START UC BERKELEY MASTER NEGATIVE STORAGE NUMBER 00-75.6 (National version of master negative storage number: CU SNO00075.6) MICROFILMED 2000 UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LIBRARY PHOTOGRAPHIC SERVICE USAIN State and Local Literature Preservation Project Funded in part by the National Endowment for the Humanities REPRODUCTION AVAILABLE THROUGH INTERLIBRARY LOAN OFFICE MAIN LIBRARY UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA BERKELEY, CA 94720-6000 COPYRIGHT The copyright law of the United States (Title 17, United States Code) governs the making of photocopies or other reproductions of copyrighted materials including foreign works under certain conditions. In addition, the United States extends protection to foreign works by means of various international conventions, bilateral agreements, and proclamations. Under certain conditions specified in the law, libraries and archives are authorized to furnish a photocopy or other reproduction. One of these specified conditions is that the photocopy or reproduction is not to be "used for any purpose other than private study, scholarship, or research." If a user makes a request for, or later uses, a photocopy or reproduction for purposes in excess of "fair use,” that user may be liable for copyright infringement. University of California at Berkeley reserves the right to refuse to accept a copying order if, in its judgment, fulfillment of the order would involve violation of copyright law. Botsford & Hammond, Real | Estate Agents Tulare County, California; a truthful description of its... Visalia, Calif [1885] BIBLIOGRAPHIC RECORD TARGET University of California at Berkeley Library USAIN State and Local Literature Preservation Project Master negative storage number: 00-75.6 (national version of the master negative storage number: CU SN00075.6) Corporate Author: Botsford & Hammond, Real Estate Agents. Author: Botsford & Hammond, Real Estate Agents. Title: Tulare County, California; a truthful description of its climate, soil, towns, and vast agricultural and other resources. Imprint: Visalia, Calif. [1889] Description: 50 p. 18cm. Call numbers: CSL State Lib F868 T8 B62 California Microfilmed by University of California Library Photographic Service, Berkeley, CA Filmed from hard copy borrowed from California State Library FILMED AND PROCESSED BY LIBRARY PHOTOGRAPHIC | SERVICE, UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, BERKELEY, 94720 DATE: 3/00 REDUCTION RATIO: 8 oo PM-1 3%"x4" PHOTOGRAPHIC MICROCOPY TARGET NBS 1010a ANSI/ISO #2 EQUIVALENT 10 “hE Ix == plz = 36 == [ EAN = : & ll 20 I : = ° Eo. Ee l= LZ lis ps Botsford & Hammond, Real Estate Age Tulare County, California. 1 STATE LIBRARY * Call No. F 868 79 Bez Tulare County, A TRUTHFUL DESCRIPTION OF IT8 CLiMATE, SoIL TowNsS, AND VAST AGRICULTURAL and other RESOURCES, PUBLISHED BY Botsford & Hammond, Real Estate Agents. J VISALIA, CAL, - SALIFGRNIA STATE LIBRARY TULARE COUNTY, CALIFORNIA, TorLARE County, the sixth in size in the State of Cali- fornia, and having a greater area than the States of Rhode Isl- and, Delaware, or Connecticut, and nearly as great as New Jersey, is situated in the south central portion of the State, near the southern end of the San Joaquin plain, and embraces a section of country reaching from the summit of the Sierra Nevada Mountains on the east to that of the Coast Range on the west. On the north, also occupying a section from crown to crown of the parallel ranges, lies the county of Fresno; on the east, the mountain county of Inyo; on the south, where the two mountain chains unite, forming the southern limit of the great interior basin, is Kern County; and on the western line are portions of the counties of Fresno and Monterey. Mo ceric nena Crops TOPOGRAPHY. Ornamental Plants, .........ce-cvecreneerns stot tiny J : The Sierra Nevada Mountains in the eastern part of the : county are more precipitous than elsewhere further north or south, and attain a greater altitude than in any other portion of the range, the lofty peak of Mt. Whitney, with an altitude of 15,000 feet, being the highest of a group of granite domes stand- ing along the eastern line of the county. From these mount- ains issue a number of streams that carry the water from the wooded slopes and cafions and from the melting snow fields to the level plain below, which has a gentle slope westward to Tulare Lake, into which ther floods are discharged. The plain has also a northerly slope to tide water at Suisun Bay, an arm of the larger bay of San Francisco. In this vast plain are no hills and no depressions worthy cf note. Theonly unevenness readily Water Supply . Duty of Water... .....-- ons Irrigation.’ soe . Sa ise ses arse vn auiEs na 0s aM i Health Conclusion 1 TULARE COUNTY, CALIFORNIA. The Visalia Delta, THE LIVE JOURNAL oF ROH i J alife 0: nia. sé tn 0! 1thiern ® argesh Circulation of any Paper in’ the ‘Southern | “San Joaquin Valley, and is adding new sub- : scribers to its list every gay-. a Family Newspaper; DEVOTED CHIEFLY TO LOCAL INTERESTS. Subscribe for Extra Gonits to Sond 0 Absent Friends. Persons wanting a paper that will give full and sccurate information about the south-central portion of California, its climate, resources, and capabilities, should subscribe for the DELTA. Subscription in Advance, - - $2.00 a Year. Address, THE DELTA, Visalia, Cal. TuLARE COUNTY, CALIFORNIA. b noticeable is in a narrow strip skirting the edge of the Sierra foot- hills, where the . hog-wallows ” " ‘are the lominant feature. The Coast Range Mountains, lying to the westward of the valley or plain, are low when compared with the snow-turbaned heights of the Sierra opposite, | the highest peak in g-4he Igtisade, of Yulage Cqunty being less, than 3,000 feet. i AREA The area of Tulare County is about 6,406 square miles, or 4,099,840 acres. Of this more than one-half, 2,615, 200 acres, is comprised in the mountain and foot-hill section, and 1,584,640 acres in the open plain—including about 260 square miles, or 166,400 acres, covered by Tulare Lake. Thus the level valley land alone has a greater area, exclusive of Tulare Lake, than Delaware, including the total land and water surface within the limits of that State. And of that portion reckoned as hill or mountain land a great part is in the-valleys or gentle slopes, which are suitable for agriculture or grazing. MOUNTAINS. The higher ridges of the Sierra are clothed with oktensive forests of pine, cedar, redwood, fir, tamarack, and other trees, in which are a number. of saw mills, As yet, bt a slight impres- sion has been made by the woodman’s ax, and the supply of timber for all purposes is ample for the local demand. Several wagon: roads lead into the pineries, and branch roads are ex. tended from these in different directions annually into the heart ot tke heavy forests. There are also among these mountains undeveloped mineral resources that will some day be made to contribute a share to the many products of the county. A few gold mines are now being worked, but leads of silver and copper ore, graphite, mar- ble, etc., that have been prospected with favorable results, await the introduction and assistance of capital. There also exist quarries of lime and murble that are worked to a limited ex- tent. : The foot-hills contain a scattering growth of oak timber, valu- able for fuel and for the acorns, on which thousands of hogs are mini i 6 TULARE COUNTY, CALIFORNIA. THE PIONEER LUMBERYARD, Visalia, Cal. Henderson & Hightower; Props. DEALERS IN ba sind Lumber, Shakes, Shingles, Laths, Doors, Blinds, Etc. AGENTS FOR Studebaker Farm and Spring Wagons and Buggies, Oliver Chilled Plows, Moore's Rakes, Etc. Ani 4 General Assortment of Farming Implements. TULARE COUNTY, CALIFORNIA. 7 fattened in the fall. Of this section farther mention will be made in another place. The Coast Range Mountains centain no valuable timber, but here are to be found valuable mineral resources. Of these, not the lest important is petroleum, springs of which exist in several places. It isin thesame range, farther south, that an excellent quality of illuminating oil is made. CLIMATE. The climate of Tulare County is healthful and equable. The rainy season usually begins about Christmas, although there are often showers before, and may continue through January and February, with showers in March and April. But showers, even if very light, are unusual; after the last-named month. The warm season begins with May and continues until November, although the time of greatest heat is in the months of June, July, and August, during which time a slight sprinkle of rain is a phenomenon. The fall,if there be a season to which the name is applicable, may be said to continue from the first of October to the middle of December, in an average year. The thermometer in the coldest weather reaches not more than 120 below freezing point, and many succeeding days may occur, when the weather is coldest in the Eastern States, that the mercury does not fall lower than 20° above zero. At any time of the year a bouquet may be plucked in the gar- dens, growing in the open air. It is not uncommon to see a nose- gay of freshly-plucked flowers at Christmas time. In the summer the maximum temperature, as given in the report of the observer at the U. S. Signal Office in Visalia, is 108°. By others it has been reported as high as 110° and 114°, but the difference was probably due to difference in the situation of the instru- ments. The meantemperature in the plain or valley during the dry or summer season is 80° and for the wet season 64°. The heat during the hottest weather is not oppressive, owing to the ex- treme purity and dryness of the atmosphere. The mean relative humidity is 57 per cent. Farmers work in the harvest fields in the warmest weather, exposed to the sun’s heat, without being inconvenienced thereby, and without fear of suffering a sun-stroke. The air is so dry that the perspiration is quickly evaporated, TurARE COUNTY, CALIFORNIA; La ve of ota ae ti IRALERS IN iki i o { _ ] : ‘4 3 Fa ter g , ' 5 “3 # A 8 3 v ¥ 3 3 : 4 3 - Ee me y i a y 4 % £1 £3 ¥ ’ £ g i ¢ N v Ey 3 Cir . ne val : “ § wo thviihy i 5 Te. BN + ¥ () S. 4 | Wagons, Buggies AND ALL KINDS OF | Farming Implements, KEPT AND SOLD AT LOWEST * CASH » FIGURES. Fata {id flog AC SER wha : . ¢ io 5 " i$ { *¥ 4 $ oR Sal 3a gL FB J . 875 A - « : y i RL fico 5 RELL #1 Ed | A? : i & 5 yo 3 ir { Li hn ire : ] 2) 4 $A Y tine bo oi oa is known in the Northern States of the Union. . TULARE COUNTY, CALIFORNIA. bi 9 keeping the body cool during the hottest hours of theday. So mild is the climate that ‘the husbandmén may work every day in the year if need be, the heat if summer ‘and the cold and storms of the wet season not being sufficiently severe to make it impossible to do a_day’s work in the open air, although, of course, it is presumed ‘that one ‘woul prefer to remain under cover during a rain-storm, which, however, is never cold —as cold RAINFALL. he There is nothing of greater importance to the people of Tulare County than the rainfall, an interest attaching to it that is un- known in regions where the precipitation is greater. ‘The rainy season, as has already been remarked, usually begins about Christmas, sometimes preceded by showers in December or the latter part of November. “In some seasons the first heavy rain comes earlier, and in others later. . The total annual rainfall also varies greatly, but the average is small, probably not more than five inches for the valley portion of the county. But even on the plain the rainfall is unevenly distributed, being much greater near the foot-hills of the Sierra than on the western side of the valley. Such, however, is the character of the soil and the lay of the country that a very small amount of moisture is suf- ficient to mature the grain crops. Four inches of rain, if di- vided so as to come at proper intervals, will produce an excel- lent yield of cereals. It is usually necessary to irrigate during the dry season, and if the winter be an unusaally dry one, and such not unfrequently occur, then it is necessary to begin earlier to apply the moisture to the ground artificially. Sometimes, again, the winter rains may be heavier than common. In sea- sons of this kind, of which that of 1884 was a specimen, little or no water is used for irrigation. At Visalia, near the east- ern side of the valley portion of the county, the rainfall for the five seasons from 1879-80 to 1883-84, inclusive, averaged 10.30 inches: the lowest being in 1881-82, 5.44 inches; the greatest in 1883-84, 15.65 inches. At Tulare City, nearer the center of the valley, the average: amount of precipitation for the same years was 8.77 inches; and at Hanford, further west, about the same tir ome 1 oy 0 TULARE CoUNTY, CALIFORNIA. PALACE HOTEL C. 8. O'BANNON, = + Proprietor, THE PALACE is now First-Class in avery: respect; it having been refitted and refur- nished, it will now be found second tono house on this Coast, out- side of San Francisco. ~The Table is Daily Supplied with the Best, Both from the City and Country Markets. Bus to and from all Trains. Headquarters of all the Stage Lines. Hot and Cold BATHS. Large and Commodious S ample Rooms [for Commercial Travelers. TULARE COUNTY, CALIFORNIA. Fao 18 ag at Visalia. Bub west of Hanford, in the vicinity of the Coast Range, the, rainfall is much lighter. ans, the, rainfall is much lighter. Tt is lighter also in the southern end of the valley than in the ‘northern, every parallel of latitude going northward showing a perceptible increase. In the Sierra foot-hills the rain is generally sufficient for all pur- : poses, without the artificial use of water, and higher in the mountains the fall of rain is abundant. Above’ the lower line of the timber forests the precipitation is principally in the form of snow, and is thus retained until the warm sun of early summer melts it and fills the streams jeading into the valley at a time when water is most needed. WATER SUPPLY. - From thé subject of rainfall we’ naturally pass toa consider- ation of the supply of water for irrigation. There are flowing from the Sierras, westward through the broad plain into Tulare - Lake, in Tulare County, King's, Kaweah, and Tule Rivers. White River, Deer Creek, and other smaller streams discharge their waters into the valley, but.only in anexceptionally heavy winter do their waters flow into the lake. From the Coast Range, on the westside of the valley, only a few small creeks issue, none of them of much importance for irrigation, as they are only small rills, save during the wettest portion of the rainyseason. King’s River, partly in Fresno and partly in Kern County, is the largest river in Southern Qalifornia, and drains a catchment area of 1,853 square ‘milds; the Kaweah River has a drainage area of 608 square miles; Tule River, 446 square miles; Deer Creek, 130 square miles; White River, 96 square miles. Bésides these there are a few smaller streams with watersheds in the lower hills only, that supply water to a small aggregate area of farming land. From these streams there are constructed a number of large canals and small ditches to convey the water to the farms on the plains. The total value of these works is about $1,000,000. The largest is the 76 Canal, taken from the south side of King’s River, and having a carrying capacity of 1,300 cubic feet of water per second. This canal measures 100 feet wide on the bottom and carries a head of water four feet in depth. From this same river are taken several other canals to furnish water 12 TorARE COUNTY, CALIFORNIA. BARNES & GRISWOLD, Visalia, Cal. Bright, Fearless and Outspoken on all Matters. Controlled by no rings or cliques, but devoted to the best interests of the County of Tulare and Southern California. The Brightest, Most Original, and Best Conducted Weekly in Southern California. PRICE, $2.00 Per Annum. FOR ADVERTISING RATES, Apply to the Publishers, Visalia, Tulare County, Cal. THE « DEMOCRATIC = FREE » PRESS, TULARE COUNTY; CALIFORNIA. 13 v to the morth western: part of the county. The Kaweah and. the . ‘branches forming its delta also provide water for a number of large ditches. Others are taken from both sides of Tule River, and two or three from Deer Creek. White River furnishes no water for irrigation, worthy of note. The mean rate of dis- - charge from all these. streams is abont 6,500 cubic feet _per.sec- ond- £21 ON TY "lla Xie In the: westefn and southerh portions of the county, lying between Tulare Lake and an irregular imaginary line, eight to sixteen miles east, is a section where artesian water may be pro- cured by boring from 300 to 600 feet. This section is farthest re- moved from the soiree of the whalef supply intlie mountain streams, but.may become independent ofit, leaving the region nearest the foot-hi.ls, where artesian water cannot be (or-has not been) ob- tained to besupplied from thence. There are already about 100 of these wells in the district. spoken of, and the number increases yearly. Effortsare being made to establish a system of distributing and using the water from the mountain streams, that will enable it to;be supplied. to all parts of the valley: When the methods em td del in perfection those that obtaih fo the older settled x sto 4 of Southern California, where-water is not so-plentiful, there will be less waste, and the supply will be adequate to irri- gate all portions of the plain and foot-hill valleys to which the water may be conducted. Even in the dryest year there would be enough water were a portion of it held for summer use in large reservoirs ia the (mbuntgins, where the cousruction of such would not be difficult. = TT DUTY OF WATER. Tt is roughly estimated that a-stream- carrying one cubic foot of water per second will irrigate 160 acres os land. The mean rate or discharge of water from the streams supplying Tulare County, estimating on 1his' basis ‘will ‘supply water to nearly 600,000 acres of land. But the deasons of greatest discharge are during the rainy season, and the early part of the dry or warm season, when the streams are fed by the melting snow, and carry the greatest amount of ‘waters. At is during this period that the water is used for irrigation, but for many crops it may also be 14 TuLARE COUNTY, CALIFORNIA. R.E. HYDE. President. | C.J.GIDDINGS, ‘The Bank of Visalia, VISALIA, CAL. Capital Paid Up - - $200,000, Surplus, $50,000.00. A General Banking Business Transacted. TULARE COUNTY, CALIFORNIA. 16 used during the winter months, after which a further application of water ‘will be unnecessary in summer, unless it be desired to grow a second crop, which is a common practice. Allowing for "the loss of a large percentage by seepage and evaporation, there is water enough in an average year at the time of the maximum discharge to water all portions of the valley that can be sup- plied by no other means, provided the whole valley were occnpied by farmers and no unnecessary waste ‘permitted. The average well in the artesian belt will furnish a volume equivalent to a stream, running one-half of ‘a cubic foot per second, or a «“gecond foot,” as it is usually called. Many of the wells will provide a larger supply of water. It is calculated that the average well, from which the water flows steadily at all times of the year, will irrigate a quarter section of land. But after land has been irri- gated a few years the substrata becomes saturated with water, and a much smaller amount is required. IRRIGATION. * The methods of irrigating vary according to circumstances. Where it is necessary to apply water: to fields of grain it is usu- ally done by dividing the land into sections of varying size, sur- rounded by low levees, into which the water is turned from a side ditch, conducting the water into the fields from the larger ditch or canal. - This is called flooding, and ‘is employed in the irrigation of alfalfa and other crops. Where the ground is of a porous nature and will permit the moisture to percolate readily, flooding is unnecessary, the soil being sufficiently wet by the seepage of water from ditches run through the fields at intervals of one-quarter or one-third of a mile, and sometimes the distance between them is greater. Fruit trees and vines are sometimes flooded and sometimes watered by small ditches made so as to run near. the rows. All of this work of making ditches and levees or embankments is done by the use of implements made especially for the purpose, and drawn by horses; the cost is, therefore, comparatively light. The usual expense of water for irrigation during the season is from one to two dollars per acre. A EO NA Alo ei ms 16 TULARE COUNTY, CALIFORNIA. STEVENS & CO. —————————— A BRIEF history will show that R. H. Stevens and F. R. Kel- lenberg are the enterprising proprietors of this mammoth estab- lishment, and that their store and stock of goods is the largest and most complete outside of San Francisco. They commenced progress in the year 1875, and through their close application to business and square dealing with their cus- tomers, they have not only gained an enviable reputation throughout the State, but have built up a business that is not precedented in the annals of California, which has well rewarded them for their exhausted energies. The following will give the reader an idea of ‘the different lines of goods of their stock in trade: Groceries” and Provisions, Agricultural Implements, Hardware, Crockery and Glassware, Stoves and Tinware, Dry Goods, Clothing and Furnishing Goods, Boots and Shoes, Hats and Caps, Carpets, Furniture of all de- scriptions, Wall Paper, Notions and Fancy Goods,.Doors and Windows, Paints and Oils, Wagons, Buggies, Carts, Buckboards, Phaetons, etc. Should you ever visit our Town or County, don’t fail to visit us, and you will receive courteous and polite attention whether you make a purchase or not. Respectfully yours, STEVENS & Co. Visalia, Tulare Co., Cal. TULARE COUNTY, CALIFORNIA. ——— SOILS. The soil in the eastern part of the valley near the Sierra foot- hills is of a gravelly nature, but rich and well adapted to the growth . of fruits. A few miles from the hills the character changes, a dark, sandy loam being most common. Many parts of the valley have at some time been subject to overflow, and here the soil is heavy. and black and very productive. Patches of a lighter, sandy soil, fertile, but perhaps not so lasting, are frequently encountered. The land in the foot-hills is of a red- dish clayey character, and in the mountain valleys of a rich, black loam. In many parts of the plain are tracts of what is known as “alkali lands.” At one time these were considered to be worthless, but at present some of the most productive farms in the county aresituated in these alkali belts. Alllandin which the salts common to the soils of the San Joaquin Valley are found in excessive quantities, giving the surface the appearance of being coated with ashes, is generally termed alkaline. But it is only those tracts that contain a large proportion of the carbonate of soda and other carbonates that may be properly termed alka- line, although soils that have every appearance of being such may contain an abundance of suspicious looking salts, which, however, are not hurtful to vegetation. Professor. Hilgard, of the College of Agriculture, of the Uni- versity of California, has given this matter considerable atten- tion, and made a great: number of analyses of the soils of the Tulare Valley. In his annual report for 1884, in speaking of the alkali salts from * wire-grass land” (commonly classed among the alkali soils), leached from a sample taken in the wooded flats two miles west of Visalia, he says:— ; «This soil is a very productive one, and the analysis shows unusually high percentages of potash, lime, and phosphoric acid. It being quite light in texture, the alkali does not interfere with its tillage, although the black rings it leaves upon evaporation of puddles of water standing on the soil show that it contains a large amount of carbonate of soda. The soil wassaturated with water which dissolved 1.20 per cent. of its weight. On ignition it lost about two-fifths, or .50 of organic matter ( dissolved hu- 18 TULARE COUNTY, CALIFORNIA. D. E. WALKER, 4 MANUFACTURER OF aSaddles, # Bridles,» BITS, SPURS, Saddle Trees and Harness Of All Descriptions. ‘Having been engaged in the manufacture of the above named articles for the last fourteen years in Visalia, I feel confi- dent that T can fill any order in my line—more especially in stock Saddles, Bits and Spurs, and Saddle Trees. I manufacture these goods for stock men in California, Arizona, New Mexico Montana, Idaho, Utah, Colorado, Nevada, and Oregon will send my complete Price List and Catalogue on application for the same. Last year (1884) I sold $20,000 worth of these goods and I feel Sugden should you favor me with an order, et 1 can give you a article. Ie oh Wh i mploy none but first-class work- In addition to the above, I have on hand and always keep a fine line of Henney Buggies, also the Davi i ST avis Gould Buggi Whips, Robes, and Fine Buggy Harness. Te D. E. WALKER, No. 1567 Main 8t, - - Visalia, Cal TouLARE CoUNTY, CALIFORNIA. 19 mus); and of the remaining 76 per cent., .52 was again solmnable in water, leaving 25 of insoluable residue, consisting mainly of carbonate of lime, with a little magnesia, as well as some iron and alumina (perhaps simply a. little clay). The soluable part, the « alkali” proper, was composed as follows: — Carbonate of Soda. . Carbonate of Potash Chloride of Sodium (common salt) Sulphate of Magnesia (Epson salt)...........----- Tri-Phosphate of Soda Sulphate of Soda (Glauber’s salt) Total ......-ucoser=nrgorns-ssnoan=sensg=yn «Tt thus appears that the soluable part of this alkali, nearly two-thirds (64.1 per cent.) consists of carbonates, which, there- fore, in the original soil would constitute .32 per cent. of the weight of the soil, including nearly .10 of potassic carbonate (saleratus), The total of potash found in the original soil is 1.224 per cent., a very unusually high percentage. It is therefore quite clear that no potash manures will be needed in this soil for a generation, at least; and so long as phosphate of soda circulates in the soil water, no bone meal will be called for. When this soil shall have been freed from its alkaline carbonates by the use of gyp- sum, it must become one of the most profusely fertile in the State.” : Thus it will be seen that this land, which was considered to be of poor quality, is actually fortile and easily tillable. The salts in these lands accumulate near the surface if the land is allowed to lie idle, and in many cases nothing is required but thorough cultivation to mix the injurious salts in the soil to a depth of several inches. It is in a very small area that the application of gypsum to neutralize the injurious elements is necessary. As above stated, much of this wire-grass and salt-grass land is ex- ceedingly fertile. : Of an analysis of alkaline efflorescence from soil on Kern Isl- and, Kern County, which is similar to some of the lands of Tulare, he says: — TULARE County, CALIFORNIA. VISALIA HOUSE, Visalia, Cal.’ But recently changed hands and thoroughly renovated. Strictly first-class in every particular. The best Board and Rooms in Visalia. Large Sample Rooms on first fioor. Charges to suit the times. Also Fine Bar, and Billiard Room Connected. J. N. WRENN, Prop’r.. E. L. VAN VALER. E F. WARN ER Alls SEE WELLS BORED In Any Part of the: County, at Reasonable Rates: oad an experience extending over fifteen. years in this val ley in well boring, we can make it an object to all parties desiring any. thing in this line to give us a eall. Gas and Water Pipe laid at reasonable rates. VAN VALER & WARNER, - Visalia, Gal. WATROUS® PHOTOGRAPHIC F ROOMS, Main Street, Below the Palace Hotel, PHOTOGRAPHS of All Sizes Taken in the Best and Latest Styles. Views of Ranches, Mines, and Buildings taken on ap- plication, also work done in Oil, Indian Ink, Water Colors, or Crayon. All work done" at reasonable rates, and satisfaction guaranteed. S. W. WATROUS, Visalia, Cal "TULARE COUNTY, CALIFORNIA. 21 “The crust yields to water 21.15 per cent. of soluable salie: the ‘solution upon evaporation and ignition of the residue gives: prm— Again soluable ai Insoluable. i. ..0 io. Lidl vas EE. aaa Organic matter and water : The soluable part is composed as follows: — ‘Sulphate of Soda Carbonate of Soda Chloride of Sodium. Sulphate of Potash Carbonate of Magnesia Total Soluable The insoluable part is composed as follows: — Carbonate of lime Carbonate of Magnesia Sulphate of Lime. . Iron Oxide and Alumina. | Total Tusoluabla... . co. J. iim mrad oinn rican 170 This “alkali” is accordingly of the milder sort, teeniaining only a relatively small proportion of the noxious carbonate oF soda. This explains why the crops on Kern Island | oe Su in spots on which, at times, the white efflorescence can * iv y scooped off. Yet the transformation of the carbonate o iy a, by the use of gypsum on the soil, would be an undoubted im- nt. EE alvse are very valuable in showing the true character of these lands, which have been imperfectly understood. It may be said here that scores of farmers have practically demonstrated this land to be capable of returning excellent yields of grain and other crops. GRAIN GROWING. For many years after the first settlement of the county, the attention of the population was devoted almost exclusively 2 the raising of stock of all kinds. But when the railroa 22 TULARE Counry, CALIFORNIA. I H THOMAS, OrcHARDIST ——AND— *NURSERYMAN, » Visalia, Cal. Parties wishing to plant orchards would do well to give me their orders for trees, as the information I ean give them as to varieties and treatment of the trees will be of more value to them than the cost of the trees, as I have made stone fruits a specialty, and have fruited 70 varieties of Peaches, 12 of Nectarines, and 14 of Apricots, and keep in stock at my nursery all the leading va- rieties that are worthy of growing. I have the earliest Peach, the earliest Apricot, and the latest i Fair for: fruits exhibited from my orc first for the best display by the producer. I also had the largest one-year-old trees on exhibition at the World’s Fair. During the fruit season I am prepared to fill all orders for extra fine fruits that may be wanted to ship to friends as a sam- ple of what Tulare County can do in the line of fruits, spondence solicited. Address I. H. THOMAS, P. O. Box 275, Visalia, Cal. Corre- TULARE COUNTY, CALIFORNIA. 23 entered the valley, in 1872, an influx of settlers followed, and the squatters’ cabins began to dot the surface of the great p Bg | until then given up to the herds of stock that Da an : Fields were plowed and canals were constructed to SH from the rivers to the farmers’ lands. ‘The population ge ny increased, and the raising of stock becoming of secon RY u- portance to the agricultural industries, the vast herds of ¢ a and mustangs were driven to more sparsely settled gions. 2 all but the most favorable years it was found Betematy Jee water for irrigation, in the manner before spoken o, adi pute means large crops were secured every season, het er lo rains fall was light or heavy. The growing of wheat fs Bow bo the most important of the farming industries, and A yeas 1 Ne the average was increased by the addition of abou hl 4 x acres. Barley, oats, rye, and other grains are sown, Sia two mentioned on a comparatively small extent, excep a : the foot-hills. ‘The total area of grain fields in the ie Te about two hundred and seventy-five thousand acres. a though a less important crop here than in the MiesissiPD val ley, is also grown to a considerable extent, particular y Eve! fan corn, which has largely given place to the common maize. Oh kinds grow luxuriantly and yield well. Egyptian Sore is fe quently planted in the fields after a crop of wheat o ar oy s been harvested, a single irrigation being sufficient to i hh good yield. Indian corn is also planted the i ay} bot : however, produce much better when planted ear] y- 3 ge amount of wheat, barley, and oat hay is grown; bu purpose the principal crop is ALFALFA, A species of clover petalias) 2apred a, By dita, 3 it sends its roots to a great depth in se : hi irrigated may be cut from three to five times y y i a be used for pasturage late in the fall and early i ow Sig the most vomits na as as much as fifteen tons per acre of cure ’ ; i is probably about five to eight tons to the acre aa the ee a crops grown in the county, and ToLARE County, CALIFORNIA. RP GRANT, Main St, = Belen, Confectionery, Tobacco, Cigars, and Meerschaum Goods, Etc. - Viealia. 3-.C. WARD, Main Street, - = = Visalia, Cal —DEALER IN—— Books, Stationery. Jewelry, Watches, Clocks, AND MUSICAL INSTRUM Repairing under the charge of 5 Competent Workman EXCHANGE HOTEIL, VISALIA, CAL. Board and Room Per Day, $1.25. Single Meals, 35. Beds, 50 and 250, FRANK COLLINS, 1 «i. = = Proprietor. B® it will. bo chiefly 7, valuable for eT, raisers, ho place their main dependence u hit both. for. pasturage during the spring, sum- mer, and fall months, and for hay during the winter season. It will support a larger number of stock to the acre than any other product grown, although a .great variety of grasses, and forage plants are cultivated. It is the principal food for cattle among the dairy ranches, as well as on those where beef cattle only are raised. , THE ‘DAIRY. Altho the e climate d ing the long summer is - eral d Sa a as = returns, Nakai on and butter betng manufactured. In adjoining counties there are some very large. ones; also others worked on the co-operative plan successfully. - ‘Farmers who gell their milk’ to the latter, count up a Yirge annual return from each cow, with the mini- mum, amount of labor. Dairying isin its infancy in Tulare County ‘and all parts of the San J oaquin Vv alley, but every suc- ceeding year wititesses a material increase in the total yield of uiey protucts. an STOCK: RATSING. ¢ 1h The raising of stock of all kinds is Teenie important, and must ere many years supplant grain growing in a great measure, being more profitable. ‘This is a business for which Tulare County is by nature well: adapted. ‘As already noted the large annual yield of alfalfa, which does not require seeding or culti- vation after: the first year, is a most valuable adjunct. The ~ mildness of the climate renders the building of expensive stables and sheds unnecessary, and stock of all kinds may and in most cases, indeed, do pass the winter without shelter of any kind from: the weather. During recent years the: straind of horses, dairy and beef cattle, swine, and sheep have been greatly improved, and the commonest kinds, once so plentiful, are be- coming scarce. Af the annual stock exhibition, held under the auspices of the Tulare Valley Agricultural - Association, many fine specimens of road and draught horses, which have ‘few superiors in the State, are exhibited. The raising of mules has also proved remunerative to those who have engaged in it. In 9 2 ‘TULARE County, CALIFORNIA. ® THE * PIONEER « HOSE, » S SWEET & 00, Wholesale and Retail Dealers in Lumber, Wool, & Grain. on Owing to the growing trade and for th i hia Siri a5 have recently separated our various Departmento, alums, we each branch to itself. We have a g Dry # and + Faney # Goods « Department, Second to none outside of San Francisco. Clothing & Gents’ F urnishing Goods; Boots & Shoes, Hats & C aps. | ~~ AT SOL Millinery and Dressmaking Department, Family Groceries and Queensware, Hardware, Stov. i : ’ ; es 3 Farming Implements of the latest Im rovements, Bi = arpeniers Tools and Building Material, Furniture and Bedding farpe 8 and Wall Paper, Also proprietor of Sweet’s Saw Mill and umber Yard, and dealers in all kinds of Farmers’ Produce, S. SWEET & CO., Main Street, Visalia, TULARE County, CALIFORNIA. an different parts of the county several farms are to be devoted ex- clusively to the raising of improved grades of stock. For good ef cattle there is always a demand, at good priges,.a Shere vol po Gortof the woria. when they can be wa ply as'he ;and ‘where ‘the returhs are more 5 tisfagtory e two « great adyantages are the produetiveness of alfalfa, and the mild- ness of the climate. It is the natural paradise of stockmen, as all will testify who have engaged in the business in other States, and when the ‘country becomes more thickly settled will become famous for its fine breeds of stock of all kinds, for which it al- dy has more thania local representations. | # ja : FRUIT GROWING. The growing or Balle and stock raising are destined to be- come the principal ‘industries of Talaré County, and. it has a - large area, well suited for the former purpese. All fruits com- mon to the temperate and sub-tropical regions may be grown in some portion of the county, and there is no land where a greater variety of fruits may be successfully cultivated. The kinds that do best in the valley lands are the stone fruits; stich as the peach, apricot, nectarine, plum, prune, etc.” These are also g - among the foot-hills. The first ripe peaches to reach the San Francisco market in the §edrs 1883 and 1884 were from Tulare County. ‘They ripen inthe foot-hills some ten days sooner than on the plains, and in the valley about two weeks sooner than in most other of the best known frait growillg sections of Cali- fornid. “The quality is excellent and shipments are made daily during the fruiting season, to markets in the heart of famous fruit regions. A large trade has also been built up with Arizona and New Mexico by a Visalia fruit grower, which increases an- nually. , £3) Apricots and nectarines in many parts of the State do not produce well, as a rule, but in Tulare and adjacent counties nothing is left to be desired on this score. The prune is one of the most profitable of the. stone fruits, and grows to perfection here. Pears of all varieties also do well in the plain lands, and experienced fruit growers say that none produced in any portion of the Pacific Coast are superior. Early apples do splendidly, TULARE COUNTY, CALIFORNIA. Situated on the corner of Main ani Asegua Streets, VISALIA, = - Oalifoirnin. J. M. CANTY, Proprietor. BUGGIES, CARRIAGES, PHAETONS, ETC. WORK HORSES, DRIVING AND SADDLE HORSES, And the best Fresh Milch Cows and Brood Mares. Is prepared at the shortest notice to transport parties to any part of the county. TurARE COUNTY, CALIFORNIA; 29 but, later varieties are. better when grown in the mountains, where the summer temperature is less. Small fruits produce abundantly, also. Among other orchard fruits grown may be mentioned the walnut, almond, chestnut, olive, pomegranate, Japanese persimmon, loquat, mulberry, ete. : ic The fig grows thriftily, and’ demands a few words of special notice, . This is one of the most profitable fruits that can be raised in Tulare County, for several reasons. It is long-lived, is not subject to attacks of insect pests or disease, is readily propa- gated, requires little cultivation, and there is always a good demand for the prepared fruit. They bear fruit at an early age— as.do all trees in this county—and at the age of six or seven years and after begin every year to bear during the summer, and continue until the frosts come in the fall, each tree producing two or more tons of fruit during the season. In drying the fig there is little loss of weight, and in this respect it. is one of the most profitable fruits. The White Adriatic, the fig of commerce, and other of the best varieties do as well as the commonest, and only the best kinds of all fruits should be planted. California canned, preserved, sun-dried, and evaporated fruits have the world for a market, and the greater part of that grown in Tulare County will be thus prepared. It is relevant to remark here that the local nurseries are able to supply fruit trees of all kinds adapted to the country; that there are no healthier ones in the State, and that they are free from infection by insect pests, which cannot be said of those of all parts of the State. It is to the interest of all to keep the orchards thus free, and the new- comer and all other farmers should positively refuse to purchase, at any price, nursery stock that is not guaranteed to be “ true to name and free from infection,” whether it be from a local nursery or one located in any other part of the State. A nurseryman havy- ing healthy trees will not hesitate to warrant his stock to be 80. VINEYARDS. Tulare County is the home of the grape, and here may be found all of the leading varieties of America and Europe, as well as some of the less desirable kinds, which, however, are rapidly ‘OVERLAND LIVERY STABLE, Court Street, Visalia, Cal. J. V. HUFFAKER, - Proprietor. The undersigned has’ fitted up the ‘most complete Livery Stable establishment in this part of the State. Finest turnouts and fastest teams ever brought to Tulare HORSES BOARDED County. By the day or week on reasonable terms. A Hearse always in readiness to send to any part of the County, TULARE COUNTY, CALIFORNIA. 33 dried and sold simply as “dried grapes,” at a good profit. The vineyard, the orchard, and the stock farms will eventually com- prise Tulare County’s principal sources of wealth, and all will admit of unlimited exhaustion; because of the fact that few Places in the world are so well adapted ‘naturally to these par- ticular branches as the southern San Joaquin Valley and the foot-hill and mountain lands that flank either side of it. THE THERMAL BELT. Within the foot-hill region of the Sierra line is a warm bel t where the temperature is several degrees warmer than on the plains; where the frosts commence later in the fall and cease earlier in the latter part of winter or first of spring; and where ‘the sheltered nooks and valleys are protected from all the winds. Ia Tulare County this belt is wider and warmer than in the ‘counties farther north, and it is within its limits that the earli- ‘est fruit is grown. This region is naturally adapted for fruits, particularly those that ripen very early in the year, or those that require a warm climate in which to ripen late in the year, like citrus fruits, which are too tender for the open plain, ex- cept in sheltered positions. Here the orange, the lemon, and the lime, sensitive to the lightest frost, thrive and bear well. These fruits have been grown in this part of the State for the last ten years on asmall scale, but experiments have proved that there is a belt several miles in width extending through the county in which these fruits may be cultivated profitably, and every year a number of trees are planted by people living in the foot-hills. They bear earl y, and the atmosphere is so pure and dry that the black smut and other fungus growths and insect pests with which they are affected in those portions of the more south- erly counties nearer the sea, having a more humid air, do not trouble here; and, in fact, some young trees brought from such districts that are already covered with such growths, become entirely free from them, as they do at Riverside in San Bernardino County, a noted orange-growing country, where the leaves of the trees are always bright looki ng and the fruit perfectly clean. The lime is the most sensitive of all the citrus fruits, but grows as well in the thermal belt in Tulare County as in any part of Southern California. TULARE COUNTY, CALIFORNIA. .. Bh A, BoTsroRD, Botsford & 3 f Aan R ey LOAN AGENTS. Cor. Main and Court Sts., Under Palace Hotel, VISALIA CAL LOANS NEGOTIATED ON REAL ESTATE. Buy and sell Real Estate, Farms and Ranches. N e- gotiate bonds, notes, and deeds of trust. Make a specialty of caring for city property and collecting cents, and do a general real estate business, War. H. Hamu. TULARE COUNTY, CALIFORNIA. 85 To give the area of this warm region is impossible; to define the upper and lower limits is also impossible, for iso- thermal lines are always irregular. But there is a large ar a where early and semi-tropical fruits may be cultivated success- fully, and which ere many years will be devoted to such. Some of the oranges and lemons grown in this county compare favor- ably with those from the famous orange districts, in color, size, and flavor, and are far above the average. With the exergise of proper care in selecting the best varieties, and by giving them the necessary attention, citrus culture will prove as remunerative here as elsewhere. Thereare a great many orange trées in the val- ley, but usually only a few in a place, where they are protected from the morning sun, which blasts the foliage when the weather is cold and frosty, if its warmth falls upon them too suddenl y. The open plain is too ¢old for the lemon and lime, but whether the orange may be grown there successfully or not in large orchards remains to be demonstrated by further experiments. MISCELLANEOUS. CROPS. In addition to the many agricultural and horticultural indus- tries already enumerated that may be followed are others from which the farmer can realize handsomely. Among other crops grown, without. going into detail concerning them, may be men- tioned cotton, hops, buhach or Persian insect powder, sugar beets, sugar cane, sorghum, flax, ramee, licorice root, melon, peais or the melon bush, peanuts, and, in addition, all kinds of vegetables, including several introduced from other parts of the world. Vegetables of some kind may be had at all seasons of the year, and may be grown with little trouble. In some places tomato vines and other garden vegetables, sensitive to frost, will live two or three years. ORNAMENTAL PLANTS. In connection with the above it may not be out of order to note the fact that in the gardens, surrounding the homes of this portion of California, may be seen a great variety of beautiful ornamental, and flowering shrubs and plants common to all of the Northern and Southern States, including among those from TITER “he Tollowing are some, of ihe aii pieces of land for sale by.’ Sin oo. § HANNON REAL ESTATE AGENTS," i gubirons | VISALIA, CAL. ER 61 These lands are being rapidly settled up, and persons de- sirous of obtaining them should not delay i in making their appli: cation, We have about 6,000, acres of State lands situated’ on the margin of Tulare Lake. These lands are sedimentary and very productive, easily cultivated, and in'a fine climate, can be easily protected from overflow, and are really as good lands : as can be obtained from settlement at low figures anywhere, : These lands willbe sold in quantities to suit purchasers, rang- ing in price from $1.25 to $15.00 per acre, owing te locality, im- provements, etc. The lands can he purchased on part Payments; the deferred payments.secured by mortgage on the land, For fruit, vines, corn, and alfalfa, and, i in; fact, wheat and TuLARE CoUNTY, CALIFORNIA, 37 he latter the. magnolia, oleander, and (Several species of palm et | An, striking and pleasing. contrast with those from colder latitudes. Beautiful lawns, green during all months of the year, climbing plants of various kinds, festooning arbors and veranda, may be made to ornament ‘the grounds and’ dwellings of every resident in a short time, with a little attention. 'Hun- dreds of varieties of roses may be had from the nurse there no Aower that ay be grown, with 30. little, jy Beauti ful’ ouguets may he gathered every day in (he ear from gardens grown in the ,opea air. The floricalturist will ind much to be Ria at all's seasons ‘of the year... i 3 THE APIARY. Bee-farmin 8 another important industry i in all the soothe counties of fas The, total product of the State from the apiaries i in 1884 was: honey in the comb, 1, 692, 000 pounds; ex- tracted honey, 6, 754,000 pounds; total amount oF honey, 8,446,- 000 pounds. In addition to this there were 100,000 pounds, of bees-wax. Several large apiaries are. in Tulare County, where the mildness of ‘the climate and the long season during which bees may. pasture on, the wild flowers, and those in: the. cultivated fields, )gardens, and orchards; permits of the. storing of honey in the hives during a greater. part of the year. California honey is exported in large quantities to Europe every year, and the démand is on’ thie'f increase. : : TRAN SPORTATION. The. Southend Pacific Railroad passes through the San Joaquin Valley and traverses the! county from north to south, and at Mojave, in Kern County, connection is made ‘with ‘the Atlantic and Pacific line; thus communication is had with San Francisco, and the Southern States and Territories; and the Central States of the Union direct. * There is also a short branch of the Southern Pacific road running through the western part of the coiinty to the Coast Range, connecting with the main line at Goshen. An- other short line extends from Goshen eastward seven miles to Visalia. Other roads to run through the valley have been sur- veyed, but nothing definite can be said as to the time of their completion. A ones, ER SIS i a — y GI Ss 3 HS 38 TULARE COUNTY, CALIFORNIA. barley, a Jy portion of the State that will yield as great a revenue from the money invested; being damp, land are al ways sure of a crop. Ea 2 és P pis you ae ft All Jand 1 i 0 5 oluh dk iy t ; ait ha 8 shown to Bessons desirous of purchasing, free of ex- 2,740 Acres. 8 miles ‘northeast of Portersville, on Tule vo River; house, 2 good barns, 20 acres in alfalfa; portion of the land has been cultivated: small grchard and vine- yard; one-third of it under fence, 4 miles of water front on Tule River, always running water, a fine outside range for stock. Terms easy; price, $8.00 per acre. 61 ‘BBQ Acres. 11 miles west from Tulare City; all in cultivation, A fine flowing well on’ the land. Terms, one-third cash. price $20.00 per acre. ah oT, Be eh Acres in Stokes Valley, north from Visalia: all in cultiva. tion. One-third cash; price, $10.00 per acre. : 63 24) Acres. 3 miles north from Portersville; house, large heks; "has all been cultivated, ditch from Tule’ River. Terms one-third cash; price, $15.00 per ‘acre. HAD ae i 64 Acres. 2 miles south from Grangeville; fenced and cross fene.- ing; in a high state of cultivation; the Southern Pacific Rail- road runs through it; ditches and water, 30 acres in alfalfa, some vines and fruit trees, one of the best, 80 acres fair vine- yard and orchard, in the Mussel Slough district, soil No. 1. Price, $75.00 per acre. 65 1,000 Acres. 18 miles north from Visalia; house of .6 rooms, 4 granaries, 12x36, shed on either side for farming ma- chinery, blacksmith shop, barn 60x24, a fine spring and 4 wells; all in cultivation. Price, $12.00 per acre. 66 0 Acres. 4 miles southeast of Visalia House; barn, bored well; all fenced with redwood posts and pine lumber; all in cultivation. Price, $40.00 per acre. 43 . TULARE, COUNTY, CALIFORNIA. 39 Barotgaing ii co LANDS. ihn Bi sdsalh, § bd “Within ‘the limits of Tulare County is a large aggregate area “of vacant land. The best land or that most favorably situated is the first taken, and the pioneer settlers of the [valley -occu- pied the land nearest the streams. , Bul the. quality of the land miles away on the plain is as good as the best, and since the large irrigating canals previously alluded to have been con, structed to carry water to ‘all'parts of the valley, the situation, "as regards nearness to the natural water courses, makes little difference. There are now, 100,000. acres of Nacaut Gower pipeye -land in the valley, and 112,000 acres among the foot-hills, while higher in the mountains there are 450,000 acres of unentered United States lands. | These yacanit Jands are subject to!ehtry under the Pre-emption and Homestead laws; a large amount also ‘is’ to be acquired wader the Timber Culture and Desert Land ‘Acts, and" the’ forest-covered mountain ‘lands’ may be had in “tracts of 160 acres; under the ‘Timber Claim Act. Entries on these Tands are being made ‘every day; but it will require a large addition to the agricultural ‘population’ before all'is taken up, “although the most desirable pieces of land will‘fall to the first applicants, Gogh od Ls | There is also in the valley and foot-hills a large amount of railroad 'land, the Southern Pacific Company having received from the Government a grant of each alternate square mile of -- land (the odd numbered (sections) for a distance of twenty miles on each side of the track; and ‘where any of the odd-numbered sections within the limithad been entered previous to the grant- ing of this land, they are allowed «to ' go’ beyond and select an equal amount: in. the “lieu lands,” ‘reserved for: that purpose. The agricultural lands owned by the railroad company are sold at prices ranging from $2.50.t0 $16.00 per acre, according to situ- ation and other advantages. The poorest of the grazing land in the hills may be had for 25 cents an dere. ; Besides the lands spoken of there is: much more owned by private parties in larg» and small tracts to be bought on reason- able terms. It may be had improved or unimproved as the pur- chaser desires, The prices for such range from $5.00 to $100 per Toiixs Covi, Cabirorivia. uy 640 Acres. 12 miles northwest from Visalia; unimproved: «yi 00 Cross Creek and People’s Ditch runs through “it. Price ; $7.50 per acre. » : 3 : ; ! Te i ! a ’ : 160 Acres. 12'miles northeast from Visalia, 6n Kaweah River; 10 acres cleared, heavy, dark land, fine for potatoes. Price $15.00 per acre. ) te fig #4 Higy 160 Acres. b miles northeast of Porterville; ; no ‘fiprove. ' ments. . Price, $7.50 per acre. AIR abt eaes 46 16() Acres. 2 niles east from Plano: House and ba be : rn; has "cultivated. ' Price, $10.00 per acre. oi pots 90 Acres. 5 miles southeast from Hanford: i 320 ments. Price, $10.00 per aa Hanford; 59 ; Bi '32() Acres. | 4 miles southwest from Visalia, 2 miles fram aes | 0 a, 2 miles from switch of Southern Pacific Railroad Company; 160 acres of oak timber; house and well, surrounded by fence, 120 acres in cultivation, fine fruit and vine land, eresk runs through it; wood enough can be cut from it to pay for land. Price, $35.00 per acre. | 49 160 Acres. 2 miles northeast of Visalia; house and barn, all fenced, can all be irrigated; some oak timber, part of it Cultivated. Price, $30.00 per acre. 62 10,000 Acres. 9 miles south from Hanford, and 17 miles west, from Tulare City, situated in delta of Cross Creek © 4 miles of water front on’ Tulare Lake, protected from lake by levee. Within artesian belt, a flowing well on the land; adjoining 3,000 acres has been cultivated in wheat barley, corn, and alfalfa. Alfalfa grows without irriga. tion, crops can be raised on the lower portion any and all years, without irrigation. Water ditches from King’s River and Cross Creek cover the northern portion. 4 houses and sheds, bored wells; soil heavy tule and sand loam. Price, $12.50 per acre. = Can be made one of the finest r i is i anches in South ifornia : 1s a fine piece for a colony, it being sure of a cro wi California; 44 TULARE COUNTY, CALIFORNIA. 41 acre, according to location and the kind and extent of the im- provements. The figures are increasing rapidly, on fruit lands particularly. In older settled portions of the State where the soil and climateare not better adapted for orchards and vines, and in many places not so well such lands sell at $200 to $600 per acre, and it will be only a very few years until these prices obtain in Tulare County. Many fruit growers from other coun- ties realize this fact and are selling their orchards and purchas- ing lands in Tulare at lower figures, which, they say, ‘will produce fruit that cannot be excelled in aay part of the Pacific Coast. POPULATION. The population of Tulare County, compared with its large area, is small indeed. By the United States census of 1880, the num- ber of inhabitants was found to be 11,281; since that time it has been increasing more rapidly, and is now about 16,000, the greater part of the gain being within the last eighteen months. The present number of inhabitants per square mile is only two and one-half; or, leaving out the mountains and hills, which comprise the larger part of the area, the number is six and one- half to the square mile. The State of New Jersey, which is hut a little larger than Tulare County, has a population of 1,130,000. Taking from this 130,000 for the population of Jersey City, the balance of the State supports a population of 134 persons to each square mile. ‘The: valley portion cof Tulare, were it so thickly settled, would have 326,156 inhabitants; and there would still be 3,930 square miles included in the slopes of the Sierra Nevada and Coast Range Mountains, capable of supporting a large ad- ditional population. Immigration is now coming into the county more largely than ever before, but it will be several years before the country has a “ finished ” appearance. TOWNS. The county seat of Tulare County is Visalia, situated on Mill Creek, an off-shoot of the Kaweah River, in the midst of a forest of great white oaks, and seven and a half miles from the South- ern Pacific Railroad, with which it is connected by a short line, 42 TULARE COUNTY, CALIFORNIA. 3,220 pres. 10 miles noitheast fot Visalia: 1 Deroy frame house of ‘8 rooms, brick store-house ard cellar, 2’ = bars, 2 granaries, long shed for Horses; stall ‘Rouse snd large bara on section 17, small Hots "and ‘40 ‘abres forced on section 7. Cottonwood reék russ froiigh the land: ¥ $30.00 per acre. > LC RAL Clad aval: ee Veo at md Te Any 000 Sal lage FT eg gh evry fT 2,000 acres in cultivation, 1,600 “acres under fends, Price, TYE oY : yi REA doy god sv il iE : HAE i y Liioea HR Dil L 2] I Artasian Bolt Raine doarys! , proved, within +" artesian ‘belt, flowing well’ on ‘adjoining ‘section, Price $7.50 per acre. One-half mile from railroad. 794 40 Acres. 5 miles. southess fiom Ti i ithi UL TT oa vest, trom. Lipton, unimproved, within 1c Artesian belt, Price, $10.00 per acre. 3 des a ay rail- road. it FRIIS TRIAL SE DOSHRE Tei { 30d Sy } PF sod did oe ke i .72B id id dui "yi 8() Acres.” 20°miles east’ from" Vishlia’ uniitiproved, Hid'a fine’ Spring, controls'a Jargé mountain range.” Price $9.75" per acre. YI 80 Se vere rd wkend Yor aches re ona 790 320 Acres. 6 ‘miles southwest ‘from Tipton; unimproved; in: artesian belt, 5 miles from Southern: Pacific Railrdad: will sell either 160 acres. - Price; $6.50 per acres’ : 72D 0 Acres." 7 miles southwest from Tij ‘uhim] on {ag ; . pton; ‘unimproved, in’ az- tesian belt. ' All of these No. 'r2 (AB) OC, 4 B)dire fine grape and fruit land. Artesian whter in’ bout 256 to 400 "feet, good flows; are all good places; aid ‘only a ‘short dis: “tance from rdilroad:’ Price; $4.50 per acre, i Je 798 444 Acres. 7 miles northeast from’ Visalia, on Kaweah' River: good house and barn; 825 acres fenced, 275 acres in whet and barley, 85 acres in alfalfa; ditch on the land, 2 shares of ditch stock; fruit trees and grape vines; 20 head of cattle, mostly cows, 6 head of work horses, 65 head hogs and Pigs; 2 wagons, gang ‘plows, mower, and all farming implements; one of the ‘best places for fruit, vines and alfalfa in the county. Price, $14,000. ! 50 TULARE COUNTY, CALIFORNIA. 43 as previously stated. This is the only incorporated city in the county, and the inhabitants within the city limits ‘number about 1,800, but adding to these the number in the immediate sub- urbs will’ probably bring the total to 2,600. The county has a large and elegant Court House in Visalia. Here also is located the United States Land Office for the Visalia district, compris- ing ‘all of Tulare and Kern Counties, and a large portion of Fresno.’ The Land Office of the Southern Pacific Railroad Company is likewise in Visalia; and here too is the office of the Deputy United States Internal Revenue Collector for the dis- trict. The city is situated in the center of a fertile farming region and the oldest settled portion of the county, and is im- proving more rapidly than at any time within the past ten years. It has a large public school-house, ample for all the children of the city and vicinity. Here is also the Visalia Normal School an excellent private institution, well patronized by this and sur- rounding counties. The newspapers printed in the city are the Visalia Delta, the pioneer paper of this part of the State, being founded in 1857, the Zwlare Times, and the Dem. Free Press. Tulare, the next town in size and importance, is ten miles from’ Visalia, on the main line of the railroad, and is the end of the Tulare division. The extensive repair shops and round house of the company are situated here, and afford employment to a large number of people. Tulare is a lively town of some 1,500 inhabitants, lying near the srtesian belt, and is building up rapidly. As an evidence of the character of the people, it may be noted that last year they voted for the issuance of bonds to the amount of $20,000 for the building of a school-house, and the large brick building erected with the money is an orna- ment to tke place and an honor to the people. The Register, a weekly paper, is published here. Traver, in the northern part of the county, also on the main railway line, is a new town, but, having a large farming country back of it, watered by the 76 Canal, its growth has been’ rapid. The auction sale of lots took place on the 8th of April, 1884, and building commenced immediately after. It is an important grain shipping point, and has the largest grain warehouse in the county. 44 TULARE County, CALIFORNIA, — 160: Acres. 314 miles southeast from Visali 3 all fenced, some ‘neo cress fence, house and barn; 40 acres in alfalfa, 90 acres in cultivation; fruit trees and. grape vines; ditches con- - a0 strueted for irrigation, one-half share of ditch stock, vv Price; $85.00 per.acre, ©... igoislurn woSh 163 Acres, 6 miles northeast. from Hanford: 20 acres in alfalfa, 60 acres in cultivation, People’s Ditch runs through it, all can be irrigated. Price, $20.00 per acre. FEDS 160 Acres. 8 miles Southwest of Tulare City; house 16x32, _. barn 16x40, bored well, some fencing, wagon shop; 30 acres in cultivation, 3 acres in alfalfa, some young fruit trees and grape vines; one 4-horse scraper, hay rack, 7 tons of hay; in the artesian belt. Price, $20.00 per acre. 59 80 Acres. '2 miles south from Farmersville; fenced and eross ' fenced, small house, some oak timber; 25 acres in alfalfa, all in’ cultivation, ditch rung through ‘it. : Price, $25.00 ‘per acre. its by wl ai bubugp 142 Acres. 2 miles south of Visalia; all under fence, on Tu- .lare City road, two water rights, fine fruit, vine, and alfalfa land. Terms, one-half cash. Price, $30.00 per acre, 10 480 Acres. 2 miles north from Visalia; unimproved, good : land; terms easy. Price, $12.50 per acre. 12 160 Acres. 4 miles northwest from Visalia; good house and barn, all fenced, 20 acres in alfalfa, 80 acres cultivated, small orchard, some grape vines. One-half cash. Price, $5,000. 26 64.0 Acres. 4 miles south from Visalia; Kaweah Canal runs through it; some oak timber, good fruit and vine land, un- improved. Price, $15.00 per acre. 33 260 Acres. 3 miles east from Visalia; good house; all in cul- tivation, can be irrigated from Kaweah Canal. Price, $25.00 per acre. 29 ‘TULARE COUNTY, UALIFORNTA. 45 Other smaller places on the Southern Pacific Road are Goslien, where the short lines alluded to branch off to the eastward and westward: and Tipton, ten miles south of Tulare. ' ° On the Mussel Slough branch railway, running westward to the Coast Range, are Hanford, Lemoore, and at the terminus the little station of Huron. Hanford and Lemoore are situated in the center of a rich agricultural section. The former has a population of about 900 and the latter 500. Three miles north- west of Hanford is the small town of Grangeville, with a popu- lation of about 100." ; : # Twenty-eight miles southeast of Visalia, near the edge of the foot-hills of the Sierra Nevada, where Tule River debouches onto the plain, is the town of Porterville, in a scattering growth of oak timber. The population is about 230. Two and a half miles east is the smaller town of Plano. There are a few other small places in the county. AP SCHOOLS. In all the towns and settlements in the county there are ex- cellent schools. The laws of California are very liberal in re- gard to the matter of education, and her School system’ has the name, among well-known - educators, of being one of the most perfect employed in any State in the Union. The examinations required of the applicant before receiving a certificate entitling him to teach in the public schools are very rigid in this county. None but the most thorough succeed: ‘The schools are well at- tended, and usually continue in session eight or ten months of each year. wan There are also in all of the towns a number of churches of different denominations, and several distributed through the country districts, HEALTH. The health of the residents of Tulare County is excellen t, and the rate of mortality is lower than in any other part of the State, save in contiguous territory. In the region about Tule River, where it issues from the mountains, and in the Kaweah delta north of Visalia, both old settled districts and both more 46 3 840 Acres. 11 miles west from Tulare, on Packwood Creek; : ] | TULARE COUNTY; CALIFORNIA, fine alfalfa land, within the artesian belt, unimproved, “good fruit and vine land. ' Price, $7.50 per acre. | 82. Acres. 2 ‘miles north from Visalia, surrounded ‘bys 4 wire fence; heavy, dark land, unimproved. Price, $9 50 per acre. at 135 160 Acres. Situated in Stokes Valley ; house, : giatinty. dborei well; 140 acres in cultivation; dry bog, po. $2,000. 38 154 1,240 Acres. 8 miles southeast from ‘Visalia.’ No’ i ipiove. ments. “400 acres in cultivatior 4. Price, $1500. "9 - Acres. 2 miles southwest from Visalia; small house and 240 barn, bored well, 80 acr og of timber land, 160 acres of the land in cultivation. one-twelfth of the Evans’ Ditch. Price, $35.00. 41 Acres. 2 miles west from Visalia, all fenced; Mill Creek runs through the land; also good ditch. Price, $30.00. 42 Acres. 12 miles northeast from Visalia; good farm- house of 8 rooms, large barn. 400 acres under good fence, 30 acres in alfalfa, fruit trees, and grape vines, 4 acres in garden in fine cultivation. 280 acres of the 400 acres under fence in cultivation. 480 acres not fenced in cultivation in wheat, barley, and corn. Willow and cot- tonwood timber in the river bottom (Kaweah River). ‘Good school-house on the land; 8 cubic feet of water, five irrigation ditches built. Price, $17.00 per acre. 67 Acres, Adjoining the town of Farmersville: house, barn, all fenced. 5 acres of orchard. 1 share of People’s Ditch. No. 1 fruit land. Price $25.00 per acre, TULARE CoUNTY, CALIFORNIA. 47 or less swampy, malarial ‘complaints are ‘not uncommon’ during the warm season; but in’ almost every instance such illness is due to improper drainage and to the ‘use of surface water for drinking. ‘Where water ‘is allowed ‘to stand ‘in shallow pools in'the vicinity of dwellings until it stagnates, it is almost im- possible to escape contracting fevers: but by the exereisé of rea- sonable precaution there is little liability to sickness. The sec. tions ‘of the county here spoken of are but a small part of the whole. The dryness and 'purity of the atmosphere ahd the prevalence of the northwest breezes in summer, which blow nearly every day after 10 A.M, render it one of the healthiest countries in the world. The nights also are invariably cool, even after the hottest mid-simmer days, so that oné ‘may sleep com- fortably. A hot, sultry night, such ‘as is common in the Summer time in the Eastern States, is unknown in this portion of Cali- fori o's umm oo Ub] Tt may also be remarked here that among the neighboring Sier- ras are hundreds of pleasant valleys and nooks where the people of the valley may resort for rest and, if necessary, recuperation, among . the cool, health-giving breezes of the mountains. Many people every year spend a few weeks, or perhaps months, ¢ roughing it” among the giant pine and redwood forests, in the vicinity of some beautiful, crystal stream. Clear, cloudless skies may be reckoned on from the end of spring until the middle of autumn, and no shelter is required from sudden rain-storms, such as are 80 common elsewhere in the same latitude farther eastward. In : these mountains and also in the Coast Range are a number of springs, hot and cold, containing excellent medicinal properties, which are resorted to every year by many people. As regards the matter of health, Tulare County ranks amongst the best. CONCLUSION. There are few places that offer to the settler equal advantage to those. possessed by Tulare County; few in favor of which so much can be truthfully said. In addition to what has been said 48 TouLARE COUNTY, CALIFORNIA. Acres. 3 miles north from Visalia, all under fence, 700 1,792 acres in cultivation, about 100 acres in alfalfa, 2 acres in orchard and vineyard. One. two-story brick house of 7 rooms, one large barn, three box stalls, bored well and turbine windmill; also one frame house of five rooms, and a barn; and frame house of 3. rooms. Sufficient ditch stock for water to irrigate all the land. . Ditches dug. Elban Creek, in which there is never. failing water, runs ‘through the ranch. Price, $30.00 per.acre.; 69 Acres. Situated one mile north of Visalia; all fenced, some 30 oak timber, one share of ditch stock. For yines, fruit trees, and garden, it cannot be surpassed. ; Price, $1,100. The ditch stock can be cashed for $400. dn 7 Acres. 6 miles east from Tulare; fenced with plank, 1,440 barn 114 feet long, 100 acres in alfalfa, 2 shares of ditch stock. Outside creek runs through the land. 1,000 acres in cultivation. Small house. Terms, one-half sab, Price, $20.00. : Acres. 7 miles northeast from Tulare, 6 miles southeast 952 from Visalia, in two improved farms, each fenced. Two houses and barns, fruit trees and grape vines, 40. acres. of alfalfa. 2 shares of People’s Ditch stock. Outside creek runs through it, in which there is always water. 80 acres of fine oak timber. "ferms,-one-quarter cash. Price, $25.00 per acre. 2 Farm of 160 acres, one mile south from Farmersville; $5,200 all fenced and cross fenced, good house of six rooms, barn. sheds, etc., 20 acres of alfalfa, 700 or 800 grape vines, apple, plum, apricot, peach, and pear trees, grape vines, etc. 120 acres in cultivation. Running stream of water; one share of ditch stock, 14 cows with calves, 5 yearlings, 3 head of horses, 12 head of stock hogs, one farm wagon, mower, rakes, plows, and other farming implements. Land without stock, $4,600. Terms, one-half cash. (if TULARE COUNTY, CALIFORNIA. 49 it may be stated here that new land may be plowed and seeded and made to yield a good crop the first year. There is no tough sod to be broken a year before using; there are no stones to be re- moved from the ground—one may travel a day’s journey in the broad valley without seeing one half the size of one’s fist; there is no brush to be cleared from the land at great expense, a few acres each year. Timber and brush lands may be had in the mountains, but in the foot-hills there: is. very little of the latter, although oak timber is plentiful. It may also be said in favor of Tulare County that it is the only one in the southern part of the State that is heavily wooded, those north and south of it in the San Joaquin Valley being entirely bare, save narrow strips of willow and cottonwood growing along the streams. In Tulare are immense forests of white oaks in the eastern half of the valley, the total covering a vast area. This timber is valu- able for fuel and the trees are among the finest specimens of oaks to be found on the Pacific Coast (although valueless for lumber), some of them attaining a diameter of ten feet. With good soil and climate, permitting of the following diversity of agricult- ural pursuits, with, illimitable resources, wonderful capabilities, and excellent prospects, with splendid schools (a matter of the greatest importance), and with plenty of room for many thou- sands more of people, Tulare stands ready to extend a cordial welcome to such as desire to find a home within her borders. The publishers of this pamphlet have been long resident in Tulare County, and are familiar with all parts of it. We are agents for the sale of a large amount of the finest agricultural and grazing lands in the county. Much of it is particularly well suited for fruit growing, for which this country is naturally well suited. We will cheerfully give information regarding lands to all seeking it, and will convey intending purchasers to the same, to. enable them to personally inspect them, free o cost. We have for sale large tracts suitable for colonization, which will be cut up into lots of ten acres or more each, to suit settlers. Some of these pieces of land are favorably situated for settle- ments, and the fertile soil will permit the husbandman to follow any branch of agriculture. 50 TouLARE COUNTY, CALIFORNIA. $1 800 Farm of 40 acres; fenced; good house and barn, bored ! well, six acres of vineyard, five acres of alfalfa, some fruit, trees, Water for irrigation. fel oid $4 000 70 acres within 2 miles of Visalia; od house, two- L000 70 2omee TH ored well, 20 acres in alfalfa, fenced and cross fenced, good young Srchard. Terms, i cash. 81 $9 00Q Farm of 160 acres; good two-story house, of '7 ‘rooms; ),000 a1 house of 8 ‘rooms; barn, 86x45. ALI in cultiva- tion, 45 acres’ in alfalfa, fericed, cross fenced in’ 3 fields, 2 acres of selected fruit trees, 1 acre of foreign grape vines, one of - the best quarter sections inthe Mussel Slough dis- trict, improvements all No. 1." One mile from railroad de- ‘pot of Southern Pacific Railroad. 82 $10,000 Farm of 364 acres; 2 miles from Farmersville, fenced ' ’ and cross-fenced, good house and barn, fine orchard; 70 acres of alfalfa, a running stream of water, one share of ditch stock, some oak timber. 79 . We have also a number of desirable pieces; improved and un- improved as may be preferred, to lease on the most favorable terms, some of them with the privilege of buying. We have on file in our office, plats of all the Government land in the county, and will locate people on the same. There is still & large area vacant in the: valley, foot-hill and mountain sections of the county, as has been stated on a preceding page. We will transact business for people with the United States Land Office in Visalia, fot a reasonable remuneration. gy Attention is called to the lands advertised by usin the pages "of this pamphlet, where excellent bargains are to be had. Cor- respondence concerning these or other lands, or inquiries re- lating to Tulare County, its climate, resources, etc., or inquiring for other such information, will be promptly answered. BorsFoRD & HAMMOND, Real Estate Agents. Palace Hotel Building, Visalia, Cal. 171 aks SatgieT Hi iE 1 $ | i i i Sa Bit Hi hd ft gh ‘ ! + | gi A 1 § i! EG | i | 4 A “ PM-1 3%:"x4” PHOTOGRAPHIC MICROCOPY TARGET NBS 1010a ANSI/ISO #2 EQUIVALENT 10 Ei 2 wfl2 p22 «== le it his END OF REEL PLEASE REWIND