START MICROFILMED 1985 UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA - BERKELEY GENERAL LIBRARY BERKELEY, CA 94720 COOPERATIVE PRESERVATION MICROFILMING PROJECT THE RESEARCH LIBRARIES GROUP, INC. Funded by . THE NATIONAL ENDOWMENT FOR THE HUMANITIES THE ANDREW W. MELLON FOUNDATION Reproductions may not be made without permission. THE PRINTING MASTER FROM WHICH THIS REPRODUCTION WAS MADE IS HELD BY THE MAIN LIBRARY UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA BERKELEY, CA 94720 FOR ADDITIONAL REPRODUCTION | REQUEST MASTER NEGATIVE | 75-3617 NUMBER AUTHOR: Holdey, Charles Frederick, 13S1—19!S ' TITLE : Southern California. --- PLACE: LosAngeles F867 gs- ~ CALL H136 MASTER ,.,, | ! NO. NEG. NO. 2, PERT — 867 holcer, Charles ¥roderick, 1851-1915. JH736 Southern Celiferniz: its climate, lrails, mountains, ¢ anyons, wateriug plucos, fruits, flowers and geme. A puide-book Ly Charles Frederick Holder «.. Los angzles, The Times- mirror company, 1888. 187p. incl. tables. fold. front., fold. plates. 12 1/2¢cn. 22338 Gift of C.G. wash, Sept. 19, 1935, poe = + ma moe at cu a po ———— mie aw i «i FILMED AND PROCESSED BY LIBRARY PHOTOGRAPHIC SERVICE UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA BERKELEY CA 94720 JOB NO. 8|6 0525 DATE [1 85 REDUCTION RATIO 8 DOCUMENT "SOURCE THE BANCROFT LIBRARY METRIC 1 No On fl lz fizz i 50 i w No | fl22 Is | © o lj 22 fl Jl 14 lls MICROCOPY RESOLUTION TEST CHART NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS STANDARD REFERENCE MATERIAL 1010a (ANSI and ISO TEST CHART No. 2) 1,0 1,2 13 SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA: Ts * Climate, Trails, Mountains, Canyons, Pies Wagering Places, Fruits, wr ’ r "Flowers and Game. | A-GUIDE-BOOK CHARLES Pato sick HOLDER, Author of ‘The Ivory King, >” <« Marvels of Ani. mal Life,” * Living Lights,” * Elements of Zoodlogy,” Etc. LOS ANGELES: THE TIMES-MIRROR COMPANY. 1888. 22338 Bancroft Library SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA. CHAPTER IL. I'he City of the Angels. Navarro, Rodriguez, Canero, Rosas, Yl Lara and others of a little band, with %. their wives and children, were the founders of Los Angeles— ‘Nuestra Sefiora Reina de los Angeles.” “Our Lady the Queen of the Angels,” they called the home of their choice, the soft, melodious name well suiting the ~. romantic nature of these old soldiers, who still retained the chivalrous feel- ings that characterized their adven- turous ancestors of old. According to tradition, there were twelve of these warriors who, a century ago, marched with gladsome sounds of praise down the mountains into tne valley of San Ga- briel, that was to them an earthly par- adise. They were still loyal to the Spanish King, but, old in service. were now about to retire and reap their re- ward in the enjoyment of a pastoral life. The grant by which they took possession of the soil is not recorded, and the only agreement tending to 4 Southern California : their preservation as a colony 1s re- markable for its simplicity. This un- written law was that any setiier abandoning or neglecting his property forfeited it to the informant, who, in turn, was subjected to the same sur- veillance by his neighbors. Each soldier was provided by the crown with two oxen, two mules, two mares, two sheep, two goats, two COWS, one calf, an ass and one hoe, for which they were to pay whenever they were able. Besides this, the King provided them with rations until they became established, and under these favorable conditions the little company, escorted by the good fathers of the San Gabriel Mission, their native converts and the force. of Don Felipe, with gorgeous military and ecclesiastical apparel, wended their way down the valley of this summerland, and near the site of the present plaza estab- lished and founded the now flourishing American city of Los Angeles. For many years the settlement did not increase. The ease with which life was sustained, and the luxuriance with which grapes and other fruits grew, did not tend to spur the founders or their descendants to great feats of energy. either intellectual or physical, and the result was that, almost isolated, they retained only their old religious Its Climate, Fruits, Resorts, eic. 5 customs, in other respects lapsing, with few exceptions, into gross ignorance and superstition. They have been de- geribed as children; and, indeed, so simple were many of their ways ‘and habits, that, were it not for the poetic and romantic element, their lives would presant an utter blank to the future historian. In search- ing the disconnected pages of their story, one 1s frequently impressed with the resemblance be- tween some of their ways and those of people of the Orient. One of these customs that was in vogue fifty years ago was a song of praise at the ap- proach of day. As the morning star rose above the perhaps snow-capped peaks of the sierras, the oldest mem- ber of the family arose and chanted a morning hymn. As the joyful strain, ‘““Rejoice, O Mother of God,” was heard, all the occupants of the dwell- ing joined their voices, and from every household rang the anthem of praise. The City of the Angels at this time consisted of a group of huts, made of adobe or mud taken from the neigh- boring hills. They were about eight feet in height, square er box-3haped, often plastered on the inside with mud. This would seem a rude method of building, but some of these houses are still seen in use, showing their dgira- 6 Southern California: bility, and when properly mad~ they are as comfortable in this climate as a wooden structure. These quaint people were not des- tined to retain their simple mode of life. Stories of the beautiful valley, its wealth, productions and its possi- bilities became whispered in the outer world; soldiers of fortune, traders and an army of adventurers swarmed over the borders, and in a few years the City of the Angels had became the scene of revolts and strifes that stopped the work of the good fathers, and caused an entire revolu- tion of customs. Up to 1822 Southern California acknowledged the sov- ereignty of Spain, but on the 9th day of April of that year allegiance to Mex- ico was acknowledged. This was ac- complished without bloodshed, and not until 1831 did any serious trouble occur. In this year an insurrection broke out in Los Angeles, and the people rose and attacked Leon Manuel Victoria, then Commandant and Governor of the Territory, who was on his way down from Monterey. The Governor and his guard retreated to San Gabriel, near Pasadena, and there delivered up his sword. The party in power now made Gen. José Maria Echandia gov- ernor, who ruled over the southern portion, the northern retaining allegi- Its Climate, Fruits, Resorts, etc. 7 ance to Victoria, and in 1833 Gen. Figueroa made peace between the mal- contents, Three years later Los Ange- les was made a city, and Carlos An- tonio Cabrillo of Santa Barbara be- came Governor. He was not recog- nized by the people of the north, and finally succumbed to Sefior Juan B. Alvarado. From this time Los Ange- les enjoyed but little political quiet. Revolutions and counter revolutions were the order of the day. After many bloodless battles Don Pio *Pico was established as Gov- ernor, and was recognizel by everyone. He continued in office until 1846, when Admiral Stockton and Col. Fremont captured the cily. The little trail on the hills back of Pasadena is called Fremont’s trail, and it is said that over here Fremont drew his guns to avoid the Mexicans in the arroyo. This was in April, 1846, and in the following month the Mexicans, under Cervol Tarelas, a native of Los Angeles, recaptured the city, to surren- der to the Americans under Admiral Stockton, Gen. Kearney and Gen. Fre- mont in January, 1847. The decisive battle was fought near the San Gabriel River between the laguna and the . mesa, about five miles from Los Ange- les. Thus we find that the history of this country comprises four distinct 8 Southern California: periods: First, the native reign from the earliest times to 1771; the Spanish or Catholic from 1771 to 1822. or fifty-one years, the Mexican from 1822 to 1847, twenty-five years, and the American from 1847 to the present. From 1847 to 1866 J.os Angeles had all the elements of a frontier town, but since then, especially the last ten years, it has been an American city in all that the term implies. So, gradually the country became pop- ulated; soon a line of steamers down the coast enabled tourists to reach it, and finally one day, some twelve years or 80 ago, the iron horse—that advance guard of true civilization—burst through the very center of the long considered impenetrable Sierra Mad- Tes, mg down the peaceful val- ley, among the adobe homes of the old Mexicans, and in almost a single step Los Angeles became the thriving city of today with its 70,000 inhabitants. Its growth has few parallels in any country. Banks, blocks of buildings, electric lights, belt roads, and all the conveniences of the East are here; while its suburbs, rich in the wealth of semi-tropical fruits and flowers, break- ing the old bounds, stretch away in one direction toward the blue Pacific, and in the other along the slopes of the majestic Sierras, which form the bar- rier to the north and east. Its Climate, Fruits, Resorts, elc. : 9 Los Angeles and the valley of San Gabriel lie in the same latitude as Wilmington, N. C. Its immediate ap-- proach, either by the Atchison and To- peka or the Southern Pacific,is through one of the most desolate regions in the world, the Mojave and Arizona deserts, a tract given up to sterility, and almost devoid of animal, and often of vegetable, life, if we except the yucca, which our English friends convert into pulp and print some of their newspa- pers upon. From Los Angeles the ocean is seven- teen miles distant. Its waters are rob- bed of the chill they might possess from the fact that the great Japan current, Kurisiwo, corresponding to the Gulf Strecza, ..ad, with a temperature of 68°, flows along the shore, carrying with it a wonderfully modifying. influ- ence; its direct result id to give South- ern California a temperate climate, with tropical bearings and possibili- ties. The country lacks the ener- vating heat of a Florida summer, yet has semi-tropical fruits, flowers and shrubs the entire year, growing side by side with apples, peaches, pears and all the familiar productions of our Northern States. It is a happy me- dium, producing astonishing results to the agriculturist. To the stranger leaving a snowstorm 10 Southern California: on the highlands of New Mexico, and, perhaps, intense cold in the East, the transition to Los Angeles is most de- lightful. The quaint city, built on both hill and plain, affords many points of interest, among which is the old Spanish or Mexican quarter, or Sonoratown, with its adobe houses falling to decay, in the open doorways of which, glimpses may be had of dark- eyed maidens 1n sombre attire, their raven hair concealed by a black shawl worn over the head. If one is fortunate in gaining entrance to some of these homes, many interesting tales may be heard and relics shown, telling of the early days of the Spanish reign. Los Angeles impresses one as thor- oughly cosmopolitan. All races seem to have met here on equal ground. A French baron jostles a Chinese official, and Greek, Jéw, Gentile, negro, and about every nationality may be seen upon the streets. By far the most in- teresting feature among the foreign residents is the Chinese quarter, where one may see China as it is, and hear Chinese ‘‘as she is spoke.” Here that 7ara avis, a Chinese baby, scowls at us as we pass, and its mother, . equally a curiosity, does not encourage conversation. Chinatown proper lies in the geo- graphical center of the city, within a Its Climate, Fruits, Resorts, etc. 11 stone’s throw of the plaza, and con- gists of a single block and several ra- diations, both sides of the street being packed with houses and shops of every description, and to pass through this quarter, one can well imagine himself in Canton. Chinamen are pass- ing and repassing continually, all clad in their native cos- tumes, while groups are seen standing here and there, and, as all the doors are open, we can obtain glimpses of the internal disarrangement without going in. From one of these doors floats a cloud of opium smoke, heavy and oppressive, and through it we see the Chinese barber at work on a victim, The latter sits on a low stool, while all around the little room are men await- ing their fate with passive or conflict- ing emotions. The head has been shaved, and, as we pass, the barber is at work with a pair of pincers, jerking out the hairs that grow upon the ear and nose, which produces a series of grimaces, starts and Chinese inter- jectious, entertaining to the: lookers- on, but evidently martyrdom to che victim. . At the Chinese shops one may buy almost any object that can be found in the Flowery Kingdom. The Chinese merchants are generally polite, and, as a rule, have a scale of prices as elastic 12 Southern California : as the moral law. If your wife w a sealskin sacque and Son. have a i of outward prosperity about you, the cloissoné plaque will cost you $10. If on the'other hand, Nature has provi- dentially given you a lean and hungry appearance, the plaque can be bought for $7, perhaps $6; but when you reach home, supposing you are not an expert in cloissoné, you may expect some friend to point out various imperfections holes filled with wax, ete.,as. for “ways that are dark,” John is peculiar in fact as well as rhyme. Many of the objects seen in the stores are charms. If the dagger about two feet in length made up of Chinese coins, is hung upon the bedpost, geni, demons, and other disagreeable characters will avoid you; hence every.family should possess this article. The metallic-polished mirrors for sale are to cure mad people, and are pocket insane asylums. : The opium den is a feature of the town, and the habit is so common that almost every man indulges in it if he has the money to buy the drug. One may see a room 12x15 and 8 feet high packed with these smokers, the walls lined with bunks, like those on ship- board, each containing a smoker, who reclines at full length behind a red curtain, the little lamps looking like gigantic red eyes through the smoke. Its Climate, Fruits, Resorts, etc. 13 The joss-houses abound in decora- tions of a striking character; the dra- gon is often present, with representa- tions of the various gods, and in this re- spect the Chinaman is an ultra-liberal. He is economical in oxygen and food, but in the matter of gods he is as prod- igal as one could wish. The religion of the Chinese, with its Taoist, Confucian and Buddhist fea- tures, is incomprehensible to nine-tenths of its believers, and is a combination of idolatry, supersti- tion and ignorance. They have gods for all emergencies and grades of society. Your chef has the god of cooks or the kitchen god. It is repre- sented by a piece of red paper—sus- piciously similar to a firecracker wrap- per, which is hung against the wall; the hieroglyphics upon it are the names of the god.” The robbers have their god, and there is the students’ god, the gods of war and peace, the gods of rain and thunder, and an endless variety, constituting in their entirety a religion grand, gloomy and peculiar, and so deep that few attempt to un- ravel it. Faith is a requisite, and an abundance of it. In many of the shops in Los Angeles we see pieces of red paper pasted upon the wall, covered with pictures or letters. This is not a bill or a business card, but the god of 14 Southern California. wealth, whose influence is desired in that store all the time. He is, in fact, a silent partner in every Chinese busi- ness, always present, discreetly non- committal. The shops of the Chinese are often given up to several different avoca- tions. Thus, in the rear there may be an opium joint, perhaps with an apart- ment devoted to the game of ‘‘tan,” the faro of the Chinaman; up-stairs there is a barber-shop, or more often a labor exchange or bureau. In an open doorway we see a plethoric Chinaman, dressed like a mandarin. The walls of his shop are lined with drawers, and on a small counter are a pair of scales and other objects, indicative of the Chinese doctor, whose card we have seen in the daily papers, as follows: “DR. WONG HIM, “Physician and surgeon, makes a spe- cialty of and cures consumption, rheuma- tism, asthma, dropsy, catarrh; also eyes and ears, diseases of the head, throat, lungs, liver, stomach, blood, ete. Office, No. — Upper Main street, Los Angeles, Cal. P.O. Box —.” The mere fact of a doctor’s advertis- ing in the paper is something unusual to eastern ideas, but it is the cus om here. All the leading American phys- icians also publish their business cards and have offices away from their houses. Its Climate, Fruits, Resorts, etc. 15 The Los Angeles season may be said to be at its height in January or Feb- ruary, when the country is at its best and ‘the villas and homes of the Los Angelefios are embowered with flowers and the surrounding grounds rich in greens. Every train from the east brings its hundreds of visitors,perhaps fleeing from the blizzards of the North “and East, or would-be settlers, and until the present year no adequate ac- commodations were ‘provided. Now fine hotels offer every convenience. In Los Angeles the Nadeau, Westminster, St. Elmo and Pico are the largest, while many others offer accommodations at various prices. | Original CHAPTER 11. The San Gabriel Valley. Los Angeles is the central point of a most charming country, and from its hilltops glimpses are obtained of a large area of Southern California. To the southwest, plainly visible, lies the Pacific, its waters faintly blue, gleam- ing and scintilathg like satin. From it rise grim mountains, the islands of Santa Catalina and San Clement, the aradise of fishermen and ethnologists. 0 the east, winding through the foot- hills, the eye follows, until it rests up- on the far-famed San Gabriel Valley, green-walled by massive mountain ranges and isolated peaks, a fair stretch of country, from ten to fifteen miles wide and perhaps fifty in length, the garden spot of the earth. Though comparatively new, it is a succession of orange groves and: gardens, bear- ing every known temperate and sub- tropical fruit, flower or plant, with many, as the palms, guavas and ban- anas, which claim an original abiding place nearer the equator. At the very head of the valley stands Pasadena, the ‘‘Crown of the Valley,” and its chief attraction, occupying as it does the most advantageous location, being Defective er — ETRY Climate, Fruits, Resorts, etc. 17 : ; . d ine miles from Los Angeles, an u Bn ene a as to give it a sl a = a We approach it through the foothills, at Garvanza, a Dig. esque town of new birth, following S guleh formed by the Arroyc Seco, pi after devious turus, fairly sige b $ valley of San Some. The Log alas from the first ( De i and the protection niey afford is immediately apparent. The original settlers of Pasadena placed their homes under the Shas ows of a low range of hills that reach oyu from the San Fernando Valley a e cafion of the arroyo. Four miles om the present center of the town Sierre Madres rise abruptly ina zRuge from 4000 to 7000 feethigh, with gp e eaks attaining an altitude of from 8000 to 11.000 feet. This range ex- tends in an easterly direction, jorming a complete barrier on the north, an in winter is often capped with snow, so that the dwellers in the valley may stand in their orangc groves and watch the snow flurries thus near a hand, or one may pick strawberries, and an hour later be among the snow of the upper range, one of the curious possibilities of Southern Golijopnia. From Pasadena the Sierra Madres present the appearance of a single 2 j Original Defective 18 Southern California: range, cut and seared by innumerabie cafions; but once ascend this fronting range, or follow up the dry rivers which lead down from it, and a mountain sys- tem is found constituting a maze of caiions and labyrinths forty or fifty miles in width, extending to the great deserts of Arizona and Mojave. A more impenetrable range tan this does not exist,and it may be said to be practically inac essible,except by the narrow trails which have been forced in by a few ad- venturous mountaineers. From Pasa- dena the mesa slopes gradually to the east, where, forty miles away, rise the sentinel and snow-capped domes of Old Baldy, or San Anotonio, San Jacinto, San Bernardino and others, comprising in their direct elevation some of the lo“tiest peaks in North America. Sweeping the eye around the valley we come to the solitary peak of Mt. Santa Ana, crowned with clouds, which hover like a bird over it, giving it the appearance of a volcano. Westward from here a line of ridges extends, which, with the Puente Hills, complete the environ- ment of the San Gabriel Valley, that is thus walled in by nature. From the north the only approach is directly un- der the mountains, through a tunnel over a mile in length, while the roads to the east wind their way in through Its Climate, Fruits, Resorts, etc. 19 mighty gates of nature’s forming. This secluded spot was for ages the home of native tribes, and in later years the grazing-ground ot the, herds of the old Spanish fathers. It was then a broad mesa or plain, covered here and there with low, green chap- arral, with occasional groups of live- oaks, and ranches where right royal hospitality was dispensed. The present site of Pasadena was the old San Pasqual ranch, and its present popularity is, perhaps, in the nature of an accident. A stroller into the valley from the Middle States sent home a description of its wonderful climate, resulting in the formation of a colony that ultimately, after many reverses, settled on the old ranch, purchasing 4000 acres under the name of the San Gabriel Orange Association, the land being subdivided into tracts of from fifteen to sixty acres, and distributed among the stockholders. During ten or twelve years these original settlers planted their orange groves and vineyards, and changed the barren mesa and greasewood-covered tablelands into gardens, finally giving the right of way to the railroad, that has opened Pasadena to the world, and made it a populous and rapidly growing city of homes, with a population of Retake of Preceding Frame 18 outhern California range. cut and seared byoinnumerabie canons: but ance ascend this fronting range. or follow up the dry nivers which lead down from it, ana @ ein lain sys- tein 1s found constituting a maze of canons and labvrinths f if miles in width, extending deserts of Arizona and Mog: impenetrable rane (&an this does not exist ond it may be said to be practically rae essihloexeont Dv thie narrow trails which have heen foreoed 1 by a tew ad- veniuroeus mountaineers. From Pasa- deni the mesa siopes gradually {o the east, where, forty miles away. vise the sentinel and snow-capped domes of Old Baldy, or San Anoionio. =an Jacinto, San Bernardino and others comprising in their direct elevation some of the loftiest peaks in North America. Sweeping the eye around the valley we come to the solitary peak of Mt. Santa Ana. crowned with clouds, which hover like a bird over it, giving it the appearance of a volcano. Westward irom here a line of ridges extends, which, with the Puente 11ills, complete the environ- ment of the San Gabriel Valley, that is thus walled in by nature. From the north the only approach is directly un- der the mountains, through a tunnel over a mile in length, while the roads to the east wind their way in through lls Climate, Fruits, Nesorts, ele. 19 michty gates of nature's forming. his seciuded spot was for ages the home of native iwribes., and in later vears the grazing-ground ot the herds of the old Spanish fathers. It was then a broad mesa or plain, covered here and there with low. green chap- arral, with oceasional groups of live- and ranches where right royal hospitality wis disnensed. The present site of Pasadena was the old San Pas unl ranch, and its present nopul: ity is, perhaps. in the nature of an accident. A stroller into the valle) from the Middie states sent home a deseription of its woudertul climate. resulting in the formation of a colony that ultimately, after many reverses settled on the old ranch, purchasing HOO acres under the name of the San (rabriel Orange Association, the land being subdivided into tracts of from fifteen to sixty acres, and distributed among the stockholders. During ten or twelve years these original settlers planted their orange aoroves and vinevards, and changed the barren mesa and greasewood-covered tablelands into cardens, finally giving a right of way to the railroad, that has opened ’asadena to the world, and made it a populous and rapidly growing city of homes, with a population of 20 Southern California : from 15,000 to 18,000. The condi- tions here are entirely different from those of the towns outlying the Rocky Mountains, and the rough element is unknown. There has been no mining excitement to produce this remarkable establishment of an eastern town in Southern California. The settlers are all legitimate and well-to-do seekers after homes, who have come to spend their remaining years in a land which, to them, is climatic perfection and has no equal. Pasadena—and we take it as a type of many—claims to be secord to none as a natural sanitarium, and the number of expensive hotels spring- ing up, and elegant villas built by the millionaires of the East, point to the conclusion that the Crown of the Val- ley is destined to become a fashionable winter resort as well. The city is composed of innumerable gardens, and extends from the new town of Ramona to Altadena, on the Sierra Madres, on one hand a dis- tance of eight miles, and from the banks of the Arroyo Seco down the val- ley, and there gradually breaking up into the towns of Olivewood, Lamanda Park, Alhamora and others, whose growth shows that in time the San Ga- briel Valley will be one vast settlement of homes. One charm of Pasadena lies in its lis Climate, Fruits, Resorts, etc. 21 private residences, the majority of which stand in a grove of one or more acres, surrounded by semi-tropical - plants that bloom all the year round. The luxuriance with which plants grow is almost beyond belief. A typl- cal instance of this is found in one place overlooking the town, which also illustrates the rapidity of growth. Twelve years ago it was a barley field. Today it would pass in the East or In England for a homestead fifty years old. At the entrance a group of eucalyptus trees at least seventy feet in height rear their plume-like crests, and distributed over the place are one hundred and fifty species of forest trees and shrubs, representing forms indigenous to all latitudes from the arctic circle to the equator. Here are almonds, butter- nuts, chestnuts, pecan, hickory trees, filberts, and note the contrast, Mon- terey pines, the cedar of Lebanon, deodar, auriami carias, the giant red- wood, sequoia, the gum tree, which in Australia attains a height of five hun- dred feet, birches, palms, hawthornes, palm trees, and a host of others rep- resenting every clime. Here one may see the papyrus of the Nile, canes from the Amazon, the passion and other vines and flowers of infinite variety. Among the fruits are every variety of orange kmown, 22 Southern California: from seedlings to the famed Washing- ton navel, limes, lemons, apples, pears, bananas, guavas, figs, pomegranates, prunes, plums, cherries and loquats, rowing side by side, while the iversity of small fruits is al- most equally great. Nearly all this has been accomplished in less than a decade, and the greater part in five years. In a single year the most barren places have been con- verted by the aid of irrigation into charming, rose-embowered homes. Pasadena has: nearly all the fa- cilities of towns of similar size in the kast—a fine library and reading-room, churches of nearly all denominations, schools of every grade, a $100,000 opera-house, and stores as complete as are found in cities of many times its population,with: three weekly and two daily newspapers. The principal avenues are laid with fine con- crete walks, and lines of horse-car and other roads extend over the entire re- gion. Two railroads enter the city, the Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fé from Los Angeles to the east, and the Southern Pacific on the south, while others are contemplated, which will make it an important railroad center. Its hotels and boarding-houses are the finest in Southern California. The leading hotel, and a feature of Its Climate, Fruits, Resorts, etc. 23 - . .- Ray- Gabriel Valley, is the hes no by the Rayinonds of ine Raymond excursions, and con he oi by C. H. Merrill of the Craw or Tone White - Mountains. The Jay. mond is literally a Boston or New ox hotel built among the gw ot ; Gabriel, even 1Us 1 the ad girls brome ol Te for the purpose. ( : pi one of the most commanding Sw. inences-in the entire valley, the grounds comprising about fifty-five pores, 195. tined to become fe garden oo of Oo vicinity. From the Vel mn tains a view unrivaled in iy ting upon ml country, the eye res §, 20en Jn winter and summer at the Ba ie, the Sierra Madres, a few ios ws: ing, perhaps, covered Wi , while surrounding 2% 2 . Synge laden with fruit. > Re modation il Wer x indred d was constru A ie a i the most captious exiite; as each room is sanny during Som ion of the day. ; Bo g its first six noni pg sand guests were ente A thon that tolls of the popularity of fan dena. while the gaily-thronged ba um and the afternoon concerts have gi a to the quite town an air of fashion ang gaiety. Every improvement that ho 24 Southern California : science could suggest or money su has been i for the hu 1% eastern tourists, and the result has been such as to meet every require- ment. The hotel grounds exhibit the most elaborate results in the way. of landscape gardening. There are ornamental, and drinking fountains, rose, palm and cactus gardens, tennis courts, children’s play grounds, rustic houses, bowling-alleys beneath an arbor of trailing vines, an artificial lake, a maze, and other fea- tures. Among the trees which adorn the slopes are the pepper. eucalyptus, pine, cypress, sycamore, giant red- wood, ol’ve, date, cork palm, banana pomegranate, guava, cork camphor, umbrella, maple, elm, locust, English walnut, birch, poplar, willow, and a great variety of ornamental shrubs whey gig on one side of the hill ed wi e rare beautiful plants. 5 Bal pol The Raymond is one mile from the center of Pasadena, and tourists from the east or north are landed by the Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Rail- road directly at its doors. Los An- geles is eight miles distant, Santa Mon- ica and Long Beach can be reached in a few hours, the latter by a railroad direct from Pasadena, and Santa Bar- bars and San Diego within a single Jis Climate, Fruits, Resorts, etic. 25 In Pasadena proper there are several commercial hotels, managed by New York men, which is a sufficient recom- mendation to the average traveler. The tourist can find accommodatiins from Pasadena with its altitude of 900 feet to Altadena at 2000 feet. Alta- dena is one of the most charming sub- urbs of Pasadena, and comprises a vast orange grove lying directly at the foot of the Sierra Madre range. Its re- markable climatic and scenic advan- tages caused it to be selected as the location of a number of expensive resi- dences, and now the slopes are dotted with villas costing from $10,000 to $50,- 000. Here the banana nestles in the soft trade side by side with the apple and camphor trees and the sturdy pine, while flowers and plants from every zone are seen in endless variety in sight of the snow flurries of the up- per range. This is true of the foothills from Pasadena to Monrovia and beyond. Altadena has many advantages and emphasizes the fact that great differ- ences of climate may be found in a short distance. The slope ig dryer and warmer in winter, possessing almost absolute immunity from fog, while the fruits seem to be of a fines grade than those of the lower level. The ride from Pasadena to the foothills is a de- 26 Southern Ci alifornia : lightful one of about three miles. As We approach, the rivers of gold become solid fields of escolizeas, the mountains grow more rugged, and finally turning about, the broad Pacific is seen in the far distance, from which rise the mountains of Santa Catalina Island, thirty miles off shore. The long line of silver tells of Long Beach, while the dark spots upon the blue are vessels in the harbors of San Pedro and Wil- mington. A road is soon to be built up to Wil- son’s Peak on the plan of the Mt. Washington road, which will afford possibilities to be found nowhere else in the world. Thus at Christmas time one may lunch at his villa at Altadena in his orange grove, surrounded by sub-tropical vegetation, and perhaps sighing for the winter of the East, step to the telephone, and a sleigh is or- dered for the afternoon in Wilson’s Park, for the sleighing is often good only 7000 feet above. Step- ping into the cars this modern Aladdin is whisked without even the aid of a lamp out of his or- ange grove, and an hour or so later finds his sleigh waiting at the hotel on the summit of the sierras. If the whim seizes him he may, in two hours, bathe in the Pacific at Long Beach, finding the water on this Christmas Jis Climate, Fruits, Resorts, etc. 21 er than it is at Newport in Or Th are the strange possl- bilicies of Los Angeles county. : It is difficult to exhaust the attrac tions of this little city and its roundings in a single season. : mountains, so near at_hand, offer “ol and shady retreats. The mesas, with their wealth of midwinter wild Awers) aflame, perhaps, with the fiery glow 0 the poppy, are a constant delight to the equestrian or stroller,while the 9030 gorge of the arroyo affords trails an drives of a totally different character. Here are lofty sycamores, Oerhung with the wild grape, clematis wi creepers of various kinds—a verital y jungle of midwinter growth, in wie the harmless wildcat and coyote make their lair and the black-tailed deer Gi casionally strays. The yeraues sng Mission hills, a few miles away, a on good deer shooting to the stalker; whi the wineries, the great orange groves and vineyards of Rose, Stern, Shor and Baldwin, with the fine stock-farms of the latter, present attractive phases of entirely different interests. "a If one tires of the broad mesa wv its carpet of varying color, or the oop cafions of the range, the groves of ive oaks on the outskirts of the town, 0 3 ly their attractions, and some O i most picturesque spots in the valley 28 Southern California. are to be found amon i ( g these ag ag of he Yahey that Ay ol 0 e Spanish fath Many of these noble wp ii trees h ; desiroyed oy vandals, but on are wi 8 ere is a fine grove which i is hoped, for the credit a , . of P wn be laid ou in a park and oii : 3 , Which are found all r the valley, here as Coe tions, their ib go Jory Dromox t : 1mb Jasiaey over one rained and fifty Toot igh. The black variety is Cy : mon in the lo being always green, and ona, aracteristic feature of the Saal skape. The limbs grow in grotesque hapes, especially in some of th fue cafions in the Wils iy ract; sometimes creeping lot parallel with the ground and only | Sow foot from it; agein rising high in an iol heanenos Alo concealed by t ] other vines. in, Bdsm, wen, pei, on the mesa : shade and cool breezes Lo ipgety Ro ondcodlin are always found. i b g the vines; th rat builds in the u fe Joo, I pper branche fn phe dense undergrowth aR erflies dart about, addin i seolong 15 the scene. 2 nen short distance from here the Raymond, is Los Robles, the ard Its Climate, Fruits, Resorts, etc. 29 lace of ex-Gov. George Stoneman, with its vast vineyards and tons of luscious grapes, its old adobe houses. and, above all, the restful quiet that pervades the place is attractive to the stroller. Near by is El Molino, the mill, about which romances of the olden time still linger. This portion of Pasadena, or, more properly, San Gabriel, is the oldest, and in its immediate vicinity the finest trees are tobe seen—great palms, pome- granates,cork trees and ancient orange, all telling what new Pasadena will be in fifteen or twenty years, when it, too, has become mature. In many of the old places one may See the curious stone implements of the natives, that have been brought up by the modern plow. A few of the old Castilian families yet reside here who have an illustrious lineage in Spain and Italy, and among whose papers are family recerds of the greatest historical interest, dating back for hundreds of years, and bearing the seals of many Spanish sovereigns. San Gabriel, with its old mission and Mexican adobes, is three miles south- west from Pasadena, and the Pacific, with its gatering places of Santa Mon- jca and Long Beach, is within easy reach—an hour and a half by rail or a half dav’s ride on horseback or by car- riage. 30 Southern California. In these t : life. There Owns one lives an ideal 3 18 a succession : gm Hindloss skies, whl Sock 10, 0 say that three Wig 2 y days in the year : Boy ve In the open air Mons Dovsony affect tents or half fon y Ria ben g recommended to invalids por Sows | ysigions. The rich growth t Susp ants here is mainly due to j G2 gation, yuire being broughi No he Sonniains and piped over the vario 2 iach Ns 1 opply being amply s 0. oon 4 "all purposes. It is the wig gral In Pression that everythin ee lites 0 rrigation, but this Boi from the Semon 5 in coms other fruits, the PI i an flowers dependi oy poping almost entirely upon — 5 CHAPTER l11L A Winter Carriage Ride. LOS ANGELES TO SAN DIEGO—THE IN- TERVENING TOWNS — MONROVIA, SANTA ANA, WHITTIER, RIVER- SIDE, SAN BERNARDINO, ELSINORE, ETC. In the foregoing chapter Pasadena has been selected as a type of Southern California towns, and is merely one of a number of rapidly-growing places, not only in the San Gabriel, but other valleys, all having their peculiar .at- tractions, and affording the invalid the greatest possible range of climate. While the two great lines of rail- road take one through the three great counties of Los Angeles, San Bernar- "dino and San Diego in a day, the tour- ist or home-seeker will find great pleas- ure in a carriage drive over this ground. The roads are, with scarcely an exception, good, and hotels of the best class are met with every few hours for 150 miles east of Los Angeles. Beyond Pasadena, and 20 miles from Los Angeles, lies Monrovia. one of the thriving places In the valley, and remarkable for its rapid growth. Itis finely located near the two transcon- tinental lines. 32 Southern California: Monrovia was selected as a home by Mr. Monroe in 1886, and on the 1/th day of May, 1886, the first lot was scld. In the natural order of events, ta 1g eastern towns as examples, a stru le for existence now commences, and the few landholders hope in from five to ten years to make a town of athousand inhabitants. Perhaps they can do bet- ter by turning in a shipload of immi- ants, and so hasten matters. How 1s it here? A year later we find a thriv- ing town of 2000 inhabitants, anc in winter, when the season has set in, Monrovia boasts from 4000 to 5000 in- habitants. Everything seems to have come at once; indeed, six months has seen railroad, horse cars, banks, hotels, large numbers of fine dwellings, in fact, everything that goes to make up a fine town, and the projected improve- ments for the following year will make the place twice as large as at present, and cause a doubling up of values. On the main street, that reaches from the base of the Sierra Madres to the depot, new business houses are being built, and several will compare well with bank buildings in Los Angeles. Oneto be occupied by the Monrovia Bank, is of fine granite, taken from the adjacent cafion. Monrovia lies about 25 miles from Los Angeles, on the California Central, on a gentle slope, reaching to The Rotunda of The Raymond. Mee "= ——— Its Climate, Fruits, Resorts, etc. 33 the very base of the mountains down to the railroad. To the south the val- ley of San Gabriel is seen, the white spots the houses in the dis-- tant town of Puente; and far be- ond, over the hills of that name,. jes the blue ocean, plainly visible. The mountain view is equally attract-- ive, the great ridges of the main range: being particularly distinct, and the: cafions remarkably deep and well de- fined. Ridge after ridge rise one upon another, like steps, all possessing large areas, and will in time be used for res- ident or hotel purposes; infact, a large hotel upon one of these lofty ridges is already proposed, and will be carried out. The homses in the lower town have a valley view from Pasadena to Pomona and beyond, while those in the upper town have the ocean view. Monrovia has been fortunate in the fact that a large number of wealthy men have settled in the place and are doing their utmost to render it a beautiful resort. It requires but a single glance to see alike Sierra Madre’s beauty and her peculiarly protected position. A natural sanitarium, one where the invalid can change his altitude 400 or 506 feet in a few moments, where the sanitary con- ditions are perfect, where winter is ush- ered in by the flowers, and sudden 3 34 Southern California: changes are unknown. No fier i or blizzards strike this es ty let; frost is rarely seen, and, while the climate is temperate, tropical fruits and plants are far more successfully reared here than at Pasadena, in the valley below. There is less change be- tween day and night than in the low- lands, and people sit out of door i late in the evening with re oi fort. The fogs which creep in upon the valley rarely, if ever, reach Sierra Madre, though they are often seen rest- ing like a cloud just below. With such a location, little artificial aid was needed to add to the attractions of the place, yet the improvements have been ‘made so wisely that the fine view is fully preserved. The slope upon which the town rests sweeps up to the very base of the Sierra Madres, and is laid out in broad avenues, finely graded, the origins. live oaks being in every case preserved, while the residents have flanked their places with a great va- riety of rare and showy plants. The homes built and planned are fine villas surrounded with the remarkable pro- ductions of the place, and rendered artistic and attractive by the refined tastes of the owners. Among the show places are those of Prof. J. Hart,whose attainments as director of several con- servatories of music have giveu him & Its Climate, Fruits, Resorts, etc. 35 national reputation. Ths residence of J. H. Lewis, R.A., reflects the artistic taste and feeling of the owner, while the homes of Dr. Gresham, Messrs. Carter, Blumer, Reed, Trussell and Hamilton have greatly added to the value of the place. Sierra Madre is preéminently a settle- ment of choice homes, and Na- ture has so arranged that nearly every house possesses the same view of ocean and valley. Beyond are the attractive towns of Glendora, Azusa, Duarte, Puenté and others. Over the hills to the south, at the head of the Los Nietos Valley, stands Whit- tier, a thriving town settled by Friends, named for the poet, and the location selected for the Friends’ College. Situ- ated on a gentle slope, commanding a view of the entire country to the ocean, protected on the north by high hills, with rich virgin soil, this city of Friends has many attractions. From Whittier we see the groups of eucalypti, which tell of Santa Fé Springs, formerly Fulton Wells. Here are some of the most valuable mineral springs to be found in the State, where many patients troubled with serofula, diabetes, rheumatism, eczema, dyspepsia, etc., have been cured. A gallon of this water makes the following showing: 36 Southern California. 2.20 grains bicarbonate of soda. 12 grains bicarbonate of lime. 16.50 grains bicarbonate of magnesia. 13 grains bicarbonate of iron. 90 grains sulphate of soda. J grains chloride of sodium. grains silica, with par iodi a parts of iodine A fine hotel has been erected, and tourists and invalids from all over the world have made this their stop- ping-place. The property is now in the hands of the railroad, and it is pro- posed to make it a great watering- place, the Saratoga of this section. A few miles from here are Anaheim Santa Ana, Tustin, Orange, Downey, Earlham, Modena and Carlton, all towns showing evidence of thrift and ne Sant ear the Santa Ana Mountains w find Orange, which claims the IA oranges and raisins. The city is grow- Ing rapidiy, and has all the elements of a thriving community. The Cali- fornia crop of raisins for 1887 was 1,000,000 boxes. A large proportion came from- this vicinity. Near here tlie Friends have established Earlham that shows the rapid growth charac- teristic of many new towns. Santa Ana, 34 miles from Los Ange- les, is one the largest cities in this sec- tion, and has a metropolitan aspect. It / Its Climate, Fruits, Resorts, etc. 37 has a number of hotels, nine churches, secret societies, and three newspapers. The building im orovements in the last three or four years amount to half a million dollars, telling the story of rapid growth. Two miles away we find the monastic and pastoral town of Tus- tin, and close at hand the seaport of Newport harbor. : Anaheim is famous for its wineries, about 50 being found in the vicinity. It is a German settlement and shows what these thrifty people can do here. The city is 25 miles from Los Angeles on the Southern Pacific Railroad; possesses a fine climate, and is noted for its fruits and flowers. Near Ana- heim, in a fine country stands Fullerton, a thriving town, and eight miles to the southwest, nearer the Pacific, is found the Presbyterian town of Westminster, famed for its artesian wells, its apples and other fruits. Twenty miles from Tustin, upon the von: reached by rail or drive, is the old Spanish town of San Juan Capis- trano, with the mission of that name, founded in 1776. It is now falling to decay, but still possesses great interest to the tourist. San Juan is destined to become a famous watering-place before many years. Situated upon a high bluff, overlooking the ocean for miles, with an 38 Southern California: attractive country inland, it pos- sesses a distinctive charm. The drive from San Juan to Riverside takes one, if it be in winter, by the rushing Santa Ana, the road often following the face of the cliff. Old ranches occur here and there, the ancient town of Rincon, and, finally when well through the gap, the great Chino ranch is before us, with Pomona, Ontario and Cucamonga in the distance. From the top of the hills the seven- mile avenue of Ontario is distinctly visible, and a grand view of the val- leys that follow the great range of the Sierras is obtained. Near Ontario is San Antonio Cafion, a famous resort, possessing the char- acteristics of those already described. The town is situated upon two rail- roads, the California Central and the Southern Pacific. It possesses fine schools, the Chaffee School. of Agri- cultureof the University of Southern California, and all the features of a prosperous community. To the west of Ontario are the towns of Savanna, El Monte, Puente (famous for its oil wells), Spadra, and finally Pomona, with an altitude of 800 feet and a fine climate. Pomona, like other towns, is made up of gardens and beau- tiful homes; yet the business portion of the city shows that its citizens possess Its Climate, Fruits, Resorts, etc. 39 enterprise. We find elegant Jen, bry manufactories, brick yards, fruit canneries, and many valu- able industries. Pomona lies in an artesian belt. It has 4000 inhabitants, churches, banks, fine educational facil- ities, hotels of the first class, and has been selected a Se site for the great ngregational College. Cr the rich green slopes of the hills, we pass throu h the new town of South Riverside, side, and are soon in Riverside itself, one of the most charming, as well as the oldest cities, In Southern California, of American origin, and the gem of San Bernardino county. We enter it through an avenue seven: miles in length, planted with rows of magnolia, palm, eucalyptus and pep- per trees, one of the most delightful drives in the county. The cily 18 situ- ated in a valley having strange geo- logical surroundings. Abrupt rocks, seeming vocanoes, Crop out all about, and warns cliffs look down on the oasis of green. UPRiverside is a gigantic orange grove, cut up into estates of from 1 to 50 acres, planted with an eye for effect giving the impression of a veritable garden. Owing to the peculiar climatic conditions, the oranges are said to be finer than in other localities, and rank 40 Southern California: with the best of those from the foot- hills of Pasadena and Los Angeles. Riverside has a number of fine hotels, as the Glenwood and Rebideaux,thelat- ter being palatial in its appointments, filled with tourists from all over the world. The city is connected with San Bernardino and Colton by a motor road. Ten milesto the northeast we find San Bernardino, lying in the cen- ter of a large valley, a great railroad center, a thriving business city, grow- ing with great rapidity and represent- ing vast sums of eastern capital. San Bernardino has a population of about 9000, fine schools, hotels, busi- ness blocks and all the features of a commercial city. The climate is dry and warm in summer, while in winter it partakes of the general features of the entire section. Other important towns in this sec- ilon are Barstow, a mining railroad center, 80 miles north; Daggett, famed for its mines and salt beds; Calico, where nearly $200,000,000 in silver is taken out in a year. Colton, between San Bernardino and Riverside, has a wide reputation as a health resort. It has 2000 inhabitants, is about 60 miles from the coast, and rapidly assuming importance as a rail- road center. All kinds of fruits are raised here. The Colton Packing Com- Its Climate, Fruits, Resorts, elc. 41 which produces 15,000 three- aa cans of fruit, daily, gives em- ployment to over 2000 persons, and many other industries find place, as brick yards, lime kilns, lumber yards, quarries, mines, etc. Te the north is Cajon Pass, through which the outer world is reached. A magnifi- cent slope rises to the east, dotted with the towns of Redlands, Lugenia and Hesperia; the latter in its climatic conditions and environments calling to mind Denver. Two-thirds of a mile above the sea, and 20 miles or so north of the county seat, surrounded by the San Bernardino and Hesperia mountains, it possesses apeculiarly ex- hilarating climate,and one well adapted to pulmonary troubles. Fogs rarely, if ever, reach this secluded retreat, that is in the hands of vigorous east- ern men, who intend making it one of the garden spots In San Bernardino nty. ORL and Beaumont are near by; both famous health resorts, and well deserving the attention of the health- seeker, as having advantages not found in many other localities. Beau- mont is on the Southern Pacific Rail- road, 20 miles east of San Bernardino. Not far from San Bernardino 18 seen on the flank of the mountain an enor- mous arrow, pointing to the Arrow- 42 Southern California : head Hot Sprin I gs, famous for i outes In cases of rheumatism, Diy bs Somug, etc. The solid constituents ae Wales pugurding to Prof. Hil- e Universi i ic gard of he | ersity of California, ANALYSIS OF ARROWHEAD SP R Fouperaire of water, 193° Fahr. Bas ulphate of potash, grains per gallon. 4.001 Sulphate of soda, grai Chlori a, grains per gallen.. 42.476 Tride of sodium, grains per gallon 8.178 Sulphate of lime, grains per llireng is Car i i 5 bonate of lime, grains per gallon.. 1.343 ari eee i ass lee eden A faint tess inches per ) Strontium Der igalion Sulphate ot magnesi Carbonate of Oa Silica............... Organic matter Total solid contents Two lines of railroad t . . a Bly Snipe Sserton from To pre ind 1ego in less than a d before stated, the hich aud bers’ followed in the rin Py eas back atford far Better os ore. ] pportunities for seeing the country. From S dino there are two road an orpaz. terest, and leading nd Sach ot £0 ’ San gop. : Que, folloming the siego e / evel valle jan Jacinto, with its groves ot an Iis Climate, Fruits, Resorts, elc. 43 woods, at the base of the great peak of that name, while the other winds away down the Temecula Mountains, with Mount Palomar in the distance. Taking the latter, we ride through cafions, over lofty plains with acres of bush, and, finally, after 30 miles, come upon the mineral belt of Southern Cali- fornia. Here, at Lucerne and Terra Cotta City, coal mines are in active operation, valuable plants for the man- ofacture of piping, ete. while asbestos, clay, kaolin, iron, lead, cop- per, tin, gold and silver are mineral resources that make Lucerne the com- ing manufacturing center of the new Southwest. The mines and various in- dustries are found among a series of hills, and by winding around through Warm Spring Valley, we come out upon Lucerne, with its homes and ho- tels, standing on a slight eminence a mile back from Lake Elsinore, thet, like a jewel, rests at the base of the Temecula range. Elsinore is the only lake of any sizein Southern California. It is seven miles long by three wide, and lies at the head of the ‘f'emecula Valley. To the south extend the Temecula ountains, bearing upon their summit the famous Santa Rosa ranch, the second largest in the State, with its 72 square miles of hill and glade. To the north and east 44 Southern California - rise low mountain ridges which protect it from the winds, and thus environed the lake is particularly attractive and fast becoming a resort for sportsmen, tourists and home-seekers. On the north there is the city of Elsinore, with its hot springs, bathhouse, fine hotel, and business blocks which give it an air of prosperity that is not all upon the surface. On the south ‘saore of the lake are several old ranches with adobe houses, and from here, south and east, the number of Mexican ranches increases. - At Murrietta we shall be entertained by Mr. Gonzales and Mr. Murrietta, still owners of great ranches, or fur- ther on by Mrs. Ramona Wolf, from whom ‘““H. H.” obtained many of her ons regarding Southern California e. Murrietta is a thriving town on the Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fé Rail- road, 20 miles from Elsinore, in the Temecula Valley. In the immediate vicinity are the Temecula Springs, where we find the temperature of the main spring 160°. any remarkable cures have been chronicled here, and there are other springs in the neigh- borhood as yet undeveloped. Upon a large rock not far distant from the hotel apd bathhouse are some peculiar paintings made by the Indians years Iis Climate, Fruits, Resorts, eic. 4b icini thor ile in the vicinity the au Ie oral mortars and poses I remains of Anoleni nian 3 i po i ‘he Gonzales ra oD a Indian LALhD, ny Dregs the courtesy of the Sun ny interesting relics were und, In ie “mountain canons ae Can frequent evidence of the olden ge : or mortars worn in great ou! J 5, Dnt of various kinds ona 8 apes, 9 orous volcan , 8 Gf granite wedgop of Irom ore) arrow: mers an i D- BOR es the articles of Se Jeo of these people wha have Pa Temecula Valley gi large herds of cattle, as here is i ee anest grazing countries in Soup tie Californits i] a and irri- el ] 3 : : jy toon in the West, not neces “The climate here is considered S208) lent by various Los Angeles ghysu Jans It is cooler than in the adjiuing v2 by, and more bracing; yet oranges z y on the Santa Rosa and neighbonn gx % hills. A fine level road Sealy § down iy Temecula past the ranch 0 3 53 Won and the old rarer ate. SWAG. 10 ye es on his violin. Here the 46 Southern California: Temecula Valley ends abruptly in the wall of Mt. Palomar or Smith’s Moun- tain. Among the hills, and in one of the most attractive localities we have seen, lies the little Indian village of Pa- changa, where a large number of Indians live in their tulle and character- istic huts. Some aspire to- adobe, and most all have a little summer kitchen, as it were, in which may be seen the matate and great stone mor- tar and pestle of their ancestors still in use. Some of the Qld squaws we find making baskets of grass to sell to “‘ten- .derfeet” as souvenires of the Ramona country. Few full-blooded Indians are seen, the majority being halfbreeds, speaking a jargon of Indian and Mexi- can. This little village is by far the most interesting place to’ visit in the vicinity, where many of the customs of a fast disappearing race may be ob- served. From Pachanga we take the Palomar Cafion road and wind down a pass that has been blasted out. Here some fine mountain scenery greets the eye, and the rugged nature of the hills is a pleasing diversion from the level country. We are twohours in making the descent, and finally roll into the ancient and picturesque mis- sion village of Pala. At Veals’ adobe hotel or inn we are hospitably enter- tained, and shown the room which Mrs. Jis Climate, Fruits, Resorts, etc. 4&1 Jackson occupiec while collecting ma- i “Ramona. - : te the annual fiesta 1M hone ot San Luis Rey is generally held, W Jin e were fortunate 1n nptending, en all the pasaiios assemble a Jasvore themselves tO several days OL P Sasure The old mission is fast Jing to ruin, and the walls of J on e almost dl fans . Re are still nose and a: the cheerless, seatless chape vices are occasionally held. psi Ten miles to the east, i afions and over mesas, and ew ma Wri an Indian village wit Bf Ha Toission and perhaps 20 adobe an Iinsh houses. Here a former oapnail, o 0” tairs us in a silk hat, exh on $n i i pride his i dance. ] 8 Bhotogragh akon when, be i 4 C0 (al d tell us [ Ds bioved that many of his people eir queen. called b C8 Lore the fiesta Wo Is was also held, we may (LIF 2 into the i esir a tart we return i) j3ioy She little stream down from 8 brook to the Mission of Sa ba Rey The road is siemet. Sos 4, i sting from the Ia ] By distance with Mexican 48 Southern California : or Indian homes, of the bette In nearly all are found old a and the matate still in use, the omni- present Tod, pepper hanging from the enoting th i i eel am g the nationality of Beyond San Luis Rey is the thrivi watering-place, Oonsiiis, from ne we head for the pride of the connty, the Bios Boapons al southwest, San : its wonder BI amous beach and an Diego County, through whi have been roaming for is hig days, has an area of 14,969 square miles and possesses 9,580,000 acres, or what will convey a better idea to the tourist from the East, is about as large as Massachusetts, Connecticut, Rhode Island and Delaware would be joined together. It boasts 38,000,000 acres of farming land, and is diversified by mountain and valley. It possesses tha second harbor of importance on the gonst, Sng isrich in the resources neces- iy e support of a large popu- ‘The town where Father Franci » nipero Serra in 1769 founded pn mission, has, after many vicissitudes grown to be the third city of import- ance in California, and the second in Southern California. Situated upon a bay of great beauty, with a rich and lis Climate, Fruits, Resorts, elc. 49 populous community, it is steadily en- larging its borders, and in a few years will rank with some of the great cities of commerce. San Diego is protected from the ocean by arms of land which form the bay, and upon one of which is located the town and hotel of Coronado, one of the largest hotels, it_is believed in America—a curiosity in itself, and situated in a locality where all the con- ditions of life seem perfect; warm, bracing winters, with flowers bloom- ing; summers never t00 warm; in fact, Nature here, as in many -places in Southern California, seems to have sought and found a happy medium singularly adapted to the wants of mankind. The city is fully apace with those of the East of 40,000 or 50,000 in- habitants, and is an interesting place of resort to the tourist, while 1ts har- bor, one of the finest in the world, offers great inducements to the yachts- man. The old mission, the famous Coronado Beach and the whaling sta- tions are a few of the points of inter- est. San Diego is essentially a com- mercial city, and possesses a remark- able climate, reference to which will be found in the table of comparative climates. The rapid increase in the population of San Diego has resulted in the towns 4 50 Southern California. of National City, Monument Mission Valley, El Cajon AL gil more, all noted for their fruit, which ranges from the apple to the orange. San Diego lies near the line which Separates Southern California from the Mexican part of the peninsula. The excellent land and incomparable climate have attracted the attention of American capitalists. and the towns of Ensenada, San Quintin and others have Sprang into life, reached either by boat or stage from San Diego. It 1S Impossible to adequately describe he charms of these localities i warm winter days. calities in the CHAPTER IV. The Heart of the Sierra Madres—Pic- turesque Views. While the glowing mesas and groves of oak of tLe low lands offer veried attractions. the great range of the Sierra Madres, under whose shadow they lie, possesses a still greater charm. Its seared and furrowed front, its mighty cafions, down which course the melted snows of the upper range, its forbidding aspect, and the tales of romance and mystery that are told of its deep recesses, all combine to render it an object of great and permanent interest. The tourist has not seen the grandest features of Southern California until its portals have been passed, and those who con- tent themselves with a distant view of its cafions and trails fail to accomplish their mission. From a distance the south slope of the range appears almost bare, but once reach its borders, and an almost impenetrable maze of bush is found. Herp are two kinds of wild lilac, whose blossoms give the entire slopes a white and lavender hue, while the madrofia, manzanita, wild mahogany and 52 Southern California. chaparral, in the varyin i and shades that play ov ig presents wondrous transformations C or. ere i is secluded, and has gel. Sxpogure, large pines appear, and ie slopes are well wooded at "about he 4000-foot elevation. Originall e range seemed to have rs abrupt parallel ridges of a more or less regular aspect, but the rains of untold centuries have coursed down the ston faces of the peaks, and now an ey Jinanle maze of wooded channels Jos the waters down to the valle elow, made by the washings of the Jauge. At intervals of several miles large caiions open into the valley, form- ng natural gateways into the moun- Joins. Beginning miles in the heart of the range, they wind down and enter fhe valley as arroyos, or dry rivers; in e winter bearing streams of rushing Jaior, bi in She Semmer presenting I 0 eami ished pebbles and De i lofi sycamores, cottonwoods and mn ows grow. The rocks piled here } 3 Aloisn) fresnety are overgrown with ( and ivy; the wild Jemajis and other vines Srey angles among the stones, so the oe JAYOWith its enbcwered paths and trails ecomes a delight to the walker. The Its Climate, Fruits, Resorts, etc. 53 most available cafions from Pasadena or Los Angeles are the Arroyo Seco, Millard, Eaton, Los Flores, Santa ‘Anitaand San Gabriel, each possessing features peculiar to itself and abound- ing in scenery of great beauty and va- riety. The Arroyo Seco is one of the largest, and leads to Switzer’s camp, about 12 miles in the heart of the range, where the tourist will receive an old Virginia welcome. The Arroyo Seco Cafion at its en- trance near Las Cacitas and the San Fernando Valley is quite narrow, ris- ing abruptly from the mountains through rocky walls. Along the borders of the little stream dwarf wil- lows and sycamores have grown, and over them falls a living veil of wild grape, almost completely covering the entrance of this winding gorge. The trail, which is open to a horse and wagon for three miles, follows the tortuous winding of the cafion, Cross- ing and recrossing the stream many times, and brings one at every turn into view of new beauties. . The cafion, while growing deeper and the walls more lofty as we pro- ceed, varies as to its breadth; now widening out into little clearings with groups of live oaks and alders, or nar- rowing until there is scarcely room for a trail. 54 Southern California : The brook bed is filled with boul- ders, the water tumbling musically down over them, and forming shallow pools for the gleaming trout. In the open spots the cacti afford pro- tection to the rabbits, and the cheveauz de frise of the yucca guards its lofty stalk of flowers. To thoroughly enjoy this retreat the trip should be made in the saadle, when Negro and Dead Man’s cafions and other spots not accessibie by wagon can be explored. hree miles in we came to the small ranch of Judge Bronk, the bee-keeper of the cafion, and one mile Dbe- yond is another settler who is here regaining health. From here the cafion rapidly deepens and huge basing are passed, cut out by the former rushes of waters, whose precipitous sides are covered with ferns of vivid green for hundreds of feet. The trees grow larger and more majestic; the trail narrows and the sky appears like a blue river above, sharply defined by the boundaries of the cafion. Trout dart from among the rocks as we splash along, and the modern Walton stops occasionally to cast a fly from burro back. Curious insects flitamon the gigantic brakes; the mimetic katy- did floats down like a veritable leaf, while from a leafy eyrie the mountain squirrel eyes us with distrust, Its Climate, Fruits, Resorts, etc. 55 ion the arro- 500 feet elevation Al ig trail leading up a X tain so steep and predipity Jun foi by a zigzag climb can i 5 9 a and the rider of the ih a and sees the others 0 S i He ai doubling and iarping a : *1 directly overhead. Ah Torres of the range Now me ap - t. We stand upon i Joy hice, “hogtack.? and look {ons 0 f in 3 Be ar gigantic gorge, with g on- power of water and ¢ i he east isintegration. To t 55 fequenth Lise ae of dlonny Dis ON ooant. the caiions O Bigs 1M Frm Bear winding away 3 A 3» g, supporting great gan i ii A ye Beyond. he es 228 8 age nl n 5% EO Los Cafion’s SRE Bling 50 or more feet, and Yosompime i of some musical instenipons oy Pt the moss-covered TOR 3 Ee the trail Yoags 5 ay mm lode propped cut in the rocks ou ar that a horse or Duzsy gan ry turn, and where many Ja 5 wi bo walk, as from the s 56 Southern California: pebble can be dropped, landi ° n Plow that no sound of its fall i ac . Yet there is no danger. Th sturdy guide leads the band and the patient horses are well trained oh Ing Sor ee & week during the ] : . lrode my own inexper- ienced horse in, preferri i er burro or narrow- 1s bur: [ nar gauge mule, as th jovial Virgi r : higband. © styles the members of his shelf passed are marshaled into Tanue > Jrows narrow, and the opposite te bre how Jen Sones with the white candle-stick of hy ae ion, 8 poetically called. The effect of th s magnificent flowers against the io osu In extremely striking. The Shay rites 10 or 15 feet, bearing clus- jors of cream-white, bell-shaped SO Iie § ree or f ln Longéh jand two feet in it gues, aving a striking resemblance t ally the century plant. As far ° we can see, the mountains are ie) With these Siblems of purity : 1ve or six hours more have - cipiea n making this" a La Suu op urn brings the Virginia Falls Ii Yow and the Camp of Switzerland ideal spot it is; by the side of the Its Climate, Fruits, Resorts, etc. 07 arroyo, nestled between the mountains, and just above the fall. The projectors of this remarkable trail have obtained a new lease of life in the pure mountain air, and many invalids resort here; while to the tour- ist the various points of interest, good trout fishing, the falls and caves, offer a variety of attractions. Switzer’s is perhaps 15 miles from Pas- adena, the trip requiring nearly an en- tire day, and from here one can push. on with a guide to Barley Flats and a little known mountain Jake, and find large game — deer and bear. The reat charm of this region lies in its extreme wildness, and {he fact that it has been but little explored gives it an additional interest. Of the other cafions, Millard is the one most visited, as carriages can drive in for several miles, and a walk of nearly a mile along the little stream and under lofty trees prings one to the fall—a beautiful one some 60 feet in the water has cut an n out of the rock, into which leaps the silvery stream that issues from a narrow opening high above and glides down over a matting of maidenhair fern. By clinging to the roots of trees and rocks the bank here may be ascended, and the brook followed further up the range, where a 58 Southern California. trail is ultimately to be made. Eaton Caflon has also a fine fall well worth visiting. The San Gabriel Cafion is a vast water way, abounding in fine trout Doors, and well repaying the ride from asadena. An entirely different phase of scen- ery is afforded by the various trails of the Sierras. In passing up Arroyo Seco the old Soledad trail is seen, now ‘a mere line, that was commenced and worked with .much difficulty several years ago. Various new trails are now being made in different directions that will enable one to reach the summit over- looking the valley with comparative ease. The most available one from Pasadena has been made by the sons of John Brown from Las Cacitas. This winds upward between N egro and Mil- lard cafions, and by it the summit of Brown’s Peak can be reached in half a day by burro. Across Millard Cafion a good trail leads from the Giddings ranch up the mountain for some distance, affording a magnificent view of the valley, and available for horses or burros. I have reached this trail from the bend of Millard Cafion; but the climb, almost upon the hands and knees through the scrub and brush, is not to be recom- mended. / Its Climate, Fruits, Resorts, etc. 59 i in the im- ilson’s Peak, the highest in ] a vicinity of Pasudsun, w. reached by i90 sails, She oem \ best leading from RA g Cafion, near the Sie Vil, and requiring an entire day for t. ne ew from Wilson’s Park, a the timbered tract upc the SCL ove the e is called, v pin. is rand beyond, conception, I i e © . . . boi hal Adirondack wih us maze of lakes, from Blue Moun youd the i Rockies from Ouray, orim peaks of the EO but the scene that burs a h that covers emerged from the bus og Sierra Madres, and gaz jn into of San Gabriel, was AT, beautiful than any of these. } : en. the in early winter, Ww Pe just undergoing the Asal transformation; the piigide and val le ich in greens, W > ei rs kindled into flame with low of the poppy. hai 04 the yousy ad yirple i hich gave way, rn, Noleate ay of growing grains. By Puente Hills ig ri hd youdup . and the distant la 00 a the bosom of the plain. J Ra stretched away the Pacific, 60 Southern California. shining in th i i sails i vient, Wid white e are in another world ir i fryer hing and like a os ap iS rages hy pure and clear the distant hile the view from h i Ronsive and grand, Mt. one Fan Dernandine, afford a picture of ion : foyen. Jae remarkable. g summits Peaks, 000 feet above the Page gs 9 fhe Alpine Club aL J Sy racing several hundred Syne uf es of country, ocean, des Bnd gan en. Perchance he ma or Sana 2 on a snowbank, and, if To ited S east or southeast, sees one £ fie st desolate regions in th an } Yorld-a tract so ey aa Vo _ that the term. oa by ey, might be applied to it § Sab hon ern portion is the vast ex. Rinse Nowa as the Mojave Dooce. Ragse wi ave never crossed it can have Q Coneepion of its horrors t Those W) 0, ill-advised and witho t Maen have attempted it on f 3 Neha In mid-summer Sole OR arog YL wih fis furnace, producing Wis aingu yucca, that with their ih shapes seem ; the place. the rightful offspring of Its Climate, Fruits, Resorts, etc. 61 To the south lies the Arizona Desert, separated from the former by a range of low hills, equaling it in size and ex- ceeding it in the frightful character of its summer heat. But turn the eyes and they rest upon a region of surpass- ing loveliness; one of the garden spots of the world, where fruits and flowers of every clime meet on common ground. Tn the south lies San Diego Coun1y, while far in the distance dim peaks tell of Old Mexico. The valley ot San Gabriel is a verita- ble crazy quilt, greens, yellows, som- bre grays, and many tints combining to produce a strange effect. 10s Angeles and the towns about are mere patches of color upon the hills that in a confused mass seem rolling oceanward. Old Baldy, or Mt. Junapero, San Jacinto, Santa Ana and San Gorgonio all well repay the lover of mountain climbing. The rise on some of the slopes is at least 10,000 feet in four and three-quarter miles, and many places defy approach from the abruptness of the rocky walls. The summit of Juuapero often bears great masses of snow far into the summer; but it is in early winter after a heavy rain that the peaks appear in all their splendor. To visit any of these summits guides can be secured from the nearest towns, 62 Southern California - and often ‘burros can be taken to very near the summit; but in no case should an inexperienced person attempt the upper range of the Sierras without a guide or thorough equipment of water and supplies. - It would be difficult to mention all the trails worthy of investigation leading up the Sierra Madres; have their ch extremely long and stee others that can be made in half a day. The cafion trail or Las Cacitas, at the foot of Brown's Peak, leads by easy grade to some of the most delightful retreats in the mountains, with lovely falls, gigantic ferns six and eight feet high. - natural baths of stone, and other wonders of the range reproduced here upon a smaller scale. One of the finest views directly down the valley is obtained from the Ramona Park trail or Linda Vista, which leads up over the hills by easy stages. This is now connected to Pasadena by 3 steam railroad. The descent on the other sideis precipitous, leading into a deep cafion that winds away, bringing one to Eagle Rock Valley and Garvanza, The old Fre- mont trail, over which the famous pathfinder is said to have passed, lies directly back of Pasadena, to the west, and, and from its Summit one lnoks 3 Iis Climate, Fruils, Resorts, etc. 6 btains a he town, and O aay Py i miles down the vale. view 0 road now leads up He 3 pil once hauled Shes 2. a thrall brane out all ove the i '] hills 22 ii a 3 with flowers of Se EN is on the lowlands Jrou ie upper Tange wed wil bin the : lon, ou rdi- hi possess a more than o By charm. CHAPTER VV. A Midwinter Day—The True Land of Flowers. Christmas in Southern California is wafted in through open doors with the odor of a thousand flowers. range is white with dazzling snow- banks that scintillate and gleam in the n. From the valley the snow- bs of great pines are dis- tinctly seen, and when the wind rises white phantom shapes are borne aloft, whirled upward hundreds of feet and carried away, to be lost in t he warmer air of the lowlands. The real eastern Christmas, then, is ere. We can almost hear the music of the sleigh-bells, stroke of the Snow-shoveler’s pick; but the snow flurries are five or six miles .away on the summit of the upper range, where, like some giant, winter is chained, helpless and impotent. he contrast between the valley and the mountains at this time, is strikin y indeed. About the gardens butterflies, in silver, gold, yellow and blue tints, flit from flower to flower. Rare roses cover the veranda with their countless blossoms, and their falling petals are the valley snowflakes of this Christmas or the metallic DUNT FLOW THE FRBANK TUR. Tr —— Scenes at Pasadena, in the San Gabriel Valley. Climate, Fruits, Resorts, etc. 65 day. The meadow lark pours forth its carol on the mesa; myriads of song- sters throng the trees, and all nature seems to invite the lounger to an out- door life. Carriages and teams of divers kinds, equestrians, and victims of the patient burro are already out and winding their way to ‘the picnic grounds in the cafions and elsewhere. An adventurous party is bound for a distant snow-bank; proposing to eat strawberries and navel oranges for lunch on the Gidding’s ranch, and an hour or so later, snowball each other on the slopes above. The roads are gay with vehicles from the tally-ho with its load of New Yorkers to the buckboard with trio of hunters. Here are sleek greyhounds trotting after their owners, anticipating the rise of a jack rabbit or cotton-tail, while the baying of hounds tells of game already started. The profusion of wild flowers will attract the most latent interest, and ‘poppy land,” as the upper mesa or Altadena is called, and that seems afire with their glow, 1s a marvel to the eastern eye—a solid mass of golden yellow, so vivid and intense that it has been seen from the oceah 25 miles away, the old mariners calling the Altadena uplands at this time the land of fire, or Terra del Fuego. The road- sides are lined with wild flowers of 5 66 Southern California - every hue, that succeed ea ) ch i endless variety as the days an moos the first to respond to the 4 is rains and tell of the change in Datos 1s the delicate bluish pink star- a LB o fhe 3liileris, Quickly : other forms new lover of wild flowers. Y Le spring up in field and ay ls } among the grain, by the side, or grouped about the Foi the lof - Nun, as if seeking its ae hn fem comes the baby bluette of fhe © i aren, AE sky blue : Ws in masse the roadways, together with eons or) on faa ron of slender-stalked 1 , they might of Jeans tiny: On the Fred all), ; , Or up in the mes the foot of the ran ri E ge, we ig shooting-star, with im pele 8, nodding gently in the breeze As the days roll on, summer days in winter, new flowers appear and color fioceeny _ color. Delicate lavender 111es, miniature pale pink hollyhocks daisies with white petals and dark sontons, or yellow petals and centers of i arker yellow; some with shinin 1a08s. Other of velvet blue—speaking S¥l0ences of the endless resources of The more humble flowers, the grasses, = Its Climate, Fruits, Resorts, etc. 67 possess an interest peculiarly their own. The ornamental ‘‘feather grass,” stiga setigera, grows on the dry hills and plains, and the luxuriant alfalfa, medicago sativa, is the favorite cattle fodder. The alfileria, another false grass, is, when green, also eaten by the cattle, and in its seedtime is well worthy careful examination, as in it we find one ot the most interesting examples of dispersal. The seeds not only leap from the parent stock, but are enabled to plant themselves. When the sun is shining brightly upon the ripened patch, by leaning over them, a low, scarcely discernible sound may be heard. This is occasioned by the seeds as they leap or snap from the stalk, often landing two feet away. The seed pod bears (without using the technical botanical terms) five or more seed stalks, each consisting of a cen- tral permanent stalk, about which the seeds, which are attached to an awn about two inches in length, cling. These latter barb-like arrows, the pointed seed representing the barb, of “a rich chestnut hue and covered with. short, thistle-brown hairs, all point forward. The rod of the arrow is rep- resented: by the awn, and is bent. Eight or more delicate hairs are seen to spring out and stand horizontal to it; but when the seed is in the pod, so to 68 Southern California : speak, they are parallel wi t 1 che presence of these a a on a elicate seed might be passed on fs « no importance, but they really fare, a decided bearing u on fhe uture of the plant. If gall th 4 3 that are produced from SOE plan dropped directly upon Te Lowa, they would soon destroy cy oth r, jo Nature provides the seed with in oa gin board 5) in moving away rent. The seed i Sak, ae Sonar Von eS 3 m and spring i he 2h ang almost immediately he alk b n 8. This throws the litt.e wh airs, already alluded to, out at ng angles i) Se stalk, which is now ldly twisting on i I Sqrming like a living thing. Lonely 2850p of water is placed upon it he So 3 ae ne a if more moist : 1 or sta i glu in untwist again. N malt wy > 5584 in the sun and the motion will agai cease until the moisture has evaporased, when the original twisting Samana. : ess of planting is as f : he Phong 1s what is lows: Join il hygroscopic, terms applied to fox : at are extremely susceptible to oe sture or dryness. If the seed upo alling punctures the ground or vi Its Climate, Fruits, Resorts, etc. 69 in a crevice, as many do, the little golden brown hairs upon it act as so many barbs in holding it in place; the twisting of the arm or stalk striving to push it down, the delicate white hairs, which are quite long, assisting it. In this way the seed is slowly forced into the ground, but as it is evident that the rapid twisting would not be sufficient to bury the seed, we must look for some other factor. We find that its susceptibility to dryness causes the first twisting, and that the application of moisture causes a reverse movement; so the first night after the seed has leaped from its stalk it becomes moistened by dew and immediately begins to uniwist. This movement does not draw the seed out on account of the hairs that hold it in place; on the contrary, my experi- ments show that both movements serve to drive the seed farther in. In the morning the seed stalk has straight- ened out, but as the sun climbs over the Sierras the moisture evaporates, and under the fluence of the dryness it begins to coil and twist again, and so day and night this goes on until the little seed is planted one or two inches. Another remarkable example of hy- groscopism is seen here in the awn of fhe wild oat. By holding one in the hand, and the same is true of the Southern California. alfileria, it will squirm about, and Soemingly Les governed by the breath en or es jugglers took advan- i and told AR De Te pedis ] L with th When Lo, said were “legs of a : Shanted y,”” or ‘legs of an Arabian Shider These observations amon Jae Wer and grasses may be one hi y Soo: yard during these winte Says a the interest aroused will 3 found of msuepected value to he i : 3s to for is ai ments, or the tourist, ia that dreadful malady, ennui. CHAPTER VL A Choice of Climates—The Finest Climate in the World. That the attractions of Southern California and the benefits to be de- rived from its climate have been over- estimated and exaggerated, it is use- less to assert. It is the fate of every place that attracts public attention. Southern California is not a paradise, nor can it bear comparison to the alleged Garden of Eden. The San Jacinto and other hot and mineral springs, valuable as they are, cannot, by any flight of imagination, be con- strued inte fountains of perennial youth. The ideal climate is yet un- discovered. Perfection is not to be found, and the tourist or invalid who comes to California in search of these qualities, is often disappointed. What can be truthfully said of Southern California is that it possesses a climate second to none in its equability, and as a health resort, where a continued resi- dence, winter and summer, in a mild climate, is desired, it has no equals ir? this country or Europe. For these reasons, and that the towns and cities are in many respects prototypes of those of the East, lacking the crudities 72 Southern California. of the typical border t ’ owns of - al continental region, oF Se or oe y Jal tods, 2% pouring in with a | \ astonishing, and th winter rush of tourists, in ali 1 pleasure-seekers have i ds a ent season found incomplete and inad- Squats Jesummodgions. Numbers of ecome perman i dents and have ak gh p legant vill upon the mountain slo ° dena claims with excu ig Pash. ith sable : 20 Eastern millionaires have a fn Sones itn her borders S asked to give a general or . Provera og SoNihstn California because it I Sod soy during the year for Oe Jet, 098 tdoor life, wi and summer, than - ie { , y other i this country. For a number ria pd) Moning, in the Key West re ) near Jacksonville d it . tractions are still fresh i yng Mp a but while its winte Sad uN Dany; Derk ytutle ? Winters ae charming, I heat. enervation if Jato ale. Ls the benefits derived oii foi angel uring th i : wi all those who gh Yann Nox at the approach of warm anther, and so fal toobtain the bene- X ed residence in the f vored locality which, in Sra C , in most i a necessity. Lung troubles Forgas is Climate, Fruits, Resorts, etc. 13 peen establishing themselves for years cannot be eradicated in a single season, and require an utter and complete change of habits and a residence for more than a winter season in the locality selected; and that which offers the greatest inducements for outdoor life and enjoyments, other conditions being equal, would seem the most de- sirable, and on this ground principally the reputation of Southern California has grown. Days of cloudless skies come and go, summer glides into winter without perceptible effort, and the startling changes of the seasons SO dreaded in the East are not noticed. Winter is heralded by a deepening green on the hillsides, and the chapar- ral, which has been brown and gray and which has given the mesas a burnt look, takes on new life. The morn- ings, evening and nights are cooler, and a grate fire is often a necessity. Yet this cold is deceptive, as, despite i¢s presumptive presence, the flowers are blooming, and the delicate hot- house rose bushes of the East burdened with blossoms are seldom touched by the frost. In fact. in the two years spent on the mountain slopes and in the valley, the only effect of frost that I observed was the blackening of to- mato vines, the most delicate lowers not being injured on the coldest nights. 74 Southern California. It is difficult to define the California seasons, but they may be said to be a series of transitions from the early eastern fall to summer and back again. Winter has, as a rule, one distinguish- ing feature, the rains, which are ex- pected from November to April, and rarely appear at other times. In the winter of 1886-’7 there were about 14 days of rain, constituting the entire rainfall of the season. In the year previous it rained during these months on an average of once in three weeks, and several of the storms were as tedious and disagreeable as the most severe northeaster that ever came upon the New England Coast. These rains are not sudden storms, but, as a rule, are announced with much delib- eration. For several days low banks of cloud creep in from the southwest, encompassing the upper range. They , disappear in the morning, reforming later in the day, and finally this mar- shaling results in the rain that soon transforms the face of the country. Thunderstorms are very rarely experi- enced, perhaps one or two a year, and sudden squalls and cyclones are un- known. The only visitation in the way of wind, except the ordinary trade, is the sandstorm, or norther, that is on very rare occasions experi- erced in some portions of the valley. Its Climate, Fruits, Resorts, etc. 7% me but ig city I learned that ab the - i iced, and i extreme wind was noticed, ig be said to be portacily hi tected from these invasions that s ike some of the more exposed towns. oe gandstorms are VI10 Js I 3 desert that, at long inte: . the si for several nots with, ne mist. 5) st regular Tiny hol Jian om iggoreeable, and O is within doors, do not Jpn i average occupy more than i days in the entire year, the other Yor ing so near perfect that they ate on sidered so by the average mortals, 325 will be with dongles a TE o e term rainy Seal ) Bi the water, a Hoo erroneou ) 2 hie: uy rainfall for the year at Pash dena is hardly 20 inches, 13.97 eg the average of Los Agee New inches less than el on York, or 35 inches los en Jacagon i Fla., just sufficient to ren he water supply nd create the nge in seasons. | a rainfall might pile i the novice in the study of dima) is cessive heat, but the Southern Ca 76 Southern California : nia s'ummer on the mesas is, as a rule, cooler than the cities of New York or Philedelphia. There are some intensely hot days, but not the suffocating, prostrating ones that roduce sunstrokes in the ast. The latter is never known here. The highest temperature recorded in Los Angeles in six years was 103°, but how exceptional this was is evident from the report of the Signal Service, which shows that the mercury regis- tered 90° and over only 54 times. The cool trade wind from the Pacific is felt nearly all summer, and is the great modifier of the heat, rendering the hottest days bearable. A temperature of 95° in New York for three days would result in a long list of sun- strokes, yet laborers work here in the field with the thermometer at its high- est without fear. The fact that Los Angeles lies in the same latitude with places in the East where the zero mark is reached, and possesses so mild a climate may seem incredible, but, as previously stated, this is due to the modifying influence of a Pacific gulf stream, the J apanese current Kurisiwo, which sweeps down the Pacific Coast, having a tempera- ture varying but little from 56° the year round, and which produces the evenness of temperature and absence Its Climate, Fruits, Resorts, etc. T1 : i Cali- e found in the Seuthern Jaen imate, aso explaining wy Santa Monica , : Ye & 610 in January, while that i Newport at the same time a g3oC, No matter how rs Ro days the nights are always Jodh, a 4 planket.is generally needed the Jeat round. This diurnal change In yom erature is extremely marked, a 18 reciably felt at 5 0 clock in Wn i ing when invalids susceptl e > change should return to the hous id the chill. : ; BO California wiih Te sembles New York Oc re often ol days, an e extremly chilly, with rosl tn ow ‘ rdinar ¢ Planes a. summer oe e. The nig Cobo thn hey realy are, und when the rain is beating a YN wind howling under Aves, om sy most meine bmslt In n storm; ye : 2 DOr will perhaps register but 5 The monthly mean tor J aunary Bi mid-winter for Los Angeles 1s don 520, about that ¥ Ss Augustine. ag : ean for ] ogg hence Cs cLunge he wees id-wi and mid-su rr a most important fact 78 Southern California: to the invalid. This implies i ‘ ie i from isu/jden Changes, ay ! of melting frost : many inconveniences TAL cK persons are subjected to in the North and East, In Jacksonville, Fla., the difference between wint ( er and is 27°, and we have Cr merging dedgiiin winters. In Den- whi : days and yan Ry Calawinie: ile subjected to the trade wi any Wing in 20 miles of the Pa % untry is by no meansd and is classed among th py dry climates ee S erpiely tes. cal results of thi are seen in meat drying wh a to the air, and gra Ba 0 tk . grapes being made int raisins by laying them i fate There is an almost ab I, Yoo sun, . sol malaria-producing as ha o tables reeking in the sun. The Squishes and pumpkins are dry shells 1 be field when the next crop is’ ban ed. There are no swamps, no Po pay ie produfs disease, and as [ peculiar to the Magawtoes, the bane of ay, Sac ) Do amen and Florida, Pasadena, and to th CRE ] e lack of sw : is prob i A 13 Sebanly due this acceptable im- These features of life in the San Ga- Its Climate, Fruits, Resorts, etc. 79 ® briel Valley have conduced to some ex- tent in populating it, and thousands have found homes here who originally came merely to spend the winter sea- son; yet the most important feature, that which gives it a decided advan- tage over any winter resort in this country or Europe, is the fact that within two or three hours from Los Angeles one can attain climatic condi- tions radically the antipodes of each other, ranging from the seashore to an altitude of 11,000 feet above it. The warm, dry mesa, where frost is rarely seen; cool cafions, moist valleys, where frost comes every winter night; breezy hilltops, wooded lowlands, and ranges of altitude from the snowline to the sub-tropical seaside. From Los Angeles to San Bernardino there are many localities well worthy a visit, each having their votaries and admirers, who point to invalids who have there become cO mparatively well. In testing these places it should be remebered that it 18 necessary to remain longer than a few days, unless the location is found to be eminently un- fitted to the person, and the advice of some competent physician should be taken before settling permanently. ypical Southern California sanl- tarium site may be found in Las Caci- tas, which was selected by its promoters 80 Southern California. after a critical ex? inati 2 examinatio Shire Jange fading the mg die 1s warmer in wi So Niny logs susceniints to ay r localities, and ha most absolute immunity Ba ab ¢ y from Jos Chena bin 3 Platean, four ® ena, reaching down f the mouniain, having fn wliiude of 2 connect i fo the summit of Brown’s a by (sll as an altitude of 5500 feet. It com brisas about 80 acres, and is almost $oubsialy surrounded By Millard Prighe Jad the Arroyo Seco Cafions. nk 8 laid out as a park, possesses i Shi alvaages and is being A ne o e choice s oe a onsen in its as. ) B S, a natural s i drainage. Trough them ha rawn off, i Platesn exromly dry. Wyss 1 og reaches this altit it may be seen dividin de A se g at the i o She cafions, passing up Lnaen aut Mug e plateau almost if not as Cacitas has a miner i al s pda water system sufficient Ta Das i slectuie light and run a .. It is reached by fi - Pies for driving and a Eon ran rails are among the finest in the Its Climate, Fruits, Resorts, etc. 81 mountains, with views unsurpassed, and abounding in falls and works of reat natural beauty. Just above is the home of two of John Brown’s sons, while a daughter has a summer home tarther up the trail. In all, there are 13 descendants of J ohn Brown living within rifle-shot of Las Cacitas. The objectional features of the sani— tarium have been avoided here, and. the place is more on the plan of an ordinary park of homes, the idea being to have a large central hotel, while those seeking the locality for health can live in cottages, {hus securing the comfort of home seclusion without the attendant worries of housekeeping. Fogs are, experienced on the whole Pacific Coast, but decrease from San Francisco southward. While this visitant is here, Los Angeles County caunot be considered foggy in the gen- eral acceptation of the term. Weeks go by without a glimpse of a fog, which, however, is a welcome visitant at night to vegetation, and during a two years’ residence in Pasadena the writer has never seen a low, dense fog that lasted later than 9 Or 10 o’clock in the morning. According to the United States Signal Service Bu- reau there were in six years but 14 en- tirely foggy days in Los Angeles. The fogs, the cool nights and the 6 82 Southern California : dust in the summer may be said to constitute the main objections gen- erally raised by California’s critics; but the two former are not objectionable if proper precaution is taken, while the resorts of the seashore and mountain in the summer place one beyond the possibility of excessive heat and dust. The locality in Europe comparable to the San Gabriel is the far-famed Riviera, a strip or belt about 100 miles long, reaching through France and Italy from Hyéres in the former to Genoa in the latter country. It faces the Mediterranean, as Los Angeles does the Pacific, and is protected to the north by the Maritime Alps, as the San Gabriel is by the Sierra Madres. The season, which lasts from December to March, as in Florida, much resembles the Southern California winter, and Cannes, Mentone, San Remo and Monaco are filled to overflowing with visitors from all Europe. In all these - places every attraction is offered— parks, bands of music, casinos, etc. In September and October malarial fevers assert themselves in certain - localities, and in March hot, debili- tating winds, called soroccos, appear, forcing the army of invalids and tourists to migrate north. Southern California, on the other hand, pos- sesses an equable climate the year Its Climate, Fruits, Resorts, elc. 83 d a choice of many climates, an a few Jory travel, i i ity from the disagreeable 16: ii the Riviera, ie ; siness in advance of a a Bo in the world. Remarks that ap. lied to the San Gabriel climate 8 nd ago will not answer now, as 1 X changing. The advent of buial occupation, froignion 28d ihe ron ” i f trees have al i D offoct and, according to Dr. Wide: the days are growing ig hon erature is increasing, lessening the Sifference between day and night; there is an increase of moisture during the ary season, and an increased Ie wipitation from dew and Bog, : trade wind does not blow so strongly as of yore, and there ls a greater je dency to summer rains, all of whic point to still greater equability. 4 Southern California does not offer a panacea for all the ills ab hin 13 he d invalids, seriously 1ll, Ee hi well before leaving he pg e for those of a hotel, uke the latter may be. The best physicians in this country recom- mend Southern California to persons predisposed to lung and throat zou $5 either inherited or acquired, an d those who desire an equable clima % where there are no great extremes o 84 Southern California. heat or cold. Pers ) ‘ ons i i alanis, asthma, ha Sllved yi os 9 culties are often great] og a or cured, and at Fulton’ Wells 22940] ge localities, are springs th t fire lg ly recommended op a CE 5 Localities differ, so ve) Suggested, to insure a hs ook New requirements. HA 3 CHAPTER VIL ————————— The Ancient Californians Around San Gabriel Mission. In riding about the San Gabriel Val- ley near Pasadena and its suburbs the tourist will fin eresting evi- i in the valley. ments of various kinds that have been unearthed by the plow on the old ranches,and forcibly tell the story of the early days. Pasadena, then, is not a new settlement, and has passed through three distinct eras of occupation. First, that which might be called its stone age, when the makers of these rude implements dwelt here; second, the time of the missions, when the old fathers held sway; and third, the present reign of Americaus. Some of the dooryards of the original Pasadenians bear these relics; either grinding stones, heavy mortars, Or more elaborate dishes of various kinds, while arrow-heads, clubs and other ar- ticles may be seen in manv ranches. Certain localities have evidently been the site of old camps. When the foun- dation of the reservoir on Orange Grove avenue, Pasadena, was made, large numbers of implements were un- earthed, and after a rain they are 86 Sourhern California - often worked out, being easily distin- guished by their worn surfaces. So com- mon are these scrapers about Pasadena that Mr. H. N. R ust, the owner of. a fine collection, proposes to frame a walk near his house of them. One of the best localities for these curiosities is on the Gidding’s ranch at Millard Cafion, where hundreds of mortars and pestles have been found. = The owner of the ranch believes the spot to be the site of an ancient Indian camp, and that here are the accumula- tions of years. I have followed Mr. Gidding’s plough on horseback for an afternoon, and on an average a scraper, pestle, or fragment of mortar would be hrown up every 15 minutes. The mortars, in some instances, weigh six or eight pounds, and in shape, resem- ble the old-fashioned New England wooden chopping boards. Few are perfect, many having holes through the bottom, made, according to Mr. Rust, purposely, perhaps, when the camp was deserted. Exactly who these people were it is difficult to de- termine, though in all probability they were the ancestors of the present In- dians. We may obtain some idea of the original native population from Father Boseana, who, for 30 years, was con- nected with the missio n of San Juan Capistrano. He says: “The diversities Tis Climate, Fruils, Resorts, etc. 87 liarities e and other pecu o 9 Ligne extremely Saal, he pi tain to a certainty if a hots Br ts of Alta California groended dank ahs Gridnmecos. Those be cen € nd the extre \ ey a the Mexican Jomain hovz their heads close, Wii the sto Hore th. between Santa Sal [aad fhe on St Lucas, wear their al ny pL great pleasure in cu jig Ang hy mark of beauty. Those Noen 3 sik Barbara and Tagg SO craty from fhese 5s Lardy thoi hail ii 8 en entirely a formed from Shells stirs f money which passed ganens amon them, nd Ry iri ery swiit ent jon. be Sn Their deal qey Ja. boa d in places appropriate bo Sh it The Qicorany of any 176 43 t i California f H me hod 20 leagues you fund o isti i t—so fisting Big: one zosombie fhe ow The natives 0 Son her cann £ understand a yo ig Tn used in this missiol LiSin Juan gh ne os separated Jupgen BS epied the origina language in its phraseology and man- 88 Southern California : ner of pronunciati : i ion, I w fies such wight be the ar ill i be some connection Simi; y so that they could und on Bang each other.” Southern Cali. fora was he “undisputed Home'o . . € Wien J gas discovered by ye ar Aon SLind out by Cortez, and under oe San of Grizalva, who was killed oY ihe hvages. Cortez supposed th Sun y 0 be an island, and in the Se a ng year fitted out an expediti 5 Do, gio Sxpinine it in person, on and Brists y 1ers, negroes, settlers n 1537 another expediti od pedition w os iy ier Dia yet it was Bo bi J Jem ater that the Jesuits reall a) possession of the countr y Wablighen igh missions and a Encl of eas Shs in tae of races. apie Sstablishiient of the mission Spout | 05 Angeles dates from 1771, gh of August of this year PONY i 2 er Father Angel Somer : 8 es rom San Diego with a gua 5 Sts) rs, their destination bein th Prose uw _of Monterey. At the oblon 5 River (wos Angeles) des savages, foed uous i armed Palon, they fell back i Tie Rainer Its Climate, Fruits, Resor Is, etc. 89 of Our Lady of Dolores was exhibited, threw their weapons upon the ground, and ultimately expressed so muc friendship that the fathers had no difficulty in establishing the San . Gabriel Mission, on September 10th of that year, this being the fourth in upper California. For some time the mission consisted of a mere brush heap, with the im- planted Cross; but finally a building with mud walls was erected on the hill slopes near the San Gabriel River. Twenty years later this was abandoned, and a new mission was commenced five miles further north, being established about 600 feet north of the existing old mission at San Gabriel. The building was of adobe, with eight brick pillars. In time it became injured by earth- quakes, and being inadequate for the number of worshipers, it was finally abandoned, and in 1804 the foundations of the present San Gabriel Mission were laid. The latter is a long massive building, with walls of stone and buttresses of brick. The bell-tower in the west end is quaint and picturesque, and perforated for a complete chime of bells, of which four still remain, while at the east end is a stone stairway lead- ing into the small gallery within the church. The windows are small and high—a- protective measure—and the 90 Southern California. original roof was of tiling, being re- placed with shingles about 20 years ago. The mission today is bare and crude to Eastern eyes, but around its old walls cling many romances of the olden days, and its chimes still call the faithful of San Gabriel. The mission church on certain days is open to the public, though access is always to be obtained from the woman in charge, a contribution to the poor being expected by the attendant. The interior, and indeed the entire church, has been extensively repaired during the past year, yet retains the old features. The walls are rudely plastered and hung with paintings of the saints and the stations found in all Catholic churches. A gallery occupies the rear, approached by the stone stair- way upon the outside. According to Father Bot, the largest bell of the chime was cast in North Prussia. Another came from Boston, while the others were probably brought from Spain. The unoccupied space in the tower was once filled with a mock wooden bell, but this has disappeared. Adjoining the mission is the adobe home of the priest, while to the north is the graveyard with its army of crosses, where lie many of the descend- ants of the Spanish and Mexican patriots. Jts Climate, Fruits, Resorts, etc. 91 i town sev- trolling through the old os adobes sre JesR, Ong, Neap the mission, 1S sal ) 4 where the Indians i old mission gardens at opposite the church, and here wes formerly two large date palms, i ining. a ep the original Junge, lemon and olive posters, i) hire Sn the little town otf dan a tablished the famous mo ngyare, ving 3000 vines, an lly AR Des were proscied by Ih mense hedges of a giant ¢ guy, Diy of which may still be seen found Jan jel. The first oranges 1 pd panied hese Ba 1900, nd they were about to be 2 scone was set out in Los Ange A igsion, during the times praint rope, ay mer 2h cars of Padre José Maria V oa] LW the visitors to San Gabrie 0 Tie Bae trees and old groves. He You hefty se erfect himself in the India ¢ the church ser used there, translating the 150 ice i i hing in the nati vice into it and preac Spae0 . Salvadéa, however, 0 ul. His efforts excited eg pidity and Jaslousy a ofhers, ang osed and se ¢ TS Ao where he lost his reason and finally died. 92 Southern California. During the Spanish reign the fathers had absolute control of the missions, and undoubtedly disregarded the rules laid down by the Governor, which re- quired that 10 years after a pueblo or town was established all property should be divided among the converts, adopting a policy that resulted in the complete demoralization of the In- dians, rendering them so helpless and dependent that when finally Mexico obtained her independence and the In- dians were released from the suprem- acy of the priests, they were totally unfit for self-control and so given over to indolence and drunkenness that a year later the law of emancipation was repealed and they were again un- der priestly control. Under the Mexican rule there were some who began to investigate the dis- ciples of St. Francis, and it was found that far from emulating the poverty of the founder of their order, the fathers were the magnates of the land, and an order was soon issued for the secular- ization of the missions. The fathers who had built up this magnificent. es- tate were ‘relieved from the adminis- tration of temporalities,” and were re- quested to devote their time to spiritual matters. It is said that in a spirit of revenge the Franciscan priests made every attempt to destroy the + Tis Climate, Fruits, Resorts, etc. 93 rs at San Gabriel, so that i fall into the hands of nig encmies of the order; thousan 4 i cattle were slaughtered, ots p> rooted and vineyards mined. on ther hand, many old residen Ss } y that these aps of ig 0 B = e strange: the De i will look in yal) or he native Indian tribes. They ) a $95 appeared like the buffalo of ! e plan cheated, enslaved, driven rom {hese rightful homes by vandal AR ng and Mexicans, they have bec me 4 mere remnant ofa fast-disapp 4 Wilson made he Hon. B. D. a Ip 1 9 the Injen Depariinen), in which he OHA oh 3 tha Tulare, Los Angeles nisenos and Dieguenos. San Lv report was made, nd hut 5000 could be found, and the ¥iping out of this 10,000 men, Vome Ana children, for such it wa _ dark blot upon the hiseoss JL as American Nation. The pitl ul, Yelp nant are scattered all - aver Soul ern California, hidden 2 Ay aia the mountains of San Jacinto & 3 San) Bernardino, while 1n the recess 94 Southern California : the other ranges and hills one occa- sionally comes upon a small settle ment. In Verdugo Cafion, six miles from Pasadena, there is a small settle- ment of half breeds, living in houses formed of grass; but by far the greater ~ number are in San Bernardino and San Diego counties, while others are to be found about the missions of San Luis Rey, San Juan Capistrano, and others up and down the coast. The little village of San Gabriel is today a collection of grog shops, hardly aspiring to anything else, yet its his- tory is interesting in the extreme, and time may be well sent in strolling over yards in its pre- Among the old ranches or ha- ciendas about the village are many that date back to the earliest Ameri- can occupation. Among them is the Los Robles (the oaks), the property and former country home of ex- Gov. Stone- man, embracing about four hundred acres, and including a large vineyard, from which many tons of grapes are taken yearly. On the place are several Mexican adobe huts in which the Mex- ican grape pickers live. Near here on the high bluff is Qak Knoll, from which there is a charming view of the valley to the east, and where one the of finest and oldest oaks in the valley is seen. the old ruins and vine cincts. Nh 2 . 99 Its Climate, Fruits, Resorts, etc i t may be not far distan 10% 7 LS telling the Sony 2 jus a climate. The old m 3 J A Shem an attractive, ge x= ino, : ; cult to Le hand, yet AiT5 trees and other vege on. The origin of ; : i Wi ie 3% > gre give it an interest. LL et] a grist-mill for the ol Spied i and according to ag Be Op ins before he Ame i dem i i thers col wa hon, WE same fle as Uo ou issi this a s shin, pages. 8 ntic spot, a rem ’ ia a he 80, of % a far, e id a striking < i a ogg modern hots fons, of Ye dena so near at hand. a Doge used as a home by Mg yd . originally was about 3 Ie, length pl 3s BA ae thickness i i struc ; nes ns which are He Joe 22 ot five or six feet deep. Sie The windows son) 2d be Tho impression ters. carry ol > on aos Sia times invasion Was pe har for. In the lower $8 ar . hich the large arches are geen, under w the machinery was stored, and where 8 been ng a room has J ed whee! bnttresses Lond characka : it 1) lower side. to it upon the 96 Southern California. ‘stone, of a conical shape, and have been cemented over. The grounds about E] Molino have bad their own way apparently for years, and a profusion of flowers abound. From here one can stroll into the Wilson Cafion, one of the most beauti- ful spots in the valley, where grand and lofty trees, covered with vines, form an almost impepetrable semi- tropical jungle. MISSIONS OF CALIFORNIA. Date of founding, and population in 1803, as given by Von Humboldt: Males, Fe- Total, males 1769, San Diego 737 822 1,559 1770, San Carlos (Carmelo) .376 312 ’gss 1771, San Gabriel 532 515 1,047 1771, San Antonio de Padua568 484 1772, San Luis Obispo 374 325, 1776, San Juan Capistrano. .502 511 1776, San Francisco 3 381 1777, Santa Clara ) 1782, San Buenaventura. . . 1786, Santa Barbara. ...... d 1787, La Purisima Concep- Bl cs savie von nn ss 457 1791, Soledad 1794, Santa Cruz 1797, San José. ........ 327 1897, San Miguel .... 309 1797, San Fernando 1797, San Juan Bau 1798, San Luis Rey Francia.256 oe ; Re! : o ARR’ : {3 : oh : gL ” i p B iz ? Gn i I Fa ; TEE) imi NN Til \ f ! A a / i os RT oe | 5 | AT Ro : Ly Ay ls Spt jl HAG fie — ey sr EHRY QR ia Say 1) De pe {5 un i ji nil a 1) Wl i ie ( i Gi TR = = LE —e —_ Rae Wil Wa IX fro) . en ho Fn i) RUAN . py HI fu af A RE on ni “ig 3 * Sierra Madre Mountains and Pasadena from Ramona. CHAPTER VIIL The Field Sports. While Southern California cannot be compared to some sections in its hunt- ing, it affords sufficient good sport to satisfy the ordinary hunter. If one is not a long-distance walker, a good horse or a team is necessary. In my experience a saddle-horse which will stand fire is the most enjoyable method of procedure, enabling one to see the: country, which abounds in delightful roads and by-ways not always avail- able to a carriage. Rabbits are fairly abundant, and with a pair of game greyhounds the California sport of coursing can be in- dulged in, and when the dogs are faith- fully followed across country the ex- citement and pleasure will be found equal to fox hunting in the East. The available game is mountain and valley quail, doves, rabbits, deer, duck —found in the lakes near the Puente and Mission hills and at the seashore, wild cat, bear, and mountain lion, the two latter rarely being found except in the upper range. The black-tailed deer, and one other variety, an be shot after Sepcember, but should not be attempted except under the leader- CHAPTER VIIL The Field Sports. While Southern California cannot be compared to some sections in its hunt- ing, it affords sufficient good sport to satisfy the ordinary hunter. If one is not a long-distance walker, a good horse or a team is necessary. In my experience a saddle-horse which will stand fire is the most enjoyable method of procedure, enabling one to see the: country, which abounds in delightful roads and by-ways not always avail- able to a carriage. Rabbits are fairly abundant, and with a pair of game greyhounds the California sport of coursing can be in- dulged in, and when the dogs are faith- fully followed across country the ex- citement and pleasure will be found equal to fox hunting in the East. The available game is mountain and valley quail, doves, rabbits, deer, duck —found in the lakes near the Puente and Mission hills and at the seashore, wild cat, bear, and mountain lion, the two latter rarely being found except in the upper range. The black-tailed deer, and one other variety, zan be shot after Sepcember, but should not be attempted except under the leader- 7 98 Southern California : ship of some ‘amilic i mountains one familiar with the hile deer are becomin Overy year, I doubt if the ay sateasing. The settling up of the % leys drives them farther back into e inpenetrable depths of the inner range, where they will always find i so difficult is the huntin at it is not likely to be overdone g Tae black-tailed deer, which is the common fawn here, is the Cariacus columbrianus of science, and in general appearance resembles the irginia deer. It is often found with the stocky and not particularly attractive mule deer, C. macrotis. In some pub- lished works the flesh is described as being poor eating, but I have found it to be as tine in flavor and texture as any venison I have ever tasted. J udge Caton has attempted to domesticate the Columbian deer, but has been un- successful. The white-tailed deer, C cucurus, is also found in California, es- Doghuy in the northern part, while the Mexican or Sonora deer, C. Mexicanus is probably occasionally seen. The black-tail is a purely mountain form only rarely coming down into the val- leys to feed, preferring the impene- {Felis wauvialn sides and the thick manzani : iy ta and chaparral for Its Climate, Fruits, Resorts, etc. 99 Riding after the greyhounds is a most delightful pastime. in my estima- tion, but requires some precaution, as gophers, ground-squirrels, badgers and owls all lay traps for the unwary; yet while the country is not a particu- larly safe one, it is not extremely dan- erous, as in an entire season of riding nearly every day behind the dogs I have been unhorsed but twice, caused by the animal stepping ‘In a hidden rabbit burrow. The greyhounds run entirely by sight, and their movements in the chaparrel is often extremely in- teresting. I have seen my dog keep a jack rabbit in sight in tall grass by leaping into the air and looking quickly around. Young dogs are often eluded by old jacks, who dodge and double, and I have seen one stop suddenly and dart between the dog’s legs, to its utter amazement; but an old, well-bred greyhound will run down the most agile rabbit. Not four miles from the Raymond, due south, in the Puente Hills, lies a small laguna that, during the winter time, glistens like a gem upon the sur- rounding green. Here ducks can gen- erally be found, either resting in the water or circling about it, affording fair shooting, though not to be com- bored with that of the great swamps of allona down near the sea. Here one 1 " 00 Southern California - may find i : teal and sa, or the graceful fo The latter are plains near the pe. the co & smaller birds, with i of white herons : Yy common on the ios, often rising in ifficult to approach. 3 T driven over wn 2aBalle Ra an be . ave found the n igh orthern and eas st safe, but in gn or La near losing my ho oh streams near here quickmud. The the black bo. of ore should not pat ou fo mao py Cx iremely danger Foxes are occasion cafions, : Jasionally § i Fae wad deat ints on Horse zen in the are Somsiimes or- oothills o it the pposite Pas: Hg ernando Pass ad otis brow here, in oe to the lover of s 4 x tains up into ort found the a, nous attractive or Wonton, among oa tion. The Ij game birds of this i ttle hi ; mon, would be Ir not so com- prize, so : ] red a i ay 2430 beausig is th yorizable Its Climate, Fruits, Resorts, etc. 101 Both have black throats, blue breast, marked like those of pheasants, the sides of the head bearing white streaks, while from its top springs a black, velvet-hued crest of from five to ten plumes, giving the little creatures a most attractive and jaunty appearance. The plumes from a distance have the form of a single feather, the tops being enlarged, the webs bending backward and folding over the succeeding feather, forming a drooping, movable plume of great beauty. The crest in the male is the largest, that of the hen being shorter and of a brownish hue. In comparing specimens much difference is noted. In L. Gambelli the lower portion of the ab- domen is black, the upper buff, while in L. Californicus the upper portion is golden brown, the rest chestnut, eac feather being tipped with black. The L. Californicus is the common form here, ranging this State and Washing- ton Territory, while Gambelli’s quail is indigenous to the lands of Arizona, New Mexico and Northern Mexico. To obtain a goodly bag of quail here an entire day musb be taken. A good team is required, and with guns and lunch stowed away in the wagon, we are off by sunrise, for the best time for the jaunty cocks is in the early morning and evening, when their mu- scal calls, «“Po-ta-to,”’ “po-ta-to,” ac- 102 Southern California ; cent on the last syllable, are heard all about the wooded places, and the an- swering *‘I-love-you,’” or as near these sounds as one can imagine. Down the valley we go, skirting the abrupt wall of the sierras. The sun is still in Ari- zona, and the mountains are grim in their deep tints of purple; but as the . great orb rises the shadows, like living things, take flight, the mountain sides assumé a reddish tint, grow- ing lighter and lighter, until the golden rays come gleaming over the range, penetrating the deep glens, awakening the dormant animals from their sleep, and creating a scene of glad revelry among them. Everywhere the song of birds is heard, the rich melody of the meadow-lark fills the air, countless Songsters flit about in the bush, while the great live oaks bear their quota of strong-billed forms, whose hammering can be heard a lon way off. Down by San Gabriel the view becomes more beautiful. Santa Ana stands out in bold relief, while in the distance San Gorgonia looms up, and the crest of Old Baldy, or Juna- pero, gleams with its crown of snow. ere 1s something exhilerating in the warm yet cool morning; the very horses feel it, snort and toss up their heads. and need little urging to in- crease their pace. . 103 Its Climale, Fruits, Resorts, elc i sh, We have reached a wide wa “eno- ly the call Pp oe wan cipro Lg sou on their haunches; T4 ii a A 3 hands reach a east ex i they run, WJ hoa on be taken for i ng hed me is held high; they Lg oy Se iy and are going a almost suffici ter. The Spa) { ei le, ong run So extraordinary, at birds guath$ asterner, is Seen. Ho ing to the ea nd until easy 8 the hold the groul ed, then rising, : distance Sa their wings ring Th BE a stop, 04 the rapid RE dropping of Ye 3 es execution done ie : 53 rotate the arroyo, the frig mountain it Jen dogs are used. LA Wp Noire of any service, eX w th ing the ground. do but follow 1 04 Southern California - to the cafio i € n Phos possibly a Wie J nat force ied oe Shocking quail in this hove ound the best plan hen as fast as the Roy the fly as the Es hans are plenti i that arise are su a Sung all, and e i and quick work A ot vent, and, to add to this a footin . a setter nt through. In gong I S possible, Moi ng y rise; and, when § the complica- fg ciently exciting Ing. The birds ngly-rapid flyers ecessary in any , they are very cunning i i Ing in dodging and hiding. When a quail alights i runs YI Tok missed, and the BL will often lie low orms an almost ¢ As an example, I y ere a bird had al WO or three feet h most immedi bug, if fired wy xn Donn follows bik. e brush, which oi plete Protection, ighted in oo no 1gh. I walked over the place repeatedly and finally th e bird darted around me on behind a tree and i eel. I have f : €ir maneuvers i een within twen pretended not to deceived the little as I moved it di always Foon der my feet, ci two feet, i od off before I could Toguenily watched ) 2 ging, and have 2 eet of a bird I 50s and completely a ature, but as trast 1 0, keeping the limb » and only rising Its Climate, Fruits, Resorts, etc. 105 when I ran at it to get the wing shot. 1 have seen a dozen climbing a low tree, keeping on the opposite side of the branches with the greatest cunning, even crouching upon them; this at the approach of sundown. In the East the head of this beautiful bird is only seen on the bonnets and hats of ladies, but on this coast the little creatures are killed by thousands for the market, professional hunters going to localities down the valley, where they are foun in large numbers, and slaughtering them by wholesale. 1 think, however, there is little danger of their exter- mination. If we tire of the plumed quail, we have but to follow up the arroyos that lead to deep cafions, an there in the upper range Wi be found the mountain quail or plumed artridge, Oreorty® pictus, a much larger bird, extremely handsome, and of commanding appearance. Instead of many feathers in the plume, there are but two slender ones, which resem- ble quills thrust behind the ear. Its note. when alarmed, iS a faint chirp. To follow this bird, which is found only in the ranges of California and Oregon, generally requires, at least in this country, serious climbing and hard work. : 1t is possible that other quail are sometimes found here. 106 Southern California - Quail shooting is varied by the occa- sional appearance of pigeons, the Caro- lina dove being met with in great flocks on the open plain, and while searching for the movntan quail I have come upon the banded pigeon well up in the cafions. The doves afford good wing- ~ shooting. When roosting they may be approached, but it depends upon the time and place—some flocks are wild and timid, while others again allow one to come so near that a true sports- man would refuse to molest them. On the wing their flight is extremely rapid, accompanied by a loud whistling, which can be heard for a consider:ble dis- tance. The banded pigeon is, as far as my experience goes, extremely wary, and I have never seen them far from the mountains, though specimens ha ve been taken near Pasadena, A year ago I discovered a flock in a cafion at Las Cacitas. In early morning and even- ing they could be found near the mouth of the cailon; at midday evidently going well up into the range to feed, their pouches being filled with acorns, nearly two inches in length, so large that it seemed incredible that they could have been swallowed. Some of these magnificent birds which I shot weighed about three pounds, and the appearance of a large flock etc. 107 Its Climate, Fruits, Resorts, Ww deep, narcon flying Wg] to be ge by a hl posible I aPPEORE b most caution. erally using the eh rises, we cal Ap aving when the {lo birds not le more ving cong om ogg when these pigeo wi ire flock rises, arm the “entire 1 gos, ke he om as if wadecidsd, 0 Ly flying rapidly away 1 —a rate irre] of the canons b Toe By Sa al—affords excellent av! rifle. : idl HOT ape i ound coat 2ied to 0 Sing a rich gray coat, i tiful Jo tail that is a beau jaa Wha bus oy well worth having 0 a CHAPTER IX. The Seaside Resorts. Rey, San J ey, uan Capistre ipa pistrano S hiss % fants Monica lies 1 i i ngeles, a pleasant iid or by carriage, and oe urs, or in le thro : Th 3 by puge & rolled situated he Jeng Swern Suis ge Hon on ih nica little ns to the Pi page: Sealy configuratiy of Santa or Bad (he uration of the place oy nearly To goon, Here as abruptly, : 1gh, facing th Be , and formin € ocean Mpdinark, To the nosth’ (arongnou} y a large and pictu is 8 cut and to the south resque cafion, ahd merges int he Frednally descends reaches : ow 1 Ballons, toward the new A a a h Ci Lie ho a 18 situated on the bl otel Arcadia stands hii made in three or than an hour by ra ™ Climate, Fruits, Resorts, etc. 109 on the sands. To reach the latter from oper at least 90 steps have ded, bringing one upon a for miles, 3 i Be- yond the hotel, ich is an excellent one and an ornament to the place, the town makes no architectural flights of fancy. The houses are nearly al small, and present the appearance of quiet homes of well-to-do people. All are surrounded by gardens bearing a variety of sub-tropical plants that grow profusely, and here and there are small groves of the eucalyptus. To the east in winter a broad green sward stretches away to the distant hills. The view from the bluff is delightful, and in the future the latter will un- doubtedly be dotted with hotels and summer homes. Beneath, the blue waters of the Pacific beat with a never-ceasing roar. The loud bark of the sea lion is borne in on the gentle trade, and the masses of kelp just 0 shore might well be contorted into a sea serpent by the enterprising land- lord. Thirty miles from shore lies the island of Santa Catalina with its lofty peaks, while to the south juts out the oint, around which are San Pedro, ong Beach and Wilmington, where R. A. Dana toiled at the hides and considered such a horrible place 40 110 Southern California - years ago. The vi . The visi and these neighbors well to r the Moropead his “Two Y few years. and note the ch The Si . the 3g era San to Februar . slope of the Yong about 609. The never : 18 rad too Sh in violeos analy the surf Ing air, an i Monica doit being at w SORce OC a iy & brag. with Its winter farther up the milde : t nabaal bina OF Los na a cadia is the In summer , an proximi principal hotel. ; hotels iy Jo ihe station, Sotel. bt 01050 In sum d in the tow er Siig seized i Dm Suro ver : fover, and hundreds of tants ling the people, » occupied . e of Tite a0 Sool to i fy Sll-t0-do there is a rds. It must be ¢ reedom charm about it a. no to Los An places i ears Before anges in a Its Climate, Fruits, Resorts, ele. 111 interrupted, as in the Adirondacks and certain eastern seaside resorts, by black flies, punkies, or mosquitoes. Santa Monica abounds in delightful drives. To the south one can skirt the peach and reach the harbor of Ballona and the salt works, near by which are found the graves of aborigines. To the north is the famous arch of con- glomerate, Worn out by the sea, and through which one can drive at low tide. [It forms a portion of the Sierra Santa Monica range, which, three miles from the town, contains in- numerable cafions, affording delight- ful retreats on the warmest day, where i tew moments leave the an and attain surroundings ght well be in the Rocky ny suggestion of the i d. One 0 the most d E n i « Mountain,” named after a settler at its entrance, and here one May be initiated into the mysteries of the bee ranch, for many tons of honey are sent out from these hives during the year. The caiion winds away up into the mountains, and I have penetrated it perhaps a mile horseback; walking was next the order of the day, then climbing, and finally crawling, being ultimately repaid by a view of what some of the residents of Santa Moulca consider an extinct geyser. 110 Southern California - years ago. The visitor to LL and these nei well to reread 08 Angeles ghboring places will do his “Two Years Before the Mast.” and note the changes in a few years. the north, and the ¢ protect the town fr and southwest climate remarka There is less cha night thar. is not further inland. Monica range to ape to the south, om the northwest winds, and give.it a ble for its equability. nge between day and iced in many localities Here one may indulge in bathing the year round, the tem- perature of the water from December to February being about 600. The slope of the beach is gradual, the surf never, except in violent storms, being too high. Santa Monica claims a brac- ing air, an absence of the cold winds at we meet with farther up the coast. Its winter temperature is milder than that of Los Angeles, and naturally lower in summer. The Ar- cadia is the principal hotel, in close proximity to the station, while smaller hotels are found in the town proper. In summer all Southern California seems seized with the camping-out fever, and hundreds of tents line the beach and bluff, occupied by well-to-do people, who seem to prefer the freedom of life it affords. It must be confessed there is a charm about it that is not interrupted, as int 1 Its Climate, Fruits, Resorts, etc. 11 he Adirondacks and i ts, by i tern seaside resor A nKios; or prosquiioes, nal Monica Rhaes il iy an i e south 0 : S So I din h the harbor of Donors Dn galt works, near by Te e fas d the graves of abariay 8 ore fom th is the famous arc of OR x oe worn out by the s Zs ind Ci which one can Bes Rid rong It forms a portion of Ue Horna Be Monica range, whig Wii, Senta from the town, con ay nn i ble cafions, affording gh red ts on the warmest day, Whyte ul wg a tew moments lea one g in the Rocky that might well be in Bi i ar as any sug NN i 2 concerned. one a Se t delightful of these ca ong 1 oN Bin » named after a Jo. te, and here one Rog ke a ted into the mysteries 0 126 hoe i for many tons o Novy en c hives I : Th EE away up fn Be a g. and I have pene r in dy mile horseback; > ing Dt the order of the ny, isn poi and gnally hin eing imatel id : giimaien § Ds of Santa Mouilca consider an extinct geyser. 112 Southern California : The cafion abounds in fine trees and flowers, the song of countless birds fills. the air, and occasionally we obtain glimpses of the great California con- dor high in air, the largest bird in the western hemisphere. Mountain Cafion is but one of many in the Santa Monica range, all of which have their individual charms. Here the mountain lion is occasionally seen sulking along through the brush, or the coyote pre- paring for a nightly forage on the mesa. The black-tailed deer hides ih the up- per chaparral, and sundry hairs on the bushes and suspicious trails tell that the black and grizzly bear have ven- tured from the main range. Formerly Santa Monica was a seaport, and the remnant of a long pier extends out from the Arcadia Hotel, now given over to the patient fisherman who oc- casionally lands a flounder of prodig- ous size, orto the surfmen, who here launch their seine and haul it upon the sands with its motley array of small sharks, skates and seaweed, for the delectation of visitors. _ It does not require much insight intg the future to see that Santa Monica will in a few years be the Coney Is- land of this section of Southern Cali- fornia, and its high bluff lined with fine hotels. It lacks the cold winds of places farther north, and is equally a summer and winter resort. Its Climate, Fruits, Resorts, etc. 113° i h, that allv in favor is Long Beach, i a Wilmington and Sn I. former being the port o mary of pe Angeles. Here one may dr eon Jos peach for ten miles. Leet v rd ls and living facilities Qa io he id the place attractive, i 2 Js distance from Los Angeles gives ita seclusion that Santa Monica De Beach, 16 miles southwest Bionds is admirably agapied ol ide resort and the Redon : here aging every. ing in i ower to fully realize aE that Nature has made P10 found two miles of Jeean "water front, gracefully aligned feo 2 half-moon bay, of which es i Pot is occupied by a remar sy be pebble beach; the southern part DY i : while the Cocoon mg ity shingled water so deep that ne ips may lie free from groun Le a stone’s throw of bad. Rising behind this frontage, a poo, farly Bopubit) oligo hills some- co ' A ei a mile from Shore ad in amphitheater BO A piace i un ] abot view. The higher grounds 8 114 Southern California. look back upon the ci city of Lo and the Sierra Madre idan Ang Ses set Eien Spe dure on 5 ap adlands that hold tract generally for the cutlook of the salt spring lake half ile i 1angth, Whose waters are ps bn a Dane Jen Isns opbovin in i health bathing. » ope Wary imengions, _ picturesque effects "I Pens Pek appointments is be be built ad- i ing the beach. An iron pier, reach- ing Jato deep water, and arranged for fan ing of boats of every description k so contemplated. Grounds for th : Georamofiation of the Chautauqua A > sous ly of Southern California h on so aside. he etween Santa Monica and R e Bene wo, nd Inglewood: which a ome for Gen. J C. Fremont. Inglewood i on of the Southern Pacific "Rai 3 rac | ailros - finding Soom Los fugeles to road, ex. ; , a] ree miles f gu limits of Los pai hs igh hill in the vicinity, we look be- You a beautiful rolling ground—the towne of Inglewood. The farmin Jone i Witu the Ranchos DE guaje de Centi Inglewood, named in ® do Gentian, Iis Climate, Fruits, Resorts, etc. 115 the prevailing feature of its location, occupies an ideal site for a town. pretty little valley extends across the foreground. This is the Nethermead Park. Inglewood slopes and rolls ently to it from the northern hill, and extends beyond it upon thé plain, em- bracing a magnificent old citrus orch- ard, with grand avenues of eucalypti and pepper trees. At the head of our valley, in a low, bold banked dale, streams of pure crystal water naturally purst forth. These i springs, augmen well tubes into © strata far below. Inglewood 18 near the Soldiers’ _ Home, and is the site for that branch of the University of Southern Califor- nia, known as the Freeman College of Applied Science. In the immediate vicinity are the towns of The Palms, Arlington, Flor- ence, Gardena, Compton, Sunset and Ballona, which, with the old Mexican ranches scattered over the gountry, make the section one of greab interest. The seaport Of Tos Angeles—San Pedro—is near here, affording anchor- age to the vessels from all over the world. Itis protected except from the southeast to the southwest in winter, and is the fourth-best harbor on the 116 Southern California : c JORM ger San Francisco, San Di Iino Pon So Siaean a high Ss ) i - Soaward, Spon which ST oe Ti Das house. The bluff here, like a a nica, extends north 4 South for a out two miles, and is ad oN Sasudy eight. San Pedro hill i a } aheelite afford fine ou and Nn Ing country and oce: or imingn, the port of entr pn vessels ge h bens and’ here the hi roads tie Hands of nse Lom jon BL Oya the world: coal wo) from sing ds, timber schooners fr ihe Sis eao, Chinese fishermen a Slhera . From here trips c ad ade dons shore indefinitely oD oy 2S Le most interesting pla Co ig RB Calitomia be Vhieoy oe soul, San Juan Capistran id Som Ln 8! ey among the hills a Bis + Santa Monica bad pws, Ny ihap2, Babia Houda, ay barbara , and so on to Santa an Pedro or Wilmi w. ilmin i Soatege Dowi of the yg lee ol ver of blue fish will find the a re ee ; Iees 2 length and afford wg > hy g. They are of slighter build Fruits, Resorts, etc. 117 Its Climate, than the sie barracuda of the Gulf of exico, that isto my mind, one of the finest South, and 1 have found th table fishes of the e largest a er sea bass, PO tow a boat. The red fi on pulcher, 18 an attractive fish, about a foot in leng h, while the rock cod, Spanish mackerel and many others are productive fine sport. ray, manta, i attaining a huge baskin 40 or 5 occasionally makes its appearance to give rise to stories of the sea serpent. Comparatively little is kn the Pacific Coast food fishes, b the United States Fish Commission steamer, the Albatross, is expected on the coast, when many interesting dis- coveries will probably be made and new fishes proved available. The California lobster is the crawfish and tropical of the Gulf of Mexico waters in general, apd lacks the deli- cate flavor of its clawed ally of the colder waters of the Atlantic shores. The finest fishing to be had is aroun Catalina, and yachts for fishing and camping parties cal be hired ab Wil- mington. 118 Southern California : Camping out is fashionable in South- ern California, and the country is per- fectly adapted to it, as all through the Summer months there is absolute im- munity from rain, while sudden storms and thunder showers are almost un- known. The islands off shore possess a more than ordinary interest, especially Santa Catalina, from the fact that here have been found the remains of races long since passed away. Catalina lies 30 miles from shore, and is literally a mountain range now partly submerged by water. Theisland is 173 miles long, with an average width of four miles in the southern portion and two in the northern. In the center there is a deep depression, which appears to divide it, The mountains altain a height of 3000 feet, and are visible from et many miles inland. The island is cut by deep cafions that afford fine quail shooting; its im- munity from fogs render it a delight- ful summer resort, and a good hotel has just been completed. It is now the property of the Lick estate. As has been suggested, Catalina Island is a paradise for the ethnologist, and the Government expeditions sent out, from the Smithsonian have from here and about Santa Barbara carried east sev- eral tons of stone implements repre- 19 [is Climate, Fruits, Resorts, elec. 1 Santa : traces. Near on ting these lost) ng finds hay Searbara the most nero g little vil- ® 3) w e extremely tnteresong i i The work was carr Lis CONCE a. tic manner by ging 5 ema a in almost SY ren trenches nds were made. At 2; Daters Yaluay rations were commmen i i t ab . iE found, but soon an lying O gkeleton was unearthed, Ny orl i i cing the west, i igs fe up to the chin, Bg De of clothing iy 1 marine j i an 2 opect So si evidently Seen Jas 01 2 d. In ©O gi nen, We i were placed in {ingen i¢ hod of found 98 isi a peculiar nee 1 of mouth, sho gat Dr. Yarrow discovered { teeth of a OA ae filled with rge olla Ol win ay, 2) IER ail ou 8, sl whale’s vertebra. eg on mains he Sun hich were the re oad, Henagee Over the mouth lay 2 of a ‘ and a hand- of sandstone an i sa pons Near, EL) wos bal la SO aE the entire gkele co infant. 120 Southern California : That some of these graves do not antedate Spanish occupation is shown by the discovery of a skeleton with an iron knife or spearhead in its hand,evi- dently placed there at burial. A pipe was also found near by. In all, Dr. Yarrow’s party took out specimens weighing in the aggregate 10or 15 tons, of great variety and value, and uncov- ered the remains of about 5000 individ- uals (estimated). As thisis merely one locality out of many where such exca- vations can be made, the numbers of these natives can be imagined. The question naturally arises, who were these people? They have today no representative except the crude objects referred to. The native Indians were first observed in 1542 by Juan Rod- riguez Cabrillo, a Portuguese adven- turer, who sailed from Trinidad, New Spain, in the interests of the Spanish King. He first saw evidences of hu- man occupation in the island of Zedros. At Puerto de Santa Clara four individ- uals were seen. Later, an Indian fish- erman was captured, and soon many others were found. They were dressed in skins, and marked wth white pigment, and were armed with bows and flint- tipped arrows. At San Miguel, which is supposed to be the San Pedro or Wilmington Harbor of today, some of Its Chmate, Fruils, Resorts, etc. 121 ded by In- illo’s men were woun ) ig were ve numerous. evident Gh Shes 2) = win or had ‘seen to oe Sa 3 illo found the entire Q0as, Of ely pi TY bo, put as to the He a yop red little is known. 1n acen) apo bout 900 Indians a, and today aonsd 8 tell the story. eT eh fathers ervitized on 5 horoughly that they are bu 2, Juge BY Who they wer WO sy arn ill probably al® pn Dr orystery, but judging on he objects and And from oe California Bs Tt ad oY a number of entirely from this ot, are and a glance ab arrow an e unknown tists in their way. of the knives Or blade-like 788 ig are of black flint, very ca 3 hipped. over That the point an knife-like. Some guel Islan ] n length, ee, a tapering gra ountry, particularly beau 122 Sowurhern California: point. Flint chips were used as knives, set in wooden handles. Many of these have been found at Santa Barbara and on Santa Cruz Island. The stone points were fastened to the handles by asphaltum. The knives vary much in shape, and some without the han- dles would hardly attract attention ; but they were selected and prepared by their owners with great care. The natives from the coast were naturally fishermen, and among the most in- teresting specimens discovered are the implements with which they captured their game—fish-hooks, spears, Santa Cruz Island has produced al ete. arge number, and though they were formed of bone many are extremely fanciful in outline. The hooks resemble some- what those used today, but, curiously Shongh, have the barb upon the out- side. That the ancient Californians were musical is evident from the number of musical instruments found along the coast, and in their crude attempts are 8éen the primitive forms of the fife and flute. Most of these instruments were whistles made of bone, with a . single hole in the middle, or near the center, one end being closed with asphaltum. The sounds wrung from these instruments was certainly nog the music of the future. Some of the 23 Its Climate, Fruils, Resorts, etc. 1 inches in ix or seven ing in rata ho Mi from hy Lh i loos large animal. A fife Eo Sothe ear Santa Barbara I I oe femur of a bird an Dadfont holes showing that there 2 soe Bo n in the strains. ZX on Some pros Santa Catalina i Ager A histles were taken vy DE ox party. These yo 0 trom fheleg Oe double whistles, two 0 din bones were joined together, hel jm. S talina lace by aspha ¢ ite OF he Ar exhausted; MaTY lt et undisturbe , q f material still awa king, and off the coast 18 well worth ta 5 ghe h nited Be the report of the U lished ical Survey, pub Geographical } hn in 167 . Fin A region, interest, an extent ane P - lmost unknown p > ® aguralist Sac, i d, near Wilmington, 3 os Isang ie geld, and adjacent; jy are rich hunting-gr 8 124 Southern California : the geologist, abounding in beds of past pliocene shells and other speci- mens of interest well adapted to while away an idle hour. Following the coast northward from Santa Monica, passing picturesque mountains, fertile valleys—a veritable arden-land—we come to Santa Bar- ara, first described by Juan Rodriguez Cabrillo, the Portuguese navigator, in ° 1642. The country, which lies upon the northern limits of Southern Cali- fornia, is nearly 60 miles in length, in shape a parallelogram, yith the broad Pacific upon the south and west, Ven- tura upon the east and San Luis Obispo to the north. The country is largely mountainous. the Santa Ynez, from 4000 to 5000 feet in height, forming a prominent feature of the coast range, while beyond, nearly at right angles, extend the San Rafael peaks. Beyond, to the northeast, a labyrinth of ranges and mountains are seen, abounding in rich, fertile valleys and charming re- treats, possessing numerous climatic conditions. Between the Santa Ynez range and the sea lies the Santa Barbara Valley, prominent for its varied attractions. It is' about 45 miles long, three in width, and contains 864,000 acres of land upon which, 400 years ago, dwelt a large and vigorous native population Oj as, rema 125 Fruits, Resorts, elc. Its Climate, ry, and represented _ today but a memo in our only by pe : useum inclu Barbara Valley inclic a8 the Carpinteria their beauty, while rkable fo . er ister 0o0per, t ranches—Holl Sefiora de Pueblos, Nu Ynez and : gich Jan 2 tha finally crosses Ynez Bives, wa empties fe Lom OF il near Pt. Concenos By me es many points of Ins Sn Apo Taity the to ap hs VIEiTiy 222 00. , while the pve 8 ms ranches that dot the plac ) uyama an fos he population 0 ortant ValloNC, as 15.000, 18 ors fill the co ‘and throngs Tol; Santa increasing, a i : oo country and city a bend in the 126 Southern California : 300 feet in two miles. The city is in- corporated, boasts a population of 6000, and like Pasadena and the suburbs of Los Angeles, is a veritable garden. Being an old Mexican town, It possesses many attractions. Here is the old mission, with its traditions and legends, while the old adobe houses crop out among the villas of modern make. Within a few months the Southern Pacific Railroad has reached the city, and now in im- mediate railread connection with the outer world it has taken on a more cos- mopolitan air, and many of the old and large places are being cut up. Fine hotels, as the Arlington, Ellwood and others, afford accommodation for visitors, and in the midwinter season the streets and drives are thronged with tourists from al] parts of the worla. The magnificent beach of Santa Barbara is extremely popular as a drive, as here the ocean can be skirted for miles, the Santa Rosa, San Miguel and Santa Cruz off shore, iso- lated peaks, with the inland mountaing forming charming contrasts. ; Santa Barbara is preéminently the Newport of Southern California, fash- ionable in the full sense of the term, and in all ways desirable. Made up of homes and their attractive surround- ings, possessing fine and spacious Its Climate, Fruils, Resorts, etc. 127 hotels. it is one of the most delightful ists. o Sige Santa Barhae, nas The greatest lustre upon i name. It partake oF I this sec- + Y ] 3 - Phe of i in the Danger bo 2 be te s, though it is claimed Bosbene he es greater equability 28 2 , hes localities, and Jou Tungs Pe en day and night. I, igi the vear is 69%; that o land, pa ot 80. The average iguiperh a oly nly is 53.250; for J gl ly hi I and the yor Ve summer e between WI a og Cexpressed “being 15 % I Pk early rainfall for Jones Ta fotos. Cool summers, a oo at #4 winter among the orange 5 aug ng rs make Santa Barbafh ¥ fo health resort par excellence. CHAPTER X The Orange, Lemon and Grape—The Outdoor Industries. No question is so often put to the Southern Californian as, “Can I earn a living from the soil?” That hun- dreds are successful at farming and save up money is evident; but what one farmer can do another cannot; again, the tables that are formulated of alleged profits cannot be taken as average cases, as they represent profits made under the most favorable condi- tions. What can be said is that, tak- ing everything into consideration, farming pays as well here as anywhere in the country, while it should be remembered that the farmer is not snowed up half of the year. The conditions are all so different here that no comparison can be made with the East. Suffice it to say that the Southern California fruit- growers are amply satisfied with their lot. Their numbers are increasing with a rapidity that has no parallel in any country, and the time is coming when California will supply the east- ern winter markets with all seasonable fruits and vegetables, the country with olive oil and the fruits of various kinds A dl AL d 4, N SATIN i dn [I ih | f = CH UES NE ol : Santa Anita Club House, near Pasadena. ~ Climate, Fruits, Resorts, etc. 129 that are imported in vast quantities from Europe and the West Indies. The people who are flocking into Southern California are mainly well- to-do. The majority have means enough to invest in homes, and it is no place for the poor farmer who expects to find good, unclaimed Government land; all this has been taken up long ago. Yet good land can be had at low prices in many localities. In the vicinity of cities like Los Angeles or Pasadena, especially the latter, which has the finest position in the ecoun- try, land has reached what a year ago would have been considered fabu- lous prices. The best business property in the latter city sells for $800 per front foot, and, in two years, will probably double that. Two miles from the cen- ter, near the mountains, land brings from $250 to $2000 per acre, prices de- pending upon location. In other direc- tions, nearer the smaller towns, the finest land can be obtained for $160 per acre up. Yet, owing to the tide of im- migration that has set 1n, it is impossi- ble to tell what one will find. The en- tire valley, with its hundreds of square miles, is undoubtedly destined to be- come a vast settlement of sub-tropical homes—the garden spot of the conti- nent west of the Rocky Mountains. The orange and grape rate first among 130 Southern California : the important productions. The farmer who starts an orange grove must wait from five to seven years. The rush of settlers from the East has created such a demand for land that 1n the large towns it is too valuable to de- vote to this purpose, and 10 and 20- acre lots are being cut up into homes in every direction. What an orange grove will pay may be expressed by It is an unknown quantity. The “scale,” ‘‘bad seasons.’ “off yéars” often combine to frustrate the care of the farmer. On the other hand, Col. B.D. Wilson’s grove has yielded him $1800 per acre in a single “year, single trees netting $70. This is hardly pos- sible today on account of the competi- tion. The cost of planting an orchard here may be realized from the follow- ing statement of what has been done. OUTLAY. Ten acres of land $ One thousand trees,budded or seedling 750 Planting and caring for same first season at $25 per acre.... : Caring for orchard second year at $15 POL ABT... ovuvrnnrrsseseennn Third year, $15 per acre Fourth year, $20 per acre Fifth year, $25 per acre Other expenses lis Climate, Fruits, Resorts, etc. 131 RECEIPTS. i ear, a few oranges for home a year, 50 oranges to ihe tree. 50,000, at $20 per 1000, $1000: fifth year, 200 to the tree, 200, oranges at $20 per 1000, $4000. Dadi This estimate was made by a po dena gentleman and worked on three years ago; but as I have ng gested, the increase 1n the Supply ois be remembered, and the increase nt e price of land about Pasadena, Los 2 o geles and other places has made muc of it too valuable for fruit Jrarposss. B Tables are illusive, and should by no means be accepted, except in a yory general way; they show jerely w at has been done under the most awors able circumstances, and by men w 0 have probably paid for their Xp ence. An acquaintance of the water sold his 1877 oranges on the foes] or $2200, the product of a little less i an five acres. Few farmers in New Yor or Vermont with four times the acre- ize this. ag Le 00.000 boxes of oranges Bee packed every year in the vicinity g Los Angeles, and about 1000 carloads i east. : ee QL ali of this gonna country charm the eye of tourists, an 3 in the vicinity of Los Angeles are Some of the finest in the world. These a 132 Southern California. located near Pasadena, Shorb’s win’s and Rose’s being the ud each hundreds of tons of the luscious fruit may be seen hanging upon the Jow vino, and oo some private places varietie Re s of grapes may be The San Gabriel winer Pasadena, is one of the ine he world, the holding capacity of the cel- lar being 15,000,000 gallons, the two crushing floors having a capacity of 20 tos 2 apes & day. Acres of retch awa ue, fom of a hee town) The winery of Rose, four mil of Pasadena, is the largest jf 5% world. Here, in the season, 300 tons of grapes are crushed daily, and made into port, angelica, muscatel, sherry Cucamonga, hock, claret, the blanc elben and zinfandel. Immense quan- tities of brandy are also made, and the winery and its surroundings is well worthy a visit. This ranch has also 12,000 orange and lime trees, and a fine stud of thoroughbreds, with a race track and all the conveniences. Dawns Winery fd orange groves iles east of ? i egnally interesting. hoes padi e amount of wine and liquo - duced by these and other California wineries can be realized by Its Climate, Fruits, Resorts, etc. 133 a glance ab the shipments for last year. Over 1,299,521 gallons of wine were shipped from Los Angeles by sea, and 3,200,000. gallons by rail, in all, valued at $2,306,000, which, with the brandy, makes a total value of $3,166,300. Hundreds of tons of grapes are made into raisins. In 1880 Los Angeles made her first shipment, comprisin 1700 boxes. Two years later 25,0 boxes were shipped; in 1883,30,000; and the increase is marked and rapid every year, California in 1885 shipping 470,000 ounds. As the eastern dealers con- sider the fruit up tothe standard of the Spanish Malaga district, the business probably has a great future, and, con- sidering that an acre will in certain lo- calities here produce 15 tons of grapes, there is no fear of lack of material. A ractical raisin-grower of Riverside furnishes the following as the results of his experience. Assuming that you have land, the expenses of the first year will be as follows. per acre: Six hundred and eighty roots, 1 year old, 2 cents each Planting and care of same Water for same Staking and incidentals Total Labor an 134 Southern California : RETURNS AFTER TWO YEARS. Third year, 50 boxes per acre, at $1.60 $e Secret trtranstes “oe ees essen Fourth year, 150 boxes Fifth year, 200 boxes Sixth year, 250 boxes $1040 00 In six years or less, according to this farmer, the balance sheet, in ordinary circumstances, would stand as follows: * ® First year’s expense 57 10 Five years, $25 per acre 125 00 Trays, sweat-boxes, etc 88 00 Expenses of packing, picking, etc.. 390 00 $ 660 10 Sale of raisins, six years. .......... 1040 00 Total expenses 660 10 Net profit, six years $ 379 90 The farmer has now a paying vine- yard, and raisins bring from $1.50 a box up, according to quality. The question what to do while this crop is growing is one which the farmer must solve. Chickens, eggs and small fruits for the Los Angeles market would sug- gest themselves; also the fact that butter is 80 cents a roll would show that there is a demand for that article. Small fruits pay well, strawberries especially, and the following has been done here with the latter on one acre: 3000 boxes, at 15 cents Expenses Its Climate, Fruits, Resorts, etc. 135 i eat future is. undoubtedly, a great ! ors olive in Bo A arge rove a a A oe ony years proved a Day ing investment. Several fine orc al oy be seen in Pasadena, and : ott in the world has been Sango on the borders of Altadena, near Be general impression that everything has to be Ligaied he: ich is by no means . wheat, corn, oats, iy hee) entirely upon the winter soins, and the barley crop of Los An p00 County is gatipArOple Wb 2 L uy Nocality. e 0 3, le s i gl ruts that require = 2 ceive this summer attention, m Suey are the exception compared. to Shes do not. e Sa) 8 here are such fos Bi farmer coming BOR Wii i have 0 ad to commence atthe bottom of fhe ladder; at least this a did. The farmer 0 ig WT experience J ere Jo take advantage of. SC Soins i ill produce a greater varl DN ol pr any apart, Jiang Je borders of the Unite 3 on i nch one finds every p A and semi-tropical fruit, ~ 136 Southern California. flower, shrub or tree, from the northern pine to the tropical guava, pome- granate or banana. In Florida milk and butter is out of the question in any quantity on account of the lack of fod- der; it is preéminently not a grain country. In California, alfalfa, the most succulent of all fodders, is a com- mon feed for stock, and attains a growth of three or four feet. The possibilities of the country have not been tested, yet appears to be limit- less. That there are drawbacks I have endeavored to show, but the honest Southern California farmer claims for the country, not the perfections of a paradise, but that it, offers more in- ducements and fewer drawbacks than any farming country in the United States. The absence of Snow, and even frost in many localities; the great range of climates from the sea level to 11,000 feet above it reached in half a day: the utter absence of blizzards, cyclones, destructive hail- storms of any kind; the total immunity from sunstroke, from local diseases; the assurance of cool nights during the heated term—these are the prin- ciple magnets which have drawn him to the southern country and upon which he places his faith. CHAPTER Xl. Animal Life—Trap-door Spiders. Liz- ards. Snakes, Etc. i d in Nature and Jo A or Re Gapriel Jal y he: ey fine field for investiga on, aR ay of the birds famuiar in South and East make t SL home, and at Christmas 0S ae mesas and foothills ring Wi sont wandering along the fopey ais sion wha caf adobe EouDS He i movement of the no A A leaf or a bit 9 ne cart about as large as a give rok doll Tin Lor — of “oe er will (i Jil discover the nse 5 ona Sid close examination i an od semi-circular spot tha I ce. Now I1n- separated from the i into one there is v 138 Southern California - gives, and you have opened the door of one of the most cunningly devised and marvelous structures in the entire animal kingdom—the trapdoor of one of the commonest but pehaps least known insects of Southern California, a huge, hairy fellow, sometimes three inches across, a menace to the timid, and not particularly appreciated by the naturalist, who is supposed to be en rapport with ‘‘bugs and things.” Every move of the Cteniza Californica, as the large trap-door spider is called, in the construction of its nest, is seem- ingly instigated by wisdom. The se- lection of locality is in adobe ground that is hard in dry weather, and the method of building their traps cannot but excite the admiration of. the ob- server. Their operations can best be watched at night, but sometimes dur- ing the day. When the site is chosen, the worker begins to loosen the earth with its sharp mandibles, carrying it away a short distance. If the ground is hard the work is slow, but by mov- ing in a circle a cavern or well as large as a large thimble will be produced in ° an hour, and in a day a pit three or four inches deep and two inches in di- ameter will be dug. This accomplished, the silk department of the insect is brougnt into play, and the spinnarets are attached repeatedly to the sides of Jis Chmate, Fruits, Resorts, etc. 139 i i face 18 til the interior sur Se a wall-paper of the finest pt perfectly water-tigh vcs oh Wilk 3 Generally the door 1s ma in Shu etimes before. In fore g ge oi ds are passed across t g Jenne oe platform is consitucts o Jose og sustaining power. 1 P 2 is th ider heaps bits of adobe, ns he SD aterinl working and bin Hug ui ho with silk until it Jaga i Li of an eighth of ap Pe : Wu Neen threads are put on zai > tion of the spider’s body. F1 Mligipe os: ortion is sprinkled wl A pow. 5 Paobe go that the cover on Se olor of the surrounding g nd, pi it has been made to fit the 0 fice a of the well perfectly, he has been perhaps i“ The gides at several pore + SY0s i 11 severed but one, whic I nop ep t hinge, elastic and aur) ke youd Ey 6 Tift it upon the point of o knits x will be found that the little Worker Im ided a patentopening; 1 3 athe hos oe door is 80 ballasted ! 3 hi ey The under ade of Le i ow covered W a or af Ak, so that it 18 Jouve i] ye silken pad, the use O ug To dont— when an attemiph is Jaoge Don the door, the mandibles 140 Southern California. tenant being fastened to it, while the spider braces back with its legs against the walls and holds it down. Soeffect- ual is this method of closing the port- cullis that often the hinge is torn apart before the spider will release its hold. The poison of these and other spiders is probably more virulent at one time than another, and is absurdly exag- gerated in Mexico, where I have been told that to even allow a tarantula to walk over a person during the intense heat of summer would be productive of fatal results. The great tarantula, Mygale. exhib- ited in the curiosity shops, with a spread of five or six inches, is common here in various localities, and lives in burrows or holes in the ground, evi- dently feeding at night. The poison fangs are extremely large and power- ful, and probably small animals can be overcome by them. These spiders are inoffensive, sluggish creatures, and are rarely seen out of their holes and never in houses. Scorpions that I have been familiar with in Florida and the tropics in wood exclusively, and under board piles, here burrow like crickets, though not 80 deep, and are almost invariably found under rocks, and sometimes in damp places. The Southern California scorpion is not so cosmopolitan as its Iis Climate, Fruits, Resorts, elc. 141 found it i ighbor. There We lorida ag them out of She houses giffich re they are not incline ey UD ie They have the di a The " remarkable enough. = ..T longa terminates 1n.8 SE of comparable 10 fhe 3 % pierced with auils: Ww oison flows Som 3 sides this, the scorpion a i ws, and thus arme Ain SATS, the lorges, ® To show the power ot ag i some experimen its poison, 3 fold that a fly was recently oh instantly. As soon as i t the limbs : tered a vital par il he sng quiver, draw up, and ihe irl DE dead. Cracuis 409, po soon : 3 bu ) mb so quickly, jon is often he Heath) eizes the duct. Be two crab too great, y ctim attemp n We onder tail is lifted ov the deadly OD ith a vicious jerk, f the unfor- Bo forced into the body © te. “Many richly CO moths fou metalic he 1 ering, ii be seen prow tterflies and ored bu ile an May, and thes mole-cricket ut the fields. . Fruits, Resorts, etc. 143 Its Climate, ob- the act, probably oi - To deter- The reptiles include a variety of servation of the su likely to be friend snakes, among which the rattle, gopher ‘| mine whether a and striped snakes are the more com- or foe. he lizards of the rocks 0 a mon. In the mountains, away from the Among d in the cafions one 18 3 trails, rattlesnakes are often seen in the mesa a rk-colored fellow, shots midsummer, but are never found about black or ne , dark rock dis- the towns, or in cultivated places; in five inches long. ; ¢ o ot fact, this region is remarkably free from pests of 3 kinds. oh three Yours, ls al- most daily rides through the brus v 1 ' : aintance : have never had the pieasure of meeting a nea A hard and persistent a rattlesnake, and but two of the other y S04 OF ly they be w kinds; hence it may be inferred that following ig and turne : there is little danger to be appre- once in han Jeam is a revelation. a hended from this source, eyen by those the sudden on legs and reaching P who wander in the chaparral woods. tween the neck is a pateh of intense One of the attractions to the walker, toward We of the most delicate lit presuming he or she is interested in metalic pide Sometimes when We nature, is the abundance and variety imaginable, nave been lifting b a1 of lizards. Some are black as jet tle creatures, down 1 have imagine } while others are bronzed or mottied, or selves up fimpse of it; but, as a mia perhaps green. They are veritable caught a 8 IE purpose in the econo thermometers, as upon the slightest it is hidden; a mystery. cold breeze they go down into holes of nature dentical in 8 and lie dormant until there is a Amos 100 lizard i change. When a cold wind sweeps with the hat is comm down from the snow-clad peaks not a tled one hy in plowed feldg- an Was lizard can be found, but when the sun —especia have captured the tal a returns and everything is bright and many tha new one, Or perhaps tells cheery these reptilian weather prophets lost, and a This diminutive stu oh are out in full force, darting about at half OWE ory in their lives, ang im- every step of the stroller. They have a curious s emity is, in fact, a MOS ®a habit of lifting themselves up caudal extr quickly, then settling down to repeat 142 Southern California : 144 Southern California: portant organ—one that can be cast off at short notice and renewed later on. in a short walk I have counted half a dozen tailless unfortunates, and it would perhaps be a mystery did we not know that these dainty forms were appetizing tid-bits to the snakes who have been hibernating all winter. To give the lizard fair play, Nature has en- dowed it with a very slender and deli- cately connected vertebrae; in other words, the verterbra or pieces that make up the backbone, are put together in a fragile manner, so that the owner can, by a slight jerk, sever it at almost any portion, but generally where the greatest strain is felt. When a snake or roadrunner seizes a lizard it is usually by the tail, and if the victim is aware of its power, it instantly twists itself violently, dislocates its tail and darts away, leaving the rejected end in the mouth of the snake, that feeling satisfied that it has a meal, does not follow. This tail trick does not always succeed, as my horse once stepped upon a snake about as long as a com- mon eastern garter-snake, which had a lizard firmily by the body at the base of the tail. I was descending a narrow trail, and the snake darted over the edge of the precipice and lodged a few feet below, still holding its squirming prey. : Original Detective SY pao PA = sr 2 » Lu SY oA PRAT Ar Kinneyloa Ranch, Lamars 1 Park, Los Ang eles County. ey ¥ a A J, SET PIT NSE po ‘ f ! A IAT Can pL SERS os Be = * Hr Zon Dmg a . - Its Climate, Fruits, Resorts, etc. 145 The lizards that lose their tails re- produce them in time, and, curiously enough, if the bone is hurt or lacerated, two tails are sometimes the result. The new growth can be recognized at a glance, being of a lighter cast and much smoother than a perfect tail. How rapidly a tail grows I have been ucable to determine. One specimen, taken almost immediately after losing: its tail, did not show any new growth in six weeks; at that time it escaped. One of the most attractive lizards that we observe in this country has a brown body, while the tail, from base to tip, is a most vivid blue, in the sun- light presenting a striking appearance. ‘Another snake-like lizard is of a rich burnt-umber hue, with a. white stripe extending the entire length of the body. The horned lizard, or toad, as it is correctly called, is the most familiar form, and can be seen scrambling away from the road as one rides along. They are perfectly harmless, and can be handled with impunity, and are in great demand as pets. They deposit eggs, hiding them In the ground, and are not viviparous as some of the nat- ural histories would have us believe. A long, snake-like lizard, frequent- ly without a tail, or with a new one . growing, is often seen in damp places; 10 : 146 Southern California - as B Savane, though not poisonous, bi When Be 3 finger Is placed as fea only poisonous lizard is the AAT al Lh aosa. Many o . - . 8 i during the winter a Lherusis frisking J3 hall lizards may be seen The winter er stroller th Foal vineyards Wii b fe with the variety of birds They are seen in coun tree and bush in ing its quota of fea tless numbers eve oe Spon tracts Doo Se i : n seemingly vying with th other In tho grassy i of its melody. dy Sie forth its 83% the meadow lark po i which, if Ras OL Yenirloquitiio notes, sweet. otonous, are extremely have never m : seen this bird i alah or ven in this Lito meado eing, as its name impli 18- eadow and lowland bird, © ° Dit ie familiar birds here is th Shrike the Io or the great Americ : Few bird lanius borealis of scienti oe and cou § are their equal 1n ani : applied rage, and the name is ri hth the So no animal seems to gly oases delight in torture. In cho Fd gy ge Flows we Rie mple : pins sharp. twig: To ond has Jis Climate, Fruils, Resorts, etc. 147 quainted with the puteher-bird the in- cident would have appeared something of a mystery, as the lizard woul hardly commit suicide, and even if so disposed could not have forced the twig so firmly through its body. The act is a characteristic one of our feathered friend, its prey, as a rule, being impaled in this barbarous fashion while yet alive. Orange trees, in localities where. these birds are found, give evidence of this curious habit, the thorns affording good opportunity for the act. On one free lizards, grasshoppers, beetles, l0- custs, and a variety of animals have been found, and often left untouched; and so strong is the habit that the bird sometimes tries to hang up other ob- jects. A friend observed one for nearly an hour attempting to impale a piece of scarlet flannel. The butcher-birds have a wide geo- graphical range, and in the various countries where they are found the show the same curious habit, whic has been explained in various ways. The truth is that the bird impales its rey in this way merely to hold it dur- ing the repast, or to help lacerate it, and the number of victims found can be accounted for from the fact that the habit has grown SO that the bird catches more than it can eat, and im- 148 Southern California : pales and leaves th j . . . am i pias, instinctively. The an eats Ei So [horn California are ToL 3 Jobs {gactive fellows. Their not ed ad, iscordant shriek. giorena Ws . g the most striking birds found niu ocality is the roadrunner ” jagy Jnoreas In numbers as we go f pd [er gou ybelng quite common Sa jn > go. n appearance they are is M je body being perched o ab 3 egs. The tail is nearly long 2% jo body, the bill sharp, Ion > 289 yout ul) fue eye dark, with a ri } V in 1t. Samy are interesting also, as Lo lotne goneralauie of walking tarde. or 1005 fave a pairs; two extending to the front gud two behing. The bind i . 3 x Spon roads, making the yong ables pos . They are very curious prion” ny p z TBAY, when the long tail manner. own in a ludicrous Wow Stony of the corral of this bird pe enied so often that iti Hy geovsary. $0 refer to it, bus 1 e owne Jalon hear Pasadena told id rae ad 0 atrve the birds building th who has Ji alos Angles gontloman, e one end to the other, as rou Its Climate, Fruits, Resorts, etc. 149 he had often found the skeleton of the snake in a circle of cactus. Natural- ists, as arule, discredit the story, which is that when a roadrunner discovers a rattlesnake in the bush it surrounds it with a hedge of prickly pear, then enrages the reptile 80 that it lacerates and Kills itself upon the spires. The mecking-bird is found in any arden or field, as noisy as its fellow in the East. The golden oriole is also here with the robin, though not ex- actly the rich-voiced announcer 0 i that pours out its orchar the East, but a robin for d redwings are very com- mon, the former following the track o the plow on every ranch, while wood- eckers, swallows, thrushes, Sparrows, hawks, hummin _birds and many more or less familiar delight the eye in win- ter, for it is here that many of the northern birds spend the cold months. It is a common saying in this State that rats live in trees and squirrels in the ground. The rat referred to is a timid little wood raf, rarely seen, though the evidences of its presence are everywhere in the mountalns. Often upon the ground a pile of twigs will be seen, perhaps bunched about a tree or limb, but, as a rule, the nest is in a tree several feet above the surface. y, 150 Southern California : To the eye the nests appear to be heaps of brush thrown together without method, but in nests I have examined no little skill was shown in the work. Two points were immediately notice- able. First, that the rat had made the nest rain-proof, and, secondly, had pro- vided numerous openings for escape. In one nest a section was made as near as possible directly down through the nest, showing that there were three distinct parts or stories. The upper, made of thickly-matted brush, consti- tuted the roof, that was quite sufficient to shed an ordinary amount of rain. Directly below this was a room used as a storehouse, in which were acorns, half-eaten ears of corn and various substances intended for food. This room was two feet broad and six or eight inches in height, and directly . be- neath it was the nest proper, a most comfortable apartment made up of soft fibre of veget- able matter picked so fine that it resembled cotton, constituting a warm nest or living-room for the young, and perfectly dry at all times.” All these apartments were connected by pass- ageways, affording opportunity for es- cape. In one nest examined a sub- terranean passage led off, and many nests are provided with such an es- cape, so that if a rat is seen to enter ; : i Its Climate, Fruits, Resorts, etc. 15 rounded it often es- i poem Fini and the ’ collector is Ca tified by its disappearance. Aaah Imost every ia” Jay i 0 of i 1s. 1irTe juineh ¢ added-out Jolin 8 lows: ; i und, ea Ay he few feet only. ascending trees Joe on. The owls generally oeanpy Tbe Rive nd bob up al % Be uttering audible protesis. "The walker may miss the wood 700k, rouse and other familiar Sapien: Ts. et there are birds enough an jase cient variety to satisfy the mos 1 18%. . . . oe ie to enjoy whaling a Quliigents without g0I0E the capture i TO of ar creatures may be seen. HK Climate, Fruits, Resorts, etc. 163 CHAPTE bed, and by following it up until we 3 PTR XI. reach the gateways of the Sierra Mountain Trout—H g, can enter the trout country Sy ow tb Oath Them Jd them seven or eight miles in, ound, Etc. or until the high falls prevent their further progress. To kill fish is not As the season i : Sons melt i Bune oe, _ the oh gs the whole object of the angler. There have followed Jaunty quail which 5 i i all the i Wel OVE? He Tush now aoa i : lines Ea Ine in defiance, © Miega how nods the leaders, flies, weather, methods of port of the longer followed by the of casting are all subjects that the angler he shot-gun. The lay jhe re- loves to discuss, and are half the as de- gport. Then often the hope of catch- creed that these li lit : be protected Se Aue bios shall ing fish is quite a8 pleasurable as ceeding the act itself. Bub the great secret ind, gunning, is months, and th m e ‘ ’ sportsman lays aside of angling, or, to My 1 tive to outdoor his gun, and bethi n 9 e i thinks him of his book 3 that it affords an ince object, and brings of flies that h: as done good service in life; gives one an unien with the the Adirond ack i of the St. am the cool waters him into closer comm eastern real beauties of nature. Every bowlder is an old friend, the chirp angler, ‘who i rushing MB persnangs, a tourist in the stream is ate on a of the cricket, the croak of the frog, the limited tick id et, which ] lous Boy Soria, looks. horedu: rustling of the loaves stre : at ALL the a owine down the a ole inches or mor Jaa: from five to S are is so shallow th Jong th. The Pinos : enough to float ia it is barely deep solute res . along; anon it di e leaves that drift woods can alon come to the Surface ro eps entirely to pebansion = h aD this little sron. If we prosent a stretch O eens, while all trout beneath the obi shall see a mile away a ruddy glare attracts the pebbles of its eye, growing more intense as we ap 154 Southern California : proach, until the very ground blazes with the golden POPPY. whose cups close up at night, opening with the coming day. Among the poppies little blue and pink bell-like flowers raise their faces, nodding in the gentle - breeze; the rich lavender of the wild onion, the vivid yellow of the violet forming with others a carpet of color defying description. Reaching the slopes at the caflon’s gates, masses of rock roses are seen among the bowlders, striving to hide their lichen-covered fronts with their - pink petals; clumps of silene rise here and there and fade away and disap- pear in vathes of lilac, that in turn reach up to the manzanita of the higher slopes. Once in the cafion the trees ow larger, the little stream is em- owered in an arch of elders, syca- more, live oak and the fragrant bay; ferns of various kinds rear their grace- ful fronds amid the rocks; the wild grape and poison oak festoon the trees, and farther in great brakes appear with leaves six or eight feet in length. Amid such surroundings the melted snows from the upper range flow down into the valley, leaping over inclines of * pebbles, dashing around about large bowlders, now with a low, musical sound, or breaking into a roaring pro- test over some barrier that, carried tc. 169 Its Climate, Fruits, Resorts, ¢ the way. homes of Jae neces ) Wi the spot he is them from 80 lov an in pig : out are un- A a Madre tr oe ely a home, $ dness 4] the little aan 50 SE such a new pha of the little the rocks, fly when brook encompassed that casting n is often out of i ler estion, unless, indeed, po gmgler pe e than an expert. a. » found in the deep Doo Jones der some huge bou ler, ate ant wr where there 5 Be ex hem, 1 enough to gos Lew "and these places : Ty tream must not be disreg 0, ane TDive funn that owing the bait to on horseback b the current is not only but one tending in the eas saddle, read his Walton, ame time. I ang fish Ai OS Considered a little too cedu ate, Fruits, Resorts, ei. x ) ect to : an one would eXPSLh T easy, but it should be remembered that mouth Jarger a you are ore WN the fisherman is not a worker. He is see. Mov bed, and tying Yes mount trying to accomplish just enough to leave the camores and bra r flies. make doing nothing agreeable, among hg to test yo per- Again, fishing from your horse e re the brook feseen in each is not without its excitement. he succession of poo lie. On The faithful animal is liable ap the silver beauties Ji8-1 by to stumble or slip into a pool and fall afion is bo rise over- on you in the water; and, having been walls, giant pes about in the under party in such an adventure, unbroken, huge acorns dri to the pool I can vouch for its being replete with ad, NG rolling down WD bay tree incident. While you are sitting dream- the Se The odor of ftly rustles ing, perchance, of the strange differ- at your ir. the wind soil Y squirrel ence betweeu this and your last sea- fills oe a trees, and the iy Yom the son’s fishing across the continent, there among with calm conten round the comes a bite, you drop your book into eyes yO aanch. You step he a rocky the water, and find a _gamey fish bend- distant limb another, SKir rever- ing your green rod. Now he rushes to bowlder, © when suddenly 2 : the very bank, now back, with -just a precipice. Wo s Suggestion of a break, the silver drops berating turn and ¥ dancing in the sunbeams that steal gnothel the head W through the trees. Up he comes, then face wi g trout-fishin dashes beneath his favorite rock to : startle, perhaps, his mate, then brought out by the bending, Springy rod, gives Several savage plunges, and 1s strug- ifty £ gling, dying, in your horse’s mane. Ho waters. Fiily dashes Yurousgh 2 over a 18 a beauty, eight inches long, and un- golden indow and glides ferns an like any you have seen before—a Cali- rocky W of maidenhalr t with a fornia trout; a living rainbow, green- ArapeTy backed, paling off upon the a) roar. sides, and melting into ga pearly mune oh has lodged. hue, with splashings of black. ‘ihe | huge o where the water eyes are lustrous and the head and you se 156 Southern California . Its Clim eet above, a 158 Southern California : the rock and undermined it, Near here, within a stone’s throw, swim some of Lhe finest mountain trout. Gently the fly is cast. You are a little out of trim. Your wrist has lost its suppleness. Carrying a rifle in the saddle, and working the curb of a hard- bitted broncho in the rabbit lands is not good practice. But you make a fair cast, and in your enthusi- asm try a back cast into the bool up stream and catch a bay tree. You spend half an hour recovering the fly and your temper, and de‘ermine to at- tempt no more experiments where there is not room enough to swing a cat. Acting upon this, you put your fly a moment later so close to where you were that even if you miss the fish you are repaid by finding that your hand has not lost its cunning. The fl drops upon the surface with scarce a ripple; a second it rests, then comes a splash of green, silver and golden drops, and the line hisses with a wel- come sound; down he goes; will he never stop?—for you have no reel. Under the ledge he darts, trying the cutting game; inclined to sulk, per- haps, like his mighty cousin of the East. Up again and away over the miniature rapid, to be jerked back; to dart this way and that; finally to come in, game to the last, and be ignomin- elc. 169 ¥ Jis Climate, Fruits, Resorts, illy- hat ly lifted up in 2 Diy cock oi Y acod upcn the roc ati 5 ana: t fishing 1n the pol a Wo lacks the ain oF © semen i joya . : pus a ao not run 0 Wine » pL ‘Sshing Li CO hat the stroller i iverse feature: a but find it enjoyab 2 {akon Ca ome of the bonged oe JK Arroyo itzer tr i he SW na Falls, ab miles from Pasadena, So fo ing can be had on d Cafion stream TOYO UP. : has some £ most dell i an 3 fosh Ganon oS cities and towns, a gh ey the best fishing of id Black bass fein na ge Pedro BE Ss shore referred to 1n a Le lal to any similar future a: "hore are several one near ich coul } Tt bass, and it will be done. CHAPTER XIIL The Ostrich Farm—Farms at Ana- heim and Pasadena. A pilgrimage that every visitor to Southern California makes 1s to the various ostrich farms, and while the one at Anaheim can be reached in an . hour or so by rail from Los Angeles or Pasadena, the ride across country, either by horseback or carriage, will be found the most satisfactory. I started for Anaheim early one morning in Fep- ruary from the mountains near Pasa- dena, when the rosy glow of early day was intruding upon the dark blue of the cafions. The mesa was a carpet of wild flowers of infinite variety; their odor, borne on the morning breeze, the incense of Nature. It was a typical Southern California midwinter day. The summits of the peaks were white with snow, assuming wondrous tints in the light of the rising sun. Winter was here, but just out of reach, and the valley, with its flowers, its fields of green-growing barley, its rivers of fier escholtzias opening with the day, all offered a strange and incredible con- trast. The road wound down the San Ga- briel Valley by the old mission, where 161 fe, Fruits, Resorts, etc. ’ Clima the Ty Phe Be throug Joa B "Where black-ey d natives, De eo soe it all the world was till with them, as Jnases x As we pushed on, now 1 g 3 a groves, putting flowers ¢ witnessing ntains, I i five miles away. on eared at every moves Sane a f green leading up he E snow, were Jars a 4 ‘the range became aks of Old Baldy ching up to an al- i above the sea, gp Haney in strong relief against f Arizona NY ad ave been a volcano, it of its white cap summil s D -1i oud into the a a Igoe ie oo was nov smoke, ith: in fact, 1b bs Wh a was : J i evation, an das Jorg Qe borne upward, to be t in the summer- irled away and los hi of the slopes below. 11 se ) 80 or 100 fee 162 Southern Ci alifornia : Near the Santa Ana River the road carried us through the Puente Hills the protecting b the San iel, door yards where English was an un- known tongue. The Mexicans or half breeds live, in many cases, in the old adobe huts of their ancestors, and 1 by the archaeologist. Through the hills the country stretches away gradually to the sea, and is dotted here and there with ranches, the tall eucalyptus trees with featherly tops, marking them fora long distance. The little town of Santa Fé Springs, celebrated for itg medicinal springs, is reached by 4 o’clock, where a fresh start for the ostrich farm was made the following morning.” Qur horses Seemed to gain inspiration from the ocean, the dull roar of whose breakers could now pe plainly heard, for they carried us on at 3 hand-gallop, and Soon we were in sight of the red flag that floated over the ranch pr farm,asit is curiously called in this country, where every farm is a ranch. This flag has been the source of a vast amount of joking, and not a few foreigners and innocent Americans have been led to believe l ) ) ) to Snalking an attack. Trans- ot that $7,000,000 BG ath ly that places Te sent out ie civilized - e : 0 found their wa — to this coun por hal oe a duty of 2 1 thers. opts filed fathers ith nd troubles W ith the new ered Sketehley de untries, e one—wi a correspond nd possessing ear to features a e. or very 1 2 164 Southern California: where the business had been so suc- cessfully carried on, being all in its favor. : A stock company amon g San Francisco capitalists was organized, and the Southern California Ostrich Farm Com- pany, with a paid-up capital of $30,000, became a reality. The site decided upon was a ranch in a flat, sandy country near the town of Anaheim, about 30 miles from Los An- geles, and on the line of the Southern Pacific Railroad, not over six miles from the Pacific. Dr. Sketchley went to Africa to personally secure this stock, having had a long experience with the birds; and it might be said here that one of the prime requisities in the business is to know how to buy, or to select good breeding birds and good stock. It is evident that African dealers, while they have little faith in the American venture, would not encourage any movement that would be likely to interfere with their control of the busi- ness, and to this end they formulated rules and laws tending fo discourage any outside venders, In brief, these were to raise the price of birds in- tended for export to $1500 apiece, and to keep up the price at all events. In November, 1884, the Government im- posed a duty of $500 on every bird of any age taken fir Fruits, Resorts, etc. 169 om the country, LAS izi ort duty, an yon oto A auld bring dhe ee each 6g. oo birds ab $4000, wy. ter Dr. did not dete inception O breeding Its Climate, m presen attracti ve a pearanc : neat ea laid out, with well Ki i 3 . : about 200 acres, rises It comp! i i tre e, being oo Jeuny bird Hy Sith alfalfa, psolute necessity. do are AviaLs 98 0 9 ~, 167 Jis Climate, Fruits, Resorts, etc 166 Southern California : . sable lot of plumes nce, carrying a nin 200 pounds. = said to be quite enough to support 2000 a probably hi beyond 2 six-foot b birds. The birds were exceedingly female bird sto comparison was sep tame, coming up to the rail, gently artition, and 2 male and female ho 0 pecking the rings on a lady’s hand, dered easy. The ck and legs devol on and showing great interest in buttons had the head, gio cases, merely eo or any bright object. I remember feathers, OT, I down. The hooy once, while standing by the ostriches in ith a 1 s stated, the garden in Central Park, New York, suddenly nearing a feminine scream; the next second a huge ostrich proudly swung aloft the gaudy bonnet of a difference. lady visitor. Attached to it was a color until th t green veil, and this the bird succeeded assume the tin in swallowing before it could be res- months of ened, I attended fue an ioDey a ay or So later—the arsenical poisoning hay- EH ing proved fatal. down, ornamented ¥ very attractiye In the first pen near the entrance black Stripes. “=. ci le creatures. a. were half a dozen half-grown birds, and interesting the male Ostric bo which raised their plumed wings as we approached, and moved away with a ludicrous running gait, as 1f the body was imperfectly balanced on the legs, and inclined to go first one way and then the other. Adjoining was a fine male, a most pugnacious creature, as he was O dangerous i approach as i ol 5 reverse of Wi was a magnificent bird, nearly eight fee i aving as ’ : . high, his huge muscular thighs bare, Yay the bird tn side in an Yoga and working under the play of his | © and neck TO et with a hg vp muscles, his plumage black as jet ex- lar figure O time striking the back, a cept the wings and tail plumes, which otion, each rfully against his ) were white. The bird had not been his head powe % plucked, and presented a fine appear- with longitudinal 168 Southern California - most singular and laughable perform- ance. This is kept up until the annoy- ance, in the shape of the keeper, was removed. It seemed that the bird, completely exasperated at not bein able to reach his tormentor, took this way of venting his rage. In entering the pen, where this male or others were confined, the greatest caution Was necessary, as a single blow from one of the powerful legs is quite suffi- cient to kill ga man. In Africa, where as many as 30,000 birds are kept in confinement, such accidents are quite common and even horses have been fatally injured by them. The blow is delivered as a frontward, downward, scraping kick, the foot being armed with two toes, the third and fourth, respectively,which are provided with extremely-powerful claws. The male immediately rushes at any intruder, especially in the breed- ing season, and endeavors to walk over him and to strike him down. At this farm a large pole, at the end of which there was a crotch, was held by the keepers in the position of ‘“‘charge bayonets.” As in every busi- ness, the men became reckless and often in the plucking time, when it becomes necessary to catch a large bird, the keepers will rush at it, and then will ensue a rough-and-tumble ’ \ astery, fight for the m 1b 0 on poverty endeavoring oe i A while it is plucked. full-grown vs 2 seven months, ea . 169 Jts Climate, Fruits, Resorts, etc men clinging he their only lucked every 88 male and 15 oducing about 50 long W i valued at Bom, gen B wd, or not gs ¥ first-class bree ] ans _- 70 chick-produciug oe ; 3 jon many of them don Raton, 3 i readily sell for $2 ap . an > aime of my Ta me of he de 2 is Ws x about four mere : Tt 3 ten inches po often more, ranging up sud ks gre The nesting duties are ir; the ai vided between the pa se eile secu the Dest, SURE ost at 8 eayes oo An A king her Place, ” ge 1 1% d again in the mornl 2. on a process require bo ie cubis rule, and, W pe days, 9% ar. they follow bothp \ chicks appear, 170 Southern California : and are the objects of the greatest solicitude. At the Anaheim ranch they are taken away atter 30 days, when the female soon begins to lay again. The breed- ing birds were confined in a corral comprising about eight acres of land. This was divided up into smaller cor- ralls, 10 in number, each of which con=- tained either a pair or a trio of the breeders. We chanced to be there at the feeding time, and it was ascer- tained that the breeding birds were fed twice a day with cut alfalfa, or green food, raised on the farm. Each bird eats about 40 pounds of this food per day, including an additional supply of corn, doura, cabbages, turnips and va- rious vegetables; also a certain amount of ground shells, brought by the cart- load from the neighboring seashore. The latter, and a supply of pebbles, aid digestion and provide material for egg- shell making. So it will be seen that a single ostrich will eat in weight, per year, nearly nine tons of food, and a flock of 30, 270 tons. The food supply is, then, an impor- tant item, but beyond this the birds re- quire comparatively little care: and, to show how successful the industry may be, the birds have absolute immunity from all aiseases. As one of the keep- ers said, ‘‘there is not so much work in 1 [is Climate, Fruits, Resorts, etc. 17 i there is in i ostrich farm as gh FUNDING oon stock,” and hay id 3 ns n by the fact tha heen A Ee been killed accl lly Rigs king males. Too og : oo: hatched 1 nod eH , th A d having its advantag On ny % es. 1f the eggs | Bo advan Oe anily, she will lay on 25 froha a many as 90,1n a sen, to 80, at Histinet lots. The eggs are lai fhe other day, and as och o0g laid every, A a ig! ches in circum- ight of a good is 360 pounds. ounds of se rs, or tho teed breeders, x Qu rad from 40 to 70 = os a] successive Jers suc / re of course, a = ds which canno n the be- inning depends u ginning 3 jenced man who Sd. SEY all, the risk is very d ordinary 172 Southern California: the rapid rate of increase explains the enormous fortunes that have been ac- cumulated in Africa, where, as here, many of the ostrich men Spiginally commenced with two or four birds. While the birds do not lay well until 4 years of age, they begin to pay at six months, when the first plucking is made, and this is continued for every six or eight months afterward. When 2 years old their feathers are valued at $2 apiece, and at3% years the feathers realize the highest price. These facts, and the knowledge that the birds will breed when they are 80 years old, show plainly the possibil- ities of this new American industry. Varions methods of plucking are in vogue. In some cases, as suggested, the men rush at the birds and hold them, but usually they are driven into a narrow walk and shut in, the feathers being plucked through the bars; this method requires much experience, as if a feather is broken itis apt to produce gn Injury that will seriously affect the ird. As the birds started up and down the corrals, their large eyes, so out of proportion to the small head, gazed at us in evident curiosity. Occasionally they would start and run round the corral, giving some idea of their speed. * When under full headway the stride is ts, Resorts, etc. 173 Its Climate, Frui from feet. As We rode away 4 about farm, we heard the dom the Of a male bird. The poun re like the roar of Alum Juss a it is i u 9 quently desetved it can be heard one so penetrating will become a or two miles. the industry ig ble one, there 18 vai a the feat over it i imated that there are J pd BN captivity thevh 3] poaue Or ®7.000,000 Wor thers an. : of which one-half of me to, bb ablished at Pasa- 1.os Angeles. APPENDIX. Table of Comparative Climates. aon “BAI ojBuwrxoaddy Ape Axsnusp I0J TUBA A[QIUOW 10] UBO A[YIUOW -q@ 8189 X JO IOquInNN c-- LIne pus A1en -nUBL *39Q 90UIPI CC rUBO [BNUUY *rIrBurey Los Angeles. .. Lucerne, Cal..|] SanBernardino Santa Barbara. Pasadena San Diego Fort Yuma.... St. Marks, Fla. Pensacola, Fla. Jacksonville... San Antonio... New Orleans.. Denver, Col.... St. Paul, Minn. Atlanta, Ga... Newport, R. I. Boston, Mass.. Buffalo, N.Y New York City Philadelphia... Baltimore Washington... Cincinnati Chicago 8 xR 20 0 DO OT bt 00 So =I + St. Louis....... *Sea level. bd fd od pd SND ~I TN Climate, Fruits, Resorts, etc. 175 TABLE OF COMPARATIVE CLIMATE—Cont. ~uor) Asia oysmrxorddy + LIenuBf 10] UB ATq3uoN Omaha i Leavenwortl:.. Salt Lake City. [4295 Portland, Or... 50 San Francisco. Sacramento ... Yip Tex aso, ule City of Mexico|7469 Honolulu Auckland Mclbourne Sidney, N. S.W Ceylon Hills Canton, China. Nagasaki, Jap. Jerusalem Cairo, Egypt Malta Island Madeira Island|.... Cadiz, Spain Marseilles, Fr. Nice....ooceeese]eens Mentone, Italy|.... Naples London Highland House. \ 180 Southern California: _ Colton, San Bernardino county: The Del ar. Downey, Los Angeles county: The Cen- tral. Fullerton, l.os Angeles county: The Winchester. Garvanza, Los Angeles county: Garvanza Park. Glendale, Los Angeles county: The Glendale. Los Angeles, Los Angeles county: St. Elmo, Pico, Depot, Nadeau, Belmont, St. Charles, Westminster, Natick. Nordhoff, Ventura county: Ojai Valley House, Oak Glenn Cottages. Oceanside, San Diego county: Oceanside. Ontario, San’ Bernardino county: On- tario. Orange, Los Angeles county: Palmyra, Rochester. Pasadena, Los Angeles county: Ray- mond, Painter’s, Carlton, Acme, Los An- geles, E. C. Webster’s. Pomona, Los Angeles county ; Palomares. Riverside, San Bernardino county: Row- ells, Glenwood, The Rubidoux. San Buenaventura, Ventura county: Santa Clara House, Palace, Occidental, Rose Hotel. ""Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara county: Arlington, San Marcus, Occidental, Com- mercial. : San Bernardino, San Bernardino county: Stewart, Southern, Starkey, St. Charles. San - Diego, San Diego county: Coro- nado, St. James, Florence, Horton. San Juan-by-the-Sea, Los Angeles county. Santa Ana, Los Angeles county: Bruns- wick, Taylor, Lacy. 2 Its Climate, Fruits, Resorts, etc. 181 Santa Fé Springs, Los Angeles county: Santa Fé Springs Hotel. San Fernando, Los Angeles county. Santa Monica, Los Angeles county: Ar- cadia, Santa Monica. : South Riverside, San Bernardino county: South Riverside. Sierra Madre, Los Angeles county: Sierra Madre Villa. ; South Pasadena, Los Angeles county: South Pasadena. Whittier, Los Angeles county: Whittier. — Bancroft Library” Railway Stations — Distances and ‘Altitudes. STATIONS ON THE SOUTHERN PACIFIC RAILWAY. ; Distances are given from Los Angeles, with altitudes of stations above sea. Alti- Station. Miles. tude. To Santa Barbara. F Los Angeles San Fernando Carpenteria Santa Barbara To Yuma. Los Angeles San Gabriel Mission Its Climate, Fruils, Resorts, efc. 183 Alti- Miles. tude. t. Florence Dominguez. . Long Beach (seaside) Wilmington (seaside) San Gorgonio 56 p21 Balto (harbor) Banning y Los Angeles Cabazon Vinvale Seven Palms 584 Indio Volcano Springs Flowing Well Santa Ana Cains * San Bernardino. t Below sea-level. STATIONS ON THE CENTRAL CALIFORNIA RAILWAY. . To San Bernardino. Los Angeles Downey Avenue Morgan Sycamore Grove ( Highland Park Alpine Garvanzo Lancaster } Lincoln Park South Pasadena Raymond California Street Pasadena Olivewood Fair Oaks Los Angeles...... I.amanda Park (8S. M. Villa) Park Station (University).... p Santa Monica (seaside) Santa Anita (Sierra Madra) To San Pedro. : Arcadia... ... con vir . sore woe noite Los Angeles 184 Southern California: lis Climate, Fruits, Resorts, etc. 185 Monrovia ; Miles. To Barstow. Los Angeles.. ..... PIE PEA ILE) San Bernardino Lordsburg Palomares - Claremont North Ontario (Magnolia) 3 North Cucamonga Ore Grande.................. ceerean Etiwanda x Point of Rocks. ..... ERO awe ’ Cottonwood San Bernardino To San Diego. To Rincon. Los Angeles Los Angeles San Bernardino Citrus BESSRBFSSS. pb pd ed pd pt coma mIgano te 67. 70. 74. 1. 85. Box Springs Perris OHMOVOANO NOP WOOO OMO a © Hints to Tourists and Settlers. From the fact that palms and oranges and other sub-tropical fruits grow in -Soath- ern California the year round, many visit- ors from the East prepare for a tropical cli- mate. While the country has a winter of flowers, the nights are cool and often the days, and in stepping into the shade from the open sunlight there is a Percentile dif- ference felt—until one is thoroughly acecli- mated. Old Californians dress about the same throughout the year, and this is the proper way at the sea- shore, ordinary medium-weight clothes suited to late eastern fall bein used. In the region. of Los Angeles anc END OF TITLE | | | it rR ko ie | ; & po me ~ PLEASE REWIND.