke of Tor/e, with four Hundred Men, lodged at Bnynard’s Cnfile. The Dukes of Exeter and Somerfet, with eight Hundred Men. The Earl of Nortlynmberlnnd, the Lord Egre— mont, and the Lord Clzflord, with fifteen Hun— dred Men. New”; Earl Ric/yard New]! Earl of Warwick, with fix Hun- Of W'ar-wicé's Houfekeep- , ragged Staves before and behind, and was lodg- "1g. ed in Warwick—Zane ; in whofe Houfe there were, oftentimes, fix Oxen eaten at a Breakfait; and every Tavern was full of his Meat, for he that had any Acquaintance in that Houfe, might have there f0 much of boiled and wait Meat, as he could prick and carry upon a long Dagger. Rickard Redmnn, Biihop of E1}, flnno 1500, the 17th of Henry VII, befides his great Family, Houfekeepin g, Alms-difh, and Relief to the Poor wherefoever he was lodged: In his Travelling, at his Coming or Going to or from’any Town, the Bells being rung, all the Poor would come together, to whom he gave every one Sixpence, at the leafli. The great And now to note of our own Time fomewhat. Houfekeep- Not omitting in this Place Thoma: Woolfey, Arch- ing 0f 777mm bifhop of York and Cardinal : His Servants dai- glf’gfifgyihi‘ord 1y attending in his Houfe were about four Hun- of Hr}.- P dred, Omitting his Servants Servants, which were many. You {hall underfl'and, that he had in his Hall, continually, three Tables or Boards, kept with three principal Officers; to wit, a Steward, who was always a Prieft; a Treafurer, a Knight; and a Comptroller, an Efquire: Alfo. a Cofierer, being a Doctor; three Marfhals, three Yeomen Uihers in the Hall, befides two Grooms and Almo- ners. Then, in the Hall-Kitchen, two Clerks of the Kitchen, a Clerk Comptroller, a Surveyor of the Drefi‘er, a Clerk of the Spicery; all which . together kept alfo a continual Mefs in the Hall : 05cm {0, Alib, in his Hall-Kitchen, hehad of Maflzer Cooks the I-Iall-Kit- tWo, and 'of other Cooks, Labourers, and Chil- 31ml; Malt!” dr’en of the Kitchen, twelve Perfons ; four Yeo- aligns: an men of the ordinary Scullery, four Yeomen of the filver Scullery, two Yeomen of the Pai’try, with two other Paitelers under the Yeomen. In the Privy Kitchen, he had a Mailer Cook, who went daily in Velvet and Sattin, with a Chain 2 Rhea-.1 Raz— man, Bifllop of El}. A. M. Taken from Stow’s Annal. F or the Privy Kitchen. Great Hon/ekeeping. film/deeds. dred Men, all in red Jackets, embroidered with. Book II. 1 of Gold about his Neck, and trim Other Yeomen, , and a Groom. . man and two Grooms ; in. the Pantry, two Yeo- houfe, 1’3“; i men; in the Buttery, tWO Yeomen, two Grooms, ‘ and two Pages ; in the Chandery, two Yeomen; Wafery’ In the Scalding-houfe, a Yeo- scalding, try, Buttery, Chandery, in. the Wafery, two Yeomen ; in the Wardrobe Wardrobe of of Beds, the Mailer of the Wardrobe, 'and ten 0- Beds- ther Perfons attending ; in the Laundry, a Yeo- Laundry. man, a Groom, thirty Pages, two Yeomen Pur- veyors, and one Groom; in the Bake-h0ufe, a Bakehoufe, Yeoman and two Grooms ; in the Wood-yard, a Wood-Yard, Yeoman and a Groom; in the Barn, one; in the gam’BGar‘ Garden, a Yeoman and two Grooms; a Yeoman en’ arge' of his Stage ; a Maiter of his Horfe; a Clerk of Stable. the Stable ; a Yeoman of the fame; the Saddler ; the Farrier ; a Yeoman of his Chariot ; a Sump- terman ; a Yeoman of his Stirrop; a Muleteer; and fixteen Grooms of his Stable, every one of them keeping four Geldings ; Porters at his Gate; pom“; two Yeomen and two Grooms ; in the Armoury, a Yeoman and a Groom. In his Chapel he had a Dean, a great Divine, The Order of and a Man of excellent Learning ; a Subdean, a his Chapel. Repeater of the Qiire, a Gofpeller, an Epiltler; of finging Priei’ts, ten; a Mailer of the Children ; twelve Seculars, being .finging Men of the Cha- pel ; ten finging Children, with a Servant to at- tend upon the Children : In the Revefiry, aYeo- man and two Grooms, over and befides divers Retainers, that came thither at principal F eaf’ts. For the Furniture of his Chapel, it exceedeth The rich Fm‘é my Capacity to declare, or to fpeak of the Num- niture “his ber of COPEIY Ornaments and rich Jewels that were Chapel‘ ufed in the fame continually. There have been feen, in Proceflion about the Hall, four and forty very rich Copes worn, all of one Suit, befides the rich CroITes and Candlefticks, and other Orna— ments belonging to the F urniihment of the fame. He had two Crofs-bearers and two Pillar-bearers Crofs—beareiq in his great Chamber ; and in his Privy Cham- and Pillar: bers thefe Perfons ; firi’c, the chief Chamberlain gffgerség" and Vice—Chamberlain : Of Gentlemen Uihers, beny m" befide one in his Privy Chamber, he had twelve daily Waiters, and, of Gentlemen Waiters in his Gentlemen Privy Chamber, he had fix; of Lords, nine or ten, Waiters- who had, each of them, two Men allowed to at- 51$: 5&1: . tend upon them, except the Earl of Deréy, who dants. it. always was allowed five Men. Then had he, of Gentlemen Cupbearers, Carvers, Sewers, both of the Privy Chamber and of the great Chamber, Forthe Privy with Gentlemen, daily Waiters there, forty Per- and great , fons ; of Yeomen Ufhers, fix ; of Grooms in his Chamber; Chamber, eight; of Yeomen in his Chamber, for— ty—five daily. He had alfo Alms-Men, fometimes more in Number than at other Times. There were attending on his Table daily, of Daily Atten; Doctors and Chaplains, befide them of his Cha- dams 0“ his pel, fixteen. A Clerk of his Clofet, two Secretaries, ab e‘ two Clerks of his Signet, and four Counfellors, learned in the Laws. And forafmuch as it was neceffary to have divers Officers of the Chancery Oflicersof the to attend upon him ; that is to fay, the Clerk of C’mm’rJ; the Crown, a riding Clerk, a Clerk of the Ham- per, and a Clerk of the Wax, then a Clerk of the Check, as well upon the Chaplains, as on the Yeomen of his Chamber ; he gave Allowance to them all. He had alio four F ootmen, who were His Footmen. cloathed in rich running Coats, whenfoever he rode on any Journey. Then had he an Herald at AHeraId and. Arms, a Serjeant at Arms, a Phyfician, an Apo— Serjeant at thecary, four Minfirels, a Keeper of his Tents, Arms‘ an Armourer, an Infiruétor of his Wards, two Yeomen of his Wardrobe of Robes, and a Keep- er of his Chamber continually in the Court. .He had alfo, in his Houfe, the Surveyor of for]: Surveyor of and a Clerk of the Green Clot/a. All thefe were ””5 and . . . . Cl k fth daily attending, down-lying and up-rifing, as we Gr; 8,0,; ufe to fay, and at Meals. He kept, in his great Chamber, a continual Table for the Chamberers an Chap“. XXIX: and Gentlemen Officers; having with them a Young Lordé Mefs of the young Lords, and another of Gentle; “d Gem" men. And, befides all thefe, there was never an men' Oflicer, Gentleman, or other worthy Perfon, but Attendants he was‘allowed, in the Houfe, fome three, fome allowedimhe two, and all other, one at the leaf’t, which grew Houfe' to a great Number of Perfons. Thus far out of the Check—Roll : Befides other 'Oflicers, Servants, Retainers, and Suiters, that mofl: commonly dined in the Hall.] So that the Order of his Houfe and Houfhold pafl‘ed all other Subjeé‘ts of his Time. . Nicholas W cfl, Bilhop of Ely, in the Year I 532, kept continually in his Houfe one Hundred Ser- vants, giving to the one Half of them 53 s. 4 d- apiece, yearly; to the other ~Half, each, 40 s. a— piece; to every one, for his Winter Gown, four Yards of broad Cloath; and, for his Summer“ Coat, three Yards and an Half. He daily gave, at his Gates, befides Bread and Drink, warm Meat to two Hundred poor People. The Houfekeeping of Edward late Earl of Derhy is not to be forgotten, who had two Hun— dred and twenty Men in the Check-Roll; his F eed- ing aged Perfons twice every Day, fixty and odd; belides all Comers thrice a Week, appointed for his dealing Days, and every Good Friday two T hou- fand feven Hundred, with Meat, Drink, and Mo- I/Vcfl, Bifliop of E4». Lih. Ely. Edward, Earl of Dcrhy. ne . ”mm Lord ii’homas Audley, Lord Chancellor, his Family of Jud/ey. Gentlemen before him, in Coats garded With Vel— ‘ vet, and Chains of Gold; his Yeomen after him, in the fame Livery not garded. Every Livery— Coat had three Yards of broad Cloth. l/Villictm Powlet [or Pawlet] Lord great Mailer, Marquis of Winche/ler, kept the like Number of Gentlemen and Yeomen in a Livery of Reading tawny, and great Relief at his Gate. - Thomas Lord Cromwell, Earl of Eflhx, kept the like or greater Number in a Livery of grey Mar- ble, 55c. the Gentlemen garded with Velvet, the Yeomen with the fame Cloth: Yet their Skirts large enough for their Friends to [it upon them. T hefe, as'all others of thofe Times, gave great Relief to the Poor; and I have often feen, in that, declining Time of Charity, at the Lord Crom— well’s Gate at London, more than two Hundred Perfons ferved twice every Day, with Bread, Meat, and Drink fufficient. Edward, Duke of Somerfet, was not inferior in keeping a Number of tall Gentlemen and Yeo- men; though his Houfe was then in Building, and molt of his Men were lodged Abroad. The Earl of Oxford, Father to him that now liveth, hath been noted, within thefe forty Years, to have rid into this City, and fo to his Houfe by London-Stone, with fourfcore Gentlemen, in a Li- very of Reading tawny, and Chains of Gold about their Necks, before him, and one Hundred tall Yeomen, in the like Livery, to follow him, with— out Chains; but all having his Cognizance of the blue Boar, embroidered on their left Shoulder. Thefe, I fay, and all other Men of Honour and VVorihip then lodging in this City, or within the Liberties thereof, did, without Grudging, bear their Part of Charges with the Citizens, accord— ing to their eitimated Eftates, without the which, thofe Mufters of old Time could not have been f0 great. , , Of charitahle Alms in old Time given. Thefe Noblemen, before-mentioned, obferved that ancient and charitable Cui’tom, of liberal Re- lief of the Poor at their Gates, as all Prelates, Noblemen, or Men of Honour and Wor’fhip, their Predecefl'ors had done before them; whereof fome- what to note for Example: Venerable Bede wri— teth, that Prelates of his Time, having, perad- venture, but wooden Churches, had, notwith- Thoma: Lord Cromwell. Duke ofSa- meijét. Earl of Ox- ford. 1633. Bede. Great Houfiheeping. ' film/deed}. n 29 l handing, On their Board, at their Meals, one Al 'n's— ' ‘ ' 'difh, into the which was carved fome good Pdrti— AImSLdlm' , on of Meat out of every other Difh brought to their Table: All which was given to the Poor, befides the Fragments left; infomuch as, in a hard Time, a poor Prelate Wanting Viétuals, hath caufed his Alms—difh, being Silver, to be divided amongi’t the Poor, therewith to ihift as they could, till God lhould fend him-better Store. Such a Prelate was Ethelwald, Bilhop of Win: chcfler, in the Reign of King Edgar, about the Year of Chrif’t 963. He, in a great Famine, fold away all the facred Veifels of his Church for to ' relieve the almofi: fiarved People, faying, T hat Bifhop of ‘ there was no Rea/on that the fenfelefr Temples of God ”melee/“#9 fhould ahound in Richer, and lively Temple: of the .Sayingmucl" Holy Ghofl to lack it. ‘ mgthe Rehef * of the Poor. lValter de Sufilde, BifliOp of Norwich, was of Bifhop of the like Mind, about the Year 1245. In a Time Net-wit]? {014' of great Dearth he fold all his Plate, and dii’tribu4 his Plate' ' ted it to the Poor, every Pennyworth‘. Rohert Winchelfey, Archbifhop of Canterhury, a- Archbiihop bout the Year 1093, befides the daily Fragments 0f Canter?“ of his Houfe, gave, every Friday and Sunday, to ry‘s Charlty; every Beggar that came to his Gate, a Loaf of Bread futiicient for that Day ; and there were u~ . fually, every fuch Alms-day, in Time of Dearth,- to the Number of five Thoufand, and otherwife four Thoufand, at the leafi. Moreover, he ufed, every great Fei’tival, to give one Hundred and fif— ty Pence to fo many poor People, and fent daily Meat, Bread, and Drink, to fuch as by Age, or Sicknefs, were not able to fetch his Aims, and did fend Meat, Money, and Apparel, to fuch as he thought needed it. I read, in I 171, that Henry the Second, after his Return into England, did Penance for the Slaugh- ter of Thomas (3 Becket. By whom, a fore Dearth then increafing, ten Thoufand Perfons, from the F irfi of A’pril, till new Corn was inned, were daily fed and fufiained. Moreover I find recorded, that in the Year 1 2 3 6, the 20th of Henry the Third, l/Villiam de Haverhall, the King’s Treafurer, was commanded, that upon the Day of the Circumcifion of our Lord, fix Thoufand poor People ihould be fed at We/tmin- fler for the State of the King, Qieen, and their Chifdren. The like Commandment the faid King Henry gave to Hugh Gifihrd and hl/illiam Brown, that upon the Friday next after the Epiphany, they fhould caufe to be fed in the great Hall at W'ind‘ for, at a good Fire, all the poor and needy Chili dren that could be found; and the King’s Child dren being weighed and meafured, their Weight and Meafure to be dif’tributed for their good E~ Rates. Thefe few Examples for Charity of Kings may fuifice. I read in the Reign of Edward the Third, that Richard de Berry, Biihop of Durham, did weekly bellow for the Relief of the Poor, eight Qparters of Wheat made into Bread, befides his Alms-' difh, Fragments of his Houfe, and great Sums of Money given to the Poor, when he journied. And that thefe Alms-diihes were as well ufed at the Tables of Noblemen, as of the Prelates, one Note may fuflice in this Place. ' \ ' I read in the Year 14.52, that, Richard Duke of Tor/e then claiming the Crown, the Lord Rivers {hould have pafl'ed the Sea about the King’s Bu- finefs, but Praying at Plymouth till his Money was Duke ofGiozz.‘ fpent, and then fending for more, the Duke of refler's Aims- Somerji’t fent him the Image of St. George in Silver “’1- and Gold, to be fold with the Alms-diih of. the Duke of Glance/fer, which was alfo of great Price, for Coin, had they none. But let Men call to Mind Sir Thomas Cromwell,- T/mm, arm. then Lord Privy Seal and Vicar—General ; lying awe/lat the in the City of London, he bare his Charges to the great Mafia“ Pater de 763; ham. Ten Thou- fand poor People daily fed and fuf- tained by Henry II. Record of the Tower; Henry III. fed fix Thoufand poor People in one Day. Richardde Berry, Biilxop of Durham. great Muller there, Anna 1 599, confii’ting of fifteen T hou- 298' Thouf'and, befides Whifliers and other Waiters, all in bright Harnefs, with Coatslof white Silk or Cloth, and Chains of Gold, in three great Battles. He fent his Men, in great Number, to .Mz'le- End, and after them their Armour in Carts, with their Coats of white Cloth, and the Arms of this City, to wit, a red Crofs and a Sword on the Breaft and Back, which Armour and Coats they wore among the Citizens, without any Difference, and marched through the City to Weflmz’flfler. But now, in the Conclufion, to return to the Houfekeeping in the City. The great The Expences of the Mayors and Sheriffs, and 13““ at other public Feaf'ting in the City on folemn Days, ayors and 7 . . Sheriffs Ta. were fo great in former Times, that an A6: of bles. Common-Council was made, I and 2 Plail. and [7; 8. Mar. for retrenehing them, and other Charges in Attendants and Liveries. And, thefe Expences , continuing to our Times, it was reprinted flnno I6 80, and recommended to the prefent Obferva- tron. Retrenched The Preamble fet forth the Reafon, thatour by 3“ 01d Aét ancient, wife Forefathers had many Times at. of Common- Council. , . . Excefs 1n Fare, and other Things, in Mayors and Sheriffs Houfes, viz. the Dearth of Victtials, and the Charges of thefe Offices, which were f0 large, that almoft all good Citizens fled, and refufed to' ferve in this, honourable City, only becaufe of the great Excefs, and chargeable Fare and Diet in the faid Offices. Hence it was enacted, That no Mayor or Sheriff fhould have at their Table, at Dinner or Supper, any more Co‘urfes than one. And no more fundry Difhes at one Courfe, upon the Sunday, or other F ef’tival Day, being a F lefh Day, than fix, whether the fame be hot or cold. Every holy Day, being a Fifh Day, feven Difhes of Meat, and not above -, and every working Day, ”being a F lefh Day, five Difhes 5 and Fifn Days, fix Difhes of feveral Meats -, provided that nei- ther Brawn,- Collops with Eggs, Sallads, Pottage, Butter, Cheefe, Eggs, Herrings, Sprats, Shrimps, or any Shell—fifh, nor no Kind of Fruit unhafh— ed, fhall be accounted for any of the faid Num- ber of Difhes, abovefaid. And that the Mayor may at his Pleafure have, at the faid one Courfe, one Difh of Meat, either Fifh or Flefh, more than before limited. That neither the Serjeants, nor other Officers of the Lord Mayor’s Houfe; nor the Serjeants Yeomen, or other Officers of the Sheriffs Houfes -, fhall have more fundry Difhes,‘either at Dinner Cr Supper, upon the Flefh Days, than three, and upon F ifh Days, than four. , None of the Aldermen or Commoners of this City to exceed or pafs the Number of Difhes of Meat above limited and appointed for the She- riffs in their own proper Manfion-houfes, Brawn, Sallads, and other Things, as aforefaid, excepted. Nor in any of the Halls or Companies at any Feaf’t or Time: Nor that there be any Swan, Crane, or Buf’tard, which were wont to be called Head-Pools, to be fpent at any Feafi in any of the Halls or Companies, upon Pain of Forfeiture of forty Shillings, taller quotient. . And for theEafe of the aged Perfons, and for the Avoiding of great Uneafinefs, that often hap- pens at F eafts, a certain convenient Number of the Cloathing [22 e. Livery] as well of the prin- cipal Crafts, as of the meaner Companies, which were accuftomed to dine at the Mayor’s Feaf’t, fhall be abated. And fuch a certain Number of every Company that hath been accuf’tome‘d to . dine at the faid'Feafl‘, the Number to be yearly appointed by the Lord: Mayor and his Brethren the Aldermen -, and they to be ferved but with one Courfe, and the fame Number ofDifhes, viz. of ‘ fix or feven. 2 [Sports mid Par/limes.“ tenfpted the Redrefs and Amendment ofthe great , Provided that, when any Ambafl‘ador, or‘ any of the Privy Council, fhall be at the faid Feaft, then for their Board, only to be amended and or-~ dered by the Difcretion of the faid Mayor and Sheriffs. And no Banquet after Dinner, except .Ipocras and Wafers, as in Time paf’t hath been ufed. - . The Feltival Days, that were wont to be kept by the Mayor and Sheriffs in their Houfes ~,- that is to fay, the three Holidays after Wbiflunday, and the .Dinners kept at Bartholomew-tide, from hence— forth, to be left and laid down. And the F eaf’ts of Clarijlmas and Eafler, with the Holidays next after, to be ufed and kept by the Mayor and She- riffs, as heretofore hath been accuf’tomed, —and to keep the Order as is aforefaid. The Sheriffs of this City, from henceforth, fhall have but fourteen Serjeants and fourteen Yeo- men apiece. The Sheriffs to give to every of their Serjeants and Yeomen two Gowns at the Time accuftomed, and no other Liveries : And to eve-v ry other,-Clerks of the Compters, and fuch as have been accuftomed to have Gowns at Clari/lmas, on— ly one Livery Gown, and no more. That from henceforth there fhall be no WEI/b fetched Home to the Mayor’s or Sheriffs Houfes. Neither fhall they keep any Lord of Mz'frule in a- ny of their Houfes. And forafmuch as the Lord Mayor and She-. riffs, fhortly‘ after their Entrance into their feve- ral Offices and Rooms, be yearly at great and ex- ceeding Expences, by Reafon of the fumptuous Feaf‘ts, which they, for the Honour and Renown of the fame, do keep and make in Guildhall, cal— led The Mayor and Sberzfi’r Fmfls, as well to and for fuch Noblemen of the Kings and Queens moft Honourable Council, Ambaffadors of foreign Realms and Potentates, as are bidden and defired. to come unto the fame -, and, alfo, to and for the Aldermen, and Worfhipful Commons and Citi~ zens; therefore it was ordained and enacted, That the faid Mayor and Sheriffs fhould yearly, thence— forth, at the Time of making their faid F eafts, have, of the free Gift of the City out of the Book I. Chamber, of the common Store and Treafure of 7 the City there, towards the Relief of their faid Charge and Expence, the Sum of an 100 1. This prefent Act to be a fuflicient Warrant and Dif- charge unto the Chamberlain for the yearly Pay-H ment of the faid 100 I. This Aét of Common-Council was printed a- gain in the Year 1680, with Reafons added, as therein is fhewed, that the fifth Part of the Charge of a Shrievalty is in the Wine. The modern F eaf’ts now, 7222. the Checker and Spitml F eaf’cs -, the firft cofteth in Wine 80 l. the latter cof’teth above 3001. to each Sheriff] And thus I end touching Orders and Cuf’toms of this City. , Sport: and Pal/limes of old Time W in tax City. fLet us now, faith Fitzfleplren, come to the Sports and Pafiimes, feeing it fit that a City fhould not only be commodious and ferious, but alfo mer- ry and fportful. Whereupon, in the Seals of the Popes, until the Time of Pope Leo, on the one Side was St. Peter fifhing, with a Key over him, reached, as it were, by the Hand of God out of Heaven, and about it this Verfe : . Tu pm me navem ligm'flz‘, fufcz'pe clave‘m. You left the Ship for me, take you the Key. And on the other Side was a City, with this In- feription on it, Alarm Roma : Likewife, to the Praife of Auguflm wam‘, and the City, in Refpect of the Shews and Sports, were Written, - Nelle pluit tom, redeunt fiaeflecela mane, &c. 1 A l *9 Of Sports and Paftimes in this City. Every Thing hath its ‘ Time,aTime to weep, a Time to laugh, a Time to mourn, and a Time to dance. Etc/cf. iii. Chap. Stage-Plays. Cock-fight- ing. Ball-play. Exercifes of warlike Feats on Horfe- back with difarmed Lances. Battle on the Water. Fighting of Boats and and Bulls. XXIX. , , _ 6300215 am’ Paflz'mer. 299 All Night it rains, and Shews At morrow Tide return again, And Czefar with almighty yaw Hath match’d an equal Reign. But Loadm, for the ”Shews upon Theatres, and comical Pallimes, hath holy Plays, Reprefenta- tions of Miracles, which holy Confefibrs have, wrought -, or Reprefentations of T orments, where— in the Confiancy of Martyrs appeared. Every Year alfo, on Sbrove—Tucfday, that we may begin with Children’s Sports, feeing we all have been Children, the School-Boys do bring Cocks of the Game to their i‘v/Iafier, and all the F orenoon they delight themfelves in Cock—fight- ing. After Dinner, all the Youths go into the Fields to play at the Ball. The Scholars of every School have their Ball or Baf’tion in their Hands. The ancient and weal- thy Men of the City come forth on Horfeback to fee the Sport of the young Men, and to take Part of the Pleafure, in beholding their Agility. Every Friday in Lem, a frelh Company of young Men comes into the Field on Horfeback, and the bei’t Horfemen conduct the rei’t. Then march forth the Citizens Sons, and other young Men with difarmed Lances and Shields, and there they practife Feats of War. Many Courtiers, likewiie, when the King lieth near, and Attendants on Noblemen, do repair to thefe Exercifes; and, while the Hope of Viétory doth inflame” their Minds, they fhew good Proof how ferviceable they would be in martial Affairs. In Eafler Holidays, they fight Battles on the Water. A Shield is hanged on a Pole, fixed in the Midi‘t of the Stream -, a Boat is prepared with- .out Oars, to be carried by the Violence of the Water, and in the fore Part thereof l’tandeth a young Man, ready to. give Charge upon the Shield with his Lance. If fo be he break his Lance againf‘t the Shield and doth not fall, he is thought to have performed aworthy Deed. If f0 be, with- out Breaking his Lance, he runneth i’trongly a- gainfi: the Shield, down he falleth into the Wa— ter, for the Boat is violently forced with the Tide ; but on each Side of the Shield ride two Boats furnifhed with young Men, which recover him that falleth, as foon as they may. Upon the Bridge, Wharfs, and Houfes, by the River-Side, fiand great Numbers to fee, and laugh thereat. In the Holidays, all the Summer, the Youths are exercifed in Leaping, Dancing, Shooting, Wreitling, Calling the Stone, and Praé’tifing their Shields. The Maidens trip with their Timbrels, and dance as long as they can well fee. In VVin- ter, every Holiday, before Dinner, the Boars prepared for Brawn are fet to fight, or elfe Bulls or Bears are baited. When the great Fen or Moor, which water- eth the Walls of the City on the north Side, is frozen, many young Men play upon the Ice; fome, firiding as wide as they may, do flide fwrft- ly : Others make themfelves Seats of Ice, as great as Mill-fiones; one fits down, many, Hand in Hand, to draw him, and, one flipping on a fudden, all fall together. Some tie Bones to their Feet, and under their Heels, and, fhoving them- felves by a little picked Staff, do flide as fwiftly as a Bird flieth in the Air, or an Arrow out of a Cr0f5»Bow. Sometimes two run together with Poles, and, hitting one the other, either one or both do fall, not without Hurt, fome break their Arms, fome their Legs ~, but Youth, defirous of Glory, in this Sort, exercifeth itfelf againi’t the Hawking and Time of War. Many of the Citizens do delight Hunting. themfelves in Hawks and Hounds, for they have Liberty of Hunting in .Mz'ddleflex, Hartford/Claire, all Cbz'ltron, and in Kent, to the Water of Cray : Thus far Fizzflep/aen of Sports. NUMB. XXVI. Thefe, or the like Exercifes, have been con- tinued till our Time, namely, in Stage-Plays, whereof we may read, in Amzo I 391, a Play to be played by the Parilh Clerks of London, at the Skinners-Well, befides Smitlafield ; which Play continued three Days together, the King, A Stageplay' Qleen, and Nobles of the Realm, ‘ being prefent. that continu— . And of another played in the Year '1409, which g1 three lai’ced eight Days, and was of Matter from the Aasfgge_play Creation of the World. VVhereat was prefent molt that lafledi Part of the Nobility and Gentry of England, Ste. eightDa‘YSv Of late Time, initead of thofe Stage-Plays, / have been ufed Comedies, Tragedies, Interludes, Comedies and and Hiftories, both true and feigned ; for the .Aé‘t- Tragedies of ing whereof, certain public Places, as the The- later Time. atre, the Curtein, 53°C. have been ereéted. They played alfo at 71172:, as the Croft-Keys, &c.] This, which was once a Recreation, and ufed therefore now and then occafionally, afterwards, by Abufe, became a Trade and Calling, and f0 Afling Plays remains to this Day. In thofe former Days, in- Pecame a genious Tradefmen, and Gentlemen’s Servants, “if? S would fometimes gather a Company of themfelves, ‘ ' i and learn Interludes, to eXpofe Vice, or to reprea fent the noble Actions of our Ancef’tors in former Times ; and thele they played at certain F ei’ti— val Times, and in private Houfes at Weddings, or other fplendid' Entertainments, for their own Profit: But, in Procefs‘ of Time, it became an Occupation, and many there were that followed it for a LiVelihood : And, which was worfe, it became the Occafion of much Sin and Evil, great Multitudes of People, efpecially Youth, in Qieen Elifabetb’s Reign, reforting to thefe Plays, which being commonly afted on Sunday: and F eftivals, the ChurChes were forfaken, and the Play-Houfes thronged -, and great Diforders and Inconvenien- ces were found to enfue to the City thereby: It occafioned F rays, and evil Practices of Inconti- nency. Great Inns were ufed for this Purpofe, which had fecret Chambers and Places, as well as open Stages and Galleries. Here Maids, ef- pecially Orphans, and good Citizens Children, under Age, were inveigled and allured to privy and‘unmeet Contracts. Here were publilhed un— chaite, uncomely, and unihamefaced Speeches and Doings. There were an unthrifty VVafie of the Money of the Poor; fundry Robberies, by Pick- ing and Cutting of Purfes ; Uttering of popular and feditious Matters; many Corruptions of Youth, and other Enormities, befides fundry Slaughters, and Maimings of the @een’s Subjeé‘ts, by Ruins of Scalfolds, Frames, and Stages,_ and by En— gines, Weapons, and Powder, ufed in the Plays. And, in Time of God’s Vifitation by the Plague, fuch Aflemblies of the People, in Throngs and Prefi'es, were Very dangerous for fpreading the In- feétion. The Confideration of thefe Things occafion— ed the exprefs Prohibition of Plays, by the (been and the Lord‘Mayor. And Sir fame: Hams, Plays reguia. Mayor, in the Year 1574., by an Act of Com- ted by Com. mon—Council regulated thefe Plays, left the Peb— “an'wun‘ ple, upon God’s gracious Withdrawing of the m ' ‘ Sicknefs, fliould, with "fudden Forgetting of the I Vifitation, without Fear of God’s Wrath, and without fome Refpeft of thofe good and politic Means, as the, Words of the Act ran, that he had ordained for the Prefervation of the Common- wealth and People in Health and good Order, return to the undue Ufe of fuch Enormities. There- fore, for the lawful, :honeft, comely Ufe of Plays1 Paitimes, and Recreations in good Sort permit- ted, by the Authority of the Common-Council, it was enacted, That no Play fhould be openly I. played within the Liberty of the City, wherein lhould be uttered any Words, Examples, or Do— ings of any Unchai’tity, Sedition, or fuch—like un— fit and uncome‘ly Matter, upon Pain of Imprilon- 4 G . ment, OO interineier. 'ment, by the Space of fo'Urtee-n Days, and .51. for every fuch Offence. And that no Inn-keeper, Tavern-keeper, or other Perfon whatfoever, with— in the Liberties of the City, thew or play, or caufe to be lhewed or played within his Houfe or Yard, any Play, which {hall- not firf’t be perufed and al- lowed by the Lord Mayor and Court of Alder- men’s Order. And no Perfon {hall fufi'er any Plays to be played in his Houfe or Yard, whereof he then lhall have Rule, but only fuch Perfons, and in fuch Places as, upon good Confideration, lhall be thereunto permitted and allowed by the Lord Mayor and Aldermen. Nor fhall take and ufe any fuch Benefit or Advantage of fuch Permifli- on, until fuch Perfon be bound to the Chamber- lain of London in certain Sums, for the Keeping of good Order, and Avoiding of Difcords and In- conveniences. Neither fliallufe or exercife fuch Licence or Permiflion at any Time, in which the fame {hall be by the Lord Mayor and Aldermen refirained, or commanded to flay and ceafe, in any ufual Time of Divine Service on the Sunday, or Holiday, or receive any to that Purpofe in Time of Service, to the fame, upon Pain to for- feit for every Offence 5 1. be licenfcd lhall, during the Time of fuch Con- tinuance of fuch Licenfe, pay, to the Ufe of the Poor in Hofpitals of the City, or of the Poor vi- fited with Sicknefs, fuch Sums and Payments, as between the Mayor and Aldermen, and the Per- fon to be licenfed, {hall be agreed upon, upon Pain, that, on the Want of every fuch Payment, fuch Licence {hall be utterly void. All Sums and F orfeitures to be incurred for any Offence againfi: this Act, and all F orfeitures of Bonds, {hall be employed to the Relief of the Poor of the Hofpi- And every Perfon to- Stage-Plays. Living, to grant unto them the Confirmation of the fame; or of as many as fhould be to their Honours good Liking -, and, withal, their favour— able Letters to the Lord Mayor, to permit them to exercife within the City; and that their Let— ters might contain fome Orders to the Jufiices of .Mz'ddlefex in their Behalf. But there were fome that prefently anfwered both their Supplication and Articles. In line, the Bufinefs of the Players at lal’t came Remedies for to this Ifl'ue; and they were permitted on thefe the PlaYeTS‘ Conditions, which were f0 many Remedies of their former Exorbitancies, viz. That they hold them content with playing in private Houfes at — Weddings, fife. without public Ali‘emblies. That, if it were thought good they fhould be tolerated, that then they be refirained to the Order in the Act of Common-Council made in the Time of Hawer, Mayor. That they play not openly, till the whole Deaths have been by twenty Days under Fifty a Week, nor longer than they {hall f0 continue. That no Plays be on the Sabbath. That no Plays be on Holidays, but after Even— ing Prayer", nor any received into the Auditory, till after Evening Prayer. That no Playing be in the Dark, nor continue any fuch Time, but as any of the Auditors may return to their Dwellings in London before Sun—fet, or at leaft before it be dark. That the @een’s Players only be tole— rated; and of them their Number and certain Names to be notified in the Lord Treafurer’s Letters to the Lord Mayor, and to the Jul’tices of Middle/ex and Surry : And thofe her Players not to divide themfelves into feveral Companies. And that for breaking any of thefe Orders their Toleration ceafe. ' Book I. But all thefe Prefcriptions were not fuflicient Players often tals, or of the Poor infected or difeafed in the to keep‘them within due Order, but their Plays, complained City; and the Chamberlain, in his own Name, of, and re—~ {hall have and recover the fame to the Purpofes ‘ .aforefaid, in the Court of the Utter Chamber of Another A8: of Common- Council puts down Plays. The Lords forbid them on Sunday:. The Queen’s Players peti— tion the Lords for Playing in. London. Guild/ml], London, called Tbe Mayor’s Canrt. Provided that this Act fliall not extend to Plays {hewed in private Houfes, Lodgings of 23. Noble- man, Citizen, or Gentleman, which lhall have the fame then played in his Prefence, for the F ef- tivity of any Marriage, Alfembly of Friends, or other like Caufe, without public or common Col— lection of Money of the Auditors or Beholders. But thefe good Laws and Orders concerning Players were not to well obferved, as they lhould have been : For, after this, the lewd Matters of Playsincreafed ; and in the Hands of them were found many Dangers for Religion, the State, Ho- nef’ty of Manners, Unthriftnefs of the Poor, for Infection, {9%. And the Preachers daily exclaim- ed againfi: them to the Mayor and Aldermen: Therefore, in an Act of Common-Council for Re- lief of the Poor, no Interludes were allowed in Lon- don, in open Speétacle, but in private Houfes only, at Marriages, or fuch-like. And Suit was made, that they might be likewife banifhed from all Places adjoining to the City. Since which Time, and upon the Ruin at Pa- ris—Garden, Suit was made to the Lords, to ba- hnilh Plays wholly in the Places near London; and Letters were obtained of the Lords to banilh them on the Sabbath-Days. Upon thefe Orders againft the Players, the @een’s Players petitioned the Lords of the Coun- cil, That whereas the Time of their Service drew very near, f0 that of Necefiity they muf’t needs have Exercife to enable them the better for the fame, and alfo for their better Help and Relief in their poor Livings, the Seafon of the Year being pait to play at any of the Houfes without the Ci- ty; their humble Petition was, That the Lords would vouchfafe to read a few Articles annexed to their Supplication, and, in Confideration the Matters contained the very Stay and State of their. f0 abufive oftentimes of Virtue, or particular Perfons, gave great Offence, and occafioned Dif— turbances -, whence they were now and then {topped and prohibited. So in the Year I 589, Hart, May- or, Complaint was made of them to the Lord Treafurer, who fignified the fame to the Mayor. And he fent for all the Players in Town, and there were fome Companies of them then, as one belonging to the Lord Admiral, and another to the Lord Strange, and charged them to forbear till further Order. In fhort,‘ the Citizens of later Times feemed mightily to be delighted with Interludes and Plays, acted upon the Stage, reprefenting Vifibly the Hiltories of former Times, or the Manners of Men, fo that as before-time Stage Players ufed to go about the Country to Noblemen’s Houfes, and, at fome fet Times only, to act their Plays -, now Houfes were built or bought, or hired, and fet apart only for that Purpofe. And no lefs than Many P1?“ feventeen common Play-houfes were built in and 1‘0““ bu‘lt‘ about London within threefcore Years, as an Hill E. Hams. torian, that was alive 1629, obferved, the lai’t whereof was built the faid Year, near W’bite Fri~ arr. Five Inns or common Oi’teries were turned to Play-houfes -, one Cockpit : St. Paul’s Sing- ing—School -, the Gloee on the Bankfide, the For- tune near Golding-Zane; one in Black Friars, one in Wbize Friars, Sec. Befides the new built Bear— Garden, built as well for Plays, as F encers, Prizes, and Bull-baiting. Before the Space of the faid threefcore Years, fcarce any fuch Theatres were heard of. And this fort of Recreations hath con- tinued to this Day, though the Houfes not it) many; yet greatly complained of for the cor- rupting of Youth, and for the initilling loofe and atheifiical Principles into the Spectators Minds. yufl: and Tournamenl: was a Court Recreation in former Days at folemn Times, and lai’ted to the Beginning of Qieen Eli/aliella’s Reion. In the Month of April, I 560, were great uf‘ts at- Wig/linin/irr, it Chap. Juiis at l/l’efl— min/fer, XXIX. Weflminfler, and Running at the Tilt. There rode the Trumpeters blowing their Trumpets with Scarfs of white and black Sarcenet: Alfo the two Kings of Arms, and the Heralds, Somerfet, Laneafler, Richmond, York, Rouge Dragon, and more of them, having Scarfs of white and black Sarcenet, about their Necks. And the Seven— . night after were the like Ju‘itings at Court: The Cockfight. The Ball at Tennis-play. Running at the Qginten for Prizes. Mat. Paris. The King’s Servants, de- riding the Citizens, were fore beaten, but the Citizens were fined by the King. flyinten upon , Corn/Jill, A Roman Exercife. :7. S. Din-WI). Ken- net, Paroch. Antiq. p. 19. Earl of Sigfliex, Lord Robert Dudley, and three more, againit the Earl of Nortlonmoerland, the Lord Ammo Dudley, the Lord Hun/don, and Mr. Cornwallis. Many Staves were broken. There ftood in the Standing, as Judges, Lord Marquis Northampton, Lord of Rntland, and Lord of Pem- broke, and the French Ambafi'ador. , Alfo, Cooler of the Game are yet cherifhed by divers Men for their Pleafures; much Money being laid on their Heads, when they fight in Pits; whereof fOrrie are coi’dy, 'made for that Purpofe. 3 . The Ball is Ufed by Noblemen' and Gentlemen in Tennis-Courts, and by People of meaner fort in the open Fields and Streets. ' The Youths of this City, and Other young Men, Time out of Mind, have left oif to prac- tife the difarmed Lance and Shield on Horfe- back, in the Fields, Man 'againi’t Man’; but in their City they have 'ufe‘d, on Herfeback, to run at a dead Mark called a 93mm. For Note whereof, I read, that in the Year of Chrif’c 1253, the 38th of Hen. III, the youthful Citizens, fer an EXercife of their Activity; fet forth a Game to ruti at the .Quinten, and whofoever did bef’t, Ihould have a Peacock, which they had prepared as a Prize. . _ Certain of the King’s Servants, becaufe the Court lay then at [Vt/lmiflflél‘, ‘came, as it were, in Defpite of the Citizens, to that Game, and giving reproachful Names to the Londoners, which for the Dignity of the City, and the ancient Pri- vilege which they ought to have enjOye'd, Were called Barons; the faid Londoners, being erng- fully abufed, fell upon the King’s Servants, and beat them fhrewdly, f0 that; upon Complaint made to the King, he fined the City to pay a thoufand Marks. I have feen a Qttinten fet Upon Corn/till, by the Leaden-loall, where the Atten- dants on the Lords of merry Difports have run, and made great Paf’time -, for he that hit not the broad End of the Qitinten, was of all Men laugh- ed to Scorn, and he that hit it full, if he rode not the falter, had a found Blow in his Neck with a Bag full of Sand, hanged on the other End. This Sport was called alfo Qnintane,‘ or Qgtin- taine, from the Latin ,Qtflfllm, becaufe, as .Min/loew fancies, it was one of the ancient Sports ufed every fifth Year among the Olympian Games. It was alfo corruptly called Wirintane and Quin- tal; It is fuppofed by fome to be a Roman Exer- cife, and left here in this Ifland ever fince their Time. The learned Dr. Kennet, Lord Bifhop of Peteraoroagla, in his Paroeloial flntiqnities, from Dr. Plot, defcribes it thus : ‘ That they fet up a ‘ Poi’t perpendicularly into the Ground, and then ‘ placed a (lender Piece of Timber on/ the Top , ‘ of it on a Spindle, with a Board nailed to ‘ it on one End, and a Bag of Sand on the other. ‘ Againfi: this Board they anciently rode with ‘ Spears. Dr. Plot Writes, that he faw it at Ded— ‘ dington in Oxford/hire ; where only firong Staves ‘ were ufed, which violently bringing about the ‘ Bag of Sand, if they made not good Speed ‘ away, ' it {truck them on the Neck and Shoul- ‘ ders, and fometimes perhaps knocked them off 5 Shooting in the Bow. ‘ their Horfes.’ The great Defign of this Spo‘ri: was to try the Agility both of Horfe and Man, and to break the Board. Which whofoever‘did was for that Time accounted Prineeps javentutir, 1. e. the Prince or Chief of the Youth. This Cui’tom was ufed in Dr. Kennet’s Time at a Vil- lage called Blacktloorn; which the faid Dr. con- cludes they had from the Romans, through which Village 'the Roman Way lay, being ufual at their Weddings on the common Green with much So- lemnity and Mirth. ‘ .. _Mattloew Paris’s Words, where he mentions this Exercife, are, Eo tempore juvenes Londinen— fes, , fiatnto Pavone pro Bra‘v’io, ad fladiam qaod Chiintena dieitnr, Vireo proprias {9° egnorum Cur/n: fant experti. _ , When (been Elifalretlo was at Kenelwortla Call tle in Warwick/hire, the Earl of Leice/ler’s seat, among other Sports for her Entertainment, was {hewn a folemn Country Bridal; when in the Caf— tle—Yard was pight a comely Qaintane, for Feats at Armes : Where, in a great Company of young Men and Laii‘es, the Bridegroom had the firi’t Courfe at the firfi: Quintana broke his Spear tref— laardz'ment. But his Mare in his Manage did a lit- tle itumble, that much ado had his Manhood to fit in his Saddle. But, after the Bridegroom had made his Courfe, ran the refl: of the Band a while in fome Order; but foon after Tag and Rag, CUt and long Tail. ._ I have feen alfo in the Summer Seafon fome Runningwith upon the River of Thames, rowed in Wherries SW63 onthc with Staves in their Hands flat at the fore End” am" running one againi’t another, and for the moi’t Part either one or both overthrown, and well ducked. . , _ ‘On the Holy-days in Summer, the Youths of Leaping; this City have in the Field exercifed themfelves, Dancing; in Leaping, Dancing, Shooting, VVref’tling, Cafi- $00§pg{ ing of the Stbne or Ball, C‘fe. , ’re mg. This Shooting in the long Bow, as it former- The Exerciré ly was an Exercife of War, fo afterwards it be- 0f 5h°°tin~ came an Exercife of Recreation alfo. And the ' 8‘ Citizens ufed to go out into the Fields bordering upon the City with their Bows, where divers Butts and Marks flood for the Purpofe. And, be- ing fo ufeful and healthful an Exercife, it had the Countenance and Encouragement of feveral Princes, viz. King Henry VIII, King 7ames I, and King Cloarler I, _ , . . . King Henry VIII, Anna Regni 29,- granted by King Hém’: Patent to Sir Clorijlopber Morris, Matter of his giftentfora ~- Ordnance, flntlaony Kne'vyt and. Peter Mewtar, 8,112.32? 0f Gentlemen of his Privy Chamber, who were 0- ' verfeers of the Fraternity or Guild of St. George, that they {hould be Overfeers of the Science of Artillery, that is, for long Bows,crofs Bows,and hand Guns -, and others were appointed to be Mai’ters and Rulers of the faid Science; And fbr the Continuance of the fame he. granted, that the faid Maiters and Rulers and their Succeifors, Maiters and Rulers, might begin, found, and eitabliih aperpetual Fraternity of St. George, and Fraternity of full Power to admit into the Fraternity all honei’t St- George Perfons, whofoever they were, and to be a Body Corporate. And, for the better Increafe and Main"- tenance of this Science, they might for their Dif— port and Pai’time, from Time to Time, ufe and exercife Shooting. at all Manner of Marks and Butts, and at the Game of the ~Popinjay, and other Games, as at Fowl and Portals, as well in the City as Suburbs, and in all; other Places. And there was one remarkable Pafl'age in‘ this Charter, that, in Cafe any Perfon Were {hot and flain in thefe Sports, by fome Arrow fhot by any of thefe Archers, he Was not. to be fued or mo- lei’ted, if he had immediately before he ihot, ufed that common Word, FAST. _. King 7am: I, in the Eighth of his Sud init. Ami; 1 z 5 3. The germane Sport before _ the (been at Ken/worth A fpecial Pri- vilege. King j’amer I’s ‘om- . miffion in F a~ Reign, vour of the granted Archers. 3'02. ‘ Sports and Pdflz'rnes. granted a Commiflion to a great many Perfons of Qiality in Behalf of the Archers -, mentioning divers good Statutes, Ordinances, Provifions, and Proclamations made by Kings on their Behalf. Chains of Gold; the Number of thefe Chains were nine Hundred and forty-two. But, though the Englifla Nation were fuch Maf- ters in Archery, yet it was as much as ever Kings A Book I. marl This Commiflion was to {top a Praétice, then be- gun to be ufed, of inclofing the Ground former; ly ufed for this Exercife, by making of Banks and Hedges in fuch Fields and Clofes, as Time ,out of Mind were allowed to be fhot in; and and Laws could do to make that Exercife prevail. King Elward For even in the Reign of King Edward III, who 111- fo the got fuch Victories over France by his Bows; yet, 212:3? 0f in the Progrefs of his Reign, the Exercife grew cemidté con' much into Difufe, and in the RoOm thereof Hurl- Shooting in by plucking up the old Marks of ancient Time f‘canding in the faid Clofes ; or where, the Banks and Hedges being of indifferent Heighth, the Ditches were made fo broad and deep, that, want- ing Bridges, the Arches were much hindered thereby. The Commiflioners therefore were im- powered to go upon thefe Places, and to View and furvey, in fuch Grounds next adjoining to the City of London, and the Suburbs within two Miles Compafs, and the fame to reduce in fuch ing of Stones and Wood, and Iron, and. Hand- ‘he BOW- ball, F oot~ball, Bandy-ball, Cock-fighting, and other Sports, came altogether into Requefi; info- much that the faid King fent a Command to the Sheriff of London, to forbid the Citizens of all Sports but that. And the like Letters were fent to all the Sheriffs of England. The Letter was to this Tenor : ‘ Rex Vicecornitibus London, Salutem. mm Populus Regni noi’cri, tam Nobiles quam Ig- Order and State for the Archers, as they were in the Beginning of the Reign of King Henry VIII. and to caufe the Banks, Ditches, and (Qiicklefs to be made plain, and reformed. nobiles, in Joeis fuis artem fagittandi ante hmc Ars Sagittari- tempora communiter exercebant, uncle toti reg— ‘81- Rf"- E no noilro honorem 8c commodum, nobis in 3"" 39' ' . . . . . . . a.m.2~.dorf. Actibus noliris guerrims, De1adjutorip coope- G. H0121“. King Charles I‘s Com- miffion. Shooting at There was alfo another Patent of King Charles I. to certain Commiflioners, concerning Archery, to the fame Import with the former. In King Henry VIII’s Time, the Citizens rante, fubventionem non modicam‘dignofcitur proveniiTe -, ac jam dicta arte quafi totalitervdi— milTa, idem populus ad jaftus Lapidum, Lig- norum 8: Perri -, 8c quidam ad Pilam manua- l‘" 0" l‘ h l‘ 1‘ l‘ h 1‘ h 0‘" 1‘ Mile End» ufed to exercife their Sport of Shooting at Mile- lem e dinam & bacularem & ad Cambucam End. The Chief of thefe Archers was called -& G’aIIlorum pugnam- quidam etiam ad alios Prince flrtnur, and die reil Of them his 1021ng : ludos inhonel’tos mirfus utiles aut valentes fe The Exercrfe whereof was fo manly and uleful, in duloent' per quod dictum regnum dc Sa . . . . .. . D , . . . . . - that, as that ng ‘1de It h 1m? CH’ f0 he dildained gittariis, infra breve, deveniet verifimlliter,quod not fometimes to come to Mz/e-End, and fee and abfi t deftitu tum _ commend it. . , ' ’ . . . . . s u r The Captain And another Time, at a Shooting-Match at ‘ opifituhcilhiltefrohigerrigciEZTCdlhldrdihpfgcri: 21:?ng I/Vzndfor, the King was prefent; and, the Game ‘ in Civitate , readied: tiijm ini'r;1 Libertates S 0”” beincr well nioh finilhed, and the Upfhot thought . p . ’ . . . . . , do" called 0 . D . . . ‘ quam extra, ub1 expedite Videritis, publice fa- DUke °f to be given, one Barlo, a Citizen and Inhabitant ‘ ciatis proclamari quod quilibet ejufdem Civi- Sboreditcla. _ of Snoredztc/a, {hot and won them all. Whereat ‘ t atis in corpore p,otens dieb feitivis cum va - - . . , u “ htenljxgdgé’iadg rEJOICC§é anddl tildggfiflfcfifig ‘ caverit, arcubus 8c fagittis, vel pilettis aut bol- fi Ce 1.! 60]; horecz C ' f A h ‘ tis in jocis fuit utatur, artemq; fagittandidifcat ' cgunt t e faptain 0 t .6 orfnpany O ”Ind :5 ‘ & exerceat, omnibus 8c fingulis ex parte nof— oh Llogdon, or a long Time a ter, was in e y ‘ tra inhibentes, ne ad hujufmodi jaétus Lapi- t alt :me. h f b ‘ dum, Lignorum, Ferri, Pilam manualem, pe- The Shcw or n 'tierYear 1583’ on the‘17t 0 Septem er, ‘ dinam vel bacularem velCambucam velGal— Archers Sam. the Citizens fet forth, at the1r great Charge, a ‘ lorum,pugnam aut alios lu dos vanos hujufmo- 11,1583. Shooting-Match Wlth much Sham the Dig/re Of ‘ di,quivalere noh poterunt,fub poenaImprifona- -S/90redz.tc/y, and all his bOblhty and O cers, ‘ menti, aliqualiter intendant, aut fe indeintro- marching through the City of London, to the ‘ Shooting-place. And, firl‘t, he gave a Summons to all his Marquilfes, Earls, and Barons, with ' ‘ all their Trains of Archery in and about the City of London, to be in Readinefs to accompany him into the Field, every one with a long Bow and . four Shafts, on the aforefaid Day, to meet him in Smitbfield. And fo they did. The Duke with his Company fet forth . from MercbnnI-Tdylors- ‘ Hall. There repaired unto him all thofe, that were appointed for conducting of his Perfon to “the Place of Meeting ; as his Barons, and a Mul- titude of good Archers in their Habits, under his own Enfign: Who, with Sound of Trumpet, Drums and other Ini’t’rurhents, pall‘ed along Broad/freer, Where the Duke dwelt, through Moor- field: to Fin/bury, and from thence to Smitbfield. There alfo was the Marquis Barla, and the Mar- quis of CZer/eenwell, with Hunters, who blowed their Horn ~,‘ and the Earl of Pnncrnr, and the Mar uis of I/lz'ngton, and the Marquis of Hoxtan, and t Marquis of Sbnk’elwel, and other fuch No- bility, with all'their Trains, making a furprizing Show. For they marched in very great Pomp, odly habitat-“through feVeral Places and chief Streets of London. The Number of Archers that now {hot were three Thoufand. The Number of them that accompanied the Archers, as Whilfiers, and thofe that guarded them with Bills, was four Thoufand,.'_befides Pages and Hencemen. Their Attire was very gorgeous, 3. great many wearing n O mittant. T. R. apud lViflmona/ler. 12 die ynnz'i. ‘ Confimilia Brevia diriguntur fingulis Vice~ comitibus Anglia)? In Engli/b Inns : The King to the Sheriffs of London, Greeting. Becaufe the People of our Realm, as well of good QJality as mean, have commonly in their Sports, before thefe Times, exercifed the Skill of Shooting Arrows, whence/it is well known, that Honour and Profit have accrued to our whole Realm ; and to us, by the Help of God, no fmall Allifiance in our warlike Aé‘ts. And now, the faid Skill being as it were wholly laid afide, the fame People pleafe themfelvbs in hurling of Stones and Wood and Iron; and fome in Hand-ball, Foot-ball, Bandy-ball, and in Cam- buck *, and Cock-fighting; and fome alfo ap- ply themfelves to other difhonef’c Games, and lefs profitable or ufeful -, whereby the faid Realm is likely in a fhort Time to become deftitute of n _ Archers : . . We, willing to apply a feafonable Remedy to this, command you, that, in Places in the fore- faid City, as well within the Liberties as without, where you {hall fee it expedient, you caufe pub— lic Proclamation to be made, that every one of the faid City, {trong in Body, at leifure Times on Holidays, ufe, in their Recreations, Bows and Arrows, or Pellets or Bolts, and learn and exer- cile the Art of Shooting 3 forbidding all and fin- gular *QJ' Chap. XXIX. gular on but Behalf, that they do not after any Manner apply themfelves to the Throwing of Stones, Wood, Iron, Hand-ball, Foot-ball, Ban— dy—ball, Cambuc, or Cock-fighting, or fuch other like vain Plays, which have no Profit in them -, .or concern themfelves therein, under Pain of Im- prifonment. Witnefs the King at [Ve/lininjler, the 12th Day of 711726. The like Letters were fent to all the Sheriffs in England] And, for Defence and Ufe of the Weapon, there is a fpecial Profeffion of Men that teach it. You may read in mine Annals, how that in the Year I 222, the 6th of King Henry III, on Saint 7ames’s Day, the Citizens kept Games of Defence and Wreftlings near to the Hofpital of Matilda, at St. Giles’sin the F ields,where they challenged and had the Maltery of the Men in the Suburbs, and other Commoners, fife. A Game at The Bailiff of Weflminfler, devifing to be re- Wl’f’mi'I/i” 0" venged, proclaimed a Game to be at We/lminfler “”22an upon Lamina: Day ; whereunto the Citizens wil- ' ' lingly repaired. When they had played a While, the Bailiff, with the Men of the Suburbs, harnelfed them; {elves treacheroufly, and fell to fuch Fighting, that the Citizens, being fore wounded, were for— ced to run into the City, where they rung the common Bell, and afl‘embled the Citizens in great Number. When the Matter was declared, every Man wilhed to revenge the F aét -, but the Lord Mayor of the City, being a wife and quiet '-Man, willed them firft to move the Abbot of W'eflinin/ler in the Matter, and, if he would pro- Games of Defence. l'The Advice of the Lord Mayor. The bad , mife to lee Amends made, it was fufiicient. But a gounmpf certain Citizen, named Conflantine Fitz-flrnulit, onflam‘me Fitgfigmlit willed that all the Houfes of the Abbot and Bai- as bad follow- liffihouldbepulleddown. WhichdefperateWords “1- were no fooner fpoken, but the common People, as unadvifedly, ifl'ued forth of the City with— out any Order, and fought a cruel Battle, Con- flantine pulling down divers Houfes -, and the Peo- ple, as praifing Con/lantine, cried, The 70y of the Mountain, the joy of the Mountain; God help, and the Lord Lodowihe. Chron. Dom. A few Days after this Tumult, the'Abbot of The Abbomf Wedminfler came to London, to Philip Dawheny, WWW?” one of the King’s Council, to complain of the put to is . _ . . . Shifts_ Injuries done to him : The Londoners, perceivmg it, befet the Houfe about, and took by Violence twelve of the Abbot’s Horfes away, cruelly beating his Men, €975. But, whill‘t the faid Daw- heny laboured to pacify the Uproar, the Abbot got out at the back Door of the Houfe, and f0, by a Boat on the Thames, hardly efcaped, the Ci- tizens throwing Stones after him in great Abun- dance. The Lord Thefe Things being thus done, Hubert de Chief Juflice Barge, Chief Juf’tice of England, with a great ‘meredthe Army of Men, came to the Tower of London, flag 5;” and lent for the Mayor and Aldermen, of whom Army. he enquired for the principal Authors of this Faftion. Con/lantine, being coni’tant in the Sedi- tion, was more conl’tant in the Anfwer; affirm- ing, that he had done it, and that he had done much lefs than he meant to have done, the Juf- , tice took him, and two others with him, and that Morning fent him 'to Faloatiu: by Water, with a great Number Of armed Men, who brought Can/lamina Con/lamina to the Gallows; but, when he faw the :2: 23‘6“ Rope about his Neck, he offered for his Life fif- g ' teen thoufand Marks, yet it would not feem to fave him; fo he was hanged, with Con/lantine his Nephew, and Galfrid that proclaimed his Pro- clamation, on the 16th of fluguflj . Playing anhe The Youths of this City alfo have ufed, on Bucklers. Holidays, after Evening Prayer, at their Mal’ters Doors, to exercife their Waifiers and Bucklers : Sports and Pet/limes. 303 ‘ and the Maidens, one of them playing on a Tim4 brel, in‘ Sight of their Mailers and Dames, to‘ , dance for Garlands, hanged thwart the StreetSJDMcing for Which open Pafiimes in my Youth being now Garlands in ’ fuppreffed, worfer Practices within Doors are to the 5““‘5" be feared. _ As for the Baiting of Bulls and Bears, they are till this Day much frequented, namely, in Bear: Bear and Bull gardens on the Ban/a-fide, wherein are prepared Bai‘ing- Scaffolds for Beholders to {land upon. Sliding on the Ice is now but Children’s Play :' Sliding, but in Hawking and Hunting many graVe CitiJ Hakagg zens at this prelent have great Delight, and do’ and Hummg' rather want Leifure than good Will to follow it. ' Of triumphant Shews made by the Citizens of Mat. Parir. London, ye may read in the Year 1236, the Shéws for twentieth of Henry III, flndre'w Boo/trel then being Tnumphs‘ Mayor, how Helianor, Daughter to Raymond Earl of Provence, riding thorough the City toward Wejl- minfler, there to be crowned Qieen of England, the City was adorned with Silks, and in the Night with Lamps, Lanthorns, and other Lights, without Number, befides many Pageants, and flrange Devices there prefented. The Citizens rode to The Citizens meet the King and (Qieen, cloathed in long Gar- *0de ments embroidered about with Gold, and Silks of Embroidered, divers Colours, their Horfes gallantly trapped, Garments" to the Number of three Hundred and fixty; e~ very Man bearing a Cup of Gold or Silver in his Hand, and the King’s Trumpeters before them. Thefe Citizens did minifier Wine, as But» The Citizens lers, which is their Service at the Coronation. gutlersa.‘ Moreover, in the Year I 298, forVié‘tory obtained omnanom' by Edward I. againl’t the Scots, every Citizen, ac- cording to their feveral Trade, made their feveral , Shew, but, efpecially the F ilhmongers, which Fiihmongers in a folemn Proceffion pafl‘ed through the City; Prqcefllo" {0" having, amongf’t other Pageants and Shews, four 33:)? h of . . ).- Sturgeons gilt, carried on four Horfes 5 then more than four Salmons of Silver on four Horfes ; and after onethoufand them forty-fix armed Knights riding .on Horfes, H°rfemen~ made like Sluices of the Sea, and then one re- prefenting St. Magnus, becaufe it was upon St. Magnus’s Day, with a thoufand Horfemen, 69%. Of one other Shew, you may read in the Year A Show by 1377, made by the Citizens for Difport of the T9“?! Lighfg young Prince Richard, Son to the Black Prince, Edging; in the F call: of Chriflmas; and in this! Manner: thanyonehun. On the Sunday before Candlemax, in the Night, dred Men on one Hundred and thirty Citizens, difguifed and H0‘kback' well horfed, in a Mummery with Sound of Trumpets, large Trumpets, Horns, Shalms, and other Minlirels, and innumerable Torch Lights of Wax, rode from Newgate through Cheap, oVer the Bridge, through Southwar/e, and f0 to Ken: nington befides Lamheth -, where the young Prince remained with his Mother, and the Duke of Laneafler, his Uncle, the Earls of Camhridge, Hartford, Warwick, and Sufil/e, with divers other ’ Lords. In the firl’t Rank did ride F arty-eight, in the Likenefs and Habit of Efquires, two and two to»- gether, cloathed in red Coats, and Gowns of Say or Sandall, with comely Vizors on their Faces. After them came riding forty-eight Knights in the fame Livery of Colour and Stuff. Then followed one richly arrayed like an Emperor -, and after him, at fome Dil’tance, one [lately attired like a Pope -, whom followed twen- ty-four Cardinals, and after them eight or ten with black Vizors not amiable, as if they had been Legates from fome foreign Princes. Thefe Mafkers, after they had entered the Manoriof Kennington, alighted from their Horfes, and entered the Hall on Foot 5. which done, the Prince, his Mother, and the Lords, came out of the Chamber into the Hall, whom the faid Mum» mers did falute ; ihewing, by a Pair of Dice on 4 H ’ the 3-04 the Table, their Delire to play with the Prince -, which they fo handled that the Prince did always win, when he cult them. The Prince Then the Mummers fet to the Prince three did win three Jewels one after another -, which were a Bowl of Jewels of the Gold, a Cup of Gold, and a Ring of Gold -, makers“ which the Prince won at three Calls. Then they fet to the Prince’s Mother, the Duke, the Earls, and other Lords, to every one a Ring of Gold; which they did alfo win. After which they were feafted, and the Mufic founded 3 the Prince and Lords danced on the one Part with the Mummers, who did alfo dance : Which Jollitry being ended, they were again made to drink, and then departed in Order as they came. . The like was done to Henry IV, in the Second of his Reign ; he then keeping his Chri/tmas at El— tham, twelve Aldermen of London and their Sons rode in a Mumming, and had great Thanks. Thus much for fportful Shews in Triumphs may fuflice. Of other Shews for Sports and Pai’times yearly ufed. F iri’t, In the Feai’t of Chri/tlnas there was, in the King’s Houfe wherefoever he was lodged, a Lord of Mf- Lord of Ali/rule, or Mafler of merry Difports ; and "”1" at Chi/5’ the like had ye in the Houfe of every Nobleman of ”m" Honour, or good Worlhip, were he Spiritual or Temporal. Among the which, the Mayor of London, and either of the Sheriffs, had their feve- ral Lords of Mfrule, ever contending without Qiarrel or Offence, who ihould make the raref’t Pafiimes to delight the Beholders. Thefe Lords, beginningtheir Rule at dlholland Eve, continued the fame till the Morrow after the Feafl: of the Purification, commonly called Candlemas Day : In all which Space, there were fine and fubtle Dif- guifings, Maiks, and Mummeries, with Playing at Cards for Counters, Nails, and Points, more for Pafiimes than for Gain. [Againi‘t the Fealt of Chriflmas, every »Man’s .Houfe, as [al'fo‘their Parifh Churches, were deck- ed with Holm, Ivy, Bays, and whatfoever the Seafon of the Year afforded to be green. The Conduits and Standards in the Streets were like- wife garnilhed. Among the whichI read, that, TFmPefiS 0f in the Year 1444, by Tempel’ts of Thunder and L‘ghmmg Lightning, 'on the [ft of h'ehruary at Night, St. d Th d . 232d 3,132,}: Paul’s Steeple was fired, but W1th great Labour Steeple, over- quenched -, and, towards the Morning of Candle— - Eh”: tile mas Day, at Leadenhall in Cornhill, a . Stand- 14:23:21,]? ard of Tree, being fet up in the Midft of the and threw, Pavement, fall in the Ground, nailed full of j Stones of the Holm and Ivy, for Difpo-rt of Chriflmas to the; People, was torn Up, and caft down by the may Pavement in- to Men’s Houfes. lignant Spirit, as was thought, and the Stones of the Pavement, all about, were caft in the Streets, and into divers Houfes, f0 that the Peo- ple were fore agait at the great Tempeiis. In the Week before Eajler, had ye great Shews TwittedTrees made, for the fetching in of a twi/ted Tree, or‘ fetched from I/Vyth, as, they termed it, out of the Woods, into the W°°ds' the King’s Houfe -, and the like into every Man’s Houfe of Honour or Worihip. In the Month of May, namely on May-day, in the Morning, every Man, except Impediment, would [walk into the fweet Meadows and green Woods, there to rejoice their Spirits with the Beauty and Savour of fweet Flowers, and with the Noife of Birds, praifing God in their Kind. Edward Hall. And, for more notable Example hereof, Edward Hall hath noted, that King Henry the Eighth, as in the Third of his Reign, and divers other Years, fo namely in the Seventh of his Reign, on May-day in the Morning, with (ween Catha- rine, his Wife, accompanied with many Lords and Ladies, rode a, Maying from Greenwich to the high Ground of Shooters-hill ; where, as they. paired by the Way, they efpied a Company ,of tall I , May Games. Shows and Triumphs. May Games. Book I. Yeomen, cloathed all in Green, with green Hoods, andwith Bows and Arrows, to the Num— ber of two Hundred. One, being their Chief- tain, was called Rohin Hood, who required the Rohin Hood King and all his Company to I’tay and fee his and his Men Men lhoot; whereunto the King granting, Rohin thzolzgfom Hood whif’tled, and all the two Hundred Archers g. fhot off, loofing all at once 5 and,when he whii’tled again, they likewife {hot again -, their Arrows whii’tled by Craft of the Head, fo that the Noife was f’trange and loud, which greatly delighted the King, .Qleen, and their Company. Moreover, this Rohin Hood defired the King and Qieen, with their Retinue, to enter the green Wood, where, in Arbors made with Boughs, and decked with Flowers, they were fet and ferved plentifully with Venifon and Wine, by Rohin Hood and his Men, to their great Contentment; and J had other Pageants and Pafiimes, as ye may read in my faid Author. I find alfo that, in the Month of May, the Ci- tizens of London, of all Ef’tates, lightly in every Pariih, or fometimes two or three Parifhes join— ing together, had their feveral Mayings, and did fetch . in Maypoles, with divers warlike Shews, with good Archers, Morrice-Dancers, and Other Devices for Paflime all'the Day long ; and, to- wards the Evening, they had Stage—Plays, and Bonfires in the Streets. Of thefe Mayings we read, in the Reign of Henry VI, that the Aldermen and Sheriffs of London, being on May-day at the Bifhop of Lon- BifhoP's don’s Wood in the Pariih of Stepney, and hav- $31“; Hall ing there a worfhipful Dinner for themfelves and b; £5; ' other Comers, Lydgate the Poet, that was a Monk nu] Green. of Bury, fent to them, by a Purfu-ivant, a joyful Commendation of that Seafon, containing fixteen Staves in Metre Royal, beginning thus : .Mighty Flora, Goddefi of frdh Flowers, Which cloathed hath the Soil in lufly Green, Made Buds fpring, with her fweet Showers, By Influence of the 'Sun/hine, To do Pleafance of Intent full clean, Unto the States which now flt here, ' Hath Ver down fent, her own Daughter dear, Making the Vertue that dured in the Root, Called, of Clerks, the Vertue roegetahle, For to afcend, mofi wholefome and rno/t foote, Into the Top, this Sea/on f0 agreeahle : if he Bawmy Liquor is [0 commendahle, Thatit rejoiceth, with his freyh Moi/lure, Man, Bea/l, and Fowl, and every Creature, &c. About the ninth Year of the Reign of King Henry VIII, a great Heart—burning and malici— ous Grudge grew amongf’t the Engli/hmen of the City of London againi’t Strangers 3 and, namely, the Artificers found themfelves much aggrieved, . becaufe fuch Number of Strangers were permitted The Number to refort hither with their Wares, and to exercife 9f 535mg“? Handicrafts, to the great Hindrance and Impove- figs?!“ mlf' riihing of the King’s Liege People. Which Ma- The pleafant Month of May com- mended. lice grew to fuch a Point that one 7ohn Lincoln, 70sz limo/u; ' a Broker, buiied himfelf f0 far in the Matter, a Broker, Be- ginner of the Infurrefiion. that, about Palm Sunday, or the Fifth of April, he came to Dr. Henry Standiflt with, thefe Words : ‘ Sir, I underi’tand, that you {hall preach at the ' ‘ Spittal on Monday in Eafier Week -, and fo it is ‘ that Engli/hmen, both Merchants and others, are ‘ undone by Strangers, who have more Liberty ‘ in this Land than they; which is againf’t Rea— ‘ fon, and alfo againi’t the Commonweal of this ‘ Realm; I befeech you, therefore, to declare A 13m 056,94 C this in your Sermon, and in {0 doing you lhall by Lincoln to and Doétor Stan- deferve great Thanks of my Lord Mayor, (117/5- ‘ of all his Brethren.’ And herewith he offered unto the faid Doétor a Bill, containing the Mat- ter more at large. But Dr. Standiflo, wifely confi- dering, that there might more Inconveniencfc an e Chap- Doéior Bell undertook to read Lincoln’s Bill in the Pulpit; The Bill con- tained much {editions Matter. XXIX. arife thereof, thanhe would wifh, if he fhould deal in fuch a Sort, both refufed the Bill, and told Lincoln plainly, that he meant not to meddle with any fuch Matter in his Sermon. . Whereupon the faid Lincoln went unto one Dr. Bell, that was appointed likewife to preach upon Tnefday in Eafier Week at the fame Spinal, whom he perfuaded to read his faid Bill in the Pulpit: Which Bill contained, in Effect, the Griefs that many found with Strangers, for .taking the Livings away from Artificers, and the Intercourfe from Merchants, the Redrefs whereof muf’t come from the Commons knit in one : For, as the Hurt touched all Men, f0 mul’t all fet to their helping Hands. Which Letter he read, or the chiefelt Part thereof, comprehending much feditious Mat— ter. And then he began with this Sentence : Co?— lum ea'lz' Domino, terram antem dedit filiis hominnm. z'. e. ‘ The Heaven to the Lord of Heaven, but ‘ the Earth he hath given to the Children of ‘ Men.’ And upon this Text he treated, how this Land was given to Engli/hmen, and, as Birds defend their Neils, fo ought Engll/hmen'to cherifh and maintain themfelves, and to hurt and grieve Aliens for Refpeét of their Commonwealth. And on this Text, Pngna pro Patrla, i. e. ‘ Fight for ‘ your Country,’ he brought in, how, by God’s Law, it was lawful to fight for their Country ; and thus he fubtlyr moved the People to rebel againf’t Strangers. By this Sermon, many a light- headed Perfon took Courage, and openly fpake fl againft Strangers. And, by feveral Mifhaps, there ‘ had been divers evil Parts of late plaid by Stran- Quarrels urg- ed to Stran— gers, as they were in the Streets. Evil Ma}- day. gers, in and about the City of London; which kindled the People’s Rancor the more furioufly againfl: them. The Twenty-eighth Day of flprz'l, divers young Men of the City picked Qiarrels with certain Strangers, as they paifed along the Streets -, fome they fmote and buffeted, and fome they threw in the Channel ; for which the Lord Mayor fent fome of the Engli/hmen to Prifon, as Stephen Stud- ley, Skinner, Steven/on, Belts, and others. Then fuddenly rofe, a fecret Rumour, and [no Man could tell how it began, that on May—day next following the City would flay all Aliens -, infomuch that divers Strangers fled out of the City. This Rumour came to the Knowledge of the King’s Council ; whereupon the Lord Cardi— nal fent for the Mayor, and others of the Council of the City, giving them to unlicrliand what he had heard. The Lord Mayor, as one ignorant of the Matter, told the Cardinal, that he doubted not fo to govern the City, that Peace {hould be obferved. The Cardinal willed him fo to do, and to take good Heed, that, if any riotous Attempt were intended, A Meeting of he fhould by good PoliCy prevent it. The Mayor, the Lord Mayor and his Brethren at Guildhall. The Recor- der and Sir Thomas More f em to the Cardinal. coming from the Cardinal’s Houfe, about Four of the Clock in the Afternoon on May Eve, fent for his Brethren to the Guildhall, yet was it al- moi’t Seven of the Clock before the Afl’embly was fet. Upon Conference had of the Matter, fome thought it necefliiry, that a fubf’tantial Watch ihould be fet of honel’t Citizens, which might withfiand the Evil-doers, if they went about any Mifrule. Other were of a contrary Opi- nion, as rather thinking it belt, that every Man {hould be commanded to fhut in his Doors, and to keep his Servants within. Before Eight of the Clock, Mr. Recorder was fent to the Cardinal with thefe Opinions, who, hearing the fame, al— lowed the latter: And then the Recorder and Sir Thomas More, late Under Sherihc of London, and then of the King’s Council, came back again to the Guildhall, and there fhewed the Pleafure of the King’s Council -, whereupon every Alderman fent to his Ward‘, that no 'Man, after Nine of the Clock, Ihould fiir out of his Houfe, but May Games. Evil May-day. ’ Evening, as Sir 7m Mandy, Alderman, came . 395 keep his Doors fhut, and his Servants within, until Nine of the Clock in the l‘i/IOrning. “ After this Commandment was given in the An Alderman refilled, and from his‘.Ward, he found two young" Men in the ‘ ' putto Flight. Cheap playing at the Bucklers, and a great many young Men looking on them ; for the C0m~ - mand feemed to be fearcely publifhed, he com— ' manded them to leave off. And, becaufe one of them afked him why, he would have him fent to the Compter. But the Prentices relifl'edgthe Al- derman, taking the young Man from him, and cryed, Prentices, Prentices, Clnhr, Clubs; then out at every Door came Clubs and other Weapons, f0 that the Alderman was forced to Flight. Then ‘ more People arofe' out of every Qiarter, and forth came Servingmen, Watermen, Courtiers, and others: So that by Eleven of the Clock there were in the Cheap fix or feven Hundred ; and out of St. Paul’s Church—yard came about three Hundred. From all Places they gathered together, and broke up the Compter, took out the Prifoners which had been committed thither by the Lord Mayor for hurting the Strangers ; alfo they went to Newgate, and took out Studley and Betty, committed thither for the like Caufe. The Mayor and Sheriffs were prefent, and made Proclamation in the King’s Name, but nothing was obeyed. . Being thus gathered into feveral Heaps, they Sir 7’ homar ran through St. Nicholas’s Shamhles, and at St. [‘3'0731359?‘ Zl/Iartz'n’s Gate there met with them Sir Thomas 362132322; 1‘. More, and others, defiring them to go to their titude. ‘ Lodoin s. AsD dilly were thus intreating, and had almofi: perfuaded the People to depart, they within St. Martin’s threw out Stones and Bats, fo that they hurt divers honei’c Perfons which Were with Sir Thomas More, perfuading the rebellious Rout to ceafe. Infomuch as, at length, one Nicholas Den— Alix/Join: pm: nit, a Serjeant, at Arms, bein there fore hurt, ”It“; Serlefant cried in a Fury, Down with t em; and thenal’l inn-rm“ or: the unruly Perfons ran to the Doors and Win- dows Of the Houfes within St. Martin’s, and fpoiled all that they found. After that they ran into Cornhz'll, and ft) on to a Houfe call of Lea- denhall, called the Green Gate, where dwelt one Mewtas, a Pz’eard or Frenchman, within whofe Mamas aPi- Houfe dwelt divers Frenchmen, whom they like— “W’- wife fpoiled ; and, if they had found Mewtas, they would have {tricken off his Head. Some ran to Blanehapleton, and there broke up TheStrangers the Strangers Houiés, ‘and fpoiled them} Thus Houf'35br0- they continued till Three a Clock in the Morning, LBelanclhhjlteton.‘ atwhich Time theybegan to withdraw; but, by the Way, they were taken by the Mayor and others, and fent to the Tower, Newgate, and Comptert, to the Number of three Hundred. The Cardinal was advertifed by Sir Thomas Parre, whom in all Haf’te he fent to Richmond to inform the King 5 who immediately fent to un— derftand the State of the City, and was truly in- Elsi/tibia formed. Sir Roger Cholmeley, Lieutenant of the State of the Tower, during theTime of this Bufinefs, ihot City. off certain Pieces of Ordnance againl’t the City, but did no great Hurt. About Five of the CIOCk in the Morning, the Earls of Shrew/hwy andThe Lords Sorry, Thomas Doe/tery, Lord Prior of Saint {game With John’s, George Nevill, Lord Ahergatoenny, and o- 1:272:23 t° thers, came to London with fuch PoWers as they could make -, f0 did the Inns of Court. But, be- fore they came, the Bufinefs was done, as ye have heard. _ i . Then were the Prifoners examined and the D0510, 3,1, Sermon of Doctor Bell called to Remembrance, fent to the . and he fent to the Tower. A Commiffion of Oyer' 870%”th 1‘" and Terminer was direéted to the Duke of Nor— ermo ‘ The King folk, and other Lords, for Punifhment of this In- ' furreétion. 306 furreétion. The Second of May, the Commifi‘i- toners, with the Lord Mayor, Aldermen, and Juf- tices, went to the Guild/gall, where many of the Olfenders were indicted; whereupon they were arraigned, and pleaded, Not Guilty, having Day given them till the 4th of May. The Duke of On which Day, the Lord Mayor, the Duke of Var/W emer- Norfolk, the Earl of Surry, and others came to “4&0?!“ fit in the Guildhall. TheDuke of Norfolk enter- men“’°° ed the City with one Thoufand three hundred Men, and the Prifoners were brought through the Streets tied in Ropes ; fome Men, fome Lads but of thirteen and fourteen Years old, to the Number of two Hundred and feventy-eight Per- fons. That Day, 7obu Lincoln and divers others were indicted, and the next Day thirteen were adjudged to be drawn, hanged, and quartered; Ten Pair of for Execution whereof .ten Pair of Gallows were Gallows 1’“ fet up in divers Places of the City; as at Aldgate, ‘s’iéi‘fshgim Blaucbapletou, Gracec/ourc/oflreet, Leadeulaall, be— London. fore either of the Compter: -, at Newgate, St. Martin’s, at fllderfgate and Bi/bopfgate. And thefe Gallows were fet upon Wheels to be'removed from Street to Street, and from Door to Door, where the Prifoners were to be executed. On the Seventh of May 701m Lincoln, one Skir- wirz, and two Brethren, named Ben‘s, with divers ffizcr‘gédlje‘but others, were adjudged to die. They were on the {pited by the Hurdles drawn to the Standard in the Cheap, and King. firfi was Lincoln executed -, and, as the others had the Ropes about their Necks, there came a Com— mandment from the King to refpite the Execu- tion -, and then were the Prifoners fent again to Prifon, and the armed Men fent away out of the City, On the Thirteenth of May the King came to We/Zmz'ufler-lvall, and with him the Lord Cardinal, the Dukes of Norfolk and Suflol/e, the Earls of Shrew/bury, Eflex, Muff/are, and Surry, with many Lords and other of the King’s Council; the Lord Mayor of London, Aldermen, and other chief Citizens were then in their belt Liveries by The Prifoners Nine of the Clock in the Morning. Then came in were brought the Prifoners bound in Ropes in a Rank one af- $36213; [fl ter another, in their Shirts -, and every one had a WWW-lea”- Halter about his Neck, being in Number four Hundred Men, and eleven Women. When they were thus come before the King’s Prefence, the Cardinal laid fore to the Mayor and Aldermen their Negligence, and to the Prifoners he declared, how juitly they had deferved to die. Then all the Prifoners together cried to the King 701m Lincoln, the Broker, The'King for Mercy. And therewith the Lords befought graC‘OUHY his Grace for Pardon 3 at whofe Requel’t, the King . pardoned all the Prifoners. _ pronounced, all the Prifoners lhouted ‘at once, and cal’t their Halters towards the Roof of the Hall. The Prifoners being difmifi'ed, the Gallows were taken down, and the Citizens took more Heed to their Servants, keeping, for eVer after, as on that Night, a ftrong Watch in Armour, in Remembrance of Evil May-day.) Thefe great Mayz'ugs and Maygamer, made by the Governors and Matters of the City, with the triumphant Setting up of the great Shaft, a prin- cipal Maypole in Corubz'll, before the Parifh Church of St. Andrew, therefore called Under/baft, by Means of that Infurreétion of Youths againl’t Aliens on May-day I 517, the Ninth of Henry VIII, have not been fo freely, ufed as before. , And, therefore, I leave them, and will fomewhat touch of Watches, as alfo of Shews in the Night. Of WATCHES z'u tbz’: City, and other Matters commanded; and the Caufe w/oy. Cur e-‘w Bell, , ~ . at Eight of Illzam tire Conqueror commanded, that, in the Clock. every Town and Village, a Bell lhould be CWmamlSd nightly rung, at Eight of the Clock, and that Fue and Cam , . . dle ,0 be all People 1hould then put out their Fire, and quenched. 2 Whit/Ben Uproarr, Mutiuies, aud Riots. pardoned them all. The general Pardon being 1 their Members imprifoned. They have got into Book I. Candle, and take their Reit. ”Which Order was obferved through this Realm during his Reign, and the Reign of William Rufur: But,Heury I. reitoring to his Subjects the Ufe of Fire or Lights, as before, it followed, by Reafon of Wars within the Realm, that many Men alfo gave themfelves to Robbery and Murders in the Night: For Ex- ample whereof in this City, Roger Hovedeu writ- eth thus; ‘ In the Year 1175, a Council was kept at Roger How— Nottingham. In Time of which Council, a Bro- 46’”; Mar-“- ‘ ther of the Earl Ferrers being in the Night fmlt' ‘ privily'flain in London, and thrOwn out of his Inn into the dirty Street, when the King under- flood thereof, he fwore, that he would be re- venged on the Citizens. For it was then, faith mine Author, a common Praétice in this City, that a Hundred or more in a Company, young and old, would make nightly Invafions upon Houfes of the \Vealthy, to the Intent to rob them; and, if they found any Man Ptirring in Night-walk- 7 the City within the Night, that was not of ersmurthered their Crew, they would prefently murther him : all the? me" infomuch that, When Night was come, no Man durlt adventure to walk in the Streets. When this had continued long, it fortuned, that as a Crew of young and wealthy Citizens, ailem— bling together in the Night, alfaulted a Stone - Houfe of a certain rich Man, and breaking through the Wall, the good Man of that Houfe having prepared himfelf with others in a Cor— ner, when he perceived one of the Thieves, named Andrew Bucquz'ut, to lead the Way, with a burning Brand in the one Hand, and a Pot of Coals in the other, which he alfayed to kin— dle with the Brand, he flew upon him, and fmote off his right Hand, and then with aloud Voice cried T/oz'e‘ves. At the Hearing whereof, the Thieves took their Flight, all faving he that had loft his Hand, Whom the good Man, the next Morning, "delivered to Rickard .de Lucie, the King’s Jufiice. This Thief, upon Warrant Rich Thieves of his Life, impeached his Confederates, of mofi worthy, whom many were taken, and many were fled. Eghbhhgnged‘ Among the reft that were apprehended, a cer— mefigfifigre tain Citizen of great Countenance, Credit, and and Water, Wealth, named 701m Seuex, who forafmuch as called Ordeal, he could not acquit himfelf by the Water Doom, “356°???” as that Law was then termed, he offered to the 3min, fir, King' five hundred Pounds of Silver for his i205. De- Life. But, forafniuch as he was condemned by (”ML M- St Judgment of the Water, the King would not take the Offer, but commanded him to be hang- ed on the Gallows ; which was done, and then the City became more quiet for a long Time after.’ , Thefe Uproars and *Mutinies have often hap- Caufc why pened in the City, raifed by the more ordinary Watches in Sort of Tradefmen, upon fome Difgults taken taillight. either at Strangers, whom they thought obl’cruét- manded and ed their Benefit by their Trades, or upon Dearth when. . of Provifions, or fome Impofitions pat upon them “If“??? "1 by the Governors, or for the Refcue of fome oft e n) ' 7. S. C C C c c c ”c c t C c c c c c c c c c t e e 5 C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C great Numbers with Arms, and foon joined with Ruflians, Serving-men, and other loofe Perfons, who in the old Records were called Maley‘ac‘lors, or Evildoers, that were the chief ‘Mifchief-makers. And in thefe Tumults they have broken Open Citizens Houfes, fpoiled their Goods, imprifoned their Perfons, and fome they have wounded and flew. Such a dangerous lnfurreétion happened in the Beginning of King Edward III’s Reign, and had lalted for fome Time, of the Bakers, Ta- vern-keepers, Millers, Cooks, Poulterers, Fifhc mongers, Butchers, Brewers, Cornchandlers, and of divers other Trades and Mylteries, together with that Ioofe‘Sort of People called iMale/afiorr. For the Supprefling and Puniihing of them, the King Chap. Record. (Turn Pat. 2.1307. HI. p. 2. in. ii. The King’s ‘ Letter for the Seizing of the Difiurbers of the Citizens. And for the Judging of them. Pat. 2. Ed. III. p. 2. m. u. dor/o. XXIX. King fent his LEtters to the Mayor and Sheriffs ; In which Letters their Mifdemeanors are thus defcribed: ‘ That they went through the City ‘ by Night and by Day, with Swords and Buck- ‘ km and other Arms, either by the Initigation ‘ of others, or their own Malice ; and fome they ‘ beat and mifufied, and committed other Wick- ‘ edneifes, and manifold Enormities againit thel ‘ King’s Peace, to the no fmall Damage and ‘ Grievance of his faithful Subjects. There was yet another Letter near the fame Time wrote by the King to the Mayor and She— riffs, for f’triét Care to be taken by them for the more efie&ual Seizing of thefe lawlefs Medefde- tors, and bringing them to condign Punifliment : Whereby may be further feen their Violences. Rex Majorz' {3° Vieewmz‘tifinr London, Salutern, 82%. i. e. The King to the Mayor and Sheriffs of ‘ London, Greeting. Whereas it is given to us ‘ to underfiand, that very many Evil-doers and ‘ Difturbers of our Peace have made diVers ‘ Knots, Confederacies, and. unlawful Conventi- ‘ cles within the forefaid City and Suburbs of the ‘ fame, fince we have taken the Government of ‘ our Realm, and do wander about and run here ‘ and there, beating, wounding, and mifufing the ‘ People, and wickedly killing fome of them, " and fpoiling others of their Goods and PoITef~ ‘ fions; and taking and imprifoning others, as ‘ well of the City and Suburbs, as thofe that ‘ come to the faid City and Suburbs about their ‘ Bufinefs ; and detaining them in Prifon, until ‘ they have made them give Fines and Redemp- ‘ ti0ns; and committing other Mifdemeanors; ‘ and not defifiing daily to commit them; to ‘ the Breach of our Peace, and the Terror of ‘ our People in thofe Parts, and manifefily tend- ‘ ing to Commotion : WE, willing to have fuch ‘ Malcfdfiars punifhed, and the Tranquillity of ‘ our People to be inviolably kept, as we are ‘ bound to do by our Oath, command you that, ‘ by the Oath of honeil; Men of your Bailiffwick, ‘ ye diligently enquire of the Names of the fore- ‘ faid Medefnfiors, and of them that knowingly ‘ receive and maintain them, and find out the ‘ Truth concerning other Articles more fully ‘ g ‘ ‘ ‘ ¢ ‘ ‘ ‘ C ‘ touching the Premilfes. And all thofe whom, thereupon it {hall happen to be judged, and al— f0 thofe whom ye {hall find doing fuch Things as are premifed, ye caufe without Delay to be taken, and to be fafely kept in our Prifon, un- til ye {hall have fome further Command from " us hereupon. And that ye fo behave your- felves in this Behalf, that the Damages and Lewdneifes aforefaid may not happen there any more. Whereby we might take it heavily of you, as of them to whom we have commit- ted the Cuf’tody of the faid City, under the Danger that is incumbent. In Witnefs where- of, 69°C? V 1 It may not be amifs to fee thefurther Progrefs of this «Bufinefs. The Mayor and Sheriffs had, according to the aforefaid Letters, taken up many of thofe diforderly feditious People. And now the King iiTued forth other Letters for the Profe- cution of them -, direéted to his Judges, and the Mayor, Sheriffs, and Aldermen -, according to the late Charter granted to the City, whereby the Mayor, in all Places of Judgment within the Liberties, was to fit as Judge, nay as chief Judge; and the Aldermen that had been Mayors, to be Jui’tices of the Peace within London and Middle/ex. Thefe Letters were as enfueth : Olivero de Ingbmn, 86¢. i. e. ‘ To Oliver de ‘ Ing/mrn, to 701m Matrd'vers, 70% de Sinner, Ro- ‘ bert de Maiden/very), and 70% de Grant/mm; to ‘ the Mayor, Ede. Forafmuch as our City of Lon- .‘ don is our Chamber; and on that Account the _‘ Men of the faid City of London are more firmly Night Watches and Banflrer. obliged to the Defence of our Perfon‘, and Confervation of our Rights ; We more heavily bearing the Premifles, and willing that they be puniihed as it is fit, have commanded you our fhould enquire diligently of the Premiifes, and fhould take thofe whom ye fhould find culpa-a ble by the fame Inquifition, and keep them fafe, until ye fhould have fome further Command thereupon from us. And, becaufe the Premifi'es do fpecially touch us and the State of our Crown, willing to determine the faid Inquifiti~ ons, and all other Things touching the Premifz fes according to the Exigence of Law,- we have afiigned you our Jui‘tices to hear and deter— mine the Inquifitions and Indiétments made by the fame Inquifitions, {3°63 Thefe Riots of Ruffians going in Armour, and ufing Violences in the City, could not yet be quelled by thefe Proceedings by the King’s fpe— cial Command againi’c them. ForI find the fame King Edward III. ifliiing forth Letters againfi: thefe Malefnfz’or: in the tenth Year of his Reign, himfelf being then in Scotland, to the Mayor, Sheriffs and Aldermen, ‘ Concerning. many Males ‘ fnfiars in the City and Dii‘turbers ofthe Peace, as well of the City, as elfewhere, that made mu- ‘ tual Confederacies, Afi'emblies and unlawful ‘ Coventicles, as well by Day as by Night ; god 5 ing armed, and carrying Arms, and leading ‘ an armed Power, and procuring them to be led, " wandered and ran‘ about, beating and wound- ‘ ing Men, and depriving fome of their Limbs, ‘ and fpoiling others of their Goods and Proper— ‘ ties -, and taking others and detaining them in ‘ Prifon privily, until they fhould make certain nahhaflnnnnflahnnnn l‘ Fines and Redemptions according to their Wills; and wrei‘ting from fome, by Threats and Fear of Death, and other fuch-like Hard- fhips, great Sums of Money. The King there- fore commanded the Mayor, Ea’c. to remedy thefe Trangreflions. And, if it were more than they could do, to certify his Council under the common Seal of the City. Witnefs the King at St. 70/972’5 Town.’] But, for a full Remedy of Enormities in the Night, I read, that, in the Year of Chriit 1253, Henry III. commanded Watches in Cities and Borough Towns to be kept, for the better Ob- ferving of Peace and Quietnefs amongft his Peo~ le. ‘ , And further, by the Advice of them of Savoy, he ordained, that if any Man chanced to be robbed, or by any Means damnified, by any Thief or Robber; he to whom the Charge of keeping that Country, City or Borough, chiefly appertained, where the Robbery was done, ihould competently refiore the Lofs. And this was after the Ufe of Savoy -, but yet thought more hard to be obferved here, than in thofe Parts. And therefore, leaving thofe laborious Watches, I will fpeak of our Pleafures and Pai’times in watching by Night. In the Months of 7am and yuly, on the Vigils of F efiival Days, and on the fame Fefiival Days in the Evenings,'after the Sun-fetting, there were ufually made Bonfires in the Streets, every Man bei’towing Wood or Labour towards them. The wealthier Sort alfo before their Doors, near to the {aid Bonfires, would fet out Tables on the Vi- gils, furnifhed with Sweet-bread and good, {aid Mayor and Sheriffs of London, that yet Mel/fairer: in the City fiill . Rot. Scot/)3, (in. 10. Ed. I . i 14‘ don/a.- BOnfires and Banqueting in the Streets. Drink ; and on the F ei’tiva‘l Days, with Meat and , Drink plentifully °, whereuntothey would invite their Neighbours and Pafl'engers alfo to fit and be merry with them in great Familiarity, praifing God for his Benefits befl'owed on them. Thefe were called Bonfires, as well of good Amity a~ mongl‘t Neighbours, that, being before at Con- troverfy, were there by the Labour of others re- 4 I conciled, fl ' J 08 Standing Watch at llfiiyitzi.'mer. Midfumrner Watch. reconciled, and made of bitter Enemies loving . ., . 71-. Friends , as alfo tor the Virtue that a great rue hath, to purge the lnfeétion of the Air. On the' "\x'igil of St. john Baptifl, and on St. Peter and Paid the Apoflles, every Man’s Door being {ha- dowcd with green Birch, long Fennel, St. ‘john’s .VVort, Orpin, white Lilies, and inch—like, gar- nifhed upon with beautiful Flowers, had alfo Lamps of Glafs, with Oil burning in them all Gamllhing 0f the Night. Some hung out Branches of Iron cu- Men's Doors and Furnifh: ing them out. A marching Watch. Almoit tooo Lanthorns Light, for the Watch atZlIid- fimziner. More than 240 Conlia- bles in Lon- don, 'the one Half of them each Night went in the marching Watch, the other Half kept their handing Watch in every Street and Lane. The Mayor on the Watch. Sheriffs Watches. riouily wrought, containing Hundreds of Lamps lighted at once, which made a goodly Shew, namely, in new ZiiflJ—flreet, Thames—jtrert, Sec: Belides the ftanding Watches, all 1Ihbl‘lght Harnefs, in every Ward and Street in this City and Suburbs, there was alfo a marching Watch, that pafi‘ed through the principal Streets thereof -, to wit, from the little Conduit by St. Paul’s Gate, through W'cflchenp, by the Starlet, through Cornhz'll, by Leadenhnll to Aldgate; then back down Fenrhnrrh—flreet, by Gmrcchurch, about Gratechnrch Conduit, and up Grnccchurch—flreet into Cornhz'll, and through into [Veylrheap again, and f0 broke up. The whole Way ordered for this marching \Natch extended to three Thou— fand two huhdred Taylor’s Yards of Aflize. For the Furniture whereof with Lights, there were appointed feven hundredLanthorns, five Hundred of them being found by the Companies, the o- ther two Hundred by the Chamber of London. Befides the which Lights, every Conflable in l ondon, in Number more than two Hilndred and forty, had his Lanthorn: the Charge of every Lanthorn was, in Light, two Shillings and four Pence , and every Lanthorn had two Men, one to bear or hold it, another to bear a Bag with Light, and to ferve it -, fo that the poor Men pertaining to the Lanthorns, takingVV ages, belides that every one had a draw Hat, with a Badge'painted, and his Break‘fai’c, amounted in Number tL" almof’c two Thoufand. The marching Watch contained in Number about two ThoUiand Men ', Part of them being old Soldiers of Skill to “be Captains, Lieutenants, Serjeants, Corporals, 6-75. Whifliers, Drummers, and Fifes, Standard and Enfign—bear- ers, Demi—lances on great Horfes, Gunners with hand Guns, or half Hakes, Archers in Coats of white F ui’tian, figned on the Breaft and Back with the Arms of the City, their Bows bent in their. Hands, with Sheafs of Arrows by their Sides ; Pike-men in bright Corflets, Bayonets, €576. Halberds, the like the Billmen in Alnmz'n Ri- vets, and Aprons of Mail in great Number. There were alfo divers Pageants, Morris-dan- cers, Confiables; the one Half, which was one Hundred and twenty, on St. 7ohn’s Eve -, the o- ther Half on St. Peter’s Eve -, in bright Harnefs, fome over gilt, and every one a Jornet of Scar- let thereupon, and a Chain of Gold, his upper Servant or Page of Honour following him, his Mini’crels before him, and his Lanthorn Light pafiing by him ; theWaits of the City, the Mayor’s Ofiicers, for his Guard before him, all in a Li- very of Worf’ted or Sea-jackets, party—coloured; the Mayor himfelf well mounted on Horfeback, the sword—bearer before him in fair Armour, well mounted alfp; the Mayor’s Footmen, and the like Torch-bearers about him -, Pages of Honour two, upon great flirting Horfes following him. The Sheriffs Watches came one after the other in like Order, but net fo large in Number asthe Mayor’s; for, whereas the Mayor had, befides his Giant, three Pageants, each of the Sheriffs had, befides their. Giants, but two. Pageants; each their Morris4dancer, and one Page of Honour, their Officers in Jackets of Worfied, or Sea party-cm loured,difi”ering~ from the Mayor’s, and each from other, but having harnefi‘ed Men a great many, {9%. This .Mz'dfnmmer Watch was thus accultomed yearly, Time out of Mind, until "the Year I 5 39, the grit of Henry the Eighth -, in which Year, on the 8th of May, a great Mufter was made by the Citizens at .Mz'le-End, all in bright Harnefs, with Coats of white Silk or Cloth, and Chains of Gold, in three great Battles, to the Number of fifteen Thoufand, which pafTed through London to Weflmz’nfier, and f0 through the Sanctuary, and round about the Park of St. james, and returned Home through Holhorn. King Henry then, confidering the great Charges of the Citizens, for the Furniture of this unufual Muf’ter, forbad the marching Watch provided for at .Mz'dfnmmer for that Year; which, being once laid down, was not raifed again till the Year I 548, the 2d Of Edward the Sixth, Sir 7ohn Gnu flmm then being Mayor, who caufed the march- ing Watch, both on the Eve of St. yohn Baptifl, and of St. Peter the Apof’tle, to be revived and fet forth, in as comely Order as it had been ac- cuf’tomed; which Watch was alfo beautified by the Number of more than three Hundred Demi-lances and light Horfemen, prepared by the Citizens to be fent into Scotland, for the Refcue of the Town of Haddz'ngton, and others, kept by the Englifl’men fince the Mayor’s Time. ‘ This Watch, affording a great Cavalcade and ifplendid Shew, brought Abundance of all De- grees of People together, and not a few of the lighter Sort, fuch as Rogues, Pick-purfes, mur- rellers, Whore-mongers, and Drunkards; which i was found to have much Inconvenience. There- 3' fore, in the Year 1 569, Sir Thomas Row, Mayor, 2 with the univerfal Confent of the Aldermen, a. greed to lay it afide, for that Year at leai’t ; and, in the Room thereof, to have a fubf’tantial {tand- ing Watch for the Safety and Prefervation of the City; and that chiefly, as was pretended, to pres " vent the Difper’fing of the Plague into the Coun- try, which might happen, if fome of thofe Com- panies, that lhould come out thence, ihould ga-. ther Infeétion in the City, that at this Time was not free of it, and likewife increafe it in the City. And the Armourers, who got Money by thefe marching Watches, thould have no Reafon to complain, fince they had very lately a good Mar- ket, and were well fet on Work by the Mui’ters but a little before performed: The Mayor him- felf, alfo, being at this Time fo weak, that he could not go in his own Perfon, the Recorder ac- quainted the (been and Council with this Refo- - lution 3 but it was ’fignified back that the (amen difliked it, and that it washer Pleafure to have a. going Watch: Whereupon the Mayor fent the Recorder to Sir W’z‘llz’anz Cecil, the Secretary, ear- nef’tly defiring his Interei’t with the Lords, that this Order might, at leait that Year, take Place, upon the weighty Reafons aforefaid. And from henceforth it began to be laid afide.] The like marching Watch of this City hath not: been ufed, though fome Attempts have been made thereunto, as, in the Year ‘1585, a Book was drawn up by a grave Citizen, and byhim de- and his Brethren, the Aldermen, containing the Manner and Order of a marching Watch in the City upon the Eves accui’tomed; in Commen-p dations whereof, namely, in Times of Peace to be ufed, he hath Words to this Effect :» “ The Artificers of fundry Sorts were thereby well fet on Work, none but rich Men charged, poor Men helped, old Soldiers, Trumpeters, Drum~ , mers, Fifes, and Enfign-bearers, with fuch-like , Men, meet for the Prince’s Service, kept in Ure, wherein the Safety and Defence of every Cam- mom-weal confil’teth, Armour and Weapons be~ *ing yearly occupied in this wife, the Citizens hat} . a o Book I. A great Mu- tter at Landon. Md/z'tmmzr Watch re- newed. Endeavour to fuperfede this Watch, £72. 1569. john Monti dicated to Sir Thomas Pullifon, then Lord Mayor, gamer}. Commodities of the Watch at Mid/immer, in the Time of Peace. Chap. XXX. Ifonourahle Afiruof Citiaens. 3-09 of their own readily prepared for any Need; vergrown, with Foulnefs, few or none good being ‘ Whereas, by Intermifiion‘ hereof, Armourers are provided, Ede.” , ' . out of Work, Soldiers out of Ure, Weapons 0— C H A P. XXX. A Rehearfal of rnany-honourahle Adi: of the City and Citizens. The Genero- fity of Citi- zens. '7.S. ROM thefe old Cultoms of the City, we F proceed to a particular Remembrance of fome honourable and worthy old Citizens, who have made themfelves famous to Polterity, not only for their great Riches, but for the liberal E— rogation and Dii’tribution of them, either for the Service of their Prince and Country, or the A— dorning of the City, or the Relief of the Poor, or the Furthering of Religion and Learning] ‘ This City, faith Fitzflephen, is glorious in Manhood, furnilhed with Munitions, populous with Inhabitants, infomuch that, in the trou- blefome Time of King Stephen, it hath lhewed at a Mufler twenty Thoufand armed Horfemen, and fixty Thoufand F ootmen, fervieeable for the Wars. . Moreover, faith he, the Citizens of London wherefoever they be come, are notable, before all other Cities, in Civility of Manners, Attire, Table, and Talk. The Matrons of this City are the very modei’t Sahine Ladies ofIta- ly. The Londoners, fometime called Trinohantes, repelled Cafar, who always made his Paiiage by lhedding Blood; whereupon Luc'an fung, The model! Matrons that have been, and ought to be. “0‘“ h 0 on 5" “BER Territa quafltiy oflendit terga Britannis. ‘ The City of London hath bred fome, which have fubdued many Kingdoms, and. alfo the ‘ Roman Empire. It hath alfo brought forth ma- ‘ ny others, whom Virtue and Valour hath high- ‘ ly advanced, according to Apollo in his Oracle ‘ to Brute, fuh oeeafu Solis, &c. In the Time of ‘ Chriltianity, it brought forth that noble Empe— ‘ ‘ror Con/lantine, which gave the City of Rome, ‘ and all the Imperial Enfigns, to God, St. Peter, ‘ and Pope'SylveyZer, to whom he performed the ‘ Office of a Soldier, chufing rather to be called ‘ a Defender of the Church, than an Emperor. And ‘ left the Peace of the Pope might be violated by ‘ Occafion of his fecular Prefence, he retired from ‘ Worthinefs of Men,Citizens c of London. Conflantz'ne the Emperor born in Lon- don. Rome, and built the City of Bizantium, called, from him, Conflantinople. London, alfo, in la— ter Times, hath brought forth Kings, illui‘tri- ous and noble Perfons, viz. Kings, Maud the Emprefs, King Henry, Son to Henry the Second, and St. Thomas the Archbilhop, the glorious Martyr of Chriii, than whom a more innocent one it never bore, nor by whom. any could be more bound for all the good Things of the whole Latin world’. [Such'Language as this, in the Praife of Thomas Ber/zet, is now long fince out of Date, known to be a Traitor, and not a Saint. 'But it is no Wonder that this ihould fall from the Pen of a devout Monk of 'Canterhury, where, in thofe Days, he was werflaipped, and had a Shrine] _ . ' ,, A Sheriffs This Thomas, furnamed Beehet,'.b'orn in London, Clerk of Lan- brought up in the Priory of 'Marton, and a Stu- ghabiclgfof dent at Paris, became the Sheriffs Clerk of Lon- ' n e don, for a Time, then Parfon of St. Mary—Hill ; England, and . , Archbiihop of he had a Prebend at London, another at Lincoln, The. Bee/let. :7. s. . Carterlmry- fiudiedthe Law at Bononia, &c. was. made Chan- , cellor of England, and Archbiihop ofCanterhury, Honourable Sec. Whereunto may be added innumerable Perfons fiatfi’m‘imf Of Honour, Wifdom, and Virtue, born in Lon- ($6,232,? y do”, and Afiions done by worthy Citizens; where- London. of I will only note a few, ,befi known to the Com- monalty. _ f The Citizens of London, Time out of Mind, 3 founded an Hof ital at St. ames’s in the Fields ' for leprous Worrlien of their7City. , Isiiliriiifin In the Year 1216, the Londoners, fending out a the F‘ieldS- Navy, took ninety—five Ships of Pirates and Sea- Robbers, befides innumerable others that they drowned, which had robbed on the RiverofThames. Now, from the good Aéts of Citizens in general, we come to particular Citizens, and their worthy Deeds. , In the Year 1 197, Walter Brune, a Citizen of Walter Bram; London, and Rofla his Wife, founded the Hofpi— tal of our Lady, called Domus Dei, or St. Mary the Spittle, without Bi/hopfgate, in London -, an Houfe of fuch Relief to the Needy, that there were found fianding, at the Surrender thereof, ninefcore Beds, well furniihed, for'the Reception of poor People. In the Year 1 247, Simon Fitzmary, one of the 3mm Fitza' , Sheriffs of London, founded the Hbfpital of St. Mary- ' Mary, called Beth/em, alfo without Bi/hopyggate. - In the Year 1283, Henry Wallis, then Mayor, Hem? Wal/ia‘; built the Tun upon Cornhill to be a Prifon for Night-walkers -, and a Market-houfe, called The Stocks, both for F iih and F lefh, i’tanding in the Mldfi of the City. He alfo built divers Houfes on the weft and north Side of St. Paul’s Church- yard, the Profits of all which Buildings were to the Maintenance of London-hridge. ' In the Year 1332, William El/ing, Mercer, of WW4»: Eta London, founded El/ing—Spittle, within Cripple— fl”? gate, for Suitentation of an Hundred poor blind Men, and became himfelf the firf’c Prior of that Hofpital. » Sir 701m Poultney, Draper, four Times Mayor, 5;; 7", route; in 1337, built a fair Chapel in St. Paul’s Church, my. wherein he was buried. He founded a College in the Parilh Church of St. Laurence, called \Poult- my. He built the Church called Little Alhallows, in Thames—fired, and the Carmelita Friars Church in Coventry ; he gave Relief to Prifoners in New- gate and the Fleet, and ten Shillings a Year to St. Giles’s Hofpital, by Holhorn, for ever, and o- , ther Legacies, too long to rehearfe. 701m Stody, Vintner, Mayor, 1 3 58, gave to the j'ohn San; Vintners all the Quadrant, wherein the Vintners- ' Hall now fiandeth, with all the Tenements round about, from Stody’s-lane, where are founded thir- teen Alms-houfes, for f0 many poor People, 63:. Henry Picard, Vintner, Mayor, 1357, in the Hem Picard.‘ Year 1363, did, in one Day, fumptuoufly feai’c Edward the Third King of England, _‘7ohn King of France, David King of Scots, the King of Cyprus, then arrived in England; Edward Prince of ,Waler, with many other Noblemen ; and after kept his Hall for all Comers, that were willing to play at Dice and Hazard; In like Manner the Lady Mar- garet, his Wife, kept her Chamber to the fame Intent, Ede. ‘ ' ‘ 701m Loflren, Filhrnonger, four Times Mayor, 5%: Lem - 1367, built an' Hofpital, cal-led Magdalen’s, at ‘ King/ton upon Thames, gave thereunto nine- Te- nements, ten Shops, one Mill, one Hundred and twenty-fivelAcres .of Land,‘ ten Acres of Mea- dow, one Hundred and twenty Acres of Pai’ture, Ede. Moreover, in London, he built the fair Parilh Church of St. Michael in Crooked-lane; and was there buried. f7ohn Barnes, Mayor, 1371, gave a Cheit'with ‘J’o/m Rama three Locks, and a Thoufand Marks therein, {)0 x e 310 film Ploz‘lpot. William W’al- quart/J‘s Va- lour. been related] ‘Nic/oolaJ'Twiford, and fldam Francis, Aldermen, [fonoaraole .4675 of Citizens. be lent "to young ‘Men upon fuflicient Pawn -, and, for the Ule thereof, to fay, De profanelz'r, or Pater nefler, and no more : He alfo was a great Builder . of St. Tbomar the Apofile’s Parifh Church. In the Year 1378, john Pin/pot, fome Time Mayor, hired, with his Money, one Thoufand Soldiers, and defended the Realm from Incurli- onsofthe Enemy; f0 that in aimallTime his hired Men took 701m Mercer, a Sea-ROVer, with all his Ships, which he before had taken from Scarbo- rong/a, and fifteen Spani/la Ships, laden with great Riches. In the Year r 380, Thonzao of l/Vooa'floelc, Thoma: :Porey, Hag/o Cal-verlry, Rodert Knowles, and others, being font with a great Power to aid the Duke of Bretaz'gn, the {aid 70% Ploz'lpot hired Ships for them of his own Charges, and releafed the Ar- mour, which the Soldiers had pawned for their Viétuals, more than a Thoufand in Number. ‘ This mol’t noble Citizen, faith “T/Jornas WaMng- loam, that had travelled for the Commodity ofthe whole Realm, more than all others of his Time, had often relieved the King, by lending him great Sums of Money, deceafed in the Year 1384., af- ter that he had aflilred Lands to the City, for the Relief of thirteen poor People for ever. In the Year 138 I, William W'altoort/y, then Mayor, a molt provident, valiant, and learned Citizen, did, by his Arrel’c of [Va 73147, a pre- fumptuous Rebel, upon whom no Man durlt lay Hands, deliver the King and Kingdom from the Danger of mol’c wicked Traitors, and was, for his Service, knighted in the Field [as before hath Nz'e/oolar Bremoar, 701m Ploz'lpoz‘, Robert Lanna’, , were then, for their Service, likewife knighted, and SirCRooert Knowles, for aliil’cing the Mayor, was l fmade free of the City. Sir Radar! Know/er. joint Charo/J- man. ‘ tain Houfe uponWool—wbarf, in Tower Ward, to 'liOnpicers to fit, €376. Jldam Hammer: ' great Dearth, procured Corn from Parts beyond "in the Guild—ball, two Thoufand Marks, 'to buy ‘ the {aid Corn, and each Alderman laid out 201. 77120. lézou‘leri ’ Brethren, the Aldermen, began to new-build the "Guild-ball in London, and, inl’tead of an old little :and gave to the Grocers his Houfe near unto the: fame, for Relief of the Poorfor ever. Moreover,‘ jw’m Hive/e. H’z‘ll. Ste/e- Z'Gc‘rl’ . Sir Rooert Knowles, thus worthily enfilf chifed a 1 Citizen, founded‘a College, with an r'loi‘pital, at “Pontefrae? : He alfo built the great StOne-bridge at Roebefler, over the River of rl/Iedway. j‘o/yn Cbarelnnan, Grocer’, one of the Sheriff's, I 386, for the (fillet of Merchants, built a cer- ‘ferve Tronage, or Weighing of Wools, and fOr ‘the Cultomer, Comptroller's, Clerks, and other fla’anzBamme, Goldfmith, Mayor, 1391, in a the Seas, to be brought to London in fuch Abun- dance, as fufiiced to ferve the City, and the Coun- try near adjoining : To the Furtherance of which good Work, he took out of the Orphans Cheft, ’to the like Purpofe. . , . Tnomar‘Knowles, Grocer, Mayor, 1400, with'his Cottagein Aldermanoary-flreel, made a fair and: goodly Houfe, more near to St. Lanrenee’s Church in the jewry. He re-edified St. Anthony’s Church, he caufed Water to be geonveyed to the Gates of, Newgate and Ladgaz‘e‘, ‘for Relief of the " Thoma: Falconer, Mercer, Mayor, 1414, lent to King Henry tbef‘z‘fl/o, towards Maintenance of his' Wars in frame, ten Thoufand Marks upon Jew,— els‘. Moreover, he made the Poitern called Moor- gate, caufed the Ditches of the City to be cleaan ed, and did many other Things for the Good of. 'the'fame City. ' ‘ ' Prifoners' ' there. , ' - 2 70/971 Hz'nele, Draper, Mayor, 1405, newly built? ‘his Parilh Church of St. Stair/sin, by London-flone.‘ 71w. Falconer. - ' “ William Sevenoe/z, Grocer, Mayor, Mi 9, found? 1 ed, in the Town of Sevenoek, in Kent, 3. F ree- fchool for poor Men’s Children, and thirteen Alms- houfes: His Tellzament faith twenty poor Men and Women. Book I. Ric/yard W/oz'ttz'ngton, Mercer, three Times May- RirlmrJWeir- or, in the Year 1421, began the Library of the flagran- Grey—Frierr in London, to the Charge of 4001. His Executors, with his Goods, built and found- _ ed Whittington’s College for the Poor, with Alms— houfes for thirteen poor Men, and Divinity Lec— tures to be read there for ever. They repaired St. Bartholomew’s Hofpital in Snn'tlgfield : They bore fome Charges to the Glaling and Paving of the Guild-ball} They bore half the Charges of Building the Library there, and they built the welt Gate of London, of old Time called New- gate, &c. , john Carpenter, Town-Clerk of London, in the Reign of Henry tloe Fifi/a, caufed, with great Ex- pences, to be curioully painted upon Board, about the north Cloil’ter of St. Paul’s, a Monument of Death, leading all Efiates, with the Speeches of Death, and Anfwer of everyState. This Cloifter was pulled down, I 549. He alfo gave Tene- ments to the City, for the Finding and Bringing up of four Men’s Children, with Meat, Drink, Ap- parel, Learning at the Schools, in the Univerfi- ty, fife. until they might be preferred, and then others in their Places for ever. [His Name fiands at the Beginning of the Liner flloar, a Book of great Account in the Records of London. And it feems to have been writ by him.] Rooert Claicnley, Grocer, Mayor, 14.22, ap- pointed, by his Teftament, that, on his Birth— day, a competent Dinner fhould be ordained for two Thoufand four Hundred poor Men, Houfe— holders of this City, and every one to have two Pence in Money. Moreover, he gave one large Plat of Ground, thereupon to build the new Pa- rifh Church of St. Stephen, near unto Walorolre, &c. yam Rainwell, F ifhmonger, Mayor, in the Year 1427, gave Tenements to difcharge certain Wards of London of Fifteens, and Other Pay- ments. ‘ 701m Wells, Grocer, Mayor, 1433, a great Builder of the Chapel or College of the Guild—ball, and was there buried : In the Year 1432, he caufed frefh Water to be conveyed from iljyourn to the Standard in We/iebeap, for the Service of the Cit . Iii the Year 1438, William Eaflfield, Mercer, Mayor, conveyed water to the Conduit in Fleet- flreez‘, to Aldermanoary and to Crzlszlegate; appoint- ing his Executors, of his Goods, to convey fweet Water frompETylarn, and to build a fair Conduit. by Aldermanbury Church, which they performed, as alfo made a Standard in Flea/freer, by Shoe- lane End : They alfo conveyed Water to Cripple- gate, 85¢. . Step/yen Brown, Grocer, Mayor, I439, fent into Prafla, caufing Corn to be brought from thence to London in great Quantity, whereby he brought down the Price of Wheat, from three Shillings the Bulhel, to lefs than Half that Money: [For Corn was then fo fcarce in England, that poor People were enforced to make them Bread of F em Roots] . Philip Malpar, one of the SheriEs, 14.4.0, gave, by his Tef’cament, 12 51. to the Relief of poor Prifoners , and every Year, for five Years, four Hundred Shirts and Smocks, forty Pair of Sheets, and an Hundred and fifty Gowns of F rize to the Poor. To five Hundred poor People in London, eVer one fix Shillings and eight Pence; to poor Maid’s Marriages, an Hundred Marks; to High- ways, an Hundred Marks; twenty Marks the Year to a Graduate to preach; twenty Pounds ; unto Preachers at the Spittle, on the three Eajier Holidays, {9%. Robert 70571 Carper;- fer. Dance of Death, called the Dance of aul’s. 7. 5. R05. Cbitlilej. 7057: Rain- well. .7057: WEI/5. mo. sane/.1. Step. Broom. Penn Mam Chap. “XX X. Robert Large. Edw. Rich. Simon Eyre. Goof Bullein. 70hr: Stoflon. Rich. Rarwfon. Thoma: Ilant. Edw. Shaw. Thoma: Hill. Hugh. Clapton. RobertFabiau. Sir 7. Perci- ‘04]. Rich. Care‘w. Stephen Gen— suing}. Henry Keb/e. Robert Large, Mercer, Mayor, 14.4.0, gave to his Pariih Church of St. Olave, in Surry, 2001. to St. Margaret’s in Lothbury, 2 5 l. to the Poor 201. to London—bridge one Hundred Marks -, towards the Vaulting over the Water-courfe of Walbrolee, two Hundred Marks -, to poor Maids Marriages, one Hundred Marks ; to poor Houiholders, 100 l. {‘36. - Edward Rich, Mercer, one of the Sheriffs, I 44.2, founded Alms-houfe‘slat Hodfdon, in Hertford/hire. Simon Eyre, Draper, ‘Mayor, I 346, built the Leaden—hall, for a common Garner of Com, to the Ufe of this City, and left five Thoufand Marks to be bellowed in charitable Aétions for the Re» lief of the Poor. . Godfrey Bullein, Mayor of London, 1458, by his Teilament, gave liberally to the Prifons, Hofpi- tals, and Lazar--houfes-, belides 10001. to poor Houiholders in London, and 2001. to poor Houfe- holders in Norfolk] [In the Year 14.71, 7ohn Station, Mayor, and eleven Aldermen of London, with the Recorder, were all made Knights in the Field, by Edward the Fourth, for theirgood Service done unto him.] Richard Rawfon, one of the Sheriffs, 14.7 7, gave, by Teilament, large Legacies to the'Prifoners, Hofpitals, and Lazar—houfes : To other Poor, to Highways, to the Water-conduits, befides to poor Maids Marriages, 3401. and his Executors to build a large Houfeinthe Church-yard of St. Mary Spittle, wherein the Mayor, and his Brethren, do ufe to fit, and hear the Sermons in the Eafler Holidays. Thoma: Ilanz, one of the Sheriffs, 14.80, newly built the great Conduit in Cheap, of his own Charges. 6 Edward Shaw,Goldfmith, Mayor, I483, caufed Cripplegate to be new built, of his Goods, 8c. Thomar Hill, Grocer, Mayor, I48 5, caufed, of his Goods, the Conduit of Gracechurth-flreet to be built. . Hugh Clapton, Mercer, during his Life, a Bat- chelor, Mayor, 1492, built the great Stone arch- ed Bridge at Stratford upon Avon, in Warwirk/hire, and did many other Things of great Charity, as in my Summary. Robert Fabian, Alderman, and one of the She- riffs, 1494, gathered out of divers good Authors, as well Latin as French, a large Chronicle of Eng-- land and of France, which» he publiihed in Engli/h, to his great Charges, for the Honour of this Ci- ty, and common Utility of the whole Realm. Sir 7ohn Percival, Merchant Taylor, Mayor, I498, founded a Grammar—School at Macclesfield, in Che/hire, where he was born ; he endowed the fame School with fuflicient Lands, for Finding of a Prieil, Mailer there, to teach freely all Children thither fent, without Exception. The Lady Thomaflne, his Wife, founded the like Free—School, together with fair Lodgings for the School—mailers, Scholars, and others ; and added 20 l. of yearly Revenue, for fupporting the Char- ges, at St. Marywi/te, in Devonfln’re, whereihe was born. Stephen Gennings, Merchant Taylor, Mayor, I 509, founded a fair Grammar-School at Ulfrim— harnpton, in Staflbrd/hire; left good Lands, and alfo built great Part of his Pariih Church, called St. flndrew’s Under/haft in London. Henry Keble, Grocer, Mayor, I 51 I, in his Life, agreat Benefactor to the new Building bf old All- dermary Church, and, by his Teilament, gave a 1000 1. towards the F iniihing thereof: He gave to Highways, 2001. to poor Maids Marriages, one Hundred Marks ; to poor Huibandmen in Oxford/hire and Warwick/hire, one Hundred and forty Ploughihares, and one Hundred and forty Coulters of Iron ; and, in London, to feven Alms- Men, fix Pence a Week for ever. ‘ NUMB. XXVI]. Honourable All: of Citizens. yum Col/ct, a Citizen ofLondon by Birth, and, by Dignity, Dean of St. Paul’s, Doélor of Divia nity, ereéted and built one Free-School in St; Paul’s Church-yard, I 5 I 2, for three Hundred and fifty—three poor Men’s Children, to be taught free- in the fame School, appointing a Mailer, a Surs mailer, and a Chaplain, with iilfl-lcient Stipends to endure for ever ; and committed the Overfight thereof to the Mercers of London, becaufe him~ felt was Son to Henry Collet, Mercer, Mayor of London; and endowed the Mercers with Lands, to theiyearly Value of 1201. or better. , Sir William Fitzwilliam, the elder, being a Mer-' 31: 70h}! Col/er. , Sir William chant Taylor, and Servant fornetime to Cardinal Fitz-William Wolfley, was chofen Alderman of Bread/lreet Ward in London, in Anna 1506. Going afterwards to dwell at Mlton in Northampton/hire, in the Fall of the Cardinal, his former Mailer, he gave him kind Entertainment there at his Houfe in the Country: For which Deed being called before the King, and demanded how he duri’t entertain. f0 great an, Enemy to the State P His Anfwer was, That he had not fo conte'mptuoufly or wilfully done it, but only becaufe he had been his Mailer, and, partly, the Means of his greateil Fortunes. The King was f0 well pleafed with his Anfwer, A jun and that 'faying, himfelf had too few fuch Servants, immediately he knighted him, and afterwards made him a Privy Counfellor. royal Difpoa fition in thé King. This worthy Knight, dying, gaVe 1001. to poor The liberal. Maids Marriages -, his Debts and Debtors, over and bountifu whole Names he had written, flmore Dei remitto, glind “my tzwz‘lliam. he freely forgave; he gave to the Univeriities, His Death. 40 l. to the Poor, 301. to mend the Highways between Chigwell and Caper/all in Eflex, 5o 1. to mend other Highways about Thorney and Sawtry Chapel, and the Bridge, 501. more; and to the Merchant Taylors, his Brethren, he gave his belt {landing Cup, as a friendly Remembrance of him for ever. To mention a few more of this moil noble Knight’s Legacies. He gave to King Henry the Eighth his great Ship, with all her Tackles, (9°C. and his Collar of the Garter, with his belt George befet with Diamonds. He. gave to Sir Thomas Wriothejley, Knight, chief Secretary of State, the bell: of his gilt Cups. To Mabel, Daughter of Sir Anthony Brown, his Brother, for her Advancement in Marriage, 100 l. per Annum, going out of his Manors of Coudray, &c. , , To the Poor within four Miles of his Manor of Guilford, 100 1. He bequeathed his Body to be buried in the Church of .Midhur/t in Suflbx, if he died within an Hundred Miles of it : And willed his Executor ihould build a new Chapel,- joining to the faid Pariih Church, and 2!. Tomb to be erected therea in, for himfelf, and Mabel, his Wife. He died flnno I 542. His Will Was proved on the 16th of February that Year. When he died, he had all thefe Places and Ho- nours : He was Knight of the Order of the Gara ter, Lord Keeper of the King’s Privy Seal, and Chancellor of the Dutchy of Lancet/ten] 7ohn T ate, Brewer, thenaMercer, Mayor, I 514, caufed his Brewhoufe, called the Swan, near ad- joining to the Hofpital of St. dnthony in London, to be taken down, for the Enlarging of the faid Church then new built, being a great Part of his Charge. This was a goodly Foundation, with. Alms—houfes, aFree-School, £36. . George Monox, Draper, Mayor, I 51 5, TC-Cdlfied the decayed Parifh Church of lVa/thamflow in Ef~ fex ; he founded there a Free—School, and AlmSa houfes for thirteen AlmSvPeople; he made alfo a Caufeway of Timber over the Marihes, from Walthamjtow to Lock—bridge, upon the River Ley. Sir 7ohn Adi/born, Draper, Mayor, 1522, built 4 K Aims- Gives that King his great Ship. , 7. 3. 70h»: Tate. George Manon. Sir7. Milborn. 3.” Friars Church in London, there to be placed four— teenpoor People, and left to the Drapers certain VMelfuages, Tenements, and Garden-plats, in the Parifh of St. Olatze in Hart/lreet, for Performance of Stipends to the faid Aims-People, and other Ufes. .* Look more in Aldgate Ward, where you fhall be further fatisfied.. . . Rohert Thorn, ,Merchant Taylor, deceafing a Batchelor, in the" Year 1532, gave, by his Tel’ta— ment, to charitableAé‘tions, more than 4440 l. andLegacies to his poor Kindred, more, 51421. befides his Debts forgiven, 8e. . Sir john Allen, Mercer, Mayor of London, and of Council to King Henry the Eighth, deceafed I544, buried at St. Thomas of Acres, in a fair Chapel by him built. He gave to the City of Lon— don a rich Collar of Gold, to be worn by\ the Mayor, which was firPt worn by Sir PVilliam Lax- ton: He gave five Hundred Marks to be a Stock for Sea-Coal -, his Lands purchafed of the King, the Rent thereof to be diftributed to the Poor in the Wards of London for ever. He gave befides to the Prifons, Hofpitals, La- zar—houfes, and all other Poor in the City, or two Miles without, very liberally, and too long to be recited. , Sir William Laxton, Grocer, Mayor, I 545, founded a fair Free—School at Candle in Northamp- ton/hire, with fix Alms-houfes for the Poor. Sir 7ohn Graham, Mercer, Mayor, I 548, found- ed a F rec—School at Holt, a Market-Town in Nor- folh. He gave to every Ward in London ten Pounds, to be dii’tributed to the Poor -, and to an Hundred and twenty poor Men and Women, every one of them three Yards of broad Cloth, of eight or nine Shillings the Yard, to be made in Gowns, ready to their Backs : He gave alfo to Maids Marriages, and to the Hofpitals in London, above 2001. in ready Money. ' Sir Rowland Hill, Mercer, Mayor, I550, caufed to be made divers Caufeways, both for Horfe and Man. He made four Bridges, two of Stone, con- taining eighteen Arches in them both: He built one notable F rec—School at Drayton, in Shrop/hire : He gave to Chrifl’s Hofpital, in London, 5001. Es’e. Sir Andrew 7nd, Skinner, Mayor, I551, erect- ed one notable F rec—School at Tunhridge, ”in Kent, and Alms-houfes nigh St. Helen’s Church in Lon— don : And left to the Skinners Lands to the Value ofv601. 3 s. 8 d. a Year -, for the which they are bound to pay 201. to the School—mailer, 8 1. to the Uiher, yearly, for ever -, and four Shillings the Week to the fix Aims—People, and 25 s. 4. d. the Year in Coals, for ever. Sir Thomas White, Lord Mayor of this Honour— Sir 7 WM” able City, Anna I 5 54, and a worthy Brother, like- A: M ' Wife, of the Merchant Taylors Society, being a Lover of Learning, and an earneit F urtherer ,Glomg/t‘erHall thereof, firi’t purchafed the Hall in Oxford, cal- ’" oxford" led Gloaeeyter-hall, for Scholars and Students, to receive there the Benefit of Learning. But his private Thoughts very often folliciting him, that he fliould, in Time, meet with a Place where two Elms grew, and that there his further Purpofe fhould take Effeét: At length he found out the Place, where, at his own Cof’t and Expence, he The Building founded the famous College, called St. 7ohn Ban- ‘2; 5‘1 7 ”1’” tifl Colleoe, and where thefe two Elms, as I have afar/fl Col- 0 . . . . {age a, O,“ heard, are yet handing, endowmg it With fuch ford. liberal Gifts, Lands, and Revenues, as would re- quire too much Time here to be remembered, or fet down. Befide his Provifion for Learning in this wor- Rohert Thorn. Sir :7. Allen. Sir. W. lax. :0”. Sir yon, Gre- flam. Sir Rowland Hill. Sir Andrew 7nd. The famous Memory of OtherSchcols b him built - . aid main- thy Place, he ereéted other Schools, as at Brzflol, flirted. Reading, and a College at Higharn Ii'errerr. More- is great over, he gave to the City of Briflol the Sum Of Bountyto the ' it), of 2000 l. to purchafc Lands, amounting to the Brlflol. . Worthy A675 of Citizens. ' Alms—houfes, fourteen in Number, by the Cratehed . . Book I. yearly Value of an 1201. the Mayor and Citizens paying therefore yearly an 1001. 8001. mull: be lent to fixteen poor Clothiers, 501. each Man, for the Spaceof ten Years, fuflicient Security be— ing given by them for the fame : Afterwards, that 800 l. was to pafs to other fixteen poor Clothiers, according to the Difcretion of them put in Truft. 200 1. befides was referved for Provifion of Com, Provifion of and needful Occafions for the Peor, in the Or- Com ford“ der and Care of the Mayor, Aldermen, and Citi- 00L zens, Ede. Then, according to his Will, which remain- His Orderout eth yet to be feen, out of his bountiful Gift to 0“?“ Gift ‘0 Brzjtol, thefe memorable Branches and Benevo- r1 0 ‘ lences were, by himfelf, devifed, and thus or- dered; beginning in the Year I 577, and f0 thence forward, they went on according to his own Di- reétion. Then, on the F eafi: of St. Bartholomew, was An Hundred brought to the Merchant Taylors-Hall an 1041. and {01" the 1001. to be lent, for ten Years Space, to four 5:31:13 . . g tto poor young Men in the City of York, F reemen Marc/mmfaj. and Inhabitants, being Clothiers; and the 41. lm Hall a1- Overplus, to be employed about the Charges ‘33?“ “13“” and Pains, that no Man, ufed in the Bufinefs, 32;,”er might receive Difcontentment. ‘ Then, in 1578, the like Sum was to be deli- vered thence to Canterhznfy -, and fo, thence for- ward, the fame Sum, yearly, to the Cities and Towns following, orderly, rviz. To I 579, Reading. 1 580, The Merchant Taylors themfelves. 3,2321%? 0‘ I 58 I , Gloneefler. Lending. I582, Woroejler. I 58 3, Exeter. 1584, Sali/hury. I585, Wefl-Chefler. - 1586, Norwich. I 587, Southampton. 1588, Lincoln. I 589, Mnehefler. 1590, Oxford. I591, Hereford Eel/l. I 592, Camhridge. I 59 3, Shrew/lair}. 1594, Lyr- I59 5, Bath. I 596, Derhy. 1597, hfwicle. I598, Cole/oefler. 1 , Neweaflle.. The Sum of 1041. pai'fing thus yearly to the TheHundred forenamed Places, is delivered {till at the Mer- and four chant Taylors-Hall, and to the good intended Ufes PomlldsdaiF of the Giver. And that there might be no Breath- lzfédyatii; ing—while for f0 juf’c a Steward’s Talent, but to Mmtmflay. have it [till kept in continual Employment for1m~:-Ha/1. the Poor, the fame Order was appointed to take Pamng {511 in Beginning again, as before, at the City of York, Order from and fo fucceflively, While the World endureth, to 3““: t° the Towns before named, in the felf—fame Courfe ace‘ as it had its Original; with great Care and Ob- fervance in them to whom it belongeth, that the Dead may not be abufed, nor poor Men’s Right injured. . But did he thus {hut up his P’urfe, and fay to His liberal himfelf, Ihave given fuchient P No, he did cafi; Bounty to the his pitying Eye next on the City of Coventry, di— 5C“); “gage- fireffed, at that Time, in a great and grievous Man- if: 3;; in ‘ her. What his ini’tant Benevolence was, he took gféatpifirefi; it to be but as an Hour’s Sunihine, after awhole Day of Storm and 'I‘empeft; although it might yield fome Comfort, were the Sealon never to ihort. But, to eftablifh a Certainty, that no Dill may or Doubt fhould ever after be able to re- move, even as a worthy Pyramid ereéted to Per- petuity, he gave to the City of Coventry 1400 l. therewith to purchafe Lands, tiling to the annual Value of 701. 3‘ Twyelve Chap. XXX. Twelve aged pot, Inhabitants of that City were to have, in free Alms, 24.1. each Man 40 3. year- ly, on the eleventh Day of March, or within fix Four poor Days after. Four poor young Men alfo were to young Men have 40 l. lent them, in free Loan, 10.1. to each 232:“ fame Man, and for nine Years Space, upon fuflicient y. Security given : And their Turns being thus ferv- ed, then four other poor young Men were to have the fame Sums, and for like Limitation; and fo from nine'Years to nine Years, for ever. Afterwards it was ordered, in free Loan, to two poor Men of the fame City -, and, laltly, to one : In which Nature, 4 according to the feveral Limitations, it doth yet, and, doubtlefs, {hall for ever continue. Alfo, the fame Sum was appointed to one young Man in Northampton, for nine Years, in free Loan : Next, to one in the City of Leicryter: Thirdly, to one in Nottingham : Fourthly, to one in Warwick, and for the like Time: Then, re- turning again to Coventry for one Year, it repaf- feth to the faid Towns again, each after other, in like Nature, for ever. And, left his worthy Intent lhould fail in the Continuance, he enlarged his firft Gift to Coven— try, from 14001. to 20001. and 601. to be em- ployed as hath been remembered; 401.. being yearly paid out of it to St. 7ohn Bapti/t College in Oxford; and Allowances alfo by himfelf gi— ven in each Place, that Bon'ds fhould be made, without any Charge to the Receiver.] Edward Hall, Gent. of Gray’s-Inn, a Citizen by Birth and Office, as Common~Serjeant ofLon- 'don, and one of the Judges in the Sheriffs Court: He wrote and publifhed a famous and eloquent Chronicle, intitled, T he Uniting of the Moo nohle Families, Lancaflter and York. Richard Hills, Merchant Taylor, 1560, gave 5001. towards the Purchafe of an Houfe, called the Manor of the Rafe, wherein the Merchant Tay- lors founded their Free-School in London. He alfo gave to the faid Merchant Taylors one Plot of Ground, with certain fmall Cottages on Tower- hill, where he built fair Aims—houfes for fourteen fole Women. About the fame Time, William Lamhert, Efq; free of the Worfhipful Company of Drapers, born in London, a Juf‘tice of the Peace in Kent, found- ed a College for the Poor, which he named of Qieen Elifaheth, in Ea/t Greenwich. Sir William Harper, Merchant Taylor, Mayor, I 562, founded a F tee-School in the Town of Bed- ford, where he was born, and alfo buried. Sir Thomas Grdham, Mercer, 1566, built the {tately Exchange Royal in London ; and, by his Tefl'ament, left his Dwelling-Houfe in Bi/hopf— gate-flreet, to be a College of Readings, as in my Summary, allowing large Stipends to the Readers, and certain Alms—houfes for the Poor. William Patten, Gentleman, a Citizen by Birth, and Cui’tomer of London Outward, Juf‘tice of the Peace in Mddlefiex, the Parifh Church of Stohen- Wenton being ruinous, he repaired, or rather new built it. _Sir 7’. Ram’s Sir Thomas Rowe, Knight, Lord Mayor of the wofth)’ Libe- City of London in I 568, a worthy Brother, alfo, "11")“ of the Merchant Taylors Company; belides his charitable Cof‘t and Charges in Building the new Church-yard in Bethlem, containing near one A- cre of Ground, and inclofed with a Wall of Brick ; and' a Sermon to be preached every Whit-Sunday . in the Morning, in Prefence of the Lord Mayor and Aldermen ; as alfo giving 100 l. to be lent to eight poor Men ~, gave to the Merchant Tay- lors Lands, or, T enements, out of them to be gi— Twelve poor aged Inhabi- tants of Co- rvermy yearly. Northampton. Leicefler. Nottingham. W'ar‘wich. Edward Hall. Richard Hills. IV. Lamhert. Sir V7. Har- fer. Sir T. Gre- flour. 1/7. Patten. Ten poor ven 401. yearly, to maintain ten poor Men for M9,“ ‘0, bi ever, fuch as were not Brethren of his own So- ”! . . {0:12:36 Ciety, but chofen out of five feveral Companies, viz. Clothworkers, Armourers, Carpenters, Ty- max, zany of Citizens.“ 313 lers, and Plaif’terers‘; as confidering that, b‘ Clothe over-toiling'Labour, Dangers, Falls, Bruifes, and Worker“ ' .fucih-‘like Inconveniences,”they were foonefl: like érmourers" to; become impOte‘nt,‘ and unable to help or main: Tiigresmm. tam themfelves. Therefore, to each of thefe ten Plaifiefifls- Men, he freely gave'the'Sum of 41. quarterly to I be paid them at the Merchant Taylors-Hall, during their Lives. And then to fucceed to other Men in the fame Companies, according to the due Confideration of jufl: ‘Caufe, and molt Necefiity. About the Year I 570,"Margaret Dan, Widow Margaret to Dan, late one of the Sheriffs of London, gave, D4”- by her laf’t Tel’tament, more than 2000 l. to charFirfl Edit" ritable Aéts. ‘ And, about the Year 1 , ‘Dame Mar Ram- ar flay, Wife to Sir Thomas Ring/e35 being feized of Edgy-M y Lands in F ee-Simple of her Inheritance, to the Fir“ Edi“ yearly Value of 243 l. by hisConfent, gave the lame to Chri/t’s Hofpital, towards the Relief of the poor Children there; as othe-rwife in my Sum- mary and Ahridgment I have exprelfed, and as ap- peareth by Monuments ereéted in Chrifl’s Hofpi- tal : Which Gift {he afterwards, in her Widow~ hood, confirmed, and greatly augmented. , flmhrofle Nicholas, Salter, Mayor, *1 576, found- Ambrofi N'z'a ed twelve Alms-houfes in Monkfwéll—flreet, near 6/9015“. unto Cripplegate, wherein“ he placed twelVe poor People, having each of them 7 d. the Week, and once every Year five Sacks of Coals, and one (liar- ter of a Hundred F aggots; all of his Gift for ever. , _ William Lamhe, Efq; fometime a Ge tlem‘an of W, Lamhe, the Chapel to King Henry the Eighth, and in great Citizen and Favour with him, was alfo a free Brother of the CF???“ Worfhipful Company of Clothworkers, and a. o a” 07" kind loving Citizen to the City of London. He built a Conduit at Holhorn Crofs, to his ' Charge of 15001. and did many other Charitable Aéts, as in my Summary, viz. Out of his Love to Learning and Scholars, in Afree Gram. the Town of Sutton-Valenr in Kent, where he Was marSCth born, at his own proper Colt and Charges, he §“’;:.”'f “1”“ ereéted a Free Grammar—School, for the Educa- m m ' tion and Infiruétion of Youth'in the Fear of God, good Manners, Knowledge, and Underl’tanding, allowing yearly to the Mailer 201. and 101. yearly to the Ufher, for their yearly Stipends or perpetual Penfions. ' In the fame Town of Sutton alfo, for the Re- Almsihoufeg lief of poor People, he caufed to be built fix atSuttM for Alms-houfes, having an Orchard and Gardens, the Pm" and the Sum of 10 1. yearly paid them. At Maidflone likewife, in Kent, he hath given Free—School 101. yearly to the F ree-School for ever, with this at Maid/30”“ fpecial Caution, That needy Men’s Children may a be preferred only to the Enjoying of this Benefit. This Gentleman, forefeeing, in his Life-time, His Relief to the Decay of fundry Trades and Occupations, to POPr 910-. the utter Undoing of very many, efpecially poor th‘mPi" d: Clothiers, whofe Impoverifhing deferved greatly vm ace ‘ to be pitied, freely gave to the poor Clothiers in Sufiol/r, in Bridgnorth, and in Ludlow in Shrop- /hire, 300 1. to be paid by even Portions : To each feveral Town of the faid Counties, 1001. a-piece, for their Supportation and Maintenance at their Work or Occupation. , \ ‘ And, as his Charity extended itfelf thus liberal- His Building ly Abroad. in the Country, f0 did the City of 05d“? 9°“ London, likewife, tal’te thereof not fparingly ; for 2:112:32” :1" d near unto Holhorn he founded a fair Conduit, and the stagdard a Standard with a Cock, at Holhorn—hridge, to at Holhorn- ' convey thence the Waf’te. Thefe were begun the “Mg"- 26th Day of March, I 577, and the Water carried along in Pipes of Lead, more than two Thoufand Yards, all at his own Coil? and Charges, amount— ing to the Sum 15001. andthe W'ork fully finilh- ed the 24th of flugufl, in the fame Year. , Moreover, he gave to poor Women, fuch as Pom-Women were willing to take Pains, one Hundred and bgm’bfiteiby twentyt e on “it. 314 twenty Pails, therewith to carry and ferve Water. Being a Member, as I have already faid, of the His Gift to Clothworkers Company, and to fhew that he was the WOffhip- not unmindful of them, he gave them his Dwel‘ {“1 Company ling—houfe in London, with other Lands and Te- of Cloth- worke,,_ nements, to the Value of 30 l. yearly, befides 41. more alfo yearly, by them to be thus bellowed -, to wit, for the Hiring of a Minifier to read Di— vine Service thrice every Week, as Sunday, Wed- ntfday, and Friday, throughout the Year, in the Chapel or Church belonging to his Houfe, called by the Name ofSt. 7am: in the Wall, by Cripple— Allowance gate; and for four Sermons there to be preached, for?“ year‘ a competent Allowance for each. And, alfo out .y ermons' of the 301. yearly, it is provided, That a Deduc— tion be made by the faid Clothworkers, for Ap-‘ parelling of twelve Men, and as many Women, in Form, as followeth : EverypOor To every of the twelve Men a Frize Gown, Man and one Lockram Shirt, and a good f’crong Pair of - P°°rw°mam Winter Shoes. gfiflfi’gd ,_ To the twelve Womenlikewife, a F rize Gown, Gown, and a a Lockram Smock, and a good Pair of Winter PairofShoes, Shoes, all ready made for their Wearing. 5”“ Always remembered, that they be Perfons both poor and ~hone1’c, to whom this charitable Deed is to be extended : And this is yearly done on the 111 of Ofloher. St.Gi/t.cwith- To the Parifh Church of St. Giles without Crip- Om ”We?- plegate, he gave 151. to the Bells and Chimes ; gm' intending a further Liberality thereto, if they had 4 taken due Time. His Gifi to To the Worfhipful Cempany of Stationers, he the Company gave a Legacy of 6 l. 13 s. 4. d. for perpetual 0‘ Smmnm- Reliefof the Poor, in the Parilh Church of St. 'Faz'th, under St. Paul’s; namely, to twelve poor People, 12 d. in Money, and 12 d. in Bread, e- very Friday throughout the Year. His Gift to To Chrifl’s Hofpital in London, towards the Clarifl’s Hof- Bringingup of poor Men’s Children, he hath given Pital- ' 6 l. yearly, for ever, and 1001. in ready Money together, therewith to purchafe Lands, that their Relief, by the Revenues of the fame, may be per- petual. ‘ His Giftto To St. Thomas’s Spital, or Hofpital, in South- St. Thomar's wark, towards the Succour of the Sick and Dif- HOfPitaL eafed, he gave 41. yearly, for ever. His Intent to An 1001. he intended to the Hofpital called the the SWZV- Savoy; but, by Reafon that fuch Agreements could not be made as he thought convenient, his Con- tributions that Way, much againi‘t his Mind, went not forward. HisRelief For the Relief of poor Prifoners in the two for poor Pri- Compters, Newgate, Ludgate, the .Mar/halfea, the me”- King’s Bench, and the White-Lion, he dealt very bountifully and difcreetly, giving unto the two Compters 61. a-piece, and to be paid unto them by 20 5. each Month; to the other Prifons, afore- mentioned, fix Mattreffes a-piece ; the whole Number being two Dozen and an Half. Marriage He was not unmindful of poor Maids Mar— Money for riages, but gave 201. Pounds to be equally di- poor Maids. vided among forty, by equal Portions of 10 s. a- piece: Yet with this Provifo, that thofe poor Maids to be married fliould be of good Name and Fame. ' His Love and His Love and Bounty to his Servants, as alfo Liberality to the Hundred and eight Frize Gowns ready made, his SGYVBD‘S- which he bequeathed at his Funeral to poor Men and Women, with difperfmg the Remnant of all his Goods after his Burial, where Need and Rea- fon required, I am contented to pafs over, refer- ring what Chi: is further to be {aid of him, till I come to fpeak of the Place where he lieth buried. Sir 7'. Ofiq Sir Thoma: Ofiley, Merchant Taylor, Mayor, bequeathed "deceafed I 580, appointed, by his Teitament, the 30”,)? ‘° ‘he one Half of his Goods, and 2001. dedué‘ted out of the other Half, given to his Son Henry, to be ,given and bellowed in Deeds of Charity, by his 3: ’ Honourahle A5: of Citizens. ' vants, 63 l. Book I. Executors, according to his Confidence and Trail: in them. In the Year 1582, 70hn Haydon, Alderman, gave large Legacies, and more than 30001. for Relief to the Poor, as in my Summary. Bernard Randalph, Common Serjeant of Lon- B. Rm, 4,1,11,5- don, 158 3. This Man, in his Lifetime, fome— CommonSer- what before his Death, gave and delivered, with 36am ()5 Loo- his own Hand, to the Company of. F ifhmongers {3132:1er tl‘b?‘ in London, the Sum of 900 [and 61.] of good and FM Edg- ’ lawful Money of England: To be employed to- wards the Conduéting of Thames Water, Cifl‘ern- For Convey- ing the fame in Lead, and Caf’tling it with ing of mm” Stone, in the Parilhes of St. Mary Magdalen and Water: St. Nieholas Cold—Ahhey, near unto Old Fz'jhjlreet, 7001. the other 2001. to pay for ever, yearly, the Sum of 10 1. to wit, towards the Maintenance of a poor Scholar in the Univerfity of Oxford, Forapom- yearly, 4. 1. towards mending the Highways in Scholar: the Parilh of ‘fifihmfl, in the County of Saflhx, For mending where the {aid Bernardwas born, every Year, 41. Highways = and to the poor People of the Parifhes of St. Ni- For the poo, cholas Ola-ve in Bread—flreet, and St Mary Magda— in divers Pa- len, near to Old Fifhjlreet, 40 s. to wit,’ 20 5. Times- to either Parifh, for ever. . Moreover, he willed and bequeathed, to be be- fiowed in Land or Annuities, for Relief of the Poor inhabiting in the Wards of Qaeen-Hz'the and Cajlle-Baynard, in the City of London, and in the forenamed Parilh of Tifehar/l, in the County of Saflex, the Sum of 10001. Bat, lhat Money heing left in holaVa/l Hands, I have not heard how it was he/lowed. Stow’s Firft Edit. Mr. Thomas Ridge, Grocer, gave 1 163 l. 6 3. Mr, 9’, Rag“ 8 d. to godly and charitable Ufes, in FC’im fol- lowing : To the Company of Grocers, for the Benefit Benefit of of young Men free of the fame Society, and to be young Begins lent unto them for a certain Time, 100 l. ne's' To the Hofpitals in and about London, 100 1. For the Relief of poor Preachers, 400 1. For the Love to Reli- Help of poor and decayed Tradefmen in and a- gion- bout London, 3001. To a Leé’cure in Grace—Church Care OffPOOl‘ in London, 1001. To his Men and Maid Ser- Trade men“ In Gowns for poor Men, 1001. Mr. yohn Haydon, Mercer, Alderman, and one Mr. 7.1714 - of the Sheriffs of London, deceafing in the Time 40735 boilmi' of his Shrievalty, 1583, gave thefe Chriflzian and fulChamy‘ liberal Gifts following : An Hundred Gowns which cof’t 1001. given To the PoorI to an Hundred poor Men, and every Man 12 d. in Gowns = in Money befides. For the Benefit of young Beginners in the Benefit of World he gave, to his own Company of the Mer- Ymmg Begin- cers, 6001. to be lent to young Men, after the “m' Allowance of 31. 6 s. 8 d. in the 1001. and the ’ 201. yearly arifing by that Money, yearly to be ‘ given to the Poor. To the fame Company alfo he gave 4001. more, to be likewife lent out, according to the former Rate, and the Benefit enfuing thereby, of 3 l. 6 s. 8 d. yearly, allowed towards the maintaining of Love to Reli- a Leéture at St. .Mz‘chael’s Church by Pater-nofler gion- Row, called St. Michael’s in the EZnern. He gave to Chrifl’s Hofpital 5001. He gave to the eleven chief Worfhipful- Com~ panics, belides his own, the Sum of 1 1001. to be lent out, for Time, to young Beginners, at 31. 6 s. 8 d. in the 100 l. and the Benefit of 201. ari- fing thereby yearly to go to the Hofpitals, and 16 l. befides, to the Poor yearly. He gave to the City of Exeler 1001. F111! Edit. Care for young Begin- ners. and the Poor. . To fevefial To the City of Brfllol 1001. Cities, tor {To the City of Glance/fer 1001. the Benefit of This Money is intended to be lent to poor young young Begin' Beginners in 'I‘rading, at the Rate of Benefit, by poor pm, the Money, ofg l. 6 s. 8 d. in the 1001. and that here. Benefit {hould go to the Relief of poor Prilbners, and other poor People. H 1: nets. and ther XXX. He gave to the Town of Wardbnry, in the County of Gloucdler, 61. 133. 4d. Chap. Remem— He gave to his Company of Mercers, to make b‘rance of his them a Cup, 4.0 l. , :g’dmffafii’ He gave to his Servants, among them all, 2401. servants, What remained out of his Moiety, as an Over- plus, he gave to the before remembered Compa- nies, viz. 501. to each of them, and to the Ufes forenamed. Mal’ter Ricbard Walter, Girdler, 22001. to the four Hofpitals of London, and 5001. towards Build— ing and: Maintaining a Free-School at Tbiryden in Northampton/bin. PVillz’arn Norton, Stationer, fometime Treafurer of Cbri/l’s Hofpital, gave the Sum of 6 l. 13 s. 4 d. yearly, to his Company, to be lent to young Men, free of the fame Society -, and 6 1. I 3 5. 4d. yearly, for ever, he gave alfo unto Cbri/l’s Hof— ital. Tbornas ?enning5, F ilhmonger, to feven Parilhes Riv/J. ”Qt/fer. l/V. ‘ Varton‘s Benevolence. ‘T. yennings’s Love to in London, gave 41. I 3 s. 2 d. yearly. ‘1‘“ P°°“ To Cbri/t’s Hofpital he gave 40 s. yearly. To the Town of Brougbin in Hertforafbire, where he was born, he gave 61. 13 5. 4d. Peter Blmz- Mr. Peter Blundell, Clothier of London, a Man {91’s "‘0“ very godly and chrifiianly difpofed all his Life- :Ebeial Cha‘ time, dying in the Year I 599, gave, by his lal’t t)’ a . . - . Will and Teltament, thefe bountiful Gifts fol- lowing : To Hofpitals He gave to Cbrifl’s Hofpital, in London, 5001. in and abou‘ To St. Bartbolomew’s Hofpital, 2501. Law” ‘ To St. ET/oomas’s Hofpital, 2501. To Bridewell Hofpital, yearly, 8 1. To the Church of Tioerton, in which Town he was born, 501. Towards mending the Highways there, 100 I. To the twelve chief Companies in London, to For the Re- each of them 1 50 1. towards the Relieving of poor lief of P0or Prifoners, and other charitable Ufes; the whole Pnfmm' Sum amounting to I 800 1. _ To poor Towards the Help of poor Maids Marriages Maids M31" in the Town of Tiverton, 400 l. fligmp Poor He gave .to the City of Exeter, to be lent there Artifice”, to poor Artificers, 900 1. To a Free- He gave, towards the Building of a Free Gram- {3:32:12 and mar-School in Tiverton, 24001. memo be- Moreover, afterwards laid out by his hxecutors, longing. I 000 1. To the Schoolmafter, yearly, 501. . To the Ulher, yearly, I 3 l. 6 s. 8 d. To the Clerk, yearly, 40 s. . Pot Appren- To place four Boys Apprentices in Hulbandry, “665- yearly, 201. His Love to For the Maintenance of fix Scholars, yearly, Egg? and three in Oxford, and the other three in Cambridge, 20001. Rob. egg/wt, a Robert Comin, alias Cloileot, Servant, fometime, worthy Ser- to the faid Peter Blundell, imitated the worthy ‘33:,th Steps of his Mafter, f0 far as Power permitted £13m”. him Leave, giving as enfueth : He gave to Cbrzjl’s Hofpital, in London, a Hun- dred Pounds. To poor Prifoners, ,whofe Debts did not amount to above five Pounds, 1001. Relief of poor Prifoners. 'HisL’oveto Towards the Building of an ordinary Free— Leammg School, that Children might be made apt and and the Poor. ready for his Malter’s free Grammar-School in Tiverton, where he himfelf alfo was born, 4001. Towards the Maintaining of the faid leffer School, and for Relief of certain poor People, yearly, 901. To the Schoolmal’tcr, yearly, 201. To the Clerk, yearly, 3 1. For Reparations, yearly, 43. For fifteen poor Men’s Gowns, and each of them 2 s. in Money, yearly, 161. 10 s. For fifteen poor Artificers, 151. To as many poor People, weekly, 6 d. to each. Towards Repairing the Church, 19 1. 105. - To the School, and the attending Officers. For the Poor. Repairing the Church. Honottrab/e 11/67: of Citizens. . ‘ . . IS" .9 To mend the Highways there, 1‘61.- To other Ufes, 41. _ 701m Holmes, Draper, gave to the Parilh of St. 170/9» H0101”: Sepnle/ore’s, Anno I 588, his Dwelling-houfe in the fame Parifh, yielding yearly 321. Tboma: Atkinfon, Baker, gave alfo to the fame 7‘. Alloy” . Parilh 101. yearly. Mr. Tbomas Care, Sadler, and Squire Sadler to ‘1'. Care’s QJCCH Eli/abetb, as his Son alfo was after him, HOfPl‘al 1“ did build an Hofpital in Sontbwarle, having fome‘ Sour/mark. Help afi‘orded him by the Parilh of St. Saviour : But the main and chief Charge was his own pro+ per Colt. The Houfe was for eighteen poor Peo- ple, each of them having two Chambers, and Allowanceof 41. IO 5., to each Perfon yearly. The Building of the Hofpital colt above three hundred Pounds. Mr. George szbop, Stationer, gave 61. yearly to Geo, Bi/bop"! his Company ; and hath allowed 101. yearly, for 233““?Mbl“ ever, towards maintaining Preachers at St. Paul’s ham" Crofi. He gave likewife 61. yearly to Cbrzjl’s Hofpital. Mr. 7obn Norton, Stationer, gave to his own 70/”; Norton Company the Sum of 10001. to purchafe Lands mindful of amounting to the Value of 501. yearly ; and 211611111033? fome Part to be lent to poor young Men. Pan)“ He gave alfo I 501. to the Parifh of St. Faitb’s, under St. Paul’s; to purchafe 71. 10 s. yearly for ever, to be given to the Poor. ' Mr. Henry Fi/laer, F ifhmonger, gave to his H. Fifler’s Company 91. yearly, to maintain a Scholar in Loveto the College of Brazen—nofl: in Oxford -, with the’Leammg- Allowance of 91. and 2 s. yearly, for two Ser.‘ mons. Mr. Tbomas Alderfizy, Haberdafher, out of an 7'. Alderfj’s, Appropriation which he had at Bunbery in Cbes LP“: will: jbire, gave the Allowance of two hundred Marks 52);,“ yearly ; one hundred Marks whereof Was for the Maintenance of a Preacher. . He gave to the Minifier 201. He gave to a School 301. He gave to the Poor 101. 1 Mr. Robert Oflley, Haberdafher: To the May» R. Ofl‘ey'sli- or and Commonalty of , Cbe/ter gave 6001.. to be beralcnamfi lent there to young Traders. For Relief of the Poor, and Men in Prifons, befides other charitable Ufes, 2001. Moreover, he gave 2001. to pay 101. yearly to Renerror two the Poor of the Company. poor Scholars Moreover, he gave 2001. that ten Pounds might Yearly ' be yearly given to either of the Univerfities to- ' wards the Maintaining of two Scholars there, one in each. He gave to Betblem too 1. He gave to the other Hofpitals, to Prifons, and to the Poor, 160 1. Mr. Tbomas Fi/ber, Skinner, gave 45 1. year; ‘T. may, 1y; out of which, 201. was~to be yearly allowed Love to for a F tee-School at Standon, in the County of ifgrglenfgéa Hartford 4 of the P201. To buy Paper, Books, Pens, and Ink, yearly, for the Scholars, 51. To Clorifl’s Hofpital, yearly, 101. For the Redemption of Prifoners in either of the Compters, and Lndgate, lying there for three Pounds Debt, 201. Mr. Florence Caldwell, Haberdalher, to diVers Florence‘Ca/d. poor Parilhes in London gave 20 1. yearly. “five/1'5 Cha‘ Divers well—difpofed Citizens of London, defia {little Love of rous not to be named, being born in or. near to divers cm. fl/loborn in the Pea/e, in the County of Derby, aenstoLearn-v combining their loving Benevolence together, mg- have built there a fair School—houfe, with con: venient Lodgings for a Mailer and Uiher, and liberal Maintenance yearly allowed thereto. M r. Robert Rogers, Leatherfeller,uand a Batches lor, like a melt liberal and bountiful Benefaélzor, gave thefe Gifts following : - The ChrifiiaraK and charita- ‘ ble Works of R. Regen. To the Prifons in and about London, 12 1. 4L T0 316 To the Poor of two feveral Towns in the Well Country, 131. 6 s. 8 d. f To the Poor of the Town of Poole, where he was born, 10 1. For the Building of Almfhoufes there, 3 33 l. AfpecialNote For the ‘Relief of poor Prifoners, fuch as were “Ta §°dIY neither Atheilts nor Papifts, and might be deh- 501“? ° 1' vered, each Man at the Sum of twenty Nobles, 1 50 l. . Care of Rafi- For the Benefit of poor Preachers, allowrng to gion- each Man ten Pounds, 100 1. For the Comfort of poor decayed Artificers, being charged with Wife and Children, and of known honefi: Reputation, 100 1. His Care for He gave to the Company of M erchant-Adven- P00r decayed turers, fOr the Relief of poor decayed People, ”Brethren' and toward theSupport of young F reemen, 4001. He gave to Clori/t’s Hofpital, to purchafe Lands for the Relief of the Houfe, 5001'. His provident For the Erection of certain Almfhoufes in and Careforfhe about London, and alfo for the Maintenance of if?" d1?” twelve poor People, 6001. Parjfifcgfl To the Parifh wherein he dwelt, IO 1. That two Dozen of Bread may every Sunday, through the Year, for ever, be given to the Poor, 100 1. He gave to Cbri/t—Cbareb Parifh 15 1. For Relief of the Poor in fundry Parifhes with- out the Walls -, as, Newgate, Crz'pplegate, Bi/bopf- gate, and the Parifh of St. George in Soatbwarlc gun- to every one of them he gave twenty—fix Pounds, thirteen Shillings, and four Pence. . Moreover, he gave to St. George’s Parifh 1n Sontbwar/e, St. Sepulebre’s, St. Olave’s beyond the Bridge, St. Giler’s without Crz'pplegate, and St. Leonard’s in Sborediteb, to buy Coals for the Poor in each Pariih, 301. a-piece. He gave befide to either Parifh of St. Botolpb, without Aldgate and Bl/bopfgate, 20 l. _ For the Maintaining of four Scholars, two 1n Oxford, and two in Cambridge, Students in Di- vinity, 4001. Of which the Company of Lea- therlellers have great Refpeét, and not only fee it diligently performed, but alfo have added their Bounty thereto. 701m Fuller‘s . felon Fuller, Efq; and one of the Judges in the AlmS—houfes Sheriffs Court in London, by his lafl: Will and and Chant)“ Tefiament, bearing Date the 10th of 7am, I 592, appointed his W ife, her Heirs and Afligns, to 4* Stereo- erect certain Almfhoufes in the Parifla of * Sto- leenbeatb, for twelve poor aged fingle Men, be- ing aged fifty Years, or upwards. Forpoor aged He appointed alfo the like Alms—houfes to be WidOWS- built in the Parilh of St. Leonard in Sboredz'teb, for twelve poor Widow Women of the like Age : And ihe to endow them with the yearly Mainte: nance of One hundred Pounds; namely, to each fifty Pounds by the Year for ever. And that Mo- ney to be deduéted out of his Lands in Lincoln- ]bz're; alluring over the fame to certain FeoEees in Truft, by a Deed of Feofl‘ment. Moreover, he gave His Mefiilages, Lands, and Tenements, lying and being in the feveral,Pa-‘ rifhes of St.Bennet, and St.Peter, by Paul’s Wharf, to F eofi'ees, in Trult yearly for ever; to difburfe all the Ifl'ues and Profits of the [aid Lands and Tenements, to the Relieving and Difcharging of Feofl‘ees put in Trufi,to fee his Will per— formed. Care for the fifyirazd f poor Prifoners in the Hole, or Two-penny Wards, pm: Fri 0 in either of the Compton in London, by equal foners. Portions to each Compter : Provided, that the Debt do not exceed the Sum of twenty Shillings and eight Pence, for every Prifoner at any Time to be fet free.” W. Net/en’s . Mr. PVz'llz'am Nelfon, Grocer, towards the Main- fight: . taining of tWelve poor Scholars in Oxford and g. Cambridge, gave four hundred Pounds, to be paid yearly to each Place 201. and 33 5. 4d. to each £25553??? Man. And to the Prifons, 331. Learning. Mr. Robert Rowe, Haberdafher, for the Fur, 2, Honottrab/e All: of Citizens. Book-'1. ? therance of poor Scholars in both the Univerfi- ties, gave 201. yearly, and the Remainder of his Goodsthat were not bequeathed. ' Rio/oard May, Merchant-Taylor, gave, by his Ricb. Ala)": lal’t Will and Teitament, to the Chamber of Lon— Love-tokep' don, the Sum of 300 1. toward the new Buildin E3“?d0”’a‘¥i of old, ruined, and decayed Blackwell-ball, in Lon- p53?” to an don: It being a Market-place for the Selling of I Woollen Cloths, on fuch ufual Market—days as are thereunto alligned. Upon the Receiptof this Gift, the faid Hall was taken down, and a new Foundation laid -: And, within the Space of ten Months following, the Work was finifhed, with the full Charge of 25001. He gave, befides, to Cbrz'fl’s Hofpital the Sum of 901. Peter Cbapman, Ironmonger, gave to the eight p_ ctapmmr, Prifons in and about London the Sum of 601. Charity and He gave alfo to two poor Scholars of Oxford, L°Ve 5° ftudying Divinity, 5 l. to each yearly. Learning To poor Scholars in Cambridge alfo, following the fame Study, he gave the like Sum of Money. To the Poor of the Town of Coke/9am in Ber/e- fbire, where it appeared he was born, he gave the Sum of 51. yearly. Henry Coweb, or Crowtb, Merchant—Taylor, H. Cmy, gave unto Clorzfi’s Hofpital the Benefit of his Charity. Houfe, known by the Name of the Crown, with- out Aldgate, having divers Years as then to come in the Leafe, and yielding yearly the Sum of fif- teen Pounds. Five Pounds are yearly appointed to be paid to the Poor of that Parifh, and ten Shillings to a Preacher. The rei’t remaineth to the Hofpital :- And, af- ter the Leafes Expiration, it is judged to yield above an hundred Marks yearly. Dat'z'd Smitb, Embroiderer, at his own Charge, D. smgys did build certain Alms—houfes upon the Hill cal- Care of the led St. Peter’s-bill, near unto Old Fi/b-fl‘reet; al- P00“ lowing fufficient Maintenance to them. He gave alfo 251. yearly to the Company of Ironmongers, appointing it to be dii’cributed a- mong the Poor, in the Wards of Queenbz'tlo and Caflle—Baynard. 70bit Scot, Salter, gave to his Company the 7.8:ot’sCha; Sum of 201. yearly -, becaufe they lhould allow, rity to the to the Six poor Alms-men of the Company, each P00?- Man 12 d. weekly. The refl: is to be divided among other Poor; and thirty Shillings to be bei’towed in Coals, yearly, for the Poor. . William Stoder, Grocer, gave to Cbrt'fl’s Hofpital, W. Slade)": forRelief of the poor Children there, 50 l. yearly. Chink)“ PVz'llz'am Mafiall, Brewer, gave to the fame Hof— W. Mafia/1’s pital, and to the fame Intent. 9 l. yearly. Charity. Stepben Sleidmore, Vintner, gave a Gift of 441. Step/J. Slid- yearly, and ordered it in this Manner : man’s Love - To feventeen poor Pariihes in London, appoint- :“ihChgg'ti' ed by Nomination, 17 1. o e ° ' To-the Poor of the Parilh of St. Stepben in Coleman-flreet, 12 d. weekly in Bread. To the Poor of Cork in Ireland, where it feem- eth he was born, being Twelve in Number; to each poor Body, 40 s. Ricbard 7aeob, Vintner, gave a Gift of fixteen Rab, 37mg, Pounds for ever, that it fliould be dif’tributed to Charity to Clorzfl’: Hofpital, St. Bartbolomew’s, Bride-well, and Heights“ and St. Women in Soutbwar/e, 405. to each Houfe ”ons' yearly : And the other 8 l. to be given to certain appointed poor Parifhes in London. . He gave, moreover, for fo long Time as two A Tgme of hundred Years {hould lait, the Sum of 28 l. lionefl: and. yearly. Of which Portion of Money, fixreen Elfgficgm‘“ Pounds were appointed for poor Prifoners, that ‘ ' ~lay imprifoned in any of the eight Prilbns in and about London, ye -y-, to each Prifon, 40 s. As, the Gateboufe, the Fleet, both the Comp/er: of the Poultry the King’s Bane/o, and the Wloite Lion. What remained of the Overplus of the Money, was to-be dif’tributed to the Poor of divers ap- pointed Parilhes. ' j‘olon Raj/2!, Draper, gave the Sum of 801. yearly, for ever : out or which thefe Sums fol- lowing lhould be deduc‘ted, and the reft remain to be employed by the Company of Drapers. He gave I 3 l. 9 s. yearly, to thirteen poor 'His efpecial People. For Relief of the Poor, to be bellowed Refpeflofthe in Bread yearly, 52 s. T o be bellowed in Coals P00" yearly, for the Poor, 31. For the Maintaining H' L e of . Rgiigfi; and of Preachers yearly, at Paul ’5 Croft, 10 1. 701m Ruffll‘s charitable Deeds. Learning. Toward the Maintaining of two Scholars, one in Oxford, and the other in (Samaridge, the Sum 0f'131. 6s. 8d. For maintaining a Schoolmafier at Burton in Stafi'ord/lzire,‘ 13 l. 6 s. 8 (1. Item, To the Ulher, 5 l. and to the Vifitors, 30 5. Roller: Gale‘s Rodert Gale, Vintner, out of his Lands lying Love _‘0 in divers Places, gave the Sum of 14.01. yearly, Learning, an . , Refpeél 0m“: to be employed in M annerfollowmg, after the -p00r_ Deceafe ofs'Dorotliy, his Wife. To fix of the poorer fort of Scholars in Corpus Clori/li College, in the Univerlity of Oxford, ufu— ally commorant and refiding in the faid College, and yearly to be chofen on the Feal’t-day of St. Thomas theApol’tle, by George Lacock, his Heirs or Ailigns, under his or their Hand and Seal : To each Scholar he gave 3 1. 6 s. 8 d. yearly, for ever, to be paid by the faid Lacoek, his Heirs or Alligns for ever, out of his Lands in Claypool in the County of Lincoln, and Braflngton in the County of Derby. To the poor Town of Cloippen/oam, in PViltj/Jire, he gave 201. To the Preacher there, 20 3. To the Bailiff and Burgefles, as a friendly Remem- brance, yearly, 20 5. To Cbrijt’s Hofpital in London, 20 1. To the Company of Vintners, 201. To the Poor in Lincoln, 201. To a Preacher there, yearly, to 5. To the Mayor and Chamberlain, 20 5. To the Minil’ter of St. Mark’s Church there, ten Shillings. :7. 2garles’s 7obn gnarl“, Draper, gave yearly, to be be- Charity. {towed in Bread, for Relief of the Poor, 61. W. Dummer’s William Dammer, Draper, gave to the Poor the CharitY- Sum of 131. 18 5. 4d. yearly, for ever. 14/, Party’s H/illiam Parker, a Brother alfo of the fame So- Charity- ciety, gave towards the Maintaining of a Lec— ture, yearly, at St. Ant/oolin’s, 61. Owen Clan, another Brother alfo of the fame Society, gave to the Poor of the faid Company, yearly, for ever, the Sum of 251. . 7ames Stoddard, Grocer, for the Maintaining of tWO’pOOI‘ Scholars, the one in the College of Brazen—nofie in Oxford, and the other to be of Queen’s College in Cambridge, gave 101. yearly, to be paid for ever, out of his Tenement called the Swan wit/o two Necks, in the Parifh of St. Lawrence Old Yewry. 7obn Skeete, Draper, for Relief and Mainte- Owen Clua’s’ Charity. :7. Stoddard ’5 Love to Learning. 7071:: Séeete’s Relpca 0f nance of the Poor in the Hofpitals in and about 3:: 11:22:30“ London, gave the Sum of 3001. Learning. Moreover, he gave to four poor Scholars flu— dying Divinity in the Univerfity of Oxford, and which are not able to proceed in their Degrees, 51. to each Scholar, to be paid at the next Aét, or Commencement. ~ The like Liberality he gave to the other Uni- verfity of Cambridge, for f0 many Scholars, 51. to l each, and at the fame Time. Roger Owfield, F illimonger, gave the Sum of 1001. towards the Maintenance of poor Scholars that Ptudied Divinity in the Univerfities of Ox- ford and Camaria’ge, or elfewli’ere. And his De- R. Orwfield’s Love to Learning. fire was, that fome of them might be of the Ifonot‘t‘raole #67: 0f Citizen's; . Poultry and W'ood/liteet, Ladgate, the Mar/loalfea, , . . 3 I 7 Town Of flflaborn, if any fuch could there be found fit for it. Otherwife he appointed the M04 ney to be employed in Scholarlhips, in Sidney or Emanuel College in Camoridge; Befides, he gave to Cori/f5 depital 100 1.‘ flndrew Banning, Grocer, gave for ever 1201. A. gamgv‘. 'to the Company of Grocers,- therewith to pur- L0"? to chafe Lands of 5 1. Value yearly, for the Relief Learni‘lg' of fome poor Scholar in‘the Univerfity of Cam- bridge. Randal Manning, Skinner, gave, toward the Re— R. Manning’s lief or four poor Scholars yearly, 4.0 s. to each Love to Scholar, being of Clorifl’s and Emanuel Colleges Learning- in‘Camaridge, and this Gift to continue the, Space of thirty Years. Catharine, Wife to the faid Rané dal Manning, gave alfo the Sum of 1001. that , her Hulband’s Will might the more efi‘eétually be kept and performed. ‘ . ' . William Parker, Merchant-Taylor, gave to ”371. Porter‘s Clarifl’s Hofpital, to purchafe Lands for Mainte- bountiful nance of the poor Children, 5001. Chamy‘ He gave alfo to the Treafurer of: Bridewell, to fet forty Boys on Work, which lhould be taken up begging in the Streets, and there bound Apprentices for feven Years, to learn feveral ~ Trades; for each Boy fhould have 51. be paid to the Treafurer, until the Sum of 200 1. fhould fully be run out. ' . . George Palin, Merchant, and free of the Gird- Gig. Patti/'3 lers Society, by his laft Will and Tellament, t0 bounFiful 1 good and charitable Ufes, gave thefe Gifts fol- Chamy‘ lowing: Firl’t, he gave 9001. towards the Ereél'ing or Building of certain Alms-houfes, in or about the City of London, wherein fix poor People {hould have the yearly Allowance of 6 l. I 3 s. 4 d. to each Perfon ; thofe Alms-houfes are built near to Cripplegate. - Moreover, he gave, towards the having a fweet Chime in Bow Church in London, 1001. He gave to ' St. jonn Baptifl ~and Brazen-no/e His Care and Colleges in Oaford, towards the Maintaining of 5’” 3°- ' four Scholars there yearly, 3001. to each Col- earning' lege, and to each Scholar 41. yearly. T o the fix feveral Prifons in and about Lon-‘ His Care for don, he gave 60 l. Prifoneriiand. He gave unto Cori/2’5 Hofpital, to purchafe the Poor' Lands, after the Rate of 201. yearly, for Benefit of the poor Children there, the Sum of 3001.» .‘ . Moreover, in further Exprefiion of his Zeal HiS Zeal to and Love to Learning, and for the like Ufes as Learning- we have before declared, he gave, to Trinity and St. j‘olon’s Colleges in Cambridge, the Sum of 6001: To the Hofpital of St. Tbomar in Sontlowark, he gave 501. Towards the bearing of fuch Scholars Charges, The Fruits of as fhould come, from Time to Time, to preach a Chrim‘m at Paul ’3 Crofi, he gave the Sum of 200 l. Falth‘ He gave 1321. to be difl'ributed to certain Parifhes in London, to fome 101. to others 201. He gave to the Town of Wrenonry in Clocfliz're His Care of 200 l. to purchafe Lands, after the Rate'of twen: Poor P3013“ ty Marks by the Year, for Relief of the Poor 802;. there. ‘Yi He gave alfo, for Behoof of the Church there, the Sum of 301. . " He gave for forty poor Gowns 401. This Gentleman gave théfe Gifts about the Year 1610, amounting in all to the Sum of 3600 1. bellowing this, which was the better Part of all his Wealth, to godly and charitable Ufes.] Robert Dove, Citizen and Merchant-Taylor of London, gave, in his Life-time, and long before / he died, to the Matter, Wardens, and Afiifian‘ts 312:1; filth" of that Worfhipful Company, the Sum of 29.581. Gin. oer. 10 s. to be yearly employed in thefe good Ufes Ram Duet. following; . Firf’t, For the Maintaining of thirteen "poo; ' ,_ Almsi 7. s. 1’20. 318 This Charity Almsqnen in Gowns of good Cloth, well lined, extendeth on- with a filver Dove upon each Man’s left Sleeve. 1)’ ‘0 P00? And fix other poor Men, termed Retierfioners, 3:532: °f to fucceed in the Rooms of the deceafed Gown- Company. men, they wearing Cloaks of good Cloth in the mean Time, with a filver Dove alfo upon each Man’s left Arm : The yearly Allowance to per- form this is 1071. He gave to the Schoolmaf’ter 8 1. He gave alfo to the Poor of St. Botolpb’s with- out Aldgate, in which Parifh he dwelt and died, 20 l. 5. His Love to T098t. 701m Baptijl’s College in Oxford he gave Learning. 100 1. To the Prifoners in the two Compters of Lon— don, and to the Prifoners oandgate and New- gate, he gave 20 1. He gave to Carl/PS Hofpital in London, to pur- chafe Lands, after the Rate of 10 l. yearly, and, for one to infirué‘t the Boys in Singing, 2401. He gave to the Parifh of St. Sepalclore’s the ‘ Sum of 501. that, after the feveral Seflions in éfgefgzggm London, when the Prifoners remain in the Gaol, Perfons’ and as condemned Men to Death, expecting Execu- their going to tion on the Morrow following, the Clerk of the the" Dea‘h- Church fhould come in the Night Time, and likewife early in the Morning, to the Window of the Prifon where they lie -, and there, ringing certain Tolls with a hand Bell, appointed for the Purpofe, he doth afterward, in molt Chriftian Manner, put them in Mind of their prefent Con— dition, and enfuing Execution, defiring them to be prepared therefore as they ought to be. When they are in the Carts, and brought before the Wall of the Church, there he frandeth ready with the fame Bell, and, after certain Tolls, re- hearfeth an appointed Prayer, defiring all the People there prefent to pray for them. The Bea dle alfo of Merebant-Taylors—ball hath an honefi: allowed Stipend, t0 fee that this be duly done. What elfe remaineth concerning this Man ex- peét, when I come to fpeak of the Hall. Mr. Dove’s Charities are more largely related in Parlfa/ten Ward. Randolph Woolley, Merchant-Taylor, gave to the Governors of Clorifi’s Hofpital, therewith to pay, yearly for ever, 51. to the Reader of Care Chapel, in the Parifh of Mac/zle/lone, in the Coun- ty [of Stafl'o'rd, 50 s. at each Half—year. For which he is to teach freely the Children of the Inhabitants of flflon, in the fore-named Parilh of Muckleflone. ’ He gave moreover to the faid Hofpital 1001. for the allouiing 0f 50 s. yearly every Eafler-day, that the poor‘ Children may then eat roaf’t Meat. He gave moreover to the faid Governors 100 l. therewith to pay yearly, unto the Poor of the Parifh of Mne/tlejlone, 51. . He gave alfo to St. Bartholomew’s Hofpital three Pounds. filo/on Brown, VVoolwinder, and Magdalen, his Wife, gave certain Lands lying in Bar/tin in Ef— jex, amounting then to 51. 6s. 8d. yearly. And this Gift they gave unto Carl/PS Hofpital, for ever. Lewis Randall, Pewterer, but a Brewer by his Profeflion, of his own free Coft and Charge, aved, with fair F ree-ftone, the call: Ifle of C/Jrl/t’s Hofpital Cloii’ter, and renewed all the Ar- mories of former liberal Benefactors to that Houfe, whereof himfelf was one of the Governors. He gave befides 501. to the Treafurer, that the poor Children, there maintained, might eat roai‘t Meat at Dinner, on every St. Matt/alar’s Day, if it fall out of Lent. But, if it fall in Lent, then they are to eat good and well made Furme— ty, both at Dinner and Supper. ' William 7ones, Merchant, and free of the Worlhipful Company of Haberdaihers, in his 2 A notable and molt Chrillian R. W’aolley's Love to Learning, and Care for the Poor. 70571 Brown's Charity. L. Randall ’s Charity. His Love to the Children. W’m. “form’s bountiful Charity. Honourad/e .4675 of Citizens. Book I. Life—time did many charitable Deeds, and by his Will and Tef’tament ordained many more, put— ting his own Society in Truf’t t0 fee them per- formed, as ihall briefly be declared. F irlt, many Years before he died, he allowed 501. Pounds yearly to a Preacher at Monmouth, there to infiruét the People in God’s true Religi- on. Afterward he grew to fettle a certain Sti— pend there, amounting to the Sum of one hun~ dred Marks yearly, to maintain a good Preacher there: Providing alfo, that a convenient Houfe ihould be built for him, with all neceifary Mat— ters belonging to it, that he might, with the more Comfort, dwell there among them. Alfo, for the Infiruétion of Youth in Learn- His Cm For ing and Religion, he ordained to have afair Free— the Mainte- School there built at his own Charge, and a fair Rance,“ Houfe alfo to be ereéted for the chief Mailer: Lemmg‘ Allowing him yearly, for ever, 601. and 301. alfo yearly to the Ufher, Befide, being Chrif’tianly mindful of the poor His Provi— and needy People in thofe Parts, he took Order dance for the for the Building of an Hofpital in the fame P00r and , Town, ordaining it for twenty poor Pe0ple ; :1: 33:71:21,”); giving to every one of them a good Gown year- ' ly, and 2 s. and 6d. aPiece weekly. And, be- caufe himfelf, being far abfent, could be no Surveyor of thefe Works, he committed the Care thereof to the loving Brethren of his Company, paying to them, in his Life-time, the Sum of 8000 1. And left them by his Will 10001. more, for the full F inifhing of f0 good a Work. Moreover, he appointed to the faid Company of Still his Piety Haberdafhers the Sum of 5000 l. by them to be 33“ Chriflim difburfed, for the Maintenance of a good Preach- fizzgt’i'nwalk er at Newland in Gloucefler/lyire, and of certain Hand toga- poor People in the fame Parifh. ther. Moreover, he gave to the fame Society, 1440!. His Care for to allow unto nine poor Men, being free Brethren goor‘decayed' of the fame Company, 81. a-piece yearly for mfggg‘pgfiy‘ ever. Moreover, he left, by his Will, 6001. in M0- His Main— ney, and a fair Houfe in the City of London, to mining 05,3 the Difpolition of the Company, to bellow the 5:35:13 3? yearly Profits, for the yearly Maintenance of a London for godly Preacher in this City for ever 3 which ever. Preacher from Time to Time is to be nominated by the Company : As already they have hitherto appointed Mr. ‘j’olan Downbam, Batchelor in Di- vinity, and a very learned Preacher. Moreover, he gave the Sum of 10001. to be His Love to faithfully diftributed among poor Preachers here Pom Freddi- in England. ‘ “5' To be dii’tributed among the feveral Hofpitals H55 Charity in London, he gave the Sum of 500 l. to Hofpitals His Chrifli‘an Care for Re- ligirm in his Country. ~ T0 the Poor in Stoad he gave 200]. a?d£:°; PdeOe To the Poor of Hamanrgla he gave 50 l. 51:36:. “ Befides, to fuch poor Engli/lamen as lived in Hamburg/9, he gave 501. He gave likewife a good Sum of Money, by His Love to way of Gratitude and T hankfulnefs, to his own his ownCom- Company, as a Token of his Love, for their Pan)“ Care and Pains-taking in the Managing of f0 fe- rious a Bufmefs. The Hofpital at Monmouth Was built, by the What Care Company, in his Life-time, and the poor People ‘3‘“! D’l‘gh‘mc’ . . e wort y placed in it. Company Since his Death, the Houfe for the Preacher have taken in there, the Free-School, and the Houfe for the the Execution Schoolmafler,’all thefe are, by this Time, near °f his .W ill, . according to finllhed. the Times An Houfe alfo for the Preacher at Ncwland, and feveral and the Hofpital for ten poor People there, is aPPOimed - w Places. already, by them, begun, and in very good hor~ wardnefs. His intended Care for a Preacher in London is already performed, and the fame continued in a Leéture, at St. Bartholomew’s Church near to the Exeloange, every Tnnrfday in the Afternoon.“ — ere Jeff’m Chap. XXX. Here I could enter into a further Relation, concerning fome Men yet living, whofe liberal Bounty, and molt chrii’cian Charity, doth de- ferve no mean Commendation, and is very little nefaétors to inferior to many of them already named. the Poor, and But, becaufe they account it Honour enough to mil“? “he” them, that divers poor People, in private, fhould 5,;ng rather fufliciently find it, than the World, in Public, know it, I am content to fpare their Nomination; as knowing very well, that they who have been f0 liberal in their Life—time, have, no doubt, fet down extraordinary Deter- minations, which neither Death, nor any deceiv— ing Executors, can or {hall fruitrate and difap- pomt. Let me commend that truly religious Man, who perceived the heavy Want of divers honel’t Houlholders, laborioufly endeavouring, Night and Day, to maintain their Charge; but that the W'orld’s Extremity frowned too fiercely upon them. I know the Man, and oftentimes in Tears hath he faid to me, Here is true Poverty indeed, too modef’cly filent in {peaking their mighty Need and Mifery, and therefore jufily deferving Pity. T0 two, three, four, and many Times more of thefe, hath he been, and is, a liberal Benefactor, weekly, with his own Hands; yet not in his own Name, or as coming from him- felf, he being f0 meanly difguifed at fuch Times of his coming to them, and f0 fudden alfo in departing from them, that they were not able to dil’tinguifh him; but alledging, that the Relief was fent them from fome, who underflood their Need, ,almol‘t, as well as themfelves, and willed them to be thankful only to God for it. Oh that London had a Park near adjoining to it, f’tored with many fuch choice Deer -, as doubt- ' lefs it hath, though not ealily known. For fome ‘ build Alms—houfes, F ree-fchools, Cawfeys, and Bridges, in very needful Places: Yea, and re- pair old ruined Churches, relieving Hofpitals alfo in avery bountiful Manner, and are weekly Bene- factors to Prifons : Yet performed by fuch A— gents faithfully, that the true Befiowers are not noted, though vehemently fufpeéted; and the Glory they fhun here, will, for ever, fliine on them elfewhere. But God fiir up the Minds of many more to imitate them in this tonguelefs Liberality. Mr. William Ma/bam, Grocer, and Alderman of London, gave, befides his liberal Charity to the Hofpital, towards the Maintenance of poor Scholars at both the Univerfities, 201. Mr. Henry Pranne‘l, Vintner, and Alderman of Divers Men yet living, have been and (till are molt bountiful Be- The Teliimo- my of a good and odly Con cience indeed. A living Be- ‘ nefaflor un- known. 17'. Ma/lmm’s Love to Learning. H. Prannel’s Chant)" London, gave, among the faid Hofpitals, the Sum of 501. yearly. Wzlliam El_- Mr. lVilliam El/tin, Mercer, and Alderman of £33123; London, in the Year 1593, gave to Cbrifl’s Hof— pital in London, and for certain charitable Ufes, the Sum of 8001. He gave alfo, to the Prifons in and about Lon- don, 601. - Befides, he gave to Emanuel College in Cam- bridge 51. and to both the Univerfities together, 601. ' Mr. Rickard Gurney, Salter, and Alderman of London, gave, to be diltributed, among the feve- ral Hofpitals in and about London, 601. and to the Univerfities yearly, 5 1. Mr. Hug/2 Ofi‘ley, Leatherfeller, and Alderman of London, gave, for the Maintaining of Scholars Ric/yard Gur- ney’s Charity. Hug}; Ofiqy’s Love to ifi‘é‘i’r‘gbr in both the Univerfities, 771. ,he Poor. He gave to Cbri/l’s Hofpital, in London, the Sum of 77 l. Befides, he gave to the Prifoners in and about London, 20 l. and 35s. yearly, to continue for cer- _ . , tain Years. W’ll’mplf'l" Mr. William Walt/sail, Mercer, and Alderman bull’s charita- - ble 36mm of London, gave to the Hofpitals a London 2001. lence. Honouraé/e .467: of Citizens". .3 1 9 Moreover, he gave to poor Scholars in Cam" oridge 9 l. yearly. T o the Prifons befides, in and about London, he gave 1 35 l. Befides his former Gifts, he gave 101. yearly to Cloriji’s Hofpital. To his Company of Mercers he gave 1001. care for to be lent to young Men that begin the World, young Begifl‘ Sir Robert Hump/on, Merchant—Taylor, and Al: “irg‘ derman of London, gave, to the charitable Relief if Rage? of poor Prifoners, 1501. in ready Money, and the Cfizfif;s Reverfion of two Tenements befide's. Sir Ric/yard Champion, Draper, Alderman, and Sir Ric/5m! Lord Mayor of London, in the Year I 565, gave Cbamfion" the Sum of 19 1. I43. yearly, to a Chril’tian and I??? :0; charitable Work, formerly begun by Sir fie/on Mile Pdolre. o t a oourne, Alderman, Draper, and Lord Mavor of I London, likewife, and with the like yearly AilIOWa avnce of 191. I4. 5. towards the Maintenance of thirteen poor Alms—houfes on Tower—bill, and near to the Dwelling of the Lord Lumley. Sir Wol/i‘ane Dixie, Skinner, Mayor, I 586, gave Sir Wag/fan: as followeth : ' . Dixy’s Chari- He founded a Free-School at Bofwortlz, and table Benew‘ endowed it with 20 l. yearly. lance. T0 Clari/l’s Hofpital in London, he gave yearly, for ever, 421. - 1 For it Lecture in St. Meloael Bafing-loall, year» y, 10 . To the poor of Newgate, 20 1. Hi5 Bounty to To the two Compters, and to Ludgate and Betlo- Prifons‘“ di‘ lem, to each of them, IO 1. ‘ vs" Places’ dT0 the four Prifons in Soutbrwark, 201. 13 s. 4 . To the Poor of Ba/ing-ball, 101. . ' To Emanuel College in Cambridge, to buy Lands Out of his for the Maintenance of two F CllOWS, and two L0“ 5° Scholars, 6001. Learning. To the Building of the College, 501. T o be lent unto poor Merchants, 500 l. Topoor Mer- To the Hofpitals of St. Bartholomew and St. chants. Thomas, 501. to each. T°dH°rPimls’ \ . an OOI' :10 the PoorOOf Brza’etvell, 20 l. . M315, Marri- I‘o poor Maids Marriages, 100 1. ages, {9%. To poor Strangers of the Dutch and French Church, 501. Towards the Building of the Pe/z‘looufe, 2001. Tothe Pq/i; Sir yobn Hart, Grocer, Alderman, and Lord huff?- Mayor of London, in the Year I 589, erected and .3; 7.057;: founded a Free-School in York/lone, with the Al— offeimfif; lowance 0f 30 l. yearly, to a Matter and an Ufher. and Refpeét’ Sir 72mm Pemberton, Goldfmith, and lately 0W"? Poor- Lord Mayor of London, in the Year 161 I, in his $62,337:“. Life-time, founded a Free-School at Hie/kin, in Love toms the Parifh of Ekle'lefclen, in Lanea/loire, endowing Learning. it with 501. yearly. and t° the He gave alfo to Cori/2’3 Hofpital 5001. Poor‘ He gave to his Company of Goldfrniths 2001. T0 divers Prifons he gave 100 1. ’ And to fundry poor Parilhes he gave charita- bly, leaving it to his Executors Difcretion. Sir William Craven, Knight and Alderman, and . 5. fometime Lord Mayor of this City, by his lai’t Sir pug-154m Will, made Anna 16 I 7, gave to the poor Prifo- ({rwm'sqha- ners in Newgate, Lua’gate, and the two Compters, Stable gift“ the Sum of 4.01. “viz. 101. to each. Item, To “213:0 is the poor Children of Clori/l’s Hofpital, the Sum 7.Hare,Rir/)- of 1001. Item, Towards the Relief and Curing mafldHerfld- of fick, fore, and difeafed Perfons in St. Bart/oo- lomew’s Hofpital, the Sum of 1001. Item, To the Hofpital of Bridewell, towards the fetting of Pturdy Beggars, idle and vagrant Perfons, on Work, 1001 Item, Towards the Relief of lick, fore, and difeafed Perfons ,in St. Y'Ioomas’s Hofpital in Southwark, 100 l. Befides, to be dil’tributed, on the Day of his Burial, to the Poor of divers Parifhes in London, according to the Difcretion of his Executors, 1001. and to fix Parifhe’s in Soutlawark, 101. to each. 4 M T0 320 Sir [Martin , Borwes . :7. s. ---- Bunce. Sir Baptifl Hid-s. Fb'i/i'iam Par- ' her. Abridg- ment of the Chronic/es. Honourable A573 " of Citizens. To one-Hundred poor People to attend his Fune- . ral, black Gowns, and 12 d. a—piece -, t0 the Pa- rifh of St. 70hn the Evangelil’t, 1001. to the Pa- riih of St. Antholin, 100 Nobles -, to the Poor 0f Tiverton, 501. and Burnfal 501. befides fome Thoufand Pounds to his Servants] . I , Sir Martin Bowes,vG01dfmith, fometime May- 0r, built an Alms—houfe at Woolwich -, and ap- pointed a Sermon to be preached at St. Mary Woolnoth, on or near St. Martin’s Day, before the Company -, and certain Gifts of his are then to be difp0fed by the faid Company. He gave Plate and Houfes to the Goldfmiths Company. Bunce, Leatherfeller, gave liberally to that Company in Truit, to find a Preacher to cate- chife at Ottringdon in Kent, and to preach three Sermons there ; one for the Deliverance in 1588, one on the I 7th Day of November, and a third on the 5th of November, for which he is to have 8 l. per flnnum paid him. Sir Baptifl Hicks, Mercer, fometime living in Cheapfide, Vifcount Campden, built, at his own Charge, in St. john’s-flreet, a Shire—Houfe, for the Juf’tices 0f Middlcfix to hold their Sefiions at, which cof’t him 900 1. 0r thereabout. ‘ He found- ed alfo an Hofpital at Campden in Glouccfler/hire, for twelve PerfOns to dwell in, and well endow- ed; the Building whereof, befides the yearly Main— tenance, coll 9001. A larger and more particu- lar Account will be given of his Liberalities in the next Chapter. William Parker, Citizen, and Merchant-Taylor of London, who died about the Year 1616, a- monglt other Things which he gave to pious and public Ufes, gave 1000 1. towards the new Build— ing of fllderfig‘ate, which ,was employed accord— ing to the Tenor of his Will. He gave alfo 5001. "towards the new Glazing of the decayed Win- dows in the upper Part of St. Paul’s Church -, and the famesto be done on rich coloured Glafs, with Efligies, and holy Stories, as it had been former- ly glazed and adorned. The firft Window where- of, being new made, was prepared and appointed to be let up on the north Side of the Choir, in the Month of fune, I618, and much of the 01d Glafs repaired, beingthe Decays 0f divers broken Win- dows. Next, Sir 7ames Cambel, Knight, deferves an honourable Remembrance. fl brief Abflratt of the many worthy and charitable Legacies, given and bequeathed, in the la/t Will and Tie/lament of that grave and judicious Senator, Sir James Cambel, Knight, and fenior fllderman of London, who departed this tranfltory Life the 5th Day of January, Anno Dom. I64.I, being Wednefday, and was buried in the Pari/h Church of St. Olave Jewry, London, upon the 8th Day of February following, being Tuefday. Obiitflne prole, Etatis face 72. IWrimis, to his Lady, upon Condition, 20001. And for her Agreement, in Regard of her Dowry, 80001. Befides his Houfe in Throgmorton-flreet, Plate, Brafs, Pewter, and all Manner of Houfltold-Ptuff. Item, To Mr. :7ames Cambel, eldefl: Son of his Brother, Mr. Robert Cambel, Alderman of Lon-‘ don, deceafed, 20001. ' And, upon Condition, 50‘0 l. Befides his Part in the Manor of Gla/tenbury, a Thing of Worth. Item, T0»Mr. Thomas Cambel, the Brother Iof the {aid 7ames, 20001. ,To 7ames, the Son of the faid Thomas, 251. To Mr. Robert Cambel’s Daughters that are un- married, 5001. ' To the Lady Clitherow, Sir 7ames’s Sitter, 2001. To Mr. 7ames Clitherow, his Godfon, 2001. 2 To the ref: of her Children unmarried, 5001. T0 Mrs. Scot, Sirj‘ames’s Sifter, 1001. To Mr. George Scot, her Hufband, 1001. To Mr. Edmund Scot, his Brother, 200 1. To Mrs. Megs, Sir 7ames’s Sifter, 1001. To'Mr. 7ames Megs, his Godfon, and a Mini- fier, upon Condition, 400 1. To Mr. William Megs, his'Brother, 100 1. T0 Mrs. 7ohnfon and Mrs. Gufltone, Daughters oers. Megs, 661. 135. 4 d. To Sir Thomas Abdy, eldei’t Son of the Wife of Alderman Abdy, Sir 7ames’s Sifter, 100 1. To his Daughter Rachel, 25 1. ‘ Tp Mr. jfohn flbdy, a Scholar, upon Condition 300 . , ”1‘0er. Walmefley, the Son of Sir 7ames’s Sifter, 1000 . T10 Mrs. Vanpain, a Sifter of the faid Thomas, 500 . To Mr. Robert Smith, who married another of the Sifters of the faid Thomas, 100 1. To his Son, 1001. To Mr. Townfl'nd, who married another of the Sifters of the .faid Thomas, 100 1. To his Children, 2001. To Mr. 7ames Townfend, 1001. 7, To Mrs. Morgan, Daughter of one of Sir yames’s Sifters, 3001. To her Children, 2001. To Mrs. Harris, Sifter of the faid Mrs. Morgan, 300 l. . To her Sons, 2001. To her Daughters, 2001. To Mrs. Bright, late Wife of Edward Bright, Sir ‘j‘ames’s Coufin by his Mother, 2001. To Rachel Bright, my Lady’s God-daughter, 300 1. To the Children of Mrs. We/twood, the Sifter of the faid Edward Bright, 300 l. ‘ To each of Sir yames’s Godchildren, IO 1. To all other his Sifiers Children unmarried, each, 101. T 0 Mrs. Rachel Cor/elis, my Lady’s Coufin and God-daughter, 20001. To Mr. Lucas Corfelis, her Brother, 10001. To Mr. Ifaac Vanpain, my Lady’s Coufin, 2001.‘ T0 Mrs. j’oflentia Depril, another Coufin, 501. To Mr. Rufchout, another Coulin, 501. To Mrs. Caflair, another Coufin, 1001. To Mrs. yacobmentian, another Coufin, 501. To Mr. Thomas Hand/on, Sir 7ames’s Godfon, 1001. To the Children of his Coufin Clarke, 1001. To Richard Peate, his~ Acquaintance, 1001. To the Children of john Voguer, his Acquain4 tance, 201. - To Mr. MoflZ’, Underchamberlain, 61. I 3 3. 4d. '1 0 Mr. .Michel, the Town-Clerk, 51. To Mr. PI/zfiman, the Remembrancer, 51. T0 fi'ames Oyle, 51. _ To Mr. Farnaby, 5 1. To his old Waterbearer, 5 1. T0 Bur, the Beadle, 51. To Mr. Merrie/r, the Scrivener, 101. To Mr. Smith, a filenced Minii’ter, 401. To Dr. Holdfworth, to preach at his Funeral, 2 1. 5T 0 Mr. Warren, the Leéturer of St. Peter’s Poor, 10 1. To the Reader of the fame, 5 1. To the Clerk of the fame, 2 1. To Dr. Hall of Bar/éin, 20 1. T o the Reader and Leéturer 0f Barhin, 4.1. To Mr. Maddifon of Wan/ted, 51. To the Clerks of Bar/tin and Wan/ted, 31. To Mr. Mafon, of St. Andrew’s Under/haft, 51. To the Parfon of St. Olave yewry, 5 1. To the Clerk of the fame, 2 I. T 0 all fuclfi Servants that are now dwelling Wit BOOk It Chap. Eclerorwnc, XXX; with him, and other poor Retainers, "to be dif— pofed at fuch Times, and in fuch Parcels, as his Lady pleafeth, 3001. To his Servant Edward Browne, 201. To his Servant flhraham T aylor, 100 1. To the Parifhioners of St. Ola'oe’s j’ewry, for their Leave to ereét his Monument, 1001. To fix Score poor Men, in Money or Gowns, 1201. ‘ ‘ To be'given at his Funeral to poor Beggars, 2001. ' To the Poor of St. Olave’s 7ew1y, St. Peter’s Poor, and Barkin in Eflex, 2001. To the Poor of Alhallow’s Barkin, 101.- To the Dutch and French Poor, 1001. To poor decayed Minifters, not to exceed 5 1. nor lefs than 40 s. a—piece, 5001. ~ To the Gentlemen of the Artillery, for their Stock, 1001. For their Dinner, 661. 13 s. 4 d. To the Provoft Marlhals, for their Attendance at the Funeral, 4.1. T o repair the Cathedral Church of St. Paul, 10001. To the Company of Ironmongers, to be lent young Beginners, 1001. a Man, upon good Se- curity, 13001. . The Intereft of 501. for the Clerk to make Bonds, 501. For the Company’s Dinner, 30 1. To the Company of French Merchants for their Dinner, 251. To enlarge the Hofpital of St. Thomas in South- wark, with more Lodging for poor Sick, 15001. , To Chrifl’s Hofpital, 5001. To the other two Hofpitals, viz. Bridewell and .St. Bartholomew, 2001. To Bethlem, 1001. Moreover, to Bridewell, for a Stock to fet on Work poor Vagrants that are delivered out of the Gaol, to keep them from further Pilfering, 20001. ' To the Governors of the Hofpital, for their Dinner, 661. 13 5. 4d. For Relief and Releafe of poor Prifoners in and about London, that lie in Durance for fmall Debts, 1000 1. For Redemption of poor Captives from T nrki/h Slavery, 1000 1. For Ereéting of a Free-School at Barkin in Ef— ,fix, 6661. 13 5. 4d. For Ereéting ofa Bridge near Wan/led, 2501. For a Supply of a Stock of Coals, which his Father began, 5001. To the Executors to difpofe of in fuch charita- ble and pious Ufes, 'as they {hall think fit, to be accomplifhed within two Years, 10000 1. To the Executors, for their Care and Pains in performing his Will, I 5001. The Total is, 489671. 6 s. 8 d. But if his Ef’tate, by bad Debts, or otherwife, will not amount to pay all thefe Legacies, then the laft 15001. or f0 much as {hall be wanting, mul’t be deduéted out of the 10000 1. left to be difpofed. ‘ Thefe Legacies were, foon after his Death, fct his Servant, [forth in Print by his Servant, Edward Browne, publilhes' . thefe Lega— cies , and why. Ironmonger, whofe Name is among the Legatees. The Reafon of his f0 doing was to prevent the withdrawing of any Part of thefe Legacies by the Executors, and dividing them among themfelves, as there was a Whilpering, though perhaps un- jul’tly, that there was; and that they intended e- very one to take a third Part of the 10000 1. to théir own proper Ufe. He was employed under the Executors, being a good Clerk, to receive Monies, and pay the Legacies. And fome there were that perfuaded the Lady Camhel, Widow of the faid Sir 7ames Camhel, to difcharge him Honourahle £675 of Citizens. her Service. For the preventing whereof, and for the continuing him in his faid Employment, in or- der to the more punétual and faithful Payment of thefe Legacies, he put up a Petition to the King, tointerpofe his Royal Commandment to the Wora llnpful Executors of his late Matter Sir 7ames Camhel’s lafl: Will and 'I‘ei’cament, to continue the Petitioner’s Endeavours, in receiving Monies, and paymg Legacies, as formerly he had done, till the Will of the Tefiator were really performs ed, and then to rccompence his Labour accOrdé mg to Equity. The King accordingly, granted his Petition, in thefe Wor s, SoitDroit, comme cji dcflre ; that is, Let Right he done, as is deflred. And, before this Royal Grant of his Petition, many of the Aldermen, and other Perfons of Q18.- lity in the City, gave their Teflimonials, under their Hands, t0 the Executors, of Brown’s Sulfi- ciency, with their Defires to them to continue him in the faid Office, in ithefc Words : “ In “ the mean Time, we defire the Worlhipful Ex- “ecutOrs of his Mafier’s laf’c Will and Tel’ta- “ ment, to make Ufe of his honel’t Endeavours, “ as formerly they have, except they conceive juPt “ Caufe to the contrary. Dated the '24th ofNo-. “ vemher, 1642. Sir George Whitmore, 1 Sir Nicholas Rainton, Sir Henry Garway, Sir Edmund Wright . Sir 7ohn Cordell, ’ Lnght}? .filderme“ Sir Thomas Soame, ’ o m on. Sir 7acoh Garrard, Sir yohn W olla/lone, Sir George Clarke, J Ahraham Reynardfon, Alderman. ‘Thomas Wifeman, Efq. William William/on, Citizen. Sir Richard T empejl, Knight and Baronet, Sir William 'flc‘ton, Knight and Baronet. Sir 70h Harhy, Knight. Sir Hugh Windham, Knight. 70hr: Wild, ‘1 Henry Hant, ' . . 7am MW”: Citizens anld Zonmongers of Rohert Hayes, o 071' 7ofl2ph Foote, J ohn Walter, . . ‘I‘Zohert Charchman, } Citizens. Richard Hold/worth, S. T. D. Francis Qaarles, Efq. Thomas lVarren, Richard Tidd, Thomas Grifin, ‘ yohn Vicars, P. john Booker, P. M. M. yohn Taylor, P. 53°C. Befides thefe, we add feveral Other Citizens of large Eftates, and of as large charitable Spirits, whofe Liberalities will be fhewn in feVeral Places of this Book 3 as George Clark, Vintner, deceaf- ed, 1606, buried in St. Botolph Aldgate. See his Charities in Portfoken Ward. Mr. 7ohn Kendrick, Draper, who departed De- cemher the 3d, 1 674.. is molt extenfive Benefac- tions may be read in his Will, fpecified at Length in Broad—flreet Ward, being buried in St. Chrif: topher’s: Summarily, to the Town of Reading, g Matters of Arts. 32.1 George Clark; Mr. 30h» Kmdrific 75001. in Trul’c, for employing the Poor; to - the Town of Newhary, for the fame End, 4000 1. Moreover, to the Company of Drapers, 4001. towards the Repairing of St. Paul’s, 10001. to Chri/t’s Hofpital, 5001. with a great many more Legacies to the Hofpitals, to the Prifons, the Compters, towards poor Maids Marriagesh Es’c. which may be read there. Mr. Henry Smith, Alderman, who died 1627 :, He gave Legacies, amounting to the Sum of 759901? 322. Mr. Sutton. Rirbard C70- jbarwe. S'r 70/771 ll'fof— d is College Worthy Citi‘a zens of thefe modern Times. I Hoaoarab/e .4575 of Ladies. 750001. to feveral Towns, to buy Lands, for the Relief of the Poor, and for fetting them on Work, and for Redemption of Captives in Turki/b Sla- very: And, befides, bequeathed much more, ac— cording as his 'Eltate would bear it, towards the fame Ufes. See his Monument in Wand/wortb Church. l\/Ir. Salton, the Founder of Sultan’s Hofpital, commonly called, 7736 Cbarter-Hoafi. See Book I. Chap. 27. ‘ Ric/Gard Crow/bawe, Goldfmith; an Account of his Benefatifions the Infcription upon his Mo— nument in the Church of zill Saints, Derby, will declare. From the Vifitation Book of Derby/bire, by Sir bl/illiam Dagdale, Knt. viz. Upon a large Monument, ereéted for Riebard Cre/bawe, a weal— thy Goldfmith ofLoadea, who was a Smith’s Son at Jl/[arketan jaxta Derbie : “ To the Glory of God. Riebard Cre/bawe, of “ Landeiz, Efq; fometime Mailer of the Right ‘ Worlhipful Company of Goldiiniths, and De— puty of Bread-flreet Ward -, a lvlan pious and liberal to the Poor in the great Plague, I62 5: Negleéting his own Safety, abode in the City, to provide for their Relief: Did many pious and charitable A€ts in his Life-time -, and, by his Will, left above 40001. to the Maintenance ofLeétures, Relief of the Poor, and other pi- ous Ufes. “ Since his Death, his Executors have added, out of his Efiate, 900 1. He dwelt, and lieth buried in his Parilh of St. Bartbolemew, by the Exebange, where he lived thirty-one Years; and, being feventy Years old, departed this Life the 2d of 7am, I 63 I. Having done much Good to this Town, and this his native Coun- try, his Executors have ereéted his Monument in this Place, to encourage others of great E- ftate to imitate his Piety and Charity, I 6 36.” Sir 701m Mordeiz, a Citizen born, a Turk} Mer- chant, founded lately it molt noble College, which goes by his Name, upon Black/neatly, for fuch a Number of poor honefl: Merchants, being fifty Years of Age, decayed, by Reafon of Loffes, and Misfortunes in their Trades, as the Eftate he left, Real and Perfonal,'might maintain, allowing each of them 201. a Year; which, in a Codicil to his Will, for certain Caufes, he reduced to I51. a Year. Out of which a common Table, Coals, and other Necelfaries, were to'be provided. There belong to the faid College a Chaplain, a Treafu- rer, and other Officers, each allowed competent Salaries. The Overfight and Care of it, and all the Repairs, and other Affairs belonging to it, are committed for ever to feven Merchants of the Tarky Company, who are to vifit it once a Year, or oftener, if they fee Occafion 3 and to take Ac- count, from the Treafurer, of all the Rents and Revenues fettled upon it. The faid Sir 701m Morale” gave alfo, by his laft Will, 2001. to Cbrifl’s-Church Hofpital, and 1001. to St. Tbomas’s Hofpital -, and, for the Delivery of n L n ( n (K S 1‘ ¢ 0‘ C n (C ‘C 6‘ S‘ ‘C ‘6 ‘ n (C 6‘ L‘ (C p00r Debtors of the Prifons in London and Somb- warle, 2001. and 1001. to be dif’tributed to poor blind Perfons, whereof a double Share to fuch of them as were'born blind] ‘ Thus much for famous Citizens have I noted, concerning their charitable Actions, for the molt Part done by them in their Life-time. The Refi- due, left in Trufl to their Executors, I have known fome of them hardly, ornever, performed. Where- fore I wifh Men to make their own Hands their Executors, and their Eyes their Overfeers. Amongthe more modern Citizens, there have not been a few renowned, for their Learning, Wifdom, Piety, Loyalty, as well as generous Li- berality: In this Rank we place Sir Tbema: fl- a'ams, Bart. Sir William Turner, Knt. Sir Robert 7409915, Knt. Sir film Moor, Knt. Sir Robert Clay- 3 Book I. tea, Knt. Aldermen; . 11/}, Efq; Sir 70bit Morden, Bart. Natbaiiiel Tent/a, Efq, €56. - Of Sir Tbomas Adams, who as he was largely charitable, Founder of a Free-School in Sbrep- fbire, and of an Arabic Leéture in Cambridge, and a great Benefactor to the Clothworkers Com- pany -, f0 he was learned, pious, hofpitable, and a Sulferer for his unfhaken Loyalty to King Cbarle: I. And now fome Women, Citizens Wives, de- ferving Memory, for Example to Pol’terity, {hall be noted for the Honour of their Sex. Dame flgne: Fefier, Widow, fometime Wife to Sir Stepben Fefler, F ifhmonger, Mayor 14.55, having enlarged the Prifon of Ludgate in 1463, procured, in a Common—Council of this City, certain Articles to be el’tablilhed, for the Eafe, Comfort, and Relief of poor Prifoners there ; as in the Chapter of Gate.r I have fet down. Advice Gibfen, Wife unto Niebola: Gibfcm, Gro- cer, one of the Sheriffs, I 539, by Licenfe of her Hufband, founded a F rec-School at Ratelzfi', near unto Landon, appointing to the fame, for the Infiruétion of threefcore poor Men’s Children, a Schoolmal’ter and Ulher ; 101. to the Mailer, and 61. 6s. 8 d. to the Ufher. She alfo built Alms-houfes for fourteen poor and aged Perfons -, each of them to receive, quar- terly, 6 s. 8 d. a-piece, for ever. The Government of which Free-School and Alms-houfes {he left in Confidence to the Coop- ers of London. ‘ This virtuous Gentlewoman was afterwards joined in Marriage with Sir Ant/bony aner, Knt. and fo called the Lady Kne'vet. A fair painted Table of her Piéture was placed in the Chapel which {he had built there, but of late removed thence by the like Reafon as the Grocers Arms, fixed on the outer Wall of the School-houfe, are pulled down, and the Coopers fet in Place. Margaret Damie, Widow to William Dame, Ironmonger, one of the Sheriffs of London, I 570, gave by her T eltament to the Ironmongers 20001. to be lent to young Men of that Com- pany, paying after. the Rate of 51. the Year for every Hundred : Which 100]. f0 arifing yearly, was to be employed on charitable Actions, as {he then appointed; but not performed in more than thirty Years after. ' The Lady Bainbam, fometime an Alderman’s Widow of this City, gave to the Poor of the Dra- . pers Company 10 l. yearly for ever. Cham)“ The Lady Mary Ramfey, Wife to Sir Tboma: The Chrifiian Ramflgy, Grocer, Alderman and Lord Mayor of and bountiful London, about the Year 1577, being feized of Ehgrltfidthe Lands in Fee Simple of her own Inheritance, a y' amfly' amounting to the yearly Value of 2431. by Con- fent of her faid Hufband, gave the fame to Cbrzfl’s Hofpital in London, towards the Relief of the poor Children there, and other charitable Ufes, as {hall be declared. ' To the Mafier and Ufher of the School be- He, Love to longing to Cbrijt’s Cbarcb fhe gave, yearly, 20 1. Learning. To the Schoolmafier of Hate/led, by the Year, for ever, {he gave 201. To ten poor Widows, befides Apparel and Her-Care of Houfes, yearly, 201. the Poor. To two poor People, a Man and a Woman, by her appointed, during their Lives, {he gave unto each of them, yearly, 2 l. 13 s. 4 d. To two Fellows of Peterbeufe, in the Univer- fity of Cambridge, and toward the Relief of four Scholars, yearly, 4o. ' - To St. Bartbolemew’s Hofpital 10 1. To Newgate, Ladgate, and both the Compters, Her Charity each of them, IO 1. to the poor After the Expiration of certain Leafes, there Prifonersy is to come unto Cbrzfl’s Hofpital, yearly, the Sum Charitable Women. Agnes Fa er. Ail-vice Gib/2m founded 21 Chapel, at F rec-School, and Alms— houfes at Rat- c/zf ‘ Cur/Edi: be tbat remorvetb bi: Neigbbour’s Mar/t, have I read. Illar. Dame; The Lady Bainbam’s of 1201. To Chap . To Parilhes ' in London. Care for poor _ maimed Sol- diers. Her Care for poor Begin- ners in the World . Her Charity to divers Pa- rifhes in the Country. The Lady Billing/lays Love to Learning. Mrs. W’alter's ' ’cloard-IValter,’ Girdler, gave two Fellowfhips to Love to Learning. Mrs. Sam- barlfs Chari- ty. Mrs. Ve— nalJ/e’s Chari ty. Mrs. Clair/5’5 Love to Learning. Mrs. Doxie’s Charity. Mrs. Bar/{u Iron/2‘s Love to Learning. Mrs. Wood- quard’s Cha- rity. XXX. - Hononraéle .4675 of Ladies. . p a 21.3 To three feveral Parifhes in London, namely, St. Andrew’s Under/loaft, St. Peter’s tlae Poor, and St. Mary Woolnot/o, in Lombard—fired, IOl. to each. Towards the Maintenance of fix poor Scholars in Cambridge 201. Towards the Relief of ten poor maimed Sol- diers, befides Caffocks, Caps, Hofe and Shoes yearly, the Sum of 201. For two Sermons yearly 4.0 3. She gave to the Poor of Clorifl’s Clonrelo Parifh, yearly, for ever, the Sum of 50 5. To the Poor of the Company of Drapers in London {he gave 101. yearly. All thefe Gifts, already rehearfed, are to conti- nue for ever, yearly. Moreover, to each of the five Companies, of Grocers, Drapers, Goldfmiths, Haberdalhers, and Merchant-Taylors, {he gave the Sum of 1200 l. to be lent to young Tradefmen for four Years. She gave to the Mayor and Commonalty of Briflol 10001. to be employed towards the new Hofpital there, and other charitable Ufes, by the Confent of her Executors. To certain Parifhes in the COuntry, as Borden, Newport, Clanering', Langley, Ric/«ling, Qaena’en, Stocking, Pal/yam, and Walden, {he gave the Sum of 100 l. to buy forty Gowns of Prize for Wo- men, and fixty Coats for Men; the Remainder and Overplus to go to the Poor. She gave to poor Maids Marriages 401. Moreover, Ihe gave the Sum Of 5001. towards the Releafing of ‘fuch Prifoners as lie for the Debt of 40 s. in any of the Prifons in London and Soot/aware. ' ' She gave, befides, the Sum of 3000 1. to other good and godly Ufes. ' The Lady Eli/aoetlz Billing/lg, Wife to Sir Henry Billingfley, Habei‘dafher, Alderman and Lord Mayor of London, gave to her faid Hufband the Sum of 40001. therewith to purchafe Lands in convenient Time; and willed, that ‘thexRefi- due of the Profits of the faid Lands fhould be bellowed upon a Scholarfhip and a Fellowfhip in the Univerfity of Cambridge, in St. yolvn’s Col- lege, or any other College there, at hisDifcretion. Mrs Eli/abet}: Walter, fometime Wife to Ri— Emannel College inCamorialge. _ ‘ , Moreover, for the Relief of poor Preachers, fuch as want ‘Livings, {he gave the Sum of 3001. Mrs. Samoae/a, Widow, gave 'to the Poor of the Parifh of St. Bride’s in Fleetflreet, the Slim of '25 l. yearly. ' ‘ i ‘ Mrs. Venaoler, Widow, in her Love to the Chrif- tian Religion, gave for the Help of poor Preach- ers, the Sum of 5ooo l. . ' Mrs. Clark-Widow, late Wife of Roger Clark, Salter and Alderman of London, in the Parifh of St. Margaret filo/er, gave for the 'Maintenance of p00r Scholars, and other charitable Ufes befides, the Sum of 14001. ' ‘ Mrs. 7oan Dorie, Widow, of St. Bennet’s Grace- Clanrela in London, gave to poor Maids Mar- riages aol. ' ~ ' ' She gave to the Company of Armourers, for Relief of four poor Widows, for ever, yearly, 5 1. to each Widow; defiring, to have it called, Tlae poor Widow’s '.Mite. ‘ She gave alfo, towards the Maintenance of the Lecture in Grace Clonrela, 50 s. yearly. Mrs. Baekbonfe, Widow, gave to the worlhip— ful Company of Haberdalhers-the Sum 'of 4o 1.; yearly, towards the .Maintaining‘of eight poor Scholars in the? Univerfities -, allowing to each Scholar yearly 51. , Mrs; Catharine-Woodward, Widow, gaVe 200 l. to the Company of Ironmongers to be lent out to young Men fer th'eir‘Help. . NUMB. XXVIII. She gave zoo 1. more, to be dii’tribu’ted unto poor Scholars, the Hofpitals, poor Prifoners, poor Parifhes, poor Houlholders, poor Maids Marriages : And three Pounds thereof, for three Sermons yearly. ‘ ' Mrs. Margaret Ate’elley, 6f Hackney, Widow, Mrs/feedleylé gave unto Clorifl’s Hofpital 100 l. Charitw She gave to St. Bartbolomew’s 50 l; And to St. Tbomas’s Hofpital5o 1. [And to the Free-School at Hackney 2’0 1.- yearly, with many other Gifts to that Parifh.] Mrs. Alice El/ein, W'idow to Mr. [William El— The Warthy lain, Mercer and Alderman of London, was after- Charity .0? wards married to the learned Lawyer, Mr. Tbo~ 154” 341"" mas Owen, one of the learned Judges of the um Land. This Mrs. Alice Owen caufed, in her'Life- time, an Hofpital to be built at Iflington, for ten poor Women, with Very convenient Rooms, and Gardens to them adjoining. Many other good Works were by her per—' formed in her Life-time : And, according as {he frankly and freely gave them, f0 will I fet them down in Order, as followeth : Firft, She gave to the Library in the Univer— The manifeft fity of Oicfora’ the Sum of 200 l. Temmwx 01’ She gave alfo to the Library in the Univerfity he’LAl‘CQ‘O" of Camoria’ge the Sum of 201. m wmng' For the Foundation of one F ellowfhip, as alfo one Scholarlhip, in Emanuel College in the Uni- verfity of Camorz'dge, {he gave a Sum of Money,- the certain Value .whereof is not come to my Hands. ‘ She gate to Clorifl’s Hofpital in London, to the Her Care of‘ End that twelve Pence a-piece weekly might be the Pooh given to certain poor People of I/lington, 6o 1. Toward the Beautifying of the Cloilters of Clorifl’s Hofpital, Ihe gave the Sum Of 66 l. I 3 3. 4d. . _ ‘ ‘ She gave, toward the Maintaining of a School-‘ Houfe at Edmonton, 201. _ , For a great Bell, to be rung and ufed in the AToken of' Parifh of Condover, in Slarop/bire, lhe gave the" hf Esme” ‘ Sum of 501. t e ountty' ‘ Item, The Building of the Alms-houfes at. Iflington, and Purchafing of the Land laid to them, did colt her the Sum of1415 l. . , Clofe to the faid Ahns-ho‘ufes {he built at Her Provi- _ School-Houfe, and a Chapel of Eafe, that the gencefor 31° Poor mi ht not ver-far to Church- the 00“" her g . g0 0 ’ Alms—houfes. Charges whereof did c011: her the Sum of 361 l. Yearly alfo {he gave good Sums of Money to All‘thefe poor Preachers unbeneficed, as alfo to the Prifons ghlngs ‘Km in and about London. 1,0,2: 31er All thefe being‘done in her Life—time, by her‘ Gifts zip-- lafi Will and T ei’tament, ‘flie hath provided, POimefi by that 22 1. yearly 'lhall be 'purchafed, for the her W‘n' Maintenance of the School at Iflington. ' She hath bequeathed to poor Preachers the Sum of 3 5 l. ' She hath given to the Parifh of Baj/ifloa‘w', wherein fometime fhe dwelt, to increafe the Stock of the Poor there, 201. She hath giVCn to the Prifons 8 1. To the Company of Brewers in London, to whole Truit and Care The hath committed the Government and Overfight of the forenamed Alms-houfes and Sehool—houfe at I/lington, as a grateful Remembrance of her Love, and that their Pains {hould not go altogether unregarded, {he hath given, in Plate and Money, 100 l. p 4 _ And'here‘ let-me tell you, that the Charity AwOfthyEx. 'of this virtuous and religious .Woman deferveth “1111):?“an \ the more to be remembered, and commended alfo muggy” to Pof’terity 5' becaufe {he made her own Eyes the Witnelfes to all, or the greater Part of the fea veral Sums firi’t mentioned, and given in her f Lifextime. And yet, at the Time of her Death, of Chil- dren, and Children’s Children, {he had no lefs - 4 N ' ‘ than 324 than two and twenty. A Motive very able to hinder Charity, efpecially in a worldly and co-‘ vetous Mind. Neverthelefs, looking on all the Parts difpofed to her Children, and the other Dividends befides, {he feleéted out f0 bountiful a Portion for thofe poor Members of Chriit, that, even to the World’s End, may fucceffively remember her Good done to them, and juftly term her their liberal and merciful Mother. One Thing, above the ref’t, I may not forget ; becaufe, in Deliverances from any Dangers, we owe a more fpecial Dury and Gratitude to Goo. This worthy Woman being born at Mington, Honourahle Citizens. Book I. on her Head, and did not touch her with any 0- ther Harm: Whereupon, in the Town of her The Reafon Birth, and where Ihe efcaped fuch an unexpeéted 0f maing Peril, {he made Choice to exprefs her Thankful— 1:“ {Alms‘ nefs to GOD, upon the Altar of her charitable on es. Alms—houfes and School. Thus much for the Worthinefs of Citizens, Whiz Lydgate both Men and Women, in this City; touching i" Praife °f whom, 7ohn Lydgate, a Monk of Bury, in the Reign of King Henry VI, made, amongit others, thefe Verfes following: Londoners of his Time. Of [even Things I praife this City : Of true Meaning, and faithful Ohfer'vanee ; A great Dan— ger {heyd- in the Time of her Childhood {he happened there Of Righteoufne/Is, Truth, and Equity ; Efifgh‘“ 3" to efcape a great Danger, by means of an Arrow Of Stahlenefs aye kept in Legianee, 0° ' {hot at Random in the Field, where {he was then And for of Virtue thou hafl Sufifanee : fporting among other Children -, the Arrow, mif- In this Land here, and other Lands all, fing all the others, pierced quite through the Hat The King’s Chamber of Cujtom Men thee tall. C H A P. XXXI. The Worth of Citizens. Supply their Princes Occajions for pre/ént Money. Citizens called upon to receive Knighthood. Citizens of Wealth and Honour. Sir Thomas Greiham. Sir Baptif’t Hicks. Several worthy Mayors formerly. Valour of Citizens. Their Loyalty. Yheir Wifdom. Extraordinary Honours done to the City hy Kings and Nah/es. Ofices and Places helonging to the City. Lioeries and Fees anciently given, and paid annually hy the City, to Per/ans of Honour, 8L0. ’ l The City‘s Great Deal hath been fpoken, and yet all Adam Frauneejire, Simon Browne, 70hr: de St. EUPOCR’PY ' but very imperfect Collections, of the no- Alhon, of Billingfgate Ward. 8‘5] "ls?“"s' ble Liberality and Charity of the Citizens from Augu/iin Wales, of Lime-flreet Ward. "‘2; Time to Time: Whence Honour and Reputati- 70hn Coleyne, Rohert Manhole, Drapers, of ’ 0n hath defervedly been derived to the City. Cornhill Ward. But the Citizens of London have had divers Barthel. Thomazine, Mercer, Steph. Caundyflr, other commendable Qialifications, which have Draper, William Holhech, 7ohn Harward, 70hr: contributed alfo to the Ennobling thereof: As, Dol/ohye, 7ohn Fawhys, 7am: Naware, qf Cheap namely, their vafi: Wealth, and generous Em- Ward. ployment of it; their Loyalty and Valour, to— The. Legg, Skinner, 300 1. 70hr; Harward/tolre, gether with their Wifdom and Learning. of Bread—flreet Ward. ' ‘ To give fome fcattering' Hints of each. Walter Turk, F ifhmonger, yehn Stodaye, Vint-r WealthofCi- The City, by the Benefit of its Trade, hath ner, Simon Bol/éley, john Rothynge, of the Vinny tizens, and always been ‘very opulent; and many of its Ward. ‘ $2::f?2i°% Members have arrived to overgrown Efiates: Adam Brahefon, of Bread—jireet Ward. commit]; Which they have made ufe of very commenda- Richard Ki/linghuiy, 7ohn‘ of Glouee/ier, of able. bly, either for the prefent Supplies and Afiil’tances Queenhith Ward. of their Princes, which they have often done, or for fome other public Good. King Edward When King Edward III. was refolved upon an ' m. borrows Expedition to France, with an Intent to‘recover 9f the CNY- his Right there, in the I 3th of that King, the Parliament gave him a Tax : But the Citi— zens fupplied him with prefent Money; he bor- rowing bf them 20000 Marks, to be repaid of the Money coming of the forefaid Grant. Which Money was levied of eVery Ward in the City. Fahian's Fahian ihews what every Ward was cefl'ed at ; Chm“: f. fome more, fome lefs. AndI obferved thefe Men “7' of Note for the chiefei’t Wealth: William de Braehle/worth, of the Tower Ward, lent 1001. 7ohn de Cow/ion, of Billing/gate Ward, lent 2001. Aleyn Guyll, of the fame Ward, 2001. :7ohn Love/tyne, of Bridge Ward, 2001. 701m Malwayne, Ralph de Lenone, of the fame Ward, 2001. Henry Pytard, of Dowgate Ward, 2001. Barth. Erie/lyng, Will. Lengly/he, of the fame Wan-I, 200 Marks each. 7' ho. Harwold, of Longhorn Ward, 1001. 7ohn Peehe, of the fame Ward, 100 Marks. 7ohn fldam, 7ohn Bery, Sim. Pyflour, Pepperer, fldam de Bery, john Nott, of Walhrohe Ward.“ Sir Andrew Awhrey, Lord Mayor, lent '8001. ' William de Cowfion, 7ames Andrew, Thomas Bran- don, Pl/illiam of Worcefler, :7ohn Bechampe, 70hn Hall, 7ohn Bull, 7ohn Wardhy, PI/illiam Hang/teed, all of Cordwainer Ward. A rich Ward, as appears by all thefe wealthy . Men in it. Gilhert Staindroppe, of Faringdon Ward within. Rich. Lazar, Mercer, Simon de Betzyngton, of _ Cripplegate Ward. Simon de Frauneis: This Man lent 8001. as much as the Lord Mayor did. He was Mayor in the Year 1341. Henry of War, 70hr: Deny, of Coleman-flreet Ward. ‘ The reft of the Wards are mentioned ; but no particular Names of wealthy Perfons contributing largely, as thefe before-mentioned did. The Wealth of the Citizens had made. them King Edward once like to have filled the City with Knights: 111- "fir-fires This fame warlike King Edward III, Anna 1344, 2:33:26“ requiring all them who had 4.0]. per Annum, to Knighthood. take Knighthood upon them, within about fix Weeks after. And of this public Proclamation was made in London, by the Sheriffs, that fuch as were concerned fhould take Notice of it. And this the King required, either for the Honour of the City, or perhaps to get Money out of the wealthier Chap. XXXI ; wealthier Sort ; who, as it appeared by the Sequel, had no Inclination to this Honour, nor the Con- fequences of it. , This Command of the King was grounded up- on a Statute made in the firft Year of King Ed- ward ‘11. whereby it was ordered, that all fuch as ought to be Knights, that is, that had 201. yearly in Fee, or for Term of Life, Ihould take the Arms of the Knight upon him. The faid King’s Brief to the 81‘ eriffs of Lon- don, for this Purpofe, was as followeth : E D WA R D U s, &c. Vicecomitihas, &c.' i. e. ‘ E D WAR D, &C. To the Sheriffs of ‘ London, Greeting. ‘ WE Command, firmly enjoining you, that in the City aforefaid, when you fhall think convenient, ye caufe it publicly to be proclaim- ed, that all who have 401. of Land or Rent, as they have Revenue by Year, and have held them for three whole Years, and are not Knights, take upon them the Order of Knighthood, a- bout the F eaft of St. * Lawrence next, or at mof’t on the Feai’t, upon Danger which followeth. And that ye diligently enquire of the Names of thofe who have 40 l. of Land or Rents per Ann. in the faid City : And that ye certify Us of thofe Names, in our Chancery, before the fore- faid Feaft. And by no Means omit ye this. ‘ Witnefs myfelf at Weftminfler, the 30th Day ‘ of 7am, in the Year of our Reign over ‘ England the 18th; but, of our Reign over ‘ France, the 5th.’ To which Brief the Sheriffs returned this An- fwer : * Augufl 10. B 00‘ “ha hflhn “GB Proclamari fecimm, &c. i. e. ‘ We have caufed to be proclaimed throughout our whole Bailiffwick, all the Ar~ ticles contained in the Brief, as it is commanded in the fame. We have caufed alfo Inquifition to be made, by the Oath of honeft and lawful Men of our faid Bailifiwick, if any have 4.0 l. of Land or Rent, by Year, in our faid Bai- liffwick, and have held them for three whole Years; and of thofe that hold a Part in our Bailiflwick, and a Part elfewhere, of the faid Value. By whofe Oath we find, that all the Lands and Rents in the faid City are held of the Lord the King in Capite, as free Burgage in Fee Farm. Nor is there any that hath 4o 1. of Land or Rent in the fame by the Year cer- tain. Becaufe the Lands in the faid City, fome are let for more, fome for lefs g, and often i’tand empty, and are not let : Yet frequently have divers Burthens, and require Repairs and A— mendments. And for thofe Caufes, and the Burning of Houfes, and divers other Dangers happening, the Certainty of the true Value of them cannot be known. And, as to the Lands and Rents which the Citizens have out of our Bailifi‘wick, the fworn Men fay, that they know nothing of the Value of them by Year, nor can enqu1re.’ T hefe Diminutions and Abatementsof the Efiates of the Citizens were given in, as it feems, with Refpeét to the Exceptions in the forefaid Statute of I Edward II. Wherein fuch were excufed from Knighthood, that had held their Lands but a fmall Time; or that were bounden in certain Debts in the Exchequer, to be paid yearly out of their Lands; and that held in Manors in ancient Demefne of the Crown, as a ,Sokeman -, and that mui’t give Tallage, when the King’s Demefnes were tallied: And fuch as held Burgage Lands, although they did amount to 20!. yearly. genAannnhfinonagfi'aannhnnaa. flonoarahle Citizen's. Loaiif; 31g Such anather Writ came fioih that King; about twelve Years after, to the Sheriffs; Walter For/fer and Thomas de Brandon, the F hit of Aaé gajt, the 30th of that King’s Reign over England, - but of France the 17th. And the Sheriffs Return was the fame; . ,_ .Iti the Year 1544-, Anna 36 Henry VIII; the The emu“, Citizens, Members of the twelve. Companies; Loan“? King lent that King, upon Lands mortgaged to them, Hm} VIII- thC Sum 0f $12631. 6 5, 8“}. 01112631. When the Mayor, Sir Ragih Warren, lent, for his Part, ~— 5001. Sir Martin Bower —-——- 3001. Sir Rowland Hill —- -— 3001. The three (ire/hams, between them, 10731. 65; 8th Viz. Sir Richard Gre/hain —- 5001. ‘ Sir ft’hhn Greyham 800 Mar. PVilliam Greyham, Mercer —— 401. There were then thefe Knights, and bravé wealthy Citizens, that then lent their PropOrti4 ons, as follow: Sir William Forman —- 3001. Sir William Roche -—-— 3001; Sir 7ohn Cole: —— 2001. Sir Mchael Dormer 4001. Sir 70hn Allen ~— 4001; Sir john Champney: 2001. And thefe Aldermen, not then knighted; though divers of them afterwards were : 7ohn Sadler 100 1. john Tales —- --—- —— 200 Ma.- George Barnes —-—— 2001. Ralph Allen —- 500 l. PI/illiam Laxton -———-— 3001; Henry Hahherthorn, ———- 300 1. Thomas White ~— 3001. Richard Dohhs -— 200 Ma; Richard 7cm}: -——- 400 1. Richard Rede ———-—— 2001; Andrew j‘ada’ ~—-—-- 3001. Thomas Lewin ~— 100 1. 'Henry Amcotes —-—- 2001. yam Wilford. 100 l; And it hath been from Time to Time the The big”, Practice of the Kings of England to borrow Mo— boimd for ney, for their prefent Neceflities, of the City; M°nie55°" and the CuftOm of the City accordingly to fup- fixedfiafiz ply their Kings : And likewife fometimes to be VLgat Ant- Security for Monies borrowed by the King Abroad; ““1"”?- King Edward VI. borrowed MOney of Anthony Wm, Book Fagger, and his Nephews, who were vaf’tly rich of King Ed. German Merchants, and Bankers at Antwerp. ”WW"- And the City was bound with the King for Pay- ment. As I find, Anna 1551, in the Month of April, :1 Recognizance made from the King to Sir Andrew f7add, Lord Mayor of the City, and the Commonalty of the fame, that the King fliall difcharge them, their Succefibrs, Lands, Poffef- lions, and Goods whatfoever, as well beyond the Sea, as on this Side, from the Payment of cer- tain Sums of Money Flemi/h, which they flood bound for to the faid Anthony Fagger, and his . Nephews, to be paid at Antwerp. About the 10th or I ith of Qieen Eli/aheth’s The @eea Rcion {he thou lit 0 ' ‘ leaVesofi‘tsz. D , g f laying afide this Cufiom ing Money . of taking up Money from foreign Merchants and Abroad and Bankers, and concluded it better to borrow of her take, it up of own Subjects, that they might have the Benefit her own Mer- of the Interefl: of the Money fo lent her, rather Chan“- than Strangers. And there was fome Necefl‘ity now of taking this Refolution, fince, in the Year I 569, the Correfpondence was flopped by Duke De Alva with Antwerp, whence the Monies ufed to come. This Counfel that famous Citizen Sir Sir ram Thoma: Grg/ham, her Agent, gave her, that, for (”gigs the ‘ 26 n .3 Some Mer- Honottraale Citizens. Loans. the making of fome Payments to Creditors at Hamoargla, {he fhould take up Money of her own Merchants, whereby they might enjoy the Bene- fit of the Loan. But this Motion found fome Stop with the Merchants, at this critical Time, efpecially, of a Mifunderfiandingwith Spain. For, when the faid Griz/loam came to the Company of Merchant-Adventurers to borrow for the Qleen, they firf’t made dilatory Anfwers to him, fometimes of Appearance of liking it ; anduyet in the End' made an openQJef’tion in the Common Hall, with a peremptory Refufal, by holding up of their Hands : Though the (been, to encourage them to lend, had ordered Grey/2am to make Over— tures of Payment, beforehand, of certain Sums Of Money at London, for their Commodity, . and greater Surety : So as they would afterwards, upon Sale of their Commodities, make Payment of the fame, according to the Value of Exchange. But this Refufal the Qleen’s Council refented Chants ”We much, and caufed the Secretary to fend a Letter to the Merchantstimporting, ‘ How this Offer at firfi to lend the Queen Mo- ( of the QJeen’s was a Matter of great Grace ney. Refent- ‘ and Favour, not much ufed, before this Time, ed. 3 nannnannanoanannnnnnnn‘n They lend her Money, Anne 1569. ‘ “fl 0 8 fl 1‘ h 6 R an I“ S by any Prince -, and therefore in Right to have been very thankfully received. That this Prac— tice of theirs looked as though they were ut- terly carelefs of the O\ueen’s Honour, -to make a Hall-Matter of it : And undifcreetly devifed, contrary to all former Ufage, to make an open (Lueltion in their Common Hall, with a pe- remptory Refufal by holding up of their Hands, without firft giving a probable Caufe of their fo doing -, a Ufage unmeet for the Prince’s Caufe: And the good Offer of her Majefiy generally rejected, not only by the Youth, whom they the Elders were commonly wont to blame to the Council, for all Diforders in their Af- femblies, but by themfelves alfo, the Heads.’ The Council added, 9 That they mutt not think 6 ‘ S C that'fuch a Dealing would be pafled over, as perhaps they had thought. But, before they meant to difclofe the fame to the Qieen, they thought good to impart thus much unto them. Not that they cared for their Payment of any Money there [at Hamonrgb] for her Majelty 3 but that they [the Council] would firl’t know, how they could anfwer the fame: And then they would proceed to fuch Remedy, as lhould feem meet to them, and give them Caufe here- after to think that they could, and muf’t, for her Majefiy, be anfwerable to all manner of Perfons, according as they fhould deferve, well or ill, in the Service of her Majefty, and the" Realm. Finally, that the Matter was fuch, that they could not overpafs without imparting to them, either to lay before them their great Overfight, or to require, for Diminution of their C'onceit againf’c them, fome Declaration of their Doings to be otherwife than they ap- peared: Whereas heretofore they' had many Times dutifully made Payment of Sums of Money for her Majefiy on the other Side of the Seasi Which had alfo been readily and jufily repaid them. And fo doing they did but the Duty of honel’t Subjects; and yet were always both thanked and favoured for the fame.’ This Letter from the Council having fome peculiar Pafi‘ages in it, as to the Princes Borrowing, and the City’s voluntary Lending Money to-them, I thought fit and wor- thy the inferting in this Place. The Iffue of this was, that, in the Months of November and Decemoer I 569, divers of the Mer- chants and Aldermen lent the Qleen Money for fix Months, and to pay Six per Cent. for thofe fihx fMonths. The Lenders, and Sums lent, were t e e : ' 2 . Book I. ' 1. Sir William Garrard -—-- 1000 Sir Rogér Wfartin ---—-— 1000 Lionel Dnoket -—- ——- 2000 William Bond, Alderman ~— -- —— 1000 Woman: Ramfey, Alderman ~-—— - 1000 Bendifi Spinola -—- —— —- 2000 Nit/90M: Fountain, and Peter de Bafqnel —- 1000 7am: Harvey —-— — ~— — -- 1000 Sir 7790mm Lee ’ —-—- 1 000 Rowland Haward, Alderman —- —— 1000 yolm Rivers, Alderman ~'- ~—- 1000 William Allyn, Alderman -- —— — iooo Lady 7oan Laxton, Wife, as it feems, to Lax— ton, lometime Sherifi Francis Barn/3am, Alderman I 000 I 000 _— 16000 The Qieen gave Bonds to each of thefe, and other accuftomed Bonds, to difcharge them of the Statute of Ufury. The fix Months being expired, fl’lC prolonged the Payment for fix Months more, paying Six per Cent. again, and Brokerage. And the Loans went on more cur- rently afterwards. For, Again, in that famous Year I 588, the Qieen in that Junéture wanted Money, and made Ufe of a Loan from the City. Then, in the Month of Auga/t, the City, and chiefly the .Members of the twelve Companies, raifed Fifty-one thoufand nine Hundred Pounds. Thefe following lent one Thoufand Pounds a—piece, Sir Thomas Rang/e}, Sir Wolftan Dix}, Thomas Smitlo, Cuf’tomer, and j‘olon Spenoer, Alderman ; the refl: fubfcribed, fome five Hundred Pounds; fome three, fome two; none under one Hundred Pounds. -Then the Strangers, Traders in London, lent four Thou- fand nine Hundred Pounds. And again another Loan there was the next Another Year, viz. 1589, if I mifiake not, of fifteen Loan: ‘4’!“ Thoufand Pounds: For which the @een paid 1589' Ten per Cent. And, from thefe Supplies of Moi ney afforded from the City, it feems to have truly the Denomination of the Chamber of the Kings of England. And thus from its inexhaul’tible Wealth, and the good Service and Ufe her Princes have made of it, her Citizens have received great Honour. So that one good Service of the City to their Loans from Princes, was Lending them Money upon fome “190W ‘0 extraordinary Emergence : As it did this Qieen $313222; fometimes, who had great and dangerous Ene- 0:5. mies to encounter, and watch againf’t. To en- large a little here. In that critical Year 1588, {he fent to the Mayor and Aldermen, and they raifed her a great Sum of Money of the wealthier Citizens, collected in every Company by a Loan. In one Payment whereof, in Part, they fent in feventeen Thoufand nine Hundred and fifty-two Pounds ten Shillings. Some indeed there were\ that endeavoured to fhift it off, by going into the Country, or leaving the City, or abfenting themfelves for the prefent. But, that fuch alfo might bear their Proportion, the Lord Mayor, who was Sir Martin Calt/oorp, was fain to crave Help from above to deal with them : Whofe Letter to the Lord Treafurer, who had called upon him for this Loan, I fhall fet down as worth preferv- ing, viz. ‘ That it might pleafe him to be advertifed, The Mayo,-s ‘ that, according to his Lordfhip’s laf’t Direction, letter of a ‘ for the fpeedy Payment of fuch Money, as the 503“ Offhe ‘ Companies did Ptand taxed by Way of Loan giggly/3;? ‘ for her Majel’cy’s Service, he [the Mayor] had out), Ame ‘ proceeded for the Elfeé‘ting of the fame by all 1583- ‘ good Ways and Means: Whereby it was then ‘ brought in, and paid into her Majef’ty’s Re- ‘ ceipt, She borrow! again, Anna 1588. Chap. ‘ XXXL ‘ ceipt, upon the fecond Payment, the Sum of ‘ r7952 1. IO 5. And that he Was in good Hope ' it would have been made aoooo l.‘ But that he faw then it would very hardly be accomplifhed, unlefs his Lordfhip would be pleafed to take fome Courfe, that fuch Citizens as did wilfully ab‘ fent themfelves, and others that had left“ the City, and betalten themfelyes into the Coun- try, might likewife be compelled to contribute unto the faid Loan : V'Vhofe Names and Dwel-‘ ling-Places, together with a Particular of fuch Sums as they fiood charged with, he fent unto his Lordlhip by his'Brother, Sir George Bond, [an Alderman] and that he could well inform his Lordfhip, ' how effectually this Bulinefs had been t’ravailed in. He added, that he was very forry that he {hould be occafioned, by the Back- 5‘ fieiioz‘imfle Ciiiaerir. Ldtifif.‘ . your Lor‘dfhips’ ”Command : But we are in good tiopes ii) to prevailwith him by our good Per- _ lualio‘ns and Endeavours‘, as to win him to that. Submiflion, as the Cenfideratioh'of the prei‘ent' ' Cafe doth require._ And, thus” Befee‘ching your“ Honours to tender and pafdon this Our great. Boldnefs, we humbly b'e‘take your LOrdfliip's td the molt gracious Protection and Providence, of God. At London, the igth ofSeptemEer, i 58 9‘. Your good Lorri/132p: mofi bumole.’ Rzolmrd Marty”, lVI‘ayo'r. Thoma; Ram/e}. Mi? , flan Dixie. Rowland Hayward; j‘a/m Harte. j‘o/ori/i’flot. William more William Rowe._ PVziimm Illa/barre. Henry Billing/la. ,Wiliiam EZ—h lay”. Hug/2 Ofiiey.‘ flirt/9M}! Radcijf.’ ,‘ 6 c c .c c c c c Wardnefs of fome, to give f0 hard an Informa- tion unto his Lordlhip againlt any one, that would be accounted a good Citizen; but, in Refpeét of his Duty, he could do no lefs, but , And» as the Qleen borrowed of her loving Ci! The Alden- , tizen,s, upon urgent Occafions‘, fo' her Citizens menafidMef-i would lometimes borrow of her ; fuch Was thl'chal‘; 219", Good Unis. -, .' - ' . firow» u :on o ttiflanding between her Majei’ty and ofthemeen.‘ An Alderman imprlibiied a- hm“ 1" ' an Order of the (lueen’s Council, whom I fufpeét ‘ f’tand, that Mr. Alderman Martyn had been an to boom of thofe, that, upon Retirement out of ‘ humble Suitor unto his LOrdfhip, in Behalf of the City, or forne' other Caufe, refufed to contri— ‘ the Company of the Tier/{y Merchants to be bute what was allotted him to this Loan., The ‘ Mean unto her Majefiy for the Log”; of ten refit of his Brethren, the Aldermen, had labour— ‘ Thoufand Pounds Weight of Bullion for ceré ed with him to comply, but without Succefs; till ‘ tain Years, for the better Maintenance of their now in Septemoer, I 589, they joined together in ‘ Trade, they being charged di‘v’ers Ways as his their SUpplication to the Privy Council, to order ‘ Lordihip well underflood; and, for that they his Enlargement, upon‘ his giving Security for ‘ had, at this prefent Time, Ships ready to go his Forth—coming, whenfoever the Privy Coun- ‘ forth for thofe. Parts, they humbly befeeched cil lhOuld call for him, and that becaufe his Wife " his Lordfhip to procure her Majel’cy’s Refolué lay at that Time very much indifpofed; they ‘ tion therein, before the fame Ships departed hoping, that by this gentle Ufage, th?’ fhould at ‘ for the better Direftion of their Affairs there?" length prevail with him. To which upplicatory ‘ And fo humbly befeeching him to fiand their. Letter the Mayor, and tWelve more, fubfcribed ‘ good Lord herein, and craving Pardon far this their Names -, after this Manner lhewing their ‘ their Boldnefs, they hUmbly took their LeaVes. Deference to the Qaeen, as well as Interceflion S bf . V for their Brother: u embed by Edward 0/50””. 660728 36mm"; ‘ TheMayor ‘ Right Honourable, our Very good Lords: [gatiifd 124mg”. Mam)” Colt/aorpe. 70/9” and Alder- c How acceptable a Thing it might be unto us, S“ .7]: ”Rf/:4”- WWW-WWW 7790‘ $9" to. the ‘ by any oood Means, to reduce our Brother, Al- ma: ”m ‘ 1‘ “M Ma)" [aw/MM, Signor; ouncrl for D A. . - i _ - . - . . his Enlarge. 2 derman Skinner, to conform himfelf unto your King 7mm tire Fir/i, near the Beginning-of his A Supply menc, ‘ Honours Proceedings, it may be your Lord- Reign, was appre'henfive of a‘Reb'ellion' in the g’.a’.“°d‘° _ < fhips, by our often and humble Motions, might North of Ireland; when the Citizens of London fea- liln%..-7””;“, < rightly judge. And yet, in that we are per— fOnably fupplied him with 200061. for his Iri/b' 3:14;? ’ o; c fuaded, nothing may f0 foon inform him in Affairs. It Was in the Month of f7u/y, 1609, or ‘ the Confideration of his Obedience, proceeding 1610, that that King offered the Lord Mayor 19- HOW'S < from your Lordihips in the Time of this his and Citizens a Poffeliion and Plantation of Eng; Abridgménfu ‘ rel’trained Liberty: We have therefore thought Zi/I’amm, in the Province of Ulfler : Accordingly '4 good, prefuming upon your Honourable Fa— they advifed themfelves therein, and -in flugufl lay the Fault and Blame on fuch as committed the fame. And f0, befeeching his good Lord- ihip to receive in good Part what his good Will and dutiful Pains had accomplifhed here- 'in, he humbly took his Leave. Dated at Lori: doe, the 15th of November, I 588.’ Not long after I find one of the Aldermen, viz. Alderman Skinner, in Hold for Difobedience to C s r. c C e < t r. c e c ‘- c c c C ,i C c E ‘, ‘_ t vours, and tendering the Good of our faid Bro- ther, to. become humble Suitors unto your good Lordfliips; befeeching the fame to be f0 gra- cioufly pleafed, as, upon Security and Pledges for his Forth—coming, he may be enlarged out of Prifon for fome convenient Time, to your Lordlhips thought good: And the rather we are to befeech and intreat the fame, in that the Gentlewoman, his forrowful Wife, overcharged with inward Grief, is at this prefent yery fick, and in what Peril we know not -, to whom the Prefence of her Hulband would be, no Doubt, a {ingular Comfort and Relief: Howbeit, if, upon this f0 great and more than ordinary a Favour granted by your Lordfhips, at our hum- ble Suit, he may not be won to that Obedience and Conformity by us his Brethren, and other good Friends, as may ltand with Regard to his Duty to her Majcfiy and your Lordihips, then to yield and fubmit himfelf Prifoner again at N“ h "i 1‘ l‘ I‘ B h<fi fl 8‘ i" l‘ h a H 6 A them. Such a Requei’t Alderman Marlyn made to the Lord-Treafurer, in the Name of himfelf,’ and other Aldermen and Merchants trading to Tier/fey, in the Year 1584., for a conliderable Weight of Bullion in the Tower, their Ships be- ing now ready to fail : Which Reqtiei’t they fe4 conded with their Letter to the faid Lord, writ" in February, ‘ That he would pleafe to tinder; they fent four expert and difcreet Perfons,‘ ac« companied and direéted by Sir, Thomas Philips, as the Lords of the Council had appointed, to fur- vey that Province, and to obferve the Profits; with the State and Condition thereof, and tore- port what Ruins were to be repaired, and What Cities, Caftles, and Towns, were prefently to be. built. When thefe four SurireyOrs were returnm ed, they certified the true State thereof, and of. the Commodities, HOnour, and Credit, that was" likely thereby to accrile to the City 5 And f0 they T‘hcjynflg refolved to agree to the King’s Offer, and leVied CoumY~‘ the forefaid Sum. And, by Virtue of an Act of Common-Council, they con‘itituted twenty~four Committees, confif’ting of fix Aldermen and eighteen Commoners -,‘ the two Chief Were Called the Governor and Deputy ; all‘which to be cho- ‘_ fen every Year, and to ha‘Ve all Power and Au: thority to order and difpofe all Matters", for Plan; . cation, Traffic, Rule, and Government, in that~ 4 , O - ' ' northern- 328 The Succefs of the City’s Plantation in Ireland. E. How’s Abridgment. Honourahle Citizens. Sir Thomas Greiham. ' northern Part of Ireland. On the 14th of Febru— ary, they made Publication thereof, fignifying un- to all Handicrafts Men that would go thither, that they fhould have prefent Entertainment and Employment in this Expedition, and their full Wages, with their DWelling-Houfes, and other good Means, for the Maintenance of themfelves and their Families. Upon Knowledge whereof, there came abOut three Hundred Perfons, who were prefently fitted and furnifhed with all Things neceffary, and with all convenient Speed were fent to Uljler -,‘ and f0 this Expedition proved profpe- rous, Alderman Coehain being the firf’t Governor. But to give fome further Account, how this weighty Bufinefs proceeded. There were, foon af- ter, many Negleéts and Abufes about this Plan- tation, which the King taking Notice of, in the Year 1613, intimated at Greenwich unto the Go- vernor, and divers Aldermen and Citizens, be- ing of the Committees. And, at a great Com- mon—Council upon lVlidfnmmer-Day, Sir Henry Moantagne, the King’s Serjeant at Law, came un-’ to them from the King, and declared unto them the Errors in the due Profecution of this pur— pofed Plantation : And that it was his Majeity’s Pleafure, that they fhould forthwith fend over fome of themfelves, and ordain a better and more {peedy Courfe in this Plantation ; that is, for Planting, F ortifying, Conf’tituting, Governing, and Building, and to take exaét Survey of all Places, and all Perfons and Expences, to be em- ployed in this weighty Bufinefs. Upon this Mef- fa‘ge from the King, the Lord Mayor, and Citi- zens, fent over thither one Alderman, viz. George Smithes, and one Commoner ; and the Governor and Committees fent alfo, to aid them in their Negotiation, Captain Panton, a Citizen, an excel- lent Soldier, to give his Direétion in F ortificati~ on, and one Sent/oer, a fkilful Man, for a Survey- or of the Buildings, andlone Mofle, a Sollicitor of London, to be their Secretary. Thefe embarked for Ireland, and arrived at Dahlia, and thence went to the Province of Ul/ler, where they fur- veyed the chief Cities belonging to their Planta- tion, viz. the Cities of London-Derry and Cole- raz'ne, with the Situation and Fortifications there- of, and examined what Offices and Officers had been formerly conf’tituted, and which were fit to be continued or changed, and to fettle the bei’t Courfe ’ for Commerce with good Government in Peace and War : And, having fpent three Months in thefe Parts, they returned, having ef’tablifhed their Towns, Lands, and Buildings, in the belt Manner the Time would permit -, and made Re- port by Writing unto the Governor and Com- mittees very exaétly, anfwering forty—four Arti— cles of Ini’truétions given them in Charge by the Committees : And alfo they delivered to the Common-Council a Relation in Writing of the whole Matter of their Proceeding in this Bufinefs, ahd their Advices for the Proceedings hereafter, Which the faid Common-Council accepted and approved. Further, in the Year I616, by a fpecial Com- million from the King, and from the City of Lon- don, Peter Prohy, Alderman, and Governor of the new Plantation of the Province of Ul/ler, in Ireland, accompanied with other Citizens appoint- ed, went thither and miniftered the Oath unto all Officers, and others, for the well Government, and making true Accounts. And he carried over with him two rich Swords, whereof one he deli— vered to Sir 7ohn Vaughan, Knt. Mayor of Lon- don—Derry, and the other to Trijlram Berisford, Efq; Mayor of Coleraz'ne, for the Time being, to be borne before them and their Succefi‘ors for e— ver. There was alfo fent unto the Mayor of Lon- don-Derry a great gilded Mace, being fent him from the Governor and Afiiftants of the Planta- 2 Book .1. tion; and, after Mr. Prohy had flayed about a (barter of a Year in thofe Parts, and ordered Matters, he returned back with his Company to London again. It would be endlefs, and, indeed, impofiible, to Citizens of _ give a particular Enumeration of the Citizens of gm“ WWW“ mofl: Note for Wealth 5 let it fuffice to take No- fwd H‘mW“ tice of a few, who were not only wealthy, but employed by their Princes, and advanced to great Honour. . Sir Michael de la Pole, created, by King Richard Sir .Mirhae/df the Second, Earl of Sufolh, and confiituted Lord I“ P ”1"- , Chancellor of England, was the Son of a Merchant of London. ' Sir William FitzJ/Villiams, a Merchant-Taylor, Sir W’il'iom fometime Sheriff of London, was preferred firit to £11th ‘7‘ Cardinal Wolfey’s Houfhold, and afterwards Privy 1mm" Counfellor to King Henry the Eighth, Treafurer of his Houfhold, and Lord Admiral of England, and advanced to the Title of Earl of Southampton. Sir john Allen, Lord Mayor of the City, a Man Sir 70/3,, 11. of great Wifdom, the fame King Henry the Eighth It”. made one of his Privy Council. ' Sir Thomas Grey/Jain, Mercer, famous and well Sir Thoma: known to Poiterity, for that noble Ufe he made Get/5w?!- of his great Riches in Building the Royal Exchange, and Founding a College out of his own Home, for profefling the liberal Arts and Sciences. This lVIan, King Edward the Sixth, Qieen Mary, and The @een’s ween Elifaheth, employed as their Agent Abroad, Agent?“ 1W" efpecially at Antwerp, where he had been a Mer- ”’3‘ chant ; but, chiefly, he was Qieen Elifizheth’s Faétor unto the Year 1570. In the Year 1566, in the Month of Augn/t, he was fent over to Ant- werp, to take up Money for the (lueen, and took up 146671. 6 s. 8 d. Flernzjh, payable at Antwerp, the 20th of Fehrnary following : And there was prolongued, from the 20th ofAugu/i‘, the Sum of 343851. 13 5. 4d. Flemi/h, due then from the- Qxeen, and payable the 20th of February 5 which Sums together, in the Whole, were about 490531. And, in Deeernher, the fame Year, there was ano- ther Debt of the Qieen’s prolonged, being the Sum of 8 5 32,1. Elena/h, for fix Months. And whereas the (Amen had for a good While followed the Praétice of taking up Money Abroad of Strangers, as King Edward and Qleen Mary had done before her, he perfuaded her to take up the Money {he needed of her own Merchants, which would be both for her Honour, and for" the Benefit of them, while fhe allowed them the fame Confideration fhe had done Strangers before. And Gre/ham’s Honour will always remain, for His excellent this excellent Counfel, and for another Advice, Counfelto in the Year 1569, when the (been and her Trea— allege“ {0‘ furer were in a Great Plunore when fhe owed a mg Up a o ’ Money. much Money, and had Need of more, and knew not whence to have it, but from the rich Bankers of Antwerp, and all Correfpondence with that City was now broke off, by Duke D’Alva’s Go- vernance of the Low—Countries. The Engli/h there— fore were now carrying away their Effeéts and Trade to Hamhnrgh. Secretary Cecil, who now managed the Exchequer, feared, that the Merchants Humbug/'1 fhould not have Money enough to carry on the Merchanm Trade, as they would have had, ifallwere open with Antwerp : And the Queen owing much Money to the Merchants, and to her Creditors Abroad, {he intended, out of the Cuf’toms of Cloth, to have repaid them; which fhe feared therefore would fall _fhort, the Trade being removed to a new Place. Thefe Doubts the Secretary imparted to Sir Tho- mas (ire/loam; who, knowing well the State of Trade, and of the Merchants, told the Secretary, that, in his Opinion, he needed not to make any Doubt of that feeming Difficulty, viz. of the ueen’s Payment of her Creditors, if {he faw her Merchants well paid in London their firfi‘ Payment, which was Half of her Debt to them ; for, by that Time Chap. x‘xxr. Time the other Money fliould be payable here to her {aid Merchants, they fhould have both Plen- ty of Money at Homburgh, and here. He alTured him, the Goods that our Merchants had {hipped from Hamhurgh hither, were well worth 1000001. and better : And the Shipping that they made now hence with our Commodities, was richly worth 2000001. and better. For that there would be above 300001. Worth of Cloaths; the Cuf— tom whereof would be worth to the Qieen, at the leaft, 10000 1. which would difcharge, he laid, that Debt, if the Qieen pleafed. And where- as the Secretary’s greatefi: Care was, that our Mer- chants ihould not have Money enough for to buy up our Commodities, Grcfhom told him, he need- ed not doubt of it, confidering the great Vent they had at Honohurgh already, and were like to have. , ' Therefore he humbly befeeched the Secretary, for the Stay and Advancing of the Qieen’s Cre- dit, that this fmall Payment, agreed upon alrea— dy at Homhurgh, might be paid, confidering that he had written before to the {aid Creditors, that they fhould have a Payment made there now this Horrottmh/o CtifliZEItf. Sir Baptil’t Hickes; Counfel to the (keen for procuring Money, arid keeping up her Credit among the Kingdoms and Princes of the World 5 and his own Aflii’tance of her With confiderable Treafure, with Refpeét to this critical Year 1569, when the Qieen {cem- ed to be in a very great Plunge for Money.- One Regio, a Genoa/e Merchant, had now in the (Qieen’s Hand, in the Tower, 20 or 30000 Du- cats, and much more with other of his Friends in London. This Grey/mm knowing, perfuaded the Secretary, that this Money, pertaining to Mer- chants, fhould be put to the Ufe of fome Profit, as to mint it into her own Coin, whereby {he would be a Gainer 3 or 4000 l. and enrich her Realm with f0 much fine Silver: And, for the Repair thereof, flie might pay it by the Way of Exchange, or otlierwiie, to her great Profit; as alfo {he might take it up of the faid Merchants upon Interelt, upon the Bonds accuf’to'rned, for a Year or two, which he thought they would be’ right glad of : And ft), with the faid Money, {he might pay her Debts both here and in Flanders, to her great Honour and Credit throughout all Chri/tmdom. am dugufl; which Payment, he faid, w0uld not a little advance her Highnefs’s Honour and Credit. And, how much her Highnefs’s Credit had flood her in Stead beyond the Seas for ready Money, it And, for his own particular Supply of the H r "d‘ K " Qieen, at this Time of Need, in Septemher, he or— SaikzlbeSphf dered Hugh Clowghe, his Servant, to deliver, by ”’75 Ryals ‘0 Weight, fiVe Sacks of new Spring/Z; Ryals, at the 33:12:23: Was now too tedious and long a Matter to trou- ble him withal. But that if he were able to per- fuade the ween’s Majefity, and him [the Secre- tary] he would have that Matter, above all other Things, cared for 2 Affuring him, that he did know for certain, that the Duke D’fll'va was more troubled with the Qieen’s great Credit, and with the Vent of her Commodities at Homhurgh, than he was with any Thing elfe, and qua/ted for Fear, as Grq/hom e‘xprefl'ed it; which, as he faid, was one of the chiefef’t Things that let and hindered, that the Duke could not come by the Tenth-Pen- ny that he then demanded, for the Sale of all Goods any Kind of Way in the Low-Countries ; which, Giro/ham believed, would be his utter Un- doing. He advifed, therefore, that the Oxueen would in this Time ufe no Strangers, but her ownSubje/Ets -, whereby he and all other Princes might fee, what a Prince of Power {he was. And by this Means there was no Doubt, but that her Highnefs {hould caufe the Duke of 141714 to know himfelf, and to make that End with the Low» Countries, that her Majei’ty would herfelf, what Reportfoever was there fpread Abroad to the con- tra . ' hynd feeing he was entered f0 far, as he pro- ceeded with the Secretary, concerning the Qieen’s Credit beyond the Seas, wherein he had travailed thefe twenty Years, he added, that, by Experience in ufing our own Merchants, he found great Ho— nour accrued to the Prince, and alfo great Profit to the Merchants, and to the whole Realm, what— foever fome of the Merchants faid to the contra— ry: For when our Prince owed her own mere Merchants 60 or 800001. then they knew them- felves, and were daily ready to ferve as good and as cheap as Strangers did, which he would with a- gain, in fuch Time of Extremity, to be ufed, for that he knew our Merchants were able to do it, becaufe the Debt is divided into many Men’s Hands, and by no Means can hinder them, ha- ving Interel’t. This was the wife Policy’and Ad- vice Sir Thomas Graham once gave the Qieen, at a very critical Junéture, as any happened in her Reign. And, meeting with fuch a choice Remain of this brave London Merchant, I could nOt but, for his lafliing Honour, publiih it in this Place, though fomewhat long. } And, having faid all this, let me fay a little more of this eminent Merchant, in Regard of his Tower, to Mr. Stanley of the Mitt, to be coined for the Ufe of the Qieen, and to be done at Se; ven o’Clock in the Morning, for the more Se- crecy: Which five Sacks weighed nine Hundred». feventy-two Pounds eleven Ounces, at 4,5. 10d. Farthing the Ounce. . To this rich and ufeful Commoner, in the Be~ ginning of Qieen Elifoheth’s Time, a Mercer, I will afibciate another wealthy Commoner, to- wards the End of her Time, and in the Begin- ing of King 74mg: the Fir/t, namely, Sir Bapté/l Sir Bafirzfl Hither, Son of Rohert Hit/res, a Mercer alfo, keep- Hither. Merl?“ ing a Shop in Choopflde, of whom fome Mention cc" was made before, at Soper—lom End, at the White Bear, and of j’ulz'om, Daughter and Heirefs of flrthm‘ do Clophom, in Comitat. Somerfet. This Bopti/t, upon King 7omer’s Coming in, was fworn his} Servant, /17mo 1603, and foon knighted; and, before his Death, was created Vifcount Compa’m. He fupplied the Court with Silks, and rich mercery Wares, when King farms, with his bare Scotch Nobility and Gentry, came in : By which Means he got a great Eftate. He was one of the firi’t Citizens, that after KnighthoOd kept their Shops. But, being char: ged with it by fome of the Aldermen, he gave this Anfwer for it i That his Servants kept the Shop, though he had a Regard to the fpecial Credit thereof : And that he did not liVe altoges ther upon the Interef’t, as moi’t of the Aldermen-- Knights did, laying afide their Trade afterKnighv hood: And that, had two of his Servants kept their Promife, and Articles concluded between them and him, he had been free of his Shop two Years paft; and did then but feek a fit Oppor— tunity to leave the fame. This Was in the Year 1607. He had a Conteft with the Aldermen of the Ci-" ty knighted, for Precedency, {handing upon his Anciency of Knighthood ; and the Matter came at laf’t to the Court Mar/ho! of England,- to be de- cided. He had two Daughters, Heirefl‘es, who, as is reported, were worth 1000001. a—piece. ' One married Noel Vifcount Comprieit, and was Lady Compden ; and died not many Years ago, living to a great Age, in great Splendor and good Report, for her Virtties, Charity, and Hofpitalis ty, in Rational/hire. The other Daughter, Margy, married Sir Charles l . Mari: 39 . Worthy Mayors. Mort/on; of Hertfbrd/hire; and, from an Heirefs of that Family, the Eltate is now come into the honourable Houfe of the Capels. - His Monument remains in the Church ofCamp- den, in Gloueeyteijhire, that gave him his Title, with his Lady’s, who ereéted the fame; which fpecifying his Rife, and good Deeds, in the Epi- taph, may deferve a Place here : . T o the Memory of her dearefl and deeeafiad Hufhan’d, Baptil‘t Lord Hickes, I/zfeount. Campden, h‘orn - of a worthy Family in the City of London -, who, hy the Bleflng of God on his ingenuous Endeavo‘urs, are/e to an ample Eflate, and to the fore/aid De— ' grees of Honour : 11nd,.out of thofe Blefings, dif- pofed to eharitahle Ufes, in his Life—time, a large Portion, to the Value of 100001. who lived re- ligioufly, virtuoufly, and generoufl , to the Age of Seventy—eight Tears, and died Ottober the I 8th, 1629. ' Elizabeth Vifeountefs Campden, his dear Confort, horn of the Family of the Maye’s,’ lived with him his Wife, in all Peace and Contentment, the Space of Forty—five 2" ears -, leaving We, hy her faid Lord and Ila/hand,- two Daughters -, Juliana, married to Edward Lord Noel, now Vifeount Campden, and Mary, married to Sir Charles .Morifon, Knt. and Baronet, hath piou/ly and carefully tau/ed this Monument to he erefled, as a Tejtimony of their , mutual Love, where hoth their Bodies may reflL to- _. gether, in Expettation of a joyful Refurreflion. But now‘to proceed to his Charities] A hrief Rememhrahee of fueh nohle and eharitahle , Deeds, as have .heen done hy the late Right Hon. ~ Baptii‘t Lord Hickes, Vifeount Campden, as well '_ in his Life, as at his Death -, recorded to the Glo- ry of God, his lawn Honour, and good Example of others. Good Deeds done to the Town of Campden, in the County of Glouee/ter. ' E built an Alms—houfe, or Hofpital, for fix poor Men, and fix poor Women, which coil; 10001. Since the Year of the Foundation of the faid Alms-houi'e, to wit, 1612, he hath allowed the {aid twelve poor People weekly Maintenance, to the Value 051300 1. and, at his Death, he hath fettled 14.0 I. per A’nnum, for ever, upon the faid Alms-houfe, allowing to each of the {aid poor Penfioners 3 5. 4d. weekly -, and, yearly, a Gown, a Hat, and a Ton of Coals. ' He built a commodious Market-houfe in the {aid Town, which colt 90 1. By his lal‘t Will, (he gave to the faid Town, for the Setting of the Poor to Work, a Stock of 5001. To the Church of Campden. _ He gave a Bell, which cof’t 661. He caufed a Pulpit to be made, and gave a Cloth and Cufhion thereto, which colt 22 l. He built a Gallery there, which coil 8 l.' . He made a Window, which cof’t I 3 1. He gave a Brafs Falcon, which col’t 261. He gave two Communion Cups, which cof’t 21 . He built the Roof of the Chancel, and new leaded it, which colt 2001. He repaired the Chapel by the faid Chancel, fupplied and new-cal”: the Leads, which coi’t 201. He repaired and adorned the Chapel of Hamp- flead, which colt 76 l. - ‘ He cauf'ed a Window to be let up in'the Chan— cel 10f Kenfington, and‘»beautified it, which colt 30 . ' - ~ :He hath given, by his lai’t Will, tothe {aid Town of Kenflngton, to be employed for the Bene- fit of the Poor, the Sum of 2001. S In the City of London. He hath given, by his lait Will, to St.,Bartholo-’ mew’s Hofpital, 100 1. To Chrifl’s-Chareh Hof- pital, 50 l.- To Newgate, ‘Ludgate, and the two other Prifons of the 'Comfiters, 40 1. He ereé‘ted a Window in St. Lawrence’s Church—in the Old j‘ew- ry,‘ and gave a Pulpit—Cloth, and a Cufhion alfo, which cof’t 301. Impropriations‘ parehafed, and lie/lowed upon the: Chureh. One in Pernhrohe/hire, to be given to the Town of Tewh/hury, in Gloueefler/hire, whereof one Moi- ety goeth to the Preacher, and the other Moiety ‘ to the Poor, which cof’t 4601.- Another in Northumherland, whereof one Moi- ety is to be given towards the Maintenance of an able Preacher in [damp/lead, the other Moiety to St. Paul’s School in London, towards the Mainte- nance of certain Scholars in Trinity—College in Cam- hridge, which colt 7601.- One in the» Bifhopric of Durham, to be be- {towed on fulch Churches as {hall have mol’t Need thereof, according to the Difpofition of the Su- pervifors, which col’t 3661. Another in Der/Et/hire, to be bellow-ed in the like Manner, which col’t 7601. ,. Certain Chantry Lands alfo in Lincoln/hire, which colt 2401. He hath alfo given to two Minif’ters, to be cho- fen out of _‘7efus College in Oxford, to ferve in their‘ feveral Places, 401. each Man per Annum, which colt 8001. He hath bequeathed Legacies to feveral Mini- Peers, the Sum of I401. He hath given to Mr. .4. E. during his Life, yearly, the Sum of 1001. He hath given, among his Houfhold Servants, the Sum of 3001. One of the wealthiel’c Citizens of later Times, and a great Benefaétor to the Public, particular- ly his Buildings in Grocers-hall, and the College of Phyfleians, fince the great Fire, was Sir 70hn Cut; ler, Knt. Grocer. his only Daughter. He died/{nae I69 3, Edmund Boulter, Efq; being his Kinfman and Executor, who paid the Earl, according to a printed Vin- dication of himfelf, and the Truit repofed in him, 390001. and upwards, being one Half of the Per- fonal Ef’tate, which devolved on the Countefs as her cuftornary Part : The faid Boulter, in Fune- ral Expences, laid out above 76601. a Moiety of which belonged to the Earl to allow out of his Moiety: Befides which, the Earl enjoyed‘the Profit of Lands, with his Countefs, fince her Father’s Death, amounting to 140001. The Earl of Radnor married" Sir ya» can. fer. Bonk ' I. y. S. And here, while I am mentioning particular Relations worthy and wealthy Members of the City, I {hall concerning fome good relate a few Acts and Pafl'ages of fome Mayors in Qleen Elifaheth’s Reign, that fhewed them both wife and good, or ftout, or public-fpirited Citi- zens and Magif’trates. Mayors. He walled round the Church-yard, which c'oi’t Sir ThomasLodge was Mayor, I 563, who fhew~ Sir Thoma: I 50 1. ed himfelf a Magil’trate of good Courage, by this 5:555:53“ - - - PalTage which happened to him in his Mayoralty: f Th . Wit/gm the County of Mlddlefcx' One Edward Skeggs, an unworthy Citizen, who, ehlhegs faith“ He built a Sefiions-houfe for the Jul’tices of for fome Mifdemeanor, loft his Freedom of the the Court. Mddlefex, now commonly called Hiehs’s Hall, to City, but, upon Submiflion, obtained it again, keep their Seflions in, which cofl: 600 I. got to be a Purveyor for the 03cm ; and think- 2 ing, ' I Chap. The Letter from thence to him. 'XXXI. A 6 0 R 0‘ fl 0 fl 0 6 G h n a ’ ing, as it feems, twoffer fome Afi‘rontto the Ci- ty, to make it the more public, feized upon cer— tain of the Mayor’s Provifions, and, out of twen- ty-two Capons for the Mayor’s Table, took twelve for the (Amen, and that with much fawcy Lan- guage, not fit for the chief Magiltrate of the City to receive. Sir Thomas made him i‘ei’tore fix of the twelve he had taken, and threatened him with the biggel’t Pair of Bolts in Newgaz‘e. But away goes Skeggr to the Lord .Steward, then the Earl of flrzmdel, thinking he had Tale enough" now a- gainfi: the City 3 and the faid Lord Steward, and Sir Edward Rogers, the Comptroller of the Houfe— hold, gave too much Ear to an ill. Man’s Com- plaint, and prefently wrote a very angry threaten- ing Letter to the Mayor, compofed in fuch a Stile, that, Ibelieve, feldOm, or never, the like had been . fent to to great and eminent a Magif’trate, and fo immediate under the Crown. It began, and proceeded in this Tenor : ‘ We areadvertifed, that you have much mif- ufed Edward Steggs, Purveyor to the Qteen’s Mouth, in making Provifion for her Highnefs’s own Perfon, as in denying him of Taking of twelve Capons of two and twenty, and, of the. twelve, delivered you fix again, and for his fo doing you gave him ill Words, and threatening him to Newgate; and gave Commandment, the biggei’c Pair‘of Bolts in Newgate Ihould be fet on his Heels; and faid, the Lord Steward, nei— ther the faid Skeggr,‘ Ihould haVC none of you for the (Lueen’s Majel’ty: And further faid to him, if he took your Capons any more, you Would fend him to Newgate, and fet on him fo‘ many Ironsl as his Body could bear, calling him Villain. ‘ For the which your Mifdemeanors, for that it is now a contagious Time of Sicknefs, we now forbear to do that, which hereafter we {hall not forget to execute for her Majef’ty’s better Service, and your better Knowledge of your bounden Duty : Charging you, in the mean Time, to permit him, and all others her Maje— i’ty’s Officers, for the Provifion of her Majelty’s molt honourable Houfhold, to do their Duties for the fame: And, if any of them {hall do 0- therwife than to their Duties appertaineth, ad— vertife us thereof, and we fhall hear what may be faid therein ; and, the Matter proved, caufe Reformation and condign Punifhment of the Party offending. fl 6 h a 0 n h A h 0* n a h h ’ ‘ From the Court at Greenwich, the 19th of ‘ j'zdy. ' ' ‘ flrundel. E. Regers.’ The Mayor beinor g prudent, as well as fenfible of his own Qiality, and feeing this Storm hang- ing over him, made what Friends he could at the Court: And, the Plague being then in the City, he duri’t not come himfelf to the Court, to jufti— fy himfelf, but wrote his Letters to two of his Friends, the Lord Reéert Dudley and Secretary Cecil, to acquaint them with the. Matter. That to the latter was to this Purport : ‘ That, upon an untrue Report of the faid Sleeggr, the Lord Steward and Mr. Comptroller had conceived great Difpleafure againi’t him; but he allured the Secretary, that Skeggs’s Re- ports were molt untrue, and his Demeanour f0 intolerable, that, if the fame were duly exa- mined, he would be judged an unfit Man for the Place where he ferved -, as, if the contagi- ous Time were not fuch but that he might re- pair to his Anfwer, it Ihould well appear. And that, if he, and fuch-like, were more to be credi- ted than he [the Mayor] was, he thought him- {elf a far unmeet Man for the Place wherein he ferved. Yet he had fuflicient Witnelfes both of that Man’s intolerable Comparifons and De- ‘ i 6 ‘ C ‘ 6 I. ‘ t l C 6 5 , Worthy Meyers. ‘ meanours, and of his [the Mayor,’s]; Dealings ‘ with him, that he had not feen, forhis Time, that ‘ the Mayor of Landon had been fo dealt with. ‘ He prayed the Secretary to have Confideration ‘ of this his Grief, as it mightcome in Qleftion ‘ thereafter, for their Threatening portended a ‘ Difpleafure to come. What they meant there- ‘ by, he knewnot; but that it feemedvery ftrange, ‘ to be f0 threatened upon the falle Report offd ‘ flender a Perfon; and efpecially, he being of ‘ the City, fo to be borne with againft the State ‘ of the fame, whereat he kicked to, his fimple ‘ Power, becaufe, for his unjufl Dealing, before ‘ he was retained in the’Qleen’s Service, he was ;‘ disfranchifed; and afterwards, upon Suit made,- ‘ reflored again.’ . V . So warily, and yet with fuch a Refpeél: to the Honour of his Oflice‘, did Sir Tbemar Ledge be: have himfelf. ‘ In the Year 1573, there Was a Dearth of Pro- Sir Donal vifions in the City, and in the whole Nation : Sir Lionel Due/tel, Mayor, out of his Care of both City and Nation, wrote to the Lord Treafurer‘of England what the Occafion thereof was 5 namely, that this Scarcity ofButter, Viétuals, and Grain, was through the fecret Tranfporting of them be; yond Sea, both to France and the Low-Countries, where they were then very dear, and that occafi— oned by their Civil Dilfenfions , at this Time ; whence it came‘to pafs, that there was neither fuch Tillage ufed, nor fuch further Provifion made for themfelves as heretofore; which, he faid, would caufe a further Scarcity, and {till raife the Prices higher. He informed the Treafurer further, that many tranfported Grain out of fundry Creeks and Daniel. Dearth of Provifi‘ons. Havens of the Realm: And, becaufe it waxed ' both fcarce and dear about fome of the Coafis, fdme came up higher into the Land to buy Grain : And, as he was informed, that about Ray/lair, Malt rofe 3 s. in a Qiarter, and more, of late, and that chiefly by the Kalli/l.» Men, who came thither to buy it. And, in fine, he fuggel’ted to the faid great Minifter, that, unlefs his Lordfhip, with the reft of the Qieen’s Council, would fee Redrefs in Time, it would be an Occafion of mad king a Scarcity among them too. O This fhews him both a careful and difcreet Ma; gif’trate. , In the Year I581, Sir 747725): Harvey was May: or. In his Time were great Deceits by falfe Weights-,and that not only within the City of London, but in other Cities and Places within the Realm. The Reafon whereof was, becaufe the true Standard, made according to the Statute for the Sizing of all Weights, could not be found; This was heretofore complained of to the Lord T reafurer, who took fome Care for the Reforma- tion thereof , but yet the Abufe continued. This Mayor, therefore, wrote to the faid Lord Trea- furer, to this Purport: ‘ That, for that he was ‘ this Year charged in Confcience, by Reafon of his OfliCe and Oath taken, to fee that F alfhood and Deceit puniihed, he thought it his Duty, not only to remember his Lordfhip thereof, but to befeech him, that he would give him his Courfe to take in the City, for the Reformation thereof.’ Let me alfo leave this good Remembrance of Sir 7790mm Blanke, a Merchant, and Citizen born, Mayor the next Year, 'vz'z. 1582,, which being a Year of Plague in the City, the Lord Treafu- rér had fent an Order to the faid Mayor, to make a Catalogue of all the Vit‘lualling-Houfes in Lone don that were infeéted 3 which Catalogue was to nflflfififlfl Sir yam” Harvey. A Standard for W‘eig‘hts. favourable Help and Advice, what Order or _ Sir 775mm Elem/fr. Plague in Y r A his ea . be fet up, publicly to be read, to the End that , all Strangers, that reforted to London about their Occafions, might avoid Setting up or Lodging at ’ 4 P tilOfc 33?- . thofe Houfes, to prevent their carrying Infeé‘tion into the Country. And fo to .do it, from two Months to two Months. This Sir Thomas Blanké diligently did : And, employing an expert Perfon to draw up this Catalogue, he had fpecial Regard to two Things: The one, to give fuch plain ‘ Defcriptions and Notes of the Streets and Places, as might ferve for eafy Notice to fuch as repaired to the City. The other, this Lift to be fo brief and contraéted, as it might be brought into lefs than one Side of a Sheet to be fixed in Places Convenient. - ' The Mayor prayed the faid Lord to confider Of the proper Places which he thought good to note, having Refpcft to Wis/iminfler, and the Way thereto out of the Liberties, and the Entrance all” Ways into the City. ~ The Mayor put Term Time ufually all the Houfes in Fleet-finer, and the Streets and Lanes adjoining, as alfo with- out Temple-Bar, did ufe Lodging, Viéiualling, ‘ and Letting out of Chambers: Leaving to his ,‘ Lordfhip’s Confideration, whether fuch Houfes, though they were not Viftuallers, lhould not be likewife noted, if they had been infected within the Space of two Months. Then he thanked his Lordfhip for his honour- able and loving Care of the City, in the Matter of the Infection, and the Repair of the Qieen’s Subjeéts thither. And, for his own Fan, he pro- mifed, he would not fail in Diligence according to his Direction. The Slaugh- And whereas, upon a Lord’s Day, a great Num- fiir 3‘; Pa"! ber of Peeple being met for Sport at Paris Gar- 55551; p_ den, all the Scaffolds fell down at once, to the pened on , Slaying and Wounding of a great many People; Sunday. this Mayor pioufly looked upon it as a Judgment of God for Breach of the Lord’s Day, and wrote to the Lord Treafurer to this Tenor: “ That it “ gave great Occafion to acknowledge the Hand “ of God for fuch Abufe of his Saaaatn-Day; and “ moved him in Confcience to befeech his Lord- “ {hip to give Order for Redrefs of fuch Con- “ tempt of God’s Service. And that he had for j that End. treated with fome Jufiices of Peace of “ that County, who fhewed themfelves to have “ very good Zeal, but alledged Want of Com— “ million; which they humbly referred to his ‘ honourable Wifdom. ' ' In his Mayoralty, he, with his Brethren the Al- dermen, and CommonoCouncil, entered upon the Bufinefs of el’tablifhing of Orders for the true and upright Ufe of her Majefiy’s Beam, with the Weights thereto belonging: Which upon Con- tinuance did daily wear, and needed to be re- newed and fized from Time to Time. And, for this End, they were humble Suitors to him to have in Remembrance the great Want the City and the whole Realm found for Lack of Order to fize Weights; whereby the Commonweal, as he wrote, took Detriment, and private Men pre- fumed, without Order, to fell and ufe unlawful Weights both in the City and in the Country, that were accuf’tomed to their Amzing from Lon- don. And this Opportunity the faid Mayor took, becaufe the latter Verdict, touching Weights, was long fince delivered before the Treafurer, and the red of the Court of Exchequer. This Sir Thomas Elan/re was commonly called Tie Goad Knight. He died Anna I 588. Sir Richard Martyn, who was Mayor 1589, was a very wealthy, as well as wife Citizen. He was a Goldfmith, and had the Care of the Qieen’s Mat, being Warden thereof, and made her Plate, and bought her Jewels: VVhereby very great Sums became due to him from her and the Court: Being Mayor, he gave up to the Lord Treafurer an Account of the Debts owing to him, and other of his Expences : And prayed him for . 2 g The @eeh’s Beam and Weights. Sir Rirnam’ Martyn. W ortby Maj/arr. Sir Richard Martyn. him alfo in Mind, how in . Book I.- his honourable Help herein, efpecially at that Time, becaufe of his prefent Charges, and Care of the City’s Affairs. And thefe we're fome of the Particulars brought in by him : Due by the j’awel-Hanfe, 13001. By Pearls for her Majefty, 501. From the Lady Lace/fer, 25001. Lent to the Earl of Leicefler, upon the 1 Manor of Denbz’gb, 550 Due from Mr. Haddlqflan, 1826]. Due by the Earl of Deréy and his Son, 1 200 l. Laid out for Balances and Weights, 6 l by the Lord Treafurer’s Order, 00 ' For the Adventure with Sir Francis Drake in his firf’c Voyage, when he} 20001 went about the World, He ventured alfo with Sir Francis, fince that, to Carthagena, and, be- fore that, with Fenton and I/Villiam Hawkins, Divers other Sums fent in a Memorial ‘ 2. t0 the Treafurer, 60,00l That particular Expence above-mentioned, which he brought in for Balances and Weights, refers to a very good Motion he made to the Treafurer the laf’t Year. There were three Mat- ters of public Concern which he propounded in February, Anna 1588, to the Confideration of the Lord Treafurer, in Relation hereunto. The Firfl: was, the great Inconvenience that Confideratia' grew to the Qieen’s Subjeéts, and the whole 0’“ Elodb Realm, by Reafon that the Treafures of- Gold giufiifbm; and Silver paired then without Weighing, con- Many, to the trary to her exprefs Proclamation in that Behalf: Treafurgr a- Which, he faid, was the Occafion of bringing ”$31739” in by Merchant Strangers of much light, falfe, 3:65., at and counterfeited Gold Monies, and of the Coun- ' terfeiting of much within the Realm; befides Clipping, Sealing, and Wafhing; as lately had been done in Weflmz'nfler, where four Shillings of the Pound was taken away by Clipping, and yet the Gold, fo clipped, uttered at the ordinary Value, as good and lawful. And alfo the Mer- chant Strangers, perceiving a great Advantage in it to themfelves, to the intolerable Lofs of the Realm, did ufe, upon the Coining and Delivery of all heavy and fine Gold from her Majefty’s Mint, to get the greateft Part of it into their Hands, and ‘tranfport it out of the Realm; and inf’tead thereof bring in again that which was either light, or elfe falfe and counterfeit. And, befides, the Clippers, Sealers, and Walhers, and fuch-like Praé‘tifers, chofe and weighed out a great Part of the heaviel’t to make their Gains thereof by their unlawful Praftices to the Hin- drance of the Commonweal. And albeit her Ma~ jefty’s Proclamation, publifhed for the Redrefs of thofe Abufes, did exprefsly forbid the Taking and Delivery in Payment of any counterfeit Gold, or any Piece of Gold embafed, or lacking of the juft Weight over the Remedies fet down by the Pro- clamation : And albeit, as Warden of the Mint, according to the Qieen’s Commandment, and the Proclamation, he had made ready a convenient Number of Balances and Weights, having dif—‘p burfed above fix Hundred Pounds for the fame, as well of every Piece of lawful Gold, as of the Remedies and Abatements, and firicken them with an E crowned -, having, ever fince the Pro- clamation, had them ready to be delivered at thofe Prices, which the Lord Treafurer had rated and ublifhed, as the Proclamation appointed: And albeit alfo her Majefiy by the Proclama- tion had appointed the chief Oflicers of every good Town to have one Pair of the faid Balan-' ces and Weights, at his, the Warden’s, Hands, marked, as aforefaid, for every of their Towns, and had forbidden the Ufe of any other Weiglfits' or ‘ for Gold amongfl: any of her Subjeé‘ts, than only thofe of the making and liz'ing of him, the faid Warden of her Majefiy’s Mint, or his Deputies ; Yet notwithflanding the faid Balances and Weights, that he had thus made, fized, and mark ed, remained, and lay in his Hands; and; only a very few had been fetched away by thofe Officers, and other Subjeéts. But the Coins of Gold f’till palfed in Payment withoutWeighing, to the: great Prejudice of the whole Realm. . g . ‘7 For the Remedy of thefe Abufes he judged it convenient, that fome Provifion and Law were fet down at the Parliament then in Being for the Effeéting of the Proclamation. And, forafmnch as Laws, without Overfeers to fee them kept, were to fmall, or no Efi'eét, that therefore the Warden of the .Mz'nts within London, and the Sub- urbs, fhould have Authority to overfee, that the fame be kept and obferved there: And that all other Weights and Grains, ufed againf’t the Mean- ing of the Proclamation, fhould be rejecied and forfeited -, and the Offenders punifhed by Impri- - fonment, and Penalty limited. And alfo, that the faid Warden, and fuch of the Mint, and his De- puties, as he fhould think meet, fhould have Au- thority to enquire, examine, fearch, and find out the Offenders, in tranfporting her Majefly’s Coin and Bullion of Gold and Silver out of the Realm; and to caufe the Laws in that Behalf to be exe- cuted upon them; and the Forfeitures growing thereof to redound to the faid Warden and Ofli- cers, for their Pains. The fecond Matter, propounded‘ to the Trea- furer by Sir Richard Martyn to be confidered and remembered, was, that whereas her Majefty had fet forth a Proclamation for the El’tablifhing of the Standard prefented to him by the late Jury; the one for the TroyWeights, which were to be ufecl only for Weighing of Gold, Silver, Bread, and E- leétuaries -, and the other for the Avoirdupoife Weights, ufed for theWeighing of Spices, and all other Things vendible by Weight: Both the which Sorts of Weights were jufily fized, and marked with dif’tinét Marks, according to that Proclama- tion, and remained in the Exchequer of Wee/train- fler, as her Majef’ty’s approved Standards, to fize and reform all other Weights by: And by the Proclamation the Mint, the Clerk of the Market, and the Chief of every Town, named in the Sta- tute for Weights enaéted in the eleventh Year of King Henry VII, were appointed to provide and fetch Standards conformable to thofe out of the Exchequer : And thereby to caufe the like to be ufed in every good Town of England and Wales, and either to deltroy all others varying from them, or to reform them‘to thefe: The which Standards had been delivered out to the Mat in the Tower of London, to the Chamber of London, the Clerk of the Market, and other appointed Places: So that there ought to be no other Weights ufed, than ac- cording to thefe Standards: , Now forafmuch as it was greatly to be feared, and mol’t certain, that, for Want of good Over- fight to the Obfervation of the Proclamation, di— , ' Behalf. vers Perfons ufed hard Confciencein ufing the old W eights unreformed; becaufe, the old Standard and Weights of Troy being lighter than the new, they kept the old Standard thereof to fell by, and . ' he was unwilling to bear ; confidering that Place I of Service, wherein it hath pleafed God to place" . him, and the good Opinion and Favour their Ho: the new, being the heavier, to buy by : And, the old Standard and Weights of the Avoirdupoife being much heavier than the new, they kept the old thereof to buy by, and the new to fell by ; and f0 fraudulently bought by one, and fold by another, to the manifei’t Robbery of the Subjeéts, and to the great Gain of the Offenders, againft God’s Law, and the manifef’t Intent of her Ma- jefty’s Proclamation. Therefore, for the Exercife of jult Weights a- greeable to her Majefiy’s approved Standards, and l l i the Lords privy thereto. ' lVort/g/ -Mayarfr "Jig’r’ Aboiifhing‘ of alfo’tfiérs, he thought it conifenienf, v thatfome Law orlederiihight b’e fe't down for the receivmg and, ufingrth‘efe approved Standards 3 as lfl‘ia likeCafe Waszm‘ade in the eleventh Year of» King Henry VIflrf'And that the Warden of the ‘Mnt by h‘imfelf, :or his Dep‘Utie‘s, might have Authority in London; and thereabouts, to fearch and .punifh the Offenders, and take as'Fo’rfeit all , Weightsufed contrary to the Law; And the Clerk of the Market, as to his Oflice appertaineth, and fome'other to whom it. may appertain, to have the like Charge in other Places. 'The third Matter wasthis, that there- Was :7 falfe, Weight ufed in the Realm to the great Lofs ofqthe Nobility andkSubjeEts, that ufed all Kinds oft-gold Lace,.go;l'd' Wire, and diveir‘s other the like ; the which was.made' by the Gold-heaters, whofe Ounce weighednot above three 'erters of an Ounce of Troy Weight,; and the Poun‘dWeight not above nine Ounce‘s :' Which Was a mere De" ceit for their private Gain, and far theAdvantage of the Strangers that brought the fame out of f0: reign Countries. A Matter in his Judgment want- ing Reformation. Such a Care was there in this Magiflrate of the public Good. 3 ‘ In the Year 1590, Sir yohn fillet Was Mayor: A Man fo juf‘c and honefi in all his Aftions, and who had ever been of fo unbl‘emilh‘edua Reputa- tion, that he would not endureto‘havez the leaf’t , Refleéiion made upon him: And efpecially, being Mayor, his Care Was, that not: anyzevi‘l Surmifeis fhould be fpread of him. 'Which' made him once complain and" appeal to'the Lords of the Council upon a falfe Report 'raifed on him by one Mr. fl/hley, a Courtier. The Cafe Was this: The Lords direéted their Letters to the faid Mayor for the appointing of fur Butchers within the City for the heXt Lent; and another in Favour of the faid ’ fl/hley to' appoint four of them: So there Were left ' but two for the Mayor to appoint. And the Arch; bifhop of Canterbury, the Lord Buekhurfl, the Lord Cohham, the Earl of Eflex, the Earl of Ormond; Sir Thomas Heneage, and others, had feverally writ-'- ten to him in Favour of divers meet Men for that? Purpofe: Whofe Requef’ts he promifed to accom- plifh, to his Power. It appears‘hence, that the Mayor had a hard Game to play, viz. for him to fatisfy all thefe Noblemen in appointing as many Butchers as they recommended, and yet having but two at his own Difpofe. Therefore he thought to Ray Proceedings therein, before he had made But, upon his Adver-S tifement of it, the Lords neverthelefs continued their Minds towards Mr. A/hley for his Appoint¢ ment of four of the fix; whofe Pleafure the Lord Mayor fubmitted to. But fl/hley, though he had his Will, yet, upon fome Difpleafure conceived hereby, or fome other ill Purpofe toward thd Mayor, had in the Prefence of the‘ Lords in a flanderous Manner conf’tantly affirmed, that he! had received thirty Pounds for the Admittance of one Butcher; and that he had caufed fome Butch- ers, by whom he meant to make his Profit, to procure fome Noblemen to write to him in that? Thefe Reports, as they were mof’t falfe, he, being a Perfon ester of great Integrity, could not bear: But petitioned the Lords, and faid; that this Report, being molt untrue and flanderous, nours had ever, he truf’ted, conceiVed of his plain and upright Dealing; and that Shame that fhould grow to him in the City, where he had. lived all , his Life an honefl: Man ; his humble Suit therefore ‘ unto the Lords was, that, in Regard of his InnoA ‘ cency in this Matter, they would caufe, by fomo' Way as fhould feem good to them, the faid flanw derous Reports to be examined, that his Innocency ' might? Sir 7a., AIM appoints Bfiti chers in Lent. 334 might appear to their Lordfh‘ips, and his good Name be fomewh‘at rel’tored, to his Credit and Comfort. Thus he, like a:good and {tout Ma- gifirate and Citizen, louvalued himfelf for his Inte- grity, that he. required a [Vindication of his good Name beforethe molt Honourable Privy Council, where he hadbeen traciuced. 7 ~ Sir 7gb” Hm, One l/Vz'llz'am Harris, in this Year 1 590, endear {tops aPatent voured to. get a Patent for theSearch and {Allow- for ”d- a ance of all the Seacoal, that was to pafs out of‘the Realm. Sir 7obn Hart, Mayor,.vimmediately.be- fore flllot abovefaid, apprehended this to be of little Ufe, and IDCTClYIfOY the? faid Harm’s own Ends: For he was to h‘aveTwelve- pence a Chal~ dron. 7 Whereupdn, like aPlublick-fpirited.Ma- gil’trate, he {eafbnably applied himfelf to the Lord Treafurer to atopthe‘ Patent. The Suit'was com~ mended under. divers Pretences of a public Be- ;nefit, but the End‘wasnothing elfe, as appeared by the Patent, .but’a'new Impofition of Twelve- Pence upon every Chaldron’of Coals that Ihould be tranfported‘ for a private Man’s Advantage. For the Inconvenience that would arife hence to the City, and others whom it might concern, 'he prayed the Treafurer to make Stay of this Patent, . and to inform her Highnefs of the Inconveniences, . ' as to his Lordihip {hould feem meet.] W15,1r and Now, befides the Wealth and Honour many Faithfulnefs Aldermen and other Citizens have attained, to, “Pine“- the City'hath jul’tly acquired Luf’trc and Glory from feveral notable 'Tel’timoni‘es of their Loyalty and Fidelity to their Princes. 3 Of .their Love to Qieen ElifaoetloI will give fome Inl’tances : 'Septemberrthe «7th, 1586’, being her Birth-Day, in the Morning, all the Bells of London rang for Joy; and there was great Feaf’t- ing, efpecially at Supper, the Citizens concluding the Day with all the Gladnefs imaginable. And the rather, for that this Year I 586 was difcovered a very defperate Plot againf’t her Life and Govern- ment by bigotted Papif’ts, wherein Mar)l Qieen of Scots was concerned. And, as many of the No- bility andGentry had the Year before entered into a voluntary Alfociation under their Hands and Seals to revenge the Qieen’s Death, fo this Year thefe Matters :made the Parliament confirm it by Act. Which in a Speech to the Parliament fhe took particular Notice of; looking upon it as a Miracle, that, after twenty-eight Years Reign, her Subjects good Will and Affection to her was the fame, if not greater than at firl’t. At this very Time feveral Traitors were to be tried, as Babing- ton and others, about the Scots Qieen. The At- torney-General fent his Man to the Recorder to fet his Hand and Seal unto a Warrant to fummon a Qiei’c of Enquiry to appear the next Day at Weflf :nz'n/ler'Hall -, whereupon the faid Recorder wrote in a Letter to the Court, that, when the Citizens lhould hear of it, they would like of it very well, for all their Cry was unanimous, that Jufiice might be done upon thefe Traitors. And, when Thomas Elan/re was to be fworn Mayor, which was in the Year 1582, the Citi- zens minding to take this Opportunity to exprefs their Love and Loyalty towards their Qieen, when the Mayor Elect was prefented to her in a great Appearance of Aldermen and other Citi- zens, Fleetwood, the Recorder, as their Mouth, made an eloquent Speech to her, abounding in her Praifes, but chiefly for her Care of Religion fo much undermined by Papif’ts. This Speech, HcrAnfwer. {he anfwered, that fhe took in very good Part, only, {he laid, that he had given her more Praifes than {he deferved. Though indeed he had faid nothing but truly and jui’tly, and as it was indeed; as he ferioufly told a Friend upon Occafion of thefe model’t Words fpoken by the (been. She commanded her Lord Chamberlain to knight the Mayor, who kifi‘ed her Hand; and fo they de- parted with mutual Satisfaé‘tions. And, obferving 2 Chaldron on Seacoals. The Citizens Loyalty to Queen E lifa. bet/.7. The Recor- der‘s Speech to the Queen in her Praife, Anna l 582. 7776. City’s Entertainment. of King Charles I. ”Book fl . her wonderfully pleafed in all Things, the Mayor, and his‘Brethren, took great Delight the’reat. On- ly it was Obferved, that fome young Gentlemen, being-more bold than well’mannered, liood upon the Carpet of the Cloth of State, and did almof‘c lean upon the Cufhions : Whereat the Qaeen found Fault with the Chamberlain and Vice- chamberlain, and with the Gentlemen-Ulhers, for fufienng it. ' ' . In the Year I 588, that critical Year, when all The City‘s the Popiilr Powers refolved upon an lnvafion of SUPPIX- A7“ England, the City gave a fignal Mark of their ”l ‘588‘ Fidelity and Generofity. For, when the Queen’s Councilhad aiked, what they would do in their Prince’s and Country’s Right at this dangerous . Junéiure, Sir George Bond, Mayor, and the AL 15-1119“?8 dermen,’ his Brethren, humbly befought their Ho- Chmn' Pag‘ nours to fet down what their Wifdoms held requi— 744' fite in fuch a Cafe: Whereat the Lords demanded five Thoufand Men, and fifteen Ships. The City craved two Days Refpite for giving in their An- fwer. Which being granted them, when the Day of their Anfwer was come, they molt generoufly and nobly granted double to what was defired: Intreating their Lordfhips, in Token of their pet- fect Love and Loyalty to their Prince and Coun- try, to accept ten Thoufand Men, and thirty Ships amply furniihed. 4 _ The City gave a molt fplendid and magnifi- Their Enter.“ cent Entertainment to King Charles I, November tainmem 0‘ the 25th, 164:, upon his fafe and happy Re- fifbw‘k‘ L turn from Scotland, when he dined at Gnila’ loall. 4 i The triumphant Manner and Order whereof, and the Lord Mayor’s Meeting and Receiving his Ma- jel’ry, for an honourable Remembrance of the Ci: ty’s Loyalty, were as follows : The Right Honourable the Lord Mayor, Sir Richard Gurney, and the reft of the grave Senate . of the'City of London, the Aldermen, his Brethren, being ‘advertifed, that his Majefiy, in his happy Return from Scotland, would gracioufly condefcend to pafs through the City, with his Royal Con~ fort the (Amen, the Prince, and other of the Princely Ifl'ue; at a Court among themfelves took into their Confideration, how to give Entertain-i ment fit for his Majef’ty’s gracious Acceptance. And thereupon they feleé‘ted a Committee of fix Aldermen, and twelve Commoners, who fhould meet, confult, and order what they in their Dif- cretions fhould think fit to conduce to the Ho- nour of the City, and the Acceptance of his Majei’ty. Yet, before thefe Committees {hould ef- fect any Thing, it was thought neceITary to af- femble a Common-Council, as well to underfiand the Affeftion of the Commons, as to confirm thofe Committees chofen. p The Matter, being propounded there, was en- tertained with an unanimous Confent and general Approbation, and the before-mentioned Commit- tees were by the Court confirmed: Who there- upon met daily, bending all their Thoughts how to fatisfy the Truft impofed on them; and, calling before them the Oflicers of the City, directed them what they fliould do; charging them to leave Nothing undone, which either Art, Labour, or Cofi, in fo fhort a Time, could compafs. More particularly in the firl’t Place their efpe- The Preparar cial Care was to give Order, 'as well to the “W“ Steward, Cook, Butler, and Confeétioner, to make fpeedy Provifion of all Things fit for the Royal Feaf’cing of their Majef’cies, and their Princely Train; as to the Officers of the City Works, that the Guild-ball might be prepared, and made ready for the due and refpec’tful Re— ceiving of them. ‘ The next was, that Precepts might be fpeedily direéted to the feveral Societies and Companies of the'City, that, againft the Day their Majefiies {hould come, there fhould be fome of the prime Men chofen out of the Liveries, that fliould be m dermen in their belt Array, either Velvet, Philh, or Sattin, and Chains of Gold,- upon good Horfes, well appointed; and each Rider to have a Foot- man to attend him; to meet their Majefiies, and to conduft them firl‘t to Guild—boll, and after~ wards to his Majefl'y’s Royal Palace of PI/lac‘te-laoll. As alfo, that, out of the Refidue of the Compa- nies, fome {hould be appointed to wait in their feveral Standings in their Liveries, from their lVIa~ jellies Entrance into the City, to Temple-oer. To which Purpofe, the Committee gave Orders and Directions, where every feveral Company’s Stand-- ings Ihould be fet up. And, lal’tly, that others fhould be nominated to attend in the Guild—boll, upon their Majel’ties, in their Liveries and Foins likewife, from the Time of their Coming thither, to their Departure thence. ‘ Another - Care of the Committee was, that, ‘the Way from King/land to Slooredz’tcb being im- pafl'able for their Majef’ties, in Regard of the. Depth and Foulnefs of it, a Way might be pre- pared from thence to that Place of the City, where their Majef’ties fhould enter,. as might not only be fair and clean, but as pleafant alfo, and delightful, as the Seafon of the Year would per- mit: And that the Streets, all the Way they {hould pafs, might be paved, where Need was, andmade fweet and clean. And,becaufe fome feditious Libels were at that Time difperfed, which bred a panic Fear in fome, Order was likewife taken, that there f‘nould 1 Chap. XXXI. 7792 City’s Eater-minim”: of [Gog Charles T. in Readinefs to attend the Lord Mayor and Al-‘ Companies of the City, being Matters, Wardens, and prime Men of each Company, in Velvet or Pl‘ufh Coats and Suits, with Chains of Gold, and being well horfed, and gallantly furnilhed; E'- very Company having a Horfeman in the Front, carrying a Pendant with that Company’s Arms, to which he did belong, for Dil’tiné‘tion Sake, and a Footman to attend each Horfeman of the Livery, with Truncheons and Torches, as before: Both Horfemen, with the Pendants, and Footmen, bed ing fuited-Cop-d-pee, with the Company’s Colours on which they waited. There werejalfo fourteen Trumpeters, with Trumpets, Banners, and Scarfs”; who were placed two betWeen every Hundred of the Horfe, and four at the Head of the Troops. The Lord Mayor, being thus attended, rode on with the Knights, Mr. Recorder, the Aldermen, City Council, and chief OfliCers, as before; and after them the five hundred Horfemen, accord- ing to the feveral Ranks of the Companies: The Lord Mayor’s Company, viz. the Clqthworkers, being foremolt; then the Mercers, and the rei’t, according to their Order. ‘ They all advanced in comely Manner through the Fields, the Banks being ‘caft down, and Brid- ges, of fourteen Feet wide, being made over the Ditches, for better and more fecure Palfage, till they came beyond Bolmes, a Retiring-Houfe of Sir George Whitmore’s, in the Fields next adjoining to King/load. The Night before being rainy, and . the Morning gloomy and cloudy, the Lord Mayor commanded his Tent to be pitched in the Field, where his Lordfhip, the Knights, Mr. Recorder, The Lord and the Aldermen, were to attend their Majefiies. Mayer‘sTent' In the Tent were Seats and Forms, where his atKi”g/Z“”d- Lordfhip and fome of the Nobility repofed them- felves, till their Nlajeliies came. - In the mean Time the two Sheriffs of London The Sheriff; - and Middle/ex, George Garret and George CZor/e, wait at Stem attended by feventy-two, Men in Scarlet Clokes,f”rd‘/’i”- be two Companies of the City Train-Bands placed in feveral Parts of the City, upon that Day: As alfo, that at every Door a Man fhould be placed, fufliciently appointed, to be "ready upon'all Oc- cafions to appeafe any Diforders. Laf’tly, out of the faid Committee, two of the City Captains were defigned, as chief Marfhals for the Day, to have the Command over the other three Marlhals, that were Ofiicers 'of the Cham— ber ; and to order, direct, and marfhal the Horfe- men. And alfo four others of the Committee were appointed, as Comptrollers of the Houfe. To whom all inferior Officers lhould have Recourfe upon any Occafisn, and to direC‘t and order the Liveries, which were to attend upon their Ma- jefties Service: And generally to difpofe all other Things conducing to the Entertainment. - Now for the Entertainment itfelf. Upon Thurf- day, the faid November 25, the Knights of the Grey Cloke, Mr. Recorder, and the ref’t of the Alder-' men, the City Council, and chief Oficers, as Town-Clerk, Common Serjeant, and Remembran- cer, attended the Lord Mayor at his Lordfhip’s Houfe in the OZd-j’e-wry, by Eight of the Clock in the Morning. From whence they advanced through the City to Moorgote in this Manner: The Lord Mayor, having the Sword-Bearer and two Mace—Bearers before him, on Horfeback and on Foot-cloths, and two Footmen in black Velvet Coats, on each Side one, his Lordfhip, wearing a Gown of Crimfon Velvet, and a Collar of SS, rode in the Front, the Knights aforenamed, Mr. Recorder, and the Aldermen following, ac- cording to their Seniority, two by two, in Scarlet Gowns, attended by two Footmen a-picce, fuited in the City Colours; each of which Footmen be- ing appointed to carry a Truncheon’ in his Hand for the Forenoon, and two Torches for‘the After- noon. 'Next to them, followed the City Council, and chief Officers in black Gowns upon Foot- cloths; each of them having a Footman going by trimmed with Silver Lace, the Colours of the City, with Javelins and Feathers, and four Trum- peters, rode as far as Stamford-[oil], between New- z'zogton and Totcenioom, where they lay‘th'e Night before: Who, after they had done their re- fpefiive Duties, and kilfed their Majef’ties Hands, conducted. them to the Field, where the Lord Mayor, the Nobility and Aldermen, waited for them. . His Majefty came into the Field about Ten of The Manner the Clock in a Coach, he fitting on the right Side of it, and her Maiefty on his right Hand; the Prince, the Duke of York, and the Princefs JMory, being within the Coach, and the Prince Elefior Palatine, and the Dutchefs of Richmond, fitting" on the other Side: Their Majefties being attend- ed by divers honourable Lords and Ladies. . When the Coach came againl’t the Lord Mayor’s Tent, his Majef’ty caufed it to Pray: Where di- vers of the Nobility, that had attended his Com— ing thither, pref.:nted themfelves to his Majefty, and,joying in his fafe Return, killed both their Majeflies Hands. ' After which the Lord Mayor, Knights, Mr. Re- The Lord corder and Aldermen, prefented themfelves like- wife in humble Manner to his Majef’ty. The Lord Mayor tendered the City Sword and Sceptre to him; who re-delivered them to his Lordfhip', where kneeling together with Mr. Recorder, by the Coach-Side, Mr. Recorder made a grave, pithy and fhort Speech to his Majefiy, as followethz May it plea/e your Moje/Zy, ‘ This is a Day of exceeding great Joy to your The Recor. ‘ Citizens of London; Joy exalted to the highef’c der’s Speech ‘ Degree, to fee you return in Safety, after‘a long to the King; ‘ Abfence; and to fee this happy Meeting with' them, fuited and fitted, as aforefaid. In this Equipage, they palfed through the City, from his Lordlhip’s Houfe to Moorfields: Where there waited in a Readinefs to attend his Lord— Five hundred Horfemen of the Liveries accompany . . . - , . c d (’t C fort our 00d and racious :h L d , {hi and the Servnce, about five Hundred Horfe your we 9“ ’ g . g Miyoii meiff, feleéted’out of the Liveries of the feveralJ ‘ QUEEN; and With thofe blell‘ed Children, that : are, NUMB. XXIX. 4 Q . 336 ‘ 6 / “The City’s Entertainment ("of King Charles I: are the Fruits of your Loves, and Pledges to us of a fruitful and hopeful Succeflion. _ ‘ Ican truly fay this from the Reprefentative Body of your City, from whence l ‘have my ‘ Warrant: They meet your Majefiy with as ‘ 6 ‘ much Love and Affection, as ever Citizens of London met with any of your Royal Progeni- tors, King or Qpeen of this Kingdom ; and with ‘ as hearty a Delire to fhew itfelf fully. Pardon ‘ their Failures, where you meet with any. ‘ would but lefiien us. ‘ We tender unto you no fmall Prefent. It I am fure, whatever it .‘ were, it worild be far fliort of our Meaning. ‘ We prefent unto you our Hearts and Affecti- ‘ ons: Hearts of true Subjects, full of Loyalty ‘ to you, our King and Sovereign. ‘ It is true, in this we offer your Maiefiy but ‘ your own. They were by qut Right yours be- ‘ fore. But, upon this new Enlivening and Ex- C preflion, be pleafed to take them as a new Gift. ‘ We offer them chearfully; vouchfafe to accept ‘ C ‘ G K t them gracioufly -, and with the Influence of thofe Excellent and Princely Virtues, which we know by great Afi'urance to be eminent in your Royal Perfon; the Defence of our ei’tablifhed Religion, and the clear Current of your Juliice, from the Fountain through the Streams; be pleafed to ‘ Cheriih them. ‘ Vouchfafe likewife to uphold and countenance that ancient Form and Frame of Government, which hath been long el’tablifhed in the City; that POWer and Authority of yours, which you have committed to your Lord Mayor, your true and faithful SubjeEt and Servant; and the fit Reverence and Refpeét, due to the Alder- men, his Brethren, who are to afiif’t him in his Government. We {hall be thereby the better ‘ And now I think it fit for me to alTure you, ‘ that I am returned with as hearty and kind Af- C 4 L C «finnnénn “noonann “flannnnno C C ‘ ¢ feé‘tion to my People in general, and to this City in particular, as can be defired by loving Subjects. The firfi; I fhall exprefs, by govern- ing you all according to the Laws of this King- dom, and in maintaining you in your full Li- berties: But chiefly, in maintaining and pro- teéiing the true Protel’tant Religion, according as it hath been ef’tablifhed in my two famous Predecefl'ors Times, (been Elzfaeetb and my Father. And this I will do,if Need be, to the Hazard of my Life, and all that is dear un- to me. ‘ As for the City in particular, Ifhall fiudy by all Means their Profperity. And I afiiire you, I willingly grant thofe few reafonable De- mands you have now made unto mein the Name of the City. Likewife, I {hall fiudy to re-efta- blilh that flourifhing Trade, which now is in fome Diforder among you : Which I doubt not to eflfeéi, with the good Afiifiance of the Par- liament. ‘ One Thing I have thought of, as a particu- lar Tei’timony of my Affection to you; which is, to give back unto you freely that Part of Londonderry, which heretofore was wrel‘ted from London/my; you. This, I confefs,‘ as that Kingdom is now, is no great Gift. But, I intend, firf’t, to recover it, and then to give it you whole and entirely. And, for the legal Part of this, I command you, Mr. Recorder, to wait Upon me to fee it punctu- ally performed. ‘ [will end as I began, to defrre you Mr. Re- corder, to give all the City Thanks in better Expreflions than Ican make. Tho’ I muf’t tell you, it will be far fhort of that real Content- ment I find in my Heart for this real and fea- Book I. to render to you the Fruits of a true Obedience; and, as our Duty binds us, we {hall never ceafe to blefs you, and pray for you, and your dear. el’t Confort, 'our gracious Queen, and for this your Royal and Princely Offspring; for your Majefiy’s long Life, and profperous Reign over us in Peace and Glory, and with full Content- ‘ ment. And Idoubt not but every true Sub— ‘ jeét will join with us in this, and fay, 11mm. ‘ Thefe Expreffions of Joy, of Love, of Loy- alty, and thefe hearty Wilhes and Defires, which I have mentioned, I meet with every-where from yoUr Citizens of London. They are the foft and fiill Mufic prepared for your Ma- jefiy’s Welcome, the Entertainment this Day. The joyful Acclamations of your People, upon the Sight of your Royal Perfon, will make it louder ; and all, chearfully bearing their agreeing Parts together, (hall, I hope, this Day make up to your Majefiy a full and pleafing Harmony’. ‘ fonable Demonfirarion of their Afiefiions to me,’ His Majefiy, having ended this gracious Speech, The King was pleafed to confer the Honour of Knighthood makes the upon the Lord Mayor and Mr. Recorder, with :‘rfidRi/iifigr the City Sword: Both their Majef’ties gracioufly Knights with giving their Hands to kifs to them, as alfo to the City the Knights, Aldermen, City Council, and Of— SWO’d‘ ficers. After thefe Things done, his Majefty and the Prince alighted from the Coach, and took their Horfes: The Queen, Duke Of Tor/e, Princefs Mary, Prince Elee‘i‘or, and the Dutchefs of Ric/amoral re- maining fiill in the Coach. _ In the mean Time, by the Care and Pains of the two Captains of the Committee, and of the three Marlhals that were appointed for this Day’s Service, the five hundred Horfemen of the Live— ries, and their Attendance, were brought into a Body, and fet in Order as before: And, facing about, the whole Company fet forward to con- They fetfor.‘ duct their Majefties into London; the Sheriffs Wérgfindh Men being placed in the Front, and the inferior con u t e . . - Kin towards Companies followrng them; and the ref: oi the the gCicy. ‘ C ‘ C ‘ C ‘ ‘ enabled to ferve your Majef‘ty, and conf’tantly , e I ‘ ‘ C ‘ fi—fifififlaflflflfi To which his Majefiy made this gracious An- fwer: ' ‘ Mafier Recorder, ‘ I muf’t defire you, becaufe my Voice cannot Companies after them: The Lord Mayor’s Com- K. 9 . . ‘ iflfwefitk reach to all thofe that I defire fliould hear me, P_3“Y.bemg “ex” to the Aldermen. And, advan- Recorder. to give mofi hearty Thanks to all the good Ci- cmg m a feemly Order, they made fuch a gallant aaanannaah" “have tizens of London, for their hearty Exprefiions of their Love this Day to me. And indeed I can- not exprefs the Contentment I have received therein: For now I fee, that all thefe former Tumults and Diforders have only rifen from the meaner SOrt of People; and that the Affections of the better and main Part of the City have been ever loyal and affectionate to my Perfon and Government. ‘ And likewife it comforts me to fee, that all thefe Mifreports, that have been made of me in my Abfence, have not the leaf: Power to do me Prejudice in your Opinions: As may be ealily feen by this Day’s Expreflion of Joy. 1 Shew, that their Majefiies and the Princes took great Delight and Content to behold them. were marfhalled by the Officers of Arms. The Nobility, and others of hishMajef’cy’s Train So that the whole Order was in this Manner: The City Marfhal. The Sheriffs Trumpeters. The Sheriffs Men. Citizens in Velvet Coats and Chains. The City Council and Officers. The Aldermen. The Prince’s Trumpeters. * Mefl'en- Chap. XXXI; The City’s Entortaznnae‘nt of King Charles I. the McKen- gers, an Er- ror was com- -, mitted: For W they {hould ‘ have follow- ed the Sheriffs Men. l ‘ * In placing ll ' The King en..- ters the City at Maorgate. * Mefl‘engers of the Chamber. The King’s Trumpeters. Gentlemen of the Privy Chamber. Knight Marlhal. . Purfuivants at Arms” The Lord Chief Jul‘cice of the Common—Pleas, being a Knight, and of the Privy-Council. Barons. Lord Goring. Lord Coventry. Lord Holding. Lord Digoy. Lord Mowaray. Vifcount Conway. Earls. Earl Rivers. Earl of Bat/'9. Earl of Camoerland. ‘ Earl of Eflx. Lord Chamberlain of the King’s Houfe. Duke of Richmond. Clarencz'enx and Norroy. - Lord Keeper.. Lord Privy Seal. Serjeants at Arms : Among whom One for the City. Equeries and Footmen. The Prince’s Highnefs. Equeries and Footmen. Garter. The Lord Mayor, carrying the City’s Sword, by his Majefiy’s fpecial Appointment, as a Grace and Favour at this Time. A Gentleman-Ulher, Daily Waiter. Lord Great—Chamberlain. Marquis of Hartford, bearing the Sword of State. Earl Marfhal. The KING’S M AJESTY. The'QU E E N’s M A J E S T Y, in her Coach richly embroidered; and, with her, the Duke of York, the Princefs Mary, and the Prince E16307. Marquis Hamilton, Matter of the Horfe, leading the Horfe of State. The Earl of Salt/nary, Captain of the Penfioners. The Gentlemen Penfioners with their Pole-axes, . all mounted with Pifiols at their Saddles. The Earl of Holland, Lord General beyond Trent. And, after him, Vifcount Grandz'fon, with many other principal Commanders in the late Northern Expedition. After them, divers Ladies, and other great Per— fonages of Note. The Yeomen of the Guard. They all entered the City at Moorgate, where their Majei’ties were welcomed with a Noife of Trumpets, appointed to attend there to that Pur- ofe. . P From which Place they proceeded to Bif/Jopf- gate, and fo, through Cornbz'll, to St. Laurence- lane End in Cheap/idea. . The Companies in Liveries flood on the Left- hand, as their Majefiies paffed by: The Rails of the Standings being covered with blue Cloth, and the Standings themfelves being richly adorned with Banners, Enfigns, and Pendants of the Arms of each Company refpeftively. Nine Companies of the twelve f’tanding in the Morning: The Lord Mayor’s Company beginning againft St. Laurence- lane End; and the other eight, in their Order, to- wards Bz/bopfgata; the ref’t of the Way where they left, to Moorgate, being fupplied by fome of the inferior Companies; the Outfide of the Houfes, all the Way their Majef’ties pafl'ed, being beautified with rich Tapefiry. " On the north Side of the Street, ‘four Feet 'diltant from the Houfes, were Rails placed, to regulate and keep the People in good Order, from 337 Bi/laopflgate to Carnot]! ; and f0 to Temple-oar. At the Beginning of which Rails, viz. at Bt/laopfigato, by the Difcretion of the two Captains and three Marlhals, the firfi: Horfemen of the Liveries be- gun to make a Stand: The firi’t Rank of them placing themfelVes lingle, faced to the Liveries that were in the Standings; and the ref’t, pafling along, placed themfelves in the fame Order: The Trumpets and Pendants in each Company i’tand- . mg in the Front, and then the Companies them- felves: The youngefi being next to the Pendant, and f0 upwards, by Seniority, to the Mafter of . the Company, who took hisPlace lai‘t. Then be- gan the Pendant, and ,youngei’t of the next Com- pany, to make their Stand, as the former, till they came to St. Laurence-lane End: There be- ing five Feet Dittance from one Horfe to another; In which Space flood each Horfeman’s Footman, with a Truncheon in his Hand 2 Making by this Means a Guard for their Majefiies, and the reft of their Train. And it fell out, that mofl: of the Companies of Horfe were placed right againfi: their own Companies in the Standings. The Peo- ple that were Speétators in the Streets, were he- fiowed, Part behind the Horfe, and Part behind , the Liveries. And, by this good Order, their Ma— jei’ties and the Train paITed quietly without Inter; ruption. Their Majefties coming along Corn/sill, feVeral Trumpeters, that were placed in the Clock-Houfe of the Exchange, gave them their fecond Wel- come into the City. And, as they went, the Con- duit in Conant/l, and the great Conduit in Cheap- flde, ran with Claret Wine, to exprel's the Free— dom of the City for the Joy of that Day. Being come to St. Laurence—Zane End, the PaH'age being f’treight, neither Horfe nor Foot could be planted there. So that only the She- riflrs Officers, the City Council and Officers, the Sherilfi, Aldermen, and the Lord Mayor, con- ducted their Majefizies, and their Train, to Guild- ball. At their Entrance there, divers honourable TheirMaie- Lords and Ladies, that had not given their At— {ties Entrance tendance abroad, prefented themfelves to his Ma- t0 Gui/d‘lmll‘ jei’ty, and conduéted him and the Qieen up to the new and old Council—Chambers, being ap- pointed for their Repofe, till Dinner might be ferved to the Table: The four Comptrollers for the Day, and about eighty comely and grave Citizens, in Foins and Liveries, fianding, and making a Lane on both Sides their Paffage. To whom their Majef’ties lhewed gracious Refpeéts : The Mulic of the City giving them their next Welcome. \ ' Their Majel‘ties were no fooner repofed, but Word was given for Serving up of Dinner to their Table. The Place appointed for it was the Fla/tings, at the eaf‘t End of the Hall: Which The King was raifed almof‘t two Yards from the Ground, dine? at the the Floor being covered With Turky Carpets -, and Huffmg" all the Hall, as all the other Rooms of the Guild—ball, was hanged, and adorned with rich T apeftry. . In the Middle of the Place where their Maje- i’ties dined, was hung up a Cloth of State, and two Chairs of State were fer under it, before which was placed a Table of fix Yards long. At‘ the fouth End whereof, two Yards dil’tant from the Table, was a Table of Garnifh, of three Yards fqttare. And, at the north End, was a Room erected for Mufic of all Sorts, for the better Entertainment and Delight of their Ma- jefiies, while they fliould be at Dinner. ' And four or five Steps under the Place, where their Majef’ties dined, was a Frame of Timber erected, and floored with Deals, a Yard from the Ground -, which extended almolt to the Hall- Door: Upon each Side whereof was a Tabquet, rom 338‘ from the upper to the lower End of it. At which ‘ two Tables, the Lords and Ladies that attend- ed their Majei’ties were to dine. Between which was a fpacious Way left, covered with green Baiz, whereon their lVIajefties were to pafs to the Place where they {hould dine. And in the weft Part of the Hall, below the Gate, on the fouth Side, was a long Table pla» ced for his Majef’ty’s Penfioners. And in all other Rooms, that were not for their Majef’ties Priva— cy, were likewife Tables prepared for feveral Sorts ‘of their Majei’ties Attendants. ‘ i The Manner The Dinner was ferved up in this Manner : (1); {wins; uP From their Majefties Table to the Drefl'er, inner. which ’was at the weft End of the Hall, flood the eighty Livery—men, before-mentioned, in two Ranks, about two Yards diitant from each other, Face to Face: One Rank of them receiving from the Dreifer the King’s Meat, and the other the Prince’s, at one and the fame Time: They ne- ver ftirring, or removing from their Places, but delivering Difh after Difh, from one to another, till it came to the Sewers, who placed it upon the Table. Four Services Their Majef’ties Meat was proportioned into for the King. four Servrces : The firf’t confit‘cing of fifty Difhes The fir.“ 0f of cold Meats; as, Brawn, Fifh, and cold baked fifty D‘flles' Meats, planted upon the Garnifh, or Side-table. The other three Services were of all Sorts of hot Flefh and Fifh, boiled, roaf’ted, and baked, to the Number of one Hundred and twenty Difhes. After which was ferved up a curious and well— ordered Banquet. At the high Table dined his Majei’ty, his Roy— al Confort the (lueen, the Prince, the Duke of York, the Princefs Mary, and the Prince Elector Palatine, in this Order : The King fat under the Cloth of State, and her Majef’ty clofe to him, on his Left—hand. On his Majeity’s Right—hand, about a Yard diltant, fat the Prince: And, about the fame Dittance from his Highnefs, fat the Prince Eleflor. At her Majefty’s Left-hand, about a Yard’s Space from her, was placed the Princefs Mary; and, not far from her, the Duke of York. The Service for the Tables of the Lords and Ladies was thus ordered : The Service The Liveries, before—mentioned, after the fortheLyrds Meat Was placed on the high Table, ferved up fffdbll‘ad‘es the Dinner-to thofe Tables, but in another Po— a 65' fiure. For, ,whereas before they flood in two Ranks, Face to Face, they now turned Back to Back. The Reafon was, becaufe, the Meat be- ing ferved up to both Tables together, the one ‘ Rank of them might face to one Table, and the _ other to the other. To thefe two Tables were appointed ten Mef- fes, confif’cing of five hundred Diihes. T'hefe two Tables being likewife furnifhed, Care was taken for the ref: of the Train, that were thought fit to be entertained within the Hall: Who were all ferved f0 plentifully, that "not a Man was heard to go difcontented away. Andlbecaufe it was conceived before-hand by the Committees, that there might c0me mere Company with their Majel’ties than could be con— veniently provided for within the Hall; large Provifion was made abroad fer the Guard, F 00t— men, Coachmen, and the like : Where there ‘ dined about one hundred and fifty Perfons of all Sorts. His Majefty received fuch Content, as well in the Freedom of the Entertainment," as in the Well- ordering thereof, that he Was pleafed by Words to exprefs his Royal Thoughts, as well at Din- ner as afterwards; fo did the Qleen, Princes and . Nobility ; how great Content and Satisfaction he , received from the City by it. I756 City’s- Emertkziflmmt of ng’ Charles 1. Book I, His Majei’ty alfo, after Dinner, fent for Mr. The King 70/97.! Pettm, a Gentleman of an antient Family makes a in the County of SufloZk, who had married the ngh" Lord Mayor’s Daughter, and befiowed the Ho- nour of Knighthood upon him: Knowing, that whatfoever in this Kind he {hould'do to his Lord— fhip, or his, mui’t necelTarily refult to the Honour of the City, and be an Expreflion of his Grace and Favour to it. , Their Majef’ties having repofed themfelves a The Kingde, While after Dinner, the Days being fliort, the Parts towards Word was given for their Departure. And, by this W‘flm’fflm Time, the three Companies of the twelve, and - the refit of the inferior Companies, that had not waited in the Morning, had taken their Stand— ings from St. Laurence-Zane End weftward, to— wards Temple-bar. - , The two Captains alfo, with the three Mar- Ihals, had ordered the Horfemen after this Man- ner: They, firft drew up the Sheriffs Men in the Front, by two and two. Then they caufed the Rear of the Horfemen, that had.made_the firl’t Stand at Bifi'oop/gate in the Morning, to' pafs through the ref’t of the Companies, after the Sheriffs Men : And to the reit according to their former Order; till the. whole Number of five Hundred were ranked again, by two’and two, as in the Morning: And To paffed through Cbeap— fide, till the Rear 'of the firi’t Company, which was the Lord Mayor’s, came even with St. Lau— rence-lane End. And in this Order they flayed, till their Majef’ties were ready to come out of Guild—ball ; which was about Four of the Clock in the Afternoon. The Lord Mayer, carrying the Sword before his Majefiy, as in the Morning, and the ref: that conducted him from Clamp/ids to Guild—[ml], led his Majeftythither again: Where the Word was given for the Horfe to advance. Which they did, and every one fell into the fame Order, which they had in the Morning: The greateit Diffe- rence being, That, whereas in the F orenoon the F ootmen carried Truncheons in their Hands, they now went with lighted Torches : Which gave fo great a Light, as that the Night feemed to be turned to Day. As their Majei’ties paffed along, the Trumpets and City Mufic, were placed in feveral Parts, founding and playing: Which, together with -the feveral continual, and joyful Acclamations of the People, gave great Content to both their Ma- jei’ties. The little Conduit in Cbeapflde, and the Con— duit in Flect—flreet, running with Wine; as the other two Conduits had done in the Morning. And, in their Paffage by the fouth Door of St. Paul’s Church, the Choir, with Sackbuts and Cor- nets joining with them, fung an Anthem of Praife to God, and Prayers for their Majeities long Lives: Which pleafed his Majefiy f0 well, that he gave them an extraordinary Refpeét. And, in their Pafi‘age~ to Temple-Mr, he made fuch ‘Exprefiions of his gracious Acceptance of i the City’s Love, that the People could not fuf- ficiently make manifefl: the Joy they conceived at it. So that, by this Time, the whole Day feemed‘to be fpent in a Kind of Emulation, with Reverence be it fpoken, between their Majel’ties and the City: The Citizens bleffing and pray~ ing for their Majefties, and their Princely Ifi‘ue; and their Majei’ties returning the fame Bleflings upon the Heads of the Citizens; with innume- ‘ rable Thanks added thereunto: Infomuch as it is hard to refolve, whether the Citizens were more Vjoyed with the gracious Acceptance of their weak tho’ hearty and loyal, Endeavours, or their Ma— jefiies with the Performance of the Day’s feafonq As they paf. {ed by St. Paul’s, the Choir fung an Anthem. Emulation between their Majefiies and the Citizens. I ' ' able g I . l / l I Chap. XXXI. The Gig/’5 Entertainment of King Charles I. 339. able Service f Both their Majef’ties and the Citi- Comptroller of his, Majefiy’s Houihold,‘ and o- zens feeming, as it were, not well fatisfied to 'ther Officers and Gentlemen of anlity, till they whom the Thanks of this Day’s Work were pro- {hould be admitted into his Majefly’s PrefenCe: perly due. ‘ ,And, after forne fmall Stay, his Majefiy, with his Bur to proceed : - Royal Confort, the (been, attended by the Duke When the Slierifis Men, who were in the Front, of Richmond, Marquis Hamilton, and the Earl of ' were come as far as the May—Pole in the Strand, Dar/6t, carne‘ into her Majeiiy’s PrefenceaCham- they began to make a Stand, and fingled them-‘ ber; and [con after Mr. Recorder, the Aldermen, V felves, by falling ofic at the right Hand of the and Commoners, were called in! Where, after Street, their Company extending, in Length, as their humble Duties tendered, Mr. RecOrder, in , far as Exeter-Honfe ; and, after them, the Horfe- an elegant Speech, prefented the loyal Ali‘eé‘tions men did the like, in the fame Order and Polture and humble Thanksof the City to their Mae- as they had done in the Morning, and f0 conti— l’ties, together with two humble Petitions, (dr- nued to the Tilt~2"afll, over-againl’t his Majefty’s merly agreed on, to be preferredto his Majelty, Palace of Whitehall; to which Place the Lord in Words to this Efiefi : Mayor, Knights, and Aldermen, conduéted their ‘ . ' Majel’ties. ‘ That, acCording to'his Majefiy’s Command— The City's m‘ent, given to the Lord Mayor, and himfelf, Petitions to they had publilhed that, which his Majef’ty had the King, d“ ‘ gracioully exprelied, at his Entry into the Ci- 11:2:de the ty, not only to particular Men thereof, but at ' a Common-Council, which isthe'Reprefenta— tive Body of the City; and there made known the mof’t gracious Acceptance, by both their u 7 4,?er the Entertainment. The Lord And now, by this Time, it might be conceived, Mayor takes that a Period might be [Ct to this Relation ; and 1135 119::th 0:: that his Majef’ty had given Teflimony, ample and ,;f,,,,,,i,,,.y fuflicient, of his gracious Acceptation of the Ci- ty’s Love and loyal Affection towards him: But, Manet altti mente repof/tam, in a better Senfe than Majel’ties, of the Endeavours' ofthe Citizens, the Poet fpake it: His Majefly had taken fo deep for their Welcome "and Entertainment that Day. Impreflion of his poor Subjefis Love, that he ‘ That, after the Publifhing of it, they all”, thought he had not fufiiciently exprelTed h‘imfelf, forthwith, with one Heart, and one Voice, ear— ~ by all that he had already [0 gracioufly been pleaf- nel’tly intreated, and prefled the Lord Mayor, ed to demoni’trate: And, therefore, when the that by his Meahs, and in, fuch Way as he {hould Lord Mayor had brought their Majef’ties into think fit, their moflhurrible and hearty Thanks Whitehall, and was taking his Leave in humble might be tendered, andprefent‘edtoiboth their lVIanner, his Majefiy mof’t gracioufly embraced Majefiies, for that fingUIar Honour they had and thanked him; and, withal, gave him in done the City, in ‘vouchfafing their ‘refencear Charge, That in his Name the whole City might mong them, and for thofe real,Tefiimonies his be thanked. , Majef’ty had given of his Princely Favour and The King’s _ Whereupon, againfi: Tag/Hay Morning follow- Affection towards them, tending {0 much to Meffage of ing, being St. flnrlrew’s Day, the Lord Mayor their Profit and Advantage ; and, efpecially, 312%? tode- caufed a Common—Council to be warned ; where for both their Majefiies graciousAcceptance of Iiveredyait the Mr. Recorder, in an eloquent and pithy Speech, their poor, though hearty Endeavours : With Common- related the Charge and Command, that his Ma- thefe and the like Expreflions, which came from among them, that, ifthey had done a thoufand Council- jef’ty, by the Lord Mayor, had impofed Upon Times more, it had been but their Duty. That him: And withal, as was thought fit, he read his Speech to his Majel’ty, and his Majef’cy’s moi’t the Memory of this Honour, and thefe F a- gracious Anfwer; both which are before fet do‘Wn, vours, lhould ever. live among them : That it {hould be preferved to Pofierity : That their which fo much revived and increafed the Joy of all the Commons, that an Aét was there made; Defires and Studies {hould be, as much as in them lay, that they might be thought worthy and the Lord Mayor was intreated to appoint Mr. Recorder, and f0 many Aldermen and Common- of thefe Honours and Favours, and of f0 good ers, as his Lordfhip fhould think fit, to attend and gracious a King and CLueen. his Majei’ty ; and to return their humble Thanks , ‘ Thus the Lord Mayor had required us that for all his great and Princely Favours to the Ci— were prefent, to attend their Majei‘ties with this ty ; and to prefer to his Majel’ty fuch other De— MelTage from the City, and to make this thank.- fires of the City, as fhould be thought neceliary ful Acknowledgment to them: Befeeching their and convenient. Majel’ties, as an 'Addition to their former F a- APatent fent In the mean Time, his Majef’ty, itudying, as vours, to take it in good Part from them. And. '0 ”‘3 L0“! it were, how to add more Honour to the Lord this was the firi’t Part of our Errand. £233:th Mayor, and in his to the whole City, had fent to ‘ That we had two humble Petitions to prefer ' his Lordfliip his gracious Letters Patents, where— to both your Majelties : And we had the Rife. by he Created him a Baronet. and Encouragement to both from, that which The Lord Mayor, according to the Power gi- his Majefiy was pleafed to deliver to us. . ' ,ven unto him, by the Act of Common-Council, ‘ Our firf’t Petition was, that their Majeflies called a Committee to his Houfe -, where he ap- would Vouchfafe this Honour to the City, if it pointed how many Aldermen, befides thofe of might Panel with their good Pleafures, to make the Committee for the Entertainment, {hould at- their Refidence, at this Seafon of the Year, at tend his Majei’ty, with Mr. Recorder, in Purfu- their Palace at Whitehall. Their Prefence was ance of the {aid Aft; where it was concluded, very joyful to us; and his Majelly was leafed What Defires they fhould humbly reprefent to his to tell us, that he would Ptudy our Pro perity, Majefty, on the City’s Behalf. . and rel’tore the Tracie of the City, which of late. Some Alder. Upon Friday, the 3d of Decemher, Mr. Recor- had been in fome Diforder: Their Refidence men, and der, with thefe Aldermen, rviz. Sir George Whit— there would give a good (hiickening to the re-. E°’3“:l°“e’? more, Alderman Cardal, Alderman Saame, Alder- tailing Trade, and by Confequence to th? MCI" Cfimgjgf’ man Gayer, Alderman Gerrard, Alderman Wolla- chant. ' _ Council,lwaitfl0n, and the two Sheriffi, being Aldermen like- ‘ Our fecond was, Whereas, fince his happy Re— “Ronthe wife, with eight of the Commoners of the faid ‘ turn hither, there had been fome late Dilorders ng' Committee, went by his Lordlhip’s Appoint- ‘ about Wtjfiminfler, among fome People thatmet ment to Hampton-Court, where they were receiv- ‘ there, that their Majel’ties wouldnot imputC ed by the Right Honourable the Earl of Dorfet, ‘ this to the Body of the City, or to the better Lord Chamberlain to her Majel’ty, SirPetarI/Viche, ‘ Sort of Citizens : \Ve held it a Misfortuneé and 4 R a can- 0" C‘ 0 "“9 0h 6 a n rs A h h h a h h n n A h h n n I! h a a a 00 B h 1‘“ fl 6 h n " “.flfinnnnn 34° Worthy Citizens. ‘ a Scandal upon. us, that, when thofe Diforders were mentioned, the City was named with it, and that our Delire was ‘to vindicate and re- deem it, by fom‘e public Difavowing it: And we could not begin better, than in‘ the Prefence of their Majeities; and befought their Majelties .to of the City, where the Lord Mayor and Magi- f’trates of‘London have neither Power, nor Li- berty, are more populous, than the City, and fuller of the meaner Sort of People : And if a— ny Dwellers in the City {hould be Aé‘tors in it, as who can deny, but, among Millions of Peo- ple, fome there may be; yet their Purpofe was unknown to us. Andgto give their Majel’ties fome Allurance herein, there were fome prefent there among us, Men that had lived in the Ci- ty above forty Years together, that knew the City, and the better Sort of Citizens, and were at Wo/tminfter attending other Occalions, when thofe People met there, and took a heedful View of them : And they have affirmed, that they knew not the Face of one Man among them.’ ' adanhanannannannnnnnnna Mr. Recorder having ended, his Majel’cy pre- fently and gracioufly gave Anfwer, thus in Ef- fect: ‘ take it into‘ their Confiderations, that the Skirts Their Loyalty. likewife dined with them, ufing them with very great Refpeét. While they were at Dinner, there came two Gentlemen to them, one from his Majefiy, the other from the Qieen, to let them know, that their Majefties had remembered the Health of the Lord Mayor, and the whole City : Which they all entertained with all due Relpeét, returning their humble Thanks, for that their Majef’ties ex— traordinary Favour. 7' Dinner being done, they took their Leaves of the honourable Earl, and other Officers of Qpa- lity and Eminency of the Court, and departed, returning to the Lord Mayor with great Joy and Comfort ; to whom they made Relation of their Majefiies Grace and Favour to his Lordfhip, the whole City, and themfelves. Thus have you feen, as briefly as we could, the Work of this Day; and in it, as well the De- monfiration of the City’s Love, and dutiful Af— feétion to his Majel‘ty, and his Royal Comfort, as their Majefi'ies gracious and loving Acceptation of it; the former being but the bounden Service of good and loyal Subjeéts, the other an extra- ordinary Act of Favour and Grace, worthy to be graven in Tables of Brafs, to be preferved to all - Pofierity. - ’ BOOk I‘d. ~ And, of later Times, however the City, upon The Mayor ‘ That he was very well pleafed with the hear— the fatal putting to Deathof King Charles the hit/t, and Alder- ty and loyal Alfeé‘tions of the Citizens, for was forced to comply with the Government that mall; 121648, which he gave them great Thanks : And for was then fet up by a mighty prevailing Hand -, lgiflnp’figt the firl’t Petition, though he and her Majefiy yet, for the lafiing Memory of the City’s Sted- for a Com- had before propofed to winter at Hampton— fal’tnefs to the ancient kingly Government, and monweahh-" The King’s Anfwer to the Recorder. Knights the Aldermen and Sheriffs. Dine at Court. o'ooanao‘naannannan Court, yet being now fully perfuaded, that the Lord Mayor, and Aldermen, and the mofl; con- fiderable Part of the Citizens of London, had not any Hand in the Diforder mentioned by Mr. Recorder, in his fecond Petition, he in- tended, and ‘fo he knew her Majef’ty would, to alter his Refolution, and with all convenient » Speed repair to Whitehall, there to keep their Chrijlmar, and be ready to do any Thing elfe, that might promote the Trade of the City ; de- firing Mr. Recorder to join with him, in ta- king fome Courfe, for Prevention of the like‘ Diforders for the future.’ After his Majel’ty had ended his Anfwer, and that Mr. Recorder and Sir George Whitmore had killed his Royal Hand, the next Alderman, in Seniority, kneeled down, to receive the like Prince- ly Favour, when, fuddenly and unexpeétedly, his Majei’ty drew a Sword, and inflead of giving him his Hand to kifs, he laid .his Sword upon his Shoulder, and knighted him : The like he did to the other Aldermen, and the two Sheriffs, being all in Number feven. This done, their Majel‘ties gave them their Hands to kifs. The like Princely Favour vouch- fafed they to the Commoners of the Committee: And after many gracious Demonl’trations of Love to them, and the whole City, his Majel’ty com- manded that they fhould dine, before they left the Court. His Majefty’s Command was fully and effec- tually performed ; for as foon as they had in molt humble Manner taken their Leaves of their Ma- jefiies, they were brought, by the Right Ho- nourable the Earl of Dorfit, and by Mr. Comp- troller, and other Officers of the Court, into a Room, where a Table was prepared for them, and .none other, to dine at, where they were bountifully feaf’ted, being honoured with the Pre- to the Maintenance of the'Engli/h Freedom, the Mayor, and feveral of the Aldermen, utterly re— fufed to publifh an Act made by the Commons, foon after the faid King’s Death, intitled, Aln fit? for the Exhoredatz'on of the Royal Line, the Alholtjh- ment of Monarchy in the Kingdom, and the Setting up of a Commonwealth. Thefe that fo refuied, were Sir Ahraham Roinardfon, Mayor, Thomas Adams, yohn Langham, and 7amer Bunco, Aldermen ; for which the Mayor was put out of his Mayoralty, and he, with thofe Aldermen, committed to the Tower. In April following, the three Aldermen were, to be brought to the Bar of the then govern- ing Lords ; which they hearing of, bravely and f’toutly, as good Citizens, and true Engli/hmen,‘ refufed their Authority; and fignified to the Lieu- tenant of the Tower, that they would not obey his Order to bring them before the Bar'of that Houfe, declaring their firm Refolution to {land for the Defence of the e'ftablifhed Laws of the Land, and their Proteltation againf’t the Lords Jurifdiétion over them, or any other Commoners in Criminal Cafes ; with an Appeal from the faid Lords to their proper and competent Judges, 1'. e. a Jury of their Equals, and Judges fworn to pro- ceed according to the known Laws of England. All this may be feen by the Letter and the Petiti- on following: A Salva Libertate, flint to Colonel Tichburn, Lieu- tenant of the Tower, on Sunday, April 23, h} ThOrnas Adams, John Langham, and James Bunce, Aldermen of London, now Prifontr: in J the Tower, heing otooyz‘onetl hy the Receipt of a Paperfent unto them hy the [aid Lieutenant, «where- in the fatal Lieutenant was/oomingly authorifi’d to carry them hofore the Lords on Tuefday next, he- ing the 25th of April. ‘ To our honoured Friend, Colonel Tichhurn, Lieu- tenant of the Tower. fence of the Earl of Dorfit, who vouchfafed to ‘ S I R, dine with them ; and, in their Majel’ties Names, ‘ E received a Paper from you, feeming gave them exceeding great Welcome, exprefling ‘ to authorife you to carry our Perfons to them that Love, which he ever hath abun- dantly manifefi'ed to the City : Mr. Comptroller 2 ‘ before the Lords, to anfwer a Charge: \Ve are ‘ conf’trained to inform you hereby, that our Per- f fons meA 1' W T: XI" XI. fans ought not to be hurried to and fro, or di- iturhed at the Pleafiire-of any Man ; neither can we yield Obedience to the Commands of any, which are not‘legal: 'And, therefore, in Cafe you intend to dii’turb us on Tue/day next, we expeét to fee a legal Warrant from fome Perfon , or Court, which have a Jurifdiction over us, in Cafe of a real or fuppofed Crime : And we mutt acquaint you, that the Lords have no le- whereof we are" accufed or fufpeéted : And, therefore, you mutt expect to anfwer for what- foever Injury you offer to our Perfons : And knowhereby, that we {hall not voluntarily go from hence to Weflminfler, by Virtue of the Pa— C C. C C C C C C C ‘ gal Power to fummon us to anfwer to any Crime, C C C C C C C From our Chambers per received, but {hall fuffer you to carry us, if yOu {hall fend Force which we cannot refii’t.’ 2” our Friend: in the Tower of London, April the > 2 3d, 1 648. and Servants, Thomas Adams, John Langham, James Bunce; To the Right Honourable the Lord: aflembled in Par- C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C liament. The humble Petition of Thomas Adams, John Langham, and James Bunce, dldermen of London, 8e. 9: , ‘ Sheweth, HAT, if your Petitioners {hall fubmit to ' your Lordihips Jurifdiétion over Com- moners in thofe Criminal Cafes or Novalifms in Law, intitled, A’rtieles of Impeachment of High- Treaflm, and other .szdemeanors, they {hall not only be Feloe: defle, but alfo {hall murther the Perfons, and ruin the El’tates of all the free-born People of England; and that which is more, they {hall betray the Common Law, which is the fupreme Authority, under God,"of the Nation, and the Inheritance of every Freeman’s Poflze- rity. And, that which is worlt of all, they {hall be infirumental to pull down all the Judica- tories of the Kingdom, and re-edify an arbitra- ry Government many Stories higher than ever the Star-Chamber, High-Commifion, or Council— T able, were. And, by the fame Rule that your Lordfhips have fined feveral Commoners 5001. a Man, for not Kneeling or Submitting to your Lordfhips Jurifdiétion in Criminal Cafes, for which there is no Law; nay, which is abfo- lutely,a'nd apparently againit the fundamental LaWS of the Land, and the ordinary Rule of your own Court of Judicature, ufually referring ‘ thofe Caufes which appertain to the Common C C C Law to the other Courts of Juftice, efpecially if the People defire it; fo you may fine their F ellow-Citizens and Commoners of England as many Millions, and take away the Lives and Eftates of all, as well as fome, to the perpetu- al defiroying and enflaving the whole Kingdom. By the 29th Chapter of the great Charter, all Commoner: are to be tried by their Equals; and there are thirty Sellions of Parliament which confirm the great Charter, being a Statute de- claratory of the Common Law -, efpecially thofe eminent Laws, wherein your Lordfhips had tion of Right in 3 Car. and the Aft” for abo- lilhing the Star-Chamber, and regulating the Council Table, in 17 Car. in which many Sta- tutes are enumerated, T hat Commoner: ought to be tried by their Equals, by Bill of Indifiment, or Writ Original, and by the/i: of their Neighbour- hood: And all Decrees and Judgments, made contrarythereto, are declared thereby to be null C C C C 'C C C C C ‘ your Shares in Making of them, viz. the Peti- C C C C C C C C C and void in Law, which bars all Precedents. f And by feveral Declarations and Ordinances ‘W'orthy/ Citizens. C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C fluflnnann nnnan not-tn Their Loy/alt}. your Lordfh‘ips have declared, that Ordinances are no Laws, but temporary, during the Wars 3 and, the Cafe of Neceffity being taken away, your Lordlhips have promifed the free People of England, that they {hall be governed accorda mg to the known Laws Of theLand, as it ap‘ pears in the Ordinance, dated the I 5th of j’anu- ary, 164.7. And itis againl’c the. Law of God, Nature, and Nation's, that any Perfon or Per- 'fons fhould be Judge and», Parties, Examiners or Accufers, in their own Caufe,’ or to 'e tried any otherwife than bye known Law; for, where is no Law, there is no Tranfgreflion. It is declared by Sir Edward Coo/e, that the Parlia~ ment cannot make aLaw againft the Law of Nature, which is Cufiom, according to Right and necefi‘ary Reafon.‘ That Precedents are no- thing, in Comparifon of the Common and Sta: tute Laws. Thefe being known Maxims in Law, Afalio ad jus non valet Argumentum. Gui bernandum e/i legibus non exemplis: Articles are , nothing in Law but mere Innovations and Pre4 ' rogatives extrajudicial, efpecially when ordina- ry Perfons are in Qieition. The old Maxim in. Law is, Non recurrendum e/l ad extraordinaria, quando fieri pone/t per ordinaria. And your Lord- ihips are not only fworn, but have impofed fe- veral Oaths, as the Protei’tation, and folemn \ League and Covenant, upon the, free Common- ers of England, to defend the fundamental LaWs of the Land) And they are confident your Lord- ihips will be very tender of the Prefervation of the great Charter, in which are wrapped up our Lives, Liberties, and Ef’tates : Your noble Pre- 'decefl‘ors being f0 glorious and famous I‘ni’trua ments in allifting this People in purchafing the fame. ‘ Concerning the Point of Precedents, which is all can be faid for your LOrdlhips, we fhall give you the Anfwer. ' I. ‘ It is obfervable, that all‘fuch Common‘ ers, which have fubmitted to your Lordihips 'Jurifdiétion, were in the Time of the Civil ”Wars, flagrante Belle, not by Compulfion, but by voluntary ‘Petitions of the Commons, in a- , fummary Way, to the King in Perfon. 2. ‘ One Precedent againl’t your Lordfhips Ju- rifdiétion is of more Confequence than a Thoun fand for it: The Reafon is plain, becaufe all Courts of Judicature are bottomed upon the Law of the Land ; and it cannot be fuppofed that any Court can be mifcognizant of his own Jurifdié‘tion. Your Lordfhips have confeflbd, in Sir Simon de Benisford’s Cafe, that it is againfi the Law for Peers to try Commoners -, and your Predeceflbrs have promiled upon Record, that they will never do the like again, though that Occafion were fuperlative. Rot. 2. Rot, Parl. 5. Numb. 45. 3. ‘ The Corporation of Cambridge was accu- fed before the King and Lords, for complying with the Rebels of Eflex, Kent, and Hertford -, their Council pleaded againf’c the Jurifdiétion of the Lords Houfe, in the Point of Treafon, and the King and Lords allowed of the Plea. 4.. ‘ As there are many Precedents more may be alledged, that Commoners have denied your Lordfhips Jurifdiétion, and that your Lordfhips have tranfmitted fuch Cafes to the Common Law, if defired by the free People ; fo there can no Precedent be lhewn that Commoners, which have refufed to be tried by your Houfe, have been over—ruled by them in Point of Ju- rifdiétion. . 5. ‘ There was never Precedent, fince there were Parliaments in England, that the fame Seli- fion of Parliament hath imprifoned, fined, or any otherwife diffeized or dei’troyed any Man, for obeying or executing the Laws, Ordinances, C Q!" on 34a. The City’s Acts for bringing back King Cbar/es the Second, at a Common- Council, De- cember, [059. Loyalty of Citizens. or Orders of the fame Parliament. And there are many Ordinances in, Force, which indem— nify all thofe' which havetaéted by the Autho- rityofParliament, *viz. May 26, 164.2. 1. P. {Book Decl. P. .281. 7am: 14., 1642. P. 377.’ The Preniilfes confidered, _ Your Petitioners, being free-Commoners of Eng- . land, according to the known Laws of the - Land, de yore, claim their Birthright, which ’ is to be tried by God and their Country, in his - Majei’ty’s Court of:}ul’rice, by the fworn Judges . of .the Law, and a ’Jury of their Equals, of their ' . own Neighbourhood, where the pretended Faét -' was done, the Courts of Juftice being open. And your Petitioners fball pray, Sec. .Ann, IP- 0 w“ 'And how forward and infirumental the City was in bringing ”back King Charles the Second, af— ter his long Banifhment, and in refioring the an- cient Confiitution of the Kingdom after the Ufur- pation, may appear by their promoting a free Parliament, and other notablevThings done by them at a Common—Council, Deceme. 29, 1659. To lt/ois Common-Council was prefented a Report 5y _ Alderman F owke, the Tenor wkereoffollowetb. At the Committee of Common-Council, {9%. . Voted, ‘ » I. HAT this Committee conceive the City ‘_ of London is at this Time in imminent and extraOrdinary Danger. 2. That they judge it abfolutely neceifary, at this Time, for the Court of Common-Council to put this City forthwith in a Pofture of Defence. 3. And, in Order thereto, That the Mayor, ‘Aldermen, and Common-Council, fettle fix Re- giments of Trained Bands, with their refpeétive Commanders and Officers. ' 4. That the Naming of thofe Commanders and Officers be left to the LOrd Mayor, Aldermen, and Common—Council. > That the faid Commanders and Officers Com— [millions {hall be under the common Seal of the City, to be fealed in open Court, before the May- 'or, Aldermen, and Common-Council. Touching the Letters received from Port/mouth, and the Fleet,,the Opinion of the Committee is, That feveral Commiffioners be forthwith ap- pointed to confer with the Lord Fleetwood, with Sir Art/our Hajlerig, Colonel Morley, and Colonel Walton, and with Vice-Admiral Law/on, and o— ther Officers of the Fleet, in Order to the Safety of the City, and the Peace and Settlement of the ‘ Nation, and in due Time to give an Anfwer to General Monk’s Letter. That, in Order to the obtaining of that Peace and Safety, the Common-Council do impower thofe Commifiioners to propound the Convening of a free Parliament, according to a late Decla- ration of this Court. Voted, That thefe Votes be reported to the Common-Council by Alderman Fow/ee. Which Report being read, and every Part thereof feverally debated, was by this Court con- firmed and approved of, faving the Right Of the Court of Aldermen. Alderman Fowlee, Mr. Richard Ford, and Wil- liam Bateman, Efq; appointed Commiflioners to confer with Vice- Admiral Lawfon. Alderman Tompfon, Col. Bromfield, and Maxi- milian Beard, appointed Commifiioners to confer with Sir Art/oar Haflertg‘, 8cc. Alderman Bateman, William Vincent, Efq; and john 7oll , Efq; appointed Commiflioners to con— fer with the Lord Heywood and the Speaker. Iii/fruition: for the Commifioncrs. , To acquaint them that this Court hath receiv- a ed their Letters, and do return Thanks for their good Exprefiions, touching the Peace and Vilel‘fare . of the Nation. . To acquaint them what the Court hath refolv‘ ed for the Peace and Safety of the City. And, in Purfuance of the Declaration of De«-. cember the 20th, to confer of the belt Way to fet- tle' the Nation in a Way of free Parliament, and to offer” what they conceive conducing thereto, and to mediate Agreement and Peace between, all Parties, in Order to a free Parliament. /, ,And the Commiflioners impowered to confer with the refpeétive Parties in any Place or Places they {hall fee fit, and to report it to this.Court‘. : Deceméer 24-, I659, Ordered that the Chains and Polls lbe fet up. ' . . » Alderman Rodinfon, Alderman Bateman, Ala derman Laurence, Alderman King, AldermanBol— ton, and Alderman Wale were chofen the Colonels of the fix Regiments of Trained-"Bands to be raif- ed by this City. ' ~ . , - Lieutenant-Colonel Tel/let", Major Kiley, Cap— tain PVin/tanley, ~ Captain William Keane, Captain Hufley, and Captain Blnncken, for the Green. Lieutenant- Colonel Clagget, Major Stanyon, Captain Locke, Captain Lee, Captain Cheefi’, and. Captain Thomas Swale, for the Red. ' Lieutenant—Colone1»fl: aylor, "Major Green/Dill, Captain Coo/re, ’Captéi’nfiMafley, Captain Had/on, and Captain Smart, jun. ”l'br the White. Lieutenant-Colonel Alflr , MajorPin/tncy, Cap- tain Thoma: ‘Bofloc/ee, Captain Andrews, and Cape tain Day, for the Orange. _' j _ , Lieutenant-Colonel Cox; gMajor Earely, _ Cape tain Richard Ford, Captain Peter Honblon, Cap— tain Thoma: Bonfoy, and'Captain Rodert Fi/laer, for the Blue. , _ ' _ ' Lieutenant-Colonel Hind, Major Neale, Cap— tain Fawne, Captain Bolt, Captain 'Walton, and Captain Colclnjter, for the Yellow. _ Setting up the Pol’ts and Chains to be forborne. Decemb. 27, I659, Alderman Fore/re, and the Commiflioners to Vice-Admiral Law/on, . made a Report of their Conference. A Committee ap pointed to attend the Parliament. The Council of State, as the governing Party Votes againm then called themfelves, finding the City of Lon- the Citr don thus generally inclined to bring in the King, and, in Order to that, f’tanding for a free Parlia~ ment, and perceiving how ill they flood affeétn ed to the prefent Power, made fome Refolutions : Thefe Votes palfed the 9thkof February, I659. That the Commiflioners for Government of the Army do appointrForces to be in London, for preferving the Peace thereof, and of the Com- monwealth ; and for reducing of the City to the Obedience of the Parliament: And that the Com- miflioners take Care, that the Pofts and Chains in the 'faid City be taken away, and the Gates of the City forthwith deftroyed. And thefe Refolves of the Houfe were fent to General Mon/e, and. that he Ihould put the fame in Execution -, who, however dilfatisfied with the ungrateful Work, executed their Orders : And, in the Sight of the ' Citizens, to be puniihed for their Loyalty, took down their Port-cullices and Gates, and took a- way their Poi’ts and Chains : And Mon/e and his Forces quartered in the City; where, notwith- ftanding, he had many Vifitants of the chief Ci- tizens, and of the fecluded Members. And further, to prevent the City’s good Inten- Common- Council of tions for the Refioration of the King and ancient Government, the Parliament, finding the Com. [La ‘6 d mon-Council of London to be againft them, or- dered, it {hould be difcontinued, and an A6}: brought in to confiitute a new Common-Council. Yet notwithf’tanding the City brought their Coum fels to bear foon after: And a free Parliament was proclaimed inuLondon, which .voted in the ' ' King: Book I. Chap. xxxr. Loyd/ty of warm, 343. King : Wherein, as we fee, the City had a pre- vailing Hand. ‘ repealed, and made abfolutely null and void. ‘ Which Proceedings, or the mofl: of them, they \ Former (edi- And further, after the Refioration, the Citi- ‘ fet down, and prefented to this Court for that tiOus Ads of zens, to fhew their Abhorrence of the arbitrary ‘ Purpofe: And defired that fome few' of them gig; Doings of thofe Times, formally made an. Act ‘ might be openly read, to beget in this Court, as - pealed; ‘of Common-Councrl, 168 3, Sir William Priteb— : it had done in them, a jufi: Abhorrence and 'wnn'nan'afl ara’ Mayor, for repealing the treafonable and :difloyal Acts and Proceedings of that Court ,in the Time of the late Rebellion; a certain Number of eminent Citizens, Aldermen, and Commoners, having been appointed diligently to look over all pal’t Acts of Common—Council made in thofe Times, and to report them. As appears more at large by the faid Act of Common- Council, viz. ‘ The 6th of 7am, I 683, at a Common—Coun— cil. This Day a Report was brought into this Court by the Committee appointed to infpe€t the Acts and Proceedings entered into the Jour-é nal of this Court in the Times of Ufurpation, or at any Time» before or fince, that might be fit to be explained or repealed : The Tenor of which Report is as followeth, that is to fa : \ , ‘yTo the Right Honourable the Lord Mayor, 7‘ Aldermen, and Commons of the City of Lon- ‘ don. Whereas by a late Order of this Honour— ‘able Court it was referred unto them, whofe ‘ Names are fubfcribed, [thefe were Sir lVilliam ‘ Turner, Sir j‘ames, fiééandS, Sir feign Moor, ‘ Sir Henry Tnlfe, =Sirfi’7‘flaenzas Lang/9am, Francis ‘ Grail/9, Nathaniel 'Hawer, Henry Leads, Peter ‘ flilwarz‘lp, Nit/gala: Clearlezfen, Thoma: Vernon,] ‘ to infpeél: the Acts, and other Proceedings en— " tered in the Journal of this Court, in the Times hanaonh‘nnnnoo Detel’tation of fuch Proceedings.’ And then follows aCatalogue of them, from th6e Year 164.1, and f0 yearly down to the Year I 57. , ‘._.All which Particulars, as the {aid Coma ‘ mittee did proceed, being highly difloyal, and favouring ofthe F action and Ufurpation of theft: unhappy Times, they thought fit lhould by Act of this Court be difclaimed, revoked, abroga- ted, and repealed, to all Intents and Purpofes whatfoever : Both to demonfirate the Love to, and good Affection of the prefent Members of this Court to his Majelty, and the efiablilhed Government, and to vindicate them from all Imputation of the like pernicious Principles and Practices, and cxprefs their Dilliléx: of all faétious Innovations. So alfo it will prevent any ill Ufe that may be made, in Time to come, of the faid irregular Actions.’ After the Reading of which Reports openly in the Court, they were approved of and agreed to and confirmed. And it was enacted by the Lord Mayor, Aldermen, and Commons, in that Common-Council affembled,‘ that all the feve- rai Acts, Orders, and Proceedings, therein pro- pounded to be difclaimed and repealed, be re- pealed and made void. And they, and every of them, were by the Authority of this Court, difclaimed, repealed, and made null and void. ‘ of Ufurpation, or at any Times, {995. that may be thought fit to be explained or repealed, they did humbly certify, that, in Purfuance of The City is thus loyal to their Princes, but The City’s yet jealous of‘the Invafion of their Religion and 3“???“ m f. Liberty. This was the Caufe the Citizens fo ofangiiiigsg C G ‘ the faid Order, they had perufed and examined ‘ thofe Journals; wherein they found not only many Innovations and lrregularities brought into that Court and the Government of the City, but alfo mofl: pernicious and abominable Proceedings, in abetting and carrying on thofe wicked and unnatural Divifions then raifed in the Kingdom, and ferving the Ufurpations of thofe Times. All, or molt of which, they perfuaded themfelves could never have had. ‘ C K a ‘ ‘ ‘ t ‘ Place in this Court, had not Violence been ‘ offered to the Government of the City. The ‘ Lord Mayor firf’t arrei’ted and imprifoned, di— ‘ vers loyal Aldermen and Commoners were, " fome imprifoned, others difplaced, and all ‘ loyal Citizens generally difcountenanced and ‘ difcouraged; and others of factious, and un— ‘ quiet, and turbulent Spirits, got themfelves in- ‘ to the Common—Council, and made up the ‘ greater Number therein. That all thefe'Ac- ‘ tions and Proceedings might, as they deferved, ‘ be obliterated and wholly expunged, that no ‘ Remembrance thereof might be ’tranfmitted to ‘ Pofierity, to the Shame and Dilhonour of this ‘ Court and City; but that other Matters were ‘ thereWithal intermixed, which, ‘for the Sub- ‘ fiance of them, were in their Opinion inoffen- 6 5 C E C C C C ‘ 6 C 6 ‘ 6 five, ufeful, and fit to be continued. That fe— ' veral Committees had been appointed formerly by this Court to obliterate the faid unjufc Pro-- ceedings, and there were Lines crofled over divers of them, which they prefumed were made by the fame Committees : But not being thereby obliterated, but {till remaining in the Books of the Acts and Proceedings of this Court, and never having been particularly dif- claimed and repealed by any Vote or Act of this Court that they had obferved; they thought it very fitting, that the faid, and all other like difloyal and irregular Proceedings, lhould; by an exprefs Aét of this Council, be renounced, readily received the Prince of Orange, An. 1688. as appears by their Addrefs, which was to this Tenor: ' To lair Higlandt llaePrinee of ORANGE. The laamlzle flda’re/i of the Lord Mayor, flldermen, and Common: aft/2e City of London, in Common- Conneil aflenal‘led. N " A Y it pleafe your Highnefs. We ta- king into Confideration your High: nefs’s fervent Zeal for the Protef’tant Religion, ‘manifef‘ted to the World in your many and ha- zardous Enterprizes, in which it hath pleafed Almighty God to blefs you with miraculous Succefs : We render our deepelt Thanks to the “ Divine Majel’ty for the fame: And beg Leave to prefent our molt humble Thanks to your Highnefs, particularly for your appearing in Arms in this Kingdom, to carry on and perfeét- your glorious Defign to refcue Englandx Storm land, and Ireland, from Slavery and Popery ; “ and in a free Parliament to ef’tablilh the Reli- gion and Laws of thefe Kingdoms upon a fure‘ “ and lafl'ing Foundation. We have hitherto “ looked for fome Remedy, for the Oppreffions and imminent Dangers we, together with our Proteltant Fellow-Subjects, laboured under, from his Majef’ty’s Conceflions and Concur- “ rences with your I-lighnefs’s juf’c and pious Pur- “ pofes, exprefs’d in your gracious Declarations. But, herein finding ourfelves finally difapppint- A ed, by his Majef’cy’s withdrawing himfeli, we prefume to make your Highnefs our Refuge ; “ and do in‘ the Name of this capital City ima plore your Highnefs’s Protection; and molt humbly befeech your Highnefs to vouchfafé to repair to {his City, where your Highnefs will be received 'with univerfal Joy and 5a;- tifaélion.”:i -( ‘ i ‘ » And as Learning and Wif‘dom do no lefs adorn , than Wealth, and other Accomplifhments 3 fo the 4 3 City h n h .. _. :44 Citizens ho- nourable for their Wifdom and Learn- ing. Honour of Citizens. City hath ng’t wanted learned and Wife Men: That on that Account have been preferred to the Courts of Princes, or have been of very good Ufe to the City, for their prudent Advice and Council, as there has been Occafion. Such were Dr. Coiet, Dean of St. Paul’s, the Son of a Citi— zen; and Sir Thomas More, Lord Chancellor of England, well known among the Learned; Sir Thomas Puget, Secretary of State to King Hen— ry VIII, and Privy Counfellor alfo to the two fucceeding Princes; the Lord Rich, Lord Chan— cellor to King Edward VI; Sir PVii/iam Fitz— .‘ I/Viiiiams, Earl of Southampton; and Sir j’ehn fliien, A Citizen’s wife Advice. before- mentioned ; Sir Lionel Cranjieid, Lord Treafurer to King fame: I. But, among thole that have juftly acquired an honourable Re— memb‘rance for their Abilities in Prudence and fober Advice, George Stadiow, Citizen and Ha- berdafher of London, mufi: not be forgotten; Who made that memorable Speech to his Fellow- Citizens, how to manage themfelves in a very difficult Juné‘ture: When, in the Year I 551, the Duke of Somerf-t, Lord Protector, and the other great Lords of the Court were in Diffenfion; and both getting together Forces againi’t each other. Then did the Duke in the King’s Name fend to them for Aid; and the other Party, fitting at Ely Houfe in the City, requiring Aid of them on the other Hand. A dangerous Matter on either Side, and very diflicult for the City to fieer right, f0 as to preferve herfelf in Safety. When the Recorder. had urged the City to aliift the Lords with 500 Men, and the Citizens remained lilent, not knowingwhich Way to take, Stadiow f'tood up and faid, That it was good to think of Things pai’t, to avoid the Danger of Things to come. And then he mentioned a Paffage that he had read in Fahian’s Chronicle, fomewhat parallel to their prefent Circumi’tance : Which was,- That, in the Barons Wars, under King Henry III, the Barons then demanded Aid of the Mayor and City, as the Lords now did, and that even in a rightful Caufe for the COmmonweal ; namely, for the Execution of certain good Laws, which the King would not fuifer to be executed. Whereupon the .City did aid them : And the Barons prevailed againi’t the King. Afterwards upon certain Con- ditions the King and his Barons came to Agree- ‘ment. One of which Conditions was, That the King fhould grant his Pardon to the Lords and to the Citizens. And to he did, and the Pardon ratified by Aét of Parliament. And What fol- lowed of it? faid he; Was it fdrgbtten? No, furely, nor forgiven neither, during the King’s Life. And the Liberties of the City were taken "aWay, Strangers appointed to be our Heads and Governors, and the Citizens given away, Body and GoOds, and miferably afflicted. Such, faid he, is the Wrath of a Prince. Whereupon he very prudently advifed, that both the Lords and the Citizens might join together to make humble Petition to the King, that he would hear- fuch, Complaints againft the Government of the Lord Proteétor, as might be jui’tly alledged and proved. And‘the'n he made no Doubt, the Mat- _ter‘wou1d be f0 pacified, that neither the King, nor the Lords, ihould have caufe to feek for fur- ther Aid of Soldiers, the lafl; Extremity. This- was the wife and moderate Advice of this Citi-I ‘ zen: Which took Place. And the Commons flayed, .and the Lords took another COurfe, namely, of addreliing the King. And fo the ,City efcaped that Danger. This Geor e Stadiow feems to have been Very itudious in I iflory, and the Art of Government. 7 It was he that 'éxCit‘e‘d Rape Rohinfon to’ tranflate' More’s Utopiaintofingii/h,» .a Book that difcove’rs a ' .weH-sOYsmsd Campinas " ‘ tend to advance the Honour of the City itfelf. London is commonly fioried to be before Reine itfelf was built, and to be rocked in a Trojan Cradle, by‘ the Founder and Father thereof, he- roic Brute, or Bryt, as the moi‘t antient Monu- ments extant bear Witnefs; fetting alide all late Fancies that have been fuperf’truéted thereupon. Under Claudius Cafar, it was the Metropolis of the Trinohantes, the Chief Kingdom of Bri— tain. Under other Ceefars afterwards, it was cal- led Augu/ta, or the Majei’tical or Imperial City. And, for Largenefs, Concourfe, Navigation,Trade, and Populofity, it very hardly gives Way to any City in Europe ; and excels all in the World for good Government, or at leaf’t doth match and equal them. V 7 The Citizens of this City have been honoured The Citizens and even courted by the Kings and (Lueens. called 3‘1th Some of .them, in former Times, have given antlendy' the Citizens the honourable Title of Baronet, Ba— rons. - ' Matthew Paris hath a Palfage, where, in fome Inftrument of King Henry the Third, are thefe Words : L o N D o N I E N s E s, quot propter Civitatis Dignitatem, {5’ flntiguitat‘ein Civium, BflRON E S eonfuevimus appeiiare : “ The L0 N D o N E R s, “ whom, by Reafon offihe Dignity of the City, “ and the Antiquity of’i't'he Citizens, we have “ been wont to call Bfl'RONS.” Divers Princes and Kings have been pleafed Kings free of to be incorporated into fome of the Companies, the Cit)“ and have chofen to be F reemen of the City. Henry the Seventh, a very wife Prince, is faid to have been in Perfon at the Election of Mafter and Wardens of the Merchant-Taylors, and to have fat openly among them in a Gown of crim- ' fon Velvet of the F afhion, with a Citizen’s Hood of Velvet on his Shoulders, Alamode de Londres, upon their folemn Feaf’t-Day, in the Common-3 Hall of the faid Company. (Lueen Eiifaheth was free of the Mercers. King 7am: the Fir/t incorporated himfelf in- to the Clothworkers, as Men dealing in the prin- cipal and noblel’t Staple—Wares of all thefe Iflands, viz. Woollen Cloths. And of ween EIifaheth this further is to be Qieen Elna—1 remembered, that fhe was fprung direétly from a 53”) fPrimes d- from a Cltk C Citizen, viz. Sir Geofry Buiien, fometime Lor Mayor of London; who Was lineally Anceftor to z Qieen flnne, her Mother, no longer before than the Reign of King Henry the Sixth. And {he did Sir Martin Caithorp, when Mayor of London, the HOnour to call him Kinfman, as indeed he was. It muft be added alfo, to the City’s Honour, Lord Fitz; ' that it antiently had the Lord Fitz—Walter for Walter the her Banneret. There was an old imperfeét Volume in the Ofiee of firm, where the faid Lord Fitz-[Valter’s ofimfarm; Picture flood. He is there reprefented fianding, and holding a long Sword in his Right-hand, and a Standard refiing on the Ground in his Left, with the Figurelof St. Paul depiéted there— on, the titular Patron of the City before The- n’eas a Beeket’s Time, with a Sword in his Right— hand, and a Book in his Left. On the Lord Fitz—Walter’s Shield, the Well—known Armour of the City, the Crofs and Sword. And upon his Coat-Armour, which he Wore in thisPiéture, the . hereditary Enfigns of his own illui’trious Family; ‘ which are, Or, a Fefs between two Chevergns Gales. There needs no‘ greater Demoni’tration of the City’s antient Honour, than that a principal Ba- r'o‘n of the Realm was by Tenure her Standard- , Bearer. ha; ' ‘ It, Book- I. i In fine, to‘ conclude this Subjeft, and this firfi The Honour Book ; fince we have faid all this of the Honour 0f the City- of the Citizens, let us add a few Things, that CW” Adm" Chap. XXXI . flavour of tbe City. The City en- It hath not been unufual for the City to en- a very large Bafon and Ewer, ric ly gilt, and tertain the Ltertain foreign Princes: ,Which they have done ,Curioufly wrought, and two great glt Pots, {hit- Palfgrave at fplendidly, and made them Prefents. able to the reit: On every of which, was en— Dmner‘ One Infiance whereof was, Anna 16 I 2. Fre- graven, 0171713 L ON D O N-‘ :7. s. deric Count Palatine of the Rhine, called the Peg/grave, then came into England, to marry the Lady Elifaéetb, King 7anm’s Daughter. And on the Twentym’inth of Oflober, when the Lord And, upon the Marriage, the Lord Mayor and Aldermen prefented the Lady EZz'ntzet/o with a fair Chain of oriental Pearl, which coi’t above 2000A When King 7mm: t/ae Fir/i came from Edin- The Citizens énrg/a to Wind/or, from whence he came to his PrefentKing City of London, the Citizens prefented him with 7"”’“.W”h a Purfe of five Hundred Pieces of Gold: The 500 Places' Mayor and Aldermen meeting him, in a very magnificent and fplendid Manner, and above four Hundred Citizens in Chains of Gold, and well 'mounted, at Hyde—Perle. Mayor took his Oath, according to Cuf’tom, the faid Prince was entertained at Guildhall, at the Mayor’s Feai’t; accompanied With the Arch- biIhop of Canterbury, the Duke of Lenox, the Bifhop of London, and divers other Earls and Lords. After Dinner, the Mayor and his Brethren, in Behalf of the City, prefented the Palfgrave with The End of the Fuji BOOK. A SUR- A SURV EY OF THE CITIESCF LONDON and WESTMINSTER, +r And the Borough of SOUTHWARK. BOOK II, Containing a particular Infpeétion into the thirteen Wards on the Eaf’t Side of WAL B R0 0 KE. CHAP. I. The Drug/2072 of the CITY into four Parts: And im‘o newly—fix W arch, at: flldermanrz'es, wit/5m and wit/gout the Walls. ALVING thus, in a Generality, han— fitted with Tradefmen, Artificers, Mariners, Waa‘ dled the Original of the City, the termen, and fuch as have their Subfif’tence by, Walls, Gates, Ditches, and frefh Wa- and on the Water: Befides Abundance of Porters ters of it; its Br'idgesVTowers, and and Labourers, ufeful, in their Kind, to do the Caftles, Houfes of Law, the Colleges molt fervile Work in each of the four Parts. and Schools of Learning, the Hofpitals, and cha- All thefe four Parts, taken together, have a vafl: Its Extent: ritable Foundations; I am now to fet down the Extent : F or from the fartheit End, beyond Pet.- ' Dif‘tribution of this City intos Parts; and more ty—mee weftward, .unto Blackwall in the Eaft, efpecially to declare the Antiquities Note-worthy, is reckoned above five Miles; and from the far- in every of the fame. And then, afterwards, how thei’t End of Sboredz'z‘cla northwards, to the End , both the Whole and Parts have been, from Time of Blackman-flreet in Soutbwark, fouthward, is to Time, ruled and governed. about three Miles, making in Circumference a.— Lomz’aizdiVi— The City of Lam/m, taking in that alfo of bove fifteen Miles. . dcd into four Weflmmfler, with the adjacent Parts which fur- This great and .populous City contains in the Streets; Parts- round them, may not improperly be divided into Whole fix or feven Thoufand Streets, Lanes, Al- Lanes: R. B. four Parts. The Firf’t is the City of London leys, Courts, and Yards of Name, and general- (mum’w‘: within the W’alls and Freedom, which is inha- 1y very full of Inhabitants. Before the late dread- bitcd by wealthy Merchants and Tradefinen, with ful Fire of Lam’m, the Houfes within the Walls Number of a MiXture of Artificers, as depending on Trade were computed to be about thirteen Thoufand, Houfes. and Manufacture. Secondly, The City or Liber- and that is accounted not above a fiXth Part of ty of Wyfmz'nfler, and the adjacent Parts, which the four Parts: And, in thefe latter Years, whole are taken up by the Court and Gentry, yet not Fields have been converted into built Streets, without a Mixture of eminent Tradelinen and Alleys, and Courts; as the great Buildings about Artificers. Thirdly, That Part beyond the Tower, the Abbey of Wefimz‘nfler, TotbiZZ—fields, and thofe Great Addiq Which comprii‘ethSt. Catharine’s, Eafl—sz’tbfield, Parts : Then the greatei’t Part of St. 7ames’s Pa- tiOPS Pf W'appiag, Studied], Raz‘dz‘ ', Limeboufe, and f0 riih, as St. yames’s Fields, Albemarle-Buildirzgs, Buddmg” eaftward to Blackwell : Which are chiefly inha- St. yames’s—flreez‘, Piccadill , GoMcn-fguare, all the bited. by feafaring Men, and thofe that, by their Streets in Saba-fields, wherein is St. flim’s Parifh; Trades, or otherwii‘e, have their Dependence alfo all Bloom/bury, King’s—fquare, and the new thereon. And, fourthly, Sautbttiark, which, tak- Streets thereabouts; the feveral Streets by St. ing in all the Borough, as almoi’t as far as New- Giles’s-Cburc/y, Red-Lion—fquczrc, and the feveral ingzm lbuthwards, to Rather/hilly in the Ball, and Streets abutting thereon; all Hanan—Garden, and to LamZ/et/J in the W cit, is generally inhabited and the Streets on the back Part of Purple-lane t:- I war 3 Chap. . i. wards the Fields, as Ziguorpoud-flreet, See. The great and little Lineoln’s~ItzIt-fields, all Caveat—gar— den, and the feveral Streets abutting thereon; the feveral Streets in Cork and Pye Fields; alfo for/e- huildiugs, Beauford—huildiugr, Salijhury-huildiags, Durham-yard, Exeter—huildiags, Aruudel-huildiags, all Norfolk-buildings, Eflex-huildiug‘r; the feveral Streets by Clare—market: All which are very po- pulous, and full of Courts and Alleys; and, in the cafe and north Parts, the Spittle—fields, Good— man’s-fields, with divers Other Places, too tedious to name. All which were only Fields and wai‘te Grounds. Beiides thefe, there hath been a very great Increafe of Buildings, in converting of Gardens and great Houfes into Courts, Squares, and Alleys, throughout the whole City.] But now to Ih'ew how London was antiently, and to this Day is divided. The City of The antient Divifion of this City was into Land” diVl’ Wards, or Aldermanries: And therefore Iwill (led from . a ‘ be in at the bait, and fo proceed though the 3113:0deth high and molt principal Streets of the City to the Haliafidl‘f’; Welt, after this Ill/IMEZH fl h I} no" . a ’ Fir , Throu ate- reet, to t e we Tile lug? and Come/it1 of St. zfgridrew’sgChurch, called Under- prinCipa _ . Street. jhaft, on the Right—hand, and Lime-ft‘reet Cor- ner on the Left -, all which is of Aldgate Ward. From thence through Cornhill—jlreet to the weft Corner of Leaderihall; all which is of Lime—flreet Ward. From thence, leaving the Street that Ieadeth to Bi/hop/gate on the Right-hand, and the Way that leadeth into Graee-ehurch—flreet on the Left, fiill through Corrthill—flreet, by the Con- duit, to the weft Corner againit the Stocks; all which is in Coruhill Ward. Then by the faid The 3min. Slot/<5, a Market-place, both of Fill} and F leih, Market in {landing in the Midit of the City, through the the Mid“ °f Poultry, a Street fo called, to the great Conduit ‘he Clty‘ in welt Cheap, and fo through Cheap to the Standard, which is of Cheap Ward, except on the fouth Side, from Bow-lane, to the faid Stan— dard, which is of Cordwairier-flreet Ward. Then by the Standard to the great Crofs, which is in Cripplegate Ward, on the north Side, and in Bread— fireet Ward on the fouth Side : And to the little Conduit by Paul’s Gate, from whence, of old Time, the faid High—fireet firetched {’t‘raight on to Ludgate, all in the Ward of Farriugdou-withiu, then divided truly from Eait t0 Weft -: But fince St. Paul’s that, by Means of the Burning of Paul’s Church, .Chml} b‘m‘t which was in the Reign of PVilliam the Fir/t, fur— m 22%;)“- named Conqueror, Mauritius, then Bilhop of Lon- dilime. don, laid the Foundation of a new Church, fo far, in Largenefs, exceeding the old, that the Way, towards Ludgate, was thereby greatlyi‘treightened, , as before I have difcourfed. . . The City di- Now, from the North to the South, this City vided from was, of old Time, divided, not by a large high North to Way, or Street,vas from Bait to Well, but by a 8:???an fair Brook of fweet Water, which came out from :Wefiafialfl the north Fields, through the. Wall and Mrdi’t of the City, into the River of 7hame5; and which ‘Divifion is, till this Day, confiantly and With- outChange, maintained. This Water was called, The Courfe 0f Walhroohe, and Reafon °f the Name‘ running through, and from the W311 Of this CitY- The Courfe whereof, to profecute it particularly, was, and is, from the faid Wall, to St. Mar- . garet’s Church in Lothhury, from thence, be— neath the lower Part of the Grocers-Hall, about .the call Part of their Kitchen, under St. Mil- dred’s Church, fomewhat wei’t from the faid Stocks-market: From thence through Buo/elerf- hury, by one great Houfe', builtyof Stone and Timber, called the Old~Barge, becauie Barges out of the River of .Thames were rowed up f0 far into this Brook, on the back Side of the Houfes NUMB. XXX. ‘ Portfoken Ward. asI have faid, Walhroolee [not Callus Brook, of _ a Roman Captain, flain by ~f1felepiodatur, and _ thrown therein, as fome have fabled, . but],of g 347 In Walhroohe—flreet, which Street taketli N‘aihi‘i of the faid Brook, by the weft End of St. 7ohu’s Church 'upon ll/alhrooh‘e, Under Horyhoe—hridge, by the well Side of Tallow—chandlers Hall, and of the Skinner: Hall, and fo behind the bther Houfes to Elhow—laue, and by a Part thereof, dO‘Wn Green; with—latte, into the River of Thames. .' . . This is the Courfe of Walhroohe, which was, The Contra of old Time, bridged over in divers Places, for ”f W "15mg! Paflhge of Horfes and Men, as Need reunited: “€th dye“ But fince, by Means of Incroachment bu the. Banks thereof, the Channel being greatly fireighté ened, and other Ahnoyances done thereunto; at length, the fame, by common Confent, was arch- ed over with Brick, and paved with Stone, equiil with the Ground where-through it pafled, and is now in molt Places built upon, that no Man may, by the Eye, difcern it. And thereforethe Trace thereof is hardly known to the common People. ' This City being thus divided from Eaf’t to This my 4;: VVei’t, and from North to South; I am further vided into" to fliew how the fame was, of old Time, broken - ards' into divers Parts, called Wards, whereof Fitz- jlephea, more than four hundred Years ago, wri— teth thus : This City, faith he, even as Rome, is. divided into Ward: 3 it hath yearly Sherzfi}, iflflé’ddc of Cou/ulr; it hath the Dignity of Senator: in. all-4 dermeu, &c. The Number of thefe Wards in London were, Wardsin tau: both before, and in the Reign of Henry III, twen- do" 24, Pa- ty—four in all; whereof thirteen lay on theeafttemkem’d‘ Side of the faid Walhrooke, and eleven on the Weft of the fame. Notwithi’tanding, thefe’ ele- ven grew much more large and big.- than thofe 0n the Eaf’t : And therefore inthe Year of Chriit 139 3, the 17th of Richard II, Farriugdanard, which was then one entire Ward, but mightily increafed by Buildings without the Gates, was by Parliament appointed to be divided into two, and have two Aldermen, to wit, Farriiigdon With- . in, and Farriiigdou without, which made up the Number of twelve Wards on the weft Side of Walhroohe, and fo came the whole Number of Wardsifl twenty—five on both Sides. . 1'07“” 254 Moreover, in the Year I 5 50, the Mayor, Com,- monalty, and Citizens of London, purchafing the Liberties of the Borough of Southwark, appoint— ed the fame to be a‘Ward of London; and f0 bee came the Number of thirt’eenWards on the Bali, twelve on the Weft, and one on the South of the River Thames, lying in the faid Borough of . . Southwarh, in the County of Surry; which in all Wards 5'” ‘ arife to the Number of twenty—fix Wards, and 33”?” a“? twenty—fix Aldermen of London to govern them; >~ 6/ mug” of S oath- rwarh, 26. The Names of the Wards on the wit Part of Namcsof Walhroohe are thefe: ~ Wards 1"! I. Portfoleeu Ward without the Wallse Lam“ 2. Tower—[treat Ward. 3. Aldgate Ward; . V 4. Lime-flreet Ward. , , _ .. _ y 5. Bi/hopfgate Ward, within the Walls and without. . 6. Broad-[treetWard 7. Corrihill Ward. ‘ 8. Laughourne Ward.- 9. Billiugfiate Ward, 10. Bridge Ward within. 4 I I. Candlewiebflreet Wardi 7 _12. Walhroohe Ward. ~ ' I 3. Dowugate Ward.- Fitz‘fliphm; 7 The Wards on the Weill Side of 'Walhroohé , . _ are thefe: 14.,Viutry Ward. ‘ _ . I 5. C ordwaiuerzfireet Ward. 16. Cheap ‘Ward. ' I7. Colemaiz-flreet Ward. 4 T is. Baflag‘f 348 Port/Eaten Ward. Knighten- Gui/d. Lih. Trin. The Original berty of a Guild for ever. their Requelt, with Conditions following; to, thereof. Bounds of Knighten- Guild, or Port/ohm- Ward. The Liber- ties confirm— ed. Lih. Trinit. Portfoken Ward. 18. Ba/inghall Ward. 19. Crzjbplegate Ward, within and without. 20. Aldeifgate Ward, within and without. 21. Farringdon Ward within. 22. Bread—flreet Ward. 2 3. Qaeenhithe Ward. Trinity Priory. 24. Ca/l'le-Baynard Ward. 25. farringdon Ward without the Vlalls. One Ward fouth of the River of T homes, in the Borough of Soathwarh, by the Name of, 26-. Bridge Ward without. C H A P. II. PORTSOKENWW AR 1), The firft Ward in the eaPt Part. Knighten-Guild. The Bounds; Trinity Church and Canons; St. Catharine’s. Eaf’t-Smithfield. The New Abbey. The Minories. Goodman’s—Fields. St. 'Botolph, Aldgate. Benefaétorr. The modern State of . this Ward. EEING that of every of thefe Wards I have to fay fomewhat, I will begin with Portfohen Ward without Aldgate. This Port/”oken, which foundeth as much as the Franchife at the Gate, was fome Time a Guild, and had this Beginning, as I have read : In the Days of King Edgar, more than {even Hundred ; Years fince, there were thirteen Knights, or Sol— diers, well beloved to the King and Realm for Services by them done; who requei’ted to have a ' certain Portion of Land on the eai’t Part of the City, 'left defolate and forfaken by the Inhabi-' tants, by Reafon of too much Servitude ; they be- fought the King to have this Land, with the Li— The King granted wit, That each of them ihould viétoriorxfly accom— pliih three Combats ; one above the Ground, one under Ground, and the third in the‘Water. And, after this, at a certain Day, in Eafl-Srnithfield, they Ihould run with Spears againf’t all Corners : , All which was glorioufly performed. And the fame Day the King named it Knighten-Gaild, and {o bounded it, from Aldgate to the Place where the Bars new are towards. the Bali, on both Sides of the Street, and extended it towards the North, and the Gate, now fince called Bi/hopfigate, unto the Houfe then of William Prtyhyter, after, of 70“- frey Tanner, and then of the Heirs ofCol‘ver ; af— ter that, of 7oh~n Eafehy ; but fince of the Lord Bouchier, -&c. And, again, towards the South, unto the River of Thames, and To far into the Wa- ter, as a Herfeman, entering the fame, might ride at a low Water, and throw his Spear: 'So that all Eafl—Smithfield, with the right Part of the Street that goeth to Dodding Pond, into the T homes, and alfo the Hofpital of St. Catharine, with the Mills, that were founded in King Ste- 1 phen’s Days, and the outward from Wall, and the new Ditch of the Tower, are Of the faid Fee and Liberty : For the faid Wall and Ditch of the ‘ Tower were made in the Time of King Richard the Fir/t, when he was in thetHoly Land, by Wil- ' liam Longfltanhs, Bit-hop ofvEly, as before! I have noted unto you. . Thefe Knights had, as then, no other Charter V by all the Days of Edgar, Ethelred, and Cana- tas, until the Time of Edward the Confeflor; whom . the Heirs of thofe Knights humbly befought to confirm their Liberties -, whereunto he gracioufly granting, gave them a Deed thereof, as appear: eth in the Book of the late Hou-fe of the Holy Tri- nity. The faid Charter was fair written inithe Saxon Letter and Tongue. - After this, King PVilliam, the Son ofWilliam the Conqueror, made a Confirmation of the fame Liberties unto the Heirs of thefe Knights in thefe. Words : ' William, King of England,ro Maurice, Bidet)” that they 'may hold the fame Wt and Godfrey de Magurn, and Richard de Parre, and to his faithful People of London, Greeting : Knowyee one to havegraanted, to the Men of Knight- en-Guild, the Guild that belonged to them, and the Land that helonged thereanto, with all Caflomer, a: they had the fame in the Time of King Edward, and my Father. Witne/S', Hugh de Buche, at Rething. After him, King Henry the Fin/t confirmed'the fame, by his Charter, to the like .Efl’eéi: -, the Reci- tal whereof I pretermit for Brevity Sake; After which Time, the Church of‘the Holy Trinity with- iniflldgate, of London, being founded by Qieen Matilda", Wife to the faid Henry, the Multitude of Brethren praifing God Day and Night therein,- in ihort Time, fo increafed, that all the City was delighted in the Beholding of them: Infomuch that, in the Year I I I 5, certain Burgefl'es- of Lon- don, of the Progenyofthofe noble Engli/h Knights, to wit, Radalpha: Fitzalgod, Mlniarde le Devere- jhe, Orgare le Prado, Edward Hapcornehill, Black.- flanar, and Alwine, his Kinfman, and Rohert, his Brother, the Sons of Leaflanns the Goldfmith, Wizo, his Son, Hugh Fitzvalgar, Algare .Secufnze, coming together into the Chapter-Houfe of the [aid Church of the Holy T rinity, gave to the fame Church, and Canons ferving God therein, all the Lands and Soke called, in Engli/h, Knighten—Gaild, which lieth to the Wall of the City without the fame Gate, and firetchethoto the River of T home: They gave it, I fay, taking upon them the Bro- therhood and Participation of the Benefits of that Houfe, by the Hands of Prior Norman. And, the better to confirm this their Grant, they offered, upon the Altar there, the Charter of Edward, together with the other Charters which they had thereof. And afterwards they did put the forefaid Prior in Seifin thereof, by- the Church of _St. Eotolph, which is built thereon, and is the Head of that Land. Thefe Things were thus done before Bernard, Prior of Dnnflahle, john, Prior of Derland, Gefrey'Clinton, Chamberlain, and many other Clerks and Laymen, French and Englz]h. Orgare le Prado, one of their Company, was fent to King Henry, bcfeeching him to con— , firm their'Gift,‘ which the King gladly granted by this Deed following : ‘ Henry, King of England, to R. Bijhop ofLon- don, to the Sherzfs and Provofi, and to all his Ba- rant, and faithful People, French and Englifh, of London and Middleiex, Greeting : Know ye rae to have granted and confirmed, to the Church and Ca- “non: of the Holy Trinity of London, the Sate of the Englilh Knighten-Guild, and the Land which pertaineth thereanto, and the Church of St. Botolph, as the Men of the fame Guild have given and grantv .ed unto than: fled I will and flreightly conanand, ’l, and honoarahly and freely, with Sac/t and 802%, 5Toll and Thea, Infring— thqfe, and all Cit/tom: helonging'zo‘ it, a: the .Menof ' ‘ ~ the Book II. King Pl?!- liam’s Charq tfl'. Priory of the “Trinity with- in Ala/gate. Knights”; ~ Guild given the Canons of the Hal}; Trinity. The King's Charter conw firming the fame. ,4 ll/ 4/4 P012 TSOICEN, WARD any fart-g)" thaB/rg'flLa 4 :Muh‘al J] ',I I aha/om, ”15 .1351; 4/7111th (anyhow and {Wm , 4: ,,.. ,I' l ...... “I /, / ' 4 I 4444I *1, "i 5’ W i/i/ ////// /I////// 44/ o // ///,,/ Ill/Illl/l/ ///// ”/14 > L M Wm“, . ’4’? @‘w W I” / 44 ”'43,,4.’ 5.. V ' ”/4 ””/ 4/44, //44 )4 ,44 , I ,_ ,4444, -. 1,9 ,4, ”4/4,, // 44/”4/ 44,, , 444444 . . 4, , o III/4”/// // “WI/I,” //’III”//// 4//////// “44”) //////4’ WW, 4 W4; #44: ,4)4‘4,,,‘-, 4 ,//III//,74’, I / -' 4‘44 , W444)“ , , ”4444, ,I II, , II... 4 i/////////[ 4) 44III,444‘”}IVJ44/ Ig/MWI/‘I / “I“, ,IIIII “Wink “III,“IJIIIIIIn 4‘“4I444,.'- "/W4 ¢ III/”I44 4/”~ II“ M” “I““IIII/ll/I/I/ /44 44 4'44 , W ““4 “IIIIIIIII “IIII IIII’ III“H”4§) IIIII '.- I 15 44/444 4 4))4 44))4' ~4‘444 4 ,1, ///),4 ““4, 4 44,44) I)44,,44) )4 44,, I )4 4 «I/////,,, ‘4 {444/ ”III/III: ,4, II . 4/4, 4.. ATable of Merences ‘3 “III/4 to this Malay. 1 . tilLaZLy 2; 115%} (burr: ff fig (burl: 5 gm t I 44.T/zra‘72mfm 8 ' ‘éfifimmi 12’ '1jff74fie3w alley 4% 57 .V‘l’”z ' I! ) it; figm 1‘ (am fi§w1€w%de ”V/I/ ///II4 4/ . 12,. firflww‘y ”Jae/923441417174 ‘,,, 13 .FlrebaIL [hurt 5'0 $11453ch mL ,II a 14,. armband/11276;? ydfll’ 514' Taugéfi’am W M 444,, 4/4 16:14“ n “m” ’2' ”my a; 44/, , w 10’. 4' 41341703 allay 5%er at}! My ig'g’ZZuwag‘Zt—yani g‘éfi‘é’fi'é’rgfir I44 ,4,” I 4444, I. JG! 6" 110‘ a" ,4” /,,I4 4 Z, wig/52% :flefiafie’ Egfigr (”“224 4 :44 II‘ «WI/III I 32 gaflmcmmm sign; _' am”; I 44’ , ‘4‘: ”III/II” 4, / ”II/WW 43 W“? 2144443222“ ‘ 4 , 4444444) 4444444 4 ”444 25 Eat/affirm gg'nge/mfwzf 120‘ h- 4/1,” ',,,.,444/// 44 “WI/,2 ”/44 4/4//// W J' " 444"III 4 ‘ : 4/4 4/44 zigflm‘flgm (hurt: 64‘; 356.134", ell/£771, «144‘ ”4/4”” M4444. ., ”ID"; I ”7,4444 / 43 4mm“ 24. 4’ 444245;“? 4 44 444/444 I44 . 71 715449sz Eaurt‘ 58-1zdlyomallq/ 4 444 ”III/W /,,,,,,/44/4/ -, ”a”? 6 -R€y Court \\ , 44/ g? 3621M» wart 73-147mg: rant 4/2/4440 ”4,4444/ ’///////4, ’III 34 Jfamt ma‘owmamrt 711mm Court 444 4444/4 4,/ I44, , 4444444 ,, 35 725W gagewm 72.11amajmu/Lallxg/ 4/44/44,“ 444,, 44,444 %, 55 fine Court: 77.1%{a1tr €71pr . 444 ”’44/4 I ,, ,4, ’7 4244:3424” ”l? 3%: 554544241144 *\ 4 4444/4444, 4),: ,/44/44,, , '4 // III I 4 4’ ..... 3331‘“ fiffigxw 5321;224:4452“ 4 "’ 4 444 4 -------- 4.14%.. L 414/ f : 4| ,4}; '. 2; waif/{Yamjum gum T/eree Cram Court: $6 ”I” ,4,',’,,,,,, MW}: fart: {If “' 4 I MIN/W 4I I'.‘ g9MWfiW [0‘11”- I II III/“I” IIII/II/llll/Il)//////III,I' ‘: - 'ii4 “ ’I fill , .// 44444444,, Ever 444 W4 w E Hh— IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII “ 74141214444444 4144:4144qu “(at (II/”Wamcnc17_54 X37 Irma; 4' 4241715" 32 $2,222; *- 35:5; 3: n s»! ' {3' Ca h M», 4 mm :2. am dim; ’1*;§. . ‘51.: «.34.: w‘m’f‘ . NEW ‘ f _ ’ ~t , I I Chap. II. Portfoken Ward. the fame Guild, in the heft Sort, had the fizme in the Time of King Edward ', and at King William, my Father, and Brother, aid grant it them hy their Writs. PVitnefs, A. the Queen, Gefiiey de Clin- ton, the Chancellor, and \Nilliam of Clinton, at Woodi’tock. . ' This Charter was afterwards confirmed by Gil— hert, William, and Roger, Bifho s of London : Then by St. Alphage, Archbifhop o Canterhury : Then ' Confirmation of this Char- ter. Lih. ‘Trin. PM," by Alexander and Innocent, Popes. Innocent alfo j’. S. . granted, moreover, to the Prior and Convent, ' that the forefaid Church and Parifhioners of the fame lhould be ferved by one. of the Canons, to be removed at the Prior’s Pleafure.] Ther‘c Wri— All thefe prefcribed Writings, faith my Book, tingfg C0“; which fome Time belonged to the Priory of _ the ‘ Girl‘mg th‘s Hal T rinit , are re il’cered in the End of the Book Kuzohten- y y g Gziililregi- of Remembrances of the Guildhall of London, mark- flered i511” ed with the Letter C. Folio, 134. The King lent Guild— a - alfo his Sherifis, to wit, Auhery de Vere and Ro—