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KINGSTON HILL.
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ICHARD TAYLOR,

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REPORT ON THE FARM

ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY.

THE Committee to whom, in the last year, the arrangement
and direction of the Stock at the Farm were entrusted by the
Council, submit, in compliance with its request, the following
Report of the particulars of their proceedings. In conformity
with the wish of the Council, they have, in addition to the
notices of the operations of the past year, made, in the progress
of the Report, observations on those objects which in their
opinion are desirable to be attended to hereafter, so as to enable
the Council to become generally acquainted with their views.
The Committee have not felt it necessary to enter at all on the
occurrences or operations of the two first years of the occupa-
tion of the Farm; they have confined their notice to those of
the third year, in which their service and assistance were re-
quired.

The late period of the year at which the charge was placed
in the hands of the Committee, prevented them from making
several arrangements and additions to the Stock which would
have been beneficial; and, as the instructions under which they
acted precluded them from embarking in proceedings which
required much outlay, it will be seen that several important
matters of experiment and breeding were abandoned by them.
But though they have, on these grounds, for the present
relinquished the thought of carrying their own wishes in
several instances into execution; yet when they have been
favoured with well-grounded suggestions from any Fellow of

M71 Sd
4

the Society, they have anxiously, and to the extent of their

power, made arrangements to execute what has been so pro-
posed to them. It is proper to observe, that the want of ac-
commodation in some of the buildings, and also of attendants,
has prevented in some instances se successful an issue to opera-
tions, and so decided a result in experiments, as the Committee
might have obtained had those accessories to their plans been
more complete.

A general view of the accommodations provided for the Stock
at the Farm seems a necessary preliminary to the account of
the Stock itself.

In the yard, near the House, have been constructed places
for the roosting, laying, and sitting of poultry, which appear
to answer the purpose for which they are intended particu-
larly well. They are on plans different from those usually fol-
lowed for these objects, are in some points entirely new, and
are deserving of being generally recommended as patterns for
constructions of a similar description.

In the same yard is a shed fitted up with hutches for Rab-
bits on the best plan. Likewise: Pigeon lofts for Fancy

. Pigeons.

In the first field are two covered sheds, each divided into
four separate compartments, with large open paddocks to
each, affording accommodation for eight different sorts of
quadrupeds.

In the second inclosure stands a range of Aviaries, having
thirteen separate inclosures, with houses designed for Phea-
sants and birds of a similar description, and also affording, in
each, accommodation for Pigeons and Doves.
~ Beyond these, in the adiontng field, is an extensive range
of sheds and yards, consisting of a centre with two wings, con-
structed, for the reception of the animals presented to the
Society from the Menagerie at Windsor by His Majesty, out
of the materials of the old buildings formerly employed for
that Collection.” The centre consists of nine large compart-
ments formed for the use of the large Deer : in each of these
3

have also been placed varieties of Domestic Fowls, which it was
necessary to keep distinct. The want of other accommodation
for this purpose created the necessity of thus employing these
places ; but the experiment has proved inconvenient, and in-
deed some losses among the poultry have been the result.
The north wing has six smaller compartments, in which are
kept the stock of Emus. The south wing has four single and
one double compartment, which are used for Kangaroos, small
Deer, and Ostriches: a yard in front of the whole of this wing
opens into each of these divisions, thus giving opportunity for
occasionally changing the ground for each set of animals. At
the back of this range, a large yard was, at the request of the
Committee, inclosed in the last summer with high paling, for
the occasional safe custody of quadrupeds requiring such
inclosure, and also for the use of the different collections both
of young and old poultry.

The Committee were very desirous that the inclosure, with
pales, of the large field at the back of this yard should have
been perfected ; for the completion of the fence, only a small
terval in which remains, would have enabled them to give
with safety an extensive range to some sorts of Deer, to Kanga-
roos, and to Emus: but they abandoned this plan, i in conse-
quence of the cost of the work.

Four of the ponds have been well inclosed, with iii.
wide margins, for the confinement of Aquatic Fowls. Two
of them only were ready at the commencement of the last
breeding season :—two were got ready in the last summer,
under the direction of the Committee ; but the fifth still re-
mains with a very imperfect fence around it.

Open sheds have been erected in convenient spots in two
of the grass fields, for the shelter and pr otection of grazing
Quadrupeds during bad weather.

The Committee think it necessary now to ‘set forth the
particulars of the Establishment. They did not feel them-
selves authorized to alter it in any way, except that, as it was
wished to ceconomize the expenditure, they assented to the
6

continuance of the reduction of one permanent attendant on
the animals. Exclusive of the person who had charge of the
‘Windsor animals, the number was originally three ; but it had
been reduced to two, the inconvenience of which reduction
was afterwards apparent.

The Superintendant has the general care of the concern:
makes monthly reports and returns, keeps the journals, ac-
counts, &c., and communicates with the official persons of the
Society.

The Head Keeper has the charge of the whole stock of
Animals: he has under his direction and orders, an Assistant,
whose services were particularly engaged for the animals re-
moved from Windsor, to which he more especially attends,
and two other Keepers (formerly, as above stated, three), one
of whom attends the Quadrupeds, the other the Birds.

Two Labourers, under the direction of the Superintendant,
perform all the work relating to the land and crops.

There is also a Night Watchman, who reports to the Head
Keeper, and acts under his orders.

The deficiency in this Establishment was felt during the
breeding season of the Birds, when the constant attention re-
quisite for the care of the young broods was distracted by the
other duties of the Keeper who had the care of them.

It is certainly to be regretted that the deficiency had not
been earlier discovered, so as to permit the employment of a
person during the breeding season, who could have been al-
lowed to give his undivided attention to this charge.

The constant exchange of animals between the Menagerie
in the Regent's Park and the Farm, obliged the Committee to
require the occasional attendance of the Head Keeper from
the Park at the Farm ; and much benefit has been derived to
both branches of the Establishment from the advice and as-
sistance afforded by him on these occasions.
7

QUADRUPEDS.

Warrrr Deer.—The stock of these is perhaps larger than neces-
sary ; but the circumstances under which they were received by the
Society have induced their retention. Exclusive of those now ex-
hibiting in the Regent’s Park, there are three mature males, and five
breeding females. Only one pregnant female came from Windsor ;
and the calf produced by her is with the mother : all the hinds are, it
is expected, now in young.

Rep Deer.—One young male of this species is kept, to cross with

he Wapitis or other kinds; for which purpose it is suggested that
the Corsican hind and the Singsing, both now in the Society's col-
lection at the Regent's Park, should be employed.

SamBoo DEErR.—A pair of these came from Windsor: the female
has bred, but she destroyed her calf.

Axis Deer.—These are different in their constitution and habits
of breeding from other Deer, and will afford some interesting ob-
servations in consequence. The stock at present consists of two
males and three females: two of them have bred at the Farm, and
the old female is again in calf. With one of the females it is pro-
posed to endeavour to cross the Black Axis now at the Park.

Vireiniax Deer.—A pair of these have been lately placed at
the Farm for the purpose of breeding, and for observation on their
habits.

Farrow DEer.—Some specimens of these have been recently
obtained in order to carry on certain experiments in physiological
Inquiry, at the suggestion of one of the Fellows of the Society.

Zrsus.—The stock of these animals has been much reduced:
those of little merit having been disposed of. The Committee felt
desirous that some progeny should have been derived from the
noble Bull which is kept at the Regent's Park, and are more espe-
cially anxious on the subject now, since the only other specimen
that was known to be in England has lately been lost. The cost
of an inclosure wherein to keep him, and of the purchase of cows
for breeding from, has hitherto prevented this being done. Should
this suggestion be hereafter adopted, the services of the animal
might, also, at reasonable charge, and with every prospect of mutual
advantage, be made available to the public.

NyLerAUS.—A pair of these, received from Windsor, have bred at
the Farm, and have been since removed with their young one to the
Regent's Park.
8

Zrsras.—The collection of the different species of these animals
i8"s0 nearly complete as to induce a hope that much, both of interest
end utility, may be done with them. The Society possesses the
original species, Burchell’s Zebra, and the true Quagga. The Bur-
chell’s Zebras have bred successfully : a pair, male and female, were
foaled last year, and are now in good health, although the male
(which was born at the Park), from the deficiency of its mother’s
milk, and the necessary confinement in regard to space, is very
small. The observations which have been made on the different
qualities of these animals are interesting: it is expected that by
crossing with the common Ass, a very useful stock of hardy and more
powerful beasts of draft may be procured.

MavrteseE Ass.—A male of this variety was purchased in last au-

tumn, and turns out a most valuable acquisition; he possesses every
quality to induce the recommendation of breeding from him exten-
sively. It is proposed to afford every facility for this purpose, at a
reasonable rate, to the Fellows of the Society.

Mures.—The consideration of expense has deterred the Commit-
tee from instituting experiments on the breeding of Mules, and their
capability of reproduction. Authentic facts respecting this point are
much to be desired, and it is proposed to enter upon some trials with
these animals, though such trials cannot be carried on so extensively
as could be wished.

Kanearoos.—These animals appear to multiply without diffi-
culty or subsequent loss: several have been bred in the course
of last year, and the stock seems always in good health. Owing
to the want of accommodation, it has been only within a short
time that it has been possible to separate the males from the fe-
males. This is now effected; and authenticated facts relating to
the breeding and gestation of the females will be progressively
obtained.

Does.—The entire absence of proper buildings and yards has
prevented any. attempt either to raise puppies of good varieties, or to
make other experiments with Dogs. Through these animals more
correct knowledge may possibly be obtained on some points of phy-
siology, than could be procured from any other species of quadru-
peds. The crossing between a Fox and Dog has been tried; but
nothing satisfactory has been the result,—most probably from the
want of a convenient place for keeping the animals together. -The
intention of proceeding with these experts, though delayed, is
not abandoned.
9

~ Sueep.—Several of the foreign varieties of Sheep have been kept,
and have bred at the Farm. The Fezzan Sheep are still there ; but the
others have been disposed of, or removed, as being either of little
use or value, or from want of good accommodation.

WALLACHIAN SHEEP.—A ram, under this name, has been some
years in the possession of the Society, and, on the recommendation
of one of the Fellows, has been put with Dorset Ewes, from which
a considerable progeny, six in all, have been reared. It remains
to be ascertained whether the wool of the animals so produced
possesses such qualities as will make it worth while to continue
this breed, or whether it would not be more desirable to substitute
some of the finer-fleeced Ewes in lieu of the Dorsets.

Goars.—Many of these animals were kept on the Farm ; but they
are so mischievous, when they cannot be confined, that it became
necessary to dispose of them, and this was accordingly done, with
the exception of one kind, viz.

CasaMERE Goars.—It has been represented that there is much
difficulty in the management of this beautiful variety. They seem,
however, to succeed well on the Farm.. The original stock was one
pair, a male and female, which have now increased to five.

MovurrrLons.—A pair of these arrived at the Farm in the last au-
tumn, and have lately produced young.

Crosses witH Sueep.—At the desire of some of the Fellows of the
Society, a trial is making of crossing Ewes with the Goat, as well as
with Axis Deer: South Down Ewes have been selected for this pur-
pose.

Rassrrs.—A contagious disorder having been introduced into
the stock, it became necessary, in the beginning of the last year, to
get rid of the whole. They have not yet been replaced ; but a new
supply is expected to be obtained shortly, when the same experi-
ments in breeding, which had been commenced with those animals,
will be renewed. Next to Dogs, this tribe of quadrupeds affords
the best facility of experiment in breeding to the physiologist.

Hares.—The taming of Hares and the crossing them variously
with Rabbits are under consideration.

Guinea Pres.—A herd of these little animals are doing well.

STRUTHIOUS BIRDS.

Emus.—The stock has been reduced to three pair, exclusive of
those at the Park, and the four young ones bred at the Farm last
10

season, which are now also at the Park. A very satisfactory and
interesting acquaintance has been formed with the habits of these
birds, which seem to breed readily, and to do well in confinement,
though they can scarcely be said to become domesticated. Their
utility may be doubted, but they must always be considered as ob-
jects of curiosity and ornament. It is wished to try how they
would go on, if left at large in an extensive inclosure.

OstricHEs.—A pair of these birds were sent to the Farm from the
overstock at the Park: they have acquired perfect health, great
beauty of plumage, and are in such condition, that they have for
some time exhibited symptoms of breeding. The female has laid two
eggs, one of which has been placed under a sitting Emu.

Bustarps.—The Committee have anxiously endeavoured to ob-
tain some of these birds, which they confidently believe will live
and breed in a domesticated state.

GALLINACEOUS BIRDS.

Curassows.—Some of these birds in the last summer were turned
out and soon acquired all the habits of domestic fowls, remaining
quiet in the yards, and roosting with the Turkeys. Their tender na-
ture requiring protection in winter, they have been kept during the
cold weather under glass in a small aviary, and supplied with turf
and gravel. The temperature of the room was kept always above
40°; but not raised higher than 50°. The birds now appear in perfect
health ; and when turned out on fine days, act so as to induce an ex-
pectation that they may breed. The difference between the males
and females has been ascertained. It is possible that all the species
of Curassows may eventually be induced to breed with us; but the
only species which has as. yet been submitted to experiment is the
Crax Alector. Similar endeavours may be hereafter made with the
different species of Penelope.

Pra Fowrs.—Males and females of the Japan, the common and
the white and pied varieties have been kept, and several were bred
in the last year. It is desirable to obtain through them an increase
of stock from Java Pea Fowls, not trusting alone to the produce of
the few whole-bred birds of the latter kind now in the country.

TurkEYs.— The stock of these birds, whichhad much increased, has
been lately reduced, the surplus having been disposed of. There
are several objects to be obtained in keeping them. They are the best
for experiments as to the fecundation of eggs, which is a point of
11

interesting inquiry. They are very good nurses in some cases. The
possibility of obtaining a cross between them and the Pea Fowls is a
matter of great curiosity. An experiment is also in progress with
some young last year’s birds, as to the improvement in their size and
quality for the table, by caponizing them.

The Committee have not been indifferent to the obtaining a pro-
duce from the Honduras Turkey, now possessed by the Society: but
they have had great difficulty in procuring common Turkeys suffi-
ciently small to breed with it.

Guinea Fowwrs.—The common sort have been kept and bred from ;
but no produce has been obtained from the small variety received
from the West Indies.

Pourrry.— Under this head must be placed the varieties which
have been selected and are under trial as nurses. These are the Red-
game Fowls, Silk Fowls, Indian Fowls, and small Bantams : the com-
parative merit of these as nurses is to be settled. Some crosses
are also under trial for the same purposes. Experiments have likewise
been proposed to be made with a view of decidedly proving whether
the sex of the future chick can be distinguished in the new-laid egg,
from the position of the folliculus aéris, as many aver.

The several varieties of which breeds either have been or are in-
tended to be produced, are Spanish, Polish, Malay, Indian, Sussex,
Dorking, Silk and Pell Fowls, and three kinds of Game Fowls, viz.
the Red, the Duck-winged, and the large Shakebag. The extent of the.
accommodation will not admit of a greater number. Of these birds.
some are well known ; but the value of others is not sufficiently be-
fore the public. Itis believed, from information collected by the Com-
mittee, that the Indian Fowls, which have several other merits, will
furnish the best flavoured poultry for the table. The Sussex Fowls
produce birds of the greatest size. The comparative quality of the
different kinds as layers, and the different qualities of their eggs, may,
by attention, be more accurately ascertained than has yet been done.

Pourtry Crossis.—Several of these have been obtained, and birds
have been produced which are upon trial under three separate heads ;
viz. as nurses, as being ornamental, or as being of utility for the
table. Under the latter head some results have been obtained which
are considered very satisfactory, and which are likely to be useful
when promulgated. Some curious physiological facts, resulting from
and connected with crossing the varieties of Domestic Fowls, have
been obtained, though the experiments must be repeated in order -
to establish the accuracy of the deductions.
12

- Banrams.—It is not be expected that the Society can compete
with individuals who devote much attention to the rearing of Fancy
Bantams. The Committee have however availed themselves of op-
portunities of obtaining, either cheaply or without expense, some good
specimens of these birds, and they are desirous of getting more of
them. They have kept common smooth-legged Bantams, from which
to raise nurses; and they are endeavouring to get stock from other
curious varieties of Chinese Bantams lately imported for the Society.

JunerLe Fowrs.—The Society is in. possession of three distinct
kinds of fowls from the East, under the name of Jungles. The first
bears so strong a resemblance to our common Game Fowls, exceptin
being of smaller size, as at first to create a doubt of their being wild
birds ; that deubt has however been in some measure removed : this
kind has bred freely. The Sonnerat Jungle has also bred with the
common Bantam, but a pure female is a desideratum ; several of the
males are in the country. Of the third Jungle only one male is known
to be alive in Europe, and that belongs to the Society. A cross
breed from it with a Bantam will, it is hoped, be produced.

Preasants.—It was the desire of the Committee to get males and
females of all the species, as well as of the varieties of the common
Pheasant, and to endeavour to breed from all these; also to breed
crosses between the species of Pheasants themselves as well as with
other Gallinaceous birds. From the rarity as well as the high value
of several, they were not able to accomplish their object; and even
at present many are wanting. Few eggs were obtained from the
birds last year, because there were not many females procured in
sufficient time for laying, and those eggs which were set either
failed under the hens, or after the young were hatched. A hope
is entertained that a cross produce may be obtained from the
Reeves’ Pheasant; but as far as the present experience of the Society’s
Keepers extends, it is supposed that hybrid production ‘will be very
small in proportion to the number of eggs that are laid under the at-
tempts to produce these crosses; for many of the eggs, under such
circumstances, appear not to have received impregnation at all. The
Pheasants from Nipal are much to be desired, and every exertion
should be made to obtain them.

Grouse.—The breeding these in aviaries is an object to which the
Committee is desirous of directing the attention of the Council, par-
ticularly as in one instance, at least, even in this country, it has been
partly successful. Both European and American species should ‘be
obtained for this purpose. 2
13

Parrripees.—Some species of the genus Perdiz have bred im
confinement; and it is desirable that the experiment should be re-
peated in this and other instances.

Prerons.—Many kinds of Fancy Pigeons have been kept, and their
increase hasbeen quite satisfactory. The want of accommodation has
precluded trials of breeding Doves and some of the Wild Pigeons,
especially the Passengers and the common Ring Dove. A collection
of Stock Doves has been sent to the Farm from a gentleman in Nor-
folk, with a desire that an endeavour may be made to induce them
to breed in confinement and become tame, which appears likely to

succeed. A similar experiment should also be attempted with the
wild Rock Pigeon.

AQUATIC BIRDS.

Cereorsis Geese.—The beauty and rarity of these birds have
rendered them objects of particular interest and care. Their habits,
in consequence of their coming from the oppesite hemisphere, cause
them to lay at an unseasonable period; and the number of their eggs
is few. The two pairs that are kept at the Farm, both produced
‘young ones last season; and three of these have been reared ; they
all unfortunately proved to be females. Young from the same two
pairs will most likely be obtained in the present year.

Brack Swawns.—No birds of this species could be procured, exept
at a large cost; and the desire to have them was consequently aban-
" doned. The birds exhibited at the Park are both females.

Other Swans.—It is much to be wished that the different spe-
cies of White Swans, especially those lately ascertained, should be
induced to breed ; but the size of the ponds at the Farm is not adapt-
ed for this purpose. An attempt last year was made with a pair of
the Polish Swans; but they did not lay. They are suspected to be
only varieties of the Common Swan, though their legs are of a different
colour, and their young are represented as being white from their birth.
~ Geese.—The want of space, which prevents the rearing Swans,
~ occasions in some measure a similar difficulty as to Geese : a few only
of these have been kept. There are some Chinese females that are
placed with a common Gander; a pair of Canada Geese; and a pair -
of the large white variety of the Common Goose : but none of these
have as yet reared any young ones.

Muscovy Crosses.—Drakes have been put to Common Ducks, and
a number -of young birds reared from the cross. They grow to a
14

considerable size, are known to be remarkably good for the table,
but seem to be perfect hybrids ; for, hitherto, though a pair has been
kept for the trial, they have never laid any eggs, notwithstanding their
actions induced a belief that such produce might be expected.

AvresBury Dueks.—A stock of these has been obtained as nurses,
and as a sample of what are considered the best variety of Ducks for
the table.

Hooxep Birr Ducks.—Some specimens of these have been reared
and are kept as objects of curiosity.

Species AND Varieties oF Ducks.—Those that were obtained in
the last year it is hoped will breed in the present; they were ob-
~ tained so late in the season, or were so much disturbed by moving,
that no eggs were procured from any of them. The following have
been either collected or ordered :—Muscovies, Sheldrakes, Wigeons,
Pintails, Shovellers, Gadwells, and French Wild Ducks. The latter
are selected as being supposed to be particularly useful in a decoy
from their more frequent call. A pair of Black Buenos Ayres Ducks
also is in one of the ponds. It had been proposed to place the
Mandarin Ducks at the Farm, in the hope that, being less disturbed,
they might breed : but as they are so attractive to visitors in the
Park, it has been decided that they shall remain there, giving them
however a place where, if they are so disposed, they may attempt to
rear a brood. ,

FISH.

Neither the Ponds, nor the supply of water, have turned out so
useful or so good as was originally expected. With some outlay
they may however be improved. At present there exists in one pond
a stock of Carp, and in two others a number of Gold Fish of the
common sort, as well as a few of the variety usually called “ Triple-
tailed.”

Two years since, a quantity of Flounders and also a quantity of
Eels, of which an exact account is recorded, were turned into one of
the ponds. The unwillingness to disturb the Aquatic Birds has pre-
vented their state being looked into since they were placed there,
but it is proposed that this shall be done in the present season.

One of the original purposes for which the Farm was esta-
blished, was that it should be made a place of reception for
those animals kept at the Park, which from the insalubrity of
15

the Garden, required a more wholesome soil and air to re-
store them when ailing. More use in this way has been made
of the Farm in the last year, than in either of the two pre-
ceding years;—and generally with the greatest advantage:
Many animals which have come down in extreme ill health
and condition, have returned perfectly restored and in good
order. The sending down these animals has rested entirely
with the Head Keeper, who, having directed their treatment
and watched their progress, has ordered their return at such
times as he thought expedient or when he could receive t' em
conveniently. Occasionally also healthy animals which were
overstocking the places at the Park, have been sent to the
Farm, which has thus in both ways proved a valuable acces-
sory to the chief Menagerie.

For the more particular details of the increase and alterations
of the stock the Council is referred to the daily Journal of
Occurrences kept by the Superintendant, and to his Monthly

Reports and Returns which are regularly transmitted to the

office in Bruton Street. With the arrangement and keeping
of these books and accounts the Committee have not interfered.
The subject was not especially referred to them; and, as they
learned that orders and instructions were from time to time
communicated officially to the Superintendant on those points
without reference to the Committee, they, of course, abstained
from giving directions respecting them or applying their con-
~ sideration to them in any manner. For the same reasons the
Committee felt that they were not called upon to advise or con-
troul the system under which the Accounts were kept, and the
Bills examined. Their impression and belief is that the whole
has been conducted with proper caution ; and they have always
felt satisfied that no irregularity could escape the accurate and
careful attention which has been uniformly and constantly paid
to the Accounts of the Society by the Committee of Audit.
With respect to the present outlay of the Farm, though the
subject has been so often mentioned that the recurrence to it is
scarcely necessary, they take leave to observe that they are
satisfied that, had the expenditure of the Farm been confined
to the objects to which it was directed on its first establishment,
 
  
 

 

e stock of animals from “Windsor i in the: autumn of

commended by the Council and sanctioned by the Society at
large. ‘The Committee are, however, of opinion that this

 

to f1e general'welfare of the Society.
The Committee beg to observe that they have shrrestly
avoured to conform to the wishes of the Council and to

   
  

 
 

tly kept in view, that, by the establishment of the Farm
~ and the processes there carried on, two important objects of

the institution of the Zoological Society wer eto be secured
5 and maintained. : LE #

 

  

or ornamental animals :—which can be best effected by such
an establishment. They may indeed be introduced, but are
A not so likely to be increased or distributed over the country

by any other means. Secondly, Additions to our stock of know-

 

ledge in Animal Physiology of the most interesting nature: —

“which are only to be made where experiments can be carried
on with less disturbance than when the subjects are under con-

   
   
 
  
  

‘much curious and useful knowledge respecting animals has

of experiment, may be given to the public accompanied with.
the certainty of well authenticated facts.

nt perseverance in one uniform system at the Farm; being
ay convinced that unsteadiness of purpose and frequent
hig of plen are the certain means of pe evading success.

  

 

y (the keep and accommodation of which were and are of |
considerable magnitude so far as relates to expense,) was re-

dd’tional expenditure at the Farm has essentially conduced

«First, The breeding and consequent dispersion of new useful

tinued exhibition. The Committee are of opinion that already |

been thus acquired, which, when made perfect under repetition

  
      
 
  

arry their orders into effect. In their proceedings they have |

In conclusion, the Committee especially recommend apa
 
 
 
 
 

mm

 

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