~ START MICROFILMED 1985 UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA - BERKELEY GENERAL LIBRARY BERKELEY, CA 94720 COOPERATIVE PRESERVATION MICROFILMING PROJECT THE RESEARCH LIBRARIES GROUP, INC. Funded by . THE NATIONAL ENDOWMENT FOR THE HUMANITIES THE ANDREW W. MELLON FOUNDATION Reproductions may not be made without permission. THE PRINTING MASTER FROM WHICH THIS REPRODUCTION WAS MADE IS HELD BY THE MAIN LIBRARY UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA BERKELEY, CA 94720 FOR ADDITIONAL REPRODUCTION REQUEST MASTER NEGATIVE NUMBER YS —- Lb AUTHOR: Northern Pacific. voilread company- TITLE: The fetileand beautifel--- PLACE: St. Parl, Minn. CALL Fga4 MASTER = ‘ NO. NE X NEG. NO. v F894 Northern Pacific railroad company. a v2 The fertile and beeutiful Palouse Sountey in 5 eastern Washington and northern ldeho. St. Paul, ¥ Vinn., The Northwest magazine, 1888, : cover-title,32 p. illus. 1&xZ0cm. @ ep on pe. cds of covers. 19400B A TERRES I PRIN CAI A SOO PUP AN PINAL STE AORN san —4 A TE ARR ARATE wr I ———— SN + FILMED AND PROCESSED BY LIBRARY PHOTOGRAPHIC SERVICE UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA BERKELEY, CA 94720 JOB NO. 8|6 0/5/25 A —_— DATE 11 85. REDUCTION RATIO 7 4 DOCUMENT a "SOURCE THE BANCROFT LIBRARY | 10 Elz [22 == = [B22 cI le | 1] le [J20 = |x 125 ut, fos MICROCOPY RESOLUTION TEST CHART NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS STANDARD REFERENCE MATERIAL 1010a (ANSI and ISO TEST CHART No. 2) Ap LE LEE ERR ! | ! 2 ! | 1 3 1 | ! 4 ! | Ts] I I I 6| 1 ET Ty a eS Ore Brrrbrri rrrberriirrrd 33 ha is La i EEE 9111) Buse; Eoslers Waeshinglonis =land Northern Idaho. ST PauL, MIN THE NORTHWEST AZINE, 1888, THR DINING CAR | YELLOWSTONE *PARK#ROUTE Pe TO+THE+NORTHWEST: 4% SEE THAT YOUR TICKETS 10 Fargo, Grand Forks, Fergus Falls, Helena, Butte, Portland, Tacoma, Seattle, Victoria, San Francisco, And all points in the Northwest read via the ORTHERN+PACIFIC No other line to the Pacific Northwest is equipped with COLONIST SLEEPERS. THIS I§ THE ONLY LINE RUNNING PULLMAN SLEEPING CARS Fargo, Mooi hends Grand Forks, Fergus Falls, Wahpeton, Casselton and Helena, And is the only rail line to Spokane Falls, Tacoma and Seattle. No other line to the Pacific Northwest is equipped with DINING CARS. For full information, Tickets, Rates, J. M. HANNAFORD, Traffic Manager. Routes, etc., write or call on your nearest Ticket Agent, any authorized agent of the Northern Pacific R. R., or ST. PAUL, MINN. CHAS. S. FEE, Gen. Pass. and Tkt. Agt. 194008 "THE PALOUSE COUNTRY. RANCROFT LIBRARY An Attractive Region for General Farming and Stock Raising. HE traveler who goes through to the Pacific Coast by way of the North- ern Pacific Railroad can get no con- ception, from the landscapes he sces from the car win- dows, of the agricultural wealth of Washington Terri- tory. In fact he seesnothing of the great fertile districts, for the railroad runs either through forests or in long, narrow valleys bordered by arid looking hills. It is hard for him to believe the accounts he reads in his guide book of immense stretches of beautiful, rich, rolling prairies, FR 3 . AS excelling in fertility the best farming lands of Illinois and beginning only a few miles distant. Seeing is believing, says the old proverb, and as the traveler cannot look upon this land of plenty, he half suspects that its exist- ence is a fiction of railroad literature. If the Northern Pacific had run through the Palouse Country, instead of north and west of it, the region would have been thickly settled by this time, so peculiarly attractive is it, instead of still offering vacant land enough for the homes of thousands of people. I say peculiarly attractive, because the Palouse Country possesses all the natural advantages which go to the building up of a rich and densely popu- lated farming region. It has a soil of remarkable fer- tility, sufficient rainfall for the certain maturing of crops, timber on the foot hills of the neighboring mountains and along the water courses, luxuriant natural pastures, THR DINING CAR AND YELLOWSTONE #[PARK#ROUTE 3 TO+THE+ NORTHWEST: SEE THAT YOUR TICKETS TO | THIS IS THE ONLY LINE Fargo, Grand Forks, Fergus Falls, Fru Helena, Butte, Portland, Tacoma, PULLMAN SLEEPING CARS Seattle, Victoria, San Francisco, Fargo, Moorhead, Grand Forks, And all points in the Northwest read via the Fergus Falls, Wahpeton, NORTHERN-+PACIFIC i ig And is the only rail line to Spokane Falls, Tacoma and Seattle. No other line to the Pacific Northwest is equipped with COLONIST SLEEPERS. For full information, Tickets, Rates, Routes, ete. J. M. HANNAFORD, Traffic Manager. No other line to the Pacific Northwest is equipped with DINING CARS. . write or call on your nearest Ticket Agent, any authorized agent of the Northern Pacific R. R., or + ST. PAUL, MINN, + CHAS. 3, FEE, Gen. Pass. and Tkt. Agt. THE PALOUSE VE Yc Cc 2 BI IIROET | ve An Attractive Region for General Farming and Stock Raising. excelling in fertility thic host Lirnnngr heginnme oily a few miles distant, we ir traveler who voces thnoueh to | save the old proverh and avs of the Pacific Coast hy upon this and of plenty, he hall sas > v s Sa ie ne eR wav of the North- | ence 1s a fiction of ralroad hte crn Pacific Ralroad Pacific had run through the can wel no con. north and west oft the vor ception, {from the wettled by this tune, se landscapes he sees | of stil offering vad Land enoush for the ; ge thousands of peonie, Y sav oecuhariv a fro he car owin- - - y . rea oe ok » viel ray nti rye dows, of the agricultural wealth of Washington Terri- | the Palouse County por tory. In fact he seesnothing of the great fertile districts, “ s pa ili i ing hills 1s har thtv, s dent ramfall {or the certain matunng of narrow valleys bordered by arid looking hills. It is hard | tility, sufhicient ramfail for the 1; for him to believe the accounts he reads in his guide book | timber on the toot hills of and along the water courses, ux omant | | 1 1 ¥ . is Airy “t 5 " §- ne 1CY 5 for the railroad runs cither through forests or in long, | lated farming region | Raa trevrd E mn i Ine prac: iatiral no of immense stretches of heautiful, rich, rolling prairies, i lq COUNTRY. It haz a vnil of remarkable fer instead hones of Vityy etive, because all the natural advantages which go to the building up of a nich and deasely popu- “eroy 1a, tures, the neizhbering mountains a mild and healthful climate, and good means of trans- portation. No reasonable fault can be found with the country by a man who expects to get his living out’of the soil, and its merits are so apparent that immigrants are invariably delighted with it at first view. The name ‘“ Palouse Country” is usually given to the entire belt of rolling and hilly prairie which begins just south of the strip of timber through which the Northern Pacific main line runs from Spokane Falls to Sprague, and extends south and southwest to the Snake River. The same character of country sweeps away to the west- ward beyond the Snake, following the course of the mountain range, but there it takes other names. This belt of highly fertile soil has an average width of about fifty miles and its extreme length from Spokane Falls to the Blue Mountains beyond Walla Walla is about 250 miles, one hundred of which, in round numbers, lies north of the profound cafion of Snake River, and is therefore included in the Palouse region. The eastern boundary of the Palouse Country is the wooded foot hills of the Cceur d’Aléne Mountains which encircle the lake of the same name, and in the west it merges into a region of similar general appearance, which is too dry for successful culti- vation, but is excellent stock range. The mountains account for the greater rainfall in the belt of country skirting their base. They catch the moist winds from the Pacific Coast, which have passed over the great cli- matic barrier of the Cascade Mountains and crossed the dry regions which lie east of that barrier, and throw them back inshowers upon the land near their feet. This is said to be the secret of the productivity of the Palouse Country and of the similar regions which skirt the mountains south of the Snake River. There has never been a failure of a crop in this country, and it does not seem to make much difference in the yield whether rains fall or not after the grain has once obtained a fair start. The recently constructed Spokane and Palouse Rail- way runs from Marshall, the first station west of Spokane Falls, nearly due south to Genesce, a distance of nearly one hundred miles, and after the first five miles of open pine woods are passed not an acre of land is seen which is not fit for the plow and which would not be richly responsive to the labors of the farmer. Not one- tenth of the land iscultivated. The Government sections are mostly claimed by homesteaders and preémptors, and perhaps one-third of the railroad land is in the OAKESDALE, WASHINGTON TERRITORY. hands of purchasers. The price of the best of the land remaining in the hands of the company is from five to seven dollars per acre and the company prices govern values of virgin land in the hands of settlers and offered for sale. These are very cheap prices for land that yields thirty bushels of wheat to the acre in years of short crops and frequently produces as high as forty-five bush- els; land, too, lying within a few miles of a railway and of smart towns, with competitive stores, grain ware- houses, churches and schools. Spangle, Rosalia, Oakesdale, Belmont, Garfield, Pa- louse City, Pullman, Colton and Uniontown, growing towns, with an air of hopeful activity, and of fresh paint and new pine lumber, are passed on the rail- road, on the way to the present terminus of the line at Genesee. At Garfield a branch of the Oregon Railway and Navigation Company’s system, running to Farming- ton, is crossed. At Pullman another branch of the same road, running to Moscow, is crossed. As the train pro- gresses southward the country grows more hilly and there is an occasional clump of pine woods on a steep declivity or in the valley of a small stream. This section appears to have been longer settled than that near Spokane Falls. In fact the banks of the Palouse River were first occupied by immigrants who moved eastward from Oregon and from the Walla Walla Valley about ten years ago. A writer in a recent number of the Northwest Mag- azine, describing a trip in the Palouse Country, says: “Harvesting was in progress and it was an interesting sight to see the huge headers move across the fields, each propelled in front of six horses and attended by two wagons carrying big boxes for the reception of the heads of grain. One wagon has just returned from the stack empty and is ready to take the place of the other that moves close beside the great machine. It takes six men and fourteen horses for a header outfit and thirty acres a day is the average cut. The boss of the header crew usually makes a contract by the acre to cut and stack the grain, the customary price being one dollar and a quarter. The large headers cut a swath of sixteen feet in width. It is a wasteful way of harvesting, but has long been popular on the Pacific Coast. One farmer told me he could get five or six more bushels to the acre with a binder than he could with a header. Threshing in the Palouse Country costs five cents per bushel and sacks cost four cents. All grain is sacked, for the reason that it goes to market by way of the Pacific Ocean and can- not be shipped in bulk for the long voyage through the tropics on account of the danger of heating. Few farm- ers provide any storage buildings for their grain. The custom is to sell it before winter and the fall weather js so fine that there is very little risk in leaving the pile of filled sacks in the field until they can be hauled to the railway station and shipped. The farmers with whom I talked spoke of 1887 as rather a poor year for wheat; 2 7 a 2 XY $7 w (JZ > Z SE SRN — ~ -e A FARM SCENE IN THE PALOUSE COUNTRY. yet none of them estimated the average yield of the region at less than thirty bushels to the acre and the | most common estimate was thirty-three bushels. I saw many fields that would yield from forty to forty-five bushels, and one voluuteer crop was estimated by my driver at twenty bustels to the acre. A volunteer crop comes up on land that has neither been plowed nor sown, from the seed scattered on the surface during the cutting of the grain. The fact that wheat will volunteer so as to make a profitable crop the second year is the best possible proof of the great fertility of the soil and favoring conditions of the climate for grain growing. Oats are as good a crop as wheat in this productive Palouse Country, sixty bushels to the acre being an ordinary yield and 100 bushels not regarded as any- thing wonderful. Barley is becoming a favorite crop, and Eastern brewers say that no better grain can be had for malting than that which comes from this section of Washington Territory. It compares well with the famous Chevalier barley of California, and is in active demand not only at the local breweries west of St. Paul but at the great breweries of Mil- waukee and Chicago. There is very little natural meadow land in the region and most farmers sow wheat and oats mixed for a fodder crop. Seven tons of grain hay are cut to the acre, and there is more feed in it to the ton than in timothy. Horses are worked without any feed of grain when fed on this grain hay. The natural pasturage afforded by the thick growth of bunch gass which covers all the uncultivated land is an important source of wealth to the region, and I was glad to notice on the whole journey both by rail and by wagon that all the farmers are keeping stock and that many have considerable herds of cattle and horses. Over 40,000 ‘head of cattle were shipped out of Eastern Washington to Montana during the past year and there is a steady movement of horses to markets as far east as Chicago. Cattle are usually fed for from four to six months of the winter, but horses are left to shift for themselves, being intelligent enough to paw the snow from the ground to get at the cured grass. Iwas told by farmers that they turn out in the fall such work horses as are not required for driving during the winter and that when they round them up in the spring the animals are as fat as though they had been stabled the whole time. I need not say to Eastern farmers who read The Northwest that a country with such advan- tages for both grain growing and stock raising is bound to become a very rich country in time. If it does not have that appearance now it is because the settlers were ROSALIA, WASH. TER. nearly all poor men wh i : o went in with no capital t ae Sprovements and have been forced to hn high st on money for buildin i : gs and farm machinery. Tyee if moderately industrious and competent = ye rg out right in a few years and to own stocked and well-improved farms, but they have to struggle at first as poor men do in all new countri The settler who goes into the Palouse Countr vio few thousand dollars and an Eastern farmer's - Ar is independent from the start. With a half ues even a quarter sectio 1 n of this superb 1 and favors from no one. 2 Pauw The region is too newly settled to show much progress in fruit raising, but I saw a number of small orchards of apple trees in a flourishing condition. Peaches thrive in the deep, warm caion of Snake River but do not succeed on the high land. Plums, cherries and berries do well, and all vegetables yield enormous crops. Some idea of the “lay of the land” in the Palouse Country—a matter of interest always to the intending settler — will be afforded by the sketches which accompany this article. The surface of the country is an endless succession of rounded hills, and small valleys. The only level land lies along the water courses, in what are called “flats,” the name seeming to have been suggested by the rarity of these stretches of flat prairie, which caused the early settlers to give them local names. These flats were first occupied, but later it was discovered that slopes and summits of the hills were rather better grain land. Almost every hill-top commands a view of the wooded ranges of mountains on the castern horizon. These mountains are the common resort for fuel and fencing for all the settlers. Being unclaimed Government land the settlers have the right to cut wood and fence rails upon them for their home needs. This nearness toa great forest region gives them a decided advantage over settlers on the treeless plains east of the Rocky Mountains. The streams run in deep, narrow valleys, bordered here and there by jutting cliffs of basaltic rock. On these cliffs a few pines are usually found, and close by the water-courses are occasional clumps of aspens. . Transportation facilities in the region are remarkably good for a new country. The Northern Pacific has recently built a branch from Spokane Falls as far south as Genesee, which will be further extended another year into the Potlatch Country, in Northern Idaho. This is called the Spokane and Palouse Railway. Another line, called the Columbia and Palouse, runs eastward from Palouse Junction, on the N.P., to Colfax, where it forks, one branch running to Moscow, Idaho, and the other to Farmington, Washington Territory. This road was built as far as Colfax by the Transcon- tinental Company for the joint ownership of the Northern Pacific and the Oregon Railway and Navigation Co. In 1884 the N. P. relinquished its interest in the latter company, which built the extensions to Moscow and Farmington in 1885 and 1886. The Snake River 1s a valuable adjunct to rail transportation for the HARVESTING SCENE IN THI PALOUSE COUNTRY. Sounly, near its lofty and precipitous banks. Grain is auled to the top of the cafion and transferred by 10 shutes to steam-boats below, the boats trans-shipping their cargoes to the cars at Riparia. The climate of the Palouse Country is a great deal milder than its latitude would indicate, as is that of all portions of the Pacific Northwest, and bears no close rasemblance to the climate of any region on the Atlantic Coast or in the Mississippi Valley. The air is much dryer, and there is less rainfall and less snowfall. Snow rarely lies a week on the ground. There are two or three spells of sharp cold weather between the middle of December and the middle of February, but they are of short duration, and are broken suddenly by the warm Chinook wind. March is a balmy spring month. The summers are dry and warm, with cloudless skies most of the time. Pleasant, sunny autumn weather lasts, with few interruptions, until about Christmas. Sloppy, dismal weather is rare in both spring and fall and there is very little bleak and stormy weather in winter. The dryness of the summer air modifies the heat, and has, besides, an economic value, for it cures the bunch grass and converts it into standing hay on which stock feed all winter except during the brief periods when deep snow lies on the ground, The region is remarkably healthy, and there are no climatic diseases. Lands and Crops. NEAR Rosaria.—East of the town there is a solid stretch of splendid farm land, every foot highly fertile, reaching to a spur of the Ceceur d’Aléne Mountains. Northward the farming land extends for eighteen miles to the woods near Spokane Falls. Westward it is about twenty miles to the rocky belt of timber ending near Sprague. To the southwest the first-class farming land reaches out for forty miles and in a southerly direction it goes as far as Lewiston on the Snake River, eighty miles distant. The further growth of the town is as- sured by these large expanses of agricultural land all capable of producing forty bushels of wheat to the acre. The average crop last year in the country ten miles around Rosalia was thirty-seven bushels to the acre. Geo. D. Anderson, the real estate agent, threshed sixty bushels to the acre from a small field of eight acres. An old farmer, Mr. Adams, told me that in the only year of drought he has seen since he came into the country he actually raised a crop of twenty-seven bushels to the EE — Te 11 Api ut Pt) Baan canes ans, ones rc cod RETO fon A) A | = Pa Us rn SO AS ' i Pha if Me et (17mm og ris nial rg Se INE PW, UN 0 Nee 2 aa o 0, a EN SNe \ thy And pl UNIONTOWN, WASH. TER. acre without any rainfall whatever. He sowed the grain in the latter part of April and harvested in August This remarkable ability of the soil to withstand a drought comes from two things, first the bed of solid clay that everywhere underlies the loam, and second from the fact that in the clay are curious little pipe-like holes, the largest about the size of a pencil, that appear to go down deep to the water and draw up moisture when the surface of the ground is heated by the sun. The depth of the loam averages about twenty inches, but on the flats it is from three to four feet thick. Wheat is all sown in the spring in this region. Fall sowing on stubble land is not successful, but if the land were summer-fallowed and the seed put in early a good crop would doubtless result. Sowing begins early in March and may be continued till the first of June. There are over two months in which to take off the harvest. These remarkably long seasons for both planting and reaping account for the great amount of acreage culti- vated in proportion to the population. Where are all the people who raise this grain? the stranger to the country asks when he notices how few are the farm houses and how great is the amount of land in crops The varieties of wheat raised are the Little Club, the Chili Club and the Australian Club. Hard Fife wheat from Northern Minnesota has been tried but it speedily changes to soft wheat under the influence of the new climatic conditions. Timothy grows well on the flats but on the hillsides it thickens up too much so that the stalks become small. Clover and alfalfa are successful. Blue grass and or- chard grass are just beginning to be tried. Water is found in springs all over the country and there are few quarter-sections without a spring. In Rosalia the deep- est well is thirty-four feet. All the water of the region is soft, a fact an observant traveler notes without inquiry, by the lack of eaves troughs on the house to catch rain water for washing. Intending immigrants to Washing- ton will, perhaps, be interested to know the prices here of the common necessaries of life. At Rosalia flour sells at $4.00 per barrel; granulated sugar, eleven pounds for $1.00; hams, fourteen cents per pound; bacon, elgven and a half cents; Walla Walla apples, $3 per bar- rel; potatoes fifty cents per bushel ; cabbages, seventy- five cents a hundred; turnips and carrots for feed, $8 per ton; chickens, $4 per dozen; eggs in June, twenty cents per dozen; butter in June, twenty-five cents per pound; pine wood brought in by rail, $4 per cord; Roslyn coal, $6 to $8 per ton; dry goods and hardware are about ten per cent higher than in St. Paul; agricultural imple- ments about twenty-five per cent higher. All fencing is of barbed wire, which costs six and one-half cents per pound, or two cents more than in Minnesota. Fence posts of good cedar, cut on the Pend d’Oreille River and . brought in by rail, cost only six cents each. To put up a mile of three wire fence by contract costs $115. There is everywhere room for more people. Not more A PALOUSE CITY SAW MILL. than one-tenth of the land is under cultivation. The prices of land can be gathered from the value set upon two tracts which were for sale the day of our visit to Rosalia. One was an unimproved quarter, for which the owner asked $6 an acre. It lay only four miles from the town. Another was an improved quarter, with fifty acres under fence, forty in crop and a box house and barn. For this the price was $1,800 ; $1,000 cash and the remainder in one and two years. ‘Are there any drawbacks to the country,” I asked one farmer. ‘Well, none that.a contented and reasonable man finds fault with. The soil is productive, the climate pleasant and the health of the region good. Of course there are peo- ple who make objections. A settler from Texas will say that the winters are too cold for him, and a settler from Minnesota will say that they are not cold enough. Some say it is too rainy and others that it does not rain enough. There are people who will kick about the climate when they get to heaven.” NEAR OAKESDALE.—Thesurrounding country, like the whole Palouse region, is a hilly prairie, if the word prairie can properly be applied to so uneven a surface. In its natural state the ground is covered with a heavy growth of bunch grass. The prevalent weeds are the wild sunflower and the wild geranium. Wild roses grow long the road sides and by the margins of the streams. The thistle has not yet invaded the land, and when once the sod is broken there are no weeds for the farmer to fight. The only enemy of the crops appears to be the ground squirrel. Against this little animal persistent war is waged by the boys from early in the spring until hot weather comes, when he retires to his burrow for his long sleep. About one-tenth of the land around Oakes- dale is under cultivation. Land is still very cheap con- sidering its fertility, its certain heavy yield of the small grains and its convenience to towns and railroads. Six toeight dollarsan acre buys unimproved, land and farms with from fifty to eighty acres in crop can be had for from ten to fifteen dollars an acre according to the value of the improvements. Eastern farmers coming into this region with four or five thousand dollars can put them- selves in excellent shape for successful farming and stock- raising on 320-acre farms. They will find a climate that could hardly be improved; the working season lasting fully nine months of the year, the summers being breezy and comfortable, the springs and autumns with very little disagreeable weather, and the winters short and only moderately cold. The best opportunities are for intelligent farmers with some means. This is no longer iy jl TR — - STREET SCENE, PULLMAN, WASH. TER. a poor man’s i A Noe wn Soe, a the reason that the govern- capital more needed than for the cultivation of a per Il de Pins Mies there is good | fectly virgin soil, but homesteaders have as a rule il Ing always attracts | besides thei i ? ho ys err teams and household : 7 urous people with little or no means. Nowhere is manage to pull through, after a ae i ios , i g struggle wit mortgages. The forehanded settler is the kind of immi- grant most nceded now on the rich lands of the Palouse Country. He will not only enter at once on a career of prosperity but he will help the older settler by buying a part of his land and enabling him better to im- prove and stock the remainder. NEAR GArFIELD.—The slopes of all the surrounding hills are covered with wheat fields and a great crop is in prospect. The general estimate of last year’s yield is about thirty-three bushels to the acre; yet no one speaks of this as at all a remarkable crop. There appears to be no difference in the fertility of the hill-slopes and hill-tops and that of the flats and valleys. Whether a field will yield twenty-five or forty bushels to the acre appears to depend not at all upon the soil or the lay of the land, but upon careful preparation of the ground and early sowing. All the farmers try to seed as much land as possible, and keep on putting in the seed so late that they do not expect to get heavy yields from the last fields sown. On a half-section farm the owner will show you ground that gave him forty-five bushels to the acre and right beside it other ground of precisely the same soil that harvested perhaps only twenty. Then he will very likely show you a field where he got fifteen or twenty bushels from a volunteer crop. It is a wonderful wheat couttry, and is destined to support a prosperous family on :very eighty acres. : NEAR PuLLMAN.—Last year the Bryant brothers, who came to the Territory from Wapello County, Iowa, threshed 34,000 bushels from 800 acres near Pulman, the average per acre being about forty-three bashels. Think of this, you Iowa farmers who consider yoarselves lucky to get sixteen or eighteen bushels to the acre. W. V. Windus raised forty-seven bushels of barley to the acre on the sod the year before last and last year got twenty bushels to the acre for a volunteer crop on the same field. A handsomer farming country than I saw in the course of a two hours’ drive around Pullman does not exist anywhere—I mean a handsomer country as nature made it. Of course the country is too new for orchards and shade trees and expensive farm-houses. These things will come in time, and will not be long in coming to a country blessed with a genial climate and a rich soil. As it is, one sees in the midst of the forty-acre and eighty-acre fields of wheat, oats and barley, many comfortable homes with young orchards planted, with VIEW ON THE ROAD FROM GARFIELD TO PALOUSE CITY, WASH. TER. rows of currant and raspberry bushes in the gardens and with thrifty box elders promising plenty of shade when they shall get a few more years growth. What inter- ested me especially on this drive was the number of successful timber-culture claims we saw. I have had hitherto but a poor opinion of the results of the timber- culture law as exemplified in Dakota, but it is evidently working well here in Eastern Washington. On one place which we drove past the ten acres of box elders had attained a height of at least twenty feet and formed a beautiful grove opposite the dwelling of the owner of the claim. He had planted trees taken from this grove around his garden patch and door yard and along the roadsides in front of his farm, and will soon be obliged to cut down half of the remaining trees to give the others room to grow. This farmer came into the Tetritory about seven years ago with hardly any means and now owns 320 acres of well improved land with a herd of Holstein and grade cattle and a dozen horses, There is no difficulty in raising both apple trees and shade trees in this region. The first settlers were poor, as is always the case in a new country, but are now getting in such comfortable circumstances that they can begin to give some attention to beautifying their homes. The wheat from the place is largely going to Duluth in bulk, the grain being emptied from the sacks into the cars. All grain raised on the Pacific Coast is sacked at the thresh- ers, and all that goes by the ocean route to European markets is put on shipboard in sacks. Grain buyers are . 18 not yet decided as to whether the long rail haul to Duluth is a natural route from Eastern Washington, or whether it is only a temporary arrangement depending on a freight rate which the railroad will only offer until larger shipping facilities are provided at Tacoma. The present rate on wheat from the Palouse Country towns to Duluth is thirty cents a bushel. This wheat is not graded at Duluth but goes to New York as ‘“‘special.” Being a heavy, soft white wheat it cannot be subjected to grading rulesadopted for the hard grain of the North- west. NEAR UNIONTOWN AND CoLTON.—This entire belt of country is peculiarly adapted for wheat-growing. There are abundant rains in May and June to start the plants, the cool nights of June favor the growth of the stalks and the filling out of the heads, and there are no hot July winds to shrivel the berries. The experience of a farmer who has lived in the country near Uniontown since its first settlement, shows that it is nowhere excelled as a wheat-producing region. Joseph Greif has farmed here for twelve years and says that the lightest crop he ever raised was thirty-three bushels to the acre. He has fre- quently raised as high as fifty bushels to the acre. Last —— = i am Lan — way are year he threshed 3,600 bushels of barley from a Cd field, making the average acre-yield ninety Buss. A i Greif says that oats yield from sixty to ninety bus on and that potatoes, turnips, rutabagas and bests ne d enormously. Clover does well and timothy flourishes o the low lands. For raising fine stock the country can hardly be excelled anywhere. There is good grass until i pram — - BT late rt aig almost Christmas and by the first of Mash ie Shige are out again on the new pasturage. Lan iy io steadily rising in value. Wild land is now wo een eight to ten dollars per acre. Improved fons Comms i from fifteen to thirty dollars an acre. The % 3 = the immediate vicinity of the town could not be ous) for less than fifty dollars per acre. Here, as elsew sie in the Palouse Country, the opportunities for new settlers who want to secure homes on this remarkably product- ive land are to buy a part of the holdings of men who are carrying larger places than they can profitably manage, and who want to get clear of debt. I noticed as one of the peculiarities of this region that although the soil is a dark loam, and gets sticky after a rain, the roads dry up very rapidly and are perfectly good when twenty-four hours of sun and wind have followed a day or two of heavy showers. Cyclones or other destructive storms never occur. NEAR GENESEE.—The southern part of the plateau which drains into the south fork of the Palouse River and extends to the sheer bluffs which look down upon the Snake and the Clearwater, is locally known as the Genesee Country, from the little hamlet which served as its trading center in the early days of the settlements of the region. It is a singular peculiarity of this region that up to the very verge of the lofty cliffs bordering two great rivers the drainage should be away from those streams and into the rivulets of the back country, The new railroad has made its temporary terminus a mile from the old village of Genesee and a smart town is 20 springing up near the station. The fertility of the surrounding country will make the new town one of the chief grain shipping points on the new railroad. J.C. Hansen, a Dane by birth, said that he raised last year from sixty acres of ground 3,000 bushels of wheat. On a small field of fifteen acres he harvested 1,091 bushels, making the enormous yield of sixty-two bushels to the acre. Barley, he said, will average sixty bushels to the acre one year with another. He has raised as high as eighty bushels. Wheat is worth fifty cents a bushels at the station (June, 1888). The old price of barley for feed was a cent a pound, but there is much more money inraising white barley for shipment to Eastern breweries. Considerable flax has been sown this season. It will average twenty bushels to the acre and is contracted for in: advance at $1 a bushel. Mr. Ruddy, another old settler, spoke of the advantages of the region for stock raising. He has 200 head of cattle, which run on the open range on the Nez Perce Reservation. He sells two-year-olds for $25, three-year-olds for $35 and four-year-olds for $40. Milch cows bring from $35 to $50. Well-broken young horses for farm work are worth $100 each. Farm wagons cost $100, plows $20, PEACH ORCHARDS ON ih H. TER. Ls THE SNAKE RIVER, WAS 22 spring tooth harrows $30, mowers $100 and headers $289 and $300. Most of the grain is cut with headers but seli-binders are coming more and more into‘use, and it is an open question still whether they are not more economical to use than headers. Mr. Hansen spoke of the Potlatch Country,gjust east of Genesee, as being a fine region for fruit, on account of its sheltered situation, mountain ranges crossing it on the north and north- east. Apples, peaches, pears and plums flourish there. The climate is very similiar to that of Denmark, where Mr. Hansen was reared. The only drawback to the prosperity of the farmers, he remarked, was the high rate of interest they paid for money and on their store debts. Most of them will be in much better condition when they sell a portion of their land to new-comers for fair prices and pay off their debts. Stock raising is helping them out a good deal of late. Only about one-tenth of the land is now under cultivation. A quarter section of wild land can be bought, with a clear title direct from the Government for from $800 to $1,200. For $2,000 an improved quarter with fencing and small buildings, can be purchased, The Potlatch Country. This handsome region in Idaho, which stretches out eastward like a long arm from the Palouse Country in Washington, I was not able to visit, but from the lofty bluffs near Lewiston I could look over thirty or forty miles of its green, billowy expanse. In the character of its soil and its productivity it closely resembles the Palouse Country, but the streams make deeper furrows in its surface and the climate is somewhat milder owing to the mountains on the north which shut off the cold winds in the winter and early spring. I am informed that peaches grow well in the Potlach. In Washington they are raised as a market fruit only in the deep and warm cafion of Snake River. Two years ago when I was at Moscow, now the county-seat of the new county of Latah, which embraces much of the Potlatch Country, settlers were coming in steadily to occupy the free homestead lands. Now I am told that all the claims are taken and that no Government land can be found suitable for farming nearer than the eastern side of the Nez Perce Reservation, about fifty miles up the Clearwater. The Spokane & Palouse Railroad, which has just been completed to Genesee, will go on > 4 TAN TEN >" gio QA’ REE HE EX } 214 Ld LEWISTON, IDAHO. eastward through the Potlatch. The curious name of this region is a A Potlatch is an annual festival Chinook jargon word meaning a gift. in which the Indians get on a wild spree and property. There is no but with the rapid settl recklessly give away their personal town in the Potlatch Country, ement a good business point will surely be developed as soon as the railroad advances twenty miles beyond its present terminus. The wheat of the region has hitherto been taken out from a landing on the Clearwater to which the O,, R. & N. Company sends a steamboat occasionally during high stages of water. This landing is about fifteen miles above the town of Lewiston, at the junction of the Clearwater with the Snake. BANCROFT LiSRARY : Lumbering and Gold Mining. Palouse City occupies a pleasant site on both sides of the Palouse River, the business streets being in the narrow, level valley and the residence streets on the slopes and crests of the low hills, Groves of pine are a very attractive feature of the immediate environs. The river is but a small stream, but it is deep and being fed by mountain springs, carries a great deal of water throughout the dry season, and is an important feature in a region where streams are scarce. Its value as a logging stream is much greater than a stranger would suppose from a first glance. Logs are driven down it to the mills at Palouse City, from the forests a distance of from twenty to fifty miles, at a cost of fifty cents per 24 1,000 feet of lumber. The price of logs cut and delivered is $3.50 to $4.00. For a lumber market Palouse City has a better situation and facilities than any other town in the region, and this feature of its resources is destined to be of increasing importance, with the further settlement of the surrounding country. At no other point can logs be had so cheaply or in such a constant supply. It was a surprise to me to learn that Palouse City is to some extent a gold mining town, and is a market for gold dust to the value of about $60,000 a year. The Palouse Country makes no claim to being a mineral region, yet along the banks of the Palouse River and its tributaries a good deal of washing is prosecuted in a regular way, with results which pay fair and steady wages to the workmen if nothing more. One of the merchants, J. G. Powers, told me that he buys about $40,000 of gold dust ¢very year, and opening his safe he took out two tomato cans full of the yellow stuff to show me how handsome it looked. Another merchant, J. H. Wiley, estimated his annual purchases of dust at $15,000, and said that there was good quartz leads in the neighboring mountains which would be worked some day with profit to the town. He thought the placer miningindustry would grow in importance. Rich silver mines have very recently been discovered 50 miles east of Palouse City, in Idaho, and the prospects are good for the development of an 1m- mining camp. portant g Lib A Stock Farm Near Spangle. By invitation of D. FF. Per- cival, of Cheney, I drove with him across country {rom Cheney to Spangle, the first town on the Spokane and Palouse Railroad south of its junction at Marshall, with the main line of the Northern Pacific. The dis- tance is twelve miles, but we STREET SCENE, LEWISTON, IDAHO. TIT made a detour of three miles for the purpose of visiting the stock farm of the Rock Creek Cattle Company, a new enterprise managed by John W. Sharp, G. J. Ross and Wm. O’Brien, all young Canadians. The rocky belt of pine land through which the N. P. runs from Spokane Falls to Sprague seems of little value to the traveler who only glances at it from the car windows, but it is in reality of great advantage to the rolling plains on either side for the fuel and fencing timber it furnishes and every acre of jt is good stock range. The open woods are thickly dotted with little ponds and marshes, where there is always water for stock and where wild hay can be cut for the short winter feeding season. The coun- ties of Spokane and Lincoln are in much better condition for the possession of this timber belt than they would be if their whole area consisted of arable land. It is about eight miles across the forest from Cheney to the open country south of it. Near the outer edge of the timber where there are copious springs, low lying fields for tim- othy and higher ground for rye hay, the new cattle company has an attractive ranch and has begun to raise graded stock.” All the conditions are favorable for suc- cess in raising cattle and horses here. The grass is good 26 for nine or ten months of the year, winter feed can be cheaply grown, local markets in the towns are close at hand and Eastern markets can be reached by direct rail shipments. Mr. Sharp gave the following as the present prices for cattle—yearlings, $15; two-year-olds, $22.50; cows with calves, $35; milch cows, $45 to $50. Young horses well broken are worth from $100 to $150. After an excellent dinner, prepared by the hostess at short notice, we drove out of the woods and through the hilly well-cultivated country, to the town of Spangle. Large fields of wheat, oats and barley alternated with flowery pastures where sleek cattle and horses were feeding. The farm improvements and the amount of stock showed that the people are prosperous. The only criticism possible to make upon the country would be that so few inhabitants ought not to hold so large an area of highly productive soil. Fresh immigation will soon fill up the country, however. Spangle was a thriving country market town before the railroad ran through it. It has three or four hundred people. Mr. Spangle, who laid out the place seven years ago, is one of its most successful citizens and rejoices in its steady growth. : THE WATER POWER OF SPOKAN Peach Orchards in the Snake "River Canyon. : Describing a visit to the fruit farm of D.E. aa, a the cafion of Snake River, a writer 1n the Northwes Magazine said: “The bar contains 170 acres, Mr. Kelly told us, fifty i 1 arty were of which are set out in trees and vines. Our party w recklessly turned loose in the orchards and vineyards be help themselves. Such trees! such fruit! I am an o y resident of this prolific country, and thought I ha learned to keep my countenance in the presence of its most sublime exhibits, but I forgot discipline and Ton into raptures like the veriest tenderfoot. The Wi produces all kinds of berries and vegetables, besides peaches, plums, prunes, pears, grapes, apricots, nectarines, cherries, quinces and apples of all kinds. Too many kinds, in fact, we all declared. It was saddening in the extreme, after we had sampled six kinds of mammoth peaches, three of plums, and four of grapes, two each of apples and pears and one of prunes, to find that some of the choicest varieties had been overlooked, and be constrained to say, “The spirit truly is willing, but the flesh is weak.” It was the only drawback upon the pleasures of the day. The trees all have a tendency to lean up the river, on account of the prevailing direction of the high winds, and by reason of the same high winds, they are all trained to branch very low. Many of the laden boughs lie flat on the ground, but the clean dry sand does the fruit no harm. A gale of wind the night before our visit had broken some of the heaviest limbs, and shaken many bushels of luscious fruit to the ground, but it was scarcely missed from the trees. Mr. Kelly has been setting out his trees at intervals during the past nine years. Many kinds bear the second year. He informed me that a peach tree in full bearing would average over 300 pounds of fruit per year, and an 28 apple tree from 500 to 700. His trees have needed very little irrigation. There are no insect pests of any kind to contend with, and not so much as a twig of any kind has ever been hurt by frost. The climate on the river is intensely hot in summer, and very mild in winter. It might seem like a lonely place for one or two families to live, but there are mitigating circumstances when you think of it. There are the neighbors across the river, steamers always run semi-weekly, and daily during the wheat season. Then if you are making money, you can be content almost anywhere. Mr. Kelly has marketed all his fruit and vegetables except apples, which will be shipped below —at the town of Pomeroy, and in the countryadjoining. When the season is over he estimates that his clear profits on the crop will be $3,000. Less than half his trees have yet reached bearing at all, and , only five acres are yet in full bearing prime, so that his profits are only beginning. The fruit in the farming country is so often injured by late frosts, that he will always be certain of a market for all he can produce, without shipping. This ranch is only a sample of dozens, yes, scores, of these little sections of Italy, dropped down along Snake River to furnish the only element lacking in the productions of the bunch grass country. Most of the owners have also a oO grain warehouse, and wherever practicable a chute from the top of the bluff to the river, which saves hauling the grain down the hill. Looking Over the Clearwater Country. Youmay travelin all lands on both sides of the Atlantic and experience no such strik- ing and delightful surprise as that which awaits you when vou journey across the high, rolling and productive pla- teau on the southern border of the Palouse Country, and coming out upon its verge, where the land drops off suddenly in precipitous bluffs and see the pretty village of Lewiston, lying 2,000 feet be- low, and two mighty rivers, = {CR [Tm I | WB A GRAIN ELEVATOR, CHENEY, WASH. TER. the Clearwater and the Snake, meeting at the end of its long, poplar-bordered, business street. You are not at all prepared for this singular landscape. You have been passing over a region of rich wheat farms and pastures, upheaved in great, green swells, with farm-houses nestled in the narrow valleys, and nothing indicates that there is close at hand another region, nearly half a mile perpendicularly below you, in the depths of the earth, where there are farms and orchards, and a smiling town, and where swelling waters flow and steamboats come and go. You are reminded of Bulwer’s story of “The Coming Race,” in which a man finds a strange land in the center of the globe. You have ascended no moun- tain, but you must descend one as high as the Catskills, by a zig-zag road five miles long, to reach the valley lying at your feet, into which you can almost toss a stone. The road is an admirable piece of engineering, with an almost uniform grade of 400 feet to the mile. How it looks from the ferry over the Clearwater, and how the brown, bulging mountains look which it climbs, our artist shows in his sketch. To understand the singular topography of this region, bear in mind that at the top of these mountains, and as high as their crests, begins the rich plateau of the Palouse Country, which reaches northward through Eastern Washington and Northern Idaho for more than a hundred miles, and is all good farming land. Before you begin the descent of the fivemile grade you make a long halt to look at the wonderful landscape to the south and east. That verdant, sloping plain, beyond Lewiston, with its alternate squares of grain and pasture, is the Clearwater Country, rising to the long timbered ridge called Craig’s Mountain. Beyond the mountain and out of view is Camas Prairie, famed for its fertility. Looking. around to the east, north of Clearwater lies the Potlatch Country, an extension of the Palouse Country, and equally fertile. The turbid Snake, coming out of those tremendous caiions which you see in the far southern distance, turns sharply to the west after receiving the clean flood of the Clearwater and ‘incloses the high ridges and profound, crease-like valleys of the Assotin Country. Further to the west you can look over the old and richer farming regions where lie the towns of Pomeroy, Dayton and Waitsburg, and the most distant part of the horizon line in that direction, formed by the Blue Mountains, is beyond the city of Walla Walla and its fruitful valley. Towns In and Near the Pa- louse Country. SPOKANE FALLS, where the Spokane & Palouse Railroad diverges from the main line of the Northern Pacific, is animportant grow- ing city of 8,000 people, with the best water-power on the Pacific Coast, large hotels, numerous business blocks of brick and stone, a street railroad, a number of millsand manufactories, a Methodist college, a Catholic college and two daily news- papers. CHENEY, on the main line of the Northern Pacific, A STOCK AND GRAIN FARM;NEAR CHENEY, WASH. TER. near the northern limits of the Palouse Country, 1s a centre of trade for a large farming district, and has a population of 1,500, an academy, mill, grain clevator and weckly newspaper. SPANGLE, twenty miles from Spokane Falls, has 300 people, a weekly newspaper and a number of grain ship- ping houses. ROSALIA AND OAKESDALE are new towns with a pop- ulation of about 400 cach and are active trading and grain-shipping points. Rosalia has a newspaper and a town-hall. ; GARFIELD, at the crossing of the Spokane & Palouse and the Farmington branch of the Columbia & Palouse railroad, has a population of 500, three grain warc- houses and a weekly newspaper. Pavrousk Crtyis an active manufacturing and mercan- tile town of 1,200 people, in the valley of the Palouse river. It has three saw mills, a sash and door factory, a flouring mill, four grain warehouses and two weekly papers. PULLMAN, at the crossing of the Spokane & Palouse and the Moscow branch of the Columbia & Palouse railroads, has a population of 500 and a large country trade. cLroN, population 200, has a flouring mill and a newspaper. 32 UnionTowN is a town of about 400 people, chiefly Germans, in the midst of one of the richest portions of the Palouse Country. It has a newspaper and a Catholic seminary for girls. GENESEE, population 800, is a new town near the site of a small trading point which started four or five years ago. : FarMINGTON, on the Columbia & Palouse railroad, has a population of 500, a newspaper and a good sup- porting country. Moscow, county seat of Latah county, Idaho, and terminus of a branch of the Columbia & Palouse rail- road, has a population of 1,200, a bank, a newspaper and an extensive trade. COLFAX, county seat of Whitman county, Washing- ton, is an active business point of 2,000 people, situated on the Palouse river. It is the diverging point for the Moscow and Farmington branches of the Columbia & Palouse railroad, and has two banks, two weekly news- papers, two saw mills and a college. “LEWISTON, county seat of Nez Perce county, Idaho, is twelvemiles from Uniontown and fourteen from Genesee, by road, and is situated in the deep valley of the Snake river at the mouth of the Clearwater river. It has a population of 2,000, three banks, two weekly newspapers and an academy. Steamboats rundown the Snake river to Riparia, stages to Camas Prairie, Assotin and other points. & AGENTS ® NORTHERN + PACIFIC = RAILROAD. GENERAL AND SPECIAL AGENTS. A. D. CHARLTON, Assistant General Passenger Agent, 2 Washington Street, Portland, Ore. James C. Ponb, Assistant General Ticket Agent, : St. Paul, Minn. C. B. KINNAN, General Agent Passenger Department, 319 Broadway, New York City. J. L. Harris, New England Agent, 306 Washington Street, Boston, Mass. E. R. WADSWORTH, General Agent, 52 Clark Street, Chicago, Ill. A. L. STOKES, General Agent Helena, Mont. James McCaie, Ticket Agent Butte, Mont. A.W. HARTMAN, General Agent Duluth, Minn. A. RODELHEIMER, General Agent, Corner High and Chestnut Streets, Columbus, Ohio. TraoMAs HENRY, Agent, 154 St. James St. Montreal, Can. G. G. CHANDLER, Agent, 90V Pacific Ave., Tacoma, W.T. TRAVELING PASSENGER AGENTS. A.J. Quin 306 Washington Street, Boston, Mass. J. H. ROGERS, Jr....111 South Ninth St., Philadelphia, Pa. L.L. BILLINGSLEA..111 South Ninth St., Philadelphia, Pa. Geo. D. TELLER 44. Exchange Street, Buffalo, N.Y. D. W. Janowrrz, 48 South Illinois St., Indianapolis, Ind. F. H. Lorp 52 Clark Street, Chicago, Ill. T. L. SHORTELL.....112 North Fourth St., St. Louis, Mo. S. H.Mnis.....o0nne 152 Walnut Street, Cincinnati, Ohio. T.S. Parry 24. West Ninth St., Chattanooga, Tenn. Ervin H. SMITH 392 Broadway, Milwaukee, Wis. 200 Fourth St., Des Moines, Iowa. 2 Washington Street, Portland, Ore. 618 Market St., San Francisco, Cal. J. M. HANNAFORD, Traffic Manager Cuas. S. FEE, Gen. Pass. and Tkt. Agent, St. Paul, Minn. St. Paul, Minn. near the northern limits of the Palouse Country, 1s a centre of trade for a large farming district, and has a population of 1,500, an academy, mill, grain clevator and weekly newspaper. QpPaNGLE, twenty miles from Spokane IFalls, has 300 people, it weekly newspaper and a number of grain ship- ping houses, Rosaiin AND OAKESHALE are new Lowns with a pop- ulation of about 400 cach and are active trading and grain shipping points. Rosalia has a newspaper and a town hall. GARFIELD. nt the crossing of the Spokane & Palouse and the Farmington branch of the Colnmbin & Palouse railroad, has a population of 500, three gram warc- houses and a weekly newspaper. I'arovse Creyvis an activemanufacturing and mercan- tile town of 1,200 people, in the valiey of the Palouse river. It has three saw mills, a cash and door factory, a fouring mill, four grain warehouses and two weekly Papers, PriLaay, at the crossing of the Spokane & Palouse and the Moscow branch of the Columbian & Palouse railroads, has a population of 500 and a large country trade. C.orox, population 200, has a fouring mill and a newspaper. Retake of Uniontown is a town of about 4.00 people, chiefly Germans, in the midst of one of the richest portions of the Palouse Country. It has a newspaper and a Catholic seminary for girls. GENESEE, population 300, is a new town near the cite of a small trading peint which started four or five years ago. : © ParMINGTON, on the Columbia & Palouse railroad, has a population of 500, a newspaper and a good sup- porting country. ’ Moscow, county scat of Latah county, Idaho, and terminus of a branch of the Columbia & Palouse rail- road, has a population of 1,200, a bank, a newspaper and an extensive trade, CoLrax, county seat of Whitman county, Washing- (on, is an active business point of 2,000 people, situated on the Palouse river. tis the diverging point for the Moscow amd Farmington branches of the Columbia & Palouse railroad, and has two banks, two weekly news- papers, two saw mills and a college. ) LEWISTON, county seat of Nez Perce county, Idaho, 1s twelve miles from Uniontown and fourteen from Genesee, hy road, and is situated in the deep valley of the Snake river at the mouth of the Clearwater river. It has a population of 2,000, three banks, two weekly newspapers and an academy. Steamboats run down the Snake nver to Riparia, stages to Cuuas Prairie, Assotin and other | points. Preceding Frame NORT GENERAL AND SPECIAL AGENTS. A. D. CHARLTON, Assistant General Passenger Agent, 2 Washington Street, Portland, Ore. James C. Pox, Assistant General Ticket Agent, St. Paul, Minn. C. B. KiNNAN, General Agent Passenger Department, 319 Broadway, New York City. J. L. Harris, New England Agent, 306 Washington Street, Boston, Mass. E. R. WapswoRrTH, General Agent, 52 Clark Street, Chicago, Ill. A. L. STokES, General Agent James McCaie, Ticket Agent A.W. HarTMAN, General Agent A. RODELHEIMER, General Agent, Corner High and Chestnut Streets, Columbus, Ohio. TaoMmas HENRY, Agent, 154 St. James St. Montreal, Can. G. G. CHANDLER, Agent, 9015 Pacific Ave., Tacoma, W.T. Helena, Mont. Butte, Mont. Duluth, Minn. AGENTS FRN + PACIFIC » RAILROAD. TRAVELING PASSENGER AGENTS. A.J QUIN........ees 306 Washington Street, Boston, Mass. | J. I. ROGERS, Jr....111 South Ninth St., Philadelphia, Pa. L. L. BILLINGSLEA..111 South Ninth St., Philadelphia, Pa. Gro. D. TELLER 44 Exchange Street, Buffalo, N.Y. D. W. Jaxowrrz, 48 South Illinois St., Indianapolis, Ind. F. H.lLozp 52 Clark Street, Chicago, 111. I. I. SHORTELL.....112 North Fourth $t., St. Louis, Mo. JH. Miris............ 152 Walnut Street, Cincinnati, Ohio. LS, PATTY...coon 24 West Ninth St., Chattanooga, Tenn. Ervixy I. Sry... 392 Broadway, Milwaukee, Wis. A.A. JscK...... eR 200 Fourth St., Des Moines, Iowa. W. FE. CARSON.......... 2 Washington Street, Portland, Ore. T. IX. STATFLER, 618 Market St., San Francisco, Cal. J. M. HaxxNaFORD, Traffic Manager St. Paul, Minn. Cuas. S. FEE, Gen. Pass. and Tkt. Agent, St. Paul, Minn. 2 Plerre au Calamet Buguto Lai = prover Tow Saskascheroun « Edmonton + Fico Bautte)® on, (-) an oo, pr Privy Zoe & pret Powder, River RRL Se Ee w > Lac ta BAS Cpe Bautefo" ff Spence’s var 24: ( Drude 8.5. 7 4a Shot (os Conrad» Fort gmir bole pyre, eek OTA 2 Agency LE A TRE enim Sota Sa Tay HT Un, A, X Outtendaly 3" fr Rn Rafid Cuy Gr Cy — nT F Newsy », CITY g Ketchum R G ON BN Tlarvey Lake -Y A vey of 2&7 | Sheshon Blomath L. ) keville gly, S97 | > Ee Tu. McDervidi oo Mownbas Tulasco, Z (¢ Gemma vEVVER Font Condiurn gy Poe : Bullionville | 1 * A"TRIZONA ge Sh Seligman Allsntows, NORTHERN PACIFIC RAILROAD AND CONNECTIONS. Wo Chamberlain ea. Retake of Preceding Frame T City Yoong va, {i rg 0) Buguto Lake affato La ~ © oe Foe Luc ta RI pe v TS a Saskatch ‘ lime o Elmuntun Deatimean Lanydo Satmon Cig de IS Dry #4, s Mountain City a Virginia City CARSON CITY L ° : Belmont \) Canddluria 00) Ploche emite Bullionville® | ACs NOB ot Lge Whe ~ Fe oro = BE ) i ET Wich 8 i L LA |» ae A — + — pS ! D Cucharas, ) . N Sy rr ae 1/C TE X.; Antoni Nf — NORTHERN PACIFIC RAILROAD AND CONNECTIONS. Winfield Retake of Preceding Frame END OF TITLE "END OF REEL. PLEASE REWIND.