, wzmwwrutﬁwms . ACCOMPANYING E 1 «a «u U ﬁ ,3 m km “E 3m [5 ﬁn .nnl at» %. a m «a n a m. (HFT OF F. ﬁorrison A. L Karma T—4_v}Mﬁ-WKW .7; “WW-r .'~-". “- . l i ! n 'I‘IIIC GRI‘LYI‘ SOUTH GARDENS )rl'J“ ”"5! Jéggﬂwgﬂﬁ/z A Comprehensive Ofﬁcial Souvenir View Book of ._ ~ ~ﬁ§ ; r at, A MULTITUDE UPON THE PLAZA ROBERT A. REID, Ofﬁcial Publisher of View Books, 150 Halleck Street, San Francisco, Cal. ‘ ‘THE BLAIR-MURDOCK COMPANY. Printers — JOHN KITCHEN JR. COMPANY. Book Binders. 1915. {Topyright.1915. by TH}; PANAMA-PACIFIC INTERNATIONAL EXPOSITION COMPANY. c 1 K‘ I :CL II: n . ( Elntrnhurﬁnn. The indomitable energy, enterprise, and tenacity of the present-day American is signiﬁcantly illustrated in the success which has attended the Panama-Paciﬁc International Exposition. Its inception was a masterpiece of practical twentieth century adaptation of ideas to conditions, facilities, and feasibilities. The location of the site along the waterside, with the magniﬁcent San Francisco Bay as a forefront, the rugged great mountains on the horizon beyond, and the sightly hills of the city itself for a background, has served to indelibly impress the beauty of a city within a city on the memories of millions of people who will carry away to their homes all over this nation, and to other lands, keen and sen- sitive recollections of the breezy and delightful days spent here at the Exposition in the year nineteen-ﬁfteen. The great event which the Exposition commemorates has also about it some vivid personal romantic interest which makes for it almost as brilliant a setting as the hills about San Francisco, its glorious bay, and the azure sky above it. De Lesseps, the intrepid Frenchman, failed in his ambitions on the Isthmus, but he paved the way for Goethals and Gorgas, who with the same knightly instincts, but with a better compre— ihensio’n (If: the: conditions and scope of the great undertaking, succeeded beyond possible cavil, and together they make a trio of ﬁgures to stand ‘ lforevcrzliniifriduislay in the historic background of the Exposition. f“ Thencmagniﬁeentooountry of the Paciﬁc Slope, the mighty territory beyond the Rockies, and the wonderful natural scenic resources of all (the butiyirigiscctions(have accentuated the beauty of San Francisco itself. The diversity of the tributary states in natural wonders, and the easy and convenient means of transportation available, both by land and water, has made this an Exposition par excellence as an alluring and attrac- tive objective point for the visitor. The Exposition has been an amazing success. Its great palaces, with their myriads of exhibits, have furnished never—endingpsources of study and instruction. The educational features opened up to a receptive comprehension the wonderful progress being made over the world—in China, Japan, Siam, Java, Sumatra, New Zealand, Australia, the Philippines, Cuba, Argentine—as well as in our own land. The Art Palace, with its wealth of ﬁne paintings. the French Pavilion. Italian, Danish, Portuguese, Swedish, and all other foreign pavilions. have been favorite centers. The horse races have been unequaled. The State buildings have been constant in hospitality and courtesies. The live stock exhibits have drawn immense crowds. The aerial displays have attracted continually growing concourses of people, and the ﬁreworks have surpassed in wonders-the world’s greatest exhibits. The Zone has been an enticing focus for relaxation, amusement, and fun. Its resources for light entertainment have been inexhaustible. On the special days—those set apart for Marshall, Bryan, Clark, Roosevelt, Taft, and Goethals—the gates constantly clicked with the tally— ing of vast numbers. State, county, and city days have been continuous and happy events. Conventions, congresses, and conferences have brought together in good fellowship peoples from all the four quarters of the globe. It has been a “Year of Jubilee” to the millions who have been fortunate enough to behold the glories of the Panama—Paciﬁc International Exposition. To provide a lasting memento of a triumphant and world-inspiring event The Blue Boo/c furnishes in agreeable form a picturesque, concise, and comprehensive representation of the Exposition. To the courageous, self—reliant people of San Francisco and California, and its great—hearted neighbors in the outlying States, and to their fellow countrymen and country—women all over the Union, and to the progressive spirits from all the foreign lands who have generously helped to make this the greatest Exposition of all time, the books are dedicated. GIFT OF (12/: /} /) 3.4" Y, I’ (' vl{‘/" 4’ THE PIONEER MOTHER, BY CHARLES GRAFLY, SCULPTOR It seems most ﬁtting that this, the ﬁrst monument to be erected any place to the women who braved the Overland trails and did their full and fair share in subduing the wilderness, should have a place of honor at this world celebration. It is set directly facing the main entrance to the Palace of Fine Arts, between it and the Rotunda. The Woman’s Board of the Exposition promoted the enterprise; the Native Sons and Native Daughters were most generous contributors, as Were the school-children, so that the $25,000 fund it represents might almost be said to have been unanimous, so far as Californians are concerned. Many out- side contributions also were received from persons to whom the idea appealed. The inscription, by Benjamin Ide \Vheeler, President of the University of Cali- fornia, reads: “Over rude paths beset with hunger and risk she pressed on toward the vision of a better country. To an assemblage of men busied with the perishable rewards of the day she brought the three-fold leaven of enduring society, faith, 'gentleness, and home with the nurture of children.” The group, which is of bronze, will be removed to the new Civic Center after the close of the Exposition. ﬁ94362 311611 of Zﬂlluairaﬁnna Many sub-titles, pictures in groups, and minor engravings are omitted from this list. Page COURT of Abundance ........ 42 and 44 Flowers ......................... Four Seasons ............... 39 and 111 Palms . .......... 36 and 40 Universe .. .. ................. . 52 EXHIBIT of A1mstrong 001k Co. 96 Walter Baker & Company ....... 64 Bean Spray Pump Company... 102 Busch- Sulzer Bros ............... 9 Califomia Associated Raisin Co. 102 Ca1bo1undum Company .......... 81 Coldwell Lawn Mower Company. 102 Columbia Graphophone Company 39 Hen1y Disston & Sons ........... 5 Field Museum ............. . 89 Ford Motor Car Company... . 70 W. P. Fuller Company ...... .. 86 G01ham Company ................ 74 Hawaiian Pineapple Association. 103 W. R. Hearst .................... 80 Heinz “57” Varieties ............. 65 He1 ter Room Tapestries .......... 76 Hunt Bros. Canning Co .......... 103 India ............................ 73 International Harvester Company 60 Poppy Booth.. 102 Railroads Simmons Haidw e Compa11\.94 Speny Flour Compam ........... 63 Sutton Seeds Company ........... 102 Slymal B1and Oil ....... 102 Union Oil Company .............. 85 United States Steel Corporation. 84 \Valtham Watch Company ....... 75 R o d m a n Wanamaker Indian Paintings ..................... 90-91 \Vestinghouse Electric Company. 69 FOUNTAIN of the Beauty and the Beast .......................... 264 Ce1es ............................ Earth ...................... 43 and 280 Eneigy ....................25and 281 El Deiado Youth ..... Rising Sun. . . Setting Sun ...................... 270 MURAL PAINTINGS of the Expzo— sition ....................... 2—301 PAINTINGS in Palace of Fine Arts— A Daughter 01 Eve .............. 233 A D1umme1 Boy ................. 227 An Arabian Smoking ............. 235 Blue Depths—Carmel ............. 242 Brother and Sister ............... 259 CrossroadsﬂRavenrock .......... 239 Fighting Horses ............ ... 221 Gladstone at Hawarden .......... 255 High Tide: Return of the Fish— erman ......................... 232 Hungarian Buffalo Span ......... 222 Little White Dancer ............. 229 Mary Magdalene Anointing the Feet of Christ ................ 237 Maternity . . 247 May Bloom .................... 225 Mayflowers . . . .................. 260 My Family ....................... 248 My House in Winter ............. 230 Oriental Equestrian .............. 231 Pleasing Reﬂections .............. 233 Portrait of a Venetian Girl ...... 233 Page Portrait: Lydia Borelli ........... 229 Proximus Tuus .................. ‘. 261 Saglio Family .................... 226 Self Port1ait—Wm. M. Chase 250 Silhouette ....................... 229 Spanish Courtyard ............... 256 Spirits of the Twilight ........... 245 Summer Evening ................. 244 The Coming of the Line Storm.. 241 The Coming Storm ............... 243 The Hilltop ....... .... 228 The Hour of Rest ..... 224 The Native Song ................. 234 The Peacemaker ................. 262 The Penance of Eleanor ......... 254 The Road to the Village .......... 240 The Stampede .................... 257 The Siesta ....................... 25S Toning the Bell .................. 238 Venice, Morning .................. 223 Whistling Boy .................... 236 Woman with the White Shawl... 249 Young Mother... 2 Youth ................... . PALACE of Agriculture .......... 58— 59 Education and Social Economy. 87— 88 Fine Alts ..................... 9—11- 13 Fine Arts Illuminated ........... 112 Fine Arts Panorama .......... 252—253 Food Products ................... 61—62 Horticulture .. . . .20 and 101 Liberal Arts. . .. .97— 98 Machinery ............ . 7.7-78 Manufactures .................. 92- 93 Mines and Metallurgy .......... 82- 83 Transportation ................. 66— 68 Varied Industries ................ 71— 72 STATE and FOREIGN Section— Argentine ..................... 10— 193 Arkansas .. ...... 65 Australia .. . 214—215 Bolivia ...................... 18 California ..................... 136—140 Canada . . . . China ......................... City of New York ................ 180 Cuba ............................ 81 Denmark France .......................... Greece .......................... Guatemala .................... Hawaii ..... Honduras . Idaho ....... Illinois ................. Indiana .......................... Iowa .......................... 178- 179 Italy ............................. 18 3 Japan ........................ 196— 199 Kansas .......................... Maryland ..................... 142— 143 Massachusetts ................ 162— 163 Mississippi ...................... 165 Missouri ...................... 154— 155 Montana ...................... 148- 149 Netherlands . Nevada ...... New Jersey.. New York ................ New Zealand North Dakota .................... 16 Norway ...................... 216- 217 Ohio ............................. Oklahoma Oregon .. Panama ......... Pennsylvania ................. 150— 153 Philippine .................... 184— 186 Portugal ......................... 183 Siam ............................ 183 Sweden ....................... 210- 211 Texas ........................... 165 Turkey ....................... 194- 195 Utah ......................... 144- 145 Virginia ......................... 141 Washington . . ............... 160— 161 West Virginia . 168 Wisconsin ....................... STATUARY—C o 1 u m n of Prog- ress ......................... 268- 269 End of the Trail ................. 48 Nations of the East .............. 46 Nations of the West ............. 47 Pioneer .......................... 49 STATUARY on Buildings—Abun- dance .......................... Conquistador .................... 271 Electricity ....................... 274 Fairy ............................ 283 Festival Hall Sculptures ......... 284 Friezes on Palace of Machinery Columns Genius of Creation ............... Imagination . .. . Invention ...... Miner ......... Pirate ........................... Priestess of Cultu1e .............. 282 Spandrels on Palace of Ma— chinery ........................ 272 Steam ........................... 274 Triumph of the Field ............ 279 STATUARY in the Courts—Air. . .. 263 Arch of Rising Sun .............. 35 Arch of the Setting Sun ........... 34 Autumn ......................... 277 Earth ............................ 263 Fire ............................. 263 Rain ............................ 278 Spring ........................... 276 Summer ......................... 276 Sunshine ......................... 278 Water ........................... 263 Winter .......................... 277 STATUARY about. Palace Fine Arts—— 5 Pioneer Mother ................... Scout ............................ 15 Statuary about Fine Arts Pal— ace ......................... 287-291 STATUARY about Tower of Jewels— Adventurer ...................... Armored Horseman .............. Cortez ........................... Philosopher Pizarro Soldier .......................... Miscellaneous Pieces of Sculp- ture 285-286 ZONE ............ Creation ........ Grand Canyon. 3.11 and 312- 315 Infant Incubator .................. 314 Page Japan Beautiful .................. 310 Midgets .......................... 324 Panama Canal ............. 308 and 309 L. A. Thompson‘s Safety Racer. 315 L. A. Thompson’s Scenic Rail- way ........ Submarines Toyland ......................... Types on The Zone .............. 322 Typical Zone Scenes ............. 320 Yellowstone Park ........ . 3.13— 326 Zone Concessions ................. ............ 317-319-321-323—325—327—328 Zone Entertainers ................ 316 Zone Parades ..................... 318 Zone Restaurants ................ 326 MISCELLANEOUS— Administration Avenue. . . . . . .28—29 Admission Day .............. 117 Audience on the Plaza ........... 130 Auditorium ...................... 131 Avenue of Progress .............. 27 Aviators ......................... 127 Bands ........................ 119— 120 Battery of Searchlights .......... 128 Buildings ........................ 305 Bunker Hill Day ................. 116 California Grays. .. Cloisters Surrounding Courts. . .. 55 Exhibit Palaces ............. 23 and 51 Exhibit Palaces, Colo1ed Pano— rama .................... 166 and 167 Early Exposition Ceremonies ..... 31 Exposition Guards ................ Exposition Ofﬁcers. 8,10,12,14 16 Esplanade .................. 30 and 50 Fadgl Auto Train ................ 12 9 Festival Hall, Illuminated. 21 and 45 Fire Department ................. 51 Fraternal Orders. Garden Scenes ..... Hoo—Hoo, House of. . .. Hospital Corps ........ Inside Inn ........................ 134 Illinois National Guard ........... 121 Italian Towers, Illuminated ...... 53 Live Stock Illustrations ....... 106— 109 Marina, Illuminated ........... Memorable Days .............. 114-115 Mullgardt’s Tower, Illuminated.. 53 Naval Training School Scenes. 123 Newspaper Days ................. 124 Orchestras ....... . 118 Overfair Railroad 129 Oregon Sailors ..... 122 Palm Avenue ..................... 26 Portraits of Prominent Men ...... 7 Richmond Blues .................. 121 Scenes about Fine Arts Palace. 54 Scenes at the Exposition ........ 32 Seed Portraits of Ofﬁcers ........ 105 Service Buildings ................ 133 South Gardens ................. 22-302 Southern Paciﬁc Company ....... 100 Telephoning Across the Continent 113 Tower of Jewels and South Gar- dens ...................... 17 and 19 United States Mine Rescue Corps 128 United States Naval Academy Day ............................ 122 Yacht Harbor .................... 37 Colonel William C.Gor as FIVE GREAT AMERICANS, WHOSE NAMES WILL BE FOREVER UNITED WITH THE STORY OF THE CONSTRUC— TION AND COMPLETION OF THE PANAMA CANAL 9. General George. \V'. ‘l. Ex-President Roosevelt, under Whose administration a treaty with Colombia was negotiated and work on the Canal inaugurated. - Goethals, the army engineer whose skill and exceptional executive ability and high ideals of duty brought unbounded success to the Canal project. 3. President Woodrow “"ilson, under whose administration the Canal was completed. 4. Ex—President \Villiam H. Taft, under whose administration the work was efﬁciently prosecuted and who turned the first spadeful of earth at San Francisco dedicating the Exposition grounds. 5. Colonel \\'illiam C. Gorgas, whose successful scientiﬁc treatment of the malarial conditions on and about the Isthmus of Panama made the great project feasible. 7 7' ‘w ".iv'"'“‘*"‘t'""-‘i§»‘ «~ mtg; . ... r .. u- «u. .— 45....u . ”Mu...“ -. - n I x 1 CHARLES C. MOORE. President. 2 DR. FREDERlcR J. V. SKIFF. Director-in-Chief. 3 A. W. FOSTER. Treasurer. 4 RUDOLPH J. TAUSSIG. Secretary. EXECUTIVE OFFICERS OF THE EXPOSITION 5 CURTIS H. LlNDLEY. Solicitor General. 6 FRANK S. BRITTAIN. General Attorney. 7 CAPT. ASHER CARTER BAKER. Director of Exhibits. 8 HARRIS D. H. CONNICK. Director of Works. 9 GEORGE HOUGH PERRY. Director of Exploitation. 10 FRANK BURT. Director of Concessions and Admissions. ll JOSEPH M. CUMMING. Executive Secretary. 12 RODNEY S. DURKEE. Comptroller. THE PALACE OF FINE ARTS, BERNARD MAYBECK, ARCHITECT showing the open colonnades in which is placed the exhibit of sculpture. An altar and signed and achieved an effect of age, peace, repose and culture ams and Ralph Stackpole all have contributed to Beneath the dome the eight mural panels by Robert Reid are placed. The rotunda and Palace of Fine Arts looking west across the lagoon, its attendant Venus is built directly east of the rotunda. The architect, Bernard Maybeck, has de most appropriate to the purpose of this imposing structure. Ulrick Ellerhusen, Bruno Louis ZiInm, Herbert Ad the sculptural enrichment, their contributions being shown on following pages. 9 1 CHAS. C. MOORE, President. 3 \\‘.\I. H. CRUI‘KER. lst Vice Pres‘t. 3 R. B. HAIJ‘Z. 3nd \‘ice I’res‘t. 4 I.\\'.HEI I M.\.\' JR.. 3d Vice Pres't. 5 .\I. 11. DE YOUNG. 4111 Vice I’res‘t. DIRECTORS OF THE EXPOSITION 6 LE N SL055. 5111 Vice Pres‘t. 7 JAMES ROLPH. jR.. 6th Vice Pres‘t. S JOIIN BARNESON. 9 11.]. BRANDENSTEIN. 10 JOHN A. BRITTON, 11 FRANK L. BROWN. 12 P. T. CLAY. 13 R. A. CROTHERS. 14 GEORGE ’1‘. CAMEROX. 15 A. I. ESBERG. 16 CHAS. S. FEF 17 A. W. FOSTER. 10 18 HOMER S. KING. 19 CURTIS H. LINDLEY. 20 P. H. MCCARTHY. 21 JAMES )IcNAB. 22 THORNWELL MULLALLY. 23 DENT H. ROBERT. 24 A. W. SCOTT. JR. 25 HENRY T. SCOTT. 26 C. S. STANTON. 27 RUDOLPH J. TAUSSIG. 28 J05. S. ’I‘OBIN. BENEATH THE To the west through the arches are seen the open columns. Within the rotunda at the top of columns DOME OF THE ROTUNDA, THE PALACE OF FINE ARTS colonnades, and the ﬂower boxes supported by sculptural ﬁgures by Ulrick H. Ellerhusen, which surmount the Herbert Adams’s Priestess of Culture may be gllmpsed, and also the ceiling coffers in which the Reid murals are placed beneath the dome. The lights here are arranged to produce a semblance of moonlight. The statue is that of Lafayette, by Paul Wayland Bartlett. 11 DI“.l’AR'l‘MEN'l‘AI. CHIEFS OF THE EXPOSITION 9 Cims. E. \‘AN BARNEVICLI). Chief of Mines 17 GI;0R(;EW.KELHAM. Chief of Architecture. 26 CHAS. A. VomaLsANG. Commissioner of the l .l. E. l). 'l‘RAsR, Chief of Fine Arts. _’ .\l,\‘ \' E. l’Ul’li. Chief of Education and Social and Metallurgy. 18 H. D. DEW] .. Chief Structural Engineer. Exposition. . . lamnmny. 10 A. H. MARRWAR'I‘. Asst. Director of \Vorks. 19 W. D'A. RY Chief of Illumination. 27 WM. T. Siesxox. Chairman Reception Com— Chief of Liberal Arts. 11 G. 1.. BAYLEY. Chief Mechanical and Elec- 2‘! \V. D. EGILBERT Com'r California Building. mittee. Chief of Manufactures trical Engineering. 21 DR.J. D. LONG.Chief Hygiene and Sanitation 28 J. A. BARR. Director of Congresses. and Varied Industries. 1 E. E. CARPENTER, Chief Civil Engineering. 23 DR. R. M. WOODVVARI). Chief Medical Bureau. 29 W. L. HA‘l‘HA‘VAY, Commissioner World‘s 1n- l.ieut. (l. W. DANFURTH. Chief of Machinery. 1.‘ KARI. ’I‘. F. BITTER. Adviser in Sculpture. 23 JAY]. BRYAN, Assistant Director Conct ssions surance Congress Events. ’1‘. (i. S'i‘.\LLs.\n'l‘n. Chief of Agriculture. 1 A. STIRLiM; CALDER, Chief of Sculpture. and Admissions. 30 THOMAS M. MOORE. Commissioner General I). 0. LIV .\‘. Chief of Live Stock. 15 Miss (irHRlN. Chief Color and Decoration. 24 A. M. MORTE :.\‘. Traffic Manager. Eastern Headquarters. New York. .‘ G. A. l)i-:s.'lsuN. Chief of Horticulture. 16 Jimx )[CLAREN.Chief Landscape Gardening. 25 G. \V. STEWART. Musical Director. 31 HOLLIS E. COOLEY. Chief Special Events. 'I‘mammkr: HARIH‘ ‘ CHARLi-zs H. URI-:1 12 Mun-um... . .,.t - t , _ . .9, PANORAMA OF FINE ARTS PALACE AND SOME SCULPTURES The panorama of the Fine Arts Rotunda and colonnades in the upper picture is taken from the path that borders the lagoon and connects Administration Avenue with the Avenue of Nations. The charming ar‘angement of trees, shrubs, bamboo, vines, and ﬂowers, that make a perfect picture from every viewpoint, is shown, and on the extreme right a bit of the lagoon in which ﬂeets of lotus and pond lilies are aﬂoat may be glimpsed. This sheet of water mirrors palaces. wooded islands, and the sculptures that have been placed along: its margin in a way never to be forgotten. In the lower picture is an 0 'al basin—an ornamental pool set in the lawn north of the Fine Arts Palace. The \Vater Sprites placed in the center is as graceful as the curving rim of the breakers, and the Triton Babies on the right as joyful as a song. At the left is the Sun God and Python,which might be said to typify the conﬂict between material and spiritual. The diminutive size of these adds to the charm of the creations. All are the work of Anna Coleman Ladd and they bear the coveted tablet of prize award. 13 i JAS. I). ()‘.\ DEPARTMENTAL CHIEFS OF THE EXPOSITION—CONTINUED WM. 3. PEARCE. ssistant Comptroller. 7 BLYTHE H. HEXDERSON. Chief of Department of Trans- 10 CAPT. ED\\'ARD CARPENTER. U. S. A., Military Aide to E. H. HOUI‘ER. A stant Comptroller. portation Exhibits. the President _ \V. A. GRmx l.| Auditor. S O. H. FERNBACH, Secretary of the International Award 11 COMMANDER C. H. VVoovaRn, U. S. N.. Naval Aide to RmmAx R0 l .. l’aymaster. System. the President. .11.. Chief of Department of Concessions. Secretary of the Foreign Ofﬁce. 12 CAPT. FRED L. PERRY, U. S. A.. Assistant Commandant ' E. C. CONRUY. Chief of Department of Admissions. 9 J. ,l. )ICGOVERN, Assistant Director of Athletics. of the Guard. . 13 FRANKLIN MORTON Tom). Historian. THE SCOUT, CYRUS D. DALLIN, SCULPTOR A bronze, placed beside the path which borders the Fine Arts lagoon on the south. It is a part of the Fine Arts exhibit of sculpture, which for the ﬁrst time in exposition history has been given outdoor setting, the result in this instance being an absolutely appropriate placing. 15 MRS. F. G. SANBORN. President. MRS. PHOEBE A. HEARST, Honorary President. MRS. GAILLARD STONEY, Secretary. 'l‘H I“. \VOMAN’S BOA RD To the general public the Visible work of the \Voman's Board, during the Exposition period, will be the dispensing of hospitality at the California Building, and in connection with the women of the State, presiding over and conducting the social functions which are a part of the life of expositions. A large section of the State building has been designed for these social purposes and will be open at all times for the care and entertainment of the people—guests of the llostess State and its citizens. While the preliminary work of the Board has been most useful and brilliantly successful, it is at great gatherings of distinguished people that Women by tact, cultivated taste, and courtesy become leaders in the important duties of hos- pitality. During the period of the building of the Exposition the \Voman‘s Board has helped mould public opinion, and worked successfully through various agencies, among these by auxiliary branches through the Counties of the State. \\'ith the co-operation of other agencies it will assist in the care and guidance of visitors and will be especially helpful to women. The personnel of the Woman‘s Board is: Honorary President, Mrs. Hearst; President, Mrs. Sanborn; First Vice President, Mrs. Lovell White; Second Vice President, Mrs. 1. Low- enberg; Third Vice President, Mrs. William Hickley Taylor; Fourth 16 Vice President, Mrs. John F. Merrill; Fifth Vice President, Mrs. Frank L. Brown; Sixth Vice President, Mrs. Ernest S. Simpson; Secretary, Mrs. Gaillard Stoney; Treasurer, Mrs. Philip E. Bowles; Assistant Treasurer, Mrs. Edwin R. Dimond; Auditor, Mrs. Charles W. Slack; other Directors, Mrs. Edson F. Adams, Mrs. Frank B. Anderson, Dr. Mariana Bertola, Mrs. Francis Carolan, Mrs. Aylett R. Cotton, Mrs. Joseph A. Donohoe, Mrs. Joseph D. Grant, Mrs. Reuben B. Hale, Mrs. P. C. Hale, Mrs. I. W. Hellman, Jr., Mrs. C Edward Holmes, Mrs. John Johns, Mrs. Abbie Krebs, Mrs. Jesse W. Lilienthal, Miss Laura Mc- Kinstry, Mrs. Robert Oxnard, Mrs. Horace D. Pillsbury, Mrs. George A. Pope, Mrs. Henry T. Scott, Mrs. Laurance 1. Scott, Mrs. William T. Sesnon, Mrs. M. C. Sloss, Mrs. W'illiam S. Tevis, Mrs. E. C. Wright; Active Associate Directors, Mrs. George B. Sperry, Mrs. Alexander Russell, Mrs. C. S. Stanton, Miss Janet Peck, Mrs. George Hough Perry, Mrs. Mary Austin, Mrs. William Kent, Mrs. William Grant, Mrs. Herbert A. Hoover, Mrs. Minnie Sabin Cooper. The honorary members include Mrs. Hiram Johnson, wife of the Governor of California; Mrs. James D. Rolph, Jr., wife of the Mayor of San Francisco; Mrs. Franklin Lane, wife of the Secretary of the Interior; Mrs. Julius Kahn, wife of Congressman Kahn, and the wives of all other California representatives. THE TOWER OF JEWELS AND THE SOUTH GARDEN As soon as the principal gateway to the Exposition from the city is passed the dominating feature of the architecture, the Tower of Jewels, which rears itself Skyward for almOSt half a thousand feet, is confronted. Before it a great garden 3000 feet in length stretches, ﬂanked on the west by the noble glass domed Hor- ticultural Building and on the right by Festival Hall, a towering, graceful pile standing aloof from the massed exhibit palaces. 17 'l‘llE SOUTH GARDEN ANl) CALDER’S FOUNTAIN ()l“ ENERGY .'l‘l|'is View in the beautiful South Gardens shows A. Stirling (lalder’s Fountain of Energy on the left, its graceful ﬂashing spray veiling the ﬁgures in the has”) lll'slin'l‘ mist. ’l‘he fountain typiﬁes Energy, the Victor, Lord of the lsthmian \Vay, overcoming the barriers which separated the waters of the world. I‘m: passing throng is just the ordinary sightseeing assemblage of most of the days of the Exposition. 0n the right in the picture the main entrance to Festival Hall in its west facade is shown. The Mermaid fountain of Arthur Putnam at the east end of the long pools shows its commanding position, and on the extreme right that corner of the Press Building occupied by the rooms of the Press Club can be seen. Many informal sessions of visiting newspaper men from all over the world were held here. The Italian towers above entrances to colonnades surrounding the Court of Flowers occupy the center of this picture. 18 my 'l‘HE 'I‘OlVER OF JEWELS ILLUMINATED All previous lighting schemes were disregarded by the Exposition Illumination Department and the device of indirect or masked lighting was employed. The manifest advantage is the absence of glare and the restfulness and harmony. Added to this is the infinite variety possible in color combinations. This masked system permits at all times the architectural and sculptural beauties of the seven levels of the 435-foot tower to be manifest; it also produces iridescent radi— ance in the 125,000 swinging jewels which have been applied here. With the White light of the scintillator on Yacht Harbor back of it, and bathed in luminance from these concealed projectors, the tower becomes a thing of beauty to haunt the memory; in the miraculous colors projected on it during a beam drill which was part of the frequent ﬁreworks displays, or the weekly color illumination, it took hold on the imagination like a fairy tale, and when this happened in com- bination with some of the many pageants given in the Court of the Universe just north of the tower the effect was one never to be forgotten. 19 rt, idling? ‘ l' " .5 x l I ’ uni-awe v ‘5an 'l'HIC PALACE ()l’ HORTICUL'l‘URlC ’l‘his palace. Moorish in design. said to resemble arrhiteeturally the Mosque of Sultan Ahmed I, has marvelous enrichment of wr’aths, garlands. and vases of ﬂowers in graceful simulation of the displays the palace contains. The great glass dome, 186 feet in height and 152 feet lii‘(llzllll(‘ll_‘l‘. is atliiiirably adapted to the growth of tropical fruits, Vines, palms. and [lowers from many lands assembled here. In surrounding corner spaces lelt by this “squaringthe Circle are miniature gardens. one a .lapane e arrangement of pools with tiny bridges and flowery approaches; one a demonstration garden of the laxposition Lands-ape Department. This has been a gloi ol' bloom from the beginning; orchid . first; then a collection of lilies, including pond lilies of many sorts blooming in the basin. and following the lilies a rare assortment of bulb begonias almost as splendid as the orchids. 111 the buy “'lilt‘li extends from the (101110 10 Administration Avenue. some .300 feet in length. State and individual exhibits and utilitarian displays are placed. 20 SM} ‘. M HA1 1: FESTIVAL HALL is located at the east end of the South Gardens, the west entrance being shown in the picture. Architecturally it resem- , with seating capacity in the main auditorium for 4000 people. ‘ . The great organ, one of four largest in America, which has been installed here and on which daily recitals are played by world-famous masters of this mightiest of instruments, has 110 speaking stops and some 7000 pipe. Illumination is by means of searclilights in a pit centrally located and covered with screens, or projectors, of ground glass, producinU an elfcct of mellow, soft- . . . . . . o D . . ened radiance. To offset any possibility of monotony, richly ornamented globes of light are suspended at intervals below the balconies. Morning, noon, and night Festival Hall is tlironged for concerts, recitals, dance revues, conventions, and assemblies. This beautiful temple of the musc‘ bles the Theater Beaux Arts in Pari 21 VIEW IN THE GREAT SOUTH GARDENS The area covered by these gardens is about 1200 by 700 feet. The picture shows the rich detail of ﬂower vases, and the balustrade, both being of the imitation ’l‘rarertine construction material used throughout the Exposition. The outlook is to the northeast across one of the long pools, showing Italian towers that stand sentinel at the entrance to the (Iourt of Flowers. The ﬂower beds, at this time, were masses of pansies of inﬁnite color variety in an entanglement which made the pattern like a rich rug of Persian weave. velvety soft and pleasing. Donald McLaren, Acting Chief of the Landscape Department, contrived a changing scheme tor these beds of bloom by which. early in the \\'inter of 1914, along with the 200,000 little pansy plants twice as many bulbsimost of them from Holland—nar- 'ssus. datl‘odlls. and tulips riwere set. These matured quickly, so that for weeks after the Exposition opened on February 20 the pattern w s in glorious yellow as bellited the Golden State in its ginalest jubilee. ' \Vbile this ‘arni '21] continued the pansies were coming into their own, and the bulbs were removed overnight, revealing the pansy tapestry, which, by the time it began to lose luster, was superseded by a planting of rich red begonias. 22 ire-“(Wave as. i l’ANORAMlC VIEW OF THE MAIN EXHIBlT PALACES—NIGHT ILLUMINATION OF TOWER OF JEWELS AND MAIN GROUP OF PALACES The upper pa11o1a1na sl1o“s the Fountain of Energy in the ﬂower- bordered pool in the centel of the South Gardens opposite the main entrance at Scott St1eet. the To\\e1 of Je\\cls being equally distant flom it 011 the north. The temporary staging often in requisition and the dense crowds often assembled for special occasions ale to be seen. The Iowa picture showing the gardens at night was taken outside the ﬂoral wall which forms the south boundary. A battery of forty- eight searchlights located 011 the maline front of the Exposition, together with hundieds of concealed projectors, constitute the main source of night light, but countless arcs with diffusing globes are used in clusters or single 011 ornamental standards, and powerful gas lamps in pylamid arrangement are set high above the avenues and inclosed by banners bearing designs of heraldry. Several times each week beam dlills showing marvelously beautiful color combinations ale given 011 the scintillator and at other times color illumination of the tower showing it green, orange, blue, red, or amethyst, reveal in new splendors the 125, 000 jewels, the sculptural enrichment, and the architectural harmony of this tower which reaches a height of 435 feet, covering at its base an exact acre of ground. 23 i THE SOUTH GARDENS FROM THE PALACE ()F HORTICULTURE In reality the beautiful forecourt of the Exposition, this space laid out like a formal French garden, has a rounded central pool in which A. Stirling Calder’s Fountain of Energy is set. and to east and west 01‘ it long pools that mirror the surrounding palaces. Graceful fountainSi—the Mernmid, by Arthur Putnamﬁhave place at the ends of these pools close to the Palace of Horticulture and Festival Hall. Surrounding the pools are beds of low blooming ﬂowers that resemble rich tapestry, and these are protected by ornamental balustradcs with urns of ﬂowers profusely used. Stretches of velvet lawn form an outer border to this wonder garden, which is even more beautiful under the ﬂoods of night light than by day and which should b' all means be viewed from the heights, either of the Pre- sldlo, Sausalito, or the Marin hills. . 24 ' Mt lhk \Lm.wls.~‘x .. . i THE FOUNTAIN OF ENERGY, A. STIRLING CALDER, SCULPTOR This fountain is placed in the central circular pool of the South Gardens. The globe, some twenty-two feet in diameter, forms the pedestal. A vertical zone of writhing ﬁgures in relief ascends the sphere to the base of the Victor. Across the upper_portions of the sphere stretch slumberous Titans.representing the hemispheres East and \VestAa cat-woman symbolizing eastern civilization and a bullrinan typical of.the rude vigor of western. Above them a frieze of ﬂying ﬁsh spouts sheets of water in a descending curve. Surinounting the globe, Energy, the Victor, is symbolized by _the ﬁgure of a nude youth on a Spll‘lted_ charger, with his outspread hands and extended arms holding back the barriers. Above him Winged ﬁgures~Valor and Fame—bear a wreath and herald the achievement. The elfect of this dominant ﬁgure above the globe wreathed in spray is one of beauty and freedom. The night lights greatly enhance this concept of the triumph of energy. ’ 25 THE AVENLE OF PALMS This broad avenue running east and west has double rows on each side of date and fan palms spaced alternately. and have, been permitted to over-run the palm leaves. l‘estooning and embroidering them in myriads of star-shaped blooms of white, purple, and rose pink. In erotehes of old leaves nasturtiunis and other blossoming \'ll|(‘S lind nourishment so that a Il()\\‘er-tapestry has woven itself around the stems of the, palms. North of this elmrming parade are four exhibit palaces of the main group. Varied Industries in the foreground, next to it the Italian towers over entrances to colonnades surrounding the (lourt of Flowers, and beyond, the great Tower of Jewels, which is dirCL‘tly opposite the main entrance at Scott Street, is seen. The towers at entrance to the Court of Palms show faintly, as well as the south facades of the Palaces of Liberal Arts and Education. A glimpse of the Palace of Horticulture south of the avenue is seen on the left. At the base passion ﬂowers were planted 26 THE AVENUE 0F PROGRESS, PALACES 0F VARIEI) INDUSTRIES AND MINES UPON THE LEFT, MACHINERY ON THE RIGHT Looking north to the bay from the Fillmore Street entrance, this thoroughfare has the great Palace of Machinery on the right, and on the left or west side the Palaces of Varied Industries and Mines and.l\letallurgy are seen. The Palace of Machinery is one of the largest buildings under one roof ever constructed. It covers approximately eight acres, and within .1t the only indoor ﬂight ever made in an aeroplane was successfully made by Lincoln Beachey before exhibits were installed. Three central naves are 972 feet in length, the transverse naves being 372 feet long. The classic lines of the buildings are relieved by the arrange- ment of evergreen trees, ﬁrs, pines, cedars, and the rare weeping spruce of Siskiyou having been used against the buildings, while magniﬁcent dragon palms are planted close to the avenue. 27 ‘ K‘ .A‘. ADMINISTRA'I‘IOX AVENUE. SHOWING PALACES OF EDUCATION AND FOOD PRODUCTS UPON THE RIGHT The west facade of these palaces is shown. liaeh has a great half—dome of entrance, with fountain and appropriate sculpture. The, radial ceiling coffers here all'ortl one of the richest examples of the Exposition color harmonics of reds and blues and russets. Against the, buildings evergreens, eucalyptus, aeaeias, and pleasing arrangements of sln-uhhery are set, and bordering the avenue are forest trees, transplanted from the, I’rcsidio. The path which follows the Lagoon and leads to the Fine Arts Palace is seen on the left, and the Old Mission hell towers of the. California Host Building are visible in the distance. The color scheme as carried out in hunting and streamers may be seen at its best along this avenue, lagoon, wooded islands, and the Palace of Fine Arts to the west contributing to a picture that is perfect from any viewpoint. 28 ‘ o x , ADMINISTRATION AVENUE Administration Avenue, l‘ading from the Baker Street entrance to the California Host Building, is a main thoroughfare between the west facade of Horticulture and the main group. and the area laid out like a spr‘ad fan which is occupied by Fine Arts, State and foreign sites, and the 'aee track. To the left in the pic- ture the north end of the Palace of Fine Arts and encircling eolonnades, with a glimpse of the Lagoon, may be seen, with the dome of the Netherlands Pavilion directly to the west. In the center one of the lixpositiou’s four fire houses is seen, and at the end of the avenue the towe's of the California Building. The famous Oregon ﬂagstail‘ that stands 212 feet above and 22 feet below ground, being a single Oregon fir log contributed, with its H—foot flag, by the City of Astoria as its part in Oregon‘s participation in this celeh ‘ation looms up in the distance. The gold star which tips it measures 12 feet from tip to tip. 29 wTu—w-M M h ‘ ‘3'“: 7- 'i‘HE ESPLANADE ()ne of the most beautiful of the Exposition promenades is the wide Esplanade paralleling the bay shore and the Marina from the Avenue of Progress to the Massachusetts Building. The great Column of Progress which supports Herman )IacNeil’s Adventurous Bowman is seen in the center. This is located directly north from the Scott Street entrance and is “erected to all the birdmen who have made the conquest of the air possible.” The display section in which is placed the combined exhibit of ﬁfty-eight California counties is seen on the, left. Beside it is the entrance to the Forbidden Garden in the forecourt of the Host Building, which is a replica plot for plot and plant for plant of the ancient garden,‘ winch dates from days of the Padres of the Santa Barbara Mission, into which no Eve may enter, the only exceptions to this rule having been made for Mrs. Wllllam McKinley and Lady Franklin. The decorative little kiosks placed at intervals along main avenues are sales booths for souvenirs and refreshments. 30 REPRESENTATIVE GROUPS AT EARLY EXPOSI'I‘ION CEREMONIES In pre—lixposition days grouml-breaking ceremonies were a most interesting feature, for a friendly rivalry was maintained as to which should he most pie- turesque. The upper picture on the left shows a group of Swedish young men and Inaidens in native costume whose singing added much to the general joy of this occasion. The upper right sliows the ﬂagstatl‘ wreathed with “leis” on which the Island colors are just being hoisted at ground—In‘eaking ceremonies for the Hawaiian Pavilion. The guests as well as participants all wore these wreaths, made of paper or of natural ﬂowers, which are always a feature in Hawaiian festivities. The lower left shows the enthusi: ‘tie reception of Commissioner Ernesto Nathan’s speech at the Italian Pavilion ground-breaking. 0n the lower right the ﬂag—raising on the site of the Chinese pavilion, with little maids in native costume taking part enthusiastically, as they seem free to do under customs pre- vailing in the new Chinese Republic. 31 . «I. '.‘-lI—.II- ousifﬁ' '- I’ANORAMIC SCICVES AT THE EXPOSI'I‘ION 1. The Marina. showing a portion of the Esplanade, with the multitude which invariably awaited the start of the famous aviator, “Art" Smith, whose record for spirals included thirty—two complete loops. Safety ﬁreworks of his own devising outlined his gy‘ations in smoke wreaths by day and a trail of fire in night ﬂights. 2. A group of financiers during the bankers’ conventionria favorite way of procuring a souvenir with personal interest, the photograph being made by the otli al photographer. On this occasion. an adjourned session. for the purpose of enjoying the ixposition, these 'are—full people yielded themselves completely to tlle . ‘e-less inﬂuence of the Exposition. 3. ’anorama looking from the Cuban Pavilion, showing the Japanese Pavilion, which is in 1‘ *ality an assemblage of native buildings brought from the Flower) Kingdom. and with them came Japanese workmen who reconstructed the picturesque structures. the landscape ell'ects being achieved with stones. sods, shrublu . and stone decorations sent from a temple garden there. The Swedish Pavilion and others on the Avenue of Nations are shown, and dimly in the background l‘me Arts Rotunda and the exhibit palaces. The Inside Inn and Guatemala Pavilion are seen on the left in the picture. 32 THREE OF THE COURTS OF THE CXPOSTTION 1. The (lourt of Abundance, with ﬂowery plants and orange trees, and with statuary symbolizing the progress of man is one of the most attractive courts at the Exposition. The photograph was taken upon Raisin Day observed to extend the fame of the California raisin. 2. The Court of the Universe is the principal cen- tral court at the ixposition, having the greatest number of architectural and ﬂea] features. 3. The (lourt of the, Four Seasons has many symbolic features illustrat~ ing the divisions of time. 33 'l‘HE ARCH OF THE SETTING SUN The Arch of the Setting Sun in addition to the great group which crowns it, is ornamented on a level with Peace by Leo Lentelli, two on each side. Below them and between the columnspn which they rest are relief {liescesnt into the sunken garden are groups by Paul Manship. Rhododendrons m a va n3 un. the spring of the arch with ﬁgures of the Angel of . medallions by Bufano and Calder. At the level of rlety of colors ﬁll the garden beds surrounding the fountain of the Set- 34 ARCH OF THE RISING SUN 1 features, situated at the eastern end of the Court of the The Arch of the Rising Sun is a beautiful architectural achievement, with characteristic Orienta ﬂcent emblematic group of sculpture, “The Nations of the Universe, which is especially rich in allegorical groups and ﬁgures. It is surmounted by the magni East.” 35 THE COURT OF PAL\IS Looking north from the Avenue of Palms across the Court of Palms one sees the garden in the Court of the Four Seasons. This perfect birdseye View of this most beautiful of the lesser courts shows Fraser’s End of the Trail in the foreground, the ﬂower-bordered paths, the mirror pool, and beyond it the bubbling well circle. The frieze above the columns shows the color harmony. Dense old cypress trees are set beside the columns at entrances. Gorgeous masses of Cal- eeolnrin form :in outer border for the colnnnudes, and the sunken pools are set in a frame of blooms in rich variety of colors. Palms, and numbers of rare shrubs are to be found here, many of them sclectcd for their fragrance. 36 SCENE IN THE YACHT HARBOR, EXPOSITION WATERFRONT The throng that lined the shores to watch the water parade sweep in double line along the hay in the sunlight of a perfect day when the “Landing of Colum— bus” took place was most enthusiastic, and in addition to these, everything that could ﬂoat in the waters supported its human freight of participants or spee- tators. The athletic societies and fraternal orders took prominent part and occupied all manner of fancy ﬂoats. In the lead were, the Red Men, a riotous lot of joyful savages who arranged themselves in a reception line. The Nina, the Pinta, and the ﬂagship of that ﬂeet——the Santa Maria# were last in line. The yacht harbor proved a favorite rendezvous for water craft throughout the period of the Exposition. 37 l‘tlLN IAIN ()I“ CICRlub'. COLRI ()P l‘()L‘R SEASONS The Fountain of Ceres, which seems to symbolize the graciousness and beauty as well as the bounty of Nature, is the work of Evelyn Beatrice Longman of New York. The procession of ﬁgures that forms the frieze is particularly pleasing in the airy grace and swing that animates it. The fountain occupies a position in the center of the extension that leads from the (lourt of the Four Seasons to the Marina. the Palace of Food Products being to the right and the Palace of Agri- culture to the left in the picture. Above the entrances to these colonnades the great group, Feast of Sacriﬁce, by Jaegers is seen. The landscape effects include velvet borders of ground pine around plots of grass or of ﬂowers, some, old Irish yews probably as old as the City of San Francisco, and some “blue gums” of unusual beauty. Above the hall‘ dome to the south of the court the, Harvest group is placed. and the exquisite ﬁgures of Rain with outstretched arm holding a shell and Sunshine shaded with a palm frond are set on the top of columns that ﬂank the entrance, all being creations of Albert Jaegers, sculptor. 38 LOOKING FROM THE (IOURT ()l“ FOUR SEASONS TOWARDS THE St‘l 'l‘lliliA'l'OR ’l'ho Fountain of (lo ‘os is soon against the background niado by boanis from tho scintillator, and in tho mirror pool of tho l‘oroground fountain, fan I'a nados, bannorod lights, and shrubbory appoal'. This circular pool is in tho, oontoi' of the Court of tho Four Soasons. In those night oli'oots a p10: mt ovon glow is maintainod. tho, walls and every dotail of enrichment being brought out with startling distinotnoss, loaves and thoir shadows in tho groups of atacias sot close to the buildings horo. and ovon tho t‘rotwork of tho cornicos being clearly soon. The sculpturos woro soldom soon to such good advantage by daylight, even though sunlit bay and blue sky united to form a background for vista View. ‘s, colon- 39 rﬂw» my. Warm; 5:4 1.1-1: ‘1“ ‘iﬁ‘.’ t"!'.'..“ ....- “5559.“: THE COURT 0]“ PALMS THE COURT OF FLOWERS [he outlook amass the (Zourt of Palms in the uppel pictu1c is taken from the ent1ance to the (‘ourt oi the Foul Seasons, the dome and pylons of the Palace of Horticulture seen in the distance. The borders are thickly massed by low ﬂo\\ers and the effect is rich and splendid. 'lhe frieze 01 fruits is t()l()l‘(‘(l in dull russcts, reds, gold, and green and paneled hy caryatides by John Batelnan, sculptor. In the lunette over the entrance to the Palace of Libclal Aits, on the left in the picture. Char] 's ll1>ll()\\11\ s 111111111, the Pursuit of Pleastue, is placed Facing it across the court is Childe Hassam’ 5 Fruit and Flo“els ahoxe the Palace 01 l.ducatiou (loo1\\1n. In the loucr picture, the Cou1t of F10\\ers, the camera “as directed to“ ard Festival Hall, the great dome 01 which is seen in the distance. lldgar \\ alter s fountain, Beauty and the Beast, occupies the center of this court. Orange trees that were laden with fruit and ﬂowers both at the same time are set close to columns The ﬂower plots are of a splendor appropriate to a Court of Flowers. From niches of the gallery above the colonnades Calder’ s Slave Girl bows beneath the weight of her chains of ﬂowers. 40 NIGHT SCICVIC 0N 'l‘HlC MARINA tation, and Mines and )Iotallurgywil'ronting on tho lisplanado is idcntical with surrounding the nichcs abm'c doorways, which contain sculpturcd 'adianco from the scintillator, tho \‘clvct lawn with lmrdcr of low shrnhs strvtching away to the, to tililk‘ a picture of rcxnarkablc intillator drill given from the Yacht Harbor are seen to advantage from all points on this mile—long plcasancc. The night ﬂights of aviators which thrill the crowds begin and end here. The north facade ol’ L-ach 01' four palaccsirl’ood Products, Agriculture, Transpor the two picturcd in this night sccnc 0n the Marina. The rich and lllll‘lL‘tltL‘ ornamentation ligurcs ()l' the Conquistador and the, Pirate, bathed in silver 1 low parapet with light standards at intervals, the rippled expanse of hay, with diin shores beyond jewelrd with lights, coniliiuc hcauty. The ﬁreworks displays and sc 41 .~ r~ ”gab—ark, We; man—J. THE COURT OF ABUNDANCE AND THE ORGAN TOWER This court. designed by Louis Christian Mullgardt, is the real home place of the Exposition, from choice. The sculptur's by Chester Beach used gatherings great and small, formal and informal, being held here in embellishment show mankind in ascending stages of civilization. The lacy, sea—foam effect is enhanced by ﬁgures of water sprites created by Leo Lentelli, on columns ﬂanking the tower. A long basin in the center of the court contains Robert I. Aitken’s Fountain of the Earth. and around the rim at inter 'Jls serpent standards support receptacles from which gas torches ﬂare. At the four corners of the court, beneath the eolonnades, B‘angwyn’s marvelous mu ‘als representing the elements are placed. Italian cypresses are trained against columns, orange trees bearing both fru1t aiid liloom form an outer border to the rich ﬂower borders. The palaces surrounding the court are Varied Industries, Mines and Metallurgy, Transportation, and . anu actures. 42 THE FUUNTAIN OF THE EARTH, ROBERT I. AI'rKEN This dramatic conception, which its creator has called the Fountain of the Earth, is set in the Court of Abundance. Mr. Aitken in describing the composition ain structure is a group of ten crouched ﬁgures, those 011 the left suggesting the dawn of life, those on the right the fullness and the one of two enormous arms and hands, giving life with the one and taking it with the other. The four panels anity, which surround the base of the great globe, are separated by colossal Hermes with out- the globe. Steam clouds says: “Lendixig up to the m end of existence, with a symbolized Destiny in the sh in pierced relief' symbolizing life and the motives controlling hum ﬂung arms grasping reptilesisuggestive of earliest forms of earth life—from the mouths of which streams of water are thrown over shroud it by night. 43 ’l‘lllC 'l‘()\\'lil{ IN 'l‘l’llC CULIR'I‘ ()F ABUNJLXNCIC, A\ll) SCULPTURES DECORA'I‘ING IT The entrance :n'ch hcncuth the tower is ﬂanked by columns supported by water Sprites, created by Leo Lentclli, sculptor, a like ﬁgure being set at the top «11‘ the column. The 'l‘ruvcrtine throughout this court curries l'rcttcd designs that produce an indescribahly light, lacy, sea-foam effect to whieh these bew1tchlng ﬁgures :ldd most appropriate mnbcllishnmnt. An enlarged View of the Sprite is placed to the left, and one of the Chester Beach groups seen In the central Inche of the tu\\cr is shown on the right. 44 FESTIVAL HALL AND THE ITALIAN TOWERS lLLUMlNATlCD A soft glow from the inside light shone through the grad l‘an windows throwing the sculptures The picture, taken from a point near the, Scott Street entrance. shows also the Italian towers Flowers, fountains, FL i\'al Hall under the night lights is exceedingly beautiful. into relief, and every detail is mirrored in the long pool adjacent. at ent‘anee to the Court of Flowers, with Car] Gruppc’s dainty figure of the Fair} most effectively seen against the background of the night. evergreen trees, ﬂower borders, and palms all contribute to the perfect picture which is presented nightly to the gaze, of throngs that gather for concerts, recitals, and other all'airs given in Festival Hall. Echoes from the great organ in Festival Hall reach many who love to loiter without. 45 ..-.‘_ ”Hg-3m .r; w”. ' .Aﬂkm. o‘tﬂ .5; .5 ‘36 " WW w~ . w ‘l \ ﬁt V v‘v‘am , 'I‘HIC NATIONS OF THE ICAS'I‘, A. STIRLING CALDER7 LEO LEN'I'ELLI, FREDERICK (l. R. ROTH, SCULPTORS This group crowns the Arch of the Rising Still. It is the work in collaboration of A. Stirling (lalde', modeled the mounted horseman, and Frederick (‘2. It. Itoth. who nlodeled the, huge elephant in the ares arc: Arab warrior, negro scrvitor hearing baskets of fruit, camel and rider, Falconer, elephant with howdah containing a ﬁgure embodying the. spirit of the East and attended by Oriental mystics representing India, Buddhist lama bearing emblems of authority, camel and rider (Mahometan), negro servitor,d\lon— golian warrior. The lines from the “Light of Asia,” epitomizing the spirit of the East, are inscribed on the arch beneath the group: “Unto Nirvana, He is one with Life, yet Lives not—He is blest ceasing to bc—Om Mani I’admi Om—The dewdrop slips into the shiningr sea.” who modeled the pedestrian figures; Leo Lentelli, who center of the group and the camels. From left to right the [1g- 46 THF. NATIONS ()F TH 16 WEST. A. S'l‘lRuxu CALDER. l.1-:o LENTELLI, FREDERICK (.l. R. ROTH, SeL‘LP‘I‘oRs This group crowns the Arch of the Setting Sun and is the work 01' A. Stirling Calder, who modeled prise, and Hopes of the Future. Messrs. Leo Lentelli and. Frederick G. R. Roth collaborated, the former the imaginative ﬁgures of the Mother of Tomorrow, Enter- producing the four horsemen and one pedestrian—stile Squaw and the latter the oxen, wagon, and three pedestrians. From left to right the ﬁgures are: French trapper, Alaskan, Latin-American, the German, the Hopes of the Future, represented by two boys on the wagon, Enterprise, the Mother of Tomorrow, the Italian, Anglo-American, Squaw and American Indian. The types selected Were of those colonizing nations that have at one time or place left their stamp on our country. The following lines from Emerson’s “The Young American” are inscribed on the arch beneath the group: “There is a sublime and friendly destiny by which the human race is guided the race never dying, the individual never spared—to results affecting masses and ages.” 47 erm-mr' , THE END OF THE TRAIL, JAMES EARL FRASER, SCULPTOR Near the west end of the Avenue of Palms and directly in front of the Court of Palms this equestrian ﬁgure, the End of the Trail, is placed. The drooping, storm-beaten figure of the Indian on the spent pony symbolizes the end of the race which was once a mighty people. The sorrowful story is so simply told it gri s and haunts the beholder. Chief American-Big-Trce, a tall and stately young full blooded Iroquois Indian now at the Exposition, was the model who posed or the sculpture. For six months in 1913 American—Big—Tree posed for Fraser in the latter’s New York studio. Until he saw it at the Exposition the Indian had no iden of the destined setting for the group. ‘ 48 THE PIONEER, SOLON BORGLUM, SCULPTOR The Pioneer, an equestrian ﬁgure fronting the Avenue of Palms at the entrance to the Court of Flowers, is the work of Solon Borgluin. It portrays an old man, axe and riﬂe in hand, musing on past days of hardship, when these implements and the log hut and stockade dimly indicated on the buffalo robe which forms his saddle housing, were his aids in the subjugation of the wilderness. Solon Borglum, Danish sculptor, born in Ogden, Utah, 1868. studied in Cincinnati and later in Paris and is now a resident of New York. - 49 THE ESPLANADE This \"it‘\\' of the lisplanade shows se\eral of the, State buildings, with the dome of the Massachusetts Building in the. distance. New York, the Empire State, is resplendent with one of the ﬁnest ediﬁces upon this popular thoroughfare, which is seen at the right. The Pennsylvania Building is the ﬁrst beyond, with its pillared center. designed to admit of large numbers of people seeing the Liberty Bell in the shortest possible time. Further on upon both sides are many of the flue State buildings which have added greatly to the variety of attractions at the Exposition. The gardens surrounding the State buildings form ﬂower borders for the avenue, diﬂ‘ering from each other. The shrubs clipped to shape and the urns of ﬂowers of the, New York State gardens are formal in eﬂ‘ect. The Nether- lands gardens, almost directly opposite, have, close masses of crimson dahlias that form a rich border. Pennsylvania has parterres that are a colorful riot of blooms. A ribbon of Roman stripes formed of gladioli of different colors beautiﬂed still another building, all combining to produce a beautiful cited. 50 N16” 1‘ lLllﬁIlNA'l‘lUN ()11‘ EXHIBIT PAL \(‘FS In the liffhting 51111111111 111‘ the I] \11ositi1111 511111111111511115 plan an unusual part smelal hundred 111' these being operated from r1111eeale1l 50111115. 51111111 1111111 the ﬂoral “all that 1"o11ns the south 1111111111111 ' ol the 31111111115. otheis lron1 1111115 111 buildings. The Tower. with its thou 111115 111' 5\\in1'in1,1; _i11\\1l.5. 15 the 1111115. Ian rays 110111 the seintillator on the\ aeht I arbor 51111111 half mile to the south, 11511111‘i1lllx on the nights when the eolor screens are u5111l. a11- as splendid 115 the Aurora Borealis 01' A11tie night. l.\1-1\\here this indirect li1 51111111; 11 evail . Are lights in aisles between court‘ are 1111'1151111 in shell . (Iololnlades 111 1 1111111 '111 in the ﬂutes back 01' 1111111111111. 1\ 11111 (1 lights along avenue have hanne s. 111111 in the gardens ground gla. glolu .e1‘een the elu 11111111 lights 11111111316 1111111 111 the ourt of the Univerc. the nitrogen lamps are. set i1151 le glass 110111111115 35 feet in height and 3 feet 01‘ 111011 in diameter The 111111111 111' the Palaee of Hortlulltul‘e 1. illuminated from “ithin the palace by :1 111111111 ' 01 pD"0\\er1ul projectors, these being operated through 1"oloied 5111111111.. 111111 in Festiwil Hall light5 t in a pit below the ﬂoor in the center of the building 51 me through sand-blasted glass which produce an effect 01 1111:1111“ moonlight 11110 1ether 11 0111111111111, indeserihably beautiful, and most appropriate as 11 musical setting. 51 ' #6 'ssw‘” ' tit THE COURT OF THE UNIVERSE FROM THE TOWER OF JEWELS Grand and beautiful vistas may be seen from the Tower of Jewels. This picture shows the main central court from the tower. The fountains with their s11— very spray, and rhododendrons in full bloom, make an entrancing picture. In the View is shown Sousa’s Band giving one of its daily concerts in the band stand beyond the sunken garden. At anchor in the San Francisco Bay may be seen three of the battleships of the United States Navy, the Oregon, “the bull dog of the navy,” being in the center. Hundreds of people daily visit this battleship, which is famed for its record-breaking run around Cape Horn. 52 med i g ITALIAN ’I‘O\VERS, ILLU MINA'I‘ED MULLGARD'PS TOlVER, ILLUMINA’I‘EI) The Court of Abundance at night, with the serpents” heads emitting tire, and the hidden lights on )Iullgardt’s tower wreathed '1 clouds of slezun, makes 11 p1 ure long to be remembered. This wonderful tower. illuminated, has an air 01' mystery about it, and seems to portray the m m of the 1 11‘ East. The Italian towers. illuminated with the hidden lights and by the searchlights loom up at night with striking ﬁled. The illumination by set colors, greens, reds, pur- ples, eta. give an endless variety of effects in the illumination of these towers. 53 n-.- t a} t a i. i i SCEHES ABOUt lHlu l‘INlt‘, AR l‘S PALACE Architect. landscape artist, light wizard. and the director of the department by co—operating in the arrangement have, wrought a marvel of loveliness in and about the Fine .\rts l’alace. It is curved in shape. the semi—circle being some 1155 feet in length, its arms embracing the lagoon with the rotunda between. The panel in the center shows the rich arrangement of trees and ﬂowers. Featllery cu ‘alyptus Show against the columns and masses of low growing shrubs and ﬂowers are set in front or them, with a hedge of roses rimming the path. ;\s a setting for sculpture, it is unrivaled. The panel on the right contains Anna (Ioleman Ladd’s fountain. \\'in(l amt Spray. set in the edge of the lagoon close to the path. It bears the coveted little gold tablet of award by the, International Jury. The View on. the lel't_shows a ﬂower box and the details of the rich ornamentation. By daylight or night light, when by decree of the wizard an effect of moonlight pre- vails, this is one of the beauty spots of the Exposition. 54 - 1 ‘ “Mm-4.” “Jﬂ‘ CLOISTERS SURROUNDING COURTS AT THE EXPOSITION The rich. mellow, old ivory eifect of the The spacious colonnades that surround all courts, connecting the palaces, are in every way restful and delightful. imitation Travel-tine marble of which palaces are constructed shows nowhere better than in these shaded walls and ﬂuted columns with acanthus tops, as shown in the vista on the right. Lights concealed in bowls sunk in the ﬂutes, and Cloister lamps in Exposition russcts, reds and blue suspended by heavy chains, sup ly the light. The picture on the left shows a colonnade of the Court of Abundance, with one of the Brangwyn murals dimly visible on the end wall. The ceiling coffers are deep blue. 55 =: V . .rzwzmr ' CUR'I‘EZ, BY CHARLES NIEIIAUS, SCULPTOR “Cortex, Hernando~1485-1517,” is the way it appears in the encyclopedia. He seems to have been to the, Pacific (Ioast what (Iolunlhus was to the Atlantic; and I’izarro‘s picturesque, reckless. and intrepid expedition taken at about the same time~132li~was of such daring that the, selection of these two as subjects for the sculptures to have places of honor flanking the triumphal arch beneath the Tower of Jewels seems most appropriate. (Iortex set out with 11 ships. .100 European mlventurers, 200 natives, “3 horses, and 1-! guns just twenty years after the great adventurer had set up the ﬂag of New Spain in the “'estern Hemisphere. The hardships encountered in reaching and founding Vera Cruz were appalling. The deeds of Cortez in Mexico inspired Pix: H), who set out with a party num- I‘.‘ hering only 168 to discover whether the tales of treasur‘ . and of the existence of a civilized people in the Andes were true. Disaster pursued the expedition up to the tune of his death in 1511, but he blazed the trail civilization has followed. PIZARRO, BY CHARM-2s CAREY RL'MSEY, SCULPTOR 56 GROUP OF THE EXPOSITION GUARDS THE FIRE DEPARTMENT OF THE EXPOSITION The efﬁcient company of guards has charge of the policing of the grounds and guarding the exhibits. In their neat uniforms they make an excellent show- ing. The Exposition is well taken care of against loss by ﬁre by a very up-to-date ﬁre department. Three stations are placed about the grounds, all being equipped with motor-driven vehicles. 57 i I i :u;;.;- .gu. . . .2; ..; 'r<:.v‘:'_ J‘vvmf at.” THE PALACE OF AGRlCUl/I‘URE The north facade of the palace is shown and part of the colonnadcs that inclose it on the west. all over the earth in be\\‘ildering variety and novel form, but in connection with the pr industry. (ias traction engines, grade lcvclcrs, water elevators for grain cleaning devices abound. livery modern improvement over ucts, such as Iowa’s River of Corn, Oregon’s the hack—to-the-land movement acquires The exhibits here, include not only agricultural products from oduct the agricultural machinery which has revolutionized the agricultural irrigation, slump pullers, combined harvesters and threshers, farm lighting machinery, and the pioneer equipment of ax, plow, and hoe is exhibited. Viewed in connection with the prod- “186 varieties grown on one farm,” the display of grains from China, and a great number of other wonderful exhibits, a powerful impetus. 58 .Y‘Mq~w~., “I"! ‘1‘? 3‘}?' . . TWi‘;"‘7"',éT \ INTERIOR OF THE PALACE OF AGRICULTURE The Palace of Agriculture contains many of the most elaborate exhibits at the Exposition. Most beautiful and interesting is the exquisite setting occupying the center of the two main aisles, representing a typical American farm, in four seasons, so arranged that the spectator sees but one season at a time. The palace has wonderful exhibits of farm products, modern farm machinery, and many scientific appliances for producing the greatest crops from Mother Earth. As agriculture advances so does the civilization of man, and here are shown many exhibits that entice one to forsake the city for the country life. 59 “tur-I-i ‘ -' . A»; ‘v ‘ ~ lax“. 11AM!" L _ ‘ _ v . _ on V " ~_ ~ '- , a} , A?“ V 1;?»- --?.u;u‘\1 I": ‘ 3“! your!" . 4r , ' § ' 'l‘HIC INTERNATIONAL HARVES'I‘ER COMPANY OF AMERICA This thirt,‘ x ilrst pri' interi itional ha ster exhibit in the Palace of Agriculture epitomizes “the earthly hopes mcn set their hearts upon,” because from the gold medal model farm centeI we r liate related exhibits that Cover pretty nearly every source of our national agricultural wealth. A model grand pri e Mogul tractor for use on the farm designed to draw the plow in Springtime, harvest the crops in Summer, fill the silo in Autumn. while a miniature Interna- tional motor truck delivers the surplus product at market points. An International engine furnishes power to develop light for house and barns, pump water operate cream separator. 'hurn and washing machine. grind feed. saw wood. and turn a grindstone. The evolut of the combined harvester from its eal beginning. in the ;the and cradle that were in n ' iin the memory < this generation is shown, step by step, ( rather implement by implement. The )ICCt mick reaper. so revolutionary in its time, show ‘ puny contrivance ill Lompa son with the great com 1 machine that moves in majesty across the emplre embraced in a modern wheat tleld. Besides Ult‘b( grtat labor-saving machines all classes of agricultuial deuce are shown. W...w~.w.~.u a»!- . 7—,. . Pl'ltlJSIIER'S NO 7T)“- exhibits appearing in these pagex are selet'led impartially from thousands. all meritorious They are shown million! other consideration than that [he reader xho If! have a fair impress on of the eharm-Ier anal immensily o/' the roller/ion of exhibits at this I position. It would be impossible to illnslrale all notable exhibits in a popular work of Ihix chararler. ‘Amw-“muw . . Ivr‘"' .‘- PALACE OF FOOD PRODUCTS The picture shows the west fa‘ade of this palace upon Administration Avenue. 1n the niches Charles R. Harley's Triumph of the Fields is placed, and the half dome of Vigor has Earl (Ilnnmings’s beautiful ﬁgure, Vigor, above the columns. Exhibits in this palace are, a delight to visitors, for in many instances they are working models that distribute the outputi—eanlleries, breweries, bakeries, teas, coll‘ees, chocolates, gelatine exhibits resembling beds 01' gay ﬂowers, and a most unique 'andy market, all busily engaged in demonstrating the worth of their wares. The Chinese booth serve regular luncheons of Chinese, viands. The, coin- bined wineries exhibit is of great beauty. The Spei ' Flour exhibit has a cook from every nation that uses its product to demonstrate the preparations in which it is used. Heinz‘s 57 Varieties make a remarkable showing, and in the, Japanese space a 'ariety of products that are novelties are shown. 61 A VII’AV IN THE PALACE OF FOOD PRODUCTS The baker. the conl'celioncr. the miller, the housewife, the, teacher of domestic . ience will find in this palace specimens of everything mankind eats, how it is converted from the raw product into food, and how to get most out 01' the ‘aW article. 0n national fete days natives in costume will serve bread’and pastries cooked in native style: Moon cakes and chow by Chinese maidens; Sac—Kwashi cakes by Japanese girls; kalatsch by Russian maids; German zweiback; vand- krinkle from Sweden. Students of the “high cost of living” will ﬁnd information on every sort and kind of food product. Among the practical exhibits dis- played are: A ﬂour mill, turning out ninety barrels of ﬂour a day, a huge baker’s oven in constant operation, a food products laboratory conducted by the government. Uncle Sam‘s idea of what a model kitchen should be and how it should be run to get the best and most economical results. 62 EXHIBITS OF THE SPERRY FLOUR COMPANY 1. This company has complete modern ﬂouring mills in operation showing the process so that all .an see and understand how wheat is turned into ﬂour the ﬁnest of all products from cereals. 2. The upper pictures show the booth in which the mills are, operatin". The! lower Views 'liow the demonstration kitchens. Where in addition to displays of products and processes there is a chain of tiny kitchens in which cooks from many nations, in costume. are at work (lemon— strating some special preparation of their home lands, in which Sperry products are, chief ingredients. (Zorn pone. inuilins, and Virginia cornbread may be sam- pled. The Russian cook oil‘ers Perosky meat rolls, aladdi, 'areniki, perhaly babka, and kasha. The Scandinavian cooks, in gay apparel, oil‘er among other things olands brod, mannagryns kaka, bakelser, and bruna pipparkakor. The French offering is doughnuts and cm souls. and among others are the (lhinese fried seed cakes, Hindu pakauvi as made by a native of India, Hebrew noodle pudding, Japanese tea 'akes and Mexican enchiladas will be found. Besides watching in every instance how it is done, the visitor may carry away printed directions. 63 ) l1 .: ll yt ~—l . Arr 1 ~32 A A .2: 'l'HI’, \\ AllllCR BAlxltR 8; ('(l. EXHIBIT The house of \\'alter Baker & (10., Ltd., dates hack to 17135, when the ﬁrst mill was built on the Dorchester side of the Neponset River, at a point long known as Milton Lower Mills, now a suburb of Boston, Mass. Fifteen years later the plant came into posse 'on 01' Dr. James Baker, and from this beginning the world— l‘amous mamil'acturing estahlislnnent has developed, passing from the founder to Edmund Baker, 11 son, and in turn to Walter Baker, his grandson. after whose death it passed into the control of Henry L. Pierce, until its incorpo‘ation under Massachusetts laws in 189:"). On the spot where the industry had its beginning more than A century and a quarter ago the business has continued and attained its present proportions. The, little wooden mill has developed into six mills, on the Dorehester and Milton sid ' ot' the river, that comprise eleven and a hall' acres 01' ﬂoor space. The exhibit in the Palace 01' Food Products is arranged in a White and gold building two stories in height, with adjacent garden where guests are served with chocolate. It is one 01‘ the finest structures for exhibit purposes at the Exposition. The story 01' the product from seed time, through harvest, to the, ultimate consumer is told and its purity shown. 64 EXHIBIF OF THE HEINZ’S “57” VARIIa PIES This exhibit in the Palace of Food Products illustrates the growth of a great industry which had its beginning in 1809 when Henry J. Heinz, with a plot of cultivated horse 'adish less than an acre 1n extent, founded the enterprise of which he is still the head and which employs regularly about 5000 people, the num- ber running up to about 45,000 at harvest time. Some 30,000 acres of farm and orchard land owned or controlled by the company supply the fruit and vege— tables in fresh condition. Fourteen branch factories. located in seven States, have been established for convenieneeia wonderful achievement in one lifetime. The, pyramid of the products erected at a central lo‘ation has the cabalistic “57” conspicuous above it, and the procession of the fifty-seven in the order of their adop— tion in front of the motion picture theater is a center of never ﬂagging interest. Within the theater films are shown of employees at work and at play. telling the wonderful story of development. Social service is shown to reach the highest point of perfection, for in addition to rest, recreation, and class rooms every facility is provided to encourage men and women to work to solve their own problems, select their own courses of study and development, and to find joy in every hour 0 life. 65 t 7:: mug. '.n*-.-.A 'l‘Hln PALACE OF TRANSPORTA l‘ION The north facade of the palace is shown. The beautiful ornamentation over the doorways affords a fine example, of the color harmony of the Exposition. The design, copied from the architeetural adaptation of the silversmith‘s art prevalent at one time in Spain, worked out in the pastel shades ls most'eifectlve. 'lhe exhibits in this palace include every known method of transportation. About one-third of the floor space is ﬁlled with automobile displays, which Include a Ford assembling plant that turns out machines at the rate of one each hour. Appurtenances, equipment, and furnishings are so arranged they make a border for the display space and relief maps and panoramas of scenes along the roadways form a fascinating background. An annex constructed for the overflow from thls exhibit with an equal ﬂoor area contains motor trucks. Many locomotives and up-to-date railway coaches are installed by (litterent railways and builders. Acro- planes, dirigibles, ocean craft, dump wagons. whale boats from Alaska, pleasure craft, and equipment of all classes are so placed that the expert mlght quickly investigate his specialty and the amateur could readily acquire a vast amount of useful information. 66‘ » ; ,xwv‘. w THE GOLDEN GATE FRUM THE TOWER OF JEWELS ”i yv,,‘;m ‘ _. i a: alMlKQ g a0 cg, \‘uv .Lgs n; Sat-em “Ask SCENIC IN THE PALACE ()F 'l‘RANSl’OR'l‘A’l‘I()i The marvelous progress in the means ol‘ travel and freight transportation from the Atlantic to the Paciﬁc and over the highways and l)y\'ays ()l' the country during the last generation is ellicicntly demonstrated in the Palace of 'l‘ransportation. The mammoth locomotives capable of hauling sixty to eighty cars, and mod- els of oc'an steamships with a carrying: capacity for thousands of passengers. trolley cars with latest improvements for street t‘avel, and the ubiquitous automo— hile \vilh trucks and trams, and the motorcycle, in its various forms, and electrical apparatus and appliances are here shown either in original makes 01' in {lalmriltell'ilc similes. Russia, Japan, Italy, and Morocco have alluring exhibits in a section 01' the building, adding an Old \Vorld ﬂavor to the attractiveness of the t ew ‘ort inventions. 68 ,. saw—awn: cuppa-Mm: ..€E} ”mi i _ l 9 w § E L i N f? a 8 0 s E E . nwco THE WESTINGHOUSE ELECTRIC AND MANUFACTURING COMPANY’S EXHIBIT This locomotive, mounted on a turn-table underthe center of the dome in the Palace of Transportation, is one of the striking features in this assemblage of twentieth century marvels. The turn-table, built by the American Bridge Company, weighs 440,000 pounds, including the locomotive, and is revolved once every five minutes by a 10 horse—power induction motor. This locomotive, the largest in the world for passenger service, weighs 150 tons and is the ﬁrst side— rod gearless locomotive ever placed in service. It has been in service four and a half years and has run approximately 120,000 miles. Twelve million passengers annually are transported over the electric terminal of the Pennsylvania Railroad from Harrison, N. J., to its New York station by these locomotives, which are capable of attaining a speed of sixty miles per hour with full train. In the Palace of Machinery the \Vestinghouse company’s exhibit, occupying about 10,000 square feet of space, includes a large assortment of domestic and industrial devices for heating, cooking, lighting, and power purposes as well as power gener— ating and converting devices. In the Palace of Mines and Metallurgy “the mine” arranged by the United States Bureau of Mines is equipped with Westinghouse manufactures, including motors for blowers, air compressor, pumps, cages, and two Ba]dwin-VVestinghonse bar—steel frame mine locomotives that the visitors may learn just how the old-time mine mule has been replaced by modern motive power. -4“; ~‘ THE FORD MOTOR EXHIBIT The Ford assembling exhibit in the Palace of Transportation, where eighteen Ford cars are turned out each day; the sociology exhibit in the Palace of Mines, showing the improved living conditions due to the Ford proﬁt-sharing plan, and the motion picture exhibit in the Palace of Education, showmg Ford'undcrtak- ings and accomplishment in and around the factory and features connected with the welfare work are shown to thousands daily. In the mechanical exhiblt shown above people seem never to tire of watching a rear axle go through the various processes until with its additions it grows into a complete motor car. The soclology exhibit contains two remarkable models of the Ford factories at Detroit, and at Ford, Canada. Every building, foot of track, traveling crane, Window, frelght car, and the like is exactly reproduced and all colors and architectural ell‘ects are. preserved. This exhibit also includes models showing the evolution of a‘Ford work-- man’s home and surroundings. These exhibits received grand prize, medal of honor, and gold medal, the three highest possible awards at the Exposmon. 70 THE PALACE OF VARIED INDUSTRIES This view shows the corner of the Palace of Varied Industries where the Avenue of Progress and the Avenue of Palms unite. It permits a glimpse of the Wonderful main portal in the south facade and the consols spaced at intervals that uphold the device of the grizzly bear embracing the seal of the State of Cali- fornia. The palace is slightly lower than the street and a terrace of gay ﬂowers and trellised acacias slopes down to the base of the trees planted close to the palace walls. Within this palace the carpet of the Caliph is not far to seek. The rug displays, the cunning work of silver and goldsmiths, the tapestries, needle— work, laces, furs, and velvets—‘all are so displayed that the effect is like a dream of the splendors of the Orient. The great number of countries from which products of industry have been gathered and the wide diversity of the exhibits fully justify the name of the palace. , 71 .i i i F ‘vrm‘;— _- ‘c-‘Snx.<_‘.‘£.:5‘: as: . “wwwmw .mwwagaa'cgrwa' < k \\ totes \ \ § \ t 4’ THE PALACE OF VARIED INDUSTRIES Lovers of arts and crafts, of things dainty and rare for the person and for the house, will ﬁnd plenty to interest and instruct in the Palace of _Varicd Indus— tries. The exhibits represent the ﬁner and more artistic things of the manufacturing industries. There are splendid showings of silks, porcelalns, ceramics, embroideries, examples of superior needlework, expensive tapestries, clocks, watches, stationery, sewing machines, appliances using gas and electrlcity tor the household, steam heaters, radiators, furniture, carpets, carpet sweepers, and the entire range of household necessities. Looms are in operation producmg ﬁnished products of silk, wool, and cotton. The processes of watch manufacture are shown by machinery nearly as delicate in operation as are the watches them- selves. There are approximately three hundred separate exhibits represented in this palace. 72 THE INDIA BOOTH This very notable collection of the, rich productions of India’s artists and artisan are pictured above, is just to the right 01‘ the Avenue of Progess ent'anee to the ’alaee of Varied Industries. It is under management of F. J. Bhunigara & (To. The collection embraces ancient pottery, seventh to eighteenth century, of rare, value; s, which is exhibited in the beautiful booth, the, exterior and interior of which _ cloth of gold, brocades, and tissues, thirteenth to sixteenth century; great displays of costly embroideries, laces, shawls, shades. lamps, weapons, plpes, coins, enamels, inlays of metal, ivory, pair] 01' jewels. ~ar's'ings, the exquisite work of the gold and silversmith in bracelets, necklaces, bangles, and ornaments of 'al‘e design. Paintings, 'arvetl furniture, easlnnere rugs, and other Indian wares make the exhlblt lavishly attractive. - 73 {. i. a x . r : gnaw 32-2: ' Mb. . THE GORHAM EXHIBIT The general style of the Gorham Pavilion in the Palace of Varied Industries is that of the Spanish plateresque, or the style of the silversmiths. At one entrance a pair of ornamental gates, a reproduction of the famous gates of the Louvre, have been placed. At the other entrance the gates are largely a reproduction of the entrance gates to the J. P. Morgan Memorial at Hartford, Conn. The exhibit forms one of the most important collections of fine wares ever put together by thls company, and its record in the various Expositions is founded on artistic exhibits of the utmost importance. Established in 1831 with a capital of $12,000, the G_orham Company has grown to a corporation with a capital of $5,000,000. The designs included in this great exhibit are exceedingly beautiful. Besides gold and Silverware there are stained glass windows, memorial tablets, architectural bronze, stationery, and engravings of a rich simplicity that repays careful study. 74 THE VVALTHAM \VATCH COMPANY EXHIBIT At the pavilion of the VValtham Watch Company in the Palace of Varied Industries the visitor may learn the history of a great industry, truly and typically American. Watches and watch making machinery of American make ﬁrst came into existence at Waltham, Mass., some sixty years ago. The company is now the largest manufacturers of time-pieces in the greatest variety in the world. Automatic machinery of their invention for manufacturing watches has been installed in the pavilion and the progress made since the World’s Centennial at Philadelphia in 1876 is shown graphically by the contrast between the ﬁrst watch of 1856 and the present day perfect time-keeper the Size of a silver dime. The exhibit has been awarded the highest honors over competitions from all parts of the world. 75 g g l i F. r 93—. Tic. mar—m m, ‘9 &,3ph » " IHIS HI‘ZRIER I.()()M TAPES I‘RIES EXHIBIT The exhibit of tapestries and fabrics of the Hcrter Looms, Inc., of New York City, is made at the Panama-Paciﬁc Internatiomil Exposition principally for the purpose of showing the world this lirm’s great accomplishment in hand-woven tapestry. These looms were instituted by Albert Herter, one 01' America’s ﬁnest mural painters, he having brought the looms and weavers from Aubusson, France, seven years ago. The cartoons from which the tapestries are woven are designed and painted by a corps ot‘ artists, and it is due to a ﬁne color sense that the tapestries have all the value 01' the host weaving and the wonderful dyeing which give them the softness of old tapestry. The display includes many beautiful textiles woven in hand looms from special designs, to be used for furniture cover— ing and hangings. Fine furniture, lighting ﬁxtures, lamps, and original and beautiful shades and screens are additional products. The grand prize has been awarded to the tapestry panels; one also for the furniture covering and hangings; and gold medals, the highest award, on fine furniture, lamps, and shades. 76 ’lHE PALACE ()i“ MACHINERY This, the largest palace on the grounds, is said to be one 01' the largest ever constructed under one roof, and we the ﬁrst to be completed of the exhibit pal— aces. Three naves running north and south are 972 feet in length and three transverse naves are 372 feet in length. The enormous display space thus created is perfectly lighted. 'l‘he dignity ol‘ labor seems here exemplified in every feature. 01‘ the exhibits, the Hearst color press is perhaps first in the number of visitors it attracts, with the Government demonstration 01' submarine mines which occur at stated hours a close second. The Diesel gas engine, which was the ﬁrst exhibit to be installed at the Exposition, the turbine wheels, the lathes and the wonderful work they do, the motors and engines of various sorts, the mine hoists, the carrier cranes which demonstrate their usefulness and worth at the time of installation of these heavy exhibits, and all appurtenances and appliances that apper- taln to the heavy work of our industrial life make this palace a wonderfully interesting place to visitors. 77 .. ,__ﬁ_, ﬁ. ¥k*_ , *mawF -t.‘__ w.-. ~—_~x‘,.*--_ _m_ﬂ A ff 2: ﬂ 3: E .. INTERIOR OF THE PALACE OF MACHINERY In the Palace of Machinery are centered great products of modern America in heavy machinery, machine tools, steam, gas, and oil engines, pumps, freight and passenger elevators and hoisting apparatus generally. The wonders of VVestinghouse’s fertile ingenuity in switches, brakes, and railroad safety appliances and an endless number of mechanical and electrical devices by Edison are found here. The printing press, the linotype machine, water and oil meters, storage batteries, safe manufacturers, and the builders of the latest motoring machinery make a ﬁne display on the ﬂoors. The government has extensive exhibits of bat- tleships, submarines, torpedoes, and sunken mines, with models showing improvements and changes in army equipments, and resources from one period to another in the history of the country. The great Hoe press, showing the lightning-like evolution of white paper into a ﬁnely printed modern daily paper, The Examiner, is a continuous source of interest. 78 A g: T an \V a 3:» THE BUSCH—SLILZER BROS—DIESEL ENGINE COMPANY EXHIBIT ( A Diesel engine in daily operation in the center of the great Palace of Machinery is one of its striking features. It was one of the first exhibits to be installed 1' at the Exposition and was started by President Wilson by wireless from \Vasliington, forming part of the opemng ceremonies of the Exposition. From that time x it has attracted marked attention from visitors. The engine operates on cheap fuel oil and is claimed by its builders, the Busch-Sulzer Diesel Engine Company of St. Louis, to be the most economical type of engine in existence. The engine is directly connected to an electric generator supplying electricity to participants through the Exposition. The quietness of its operation is very noticeable and the cleanliness of its surroundings is emphasized by settings of plants. polished ﬂoors, rugs, and the spotless uniforms of operators and attendants. 79 l _ . 7 _.,__‘, _ y 1 ll am it ii ll . itiiii "-t’lll '1‘ H 19 H lCARS'l‘ 14:.\ H 1 MT Probably no other exhibit at the Exposition has been productive of so much genuine interest to so many people as this, the largest color press in the world, which is at the western end of the, Palace of Machinery and which is in daily operation turning out the, color sections 01' the Sunday issue of the Examiner. In the crowds that surround it will always be found many school children, who seem never to weary of watching this marvel of mechanism. In this press there are seventy—four color platesritwelve yellow, twelve red, eight blue, two orange, and forty black~ ~which work magic on the paper web that unwinds from enormous rolls, each containing something like, three and a half miles ol" paper, emerging ﬁnally in l'olded sections ready for Sunday morning delivery. At the low speed employed the paper travels 3H) feet per minute. The length of the longest lead of paper from where it enters the press to the point of exit is 104 feet, and the amount consumed in one edition would reach from the Paciﬁc to the Atlantic Ocean. \Vorkmen are busy with the “make-ready” on Thursdays and Fridays, and on these days the giant is still. The press, invented by George E. l’ancoast, was built in New York by It. Hoe & (Io. and made the trip through the Canal to the Exposition, being in readiness for operation on opening day. The grand prize was awarded to this exhibit. In connection with the great press are other evidences of the enterprise of Mr. Hearst in the displays concerning the monthly magazines and other publications of national l'ame. EXHIBIT 01“ THE (TARBURUNIMJM COMPANY (Iarborundum, the new substance, made from coal dust, sawdust, salt. and sand was discovered in 1892; by Edward Goodrich Acheson at Monongahela, Pa., in the course of labo‘atory work. It has usurped to a gr‘at extent the part played by emery and diamond dust in many manufactures. The ﬁrst small quantity manufactured netted a return of some $20 a halt' ounce, being sold by carat weight. The, (larhorundum Company, developed from a small beginning, has a plant at Niagara Falls covering fifteen acres of ﬂoor space where thirty of the largest and hottest electric furnaces in the world produce an annual output of about 12,500,000 pounds of crude carborundum, selling for some, 10 to 12 cents per pound in the crude form. The product as it comes from the furnace is of inde— scribable beauty and rainbow splendor. Grinding wheels, sharpening stones, earborundum paper and cloth, 'alve grinding compound, and the like are manu- factured from earborundum which has been crushed and graded, mixed with bonding materials that differ to meet the requirements of each use. The exhibit in the Palace of Machinery includes hundreds of articles that emphasize its usefulness to our every—day lives, all of them being manufactures in which this new abrasive hashbeen used. Tools, farm and household implements, eng‘aving tools,,\vlieels for cutting glass and polishing jewels, and an exhibit of cut glass of great eauty are s own. . Ii ii 9‘: h, l. "ts-r THE PALACE OF MINES AND METALLURGY The picture shows the north and a portion of the west facades of this palace, the arrangement of trees along the walls, and the sunburst that lights this exten— sion leading north from the Court of Abundance to the Marina. State exhibits are displayed of mines and mine products from California, Idaho, Illinois, Indiana, Louisiana. Missouri, Nevada, New York, Oregon, Utah, the Philippines, and Alaska, comprising every known mineral and the methods by which they are extracted and treated. The Yulm gold dredge attracts many. Gold dust, colors, ﬂakes, nuggets, quartz, galena, and other mineral forms in nearly every exhibit are the cen- ters of interest. The use of minerals in color preparation for paints and the various ways cement enters into building operations and decorative Work is most instructive. The Exposition postotllce and the mint exhibit of the Government are installed and in operation in this palace. 82 i =\- 'c' I s.,_' ‘t :::'3 Nu :w a u "it 1 A SECTION OF THE GOVERNMENT EXHIBITS—MODEL POSTOFFICE Our government has made extensive displays in several of the exhibit palaces. They are the most popular of any to be seen, probably because the people them- selves own them. In the Liberal Arts Palace are exhibits of the State Department, Department of Commerce, Reclamation Service, Indian Bureau, Fine Arts Commis- sion, Smithsonian Institute, Public Health, Red Cross, Marine Hospital, Library of Congress, Census Bureau. Bureau of Standards, and Isthmian Canal Commission. Army and navy exhibits are in the Machinery Palace, the Bureau of Fisheries in Food Products Palace. The Treasury amt Interior Departments are in the Mines Pal- ace. Agricultural and educational exhibits are in their respective palaces. 83 THE EXHIBIT OF THE UNITED STATES STEEL CORPORATION The exhibit of the United States Steel Corporation is a conspicuous one, occupying 42,000 square feet of space in the Palace of Mines and Metallurgy. The wide range of operations from mines to ﬁnished products portrays in an interesting, instructive, and comprehensive manner the extent to which this industry has become an essential part of our daily life in an infinite number of ways. The exhibit shows not only the advance made in processes of manufacture but the advanced activities and interest or the corporation in the betterment of working conditions surrounding its employees, as well as social. educational, and rec— reational conditions related to such employees and their families. The company employs 228,906 people. Ore mining, handling, shipping, coal mining, coke mak- ing. and lake. river, railroad, and ocean steamship transportation are grouped in the center of this section. Booths around contain displays of products and their uses. In the motion picture theater a continuous program from 11 A. )1. to 4:30 P. )1. features operations in this industry, “The story 01' steel.” 84 nil ’ m. I?“ ;, l ‘ 1. ca, . a minimal”. 5 v 4- !. _ ha:====r‘ «mu-It: -.' .nmiﬁaﬁrq tumﬁﬁél u EXHIBIT OF THE UNION OIL COMPANY necessity of the canal builders next to labor, that is, fuel, it is appropriate that the Union Oil Company of ‘California should he ﬂttingly represented. Its exhibits are primarily educati ml in character. The main exhibit, in the Palace of Mines and Metallurgy, consists v-of a cyclorama representing typical California oil field country with its peeu arities of topography and color. The wells, derricks. tanks, and pumping plants :are shown, with a typical oil field town and reﬁnery located on tidewater, with wharves and docks. One of the great gushers of the San Joaquin Valley is rep— resented in action, with derrick reﬂected on a lake of oil of its own production. The exhibit is housed in a building of massive appearance, in front of which rise four dinosaurs, representative of that great family of giant reptiles which seems not to have survived the enormous upheavals and crustal movements of late Cretaceous times. The Union Oil Company of California is the outgrowth of an amalgamation of a number of smaller companies established in the early days of “the California oil industry. It has always been independent of other and larger corporations. 85 {xv "are." earfwnawnmwwjvquwﬁ As this company supplied perhaps the most ha, ,» . "1': w":- r m'ivqu‘nwzwggwx , lCXllllil'l‘ ()I“ 'l‘lllC \\'. l’. FULLER COMPANY This exhibit in the Mines Building is one whieh ‘auses a great amount of favorable comment. Interest is divided between a miniature white lead \\'()1‘ks,_wherc eaeh sueeessive pi'oeess in the manul'aeture ol‘ white lead is shown aml a Moorish exhibit palace. The great variety of colors and artistic design of the lilagree and ol‘ the mosaie patterns of the palace and surrounding \\ Iii are parlieularly noteworthy. A semi—circular amber glass dome supported by. graceful travertme eolumus standing in front of large plate mirrors, " an attractive feature. The interior of the temple is divided into twelve compartments. Various paint products, enamels. varnishes. and oils are shown in an arti tie manner, A third feature of the exhibit is a residential court, where four miniature bungalows are ﬁnished with l.'t(‘l'il)l‘ paints l'or eont ete. wood, and shingles. Real ﬂowers, a lawn, and fountain playing in the court add a natu‘al appearance to the houses. lho grand prize was awarded to this exhibit with two gold medals ol' honor and one gold medal. 86 ,l’AliACli ()l“ EDUCA'l‘lUN AND SOCIAL lC(‘()N()MY The west facade of this palace, on Administration Avenue, is shown mirrored in the, Fine Arts Lagoon, along the margin of which is a rieh border of peri- \\'iukle. A eiruular fountain is ’et at the entrance to the great half dome of Philosophy, the ceiling eoll‘ers of whirh, in Exposition colors, contribute to its beauty. \\'ithin this palace are innume able welfare and educational exhibitsiichild welfare, race betterment, the Montessori method of edneation, the federated churches, and school exhibits from nearly every State and many foreign nations. Six motion picture theaters are installed in the building and are in eontinuons operatioIL 87 ‘_.._,_~.__ —— ~w_——- i i o i, i eamnu<$1 'c a's’; 5.“. “Mm‘.'- 4...<.._.u..m.=‘..:=_t INTERIOR VIEW IN THE PALACE OF EDUCATION All phases of educational work, from the kindergarten to the university, and comparative exhibits of the educational system of all nations are shown in this. palace. The United States Department of Social Economy has brought together a comprehensive collection of exhibits illustrative of the conditions and neces- sities of man considered as a member of organized society and government. Child welfare and the work of organizations such as boy scouts, charities, correc- tions, criminology, urban problems, park systems, public buildings, street improvements, and many other subjects receive exhaustive treatment by exhibits. Commerce and labor problems are studied and compared by exhibits. The latest discoveries in hygiene, methods of missionary work. international and universal: peace institutions. diplomatic and consul systcms receive a broad treatment by exhibitional studies. 88 ORIGIN OF COAL nan 5mm) New“ lHE FIELD MUSEUM EXHIBI P This exhibit in the Palace of Education of the N. \V. Harris Public School Extension of the Field Museum of Natu'al History shows this practical educational service in a most attractive form. By means of this device through the medium of a traveling museum, first proposed in an address to the National Education Association at Asbury Park in 1905 by Doctor Frederick J. V. Skiff, Director of the Field Museum, has grown to its present scope. It makes the wonderful pos- sessions of the museum accessible to school children by distribution of small representative collections to schools, accompanied by a prepared paper descriptive of the collection, which the teacher may read, making it a part of the day’s exercises. The ﬁrst picture shows the booth and installation of specimens as arranged for use of schools. The picture 011 the upper right, of the origin of coal, shows the formations and the card tells the story. This is also true with relation to the grey striped chipmunk on the lower left, where the home and habits of the animal are indicated, along with the mounted specimen. On the lower right is the .eacao, the long pod which contains the chocolate beans, an accompanying complete descriptive card giving the story. 89 HKlR'l‘IXU 'I‘llll SKY l,li\'IC (‘IIIICF 'l‘\\'() MOUNS ()N CLIS'I‘ICR BA'IVI‘LICI‘VIlCIil) Photographs copyrighted, 1913, by Rodman \‘t'anamaker In tho ltodman \\'anamakor oxpoditions to tho North Mnorioan Indians all of tho 18S) trihos that romain woro visitod. lwr. 'l‘ln- lirst “as undo takon for tho purposo oI‘ prosorving a lnslory of tho l'ast vanishing raco in 1909. makor li.\podition ol' (Iitizonship. \\ hon tho trihos Woro oarh prosontod With a_ ﬂag, to \\'hioh thoy promisod allogianoo. Tho pioturo at tho top ol' this pago, Skirting tho 8k) Lino. slums tho ohiol‘s returning homo from tho last groat Indian coum‘il, hold at (Iro\\' Agonoy in Montana in August, HIM). In tho lowor pioturo (Zhii-I‘ 'l‘\\o Moons of tho (Irov lriho is sot-n standing among tho monumonts on tho (lustor hattloiiold, tolling in sign languago tho story of tho light. Both pioturos al‘o o\hil)itod in tho ltodnian \\'anainakor oollot'tion in tho rod\\'ood booth In tho I’alaoo 01' Education. 'I‘horo is also a motion pioturo thoatol' Whoro iilllls showing tho lil'o and oustoms of tho Indians solortod from 8000 photographs takon In tho courso ol' throo oxpoditions tho oxpoditions hoing tliroo in num- ()ut of tho conditions disolosod grow tho ltodman \\'ana— ‘ _ _ by Doctor .losoph K. l)i\on, “ho ronduotod thom and “hoso looturos at 11. ‘1. and I o‘olook oaoh day aro attontlvoly listonod to by larg' uudlonoos. INDIAN APPAREL AND INDIAN ARTS Photographs copyrighted. 1913, by Rodman Wanamaker A picture of Chief Rustler 01' the i inilmine tribe is on the left and on the right a woman of the Hopi tribe with olla s eh ‘ are made to water long distances up steep grades. Indian handL :li't, such as the beadwork seen on the tunit oi' the e iel'. the quill work and enibroidel and the blankets and pottei the tanned hid , furs, and feathers and the ha ' and blankets are popular with residents and touris in the Southwest. and are largely purchased as memen- tos and souven The pottery of the Hopis, vast and jugs in a variety of shapes and beautiful dull eolorings have gained espeeial recognition. Both pictures are striking types of the Indians so extensively exhibited in the Badman \Vanamaker collection. 91 1 i i l i i i THE PALACE 0F MANUFACTURES A portion of the south facade of the Palace of Manufactures is shown in this picture, with a bit of the long pool of the South Gardens in the foreground, and one of the, Italian towers at the entrance to the (lourt of Flowers. This palace contains the manufactured product of forge, furnace, loom, and factory in endless variety. Especially valuable among exhibits here are the porcelains, the carvings, and the fabrics, the latter varying from sheerest silk and lace to deep piled velvet. Fibers of silk, cotton, wool, ﬂax, aml hemp are among the, materials used. The collective gas exhibit, the novel devices for heating, lighting, and cooking, delight the home loving and fashion lovers ﬁnd choice of garments made from fur and leather, in addition to those made from loomed fabrics. Jewels, inlays, and like product of many lands are of great attraction. And a factor in assembling and distributing all these things is shown in the telephone exhibit, with its relief map for background and its daily demonstrations. 92 """—._____.____—_ 3&3): ”1“,“, . INTERIOR OF THE PALACE OF MANUFACTURES The Palace of Manufactures contains a great variety of exhibits covering carpets and rugs, hardware, stoves and ranges, household utensils, plumbers’ sup- plies, enameled ware. rubber goods, the products of the boat builders, the rope makers, the hoot and shoe manufacturers, the leather and lumber men, and the builders of billiard tables, the makers of gloves and hats, and space has been used for electrical apparatus and ﬁle and saw makers. The ingenuity and artistic taste displayed in arranging many of these exhibits greatly enhances their attractiveness. The Japanese, Italian, French, and English sections here are particu- larly interesting. 93 l .ﬁ-«r -— —- I‘ZYIIIIS ‘l‘ DISTIIIIITDZ S \\\\\\\\\\\\! mmVjﬁ} i fw”: "' . 1 SIMMONS HARDWARE ommxv Kt — 7llL-IIZIPIIA IU'II'I'H" I" Il""" NZV‘ﬁIKHTT ‘IOI'X (In ST LA‘SvQ ‘ \“HH: mum; Jg,\~/~' \ l \\\‘::\u :yn/M" J ' , 7 ~///////., . 'rr'n,‘/ \_. a 'W!‘53.3.1;A‘H‘lﬂllikwug- i $395 "I"llllllllllllllllllll ll""lllllllllllllllllll llllllllllﬂmw l‘lll‘l l‘IXllllill ()l‘ l‘lIlC SIMMONS llARl)\\ARlC (‘()f\tl’;\N\ 'l‘he e\hibil ol' I\'een ltutter produetions has been one of the most notable ill the I’alaee 01' Manufactures, and is deserving of all the attention whieh has been bestowed upon it. lidge tools lend themselves readily to the deeorative wall seheme and ornamental borders and the anvil ehorus hammers out harmoniously that "Keen Kutter 'l‘ools llaye the Right lting." The largest poeket knife in the world, here shown. weighs 200 pounds and measures eleven l'eet. \Vltil 131113108 extended. The great seal of the State of (Zalit‘ornia. made entirely of hardware, eontains 889 pieces 01' regular stock. The outside saw-tooth eirele is 01‘ Zig—Lag rules, the ring around the seal ot‘ aluminum letters with borders 01' harness spots, the semi—circle ot' thirty-one trade-marks represents the number of States In the t'nion al'ter (Zalit‘ornia “as admittedi The helmet ot' the Goddess Minerva is a Keen Kutter hatchet; the erest a cycle: the hair is 01' brass jaek eha‘1n;‘the ornzunents harness spots; euirass and armor are 01' niekeled jaek 'hain; the waml is a drill rod and harness ring; the shield is a copper wash-boiler bottom w1th 1ur— niture nails and harness spots: the bear is of steel wool; the miner 1s of bent nail‘ the sheal' 01' Wheat 01' sacking needles; the water and mountains are outlined with niekeled jaek ehains. 'l'he e.\hibi1 was l'ashioned by \\'illiam .l. Britt, l'or thirt _ y-six years eontinuously with the Simmons Hardware Company. Ten thousand sep- arate pieees of hardware and 2000 feet 01‘ ehain were used in this display. 'I‘HE EXHIBIT ()F HICNR\ DISS'I‘ON & SUNS The total cost of this representative booth \‘as over $25,000. In the, exhibit the Disston people have evolved mark of the, company, are mounted on a revolving turret twenty feet in diameter. Mounted above the keystones is a revolving, illuminated, leaded glass globe . *ven feet in diameter suggesting the \\‘()I‘lll as the Disston market. Saws of every deseription are shown, lrom the smallest to the largest in use, and a eentral position ' is ﬁlled by a circular saw such as whizzes musically through monster logs at the mills. In the center of three of the keystones are to be found revolving discs ‘ . .‘ty inehes or more in diameter on which 'arious saws and tools are symmetri 'ally ar‘auged. 011 faces of other keystones will be found hand and powt -driven ‘ saws for eutting wood, metal, ivory, bone, tlber, leather, and other compositions. 'l‘hey ‘ange in size as Widely as in pattern and use, emln'aeing haek and narrow metal—eulting band saws. Premier armor plate-cutting saws, 'arious pattern metal cutting saws, all kinds of wood-cutting saws, from the long eros. eut used in felling the, monarchs of the forest to the band and circular saws that are, used to reduce logs to lumber and shingles. 95 a novel scheme. l’our large keystones, the trade- ) 3—1.» . .‘m .:-.<. m1“ 1 5-1» Tym'emm minimum " .. ‘~T—nmu3vv‘* tr». .7,,,_ ’rr‘ 'l‘lll‘) RH'I‘t'NDA 'l‘ti 'l‘llli l’AlAt‘lC ()F I’lNlC ARTS. llJlWllNA'l‘lCl) This noble structure in the tlnml nt‘ silver nuliunee which bathes it at night is imleseribably beautiful. livery detail at" eulumn. areh. and seulptul'al enr ment is brought nut \nitlly by the emu-exiled lights. and all are mirrored in the still. shining water of the lagoun. 'l‘he npen eulunmules that form a semi— :Il'tillllti the 'ntunilu utl‘nrd a prnmenmle nm than half a mile in length. \\ith tli ‘tar y " ‘ above. The eulleetiun ol‘ seulptures in thi ‘elt‘ ,., (if vines, ﬂmu ‘ and armnatie shrubs seem tn take (Ill :1 quality nl' intimaey of belunging in our lIle. contributing tn its peace and beauty. It is not 11‘1)l‘lsill;.‘; that the public slmllld elanmr for the preservatinn of this must b tut ul of all the lixpnsitiun palae s. As the strueture is 01' 'teel am] ennerete, it may be made :1 permanent art gallery in respunse tn the popular demand. It is to dream this may be so under the iniluenee «if the night. \yitehel‘y. 112 u. iillll'” llllt‘ l‘lCLlCl’HUNlNG {\(‘RUSS 'l‘HIC CUNllNliN l‘ A SHORT Sl‘()R\ ()F A (lRE 1. ’l‘elephoning from the Exposition to Boston. 2. 'l‘elephoning from New York to San Frant . On March 10, 18 apartment at 5 lixeter I’laee. BL .tom when Alexander Graham Bell, the inventor. sent the first me ge over a wire to an a ate, ’l‘homas \. \\'atson, at a receiver in an adjacent room. On Monday January - 1915. sitting in the otliees of the merican Telephone and Telegraph (:(HIIINIIL in New York with M 'or John Pur— ' Mitchell and other d'stinguishul men, he ‘ ' ith thi‘ same Thomas A. \Vatson in San l’ram , er a wire stret hing 3100 miles aero the eontinent. Bell’s me ge finel upplements the first eleetlle . from Queen Victoria ovei the Atlant cable. “Peace on earth, good will to mel .” The In . ‘ tra smitted over this transcontinental line: “All honor to these men who have rendered this great achlevement p( ‘slhle. They have In ght all the people 0 the United States within sound of one anothex voices, and united them in one great brotherhood.” A significant ineldent of Governor Daud I. Walsh‘s visit to the. Imposition was in telephoning from the. Exposition grounds across the continent to Boston, a distance of 3500 miles, in the ﬁfteenth of a second. 113 " ACH llCVEM lil\' 'l‘ , the telephone was lmrn in a little attic ‘m’ 'um-r; m.....-.,s= 4..— . M'm‘mr awn—‘W‘ua. t gggulpjl MEMORABLE DAYS AT THE liXPOSl'l‘lUN 1. Vice President Marshall Day. Through the international complications occasioned by the great war in Europe President \Vilson was unable, to attend in person the dedication of the Exposition. Vice President Marshall, acting as his substitute, and the next in oflicial rank as a representative of the American people, splendidly and most fittingly ollieiated in his chief’s stead on Dedication Day. 2. \Villialn Jennings Bryan Day. On the 1th of July \Villianl Jeninngs Bryan, “the Great (Ionnnoner." was selected as orator of the day, and the attendance at the Exposition within the turn of that dial reached nearly 20 Day. On Liberty Bell Day it appeared particularly appropriate that the Hon. (Ihainp (llark, Speaker of the National House of Re orator of the occasion. His distinguished presence made this another of the memorable (lays on the Exposition calendar. 114 0,000 people. 3. Champ Clark prescntatives, should he the MEMORABLE DAYS A'l‘ 'l‘l'llC EXPUSI'I‘IUN v)..-‘ . l,” .. ".w v.0 , .«)v l -‘.". '. ’ ‘ ‘ ‘ " ‘ l. \—l 1(sl(l(nt Ihmsutll Dd}. lln (x-I’H‘Mdf 11t)\\a.s lllt(1}3(‘l_\ (nthusmstu In his mldl‘os‘-s m DI‘RIISO 01 tho luxposltlon. I'lls (luv was as spontaneous suc— cysslul, and ‘cluh'zu‘tyl'lslut as It “1‘“ couldﬂln'. 2. lax—I‘l'osnlont lalt Day. Illegdorv Roosevelt’s successor to the presidency, \\'illi;lm “(ﬁvurd Taft. was 110 10s; “m— cmus and .vllogllvo “l hls trllultos {Q thv (AU 01 :m Francisco and thv luxposlhon. 2}. General (‘xoothuls Day. By his presence on tlll‘ platform and (lifﬁlilivtlhlﬁh— 3“" lllg‘l"lt‘“'lrlnl'_g 1‘} ““101." 1'<‘\"' ' | v , .' ‘ ’ - ‘ ‘ 'l\llﬂlll\)l\l"‘st‘ -‘|"'f’4"*'ft’:"tf‘"“" ‘ ’ ‘Hﬂlﬂhlinn" . t t v i t. . .t ,, . -cu... _'---—_‘_,_,_ﬂ ,,V‘t MILITARY EVENTS AT THE EXPOSITION—THE CALIFORNIA (IRAYS, THE RICHMOND BLUES, ANI) 'l'I-IIC FIRST INFANTRY NATIONAL GUARD OF ILLINOIS The illustrations show some of the prominent military organizations, a large number of which have, participated in the life of the Exposition. In the ﬁrst pan- orama, the California Grays, as they lined up in front of the Tower of Jewels on May 8th, their own day, can be seen in their white and gray uniforms so admired and beloved by Californians. The second shows the famous Virginia Blues as they appeared taking part in the Virginia Day exercises on July 8th in front of the Virginia State Building. This regiment is one of the oldest organizations of its kind on the continent, having been organized in 1789. They escorted Governor Henry Carter Stuart, who came to preside at the Virginia dedication day exercises. The lower picture shows the First Infantry Regiment of the National Guard of Illi- nois on the Marina. They came 600 strong with Governor Dunne and party to participate in celebration of Illinois Day on July 24. 121 1 - .1 WA” . t v .. .w." —v-— .,~—..—._....—,_.__ ....‘.._. "-._......._...,. M.W mm_m‘ ..—_aV I -:‘.”.m\l “ 1H 9 r NAVAL SCENES AT THE EXPOSI'I‘IUN—UN[TED STATES NAVAL ACADEMY DAY AND GROUP ON BOARD THE BATTLESHIP OREGON The rcvicw shown in thc ﬁrst picturc took place on thc Marina, closc to the yacht harbor. Admiral Pond of thc Paciﬁc squadron is the ccntral ﬁgurc in the rcvicwing stand. Ninc or tcn warships and naval training ships \\'crc in harbor for the occasion. The second picturc shows oﬂiccrs and sailors on board the Orcg‘on. As many as could lm rcasscmlﬂcd of thc mcn who manncd hcr \vhcn she sct out on her famous trip around Cape Horn during the Spanish—American \Var in 1898 brought hcr hack to San Francisco for this cclchralion. The old hattlcship, at anchor in the roadstcad opposite the Exposition grounds throughout the cntirc Expo- sition pcriod. has hccu opcn to visitors at all hours of the day. 122 THE BLUE JACKETS IN TRAINING AT SAN FRANCISCO These boys in white and blue have done valiant service at public receptions, military and naval displays at the great Exposition. 'l'heir headtmarters at the United States Naval Training School on the Bay, at Yerlm Buena Island, is one of the four great naval training schools of the L‘nitetl States. 1. Representing the Band. 2. Color Guard. 3. A Company Squart- Formation. 4. The, Training Station at the Island. 5. Sham Battle. with a 3—inch ﬁeld piece in action. (5. A Company on the Charge. The engravings are rem‘otluetions of photographs made by F. M. Metzger for the United States Government Exhibit in Maehinery Hall. 123 DAILY NEWSPAPER SPECIAL DAYS liarh of three San Francisco daily newspapers entered with zest into the spirit of this class of celebration and arranged special day exercises, record crowds signifying their approval on each occasion. The, plan for making the Exposition popular with the children received great impetus from Examiner Day, May Ist. Each child was presented with an American ﬂag as he entered the gate, a symbol of freedom, which admitted them to all concessions and making them honored guests wherever they chose to go. The exercises at the band concourse shown in the upper picture included costume dancing and other exercises devised for their amusement. Following this good fashion the Call-Post Day was celebrated on August 11 with a program that began at early mom and included boat racing and aeroplane ﬂights by Art Smith. The second picture shows a small detachment of the crowd which assembled in the Court of Abundance for the completion of the program of exe ises for that day. Happyland Day, June 19, was me lSulletln‘s festival for the children, who furnished most 01' the features on the program of entertainment. The third picture shows some of the dancers in front of the organ tower in the Court of Abundance, and the stage setting seen in the center of the court indicates the form of entertainnunt which followed. 124 ~ \ l a" r “ h r . . b ‘ ‘ AI. : .. ‘ . ~ . . _‘ , . I“, I D" ‘.‘.i.’."“ , » ' .. V . - r . . . i ' o: l- L i M' .. ,. ‘~A\L‘|I‘.,m_iﬂ. ”-50?" iii‘ in A" FRATERNAL ORDERS AT THE EXPOSITION Throughout the Exposition period friendly rivalry has prevailed among fraternities as to which should bring to the Exposition the largest number and arouse the greatest enthusiasm. and usually the aid of the otlieial photographer‘s camera has been invoked. "he ﬁrst panorama above shows the ever picturesque Shriners in line on the Avenue of Progress. Their day, July 19th, was one of the great days of the Exposition. The picture in the center recalls one of the most beautiful of the Exposition l'estivitiesiiFratel'nal Brotherhood Day, July 2-Hh—ihc diversity in beautiful uniforms worn by the dill‘erent delegations making a kaleidoscope of color in the South Gardens where they assembled. One of the first of the very large gatherings was that ol' the Knights of Pythias and the Pythian Sisters for Knights of Pythias Day on May 19, the closing day 01' a convention lasting a week, with daily and evening sessions at the Pythian Castle. 125 x m » ihlil‘iiiih 4, i «an» a... a. ’2» on 7“!“ '4'.“ “95"" Ma! :3. FRA'l‘ICRNAL ORDERS AT THE EXPOSITIUN The ﬁrst picture shows the great gathering of Odd Fellows and Rebekahs in the Court of the Universe 011 May 13, which was Odd Fellows’ Day. The thousands in attendance crowded the esplanade in front of the band stand in the court, which served as a speakers’ stand. Odd Fellows from all over the country were pres— cut. The second group was taken on lilks’ Day, July 20, when many thousands of Elks lined up on the Marina, following their arrival by steame‘ and train from all parts of the country. The celebration \\ as a carnival of fun and good fellowship. In the third View the Knights of Columbus are pictured as they rallied for celebration of their day at the Exposition. It was one of a number of occasions when their enthusiastic interest in Exposition eelebrations was manifested. 126 t x QM. 'l‘HlC AVIA'I‘ORS Aviation has been a popular feature at the Exposition from its beginning. liven in pre-Fxposition times enormous crowds gathered to watch Lincoln Beachey, who among other l'eats made an indoor ﬂight through the ’alace of Machinery on New Year s Day, 1911. In the central picture he is seen circling above the (Zol- umn of I’rogres . The picture at the right of the same shows Beachey starting in the Taube machine on the (light which cost his life on March lith. The ﬁrst pic- ture, shows Silwo l’ettirossi, who gained great pcpularily by many spectacular ﬂights in his monoplane. Art Smith in his biplane setting out across the Marina for his daily ascension. with the never-failing crowd in attendance, is seen in the picture below at the left. (iharlcs Niles, ready to take ﬂight in his monoplane, is pictured to the. right in the lower row. His control of the machine is seemingly perfect and his contributions to the pleasure of Exposition Visitors are greatly appreciated. i ENERGENBV HOSPITAL mu nun: Minna-1:51:35 nu- _ l‘le’USlTlUN FICA'I'L'RES—THE HOSPITAL ('URl’S. THlC MINE RESCUE CORPS, THE BATTERY ()F SICARCHLIGHTS The ﬁrst picture shows the stall“ of the Exposition Emergency Hospital posed within the colonnades of the Palace of Fine Arts. The hospital and its equip- ment, which includes every up—to-dale device for relief of sull'ering, is a working exhibit. twenty—nine firms and individuals having availed themselves of the opportunity for denumstration. The second view, the United States Government participation includes a mine rescue drill daily at 2 o’clock. Following an explosion in the mode] mine the rescue corps, appropriately accoutred with devices for their own protection, bring out the unconscious victim of the explosion, resuscitate him, and apply first aid. The educational value, of this practical demonstration can not be over—estimated. The third illustration shows the battery of searchlights on the outer arm of the yacht harbor. a most important factor in the lighting of the Exposition). \Vhen color screens are used in the scintillator drill given several times each week the lights are manned by marines from the United States Marine (Zainp maintained within the grounds. 128 METHODS OF TRANSPORTATION ABOUT THE GROUNDS Intramural travel by reason of the novel methods employed has been one of the pleasures enjoyed at the Exposition, for to rest while sightseeing met with instant favor. The Fadgl auto trains have been constantly in operation with about twenty trains that circle the exhibit palaces and connect the live stock area on the extreme west with The Zone at the east end of the grounds, approximately three miles. Other lilies are run through The Zone and along Administration Ave— nue to the Inside Inn. The Overfair Railway, which runs from the southeast corner of the Palace of Machinery around past the ferry slip and along the Marina to the race track is a miniature of the latest broad gauge standard equipment. The little locomotives are perfect models. The coaches, their trucks, the air brakes, headlights, signals, and semaphores are all of the latest approved pattern. In appearance it is a toy contrivance; in reality one of the big things of the Exposition, of invaluable aid in handling the race track crowds, besides being ever popular as a recreation device. 129 W AN ICXI’USl'l‘iUN A [TDIICUCIC The scene represents a great eoneourse of people gathered upon the plaza in the South Gardens. It indi 'ates the loyal spirit of the people of California towards the Exposition. “'hieh is exhihited upon all important occasions. The main entrance is seen beyond the Fountain of Energy Beyond the entrance lies a residen- tial seetlon ot‘ the ('11)‘ and upon the streets whieh aseend the hills are mam ol the most heautil‘ul homes of the eitizens, with parks and playgrounds intervenln". 'I‘he gr feet wide. and are “atered h_\' a lime] irrigation s .lt south hedge int‘losinp, the Exposition grounds and the main entrauee are elothed with a mass of ﬂowery moss. ’l‘he hedges are twenty feet high. eight 'teni. 130 v, III I III | Illl’. til lllluuuul’ ":1: , am hi I “H “H _ I“, iii: ,t!‘ it? w " zzmm THE EXPOSITION AUDITORI UM This most costly ol' the Exposition structures, built for permanence on a choice site in the Civic (Ienter of San Francisco, occupies an entire block between Hayes and Grove, Larkin and Polk streets Its architecture is of classic simplicity, and the building material is steel and concrete, with granite l'acings. Its cost to the Exposition was upwards of a million and a quarter of dollars. The main audience room has seating capacity for 8000 people. Surrounding the main hall are some fourteen smaller halls, equipped with sliding partitions so they may be, subdivided, or enlarged. at will. These are designed for council and committee or assembly rooms for the lesser conventions. In all more than 800 congresses and conventions were, scheduled by the Exposition Department of Congresses, and most of them held their sessions at the Auditorium, which has been the scene, also, of many splendid entertainim-nts, among the most noteworthy being the Eisteddfod, held in August; the Army and Navy Ball, and the Pageant of All Nations. The, great organ in Festival Hall will be, installed in the Auditorium after the Exposition closes, and it is expected that many 01' the murals, sculptures, and other Exposition treasures will ﬁnd a lasting home in this great building. 131 awwwm EXPOSITION GARDENS 1. In the South Gardens at the opening of the Exposition the space was a Spring freshet of yellow daffodils and tulips. Beneath them masses of pansies were coming into hloom, which reached perfection by the time, the Spring blossoms were fading. The pansies were followed by other seasonalﬂc ﬂowers, so that there has been no moment when the entire area has not been richly arrayed. 2. The gardens of the Horticultural Department occupy eight acres south of the Palace of I'Iortieulture, and about one-third of the space opposite the Inside Inn, is ﬁlled with the wonderful Netherlands horticultural exhibit. Yews and boxwood clipped to shape are set at intervals along the paths and in the plots, and the, displays of tulips, dahlias, rhododendrons, hull) begonias, and countless species of orna- mental shruhs have made these gardens, which were ar'anged under personal supervision of Aerie van Vleet, govermnent expert for the Netherlands, a dream of delight. .‘t. Bordering the Palace of Horticulture on the west and north an extension of the Netherlands gardens contains an arrangement of shrubbery and foliage plants alnd beds of rare blooms. 4. Another view of the South Gardens shows the urns of ﬂowers and vines set at intersection of paths and ornamental light standan s. 132 SERVICE BUILDINGS AT THE EXPOSITION 2. The Young Women’s Christian Association serves only bank inside the grounds. _ . 3. The enlisted men of the Army and Navy are well provided for in this attractive building, 1. A,branch of the Anglo-California Trust Company is the oﬂlcial and meals and has many forms of entertainments in their building. located near the Canadian Pavilion. 4. The Service Building, located at the left of the Fillmore Street entrance, contains the ofllces for many of the Exposition officials. 133 THE INSIDE INN The Inside Inn contains 1100 rooms and is centrally located. Near the Inn is the band concourse, where concerts are given afternoons and evenings. Beyond is the Palace of Fine Arts, the Presidio, Golden Gate, San Francisco Bay, and the Marin shore, with Mount Tamalpals seen ovenall 1n the far distance. The major portion of the Exposition is ranged on the east, the Tower of Jewels and the Palace of Horticulture being eonspleuous ohJects. In the immedlate fore— ground are the gardens of The Netherlands horticultural exhibit. 134 SOME OF THE GREAT RAILROAD EXHIBITS AT THE EXPOSITION 1. The Southern Paciﬁc shows by paintings and most beautiful landscape settings the magniﬁcent scenery of “The Road of a Thousand Wonders.” 2. The Grand Trunk System, and 3, the Canadian Paciﬁc, Show the wonderful scenery and characteristic features of country through which they pass. 4. The Great North- ern display is housed in this building making Glacier National Park an especial feature. 5. “The Globe,” the exhibit of the Western Paciﬁc, Denver and Rio Grande, Missouri Paciﬁc Iron Mountain lines is in the Palace of Transportation 135 § \\.\ THE CALIFORNIA BUILDING The California Building, of Mission architecture, is the largest structure, with the exception of exhibit palac ' . . some 700 feet on the Esplanade and 350 feet upon Administration Avenue to the bay shore, with an outlook toward the Marin hills of sui'pa‘slng beauty. Shaded patios, brick paved as were those of the early Missions, surround the Forbidden Garden in the center. es, on the Exposition grounds. It has a frontage of Back 01‘ this, with balconies bordering the bay, is that portion of the building known as the Host Section. This contains a spacious reception hall and ballroom, with connecting banquet rooms. On the second floor are executive oiliccs of the, \Voman’s Board, and above this rise the bell towers. The central part of the building has been administered effectively by the “'oman’s Board. The cast wing of the building is occupied by the display section, where the exhibits of fifty-eight counties of the Golden State are displayed. The west wing is occupied by executive ofﬁces. 136 MAIN TOWER, CALIFORNIA BUILDING The square Mission tower in the center of the California Host Building has a dome at >ach corner beneath which Mission bells swing, mute, as are those good builders of the long ago In honor of whom this beautiful palace was, in part, erected. Their part in this celebration which but for their devout pioneer lives could never have been, is a silent one, nevertheless seldom lost sight of, taking place in various ways such as the reproduction in the patio here of the Forbidden Garden of the Santa Barbara Mission, whlch dates from discovery days. The cypress hedge which surrounds the garden is as old as the City of San Francisco. It was a part of Harbor View Baths and Gardens which for generations was as much a part of the city’s life as is Golden Gate Park, but which was sacriﬁced for this celebration. 137 [,1 i I SOUTHERN " some“. rastnomu 5 PICTURES muting?!“- MUSIC aL‘SPl 5-un SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA EXHIBITS The View is of one of the many beautiful entrances to the Southern California display section in the California Building. Los ztligelcs, San Diego, Veiitura, ()raiige, San Beriiardino. Imperial, and Riverside Counties. building, is eiitirel surrounded by an artistic Mission style facade so representative of the Southland. This section includes the displays of The entire section, one of the largest and most magniﬁcent 01' the This style of architecture predominates throughout. There is a series of art‘ tically arranged kiosks and booths throughout the section and surrounding the central structure, which houses the Bureau of Information and a $35,000 seiiii-preeious gem display. California are fully depicted, saVoring of a modernized Garden of Eden. 138 . The Mission motion picture theater is finely equipped, as is the Southern California bungalow rest room. \Vithiii this facade may be, seen the Wide range of products which lend such wonderful color tone and render the section so pleasing to the visitor. The glories of Southern «Km-x ALAMEDA COUNTY, SAN MATEO, SANTA CRUZ, AND MON'I‘EREY Two of the many entrances to the Central Coast Counties section in the display wing of the California Building. Passing beneath the Alameda arch the visi- tor is face to face with the central feature of this county’s display—the diorama demonstrating the transportation facilities of the county. 0n the balcony in the background is seen the entrance to the offices and rest rooms of the Central Coast Counties. The highly ornate pavilion seen through the arch on the right is the central feature of San Mateo County, home of ﬂowers and beautiful residences. This county has chosen only the beautiful and the artistic to display at the Exposition. The pavilion is of rich Moorish architecture and houses a relief map of the county. Flowers, potted plants, and greenery adorn San )Iateo’s section. On the left of this section is the display of Montercy County, rich with historical relics of the early Californians as well as the agricultu'al and industrial prod— ucts of the county. To the right of the entrance is Santa Cruz County’s section featuring agriculture, horticulture, scenic resorts, and buildings. 139 'l‘ll(e)l,Ul\lNE AND SISKIYOU COUNTIES EXHIBITS 'l‘he \‘ll'\\' shows the entrance to the section in the California Building devoted to the displays of the diversified products of Tuolumne and Siskiyou Coun— ties. No other counties of the State excel in range of products, of mine, forest, or soil. Through the arch can be seen the electrically lighted plate glass showcases holding 'l‘uolumne‘s $30,000 collection of gold nuggets and specimens, Si ‘iyou County is displaying an equally fine collection of the yellow metal in her “gold room“ in the rear of the section. To the right are to be seen the products of Siskiyou County, including practically every horticultural and agricultural product known to a temperate mountain zone—.“Mountain liqueﬁed air” apples, mineral waters, fresh and processed fruit and vegetables, nuts, grains, cereals, ceramics, and Sllrlll)l)(‘l‘_\', a truly representative display. 140 VIRGINIA The Virginia State Building is a reproduction of George \Vashington’s home at Mt. Vernon. The Colonial furniture includes many pieces that belonged to or are associated with him loaned for this Celebration by a descendant, Mrs. Nannie Randolph Heth, who is hostess of the building. The display rooms contain a school exhihit. Photographs of scenes in the Old Dominion are a source of great interest to visitors, and the transparencies which picture the life of today include the great farm industries of the State. Among the many entertainments here the visit of the Virginia Blues in attendance with Governor Henry Carter Stuart and party on Virginia Day, July 8th, was most picturesque. The regiment was formed in 1789 and from that date to the present has been a feature in State ceremonies. 141 3412/00.». ““9.wa V THE MARYLAND STATE BUILDING Maryland’s building is a Colonial home, being a copy of Homewood, the residence of the only son of Charles Carroll of Carrollton, signer of the Declaration of Independence, which was built in 1802. The house still stands just outside of Baltimore, on Universit ' Parkway. The Johns Hopkins University now owns the tract and is erecting buildings thereon. This attractive State building contains many things of historic interest. The building also contains living rooms for the Maryland oilieial family, Miss Elizabeth 'l‘ilghnan Hensley being hostess ol‘ the building. The outlook is of gardens in every direction, and the site a choice one. Appreciation of the hoxnelike hospitality dispensed is evidenced by throngs of visitors. 142 max-5% mumm- r INTERIORS OF THE MARYLAND STATE BUILDING 1. The Colonial room in the Maryland State Building contains pictures of the settlement of the Colony, the picture over the mantelpiece being that of the landing of Leonard Calvert on March 25, 1634, who was a brother of Cecilins, Lord Baltimore, to whom Charles I granted the charter. 2. A View of the hall which contains pictures of prominent Marylanders during various periods. 3. The Colonial (lining room, the furniture being of Sheraton design, makes an inviting exhibit. 4. The Revolutionary and \Var of 1812 room contains most appropriate pictures of those periods, among them being Generals of Revolutionary fame. A picture of George Washington resigning his commission in the Continental Army, which he did in the Senate chamber of the State House at Annapolis; one of Francis Scott Key, the writer of the “Star-Spangled Banner,” and two of Fort McHem‘y showing the position of the original ﬂag pole from which the ﬂag was ﬂying when Key wrote the national anthem. 143 THE UTAH STATE BUILDING L‘tah was the ﬁrst State whose acceptance of the invitation to participate in the Exposition took deﬁnite form in a fund for building and exhibit, and her part from the ﬁrst to the close has been a conspicuous one, including the visit of Governor Spry and party, attended by 400 uniformed high school cadets, who took part in the exercises of Utah Day on July 24, to which the substantial building that occupies a most attractive site on one of the triangles at the junction of the Avenue of States with the Avenue of Nations, lends itself admirably. \Vithin the building a working model of a copper mine in operation on the ﬁrst ﬂoor, and of a coal mine on the second ﬂoor, have been of interest to many thousands of visitors. Painting and sculptures by Utah artists are to be found here. Olllces and reception rooms are on the ﬁrst ﬂoor, and a stairway leads to the mezzanine, where rest rooms, lounge, and smoking room are located. Daily lectures by \Vil— 11am A. Leatham, the Superintendent of Utah Building and Exhibits, contributed much to the popularity of this building. 144 UTAH EXHIBITS 1. The upper picture is that of Utah’s exhibit in the Palace of Mines and Metallurgy, the obelisk 40 feet in height being constructed of huge blocks from her coal mines. The United States Geological Survey estimates the coal lands of Utah to cover 15,000 square miles. 2. Utah’s attractive booth in the Palace of Horti- culture contains almost every known product of the soil, in the natural state, and processed. This exhibit “'01) two gold and one silver medal. 3. This exhibit in the Palace of Education won the medal of honor, which is the second highest award made by the Exposition. Eighty-six per cent of the State‘s general tax revenue is expended for educational purposes and the display of the product of manual training in the schools is of unusual interest. handicraft of inllnite variety of the most perfect design and construction being included. 145 d -... . a 9W . n.“ W-nMM/u”...~w ' mun“ lHlC NluV ADA S FA [‘13 BUILDING The Nevada State Building, located on the Marina, has been the center of attraction to thousands of Nevadans and their friends and former residents 01' the State throughout the Exposition period. Many formal and informal social functions have been held under the direction of Mrs. chett \V. Adams, otlicial hostess. seconded by Mrs. Luey A. Gates. An attractive display of domestic art, installed under direction of Mrs. \V. A. Massey, as well as a comprehensive collection of the work 01' students of the Nevada State University and pupils of the grade schools, have interested many Vi itors. Nevada’s building was designed by F. J. Deliongshamps, arehiteet. of Reno. and was erected by A. S. Gough of Goldﬁeld. As a part of the. State’s participation in this celebration, which has been active and enthusiastic at all times, the visit of the Governor and party for Nevada Day \'as one of the most interesting of the Exposition festivities. 146 NEVADA EXHIBITS 1n the upper picture is shown a. portion of the Nevada booth in the Palace of Agriculture. Many of the varied products of the State’s farms, ranches, and orchards were on display here, in most attractive arrangement. The exhibit, as was the mineral exhibit, was collected and installed under direction of the Uni- versity of Nevada, Dean S. C. Knight directing the work in agriculture and Professors Lincoln and Jones the work in mines and metallurgy. Dean J. G. Scrug- ham has had general supervision of collecting and installation. Lloyd B. Patrick and Leo Pinger have been in charge of the booth. The two views below are of Nevada’s mining exhibit. This was awarded the grand prize, the highest possible recognition by the International Jury and a lasting testimony to Nevada’s pre-eminence as a producer of economic minerals. 0n the walls are many scenes of the early days when the fabulous fortunes were founded here (lays of the Comstock Lode, Con and Virginia, and others, the fascination of which will last forever. The exhibit has been in charge of J. H. Price and J. E. Babcock. 147 .— a..._.__... Wm...» H...” _,._ c Q THE MONTANA STATE BUILDING The Montana State Building, located on the, Marina overlooking San Francisco Bay, conveys an impression of prosperity, peace, and plenty such as prevails in the home State. It was designed principally for ministering to the comfort and convenience of visitors from Montana and their friends. Commodious rest rooms, lounge, writing, and dressing rooms appropriately decorated and furnished ﬁll most of the space, but what might be termed a sample display of her many products has been installed, and the walls have been utilized for emphasizing her wealth by the use of pictures. The Montana farmer deserves great credit along with the soil and climate for making it possible to make, such a complete display as the State has in the main exhibit palaces. Frank A. Hazelbakcl‘ of Dillon is the Directing Commissioner. David Hilger of Lewistown is the Chairman of the Commission and F. S. Lusk of Missoula is Vice Chairman. 148 MHN'I‘ANA’S UNIQUE DISPLAYS AT 'I‘HIC CXI’OSI'I‘ION 1. In the Palace of Horticulture Montana apples are prominent in the State’s display, there being more. than a score of varieties represented. In the center of the display are intertwined American ﬂags formed with apples of three colors. There is also an attractive exhibit of processed fruits. 2, 3. It is in the Palace of Agriculture that the Montana exhihits have attracted the greatest attention Here are shown the cere ls. with Wheat. oats, and barley presented as leaders. I‘hc products are, shown in sheat' and threshed. Accompanying these exhibits of cereals are striking stati tics showing comparison with the other States of the 19“ yield 111 oats, wheat. and corn 1. Montana’s beautiful display in the Palate of Agriculture, which was awarded a grand prize for cereals, 9 medals of honor, 76 gold medals, and 199 bronze medals. 149 PENNSYLVANIA This building, fronting south on the Avenue of States, with an open loggia supported by columns with the State seal of Pennsylvania placed above the entrance, is Copied from Independence Hall in Philadelphia, and it is most appropriate that here the Old Liberty Bell should be installed. Throngs pass and repass it during all hours of the day when it is on exhibition, paying silent homage to the past and thrilling to a new spirit of the freedom for which the old bell stands. The low cost wing of the building contains an assembly hall and motion picture theater and reception rooms occupy the west wing. A steel vault especially built for the purpose safeguards the bell at night. The ceremonies here on Pennsylvania Day, September 3, gained added impressiveness from this mute reminder. 150 THE LIBER'I‘X BELL American ode to freedom, r arched San Francisco on July 17th, 1915, after a triumphal tour across the continent, and was received and installed with approp ate ceremonies, one of the largest and perhaps the most heartily enthusiastic crowds of the entire Exposition period being assembled for its reception. Admissions on that day numbered 113,682. livery day since it was ﬁrst placed on exhibition in the open rotunda of the Pennsylvania Building a constant stream of v' itors ﬂows past it, tributes ol' [lowers being paid frequently. "he old cracked bell seems to wake in every American an echo of the spirit which prevailed then of “ring out the false, ring in the true.” The Daughters of the American Revolution are a guard of honor. They keep a wrath of immortelles and of fresh ﬂowers combined crowning the bell at all times. This relic, that rang out the firs THE LIBERTY BELL The Liberty Bell was cast in London and brought to Philadelphia in August, 1752, and in September was cracked on its first ringing. Two “ingenious work- men" of the city made a recast of the bell and in '1753 it was rehung in the tower of Independence Hall, where a portion of its duties was to call public meetings and convene the Provincial Assembly. July 4, 1776, the Declaration of Independence was formally ratiﬁed, and on the 8th the Liberty Bell announced to the world the birth of a new nation. In 1777, to keep it out of the hands of the invading British, it was removed to Allentown, returned after the evacuation, and from that day to the present has rung out its patriotic notes on great and memorable occasions. To satisfy the ardent cravings of other sections of the country for a sight of this sacred tocsin of liberty, pilgrimages have been made North, South, East, and to the Middle \Vest, this, to San Francisco, being the longest of all. 152 g2!“ ".53“. . . ii? :22:- MURALS IN THE PENNSYLVANIA BUILDING The mural paintings in the Pennsylvania Building at the cast and west ends of the Ioggia, are the work of one of her well beloved sons, Edward Trumbull, well known as an artist of the ﬁrst rank. 011 the left the treaty with the Indians, made by \Villiain Penn, which was never broken, is pictured in a colorful com— position. The famous old elm under which this historic treaty was concluded is still standing in Penn Tr aty Park, in the northeast section of Philadelphia. The panel on the right shows in allegory the gran iron and steel industry of Pcnnsyl 'ania. Giant ﬁgures suggesting a triumphant struggle are shown against the glow of the furnace. 153 v .m “M Journeys": MISSOURI The Missouri State Building occupies one 01' the choice locations on the Exposition grounds, with an outlook across the bay that includes a constant ﬂight of lmth ships and seagulls, with misty hills and islands framing the picture. irraced lawns surround the building, of Colonial architecture, its roof supported by four mammoth columns two stories in height. The main feature of the interior is the great meeting hall which has been the social center for Missourians and the scene of many charming entertainments. The hall is beautifully furnished, with soft grey walls and hardwood ﬂoor. A glazed ﬁreplace, white enamel ﬁnish, and a unique lighting system contribute to the attractiveness of the main hall. The seal of the state is set above the main entrance. The architectural plans were furnished by H. H. Hohenschield of St. Louis, and the construction was by the McCarthy Construction Company. The lighting ﬁxtures and furnishings were from St. Louis ﬁrms. The commissioners are John L. McMatt of Aurora, \V. 1). Smith of Princeton, Norman M. Vaughan of St. Louis, J. A. Cunningham of Caruthers- ville, and \V. A. Dallmeyer of Jeﬂ‘erson City. 154 WSSoumj MISSOURI EXHIBITS 1. This great room in the Missouri Building is in the, form of a court, with ceiling 30 feet high. A gallery surrounds it, from which open several suites for use of distinguished delegations and visitors from the State. A famous fox—trot ﬂoor has been provided which adds greatly to the popularity of the building. 2. Mis- souri’s display in the Palace of Horticulture shows the products of that State from vineyards, gardens, and orchards. The famous big red apple of the Ozark Mountains, entered in the contests for the prizes, is specially featured. 3. Missouri’s agricultural exhibit shown in this picture is made picturesque and attrac- tive by an artistic design worked out in red, yellow, and white corn. Fifty-six medals have been awarded to exhibitors from Missouri in this department. 4. This shows Missouri’s display in the Palace of Mines and Metallurgy, with ﬁne specimens of zinc, lead, and coal attractively and comprehensively displayed. The, actual operation of a zinc concentrating plant is a feature of unfailing interest to visitors. Exhibitors in this department were awarded sixty-live medals. 155 ‘V ~.———-—~4 . with”!!! News 919.436 m*3g%%§am'mw THE NEW YORK S'l‘A'l'E BUILDING The New York State Building occupies a plot 350 by 200 feet facing upon the, Esplanade, next the California Building, and is three stories in height. There is an imposing main entrance called the Marina at the center 01' the building upon the Esplanade and entrances also from two adjoining thoroughfares. Above the main entrance is the coat of arms 01‘ the State of New York emblazoned in heavy relief. N0 exhibits are displayed in the New York State Building, although the New York State Commission maintains in the, exhibit palaces fourteen exhibits showing the, activities of various branches 01' the New York State government. 156 NEW YORK STATE DEPARTMEVTAT. EXHIBITS Above are four of the booths showing activities of New York State Departments. The Iirst shows the lecture and motion picture booth in the Palace of Edu- cation and Social Economy. [11 this booth are displayed motion pictures of scenes in every city and county in the State as well as of the social service work being done by the various departments of the State government. No. 2 shows the exhibit 01' the State Hospital Commission which has direction over the, various hospitals for the, insane. The, third shows the exhibit of the State Commission for the Blind and contains examples of handiwork done by the inmates ol‘ insti- tutions for the blind. The fourth shows the, exhibit of the New York State Department of Education. This includes a relief map of the State 27 by 36 feet con- taining 15,000 electric lights, each light representing an elementary school, high school, college, or university. 157 NE\V YORK STATE DEPARTMENTAL EXHIBITS Above are illustrations of the exhibits made by the Social Service Departments of the New York State Government. N0. 1 contains several models of plants over which the State Department of Health has jurisdiction. The Health Department exhibit also shows the rate of mortality at various ages in the State of New York. No. 2 is an exhibit of the New York State Quarantine Station through which nearly 1,000,000 foreigners are admitted to the United States annually. No. 3 shows the exhibit of the State Department of Labor and the New York State Industrial Commission. These departments have to do With wage-earners. No. 4 showsi tthe eﬁhibit of the New York State Department of Prisons. 111 this exhibit, which contains statistics of various kinds, 8 ﬁnger print identiﬁcation bureau is ma n ame . 158 Murrow, -- - NEW YORK STATE BIG CHEESE WEIGHT /I .000 L83 MIMWDIOSooO " " LARGEST CH E ESE 11'; 111' JIM/e NEW YORK STATE DEPARTMENTAL EXHIBITS On this page are illustrations of exhibits made by the, Panama—Pacific International Exposition Commission of New York State, showing the resources of New York in various lines. No. 1 shows the booth in which New York State fruits are exhibited in the ’alacc of Horticulture. No. 2 shows a corner of the New York State agriculture exhibit. in which one cheese weighing in excess of ﬁve tons, made on a New York State dairy farm, was displayed. This cheese vas man- ufactured under the direction of the State Department of Agriculture. No. 3 shows a portion of the New York State Barge Canal, which is owned and ope ‘ated as a public institution. The canal with branches exceeds 800 miles in length, and has cost in excess of $150,000,000. No. 4 shows the exhibit of the mineral resources of the State of New York, including a miniature spring surrounding which there is a display of the State-owned Saratoga Springs Reservation. 159 ' “my; WASHINGTON The \Vashington State Building is one of the most attractive of the State edifices. It is situated at the west end of the Avenue of Nations, with an outlook to the south across the circle where the Avenues of States and Nations meet. To the north is a magnificent view of the hay and its encircling hills. It 13 of the Italian Renais ance style of architecture amt the home State atmosphere of peace and plenty is maintained in the quiet rich decoration within and without the building. A motion picture th later fills the lower ﬂoor at the, western end of the great main entrance hall. Stairways at either end lead up to the galleried second story, where lounge and rest rooms are maintained. Special days, such as Salmon Day, \\'enatehe,e Apple Day, berry (lays, cherry days, pie day, and the like have made the building the scene of constant festivity. The members of the Commission appointed by Governor Ernest Lister are Hon. John Schram, Chairmanngon. l"ank Hale, Ilon. Huher Rasher, Mrs. \Y. A. Holzheimer, and Mrs. H. \V. Allen. The Executive Commissioner having direct charge is Hon. Charles G. Helfner. 160 \VASI'IING'I‘ON ICXI'IIBI'I‘S Unlike many 01' the States participating, \Vashington has made use of its State building to display some of the resources of the State. exhibits of the State were placed in the exhibit palaces, a number of feature exhibits placed in the, State to sightscers. \Vashington apples pouring out of a huge cornucopia occupy the space in the center of the building. In the east end will be found artistically arranged exhibits of the agricultural, horticultural, and dairying resources of the State. In addition to these an exhibit of \\'ashin;£ton’s ﬁnished lumber. displayed in an \Vliile the principal building make it decidtdly attractive and interesting artistic V'ay, is a revelation to many visitors. To supplement exhibits in the, palaces a motion picture, theater exhibited films of the State‘s mighty industru ' ﬁshing, ‘anniug, logging, farming, and commerce rher scenic beauties, her orchards, and her homes. All pictures here are taken in the building. 1. Slairw leading to the galleries. 2. A View looking from the galleries to the, ﬁrst ﬂoor displays. 3. An arrangement showing various products and how they are dis— tributed. 4. An illustration of the dairy business of the State. 161 NiASSAt‘llLJSlul is s l‘A I‘ll BUILDING The Massachusetts Building. occupying one oi" the most commanding locations at the 'position, is a reproduction of the famous old Bulliinch front of the State Hous* at Boston. The building is distinctly a home building, with the exception of a large. motion picture theater on the ground ﬂoor. where views of the history and scenery, the commercial and industrial activities, and the social life and work of the Commonwealth are shown. The long, imposing front steps fol- lowing the, lines of the terraeing of the lawns, lead directly into a reproduction of the famous Doric Hall of the original State, House. On one side of this hall is a well cquippedand comfortably furnished library amt on the other side a reception or blue room. 0n the second ﬂoor is the Governor’s suite, the tea room, and a ladies’ parlor, sometimes called the antique or rose room, leading from which is a ladies’ retiring room. One of the most popular features of the house is the lunch and tea room. From the front balcony on the second ﬂoor a most wonderful view of the Exposition -an be had. This balcony is a natural extension of the tea room. 162 MASSACHUSETTS AT THE EXPOSITION 1. The Massachusetts booth, in the Palace of Education, which is a g‘and prize winner. is one of the largest and most striking in that building. 011 the ﬁrst ﬂoor are shown exhibits of the vocational and textile schools of the State, together with pictures of many of the leading types of public schools, technical and preparatory schools, and colleges and unh ersities. No. 2 is the motion picture theater, where the work 01‘ many of the State’s humane institutions is exemplified and the methods of shoe making are revealed through a remarkable set of ﬁlms owned by the United Shoe Machinery Company, which have been loaned, as has its great collection of ancient and modern footwear, to the Board of Managers for Massachusetts. No. 3 is a part of the exhibit of the Perkins Institution and the Commission of the Blind of the State of Massachusetts, which has elicited great praise from teachers of the blind. Other features of the. social welfare exhibit demonstrate the work of the Departments of Health, Insanity, Charity, Statistics, Arbitration, Parks and Training Schools for Boys and Girls, and Schools for Crip- pled Children. No. 4 is a section of the educational exhibit. 163 INDIANA \VISCONSIN 1. The Indiana Building occupies a triangular site at the junction of the, Avenue of Nations with the Avenue of States directly east of the Massachusetts Building. All construction materials were brought from the home State, as were the, furnishings throughout the building, the Commissioners being convinced that these as a display of the State’s resources would be impressive. The rest, recreation, and entertainment rooms include a large library filled with works of Indiana authors. Governor ltalston and party attended the Indiana Day ceremonies here on June 26 and the register contains a long list of visitors from that State. 2. Wisconsin’s site adjoins that of New Jersey on the Avenue of States. The building is designed for entertainment of visitors from \Visconsin and their friends. There are rest and reading rooms, lounges, and parlors, with ofﬁces for the Resident Connnistioner and Ofﬁcial Hostess and a great living hall open to the public. A motion picture theater shows ﬁlms of \Visconsin’s industries and the product of her farms, forges, and forests. 164 .-_.. .cv 4 a "ﬂan,“ u TEXAS, MISSISSIPPI, KANSAS, NORTH DAKOTA, AND ARKANSAS—OKLAHOMA 1. The Lone, Star State’s building, reminiscent of the Alamo, contains displays of the products of the State, with commodious reception and entertainment rooms that have been the scene of almost continuous festivities, formal and informal. 2. The Mississippi Building is of the residential type with large semi— circular portico supported by columns. A central reception lobby, with a motion picture room and a room containing displays of the State’s products occupy the first ﬂoor, with reception and rest rooms on the second floor. 3. Kansas, a Colonial structure, is designed for hospitality purposes, with writing, reading. and rest rooms for the use of guests. Executive ()llices occupy the second ﬂoor. 4. North Dakota’s Building, 011 a triangular site close to the Marina, is conspicuously attrac— tive for the living cypr columns spaced along its outer walls. G ‘ains and grasses form a principal feature of the displz vs, a lighthouse of corn being set in the rotunda. 5. The picture in the center is the Arkansas-Oklahoma Building, constructed and maintained jointly by these States. 165 it": 1" _' “'g i ., .l I §‘ ‘ l ,5: PAN ORAMIC VIEW OF MAIN EXHIBIT PALACES OF THE PANAMA—PA JACES OF THE PANAMA—PACIFIC IN ERNATIONAL EXPOSITION ._.- n. 3 . ...- ".5. . ”.5 ,h...q., “.1. ”4...... _. \VEST VIRGINIA The \Vest Virginia Building, on the extreme west 01‘ the Marina over ‘ . . lar in the South. A commodious reception hall with an old style open ﬁreplace, rest rooms, motion picture room, ollices, and accessories occupy the first ﬂoor. Mezzanines looking the Golden Gate, is fashioned after the old Colonial architecture once so popu— and sleeping apartments are on the second ﬂoor. The furnishings are dark brown German reed, harmonizing with the green velvet .(trugget and olive hangings. A well kept lawn with quantities of ﬂowers and shrubs surround the building, which has been conspicuous for the Southern hospitality which has prevailed here attracting thousands of \"sitors from the opening to the close of the Exposition. The architect is H. Bus \K‘arne of ‘Charleston; the contractors Messrs. Caldwell & Son of San 1: ‘ancisco, liut formerly of \Vest Virginia. The Commissioners are: Colonel Fred Paul Grosscup, (.liairman, Charleston; Hon. G. 0. Nagle. Secretary. \\'heeling; Hon. William F. Hite, Huntington; Hon. John T. MeGraw, Grafton, and Hon. Milton 1’. liowther, l’arkersburg. Hon. G. A. Holden, Resident Secretary, secured the 25,000 feet of ﬁlm taken in forty-eight of the, fifty-five counties 01' \\'est Virginia, showing. her industries and home scenes. i\[rs.lli(lward B. Kenna of Charleston has been the Social Secretary, and Mrs. Charles S. \Villiainson, Mrs. Cyrus \V. Hall, and Miss Belle Stewart hostesses 0f the iuil( ing. 7.," ”my, WT-..“ . THE OHIO BUILDIN } This building which fronts the Avenue of States, with the Canadian Pavilion for its neighbor across the way, is a reproduction of the State, House at Columbus. Executive ottiees and entertainment rooms occupy the first ﬂoor. Here the entertaimnents for the most part as informal as those of a home—coming week, recitals, receptions, teas, and like aﬂ‘airsgform a continuous program, with occasional formal functions where the dignity of the State takes form in faultless ceremonies. The claim of Ohio that she is Mother of Presidents is emphasized by portrait busts of Grant, Hayes, Garfield, McKinley, and Taft placed in niches of the, reception hall. On the 1100‘ above a suite, of rooms is reserved for the Governor and his family. The building throughout is designed for dispensing hospitality, but ﬁttings and furnishings invite attention in an unobtrusive way to the substantial and artistic products of the home State. 169 'I‘HE ILLINOIS STATE BUILDING The, Illinois State Building, which is of the Italian Renaissance type, is rectangular in shape, 189 by 90 feet. to a memorial of Lincoln, a large reception room, and two rest rooms. The second ﬂoor, which is reached by four ﬂights of wide and imposing stairways, has . With an open court within, and occupies 1| ground area of The first ﬂoor comprises two entrance foyers, a motion picture theater, an information bureau and postoiﬁce, a publiclt)’ rooni. il rooin devoted a large recital hall in which a great pipe organ is installed on the west side of the building, with like space on the east side occupied by a bull I‘OUIIL A rest room for women, a sniokingroom, and two smaller lounging rooms are also on this ﬂoor. Organ recitals are given each \Vednesday and Sunday afternoon. 'lhe third ﬂoor is given over to administration otIices, a suite of rooms for the Governor of Illinois, and rooms for Commissioners when the}. are in residence there. The building was designed by James B. Dibelka, State Architect of Illinois, and cost approximately $123,000. 170 ILLINOIS EXHIBITS 1. The Lincoln Memorial Room in the Illinois State Building forms a pictorial and manuscript history of the life of Lincoln. The collection of Lineolniana here shown is by far the largest ever displayed and has a value that is priceless. 2. Illinois educational exhibit, Palace of Education, is shown, the most prominent feature being a group of models of the grounds and buildings of various educational institutions of the State, such as the University of Illinois, the University of Chi- cago, Northwestern University, and Monticello Seminary. The Chicago public schools have a special exhibit. 3. The Illinois mining exhibit in the Palace of Mines and Metallurgy. As the Slate of Illinois ranks third in the production of coal in the United States and third in petroleum products, these form the main exhibit. although there are also displays of asphalt, lead, lime, pyrite, zinc, ﬂuorspar. and tripoli. 4. The Illinois agricultural exhibit in the Palace of Agriculture; corn is the feature of this display, naturally, as it is King in Illinois. The center of att‘action is a py'alnid of show corn contributed by the Illinois (Zorn Growers’ Association. Products from corn, including everything from oil to a substitute for rubber, are shown, too, while the University of Illinois has an educational display pronounced one of the most scientific exhibits at the Exposition. 171 ‘ l: 1’ THE NE\\' JERSEY S'l‘A'l‘E BUILDING The New Jersey Building was modeled after the Barracks erected in Trenton, N. J., in 1758 to house the troops which took part in the French and Indian wars. The original building is still standing and is a Mecca for the Daughters of the American Revolution and other patriotic societies. It occupies a prominent place in the annals of the war for independence. as does its representation, the New Jersey Building, in the, history of the, I’anama—l’zu‘itic International Exposi- tion. The building is noted for its beauty and simplicity and its air of homelikeness and hearty hospitality. It has tilled an important place in the Exposition by supplying a comfortable meeting and resting place for the hundreds of thousands of tired Visitors. It was built and furnished at a cost of less than $50,000, yet has been more noted and popular than some others which cost much greater outlays. 172 are SOME OF THIS ROOMS IN THE NEIV JERSEX BUILDING 1. View in drawing room of a suite of six rooms set apart for the use of New Jersey’s most prominent citizen, \\'oodro\v \\'ilson, President of the United States. 2. The, Princeton Room, Whose walls are adorned only by pictures relating to Princeton University. J. The main lobby or reception room, the homelike s *ats. excel- and beautiful furnishings of which materially as isted in giving the New Jersey Building an env'able reputation for its attractiveness. The comfortable s y newspa— lcnt music, and the ﬁres in the Colonial fireplaces were specially appreciated by visitors. 4. One end of the men’s smoking room, where New Jer pers, pictures of seashore, and 01 Cities added interest to the resting place. 173 THE OREGON BUILDING The Oregon Building is suggestive of the Parthenon at Athens. It covers an area 150 by 250 feet, directly west from the CaliforniaBuilding, with an outlook on bay, islands, and the Marin hills that could not be surpassed in beauty. The columns which support the roof are A18 in llllllilX‘I‘i-OIIO 101' each State, in the Union. They are Douglas ﬁr, spruce, and Port ()rl'ord cedar. and measure 40 feet in height and from 5 to 7 feet in diameter. Each is said to contain lumber enough to construct a six-room house. The Oregon ﬂag pole towers to a height of 251 feet. It is a single stick of timber, cut from a tree 347 feet in height, and is said to be the highest ﬂag pole, in the, world. The building contains the county exhibits arranged in artistic booths, many 01 “:hiL'h suggest the richness of her forest products. An art room. extensive school exhibits, wild game exhibits, a motion picture theater, where the various industries are shown in ﬁlms, and a reception room open daily until ‘J 1'. )1. complete the equipment. 174 OREGON EXHIBITS 1. Oregon’s section in the Palace of Education shows only her methods of stamiardization of rural schools and Industrial (Ilub work. these being features of special worth in which the State excels. The extensive school exhibits in other lines will be found in her State building. 2. Oregon’s superb exhibit in the ’alace of Mines, shown in the picture, was awarded the prize as the best collective exhibit of minerals at the Exposition. 3. A small section of Oregon’s exhibit in the Palace of Agriculture which was awarded the grand prize for the best exhibit of forage crops. This section shows 671 'arietics of products grown on one farm, awarded a medal of honor. 4. This monster Oregon applerriprobably a Spitzenberg occupies a corner of the State‘s exhibit in the Palace of Horticulture. It is 12 feet in height and within it is shown a panorama of the Hood River Valley, famous throughout the world for its fruits. This exhibit won a grand prize. 175 ‘-\-i-‘+:'w -.,_._ - .-.~..x.~.;s=‘~.qv_.~u THE IDAHO STATE BUILDING ldaho was the first State to complete its building at the Exposition. It stands like a sentinel overlooking the bay, its architecture showing the influence of the (lrzeco—ltoman sentiment, classical in line and artistic in the pastel shades that prevail throughout the Exposition. Green lawns surround it, and ﬂowers and shrub— bery shov a touch of the home State in brilliance of color and abundance. Its open portals extend a constant welcome, and throngs of visitors use it as a meetlng place. It has been ﬁtted up as a temporary home for executive ollicers in order to facilitate the work of the Commission. Many industrial exhibits are shown on the lower ﬂoor of the building, and they compare most favo'ably with like products from older States. Especially is this true of her educational exhibit. Voca- tional training prevails throughout the State and the displays in painting, in china decoration, embroideries, wood 'arvings, laces, jewel work, and cabinet making indicate the worth of this department. 176 IDAHO EXHIBITS 1. Idaho's space in the Palace of Horticulture is a colorful presentation of the wealth of the State represented in her orchards. the products of which are shown in every possible t'orni rrcanned, preserved, dried, and in the natural state. Vines and blossoms wreathe the arbors surrounding the exhibit and kinship with the world is established by the working model of two small boys raiding a melon patch. 2. The richness of her Inines is set forth in this display in the Palace of Mines, the background being a relief map of picturesque mountain ranges. Gold, silver, copper, galena of high and low grade and methods of smelting, granite, and sandstone, mi ‘1) and malachite all are so arranged that the novice will enjoy the, exhibit and the Ininer ~an gather accurate information. It. ldaho’s agricultural products cover a wide, 'ange in variety broadly speaking, grains in the uplands. fruits in the valleys. The topographical map aids in understand- ing the display. or wheat alone there are twenty-one. varieties exhibited. 1. Another section of ldaho’s display in the Palace of Agriculture showing Shoshone, Falls and the wheat country. 177 Mr 3'“ 5w» r .-~‘ A --. _ -4“..- - - r... . —.~. _~—-,_.._._.. -- THE l()\VA STATE BUILDING l ’ll‘he Iowa State Building, erected at a cost of $35,000, is equipped with Made—in—Iov ( ept 1. ﬁrst ﬂoor a lounging room with conveniences for visitors. furniture. The outside dimensions are 150 feet frontage by 65 feet in The building, two stories in height with a large, old—fashioned front porch, was designed to be comfortable and homelike. The building contains on the On the, second ﬂoor the Iowa newspapers and Iowa historical exhibits and the Secretary’s office are located. The Iowa Commission comprises Messrs. \V. \V. Marsh of \Vaterloo, G. \V. French of Davenport, Charles F. Curtiss of Ames, F. D. Steen of West Liberty, W. G. Haskell of Cedar Rapids, George Haw of Ottumva, George E. \Vilson, Sr., of Clinton, C. D. Cass of \Vaterloo, T. A. Black of Sioux City, Emmet Tinley of Council Bluffs, and Ralph Bolton of Des Moines. E. W. Miller of \Vaterloo is Treasurer of the Commission and Woodworth Clum of Clinton is Secretary. 178 an») 3 m‘iilsx \W‘WV IO\VA EXHIBITS 1. Iowa’s River of Corn is 45 feet in height and 65 feet in diameter at the base. The cost of this exhibit was $6000 and it won the grand prize in agriculture. It would be diilicult to conceive a more apt illustration of the richness of this part of the “corn belt.” The cone is hollow, the interior being used for other exhib— its of Iowa’s grains, grasses, and the like. 2. Agricultural education exhibit in the Palace of Education. It was installed by the Iowa State College at Alncs. The genealogy of corn is shown along with methods of propagation. 3. This pictures the exhibit contained in the interior of the horn of plenty from which carloads of corn cataract. Here are grains, grasses, and other products of the farm, artistic decorative effects having been achieved in their arrangement, and farming as a business becomes very attractive, judged by the constant throng of interested visitors. 179 NH“ \()RI\ (‘l'i‘\ ’l‘he (Zity 01' New York appropriated $200,000 for construction ol~ a suitable building and for exhibits for its participation at this Exposition. The attractive structure erected is shown in the lower picture, which has the Illinois Building for next neighbor on the west. The displays were designed to show two t'xatures wherein New York City claims to lead the whole world civil administration and its educational system. Model structures in the picture on the right demon- strate the work accomplished in various departments so that health and happiness prevail among its citizens and the taxpayer secures a maximum of service at minimum cost. The feature ol‘ its educational system upon which most stress is laid—centralized control~—is installed in the Palace of Education. Equally important features are shown in this city building, and scenes in and around New York covering her history, progress, and development are of great interest. 180 llll‘l (‘UBAN PAVILION and south from the Fine Arts Palace, is one of the most interesting pavilions on the grounds. The two stories are built around a patio in which rare Island plants and tlowers thrive, and a square tower rises two stories above the main structure at its western end. A portion of the lower ﬂoor is used for displays of (Iuban industries and her educational system, the reservation of space in exhibit palaces having been found insutlicient for the material contributed. The furniture, of rare hardwood throughout the building is of remarkable beauty. The second ﬂoor has rest and entertaimnent rooms, the building having been designed for the purposes of hospitality. (Iuba’s horticultu‘al exhibit, much of it placed in the ’alace of Hor— ticulture, consists of palms, tropical fruits. and nut trees. cane, tobacco, and gorgeously colored shrubs. 181 This colorful structure located just west of the French site TH E FRENCH PAVILION The French Pavilion is a reproduction of the Palace of the Legion of Honor in Paris. It is built around a square central court, in which Rodin’s Thinker is placed. Inclosing this space are colonnades. The, displays within the palace include among many other articles of historic interest and incalculable value some Gobelin tapestries of exquisite beauty, the loan of which for this occasion demonstrates the interest taken by that great country in the celebration of this world achievementithe Panama Canal. Velvets, silks, laces, embroideries, porcelains, and all fine and artistic things in manufacture of which France leads the world are on exhibition. Lectures given here almost every (lay by experts in art, literature, and good citizenship are attended by large numbers of lovers of the beau- grill" and at all times the section where French creations in fashion are displayed is thronged. A large section of the building is given over to displays from e slum. 182 wmmmwwwv PAVILIONS Ol“ SIAM, PURTUGAL, AND l'l‘ALY The pavilion of Siam represents ﬁttingly both within and without one of the greatest little countries on earth. The building. a reproduction of an imperial pavilion now in use in the kingdom, was constructed there and brought to the Exposition in the “knock-down” condition to he reassembled on the triangular site it occupies close to the Turkish and Chinese Pavilions. Figures of svans, lions, elephants, and sacred birds are used in enrichment 01' its many gables and tower. The display within is most complete and comprehensive, covering many products, both natu'al and manufactured, and exhibits of the remarkable prog— ress of the country in industrial and educational lines. Portugal’s beautiful pavilion, fronting the Avenue of Nations, acr 55 from the gardens of Italy’s site, is richly ornamented in lacy white stucco. Designed principally for hospitality, rather than display purposes, it nevertheless contains many cases of needlework, laces, and the like that are most alluring. Italy’s group of buildings, seven in number, surround [lowered courts where fountains play and where replicas of her art treasures in marbles and bronzejst‘carvings and decorative relief are appropriately placed. 183 > I burn . , Jr—v'w -mﬂx PHILIPPINE ISLANDS This pavilion, built and furnished with materials from this far—away territory, is located at the west end of the Avenue of Nations. Rich, satiny hardwood columns and paneling have been used in the rotunda, and the columns of tilt. \ itbule are natural, unshaped I’alma Brava trunks. Native translucent capis sllecl window panes soften the, light. In the display and sales section Island manufactures include ﬁbre cloths of silken sheen and fineness, embroiderics, hats made while you wait, baskets, matting, ~ar\'ed articles, shell products, and tobacco of all sorts. A wonderful display of pearls alfords fascinating entertainment, and the needlework is greatly in demand. The orchid house, on the, opposite side of the building, contains hundreds of fairies of the plant kingdom. The famous Philippine Constabulary Band of ninety pieces plays (lain in the patio around which the pavilion is built. 184 'I'HIC PHILIPPINE C(lNS'I‘ABULARY BAND The hand was organized in 1902 by order of Governor \Yilliam Howard Taft. At that time it numbered thirty-four; there are now ninety organization, which has been continuously under conduct of Captain \Valter Ho ward Loving. ' ance at the St. Louis Exposition) in 1904, and in 1908 participated in the inauguration of President Taft. This is the third vislt the close is a part of the Government’s participation in this world ceIchration. musicians in the of the band to this country. It was in attend— Its presence at the Exposition from the opening day to Enthusiastic crowds attend its concerts. Their repertory is unusually exten— sive and programs so selected that love for the classic never clash with appreciation of lighter music, and their command of instruments is such that upon an occasion when the lights went out in the Court of Abundance an entire program was faultlessly played in the dark. 185 THE STORY OF THE PHILIPPINE ORCHIDS Very soon after participation by the Islands at the Exposition was determined upon it was decided that as the Philippines are a world’s marvel in the beauty and variety of rare tropical blooms found nowhere else and which to date, it has been impossible to transplant successfully, these should be featured in the exhibits, particularly the orchids. The collection embraces many hundreds of species which were assembled with the greatest care to make the display com- plete. Burbanking is not necessary in propagation of new species in the orchids, as the offshoots produce different blooms from those of the parent plant. Plenty of moist heat seems all they require to keep them thriving. These shown have been In constant bloom from the opening day of the Exposition, the blossoms being of inﬁnite variety in shape and color. A spray may last for weeks, and sometimes for months, without losing its freshness. 186 PAVILIONS OF BOLIVIA AND NEW ZEALAND New Zealand’s Pavilion, almost directly west from that of France, is a most attractive structure with many enormous windows, admitting light in plenty. Close to the walls shrubs and trees from New Zealand are growing luxuriantly. Displays consist principally of wools. ﬂeeces, and their manufactured products, while an enormous variety of lesser industries are shownﬁleather carvings and the like being of great interest. The scenes from the Island life are most interesting. The pavilion of Bolivia, facing north on the Avenue of Nations, is near neighbor to the Swedish Pavilion. It is said to be “Symbolical of the history of the coun— try, the pylons at the entrance being reproductions of two monoliths found in the Tihuauacy ruins. The doorway is a copy of the great doorway of the Church of San Lorenzo, in Potosi.” From a shaded central court the visitor may see attractive display rooms, where are robes and rugs, furs and ﬂeeces of exquisite fineness and articles of hand—wrought gold, silver, and needlework. The display of foodstuffs is interesting and there is evidence of Bolivia’s wealth and enterprise in mines and manufactures. 187 THE NETHERLANDS PAVILION The Netherlands Pavilion has for neighbor the New York Building to the north, Argentina to the west, and the Fine Arts Palace to the south. and domed central clock tower, the bright and harmonious blending of exposition colors which is said to resemble a manor-house of Holland, one of the, most attractive on the Exposition grounds. was appropriate on this ()C‘alell that displays of these, he made a dlstmctive feature. ist Its many turrets achieved by its architect. and an abundance of ﬂags, make this structure. Holland bulbs being famous throughout the world. it At the opening of the Exposition early spring [lowers rioted in the space wl ich was later ﬁlled with a splendid showing of bull) begonias, which gave place to dahlias that seemed to form a rich frame for the palace. Under the able admin- ation of (Ionnnissioner-General H. A. Von 'l‘orehiana the pavilion has been filled constantly with visitors interested in business and commerce as well as pleas- ureistelemir: and sightseers. Many beautiful festivals have been celebrated here, as well as occasions of quiet hospitality, such as afternoon teas, informal receptlons, an m 1 e. 188 THE NETHERLANDS AT THE EXPOSITION 1. In the Food Products Palace Netherlands shows by a comprehensive display some of the delicacies which are characteristic of its people. 2. This shows one of the attractive interior views in the Netherlands Pavilion, the map in the foreground being that of the Netherlands and East India Archipelago. giving one some idea of the maritime activity of this progressive country. 3. Netherlands is famous the world over for its pottery industry. and the above shows a section of one of its pottery exhibits. 4. Another view of the interior of the pavilion, the exhibits section of the building being divided into three partsﬂethc Netherlands Divi- sion, the West Indies Division, and the East Indies Division. ': 189 THIS ARGEN 1 [NE PAVILION The Argentine Republic is magniﬁcently represented at the Exposition. It appropriated $1.700,000 for its participation and has erected the beautiful building here shown at a cost 01‘ ")00,000. The, building is not a copy ot‘ any building in existence, but is the original work 01' the Argentine architect, ‘Eduarrlo bauze, and keeps up with the prev; lliiig style peculiar to the country French Renaissance. 011 the, ground ﬂoor it contains a spacious main hall, a magniﬁcent reception 1‘00”}, a small theater for leeturt , where moving pictures on Argentine lit and activities are shown ever ' day, ten 1) util'ul dioramas of picturesque scenes, a pano‘amlc \’ll‘\\' 01' the (Iity 01‘ BuemL Aires, and the oilices of the Connni on. The upper ﬂoor contains a library and writing room, with over 0000 volumes on 'all subJects written by Argentine authors, a full set of daily, weekly, and illustrated newspapers and magazines of Argentine, and a wide gallery, [he walls of whlch are (let:- orated with photographs, statistical charts, and maps. 190 INTERIOR OF THE ARGENTINE PAVILION These pictures give an idea of the beautiful and rich interior of the Argentine Pavilion. The paintings on the arches are on canvas and were painted in Argen- tina by Argentine artists and put up here. Each of these paintings symbolizes the special activities of the Argentine States, the names of which are on each canvas. Agriculture, cattle breeding, manufacture, and industry are symbolized in a harmonious way. The ﬂoor in the main hall is made of cement mosaics, the stairs leading to the upper ﬂoor being of Argentine gray marble. The iron doors, railings, plaster, the colored vitrean windows, and in fact everything with the exception of the wood necessary for ﬂooring and construction have been especially constructed in Argentina and brought to this country. The lighting fixtures are of a beau- tiful design, showing the Argentina coat-0f-arms on stained glass. 191 — v. away: ARGENTINA EXHIBITS _1.. Argeiitiiie’s fine arts exhibit, consisting of seventy-six works of marble sculptures, oil paintings, etchings, and medallions, is a striking proof of the strong artistic sentiment of this young, fast progressing country’s people. 2. The display in the Educational Palace is made up of maps, pictures, and statistical tables ar‘anged in convenient form. 3. Argentina’s exhibit in the Palace of Varied Industries is exceptionally complete, depicting by interesting exhibits the various crafts and trades peculiar to its people. 4. Argentina’s mining exhibit of minerals is Very alluring, showing the enormous wealth hidden in Argentine soil, and gives a comprehensive idea of the great variety of products. 192 i \\ .»,V . v VA“ v (m: L’s—mi Jim-L ARGENTINA AT THE EXPOSITION 1. Argentina’s exhibit in the Palace of Liberal Arts gives a clear demonstration of the absolutely up-to-date achievements of this progressive country. 2. In the Palace of Pure Foods Argentina exhibits everything man can think of to eat and drink, one of the interesting things being “yerba mate,” which is a substi- tute for tea and coffee. 3, 4. In the Palace of Agriculture Argentine has an exhibit which was awarded 1456 prizes. It shows its enormous wealth in agriculture, from the soil, and forestry. A magnificent collection of 267 varieties of woods is exhibited and all kinds of grains and grasses make up this extensive display. The wool exhibit is arranged in a most artistic manner and shows that wool is one of the principal sources of wealth for Argentina. 193 mm wane;- r’t L-.A,‘,_-_.,s_.,_._a._ .. ;--m THE TURKISH PAVILION The pavilion of the Ottoman Empire is distinctively Oriental in (ﬁect, with many domes, spires, minarets' and towers. The entrance is through an arched door— way into a central display place where a marvelous collection of rugs is the domlnating feature, although hangings, hand—wrought Jewelry, ornaments and furnish- ings are included, the value 01‘ the exhibits housed her e amounting to over a million and a half of dollars. There are also laces, fabrics, perfumes from Araby, souvenirs, fans, hair ornaments, inlaid articles, and embronderies in Oriental colorings. The art of weaving rugs of marvelous color lilendiiigs is shown here by weavers at work. and in the opposite wing of the pavilion Turkish tobacco is manufactured for smokers’ uses. 194 TURKISH COMMISSIONER—GICNERAL MIRZA AIiI KUIiI KAHN AND (IROUI’ OF OFFICIALS I’RICSICN'I‘ AT DICDICA'I‘ION OF THE TURKISH PAVILION The participation of Turkey has included, in addition to her wonderful exhibits, an enthusiasm and a careful attention to the details involved at an Exposi- tion which will make this group memorable to all Exposition visitors Information was given by those well qualiﬁed to impart it; perfect courtesy prevailed, and a disposition to give all possible help and pleasure was manifest by cards liberally displayed which related particulars as to age, values, color. and weaves iii rugs and hangings. Particularly was this a feature, in the, Mosque which occupies the east wing of the pavilion, where the almost priceless rugs were shown, as pie— tures are, shown in a gallery, carefully catalogued. From the ﬁrst visit of the Imperial Envoy. Vahan (Iardashian, on the occasion when the site was selected, to the close of the Exposition, the Turkish participation has been markedly typical of the spirit of this celebrationwcementing the bonds that unite ()rient and Occident. 195 JAPAN 1. A panorama of the Japanese site which fronts on the Avenue of Nations. In Japan the architect always considers the surroundings and how they will contribute to the, ﬁnished picture. The Ashikaga period which pre'ailed several centuries ago is followed here. Two hundred and ﬁfty-seven rocks weighing more than a ton each, seven of which weighed more than three. tons each, and several tons of gravel, together with 2500 square yards of turf and several thou- sand trees, plants, and shrubs were brought from Japan, with the, houses in knock—down form, with native workmen to put them together. 2. This is a reproduc— tion of the Nikko Shrine, built about 300 years ago. There is an old saying in Japan, “Until you see Nikko do not use the word ‘magniﬂcent.’ ” This, the most magnificent building in all Japan, was constructed in honor of a great Shogun. For the past ten or twelve years between 150 and 200 artists and artisans have been working upon the repairs of the shrine. Of these about ﬁfty were chosen to reproduce this magnificent shrine on a scale of one to twenty for the Exposi— tion. The result is seen here. Everything is on the scale of one to twenty, and it is a perfect reproduction done by special artists. 3. This is a part of the Nikko Shrine showing the famous gateway commonly known as Higurashi—No-ﬂon, meaning “The, sun goes down where you admire it.” It is a gem of archi— tecture. This splendor of human creation, in contrast with the ancient forests of cryptomerla, reproduce a scene of grandeur and magniﬁcence. 196 ‘l APAN RSI“. liX H l lil'l‘S l. The picture on the right in the upper row is the special exhibit building in the Japanese gardens which contains the Nikko Shrine as well as the exhibits of the Agricultural Department. 2. This is the showing made by the Bureau of Agriculture of silk culture, from feeding of the worms, through their spinning of the cocoons, to the, ﬁnished product in the form of yarns. and the beautiful kimono. This industry was instituted in ancient times by noble families and is fostered by the Empress, who caused this garden for culture of the silk worm. which is reproduced here, to be constructed where her ladies in waiting might feed and care for them. This she did for the purpose of impressing on the minds of her subjects a two-fold lesson; that labor is not to be despised, but rather that it adds joy and dignity to life, and how hard it is to make the beautiful kimono so that they may be economical. 3. This is a part of the wonderful display in the Palace of Manufactures. Bronzes, ivory carvings, and ceramic art are shown. 4. View of another part 01' the display in the Palace of Manufactures, show— ing kimonos of ﬁnest texture exquisitely embroidered and Japanese costume dolls. 197 Tie-"A 1 i i - JAPANESE IEZXHIBI 1‘8 1. This \'i(‘\\' pictures a part of the display in the Japanese section 01' the Palace of Manufactures, showing wood carvings, furniture, and work in bamboo. 2. This part of the exhibit in the Japanese. section in the Palace of Food Products includes Shoyu and Sake. Shoyu is a sauce made of beans, indispensable in Japanese cooking and becoming appreciated by American and European people to add to soups or use as sauce. 3. This Japanese section in the Palace of Trans— portation shows some very old vessels in contrast with the ships of modern times, as built by Japanese companies at the present day. 4. The embroidered screens here shown are marvels of needlework, eaeh worth many hundreds of dollars; some running up into thousands. The work in one picture required most careful application of four men steadily for nearly eight months. The threads, after selection, are placed in the sun l'o‘ a time to mellow the shades and insure the har- monious blending which depends, among many other things, upon length of stitch and twist of thread. 198 JAPAN EXHIBITS 1. This is a part of the exhibit made by Japan in the Palace of Transportation, designed to show the rapid strides made by that nation in a comparatively short period of time. By way of contrast model ships like those of the Toyo Kaisen Kaisha Steamship Line, which leads in perfection of modern equipment for comfort and convenience are shown in proximity to old-time craft. 2. In its display in the Palace of Agriculture the visitor is impressed with the variety of products no less than by the various ways in which these may be arranged. The exhibits in the palaces suggest the commercial importance of the products, while the displays in the gardens portray life in the Kingdom. 3. A miniature landscape garden in a triangle of the Palace of Horticulture has dwarf shrubs, with ponds of gold ﬁsh and a variety of aquatic plants. 4. Among leading exhibits made by Japan in the Palace of Liberal Arts the manufacture of paper for many purposes is most interesting. Here also may be seen instruments of precision, philosophical apparatus, coins and medals, and a wonderful collection of pictures, some of life and scenery in Japan, others by Japanese artists taken all over the world. 199 GU ATEM ALA This paVilion, su11ounded by gaidens and at all times gay \\ 1th hunting, is one of the most attractive and most favorably situated of the foreign pavilions, being located 011 high giound, just “est oi the Inside Inn. \V ithin, a theater occupies the center, and tastefully arranged displays around the outside walls are partitioned by hangings of blue of heaV only loveliness. The same color, “hich one who sees “111 alVVays recall \\ 1th longing, is used in stair covering and thlough- out the building. Gallery rooms on the second [1001 also contain displays. The coffees and other products which have “on medals bear banners announcing the z“,1\\a1d and thexe me enough of these to contribute much to the festive appearance Daily concerts by the Marimba Band undel conduct of Celso Hurtado won desened popularitV from the opening and maintained it to the close of the Exposition The instrument of native hardwoods—granadillo, hormigo, and clohong gives out music of the forest and all that (1“ e11 therein \V 1th a \Veird quality of s“ eetness that glips. 200 AR('H AND I’UL’N'IKHN ()IV 'I‘IIIC RISING SUN mm «we Ma‘ww‘“ " new,» 7 IV . ”whammy/.4 'eKV’VI/m/ma GUATEMALA AT THE EXPOSITION ’I‘he Marimba Band, which plays each afternoon in the Guatemala Pavilion, is a unique musi-al attraction at the Exposition. The instruments of native hard- woods have in their tones the -adences of Nature. To quote from Lowell: “The secret of the wind it sings . . . and mixes with its mood all it dreamed when it stood in the wonderful wildwood." The audiences appreciating this, are constant in attendance and enthusiastic in their applause. The eight members of the hand are seen standing, with Conductor Celso Hurtado fourth from the right. Seats ar’ all ﬁlled at the concerts in the little theater with its hangings of blue. The lower picture on the left shows the coifee parlor in the Palace of Food Products, where delicious Guatemala coffee is served. 0n the right the View shows an arrangement of the displays of the country on the second ﬂoor of the pavilion. The birdseye view from this gallery in the upper view besides affording a most pleas- ing presentation of the assembled rich products of this country conveys a very abiding impression of the harmonious arrangement and setting that prevails. 202 . < c -‘w 5.“; ARCH AND FOUNTAIN OF THE RISING SUN 9 <- e ii 5‘ j: 3 5 i‘ ,5 GUATEMALA AT THE EXPOSITION The Marimba Band, which plays each afternoon in the Guatemala Pavilion, is a unique musical attraction at the Exposition. The instruments of native hard- woods have in their tones the cadences of Nature. To quote from Lowell: “The secret of the wind it sings . . . and mixes with its mood all it dreamed when it stood in the wonderful wildwood.” The audiences appreciating this, are Constant in attendance and enthusiastic in their applause. The eight members of the hand are seen standing, with Conductor Celso Hurtado fourth from the right. Seats are all ﬁlled at the concerts in the little theater with its hangings of blue. The lower picture on the left shows the coffee parlor in the Palace of Food Products, where delicious Guatemala coffee is served. 0n the right the view shows an arrangement of the displays of the country on the second ﬂoor of the pavilion. The birdseye View from this gallery in the upper view besides affording a most pleasing presentation of the assembled rich products of this country conveys a very abiding impression of the harmonious arrangement and setting that prevails. 202 HUNDURAS l. The. Honduras Pavilion, the first structure of a foreign participating nation to be, completed at the Exposition, is an att'active two—story building, 87 by 50 lect in foundation area, situated between the paViIions of Guatemala and Panama. 011 the main ﬂoor are, (‘Xilibli5*illl niiiiiatureimof her products. Oilices of the (Ioiiiini 'ioner General, the Secretary, library, rest room, and reception hall occupy the second ﬂoor. . The remarkable collection of hardwoods that abound in the country its rare medicinal plants, coil'ee, rice. and spices are included in the display; also the beautiful “jiiiico” hats that rival the best [’ananias in beauty. One ‘ Demonstrating the mineral wealth of Honduras are very rich samples of gold, silver, 3 hundred and eighty—five varieties of hardwoods are in this pictured exhibit. copper, mercury, lead, iron, zinc, marble, chalk, precious and semi—precious stones oi dreamful beauty. The iiiaiiiil'actured products shown include hand-wrought articles of many sorts, perfumes, and leather goods. «1. Tobacco, in its natural as well as its manufactured state, is most attractively displayed. The, exhibit of the New York and Honduras Rosario Mining Company in the mines section and that of the Liberal Arts School of 'l‘egucigalpa in Liberal Arts form part of this display. 203 DENMARK ~ ' ' - ~ ‘ , . ‘ . w - . i i i , N ' ' - ~ - v - ' “ v , 2‘3-ted by foreign—born citi- Tlie Denmark Buildiii occu ies a unique osition among the loieign paulions at the Exposition, inasmuch as it is the onl)‘ one Lite U , . _ _ lens of this country. \\'h%le allpthe other l'oreli)gn structures have been built withtunds appropriated for that purpose by the respectlyc g'ovuflﬁgxintls’etelill‘tt 3’1 3659013 mark is the result of a great national movement among the Danish in Ameri‘a, ot wlioin many thousands subscribed in amounts hr‘aiigliiigqu supervisina archi- Designs and drawings for this building were furnished by Professor Anton Rosen ot Lopenliagen. Mr. lyge Hvass. ‘also‘ot open (tIIge ("ast‘le of KronlmrE made tect. The cost was approximately $30,000. The designs are taken from several well lnimvn ancient structures in Denmaik, partlyf rom I1)e liah qintings furhiture famous by Shakespeare as the home of Hamlet. It contains no exhibits in. the ordinary sense of the word, but a collection o rat: at] sang‘visiting’ San Fran: porcelain, and silverware are found here, and spacious lobbies and lounging rooms make, it a popular headquarters tor Danes resi mg in ‘ cisco. The building is ably administrated by the Denmark Building Committee under supervision of the Royal Danish resident commissioner, Otto VS adsted, Esquire. . 204 .V‘IV DENMARK PAVILION lN'l‘lCl{l()l{S ]. This is known as the Garden Room. It is furnished in white. the t‘n’rniture made by (I. B. Hansen after drawings by Professor Anton llosen: the tapestries. rugs. and curtains from ()lsen, lne.; porcelain from Bing & (irondal; piano from Hornung & Moller; all of Copenhagen. 2. In this. the Assembly Hall. wall paint- ings representing tive of Denmark’s principal industrial and eonnnereial enterprises, are the work of Valdemar Andersen. It. In this. the Direetors’ Boom, teakwood furniture. tapestries, rugs, and draperies are from the same firms that eontrilnlted to the Garden Room. and in addition there is a silver eenterpieee from the ﬁrm of Herts of Copenhagen. 4. The Ladies‘ Drawing Room has furniture of birth and mahogany nmnufaetul‘ed by Jacob Petersen after designs by .laeoh Klindt. both of Copenhagen. Paintings throughout the building were loaned by the Royal Art Museum of Copenhagen. The purpose has been to show the home life. culture. and artistry of the Danish people. 205 1-4;- gr: A. . A ; '.. M H, i.‘ 1!} ‘li f 3' i i It, It}: \\ THE CANADIAN PAVILION This superb palace is in the Nee-Greek style of architecture. Excepting the California Building, it is the largest structure other than exhibit palaces on the Expo- sition grounds. Within the decorations are of grains and grasses, which in many instances 1' ‘ame pano-amas of Canada’s marvelous scenery, or its home lit'e and industries. Forest, field, and stream, city, village, and isolated trading post, the trades and crafts, the farm, forge, furnace, and factory, all have been lev1e_d on for tribute to this comprehensive display of the wealth and resources of this remarkable neighbor country. The exhibit comprises a complete history of 'her progress and development to date, and its arrangement is so attractive and artistic that it is a question if this generation will look upon its like again. (lertalnly no other participating nation draws a more constant crowd of pleased and enthusiastic visitors. 206 CANADIAN PAVILION INTERIORS The upper picture on the left shows the heaver pool where a colony of these wonderful woodmen of the anilnal kingdom pursue a busy and apparently happy ex stence. Of all wild cr'atures they are lnost ditlicull to keep in captivity, and their activities are a delight to thousands of children. L'ppcr right and lower let show vistas in the long aisles that run north and south through the building. The fidelity to fact in the presentation, and the artisti ' arrangement that prevail here can he inferred from pictured scenes, appropriate to the product shown in the open spaces below. the pictures on the left showing places of interest along the route and the point of departure for happy hunting grounds where deer, moose, elk, and hear may he found, magnificent specimens of these being mounted and placed in surroundings that indicate the character of the country where game abounds. ()n the lower right is the panorama in which the vast wheat fields are shown. In one section of this a miniature elevator, where miniature freight trains arrive, load, and depart for the distant shipping port, also shown in the panorama, is in constant operation, to the delight of all. 207 'WV‘WMIW ~. wr. m». -K“ “22.2.1. VIEWS FROM THE INTERIOR OF THE CANADIAN PAVILION The chief features of the, display in the Canadian Building consist of a series of admirable Canadian landscapes, illustrating the agricultural, lumbering, mining, and shipping interests of British North America. The scenes are set to produce a remarkable perspective. There is one a panorama of the great wheat ﬁelds bordering on Lake Superior. Another shows Canada as it was and as it is. The foreground represents the North as it was when the Indian and the game had it entirer to themselves. In the background the visitor looks for miles far and away down a broad Canadian valley ﬁlled With wheat ﬁelds and pleasant farms. All the wild life of Canada is represented in the foreground by splendid stuffed specimens, from the bear and the moose and the musk ox to the marten andltlhe muskrat, and from the great honker to the humming bird. These scenes and others of like nature give an attractive representation 01 our great Northern neig 1 )or. 208 GREECE PANAMA Greece is represented at the Exposition by an attractive pavilion, one of the features being the sunken garden in front of the building. Statuary is artis- tically placed and the broad steps leading to the pavilion, bordered by ﬂowers, makes a pleasing effect. The ﬁne arts of the Greek people are ably displayed by exhibits of statuary, paintings, and laces in the building. Panama has built this pavilion as typical of the architecture of its country. 200 xmnunsw»w R S“ EDEN The Swedish Building, both for its distinctive architectur‘ and for the wealth of its exhibits, constitutes one of the most interesting and striking features of the Exposition. It covers approximately 30,000 feet on the south side of the Avenue of . ations. The Swedish display was a semhled by the Royal Swedish Expo— sition Commission with a general purpose of showing the economic and social institutions of the country, the activities of the, Royal Government in such direc- tions as the management of the state railroads, and the administration of Water power stations, as well as to exhibit the commercial activities and resources of Sweden. It is a thorough and comprehensive display of the country’s interesting features; the principal exhibits are accompanied by profuse illustrations in the shape of models, maps, photographs, and statistics, and its value is further enhanced by the fact that it is all, with the exception of the art exhibit, which is found in the Palace of Fine Arts. contained beneath the roof of one spacious building. 211") INTERIOR o1“ smcolsn eAVIHoN Main Hall. The Nobel Foundation, which is one of the strongest single influences in the world for mankind’s progress. is given presentation in the Main Five Nobel pri/.es, each amounting to about $313,000, are awarded annually to the individuals having made the most distinguished contribu- The remarkable pilotage and marine signal system, which is used over the entire world, is another especially interesting exhibit in this hall. 2. The Steel Room. One of the most comprehensive exhibits is devoted to the iron and steel display, which is the principal industry of Sweden. 3. Social Drawing Room. For the convenience and entertainment of visitors a large drawing room. ladies‘ writing and rest rooms and smoking room for men have been provided in the building. 4. Social Hall. A great portion of the Swedish exhibit is made up of articles of “slojc” or domestic craft and includes specimens of embroidery, lace-making. weaving. wood carving, etc., as well as sample: of porcelain and 1. Hall of the building. tions to physics, chemistry. medicine, literature, and toward the furtherance of peace. glassware. 211 'l'HlC l'lAWAllA 1% Llllll)lN(}, (K W. Dickiav, ARCHI'I'lCt‘l‘ Hawaii, the country with the remarkably even climate. is claimed to be the loveliest ﬂeet of islands that lies anchored in any ocean. The executive otticers who administer the government ol‘ the territory are the Hon. 1‘. li. l’inkham, Governor, and Hon. \\'. \\'. 'l'hayer, Secretary. Hawaii was among the earliest to accept the invitation to participate in this international festival. Her (Ionnnissioners to the Panama— ’aciiie International Exposition are: H. P. \Vood, Chairman; J. N. . \\'illiams, Vice (‘ airman: John S. \\'ise, Secretary; John lillinger. and Bertram G. ltivenburgh. The building fronts on Administration Avenue, opposite the Palace of Food Products, the (Ialit'ornia Host Building being its near neighbor on the north, the Fine Arts Lagoon lying near it to the south. In surrounding gardens are many of the, unusual Island ﬂowers and shrubs. ‘ 212 HAW'AI IAN PAR'I‘ICII’A’I‘U )N In the upper left is the Hawaiian Building. showing the crowd in attendance at exercises on June 11, 1915, Hawaii Day. The night carnival on the lagoon was one, of the most beautiful of the many impressive exposition festivities. Hawaiian singers in outrigger canoes brought from the Islands for the occasion, led a line, of ﬂower decked boats and barges. In the upper right picture is the Tropical (Iourt, showing Gordon L'sborne’s group “The Surf Riders” on the right. In the lower left picture is the center of Tropical (Iourt, showing stand occupied by singing boys surrounded with Giant Tree Ferns brought from near the Vol -ano of Kilauea. In the lower right picture is the Aquarium. This feature of the Hawaii exhibit attracted a great deal of attention, the wonderfully colored and queerly shaped fish being admired by many hundreds of thousands of visitors. Sea water was brought in tanks from outside the Farallones to keep the fish in condition. Eight baby octopii were exhibited in the aquariums. - 213 THE AUSTRALIAN PAVILION The Australia!) Pavilion, in the foreign section of the Exposition), adjoins the Presidio entrance and contains all the exhibits sent from the Commonwealth. The building. which is typical of Australia in its design. is surrounded by carefully kept grass lawns and ﬂower beds, an aviary of native birds, and two pad— docks with kangaroos, wallahies, and paddymelons. A feature, of the parking space is a handsome collection of tree ferns which were transplanted from Aus— tralia and have matured since the Exposition opened. 214 SECTIONS 1N 'l‘HlC AUS'l'RAlJAN l";\\'llil()N 1. One 111' the agricultural iropllies. 2. 31111511 ent collection 01 )111‘i1111 “0111 (g r111111 prize) . 15. 1‘ 111' 11111'1l\\'1>o1l 111111 1'1111i11e1 “11111- 1111111111 111111 building trophies 111' metal 111111 or 1111' 1"1)1e"11i11g replesent corners onlv 01 1111' i1lt1r11)1 1111111 11111111 11111' \ustruliun 1’11\'1lio11.\' 1"01111 ()1 natural pioduct 1 included in the colleetion 111 1‘ hibits— 11 p1'111‘ls 1r11m the tropic seas 11t"‘1111ns1111y 151111111, 11pp1 from 1111- temperate. zone “1111111 111111 1111161 681' -- ' 110111 the inter'iOI, p1o1lu1'e 1' )111 the vast 11.,1111111 11r 115, 111111 111111111115 111111 timber 11111 1111 the 1 hibiting State li'ozen 1111-111 111111 11011111‘ is kept in specially ucled 1‘e'11iger11t1‘d 1'11111111)e1s.'1111‘ \\'01)l 1‘\hihit, “'1111'1 “115 11“ 11111911 the grand pri 1' of the 1‘ . 011, is 1111 e\1'epti11111111\' line 1"1)lle11i1)n, 111111 1111: displu‘ of Opals ls 1'111inie11 to 111‘ the largest 111111 best 01 it th e\"11' e\11i1)i’(1>11. 'l‘l'llC l’;\\'ll,l()N ()l“ l ()l{\\'A\' This attractive strueture situated near the Australian and just south of the French Pavilion, is typically Norwegian in design and appointments. The archi- tecture is Old Norse, with eertain l'eatures still found in rural distrietsiwlmulder foundations, tower with hell'ry, converging walls with ornamentations, open eourt surrounding galleries ealled svalegange, resembling in a general \\ _ a chief’s castle, in the middle ages. ltest rooms and i‘lading rooms are, provided for Visitors. and a restaurant where a lunch of genuine Norwegian dishes is served is maintained here. Along the outside of the building are Norwegian spruee trees growing, and the whole arrangement gives an appearance lainiuiar and homelike to the Norwegians. 'l‘he otlieials ol' the eommission are: (lonsul l3. Herman (lade. Commissioner General; \\'. Morgenstierne. Assistant (lonnnissioner; .l. Nilsen Laurvik, Coinmis ioner of Fine Arts, and J. R. Quistad. Seeretaly. 216 *1 6°,” ‘\ \‘ Q M NOR\VAY’S PARTICIPATION In the upper picture the Viking ship landing at Yacht Harbor on Norway Day, June 3, 1915, is shown. The chorus. in costume, with Norwegian societies, led the procession to the Norway Pavilion, where, impressive ceremonies Were observed, with music a dominant and most enjoyable feature. 011 the lower left is the Exhibit Room. This contains an interesting display. of Norway’s industrial and maritime activities, with charts and models of different types of vessels from the Viking period to the present day. Modern passenger vessels carrying the tourist from New York to the center 017 the fjords in eight days are shown. Among other notable exhibits are Norwegian Fisheries, Stavanger Canning Industry, Paper Manufacturing, Nitrate Factories, Mines of Norway, Mineral \Vater, Tapestries from the Home Industry Association, Exhibits connected with the Norwegian pioneers in America and their later achievements. The picture on the right is of the Assembly Hall, where moving pictures are shown of scenery, industries, life and sports of Norway. 217 CHINA AT THE PANAMA—PACIFIC INTERNATIONAL EXPOSITION ’l'he entranc 11r1'h 1"lll1'1l ”Pailou. ” 2. One, of the reception halls (side, \\ing). 3. A View of the central part of the interior of the main building. »1.\Iain front of the Festival Hall. 5. 'lhe, 1’ 11101111 The grounds of the (hine : Pavilion at the Panama Paciﬁc International l11\position are attracting daily thousands of visitors who are, streaming through them, 11nd are wondering at the buildings which demonst ate the most antique kind 01 Oriental architecture. The visitors especially take great interest in the main festival building, which shows a (hinese palace; it is a curious construction laised about si\ feet above the ground with a peculiar stone approach and wooden ailings. ’lhis palace building and two smaller separate side wings toward the East and the \\ est, built in similar style, are 11 miniature reproduction of some of the gorgeous palace audience halls of Forbidden (itv in Peking. However here the interior of these buildings is handsomely decorated and installed with a great number of most interesting art 111111 craft “orks coming from Canton, l1oocho\\, Peking, Shanghai, and other parts 01 the very e\tended Middle Kingdom. Also there are many art works such as tamous scroll pictures, sho“ing the kind of brush and pen \\o'1ks which are original in its scope among the works of art of the world The famous Chinese embroideries 11nd hand made teak wood chairs and tables are much admired. There is 11 gre 1t entrance arch called “Pailou” which designates 11 famous architecture as prevalent in the \iiddle kingdom, and is in front of the Chinese ’avilion grounds. Also there is a reproduction 01 11 so- -called D1‘111n——'—01—bell— to“ er, as well as a pagoda erected on the Pavilion grounds, which are famous among the sacred works ()1 architecture of the I111r East 218 «my §|v w ﬁg}; algae. CHINA AT THE PANAMA—PACIFIC INTERNATIONAL EXI’OSITION 1. Chinese section in the Food Products Palace. 2. Chinese section in the Mines and Metallurgy Palace. 3. Chinese section in the Transportation Palace. 4. Chinese sec- tion in the Palace of Agriculture. 1. In the Palace of Mines China shows a great variety of samples of all sorts of minerals, most of the mines of which have not been developed in any way. There are also some nuggets of gold coming from the Mongolian gold mines. A model of one of China’s large tin mines, as well as samples of anthracite and soft coal, is also displayed. China has abundant territories of anthracite and soft coal, most of which have hardly been touclwd or dcvaopcd. Cement and ﬁre brick, as well as tiles, are also exhibited in this section by some of the largest enterprises which have developed this ﬁeld in China. 2-3. In the Chinese section in the Palaces of Pure Foods and Agriculture are shown products from the rich soil of China, famous for thousands of years. \Ve find here a great variety of green and black teas, rice, silk cocoons, such as are roduced in several of the provinces of China; also straw braids, castor and other 0115, soya-heans, cereals, ginseng and mushrooms. Exhibits of salted vegetables, bamboo s loots, ginger, tobacco, albumen, shark’s tins, and the new culture of grapes and wines complete this extensive display. 4. In the Palace of Trans orta— tion China exhibits a great number of models of its government railways, also models of the two famous railway bridges over the Yellow River, station houses, lOllSc boats, lorchas, and river steamers. There are also in this section interesting statistical tables showing the W0st 0f the Post of China. 219 “A” ‘_.. s l l l iﬁé’emrzé CIIII\:\ AI I‘HIC PANAMA~PACIL IC IN IERNA I I()I\AI. I‘L\ POSITION 1. A view of the Chinese. section in the Varied Industries Palace. 2. A view of the Chinese section in the, Liberal Arts ’alace. 3. A view of the (Ihinese section in the Educational Palace. 1. A view of the Chinese section in the Fine Arts Palace. Among. the exhibits in the ’alace of Varied Industries (lhina demonstrates its famous manufactures of silk, linen, grass cloth, porcelains, bronzcs, camel wool, carpets. furs. and other works of its industries demonstrating the progress of (Ihina. In the Chinese section in the Libe'al Arts Palace are models and photographs of famous spots in (Zhina, also some inventions. Furthermore there are a number of its sacred instruments of music, as well as silk embroidered clothing for ecrcmonials, and other inter— esting works. In the Educational Palace the. (Ihinese have a most exquisite exhibit, demonstrating the revolution which has been brought about in China since 1900. At this period the old fashioned curriculum of Chinese education, so famous in regard to its literary historic achievements, was suddenly abolished and the new \Vestern method of education was substituted. (lhina has done wonders in this respect in a very short period of time, and ever since the revolution of 1911 has been making rapid strides in this direction. Also there, is in this section a very artistic exhibit of arts and crafts executed by pupils of the Catholic Orphanage in Sikawei, comprising a collection of repro- ductions of the famous pagodas of China and other wooden carvings, among which is an archway 'alled “l’ailou.” The exhibits of China in the Fine, Arts Palace are composed of antique and modern pictures such as have become famous from olden times to the present age. There is among these pictures a most famous collection such as has never been exhibited before in any American exposition. 15‘; \ FIGHTING HORSES, BY ALFRED PHILLIPPE ROLL Form, line, color, and various other elements that usually enter into consideration of a picture and which in this arl all they ought to be, are forgotten in our joy at the glorious rush of life produced by this canvas which hangs in the French section, one 01' four displays by this artist All teehniealities have been nicely regarded. The appeal, however, is in the magniﬁcent abandon with which these glorious creatures clash regardless of all restiaming of any rules of the game. The garb of the rider suggests the Bedouin and his perilous enterprise of separating the animals is in character with the lme Arabians have for their steeds. 221 HUNGARIAN BUFFALO SPAN, BY GEZA VAS’I‘AGH This picture, which wins a silver medal, is full of glowing Summer sunshine and garnered gold in the stack. To Western eyes the buffalo are a distinct nov- elty, but the conviction that they belong there is absolute, for there is ﬁdelity to life in every feature of the composition with which we have acquaintaIICFmaraud- ing fowl on top of the load, inner and outer gold of the broken pumpkin, lush verdure, and the sharp contrast between sunshine and short shadows which make the hour not long from noon. The rich colorfulness of the picture is arresting, and one lingers to study it. It is one of three canvases by this Hungarian artist, hung in the Annex building, others being: In the Farmyard and \‘\'inter in the Atlas Mountains. 222 VENICE, MORNING, BY P. FRANK LAMY This is surely one of the most beautiful canvases in all the galleries. The artist has caught the “feel” of the first ﬂush of early morning which scatters the mist. The glory and the gladness of it are wonderful. The brush work is peculiar, for the colors blend and merge as paste] work, and whether viewed from as far away as the limits of the gallery permit, or as close as one may come to it, the same smooth, luminous effect prevails, the same impression of more color behind what is seen u ieh comes with a dawn like this. Everything contributes to one’s joy in it; the distant, misty towers, the three—masters in the roadstead, the rich coloring of the lateen sails of the felucca laden, probably and bound for the market place, and the little gondola in the foreground. Those who have not seen Venice will ﬁnd a measure of consolation in remembering this perfect picture. 23 THE HOUR ()F REST, BY ALLESSANDRO BA’I‘TAGLIA This painting, in the Italian section. lends aid and inspiration fo‘ any story you wish to weave around it. The peasant mother, garbed in soft old rose with gay kerehief and enormous hoops of gold in her ears, homeward hound has paused to comfort the bamhino, whose troubled, wistful face may mean that the stony path is hard to stumbling feet. as indeed it looks to he: or that the “hours I spend away from thee” are almost too much for endurance. She is wonderfully lovely and hahyish, the. little one. The stolitl plodders on ahead suggest a lil'e of hardship and unending toil, but with home not too distant and this little com‘ade for consolation, everything for the mother must be bright and n 'ai'ly right. It is the only canvas shown by this artist. 224 MAY BLOOM, m' FRANK Vixenxr DU Moxu This monarch of the orchard, clothed to the farthest tip of its graceful limbs by the white blossoms, recalls that loveliest of choruses in the Golden Legend, “V‘Vreathed in Blossoming Cherry Trees.” It has about it that same hint of resurrection and life. Ther ’5 so much of the joy of life in all of it; the low, broken old wall, the plodding oxen, the sons of toil as needless and unconscious as the beasts of the hallelujah, the old snag, and the good, green earth. Surely a pic— ture such as this begets a feeling of personal friendship and of thanksgiving to the artist who has made this canvas song 'all us to happy thoughts as surely as the ﬂuting of the bobolink. It is one of six by Du Mond, who is particularly beloved of Exposition visitors for his murals beneath the Arch of the Setting Sun, elsewhere pictured herein. 225 ‘NW4W*W\*I‘*- SAGLIO FAMILY, BY RENHXAVIER PRINF.T 'l'his canvas, in the French section. may be, as the name indicates, Inerely a portrait of an attractive family, but there is a hint of mystery about it that ‘alls forth more comment than any other picture in the galleries. One interpretation overheard was that the lovely lady visitor sought secret informationAwhether in reference to state or personal matters \\'as not related which the old man desiredﬁor dreaded. \Vill she tell? Probably not. She looks capable of keeping her own counsel. but the younger woman is consciously pleased with her own thoughts. The setting is fine and appropriate and the picture a most pleasant one, to remem- ber. This French section is as near to all‘ording perfect happiness as mortals may hope for. livery canvas is a gem and the arrangement is delightful. 226 A DRUMMICR BOY, BY EASTMAN JOHNSON Lent by the Union League (llul) of New York City, this picture tells a stirring incident of our Civil \Var. Perched on the shoulder 01' a stalwart comrade, the little lad with his bandaged leg and a shadow of pain in his resolute eyes is drumming the soldiers forward. The haze of battle dril‘ts over the meadow carpeted with ﬂowers that they march across. The wounded, the dying, the comforting drink from a -anteen, all have place in this picture which somehow sounds a reveillc to courage as stirring now as then. The painter was horn in Lovell, Maine, in 1824 and died in New York in 1906. 227 THE HILL’l‘UP. in \V, ELMER SCHOFIELD .\ snow field, swept bare in places by the wind, and over all the clear, cold, mountain air. The snow patches are misty blue on the edges where they have been blown thin. A gaunt old tree stands sentinel amid the rocks. Back from it stands a group of ﬁrs, and along the rim of the hill some pine trees beckon with witch arms. Stretehing away as far as one can see are gently rolling hills, with the faint tinge that belongs to snow air, as though it had been filtered through ame- thyst. 'misting them. Not one sign of life, bird, beast, or being is visible. It is as though Mother Earth slept, forgetting all the troubles of her children. One joys in the picture as well as in the little tablet alllxed by the Jury of Awards giving it a medal of honor. The artist, born in Philadelphia in 1867, includes among many honors won a silver medal at St. Louis in 1904 and a gold medal at the International Exposition, Buenos Aires, in 1910. 228 LITTLE \VHl'l'lC DANCER, m BEN ALI l'lAGGIN. SlLl’ltltilC'ld‘E, BY ALBERTO M. Rossi PORTRAIT: LYDA BOREIJJ, BY ARTURO NOCI On the left the little white, dancer. as dainty as the white ‘amcllias in her hair or the, garland acros her corsage. with llowers at her feet, taking her curtain 'all, is a perfect bit of artistry. It is the only 'anyas on exhibition by Ben Ali Haggin, member of the National A sociation of Portrait Painters, New York; as o- ciatc member National Academy of Design, and winner of the third Hallgarten prize in 1909. Silhouette, the middle panel, by Alberto M. ltos, , winner of a _ \‘er medal, is in the, Argentine seetion. Gowned in black of extreme fashion, with modish mull and hat that frames the Winsome l'aee most ell'ectiyely. the picture, is altogether charming. The panel on the right, Portrait, Lyda Borelli. by Arturo Noci, and winner of a silver medal. hangs in the Italian section, It pietures a typical (laughter of the South, with dreamt'ul, drooping eyes and pomegranate mouth, her clinging gown and hat of black, the eolor note being a bunch of Violets. 22‘) MY HOUSE IN WINTER, BY CHARLES MORRIS YOUNG The picture more than suggests \Vhittier’s poem, Snow Bound. Blue long shadows from the gaunt tree trunks bar the snow blanket that is spread over the gar— den. The old house has green blinds, dormer windows, and porches a-plenty, with leaﬂess vines gay with nests of snow clambering over them. Snow in tufts and patches clings to tree holes and fills the crotches of the limbs. Tracks along the path indicate that this abode of peace is not deserted, and the light smoke from the chimney tops suggests that wood ﬁres are blazing within. For the artist who has fixed it on the canvas Old Rip Van \V'inkle’s toast rises unbidden to the mind of one who knows and loves the old-fashioned comfort and kindness that had abiding place in homes like this: “may he live long and prosper.” The picture has been awarded a gold medal. The artist, Charles Morris Young, born at Gettysburg, 1869. is winner of the Toppen prize, Philadelphia Academy of Fine Arts; honorable mention, Buil‘alo Exposition, 1901; silver medal, St. Louis, 1904; silver medal, Buenos Aires, 1910, and many other honors. Six of his land- scapes are exhibited. 230 ORIENTAL EQUESTRIAN, BY M. A. J. BAUER This picture in the Holland section is winner of a medal of honor. It is another of those pictures that suggest music, this time, though, of weird minors and Inuted strings, for the horseman and the, horsewlmth richly clothcdicome riding into the picture out of a desert background which is a monotone oi" opal even- ing colors, and the beggar by the grey wall and the circling vultures overhead suggest almost anything else than the, joy of life. The rich, subdued harmony 01' the thing is haunting, as is the face of the horseman, and the composition convinces one that the "lure of the desert" is a very real thing, well known to this artist. No other work 01' his is shown. 231 HIGH 'l‘lDIC: Rl‘l'l‘U RN OF THE FISHERMEN (PIERRE)7 BY GEORGES JEANNO'I‘ ’l‘his canvas. one ol‘ two by this artist, in the French section, “deals realistically with scenes from every-day life” as genre paintings are supposed, according to the (ll tionary tletinition to do. It is hard to believe humans ‘an enjoy life as cheerless as the faces here would indicate, stolid, grim, worn, and weary. The bowing ot' the head to vigorous toil is in all the faces except that of the younger woman who strides gallantly along with the full creels. The picture shows won- derful art which is most convincing and one feels that it is little to be wondered at that the Master chose ﬁsherl‘olk to be his disciples. so steadfast they seem to be. 232 1. PLEASING REFLECTIONS, BY WILLIAM A. KIRKPATRICK. 2. A DAUGHTER OF EVE, BY LOUISE Cox 3. PORTRAIT OF A VENETIAN GIRL, BY HOWARD EVERETT SMITH mirror of a happy little girl with gay white pompon in sort of little girl 0. Henry, only, could rightly describe. It is the only canvas shown by this artist, who was as Inust have been the original Eve with her offering of apples. As a color harmony the and ﬂowing scarf of apple green with blue border, and silver 1. Pleasing Reﬂections shows a wide and winning smile in a tale which is- told by a very narrow saucy hat and gloves that are a perfect ﬁt—the born in London, England, in 1880. 2. A Daughter of Eve is as alluring picture is well-nigh perfect~the gown of old-fashioned sprigged silk with girdle of (lull blue buckled sandalsiall of this but fit setting for the lovely face. Mrs. (10x, although these many years a New Yorker. was born in San Francisco. 3. The portrait, Venetian Girl, is that of a very graceful and gracious lady gowned in black. The background is a screen of soft old rose, and a wide girdle of green. with folded fan, give the needed color notes to this altogether charming portrait, which has been awarded a bronze Inedal. The painter was born in New Hampshire in 1885, studied among others with Howard Pyle, and won the Paige Traveling Scholarship of Boston Art Museum. 233 THE NATIVE SONG, BY JOSE MALHOA, PAINTER No reproduction, and no description, can do justice to this wonderful composition and the story that it tells of other days, in other lands, before the coarsen— ing and corroding inﬂuences shown in her surroundings had set their seal upon the woman. To forget, or to remember, to curse or to sob, seem to be some of the thoughts tormenting the scarlet—skirted wanton, whose garb and attitude express utter recklessness and abandon, with head thrown back and eyes ﬁxed on the cross, the fun, and the pictured face shown on the wall back of the singer. The picture is in the Portuguese section and won the grand prize. Seven other can— vases by the same painter are hung here. 234 . N ARABIAN SMOIxING, BY JOSE NLINES Riisickio A whole chapter of the history of the, human race seems writ in the brooding face of this old man. His robe of creamy silk and under Vestment of red with t'astenings of blue seem harmonious and appropriate; the vague, suggestion of the sea and the beyond seen through the window indicate the direction of his thoughts, perhaps. The painting is in the Portuguese section and is a winner of a bronze medal. It is one of twelve 'anvases from the brush of this artist. each one of them a hit out ol‘ real life. as though he had journeyed joyfully through the years in search of happy thoughts. The choosing 01' a picture. which is to become an intimate. personal possession and. a part of one’s home, is a serious undertaking. and the ability of an artist to catch and hold 011 'am'as a true and happy likeness heeomes ot' wurth beyond the price of 1‘t1l)i(_j Riherio, it would seem, has this quality in high degree. 235 \\ HlSlIilNG B()\, BY FRANK l)l‘\'l‘1‘\'lit‘l§, PAINTER 'l‘his pieture was awarded a special eomnlemorative medal. The subject is a brown-eyed, don’t-you-cal‘e rag—a—inutlin with a basket on his arm and a look of love in his l'aeer the sort of boy we have all known, who takes to wh'stling as naturally as a “hip-poor—Will. It was loaned by the (iineinnati Museum and is in Gallery 87. the Duveneek room. Duveneek was born in (lovington, ‘ . in 1818, and is now an instruetor in the (Iineinnati Academy of Fine Arts. He was a member of the International Jury of Awards at this linosition. His own portrait is one of the most interesting among the l'orl." 01' 11'0““ Of 1113 "“1““‘95 ‘1‘“ room contains. which include many portraits. 236 MARY MAGDALENE ANOIN'I‘ING THE FEET OF CHRIST, BY BENJAMIN \VEs'r ago. is in Gallery (it), the Historical Section, in the Palace of Fine Arts. It is a well—known masterpiece, and it but also for the harmonious richness of the coloring in the setting of the feast and the dress of those \Vest was born in Springfield, Pa., in 1728, and died in London in 1820. He is said to have taken his He was one of the founders of the Royal Academy of England in 1768, and in 1792 succeeded This painting, lent by the Art Institute 01' Chi~ holds the attention not only on account of the story it tells attendino'. It was painted more than a hundred years ago. ﬁrst lessons in the preparation of colors from the Cherokee Indians. .lnshua Reynolds, who was its ﬁrst president. 237 lUNING Ob lHE BELL, 15V \\ ALTER S. SHIRLAW, PAINTER This picture, lent by Mark S. \\'illing, lisq., shows life at one of its tense moments, even the tiny maiden awed to silence and motionle Inonious reverhe‘ation that shall say the work is at last well done. It is the sort of painting its 1)( snrh a united family: -ach showing in his own way his \‘ital interest. The artist was born in . thirty-two y -ars of age before he went abroad to study under \Vagnel‘ and Kaulbaeh in Munich. IIe \\ as one of the, ﬁrst instructors at the Art Students~ League, New York. and one of the founders and the ﬁrst pre,ident of the Society of American Artists. His honors include medal of the Royal A'adelny, Munich; hono'ahle mention. l’aris Exposition. 1889: associate member National Academy of Design of New York, 1878. and full member 1888. 238 less, awaiting the, liar— "essor would ﬁnd constant and incr‘aslng joy In: it shows c)‘, Scolland, in 1833, and died In Madrld in 1900. He was CROSSROADS—RAVENROCK, BY WILL J. HYE'I‘T It is impossible to convey an adequate idea in a photograph of this delightful study in Summer, and description is dillieult. The lush green of the trees that emhower the old farmhouse, the dust that one senses 'ather than sees, in the roadway with its border of rioting weeds and grasses, and the contrast between the glorious sunshine and comfortable shade make it very evident that the man who painted it was right there, at high noon on a June day, and that he appreciates a home when he discovers one, for honleliness is its dominant Characteristic, as though peace had here an abiding place. It is the sort of picture that puts one in a friendly 1"anle of mind with the whole world and all in it. It was awarded a bronze medal. Hyett was born ill (lheltenhain, England, in 1876. 239 THE ROAD TO THE VILLAGE, BY EDWARD W. REDIFIlCIJ), AR'ris'r This canvas was lent hy the Cincinnati Museum Association. Redﬁeld was a member of the International Jur of Awards of the Exposition, so the picture was not eligible to awards. It shows a peaceful old farmhouse nestled comfortably back of sheltering evergreens. Trees, hare of foliage, border the, roadway and show gaunt and lonely against the winter-cl *ar sky. Snow covers everything, pure and unsullied in the fields, but sadly contaminated where passing wheels have fared along to the Village. 0110 marvels at the way this artist piles on the paint to get his etl‘ects, but get them he does, and they are always such‘ as emphas’., our content with this best of all pos. ble worlds, particularly when we come upon one of them when out of humor with the world or some one. in it. It is one of twenty—one 'am' e. in the, Itedﬁeld room. The artist was born in Bridgeville, Del., in 18138, has won much honor and many medals, and is one of the best beloved of American art . . 240 THE COMING ()F 'l‘HE LINE S The Oily surge and smother ol' the threatening sea outside the bar, land rising sheer from the water interest. The painter must have, known and loved it as truly as he loves have an ocean in his soul.” es by this artist, placed in the same gallery, but after loiter— ing With them a Whlle one is inclined to agree with the jury which chose this one for a silver medal. 'l‘ORM, BY FREDERICK J. \VAUi;H,PAiN'i‘ER with dull clouds overhanging, and the rush of the breaking surf in front of the rocky head- and showing creamy white in the distance and weather-browned and seamed in the foreground, make this a picture of absorbing and serves his art. It recalls the Autocrat’s claim that “to paint the sea, a man must It must have been dillieult to choose between this and two other pictur \\'aiigh was born in Bordentown, N. .I., in 1861. Among his many honors is that of a gold medal at Buenos Aires in 1910. 241 aux i , 1;, vary...” ”a"; m 1.»... 4 MAR» § “I ..§i t ‘9. 8 i; PX! ’ “’1': #28:! BLUE DEPTHS—CARMEL, By WILLIAM RI'J'SCHEL TI is is one 01' ﬁve 50' scapes exhibited by this artist, all hung in Gallo) 68. Each one i h a gem that one wonde“ how the Jury ( ‘ v 'Irds was able to (lCL‘idl' upon this one ior the gold medal it received. Every one has the surge of the surf the heart-beat of Mother Nature in it, whether it be in the shadows arMontt-rey or the unshin‘ at rnlel. This great rock. with arched opening pierced through by the tides 01' centuries, .urroumted by waters in which every eon— eelvahle tone 01‘ blue is slum n, even e green-blue of the depths. Ritschel was born in Xurnhurg in 1864, having li\(d in Amer . 189.). 242 ~ fatnwmﬂmst “we; ‘(b‘v - THE COMING STORM, BY WINsLow HOMER, AR'rIs'r “The Coming Storm,” lent by the Lotus Club of New York, has dense, low-hanging clouds, along the rims of which the lightning glow‘ and in the background a most remarkable effect of approaching misty, rushing ‘ain which has not yet reached the two women, laden with their fishing gear. toiling up the rough ledges of the shore. The hush that precedes a hurricane is seen in the lazy wavelets that do not yet otter serious romonstrance to the approach of the little boat running in to shelter. The picture is one of fourteen can 'ases of \Vinslow Homer exhibited at the Exposition. This painter has a long list of honors to his credit, begin- ning with gold medal at the VV'orld’s Columbian Fair in Chicago in 1893, and closing with a gold medal at the Louisiana Purchase Exposition at St. Louis in 190-1. He was born in Boston in 1836 and died in 1910, and is said to have been mainly self-taught in his art. 243 SUMMER EVENING, BY EDWARD DUF ER Dusk, with a silvery moon mounting back of the trees, with the enticing shimmer of the old swimming hole to lure. nymphs to bathe in it, make up_this very delightful little picture. The figures are graceful, gracious, and careless even to their scant drapery, but it is the coloring that charms the most, for it Is mellow and harmonious like a Persian rug in which the coloring has been enriched by years of prayer. Edward Dut‘ner, the artist, was born in Buffalo, N. Y., in 1872. He studied with \Yhistler and with Laurens, which perhaps explains in part his mastery of color. His list of honors, medals, and prizes 1s a very long one, begin- ning with the ﬁrst \\'unanmker prize in 1899. 244 This little a \\'ith the last rays from the setting sun lighting the rocky headlands above their dark pipings of Pan, are about [0 come dancing down the trail of gold along the, tumbling water. In it, too, there seems to he expressed that ‘ New York in 1856, won hono‘ SPIRITS 01“ T1119 TWILIGHT, 1;\' HOWARD thssicm, liL'i'HCR 'an\'as has haunting quality as elusive and yet insistent as remembered 1nusie~~say. ening forest home, if you will, a (Ihupin Prelude played by de ’aclnnann. the, Spirits of the Twilight, hand in hand, lured by the The picture is as satisfying as the happy conclusion of a fairy story. ‘All’s well” feeling that belongs to twilight. It is winner of a silver medal at this I’xposition. able mention in the Paris Salon in 1886, and medals at the Expositions at Atlanta, Buﬂ‘alo, and St. Louis. 245 Butler was born in YOUTH, BY FREDERICK CARL FRIESCKE This painting depends for much of its charm upon the expression of the faces—that of the visitor demure and a bit downcast, while the face in the mirror reﬂects the pure joy of merely being alive and young, with no more serious trouble than the proper'adjustment of the head-dress, with hands, by the way, that are most exquisite. There is a suggestion of youth in everything; the Chintz covered chairs, the pinks dropped -arelessly into the litter of crystal and silver on . mg stand, and even the morning glory pattern of the wall paper. The picture won a grand prize at this Exposition. It is one of eight canvases exhibited from the brusi of this artist, who was born in ()wosso, Mieh., in 1874, and studied in Paris with Constant, Laurens, and \Vhistler. The long list of his honors begins with a silver medal at St. Louis in 1901, and includes a Temple Gold Medal, Philadelphia Academy of Fine Arts, in 1913. 246 ; ( MATERNITY, 1z\‘ GARI MELCHERS, l’AIx'l‘rR A picture of a perfect moment in lil'e’s summertime, with the “love that makes the world go round“ shown in the face of the happy mother. Like most of his pielures hung here it is a riot of color. Various shades 01' lilac and lavender are used in the blouse, with its bodice of while. The blooms in the arbor baek- ground, [he homely element contributed by the apple, luncheon, and the sturdy baby with one dimpled foot hare, just ready to leave for slumberlaud, make this one 01' the, most charming in :1 gallery which contains twruly—onc 'anvases of this artist. Melehers was born ill Detroit in 1860 and has been the winner of more lhan the usual number of honors. 247 )‘Q‘O‘bﬁﬁ $02 292929 gt § § l ’y r ‘ vaVEv~>-v er”. MX’ FAMILY, BY EDMUND C. '1 ARBELL This is one of twenty canvases in the, "arbell room, sixteen of which bear the signiﬁcant “Lent by” in the -atalogue which indi Hates the popularity of this artist who was born in West (Iroton, ., in 1862, and who was instructor in the School of Drawing and Painting at the Boston Museum from 1889 to 1912. He was member of the International Jury of Awards at this Exposition and his list of honors, medals, and fellowships “a long one. Thi, picture is light, bright. and homelike, showing a bungalow interior with a charming debutante daughter, a model of industry, as the, impressive central ﬁgure in a family to be proud of. All the little intimate tender touches of detail reveal it as a cross section out of real life. 248 \V’L)l\‘IAN WITH THE \V’Hl'l‘E SHAWL, By WILLIAM M. Cults»: The picture shows the perfect and abiding v there can be in a true presentation of simple themes in the \\ ' this master understands. The sweetm face, with parted hair arranged in ancient fat is arresting, but there also comes a sense 01' complete satis letion with color. drapery, and pose t ( sure, and abiding as that which comes from he¢ mg a Beethoven sonata lured, and the genius for portraying them, are left to us, we need not t'ear#for “goodness thirty-two canvases 01' his own selection exhibited by this l'aultlessly played, and the conviction possesses one that while women like the one p ' and mercy shall follow them all the days of their life.” It is one of artist in the Chase room, in which the visitor will linger long in delight. 249 SIClAli—P0R'l‘lx’Al'l', m WILLIAM M. (‘nAsic 'l'his portrays the eminent painter and very kindly gentleman who was a member of the International Jury of Awards at the l‘anama—l’ae’ ‘e lntm‘nailonal Exposition. lle \\ s born at Franklin. 1nd,. in 1815) and has long,r been a dominant figure among Ameriezln artists. The list of his honors begins With a medal at the (Ienlennial Exposition in Philadelphia in 1870 and includes neurl ' every Exposition held sinee~gold medals at Paris in 1900. at 131111an in 1001, at Charleston In 1002. and grand prize at Buenos Aires in 1010. besides \‘ery many speeial gold medals and prizes. 251) YOUNG MOTHER. BY MARY CLTR'rIs RICHARDSON This picture, awarded a silver medal. is one of four exhibited by this artist, who was born in New York in 18-[8 and was winner of the Norman Dodge prize of the National Academy of Design in 1887. It shows a young, lovely, and gracious mother reclining on a couch, at play with her mest ado ‘ahle baby. Au Inter— lude it might be called. Home, harmony, happinessipast, present, and futureiiall these merged in one perfect hour, the face of the worshipping woman as care—free as that of the little one. Surely the artist must be a veritable spendthrift of joy is the way one feels coming upon this presentment of the love which makes the world go round. 251 ”a...” . . .. ”—- - ~sqwm—mew w, ,.,,.._ “r E g E ‘E i E i i‘ i E g .‘n~-w w-ﬂw‘r - PANORAMIC VIEW OF THE PALACE OF FINE ARTS AT THE PANAMA V fig 5%“? IE ARTS AT THE PANAMA-PACIFIC INTERNATIONAL EXPOSITION t is I I'll) l’lCNANClC ()F ELEANOR. DLCIlluSS ()F GLOCICS'I‘ICR, m EDWIN AL'S’I‘IN ABBEY Eleanor (Iobhani, wife of Humphrey, Duke of Glocester, died 1113. She was accused of “conspiring to kill the King by magic” because of her friendship with Bolinbroke. \\'ho professed to be a master of Blaek Art. For penance she had to walk barefoot through the ma 'ket place for three days, e; Tying a lighted taper. And they all condemn her. Although every “ss of citizen is represented, all the faces wear the same expre ion at her humiliation. It Is one of those compo— sitions Abbey seems master of, in \\'lllL‘ll even line helps tell the story. In this the face of the penitent is marvelous in its expression of submission to authority 'l‘\\'ent_\'—t\\'o canvases of this artist are on exhibition. The artist, born in Philadelphia in 1852, is so well known that further notes seem and a quenchless pride. superﬂuous. 254 GLADSTUNE AT HAWARDEN, BY JOHN MeLL‘RE HAMILTON This portrait of England‘s “grand old man” shows him in his study, which is just a bit cluttered, as a comfortable study ought to be. An inviting lounge chair covered in old brocade crowds up to the table, and a hint of a peaceful surrounding lands 'ape is seen outside the window through which a ﬂood of summer light pours in, silvering everything and making mellow and glorious life’s afternoon. The picture is one, of some thirty—ﬁve canvases displayed by this artist, who wzs born in Philadelphia in 1853 but who has lived in London since 1878. This “one-man-room” arrangement, whereby the artist arranges at will his own selection, is most fascinating, for one seems to come into an intimacy with the artist and to learn something of his views of life and the world. 255 SPANISH COURTYARD, BY JOHN SINGER SARGEN'I' It may have been the varied types assembled, or it may have been the color symphony, or the sunlight which ﬂoods and gloriﬁes i.t' 01'_ all these together, which moved the artist to make a picture of this bit of life. Then: is no other canvas more delightful in this collection ﬁlling a charming little gallery, which eontains those faiivases their ereator likes best and chose for this display. Sargent possesses, in addition to mastery of his art, a measure of that guality which Aboudlen Adhem “lead all the rest,” for otherwise he could not so surely win us to love those he has chosen to make immortal for us. This eanyas was Louis B. McCafg, lisq. Sargent was born in Florenee in 1856. The list of his honors begins with honorable mention in the Paris Salon of 18/8 and includes France, 1889; oﬂicer, 1897; order of merit, Germany, 1909. 256 made, lent l) Chevalier of the, Legion of Honor, THE STAMPEDE, BY WILLIAM ROBINSON LEIGH This canvas is richly reminiscent of the long ago in its herd of Texas Longhorns, and arresting in the expression of grim cou'age on the face of the rider who wields his quirt in an endeavor to get ahead, even abandoning his luckiess companion whose horse has taken a badger hole, for in a case like this the riders must circle and “get them to milling”—that is, doubling back on their own trail. The picture is spirited and true and 01‘ the sort to make a lover of action sing “Praise be!" Leigh was born in \Vest Virginia in 1866, and his honors have been many, beginning with honorable mention in the Paris Salon of 1892. 257 THE SIESTA, BY FRANKLIN W. Rooms This is a fair and faithful portrait of four hounds, asleep or nodding, and very plainly dreaming of a wearying chase not long past. They are grouped beneath an open window beside ’a sunny wall and an impression of sunshine, peace, and content is all pervasive. Man’s best friend is seen at hls best, hav1ng been treated by one who understands not only the manipulation of the tools of his craft and all the secrets of light and shade and how to fasten them on can— vas, but also the possibilities of the animal actors in this great play of life. The picture is the only canvas exhibited from the brush of this artist, who was born in Cambridge, Mass., in 1854. 2S8 BROTHER ANl) SISTER, POR'l‘RAI’l‘, BY M. JEAN McLANE Awarded a silver medal at this Exposition. This is just a picture of a pair of charmil sympathize with this method of diverting them from the joyful employ are. This picture, awarded a silver medal, was lent by Arthur H. MacKie; and studied under Duveneek and (Ihasa Her long list of honors begins with a bronze medal Buenos Aires in 1910 and many special prizes, among them the, Julia A. Shaw prize, National Ar 01' Fine, Arts, in 1913. 1g children who, if one may judge, from their expression, do not particularly of just being alive, although the, boy seems inclined to make the best of things as they it is one of three canvases exhibited by this artist, who was born in Chi-ago in 1878 at the St. Louis Exposition in 1904, and ineludes silver medal at adeniy of Design, 1912, and the Lippincott, Philadelphia A'ademy 259 gvauézvzrmcm ”V ,, MAYFLOWERS, BY LOUISE COX This picture shows a little maid, perhaps about seven and as dainty as the buds of apple blossoms at which she gazes with eyes as blue as the robe she wears beneath an overslip of white. Everything here happens in harmonygthe blue cushion and the dusky interior back of the silver vase of ﬂowers, which is exactly what is needed to accent the expression) of wonder or mystery on the serious, Winsome little face. The artist possesses that “infinite capacity for taking pains” which has been given as a deﬁnition for genius, and to be able to portray most convincingly gladness and youth. The artist was Louise Howland King before her marriage to Kenyon Cox, with whom she, studied. 360 PROXIMUS 'I‘U US, BY Acaniii ”(ms-1 It is one of those compelling creations which grip the hcholdcr so that he must read into it his own interpre- ‘ that one of his children who labors and is heavy lath-n,“ for although This white marble is in the Italian section. tation. The name the sculptor gives it might be translated into “close to the heart of God Is every line of the ﬁgure suggests Wcarincss without hope. and although age has set its mark upon the insullicicntiy nourished hotly, there is no possibility o1 doubt as to his steadfast faith in the capacity of good Mother liarth to give comfort and rest. \ththcr this was inspi‘ation for the “Man with the IIoc" or whether the poem animated mallet and chisel of the sculptor, there seems an intimate relation between the two. 261 THE PEACEMAKER, BY ERNEST L. BLUMENSCHEIN The picture itself tells the story~how the mind of man may, and indeed docs, resist the exhortation of the adult but is not proof agziinst the tug.at the heart- strings which is made by the little unconscious peacemaker, with troubled eyes, for whom even tr tasured how is void of consolation In this tragic time. The dress and bonnets are those of the Sioux tribe and the mystery of the shimmering, opalescent colors in the desert setting seems to ﬁnd reﬂeetlon 1n the broodlng, mystic faces, particularly that of the central figure. The picture is winner of a silver medal. The artist, Ernest L. Blumenschein, born in Pittsburg m 1874, was winner of the Beck prize at Philadelphia in 1909 and of many later honors. 262 17 GARTH; 2, AIR; 3. FIRE; 4, WATER, ROBERT l. AI'I‘KENy Sk‘l'l.l"l'1_)l< At the level of descent, these titanic figures in horizontal composition, symbolic of the Four Elements, are placed at the east and west \es of the Sunken Gardens. Few of the Exposition groups have won wider popularity. Air. with her doves. at the upper left; Water, upper right; Fire, at the left in the lower row, and Earth at the lower right. are all in character. These ﬁgures are all located in the Court of the Universe. 263 i BEAUTY AND THE BEAST, EDGAR WALTER, SCULP'I‘OR _This fountain is placed in the Court of Flowers. A graceful woman in careless pose, which with the attendant Beast is the central ﬁgure, and the nymphs WhlL‘h support the basin all convey an airy, fairy story impression, to which emphasis is added by the frieze around the basin of lions, tigers and monkeys, though the latter are probably borrowed from Oriental fairy tales. THE FOUNTAIN OF El. DORADO, MRS. HARRY PAYNE WHITNEY, SCULPTOR. THE FOUNTAIN OF YOUTH, Mas. EDITH Woo»— MAN BURROUGHS, SCULPTOR In niches beside the Tower gate these mural fountains will be found. The upper picture is that in the west niche. According to the legend, El Dorado was the god of the Aztecs, so radiant that the sun was used to veil his face. The fountain shows blossom embowcred portals to the abode of the god guarded by celes- tial beings against the onrushing procession of humanity that ever makes El Dorado its goal. A wealth of understanding of human nature is displayed in the processions of ﬁgures, each of which is a distinct type—hurrying, jostling, fainting or lagging along. The central figure in the Fountain of Youth in the, east niche is that of a young girl standing among primroses, which seem to spring from dimly outlined faces and uplifted hands of father and mother, these forming the pedestal. Side panels in low relief of wistful old, old people in boats manned by chubby children, complete the composition. 26S ly PHILOSOPHER; 2, PRIEST; 3, SOLDIER; 4, ADVENTURER, JOHN FLANAGANy SCULPTOR Philosopher and Priest, two of four ty es chosen by John Flanagan as dominating inﬂuences in our civilization, are spaced alternately around the, lower level of the Tower of Jewels. As a “Sonnon in Jone" on the simplicity and serenity of all true greatness, they are most appropriate to this tune and place. 206 THE ARMORED HORSEMAN, F. M. L. 'l‘ONE'r'rl, SCULPTOR Soldier and Adventurer, two of the figures created by John Flanagan for the Tower of Jewels, and used in alternation with his Philosopher and l’riest shown on this face page. The central ﬁgure is the Armored Horseman by F. M. L. Tonetti. He is equipped as u crusader, a reminder, perhaps, of those who ﬁrst adven- tured to ﬁnd this Isthmian “'ay to new empire which the Panama Canal establishes. 267 'l‘IllC COLUMN ()F PROGRESS, HERMAN A. MACNEIL, lsnxmm KON'L'I, Summons The ventral panel shows the (Iolninn of Progress. the Tower of Jewels to the South. An useending spiral of ships in low relief leads up from the marvelous bus-relief panels of Konti to the lmse on whieh )IneNeil’s beautiful ﬁnial is set, 160 feet from the lmse. To the, right the Adventurous Bowman and its supporting frieze of the Burden Bearers an enlarged \'l(‘\\' of this MaeNeil ereution, is pictured. The Star on the left, A. Stirling Calder, sculptor, is placed above eolonnades of the Court of the [‘niverse and its extension. 308 RELIEF PANELS AT THE BASE OF THE COLUMN OF PROGRESS, ISIDORE KON'rI, SCULP'I'OR There is nothing at the Exposition more beautiful than these panels which tell a four—fold story of man’s spiritual evolution, struggle, sacriﬁce, deathless purposes to press on, and ﬁnally achievement and joy. It is as though he symbolized Matthew Arnold’s “\Vhat good gifts have we but they came through strife, and toil, and loving sacriﬁce.” Isidore Konti, born in Vienna. in 1862, has been a. contributor to Exposition seulpture at Chicago, 1893; Buffalo, St. Louis, 1904, and the Panama—Paciﬁc International Exposition. His studio is 15-1 \Vest 55th Street, New York. 36‘) I. THE RISING SUN; ? 'I‘HE SETTING SUN, ADOLPH ALEX. WEINMANN. ScULPTOR, OF NEW YORK Fountains of the Rising Sun and the tting sun are main sources of light in the sunken gardens of the, great central Court of the Universe. The ﬁgure at the top of the column of the Ri in; Sun that of a ‘ yous youth a-tiptoe, ready to commence his morning ﬂight, and the frieze at the base has exquisite pre- sentments of pie ire and vanity in an eager round of pun 't of one another. The, Setting Sunwcalled also bv its creator De nding Nightiis a gracious woman‘s iigure i .t alighting. the brooding face and folding wings more. than suggestive of dusk and starlight. At the base of “11, column 15 a pro ,. n of ‘ ' rein . ()1 . group in which attendant figure lrop the curtain of night over the mother who hu -s her babe. i‘ of unusual beau . (A leruh “'1 athed in hem ‘ garlands surround the base on w 1c.h the figures rest, and from these descending strean of water ' t '0 directed that the3 overlap in two directions. producing a novel cil‘cct of chained, or braided, waters, which reﬂect the lights much as jewels do. 270 teal .— of) 1, PIRATE; 2, CUNQUIS'I‘ADOR7 ALLEN NEWMAN, SCULP'I‘OR. 3, THE MINER, ALBERT WEINER'I‘, SCULP'I‘OR ate on the left, are the work of Allen Newman for niches in the north fa -ado of palaces in the main 'l‘hv Conquistador in the center of the picture, and the Fir group. The Minor, by Albert \Ycinort, is on the cast facade. ’l‘HE GENIUS ()F CREATION, DANIEL CHESTER FRENCH, SCULP'l‘OR The Genius of Creation in the, center of the picture is placed in the west plaza opposite the main entrance to the Palace of Machinery. . Supporting figures of man and woman. listening and obedient, are held in thrall by the majestic ﬁgure, veiled, shrouded and compelling, with “wings of the Sgll‘lt to give balance to the composition,” its creator has said. Spandrels representing the powers, the work of Haig Patigian, which are shown, are placed a ovc the arches 1n the vestibule and over minor doorwa " of this palace. Daniel Chester French. the most, successful, best loved and honored of American sculptors, was born in Exeter, IL, in 1350. He is now a resident of New York. 272 FRIEZES AT BASE OF COLUMNS The friezes at base of columns surrounding the vestibule of the Palace of Machinery are by Haig Patigian, who created all the decorative sculpture of this the greatest in size of the Exposition palaces. In every case he has idealized some “power.” The two ﬁgures shown in the central panel, placed alternately with those at left and right in the upper row, suggest the close relation between dreams and deeds, inspiration and accomplishment. At the right in the lower row is shown the frieze at base of the column which supports the Rising Sun in the fountain by Adolph A. \Veinmann which is placed at the east end of the sunken garden in the Court of the Universe. Vanity, a triumphant winged ﬁgure, is dominant in this procession, which includes ﬁgures symbolizing the full circle of the ambitions and purposes that animate the dawn of life. In the panel on the lower left, which is from the frieze to column which supports the beautiful ﬁgure of the Setting Sun, at the opposite end 'of the garden, is shown the fall 01' the peaceful drapery of descending night, to ent‘old mother and babe. In all the ﬁgures of this composition \Veinmann has typiﬁed repose and peace. 273 n-.-, l’oui‘ and west vestibule. S'l‘A'l‘lEARY UPON THE PALACE 0F MACHINERY—l, lCLECl‘RlCl'l‘Y; 2, STEAM, HAM: PA'l‘IUIAN, SCULl’l‘UR l’mwrs, l-llvclricity, Sit'éllll. Invention. and Inmgination, are used alternately on columns which surround the Palm-L- of Machinery upon tln: nortln'south fzutmlvs. 'l‘lu-y an» urmllons 01‘ lluig Putiguin of San anmsco, who also (lCSIgned {he spandrols and the friezes at the base 01' supporting columns 111 the 274 S'I‘A'I‘UARY UPON THE PALACE 0F MACHINI‘IRY#3, lN ENTIUN ; 4, IMAGINA’I‘IUN. 11w; PA'I'IHHN. SVUM’IHR All the (levorzltivn 5 ulpturo upon the Palace of Muchinr-l'y ty "lies sum? form 01' powm‘ applied to mechanism. The sculptor. l’utigizm. nlsn symlmli M wonderfully comprchcn way {111‘ results 01‘ prophetic inmgou 1n the human mind, followed by invention and wldosp cad zlpplicu on In the mcclnln Ldl 1. SPRING: 2. SUMMER. Fumo PICL‘IRILLI, SCULP'I‘OR ln niehes formed by partitioning eulonnades at the corners of the Court 01 Four Seasons the, western link in the chain of courts are mural fountains, of tho seasons, by Furio l’ieeirilli. Spring, a joyful eentral figure—An'ith an attendant maiden bowed under a wealth of wreaths and garlands of spring ﬂowersfhas only a ‘areless backward glance for her wooer, probably the South \Viud. Summer isomehow carrying a haunting suggestion of “'att’s painting, “Love and Life,” has for its central theme father—mother—ehild, with supporting ﬁgure of a toiler. sheaves of grain forming a background. 270 l, AUTUMN; 2, WINTER, limo l’let‘mimi. SCL’LPTOR Autumn has for its central figure a voluptuous female ﬁgure in a pOse of singular grace, and strength, bearing a jug of wine, the attendant ﬁgures heing typical of the richness of earth’s bounty and life’s rewards. Undoubtedly the most appealing of these groups is that of \\'inter, stark, lone, with desolation writ in every line of the ﬁgure on the left, his head bowed on his useless shovel. Resistance to hard l'ortune is suggested in the figure on the right, and there is no hint of hope, except in patient waiting. which seems indicated by the hushed. brooding central figure. 277 1. SL'NSIIIN If; 2. HARVEST; 3. RAIN. A\1,m;1< 1* j AEUICRS. SL‘L'LI’TUR 'l'hrsv down-Mp the hull' dump on the south side 01' the (Iourt 01' tho Four Seasons. The large group in the cvntcr has plzlc- above the arch, and tho figures arr sot on thv grunt columns whivh thunk it. .lan'gvl‘s‘ svll‘—t21u;zht in art. was :1 mmlributm‘ to the Buffalo and the St. Louis Expositions. He wus (‘UIIIIIHSSiUIlHd hy {hu 1‘, S, (im’m'nhmnt 11) (‘I‘OL'I 1111* 12mm V011 Stvuhon Statue 1111*“llshingtun. and has uthcx' notable LU‘hiBVL‘INE‘IIIS to his vrwht. ”V was horn in (lm’muny in INGS, and his studios are at Slll’fel'n, N. Y. 278 1, ABUNILXNCIC; 3. TRIUMPH ()1? THE FIELD. CHARLES R. HARLEY, ScL‘Ir‘I‘QR The half dome of Vigor in the west facade of the Palace of Food Products is shown in the center of the picture. llzuliul coll'ers beneath the arch nt'l'ord om of the most béuutiful exemplars ol' the Exposition color scheme. 'l‘o right and left are shown the groups 01' urcha‘ologicnl sculpture by Hurley which are plncea in the niches of this west facade» 1\l)undunce surrounded by all the symbols of plenty, and Triumph of the Fields in which the sculptor has employed symbols which were used in processions celebrating the harvest in ancient days, among them being the (leltie cross and various animals, :1 mm wheel forming the hack— ground. 279 l)l‘)'l‘l\lllS 01“ THIS FOUNTAIN 01“ THE EARTH, Ron'l'. I. Al'l‘KlCN, Lower right. the first of the panels telling the story of life, shows a central Vanity with her mirror, which Mr. Aitken says “symbolizes a compelling motive in human endeavor“ in the same panel being primitive man and woman. Next—~upper leftﬁeoines Natural Selection, physical and mental perfection shown in the eentral man‘s tigure uiu-ouseiously attracting the two women. thus arousing antagonism. In the upper right Survival of the Fittest is symbolized, and at the lower left the Lesson of Life. Helios, in the center of the page, is placed against the parapet at the. end of the, basin some sixty feet from the main structure. Above it is the proeession typil'ying the dawn of life. Beneath. the procession of ﬁgures ineludes Greed, the Patriarch, Faith, Sorrow, and Sleep. SCULP'l‘OR 280 DE l‘AlII p [ULRES ()l,‘ l‘HlC l‘()UN I‘AIN ()l’ ENERGL A. STIRLING L‘Almca. ScrLr'roR In the basin of the fountain groups typii'ying the Atlantic and I’aeiﬂe ()emns amt of North and South S‘as are plaeed. At upper left in the picture the North Atlantic is represented as an Eskimo riding a Walrus, ready to spear his enemy. The upper right is that ol' the Pacific ()e n. The lower lel't. the North Sea. and the lower right, the Indian Ocean. Thes ' all convey a very definite iinpre on of movement, of swell and surge, ebb and llow. Nereids, three at each eorner ol' the basin. in diiTerent positions, suggest joyt'ulness. \\'ith the giant figures WillLll support the globe. the fountain includes about thirty ﬁgures The central ﬁgure )Ir. (lalder has himself described as “Energy, the Conqueror ol' the Momentiilinergy, the Conqueror of All Momentsiil‘lnergy, the Victor of the Lallal.“ Mr. Calder, acting: chief of the Department of Sculpture for the Exposition, horn in Philadelphia, INTO. winner of many medals, mueh honor, mention. and a recognized master in his profession, has been a contributor to the seulpture, at the Buffalo and St. Louis Expositions 281 ;\ l’RllCS'l‘lCSS ()l“ (,‘lII/I‘URIC, HERBERT ADAMS, SCULPTOR The ventral figure 4m this page is placed on top 01‘ enlunnis within the rotunda to the Palace of l’ine Arts. this gracious figure. “ith folded wings. hearing the symbols of abundance. 'l‘o left and right are sculptures mist. by .\ltiliu l’ieeirilli. un the right. and on the left Muse Finding lleild of Orpheus. by Edward Bei-ge. llt'l'lll‘l‘t Adams. horn in Vermont in 155‘, has been :1 ('mitrihutm' to Exposition sculpture at Chieugo (1803), Paris 111mm, and St. lmuis (1mm, in 2111 01' whieh he won awards and honors, and San Franeiseo (1915). Dignity, repose and emnmund are. suggested in ~21t2110gued in the loan exhibit collection. An Out- 282 ’l‘HE FAIRY, CARL URUPPE, SeULr‘l‘OR To the left is one of the Italian towers above the entrance to colonnadcs which surround the Court of Flowers, and in the foreground is seen the yellow tulips and scarlet anemones forming a rich carpet that has a deep border of dark green prostrate juniper and the ﬂowering shrubs which are arranged in beautiful ig'llfullmg-l' To the right is the Fairy, the work 01' Carl Gruppe, which is placed on top of these towers where, with the night sky for background, it ill)p‘,lll‘5 of elf- 1 e ove mess. 283 9-- v. -_ l)l{('(>l{l\'l‘l\'li Ht'lll’ll'RlC FUR li‘lCS'l‘lYAli llAlilh Sinckkt 1‘). I’m. Set'LP'I'HR. ()1: Ni:\\' Yum; At the uppe' left in the piettn‘e is the figure plueed beside the western linuint enti‘unee to of Paris. “Uhl’l‘l l’ui'qnni‘ nt' [.05 Angeles being the zu'ehiteet. 'l‘u the right the 1 ﬁgure (if I'll]! whieh is. employed in enriehlnent of the west t'uende. them ix shnnn the Iwnntil'nl e' the) iinliezitu ix _\et tn ltl‘ inm this building, which resembles zn'ehiteelui'nl1y the igni'e wllieh sux'nwunts the corner domes is s lleluw are shown the reelining lig I‘tnuehe repented sew-ml times about this building. The tigures suppol' ”it'd. Slim-r} l-‘i'y. medalist :it l'itl'lS Sulun. 1307‘ Theatre Beaux Arts hown, between them being the joyl‘ul ures fur pylons rlmeehus and the Reclining \\'<)nmn. Between ting the serull zn‘e lmth gl'ueious :nnl grneet‘ul, and the sernll. wlmse Work is well known M'ei-ywliei'e. was burn in Iowa in INTEL 284 i i; a: , z NOTABLE PIECES OF SCULPTURE AT THE EXPOSITTON In the central strip the three above are panels of Bruno Louis Zimm, used above the ental)lature of the rotunda to the Palace of Fine Arts. They tell the story of the struggle necessary to attainment of ideals achievement in Art. Below them is Caesar Stea’s panel used in the Palace of Education. The lower right corner has two of Paul Manship’s groups in the Court of the Universe, Festivity and Music, immediately above, these being Mahonri Young’s panel used on the Palaces of Liberal Arts and Education, and at the, top the tympanum, by Ralph Stackpolc, of the Inain doorway in the south facade of the Palace 01' Varied Industries. The left panel, reading from the top, has the tynipanum by Charles Peters over the Palace of Education doorway, and below it a panel by this sculptor. also used on the, Palace of Education. To the right is a decorative figure, by Jaegers used in the Court of the Four Seasons, and to the left is Earl Cummings’s Vigor used in the half dome in the west facade of the Palace of Food Products. 285 St'l‘lil’l‘lfRAli FIGURES A'l‘ 'l'HlC EXPUSITIUN Reading from left to right \\ill he, found in the, upper row: 1. Fountain. in white marble, ]) placed close to the main entrance from the cast to the Palace of Fine Arts. 2. Slm‘e Girl in chains of ﬂowers, by A. Stirling Calder, used in niches of the (Iourt 0f Flowers. 3. Beauty and the Beast iinial figure, of lidgal‘ \\:lltcr‘s fountain in the (hurt 01' Flowers. 1, Figure in attic, rotunda to Palace of Fine Arts, L‘Iriu H. lillcrhusen. Lower tier from left to right: 1. Victory. used on "‘ll)l('S 01' all palaces in the y )Irs. Harry Payne \Vhitney, loaned by her to the Exposition and _ . . . ‘ ‘ a. . main group, the, Work of Louis L'Irick. 2, The Angel of Peace, by Leo l‘entclli. used on trnnnphal arches oi lhslng Sun and Settling Sun facing the Court of the Universe, at this time and in this place strmiglv suggestive of Longfel- low‘s legend of “Sandalphon.” 2E. The \Vave. by Loredo Taft. on the marge of the Fine Arts Lagoon; this belongs to the Art Exhibit cdllection. 4. The MOUNT of 'l‘omorro“. hy A. Stirling (lalder, the central figure, in the great group, Nations 01' the \VCst, placed above the Arch of the Setting Sun. 5, The Mermaid, by Arthur I’utnan). in the long pools at cast and West ends of the South Gardens. 286 ‘s it) EXHIBIT ()F SCULPTURE, FINE ARTS DEPARTMENT The picture in the middle of the lower row shows the frieze around ﬂower boxes at base of columns supporting the rotunda to the Palace of Fine Arts. The other pictures on the page are bits of the exhibit of sculpture einbowered beneath the open colonnades 01' so placed that the lagoon mirrors the design. By day— light, night light or moonlight this section of the Exposition well repays the thoughtful one who would become familiar with the beautiful details of the exquiSite ensemble. In the upper row from left to right: 1, Diana, Janette Scudder. 2, Portrait of a Boy, Albin Polasek. 3, \Vild Flower, Edward .Berge. 4, Saki: A Sun Dial, Harriet \V. Frischmuth. 5, Boyhood, Charles Cary Ruinsey. 6, The Awakening, Lindsey Morris Sterling. In the lower row: 7,‘ Sun Dial Boy, Gail Sher- man Corbett. 8, Garden Figure, Edith \Voodman Burroughs; lllC central ﬂower box detail of Fine Arts Palace described above. 9, Soldier of Marathon, Paul Noquot. 10, Bird Fountain, Caroline Everett Risque. 287 ~v--‘~r:— ‘— Wu S'I‘A'I'UI‘IS ()l’ ICMI; ENT AMERICANS ABOUT THE PALACE OF FINE ARTS In the upper row from left to right: 1, John Barry, John J. Boyle. 2, Halsey C. Ives, Victor S. Holm. bctt. 4, William Howard Taft, Robert I. Aitken. :3, The, Young Franklin, Robert Tait McKenzie. Adams. 7. Henry Ward Beecher, John Quincy Adams Ward. 8, Lincoln, seated, Augustus Saint G ant. Herbert Adams. 3, Kirkpatrick Memorial Fountain. Gail Sherman Cor- In the, lower row, left to right: 6, Chief Justice_M_arsliall, Herbert audcns. 9, Thomas Jefferson, Karl Bitter. 10, “111mm Cullen Br}— “~W. 288 SCULPTURE ABOUT THE PALACE OF FINE ARTS In the upper row from left to right: 1. Returning from the Hunt, John J. Buin. 2, Primitive Man, Olga Popotf Muller. 3, Diana, Haig Patigiun. 4, Apollo Hunting, Haig Patigian. 5, Michael Angelo, Robert I. Aitken. 6, The Maiden of the Roman Campagna, Albin Polasek. The lower from left to right: 7, The Scalp, Edward Berge. 8, Youth, Victor 1). Salvatore. 9, Centaur, Olga Popotf Muller. 10, Princeton Student, Daniel Chester French. 11, Beyond, Chester Beach. 12, A Faun’s Toilet, Attilio Piceirilli. 289 SCULPTURE ABOUT THE PALACE OF FINE ARTS In the upper row from left to right are: 1, Prima Mater, Victor S. Holm. 2, L’Amore, Evelyn Beatrice Longman. rilli. 4, Nymph, Edmond T. Irwin. 5, Eurydice, Furio Piccirilli. Warner. S, The Sower, Alhin Polasek. 9, Rock and Flower Group, In the lower row, left to right: Anna Coleman Ladd. 10, Bondage 290 3, Young Mother with Child, Furio Ificci- 6, Peace, Sherry Edmundson Fry. 7, Dancing Nymph, 01m L. , Carl Augustus Heber. SCULPTURE ABOUT THE PALACE OF FINE ARTS In the upper row, left to right: 1, Boy with Fish, Bela L. Pratt. 2, Flying Cupid, Janette Scuddor. 3, Mother of the Dead, C. S. Pietro. 4, \Vhaleman, Bela L. l’ratt. In the lower row, left to right: 5, Fighting Boys, Janette Scuddcr. (3, Sun Dial, Edvard Bcrgc. 7, Duck Baby Fountain, Edith Bari‘ctto ’arsons. 291 Wliwv-ewq‘«w.rwm’wh* v «a. tv .e THE GATEWAY ()F NATIONS, WM. DE LEFTWICH Donne, PAIN'I'ER This marvelous mural dcco'ates the east 'all of the Tower gate, the side panels Labor Cr main canvas. The “angel” idea, its pursuit by the winged horseman of imagination or purpose, as sharp contrast as the mirage of ships—dream ships—is with the steam shovel and the dullard that drove it. shown as a beautiful angel or phantom woman, and in all, the reward is for the patient, often brutal, toiler w dream foretold. owned and Achievement being here ar‘angcd below the central and the travail and struggle that follow in their )vake, are 1.11 In each of these canvases the actuatlng motive ls ho has wrought to a reality the miracle which the 292 ATLANTIC AND PACIFIC, WM. DE LEF’I‘WICH DODGE, PAINTER This mural with the wing panels Discovery and The Purchase shown below it, decorates the west wall of the Tower gate. To the left of the majestic ﬁgure which symbolizes the canal is a group of diseoverers and adventurers, to the right, types of tribes who followed the discoverer. The spirit guardian of each pro- cession lays a hand of blessing on the central ﬁgures. \Vhat the achievement has cost is symbolized in the smaller panel of The Purchase. 293 l, EARTH; 2, AIR; 3, FIRE AND WATER7 FRANK BRANGWYN, PAINTER, OF LONDON Eight murals of Frank Brnngwyn are placed beneath colonnades at the angles of the w ern link in the chain of courts connecting exhibit palaces. The subjects treated, Earth, Air, Fire, and W place themes. Air, the two to the left in the picture, has on one canvas an old Dutch Windmill set on a hillock surrounded by ﬁelds of yellow grain, with a procession of wind-blown ﬁgures at the base of the hill, and in the companion canvas, birds in ﬂight with a background of gorgeous sky barred with trunks of trees, with huntsmen in the foreground. Earth is typiﬁed in one panel by workers of every age and of both s alls in the four corners of the Court of Abundance, which is the cast- ater, are marvelous color harmonies built on common— . exes engaged in every conceivable autumn employ. The arrangement brings out most remarkable figures and color effects. 294 WATER, FRANK BRANGWYN, PAINTER The panels at left and right in the picture are the water canvases panion ot‘ the Earth panel on the opposite page. whom are represented and seven of whom were at work at one time in temporary studios in the Palac harmonize with the Exposition color scheme, was the fact that the work will be permanent. The eanv after the Exposition Closes. They will he placed in some of the buildings of the new Civic Center. in the southeast corner of the Court of Abundance. In the center is the com- A motive which inﬂuenced some 01' the best known and most highly regarded of the mural decorators, nine of e of Machinery, that they might complete their canvases to ases will become the property of the City of San Francisco 295 I lit PACIFIC COASI, FRANK VINCENT DU MOND, PAINTER IHE AILANTIC COAST, EDWARD SIMMONS, PAINTER Murals of Frank Vincent Du Mond and Edward Simmons are placed beneath arches of the Setting Sun and the Rising Sun on the side walls just belowthe spring 01' the arch. The two at the top, of Du Mond’s, show the departure of the adventurer from his bleak New England home. The next, pictures his arrival on the western coast. In this canvas portrait models were used: Father Serra, Bret Harte, Keith, Grizzly Adams and others well known in the history. of California. These murals, after the close of the Exposition, will be given permanent place in the new Civic Center. The topmogt of Edward Simmons’s paintlngs shows a procession of symbolical ﬁgures, led by Hope and Illusory Hope, followed by Adventure, Commerce, Truth, Beauty, Religion, and the Family. These typify the discovery and development of our east coast. In the picture below Simmons uses every type of adventurer, and for the background every type of ocean- going vessel from the time of Columbus’s caravels to our own ocean greyhound-is seen, 296 Ema mum MURAIIS: ART CROWNED BY TIME, MAN RECEIVING INSTRUCTION IN NATURE’S LAWS, H. MILTON BANCROFT, PAINTER. THE VICTORIOUS SPIRIT, ARTHUR F. MATTHEWS, PAINTER. THE PURSUIT OF PLEASURE, CHARLES HOLLOWAY, PAINTER. FRUIT AND FLOWERS, CHILDE HASSAM, PAINTER The Bancroft panels to left and right in the upper row are placed on side walls of the half dome Of the Court of the Four Seasons. The central panel has been described by its creator as “illustrating the inherent power of men toward self-culture and, in turn, their genius for turning nature to their account and building for better.” “In color the dominant note is obtained by a strong contrast of orange-yellow and black, intensiﬁed by deep blue and white in pattern on a ﬁeld color of tan and gray.” Below on the left, the Pursuit of Pleasure, painted by Holloway, is in place above the entrance to the Palace of Education. 011 the right is shown the equally beautiful and colorful lunette used above the entrance from the Court of Palms to the Palace of Liberal Arts, the latter two thus facing each other across the Court of Palms. The ﬁgure of the child under a shower of falling poppy leaves, with background of decp blue water which merges into a pale blue sky on the horizon, will strike a responsive chord of joy in the beholder. ' Mun)»; PAVCROF‘P ism» PRING, SUMMER, AUTUMN, WINTER, H. MILTON BANCROFT, PAINTER These muruls are placed above entrances to colonnades in the Court of Four Seasons. Their harmonious coloring att‘ucts, and the themes are worked out with a simplicity most appropriate to this Court dedicated to Nature. 298 SEED TIME, HARVEST, FRUl'l‘lON, AND FESTIVITY, H. MILTON BANQROIPT, PAINTER These four of the ten murals contributed by Bancroft for the Court of Four Seasons emphasizes the idea of Nature’s bounty which this Court embodies, They are placed above entrances to colonnades which partition oﬂ‘ the niches that contain Furio Piecirilli’s fountains. They blend real and ideal in a way that is curiously interesting. Each one of these, which suggest the employ and the reward of each season, has a companion piece on the face page. 299 w» « THE FOUR GOLDS OF CALIFORNIA, ROBERT REID, PAINTER Those punvls alternate with four others that tell the story of the birth and inﬂuence of Art and are placed beneath the dome of the rotunda to the Palace of Fine Arts. Each is a single typical central ﬁgure, worked out in an indescribable color harmony in which pale blue and gold predominate. In the upper row from left to right are Citrus Fruit, \Vheat, and Poppies. Below is Metallic Gold. In the lower left is Boy Pan with Frog, Clement J. Barnhorn. 0n the right 1n the lower line is Boy with Frog, fountain, Edward Berge. 300 THE BIRTH OF ART, AND AR'I"S MESSAGE TO MAN, ROBERI' REID, PAINTER th of European Art, the Birth of Oriental Art, Ideals in Art, and Inspiration of All Art. The Birth of European Art above, in the center, is symbolized in ﬁve dominant ﬁgures grouped about an altar on which burns the sacred ﬁre. The Birth of ers of the air. A third panel, on the right, represents Ideals in Art. The These four panels alternate with the Four Golds. They are called the Bir Oriental Art, on the left, shows forces of the air wresting inspiration from the pow fourth panel represents the Inspiration of All Art, ﬁve ﬁgures symbolizing Music, Painting, Architecture, Poetry, and Sculpture. Each panel measures about 22 by 26 feet. A Daughter of Pan, lower left, R. Hinton Perry, sculptor; Piping Pan, lower right, Janette Scudder, sculptor. 301 42-..»; .-, .m- .i Q g. 42 l l i: :- xi _, PORTAL AND DETAILS OF VARIED INDUSTRIES BUILDING The portal to the Palace of Varied Industries in the south facade of the Palace is an adaptation from the main portal of the Hospice of Santa Cruz, at ’l‘oledo, Spain. which is one of the purest examples extant of the architecture of the Spanish Renaissance. The sculptural enrichinentﬁtlie tympanunl of the Five Industries, the workman above the keystone, and the group in the niche below—is the work of Ralph Stackpole, a California sculptor, whose inspiration for the ﬁgures was gained in great degree from his work as an actual miner up in the Sierras. The Man With the Pick in niches beside the doorway, the Workman, and the, group Old Age, Passing the Burden of Labor on to Youth, are true to type. The Victory, on the gable, is the work of Louis Ulriek. An enlarged View of the pediment cartouehe is shown on the left. 011 the right is California’s emblem, the grizzly bear embracing the seal of state. These are set on the lower volute of consoles spaced at intervals along the south and west facades of this palace. “-9.- ~ 302 - w». nae...» a. “mt-4'? l 1 'I'llli 'l‘()\\'l£1\’()I’_IIC\\'I‘IIAS .\NI) I'I‘ALI 'l'()\\'ICl{S. ILLUMIN "nnnw IN THE SOUTH GARDENS The picture shows the Festival Pool, fronting Festival Hall, east of the Fountain of Energy in the South Gardens, and gives a good idea of the beautiful arrange- ment and the popularity 01' this pleasance of the people. Sightseers rest and loiter here and the seats are, usually comfortably ﬁlled day and evenlng. The arrangement of the, lights, the lawns and shrubbery, and the wide paths separating broad borders of ﬂowers make it a peaceful place, not\\'ithstanding it 15- near Festival Hall and other places of assembly for large gatherings. The Palace of Manufactures and a section of the Avenue of Palms lie, north of the pool, and beyond this palace the sculptured group, Nations of the East, placed above the tl‘iuniphal Arch of the Rising Sun, can be dimly seen. Between the Italian towers a glimpse may be had 01' the colonnades that surround the Court 01‘ Flowers. MISCELLANEOUS BUILDINGS ‘l. The Motor Truck and Good Roads building located in the rear of Machinery Hall, was built for the purpose of housing a large exhibit of auto trucks. 2. The Carnation Milk building, located on the Avenue of Nations, directly opposite the band concourse. Methods are here shown by which Carnation milk is repared. 3. The brick home, located on the Avenue of States, adjoining the Maryland State building, is an exhibit of a home built entirely of brick and which 18 most attractively furnished by Louise Brigham, famous for her box furniture designs. 305 THE ZONE 'l‘he amusement section of the Exposition has become known World—wide as The, Zone. Here are seen remarkable evidences of the enterprise of the business men of San Francisco. That no important feature in making a great international exposition be omitted, the amusement section has been largely rebuilt and the, great shows made possible by the ﬁnancing of the amusement Zone features by Wealthy business men of the city, and vast sums, running into millions of (101- lars, have been expended for the enormous buildings and the features established therein. From the Avenue of Progress, near the Fillmore Street entrance, The Zone extends east for a distance of three thousand feet, equal to seven city blocks. Upon both sides of the thoroughfare the amusement palaces and Show houses, great and small, line the way. 306 THE SUBMARINES This is one of the largest concessions on The Zone and one of the most expensive for its installation. It was ﬁnanced by enterprising business men of San Francisco. It is as elabo‘ate and novel within as it is without the structure. Here the visitor may wander through wonderful ‘aves of co '21] or stalaetites or take a trip in a glass boat to deep sea gardens where, among other treasures, Davy Jones’ Locker is to be seen in the weird workshop of Old Father Neptune, who guards the entrance to the grotto. The scenery for this remarkable production is the work of H. Logan Reid of New York (Iity. \Vater anemones, corals, and sponges, star fish, mermaids, and merry men are encountered on this nautical journey. Stormy and tempestuous weather beset the voyager, but eventually fair weather and good fortune prevail and smooth sailing is assured as port is reached. 307 'l‘l'l ll PANAMA CANAL Near the Fillmore Street entrance to The Zone the Panama Canal, :1 complete, correct, and faithful reproduction ol’ the great achievement which the Exposition eelebratcs. is located in this building which covers about five acres of ground. Here the visitor who has not been able to go to ’anama may see and fully under- stand this great work of our Government. A large sheltered amphitheater surrounds the model, which lies depressed within the, walls to such a depth as to.br1ng the ocean levels about twenty feet below the spectator, permitting a birdseyc View of the (Ianal and adjacent territory. A moving platform, the largest 111 the world, has seating capacity for 1200 persons. liach seat is equipped with telephone connected with phonographs through which an accurate description of ‘ach point of interest is transmitted, the device adjusting itself automatically so that every spectator listens to a description of that part of the Canal which lies directly in front of him. The trip around the :nnphitheater is made in about twenty-three minutes. The area represented covers more than one thousand square miles, and every minute detail is worked out with engineering accuracy from plans and drawings furnished by the United States Government. 308 SCENES ON THE PANAMA CANAL Four of the most interesting features of the model showing the mechanical operation of boats, trains, lighthouses, buoys, etc., in operation and as they are on the Isthmus are, shown here. The boats that pass back and forth are controlled by magnets, the influence being exerted through a three-inch gap of air, wood, tar, felt, cement, and water. 1. The Mirallores and Pedro Miguel Locks. 2. The ’anama Railroad train cros‘ing Gatun River Bridge. 3. The City 01‘ Panama, looking toward Mi‘aﬂores Locks. 4. The City of Colon, looking toward Gatun Locks and Limon Bay. The entire reproduction was conceived and constructed by L. E. Myers, President of the L. IS. Myers Company, builders and operators of public utilities of Chi ‘ago, Ill. More than two year‘ were devoted to perfecting this mar— velous model, whereby the working of the Canal may be learned in a short and inexpensive trip. If the, longer and costlier trip should be taken later it will be the more enjoyable because of a ﬁrst visit to this reproduction of the great Canal. 309 9W meg. CREATION JAPAN BEAUTIFUL Creation of the world, as told in Genesis, from the dawn of the ﬁrst day, formless and void, to the full glory of perfection in the Garden of Eden, is told in one of the most marvelous scenic productions ever arranged. Able artists worked for months painting literally miles of canvas, which move magically before the eyes of the spectator so that the dry land is seen emerging from the waters that covered the earthiand the starry ﬁrmament unfurled, and last of all, Adam and Eve to take possession of our common inheritance. It is all beautifully effective and cost something upwards of $100,000 for installation. Japan Beautiful is one of the largest concessions on The Zone. Actual life in Japan, in city, country,'and Vlllage are shown, and the entrance is an exact reproduction of the Daibutsu of Kamakura, the famous statue of Buddha, reproduced for the ﬁrst time outside the Orient. An hour or so spent in the little city makes a very interesting visit. 310 THE LIFE OF A VAN ISHlNG RACE Some twenty families of Zuni and Hopi Indians brought by the Santa Fe from their reservation in the vicinity of Isaletta live in the Pueblo Village above the Grand Canyon of Arizona. They are here to show the home life of this most ancient race of Americans which still observes the customs that prevailed among them when Columbus discovered America, even to the grinding of corn by hand for making bread. One of the industries in which the women excel is pottery making; all hand work, as may be seen here. Many visitors have been glad to become possessed of some bit‘ of colored pottery made at the Exposition by these people. One of their customs is the swathing ol' the legs in bandages wound round and round; the thickness as well as the smoothness of the swathing indicates the social standing of the wearer. It is said that members of the Zuni tribe observe some 8000 ceremonies in the course of a year, each having some special signiﬁ- cance, some inﬂuence for good or evil with the Great Spirit. 311 “(i-‘1‘ «QM». '-. A“: . .-\.—,».-..Wm.... ---,.-.,.... m. .. ..,-¢~--.u-.r THE GRAND CANYON OF ARIZONA “A dream of ttfteen years” is the way this concession of the Santa Fe Railroad was described by one of its creators. pose to bring this scenic wonderland to the thousands who could never go to .lt. large additional amount to equip and maintain, but the devotion that went mto it is beyond estimate. _ spent in camp making surveys and painting sketches and in constructing miniature models to truthfully portray a trip of two hundred miles in length through a The dream consisted in part of a pur- It has cost upwards of a quarter of a million dollars to construct and a very As a preliminary to making the models months were gorge thirteen miles across from rim to rim, eight thousand feet deep. and omitting no essential feature from the panorama. The visitor makes this delightful journey through vistas of towering peaks, mysterious gorges, waterfalls, and crags. He looks out across miles of “painted desert,” and Bright Angel Trail is fol- lowed for a way after entering the Canyon at El Tovar Hotel. The little village of Pueblo Indians built above the Canyon portrays “The Life of a Vanishing Race” which has kept to ancient customs through centuries of change in the races around it. By courtesy of Santa Fe ofﬁcials commodious quarters for the enter- tainment of visiting daughters were maintained in the building of the Grand Canyon by the Daughters of the American Revolution throughout the Exposition period. 312 THE \‘EIIL()\\'S'1‘() I PARK ON THE ZUN This concession of the Union Pacific System, which combines educational and amuselnent features, represents a construction cost of something like $300,000. It is designed as well for the cementing of old friendships as the creating of new ones, and it has faithfully fulfilled both requirements. (lose to the entrance gate the geysers are reproduced in a Inost convincing motion picture panorama in combination with mechani-al appa'atus by means of which the eruptions are demonst'ated. All this is staged in a comfortable little theater beneath the c‘ags that guard the gate, Eagle Nest Rock and other landmarks of the park having been ‘arefully counterfeited. The view from the portico of Old Faithful Inn includes rainbow falls and cater basins seen across an expanse of lava beds. These arle a relief map of Yellowstone Park. The Inn has been the scene of many festivities. Guests linger here be'ause of the sense of peace and good will that every- w 1ere pervades. 313 INFANT INCUBATORS This concession of the Infant Incubators, installed and operated under direction of Dr. M. A. Couney, has its constant stream of visitors, of every age and condition of men and women. The appeal of the helplessness of the unconscious mites of humanity rescued and thriving in spite of adverse fate reaches alike the specialist and the careless sightseer, who may learn here the particulars of nourishment, nurture, and care given these incubator babies. The doctor and his competent corps of able assistants are facing the camera, and the women in tailored suits with them in the picture are fairly typical of the class of visitors Who returned oftenest, for here the casual guest became the constant caller, to watch the results in this undertaking to supplement Nature’s handiwork accidentally interfered with. The concession may he described as educational, and in these days of awakening to social service and duty to humanity some study of the meth— ods pursued in working out late discoveries and theories is well worth while. 314 ZONE ATTRACTIONS built by the L. A. Thompson Company, with the thrills that come from grazing the borderland of the beyond, is pic- tured here. It was the first concession to be ready and has been in operation since January 1st, 1915, with throngs in attendance. 2. The Grand Canyon of Arizona has been most beautifully reproduced here by the Santa Fe Railroad. De Luxe coaches carry the visitor on a twenty-minute trip from El Tovar Hotel, where one enters the Canyon, features of this \Yonderland of Nature being portrayed and interpreted for the visitor by guides stationed at various points. \V. F. Sessor devised the. concession and spent many weeks in the Canyon in company with Mr. Burridge, an artist whose sketches made possible the ﬁdelity of the work of the seenie 1. The entrance to the Scenic Railway, artists in ﬁnishing the work. (larloads of sandstone from the desert, sage bushes, cactus, pinyon pine, and ’dobe brick for construction were brought and used. 3. Frederick Thompson’s ’l‘oyland Grown Up is an adaptation from Mother Goose and fairy tales of childhood. Mother Goose, Old Dog Tray, tin soldiers grown to giant size, and other familiar mirth—provoking subjects abound. 4. Close kin to the Scenic Railway is this Safety Racer, built by the same company, to meet the demands for this sort of thrilling travel. It has so many new thrills its popularity was assured from the beginning. 315 [ONE ENTERTAINERS 1. In the upper left is pictured one of the well ventilated, gra s—thatched homes such as meet the requirements of Samoans in their own land, with the natives who furnish the amusement features programmed, which include dancing and games of skill. 2. The Mexican Band of the ’l‘ehuantepec Village, which is admired almost as much for its gay appareling as for its excellent rendition of the wild, sweet, appealing music of stringed instruments, is pictured here. 3. The hula-hula dancers and the musicians who entertain at the Hawaiian Village. Visitors miss much in not knowing that a hula is a sort of song, or poem, by which a good wish. or happy thought, is conveyed to some one beloved. 1. The old stage coach in use in the \Vild \Vest performance at the ’49 (lamp, showing how passengers responded when road agents commanded “all out and hands up!” Among the performers are some who knew from actual experience as “bad” men just how the act of relieving passengers of valuables and the express messenger of his strong box should he done, 316 ZUN IC CONCESSIONS l. The Merry—(io—lloumi is always a center of interest not only to the children but oftentimes is packed by their elders. \\'ilh mechanical organ playing uneeasingly it has proved itself a magnet to many visitors. 2. In the upper friendly and unfriendly saurians, both great and small, are to be seen. 3. A Teddy Bear reminder of the Exposition which was certain to be appreciated; these ( its melodious tunes from the right is pictured the entrance to the Alligator Farm. where booth which was the means of many a liny lad back home receiving a Ialil'ornia bears were packed ready for mailing. 7]. ’l'he Au‘oseope carries its car of passen— gers spirally to an elevation of 285 feet above its base, or 330 feet above sea level, and the birdseye view obtainable is entrancing. . . The Souvenir \Vatch Palace, pre— sided over by our Uncle Sam, with a counterfeit presentiment as guardian at the door, is located near the Fillmore Street entrance, and has been popular from the beginning, doing an enormous business, the watch that made the dollar famous being an attractive reminder of California and the Exposition as well as a trust- wort 1y timepiece. 317 9mm ‘ nu: Ac Sl‘lC'l‘lt)NS (7)1" A ZUNE PARADE ()ne of the ways in which special days are celebrated is shown here, and one who has witnessed a long line serpentining along any selected avenue will recall the spectacle with pleasure. The Zone street was a favorite, for it had just enough of a grade to make the picture perfect. And these parades, often miles in length, were permitleil just space sullicient for moving through the enthusiastic erowds, the size of which may be inferred from a few figures. In round numbers there were 233.000 admissions on opening day, 113,000 on Liberty Bell Day, 203,000 on July 5th (the Alth being Sunday), 163,000 on Admission Day, and an average attendance running close to 2,000,000 a month from the opening of the Exposition. 1. Float containing the Maori Native Dancers and the King’s \Varriors. 2. In front of Japan Beautiful on The Zone entertainers from various concessions in costume are pictured in line. The team spirit animates the show folks, SO that all co-operate enthusiastically in every festivity, thus making delightful Zone attractions. 3. A most elaborate ﬂoat that carried a freight of beautiful women along the, esplanade is here. seen and the solid wall of humanity it had to win a way through. 318 uuun 1w mow m ‘1 ZONE ATTRACTIONS 1. '1 111‘ Eden \Iusee, a center 01' never waning interest, in which the visitor finds himself at home \\it11 coleblities of all times 1-1ex1‘1‘l\ 1-111111t1‘111‘ited and cos- tumed. “The \\01‘l1l in \\11\” is the way it is described by the 1111111 who doused it. 2. Captain, the educated horse, “hose pe1101 111111111‘ consists in counting doing sums, making change selecting 1'1'1101 s, and other 1'0111111‘k11111e feats of intelligence. Alternating. at this concession is Madame Ellis, 11 marulous mind 1'1a1le1‘ \\ 111) mystifies by he1u11he'tating and correct replies to questions asked. 3. The Evolution of the Dieadnaught and the \\' or’lds “111 is pr'ming 111' great 011111‘ 111011 11 worth greatly appreciated by Visit01s. 4. The Jester’ s Palace, 11 place 01' fun and frolic, contains the usual as well as 11 number of unusual mirth p10\ 11111111r 11111qu 11111 r01 s, and males being a conspicuous part thei e01 , _ ’ 319 TYPICAL ZONE SCENES 1. Festivities in which all of The Zone entertainers participate are of frequent occurrence. At the top of the page the Egyptian entertainers and muscle dancert who took part in the (Iairo street performance are seen in their most gorgeous costumes in front of a most elaborate ﬂoat. 2. The \Vild \\'est company in the 101 Ranch inclosure is pictured, with its cowboy band and the old prairie schooner in the center and its wonderful riders in their true-to-the-life apparel and equip— ment. Ther‘ are cowboys, cowgirls, and Indians, who give a wonderful exhibition of roping, branding. racing, raiding. and marksmanship. 3 In the lower row the Maori girl dancers in Island costume are seen in front of the native huts of the Australasian Village. They are ready to begin their beautiful “Building of the Boat” dance, and drill, in which they pantomime the fashioning of a canoe, which ends with their falling into position in the imaginary boat and rowing away with concerted stroke as faultlessly as ever done by the best trained college crew. 320 ill).é "SEp Jug /‘\/\;~[J/\/ U ‘85:” ’~ [6an saw HHL’ u“ mums". msws ‘ 10' . SEE g _ urge . . . it], { ”1595,15 ~ llnlwcppwm'gl 0 mac: ' ’ “ ' mum » W '/,()NIC ATTRAC [IONS 1. The Chinese Pagoda on The Zone is a small Celestial city. It_ contains a restaurant where both Chinese and American menus are served. It has a heau- tifully decorated little theater where inter( ting programs runs continuously, being participated in by charming little maids most exquisitely clothed. It has sales- rooms with every lure for the loiterer in ortment to meet all needs and all prices. It has a labyrinth below ground, with a joss house, and the curious are kept seeking. 2. The. ’49 Camp was installed by some enthusiasts who felt it would be good to recall gold discovery days and the part they played in our development. Among the ancient treasures was the cabin Marshall was living in when he hit upon the, great “ﬁnd,” and attendant in the ’amp are many real “old timers“ who are there to tell the visitor about things s they really then happened. 3. September Morn, among the bevy of living models chosen to make this concession popular. 4. The ever popula ' auto race, which seems as inseparable from the delights of an Exposition joy zone as the merry—go—round. Speeded up to more than a mile a minute it is thereby usnrping the functions of the “bump—the-bumps" and creates much hilarity thereby. 5 Melodia is a new arrangement of an old theme, with a thoroughly enjoyable program which includes musical imitations of many kindsﬁa vaudeville of melody. 321 'l‘YPICS ()F LOVELY WOMEN ()N 'l‘HlC ZONE From this gallery of Zone beauties it will be seen that the chorus lady “smile, that don’t come off” is becoming to almost any type. In each case it truly reﬂects the, gracious and joyous manner in which all entered into the carnival spirit which pervaded The, Zone. 1. In the upper row is a Filipino girl. 2. A Somali dancer from the Sahara. it. A Mexican. one of the entertainers at the Tehuantepee Village. The center row shows: 4, one of the lovely little maidens from the Flowery Kingdom who welcomes the Visitor to Japan Beautiful; 5, Dorothy, a cowgirl with the 101 Ranch \Vlld \Vest Show; 6, a Dutch girl, sometimes to be seen alone on The Zone in eostume; 7, a (Ihinese girl, who contributes to the, gaiety 01' nations by her presence in the. Chinese pagoda. The bottom row shows: 8, a Maori maiden, one 01' the entertainers at the Australasian Village. who discovered that she possesses a voice of brilliance and power and immediately set about Cultivat— ing it; 9. a llawaiian hula-hula duneer; 10. a beautiful Samoan princess. These islanders ﬁnd it a thing to marvel at that Americans are not kinder and happier. 322 m53~s2n€ni 11; n4 Mn ON THE ZONE— 1. The Old Red Mill, a lineal descendant of shoot-the—chutes, enjoys a popularity like unto that of its ancestor. The same, yet just a little different,.glidiiig ‘tlirough scenes of splendor, and the same old poleman to help your boat to its landing stage, delight the same old crowd 01 young and old. 2.‘BDld'§ Oﬂlcial .S_ou- venir View Books of the Exposition are distributed to the selling stations from this center near the Fillmore street entrance to 1110 Zone. 3. Stella is a beautiful painting of a beautiful woman, which has been one of the successes of The Zone. 4. Flu; Model’s 'Dream, a beauty show. -over by a clever spieler who keeps the people in a merry mood and a seer who propheSics according to schedule. ’Cream Company, and adjacent to it is Soakum, Where skill in ball throwing, or lack ol skill, 323 5. The Temple 01' Palinistry, presided _ Next is the central station of the National Ice is the cause 01 inerrinient. MIDGETS ON l‘HE ZONE Months before the Exposition opening day Frederick Thompson announced the appointment of Major Simon, who is some three feet eight inches tall but never- theless was a really-truly Major who had distinguished himself in the Boer \Var, as night watchman for Toyland Grown Up. The Major had been one of the Thompson company of players at Luna Park, and pending the opening was touring in France with a company of Lilliputians when the war broke out. Since the Major’s coming a number of these, clever little folks have been booked for Exposition engagements. 1. In the upper left is Sam Brooks, twenty—four years old and forty-one inches tall, and by way of contrast Charles Otkin, the boy giant, nineteen years old and seven feet four inches in height. 2. Little Elizabeth, :1 minion type Venus, less than three feet in height, who entertains her friends with piano playing, songs, and stories. 3. Louis and Isabelle Stoell'ler, who are billed as the Miniature Duo. 4. The Tianta Midgets, dancers. 5. Harry and Jennie Cohen, whose program includes all the ﬁgure and fancy dances. 6. Joe Hardy, humorist. 324 r _ - if aHULA'HUlk t QANCER‘“ ZONE ATTRACTIONS 1. In the upper left an attractive and impressive structure is shown containing the cyclorama 0f the Battle of Gettysburg, the greatest engagement of our Civil \Var. 2. Noah’s Ark contains a reception hall for Winsome little Elizabeth, the Hungarian midget, who trails her velvet gowns right regally across the little thea- ter arranged for her. 3. The Tehuantepec Village, installed by Capt. A. \V. Lewis, where weaving, lace, needle work, leather tooling, hand—wrought jewelry making and like crafts are exhibited and where elaborate programs of dancing and singing by clever native artists make a continuous and most enjoyable performance. 4. The Ostrich Farm, where some hundred or more parent birds and baby chicks have been installed that the world may learn the particulars and the commercial Worth of this great California industry. 5. The Hawaiian Village, where native singers play and smg the lovely Island songs, and hula dancers, wearing costumes of grass, enliven the program with pantomime and muscle dancing. 6. The Diving Girls, each one of the eight :1 model ﬁgure, hold high carnival here in a perform- ance of grace, beauty, and perfection in skill. 325 ~x::.‘:x:. w 2‘ C's-m. 4am wag—Vt. ww. ”mu-wq... . a», «~— rv... V...“ _,_A,v i ,77#,#vi,i, [MKtﬁRﬁ 6 ZONE RESTAURANTS Popular restaurants which have deserved and acquired liberal patronage from Exposition visitors: ‘1, Alt Nurnherg is pictured, where good music, good cheer and good fellowship are always to be found; 2, this picture shows Old Faithful Inn, a faithful reproduction of its namesake in Yellowstone National Park (in addi: tion to perfect service, daily programs at 1:00 and 6:30 by the Exposition Orchestra of eighty musicians are rendered which have been conducted by Max Bendix George Georges, and for a portion of the period Auguste Bose of Paris); 3, Young’s has at all times been a popular resort, much in requisition for banquets and informal dinners of commercial bodies or f'aternities holding conventions at the Exposition; 4, the Coffee Parlor is very popular, for quick service with a dreat number of people. a o 326 ;‘ ‘.."v’ r: .., . -/ COMMERCIAL CONCESSIONS 1. This popular concession is known as the Smokerie. It is equipped to meet the needs of smokers and has done so from the opening day of the Exposition. 2. Ghirardelli’s chocolate booth, appropriately colored a chocolate brown, is at The Zone entrance, near Fillmore Street gate. The beverage is served in the daintily appointed room facing the Avenue of Progress, and adjoining is a model factory where the preparation of Chocolate and related products is shown. 3. \Velch’s grape juice is served from this attractive booth which faces the Ghirardelli booth on The Zone. 4. The Orange. Blossom Candy Company maintains a factory, sales- room, and distributing center in this booth about midway of The Zone. Candy making by machinery is in Its way a great novelty. and the, large numbers take pleasure in the opportunity provided for a study of processes. This company has devised many SpCClal attractlons, among them an Orange Day, when many little maidens emerged from concealment in mammoth oranges to distribute sweets to the Visitors. 327 .--.———-n-u- .. . . u... 4. 987‘ 5535‘ _ A )Nlu A l‘ l RAC'l‘lONS The merry throng always in evidence on The Zone is seen in this View looking towards Festival H211], which is dimly seen in the distance. The large building on the right was the Dayton Flood building, which showed the beautiful Ohio City before, during, and after the disaster of 1913. In the latter half of the Expo— sition period the structure is used for exhibition of liscorial, a painting valued at $200,000, that came with other art treasures in the loan collection from Spain. It is the w( k of Lorenzo Blanchard, completed in 1814, and represents the Interior of the church of the liscorial monastery and palace erected by King Philip of Spain, 15 1581, in fulﬁllment of a vow. Next to this building is seen Creation, and further to the west the Bowls of Joy, another view of which is shown in the lower picture, its cars of inerryinakers spiraling at great speed. »-- ‘M'i-Vv- -.~ , y :lonﬁil'v, l .f ‘7. ‘ n . . . . .9 (II ll\uulro.iik Z. .6xal: I... . ‘ lllﬁ‘ «'11, t Infill .ﬂPnuunuaNWlli 33:11.1, 2 x f