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HAH AREY ict 3 i : EI Ean Flebnnes ) ii W A dha J) Ct \ 4 TAN HY Vy Xk 3 NY Hn il Ie i A Mil La Fi i RN Sn nny la gh sho Li Se i & RL i} k i Raa pH i A + 4 SHAR il BL ONE GET ne An uy } y J ; ) CHR pi ANY (A i L; i hn ey AH SH id Wis kl FE hi ; hi } LoL LY. AA v y b PLL PRL LEA § Up 2 i i i es i in Cr) (i he rs Qe Ag! a ¥ fied ne PAA li i iid i ANE gs Wa ! his HE, OE Fi on LS i a SE FL } La i i il Ho LS CAA AUN AIA) } AA he rar He i i io ee] | AE PRA Pas TH A FON “ LA A ¢ | i) FLAP . A i 9 et a eat 3 RT , i ai. AUN ABA # SECOND EDITION . TR> epresentative Men \ of the., Bombay Presidency A Collection of Biographical Sketches, with Portraits of the Princes, Chiefs, Philanthropists, Statesmen and other Leading Residents of the Presidency, # # 2 & a2 a2 2 # & 4 5 & Published, by Permission, under the Distinguished Patronage of His Excellency The Right Honorable Lord Sandhurst, G. C. I. E., Governor of Bombay Made by Published by THE HISTORICAL PUBLISHING CO. ; C. B. BURROWS, Care WILLIAM WATSON & CO. No. 8 Hornby Road, Bombay, India PHILADELPHIA, PENNA, U. 5. AVIERICA No. 7 Waterloo Place, London, England “Congress Jat ‘Washington, D. C. ATIONAL COPYRIGHT LAW. ¢ DS 485 BaRk46 900 # PREFACE T© SECOND EDITION. pe dency,” is published under the gracious patronage of His Excellency Lord Sandhurst, G. C. I. E., Governor of Bombay, whose genuine interest in the careers of distinguished men of the Presidency is well-known. ROE TEAK IA CX It will be found that this edition contains the portraits and biographies of nearly a hundred Representative Men whose histories did not appear in the First Edition. On the other hand, about a dozen of those that did appear BZ therein have been omitted. With these exceptions, the First Edition has been amalgamated with the present YN Z| AA Glo \ Nd There are, of course, still some Representative Men of the Bombay Presidency whose photographs do not adorn these pages, and, to a certain extent, the same cause that was assigned in the First Edition for their omission is accountable for their non-inclusion now. But, it must be remarked, as an additional reason, that the value of published biographies of public men is as yet but inadequately recognized in some quarters, and there is consequently a reluctance to furnish the necessary materials. And further, there is a section of prominent men in the Presidency who are influenced against having their photographs taken by superstitious awe—a dread of shortening their lives. It will be readily understood from the above that the production of a work of this nature is not one of the easiest tasks that a publisher can undertake. However, in this case, a certain compensation has been afforded in this direction by valuable assistance rendered by many reliable gentlemen, the thanks of the Publisher being especially due to Sir Bhalchandra Krishna, Kt., Rao Bahadur Anandrao R. Talcherkar, Sirdar Cooperswamy Moodliar, of Poona, and Mr. Rustim Pestonji Jehangir. Mr. P. H. Baxter has also shown untiring zeal in securing the necessary records and notes from which to write the biographical sketches. The editing of the additional matter has been in the hands of Mr. Roger Laming. C.B. B Bombay, February 10, 19oo. 262 3) PREFACE [ees (FIRST EDITION) N FULFILLING a task so difficult and important as that of giving a brief account of the lives of representative men i of the Bombay Presidency, | deem it right to state the causes which led to the undertaking. It is the desire of the publisher of this work to publish a series of portraits with biographical sketches of the Princes, Chiefs, and distinguished public and business men who are, or have been, connected with India. It was decided to divide the work into at least three separate volumes, viz: the Bengal, Madras, and Bombay Presidencies. Circumstances led to the Bombay Presidency being the one selected for the first attempt, and the present volume is the, result. The portraits and histories of a few persons who may fairly claim to be considered as representative men will not be found herein, but those who know India will readily understand how these omissions have occurred. Where the distances between important towns or centres are so great as they are in India, it is almost impossible to interview all the leading personages and obtain sufficient data to enable an author to write sketches of their career. But, despite the foregoing, I think that the present volume contains the portraits and biographical sketches of nearly all the leading men of Western India, and if the domestic history of a country is, after all, the history of its leading men, whether in their public or private capacities, then | trust that this volume will find acceptance at the hands of not only the people of India, but of all who desire to know how the great Western Presidency has made such mighty strides in the march of progress during the last one hundred years. It has been deemed wise to insert the portraits and histories of some who have passed away, but the memory of whom still lives. Amongst these will be found the “Peabody of the East,” the late Sir Cawasji Jehanghier, Kt., C. S. 1., to whose philanthropy and catholicity of mind many substantial and beautiful buildings in Bombay and elsewhere attest; and the late Mr. Justice Nanabhoy Haridas (alas! called away too soon), one who was ever in the foremost rank of “those who strive for the right.” The ruling Princes of the Western Presidency have at their ‘head His Highness the Maharajah ‘Gaekwar of Baroda, and it may be said that the whole of the English race are justly proud of him. The Maharajah of Kholapur, the head of the famous Maharatta house, is also a product of English education and govern- ment. Though but a short time on the throne, he has given indisputable proof of his capacity to govern wisely and well. The prosperity of the Bombay Presidency, like that of every country and territory in the world, is inseparably connected with the mercantile portion of the community. Armies and navies, after all, exist only for the protection of commerce, and even I (2) though a successful General or Admiral may command more attention and receive more homage from mankind than the peaceable trader, it should not be forgotten that, if the trader did not profitably exist, there would never be an opportunity for the General and the Admiral to demonstrate their skill in the art of warfare. Hence, in these pages | have deemed it wise to devote some space to those who, by the conduct and management of mighty mercantile concerns, have done much for the Presidency. Pre-eminent amongst the latter stands the Grand Old Man of Bombay, Sir Dinshaw Manockjee Petit, Bart., not only on account of the magnitude of the interest he has in the cotton industry, but also on account of his vast benefactions. I crave the indulgence of my readers with regard to the spelling of certain Indian proper names. A person acquainted with India knows that it is extremely difficult to be exact in the spelling of names of persons and places, for a great many people are like the immortal “ Weller,” who did not care whether his name was spelt with a “V” or a “W.” The Parsees of India are reasonably consistent in the way in which they spell their names, but Hindoos and Mahomedans are as variable as the wind. Junagadh in Kathiwar, | am assured, may be spelt in five different ways, all equally correct. If my readers, therefore, think the orthography faulty, they will, 1 trust, recollect the difficulty under which I have laboured. | take this opportunity of expressing my everlasting gratitude to the Princes and other leading gentlemen of Western India for their exceeding kindness to me during the course of my work. [| am especially Andebted to Mr. C. S. H. Sarl, Editor of the “Times of India,” and to Mr. Dinshaw Wacha, for much valuable information and help. | desire, also, to express my sense of gratitude to Messrs. Bourne & Shepherd, photographers, of Bombay, and to Mr. Hammes, photographer, of Poona, for many of the photographs here reproduced. I trust that this volume may serve the purpose for which it has been issued. Of its faults and imperfections no one can be more conscious than | am, but, at least, | have the satisfaction of feeling that I have done the best I could, and, having done so, do not believe that I have wholly failed. JOHN HOUSTON. Bombay, February, 1897. (3) ° PAGE. PAGE. His Excellency Lord Sandhurst, G. C. I. E.. Governor of Bombay. "oan ow 6 Sir Dinshaw: Manockjee Petit. Bart... 0 vl i a 69 Her Excellency Lady Sandhurst, €. 1... 0. 0 ota os vr avd ide, 6 Lady Sakerbai Dinshaw Manoelkji Petit: ov se al, 69 Lord Northcote, C. B., Governor Designate of Bombay ........................ SL 7 Sir Cowasjee Jehanghier, Kt, C'S. I... Lov iii dines i 72 H. H. Maharaj Sir Sayaji Rao III, G. C. S. 1, Gackwar:of Baroda... . i... .... 8 Sair: Jehanghier Cowasjee Jehaughier, Kt... £0 0. ph via 0 wa, 72 H. H. Sir Shahu Chhatrapati, G. C. S. I., Maharajah of Kholapur-..:.....¢ 0.0. 12 Sir Mangaldas Nathubhoy, Kt., CS: I.) The late. o.oo iiiiiew os i 74 H. H. Maharao Sir Khengarji Bahadur, G. C. I. E. Raoof Cutch..... ............... 15 Tribhuvandas Mangaldas Nathubhoy, Esq., J. P: (son of above) ............c....... 75 H. H. Raval Sir Takhtsingji, G. C. S. I, LL. D,, Maharajah of Bhavnagar (the late) 16 Sirs George Cotton, Kt... oh... a ee Ne 78 Vithaldas, Dewan Saheb of Bhavnager................. oi ous Toon oo 19 Sir. Bhalchandra Krishna Bhatavadekar, Kt. 00 on... a Sh ee 79 H. H. Bhavsinhji Maharaja Sahib of Bhavnagar... ib. ous ery 20 HH. Aga Sulton Mahomed Shah (Aga Khan)... lc... 0000 he 8 oa 79 H. H. Rasulkhanji, Nawab Saheb of Junagadh... ........ ... 0. 0c oi 27 Dastur Kaikhosru Jamaspji Jamaspasa, High Priest of Bombay. ........cooouooo.... 81 H. H. Sir Bhagvat Sinhjee, K. C. 1. EM. D.; LL D., D. C. L., Thakore Saheb of Shams-ul-Ulama Sirdar Khan Bahadur, Dastoor Hosang Jamasp, Ph. D., Parsee High Gondale....c. ..... . an LRE 29 Priest ofithe Deccan... 0... a0 en) bay io ed 82 Her Highness the Rani Saheb'of Gondal................ io. 0 uo a0 29 Abdulla Meherali Dharamsi B.A. J. P. Thelate Hon. Mr... ... 0... .. 0. 5 82 Sir Sher Mahomed Khanji, K. C. I. E., Chief of Palanpur 20.00. vd aor 34 Adamji Peerbhoy Rafinddin,e]. PP... . 0. coi i ia a 84 H. H. Maharana Shree, Sir Jasvatsinghi, K. C. I. E.. Thakore Saheb of Limbdi... .:. 30; Anandrao Ramkrishna Talcherlar, Rao Bahadur... 0. 0. oo 00 i, 86 H. H. Maharana Shri Balsingji, Thakore Saheb of Wadhwan. ................... 33 Ardesiv Hormnsi) Wadia FVsq The-late... 0 bei dri a a a 87 Sheikh Shree Mahmad Hussein Mian, Chief of Mangrol....................c0...... 41 Ardesir Framji Moos Esq...... rd a A aL. 88 Prince Jehangir Mian Saheb, (Brother of above). nil olan Sea a 41 Atmaram Joitaram Patel. Rao Bahadur. ro Smeal ee I LE DI EE 89 Kumar Saheb Shri Samatsinji Soorsingji Bahadur, of Palitama..........0... 44 Becherdas Ambaidas, C. S..1.; Rao Bahadur: Thelate Hon. oi... 0. 0... Qo H. H. Sursinghi, Thakore Saheb of Lath... ........ 0 i isd, uid, 45 Sheth. Shambhooprasad Esq. (son of above)... cri i ia i 90 Madar-ul-Maham Sheikh Muhammad Baha-ud-Dinbhai, C. I. E., Vazir of Junagadh... 46 Bholanath Sarabhai. The late. Rao" Babador. oi bo ios 0 i ee 02 Durbar, Shri Bavawala, Saheb of Vadia. 0. 0 Lo. vidas re 48 Bladey, C.-T. FE: Dr. Thomas: = 5... Sai sa a ta 93 Durbar Shri Vajsurwala, Chief of Bagasra..oco ol i aa na iE na 50 Bomanji Dinshaw Petit, J. P., and family. The Hon Mr... oo. oi iii ino 04 Shrimant Pirajarao, alias Bapusaheb Ghatges Sarjerao Vajarat Maab, Chief of Kagal Budruddin Abdulla Koor Esq, FAP. on ai i aaa ane. 97 (Senior)... c. ...ca e a . 31 Budruddin Tyabji.. "The Hon Mr. Justices. sh. sisi oi ase op ve 08 Shrimant Dattajirao, alias Balasaheb Ghataghe Sarjarrao, Chief of Kagal (Junior.).. 33 Bymunjee Jamaspjee. C. TE. «Distir Li... abe i ea na a aa 90 Shrimant Rao Gopal, alias Appasaheb Patwardhan, Chief of Jamkhandi. oo ..0000 0 35 Byramjee Jeejeebhoy C'S. L.- The late Hon Mri ari ci ivi 100 H. H. Narayenrao Bahasaheb Ghorepadi, Chief of Yehalkaranjic oo, on foiii ono 57 Byramjee H. Nanavatty, F. RCS: MoD Dr... 0 it as la Ln 101 H. H. Mir Faiz Mahomed Khan Talpur of Rhobrpur. 381... 00. os 30 Candy, 1. C. 5. The Hon. Mr. Justice E. "0... 5 i vn. il ae 02 H. H. Mir Mahomed Hussain Ali Kham Palpue, C/So Le ih ew 60 Chimanlal H. Setalvad, B.A, IL B 4.'P. (Thellon Mr: oo 0 103 Maharana Shri Jitsingji Khumansingji, Thakore Saheb of Mandwa................. 63 Chiumlday Lalloobhai “Esq... iu 8 caveat niin inc iia 104 Sir Lawrence Jenkins, Kt., Chief Justice of Bombay."..0¢. ..c...... 0 ao 64 Chonilal. Serabhal. Esq. obs. a a ae a ea a 105 Sir Albert Sassoon, Bart,, C. S. 1 Thelated iio or. oi a i 64 Cowasjee Dinshaw Beg, Cul FE... 0 0 0 ih So re von ia 106 $: D. Sassoon Beg. The laters... 0 0 0 oo TEE 63 Currihbhoy Ebrahim, Esq, J. PP... 0. oii 00 ma aa a 107 Mrs SD. Sassoon... Lo a 3 Cursetjce Furdoonjee Parakh, Esq, J. Po The late. io. il iain 108 Sir Jamsetjee Jeejeebhoy, Bart., First Parsee Baronet. Thellote.!.. 0 nail €6 Dadabhai Newroll Esq... io... oor aos a a esi 110 Sir Jamsetjee Jeejeebhoy, Bart., C. S. I, Third Baronet. The late. Look aad won 67 Daiji Abaji ‘Rare, J.P. The Hon Mrs i ni sn iain nia 110 Sir Jamsetjee Jeejeebhoy, Bart., J. P., Fourth and Present Baronet, Sheriff of Bombay 67 (a) Dalpatrawy' Pranjivan Khalkkar, J.P. Rao Salleh. oi uiniiiein oib carols III Damodhar Thackersey Mooljee, Faq. The late... 6 his eo, 113 Vithaldas: Damodhar Thackersey Esq. (son of above).................0. oC... 116 Davar ‘Edalji Khurshedji Modi. Sardar... .. ci. ll a sa 117 Pe Monte Esq, I. BB Ji din cihvni is oh shits via havin ia ase a aA 117 De Souza Bsq., B. A., LL. B.. Louis Joseph Eustace.’............%. oh oii. LL 119 Dinshaw Bdulji Wacha, Beg. J.P... vii eat ol da foi a ci 119 D'Monte, M. D., J]. P.. Dr. Dominica Anaclecte.................o. 0. 00. ca, 121 Dolatrama Kirparama Pandya Esq. ...... i .cc0i oe. ini iit aia sales ses 22 Dorabjee: Pudumjee. Sirdar Khan ‘Bahaduri......0 0 0. con i 123 Dost Mahomed Allana, Esq. J. .P. The late..... ih. c oe sine an dean aiovidns 124 Dwarkadas Vussonji Esq. The late.......... cc. ido inte 0 hs 125 Edulji Bymoniee. Dustin. ci. iu i i eid iis a sad oh sw aiatiens al ia ia Eset ates ai ble 126 Edulii Pallonji :Lalcaca Ba... cise addi fe a iis dee bts sib avian sor te 127 Ellapa Balaram; J. P. Rao Bahadur. o.u. isn, au ash did oo as, 128 Framjee Dinshaw Petit: Esq. J. P. The late. oii. is sin at inenvaniv ssn ssn 129 Pramjee Dinshaw Petit. Mrs. io i i tila se nates va vv ss aioe 120 Framroze Rustomjee Joshi Bsq., J. BP... coun. tit. sda cr ii sain a 131 Gokaldas Kahandas Parekh, J. P. The Hon. Mr....:..... chun v.. oo, 132 Goverdhandas Goculdas Teizpal, J. P. Seth. .... ii... lon id ii se. i oe, 133 Gunesh: Govind: Gokhale. ‘Rao Bahadtr..ooi. 0. 0 a a iia oi, 134 Halim Mahomed Dayam, J. P. Kahn Bahadur. ........... 00 aba i a a, 136 Haridas Viharidas Desai Bsq.- The late... iii. dan isn isha 136 Becherdas Viharidas Desai. Sirdar Rao Bahadur. ..i..........c. 0 ol 0 137 Hori Racjee Chiplunkar.. The late Rao: Bahadur............ nei... oo liL, 139 Harischandra Gopal. The late Rao Saliebi.... o.oo iodo. a a. 139 Hassambhoy Vishram Bag. ....i.. a ieee seh aan 141 Fateh, MB. Lt Cole. W. IB... vi mins nso ani ar an Ls 142 Hormusjee Jamsetice Rustomjee, Fsq., J. P. The late......... 0c. ii. i.e. 142 Hurkisondas Narotamdas Esq, J. P...... 00. .0d i a al a Si 145 Ibrahim: Rahimtoola Kaderbhoy, J. P. The Hon. Mr....i................ 0.00... 146 Temail Jan Mahomed, J. Po Dr ois. oii a viii chai an Side ie hans la os 161 Jagmohandas Vandravandas Bhaisett, Bsq., Jo PP... .......... 000.00 cn i 148 Jamsetjée Ardesir Dalal Esq., M.A. 0 re. olvidar ea Sn 148 Janardhan Gopal Mantri Esq, J.P... 0. van. ods a a i a 150 Javaji Dadaji. Choudhari Esq., J. Poo Theilate. i... ... 00 ar: naa dia. 151 Jeejeeblioy Dadabhoy Esq., J. P. The late... .... 0... duo bas viii i.) I51 Jeejeebhioy TFramjee Petit Esq., J. Pi. cid aii vind vad sits 04, 153 Jeejechblioy Framjee Petit. Mrs... oi rs iti i scien vs ions dun iainss 153 Jehangir Pestonjee Vakil.. Khan Bahadur............. 0.5 00 an on, 154 Joomabhoy Laliee Bag. JP. The late. cn. toi i... vail. die sii 155 Fazalbheoy Toomabhoy Laljee, Esq (son of above).......... co... hci on, 156 Kaikhusrn Nusserwanjv Bahadurji, B. Sc., M. D. The late Dr...................... 157 Kashinath Trimbak Telang, M. A., C. I. E. The late Hon. Mr. Justice... ........... 158 Kazi Abdul Karim. Kazi Noormahomed. .. ......0 i coe. sees iuviae at seals 159 Kazi Kabiruddin Baq., J. Po... .. ie void oo i i a dh on sane te all tas 150 Kazi Shahabuddin, C. 1. E. Khan Bahadur the Hon..........c... civil 160 Kershaspyi Rustomji -Dadachanii Baqi... . cies fii dione vis ddeasis ine ea a sioteis 161 Krishnarao Antoba Chebulkar Tsq., B. A., J. Poon voc iiis A 0 163 Khursetjee Nusserwanjee Sirvai Esq. The late... ..c.. viii iniddnen. ants 164 Mackichan, M.A. D:D. The Rev. Dr. D.. cv. oe a ri Sih van 165 Madhavdas Rugnathdas, Fsq., J. P. The late. ................ cn. i.e. Rin. 166 Maganbhai Karamchand. The late Rao Bahadur Seth. ...... 0... 0. i>... ..... 167 Mahadev Govind Ranade, M. A., LL. B,C. 1. E. The Hon. Mr. Justice............ 167 Mahomedbhioy Rowjee Fs... .... iu uvsisasssivih vnsionss cues asionss ens subi Re 160 Ibrahimbhoy Mahemedbhoy Rowiee Bsq., J. P... i. ao. ieee a vo 170 Mahomed lassan Makboh Bsg...... 0c is iid iil i on idl on 170 (5) Manassukharama Suryarama Tripathi Esq., J. P Moodliar and 'Eamily! Poofteacoly..... iii. oii ad Dd fe Moodlidr.. Master: Venketachelum. .... ......0. 0. 0 00 a a oh Moodliar. - A. Moodookrishna............, By TIT titties Moodliar Sirdar Coopoorswamy.:>......... 0... 0.0 oni la a Moodiiar. The late Sirdar Rao Bahadur Viziarungum........... i... ........ Mooljee Jaitha Bsq.: The late... oo... 0. iid il oie a ia Soonderdas Maooljee Esq. The late... oc. vas laine ni TE Morarjec Goculdas,; C. IL. BE Thelate Hon. Mr... ....... oa 0 ie Moses Fag., J.P. Silas Meyer... o.oo 0d ein vn nin Muncherjee Cowasjeec Murzban; C. I. BE, Khan Bahadur... .. ..... . 0... Munji Nursey Beg. The late... io ini eed dai iar Munmohandas Ramjeei Hora Esq., J. BP... aie sev oie Nanabhai Haridas, LL. B. - The late Hon. Mr, Justice... i... on ii md 0 Narayan Bhai Dandekar. Rao Bahadur. o.oo 0, 00 0h 0) oii iii Narayan Bhai Dandekar. Rao. Bahadur... 2... ....c 0 iv. oo ag nl Narayen Ganesh Chandavarkar, B. ALL B.. The Hon. Mr ......1........... . . Nesserwanjee Manockjee Petit Bsqi,']. P. Thelate.......,...... 0 ii. ron od Jamsetjee Nesserwanjee Petit Esq., J. P. The late (son of above) .................. Bai Dinbai, widow of the late N. M, Petit Esq... 0... 00. 0... a ts. 0, Nowrojee Pestonjee Vakil, C./L FE. Bhan Bahadur... Ll. 0... sa... 0 iii, Nowrosjee Nusserwanjee Wadia, C. I. E., A. M. 1. C. E,, &c. The late Hon. Mr..... Pallonjee Pestonjee Rivettnna Esq; J, P. The late... on... odio 0 bio Parsons; 1. C. S. The Hon. Mr Justice.o to, i. a can ease ie ny Pestonjee Jehangir, C..1. FE. Khan Bahadur... ..ion. in il. ooo ier. ooh Pherozeshah M. Mehta, M. A., C. 1. E.. The Hon. Mr... ...... = CAI od nee Pollen; B.A LL. DA CoS... Dr. John. oh 00) oc oviiai sia ower Premabhai Hemabhai, Nagar Sheth of Ahmedabad. The late Rao Bahadur.......... Manibhai Premabhai. ‘Sheth (son of above)... .. iu... cio iin insanely Premichand :Boychand., Sheth... .. oi ir. co ad variant a Purshottamral Sunderii Zala Esq... ... bt. ii. inne a ideal a, Ranachhodabhai Udayarama Esq. J. P...... 0. ci i 0 iia. ha i. Runchordlal Chetalal, C. I. KE... The late Hon... .. oc. dis a een Russell, B.A. The Hon. Mr Justice. i... vi. viii cnn dss enn iss s Sarabhai Maganbhai Karamchand. The late Sheth Goculdas*Liladhur Pasta: The later... co. ii iid ni di Shrimant: Bhasker Rao, Vithal RKhasgiwale. ...... 0. i 0 a il ei. i Slater Esq. Bx A. John Sanders. ti... viv nba Ea Sorabjee Framjee Patell Esq. The late... ivoire svanin iad eda, Sorabjee Nowroji Cooper Esq... J. P. The late. io... in ii. coo iiula ids Ll Sorabjee Shapurjee Bengalee, C.' I. E.: ‘The late Hon: Mr.............. 00.00. Stevens Esq, C. LE, F. BR. 1. B.A, &. Frederick William... ............... &.. Talakchand Manekchand EBsq., J. P.. Thelate....i... i oi 0 ii hid, Tapidas Varajas.: The late Seth ii, oo... vin: a a RS Tookeram Tatya Bsq., J.P. The date... nin nn fie iin dl aloe Tribhovandas Kalyandas Gajjar, M. A., B. Sc. Trimbak Vaidya Esq. The illate.... non li nine edi, he aie Narayan Trimbak Vaidya, J. P. Rao Bahadur (son of the above).................. Underwood, M. A.. Mi'D, “Dr. Edward J. Go EF... ihn dai. aa, Vijbhucandas Atmaram, J.P. The Hon. Mr....i..q...o. . i 8, doco. Vishnu Moreshwar Bhide. *Rao Bahadur. .-.uz. 0. iia nana an, Vishvanath Narayan Mandlik, C. 1. E.,, M. R. A. S., &c., Rao Saheb. 'Vundravandas Purshotamdas Esq... .. 7... an vibe caes vd a Abn nda ston sons g Vurjivandas Madhowdas Esq. J. P..ccon. iin soins aia oo 0 ese saa de Tribhovandas Vurjivandas Esq., Wels I. M. SilLient Col. LS. oc a i sd sr sa i ad aa, 191 192 193 104 105 196 198 199 200 202 203 203 204 205 206 207 208 2 210 211 212 213 215 217 217 "219 220 WN NN SN N = XT = HER EXCELLENCY LADY SANDHURST. C. I. His EXCELLENCY LORD SANDHURST, G. C. I. E., GOVERNOR OF : -BomBAY. (6) His Excellency Lord Sandhurst, G. C. 1. E,, Governor of Bombay. His Excellency, the Governor of Bombay, is the eldest son of the first Baron Sandhurst, who, as Sir William Mansfield, commanded the Bombay Army, after which he became Com- mander-in-Chief in India, and subsequently commanded the forces in Ireland. The present Baron was born in 1855 and is now, therefore, in his forty-second year. His Lordship was educated at Rugby, and, on leaving there, he went to Cambridge, and subsequently became a lieutenant in the Coldstream Guards, but political matters rather than military affairs soon engaged his attention. Lord Sandhurst succeeded to the title on the death of his father, in 1876. When Mr. Gladstone returned to power in 1881, His Lordship was appointed one of the Lords in Waiting to Her Majesty the Queen. This post he held until 1885. On Mr. Gladstone reassuming office, in 1886, His Lordship accepted the position of under Secretary of State for War, but only occupied the post for a few months, as the Gladstone Administration was defeated soon after the meeting of Parliament. When the Liberals returned to power, in 1892, Lord Sandhurst again became under Secretary for War. This position does not afford its holder much scope for distinguishing himself in political life, yet the manner in which His Lordship dis- charged the duties of the office gave promise of a brilliant political career. In 1894 His Lord- ship was offered and accepted the Governorship of Bombay, and, on Lord Harris’ term of office expiring early in 1895, Lord Sandhurst assumed the reins of government. He arrived in Bombay on the eighteenth of February, 1895, and met with a hearty welcome from all classes of society. Many of those present at the reception remembered His Excellency’s father as commander of the Bombay forces as well as Commander-in-Chief in India, and doubtless felt that welcoming His Lordship was like renewing the friendship for his father. The positions occupied by the Viceroy and the Governors of Bombay and Madras are of singular difficulty and responsibility, for whereas the Governors of Canada, the Australian Colonies and the Cape have Cabinets, founded on the English model, to advise and guide them, the Viceroy and the Governors of Madras and Bombay have to accept the whole of the responsibility for any official changes, or the inauguration of any new policy during their term of office. It is true that there are the Supreme and Presidency Legislative Councils to advise and confer with the Viceroy and Governors, but the latter cannot, if any measure results disas- trously, shelter themselves behind their Councils. The Governor is alone responsible for the management of the Presidency over which he presides. If the proposition be a true one, that government only exists to insure the happiness and contentment of the governed masses, then, indeed, Lord Sandhurst has admirably suc- ceeded in the difficult position he fills, for it is extremely doubtful if, at any time, the people of the Bombay Presidency have been so contented and happy as they are at present. His Lordship has succeeded—where some of his distinguished predecessors failed—in endearing himself alike to the ‘‘ subject many and the ruling few.” To worthily fill a position which has been held by such men as Sir Robert Abercrombie, the ever-to-be-remembered Mount Stuart Elphinstone, Sir Bartle Frere, the illustrious civil servant, the Rt. Hon. Sir Richard Temple, Bart.; Lord Reay and Lord Harris, is a herculean labor, and that His Excel- lency has succeeded, is the strongest evidence of his ability to grasp and deal with, in a com- prehensive manner, the great questions which crop up from time to time affecting the welfare of the Presidency. His Lordship, in 1881, married the Lady Victoria Spencer, a daughter of Earl Spencer, and, in her he has found an admirable helpmeet in discharging the social duties of Government House. Her ladyship has all those qualities which go to make an admirable ‘ First Lady of the Presidency.” The photographs of their excellencies, which are here reproduced, are by Messrs. Bourne & Shepherd. (7) Loorp NoOrTHCOTE, C. B, GOVERNOR-DESIGNATE OF BOMBAY. (8) Hrs HIGHNESS MAHARAJ SIR SAVAJI Rao III, GC. C. 8, 1., BErc., GARRWAR OF BARODA. His Highness Maharaj Sir Sayaji Rao lll., G. C. S. 1., Etc., Gaekwar of Baroda. His Highness is the Premier Prince of Western India. He rules over a principality larger in population and yielding a greater revenue than any State in all Hindustan save that of His Highness the Nizam of the Deccan. But it is by his culture and enlightenment, his wisdom and ability, his justice and toleration,and his rectitude and moderation that he stands prominently before us. His endeavors to promote the well-being of his subjects, his efforts to improve their condition,and his attempts to enlarge their minds are now familiar as household words all over India. The history of the Baroda State and the strange combination of circumstances which led Sayaji Rao Gaekwar to the Gadi have been often told, and looking to the space at our disposal we think it wiser to give a short description of what His Highness has done since he has had the management of his State. When he was installed on the Gadi in 1881, His Highness gave expression to the policy which he has since steadily pursued. Replying to the speech of Sir James Fergusson, the then Governor of Bombay, His Highness remarked, inter alia: ‘‘Influenced by so many good agencies and favored by so many auspicious circum- stances, I shall pursue a simple and solid programme. I shall always feel and manifest sincere and undeviating loyalty to Her Gracious Majesty the Empress of India. Relying on the sympathy of the Imperial Government, I shall always be solicitous for the welfare of my subjects. Whatever good may have been conferred on them from of old will be preserved, and I shall earnestly strive for further steady progress toward the accomplishment of this the foremost object of ny ambition. I expect constant and cordial co-operation from all classes. May God help me in the fulfilment of my duties.’ A reign so well inaugurated cannot well be fraught with aught but singularly beneficial results. When His Highness was installed on the Gadi, Raja Sir T. Madhav Rao, K. C. S. 1., was the Dewan, and, associated with him in the work of administration, were men like Khan Bahadur Kazi Shahabuddin and Dewan Bahadur Luxuman Rao Jagunnath. His Highness, keenly appreciative of the services rendered by these gentlemen to his State and his people, allowed them to retain their positions, and advanced them as opportunity offered. Keenly alive to the necessity of having about him people possessing real merit and loyalty, His Highness has always been careful to recruit his service by men of tried ability and zeal. Passing to the administration of the Gaekwar, we find he has steadily pursued a liberal and enlightened policy. Among the most noteworthy features of his rule we may note the following: The Scientific Land Revenue Survey of the State, which has resulted in affording relief to the ryots from the hardships arising out of an irregular and often capricious system of taxation, and in placing the system of revenue on a sound economic basis. The carrying out of this important work was placed in the hand of Mr. F. A. H. Elliot, 1.:C: 8... Ci 1, E., a very able and energetic officer and at one time tutor to His Highness. The energy and intelligence brought to bear on the various difficulties that presented them- selves in connection with the work may be truly characterized as phenomenal, but the result has more than justified the anticipations of His Highness, for now the ryots of Baroda are happier and in a better position than they have ever been before. In connection with the Land Revenue Administration, we may further notice various beneficial measures, such as the sifting and reformation of several complicated land tenures, the abolition, total and partial, of several petty and miscellaneous imposts, the thorough readjustment of custom and transit duties, the remission of long-standing arrears and the introduction of a simple, but efficient system of keeping accounts by which the interests of both the State and of the people are conserved without prejudice to either. The local regulations for securing speedy and efficient administration of civil and criminal justice have been codified, and while the new laws are based for the most part on the British Indian codes, due regard is had to the usages, preju- dices, habits and traditions of the people subject to them. In order that the majority of people may easily understand them, the laws and regulations of the State are, for the most The Sirdar classes have had their claims thor- The part, couched in the vernacular languages. oughly investigated, and several measures have been adopted to relieve them of debt. Girassias have been won over by gentle and considerate treatment into cheerful submission, and their disputes with the State and with each other have been permanently settled. The educational policy of the Baroda State is the most advanced in India, for His Highness is determined that his subjects shall have the opportunity of acquiring either elementary or higher education. A splendid college has been erected at Baroda teaching up to the highest examinations of the Bombay University, in arts, law and science. Elementary education is In 1888 there were 180 vernacular schools, with an making rapid strides in the provinces. attendance of 17,465 scholars, and these numbers have now been increased to 1293 and 83,282, respectively. The education of the backward classes, the Dooblas, has been specially attended to by holding out special inducement to them, and opening a boarding-school for their benefit. A scheme for the compulsory education of all boys in the State up to a certain age, and up to a certain standard, is being tried and has been eminently successful. In working out this grand reform His Highness has won undying glory for himself as the mental regen- erator of his people. Though fully conscious of the value and importance of literary education and academical training, His Highness is keenly alive to the fact that thorough training in the technical branches of industry can alone enable India to become a great manufacturing BOTLEY. and a splendid technical institute, otherwise known as the Kala Bhawan, has been erected at Baroda, and liberally endowed, where instruction is imparted in many branches of manufacturing industry, trades, agriculture, art, cookery and music. For the special benefit of the agricultural classes, a gentleman specially trained in Europe has been appointed to promulgate new methods of agriculture, and classes have been opened to train the cultivators in these methods. Liberal encouragement to this ancient and honorable pursuit has been given by offering waste lands for cultivation at low rates, and by granting advances to agriculturists at low interest. Female education has, in Baroda, under the direction of His Highness, received an impetus. In spite of the various difficulties arising from the prejudices of the people in the way of the education of females, there are 62 schools for girls, attended by 6434 pupils. A very large portion of His Highness’ surplus revenues has been devoted to public works of beauty and utility. Baroda, the capital of the State, is one of the handsomest cities in Gujarat, and is the third city in point of size. The Lakshmi Villasand Makerpura Palaces, the residences of His Highness, are the grandest buildings of their kind erected in India during the present century. Many useful roads have been made in the States where formerly there were only footpaths or tracks. The city is supplied with water brought from a long distance, under circumstances attended with peculiar difficulties. This work has been carried out during His Highness’ administration. Communication between the different parts of the State has been rendered easy and cheap by the construction of a system of light branch railways, and in many cases without the cession of the prerogative of plenary jurisdiction to the Government of India. The sanitation of towns and villages has been vastly improved by the institution of local municipal bodies under the direction (10) and control of special sanitary officers. By this means a spirit of local self-government is being fostered. The medical service has been greatly improved and augmented to afford medical relief to the subjects of the State, and a splendid hospital, named after the Countess of Dufferin, has been erected in the capital. In 1887, His Highness visited Europe, accom- panied by the Maharani, and, in England, he was treated with special honors as a guest of Her Majesty the Queen Empress. He had a personal interview with Her Majesty, and the title of G. C. S. I. was conferred on him, Her Majesty personally investing him with the insignia of the exalted order and subsequently presenting His Highness with a portrait of herself, set in diamonds. After spending twelve months abroad His Highness returned to his capital and was received by all classes of his subjects with expressions of unfeigned joy and pleasure. His Highness subsequently visited Europe on three or four occasions, and spent a few months abroad, these trips having been undertaken to recruit his health, which had been somewhat impaired by the close and unremitting attention he has paid to the duties of his administration. By these visits to England and foreign countries His Highness has been considerably benefited, not only in health, but also his sphere of knowledge has been much enlarged. His Highness possesses all the graces and virtues which go to make a good man and a wise and benevolent ruler. While extremely liberal in his views on most of the im- portant subjects of the day, he still retains a firm love for all the forms and customs of his native land which, in his opinion, are beneficial to the people of India. He has not de- nationalized himself in any way. He is extremely courteous and dignified; ever gentle yet firm; tolerant to criticism and iusensible to flattery. His Highness was married in 1880 to a princess of Tanjore, and the union was a very happy one, but to the intense grief of His Highness and people the Maharani died in 1885, leaving a son, Fatehsing, the heir apparent. His Highness the same year married the present Maharani, who was a member of the well- known Ghadgay family. Her Highness is an exceedingly lovely and accomplished lady. His Highness has, by her, three sons and one daughter. We conclude this short sketch with the earnest prayer that His Highness may long be spared to rule his subjects, as he has hitherto done, with justice and mercy; to be the true and constant ally of the British Government; the liberal patron of education and art and a model for all the princes of India. His Highness Sir Shahu Chhatrapati, G. C. S. I., Maharajah of Kholapur. Amongst the princes of Western India His Highness the Maharajah of Kholapur is one of the first. Shivaji,’’ the founder of the Mahratta power. In him is represented the great, and, to use Lord Harris’ words, ‘‘the immortal Sambhaji, the elder son of Shivaji, was executed by order of the great Mohammedan Emperor Aurangzebe and Sambhaji’s son, Shahu, who had been confined in prison, being liberated, established himself in Sattara and, despite the fact that Tarabai, the widow of Rajaram, had assumed, in the name of her son by Rajaram, the administration of Kholapur, Shahu claimed that she was an usurper and that he was entitled to the whole of Shivaji’s possessions. After the death of Tarabai’s son, Sambhaji, also a son of Rajaram, but by another wife, removed Tarabai from the head of affairs in Kholapur, assumed control and took active steps to resist Shahu’s claim. The dissensions between these descendants of Shivaji continued until 1731, when Shahu agreed to recognize Kholapur as a distinct and separate principality; he, however, to be recognized as the head of the house. In 1760, the last of Rajaram’s sons died and the direct male line of Shivaji became extinct in Kholapur. The Bhosle family, who were related on the female side, furnished a Rajah of Kholapur known as Shivaji II. Owing to the depredations of pirates on the sea coast of the State, and disputes with neighboring chiefs, the history of Kholapur for the years succeeding the accession of Shivaji II., to the Gadi was very unsettled. The British Government was compelled, in 1765 and 1792, to send expeditions against the State, with the result that the Rajah was compelled to compensate the merchants and trading classes of the State for the losses sustained by them during thirty years of unsettled and perilous times. In 1811, a treaty was entered into between the Kholapur Durbar and the British Government, and during the war between the English and Baji Rao, the last of the Peshwas, the Kholapur Rajah lent loyal and valuable assistance to the English arms and was rewarded by having certain territory restored to him which had been usurped by the Chief of Nipani. Shivaji II. was succeeded by a weak and profligate ruler, and so badly were the affairs of State managed that the English Government was compelled to send expeditions against it in 1822 and 1829. On the Rajah’s death, in 1838, a Council of Regency was appointed to conduct the State administration during the minority of the young prince, Shivaji IIL, but owing to internal dissensions the Council was not a success, and the British Government appointed a servant of their own as Minister of the State. This Minister’s efforts were (rightly or wrongly, it is not for us, after this lapse of time, to say which), not appreciated by the subjects, and a general rising, which spread to the adjacent State of Sawantwadi, took place. The British crushed the rebellion and caused all the State forts to be dismantled; the hereditary garrisons to be abolished; the State military force to be disbanded and a local corps to be formed instead. In 1862, a first treaty was entered into between Shivaji III. and the British Government, and it says much for the good faith of both the Kholapur Durbar and the British Government that, despite the thirty-four years which have elapsed since this treaty was signed, it has never been found necessary to even discuss the necessity of another in substitution for it. Shivaji III., having no heir, was allowed the right of adoption, and in 1866, when on his deathbed he exercised the right in favor of Rajaram, a son of his sister. The young Maharajah Rajaram, who gave every promise of being a wise and able ruler, decided, in 1870, to visit England and the Continent of Europe. After an extended tour " he, whilst on his return journey to India, was seized with illness and died at Florence, (11) greatly to the regret of the Paramount Power and his own Sirdars and subjects. The widow of the deceased Maharajah adopted a son and successor under the name of Shivaji IV., to her late husband’s throne. On the occasion of the Imperial Assemblage at Delhi, when the proclamation was made that Her Most Gracious Majesty the Queen had assumed the title of Empress of India, Shivaji IV. was created a Knight of the Most Exalted Order of the Star of India. Owing to mental incapacity having manifested itself in Shivaji IV., and a com- mittee of medical men having pronounced the opinion that His Highness was incapable of ruling and always would be so, it was decided to appoint a Regent and a Council of Regency. Jayasing Rao Abasaheb Ghatge, Chief of Kagal, and a cousin of the unfortunate Shivaji IV., was selected as Regent. Shivaji died in December, 1883, without heirs, and was succeeded by His Highness the present Maharajah, who is a son of the Regent Jayasingrao Abasaheb, Chief of Kagal. His Highness took the title of Shahu Chhatrapati. His Highness was born in 1873 and was, consequently, only ten years old at the time of his accession to the high and important station. The education of His Highness was entrusted to Mr. P. S. V. Fitzgerald, of the Bombay Political Department, under the Regent’s personal supervision. A few months before the Regent’s death he decided to send the young Maharajah to the Rajkumar College, at Rajkote, but the climate there not agreeing with the health of His Highness, it was decided to let him complete his education at Dharwar, and, accordingly, he proceeded there, where he, in company of his brother, the Chief of Kagal, and Kumar Bhausinghi, now His Highness the Thakore Saheb of Bhavnagar, were under the tutorship of Mr. S. M. Fraser, I. C. S. Three tours were made by the young princes to various parts of India and Ceylon. All places of interest were visited, and no doubt much good resulted from the tours, Zor His Highness was thus enabled to study the various types of the people of India and Ceylon, in addition to having the advantage of seeing the various systems of irrigation, cultivation, manufactures and trade pursued in India and Ceylon. Early in 1894, His Highness being then twenty-one years of age, it was decided to entrust the management of his State to him, and on the Second of April, in that year, Lord Harris, the then Gov- ernor of Bombay, performed the ceremony of installing His Highness on the Gadi. The installation took place in the magnificent Durbar Hall of the new palace and amongst others present were Mr. Whitworth, Colonel Hunter, Colonel Harris, Mr. Edgerly, I. C. S., Cap- tains Poore and Gabb, all the feudatory chiefs of Kholapur and the Sirdars, and representa- tives of most of the princes of India. The scene in the Durbar Hall was indeed a magnificent one. The rich and costly dresses of His Highness and his feudatory chiefs, the handsome uniforms of the English and native officials, were dazzling, whilst a further charm was lent to the occasion by the presence in the gallery of a numerous party of richly dressed ladies. His Excellency Lord Harris (than whom England has never sent a worthier representative to preside over the destinies of the Bombay Presidency) said infer alia: ‘‘Your Highness, ladies and gentlemen, I deem myself fortunate that, during my tenure of office as Governor of His HiGHNEss Sik SHAHU CHHATRAPATI, G. C. S. I., MAHARAJAH OF KHOLAPUR. (x2) Bombay, it falls to me to confirm the pledge which the Paramount Power gave to the people of Kholapur when it selected your Highness to succeed to the throne which you and your ancestors have derived from the immortal Shivaji. I can well understand, sir, that after an experience of the misfortunes that have attended your house for thirty years the people of this State have been anxiously, perhaps impatiently, looking forward to the day when the rightful heir should ascend the throne. I congratulate them that the day has arrived and that it is brightened by the fact that their future ruler is a prince of your Highness’s high and "amiable character. Your Highness has traveled over the length and breadth of India and to the neighboring British colony of Ceylon. You have not been able, as yet, to carry out your father’s wishes that you should visit England, though I doubt not you regard that expression with a reverence befitting the solemnity of the occasion and the circumstances under which it found vent; but you have seen for yourself many systems of administration, both in British and native State territory, and it will be for your Highness to decide what your system here is to be. For the moment you have decided—and wisely, I think, in order that no interruption to the orderly performance of public business may occur—not to disestablish the Council, in so far as it is one of advice, or of administration, though, of course, its Power which guides the destinies of all, both great and humble, so direct your acts that they . may earn for you that greatest reward of a wise ruler, and the respect and the affection of a * own personal welfare. existence as one of Regency expires when your Highness seats yourself on the Gadi; and : though its composition must change itself in so far as the Political Agent, who could not well have a seat on it, is concerned, you propose to retain it for the moment as a Council of advisers until you have decided what form your system shall take. Sir, in this important matter I think you should be untrammeled by that political advice which, under your treaty engagements, you are bound to accept. For friendly advice, if you think you need it, you can turn to many quarters; but your Highness should understand that the responsibility for the selection you may eventually make rests with yourself, and in that selection the most important that can fall to the lot of a ruler, I pray that your Highness may be guided by an influence more potent, more beneficial than any to be met with on this earth. Your High- ness, I have dealt with the past and the future, and there only remains for me to deal with the present object of our assembly. It is my pleasing duty to convey to your Highness the congratulations of His Excellency the Viceroy upon the happy occasion, and to announce to your Highness’ Sirdars and people that the British Government entrusts, to-day, to their lawful ruler the administration of the Kholapur State, thereby conveying the gracious assur- ance of the interest which Her Majesty the Queen Empress takes in the perpetuation of native rule. In making that announcement I also express myself confident that your Highness recognizes the solemn nature of the trust which now devolves upon you; of your responsi- bility to uphold, and have regard for the riglits of the Jagirdars and other subjects to your rule; that your Highness recognizes the value of the advice which the Political Agent is by treaty bound to render to you, and that your Highness recognizes the fact that the surest foundation upon which the prosperity of a ruler can rest is the welfare of his people and a just and progressive administration. In leading your Highness to that throne to which your people will in future look for wisdom, sympathy and justice, let me advise you to rule without fear and without favor, and to think only of the right, and may that Almighty (13) contented people.’ His Highness replied to His Excellency in an exceedingly thoughtful speech, in the course of which he said: — ‘‘Your Excellency—I need hardly say that it is with the closest attention that I have listened to the weighty words of advice in which your Excellency has done me the great honor of handing over to my charge the care of my State. In so doing your Excellency has alluded to the chief events of recent minorities, which evidence the rapid progress made in Kholapur during the past thirty years, and it is with sincere gratitude that I acknowledge the obliga- tions under which I lie to the Government of Her Majesty the Queen Empress—obligations both for the care of my State and for the measures taken from my childhood to ensure my Looking to what has been done in the State, it is not too much to say that the Kholapur of the present is a different place from the Kholapur of the last generation, and having seen something of the greater part of India, I venture to think that few chiefs have succeeded to a better ordered inheritance than I do to-day. For this I tender my thanks to the various Political Agents appointed by Government who have supervised, and to my able Dewan, Khan Bahadur Mehrjibhai Kuvarjee, C. I. E., and the Council who have successfully carried on the administration during my minority. Nor can I on such an occasion pass over in silence the debt that I owe to my lamented father, the late Resident of Kholapur. And, much as I have to thank Government for the watchful eye they have kept upon the progress of this State, not less must I acknowl- edge the direct and personal interest taken in my own bringing up by the Governors of Bombay, Sir James Fergusson and Lord Reay, and continued so kindly by your Excellency. To this I owe it that, for nearly five years, I have had the great advantage of the guardianship of Mr. Fraser, a friend about whom I will here only say that my brother and myself will owe him a lifelong debt for the able, conscientious and almost fatherly care which he has devoted to preparing us to fill worthily the positions in life that lie before us; that but for his abilities, zeal, conscientious work, and uncommon tact, I should not have been what 1 am; and that it would not be too much to say that he has taken fatherly care of my brother and myself. With regard to the future, it is with full sincerity that I declare my intention to show loyalty to Her Gracious Majesty the Queen-Empress, and to faithfully abide by the engagements, treaties and sunnuds which regulate my relations to the Para- mount Power. Further, as regards my people, while recognizing all that has already been done and the favorable circumstances under which I begin my rule, at the same time I understand fully that, in Government, there is no standing still, that a serious and solemn task lies before me, not only to preserve for my subjects the benefits they already enjoy, but to ensure further steady progress in the promotion of their welfare.”’ His Highness has nobly carried out the policy of reform and progress enunciated in this speech, and to-day can pride himself on ruling over a State which, as regards the happi- ness and prosperity of the people, the law and order maintained, the advance of education and the breaking down of injurious customs and caste distinctions is not exceeded by any portion of the Indian Empire. The State of Kholapur is situated between seventeen degrees, ten minutes, fifteen seconds and fifteen degrees, fifty minutes, twenty seconds north latitude and seventy-four degrees, forty-four minutes, eleven seconds and seventy-three degrees, forty- three minutes, sixteen seconds east longitude. The area is 2853 square miles, including the outlying districts of Rajbag and Katkol in the east and southeast respectively The popu- lation of the State, according to the latest census, is 913,131, of whom 822,252 are Hindoos, There are 1079 villages in the State. The gross 50,896 Jains and 38,272 Mohammedans. annual revenue amounts to 34,00,000 rupees. The territory is divided into six Talukas, viz., Karvir, Alta, Shirol, Gad Hinglaz, Bhudergad and Panhalla, and there are also eleven feudatory States, the chiefs of which pay a Nazar to the Kholapur Durbar when a ruler ascends the throne, as well as a small annual contribution. The principal of these States are Vishalgad in the northwest, Bavada in the west, Kagal in the centre and Kapshi and Ichalkaranji in the south. The Kholapur territory is an irregular belt of the Deccan plateau lying along the east of the crest of the Sajhyadri, about sixty-five miles from north to south and eight to fifty from west to east. The general contour of the country is hilly and pleas- antly diversified by tracts of brushwood and deep romantic valleys. The hills run east and west, their tops crowned with the historic forts of Bavada, Bhudergad, Panhalla, Rangua and Vishalgad. The chief feature of the Kholapur country is the excellent way in which it is watered by the eight rivers, Krishna, Varna, Panchganga, Doohdganga, Vedganga, Hirangakeshi, Galprabha and the Mulprabha, all of which abound in capital fish. The leading agricultural products are rice, millet, sugar cane, tobacco and cotton. Great deposits of iron ore exist in the State, but, owing to the want of fuel close to the deposits, it is at present impossible to work them with any hope of profit. The manufactures are hardware, coarse cotton and woolen cloth. In the southern portion of the territory the geological formation is sandstone and quartzite, but the general formation is like the rest of the Deccan plateau. The climate is exceedingly temperate, as a rule, but in April, May and June the hot easterly winds are trying. The capital of the State is Kholapur, situated about 144 miles southeast of Poona and seventy miles from Sattara. The town can boast of many ancient temples and Buddhist remains. Amongst the latter, the most prominent is the temple of Ambabai, built of black stone and most delicately carved on the interior and exterior. This temple, it is said, was built in the twelfth century, the style of architecture being Jain. Many lovely modern buildings attest to the liberality and large-mindedness of His Highness and his lamented father, the late Regent. The Albert Edward Hospital, the Rajaram College, and the new palace of His Highness add greatly to the beauty of the city. His Highness is a firm believer in the maxim that ‘cleanliness is next to godliness,’’ and any one visiting the city of Kholapur, after experiencing the horrors of Poona City and the capitals of some of the native States, cannot but wish that the autocratic form of rule, as distinguished from the masterly policy of inactivity, which distinguishes some of the local corporations, more widely prevailed in India. It may, with the greatest confidence be said (14) that Kholapur (both the city and cantonments) has the best roads, the cleanest lanes and byways, and is the best laid out city of all the country in the Bombay Presidency, excluding only Baroda. His Highness is a typical Mahratta, of fine stature and commanding presence, and is, indeed, a worthy representative of those Mahratta warriors who, in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, made the people of the Bombay Presidency tremble, and whose victorious raids only ceased at the ocean on the east coast of India. To-day, Circular Road, once the celebrated Mahratta Ditch outside Calcutta, bears silent and eloquent testimony to the power of a race which only found its match in the stern and ever-victorious English soldiers. His Highness, as it is desirable that one of a warrior race should be, is fond of all kinds of athletic and field sports, and has frequently displayed his prowess at Dharwar, Chinchli and Kholapur, where he has won many prizes for his skill in riding, driving and tent-pegging. The most notable ride performed by His Highness was one from Kholapur to Mahableshwar, a distance of 110 miles. This distance was covered in nine hours, including all stoppages. His Highness takes a warm-hearted and liberal interest in the welfare of his subjects and is ever ready to adopt any scheme having for its object the improvement of their condition. The system of forced supplies which greatly oppressed the ryot, has been abol- ished. benefited the State officials, both as regards promotion and increase of salary. The subject An amalgamation of the different departments of the State service has greatly of education has received great attention from His Highness, and a committee has been appointed to report to His Highness what changes, in its opinion, are desirable and neces- sary to further the cause of education. We believe His Highness contemplates establishing an agricultural Bank to lend aid, at a low rate of interest, to the agricultural classes, and to render financial assistance to those who desire to start profitable industries in the State. His Highness is simple and unassuming in manner, and it is only after a time that one learns what excellent qualities of head and heart he possesses. Although His Highness duly ascended the throne in April, 1894, his administration has given such unbounded satisfac- tion to the British Raj that, in the latter part of 1894, His Highness was created a Knight Grand Commander of the Most Exalted Order of the Star of India, the decoration being carried out by His Excellency Lord Sandhurst. His Highness was married on the first of April, 1892, to Lakshmibai Saheb, a granddaughter of a sister of His Highness the late Gan- patrao Maharaj, Gaekwar of Baroda, and has issue two daughters. His Highness holds a patent of adoption and is entitled to a salute of nineteen guns. That His Highness may long be spared to rule his State and subjects is the fervent prayer of all well wishers to India, for, though ever mindful of his undoubted rights and privileges, he is the consistent and loyal friend of the British Government, and it cannot be doubted that it is mainly on the support of the native princes of India that the foundations of the British Empire, in India, rest. His Highness is a wise and a benevolent ruler, a kind and generous friend, a true and virtuous man in every relation of life, and we wish him a long, happy and prosperous reign. His Highness Maharao Sir Khengarji Bahadoor, G. C. I. E., Rao of Cutch. His Highness, who is a Jadeja Rajput, is the eldest son of His Highness, the late Sir Prayajalmi, G. C. I. E., and was born in 1866, and succeeded his father in 1876. During the minority of the young Rao, the affairs of his State were administered by a Council of Regency consisting of the Political Agent as President, the Dewan Sahib, a member representing the interest of the Durbar, a Jadeja Rajput and a member of the mercantile community. The young Rao received a liberal education, having for his tutors Messrs. Chotalal Sewakram, Rao Sahib Dalpatram Pranjiwan Khakhar, and subsequently Captain Wray as an English tutor. His Highness was studiously inclined and embraced the educa- tional opportunities afforded him and is consequently to-day one of the most cultured, advanced and enlightened native rulers of India. In 1877 Sir Richard Temple, the then Governor of Bombay, visited Cutch and expressed himself as much gratified at the ease and accuracy with which the Rao could converse in English. His Highness was admitted at the early age of sixteen into the Council of Administration, and on the eleventh of August, 1384, having attained his eighteenth year, was invested with full powers over his State. He was installed on the Gadi on the fourteenth of November, 1884, by Sir James Fergusson, the then Governor of Bombay, in a grand Durbar held at Bhuj, the capital of the State; and in the - following year a Durbar was held in order to invest His Highness with the hereditary distinction of Sawai Bahadoor, a title which many years ago was conferred by the Para- mount Power on the rulers of Cutch. His Highness proceeded to England on the occasion of the jubilee of Her Most Gracious Majesty the Queen Empress (1887), to represent the princes of the Bombay Presi- dency, and to convey from them expressions of loyalty and congratulation. He had the honor of an audience with Her Majesty who, on this occasion, created the Rao a Knight Grand Commander of the Indian Empire. His Highness fully realizes the fact that if the people of India are ever to take their place amongst the leading nations of the world the women must first be educated and raised from the degraded and debased position they now occupy, consequently he takes the keenest interest in the subject of Female Education, and has spent large sums of money in his State in founding and endowing girls’ schools, also scholarships for females, the principal ones of which are a scholarship for Cutchi females attending the Grant Medical College, Bombay; the ‘‘Cutch Barton’’ Scholarship for Cutch females attending the training college at Ahmedabad or Rajkot; ‘‘Scholarship for female assistant teachers at Bhuj,’’ the ‘‘Rao Shri Khengarji Scholarships’’ and one for girls attending the High School at Poona. He has also established a Sanskrit School or Pathshala at a cost of 25,000 rupees and named it after his mother; he also founded the Fergusson Museum and Library at Bhuj, as a memorial of the Governorship of Sir James Fergusson, at a cost of 32,000 rupees. Scholarships of various amounts have been given by the Rao for deserving though poor students, and a fund from which scholars are sent to England or America owes its inauguration to the liberality of the Rao; scholarships have also been founded for Cutchis attending the Veterinary College at Bombay, the Veterinary School at Poona and the College of Science at the same place; also scholarships open to any citizen of Bombay attending the Ripon Technical School; annual prizes are also given to those qualifying for any professional function in connection with a mill. The scholarships for Cutchis resident in Bombay have been established at a cost of 25,000 rupees. Many standard English works have been translated into Gujarati at the expense of His Highness, who in doing so has a double object, for not only are the master minds of English authors revealed to the people of India who have not acquired a knowledge of English, but literary men are also supported and encouraged. Considerable improvements in public works have been effected during His Highness’ reign and the construction of roads, the pier and reclamation works have received special attention; a sum of 6,624,672 rupees has been spent by the Durbar since His Highness’ accession to the Gadi. Strenuous efforts have been made in the reclamation of waste lands, and during the past nineteen years 83,890 acres of land of this description have been brought under the plough and ninety new villages have been established in Cutch. The area of the State is 6500 square miles, and the population 558,415, of whom the majority are Hindoos, the Mohammedans numbering 138,492 and the Jains 71,689. A military force of 354 cavalry, 1425 infantry and 164 guns is maintained by the State. His Highness is entitled to a salute of seventeen guns. (15) His HicuENESS MAHARAO SiR KHENGARJI BAHADUR, G. C. I. E., : Rao or CurcH. (91) His Hicuwess THE LaTe Raval Sm Tagen, CG. C. 8S. 1, LL.D. MAHARAJAH OF BHAVNAGAR. His Highness the Late Raval Sir Takhtsingji, G. C. S. L., LL. D., Maharaja of Bhavnagar. Bhavnagar is the most important and the most advanced of the native States of Kathiawar. From a very early date it became friendly with the British authorities. It was the pioneer of civilization and administrative activity in the peninsula and has ever set an admirable example to the neighboring chiefs in the spread of education, in the prosecution of public works, in the development of commerce and in the adoption of measures generally conducive to the welfare of its subjects. His Highness the late Maharaja belonged to the Gohil clan of Rajputs and traces his descent from the great Shalivahan. He was born in 1858, and was but twelve years old when his father, His Highness Jaswatsingji, died. During his minority the State was administered by a regency, composed of a British officer and the Minister, Azan Gaurishanker Oodeshanker, C. S. IL who joined the Rajkumar College at Rajkote in 1871, where he studied for about three years, He was one of the first princes during which time he was distinguished among the pupils for his diligence, his docile and amiable disposition and his ready observance of the rules and regulations of the college. He was a favorite with both his fellow pupils and his teachers. He left college in 1875, and was placed under the care of Captain (now Lieutenant-Colonel) H. I.. Nutt, to be instructed in special subjects relating to the high office he expected to fill. He subsequently undertook a tour in India with his tutor. In 1874 His Highness married four wives, more than one spouse being allowed by custom among the Rajputs. The present ruler of Bhavnagar was born in the following year, and was named Bhavsingji. In 1875 the late Maharaja proceeded to Bombay to pay his respects to the Prince of Wales, and in 1877 he attended the On his return from Delhi, and to commemorate the assumption by Her Majesty of the title of Delhi Imperial Assemblage, where his salute was raised from eleven to fifteen guns. Empress of India, His Highness gave 1, 14,000 rupees for building the Kaisar-i-Hind bridge His Highness was installed on April 5, 1878, the ceremony One of the first subjects that engaged the attention of His Highness on attaining his majority was the over the Aji River at Rajkote. being performed by the political agent Mr. (now Sir) J. B. Peile, K. C. S. L question of railway communication. Bhavnagar was, perhaps, better situated at that time in the matter of communication than most of the other States of Kathiawar. It has an extensive seaboard and the liberal public works policy of the previous few years had provided the district with some excellent roads. At the same time a railway was needed for the development of the resources of the State, and for supplying grain to districts where road and water carriage would be of small service in periods of famine. A railway was needed and when the project came before His Highness for consideration he gave it his cordial support. The flourishing condition of the finances enabled the State to take up the work without difficulty, but the magnitude of the scheme might have induced a less liberal man than the late Maharaja Saheb to shrink from such an undertaking. The nearest available railway station, at that time, was Wadwan, the terminal station of the Bombay Baroda and Central India Railway, one hundred and four miles distant. After due deliberation the schemes for a metre gauge line from Bhavnagar to Wadwan and a branch line from Dhola to Dhoraji were adopted. While approving the offer made by His Highness for the construction of the railway the Government of Bombay observed that, ‘‘ Whatever the ultimate decision may be, Government need not hesitate to convey to His Highness, the Thakore Saheb of Bhavnagar, an expression of their cordial appreciation of the public spirited and enlightened manner in which he has furthered this important undertaking.’’ commenced in March, 1879, and was carried on with such commendable vigor that by the The work of construction was eighth of June, 1880, the main line from Bhavnagar to Wadwan was completed and a few 2 (17) months later the branch line from Dhola junction to Dhoraji had been extended. The cost of these lines was nearly ninety-five lacs of rupees. The principal portion of this sum, viz, Rs. 70,98,642 was provided by the Bhavnagar State. In the closing days of 1880 a large and distinguished gathering assembled at the capital to witness the formal opening of the Bhavnagar Gondal State Railway by Sir James Fergusson, then Governor of Bombay. His Excellency in his reply to the address presented by the Maharaja, expressed the pleasure he felt at assisting in the inauguration of an undertaking which did so much honor to His Highness’ foresight and public spirit. He expressed his pleasure at having made the acquaintance of His Highness of whom he had heard nothing but good. The festivities extended over several days, terminating with a grand banquet at His Highness’ palace, at which one hundred and twenty guests were present. At this gathering Sir James Fergusson proposed the Maharaja Saheb’s health, and eulogized the efforts he had made for the improvement of the State. ; ‘To-day,’ said Sir James Fergusson, ‘‘I have come, not to do any work of my own, but to pay a tribute of honor and respect to one who has done so much for his State. You all know better than myself how much His Highness the Thakore Saheb has done for his State and people. He has taken advantage of the opportunities given him to improve and strengthen his mind for the important duties of life, and from the time he assumed the administration of his State he has gladly adopted and heartily promoted the works which he already found begun, and has, by these means, raised himself to the front rank of princes who have distinguished themselves by public usefulness. I do not speak unadvisedly when I say that few within so short a period have done so much really calculated to promote the welfare of those over whom they are placed. It is most gratifying to think that he has so thoroughly realized the duties and responsibilities of his position, and in future years he will have no more pleasing recollection than to know that he has done so much good and contributed so largely to the welfare of others. It is much better than if he had spent his ample fortune for his own enjoyment. I should do wrong if I spoke as if he made a sacrifice of his own enjoyment in thus dealing with his revenues, for I am sure that by promoting the welfare of those around him and seeing a happy and contented people he derives his best and truest enjoyment. I wish most heartily and expect confidently that his liberality and enterprise will not only promote the benefit of his people, but will ensure an ample return for himself.’ This hearty commendation of His Highness’ public spirit and enterprise was fully endorsed by subsequent speakers, who hailed the completion of the railway as the com- Shortly after the opening of the railway Her Majesty the Queen Empress conferred upon His Highness the mencement of a new era of enlightenment and progress for Kathiawar. distinction of Knight Commander of the Most Exalted Order of the Star of India, in public recognition of his great services to the country in carrying out the undertaking. The founder of the ruling house of Bhavnagar was Seja Kji, who migrating into Saurashtra, the ancient name of Kathiawar, established his sway in the heart of the province and gradually extended it by conquest and finally not only established his own sovereignty, but also gave villages to his sons. Twentieth in descent from this chief was Bhavsingii, who in 1723 founded the present capital of Bhavnagar. Bhavsingii was a well-trained and intelligent representative of the time, and his sagacity was fully exemplified by his choice of a site for the seat of government. During a long reign, extending over sixty years, Bhavsingji devoted his attention to the consolidation of his power in the Kathiawar peninsula and, when he died, in 1764, the trade of the State had grown to large dimensions, the town of Bhavnagar affording a convenient outlet for the products of the district. Bhavsingji’s enlightened policy was imitated by the two succeeding princes, Raval Akerajji and Vakhtsingji, and the State soon became one of the leading powers of the province, whose friendship was assiduously sought by the British merchant princes. The growing development of the principality appears to have cemented this friendship, for, during the reign of the former prince the Bhavnagar forces, on more than one occasion, co-operated with the imperial army in suppressing the piratical bodies which infested the adjacent coasts. This connection was maintained until the British Government secured a more substantial interest in the State by the acquisition of the rights which the Peshwa and the Gaekwar exercised of levying tribute upon the Bhavnagar chiefs. From that time the British Government established intimate relations with the Bhavnagar Darbar. One of the best of the later princes was His Highness Jaswatsingji, the father of the late Maharajah. As has already been mentioned he was a man of sound common sense and consistent loyalty to the paramount power. During the Mutiny he was among the first to offer the British Govern- ment all the assistance he could command. His loyalty was rewarded by the bestowal of a Knight Commandership of the Star of India, an honor which he was the first prince in Kathiawar to receive. Though the province over which His Highness Sir Takhtsingji ruled, nominally ranks third in the list of the first-class States. It is the most prosperous State in Kathiawar. The territories are 2860 square miles in extent and have a population now of 4,65,000 souls. The revenue is upward of 40,00,000 rupees (£400,000). In 1894 the trade of Bhavnagar amounted to 21,89,716 rupees. His late Highness devoted a considerable part of the State revenue to education and to public works. From the year 1878 (when His Highness was installed) up to the time of his death, His Highness spent over Rs. 1,25,00,000 (£1,250,000) on public works, exclusive of the large outlay on the railway. Amongst the more prominent buildings erected in Bhavnagar during the regency and since the accession of His Highness to the Gadi, may be mentioned the palaces, courts of justice, high school, Sir Takhtsingji Hospital, clock tower, Samaldas College, Majiraj Marble Chatri, Majiraj Girls’ School, the fire paddocks, the excellent stables and barracks for the location of the Imperial service troops, the Takhtsingji Dharamsalla, the guest houses and the Takhteshwar Temple, together with excellent fruit and vegetable markets and other buildings. The city also contains many beautiful parks and gardens. Amongst the recent additions to the educational institutions may be mentioned the establishment of the Samaldas Arts College, at the capital, founded in honor of the memory of the late Minister, Mr. Samaldas Parmanandas, in whom the prince had an able and faithful Dewan, and the British Raj a loyal and consistent friend. The foundation-stone of the institution was laid by Sir James Fergusson during his visit to Kathiawar and the fine building of the college was opened with due ceremony by Lord Reay. The college has been affiliated to the University of Bombay, and graduates every year a number of students. As a token of the affectionate remembrance in which the Maharaja held his Alma Mater the Rajkumar College at Rajkote, he presented the handsome sum of 1,00,000 rupees for adding a wing to the building, and also provided funds for a beautiful cricket pavilion. To supply the city with water a large lake, popularly called the Gaga Talao has been constructed with an expense of Rs. 3,358,000. The State has lately been provided with a steam ferry, barges, dredger and other appliances for the improvement of commerce. The prince, during his life, broke through many of the orthodox customs of his people and was recognized as a social reformer. He not only founded girls’ schools in his dominions, but sent his daughters to be educated with those of his subjects. The girls’ schools in the city of Bhavnagar are under the supervision of an experienced European lady, who is assisted by two other European ladies and a number of female and male teachers. To His Highness is due the credit of making suitable arrangements for teaching English to young ladies. He was one of those princes whose name is always before the public in connection with their liberal assistance to deserving objects. One of his recent gifts was his magnificent donation of Rs. 1,00,000 to the Northbrook Indian Club, established in London for the promotion of social intercourse and friendly feeling between the people of England and India. Another princely gift was of a lac of rupees to a fund started in Bombay for nurses which, at His Highness’ request, has been called the Lady Reay Fuad for Nurses. This fund, the amount of which is paid into the hands of the Accountant General, is administered by a Board of Trust in Bombay. In 1886 the Queen Empress conferred on His Highness the order of Grand Commander of the Star of distinction, just as his father was the first to be honored with that of K. C. 8. I. The administration of Bhavnagar State is mainly conducted on the same lines as that of the British Government, and can boast of all the necessary details of a well-ordered and progressive system of rule, which has elicited commendation from every distinguished European visitor to the capital, as well as from the paramount power. In all his adminis- trative measures the prince was ably and faithfully assisted by the late lamented Minister, Mr. Samaldas Parmanandas and, after his death, by his son, Mr. Vithaldas, the present Minister, whose photo we present later in this volume. In 1887 His Highness, the Maharaja, found that the burden of administering such an important and ever growing State as Bhavnagar was more than one man could fairly be expected to cope with. He therefore devised a scheme by which greater decentralization, combined with increased efficiency, could be effected and divided the duties of the various departments among four councillors, of whom the Dewan is senior, the other members taking their orders direct from him. The limited space at our disposal forbids any attempt on our part to do full justice to the deserts of the late Maharaja, or to enumerate his various benefactions, and it must suffice to observe that this ruler of a ‘‘model native State,’’ which is the distinctive epithet applied to Bhavnagar, was one of those princes of whom India and Europe may well be proud. On his last visit to Bhavnagar Lord Harris, in his speech addressing the Maharaja Saheb, said, among other things: ‘“Therefore, apart from those feelings of private friendship which exist between us, I may justifiably say, as I have already said, I wish your Highness a long life, because I feel, from my official experience, that your Highness’ administration is to the distinct advantage of your own subjects and to the distinct support of the Government of India.”’ In March, 1890, His Royal Highness, the late Duke of Clarence, honored His Highness, the Maharaja Saheb, with a visit to his capital, and also by laying the foundation-stone of the new port of Kathiawar, which is called Albert Victor after the Prince. To His Highness belongs the credit of taking a remarkable step in advance of his brother chiefs by codifying the laws of the State. To the initiation of His Highness is owing the magnificent buildings at Rajkote called the Memorial Institute, the central hall of which has, on His Highness’ proposal, been called the Connaught Darbar Hall, to commemorate the visit of their Royal Highnesses, the Duke and Duchess of Connaught. On the first of January, 1891, His Excel- lency, the Viceroy and Governor-General, was pleased to confer on His Highness the title of Maharaja, as a personal distinction, in further recognition of the high esteem of Government, and their appreciation of his excellent administration. It gave His Highness genuine pleasure and satisfaction to be able to fulfill, in 1893, his long cherished desire of paying his personal homage to Her Majesty, the Queen Empress, to whose person and throne His Highness yielded to none in loyalty and devotion; and also in having been able to be present at the ceremony of opening the Imperial Institute, in the inception and growth of which he had taken special interest. As the time of His Highness’ departure for Europe drew near the deep feeling of loyalty and devotion to His Highness was manifested by his subjects of all castes and creed, who took advantage of the opportunity to publicly give some tangible shape to their feelings, and of expressing their sincere sentiments of gratitude for the innumerable acts of kindness and benevolence they had received at His Highness’ hands, and also to commemorate His Highness’ visit to England. With this object in view, they, by calling a public meeting, raised a fund and passed resolutions to give effect to their desire by erecting a marble statue to His Highness. A deputation waited on His Highness and requested him to accept their offer and to give a sitting to some good artist during his stay in England. His Highness left Bombay on the eighth of April and returned on the second of September, 1893. He fully enjoyed his stay and carried away with him very many happy recollections of the kindly treatment he received from Her Majesty the Queen Empress, the members of the royal family, the members of Her Majesty’s Government and other distinguished personages. His Highness was present at the brilliant ceremony of the opening of the Imperial Institute, and attended almost all the public functions such as receptions, garden parties, State balls, etc., and had the pleasure of being elected an honorary member of the United Service Club and the Naval and Military Club. In recognition of his great aid to educational institutions in India the University of Cambridge conferred on him the honorary degree of LL. D. His Highness made a present of £200 to the India, he being the first and, as yet, the only prince of Kathiawar who has received this (18) University, which the Council of the Senate utilized in founding a medal to be called the Bhavnagar Medal. His Highness, who gave liberal donations and prizes to several institu- tions, was present at the wedding of His Royal Highness the Duke of York and Her Serene Highness Princess Victoria May of Teck. On his return to Bombay His Highness was gratified to find awaiting him an autograph letter from Her Majesty the Queen Empress, accompanied by a miniature of herself, set in diamonds as a souvenir of his visit. On his return to his capital His Highness received several addresses of welcome from his subjects. He was deeply touched at such a loyal and enthusiastic reception, which was unprecedented in the annals of the State. The loyalty of His Highness was second to none in India. He had, at a cost of over five lacs of rupees, and at an annual cost of nearly two lacs of rupees, formed, for imperial service, a regiment of lancers, three hundred strong, chiefly of his own clan and of which he was honorary colonel. He was the first amongst the chiefs of Kathiawar to offer aid in the cause of the imperial defence. In accepting his offer Government cordially thanked him for his loyal desire to contribute to the cause of the imperial defence. In a speech delivered on the seventeenth of April, 1892, His Excellency, Lord Harris, addressing His Highness the Maharaja Saheb, said infer alia : ‘‘But, sir, having witnessed all your Highness has done in various ways there still remains another matter I should like to refer to which excites a warmer and deeper interest in me than any of the others, because I am able on this occasion amongst many who have the advantage of a frequent acquaintance with your Highness to thank you for the patriotic services you have rendered to Her Majesty the Queen Empress by the recruitment of the Imperial Corps of Lancers which I have the honor of inspecting to-day. I am sure that your Highness, who came forward with the true instincts of a Rajput when the idea of the imperial service corps started and offered to establish a transport corps, does not now regret that you did me the honor of taking my advice that it would be better to set up a corps of cavalry in preference to a transport corps. I am sure, sir, you must have been pleased to see to-day the smart appearance the men presented at parade, the very fairly accurate knowledge of the drill they showed despite the short time they have been recruited, and their muscular and generally satisfactory physical appearance which must have struck all onlookers. I am convinced your Highness will agree with me that Captain Forbes is to be warmly compli- mented on all he has done in the short time he has been here, and it will be equally gratifying to your Highness to hear that Captain Forbes says he has never found men more willing to learn or more anxious to make themselves soldiers than those Rajputs he has had the opportunity of recruiting in your Highness’ State. In these circumstances it is a sincere pleasureto me to be able amongst those who rightly regard it an honor to consider themselves your friends to thank you for the public and patriotic services you have rendered Her Majesty the Queen Empress in providing this Imperial Corps of Lancers, etc. I can assure you that I view with the greatest pleasure and satisfaction the efforts your Highness is making to establish a thoroughly sound system of administration in your State; to arouse a spirit of patriotism amongst your people and at the same time to show yourself the greatest loyalty possible to Her Majesty the Queen Empress.’ His Highness died very suddenly on the twenty-ninth of January, 1896. He will be greatly missed by his many friends in India and in England while the Bhavnagar State mourns the loss of one of the most enlightened and progressive rulers that India has known, ‘‘And take him for all in all we shall never look upon his like again.”’ We can ask no more of the present ruler than that he may prove a worthy successor to his father and there is every reason for hoping that the just and equitable rule of the late Maharajah will be continued by the son and that Bhavnagar will continue to be known as a ‘‘ Model State.’’ (19) VITHALDAS, DEWAN SAHEB OF BHAVNAGAR. (oz) His HicH 15S BHAVSINH]I, MAHARAJA SAHEB OF BHAVNAGAR. His Highness Bhavsinhji, Maharaja Saheb of Bhavnagar. The history of the BRavnaghr State shows what may be achieved by a spirit of military enterprise coupled with tact and sagacity. It also fully illustrates the fact that when rulers direct their attention to reforming the predatory habits of their subjects, it is possible to afford security to person and property; to protect and foster commerce and trade, and to administer their states on wise and liberal principles. The fragments of a small principality can thus be con- solidated and turned into a model, well-governed Native State. ‘T'o write the lives of the predecessors of His Highness would be to write the history of the illustrious tribe, or clan, of the Gohel Rajputs of Kathiawad, of which he is the Chief, and after which the eastern part of the province of Kathiawad is called, ‘‘ Gohilwad.” The term Gohel is a sanskrit compound, ‘‘Go,”’ signifying strength—the efficient cause; and ‘‘¢/e,”’ the earth. The bardic accounts are believed, to some extent, to be trustworthy records. The Gohels are said to be descended from the celebrated Pandavs, who belonged to the Lunar or Chandravausi race. They trace their line from the celebrated Shalivahan, the founder of the Shaka era. Still Colonel Todd and others assert that the Gohels belong to the Solar race, and to the same family as the illus- trious house of the Maharana of Udaipur. The old family title of ‘‘ Rawal ”’ was earned (page 258 of Todd’s Western India) at the memorable battle of Chitor—the palladium of Hinduism— which was fought with Ala-ud-din Khilji in A. D. 1303. There are evidences, going as far back as A. D. 812, which show that the Gohels ruled in Saurashtra (Kathiawad) from a very remote time. From a time anterior to the reign of Alamgir II., Emperor of Delhi, who confirmed the English in the kiladari of Surat, a very close feeling of friendship existed between the rulers of Bhavnagar and the British authorities. Colonel Walker, the late British Resident at the Court of Baroda, made the permanent tribute settlement with the Chiefs of the different states of Kathiawad. In his report to the Bombay Government, dated December 12, 1807, he says that at the time (about 1742-43) when the disturbances, preceding the decline of the Mogal Empire, made piracy rampant and almost effaced the sea-borne trade of the Western coast of India by piracy and exactions, the littoral from Cambay to the Indus was one continu- ous scene of lawless rapine. It was then that the rulers of Bhavnagar succeeded in dealing a deathblow to these predatory oppressions and in reforming those of their own subjects who were tempted to join in the same. ‘From that period,” Colonel Walker says, ‘‘ we are to date the intercourse of the Chiefs of Bhavnagar with the Government of Bombay; and, ata time when the resources and commerce of the Presidency were more limited than at present, the friendship of the Chieftain of Bhavnagar seems to have been cultivated with assiduity and atten- tion.”” And we may add that the friendship has gone on increasing year by year till the present time. His Highness Bhavsinhji (Bhavsinhji II.) Maharaja Saheb of Bhavnagar was born on Fifth Chaitra Vad Samwat 1931, corresponding with April 26, 1875. His education was begun early. Being anxious that he should join his own alma mater, the late Maharaja Saheb, his father, sent him to the Rajkumar College at Rajkot when he was only nine vears of ‘age, and where he soon began to create a very favorable impression by the attention and care with which he prosecuted his studies. During the period of four and a half years which he spent at the college he won the golden opinions of his masters, and gained the friendship of the various princes at the college, which he still retains. Under certain circumstances—in no way connected with the college—it was deemed judicious by His Highness the late Maharaja Saheb that in his further education his son should have the advantage of a special tutor, and an arrangement was accordingly made with the Government of Bombay by which he, together with His Highness the Maharaja of Kolhapur, was placed under the guardianship of Mr. S. M. Fraser, I. C. S., at Dharwar, where he remained till February, 1893, a period of three years and nine months. The following extract from the Kathiawad Administration Report for the year 1889-90, speaks for itself : ‘His Highness’s heir, Kumar Shri Bhavsinhji, has for the year been resident at Dhar- war, where in company with the Rajah of Kolhapur and the Chief of Kagal, he is studying under the care and guardianship of Mr. Fraser, of the Bombay Civil Service. The improve- ment in his manners and knowledge of colloquial English is patent to any one who knew him before, and Mr. Fraser's report may be considered as eminently satisfactory. He says: ‘In general respects he is very bright and intelligent, and his genial manners and generous dispo- sition make him a favorite in society and with his companion. His tastesare manly and whole- some, he is a good tennis player and gymnast, his riding has much improved, and he has become a really capital small-game shot. Hé has learnt to swim a little. His physique and constitution are good, and his carriage has been much improved by the use of the back-board and drilling.” The Rajah of Kolhapur and Kumar Bhavsinhji are great friends, and the latter spent a holiday at the capital of the former, which is quite a new departure.” In 1890-91 the Political Agent announced to Government that His Highness was reported to be progressing most satisfactorily under his tutor, Mr. Fraser; and that a cold weather tour which he made with his tutor and school companions to the chief places of interest in the North of India had beneficial results. Encouraged by the success of the tour in Northern India, made in 18go, it was decided to make a more extended tour in Southern India and Ceylon. Starting from Kolhapur on November 5, 1891, Bijapur, Hyderabad, Madras, Pondicherry, Tanjore, Tuticorin, Colombo, Kandy, Newara Eliya, Bangalore and Mysore were all visited, and the time thoroughly well spent, for His Highness and his companions were sufficiently advanced in book knowledge and general information to see new places and things with intelligence, and to benefit by what they saw. By this time the most notable places in India and Ceylon, with the exception of the Panjab and Scinde, had been visited by them. The lesson learnt by the travelers on their tour in Northern India was an appreciation of the vastness of India, with its widely differing peo- ples, languages and scenery. And this was emphasized by what they saw of the South. His Highness and his fellow travelers were hospitably entertained at Hyderabad, Tanjore and Mysore, and they met with very kind attention from His Excellency, the Governor of Ceylon. The late Maharaja, Sir Takhtsinhji, was so much pleased with Mr. Fraser on account of the solid progress made by the Prince, both in manners and knowledge, that His Highness (21) conveyed his acknowledgments to that gentleman. The individual attention which each Prince under his charge received from Mr. Fraser, and the kindly feelings that existed between the tutor and his pupils were most noteworthy. In February, 1893, His Highness Maharaja Bhavsinhji, was married to Princess Devkun- varba, a daughter of Maharaval Shri Mansinhji, a Chuhan Rajput and ruling Chief of Devgadh Bariya, a second-class state in the Rewa Kantha agency. The Political Agent, Sir Charles Ollivant K. C. I. E., officially attended the festivities, and congratulated His Highness the late Maharaja, expressing his hearty good wishes for the happiness of the couple. Captain H. D. Merewether, of the Bombay Political Department, was appointed special tutor and companion to His Highness from the twenty fifth of February, 1893. The Political Agent reported to Government (1892-93) that His Highness was a manly and active youth, a good rider and excellent shot. In September, 1893, His Highness, the late Maharaja, addressed the Political Agent, intimating the arrangement proposed for another and more extensive tour. By this arrange- ment the young Prince visited several important and historic places in the Bhavnagar State, and received homage from the Bhayads and Grasias. The one important item of the program arranged for His Highness was that he should visit and inspect the offices of the local officers, the schools and other public institutions. As arranged, His Highness joined his father at Rajkot in November, and took part with him in all the functions attendant on His Excellency Lord Harris’ farewell visit to the Chiefs of Kathiawad, assembled at the headquarters of the British Agency in the Province, and he also took part in visits of ceremony. It was considered desirable that His Highness should visit some of the chief cities in the North of India which he had not seen before, and during the course of this tour he made acquaintance with Jubbalpur, Benares, Allahabad, Cawnpur, Lucknow, Agra, Gwalior, Delhi, Jeypur, Ajmere and Palanpur. His Highness the late Maharaja Saheb, while in Calcutta in December, 1893, on a visit to the Marquis of Landsowne, then Viceroy and Governor-General of India, telegraphed to His Highness Maharaja Bhavsinhji, to join him at Calcutta, and this His Highness did, taking part in all the ceremonial visits there. He was also presented to Lord Landsowne, In June of the same year His Highness was deputed to Poona to acquire a military train- ing to fit him for the command of the Bhavnagar State Imperial Service Lancers. This connection of His Highness with the corps will, it is hoped, make it more popular with the Rajputs of the Gohel clan, whom it was designed chiefly to enrol. It gave His Highness the late Maharaja Saheb satisfaction to inform Government that His Highness Maharaja Bhavsinji had expressed his desire to do the best he could to meet His Highness’ views. : On the birthday of Her Gracious Majesty the Queen-Empress of India, His Highness the late Maharaja Saheb issued a Tharav (Resolution) by which, in commemoration of that auspicious day, he appointed His Highness Maharaja Bhavsinhji Commandant of the Bhav- nagar State Imperial Lancers. As previously arranged, His Highness with his tutor and companion proceeded to Poona in June, 1893, and went through the required military training with the Second Bombay Lancers. He returned to Bhavnagar in the following January, having passed the necessary test. His Highness’ revered father was much gratified to see the progress made by his beloved son. By a second Tharav (Resolution) issued by His Highness the late Maharaja Saheb under date the third of November, 1894, His Highness, while placing on record his great satis- faction at the progress made in his studies by his son and heir, and seeing that he was now anxious to obtain an insight into the working of the various departments of the State which he was destined to rule, nominated him an extra member of the Executive Council of the State, as well as of the Military Council. At the same time a third Tharav (Resolution) was passed by His Highness the late Maharaja Saheb directing that the heir-apparent should attend, for certain stated periods, the offices of (1) the Diwan and Senior Councillor, (2) the Public Works Councillor, (3) the Presi- dent Municipality, the Revenue Commissioner, and also the Court of the Chief Justice of the State, to enable him to obtain an insight into the multifarious business-carried on in these important departments of the State. His Highness Bhavsinhji first attended to the business of the Political Department, which also transacts the work of the settlement of land and the rights and liabilities of the Bhayads and Mul-Grasias subordinate to the State. He then applied himself to the various matters connected with the Public Works Department, which also includes railways, municipalities, and horse-breeding. He finally turned his attention to the revenue, civil and criminal matters. In February, 1894, the Government of Bombay recalled Captain Merewether, tutor and companion to His Highness, to the British service. On January 29, 1896, His Highness Maharaja Sir Takhtsinhji, G. C. S. I., LL. D., breathed his last after a very short illness. This sad event caused a great shock to His High- ness Maharaja Bhavsinhji, who was thus suddenly and unexpectedly called upon to administer the affairs of the important State of Bhavnagar. But the extended tours and the training and insight that His Highness had received in the different branches of administration of the State served him in good stead. His Highness Maharaja Raol Shri Bhavsinhji was placed on the gadi of the Bhavnagar State on the tenth of February, 1896. The Political Agent, accompanied by the Assistant Political Agent in charge of Gohilwad Prant, and conducted by the Diwan and Senior Councillor, arrived at the Darbar Hall in the town palaces at 8.30 a. m., under a salute of eleven guns. The Political Agent was received at the door of the Darbar Hall by His Highness the Maharaja, and greetings were exchanged. Inthe Darbar Hall were collected European and Na ‘ve gentlemen of Bhavnagar, kinsmen and officers of His Highness, officers of the Agency and visitors. His Highness was then conducted, by the Political Agent on his right and the Assistant Political Agent Gohilwad on his left, to a chair of state on the dais, on which he was seated by the Political Agent. The Political Agent took his seat on the right of His Highness and a salute of eleven guns was then fired, during which the Diwan and Senior Councillor delivered to His Highness the Maharaja the seal of the State. The Political Agent then addressed His Highness the Maharaja on the high task that was before him and his heavy responsibilities. His Highness, in suitably replying, observed, infer alia, that to his father —whose career to the regret of all had been cut short in the prime of life, and whose death was universally deplored—he was much indebted, not only for the rare foresight with which he provided for him the best possible means of education and training for the administration of the State, but also for the very high state of efficiency to which he had brought the administration of his State, and made it, as the Political Agent had said, the best governed Native State in India for His Highness to inherit. His Highness observed that long before the first connection of the British Government with the Brovinge of Kathiawad, or indeed with any of the states in the Province, His Highness’ ancestors were on the best terms of friendship with the Government. That friendship was knit closer by his revered father, whose conspicuous loyalty to the British Crown had been so often and so kindly alluded to by the representatives of Her Imperial Majesty, and so fittingly indicated in the foundation of the regiment of Lancers for the Imperial Service. His Highness assured the Political Agent that it would always be his cherished privi- lege to follow, in all respects, the footsteps of his father. His Highness concluded by observ- ing that he was conscious of the very great responsibilities before him. He said: ‘1 pray that the blessing of God may attend my humble efforts to promote the prosperity and happiness of those who are now committed to my charge, whose wants will be my special care, and whose con- tentment and happiness will be my chief reward. In conclusion, I beg to request that you will kindly convey the heartfelt thanks of myself and family to Her Imperial Majesty, and the members of the Royal Family, to His Excellency the Viceroy, and to His Excellency the Governor of Bombay, for the sympathy which they have so kindly expressed in our sad bereavement.” A fortnight after the death of His Highness the late Maharaja Saheb, that pious and popular Principal of the Rajkumar College, Mr. Chester Micraghten, whom the father and the son both loved and venerated, died. His Highness Maharaja Bhavsinhji, although himself in mourning, paid a visit of condolence to the widow, and headed the list of subscription raised to commemorate the memory of Mr. Macnaghten. In December, 1896, His Highness attended the Darbar held by the Political Agent to deliver to the Thakor Saheb of Palitana the insignia of the order of the Knight Commander of the Star of India. On thisoccasion the Managing Committee of the Lang Library presented him with an address of welcome, and His Highness suitably replied, presenting the Library, at the same time, with a donation. Early in 1897 it was found that, although the total rainfall in the State was not much below the average, its untimely fall had produced smaller crops than usual, and the high prices then ruling reduced the condition of many of the poor people to the need of State aid. His Highness passed a famine code, and ordered relief works to be opened wherever the pinch of poverty was felt, and at one time over 16,000 people were thus employed. Not content with this, His Highness, with the object of seeing for himself the condition of his subjects in conse- quence of the short crops and the prevailing high prices, and also of inquiring on the spot into their grievances, made a tour round all the districts of the State, with a very light retinue, and this was repeated as often as possible. This was the first time that a ruler in the Province has set such a noble example. His Highness’ charities were not, however, confined to his own State. At that time famine was prevailing in the southern part of the Bombay Presidency. His Highness not only presided at a public meeting in Bhavnagar to raise funds for the sufferers by the famine, but he made the very liberal personal donation of Rs. 10,000. His Highness marked the first year of his rule by a thorough overhauling of the account system. Shortly after the return of the late Maharaja from a visit to England it pleasgd his Native and European subjects, in commemoration of the event, and in thankfulness of his safe return, to cause a statue of His Highness to be executed by the well-known artist Geflouske, which, when completed, was presented to His Highness with a prayer that it would please him to cause it to be erected in the most frequented place in the city of Bhavnagar. The erection of the statue had not, however, been completed when His Highness died, but at the request of His Highness Maharaja Bhavsinhji it was unveiled by the Political Agent, Colonel Hunter. In requesting Colonel Hunter to perform the ceremony, His Highness observed that it was most befitting that the first memorial of this kind in the city of Bhavnagar should be to the memory of His Highness, the late Maharaja, during whose rule the city had been so enlarged, improved and beautified. Colonel Hunter thanked His Highness for having asked him to perform the ceremony, for, as he observed, the duty could not have devolved on a more willing substitute. He paid a fitting tribute to, and warmly spoke of, the high qualities and noble virtues of head and heart of His Highness, and concluded by observing that His Highness had the incentive of a great example to live up to, and that he was glad to think that he had already shown promise of being the worthy son of a worthy sire. His Highness attended the Darbar in December, 1897, to welcome Lord Sandhurst, the Governor of Bombay, on his first visit to the headquarters of the British Political Agency in the Province. His Highness had on this occasion the honor of reading the address of welcome presented to His Excellency by the Princes and Chiefs of the Province assembled at Rajkot. As it is a most important document, expressive of the deep loyalty to and sympathy with the British Government, we give it in full: “Your Excellency: We, the Princes and Chiefs of Kathiawad, welcome with sincere pleasure Your Excel- lency’s first visit to this, the ancient and historic Province of Saurashtra, now called Kathiawad. Last year we were rejoiced to learn that Your Excellency intended to visit this Province, and those of us who have not the honor of Your Excellency’s acquaintance were looking forward with pleasure to the opportunity of meeting Your Excellency. But the stern call of duty, which we know is paramount to all others in Your Excellency’s mind, obliged you to defer your visit. And, although we were very much disappointed then, we now rejoice the more in welcoming Your Excellency after the success which has met Your Excellency’s noble and humane efforts to mitigate the famine and stamp out the plague. These calamities have caused great distress and anxiety throughout the greater part of the Bombay Presidency committed to Your Excellency’s charge, but no efforts which man could devise were spared by Your Excellency to minimize their effects. The powers of the officers of Her Imperial Majesty’s services—the Civil, Military and Medical—were taxed to the utmost in combating these evils, but these efforts have happily been crowned with success, and we take this opportunity of Your Excellency being in our midst to offer you our hearty congratulations. We appreciate these efforts the more because some of us, unfortunately, have had our own small share of these troubles and anxieties. But they were fortunately averted before they assumed serious dimensions by the adoption of the measures recommended from time to time in the Notifications of Your Excellency’s Government. There has recently, unfortunately, been a recrudescence of the plague in some parts of the Bombay Presidency, but we feel sure that Your Excellency will succeed in stamping it out. We are anxious to take this opportunity of publicly expressing our utter abhorrence of the diabolical and cowardly assassination of two of the most zealous and faithful officers of Her Majesty, who were so devotedly laboring to save the very persons who encompassed their death. The perpetrator or perpetrators of this dastardly deed have become the more detestable through the time and opportunity they chose for this black deed, when every heart throughout this vast Empire, over which the sun never sets, was overflowing with rejoicing on account of Her Gracious and Imperial Majesty’s Diamond Jubilee. There is yet one important subject which we beg to touch upon here, as, in respect thereof, we fully sympathize with Your Excellency’s Government, though we have always hith- erto treated with the contempt they deserve the scurrilous writings which appear in some of the publications of the vernacular press. Never before during the British rule have the people of India enjoyed the liberty of speech or writing which they now enjoy. We know that Govern- ment do not fear, but rather invite, honest criticism upon their actions and policy. But the privilege so conferred is being abused to an extent which loudly calls for the intervention of Government and penal legislation. The Native States of India in general, and the States of Kathiawad in particular, have often been most shamelessly attacked by some of the vernacular press to an extent which, in our opinion, ought to be checked. These portions of the vernac- ular press usually maintain themselves by levying blackmail from British territory, where they can ply their nefarious trade with impunity. Your Excellency came recommended to the Bombay Presidency, not only by the success of your own political career, but by family associations which are still fresh in the memories of most in this Presidency. It is not forgotten how much the Bombay Presidency owes to the services of your distinguished father, the first Lord Sandhurst, who combined in so high a degree the qualities of the statesman with those of the soldier; as well as those of your uncle, Mr. S. Mansfield, C. S. I., formerly a member of the Government of the Bombay Presidency. The expectations raised by such happy associations have been fully fulfilled by Your Excel- lency’s public acts and utterances; and the just, broad and benevolent policy which has formed the basis of your administration, the readiness with which Your Excellency has listened to complaints, and the measures you have taken to ascertain the real wants of the people, by calling to your counsels the leaders of the different communities in civil affairs, have won for Your Excellency the entire confidence of the public. The former internecine strife which ruined this Province has given place to a period of unbroken peace and solid progress under the benign zgis of the British Government: 524 miles of railways have been made and roads, telegraphs, post offices and educational institutions testify how cordially western civilization has been welcomed in this Province. We are proud of these signs of enlightenment, and of none more so than the college for the education of the Chiefs of Kathiawad inaugurated twenty-seven years ago by Sir Seymour FitzGerald, at which not only have most of our present ruling Chiefs been educated, but many of those outside Kathia- wad claim this College as their a/ma mater. The last addition to the many central institutions maintained by the co-operation of the Chiefs is our new Rasul Khanji Hospital for women, which has been built at a cost of Rs. 84,000 by His Highness the Nawab Saheb of Junagadh, and generously presented to the Province for the alleviation of suffering of the female portion of the community. This charitable institution will be under a lady M. D., Miss Wickham, our Zenana Medical Officer, and will be maintained from the State General Fund, at an annual cost of about Rs. 14,000. We feel sure that this endeavor to overcome the obstacles in the way of medical relief to women will be viewed with approbation by one who has made hospitals and hospital management a subject of special attention. Our pleasure at Your Excellency’s visit is enhanced by the circumstance that Your Excellency proposes to present the insignia of a Companion of the Most Exalted Order of the Star of India to Khachar Shri Ala Chela of Jasdan, the first Chief of the Kathi tribe who has been thus decorated, and one of our most respected rulers. In concluding this address, we hope Your Excellency’s visit will be one of unalloyed pleasure and interest; and, in thanking Your Excellency for honoring this Province, we take the opportunity of assuring Your Excellency of our loyal and unswerving devotion to Her Majesty’s throne and person.” In December, 1897, the Political Agent addressed the Principal Chiefs of Kathiawad on the question of the future Government of the Rajkumar College. His Highness the Maharaja Saheb after a mature consideration replied to the Political Agent in March, 1898, and suggested several important alterations in the draft rules, which were not only adopted but much admired by all. The want of a spacious and large Central Hall for the Rajkumar College was greatly felt. In December, 1897, the Political Agent had submitted to the states a proposal regarding the desirability of extending the Central Hall at an estimated cost of about Rs. 47,000. Useful and desirable as the work appeared, the Chiefs, on whose purses, owing to the plague and the drought, there were so many calls, were not prepared to pay the money, and a loan from some other than the Chiefs’ Fund was suggested to meet the cost of the proposed extension. The matter stood in this difficult position when His Highness Maharaja Bhavsinhj icame to the rescue. He telegraphed to the Political Agent his willingness and preparedness to meet the entire cost of the extension of the hall and the Sir Takhtsinhji Wing of the College. In intimating this news to the states, the Political Agent by memo. No. 1784, dated twenty-ninth of March, 1898, said: — : ‘ With reference to his memo. of the fifth of February on the subject of the enlargement of the Rajkumar College Hall and addition to the Takhtsinhji Wing, the Political Agent has much pleasure in communicating to the states that His Highness the Thakor Saheb of Bhavnagar has most generously offered Rs. 50,000 to meet the whole cost of the above works. The Politi- cal Agent has accepted this munificent gift with his eordial acknowledgments, to which he feels sure the states will add their own.” The proposal made by the Political Agent that the hall should be called the Bhavsinhji Hall was cordially endorsed by all the Chiefs of the Province. His Excellency Lord Sandhurst, who in November, 1897, had kindly accepted His High- ness the Maharaja’s invitation to visit his capital, redeemed the promise, and visited Bhavnagar in November, 1898. His Excellency, accompanied by his staff, arrived at Bhavnagar at 5p. m. on the twentieth of November, and was received by His Highness the Maharaja accompanied by the Members of his State Council and principal officers and conducted into the Darbar Hall, where several presentations were made. A procession was then formed to drive through the town to Panwadi, where the distinguished guest was accommodated. The route was gaily deco- rated and lined through the greater portion of the distance with a densely packed, eager, and expectant crowd. The morning of the twenty-second was spent in visiting several of the principal objects of interest in the vicinity of Bhavnagar. Accompanied by the Maharaja, His Excellency first inspected the Bhavnagar State Imperial Service Lancers. His Excellency was much pleased with the stalwart and well-mounted body of nearly three hundred Lancers and their excellent horses. He congratulated the troops on their soldierly appearance and bearing, and visited and minutely examined the fine Takhtsinhji Hospital built by the late Maharaja at a cost of over five lakhs of rupees. He drove through the extensive Victoria-park, and then visited the State Paddock, and was much pleased with what he saw. At noon His Highness the Maharaja, accompanied by the members of his State Council and other principal officers, paid a state visit to His Excellency at Panwadi, and this visit was returned in the afternoon by His Excellency, who was accompanied by his personal staff and the Political Agent at Kathiawad. At five o'clock the same evening His Excellency laid the foundafion-stone of the new filter beds and service reservoir, which will be constructed to complete the scheme for the water- supply of the town. The proceedings were opened by an account of the proposed work, after which His Highness the Maharaja then addressed His Excellency as follows: — ‘The water supply of a town is the most important care that administrators have to make provision for. Bhavnagar thirty years ago had to depend solely on its wells, and it is within the memory of many how in the hot months water was brought in many miles to the inhabitants in tank-carts. The administrators during my father’s minority formed the lake which is named after one of them ‘The Gavrishanker Lake,” and my father in 1887 connected the lake by the main pipe which brought its waters without wastage into the heart of the town —calling the works, the ¢ Victoria Jubilee Water-works’ in honor of the year. It is my inten- tion now to extend this work by providing filters and service reservoir mains through all the principal streets, and dipping wells at convenient centres. It will, Sir, be adding to the pleasures of your first visit to my capital if you will lay the foundation of this reservoir and filter, and at the same time permit your name to be connected with the work.” Mr. R. Proctor-Sims, the Public Works Councillor, then gave a brief outline of the work. He said: ‘“ May It Please Your Excellency, Bhavnagar has for the last twenty-six years possessed an ample storage of water, where, before that date, there was oftentimes severe drought. Until 1887, however, the water from the Gavrishanker storage lake was conveyed by an open water-course to a large tank in the town, whence it percolated to the surrounding wells, and was drawn therefrom by the people in the usual way. The waste that occurred, both in the water-course and the receiving tank, was very large, but so long as the supply was sufficient for consumption the people were content. Scanty rainfall for a couple of years in succession revealed the necessity for improve- ment, and it was in the year before-mentioned that His Highness the late Maharaja sanctioned a twenty-inch main being laid from the lake to the town, a distance of two and one-sixth miles. This was effected none too soon, and saved the inhabitants from much distress. Filters and distributing mains were then discussed, but demands on the resources of the State in heavy relief works prevented the completion of the scheme. His Highness Bhavsinhji has now determined that the full usefulness of the scheme shall be forthwith put in hand, and funds for the purpose have been set aside. In its course over its catchment area, water necessarily takes up impurities, and one of the most important requirements of a water-scheme is therefore to render such water potable, and have a three days’ supply of the same always on hand. The filter beds and the reservoir of which Your Excellency has kindly consented to lay the foundation-stone will secure this— and Your Excellency will see from the dotted lines on the plan that, in the land taken up, provision for possible extensions has also been made. The Gavrishanker storage lake has a catchment area of eight and a half square miles, but is supplemented by a dam across the river Maleshri, six miles away, whereby the catch- ment is increased by thirty-six square miles more. When full, the lake contains two and a half billion gallons of water—and this is always available at the close of every monsoon that has afforded the ordinary fall of rain. The new work which is this day inaugurated by Your Excellency provides for five filter beds, giving a total area of 2,222 square yards of filtering media ; a covered service reservoir to contain 3,416,015 gallons of limpid water, which together will cost Rs. 1,75,872; and six and one-half miles of distributing mains, hydrants, etc., through the chief streets of the town, to cost Rs. 1,95,239; making in all Rs. 3,71,211. Six and a quarter lakhs have been spent in the past, and this addition will now bring the total cost up close on ten lakhs. The people of Bhavnagar, I may be permitted to add, will long remember the wisdom of the ruler that has made this new provision for their health and comfort.’’ His Excellency having laid the foundation-stone, graciously accorded permission for the reservoir to be called by his name. He eulogized the public spirit of the Maharaja in devoting surplus funds to the construction of works of public utility. In the evening a State banquet was held in the spacious shamiana pitched in the Albert Victor Square and beautifully decorated and illuminated by electric light, when His Highness proposed the health of Her Majesty the Queen-Empress in the following terms: ‘““ Your Excellency, Ladies and Gentlemen, I propose the health of the Queen-Empress. Under Her Imperial Majesty’s long and eventful reign India has rapidly progressed in civilization and contentment, and simple grati- tude alone makes this toast one that is accepted throughout the length and breadth of this land with reverence and respect. We have, however, a higher incentive to render to it the honor that is its due, and that is the high and noble qualities of our sovereign, who commands an Empire’s devoted affection. The Queen-Empress. Long may Her Imperial Majesty reign !”’ His Highness next proposed the health of the distinguished guest of the evening, His Excellency Lord Sandhurst, in the following terms: “Colonel Hunter, Ladies and Gentlemen, I call upon you all to drink to the health of His Excellency, our esteemed Governor Lord Sandhurst. It was with much satisfaction that I received the news some two months back that His Excellency would about this time honor me by a visit to the Capital of this State, and I have looked forward to this day with pleasurable anticipation. It has come; and though my fare is small, His Excellency, I trust, has felt that my welcome is hearty, and ‘discerned with ease, a willing mind and a desire to please.’ To one in the lofty eminence that His Excellency occupies, it would be presumptuous in one so young and inexperienced as myself to utter words of praise at all His Excellency has done, but I shall, I am sure, be within proper bounds if I express much gratification at the high recognition of His Excellency’s efforts to suppress the plague expressed very recently by His Excellency the Viceroy. It has happened to few Governors to have so many adverse circumstances to deal with in his tenure of office as Lord Sandhurst has had, but the manner in which one and all have been met and dealt with by His Excellency has merited universal approval, and it will be a solace to His Excellency that he has had the power to do so much for the human wants and miseries that surrounded him. He has had a heavy share of the penalties paid for greatness, but hard work has proved to him a pleasure; to the detraction with which he has been assailed he has been deaf; to the impediments that have beset his path he has been blind; and for all the sacrifices he has had to make he fully prepared himself to do battle. (25) You will all share with me, I am sure, in regret that Lady Sandhurst is not in India, and has been therefore unable to accompany His Excellency to Kathiawad. ILadiesand gentlemen —Let us drink to the health of His Excellency Lord Sandhurst.” His Excellency in replying proposed the health of His Highness, and spoke of the high administrative capacity the Maharaja already displayed, and added that he was confident His Highness would emulate the example of his illustrious predecessor. His Highness replied as follows: — ‘‘ Your Excellency, I thank you sincerely for the kind way in which you have proposed my health, and you, ladies and gentlemen, for the kind way in which you have accepted the same. For such measure of excellence as the Bhavnagar State has attained to we are indebted to my revered father; but I hope I may be privileged to proceed in the same path for so long as it may please God to leave the welfare of this State in my hands.” On the morning of the twenty-third His Excellency, after visiting the Samaldas College, the Marble Chhatri, the Courts buildings, the High School, and the Barton Museum and Library, performed the very pleasant duty of distributing the prizes to the pupils of the Majirajba Girls’ School, where nearly four hundred girls are receiving education under the care of Miss Brooke, the Lady Superintendent, on which occasion His Excellency said: — ‘“ A word or two of thanks from usare certainly due to Miss Brooke for the entertainment we have enjoyed so much. Your father, the late Maharaja, your Highness, left many great improvements behind him. I have observed more than one monument to his memory in your city, but I doubt whether any finer or more valuable monument to his memory remains than this girls’ school he did so much to promote and improve. In looking at the report I find that the struggle to develop female education was commenced forty years ago, and, as we all know, female education has been an uphill battle and struggle for those who have endeavored to assist it. From a very small beginning this school has now attained to very great usefulness, and whilst we all appreciated the beauty of the entertainment and illuminations we saw last night, I must say that in regard to color and general beauty the entertainment we have seen this morning surpasses it. Color and animation have a peculiar fascination for myself, and amongst the many beautiful sights I have seen in India Ihave encountered none more beautiful than the various class rooms I passed through to-day. It is a great pleasure to me to be here. I congratulate Miss Brooke most heartily upon the way in which these exercises have been per- formed. No doubt the Guzrati songs were rendered correctly, but of that I am afraid I am not a first-class judge, but my eye can detect color and grace, and I have never seen either surpassed. But whilst we thank Miss Brooke for the organization of this entertainment, I would also congratulate her upon another thing, and that is the character of the building in which the school of which she has charge is housed. In a climate such as this you must look to the ventilation if you want to have the children healthy and bright, and so far as I have been able to judge, these requirements have been most fully met here. I have but to testify once more to the great gratification I have felt in being here to-day, ard I shall take away from this school one of the most pleasant memories of my visit to Bhavnagar.” The afternoon was spent in an interesting drive through the town, and a visit was paid to the harbor, where Lord Sandhurst paid particular attention to the means adopted for keeping the channel clear. At half-past six, the Maharaja gave a garden party at the Nilambag Palace, which was largely attended. The grounds were charmingly illuminated, and a most pleasing entertainment provided for the guests. His Highness attended the assemblage of the Chiefs at Rajkot, where His Excellency the Governor arrived on the twenty-seventh of November. There were several functions, the most (26) important of which was the opening of the Bhavsinhji Hall of the Rajkumar College, Rajkot, when Mr. Waddington thanked His Highness the Maharaja for his princely donations to the College, with which he had followed the example of his father, the late Maharaja. The names of Bhaysinhji and Takhtsinhji of Bhavnagar would, he said, be revered by generations to come. His Highness the Maharaja then requested the Governor to open Bhavsinhji Hall and unveil the bust of the late Maharaja, and His Excellency the Governor, in complying with the request, congratulated His Highness the Maharaja Saheb upon the worthy manner in which he was treading in the footsteps of his illustrious father. The first ceremony after the opening of the Bhavsinhji Hall was the inaugural meeting of the College Council, which was presided over by His Excellency Lord Sandhurst and attended by all the Chiefs. On December 1, His Excellency was entertained at a public banquet at Rajkot by the Princess and Chiefs of Kathiawad, whose guest he was during his stay in Rajkot. In proposing the customary toast of Her Majesty the Queen-Empress, His Highness said:— ‘‘ Your Excellency, Colonel Hunter, Ladies and Gentlemen, I have the honor on behalf of my brother Chiefs and myself to propose for your acceptance the health of Her Most Imperial Majesty the Queen-Empress of India. I am happy in being the spokesman of this toast—knowing full well the perfect sincerity of the feelings of every Chief in this ancient province in the sentiment I have the privilege to express—for which of us can possibly be ignorant of the blessings that have followed British rule in India, and the progress, quietude, and contentment that have year after year been developed in the land, under Her Most Gracious Majesty’s benign sway.” His Highness then gave an appropriate quotation from the hymn in the vernacular which corresponds to the English National Anthem. Continuing, he said: ‘“ We claim, Sir, to have been second to none in the Empire in loyalty when the two Jubilees of Her Majesty’s reign gave to everyone the occasion for public utter- ances; and the statue which we then voted for the Connaught Darbar Hall in commemoration of the Diamond Jubilee we had fondly hoped would this day have been in its place, and would have been unveiled by you, Sir, Her Majesty’s Representative in this Presidency. Our disap- pointment is keen that that ceremony has had to be deferred; but we have a consolation in the prospect that the mishap will give us a further occasion to manifest the devotion that we feel. Your Excellency, it gives us all pleasure to see you here again, but I must leave His Highness of Gondal to deal fully with this subject. I will conclude by claiming from all present a right loyal response to ‘ The Queen-Empress of India.’’’ Early in December, 1898, His Highness had the satisfaction of learning that he had been elected by the Chiefs of Kathiawad, belonging to Classes I to IV, to be a Member of the Board of Visitors of the Rajkumar College. Amongst the numerous and valuable donations made by His Highness the Maharaja may be mentioned the subscription towards founding the Gordon College at Khartoum, (Lz) CA IN His HIGHNESS RASULKHAN]JI, NAWAB SAHEB OF JUuNAGADH, K. C. S. I. His Highness Rasulkhanji Nawab Saheb of Junagadh. His Highness Naw4b Séheb Rasulkhédnji of Junagadh, Lord of the ancient and historical province of Saurashtra,* is descended from a line of noble Afghdn ancestors whose gallant and devoted service to the Moghal Emperors of Delhi gained them the honorable name of B4bi, which, being interpreted, means ‘‘ trusted.” Generation after generation they made their names illustrious by the heroic deeds they performed while fighting under the banner of their sovereigns in the long-contested conquests of the various provinces of the Empire. Their connection with the throne of Delhi began in the reign of Huméyun, the second Emperor (A. D. 1530-56). An ancestor of His Highness named Bah4durkhédn was a lord-in- waiting to the Emperor Shéh Jehan, whose life he on one occasion saved at the risk of his own by a signal act of bravery. The greatest among his immediate descendants were Jaferkhan, Saldbatkhdn and Sherkhan. The fief of Junagadh was one of several which the Emperor conferred upon Saldbatkhédn,t and it was in the time of this chief that the levy of the Zortalabi tribute { by the Jundgadh Princes commenced. Salabatkhdn died in A. D. 1731, leaving three sons. The eldest of these, Sherkhan, was one of the most valiant defenders of the tottering Empire against the attacks of the Marathas. His most celebrated exploit was a great victory gained over Pildji Gdekwdr, who had invaded and conquered Baroda, and the restoration of that flourishing city and district to the sovereignty of Delhi. In recognition of this great service the Emperor invested him with the title of ‘ Nawé4b.”’ He was the first B4bi who had won it. Sherkhan died in A. D. 1758, and was succeeded on the throne of Junagadh by his eldest son Mahadbatkh4nji. It was in the reign of this prince and his successor that the military and diplomatic genius of the celebrated prime minister, Amarji, secured such large and valuable accessions of territory and wealth to the House of Junagadh. Nawédb Mah4bat- khanji died prematurely in A. D. 1775. He was succeeded by his son Hamadkhénji I, then only thirteen years of age, Diwan Amarji for a time acting as his guardian. Hé&madkhénji died in A. D. 1811, and was succeeded by his eldest son Bahddurkhédnji II. An agreement was concluded in May, 1816, between the British Government and His Highness, the Nawib Saheb, by the third article of which the collection of the Jundgadh Zortalabi tribute (previously recovered by force of arms in an annual campaign) was entrusted to the British Government. His Highness further agreed by a subsequent engagement dated February 1, 1821, to give the British Government one quarter of the sum realized ‘‘ as charges on account of horsemen, footmen, etc.,”” employed in the work of collection. Bahddurkhédnji II. died in A. D. 1840, leaving four sons, of whom the two eldest, Hamidkh4dnji and Mahébatkh4nji, successively enjoyed the sovereignty after him. Hamidkhé4nji was cut off in his prime, having died in A. D. 1851, aged only twenty-three. His brother, Naw4db Siheb Mahébatkh4nji, K. C. S. I, then ascended the throne. On account of his tender age a council was at first appointed to conduct the Government. Mah4batkhénji was throughout his life guided in the administration of the State by the wise and far-sighted policy of his (happily surviving) Vazir Madar-ul-Maham Sheikh Muhammad Bah4uddinbh4i and the late venerable Diwédn Sujna Gokalji JThdld. His Highness married a sister of the Vazir S4heb, named Ladadi Bibi, and the son of this marriage was the late Naw4b Sdheb Bahddurkhénji, who ascended the throne on his father’s death in A. D. 1882. He received his education at the R4jkumér College, Réjkot, and was made a Knight Grand Commander of the Indian Empire in 18go. He was succeeded by the present Nawédb Siheb His Highness Rasulkhénji, son of His Highness Mah4batkh4nji by another lady. His Highness was born on July 30, 1858, and ascended the Gadi on January 23, 1892. In the same year he made a tour through the principal provinces of India. Having been from his infancy deeply impressed with the truths of religion, he has acquired a thorough knowledge of the sacred Kurdn, and is celebrated for his pious and charitable gifts. His anxiety to promote the welfare of his subjects is evinced by the many measures of public utility which he has adopted. Among the most important of these works may be mentioned the Rasulkhanji Hospital for females at Rajkot, which cost a lakh of rupees, and which is much appreciated throughout the province. This is an institution similar in usefulness to the several hospitals opened as branches of the Lady Dufferin Hospital. Towards the construction of the magnificent building of the Bahavddin Arts College and Technical Institute in the city of Junagad His Highness has contributed about two lakhs of rupees, in addition to the funds collected by the friends and admirers of Vazier Bahavddinbhai to perpetuate his memory, and it is worthy of note that at the laying of the foundation stone of the building His Highness agreed to maintain this very useful institution at State expense. With a view to supplying the Capital with pure water, His Highness has commenced a grand scheme of water-works at an estimated cost of about eight lakhs of rupees, and placed it under the general superintendence of an experienced engineer, Mr. J. E. Whiting, M. Inst. C. E. His Highness opened an Alienation Settlement Department to investigate and settle the titles of all aliens in the State. Started only as far back as 1897, this department made rapid progress, owing to the untiring exertions of Colonel C. W. H. Sealy, the able and experienced officer, whose services were lent by Government for this work, and of Vazier Bahavddinbhai and Naib Diwan Mr. Purshottamrai Sunderji Zala, who were the officers appointed by His Highness to amicably settle the titles of those who wished it. That the surplus revenue of the State is also judiciously utilized in the promotion of trade and commerce and in affording convenience to the public is proved by the fact that besides spending forty lakhs of rupees in the construction of a railway sixty-seven miles long from Jetalsar Junction on the Bhavnagar-Gondal Junagadh-Porbandar Railway to the important port of Veraval via Junagad, the State has contributed six lakhs of rupees to the capital fund of the Jetalsar-Rajkot Railway. His Highness has also commenced to erect a commodious building on a modern and approved plan, in place of the old hospital in the city of Junagad. The old site having been considerably enlarged, the various buildings for the hospital are expected to cost about two lakhs of rupees. His Highness has made a further addition to the beauty of his metropolis, which is already a very picturesque and interesting town, by com- mencing the erection of a building in a prominent part of the town to be used as a museum and library. This will be known as the Victoria Diamond Jubilee Museum and the Bahadur- khanji Library. Thus, it is to the enlightened views and progressive government of the father and the brother (the two preceding Nawabs of Junagad) and the present ruler that the subjects of the State are indebted for the following educational institutions: (1) the Bahadurkhanji High School, Junagad; (2) the Mohobat Madrasai, the Bahavddin Arts College, and the Tech- nical Institute; (3) the Ladadi Bibi Girls’ School; (4) the Library and the Victoria Diamond Jubilee Museum, etc., etc. ; as also for the magnificent buildings for locating them. In April, 1893, a partial control over the Educational Department of the State was handed over to the State, and the liberality of His Highness Sir Rasulkhanji has enabled the authorities not only to maintain but to make material additions to the number of schools giving primary education. With a view to placing education on a sound and uniform basis, a conference of the teachers has been organized, and 5,000 rupees has been subscribed by His Highness to furnish a nucleus for the funds required for revising the present vernacular series. These measures of adminis- tration and the personal worth of His Highness, have been appreciated by the advisers of Her Majesty the Queen-Empress who was graciously pleased to create His Highness a Knight Commander of the Most Exalted Order of the Star of India. The Nawab Saheb Sir Rasulkhanji, with great solicitude and in the catholicity of his charity, has endeavored to leave nothing undone which would be conducive to the comfort, con- venience and advancement of his subjects, and to the good government and peace of his State. His Highness has, among other children, one son, Prince Sherjumakhaji, who has lately completed his education at the Rajkumar College, Rajkot. * Literally meaning tke good kingdom, now corrupted into Sorath. t Opinions, however, differ on this point. Colonel Walker says in his report that Sherkhdn took Sorath from Mir Daulat Ali Naib of that place appointed from Delhi. Colonel Jacob holds a similar opinion. {The word ‘‘Zortalabi’ literally means forcible exaction by an over-lord. This hereditary and ancestral right of the Princes of Sorath is clear proof of their precedence over all the other Chiefs of Kathiawad which has been acknowledged by Government. His HicHNESS SIR Buacvar SINHJEE, K.C.1.E.. M.D. M.R. C.P F.B.U., LL.D. D.C. L., THARKORE SAHIB OF GONDAL. (29) Her HiGHNESS THE RANI SAHIB OF GONDAL. His Highness Sir Bhagvat Sinhjee, G. C. 1. E., M. D,, F. R. C.P,,F. B. U., LL.D., D.€.1.. Thakore Saheb of Gondal. His Highness Sir Bhagvat Singhjee, the present Ruler of Gondal—a first-class Native State situated very nearly in the exact centre of the historic province of Saurashtra in Western India—is a Jadeja Rajput by descent, and as such belongs to the lunar dynasty which tracesits origin to the renowned Krishna. After the great destruction which is said to have befallen this race at Verawal-Patan about 5300 years ago, the survivors established themselves in Sindh, whence they migrated into Cutch, which country they took possession of by force of arms. After some time a member of their family settled at Hallar in Kathiawar and assumed the name of Jam. The place which he fixed on as his residence is now known by the name of Jam Nagar, the city of Jam. As the members of their family increased, they separated and established independent chiefdoms, such as Gondal, Dhrol, Rajkot, etc. The founder of the Gondal House was Kumbhoji I., who inherited a moiety of his patrimonial estate from his brother Sahebji, Chief of Rajkot, and expanded his possessions considerably by his valor and military prowess. The present Thakore Saheb is the twelfth in descent from him. His Highness was born on the twenty-fourth of October, 1865, and so was only four years old when his father Sagramji, of pious memory, died in Bombay. In his boyhood he gave promise of a very hopeful future. Being somewhat modest and reticent, he had more of the thoughtful than the playful boy in him. He was but little fond of frolic, and from the beginning evinced considerable aptitude for study. At the age of nine, he entered the Rajkumar College, an institution then recently established at Rajkot for the education of the Kathiawar aristocracy. His whole college career, extending over a period of nine years, was one of uniform success, characterized alike by ability, industry, and good behavior. For a considerable time he maintained the position of head of the college, and, without interruption, won the annual prizes either for diligence, drawing, or proficiency in English. He had advanced so far beyond his fellow students that in the words of the Principal, ‘he had to be put in a class by himself.” He is a notable product of English education, and well worthy of such praises as were ever bestowed on a member of Indian royalty by such earnest educationists as Mr. Chester Macnaughten, Professor F. G. Selby and Sir William Muir. In order to give a finishing touch to his education, the Prince, with the laudable desire of seeing with his own eyes all that was worth studying in the manners and customs of the English people, ventured to undertake a tour in Europe under the guidance of Major (now Colonel) Hancock. He spent nearly four months in England and Scotland, and then made a short tour on the Continent, visiting Paris, Brussels, Hamburg, Lucerne and other places in Switzerland, Milan, Venice, Florence, Rome, and Naples, returning via Brindisi to India on the thirteenth of November, 1883. He has published the experiences and impressions of his travels in the shape of a regularly kept journal or diary, which is a delightful and interesting record of the scenes which the young Prince went through in the course of a somewhat hurried trip of six months’ duration. The book is very favorably neticed by the Indian, English, and Continental press as much for its style and literary merits as for the fair and independent "observations of its royal author. It is a rare thing in India for a Chief to take to book-writing, and this book does no little credit to the youthful Prince. Soon after his return from his journey, the Chief was initiated into the public business of his State by being associated in administration with Colonel Nutt. He assumed sole charge of his State on the twenty-fifth of August, 1884. His installation speech is regarded by his people as a Magna Charta, inasmuch as it puts forth an important declaration of his future policy, and it was so very thoughtful and effective, that the Governor in Council publicly complimented him for the matter and tone of it. ‘‘ Subsequent events have shown,” says the Times of India, lately, “that the high professions in the speech were real, and that the ends of government which the young Chief then defined have been kept clearly and practically in view." In the same year he was nominated a Fellow of the Bombay University—an honor to which his literary pursuits fully entitled him. In the early part of 1886, the Thakore Saheb again proceeded to Scotland, with a view to reside for some time at the Edinburgh University. He stayed there over fifteen months, and so much distinguished himself as a willing and diligent student of science, that the old Scottish University thought fit to confer on him the honorary degree of LL. D.—a distinction never before bestowed on a Native of the Bombay Presidency. He was present in England at the time of the grand Jubilee festivities in the capacity of a member of the deputation sent to that country by all the chiefs of Kathiawar, and was fortunate enough to receive from the hand of Her Majesty in person the insignia of Knight Commander of the most eminent order of the Indian Empire. He returned to India on the thirteenth of August, 1887. The day was a memorable ome, as the Thakore Saheb received from his subjects a grand ovation on his safe return home. Addresses of welcome and congratulations were showered on him from all sides, and young and old, rich and poor, all turned out to a man to honor and greet him. The same year the Government of Her Majesty the Queen-Empress was pleased to raise Gondal to the rank of a first-class Native State “on account of its importance and advanced administration,” and to announce that in future the Rulers of Gondal would be entitled to a salute of eleven guns—thus affording no small personal satisfaction to His Highness, who found his State advanced in both rank and power, under his régime, and recognized as one of the best governed states in India. In the beginning of the year 18go, His Highness’ beloved consort, Rani Shri Nandku- verba of Dharampore was taken suddenly very ill, so much so that her doctors strongly advised her to go on a long sea voyage, and reside for a time in England under the best medical treatment available there. Accordingly His Highness was obliged to set sail on the twenty-first of March, with his Rani and children, leaving his Dewan in charge of the State. This Rajput lady was the first Rani of an Indian ruling Chief who had ventured to set aside her caste prejudices and to cross the ocean or the ‘ kala-pani” as they call it in India. Her Highness had to be kept under medical treatment for over two years, during which time her health underwent great improvement. His Highness the Thakore Saheb, who is studious by nature, could not allow this long interval to press heavily on him. Being very fond of science, and especially of medical science, of which he is an ardent student, he again joined the Edinburgh University and went through the whole curriculum, passed his M. B. examinations in the most satisfactory way and took his M. D. degree in the ordinary course. He also passed the examination for the Membership of the Royal College of Physicians of Edinburgh and is now one of its Fellows. In June, 1892, the distinguished University of Oxford, on the occasion of its Commemoration Day, conferred on His Highness the Honorary Degree of D. C. I. His Highness may well be proud of this rare academic distinction which also seems to have greatly rejoiced his subjects, whose idol he is, and who, in appreciation of his just and beneficent rule have, with one accord, voted him a colossal bronze statue by public subscription. This is unique in the history of the province; for one must search in vain for a parallel in which the good deeds of a leading Chief are sought to be held in such honorable remembrance by his people. It is pleasant to note that the object which had induced His Highness to take his Rani to England was accomplished beyond all expectation. Her Highness’ health considerably improved under the skillful treatment of the Edinburgh doctors. This was highly gratifying to the people of Gondal, whose gratification was much enhanced when they came to learn that the membership of the Crown of India had been conferred on Her Highness by Her Majesty Queen Victoria. After having graduated in medicine, His Highness, accompanied by his convalescent Rani, returned to India in the beginning of 1893 via America, Japan, China, Australia, and Ceylon, thus accomplishing the daring feat of touring round the world. His Highness and his courageous spouse have earned the reputation of being one of the most traveled couples on this side of the world. The dauntless Rajput Princess is the first of her class and rank who has discarded the purdak, accompanied her lord to a foreign country, sharing his joys and sorrows, and proceeded in circumnavigating the earth. On his return home His Highness inaugurated various measures for the improvement of his State, devoting his spare time to literary pursuits. His recently published work on ‘ The History of Aryan Medical Science ’’ has created a very favorable impression on the minds of his Indian and English critics. The recent occasion of the Diamond Jubilee brought to His Highness a new honor. He was one of the fortunate few on whom the distinction of G. C. I. E. was conferred. He may be congratulated on receiving such a high recognition at the hands of Her Majesty Queen Victoria. The time has not perhaps come for pronouncing a final judgment upon the career of this enthusiastic young Chief, whose plans and ideas of a sound and enlightened government have not as yet been possibly given full scope. Still, if what he has already done for his people be taken as an earnest of what is to follow, His Highness may justly lay claim to be called a very capable and efficient administrator. He takes a keen and intelligent interest in his adminis- tration and nothing is done without his knowledge. He regularly attends office at stated hours and carefully looks to the wants of his subjects. He has created the office of a traveling doctor, with a view to afford medical aid to villagers who are living at a distance from the towns where there are hospitals or dispensaries. The duty of the traveling doctor is to visit the villagers in periodical rounds, and give medical assistance on the spot to the ignorant and the poor who cannot conveniently resort to hospitals. This novel experiment has answered so well that, in the opinion of Lord Harris, His Highness’ ‘‘ example may be copied not only in Native States, but also in British territory.” The Gondal Infirmary, known as the Bai Saheb Ba Asylum and Orphanage, is also the first and the best institution of its kind in the province. It is founded in memory of His Highness’ deceased wife, Bai Saheb Ba. In this asylum the infirm and disabled, who are unable to earn their livelihood, and are otherwise uncared for and neglected, are provided with clothes, board, lodging and medical aid. Separate wards are assigned to separate castes, and thus the institution is a real blessing to many laboring under physical disabilities. ‘‘The success of this unique institution,’’ says Sir Charles Ollivant, ‘‘ bears grateful testimony to the benevolence of the founder.” The Chief has the wisdom to invest a large surplus capital in the construction of railways known as the ‘‘ Bhavnagar-Gondal’’ and the ‘‘ Gondal-Porbandar’’ Railways. He is also a ‘joint proprietor of the branch line known as Jetalsar-Rajkot Railway, which was formally opened for traffic by the Governor of Bombay, Lord Harris. Jetalsar is a town belonging to Gondal. And this branch connects His Highness’ capital with Rajkot (the Agency headquarters) on the one hand and with the main line on the other. It will thus be seen that the State has been very forward in promoting railways in the province. The agricultural interests of the State have been stimulated in many ways, and every effort has been made to introduce superior wheat and new kinds of vegetables throughout the State. Irrigation by wells has been dealt with in a practical manner. New wells are being sunk every year. All this means increased revenue and prosperity, as well as safeguarding against local famine. The Gondal Horticultural Gardens are known all over Kathiawar. They are considered to be the best in the province and are kept in excellent order. An agricultural class was attached to them to enable agrarian youths to receive lessons, practical and theoreti- cal, in the rural craft. Besides these, the State scholarships, schools, remissions of obnoxious taxes, grants of important concessions and privileges to his people, etc., are some of the works inaugurated by this intelligent young Chief. His Highness marked his appreciation of his alma mater, the Rajkumar College, by giving it a handsome donation for the purchase of books and bookcases. A similar grant was given to the Bombay University for the collection of old Sanscrit manuscripts, and to the Oxford Indian Institute Building funds as well as to some other institutions of public importance. These and other acts of the ruler give unmistakable signs of a very bright and glorious future before him. As the vane shows the direction of the wind so does the past decade’s career of this able and worthy young Chief bear ample testimony to his capacity to rule his subjects right and well. Tt is no wonder that the State should advance in importance and prosperity by leaps and bounds under such a careful and well-meaning guide. It will not be amiss to note in this place that from the time of the British management to the present day the State has spent the equivalent of about £1,000,000 in public works, general improvements and railways. Besides the railways it possesses one hundred miles of metalled roads, which are always kept in good repairs. The State owns nearly eighty schools, including Anglo-vernacular and vernacular schools. Sanscrit Pathshalas, girls’ schools, Urdu schools and night schools, all maintained at an annual expenditure of 30,000 rupees. His Highness has spent Rs. 2,50,000 on the education of boys and girls during the past ten years, against Rs. 1,30,000 spent during the past ten years of his minority, and the tendency is still on the increase. His Highness has recently founded in his capital a Girasia College, at a cost of about a lakh and a half of rupees, for the benetit of the sons of pettylandlords who are very backward in education. It is a boarding institution on the model of a public school in England. The State supports two large hospitals and four dispensaries, including the traveling one. The medical department is under the direct supervision of His Highness, who takes consider- able interest in its improvement by introducing many useful reforms and wholesome changes in the internal arrangement and general management of all the medical institutions of the State. His Highness has also recently created a new appointment of Health Officer, whose duties, among other things, are to effect such measures of sanitary reform as would tend to provide pure water, better drainage, proper conserviency and an efficient mode of disposing of filth. This is considered to be an important step in advance. His Highness’ State is the only one in Kathiawar which regularly publishes its annual reports. The telegraph connects his capital with the rest of the world. The State has a well-organized police, maintained at a yearly cost of Rs. 1,40,000, as also post offices, courts of justice, municipalities and various other institutions like those in the British territories. His Highness exercises full civil and criminal jurisdiction over his subjects, who number 1,61,036 souls according to the last census. His Highness has just introduced a change in the system of collecting land revenue in the State, for the time-honored system of recovering annual State demands of land revenue in kind is substituted by the cash payment system, which seems to be popular with the cultivating classes. Agricultural shows are held at fixed intervals and industrial prospects of the country are carefully improved. The Chief is a man of studious habits and refined tastes. Everybody, high or low, can gain access to him at any time. This kind of accessibility has rendered his highness popular among those who have to come in contact with him. He is fortunate in so far that he has a singularly gifted spouse in the person of Rani Shri Nandkunverba, daughter of the late Maharana of Dharampore, whose biography appears in proximity to this. His Highness was elected Honorary President of an important section by the Organizing Committee of the Eighth International Congress of Hygiene and Demography in Budapest. He was also elected Vice-President of the Indian Medical Association. His Highness has four sons and two daughters. The heir-apparent, named Bhojraj, is fourteen years old and is studying at Eton. Her Highness Nandkuverba, C. I., Rani Saheb, Gondal. Her Highness Nandkuverba, the accomplished spouse of His Highness the Thakore Saheb of Gondal, is the second daughter of His Highness Narandevji, the late Maharana of Dharampur. The Chiefs of Dharampur claim descent from Ram, King of Ayodhya, and belong to the Solar race of the Rajputs. Their patronymic is Seesodia as, according to a legend, one of their ancestors, who, through deception, was made to take a morsel of forbidden flesh, had to expiate the enormity of the sin by swallowing a quantity of boiling lead (seesa). The original abode of the Sun-born was Oude, but Lava, one of the two sons of Ram, conquered the Western provinces and founded the city of Lavapur, now called Lahore, on the banks of the river Ravi. His descendants migrated to Mewar, Gujrat and other parts of the country, and founded inde- pendent dynasties there. In the twelfth century Ramshah, an enterprising chief, laid the foundation of the Dharampur Raj which he called Ramnagar after his own name. Among the chiefs that followed, the most distinguished was Dharamdevji, who established the city of Dharampur in A.C. 1766, and made it the capital of his principality. He is the seventh ancestor of the subject of our sketch. - Her Highness Nandkuverba was from her infancy considered a very promising princess, and her childhood was marked with thoughtfulness, intelligence and gentleness. She was fondly loved by every member of her family, whose affection she was never slow to reciprocate. At home her training was of an elementary character—not going beyond the three R’s, but this went a great way in forming a solid ground-work of her future education. In 1882, at the age of fifteen, she was led to the hymeneal altar by His Highness Bhagvat Sinhjee, Thakore Saheb of Gondal. The marriage was celebrated with due pomp and ceremony. The chiefs of Gondal (32) are Jadeja Rajputs, scions of the renowned Krishna, and belong to the Lunar race. It will appear from these pedigrees that the match was quite unexceptionable. From the moment she entered her husband’s house the chief care of Rani Nandkuverba has been to please her lord and be agreeable to him in every way. She seems to have laid to heart the noble maxim of Seeta, Ram’s devoted wife, who says: ‘““ A woman’s bliss is found, not in the smile Of father, mother, friend, nor in herself; Her husband is her only portion here, Her heaven hereafter.’ Her devotion to her husband is a by-word in Gondal. Though brought up in a thoroughly conservative atmosphere she feit not the least difficulty in assimilating her ideas with those of the Thakore Saheb who holds radical views on social matters. In India, women of the better classes seldom go abroad, and the ladies of a Rajput family are, as a rule, strictly secluded But this courageous lady, with a view to acting in concert with the wishes and inclinations of her beloved lord, set aside the time-honored prejudices, discarded the purda’, and moved about unrestrainedly in his company. Those who are unacquainted with the manners and customs of the Rajput ladies can hardly realize the courage and fortitude Her Highness has displayed in thus going against the current of popular opinion. In a country where a king’s wife is some- times described as one who never sees the sun, surely Rani Nandkuverba deserves praise for defying the power of public criticism and exposing herself to the calumny of her people in doing what she considers to be right and harmless. She is a woman of resolute determination, and when once she is convinced that the step she has taken is not wrong or improper, she will stick to it in spite of malevolent detractions and adverse opinions. Seclusion of the women was not practiced in ancient India, and even at the present day it finds favor with a few com- munities only. The custom has possibly come into vogue since the time of the Mahomedan invasions of the country, and has been copied to some extent from the Mussulmans, of whose religious law it forms a part. The moral courage the Rani has shown in social life is due chiefly to the education she received under her husband’s roof. Her Highness is in the habit of spending her leisure hours in reading wholesome literature, and has devoted much attention to the study of English. Her acquaintance with the current vernacular literature is very creditable indeed. She is fond of the Purans, which contain portions of historical and geographical knowledge of ancient India, and the reading of moral episodes from the great epics—the Ramayen and the Mahabharat— has done much to broaden her views and to infuse into her mind thoughts and ideas which have had an ennobling influence on her character. She has been a great helpmeet to her husband, whose heart she has won by her matchless virtues and loving tenderness. One will hardly ever find Her Highness unoccupied, and her influence on the Palace people is of the healthiest. Despite her exalted position, she has not neglected to study the science of household manage- ment, in which all her highest feelings are called into exercise. In the beginning of 1890 this Rani Saheb became dangerously ill and her life was despaired of. Fortunately the disease took a favorable turn and she partially recovered, to the joy of every one who knew her. Her doctors strongly advised her to go on a long sea voyage, and reside for a time in England under the best medical treatment available there. This wasa hard nut to crack, for she had never traveled beyond Kathiawar. She, however, plucked up conrage and set sail with her husband on the twenty-first of March. She was the first of her class and rank to proceed to England and stay there for over two years. During that period, thanks to the skill of the Edinburgh doctors, her health considerably improved. His Highness the Thakore Saheb, in replying to a congratulatory address from his subjects, pronounced the When the object that brought her to England was fully accomplished, she had reason to congratulate Her joy was enhanced when, in 1892, Her Majesty the Queen was pleased to confer on her the Maharani’s recovery to be “one of the greatest triumphs of British Medicine.” herself on her enterprise in crossing the ocean, or the Kala pani as it is called in India. membership of the Order of the Crown of India, an honor which was highly appreciated by her numerous friends and admirers. Her Highness has had several opportunities of seeing Her Majesty, from whom she has always received much attention and kindness. On her return journey she took occasion, in company with her husband, to visit, besides the Continent of Europe, America, Japan, China, Australia and Ceylon, and thus practically made a tour round the world. This was the first example of a Rajput princess undertaking so daring an enterprise. She is a shrewd observer of men and manners that come in her way, and her notebook is always by her side. Itis hoped that she may be induced to give to the world the impressions formed upon her mind by the grand tour. A hearty welcome awaited her in Gondal, when the people enthusiastically greeted Their Highnesses, who are perhaps the most traveled couple in India. Her Highness is a warm advocate of female education, and takes a keen interest in the elevation of her sex. She now and then enlivens the speech-days at the State girls’ schools by her thoughtful and practical remarks. On one occasion, while addressing the pupils of the Gondal Girls’ School, Her Highness expressed herself to the following effect: ‘‘ Girls, this is the time for you to learn; you should make the best possible use of it. In ancient times, many very learned ladies, such as Maitreyee Gargee, Leela and others flourished in our country. Keep their examples before your eyes. In the great philosophical controversy between Man- danmishra and Shankara-Charaya, Leela—Mandanmishra’s wife—was appointed umpire, with the consent of both the disputants. Her knowledge was so high that she was believed by the people to be an incarnation of Sarasvati or the goddess of learning. The erudition of Maitreyee and Gargee is well known. Their words of wisdom are read with reverence by great If their high standard of proficiency is difficult to reach, you should at least know as much of reading, pandits. Many other such instances can be cited from among our class. writing, singing, keeping accounts, sewing, knitting, cooking, and other domestic work, as is essential to your worldly requirements. Virtue and morality are equally essential—perhaps more so. For it is better to be moral and virtuous without learning than to become learned and be addicted to questionable habits. Where learning and virtue are found together, it is as good as ‘gold with fragrance.” Therefore bear this in mind, and zealously devote yourselves to study.” On another occasion she thus impressed her own idea of education upon her female hearers: ‘‘ Education is a great ornament to our class. It is a more valuable and beautiful possession than jewels and rich clothing. Therefore it is necessary that you should make good use of whatever opportunities you have before you for studying. This alone is the best way of becoming happy in life. Men and women may be variously mismated, some in age, some in disposition, but those who are mismated in education are the worst mated of all, and are more unhappy than any of the others. Where the mother is educated, there the children are better trained.” Education of women on western models is, however, a new experiment in India, where the people are conservative to the core. Every innovation is looked upon by them with suspicion. It is therefore all the more difficult to popularize female education in Native States, which are the strongholds of orthodoxy. These difficulties were well anticipated by Her 3 (33) Highness in a neat speech recently delivered at the Female Training College at Rajkot, and it will not be out of place to give an extract from it here: ‘‘It is not easy to keep an institution like this in a flourishing condition, as the education of grown-up women is looked upon as an innovation in our country. Ishould not be surprised if the people of the old school came to look upon this new undertaking with anything but satisfaction. It rests, however, with the present students to prove that education is an ornament, edifyingand not debasing, and that age does Many of you, my young friends, are desirous of taking up work as teachers, and I wish you every success in your undertaking. But your self-imposed But then to teach is to learn in another form, and knowledge acquired is not perfected unless it is imparted not, at any rate, detract from its merits. task is by no means an easy one. To learn and to teach are two different things. to others. You must remember that the provinces of males and females are quite distinct, and consequently the ways of educating the two must necessarily differ. There may be some points in common. But the most important part of our education lies in creating good obedient wives, devoted to their husbands in both prosperity and adversity. The good wives will prove good mothers, and will be impressed with the duty of bringing up their children carefully. In cases of ordinary sickness mothers should know what simple remedies to use. Neatness also forms a part of female education. In this as well as in other civilized countries a clean and tidy house reflects no small credit on the housewife. You should also be free from dependence on servants in household matters, whether they be cooking, or mending clothes, or fetching water, etc. All must admit that the introduction of water-pipes in cities like Rajkot is a great blessing; at the same time it is a matter for regret that the pleasant sight of healthy robust women returning from the rivers or wells with their water-pots is fast disappearing. Attention to household matters tends not only to the saving of money, but also gives excellent physical exercise to the women of this country. I do not advocate females neglecting the duties in their proper sphere, and, for want of such exercise, taking to manly sports, as is done in some of the countries of Europe. When you finish your course here, do not think you have learnt all you should. Your education here prepares you for the higher education in the great School of Life. virtuous and accomplished ladies of past and present times.” Let me advise you with all my heart to keep before your mental eye the lives of our In 1895, Her Highness again accompanied her husband to England with a view to install the heir-apparent of the State at Eton. This young prince has a very promising career before him. The Maharani was present at Moscow to witness the Coronation of the present Czar and cheerfully took part in all the social functions with her husband. Her graceful figure did not fail to attract notice in London at the time of the recent Diamond Jubilee. She is, in short, a model Rajput princess, always ready to share her joys and sorrows with her beloved lord. She has a quick and clear understanding, with a strong natural sense of the fitness of things. Though free from superstitions, she is exceedingly pious. Her extensive travels in foreign countries have not in the least shaken her faith in Hinduism. She distributes a large sum annually among the poor and assists the afflicted in all possible ways. SZ AAA ZS, His HiGHNESS DIVAN SHRI, MAHAKHAN SIR SHER MAHOMED Kuang, G. C. 1. E., CHIEF OF PALANPUR. Sir Sher Mahomed Khanji, K. C. I. E., Chief of Palanpur. The subject of this sketch, Sir Sher Mahomed Khanji, K. C. I. E., the present ruler of Palanpur, belongs to the tribe of the Lohanee Pathans of Afghanistan. Hisancestorsheld highly responsible state offices in Behar, under the Taglak dynasty of Delhi. For some reason or other, Khoramkhanji, the founder of the kingdom, emigrated from Behar into Marwad, with numerous followers. That province at the time was under the domination of Vesaldev, a Rajput chief, the city of Jalore being the capital of the kingdom. Shortly after Khoramkhanji had settled there, Visaldev fell a victim to the treachery of the rival monarch of Jodhpur, and this unhappy event gave rise to ruinous discussions among the remaining members of Visaldev’s family, and thus carved out for Khoramkhanji an easy way to the throne of Marwad. His high administrative capacity enabled him without bloodshed to confirm himself in his newly acquired power, and, on his death, which occurred soon after his installation, to leave the gadi to his son Yusufkhanji. These events appear to have occurred in the middle of the fifteenth century of the Christian era, and thus what is authentic of the history of the kingdom of Palanpur may be taken as having occurred since—covering altogether a period of about four and a half centuries. The boundaries of the kingdom seem to have changed from time to time, as a result, no doubt, of a keen conflict of interests due to the whole of India having been par- titioned into provinces, ruled by independent rival monarchs, all of them powerful and ambitious. No event of any historic importance seems to have occurred within the limits of the kingdom, other than the transfer of the seat of government from Jalore to Palanpur at the end of the seventeenth century. Sir Sher Mahomed Khanji is the twenty-eighth in descent from Khoramkhanji, the founder. He wasa minor when his predecessor died, and the government of the State was accordingly conducted in his name by a regent, until 1877, when, having come of age, he took the reins of power into his own hands. From the numerous and costly works of wholesome reform interspersed throughout his domains, he may be reckoned amongst the most enlightened of the Native princes of India. He isdevotedly attached to the British Government—an attach- ment, by the bye, which seems to have been a legacy from his predecessors, who are recorded to have clung to the British power both at the time of the Indian Mutiny and in similar critical situations. He is, moreover, of a very liberal and philanthropic disposition, and many charitable institutions in the kingdom owe their existence to his regal munificence. Apart from the readiness with which he has always come forward to further railway extension by princely donations, in the shape of grants of either land or money, the zeal with which he has throughout his whole career tried to promote the interests of agriculture in his dominions, ameliorate the lot of the peasantry, render arable vast wastes of unproductive lands, dessemi- nate the blessings of education, encourage technical arts, and last but not least, to alleviate human suffering and misery by means of hospitals, dispensaries, vaccination establishments, and fire-brigade stations, plainly bespeaks him to be a model chief, fully in touch with the institutions and traditions of the West. But, above all, his name will ever be lovingly associated by his subjects with two reforms in particular, viz.: The abolition of toll-exaction from foot passengers, and the abolition of the compulsory rendering of services to the sovereign, —a system which has in all ages been used as an instrument to swell the pride and luxury of the despot, and which, being founded in utter injustice and heartlessness, constitutes even the immortal structures of Egypt mute reproaches upon the memory of its tyrant rulers. i His Highness Sher Mahomed Khanji was created a Knight Commander of the Eminent Order of the Indian Empire by Her Majesty the Queen-Empress in 1893. His Highness Maharana Shree Sir Jasvatsingji, K. C. I. E., Thakore Saheb of Limbdi. The royal house of Limbdi takes its origin from Mangoji, the second son of Hurpaldeo, who ruled at Patadi in the beginning of the tenth century. Maharana Sir Jasvatsingji, K. C. I. E. was born on the twenty-third of May, 18509. His Highness is a typical Rajput with a fine physique. His countenance betokens high breeding, a mild and amiable disposition combined with firmness and virtue. In January, 1862, a mournful event took place in the premature death of Thakore Saheb Fatesingji, the father of the present Thakore Saheb. The young prince was, at that time, only three years old. an English officer as superintendent for the better government of the State, during the prince’s The British Government assumed the temporary administration in 1867, and appointed minority. The Thakore Saheb, when old enough, received tuition in the palace in a class composed of some half a dozen boys. The young Maharaja joined the Rajkumar College in February, 1871, where he reached the seventh standard in English, in addition to acquiring a fair knowledge of Sanskrit, Urdu and Persian. His close application to study and his high mental powers not only secured him a seat in the first class, but he was able to attain the first position in the highest class before his college career ended. His affable manners and courteous demeanor won golden opinions from the principal of the college and the British political officers of the day. He was the recipient of many prizes for good conduct, general progress and for physical culture. The Governor of Bombay, in the administration report for the year 1873-74, was pleased to record that ‘‘“The young Thakore is the most promising of the princes of the Rajkumar He is at the head of the first class, and, if he continues his studies after his marriage, During the Thakore Saheb’s minority he was betrothed, according to the hereditary custom of the Rajputs, to College. it is hoped that he may be able to pass the matriculation examination. ’’ Princess Mongheeba, of Bela, and Princess Majirajba, of Roha, and when he married, on the twelfth of May, 1874, the celebration was of a magnificent character. He subsequently married Princess Devkoonverba, of Raj-Pipla, in March, 1879, and Princess Bai Rajba, of Utelia, and on both of these occasions money was lavishly spent, both in hospitality and charity. The Thakore Saheb has had the honor to visit their Royal Highnesses the Prince of Wales and the Duke of Connaught, as well as the Earls of Northbrook and Dufferin, the Marquis of Ripon and the Marquis of Lansdowne, and these distinguished personages were highly pleased with his uncommon abilities and his intimate knowledge of English. His Royal Highness the Prince of Wales was further pleased to present the Thakore Saheb with a silver medal, as a special mark of his appreciation, and to remark at the termination of the visit that ‘‘he would not forget the young Maharaja.’’ His Highness sailed from Bombay in April, 1876, in company with Mr. MacNaughten, the principal of the Rajkumar College. Very few princes at this time had ventured to cross the ocean, and the Thakore Saheb was the first Kathiawar chief to visit England. Mr. MacNaughten had the honor of introducing his pupil to H. I. M. the Empress of Germany, Lord and Lady Salisbury and many members of the English aristocracy. During his sojourn in England the young Maharaja visited many places of interest, the principal amongst them being the two Houses of Parliament, the Mint, the British Museum, St. Paul’s Cathedral, the Crystal Palace, the East Indian Museum and the University of Cambridge. He also visited various centres of commercial and industrial activity, which widened his sphere of knowledge and developed his intellect He also visited Scotland and the Isle of Skye. England he associated himself with the Judicial Assistant, under whom he acquired an to a great extent. On his return from insight in the intricacies of law and made himself familiar with the procedure of a judicial court. Finding him competent to control the affairs of State, Government entrusted the young Maharaja, at first with limited powers, and subsequently with full jurisdiction over the State. knowledge in the Revenue, Judicial, Municipal apd Public Works Department, and managed At this time he had not attained his majority. He enlarged the sphere of his their affairs at the tender age of eighteen with extreme ability. The Thakore Saheb’s culture, his intimacy with the most difficult problems that arise between the ruler and the ruled; and his ability to express his views in polished English, attracted the attention of His Excellency, Sir James Fergusson, who offered him a seat in the Local Legislative Council in the following highly complimentary terms: ‘‘1roth June, 1884. ‘‘My Dear Friend: A vacancy occurs in the Legislative Council of this Presidency on the 17th instant. It has occurred to me that possibly you may not be averse to accept of a seat. The ordinary tenure is two years. The motive in offering it to you is my sense of your abilities, acquirements and administration, and my desire to mark that sense in a public The meetings of the Legislative Council are not frequent, and it is my habit to study, as far as manner. It would also be personally agreeable to me to be thus associated with you. possible, the convenience of the honorable members in fixing them. I hope, therefore, that you may find it convenient to accept the appointment. ‘Your sincere friend, (sd.), JAMES FERGUSSON.’ The Maharaja accepted the offer and performed his duties for two years. The Watan- dars and Matadars bills were introduced in the Council during his tenure of office, and were referred to a Select Committee, of which the Thakore Saheb was a member. He perceived that the measures under consideration encroached upon the long-cherished rights and priv- ileges of the Matadars and Watandars, who had rendered valuable services to previous Gov- ernments, and so he dissented from his European colleagues in several important points in the proposed measures. In a separate report he suggested certain modifications and amend- ments. Before the proposed measures could be disposed of the Council was adjourned, and when it reassembled his term of office had expired, and he was not able to participate in the subsequent debates on these bills. His Excellency Lord Reay, appreciated the Maharaja’s brilliant abilities, as will be seen from the following letter of his Lordship’s at the termination of his career as a member of the Council : ‘‘My Dear Friend: Now that your term of office in the Legislative Council has expired, I write to say how sorry I am. Government will be deprived in the future of your services, and I must be permitted to add that, in you Kathiawad had a most worthy representative. The difficulty of making appointments to the Legislative Council is very great, and you will not consider it an idle compliment when I say that it causes me deep regret that the other claims, which I cannot overlook, do not enable me to give this Presidency the continuation of your services in a position so worthily filled by you. I need not say that it will always give me the. greatest pleasure to hear your opinion on any matter which concerns the welfare of the Presidency or of Kathiawad. I remain, dear Thakore Saheb, ‘‘Your sincere friend, 48d.) REAY. ‘‘Ganesh Khind, June 21, 1886.’ (9%) His HIGHNESS MAHARANA SHREE SIR JASVATSING]I, K. C. I. E., T'HAKORE OF LIMBDI. Two successive governors of Bombay have thus borne testimony to the Maharaja’s administrative abilities as a member of the Bombay Legislative Council. It is not unreason- ably hoped that he may be invited some day to accept a seat in the Supreme Legislative Council and give the benefit of his ability to the Viceroy in Council. On the occasion of the visit of Lord Reay to Limbdi, His Lordship, in response to the cordial welcome accorded to him in the reception room of the Durbar Hall, announced his deep regret at the termina- tion of His Highness’ tenure of office as a member of Council and said that he could not turn to anyone for better advice than the Maharaja on questions of land tenure, railways or the abolition of transit duties. Some extracts are here given from the speech delivered by His Lordship on this occasion : ‘I was well aware that among the States of Kathiawad this was one which was admin- istered with sagacity and shrewdness, and it was a very fortunate thing for me when I came to Bombay, without any knowledge of the Chiefs of Kathiawad, that you, Thakore Saheb, were the one I had the pleasure of being thrown into frequent intercourse with, and I must say that I regret deeply that the link which united us in the Legislative Council had to be severed. I know that I cannot turn to anyone for better advice, when I want it, than yours, in matters relating to the great province, on every occasion, when I had to settle questions of land tenure, or of railways or that important question of the abolition of transit duties have always found that your opinion was worth having, and it was given with that straight- forwardness and shrewdness which characterize your words and writings. Mr. Peile, your friend, when I came to this presidency, spoke to me of you as being, in this province, one of the leading chiefs. His opinion has been quite confirmed by my personal experience.’ The Thakore Saheb took part in the celebration of the Jubilee of Her Majesty the Queen-Empress in 1887, forming one of the deputation of three chiefs sent by all the Kathiawar Chiefs to convey to Her Majesty their expressions of loyalty and to present many princely gifts. Her Majesty was pleased to grant the Maharaja the honor of an audience, in which she kindly enquired after the welfare of the Indian subjects generally, and Kathiawad people particularly, and asked many other questions to which the Maharaja replied with his usual modesty and characteristic ability. Her Majesty was graciously pleased to bestow, with her own hand, upon the Maharaja, the decoration of K. C. I. E., in addition to an auto- graph photo. of herself. The Maharaja proceeded to Scotland and also to Ireland, and sub- sequently he went to the United States of America and visited the prominent cities of that country. President Cleveland warmly greeted the Maharaja at the White House in Wash- ington. He paid visits to New York, Boston, Chicago and Niagara, and extended his tour as far as San Francisco. The New York Herald gave an account of His Highness as follows :— ¢‘Jasvatsingji is a young man of about twenty-eight years of age, and in his appearance and bearing is a fine representative of the land ‘where the East with richest hand showers on her kings barbaric pearl and gold.’ In manner he is frank and affable, and his conversa- tions shows him to be remarkably fluent and a master of the Queen’s English, with no hampering accent that generally mars the speech of those born in a land where English is not the mother tongue.’’ In an interview with a press representative, His Highess being asked how he enjoyed his sojourn in the New World, replied, ‘“This country is one of the most remarkable in the world in point of material development; I may say, the most remarkable of any age. Its progress is astounding. Commercial activity seems to stamp every city, and industrial expansion seems to mark every town. Difficulties, however great in the way of national progress, seem to vanish before the light of a knowledge that penetrates all recesses, and before a persistent spirit whose purpose knows no check. From one ocean to the other this genius of the New World predominates every heart.”’ On being further questioned whether the republican form of government was suitable to the condition of the people of the United States, he added: ‘‘The republican form of government suits the country, but it would not suit us. Every country will have whatever form of government suits it best. Whenever it appears that a republican form of government will best answer in Limbdi, the people of On enthusiasm prevailed among his subjects who presented him with addresses of welcome, Limbdi will have a republic.” his return home from his second voyage great and were greatly delighted to have him amongst them once more. The Maharaja is a liberal supporter and staunch advocate of education. He has founded exhibitions in the local English school and awarded scholarships for deserving but poor youths. His Highness has maintained and helped in England sons of both his official and Bhaiyat subjects, one of whom obtained a medical degree, while two are studying for the bar. The Thakore Saheb is firmly convinced that before the regeneration of India can take place the women must be educated, consequently he lends every assistance to this object, and countless With a view to promote irrigation he has constructed canals and embankments, and to ameliorate the condition millions will one day bless his memory for his work in this connection. of the agricultural classes he has wisely introduced in the State villages the system of Vighoti (cash payments) instead of payments in kind. ILimbdi boasts of a general committee, composed of twenty-four members, who control and supervise municipal administration under the patronage of His Highness. He understands well the Brij-Bhasha in which eminent poets and authors have composed epic and tragic verses of a pathetic character. Sir Jasvatsinhji is a steadfast votary of the god Shiva, though he equally reveres the other Hindoo divinities and is a well read man in the Hindoo scriptures. He engages himself in divine service, observing the religious duties prescribed by the Shastras. The purity of his life has elicited for him the title of the “ Great Januk,” who was an ornament in bygone ages and was endowed with great wisdom. Upon the authority of the Vedant Philosophy the Maharaja says that ‘‘ one may divert the Nile, drink the Pacific Ocean dry, root out from their base the Himalayan Moun- tains and swallow fire ; but more difficult than all these is to control the mind, without which no liberation is possible. He further thinks all desire is ignorance, the destruction of desire is liberation, and this liberation is brought about only by ceasing to desire. The mind is in bondage, owing to the thought, ‘‘‘I am not Brahma,’ but realizes entire freedom from the conviction ‘I am Brahma.’ ’ The Maharaja is entitled to a salute of nine guns and exercises full civil and criminal jurisdiction over his territories. From a perusal of the foregoing it will readily be under- stood that the Thakore Saheb of Limbdi is regarded with feelings of the deepest affection, not only by the people of his own State, but also by many others, who justly regard him as one of the wisest, most cultured and humane rulers which it has pleased the Almighty to give On the occasion of the Diamond Jubilee of Her Majesty the Queen-Empress, in 1897, Her Majesty was India to guide the people toward that fuller and better life which is opening to them. greatly pleased to present the Thakare Saheb with a gold clasp in commemoration of the event. BRE SAREE 3 RAN FANNER Stone Wi BO hh tS NRL ol EEE AR His HIGHNESS MAHARANA SHRI BALSING)I, THAKORE SAHEB oF WADHWAN. (38) His Highness Maharana Shri Balsingji, Thakore Saheb of Wadhwan. The present ruler of Wadhwan is Maha Rana Shri Balsingji, the ninth in descent, and eighth ruler, from Rajaji, son of Prithirajji, the founder of the ruling house of Wadhwan He was born in 1865, and is the second son of Chandiasingji and grandson of Rajasingji. He was educated at the Rajkumar College at Rajkote, with his elder brother, Daji Raj Saheb. He studied at the college from 1873 to 1881. Whilst at the college he figured with credit both in the classroom and on the playground. He was always the leader of his fellow-students and was much liked by his principal and the masters. His principal entertained such a high opinion of his abilities and assiduity that he singled him out as one of the first candidates to be sent to England to complete his education. But his elder brother, who was then Thakore Saheb, objected, and the idea was abandoned. Balsingji, while at college was an excellent cricketer, and he also distinguished himself in all other manly sports, whether on foot or on horseback. After leaving college, in 1881, he was entrusted, by his brother, with different offices in the State. Associated with the head of the revenue depart- ment and with the head of the police, as superintendent of the State police and of the State gaol, he discharged all these functions efficiently and earned well deserved encomiums both in 1630. from his brother and the general public. During the latter part of his brother’s rule the present Thakore Saheb was implicitly trusted by him and, to give the young prince a greater and wider experience, they went to England and the Continent together, where they stayed for about eight months. Daji Raj Saheb died in May, 1885, leaving no male issue, and, having adopted no heir, he was succeeded by the present Thakore Saheb. For about six months Balsingji was associated with Mr. Ganpatrao Narayen Laud in the administration of the State, but on the twentieth of November, 1885, he was invested with full powers by the then acting political agent, Lieutenant-Colonel Nutt. Immediately on taking up the reins of government the Thakore Saheb devoted himself to the promotion of the prosperity and happiness of the thousands committed to his care. The Daji Raj School was opened in 1888, and is now in a flourishing condition, with 275 boys on its roll. The school has an efficient staff of teachers, three of whom are graduates of the Bombay University. The annual expenditure of this school amounts to nearly 8ooo rupees. The Daji Raj water works have also been opened and the people are supplied, at their own doors, with water, on payment of a nominal charge of eight annas a month. A spacious and handsome building for a girls’ school in Wadhwan city, and a supply market for the Wadhwan Civil Station have also been constructed. The Thakore Saheb has wisely postponed the opening of a technical institute until the education of his people is further advanced. The revenue branch of the State has also engaged the attention of the Thakore Saheb. Several taxes hitherto paid by the culti- vators who have always been the object of his special care and attention, have been remitted. Deeply impressed with the improvident nature of most of the cultivator class he opened a modified State Agricultural Bank to save the poor and ignorant from the clutches of the grasping Bania usurer. This produced excellent results and now there are very few culti- vators who are in want of pecuniary assistance. Thus, with the remission of taxes the facilities afforded to borrow on easy terms and the care taken by the Thakore Saheb to warn To ensure better administration of the revenue department the Thakore Saheb felt the necessity them against unnecessary expenditure the ryots are now in a flourishing condition. of a complete and exact land record, and, with this view, he ordered a revenue survey of the whole State. The work was commenced in 1893, and is now nearly complete. Most of the owners of houses in Wadhwan city had no valid title deeds, and selling or mortgaging house property was fraught with inconvenience and difficulty. The tax called ‘‘chouth’’ on private (39) sales of houses and house sites varied from twenty-five to thirty-three per cent of the pur- chase-money. This was a great hardship both to sellers and buyers of this description of property and private sales were greatly hampered thereby. To remove these difficulties regulations were enacted requiring the owners of houses to produce their title deeds, or establish their claim to their property. They also provided that, in the event of the claim being established, the owner should be given title-deeds on payment of certain fees regulated in proportion to the length of the period of possession. The ‘‘chouth’’ was reduced to six’ and a quarter per cent of the sale price, on condition that the vendor should produce a title deed before he claimed the reduction. This innovation, like all innovations, however necessary and well meant, was unwelcome to some persons. The ignorant and illiterate not being alive to the benefit these regulations conferred, and misled by interested parties, The Thakore Saheb, however, with the firmness of character which he possesses, reasoned with the leaders of the received them with a great deal of discontent and dissatisfaction. dissatisfied party and eventually succeeded in showing them the wisdom, justice and The Thakore Saheb next devoted his attention to the system of collecting the State’s share of the land produce. propriety of the new regulations. The system hitherto in vogue was a complicated one, as besides the State’s share several additional levies were made and coliected in kind. The poor and ignorant cultivators were at the mercy of the village accountant and the collectors of the State’s share, and had to be content with what they left him, as his share. The payment in kind of perquisites, locally called lavajams, to village servants, artisans and beggars from the gross produce was irregular and harassing to the cultivator and was commuted from payment in kind to payment in cash from the State Treasury. The cultivators are required to make three equal shares of their produce and the Durbar selects and takes one of the three as the State’s share and the cultivators are allowed to carry home the remaining two-thirds as their share. This new system is looked upon by the cultivators as an everlasting boon conferred on them. Additions to the rent-paying land have been made by a necessary and desirable change in the system of payments to village watchmen (pasaytas). These watchmen were, till 18go, remunerated for their services by grants of land, rent free. On inquiry it was found that there was no fixed quantity of land, which should be so enjoyed. In some cases it was more, and in some cases it was less, in proportion to the service rendered by the pasaytas. It was also found out that, though these pasaytas held these lands merely on service tenure and had no right to burden them with debt, yet they borrowed money on the security of these lands and thus defeated the very object for which the land had been granted them rent free, viz, their maintenance. When these pasaytas had transferred their lands, they were obliged to earn their bread as day laborers, and thus the interest of the public service suffered. Under these circumstances it was thought both expedient and politic to pay the pasaytas in cash instead of by grants of land free of rent as hitherto. At the same time, those who wished to rent the land they possessed, the same as other cultivators, were not dispossessed. When the Thakore Saheb took charge of the State there was apparently a surplus in the treasury, but the debts were very heavy. To his credit, however, be it said, he has not only been able to pay these debts, but to carry out many important public works, and that, not by increasing taxation, but by reducing it. During the late Thakore Saheb’s reign the gross income of the State Khata lands was Rs. 4,471,794, and it is now the same in spite of the bad years during the last The charges on this income in the shape of tribute Zostalah and Jumma are There- fore there are left over 300,000 rupees to meet the demand of the Thakore Saheb’s own civil decade. annually 44,000 or 45,000 rupees, and the Jevai changes on the same, 33,000 rupees. list, administration charges and extraordinary charges on account of improvements and casualties. During the present rule the annual expenses of a permanent character have increased by 17,500 rupees, and those of a temporary character by from 15,000 rupees to 20,000 rupees. The Daji Raj High School establishment charges, expenditure on account of municipal improvements; scholarships for poor Girasias; the revenue survey establishment ; supervision charges and charges for the education of the princess; are all necessary, but are new items of expenditure, which had not to be met in the late Thakore’s time. To meet the most pressing demand of his mercantile and agricultural subjects the Thakore Saheb had also to spend nearly 100,000 rupees in the erection of a cotton ginning factory and a dharamsala—the latter mainly for the use of the cultivators visiting Wadhwan on business. Notwithstanding all these items of expenditure it is a matter of no small congratulation that the financial position of the Stateis, at present, highly satisfactory, and though charges of profligacy may be brought against other native princes of India, none can be made against the Thakore Saheb of Wadhwan. the judicial administration of the State. British India acts to the courts of the State. of the powers of the Huzur Court. When the present Thakore Saheb ascended the Gadi some Improvements have been made by the Thakore Saheb in The greatest of these has been the application of Another improvement effected is the exercise criminal matters and sessions cases were decided in the Huzur Court, and civil matters were entertained. On the face of it, this procedure was highly objectionable, inasmuch as it left persons affected by the decision of the original court without a chance of appealing against such decision. The application of the spirit of the British India acts must necessarily bring elements of reform in its wake. The real merit of reform is to ensure honesty and efficiency. The guiding principal of the Thakore Saheb’s reign has been reform, not revolution. After making inquiries regarding the aptitude and capabilities of the people in the city itself, the Improvements have also been made in the municipal administration of the State. Thakore Saheb found that they could not yet be trusted with the duties and responsibilities of local self-government. In order, therefore, to train his subjects in such matters he decided to conduct the municipal business by means of a committee. The members of this committee were selected by the Durbar from the various communities in the city from social circles and is presided over by the Thakore Saheb. A sub-committee was appointed, to conduct the ordinary business, which was presided over by the Chief Karbhari of the State as vice- president. This order of things continued for four years, when the Thakore Saheb thought that the people, having had experience in the management of municipal affairs, some advance should be made toward local self-government as a tentative measure. A committee was, therefore, appointed to draft rules on the lines of the District Municipal Act of 1884. The draft being prepared, it was discussed before the general committee and passed in the beginning of 1892, and since then the municipal administration has been conducted solely by the people as in advanced cities under British rule, with the exception that, while in zilla towns the members of the corporation and the district boards are elected by the people, they are, in Wadhwan, selected by the Durbar. But further than the appointment of the general committee there is practically no interference by the State in the management of municipal affairs. The bestowal of this right on the people is unique, not only in Kathiawad, but throughout the whole of native India, for though there are municipalities in almost all the native States, nowhere is the management of the income and expenditure entrusted to a rep- resentative body. In Wadhwan the right of collection and disposal of certain items of revenue, for municipal purposes amounting to 15,000 rupees a year, has been vested by the Thakore Saheb in the corporation. The hitherto narrow roads and streets of the city are being gradually widened and are kept clean and well lighted. There are several fine public buildings in the city which improve its appearance, and are of great use to the general (40) public. There are the Daji Raj High School; the Daji Raj Waterworks; the dharamsala; the Lady Reay Girls’ School; the Guest House, and the Cotton Ginning and Pressing Factory. A fine palace is also in course of construction and is well nigh finished. There are about twenty schools in the Wadhwan State, among which are the Daji Raj High School; the Girls’ School at Wadhwan and Nagnesh, and an Anglo-Vernacular School at the last named town. The management of these schools was entrusted to the Educational Department of the Bombay Presidency till 1893, when this branch of the administration was also taken over by the Thakore Saheb. When taking over the control of the schools the Thakore Saheb saw that the junior assistants of the primary schools were poorly paid and inefficient. He there- fore remodeled the scale of salaries, and the department is now in a healthy state of progress. The expenditure on this account is 20,000 rupees annually, all of which is paid by the State. The Thakore Saheb has not been neglectful of the needs of his fellow Rajputs, as he has founded four scholarships, each of 250 rupees a year to be awarded to the students of the Thala Rajput race studying in the Talukdari Gerasia schools. He is a great advocate of female education, and, believing that example is better than precept, he has engaged the services of an English lady, at an annual expense of 4000 rupees, to educate his own daughter. The rulers of Wadhwan have always been friendly and loyal to the British Government, and have assisted the agencies in adopting measures for a better administration of the State. The present Thakore Saheb’s grandfather allotted a piece of land to the British Gov- ernment, near Wadhwan, for establishing a civil station on certain conditions, the chief of which was that he reserved his right of levying Dan on goods leaving the civil station. The present Thakore Saheb has a kind and amiable disposition. As a ruler he is liberal, generous, accessible to rich or poor alike. He gives a ready ear to all complaints, but never relies on ex parle statements. He is very fond of sports: hunting, cricket, tennis, etc., but, though he likes recreation, he never fails in his duty of managing the affairs of the State Though ever ready to listen to the advice of the agency, he is very rightly ever mindful of his rights himself and keeping himself informed about every detail of the administration. and privileges. In conclusion, we doubt not but that the future historian of ‘‘India Under the English’’ will accord to the present Thakore Saheb his proper place in the list of those who, in their day and generation, did all that lay in their power to ameliorate the condition of the people of India, and we wish him a long, happy and prosperous reign. SHEIKH SHREE MAHMAD (41) JEHANGIR MIA SAHEB. Sheikh Shree Mahmad Hussein Mian, Chief of. Mangrol. Mangrol, which is situated on the southwest corner of Kathiawar, is one of the most ancient cities of Saurashtra. It was described by Ptolemy, the Greek traveler, in the year 278 B. C., as a town possessing a very excellent harbor. It was ruled by Rajput chiefs, who were Gohils, Vaghelas, and others, until 1376 A. D., when it was taken by the Moguls, who held it until 1737. At that time the principality was governed by Thandars, nominated or appointed by the Mogul emperors of Delhi. At the end of the Seventeenth Century, the triumvirate, viz., the Sheiks, the Saiyads and Maleks became very powerful in the city, so much so that they drove out the Mogul Thana and seized the reins of government. In 1739 the triumvirate voluntarily admitted a Mahratha Thana into the town and entrusted it with the government. This continued for ten years. In 1747 Sheikh Mian (the ancestor of the present Sheikh Saheb) who was most powerful, subdued his two rival claimants and assumed the sole government. This gallant Sheikh Mian made many conquests and added greatly to his possessions. He invaded and captured Navibunder, a port under Porbunder, and released it on the condition that the Rana should pay all expenses incurred in the fight, together with an annual sum as Jamma, an exactment that Mangrol still receives. Sheikh Hussein Mian Saheb, the present ruler, is the fifth in descent from Sheikh Mian I. He was born on the twenty-sixth of May, 1858. Having received a primary education in Arabic and Persian at home, he, with his younger brother, Sheikh Jehangir Mian Saheb, joined the Rajkumar College at Rajkote in 1872, where he studied for some seven or eight years, until 1879, when he was called upon .to assume serious responsibilities on account of the premature death of his father, Sheikh Mahmad Badruddin elias Bapu-Mian Saheb. During his college career he was one of the favorite pupils of Mr. Chester Macnaughten, the late principal. On mounting the gad: the Sheikh Saheb, who takes a keen interest in the cause of education, opened many primary institutions in his principality, and bestowed several scholar- ships on the sons of his own subjects, and also on those of others, in order to enable them to prosecute their studies in the higher branches of education. He has traveled over nearly the whole of India. He has. introduced many administrative reforms in his territory, notwith- standing the fact that the State has had to undergo heavy expenses in fighting political cases. These cases included the suit for the separation of joint villages, and other disputes of a like vital nature, as well as the case for the recovery of Jamma from Porbunder. The State has a snug jail, a fine commodious guest-house and a good harbor. It also boasts of many ancient buildings, such as the Jamma and Rawli Mosques, etc. The Chief of Mangrol is a man of strong commonsense and understanding. He personally attends to the administration of the affairs of the State, and has the welfare and prosperity of his subjects ever in mind. All those who come in contact with him are bound to admire him for his amiability and gentle manners. The Sheikh Saheb lately took as his second wife the eldest (42) daughter of His Highness the Nawab Saheb of Luharfi, who was knighted by Her Most Gracious Majesty the Queen-Empress of India on the occasion of the Diamond Jubilee, and who is also a member of the Viceregal Legislative Council. The town of Mangrol is famous in this part of the Peninsula for its rich gardens and its abundance of fruits and vegetables of the best kind. It is also noted for its workmanship in ivory and sandalwood. The inhabitants of the place are most enterprising. They go, for trading purposes, to Bombay, Calcutta, Delhi and Aden, and even Zanzibar, Natal and other distant places. Mangrol, though situated between the rival ports of Verawal and Porbunder, has preserved its position on account of the liberal and encouraging support given by the Sheikh Saheb to merchants and traders. The town is celebrated for its salubrious climate, and many European and Native gentlemen pass the hot season there, partaking meantime of the hospi- tality of the Sheikh Saheb. Prince Jehangir Mian Saheb. Prince Jehangir Mian Saheb, the younger brother of Sheikh Shree Mahmad Hussein Mian, was born on the twelfth of November, 1860. He also received a liberal education in the Rajkumar College. The Bombay Government admitted him into the statutory civil service, and gave him a start by appointing him an assistant collector of the Ahmedabad Zilla. Unfortu- nately the climate of Ahmedabad did not agree with him, so he had to resign this appointment. Kumar Saheb Shri Samatsingji Soorsingji Bahadur of Palitana State, Kathiawar. The prince was born at Palitana on the fourteenth day of Bhadarwa Shud Samvat, 1921, corresponding with fourth September, 1865, in the Christian era, He belongs to the Gohel clan of Rajputs and is a son of His Highness the late Thakore Saheb Soorsingji Partab Singji whose favorite son he was. Prince Samatsingji received his education from private tutors. In 1879 the prince married a lady of the Morvi House belonging to the Jadeja clan of Raj- puts and the following year a son was born. This child died on the seventeenth of January, 1882. The prince had the misfortune to lose his mother, who was a daughter of Davaji, Chief of Iakadia, when he was only one year old and was brought up by his stepmother, who was his aunt also as the custom of marriage with a deceased wife’s sister prevails amongst the Rajputs. On the twenty-fourth of May, 1884, a second son was born, at Palitana, and this boy is, at present, heir to the prince’s property and is also heir presumptive to the Palitana Gadi, for the present, Thakore Sahib, Mansinghi, the elder brother of the prince, has no children, and has failed in his repeated applications to be allowed to adopt an heir, the British Government wisely ruling that, where there are members of a family in a direct line of succession living, one of whom is the heir, there is no necessity for an adoption to be made. : The prince’s wife died at Palitana on the ninth of November, 1884. In 1885, the prince, who is a strict monogamist (differing in this respect from almost all his brother Kathiawar princes) married a sister of his deceased wife. The present Ranee was the first Rajput lady to learn English, she having an English governess for some years. His Highness the late Thakore Sahib, Soorsingji Partasingji, died at Poona on the twenty-fourth of November, 1885, mourned and regretted by all classes of society in Western India, especially by his Palitana snbjects. The late Thakore Sahib, during his lifetime, granted in giras appanage, certain villages with valuable mangoe gardens to Prince Samatsingji, and also bestowed upon him large sums of money amounting in the aggregate to many lacs of rupees and this money had been removed from the palace to Prince Samatsingji’s own residence, he having left his father’s house and taken up his residence in a house of his own. On the death of the late Thakore Sahib one of those unhappy differences, over financial matters, which often arise and divide families, occurred but was subsequently settled by means of a special commission appointed by the British Government. After the death of his father, the prince went to reside at Pachhgam which he owned, but in March, 1886, he determined to reside in Bombay, and his bungalow on Cumballa Hill is one of the finest in a city of fine bungalows. On the first of July, 1887, a third son, Joravarsingji, was born to the prince but only lived for a few months. To commemorate the visit to Kathiawar of T. R. H. the Duke and Duchess of Connaught, who were the first members of the English Royal Family who visited the Province, the prince gave the sum of Rupees 2000 for the purpose of procuring portraits of the Duke and Duchess to be placed in the Rajkumar College, Rajkote. This has been done and the pictures are admitted to be excellent. A daughter was born in Bombay, April 1, 1890, and was named Kunvri Shri Maji Rajba. Prince Samatsingji has visited almost all the holy and historic cities of India, and has toured in Kathiawar, Gujerat, the Deccan, Rajputana, Central Provinces, North West Provinces and Oudh, Bengal, the Punjab, and Konkan. The prince is a typical Rajput of commanding person and physique. rider and whip, and is fond of all out-door sports, more especially of football and polo, and is an excellent billiard and chess player; an expert pigsticker, and has had special training in cavalry He abstains, as benefits a high caste Rajput, from wines, spirits and opium. He is a capital and artillery drill. The prince is best known as one of those native chiefs who endeavor to uphold the reputation for regal hospitality which used to characterize the native rulers of India. We believe that there ( 43) exists in India some societies, or other organizations, for bringing European and native society people together, but we are unable to say what measure of success they have met with, but Prince Samatsingji has undoubtedly succeeded in breaking down the barrier. At his bungalow is to be witnessed the pleasant sight of members of Council, High Court Judges, prominent members of the Civil Service, representative members of the learned professions, and prominent personages in the mercantile world in friendly conversation with native chiefs and princes, native High Court Judges, and all that is best and brightest in Bombay native society. No distinguished traveler from any part of the world ever fails to call on the prince, and whilst one day he may have been entertaining the Maharajah of Mysore, he will be found next day as the host of such men as Mr. Samuel L. Clemens (Mark Twain). Thus are the East and West brought together despite Rudyard Kipling’s sneer. We publish by kind permission of the prince, the following letter received by him from Mark Twain who, writing from Benares, says: ‘My Dear Kumar Saheb. It would be hard for me to put into words how much my family and I enjoyed our visit to your hospitable house. It was our first glimpse of the home of an Eastern prince and the charm of it, the grace and beauty and dignity of it, realized to us the pictures which we had long ago gathered from books of travel and Oriental tales. We shall not forget that happy experience nor your kind courtesies to us nor those of Her Highness, to my wife and daughter. ‘We shall keep always the portrait and the beautiful things you gave us, and as long as we live a glance at them will bring your house and its life and its sumptuous belongings and rich harmonies of colors across the years and oceans and we shall see them again, and how welcome they will be. We make our salutations to your Highness and to the members of your family including, with affectionate regard, that littlest little sprite of a princess.” On the ninth of May, 1895, the princess, Kunvri Shri Keshaba, the only sister of the prince, died in Bombay and the prince is the chief trustee to her large estates. He has caused a handsome marble monument to be erected to her memory at Walkeshwar. The prince owns sonie very fine countrybred horses and the Palitana State has long been noted for its famous stud of Kathiawad horses. The prince takes a lively interest in the welfare of his cultivators and is a good master to all in his employ. As there are no dispensaries in the villages owned by him he causes medicine to be distributed free of cost to all needing it. When Lady Reay promoted a fancy bazaar, in aid of some charities, the Prince and the late Maharajah of Mysore greatly assisted her in the matter and a large sum of money was realized. When funds were required for the erection of the Matoonga Leper Asylum, the Prince, with Lord Harris and Sir D. M. Petit, Bart., contributed Rs. 1000 each to the fund. Prince Samatsingji is determined to give his eldest surviving son, Kumar Vijaysinghi, a sound English education and training, and for the past two years H. H. S. Merewether, Esq., B. A. (Oxon) has been his tutor. The Kumar, who, is now twelve years of age, won a prize in the children’s riding competi- tion at the Bombay Horse Show of 1896, and, like his grandfather and father, is very fond of horses. The prince has one of the finest collections of antique armor and Indian coins, also a very fine library of historical works. He is a fluent linguist, speaking English, Gujerati, Sanscrit, Marathi and Hindi, in addition to a little German. The prince is a firm believer in female education, and is strongly of the opinion that the regeneration of India can only come through the education of the women of the country. It will readily be understood, from a peru- sal of the foregoing sketch, that Prince Samatsinghi is a great power for good in Western India, and we trust he will long be spared to be the friend of the poor, a delightful companion, and an excellent host. (vv) KUMAR SAHEB SHRI SAMATSINGJI SOORSINGJI BAHADUR OF PALITANA STATE, KATHIAWAR. Sursinghi, Thakore Saheb of Lathi. The subject of our memoir, the Thakore Saheb of Lathi, was born on the twenty-sixth of January, 1871, and is descended from Sarungji, the founder of the Lathi house, who was one of the sons of Gohil Sejakji, the common ancestor of the Bhavnagar Palitana and Lathi reigning families. It was under the guidance of Sejakji that the Gohil Rajput’s left Marwai and made their first settlement in the land of Murroo. Sejakji left four sons, Ranoj, Sarungji, Siyoji and Visoji, and it is from the second of these that the Thakore Saheb is descended. The eldest Ranaji’s descendants rule over Bhavnagar, those of Siyoji over Palitana, whilst as before mentioned those of Sarungji rule over Lathi. Visoji, the youngest son, was the fore- father of the Khasia Thakors. Sarungji’s sister married the Chuda Samee chieftain of Junagad, who gave to Sarungji the Arthida Choosi near Kundla. Sarungji was succeeded by his son, Jasoji, and he by his son, Noghanji; the latter had two sons, Bhimji and Var- sungji. It was Bhimji, the fourth in descent from Sarungji, who withdrew to Lathi from Arthida, when Rai Mandlik, of Junagad conquered and sacked it. Visonji, his younger brother, came in possession of the village of Dhamel, near Damnagar, under Baroda. Bhimji had three sons. The eldest, Arjanji, died childless while fighting near the temple of Shiva in the Chosli village on the north of Mandwa village on the banks of the Kaloobhar River. The second son, Dudoji, fought hard against the Kathres, who reigned supreme at the time in that locality. He weakened their power with great bravery and strengthened his own government to such an extent in their midst that it is said to the present day, ‘‘Kathees all around, Lathi in the middle.” The third son, Hamirji, died in a battle while protecting the temple of Somia Mahadew against the army of the Mohammedan emperor. Dudoji had six sons. The eldest, Lunsingji, succeeded to the throne, and the others, Govindji Melakji, Sooraji, Jagoji and Harisinhji got the villages at Ansoder, Ignorala, Panch Talawda Bhingrad and Chabhadia, respectively. ILunsingji was succeeded by his only son, Canoji, whose younger brothers, Bhimji and Melakji, had to remain contented with Tajpur and Dhasa. The former village is still under Lathi. Ramaji had three sons, Bhajragji, who came to the Gadi; Kumbhoji, who got the villages of Soona and Somal, now under Palitana, and Roopoji, who was given the village of Padree, near Talaja. Bhojraji had two sons, Lakahaji and Varsobhai. Lakahaji succeeded him, and Vasoobbhai got the village of Hoidad. Iaka- haji was succeeded by Vijoji, and Vijoji by Hamirji, who had two sons, Arjanji and Laji- bhai. Arjanji came to the throne and Lajibhai got the village of Piprali, which reverted to the Gadi, in payment of debts. Arjanji had eight sons. The eldest, Lakhaji, succeeded him. Saringji got Sanosra, now under Bhavnagar; Vijoji and Maloji got Piprali and eleven other villages, now under Bhavnagar; Bhimji got Hoidad and Rabhai; Govindjee got Amberdi, now under Bhavnagar; Visoji got Golrama, now under Bhavnagar, and the youngest, Viroji, got Rewa, now under Bhavnagar. Takhaji had four sons, Shanghji, Kumbhoji, Govindji and Lakhoji. The first came to the Gadi. The second obtained Dharooka and eleven other villages now under Bhavnagar. The third obtained Kareda, and the fourth got Limbdi. Of the six sons of Shanghji, Bhojraji succeeded him. Meghrajji got Rungola and five other villages now under Bhavnagar; Maloji got Patnoo and Bhojavadar; Hamirji got Samadhiala; Gajisingji got Khijadia; Soomroji got Vavdi. Bhojrajji had nine sons. Sursingji ascended the Gadi. Raidhanji obtained Jalalpur and Mandwa, now under Bhavnagar; Vakoji got Gog- hardhar, which is still under Lathi, but has no population; Mawsingji got Lakhawad, now under Bhavnagar; Togoji got Gangawad now under Bhavnagar; Hagbahi died without issue; Godbhai got Vaingadhree; Rupsingji got Hadmataloo, and the last, Gopalji, got Aninoo and Dhruphania. Sursingji was succeeded by his eldest son, Sunghi, alias Jiji Bawa. His two (45) H. H. SURSINGHI THAKORE SAHEB OF LLATHI. brothers, Vanoji and Najibhai, got Godhali and Chabhadia and Samadhiala, respectively. Sunghji had eight sons. Bhojrajji, the eldest, died issueless. The second, Lakhoji, ascended the Gadi; the third and the fourth, Depalji and Meghrajji, died without any issue; the fifth Bhaooji, became the owner of Vavdi village; the sixth, Mavoji, got Dharwala; the seventh, Virobhai, got Goodhooloo, and the youngest, Dosabhai, obtained Khijadia. Of the five sons of Lakhoji, the eldest, Sursingji, came to the throne. The second, Dajibhai, obtained the village of Rajpipla, which reverted to the Gadi when he died without issue. The third, Hanoobhai, got Limbda and died childless. The fourth, Ajobhai, got Ingorala, whose descendants are still living in Limbda. The fifth, Fatehsingji, got Kapardi and died childless. Sursingji was succeeded by his only son, Jijibawa, who died leaving two sons, Lakhaji and Pathoobhai. ILakhaji, the heir-apparent, died during the lifetime of his father, and his brother, Pathoobhai, died leaving behind him his son, Jaswatsingji, who is still living in Lathi. Jijibawa was succeeded by ILakhaji’s son, Amarsingji alias Dajiraj. Dajiraj having died after a reign of seven years, without any issue, his brother, Takhatsingji, came to the throne, but died, leaving two sons, Sursinhji alias Bapoobha and Vajesinhji. Sursinhji, on the death of his father, Taksatsingji succeeded to the Gadi on the fourth of November, 1878, but, of course, during his minority the affairs of the State were admin- istered by the British Government. After reeiving a careful home training, he was sent to the Rajkumar College, Rajkote, where he completed his college career. During the Thakore Saheb’s residence in the college he endeared himself not only to his fellow-students by his amiable disposition and rectitude of life, but also to the principal and professors by his ready submission to the college discipline and his assiduity in the pursuit of knowledeg. After completing his course in college, where he was awarded a gold medal for his marked ability, the Thakore Saheb went on a tour through India, and by this means added to his already extensive knowledge of the manners and customs of his fellow-country- men. In 1895, Government saw fit to entrust him with the management of his State, and he was installed on his ancestral Gadi in a Grand Durbar, by Captain H. D. Merewether, the then Assistant Political Agent in charge of Gohilwad Prant. This Durbar was largely attended by the young Thakore Saheb’s brother princes. The subject of our sketch has made considerable improvements to his State, and there are now one English, one vernacular and a girls’ school; a charitable dispensary in charge of a diplomaed medical officer, and a public library; there is also a cotton ginning factory, giving employ- ment to many persons, as well as various public buildings of utility, and the roads of the State have been much improved under the advanced public works policy of the young chief, who is assisted in his progressive measures by his energetic and able Kharbhari, Mr. Krish- nalal Girdharlal. Lathi State is forty-two square miles in area, and is divided into fourteen villages, with a population of 8000 people, and has an annual revenue of 1,50,000 rupees. Its chief products are bajree, joowari, gram, wheat, sugar-cane and various kinds of pulse. The Bhavnagar Porebunder group of railways runs through Lathi, where there is a fine railway station. The Thakore Saheb enjoys all the powers of a fourth-class chief that is, he has criminal jurisdiction up to the extent of sentencing a criminal to three years rigorous imprisonment and a fine of Rs. 5000, and a civil jurisdiction of any amount up to Rs. 10,000. The chief has endeared himself to all classes of his subjects by his exemplary life, his high sense of duty and by the way he tempers justice with mercy. He affords another striking example of the admirable system of education and training pursued at the Rajkumar College. We trust that the Thakore Saheb may long rule over his subjects, and his reign cannot fail to be a happy one, should he continue to act in the way he has inaugurated his rule. (46 Madar-Ul-Maham Sheikh Muhammad Baha-Ud-Dinbhai, C. I. E., Vazir of Junagadh. Madar-ul-Mah4dm Sheikh Muhammad Bah4uddin Valad H4shambhdi, C. I. E., Vazir of Junégadh, is descended from a line of distinguished ancestors of the Suni faith, and closely connected by family ties with the ruling princes of Junidgadh. Born in the year 1835 A. D., at Junégadh, this scion of the Sheikhs possesses, in a remarkable degree, all the admirable qualities attributed to that dynasty by its native historians--sagacity, sobriety of judgment, princely liberality, force of character combined with personal courage. He was the youngest of three brothers, and had a sister named Ladadi Bibi, who was married to the late n S a Vaz Sa IR SAHIB OF BaaaA-Up-DinBrATr HAsamBHAIL C. JUNAGADH. I.E. Nawdb Sidheb Mahdbatkhdnji, K. C. S. I, father of the present Nawab Siheb Rasulkhdnji. Having from his early infancy received at the court of His Highness a fair Oriental education, specially that taught by the Gospel of Islam to the faithful, Bahduddinbh4i entered the service of the State of Jundgadh at the early age of twenty-one, his first appointment being that of commandant of the LAl Risdl4 or Body Guard—a post to which his courage and prowess conspicuously entitled him. But he was soon to take a leading share, not only in yiBe military affairs of the State, but also in its general politics. The Nawédb Sdheb Méhdbatkhanji felt himself humiliated by the galling tutelage of his imperious mother. It was through the courageous efforts of Bahduddinbhdi that, in 1861, he secured freedom and power. The authority of the Nawédb Séheb having thus been firmly established, Bahduddinbhdi rapidly rose in place, influence and fame. In grateful recognition of his services Nawab Sdheb Méhdbatkhdnji made him Vazir, and conferred on him a grant in perpetuity of the extensive villages of Agatrdi and Bhay4l, together with the honors of a State palanquin and torch-bearer. As a revenue officer the Vazir Siheb was not less energetic and successful. In the matter of land settlement he displayed all the ability which, in British India, brings the services of a zealous and indefatigable collector to the notice of his Government. The settlement was accomplished by him with con- summate tact and judgment, so that it at once increased the State revenue, and gratified the landholders. In 1862-63 he pursued and captured the ferocious outlaw Jangi Makrani and his gang, who were the terror of the country side. In thanking him for this service, Lieutenant H. T. Hebbert, then Acting Assistant Political Agent, observed in his letter of April 20, 1863: ‘‘ This circumstance does not only call forth our commendations, but will without doubt greatly please Government. We cannot find sufficient words to express our gratitude in the matter.” Similarly, in 1864, when Jundgadh was again vexed by the depredations and atrocities committed by another notorious bandit named Jasl4, the Vazir Séheb, at great personal risk, and with all the courage and dash of youth, again hunted down and seized the offender. Jasl4 was tried, and blown away from a cannon, and Junigadh breathed more freely; while the young Vazir gained fresh laurels by this conspicuous act of gallantry. Another political officer, Lieutenant I. Russell, in his letter of January 26, 1865, expressed his thanks to the Vazir in almost the same terms for the arrest of some confederates of the Wagher rebels. the political agent of the time, Colonel Keatinge. For these distinguished services the Vazir was also highly eulogized by The encouragement given by the Vazir to educational and philanthropic institutions was duly appreciated by the next political agent, Colonel Anderson. In 1880, the political agent, Colonel Watson, recognized Bahduddinbh4i’s In the same year the Vazir evinced his usual generosity by helping the families of those who had shed their blood for the British Government in the Afghan war. In 1884 the Vazir’s loyalty was put to a severe test by the introduction of a most sweeping and radical change in the exertions in stimulating and aiding indigenous and foreign antiquarian researches. department of Land Revenue, viz., the abolition of the Izara or farming system, which had existed from time immemorial, and in which he, personally, was to a large extent interested. Once, however, he was convinced of the desirability of this reform, the Vazir spontaneously gave up his lucrative farms, and by this act of self sacrifice enabled the Diwan, Mr. Haridas, to In 1886, to commemorate the many virtues of his brother-in-law, the late lamented Nawab Siheb Mahébatkhédnji, K. C. S. I, the Vazir established a Madressa (college) for the education of Mahomedan students born in the State. accomplish what two years before would have been deemed an impossibility. With the same laudable object he also placed a sum of Rs. 30,000 at the disposal of the Bombay University, to found a fellowship in connection with the Gujarat College. of 1889 by the Chancellor, Lord Reay, Governor of Bombay, who spoke of it as follows: ‘‘The This handsome gift was suitably acknowledged at the convocation desire to advance the cause of Mahomedan education is represented by the wisely directed liberality of B4h4uddin Vazir S4heb, of Jundgadh, who has placed the sum of Rs. 30,000 at the disposal of the university for the foundation of a scholarship in memory of Sir Méh4batkhdn B4bi, the late Nawab of Junagadh, to be awarded preferentially to Mahomedan (47) graduates of the university. We may congratulate the Vazir Siheb on the fact that the number of Mahomedan students taking distinguished positions on the lists«f this university gives promise that his munificent gift will not remain inoperative.” The Vazir has, moreover, founded other scholarships to enable promising students of his community to finish their education in Europe. The remarkable statesmanship displayed by the Vazir during his long tenure of office has been appreciated to the full, not only by the people of the province, but by high political officers. With reference to the peaceable settlement he effected with the turbulent and troublesome Maiy4s, the political agent stated in his report to Government: ‘The amicable settlement with the Maiy4s was brought about by the activity of Mr. Harid4s, and by the cordial help he received at the hands of Vazir Saheb Bahduddinbh4i. * * * They deserve credit for so successfully conducting the most difficult work of the State administration.”” The financial prosperity of the State resulting from the wise economy of the Vazir enabled him to carry out the wishes of His Highness, the Nawdb Sdheb, in the construction, from funds in hand, of a railway through the State, costing nearly forty 14khs of Rupees (£400,000). The Vazir also rendered the most valuable assistance to Colonel Humfrey (the present Inspector General of Police) when that officer was engaged in hunting down the desperate outlaws who so disturbed the peace of Kathiawar from 1885-89. In his note dated September 14, 1889, to the address of Mr. Haridds, the Dewén, Colonel Humfrey wrote: “*x * * Will you be kind enough to convey to Vazir B4hduddinbhdi my warm thanks for the service that he and Jamad4r Sulemén have done? I shall have very much pleasure in bringing to the notice of Government that this is only one more instance of the cordial support that I all along received from His Highness’ administration.”” On the occasion of the installation of the present Nawdb Sdheb His Highness Rasulkhdnji, in June, 1892, the political agent Sir Charles Ollivant, spoke in the following eulogistic terms of the Vazir. He said, addressing His Highness: ‘‘ You are to be congratulated on having at your side one who has proved a faithful friend to your father and brother, and who, from the day that thirty years ago, he boldly rescued the former from the toils of base intriguers and sought the protection of the Agency, has, with great force of character, continued to influence not less powerfully than unpretentiously the policy of the State. * * * The names of Bahduddin and Harid4s will mark the Jundgadh administration of this century, as the name of Amarji did that of the last.” For the alleviation of the sufferings of lepers the Vazir has, with characteristic generosity and sympathy, built an asylum for these unfortunate outcasts of society. The foundation stone of it was laid in A. D. 1890 by His Royal Highness, the late lamented Prince Albert Victor, and the building is accordingly named the Prince Victor Leper Asylum. The Vazir has also contributed largely to the construction of dharmsh4lés (rest houses), school houses and hos- pitals. He has also at his own expense repaired the road running to the top of the sacred hill of DAt4r, in the vicinity of Junidgadh. The new road was opened by the late Governor of Bombay, Lord Harris, during his last visit to Jundgadh in A.D. 1894. At a rough estimate the Vazir’s charities amount to nearly three lakhs of rupees ($30,000). Asa mark of her appreciation of these, his great public services, Her Most Gracious Majesty, the Queen Empress, was pleased, in 1893, to confer upon him the dignity of a Companion of the Most Eminent Order of the Indian Empire, the insignia of which were presented to him by Lord Harris in Réjkot. The keen interest which the Vazir Saheb evinces in the maintenance of happy relations between the Rulers and the ruled, and the Hindu and Mahomedan communi- ties, in the State, was shown by his praiseworthy efforts in the peaceable settlement recently made between the Mahomedans and Hindus, in connection with the unfortunate difference arising from the disturbances at Prabhas Patan three years ago. This was the crowning service rendered by the Vazir Shdheb not only to His Highness, the Nawab Sdheb and His Highness’ subjects, but to the peace-loving sections of the Hindu and Mahomedan communities through- out the whole of India. To facilitate the work of the Alienation Settlement Department recently organized in the State, His Highness the Naw4b Saheb has entrusted the Vazir and the Naib Diwan Mr. Purushottamrai Sunderji Zala with the work of effecting amicable settlements of alienated holdings with those who wish for such a happy consummation, and so great is the confidence reposed in the Vazir by the subjects of the State that a large proportion of cases have been disposed of by him and the Naib Diwan jointly—a fact which, as remarked by the Political Agent, reflects great credit on the officers selected by His Highness for that purpose. Thus, by his wise and enlightened policy, by continuous improvement within the State, by the maintenance of cordial relations between the rulers and the ruled, as well as between the State and the Paramount Power, by public beneficence and domestic charity, in short by the zealous and conscientious discharge of every public and private duty for an uninterrupted period of thirty-two years, Vazir Shaikh Muhammad B4hduddinbh4i has rendered his name immortal in the annals of the Junagadh State. (st) ‘ DURBAR SHRI BAVAWALA, SAHEB OF VADIA. Durbar Shri Bavawala, Saheb of Vadia. Durbar Shri Bavawala, Chief of Vadi State in Kathiawar, is a chief of the fifth class, and was born on the nineteenth day of August, 1874. His father died on the twenty-fourth of February, 1875, at the age of seventy, when the present chief was but six months old. The estate was, therefore, put under the British Government on the first of April, 1875. When it was placed under British management it was a sixth class state and the revenues were estimated at 50,000 rupees per annum, which were subsequently increased to Rs. 80,000, and the status of the taluka was raised to the fifth class. The present revenues are calculated at 1,50,000 rupees per annum, the increase being chiefly due to the amalgamation of the estate of one Ramwalla, who died heirless, Durbar Saheb Bavawala being the nearest relative and heir to the estate. The Chief prosecuted his studies at Vadia till 1882, when he was sent to the Rajkumar College at Rajkot, where he received his English education under the care of the late Mr. Macnaughten, who was then principal of the college. When in college he visited Bombay, Matheran and the Nilgiri Hills during the vacations. He left Rajkot on the nineteenth of December, 1893, and completed his tour five months later, returning to Rajkot on the nineteenth of May, 1894, from which plaec he proceeded to his capital. He was associated with the State manager, Mr. Maneklal Gokaldas, in the administrative work for some eleven months, and obtained a good and practical insight into the affairs of the state. He made a tour of Europe in company with Mr. C. W. Waddington, M. A. (Oxon), the vice-principal of the Rajkumar College, who acted as his guide and companion. They left Bombay by the P. and O. S. S. ‘‘Caledonia’’ on the fourth of May, 1895, and returned to Bombay on the twenty-second of November, 1895, and the Durbar Saheb reaching his capital on the second December, 1895. During this period of seven months he visited England, Scotland and a few places in France, and thus added to the knowledge and experience which he had already gained during his travels in India. He was placed in sole charge of his State with the powers of a fifth class chief, on the twelfth of December, 189s, by Mr. IL. P. Walsh, C. I. E., assistant political agent in charge of Sorath Prant, who per- formed the ceremony of installing him on his ancestral Gadi at a Grand Durbar held at Vadia, and which was attended amongst others by the following: Mr. C. W. Waddington, M. A. (Oxon), vice-principal of the Rajkumar College, Rajkot; Miss Waddington; the Thakore Saheb of Lathi; H. H. the Raj Saheb of Vankaner; Kumars Shri Natvarsinghji Bhaoutsinghji and Doongarsinbji of Dhrangadhra; Kumars Shri Narsinhsinhji and Digves- inhji of Rajpipla; Kumar Shri Vajubha of Lathi; Kumar Shri Malu Vala of Jetpur; Mr. Sarrabhai Mughanbhai of Ahmedabad, and Mr. John Houston of Sydney, Australia. In reply to the speech made by Mr. Walsh on this occasion the newly installed prince said: ‘‘Mr. Walsh, Ladies and Gentlemen :—Words fail me when I rise to thank you for the kind trouble you have taken in coming here on the occasion of my installation on my ancestral Gadi. I can assure you that to-day is one of great rejoicing to me, but, in the midst of my joy, I am not unmindful of the duties and responsibilities which devolve i me from this moment. I shall, I know full well, at first require guidance in piloting my little state barge safely, and I have, Mr. Walsh, listened to your speech with the closest attention. I thank you for your good advice, which I assure you I will be ever mindful of, for, sir, if I need advice, at one time more than another, it is at the present juncture—a transition period in my life. I have now passed the first stage—the stage of pupilage—and thanks to my guardians, the British Government, I have thoroughly enjoyed this period of my life, and I shall ever, sir, recall it to mind with feelings of extreme pleasure. I should be indeed ungrateful did I not acknowledge my deep obligation to my kind and admirable preceptor, Mr. Macnaughten (whose absence to-day I deplore), and also to Mr. Waddington, for the paternal care they have taken of me during my long residence at the Rajkumar College. I am also indebted to Mr. Waddington for his help and assistance during my recent visit to England and the Continent. I to-day enter upon the second stage of my career—I mean my family life. Yes, I am blessed to-day with a family of eleven thousand souls. As head of this family it behooves me to look after the peace, happiness and security of every member of it. By virtue of my position it is my duty to preserve order and harmony amongst the members and to ever strive for the moral and material advancement of them all. This, sir, is by no means an easy task for one who desires to perform it faithfully and conscientiously. I do not know how far I shall succeed, for ‘’tis not in mortals to command success,’ but I shall pray God to light my path and direct my efforts aright. I earnestly hope that the representatives of the British Government will vouchsafe to me sound and practical advice whenever it will be my honored privilege to seek it. My chief ambition is to deserve the genuine blessings of my people, and at the same time win the confidence of the Paramount Power. Once more I beg to tender my warmest thanks to you, Mr. Walsh, and through you to the Political Agent and to Government, for placing me in sole charge of my State, which T am happy to find in so flourishing a condition. I greatly deplore the absence of our popular Prant Officer, Captain Hyde-Cates, who has always been more than good to me and my State. I, sir, desire to thank Government for giving me the services of Mr. Dossabhoy Nusserwanjee, whom I have appointed my Kharbari, and whose loyal assist- ance and co-operation I fully rely on. It now only remains for me, ladies and gentlemen, to thank you for gracing this occasion with your presence.”’ The prince received a large number of presents from his brother princes and friends, and the day closed with a magnificent display of fireworks. He has since stood at the helm (49) of the ship of state and we trust he may long be spared to rule over his subjects. DARBAR SHRI VAJSURWALA, CHIEF OF BAGASRA. (50) Darbar Shri Vajsurwala, Chief of Bagasra. Darbar Shri Vajsurwala was born in 1872 at Bagasra, the capital of his taluka of that name, situated in the Sorath division of Kathiawar. The Darbar Saheb lost his father when he was an infant and, his elder brother dying before he was six, the proprietorship of the taluka devolved upon him at a tender age, although the affairs of his state were left in the sole charge of his mother. But her fostering care was also denied him, as she died within two years, leaving him entirely alone in the world, and consequently his taluka, according to custom, passed under British management for the rest of his minority. Young Vajsurwala was sent to the Rajkumar College at Rajkot at the age of seven, and spent eleven years of his life at that institute, always winning golden opinions from all with whom he associated. His apti- tude for study attracted the attention of the college authorities, and it was thought advisable that he, together with Prince Shivshinji of Mundetti, should go up for the Entrance Examina- tion of the Bombay University. The Rajkumar College seldom sent up candidates for the Matriculation Examination, so that the selection of these two young Princes was no mean compliment to their intelligence and ability. He and Prince Sursinghji of Lathi (who was in ill-health) were sent on a tour through India, as a finishing touch to their education. Darbar Vajsurwala left the college in 18go, when Mr. C. Macnaughten, the principal, sent him a letter from which the following is an extract: ‘I have not forgotten your wish for a certificate; and you too, my friend, will not have forgotten my general objection to that sort of testimonial. They have become so common in India as to be worthless in most cases. I feel, however, that 1 might act unfairly if I should refuse to bear testimony to the exceptionally good behavior and intelligence which characterized your long career in the college; and therefore I have much pleasure in saying, as I have often said officially, that your conduct in college has been most satisfactory, and that in school your progress has been marked by diligence, as well as ability. Beginning as a child of seven with the Gujrati alphabet, you rose at last to be head of the college, and a worthy example to all. It was my hope that, with Shivsinhji of Mundetti, you might have entered for the matriculation examination, and had you done so, I still think that, as matters turned out, you would have passed. But in your case there were other circum- stances to which we were bound to have regard, and which we need not regret. It is enough for me to bear witness that from first to last you did well in the college, and that experience of your past justifies my hope that in the future you will be an intelligent and honorable land- lord.” Darbar Vajsurwala commenced his political education under a British officer, with whom he was placed in joint charge of his taluka. He was given independent charge in 1893. Bagasra is a small principality, yielding a revenue of about two lakhs of rupees, and having a popula- tion of between 20,000 and 25,000 souls. A kathy holding is held in jointure by three princes called Bagasra or shareholders. Darbar Vajsurwala is Bhagdar of a third of this taluka. The Paramount Power reserves to itself the civil and criminal jurisdiction over talukas having more than one owner, so Darbar Vajsurwala is slowly transferring hisseat of government to Hadala, an independent holding belonging to him, a few miles from the Nunkavao Station of the B. G. J. N. Railway. He is doing his utmost to improve the condition of this place by laying out roads, raising new buildings, opening wells, and maintaining a medical dispensary. The con- dition of the people has always been his most anxious care. He has abolished several vexa- tious taxes, and has introduced a system of agricultural laws which are working very satisfac- torily. Active, industrious and desirous of doing good to his subjects, the Darbar Saheb attends personally to every item in the administration of the affairs of his estate, and brings to bear on his duties a shrewd insight of more than average capacity. He takes a great interest in liter- ature, and is extremely fond of music—on the merits of which he is able to give a sound opin- ion—and the range of his acquaintances extends to the leading men of Art and Literature. The Agency officers appear to be very favorably impressed with the administration and the gene character of Darbar Vajsurwala, and important additions to the scope of his jurisdiction are expected in the future to mark their sense of approbation. CHIEF OF NA Ne An B GH T PIRAJARAO, ALIAS BAPUS (51) AGAIL, K ) ARAT MAAB 7A] RAO V A J Y SARJ} NIOR ). A E Y A ‘ 5 ATG I S ( AHE AN SHRIM Shrimant Pirajarao, alias Bapusaheb Ghatge Sarjerao Vajarat Maab, Chief of i Kagal (Senior). The Chief of Kagal, senior, rules over one of the feudatory States of Kholapur, in the Southern Mahratta country,and has a territory with an area of 111 square miles; a population of 42,000 souls, and a revenue of 1,65,426 rupees. The State is divided into forty villages, partly Konkan and partly Desh, so that the abundance of rain in one part of the territory makes up for the want of it in the other, and, in addition to this, most of the villages have the advantage of being drained by the rivers Lud Ganga and Panch Ganga. The people of the State are comfortably off and great extremes of wealth and poverty are fortunately unknown. The capital of the State is Kagal, situated twelve miles to the south of Kholapur, and is bisected by the main trunk road from Poona to Belgaum. The town is pretty and well kept, with a population of 6000, and, in addition to other public institutions, it boasts a F. G. A. V. School; a Girls’ School, and two dispensaries—one English and the other native. The town depends for its excellent water supply on a tank built by the State, at a cost of 125,000 rupees. The climate of the Kagal State is a healthy and salubrious one. The chief is descended from an ancient and illustrious Mahratta family, Ghatge—formerly Hudas—being the surname of the chief’s ancestors, who acquired great eminence during the ascendancy of the Bijapur kingdom. The family went from Jeypur to the Deccan, with many other families, toward the close of the fourteenth century, to escape from the ferocity of the human monster, Tamerlane of Persia, who played great havoc throughout Rajputana in 1398. Ramraj, the first common ancestor of the Ghatge family, is said to have rung a bell hung from the ceiling of a wall in the first story of the King of Bedar’s palace by turning a somersault from the ground floor, and hitting the bell with his feet; hence the name Ghatge, « which means ‘‘winner of the bell.”” The title Sarjerao was conferred by an emperor of Bijapur on one of the Chief’s ancestors who, in fair fight, defeated and slew Dudha Sar- jerao, a Rajput leader sent by Aurangzib to overthrow the Bijapur dynasty. Bhanji, the Chief of Kagal’s ancestor, as before stated, slew this adversary and wrested the Sarja, head ornament or crest, from his turban and carried it to the king, who was so pleased with the exploit that he presented the crest to Bhanji, and gave him the title of Sarjerao. Vajrat Maab, i. e., ‘‘possessing the abilities of a Vazir or Minister,”’ was a title conferred by Shivaji III., of Kholapur, on Hindurao Ghatge, so well and favorably known throughout India as one of Scindhias’s Ministers, and the grandfather of the present Chief of Kagal, for distinguished services rendered in the war between the State of Kholapur and the Desai of Nipani. Jayasingrao Abasaheb, the late Chief of Kagal and Regent of Kholapur, by his first wife, the sister of the present Raja of Mudhol. Veshavntrao Balasaheb, the elder brother of the Chief, was adopted by the Kholapur Durbar and now reigns over the Kholapur State as His Highness Shahu Chatrapati Maharaj. When Bapu Saheb was five years of age a native tutor was appointed who, up to 1884, gave him elementary instructions. Mr. Fitzgerald then acted as tutor, and in 1885 the young Chief was sent by his father to the Rajkumar College, Rajkot, with his native tutor and he continued a student in the college until 1889. In March, The Chief of Kagal was born on the third of January, 1876, and is the second son of (52) 1888, Bapu Saheb had the grievous misfortune to lose his father, and as his mother had died when he was only eighteen months old, the Kholapur Durbar and the British Government became joint guardians of his person and property. In May, 1889, Mr. S. M. Fraser, I. C. S., was appointed tutor and guardian to His Highness the Maharaja of Kholapur and to Bapu Saheb, and on leaving the Rajkumar College, Bapu Saheb proceeded to Dharwar, which had been chosen as their place of residence. Bapu Saheb continued to reside here until February, It is hardly necessary to state that these tours were productive of much good to the young chief, for by 1893, and, to complete his studies, three tours in India and Ceylon were made. their means his knowledge of men and things was vastly improved, and his necessary association with strangers whilst touring did much to: give him that charm of manner and brilliancy of conversation which he possesses in a marked degree. Mr. Fraser very wisely gave his charges an opportunity of studying the principles of law and political and social economy, and in order that they might become conversant with the procedure in the courts of law they were often taken to the chief judges and other courts. On the second of April, 1894, His Highness the Chatrapati Maharaja of Kholapur was installed on the Gadi, and consequently the guardianship of Mr. Fraser came to an end, but Bapu Saheb continued to study law, and owing to the favorable report of Mr. Fraser to Government, the Maharaja of Kholapur invested Bapu Saheb with powers of administration over the Kagal State on the tenth of August, 1894, the young chief then being only eighteen years of age. The chief is an athlete; a good shot; a capital tennis player, and a crack hand at polo, in which he specially shines. Like all the Mahratta warrior class he is a fine horseman, and does not know what fatigue in the saddle means. Only recently he rode from Kholapur to Mahab- leshwar, a distance of 110 miles, in nine hours, including stoppages. He has also ridden from Mahableshwar to Wathar, forty miles, in four hours, and, on the same day was on foot after blackbuck from 11 a. m. till 4 p. m. The chief has started an agricultural bank to relieve his subjects from the hateful oppression of the Marwaree, and is giving much attention to the cause of primary education in his State. Bapu Saheb is beloved by his subjects, for they" recognize in him a perfect type of the old Mahratta warrior prince—brave and courageous, truth-loving, moral, upright and just—one whose only fear is ‘‘that he might do something wrong.’’ The following reference to him by His Excellency Lord Sandhurst, at the Chinchli horse and cattle show. His lordship said, when speaking at the banquet table: ‘‘I am sorry, on this occasion, that I must give expression to a regret because of the absence of His Highness’ brother, the Chief of Kagal, an absence all of us who know him regard with sincere regret (applause); and I earnestly hope that the anxiety (his wife’s illness) he is now This shows the opinion held by Lord Sandhurst, and it is only right to say that this opinion is common to all Europeans who experiencing may speedily be allayed’’ (applause). have come in contact with the young chief. In March, 1893, the chief married a young lady of the Bhosle family from Savantvadi.. As he has only been ruling his State for eighteen months, it is possibly too soon to say much of nis success, or otherwise, as a ruler. Suffice it to say that, having had a liberal education and being exceedingly attentive to his duties, always open to conviction where the arguments adduced are fair and reasonable, and possessing a large amount of ability and intelligence, combined with excellent judgment, we have no hesitation in predicting for him a prosperous reign, and for his subjects happiness and contentment. SHRIMANT DATTAJIRAO, ALIAS BALASAHEB GHATAGHE SARJARRAO. CHIEF oF KAGAL (JUNIOR). 2 Ne 8 2 : ; oe os it oe Shrimant Dattajirao alias Balasaheb Ghataghe Sarjarrao, Chief of Kagal (junior). yf, HE junior Kagal Jahagir consists of six villages, and a Deshmukhi-Watan with an annual income of 35,000 rupees. Its area is nearly eighteen square miles, and the population, according to the census of 1891, was 6400. The climate is dry and healthy, and the soil fertile. The Chief, being one of the “Treaty Jahagirdas,’’ and having been, till recently, a minor, the estate is under the joint control and supervision of the Kolhapur Darbar and the British Government. Shrimant Dattajirao alias Balasaheb Ghataghe Sarjarrao is descended from the elder branch of the same illustrious Maratha family to which Shrimant Pirajirao alias Bapusaheb Ghatghe VAzarat MA4b belongs. The surname Ghataghe and the family title Sarjarrdo have an historic origin. KAmarij, one of the ancestors of the Chief, is said to have rung the bell hung in an upper story of the Bijapoor emperor’s palace, by taking a somersault from the ground floor, and hence he was surnamed Ghataghe, winner of the bell. Bhanji, a descendant of Kamraj, being in the service of the Adil Shahi Kingdom of Bijapoor, once encountered and defeated Dudha Sarjarrao, a Rajput prince, and having seized his horse wrested from him the sarja (crest) and carried it to the emperor, who, being highly pleased with his exploit, bestowed the same crest on him as a mark of respect; from that time the family has held the title Sarjirrao. Balasaheb was born on the seventh of July, 1874. In 1879, when he was only five years old, his mother died, and in less than three years his father passed away, and the little Chief was left to the care of his stepbrother, H. H. Jayasingrao Abasaheb, the late distinguished Regent of Kolhapur. He was brought up and educated with his nephews, H. H. Shahu Chhatrapati Maharaja of Kolhapur ! and Shrimant Pirajirao Bapusaheb, the Chief of Kagal Senior. In 1886 he accompanied them to Rajkote, where $ K & he passed three years in the Rajkumar College under the parental care and supervision of the late Mr. Macnaghten, the then principal of the college. In 188g the princes were removed to Dharwar and Mr. S. M. Fraser, an able civilian, was appointed their tutor and guardian. But soon after his arrival in Dharwar, Balasaheb was removed to Kolhapur in order to satisfy his ardent desire to prosecute his studies in a public school. Accordingly he entered the Rajaram High School Kolhapur and studied there up to matriculation. Having finished his high school course, he for some time attended the English lectures in the college; he also read law and learned the general principles of administration. He is now twenty-two years of age, and the question of his investiture is under consideration. He was married to a daughter of the Ghorpade family of Datwad in 1891, but unfortunately she died of consumption in 1895, and he recently married into the Dhagaber family of Baroda. The Chief is naturally of a weak constitution, but his physical development was specially attended to by everybody concerned in bringing him up. Were it not for this, he would not have been able to join his nephews in all their manly games and sports. He, however, takes more readily to occupations of a peaceful nature. His quiet disposition, steady habits and modest deportment leave a lasting and favorable impression on the minds of all who come in contact with him. . (54) TT — wn ow ue CHIEE OF JAMKHANDI. The Chief of Jamkhandi. HRIMANT RAO GOPEL, alias Appa Saheb Patwardhan, the ruling chief of Jamkhandi, is a great grandson of the celebrated Parsharam Bhau Saheb Patwardhan, who was a very distin- guished Mahratta general. He was born on the seventh of November, 1833, and received his early education at Jamkhandi, under a tutor appointed by Government. He under- stands English, Marathi, Canarese and Hindustani. On attaining his majority, on the fifteenth of January, 1853, he was invested with full powers to administer the affairs of his State. He is a Treaty Chief, and has the power of making laws for his own subjects. He is a Fellow of the Bombay University. During his administration, trade, education, and public works have received marked encouragement, and all transit duties which inter- rupted free trade have been abolished. Schools have been opened in all parts of his territory for the education of his subjects, and roads have been constructed to facilitate communication, while Dharamsalas and temples have been built for the accommodation of travelers. Tanks have been excavated and wells sunk for the convenience of his subjects, while dispensaries have been set up at the principal stations to give medical relief to his people. Courts have been established to administer justice, and a police force has been organized for the protection of life and property. The chief is generous and kind-hearted by nature, and has proved an intelligent and enlightened ruler. He has great experience, prudence and foresight, and is distinguished for his love of justice and morality, while his activity and energy are admirable and his piety and acts of charity widely known throughout Western India. He has administered the affairs of his State for the last forty-three years, and is yet in the thorough enjoyment of all the faculties with which the Creator endowed him. Jamkhandi State is 555 square miles in extent, and has a population of 102,162 souls, while its gross revenue is about Rs. 4,75,000. The State pays Rs. 20,840-10-0 annually to the British Government in commutation of service. The land has been surveyed and assessed. The River Krishna runs between the two talukas of Jamkhandi and Bidri, and about thirty villages of the above-named talukas are thoroughly irrigated by the river. The soil in the State is generally fertile. At Jamkhandi there is a high school, where a nominal fee of one anna per month is charged, but where poor and deserving students are fed, gratis, by the State. Besides this school there are thirty-four Marathi and Canarese schools for boys, three for girls, one Hindustani school and one Anglo-Vernacular school. The chief languages spoken in the State are Marathi and Canarese. The State has six municipalities, four post-offices, one printing press, five reading- rooms, three charitable dispensaries and one hospital at Jamkhandi, known as the ‘‘ Prince of Wales Hospital’’ and where out-patients are treated gratis. The town of Jamkhandi is supplied with good drinking water from a tank half a mile distant. The chief industries of the State are dyeing and weaving, and the principal products are cotton, wheat, grain and jowari, while the staple article of food is jowari. The climate is dry and healthy, and modern progress is making such headway that Jamkhandi may be considered one of the progressive States of the Southern Maratha country. (56) His HiGHNESS NARAYENRAO BAHASAHEB GHOREPADI, CHIEF OF ICHALKARAN]JI. (57 ) His Highness Narayenrao Bahasaheb Ghorepadi (Chief of Ichalkaranji.) His Highness of Ichalkaranji represents an old line of Brahmin Chiefs. The capital of his State, Ichalkaranji, is a pretty town bearing the same name, standing in latitude 16° 41/ north, and longitude 74° 1” east. The area of the State is 201 square miles, divided into two divisions, the Ichalkaranji and Ajaru. The soil is mostly very fertile, the exception being a part of the country stretching to the Ghauts bordering on the Konkan, which is rugged and jungly. The territory is watered by the rivers Panchganga, the Chitri, and the Hiranya- keshi. The town of Ichalkaranji is on the banks of the Panchganga, about eighteen miles west of Miraj, and half a mile north of the river. The town of Ajara is prettily situated a little to the northwest of the meeting of the Chitri, and the Hiranyakeshi, on a spur of the Sahyadries, about twenty miles east of the main crest. The climate of Ichalkaranji is dry and healthy, and that of Ajara is very cool and pleasant during the hot seasons, but unhealthy in the rainy season. The average rainfall at Ichalkaranji is 30.97 inches, and at Ajara go.93 inches. ‘ The Ramlinga at Shibpoor, a village about a mile and a half south of Nipani—the great emporium of grain-traffic in the Southern Maratha Country—is a temple dedicated to the god Shiva, and in a deep ravine on the Hiranyakeshi, with a fine pool and double waterfall, is the small temple called Ramkrishna, also dedicated to the god Shiva, about a mile and a half north of the town of India. The falls drop about twenty-five feet, and add much to the beauty of the whole scenery. The population of the State is about 70,000, that of the Ichalkaranji town alone being about 12,000. There are seventeen schools, attended by about 1200 boys, and maintained by the State at an annual expense of about Rs. 6,200. The little State is very thickly populated, the average being 342 per square mile, the population being mostly agricultural. The revenue of the State is about Rs. 235,000. The principal agricultural products of the Ichal- karanji district are jawari, wheat, tobacco, cotton, ground-nut, gram and sugar-cane; those of the Ajara district, rice and nachani, the former being famous all over the Deccan and known by the name of ‘‘jiragay.’’ : The family of the Ghorepadis of Ichalkaranji was the first Kokanasther Brahmin family that migrated from Konkan over the Ghauts, and they played some important parts in the history of the Deccan. The original surname of the family was Joshi, but it was changed to Ghorepadi as a token of respect for the family of the Senapati Ghorepadis of Kapshi. The Joshi family in ancient times resided in Warode in the Ratnagherry district, but they seem to have changed their residence to Whapan under the sway of the Sawants of Wadi. They eventually acquired the Kalkurni Vatan of the place. Mahadeopant is the remotest ancestor to whom the pedigree of the family can be traced. He died about the middle of the seventeenth century, leaving behind him a young widow, Gangabai, and a son named Naruyen, about seven or eight years old, who was destined in the course of events to take part in the preservation of the Maratha empire. After the death of Mahadeopant, his widow and son, who were reduced to the wants of daily life, found it expedient to leave Mhapan for up-country to find some means of support. About the year 1660, they arrived at Bahiriwadi, the then place of residence of Sanlaji Ghorpadi, a Maratha Chief, who gained so much celebrity after the death of great Shivaji. Their condition moved Santaji, who asked them to remain with him. This they did, and the son soon distinguished himself in the field under Santaji. On account of his various acts of bravery during the struggle which was then in progress with the Mogul forces, he became the first favorite of the gallant Senapati, who ever afterwards styled him his son Naro, whose surname was Joshi, assumed the surname of his patron Ghorepadi, and obtained sundry villages from him. From such an humble origin Naro attained to such eminence that the first Peshawa Balaji Vishwanath offered his daughter Anunbai in marriage to Naro’s son Venkatrao. In consequence of this new connection Maharajah Shahu Chatripati of Satara granted the whole of the Mahal of Ajara in Inam to Anunbai. Naro’s devotion to the Senapati’s family remained unabated to the end of his life. Under Santaji Naro had conferred on him the ensigncy of the golden streamer and the grand Nowbat of the Maratha army. Naro’s son Venkatrao added a further increase of honor and possessions by his distinguished conduct in the field in the cause of the Maharaja Chatrapati of Satara. At the time of the protracted siege of Bassein Chimnaji Appa, the Peshawa’s brother, had already begun to give up all hopes of reducing the fort, but Venkatrao, who at the time was quietly enjoying his possessions, hit upon a plan of creating a diversion in the Portuguese army by invading the Portuguese possessions. The task was entrusted to Venkatrao himself. He led two invasions and succeeded in cutting off all supplies to the Portuguese army in the Fort of Bassein. The result was the ultimate surrender of the fort to the Maratha army. Venkatrao died soon afterwards, that is, in 1739, and was succeeded by Narayenrao. Narayenrao was taken to Poona and was put in command of a division in the Peshawa army. Narayenrao accompanied the Peshawa forces against the Nawab of Sawnur. This won for him the Subhaship of Dharwar. Narayenrao died in 1770, and was succeeded by his son Venkatrao, who remained almost inactive during the great changes that were working toward the downfall of the Peshawas. Subsequent history deals with the continual petty warfares between Kolhapoor and the Peshawas, inroads upon the State of Ichalkaranji, being part of the former’s harassment, but Kohlapoor was ultimately forced to sign a treaty and guarantee against any further molestations on its part of the Ichalkaranji possessions. About the end of the eighteenth century, the Peshawa for the first time began to treat the Chiefs of Ichalkaranji as a feuda- tory of their own. A son who had been adopted by a dowager, Ramabai, was named Nara- yenrao Bahasaheb, and when he was adopted the closing scene of the Peshawa sovereignty was just opened. Their downfall soon afterward occurred, and, with it, the cause of Ichal- karanji suffered very heavily. With the downfall the suzerainty over Ichalkaranji was vested in the East India Company, and if it were disowned by them it must be believed to have reverted to the Maharaja Chhatrapati of Satara. It will be remembered that the tenure of this Sanstahn is distinct from those of the other Chiefs in the Southern Maratha Country, for all the villages included in the Sansthan are free from the incidence of service, which determines the tenures of the other Jahargirdars. Looking to the present status of the Ichal- karanji State, a subordinate State of Kolhapoor, one might naturally expect that the grant is made by the Kolhapoor Maharajah; but of the villages which are comprised in the State at present only one is received from the Kolhapoor Maharajah. The main bulk, as has been pointed out, is received from the Maharajah Chhatrapati of Satara, a few from the Desh- mukhs and Desais of the several districts, and some two villages from the Peshawa. The enfeebled condition of the Satara Maharaja left the Chiefs of Ichalkaranji quite independent of the sovereign jurisdiction of any other State. It was only during the time of Venkatrao II., grandson of Venkatrao I., that the Peshawas, owing to his maladministration, found it necessary to extend their supervision over this State. Thus from a comparatively inde- pendent state, Ichalkaranji began to be reckoned as one under the suzerainty of the Peshawa. The above will clearly show the high position which the Chief of Ichalkaranji enjoyed during the time of the Peshawa, and even for some time after. In 1835, the British Govern- ment found it necessary to determine the status of the Ichalkaranji State, and going into the past history of the Jahagir decided that the Chief stands in exactly the same relation as the Patwardhan Chiefs do, and extended their protection to him. In 1838, Kolhapoor renewed its attempts to bring about the subordination of Ichalkaranji. Again, in 1847, they opened the question, and the British Government decided it against Ichalkaranji, and the Chief was obliged to accept Kolhapoor sovereignty. But he accepted it only on condition that Kolha- poor ‘was not to be allowed to interfere with the administration of the State, and that all correspondence between the two States was to be held through the political officers of the British Government. To Ichalkaranji the loss of British suzerainty was not a small loss, for it had to accept the suzerainty of one with whom it had been at arms for nearly a century. The then Chief, Pabasaheb, died in 1852, without leaving any issue. The dowager lady was allowed to adopt, but the adopted son died soon afterwards, 7. ¢., in 1854. In 1864, she was allowed to adopt a second time. This was the adoption of Govindrao Abasaheb. He was an educated and enlightened man, but died two years after he resumed charge of his State. An adoption to him was allowed, and the adopted son, Narayenrao Bahasaheb, the present Chief, succeeded to the directorship of the State on the tenth of August, 1876. Bahasaheb, whose amiable disposition and literary attainments have won for him the highest esteem of both the European and native communities, was born on the twelfth of February, 1871, in the village of Kurkumbe, in the Sholapore district, and is therefore now twenty-six years of age. He was adopted when he was but about five years old, being chosen from amongst ten young boys, selected by the dowager, by Colonel F. Schneider, who was (58) then the Political Agent for Kolhapore and the Southern Mahratta Country; his sprightliness and pleasant features having in a great measure determined the Agent’s selection. By intel- ligence and steady application he soon raised himself above the ordinary level, for, besides his ordinary studies at Kolhapore, whither he was sent to be educated, he appears to have embraced every opportunity of acquiring that knowledge which would fit him for the duties of his position. He was a fellow-sudent with His Highness, the Raja of Akalkote and His Highness the Chief of Vishalgad, amongst others, and on account of the inconvenience and undesirability of the Sirdars having to acquire a knowledge of certain subjects, which, it was considered, would be useless to them in their particular sphere of life, a separate class was formed, and this enabled Bahasaheb to devote a great portion of his time to really useful subjects. The personal companionship of the superintendents out of school hours had, naturally, a beneficial and salubrious effect upon the young Chief’s mind, creating in him a taste for literature, amongst other things, which has remained unabated to the present time. In 1879, His Highness joined the first standard in the Rajaram High School, and in 1880, and also five years later, and again the following years, the Principal, Mr. C. H. Candy, reported very favorably of the development of his mind and the consequent progress made in his education. The Educational Inspector was also struck with the young Chief’s advance- ment especially in the subject of history. In 1889 Bahasaheb passed the Matriculation Examination, gaining an Alfred Scholarship, the stipends of which however he passed on to a student lower down in the list, contenting himself with the honorary distinction. He learnt no classical language, so he could not go through the regular course of University Examination. After remaining at Rajaram College for about a year, during which time he attended lectures on English History and Logic, he went to the Elphinstone College in Bombay, where he studied all the subjects for the second B. A. (classics excepted) and passed the Law Entrance Examination and as far as the LL. B. He frequently attended the High Court Judicature, Bombay, in order to watch the hearings, with a view to still further mental and legal advancement, and the experience thus gained enabled him to discern legal techni- calities which have been of great use to him since. When in Bombay, he had the additional advantage of associating with people of light and leading of all denominations, and this, naturally, had no small share in moulding his character. His Highness is of a very social and sociable nature, and fond of club life and its congenial associations. He is also devoted to traveling, and has already accomplished in India a good deal of this useful brand of education. He advocates steady reform, and is a man of refined morals, and the purity of his own home commands the general respect of his subjects, to whom he has in many ways endeared himself. His Highness, some years since associated his name with the movement for the establishment of an Indian Sandhurst, himself presenting an address on the subject to H. R. H., the Duke of Connaught, but to which, however, although it met with the approval of Lord Reay and others, the Supreme Government did not, as is known, see their way clear to give immediate effect. He is also interested in devising means for the employ- ment of the younger sons of Sirdars in the Civil Service, and with a view to the Sirdars being able to discuss their inconveniences with the Government, he organized an association of the Deccan Sirdars. Altogether, he evinces a general spirit of advancement, and a desire for the propagation of science, literature, etc. In March, 1886, His Highness, then fifteen years of age, married, by choice, the daughter of Mr. Mahim Moreshwar Parajape, a pleader at Ahmednagar, whose education also enables her to devote her time to literary pursuits, and the young Chief and his wife are very happy in their domestic life. The accompanying reproduction of His Highness’ photograph shows the enlightened young Chief as he appears at the present day. al Si His Highness Mir Faiz Mahomed Khan Talpur. His Highness Mir Faiz Mahomed Khan Talpur succeeded to the Gadi at the age of fifty-nine on the demise of his father, and became ruler of the State. He was installed on the eighth of April, 1894, since when His Highness has proved himself a most liberal-minded and successful ruler. Under the old regime, everything was done for the ruler and for his favorites, and nothing for the subjects. His Highness was the first to act otherwise and inaugurate many needed reforms in the State. He follows the advice of his Vazir, who has the good of his master and the people of the State at heart. Cultivators were at one time strictly prohibited from killing the wild pigs that frequently damaged or destroyed their crop; but the present ruler issued a proclamation, immediately after his installation, authorizing his subjects to destroy all destructive animals found trespassing in their fields, villages, or near their houses. He opened a civil hospital as well as four dispensaries for the benefit of his subjects, all of which were measures in the right direction, and an earnest of more reforms to follow all in good time. He caused to be opened eighty-six schools, and a much-needed technical school. These eighty-seven schools are attended by 2432 boys and 147 girls. He raised a small infantry regiment, which has been properly drilled, and now they are a credit to the State. He erected public buildings, dug new canals, and suppressed crime to a very great extent, and did all he could to develop the resources of the State and make his subjects happy and contented. H. H. Mir Mahomed Husain Ali Khan Talpur, C. S. I. The following, by Sirkar Faizasar Meer Sahib Meer Mahomed Nasir Khan, gives an account of the conquest of Sind from the standpoint of a son of the deposed Ameer. We give it very nearly as translated from the Sindi. ‘We are not descended from the Baluchis, who are described by Shah-Namah and other historians as wandering tribes of robbers, who belonged to Kutch, but from the Arabsof Arabia. The Baluches originally belonged to Hulb. This proves our origin, and from thousands of poems repeated by Baluches in their tongue, it can be ascertained that, when it was reported that Hazrat Imam Husain left for Kurbulla, all of his well-wishers and followers left with him, but before they reached that place Hazrat Imam Husain was slain. VYazid, who was the king at that time, ordered all those who had assisted Hazrat Imam Husain to be captured and their lands and properties confiscated. The Baluchis, being afraid of this cruel order, fled and settled at Kaich Mekran. In the reign of Abdul Mulk, son of Mardan, an army was prepared to conquer Sind, and Mahomed-bin-Kassim was put in command. Mir Mahomed-bin-Harron was the head of the tribe. His age, at that time, was 110 years, still he was ordered to accompany Mahomed-bin-Kassim to Sind, but on the way he died, at Las-Bello, and his grave is still to be seen there. It is said that he had fifty sons, of whom only three came to Sind, all others being left at Kaich-Mekran. When the Kaloras rose to power in Sind they introduced the feudal system and classes of lords and followers were created. The Sirdars also joined them in this new system. The Baluchis joined, not because they were of the same origin, as Mahommedans do not consider any tribe, excepting Syeds, who are descended from their Prophet, to be of high origin. Many Syeds who are uneducated became disciples of other religions. In short Mir Bujar Khan, Sahdor Khan, the latter of whom was called ‘‘ Jatti-Sati,”’ 7. e., the righteous, died in the time of Mian Nasir Mahomed. Mir Shahedad Khan was a man of intellect, ability and good fortune. He always remained in the company of Noor Mahomed Khan Kalora, and was held to be a man of high reputation, and he had great influence at Court. With a few Sirdars he attacked a fort in which thieves had taken shelter and which the King was unable to capture, but their leader, knowing him at once surrendered, and, on the promise of liberty, delivered over the keys of the fort to the King as directed by the Mir Sahib. He then, according to the promise of the Mir Sahib, returned all the lands he had conquered. On account of the services rendered, the Mir Sahib gave him the taluka of Shah-dad-pur and its revenue, to which he would have been rightful heir if the Government had not included it in Sind and taken it from him. In the time of Mian Gulam-Shah, Mir Shahdad Khan passed his time surrounded by great pomp, for the Kaloras knew very well that their power depended solely on Shahdad Khan. The title ‘* Mir” was not granted by a king, but by Ameer Khoomro, who was the son of Abdul-Matlab. My ancestors were always called Ameers, as they were descended from Khoomro and they always remained heads of the tribe. Then came Mahomed Sir Faraz Khan, of whom it was said that he was fit to be a God’s minister, but still he was a coward. It is a fact that those who are wise are rarely brave, but at present the English possess both these qualities. In short Mahomed Sir Faraz Khan, treacherously killed Mir Bahram Khan who was successor to Shahdad Khan. He also killed a son of Mir Shahdad Khan who was my great grandfather. = He thought to strengthen his rule thereby, but wisdom is hopeless before the Divine Will, and all his plans failed, and he was taken prisoner by his uncle Gulam Nabi Khan. Afterwards H. H. MIR MAHOMED HUSAIN ALI KHAN TALPUR, C. S. L Mian Abdul Nabi Khan, with the assistance of Mir Bujar Khan, usurped the throne of his brother, Gulam Nabi-Khan, but the Kaloras were so cruel and tyrannical that they did not regard human life more than that of a goat or a lamb. It will be seen from their history that whoever rose to power generally beheaded a number of powerful and honorable persons. Mian Abdul (60) Nabi proved ungrateful to Mir Buraj Khan and, being unable to kill him, sought assistance from the Raja of Jodhpur, to whom he gave Umarkote and the adjoining lands and, with his assistance, accompanied his designs. The Raja sent his ambassadors who declared that they had come to form alliance with the King, but in reality it was to murder the Ameer, whom they treacherously assassinated. Abdul Nabi Khan Kalora did not care about the Ameers, and killed Mir Fateh Khan Malkani and Mir Abdula. He invited them in a feast where he openly declared that he, himself, had come to feast with them, and on the ensuing day he slaughtered them. This was no new thing, but a common habit of the Kaloras. They never kept their word. Mian Mahomed Sir Faraz Khan once gave security to my grandfather, which I have still in my possession, but eight days afterwards he killed my relative. My other relatives then came to know that the Kaloras did not behave like lords to their followers, but were very oppressive. My great grandfather therefore opposed Mian Abdul Nabi. At the time of his first open opposition, when asked by the people, he said, it would be better for him to die as a warrior in the battlefield than to be murdered in cold blood by the Kaloras. My ancestors had no intention of conquering the land, for they knew that they could neither match the Kaloras, nor protect themselves against their tyranny. The tribe did not like to suffer wrongs any longer, and, believing success to be in God’s hands, they took up arms, but were unsuccessful in every battle. At last Mian Gulam Nabi Kalora, feeling helpless, sought assistance from the rulers of Kabul. Ahmedshah and Tamurshah came to oppose the Ameer, but all in vain. The Afghans had to retreat and were compelled to surrender, and beg for pardon. Some imagine that the Ameers had to pay tribute to the Afghans, but this is wrong, still my relations used to buy them off. ‘Once a European gentleman asked me if we had to pay any tribute to the Afghans. I replied ‘If the Afghans had been powerful enough to exact tribute from us, we could not have conquered the rich district of Shikarpur from them.’ Sarkar Ali Muttali Mir Fateh Ally Khan passed ten yearsat war, and ruled with great pomp over Sind for twenty-one years. After his death, his brother succeeded him, and rose to such power that he conquered Bhawalpur and Ahmedpur from Dadpata, and imprisoned his father in the fort of Sind for eleven months. He then annexed Kote, Subzul and many other places, till his annual revenue amounted to one lakh of rupees a year. He returned Taj-Bakshi to Mahomed Sadik Khan Kalora and released his son from prison and gave him a Khilat, or robe of honor. He made a treaty with Mahomed Sadik Khan, who promised to pay him 12,000 Rupees a year. The paper on which this treaty was drawn was with my father when he went on a tour to Calcutta, but now it is with some one else. Physically he was very strong. Once a lion, which had killed nine men, jumped upon the turban of Mir Sahib, but, having thrown his rifle on the ground, he gave the lion a blow on the head with his sword. The lion raised his paw and the nails of the paw were cut off. I have been shown these nails by my father. The sword was with my nephew, Mir Abdul Hoosain Khan, and I took it from him, and thinking it to be magical, I still have it. After Mir Gulam Ally Khan, Sarkar Azmahdar; Ally Mootali; Mir Karam-Ali-Khan, my grandfather, and Sarkar Jahandar Mir Moorad Ali Khan ruled conjointly. They captured Umarkote, which had been given away by Mian Gulam Nabi Kalora to the Raja of Jodhpur. The Raja opposed them, but after a terrible fight he had to withdraw from the field. “I was born in the reign of my grandfather, Mir Morad-Ali-Khan, in 1825 (Hijri 1240) and up to 1250 (Hijri) I remained with my grandfather, Meer Murad-Ali-Khan, and used to hunt with him. In the time of my father, Colonel Pattingern, the then Political Agent, was suc- ceeded by Mr. Outram. Mr. Outram went to Bombay and Sir Charles Napier was appointed Political Agent for Sind, and resided at Sukkar instead of Hyderabad. He drew up a treaty, the conditions of which were very severe, and it was sent to Hyderabad with Mr. Stanley. The conditions were cruel, and the Ameers knew that if they signed it they would lose all their power, and if they refused, they would subject themselves to Sir Charles Napier’s fury. At last they sent Vakils to Napier, at Sukkar, fully instructed to accept all that Government de- manded. Sir Charles Napier did not settle the matter, but asked them to return to Hyderabad to Colonel Outram who had returned from Bombay. We could notmake out what he meant, but he said that he would also send Rustam’s case to Mr. Outram for trial. But this was a mere put off, for he could have decided Rustam’s case at Sukkar and then sent for Mr. Outram, who openly declared that Government had sent him to make peace with the Ameers. The represen- tatives returned from Sukkar and Mir Rustam Khan also came to Hyderabad. Mr. Outram came with six or seven other European gentlemen to my father’s bungalow when other Meers of Hyderabad and Kharepur were present; aud the treaty was signed and sealed, but Rustam’s case was not decided. Mr. Outram took the treaty with him, a copy of which he must have sent to Napier, but Napier soon arrived with a large force and ammunition at Hyderabad. Mr. Outram was asked why Napier had come with such a large force when the treaty had been signed. He replied that if Napier intended to come, he could come with his staff only, as it would be dangerous te the Meers, shouid he bring an army with him. One night when Mir Saheb was at a feast an European gentleman, who was sent by Mr. Outram, came and stood out- side the door. He said he was going to check Napier’s progress and asked Mir Sahib to accom- pany him. The Mir Sahibat once left the feast, but the men of the Ameer, who accompanied the European gentleman, came back and said that Napier was coming with his army. When the Ameer Saheb found that Napier could not be checked, he entrusted the royal fort to me, and went personally to Napier. It wasreported that Hayatkhan Babra had been captured with his men, by Sir Charles Napier on the way. The Baluches were grieved over Rustam’s case and were quite certain that Napier would behave in the same way with every one. They therefore made an attack on Outram’s Bungalow. Although they were wrong in doing so, still a man of right conscience would judge that, if Napier had not captured Hayatkhan, the Baluches would not have been so much agitated and would not have attacked Colonel Outram, who was then the English Ambassador. Notwithstanding all this, the Ameer Sahib wished for peace and gave up his intention of fighting. He remained for three or four days hoping that Napier would come and make peace with him, but after that both sides prepared for war. “The Ameer Sahib saw two European horsemen coming, and thought they would bring a message of peace, so he ordered his people not to fire at them, but they had come merely as spies, and when they went back to their camp the firing commenced. Those who were destined to die, met their death, and when the Baluches were unable to face the English, they fled, and Mir Sahib was left only with the following: Mir Rustam Khan; Mir Allah-Bux, the youngest son of Mir Rustam; Mahomed Hoosain Shah-Vani; Mirza Khoosroo Akhooud Habib-Allah; Mahomed Bin-Iahir and Alli-As-Gar, who was of Persian origin, but was brought up in India. I saw shots in the carriage saddle and clothes of the Mir Sahib as well as a hole as big as a saucer in the Ameer Sahib’s coat. When I asked the Ameer Sahib about it he replied that his coat was torn, but a side of the coat had turned dark. I gave that coat afterward to a Syed. Mir Sahib was standing very near and the people, who were beside him, were nearly all killed. Mir Sahib then went to the fort of Hyderabad, where he passed the night. In the morning he went to Sir Charles Napier, who told him to go back and await the Governor-General’s reply, which he expected within forty days. The Amir Sahib had no intention of fighting and waited for two or three days when Sir Charles Napier came in his camp and pitched his tent in Mir Sahib’s garden. Sir Charles Napier then desired the Ameer Sahib to show him the fort, and asked him to give them a man to point out places of interest. He ordered his regiments to guard them and not to admit military men to the town. Mir Sahib gave them a man who showed them the whole fort. In the month of April my brother and myself, under a guard of (61) 400 Turkish horsemén, were taken to Mir Saheb, and, in the morning, we were put on board a steamer, and arrived at Bombay after seven days. Mir Sahib was given a lodging in the Bunga- low of the Governor at Valkeshwar. At that time Sir George Arthur was the Governor of Bombay, and he was a very good man and showered many favors upon us. Then, owing to heavy rain, Mir Sahib was removed to Poona and then to Samur, where he was given Baji Rao’s old palace to live in. We remained for one year there and after that we were invited by Lord Ellenborough, to Calcutta. By the time we reached Calcutta, Lord Harrings had been appointed in the place of Lord Ellenborough. had no apparent disease, and on the very day of his death he went for a walk, and, even up to A year after this Mir Saheb departed this life, though he the last he had a rosary in his hand. Lord Hardings was succeeded by Lord Dalhousie, who permitted us to return to Sind, but as we were deprived of all our freedom like a bird deprived of its wings, we gave up our intention of returning to our native place, as we thought it better to pass our days abroad than to come and lead a miserable life in Sind, where our ancestors had ruled. But Mir Husain Ali Khan, my uncle’s younger son, was invited, by his mother, to Sind. I was displeased to come back as, of all the Ameers, I was the only one left, but I was forced to come. I hunted for full eleven years in the jungle of the Sunderbans. Itis such a horrible jungle that no one dares to enter it during the day time, on account of the lions, but I, being very fond of hunting, used to go there, even at night. I killed about eight hundred cheetahs and twenty- four forest lions and three rhinoceroses. I remained fora year in Sind and then went to Bombay, where Sir Bartle Frere was Governor. I had never seen such a good man before, and I think I shall not see such a man in future. I remained for two years in the vicinity of Poona, where I killed about sixty cobras. After that I returned to Sind where I still hunt deer and ghuds (wild deer). the largest ever killed by any one. I have killed deer with horns fifty inches long. Ikilled a long horned ghud which was Now, under the patronage of the Government, I am con- tented with my luck, and pass my days very happily. I thank God, who has kept me in such a high position, and pray for the longevity and progress of the Government. But, when I remember my past, my relations, friends, cousins and brothers, I feel very dejected and dislike everything that comes before me. Although I did not rule over people, yet I ruled over my fathers, who were real kings. Now I conclude this history with a few words of the Mir Sahib’s, which deserve to be written in golden letters. When he was asked if the English conquered Sind from him, he replied ‘I was a well-wisher of the English and was a friend of theirs. I submitted myself wholly to the intentions and wishes of the Government. I crushed all my wishes in a way that no dependent king would have done. No one had the power to snatch away the country from my hands, but He snatched it from me, even He who had bestowed it upon me, 7. e., the Divine Will must be carried out. Indeed, what can I do before the Creator’s will as the word of God is approved of.’ I copied the above from the Mir Saheb’s book. ‘The Meers were always addressed by their titles, and nobody ever dared to call them by their actual names. Mir Futteh Ally Khan was called by the title of Sirdar Alli Muttallee. His brother, Mir Gulam Alikhan, by the same title. Meer Sahib Karmally Khan was called by the title of Sirkar Azmatdar. Meer Mahomed Nasir Khan was called by the name of Sarkare Faiz Asar. Meer Murad-Ali Khan was called Sarkare-Jehandar, and I was called Sirkar Rukedhar.” (62) Maharana Shri Jitsinhji Khumansinhji. Thakore Saheb of Mandwa, HE State of which the subject of this sketch is the Chief is in Rewa Kantha, and is situated at the junction of the rivers Narbada and Qor. Mandwa lies between the sacred cities of Chandode and Karnali. The town is a favorite place of pilgrimage for Hindus, thousands of people jour- neying there for the purpose of bathing in the sacred rivers. The climate of Mandwa is considared to be very healthy. The Thakore Saheb is descended from Bahadur Pra- thuraj (well-known in Indian history) and is a pure Chuhon Rajput. He was born on the thirty-first of August, 1876, and was educated in the Raj Kumar College at Rajkote, after which he toured India. He was installed on the gadi on the nineteenth of October, 1896. He still devotes much of his time to a continuation of his studies, looks well after the welfare of his subjects, and, having a genial disposition, is very popular amongst all classes. Sir Lawrence Jenkins, Kt., Chief Justice of Bombay. AIR LAWRENCE JENKINS was appointed Chief Justice of Bombay in April, 1899, upon the lamentable death of Sir Louis Kershaw. 7 Sir Lawrence is comparatively a young man, for his birth dates back only to 1858, and but sixteen years have elapsed since he was called to the Bar. Having been educated at Chel- tenham College and University College, Oxford, he was called to the Bar at Lincoln’s Inn, after which he practiced at the Chancery Bar. In April, 1896, he wis appointed a judge of the Calcutta High Court, and in the short period of three years during which he held office in Bengal, he was considered to have proved himself quite the ablest of the judges on the Bench. Initially, he surprised every one by his acquaintance with Indian law procedure, and the only solution to the enigma was the supposition that he had read up the necessary law on the voyage out to India. But such was his grasp of these (to him) new subjects, that he made it evident, from the first day that he sat in Court, that he possessed remarkable power in having succeeded in accom- plishing such an object in the short time that must have been at his disposal. Calcutta deeply regretted his departure, and for many reasons. They not only lost their ablest judge, but both Mr. Justice and Mrs. Jenkins had done a great deal socially to make life pleasant in Calcutta, and had always been ready to take a prominent part in any gayeties or amusements going forward. The Calcutta Bar is proverbially a strong one, and therefore critical of the Judiciary, but Mr. Justice Jenkins was spoken highly of by every member of the profession. This was of course comforting news to Bombay, and during the time that Sir Lawrence—for Mr. Justice Jenkins was knighted by Her Majesty the Queen-Empress upon his appointment—has been in Bombay, the residents of that city have had ample opportunities of realizing that his secession from Calcutta has been their undeniable gain, both judicially and socially. The legal profession generally have a high admiration for Sir Lawrence's manifold abilities. MAHARANA SHRI JITSINHJI KHUMANSINHJI, THAKORE SAHEB OF MANDWA. LATE SIR ALBERT SASsooN, Barr, C. S. IL. E TH BomBAY. OF Y E F JUSTIC Y BE INS, K7., C11 NCE JENK AWRE RT S (64) THE 1ATE S. D. Sassoon, Ps Q (65) MRs. S. D. SASSOON. The Sassoon Family. fl HE founder of the Sassoon Family was David Sassoon, Esquire. He came to India from the Persian Gulf about the year 1826, and commenced business as a merchant in Bombay, in the same year, under the name and style of David Sassoon & Co. In a few years, by dint of assiduity and business ability, his firm became one of the largest not only in Bombay, but in the East. He was noted for his charitable disposition and for the princely donations z made by him at various times. The European CX General Hospital at Poona; the synagogues and schools at Bombay and Poona; the reformatory and the ‘Sassoon Mechanics Institute’ at Bombay, are sufficient evidence of Mr. Sassoon’s large-hearted- ness and desire to relieve suffering and distress and promote religion and education. He died in 1865,and his eldest son, the late Sir Albert Sassoon, Bart, C. I. E., whose portrait we present herewith, be- came the head of the firm. Sir Albert resided in London, and was honored by the personal ac- quaintance of the heir apparent and other members of the royal family. Sir Albert gave to Bombay a magnificent equestrian statue of His Royal Highness the Prince of Wales; an organ to the town hall, said to be the finest in Bombay, as well as large donations toward the building of the Elphinstone School and the Sailors’ Home. His son, Mr. Edward Sassoon, is married to a daughter of Baron Gustav de Rothschild, of Paris. For a number of years the chief of the jombay firm of Messrs. David Sassoon & Co. was Mr. Solomon David Sassoon, a younger brother of Sir Albert. He was an extremely popular and most unassuming man who took a deep interest in the welfare of Bombay. He was a member of the Port Trust: a director of the Bank of Bombay, and was twice nominated to a seat in the Bombay Legislative Council. On his lamented death, two years ago, his position as partner and chief of the Bombay firm. was taken up by his widow, Mrs. S. D. Sassoon, who is an able and energetic business woman. In addition to the arduous duties connected with the management of the affairs of David Sassoon & Co., this worthy lady has shown herself ever ready and willing to devote her time and money to deeds of charity or to any cause having for its object the amelioration of the condition of the masses of India. The members of the Royal Bombay Yacht Club kindly did her the special honor of giving her the entree of the club, the same as in her husband’s lifetime, and she thus enjoys the privilege of being the only lady who can visit the club in her own right. (66) THE LATE SIR JAMSETJEE JEEJEEBHOY, BART, BARONET. FIRST PARSEE SIR JAMSETJEE JEEJEEBHOY, BAR’ ,C.’S. 1., THirD BARONET. (6 ) SIR JAMSETJEE JEEJEEBHOY, BART., FOURTH PRESENT BARONET. The Late Sir Jamsetjee Jeejeebhoy, Bart., First Parsee Baronet. The first Sir Jamsetjee Jeejeebhoy was born at Bombay, on the 15th July, 1783, and his parents, it appears, were originally residents of Navsari, a town near Surat, in the Bombay Presidency. Jamsetjee Jeejeebhoy did not have the educational advantages which the young men of India possess to-day, and he appears to have had only a very slight acquaintance with the English language. When but sixteen years of age he lost both his parents, during the same year, and was left to fight his way in the world alone. Shortly afterwards he went to Calcutta to seek em- ployment, having only 120 rupees in his possession. After a sojourn in Calcutta of about twelve months he returned to Bombay, and, with the very small sum of 180 rupees, began trading with Bengal and China. Success crowned his efforts, and he was soon able to command the sum of £3500, which he borrowed from his friends. With this capital at his command he entered into trading ventures with China, and made a number of journeys to that country. When returning from China on his fourth visit, the ship in which he sailed was attacked and captured by a French man-of-war, and Mr. Jamsetjee was taken, as a prisoner of war, to the Cape of Good Hope, which was then a Dutch possession. After some months at this place, owing to the kindness of the British Consul and some English ladies, he obtained a passage to Calcutta. After suffering many hardships and privations on the voyage he arrived safely, and from Calcutta he proceeded to Bombay, where he was received with heartfelt joy by his relatives and friends, who had long since given him up for lost. Despite his discouraging experience, Mr. Jamsetjee made a fifth voyage to China, and on his return in 1807 he settled down permanently in Bombay, and shortly afterwards, in conjunction with Motichand Amiechand, Mahomed Hossein Rogay and Captain Robb, he purchased a large ship, and the speculation appears to have been very profitable. The partnership thus commenced was continued for many years. The history of the commercial life of Mr. Jamsetjee from this period onward is one of uninterrupted prosperity. In the year 1822, on the occasion of the marriage of his eldest son, he paid the debts of a number of persons who had been imprisoned for debt, and obtained their release. This was the first occasion in which Mr. Jamsetjee came prominently before the public, but from this time until the close of his long life, it is safe to say that there was no particular movement in India with which he was not intimately associated. It would be impossible, in the limited space at our disposal, to give a detailed account of Sir Jamsetjee Jeejeebhoy’s benefactions to the people of India, but we may be pardoned for referring to a few of the principal ones. A visitor to Bombay will notice on the tramcars and carriages plying for hire, the mystic sign, ‘J. J. Hospital.” Upon inquiry he ascertains that the J. J. Hospital is the Jamsetjee Jeejeebhoy Hospital, which takes its name from the fact that the subject of our sketch contributed no less a sum than £16,500 towards its erection and maintenance. The hospital is open to all natives of India, irrespective of class, race, or creed. It will remain forever as a monument of the large-heartedness, humanity, and kindness of the first of the great Peabodys of the Fast. For the benefit of his own race, the Parsees, Sir Jamsetjee gave no less a sum than £113,380, and his total gifts to charities, educational and other objects, amounted to the vast sum of £234,272. In the year 1842, Mr. Jamsetjee had the honor of Knighthood conferred on him, and he was the recipient of many congratulatory addresses from the English and native population. On the 15th December, 1843, Sir Jamsetjee was presented, by her Majesty the Queen, with a gold medal, as a mark of her Majesty’s appreciation of his unceasing efforts to relieve the suffering and distressed people of India. At a public meeting held in Bombay in 1857, which was presided over by Lord Elphin- stone, the then Governor of Bombay, it was decided that a statue of Sir Jamsetjee, to be paid for by the public of India, should be placed in the Town Hall. The statue was obtained from England, and now occupies a prominent position in the Town Hall. Sir Jamsetjee was created a Baronet in 1858, and was the first person, not an Englishman, to receive that high distinction. Sir Jamsetjee died on the 24th April, 1859, mourned and regretted by all classes of the community. Government offered to give him a military funeral, but owing to the Parsee tenets, this honor was declined. The day of his funeral was observed as a day of mourning by (68) the people of Bombay, and all the leading banks and business houses were closed. Sir Jamset- jee left a widow, three sous, and a daughter to inherit a private fortune amounting to nearly a million sterling, as well as the far more glorious honor of his illustrious name. ° Sir Jamsetjee Jeejeebhoy Bart, J. P., Fourth and Present Baronet. Sheriff of Bombay. Sir Jamsetjee Jeejeebhoy Bart, the fourth and present holder of the title, is the younger brother of the late Sir Jamsetjee Jeejecbhoy Bart. On the death of the latter on the eighteenth of July, 1898, without a son and heir—his only son having died at Poona in 1893 at the age of sixteen—the title passed, with the succession, according to the letters patent of the Baronetcy, to his brother Mr. Cowasjee Cursetjee Jamsetjee, who was then an Assistant Collector of the second grade in the Bombay Salt Department, and located at Mahim. Mr. Cowasjee was born in Bombay on the second of November 1852, and, with his elder brother, was educated privately by Mr. W. H. Hamilton, under the supervision of his father, the second Baronet. He matriculated in 1871, and two years later passed the F. E. A. (now known as the Previous) examination. In 1869, Mr. Cowasjee married a relative, Goolbai Rustomjee Ardesir Wadia, the present Lady Jamsetjee, his wedding taking place on the same day that his elder brother was married, viz., the seventh of February. In 1879, two years after his father’s death, being desirous of engaging in active life, Mr. Cowasjee entered Government service as Extra Assistant to the Collector of Salt Revenue, in which department he served for nineteen years, leading meantime a retired and unobtrusive private life. He had, however, always intrusted himself keenly in the welfare of his own community, and was a trustee of the Sir Jamsetjee Jeejeebhoy Charity Fund, a member of the Committee of the Sir Jamsetjee Jeejeebhoy Parsee Benevolent Institu- tion, and a delegate of the Parsee Chief Matrimonial Court. In 1894 he was unanimously elected as a trustee of the Parsee Punchayet Charitable Funds. He was appointed a Justice of the Peace many years ago. After his accession to the Baronetcy, the Parsees, at a public meeting held in the Allbless Baug, unanimously elected Sir Jamsetjee as the recognized head and leader of their community in Bombay and elsewhere, in place of his deceased brother. Ile was also elected to the high position of President of the Board of Trustees of the Parsee Punchayet Funds. He has since been elected president of several public institutions, and a member of the directorate of many. public bodies and joint-stock companies. He has frequently been called upon to preside at public functions, and has associated himself with all movements for the promotion of the wel- fare of the general community. ; In December, 1899, Sir Jamsetjee Jeejeebhoy was appointed Sheriff of Bombay for the ensuing municipal year, an honor intensely gratifying to the Native community. He is also a member of the Bombay Municipal Corporation, a Fellow of the Bombay University, and the recognized head of the Parsees. : SIR DINSHAW MANOCKJEE Prey, BART. (69) 7 7 ‘ oe vid oe oo LADY SAKERBAI DINSHAW MANOCKJEE PETIT. Sir Dinshaw Manockjee Petit, Bart. The founder of the well-known Petit family removed from Surat to Bombay, where he commenced business as an agent to the French vessels which frequented the port. He was short of stature, and for this reason the French captains called him *‘ petit,’’ and this sobriquet, after the Parsee custom, was adopted as the family surname. Sir Dinshaw Manockjee Petit Bart., was the first child of the late Manockjee Nusserwanjee Petit and of Bai Humabai, eldest daughter of Jeejeebhoy Dadabhoy Moogana. In briefly sketching Sir Dinshaw’s career, we shall depend He was born on June 30, 1823, and is now seventy-three years of age. on an interesting biography which appeared some time since in Guzeratee, and which we are assured is accurate as to facts and dates. At the early age of nine years young Dinshaw was sent to a school kept by a retired sergeant named Sykes. just beginning to find honorable and profitable careers in commerce, and the education they most desired for their children, and, perhaps the only education open to them, was entirely commercial. On leaving Sykes’s school young Dinshaw spent a time at a finishing school kept by Messrs. Mainwaring & Corbet, but his school days were over at seventeen. In the year 1840, he began the struggle of life as a clerk on Rs. 15/ a month in the house of Messrs. Diron, Richmond & Co., where his father not only held the post of managing clerk, but was permitted to trade on his own account, through the firm, with England and China. Mr. Richmond was one of the most enterprising and prominent Bombay merchants of the time. His firm held much the same position as that afterwards attained by Messrs. Nicol & Co. Young Dinshaw could not possibly have been under better instructors, while Mr. Manockjee, The Parsees were at that time his father, was able to look carefully after his commercial training. He worked his way rapidly upward and in a short time his pay was increased to Rs. 100/ a month, and he was given, according to the custom of the times, the privilege of doing a little trade on his own account, but under the auspices of the firm. Mr. Richmond severed his connection with the old firm, and started in business as Richmond & Co. He took his enterprising assistant with him to manage the business of obtaining consignments, collecting indents, and forwarding them to Messrs. George Rennie & Co., his agents in England. In 1852, Mr. Richmond retired from business, and his English agents, then known as Messrs. Rennie & Clover, of Liverpool, started a Bombay house of their own under their old English title of Messrs. George Rennie & Co. Sir Dinshaw was entrusted with the management of their general business, and his father became their broker. Shortly after this, Mr. Manockjee became broker also to Messrs. Sillar & Co., and Mr. Dinshaw also undertook the management of their business. His younger brother, Nusserwanjee, had become the manager of Messrs. Dirom & Co., from which Mr. Richmond had withdrawn. The father and the two sons were all keen men of business, and as their interests lay in the same direction, and they were virtually working together, they decided to strengthen their position by going into partnership, under the The two brothers looked after their father’s business in these three firms for the rest of his life, and for five years after his name of Messrs. Manockjee Nusserwanjee, Sons & Co. death, which occurred on the twenty-first May, 1859. But in 1864, they separated by mutual consent and shared between them the original fortune of twenty-four lacs of rupees left by their father, and the very large additions made to it by their united thrift and energy. From that time Sir Dinshaw was identified with the cotton industry in Bombay, of which he was the pioneer. Long before he separated from his brother he had devoted himself with rare tact and ability to an experiment which has done more than anything else for the pros- perity of Bombay. Before, however, we describe the part he took in giving Bombay a new industry, we must allude to the marvelous prosperity that came to Western India from the blockade of the American cotton ports. The local commodity rose to fabulous prices, and (70) Sir Dinshaw’s knowledge and forethought enabled him to add immensely to his fortune. Many merchants, both European and native, were intoxicated with the flood of wealth that appeared to flow into Bombay. Sir Dinshaw was one of the few cool-headed men who did When General Grant deprived Lee of his sword he not only crushed the Southern Confederacy, but ruined half not get fluttered, but confined himself to his legitimate business. Bombay as well. Nearly every business house in the city tottered and very many collapsed altogether. Ruin stared the merchants of the city in the face, and few, besides Sir Dinshaw, escaped Scot free. During the crisis, however, he sacrificed nearly thirty lakhs of rupees in We must now notice the cotton industry which Sir Dinshaw had been instrumental in building up. The trying to save the credit of his friends, who were not so wise as himself. first cotton mill started in Bombay was founded by Mr. Cowasjee Nanabhoy Davur, but it In 1855 he induced his father, Mr. Manockjee, to erect a similar mill, but with additional machinery for weaving cloth. spun yarn only. Sir Dinshaw at once saw his opportunity. The efficient manner in which the Oriental Spinning and Weaving Mill, as it was called, was worked, induced other capitalists to follow suit, and laid the foundation of what has now become the most important industry in Western India. In all other industries introduced into India from Europe, the pioneers have invariably been Englishmen, and the capital has been found at home. The cotton manufacturing industry is, on the contrary, entirely native, and in the main Parsee. The profits made by the Oriental Spinning and Weaving Mill were so large that the year after his father died Sir Dinshaw prepared to erect another mill, and admitted his brother, Mr. Nusserwanjee, and Mr. Merwanjee Framjee Panday, as partners in the concern, which was to have been called the Manockjee Petit Spinning and Weaving Mill. speculation and eventually the mill was converted into a joint-stock concern in the name of A number of other influential men were, however, anxious to have a share in the the Manockjee Petit Spinning and Weaving Company, with a capital of Rs. 25,00,000 divided into 2500 shares of Rs. 1000 each. The company was subsequently reorganized under the name of Manockjee Petit Manufacturing Company, by which name it is still known. The capital of the company is, at present, Rs. 36,00.000. The good return which the Man- ockjee Petit Manufacturing Company yielded its shareholders proved Sir Dinshaw’s wisdom in investing his money in the development of local industry. He extended his operations in this line until he became the chief shareholder in the following mills, and their agent: Spindles. Looms. ‘The Manockjee Petit Mills... 0 Si wen ny 61,248 1180 ‘‘ Dinshaw Petit Mill, . . 51,720 8oo ‘“ Mazagon Mill, 30,096 360 ¥¢> Victoria Mill, . . 19,414 3 ‘“ Framjee Petit Mill, Rio ea Tr 500 ‘“ Gordon Mills, now known as Bomanjee Petit Mills, 21,400 8oo By investing a large share of his fortune in the rising industry which he virtually inaugurated, Sir Dinshaw not only got a princely return for his money, but he has been the means of affording employment to some ten or eleven thousand people. He followed the industry up in all its branches, and in the Manockjee Petit Mill he introduced the manufacture of hosiery, damask and other fancy goods, as well as of sewing thread. It is mainly due to Sir Dinshaw’s enterprise that Bombay has earned the title of the ‘‘Manchester of the Fast.” He has also opened a factory at Mahim, where yarns are dyed Turkey-red, green, yellow and other colors equal to any produced in England. Owing to his vast experience in commercial and financial matters, Sir Dinshaw’s services have always been in great public request. He was a director of the Bank of Bombay and of the Bombay Fire Insurance Company. He is a trustee of the Sir Jamsetjee Jeejeebhoy Parsee Punchayet Fund, a member of the Persian Zoroastrian Amelioration Fund Committee, a leading member of the Royal Asiatic Society, the Sassoon Mechanics’ Institute and the Sir Jamsetjee Jeejeebhoy Parsee Benevolent Institution. He is, of course, a Justice of the Peace and a Fellow of the University of Bombay. In November, 1886, the Government of I,ord Reay conferred upon him the Shrievalty of Bombay, and during the jubilee rejoicings Her Majesty was pleased to mark her gracious recognition of his long career of public usefulness by creating him a knight. In 1886, Sir Dinshaw was nominated a member of the Supreme Legislative Council of the Governor-General of India, and in May, 1890, Her Majesty the Queen was further pleased to bestow a baronetcy on him. As in the case of many great manufacturers and merchant princes at home, there is a benevolent as well as a business side to Sir Dinshaw’s character. He has necessarily a considerable amount of patronage, and this is carefully awarded for the most part to those who have seen better days. He keeps a register in his office, in which he enters the names of all who apply to him for assistance, together with their special qualifications, and when their turn comes they are given employ- ment. He supplies regular pensions to many who suffered in the Share Mania, and he is always zealous and munificent where the Zoroastrian religion is concerned. Needy students find a ready patron in him, and he has done much to support vernacular literature by taking, for distribution among his employes, large numbers of copies of any works of real merit. We are informed, on information that may be accepted as trustworthy, that he gives away yearly between Rs. 25,000 to Rs. 30,000 where it will do the most good. The list of his charities, which is a very formidable one, shows the magnificent total of twenty-three lacs of rupees, the mute eloquence of which points to the large-hearted generosity of the man, and puts to shame the millionaires of other lands who hoard their wealth, instead of doing good with it in their lifetime. If the rich men of America and England would but follow Sir Dinshaw’s example, extreme poverty would be banished from among deserving poor people, and human suffering would be reduced to a minimum. Europeans and natives vie with each other in doing honor to Sir Dinshaw, the ‘‘Grand Old Man’’ of the Parsees, who is loved by his personal friends and employes, and highly esteemed by not only Bombay, but all India. Lady Sakerbai Dinshaw Manockjee Petit. The memory of this well-known lady will Tong remain green on account of her manifold virtues, more especially on account of the benevolence she bestowed on the poor and the needy. She was born on the twenty-seventh of January, 1827, and inherited pure Iranian blood. Lady Sakerbai was married on the twenty-seventh of February, 1837 (corresponding with the first day of the sixth month in the Yezdezerdi year 1206), when only ten years old, to Mr. (now Sir) Dinshaw Manockjee Petit, her senior by four years. This early marriage was in accord- ance with the then prevailing custom of the Parsees, and, as is well known, proved eminently happy and fortunate, the worthy pair having lived in conjugal bliss for upwards of half a century. It is a notable coincidence that their golden wedding was synchronous with the jubilee of Her Majesty on the sixteenth of February, 1887, when all India rejoiced in hearty demonstrations of loyalty to the throne, and on which day the honor of knighthood was conferred on Sir Dinshaw. Lady Sakerbai’s shrewd common sense made her eminently useful to her husband, who sought after and acted on her valuable advice. Her faith in her religion was steadfast, and her piety and devotion were unmistakable, leading her to an active part in all religious undertakings and in deeds of charity. Every year, as regularly as Sir Dinshaw’s birthday came round, she used, in company with her daughters, to visit the various fire-temples of Bombay and elsewhere, and present each of them in turn with a complete set of censers costing 400 rupees, some forty sets having thus been offered in the local and up-country fire-temples during her lifetime. The Zoroastrians of Persia, as belonging to the land of her mother’s birth, came in for a large share of her charities, and by monetary assistance in other ways she evinced a keen interest in the amelioration of their condition. ‘‘The Sakerbai’s Hospital for Animals,’’ among many other useful institutions, is a standing monument of her never-failing desire to use her large resources to the best possible advantage, and it is not difficult to trace her guiding hand in Sir Dinshaw’s large- hearted and princely charities, amounting to the close of her valuable life, to 18,00,000 rupees. But largely as the public institutions founded by the worthy pair claimed her atten- tion and fostering care, she was also ever alive to the piteous call of the needy and indigent, and numerous are the private families that have been benefited by her gifts of money and clothes. Unostentatious and singularly free from the vanity and pride which riches too often beget, she gave a ready ear to the tale of woe from whichever quarter it came, and the poorest and humblest always found in her a patient listener, ready to sympathize and assist. Her husband’s constant companion, she accompanied him to Calcutta on the two occasions on which he went over to take his seat in the Viceregal Council. Her last journey from home was to Udwada, whither she went to take part in an undertaking suited to her religious frame of mind, namely, the foundation ceremony of a new building for religious purposes, which was about to be erected at Sir Dinshaw’s expense on a spacious plot of ground adjacent to the ancient fire-temple of that place. The ceremony, however, had to be abandoned, owing to her indisposition and consequent speedy return to Bombay, where, on the fifth of March, 1890, she breathed her last. The profound sorrow caused by her death was not confined to the large circle of her relatives, but spread far and wide, and was shared not only by the entire Parsee community, but large numbers of people of other nationalities, both in Bombay and in the Mofussil. To the poor families supported by the deceased lady's charity her loss was a calamity—Iletters and messages of coi:dolence to the bereaved family poured in from all parts of the country. Lord Reay, the then Governor of Bombay; Lord Landsdowne, the Viceroy, and the Duke of Connaught, also expressed their sympathy. The blow was a sad one to Sir Dinshaw Petit, and the joy consequent on his elevation to a baronetcy a fortnight later was largely tinged with the melancholy reflections that the com- panion of his earlier and his riper years, and the constant sharer of his joys and sorrows was not living to hear of the crowning incident in her husband’s successful career. i GHIER COWASJEE JEHANGHIER, R JEHAN I S CS. SIR COWASJEE JEHANGHIER, KT. (72) + Sir Cowasjee Jehanghier, Kt., C.'S. I. The late Sir Cowasjee Jehanghier was born in Bombay on May 24, 1824, in a house in Cowasjee Patel street which had belonged to his maternal grandfather, the great merchant, Dadysett. Sir Cowasjee’s ancestors came from Nowsaree to Bombay in the eighteenth century and they practically were the founders of the trade between India and China which laid the foundations of the prosperity of the Parsee community. Sir Cowasjee acquired a slight knowledge of English at a school kept by Sergeant Sykes. At this time the Parsees were almost exclusively devoted to commercial pursuits and, conse- quently, the only object of education was to fit them for a business career. Fortunately for the future Knight his mother, Meherbai, was a lady of much force of character and possessed of a large amount of common sense and a wide knowledge of the world. When fifteen years of age, Sir Cowasjee entered the employ of Messrs. Duncan Gibb & Co., as a godown keeper and, after acquiring some experience in that employ, he transferred his service to Messrs. Cardwell, Parsons & Co., and after some years in that employ to Messrs. Gray & Co. We cannot do better than quote from the well known and able work on the life of Sir Cowasjee by his son and heir, the present Sir Cowasjee Jehanghier: ¢‘ The probationary period of his commercial career lasted from his fifteenth to his twenty-fifth year and, in 1837, he was appointed guarantee broker to two European firms.”’ At the time of the opening of China to trade which followed the war of 1840 and the treaty of Nankin, the Parsees were the principal shipowners and shipbuilders of Bombay, and for the next twenty years they retained in their hands what was practically a monopoly of the China trade with Western India. The introduction of steam vessels raised up formidable competitors in the shape of English capitalists, and Parsee enterprise was diverted in the direction of the great cotton industry upon which now mainly rests the prosperity of the Bombay Presidency. Itisimpossible to give a full account of Sir Cowasjee’s business life and we feel certain that our readers would prefer that we should give a short history of his public life. The first public position held by Sir Cowasjee was that of a Justice of the Peace, an office which, in all the great cities of the empire, is one of influence and responsibility. Shortly after this dignity being conferred upon him, he became a member of the Board of Conservancy and, in 1860, he was appointed Commissioner of Income Tax and discharged the difficult duties of the office alike to the satisfaction of Government and the public. Sir Cowasjee was next offered a seat on the Bombay Legislature Council, but before his appointment was confirmed he was struck down by the grave malady which confined him to his house for the remainder of his life and thus effectually prevented him taking any active part in public life. In spite of this fact he continued to control his vast business affairs and it appeared to increase his desire to benefit his fellow men. In May, 1871, he was created a companion of the Star of India, and in June, 1872, he was created Knight Bachelor. In response to an address of congratulation on his being knighted, Sir Cowasjee said ‘‘ that he prayed that so long as the name of Readymoney may exist it shall always be found associated with loyalty and philanthropy.”’ As a philanthropist, Sir Cowasjee first came before the public of England by presenting the sum of 4200 to the London Fever Hospital, in honor of the recovery of the Prince of Wales from his dangerous illness. : : To give a detailed account of Sir Cowasjee’s donations to various objects would occupy more space than is at our disposal, but we may mention: The Cowasjee Jehanghier Civil Hospital at Surat; the Sir Cowasjee Jehanghier University Hall, toward which Sir Cowasjee contributed Rs. 100,000; the Poona Engineering College; the Strangers’ Home Friend Society; Cowasjee Jehanghier Eye Hospital (this latter institution cost the donor Rs. 112,000); the Cowasjee Jehanghier Building of the Elphinstone College (Rs. 200,000); the Financial Associa- tion of India and China (Rs. 200,000); and the Lunatic Asylum and Garden in Hyderabad Sind. In addition to the foregoing, Sir Cowasjee endowed many other institutions and dispensaries and the amount given away by him in his lifetime and known to the public, exceeded the vast (73) sum of Rs. 14,00,000, or, in sterling, over £150,000. Sir Cowasjee, in addition to the foregoing vast sum, gave large sums of which the public knew nothing. It may safely be said that no deserving poor person ever applied to him in vain for assistance or relief. Sir Cowasjee died in July, 1878, having been confined to his house for fourteen years with rheumatic gout. Of him it may be said that he was one of the first natives of India who realized that the possessor of great wealth is, after all, only a trustee of it for his fellow men, and he was one of the first of those native gentlemen whose names will go down to remote posterity as a liberal catholic-minded and benevolent citizen of the great city of Bombay. Sir Jehanghier Cowasjee Jehanghier, Kt. Sir Jehanghier was born at Bombay in 1852 and is the grandson of Mr. Heerjee Jehang- hier Readymoney, the eldest brother of the late Sir Cowasjee Jehanghier, Kt. C. I. E. This gentleman, having no children, adopted the subject of our sketch and, on the death of first Sir Cowasjee, in 1878, left the bulk of his property to Sir Jehanghier. Sir J. C. Jehanghier was educated at the Bombay Proprietary High School and subse- quently at the Elphinstone College. He visited England and the Continent for the first time in 1884 and again in 1888, 1893 and 1895, and on the occasion of his last visit had the honor of being created a Knight Bachelor of the United Kingdom. He had the honor of receiving the order of Knighthood direct from Her Majesty’s hands. Amongst others knighted on the same day were such distinguished men as Sir Henry Irving, Sir Walter Besant and Sir William Howard Russell, the great war correspondent. On Sir Jehanghier’s return to Bombay, toward the end of 189s, he and his charming wife received a most cordial welcome from all classes of English and native society. He was entertained at a banquet over which Sir Jamsetjee Jeejeebhoy, Bart., C. S. I., presided, and which was attended by Sir Charles Farran, Kt., Chief Justice of Bombay, the Honorable H. M. Birdwood, I. C. S., and all the Puisne Judges of the High Court ; Dr. Pollen, Collector of Bombay, and other leading personages of the city. Sir Jehanghier, on this occasion, in replying to the toast of his health which had been proposed by the Chairman, said : ¢“ Gentlemen, you must not expect me to make a speech for I am neither a lawyer nor a politician, yet I yield to none in my loyalty to the British Crown, for I thoroughly appre- ciate the blessings which we enjoy under British rule and I have very strong faith in the sense of justice of the British Government and the British Nation.” During Sir Jehanghier’s visit to England he donated the sum of Rs. 2,00,000 for the erection of the Readymoney wing of the Imperial Institute and had the honor of being present at the opening, by the Lord Chancellor, Lord Herschell, who, in his speech on the occasion, alluded to Mr. Jehanghier’s magnificent gift. The London Daily News of June 3, 1895, in its report of the opening ceremony says: ‘‘ All eyes were turned on the beautiful picturesque figure of an Indian lady who accom- panied Lady Herschell. The stranger wore a garment of pale green gauze thickly sprinkled with gold ornaments, forming headcovering, shawl and skirt. Her bodice of light blue silk, with a flower pattern of darker blue could only be seen now and then under the gauze. The large diamond ear-rings, costly bracelets, and great diamond brooches that she wore filled the other ladies with admiration. She was an Eastern beauty of the highest type. Some whis- pered that she was an Indian princess. They were mistaken, but she was a person of some importance, for her husband, Mr. J. Cowasjee Jehanghier of Bombay, had given the £10,500 by means of which the new hall had been built and the conference room decorated.” Sir Jehanghier married the lady referred to in 1876. She is the daughter of the late Ardashier Hormusji Wadia, Esq., of Lowjee Castle, Bombay, and has issue one son and two daughters. The Late Sir Mungaldas Nathubhoy, Kt., C. S. L Sir Mungaldas was the head of the Kapol Bania Caste of Bombay and local repre- sentative of the Hindu community in all public matters and the first Hindu of Bombay to be knighted by Her Majesty the Queen. His ancestors arrived in Bombay some fifty years after the English took possession of the island. They came from Ghogla, a village in the Island of Div in Kathiawar, and the family acquired vast wealth as the city prospered. Sir Mungaldas’ grandfather is still remembered in local traditions, as a distinguished Bombay Sett, and his father, Sett Nathoobhoy Ramdas, left a fortune in landed estates and houses. Sir Mungaldas was born on October 15, 1832. He studied English at Mr. Mainwaring’s school, after which he engaged a private tutor and took lessons during his leisure hours. At the age of eighteen he received his paternal estates from his guardians, and managed them so well that he became one of the largest land-owners in Bombay before his death. He abstained from speculating in shares and cotton, and built up his fortune by good manage- ment. He soon became known as a Hindu reformer of an entirely new school at the time. When but twenty years of age he assisted in establishing the Hindu Girls’ School in Bombay, founded under the patronage of the Students’ Literary and Scientific Society. He became a member of the Bombay Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society, and of the Geographical Society. He was a Justice of the Peace, and a commissioner of income tax. In 1863, he founded a Traveling Fellowship for Hindu Graduates in the University of Bombay. He founded a charitable dispensary at Kalyan, and built a separate ward for helpless Hindu women in the David Sassoon Infirm Asylum at Poona. In 1866, he was appointed a member of the Legis- lative Council of Bombay, and re-elected three times in succession—a very unusual honor. He was compelled to resign, owing to bad health, in 1874. Government recognized his services in the following words, in a letter to Sir Mungaldas: ‘‘Government cannot allow your prolonged connection with the Legislative Council to come to a close without expressing the strong sense it entertains of the attention to business and devotion to the interests of the public by which your career has been strongly marked.’’ In 1867, he revived the Bombay Association, which was then in a dormant state, and was appointed president of that political body. On the first of May, 1872, His Excellency Sir Seymour Fitzgerald, at that time Governor of Bombay, presented Sir Mungaldas with the insignia of the Most Exalted Order of the Star of India at Government House, Parell. In presenting the insignia, His Excellency spoke as follows: “Mr. Mungaldas—When I received Her Majesty’s commission to recommend to her such gentlemen as I thought were deserving of the honor of becoming Companions of the Order of the Star of India, it was with the greatest satisfaction that I submitted your name to Her Majesty, and that I learned that Her Majesty had been graciously pleased to accept it. The independence of character displayed by you and the eagerness to serve your fellow- citizens in every manner had proved you to be worthy of this honor, and it is with the greatest satisfaction that I present the insignia, and I hope you will be long spared to wear them.’ The Zllustrated London News published a portrait of Sir Mungaldas in 1875, and the Prince of Wales presented him with a silver medal as a token of His Highness’ visit to India. Sir Mungaldas gave large sums to public charity in his lifetime, and if we add the amount spent to perpetuate his memory since his death, we have a grand total of Rs. 4,80, 657. (74) THE LATE SIR MUNGALDAS NATHUBHOY, Kr. CGC. 8.1. MANGALDAS TRIBHOVANDAS NATHUBHOY, ESQUIRE, J. P. (75) Tribhovandas Mangaldas Nathubhoy, Esq., J. P. The subject of this sketch belongs to the family of Shet Rupji Dhanji, whose history forms a part of the history of Bombay. Mr. Tribhovandas is the eldest son of the late Sir Mangaldas Nathubhai, and has duly taken his father's place as the recognized head of the caste. Mr. Tribhovandas was born on the twenty-eighth of October, 1856, and was educated at St. Xavier's College, Bombay. He was married at the age of nineteen, His Royal Highness the Prince of Wales being one of the guests. The Duke and Duchess of Connaught have also been his guests, having visited him at his residence at the time of his daughter’s marriage. Mr. Tribhovandas is a member of the Bombay Municipal Corporation and a Justice of the Peace. He has been the Managing Trustee of the Kandas Narandas Charities, the Thakurji Fund, the Trustee of the Kavi Dalpatram Dayabhai Memorial Fund, and the Motichand ‘Amichand Gujrat Charity Fund. He is a member of: the Council of the Bombay Presidency Association, and was present as one of the delegates at the First Indian National Congress held in Bombay in 1885. He is a member of the National Indian Association, and is on its sub-com- mittee. This is a mixed social gathering of ladies and gentlemen, and is unique in this respect. He is also a member of the following institutions and boards: the Hindu Union Club, the Gokuldas Tejpal Charities, the Anthropological Society—where he has delivered many lectures,—The Hindu Burning and Burial Grounds Committee, the Gaurakshak Society’s Managing Committee, the Art Society of Bombay and the Royal Asiatic Society. Ile is also the Secretary to the Sir William Wedderburn Memorial Fund. He is a life-member of the Dnyan Prasarak Mandali, and is also a life-member and patron of that institution for the promotion of physical progress, the Hindu Gymkhana, for which he has donated the expense of the two fine lawn tennis courts named after him. He is a leading member of the Gayan Uttejak Mandali. He is the President and Patron of the Bombay Cosmopolitan Club. He is also the President of the Kapole Bania Caste and a Vice-President of the Arya Mitra Mela. The Hindu Burial and Burning Grounds Committee, which consists of leading men of different Hindu communities, has appointed him their President—an honor formerly enjoyed only by the Honorable Jagannath Shanker Shet, and the late Sir Mangaldas Nathubhai, both the acknowledged and worthy heads of the Hindu community. The Bombay Government appointed him President of the Sir Mangaldas Nathubhai Hindu Girls’ School Committee in the place of his father, and the High Court of Bombay nominated him a Managing Trustee of the Kandas Narandas Charities. Besides being President of the Committee of the Trustees of Sir Mangaldas Nathubhai Walkeshwar Sanitarium, built in honor of his marrriage, of the Charitable Dispensary at Walkeshwar, of the Kapole Nirashrit Fund, and the Fund for the education of the students of the Kapole caste, he holds several other positions in various institutions as president, member, or trustee. On the occasion of Her Imperial Majesty's Jubilee in 1887, he invited the Hindu community to a thanksgiving ceremony at Javerbaug, and presented a large clock to be placed over its gate for the use of the public in commemo- ration of that event. He took a prominent part at the public meeting held in honor of Lord Ripon, and distinguished himself as an effective public speaker, although it was the first time he had appeared before a large meeting. It was justly remarked by the ZZmes of India that “Mr. Tribhovandas conducted himself like a veteran orator ’’ on the occasion. As a President and Patron of the Bombay Cosmopolitan Club, the members have recognized his services in the following terms: ‘‘ They will always acknowledge you as the first benefactor of the Club, and as such, their foremost representative on all occasions.” He has given a large number of books to the Club Library for the use of the members. He also, for some time, supported the Girgaum Library, at present called J. N. Petit Library. A nice hall for the use of visitors is also being built at the Babulnath Temple in memory of his daughter. Mr. Tribhovandas, being descended from a distinguished family, enjoys a high position among the Hindu community and the esteem of high European society. Lady Harris was present at the name-giving ceremony of his son, Goverdhandas, in 1893, and also at the marriage ceremony of his two daughters, in March, 1894. Lord Harris, then Governor of Bombay, honored his family by presiding at a prize distribution to the successful pupils of the Mangaldas Nathubhoy Gujrati Hindu Girls’ School, held in the bungalow on the day after the marriage ceremonies. Their Royal Highnesses the Prince of Wales, and the Duke and Duchess of Connaught, all the past Governors of Bombay, beginning from Lord Elphinstone, and the various Native Chiefs and Princes have visited his Girgaum Mansion. Distinguished travelers, during their visits to Bombay, seldom lose the opportunity of paying it a visit. In his capacity as President of the Burning Ground, Mr. Tribhovandas accompanied the Archduke. of Russia to that spot, and the Archduke was much pleased with the information he received on this occasion and wrote a letter of thanks for the same. Renowned European and American travelers, such as Professor Deussen and Mr. E. Carpenter, have expressed their satisfaction at the reception accorded to them at the house of Mr. Tribhovandas, and have recorded their satisfaction either in private letters or in their books of travels. Mr. Tribhovandas’ family mansion is situated in the centre of Bombay. It containsa big drawing-room with other reception rooms, beautifully furnished and decorated and orna- mented by choicest works of art. Models of ships oscillating in a storm, pictures with musical boxes concealed behind them, a large automatic musical organ, Gocac flowers and fruits in the library, and fountains in the spacious garden are features of interest in this Girgaum abode Mr. Tribhovandas is ever ready to give a cordial reception to all comers, and a visit is made particularly interesting by the zeal with which the host supplies information about the manners and customs of his race. Mr. Tribhovandas has given several lectures before the Anthropological Society of Bombay relating to matters of religion and caste, marriage and death ceremonies, and various other subjects, all of which abounded with minute and detailed accounts of various Hindu customs on which the present Hindu Law is framed. These lectures have been an authentic source of information to officials and to all who wish to go to the root of the existing Hindu customs and religion. The author possesses a complete knowledge of these subjects and has a keen insight into all of them. He has published all his lectures for the use of the general public. Early after the breaking out of the Plague in Bombay, 1896-97, a meeting of the leading Hindu gentlemen of Bombay was convened by Mr. Tribhovandas and others at the mansion in Girgaum, to consider the measures for the relief of the poor victims of the Plague and to found a Hindu Plague Hospital. A large subscription was raised on the spot, and Mr. Tribho- vandas, in addition to immediate donations, undertook, with his usual liberality of heart, to make good all deficits (in case of the expenditure exceeding the subscriptions) to the extent of Rs. 5,000, and the deficit eventually covered a large proportion of the sum promised, which was most generously defrayed. Mr. Tribhovandas, unlike rich Hindus, remained in Bombay during the Plague in 1897, and assisted the operations of the Plague Committee in house-to-house visitation for the detection of Plague-stricken victims. On the abatement of the Plague he gave an account of his labors, with very useful and valuable suggestions, in the form of a report, much appreciated by General W. C. Gatacre, the President of the Plague Committee, and the authorities. For these services he was presented with an address by General Gatacre, at the request of the residents of Girgaum, as a token of their admiration of his noble character and public spirit, and of their gratitude for the great good he had done in freeing the locality from plague, and suggesting improvements for bettering the sanitary conditions of the place. On the occasion of the Diamond Jubilee of Her Majesty, Mr. Tribhovandas, as head of the Hindu community in Bombay, was again to the front in displaying his loyalty. He called a meeting of influential Hindu gentlemen at his Girgaum house for thanksgiving cere- monies, and wired congratulatory messages, both on his own personal account and on behalf of the Hindu community, to Her Most Gracious Majesty the Queen-Empress. A similar meeting of Hindu ladies was called by Mrs. Tribhovandas about the same time. For this Mr. Tribho- vandas was thanked by the Government of India, who requested him as Chairman of the Hindu Community for the Celebration of the Diamond Jubilee ‘‘to convey to the Hindu community of Bombay Her Majesty the Queen-Empress’ graciousappreciation of the sentiments conveyed in the Royal telegram,’ etc. A similar communication from the Government of India was received by Mrs. Tribhovandas, thanking her and the Hindu ladies of Bombay for their loyal sentiments. Later on a princely donation of Rs. 3,70,000 was offered by Mr. Tribhovandas to the University in honor and in memory of his father, the late Sir Mangaldas, for the founding of various scholarships to enable Hindu graduates to proceed to England, for technical education. On the recrudescence of the Plague in 1897-98 Mr. Tribhovandas again worked with an energy and a zeal remarkable in a Hindu Shet for the relief of his own caste-people and the Hindu community at large. Itis but the barest truth to say that it was solely through his instrumentality and under his presidentship that the Kapola and Lad Bania Joint Hospital (but in fact utilized by all Gujarati-speaking Hindus) was opened in the Lad Wady in the Cowasji Patel Tank Road, against the opposition and the prejudices of the local residents, 150 of whom strongly petitioned the Plague Committee against its establishment. Mr. Tribho- vandas, however, soon succeeded in putting down the opposition, and in convincing the Committee that the large number of concealed cases amongst the Gujarati Hindus were due to the want of an efficient and well-equipped hospital, and that the evil could to a great extent be remedied and confidence restored by the opening of a hospital within an easy distance of their homes. When, however, the hospital was about to be opened, the threatening attitude of the opposition party, who declared their intention of claiming damages in case of the contagion spreading to their houses, took the Managing Committee aback, and they thought of putting off their design, as no other suitable premises were at the time available. At this critical juncture Mr. Tribhovandas, happily for his community, showed a bold front, and personally undertook to indemnify the Committee against all future risk of litigation, and to half the extent of any damages that might be awarded by the court, thus establishing his claims to be, in a sense, the founder of the Hospital. He at the same time, at a meeting held at his bungalow, subscribed a sum of Rs. 500 to the funds of the Hospital. He was also the prime mover in the opening of a private segregation camp. When he applied for permission to the Plague Committee, they at once saw in the suggestion a most needed help from within, which would lighten their already too heavy labors, and therefore not only welcomed but thankfully acknowledged the offered help. After an inspectionof the places intended for segregation by Sir J. M. Campbell, the indefatigable Chairman of the Plague Committee and the medical authorities, the necessary permission was granted. Mr. Tribhovandas at once set about giving a substantial shape to his idea. He called a meeting of influential Hindu gentlemen, when a fund was started, which Mr. Tribhovandas headed with a snbscription of Rs. 1,000. The Javerbang Bag on the Kalbadevi Road was selected as a suitable place for the segregation of the ‘‘ contacts’ of his community, while the contacts of other communities were proposed to A 2 4 5 Cliath 39 eR bara Lh -~ be accommodated in sheds to be erected in open places. But before the execution of the project, sheds were raised by the Plague Committee for the same purpose and a supervising committee consisting of influential Hindus and Mahomedans, of which Mr. Tribhovandas was constituted by the Plague Committee to induce men of their caste to temporarily leave Bombay and move to the sheds and to look after their comforts there. In this connection it must be mentioned that while thus actively engaged in the opening of the hospital and a segregation home, Mr. Tribhovandas was no less busy as a surety on behalf of the Kapola Bania community for the release on surveillance tickets of his caste-men and others who were detained in the quarantine camps, on coming from the mofussil or when leaving Bombay. The Committee, of which Mr. Tribhovandas was the president, also spared no pains to secure the comfort and well-being of the persons quarantined, to whom daily provisions and every other necessary of life were supplied from the funds raised for the purpose, and to which Mr. Tribhovandas gave a handsome contribution. Mr. Tribhovandas also served for two months on the Grievance Committee appointed by Lord Sandhurst after the Plague riots to inquire into the causes of grievance. His ¢ valuable services to Government rendered in that connection’’ earned him the thanks of the chairman of the Plague Committee in a letter dated thirty-first of May, 1898. In the latter part of 1897 under the presidency of Mr. Tribhovandas a night school was started for the benefit of the poor Kapola Banias, who were compelled by circumstances to earn their bread during the day. Besides contributing to the expenses of the school, Mr. Tribhovandas, as a trustee, gave it the free use of Sir Mangaldas Girls’ School at Pydhonie. About the same time as the opening of the night school Mr. Tribhovandas’ sympathies were called into activity in another direction and found a suitable outlet in the founding of a Widows’ Fund for the destitute heirless and homeless widows of his caste, to which also Mr. Tribhovandas subscribed a sum of Rs. 1,000. Mr. Tribhovandas is blessed with a genial and affable temperament, and is ever ready to confer obligations on deserving persons who stand in need of help. He has proved himself a strong supporter of literary and scientific aspirants, and is always accessible to would-be authors of publications, be they on religious, philosophic, or scientific subjects. He is always ready to oblige people in ordinary or humble positions, and will often take great pains to inquire into their circumstances and prospects with a view to assisting them. His personal characteristics have endeared him to all who know him intimately, and will just as surely increase his popularity as his sphere of action is enlarged in the course of years. Sir George Cotton, Kt. | IR GEORGE COTTON was born in Ireland on July 12, 1842, and when six years of age he was taken to England, and was educated at Woolwich. He first came to India in 1863 as manager of the East India Cotton Agency, at Jalgaon. He was afterward appointed agent of the Mofussil Company at Amraoti, and the general manager of the company, Mr. James Greaves, was so well pleased with him that he appointed him district manager at Berar, Khangaon, Akola, and other places. Mr. Greaves and Mr. Cotton afterward formed a partnership under the title of Greaves, Cotton & Co., and the firm dealt largely in cotton for a time. They started the Alfred Manufacturing Company at Broach, and subsequently the Albert Edward Mills, and meantime the business of the firm prospered greatly. Mr. Cotton became a member of the Broach Local Board, and chairman of the Municipal Managing Committee, where he gained a considerable experience in the working of Indian municipalities. While residing at Broach he married Miss White, a daughter of the former Collector and Magistrate. The firm of Greaves, Cotton & Co. turned its attention to the large field of trade offered by Bombay, where it opened the Empress, the Connaught, the Leopold, and other mills. In Bombay Mr. Cotton became a member of the Chamber of Commerce, of the Mill-owners’ Association, of the Cotton Trade Association, and of the Municipal Corporation. He was appointed a special magistrate during the Hindu-Mahomedan riots, and the services rendered by him on that occasion were acknowledged by His Excellency, Lord Harris, Governor of Bombay. On his being appointed Sheriff of Bombay, in 1896, Mr. Cotton stipulated that he should not accept any fees, or that he should be allowed to pass them on to be used in aid of some charitable object. In 1897, while Mr. Cotton was still sheriff and president of the Municipal Corporation, he was knighted by Her Majesty the Queen-Empress. This coveted title was regarded by the public as no more than Mr. Cotton deserved, and it was admitted that Her Majesty had honored Bombay in thus honoring one of her really deserving citizens. Sir Bhalchandra Krishna Bhatavadekar, Kt. Few among the living worthies of the Bombay Presidency have, within a comparatively short space of time, attained to that wide popularity, among all classes and communities, achieved by the subject of our sketch. Sir Bhalchandra Krishna was born on the nineteenth of February, 1852, at Palaspe, on the banks of the Karnavati, about five miles from the famous fort of Karnala, near the port and town of Panvel, northeast of Bombay harbor. He comes of a very old and respected Brahmin family,—the Bhatavadekars of Talegaum, distinguished for services rendered both to the Peishwas and to the British Government in the early part of the century. : Sir Bhalchandra Krishna was educated in Bombay, where, after matriculating, he entered a ; the Grant Medical College. Here he met with marked success from the beginning, and at the : i : ST final examination for I. M. in 1873 he stood at the head of the first class, carrying off the Sir at ; Jamsetji Jijibhoy gold medal, as well as the Charles Morehead prize. He was appointed Assistant Surgeon on general duty at the J. J. Hospital, whence his services were transferred to the suburban town of Bandora. His next move was to the Native State of Palunpur, in a position of responsibility, where his ability as a medical man-—no less than his tact, sevoir- JSaire, and suavity of manner—was first put to the test. Here he won encomiums from the highest quarters. Lord Salisbury, then Secretary of State for India, referring to Dr. Bhalchan- dra’s work at Palunpur, wrote: ‘‘I observe that a feeling of confidence in the superiority of our medical practice over the unskilled pharmacy of the Native doctors is taking hold of the public mind, that many afflicted persons who have in vain sought relief through the medical men of their own race have resorted to the dispensary, and had their ailments successfully treated, and that various delicate operations requiring unremitting care and patient skill on the part of the surgeon in charge have been favorably performed. Whether regarded from a humanitarian or from a political point of view, these results are gratifying, and reflect great credit on the ability and care of Bhalchandra Krishna, the Medical Officer of the Institution.” In 1876 Dr. Bhalchandra was transferred, at his own request, to Bassein, in the Thana district. This place he left in 1876 for a field of wider usefulness at Baroda, where he became - Principal of the Vernacular College of Science. His abilities and capacity for work were pressed into service in more than one direction, and he was soon popular among the princes, the sirdars, and the people thoroughout the Gaekwar’s territory. On the retirement of Dr. Cody he was selected to fill the posts of Chief Medical Officer and Darbar Physician. As a painstaking and skillful physician he is still remembered, not only in the capital of His Highness the Gaekwar’s dominions, but in many parts of Gujrat, Kathiawar, and the Panch Mahals, and he is still the consulting physician to many a chief in those provinces. In 188s Dr. Bhalchandra left Baroda and settled in Bombay as a private practitioner. Though a comparative stranger in the Presidency town, his success was assured from the first. He was made a Justice of the Peace and a Fellow ofrthe Bombay University, the syndicate of which learned body for three years claimed him as a member. The rate-payers of a populous district returned him as a Municipal Councillor, and the Corporation elected him as a member of the Standing Committee, and later on as its Chairman, which position he held successively for three years. Sir Bhalchandra Krishna is a member of the Council of the Presidency Association and is connected with many other public institutions. In 1898 Le was unanimously elected President of the Bombay Municipal Corporation. Notwithstanding the severe demand which his large medical practice makes upon his time, Sir Bhalchandra contrives to find leisure to devote not only to his responsible civic duties, but to many calls of society, all of which entail much hard work. His favorite motto in Sanskrit may be rendered into: ‘‘ Treat your patient as you would your own son.”” To those who have experienced that treatment at his hands—so full of sympathy and encouragement—it is no matter for wonder that his success in the City of Bombay and elsewhere has been so marked. His elevation to a seat in the Legislative Council of the Governor of Bombay, in 1897, was a fitting recognition by Lord Sandhurst of Dr. Bhalchandra’s public services. On January 1, 1900, Dr. Bhalchandra was knighted by Her Most Gracious Majesty the Queen-Empress, in recognition of his services. Sir Bhalchandra should still have a long -career of public usefulness before him. (78) SIR GEORGE Corton, Kr. SiR BEALCHANDRA KRISHNA BHATAVADEKAR, KT. / 9) His HIGHNESS AGA SULTAN MAHOMED SHAH (AGA KHAN). His Highness Aga Sultan Mahomed Shah. Aga Sultan Mahomed Shah (Aga Khan) is descended in a direct line from Ali, who married Fatima, the daughter of the Prophet Mahomed. He claims, through the marriage of Hussein, the son of Ali, with a daughter of the pre-Mahomedan rulers of Persia, a connection with the early Persian Kings whose pedigree can be traced far away into ancient history. When Richard of England was engaged in the Crusades, the Aga’s forefathers had been ruling in Egypt a hundred years and had spread the territories of the Fatimite Calephite to the shores of the Atlantic. On the overthrow of their Sovereignty they made their way eastward into Persia, where they resided as country gentlemen and were held in the highest esteem by their followers as ‘‘the living and ever present Imams.’’ For a long time after this settlement in Persia little mention is made of the family in history. It is true they are reported as the terrible assassins of Alamut, but a study of the history of the time will show that Hussan Bin Saba, though an Imami-Ismaeli, or follower of the Imam represented by the head of the family, acted on his own responsibility in carrying out his designs of ambition and revenge. The grandfather of the first Aga Khan who settled in Bombay was Governor-General of Kerman, a large and important province of Persia. His eyes were put out by order of Aga Mahomed Khan, the first ruler of the present reigning dynasty in Persia. His son was offered the governorship of Mehelat, a post far inferior to the vice-royalty held by his father, but one that had to be accepted, as the offer was a command that could but be complied with. There Khalilulla, the great-grandfather of the present Aga, was born. Whilst sojourning at Yezd he was murdered by a riotous mob. Fateh Ali Shah, then King of Persia, knowing the danger likely to arise from the attack on a person of such standing in the social and religious world, immediately punished the instigator of the outrage, adopted Hussein-Al-Husseini and gave him one of his daughters in marriage. On the death of Fateh Ali Shah, the succession of Mahomed Shah was disputed, and Hussein-Al-Husseini was ordered to subdue the rebellion in Kerman; a task he carried out so successfully that the post of Governor-General of the province, one of the highest appointments in the Kingdom, was given to him. The Prime Minister was no friend of his and drove him, before long, into open rebellion. It was a fight for life and more readily undertaken as the great priests of Persia, tired of the rule of what they considered a foreign family, were ambitious to attain more power under a priestly ruler who was the direct descendant of the Imams. They promised to instigate the populace to join Hussein-Al-Husseini, who has been known since his arrival in India by the name of Aga Khan, a pet name given him by members of his household, and which clung to him through life, and came down to his son and grandson and will probably continue to be transmitted to the first-born for generations to come. The promises of the priests were not fulfilled and Aga Khan was driven across the frontier. He made his way through Afghanistan into India, and joined Napier in Sinde and was held in great esteem by that famous commander, who paid him £2000 a year for his services and spoke of him as a good and brave soldier and a wise politician. Later on Aga Khan settled in Bombay where the ‘‘chief of the assassins, terrible only in name,’’ spent his leisure time in hunting and horse-racing, to both of which he was passionately addicted. He was greatly reverenced and loved by the Khojas, his Indian followers, and in a short time he was in receipt of an immense income. The Government of India accorded him the title of Highness, which has since been borne in India by three generations of the family. He died in 1881 at the advanced age of eighty-four. He was succeeded in the Imamate by his eldest son, H. H. Aga Ali Shah (also called Aga Khan) who died in 1885. The present Aga Khan (H. H. Aga Sultan Mahomed Shah) was born at Karachi on the second of November, 1877. With the family’s ingrained love of sport he keeps an excellent racing stable with which he has been particularly successful. With the usual instructions in Arabic and Persian he has received a good English education, so that, besides being the recognized leader of society amongst the Persian colony in Bombay, and a well-known figure in the gatherings of natives of India, he is frequently seen in the best English society. (80) Dustur Kaikhosru Jamaspji Jamaspasa, High Priest of Bombay. 4/) USTUR KATKHORSRU JAMASP]I was born in September, 1866. His education was acquired under a private teacher, and also at the Bombay Proprietary School. The Dustur was appointed High Priest of Bombay on the death of his venerable father, Dustur Dr. Jamaspji Minocherji, M.A., Ph. D. (Tiibin), D. C. L. (Oxon) in September, 1898S. In 1889 Dustur Kaikhosru Jamaspji won Ardesir Sorabji Dustur Kamdin’s silver cup and-saucer offered by the Managing Com- mittee of the Mullapheroz Madrasai, for the excellent essay he wrote "upon ‘“ Death.” In October, 1897, he was the priest who conducted the first *“ Boe’ Ceremony on the occasion of the consecration of the Anjuman’s Fire Temple, when he was nominated the Deputy High Priest of the same, and, in accordance with custom, was presented with nine shawls. In 1898 he published a pamphlet containing contradictions to statements that had been made in a previous pamphlet that had been issued, in regard to the Anjuman’s Fire Temple. He was nominated High Priest of the Shanshais on the death of his revered father, when he was presented with twenty-three shawls by the Trustees of the Bhagar Anjuman and other persons. The Dustur possesses a sound knowledge of the Zend, Pehlavi, Persian and English languages; he is a capable and earnest preacher, and he is eminently respected and revered by the whole of the Parsee community. DASTUR KAIKHOSRU JAMASPJT JAMASPASA, HIGH PRIEST OF BoMBAY. (81) The Parsee High Priest of the Deccan. Shams-Ul-Ulma Sirdar Khan Bahadur Dastoor Hoshang Jamasp, Ph. D., High Priest of the Parsees in the Deccan, is the sixth son of Dastoor Jamasp and Buchiaijee, and was born at Naosari on the twenty-sixth of April, 1833. He studied under his learned father, and at the age of thirteen had made creditable progress in the study of the Zend-Avasta Pehlvi and Persian languages. Having qualified for the priesthood, he joined that noble rofession, in which his forefathers had acquired no ordinary amount of distinction and ame. After his father’s death in 1846, he went to Hyderabad (Deccan) with his elder brother, who had succeeded his father as the High Priest of the Deccan, and there pursued his spiritual and secular studies under the tuition of his brother, and distinguished Moham- medan Moulvis. During the eight or nine years spent in Hyderabad he mastered the Zend, Pehlvi, Pazend, Arabic, Persian and Urdu languages, and, returning to Poona when about twenty-one years of age, he devoted himself to the study of Sanskrit and Maharatti under some of the most renowned pundits of Poona. At the same time he acquired an intimate knowledge of English. He commenced the study of Latin, German and Hebrew, and has made himself familiar with twelve different languages, not to mention Guzeratti, which he speaks and writes fluently. He has received distinctions from the Government of India, the Emperor of Austria and the Philosophical Faculty of Vienna. His linguistic attain- ments were highly spoken of by Dr. Haug, who, in his preface to the Zend-Pehlvi Glossary testified to the Dastoor’s acquirements in the following complimentary terms: ‘‘Dastoor Hoshangjee, a young Parsee scholar of great ability, who possesses an excellent knowledge of several languages, principally of Pehlvi and Persian, and of their whole traditional literature, is the younger brother of Dastoor Nosherwanjee Jamaspjee, the High Priest of the Parsees in the Deccan.’’ ‘The Dastoor visited the Berars where he was appointed assistant Inam Com- missioner, which post he filled till the department was abolished. He refused an appoint- ment in the Police Department and returned to Poona just before the Mutiny. During that troublesome period his knowledge of Persian and Urdu was of great assistance to Government in discovering and interpreting treasonable correspondence, and though his life was often threatened, he heeded not personal danger. In 1859 Dastoor Hoshang was selected for the dis- tinguished office of High Priest of the Parsees in Malwa. He took up his headquarters at Mhow, and, for five years, worked with zeal in discharge of his ecclesiastical duties. In 1864-65 the Dastoor was appointed to edit, annotate, translate and publish old manuscript works in Zend, Pazend and Pehlvi on the Zoroastrian religion. In this capacity hislabor has been of the highest importance to Zend and Pehlvi literature, as he has been able to place before the savants of Furope works which had hitherto been inaccessible to them. His published works, namely, the ‘Zend Pehlvi Glossary,’’ the ‘‘Book of Ardaviraf,’’ the ‘‘Glossary to the Book of Ardaviraf,’’ the ‘‘ Pehlvi-Pazend Glossary’’ and ‘‘Shikund Gumani,’’ have won a wide reputation in learned circles, and philosophical knowledge, critical acumen and scientific method displayed in them have elicited much admiration. Besides these works the Dastoor has prepared, compiled and collected editions of the ‘‘Vendidad,’’ Zend and Pehlvi with Glossary and Notes,’ ‘‘Yesna, Zend and Pehlvi with Glossary and Notes,’’ and ‘‘Khordeh Avasta.’’ He has also compiled a complete glossary of Pazend words occurring in extant Pazend prayers. In 1874 Government appointed the Dastoor an assistant professor of Oriental languages, in addition to his duties as an editor and commentator of the old Zoroastrian Scriptures, and in 1884 raised him to the status of a Persian professor in the Deccan College. In 1884 the Parsee community elected him to succeed his eldest brother as the High Priest of the Deccan and Malwa. From 1877 to 1884 the Dastoor was examiner in Persian to the University of Bombay, and during the same period he held a seat in the Poona Municipality. The Dastoor’s acknowledged proficiency in Oriental learning has induced several European scholars and savants to seek interviews with him with the object of deriving informa- tion on important points connected with the Parsee theology, tradition, ceremonials and customs. In 1865 he was appointed a Fellow of the University of Bombay, and the Government offered to make him a Justice of the Peace, provided he fixed his residence in Bombay. On the establishment of the Parsee Matrimonial Court he was selected as a delegate, which office he still holds. When the Government of India, in 1878, con- ferred on him the title of Khan Bahadur he received addresses of congratulation from the Parsee community of Poona, Mhow, Neemuch, Indore, Hyderabad, Berar and the central provinces, as well as valuable presents in the shape of shawls, a valuable gold watch and a handsome silver tea-set. In 1884 Dastoor Hoshang was created a first-class Sirdar, and was presented with a dress of honor by the agent for Sirdars in the annual birthday Durbar. In 1886, His Imperial Majesty Francis Joseph I., of Austria, was pleased to confer upon him the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. He was made a Shams-Ul-Ulma by the Government of India—a title created at his suggestion, for the Parsees, to commemorate the jubilee of Her Most Gracious Majesty the Queen Empress, and on his retirement, Government issued the following resolution: ‘‘The Director of Public Instruction should be requested to inform Shams-Ul-Ulma Sardar Khan Bahadur Hoshangji Jamasp Dastoor that the Governor in Council appreciates the loss which the educational service has suffered from his retirement from the Deccan College, and the valuable services rendered by him to scholarship during his connection with the Deccan College.’”’ The Dastoor has three sons. The eldest, Asa, is in the Nizam’s ser- vice, while the second, Khan Bahadur Firoze, is a Master of Arts, and is Presidency Magistrate, Bombay ; and Meher, the youngest, is a Bachelor of Arts and Executive Officer of Poona. SHAMS -UL-ULMA SirRDAR KHAN BAHADUR DAsTOOR HOSHANG THE LATE HoN. MR. ABDULLA MEHERALI Jamasp, PH.D. Dwaramsy, B. A., J. B. > The Late Hon. Mr. Abdulla Meherali Dharamsi, B. A., J. P. The late Hon. Mr. Dharamsi belonged to a highly respected Khoja family. He was the son of Dharamsi Poonjabhoy, who, some thirty years ago, was known as the ‘‘ Khoja Merchant Prince of Bombay.’”” He was also related to the family of Mr. Currimbhoy Ibrahim, one of the present leaders of the Khoja Community. Mr. Dharamsi was born at Bombay, and received his primary education in the Elphinstone High School there. During the years 1875-77 he was under the instruction of Professors Wordsworth, Oxenham, Hathornthwaite and Kirkham in the Elphinstone College. Having obtained his B. A. degree in 1877, he turned his attention to law and entered into articles with the Hon. Mr. R. M. Sayani, then a member of the firm of Tyebji & Sayani. He was the only candidate who passed the LL. B. examination in the first class in 1882. Having been admitted a Solicitor of the High Court in October, 1883, he joined the well-known firm of Thakordas Dharamsi & Cama, with which he was connected till his death. In 1884 Mr. Dharamsi was nominated a Justice of the Peace, and was made a Fellow of the Bombay University in the following year. He took a great interest in the Municipal administration of the city, and was elected a member of the Municipal Corporation by the rate- payers of Mandavi Ward. Owing to the intelligent part he took in the discussion of Municipal affairs he was in 1889 appointed a member of the Joint School Board Committee. In the follow- ing year he was selected as a member of the Standing Committee. As a member of the Cor- poration he evinced a keen interest in the consideration of the new Municipal Bill, now called the City of Bombay Municipal Act, and as a member of the Standing Committee he made an independent minute on the claim of Messrs. Glover & Co., for one and a half lakhs of rupees against the municipality in connection with the Tansa Water Works. In April, 1893, Mr. Dharamsi started on a tour through Europe and America. He visited the principal towns of America, attending the Chicago Exhibition, and returned to Bombay via Japan and China in December. Mr. Dharamsi was an advocate of ‘ all education.” He established a paper called the Monitor with the object of awakening his co-religionists from their apathy, making them alive to the great debt they owed to the paternal British Government and kindling in them the spirit of emulation and educational rivalry. He was for about twelve years Honorary Secretary to the Anjuman-i-Islam, and as such he did good work in collecting subscriptions for the fine school building erected on the Esplanade. As Chairman of the Mulji- bhoy Khoja Library, he materially helped to promote the usefulness of that institution, and he always evinced a warm interest in the welfare of the two schools for Khoja girls. In the first week of 1896 Lord Sandhurst’s Government nominated Mr. Dharamsi a member of the Legisla- tive Council in place of the Hon. Mr. R. M. Sayani, whose term of office had expired, and who is now the Bombay representative on the Viceroy’s Council. At the date of his nomination, Mr. Dharamsi was a young man in whom was combined rare merit and modesty. He always respected the opinions of his co-adjutors, and worked harmoniously with them. The choice of Government was, therefore, justified by the results. To the general regret of the community, Mr. Dharamsi passed away in September, 1897, in his fortieth year. He left a widow and two sons, the elder of whom is nineteen years of age. All the principal Mahomedan public institutions were closed in token of respect to the deceased’s memory. The Khoja community could ill-afford the loss of one of whom they were justly proud, and they feel that it will be difficult to find a man to so ably fill the places on numerous public bodies which his death has rendered vacant. Adamjee Peerbhoy Rafi-ud-Din, J. P. This gentleman was born in the year 1846, at Dhoraji, the capital town of the Gondal State, in Kathiawar, where his parents were persons of some standing, although, being comparatively poor, they were not able to give young Adamjee more than an elementary education. He was, however, naturally endowed with strong commercial proclivities, and, as his native place did not provide sufficient scope for his energy and aspiration, he induced his parents to settle in Bombay, where he began to trade on his own account, at the age of seventeen years. He then succeeded in securing one or two small Government contracts, which he carried out so satisfactorily that the officers under whom he worked spontaneously testified to his ability and honesty. Thisled to his becoming favorably known in other Government departments, and by 1867 he was executing important contracts for the Bombay Arsenal, with which he has ever since been connected. In 1870, he obtained a contract for the supply of army camp equipage. At this time Futtahghar and Jubbulpore had the monopoly of the trade in this article, so much so that it was considered a specialty of those places. The contract was therefore carried on by Mr. Adamjee under great disadvantages at the outset, as there were no regular tent-makers of reputation then to be found in Bombay. A deep-rooted, and, perhaps, well-deserved prejudice against tents made in Bombay had to be fought against. Mr. Adamjee, however, so overcame all these obstacles and succeeded so well that there has been a demand for his tents ever since. They were appreciated by the Army, not only in ordinary times, but also in the Egyptian campaign of 1884, where two-thirds of the tents used were of his manufacture, the East of India not being able to supply more than one-third of the number required. They were also used in the Afghan wars of 1879 and 1880 and in all the subsequent frontier expeditions, always giving unqualified satisfaction. In December, 1878, when Sir Richard Temple, Governor of Bombay, applied for Maltese carts, the Gun Carriage Factory reported that they could only make from forty to fifty a month, and, as large numbers were wanted without delay, Mr. Adamjee was applied to. He undertook to supply 500 carts in twenty days from the date of order, and a further supply of 400 soon afterwards, making in all goo. An order for these was accordingly handed to him on the seventeenth of January, and by the twentieth of the following month, that is to say within five weeks, he had delivered the whole goo, and this at a time when the P. W. D. and the Bombay Municipality were engaged on identical work, which necessitated Mr. Adamjee bringing artificers from distant parts of the country, and keeping them at work day and night until the order was completed. Whatever the urgency, Mr. Adamjee never spared himself or his money to carry out his undertakings, and this notwithstanding the fact that some of his contracts proved unremunerative while others resulted in heavy losses. The above facts were prominently brought to the notice of the local Government by the Inspector-General of Ordnance at Bombay—Major General A. A. Bayley, R. A.—who recom- mended Mr. Adamjee for some Government honor. The Bombay Government endorsed this recommendation and forwarded the correspondence to the Government of India, but no practical outcome ensued in the matter owing to Mr. Adamjee modestly declining the proposed honor. He simply went on in his own quiet, plodding way, now and again eliciting praise and expressions of satisfaction from the officers with whom he had to work. He also added to his usefulness to the community by establishing a tannery in the suburbs of Bombay, where immense quantities of hides are tanned in the latest and most scientific fashion, and where leather is produced of a quality unequaled anywhere else in India. To this tannery he added harness, saddlery and boot departments, whence supplies of these goods are produced on a large scale. Boots and shoes were supplied by him to a considerable number of the troops employed in the recent Chitral, Afridi and Terah expeditions, and were pronounced, by a high (83) ADAMJEE PEERBHOY , Esg., J. P., SHERIFF OF BOMBAY. (34) authority, to be the best and most serviceable issued. Heads of departments have repeatedly brought to the notice of the Government of India the meritorious services rendered by Mr. Adamjee during emergencies, and he has been as often thanked by the Government of India and the local Government. He has for many years held, and still holds, contracts for the supply of leather to the arsenals in the Bombay and Madras Commands. The following remarks were put on record by General A.Walker, R. A., Director-General of Ordnance in Calcutta, India, in his memorandum to the Government of India on January 28, 1897: ‘‘ Mr. Adamjee Peerbhoy is the best ordnance contractor on the Bombay side of India. His enterprise and resources are exhibited in the excellent leather he produces by manufacture in his own tannery in Bombay for the Madras and Bombay Arsenals. I would recommend experts, Government officials and others, to visit his workshops and see the push of the man. He is far and away the most advanced ordnance contractor in India. The man has much grit in him. He is liberal and honest in his dealings as a contractor, and he would do well alike in peace and war. It does one good to come across such a man and have dealings with him.” Until about a year or two ago, Mr. Adamjee was known to the general public only as a large employer of labor, an enterprising manufacturer and merchant, and an eminently suc- cessful Government contractor, but the secret lately oozed out—having been divulged by a recipient of his bounty—that he has, from an early period and down to the present day, applied a large portion of the wealth with which he has been blessed to good and pious purposes, some of which may here be referred to. Some twenty years ago, when on a visit to the sacred city of Kerbella, in Asiatic Turkey, he became aware from personal experience of the hardships endured by Indian pilgrims to that place, through want of shelter from the heat of a burning sun, from scarcity of provisions and water, and from the chronic state of insecurity to life and property. He remedied this state of affairs at an annual outlay of Rs. 4,500, by erecting sub- stantial rest houses and keeping agents on the spot who were charged with the duty of assisting his co-religionists during their stay, by gratuitously supplying them with food and shelter and seeing to the protection of their lives and property. On his visit to Mecca seventeen years ago, finding things in a deplorable condition there, he made provision, on a still larger scale than at Kerbella, for the necessities of his countrymen during their sojourn. He also, at a cost of upwards of a lakh of rupees, erected in his native town (Dhoraji) a public market, a museum, and rest houses, for which the inhabitants are most grateful. During the famines of 1877, 1883, 1888, 1891 and 1897 he sent his agents to Kathiawar with money, grain and clothes for distribu- tion among the poor of his community in that province and thereby saved the lives of many thousands who, but for this timely and substantial aid, must have perished; and regard was most considerately paid to the feelings of those who were ashamed to be seen openly receiving alms by his charities being dispensed among them in secret or after nightfall. Some one hundred and twenty Mussulmans having been improperly convicted by a Brahmin Magistrate in Malegaon, in Khandesh, about ten years ago, Mr. Adamjee engaged Mr. ——, now the Honorable Mr. Justice , Budruddin Tyabjee and several solicitors and pleaders, at a cost of about Rs. 33,000, to appeal against the sentences. The result was that all the prisoners were acquitted by the Sessions Judge. About five thousand Borah Mahomedans in Yemen, in Asiatic Turkey, being in great straits owing to the famine which prevailed there about ten years ago, and which has continued during portions of the time ever since, Mr. Adamjee sent his agents to their assistance, with provisions for alleviating their sufferings and enabling them to tide over their difficulties. In 1894 a fire destroyed the villages of Kooksi Barvani, in Central India, rendering houseless and involving in utter ruin about five hundred Borah families. Mr. Adamjee sent agents to assist these persons to rebuild their houses and to help them over the disaster. In 1881, knowing of the educational difficulties with which the Borah Mahomedan youths in Kathiawar had to contend, Mr. Adamjee established and handsomely endowed twenty-seven schools in different parts of the province, where poor girls and boys could be gratuitously taught, and about twenty thousand boys and three thousand girls have already passed through these institutions. In 1886 he erected, at a cost of Rs. 3,25,000, a Sanitarium for the use of his community at Charni Road, Bombay. The building is 575 feet long and is ‘‘ pucca’’ built, in three blocks, and is capable of comfortably accommodating fifty-two families. It contains a beautiful mosque, situated at the southern end. There is also a charitable dispensary in the sanitarium. In the first block about one hundred and forty orphan Borah boys are gratuitously boarded, lodged, clothed and taught to read the Koran, with its meanings in Gujrati, and to study Arabic literature of a high class, as well as Mahomedan theology. Arrangements are also provided for teaching architectural drawing and English to the advanced students, so that the institution supplies both educational and religious requirements. Many of the boys who passed out of this institution are now filling responsible and highly paid appointments in Bombay, Calcutta, Madras, Colombo, Rangoon, Zanzibar and other places, and they constantly bless their kind benefactor for their present positions. Mr. Adamjee naturally takes a par- ticular interest in these boys. He has already applied about six lakhs of rupees to the purposes of ‘this school and for the general benefit of the boys educated therein. In 1897 a fire occurred at Burhanpur in the Central Provinces, burning nearly six thousand houses, and causing Mr. Adamjee’s co-religionists to suffer heavily. He inaugurated a fund for their relief, and the splendid donation of sixty thousand rupees was distributed amongst them. He also aided the sufferers by subscribing to the general fund for the relief of the helpless poor whose houses had been burnt, for which the Chief Commissioner of the Central Provinces, in The Government Gazette, No. 5240, dated Nagpur, nineteenth of June, 1897, and Central Provinces Secretariat, General Department, dated Nagpur, twenty-third of June, 1897, conveyed his special thanks to Mr. Adamjee. During the plague epidemics of 1896, 1897 and 1898 many thousands of panic-stricken Borah Mahomedans were enabled to leave Bombay for their native places, by reason of Mr, Adamjee having paid their railway fares and having supplied them with funds for the purchase of food on the road. He also set apart a portion of his palatial Charni Road sanitarium as a plague hospital for Borah Mahomedan sufferers, and employed, at his own expense, a large staff of doctors, both male and female, as well as a number of native Hakims. He placed another portion of the sanitarium at the disposal of the patients’ relatives, to whom all the necessaries of life were freely dispensed, sc long as the patients remained under treatment. This was the only plague hospital which afforded these privileges, and the only one which was wholly maintained at the cost of a single individual. The custom referred to obtains to the present day, as the hospital is still open. Mr. Adamjee has also spent large sums on diverse charitable institutions, and in scholarships for the encouragement of learning. Mr. Adamjee’s charities, though they have chiefly had for their object the alleviation of suffering and the improvement of the condition of Borah Mahomedans, have by no means been confined to that community, as many other classes—including Europeans—have had cause to remember his munificent benefactions. It will, no doubt, cause some astonishment when it is stated that the amount already devoted by Mr. Adamjee to charitable purposes totals no less a sum than wo and a half millions of rupees! It only remains to be stated that all the scholastic and charitable institutions founded and maintained by Mr. Adamjee are still in full working order, and each and all in a flourishing condition. Early in December, 1897, the public of Bombay were gratified, and Mr. Adamjee himself greatly surprised, at a notification which appeared in the Bombay Government Gazelle to the effect that Government had been pleased to appoint Mr. Adamjee to be the Sheriff of Bombay for the year 1897-98. Congratulations, both by letter and by wire, poured in upon him, showing that the appointment had given general satisfaction as an acknowledgment of his merit. On this auspicious occasion some forty addresses, from different places and bodies, were presented to Mr. Adamjee, and entertainments were given in his honor, the most notable of which was that organized by a large and influential representative Committee of the Public of Bombay, with Sir Dinshaw Manockjee Petit, Bart., for its chairman. This was held at Petit Hall on the nineteenth of January, 1898, when thousands of European and Native gentlemen attended. The following address, from the Public of Bombay, was read, and presented to Mr. Adamjee in a golden casket: ‘“To Adamjee Peerbhoy, Esq., J. P., Sheriff of Bombay: Sir: —It affords us, speaking as we do on behalf of the various communities of Bombay, unqualified pleasure to be able to congratulate you on your selection for the chief civic honor of this the first city in India. It was but natural that the heart of every member of the Borah (your own) community should have thrilled with delight when it became known that the choice of the Government of Lord Sandhurst for the Shrievalty for the ensuing year had fallen upon your worthy shoulders. In addition to them, your Mahomedan, European, Parsee, Hindoo, and other fellow- citizens also unanimously share in the feeling of gratification at your having been selected to fill the most ancient and distinguished civic office in the patronage of the State. The high respect and esteem entertained for you may be ascribed to your large-hearted, unsectarian charities, your solicitude for the poor, your assistance in the advancement of the industries of the country, as also for your noble work in the cause of education and the ameliora- tion of human suffering, which add brilliancy to a long, successful and honorable mercantile career. It must be gratifying for you to feel that you are in your declining years surrounded by sons who, in their social relations, reflect in no small measure your genial manners, kindness of heart, and virtues. Let us assure you that we are giving but faint expression to the general expectation when we express the hope that there await you in the near future further and more lasting honors to carry down the well-known name of the head of an illustrious house to a distant posterity. In conclusion, we once more offer you our congratulations, and pray that the Almighty God may spare you to enjoy the honors you richly merit and grant you long life to enjoy them. JiiBEOY FRAMJI PETIT, KAzi KABIRUDIN, SIR DINSHAW MANOCKJEE PETIT, Bart., NOOROODIN EBRAHIM, Chairman, Adamjee Peerbhoy Public GOVERDHANDAS GOKULDAS TEJPAL, Entertainment, Address and Reception Honorary Secretaries. Committees.” His Holiness the High Priest of the Dauodee section of the Borahs throughout the world also gave a grand entertainment to Mr. Adamjee and presented an address, on behalf of himself and his community, at the same time conferring on Mr. Adamjee the distinguished rank of ‘“‘Rafi-ud-Din ”’ (7. e., Climax of Religion). Mr. Adamjee Peerbhoy was the first member of his community to be made a Justice of the Peace, and also the first to receive the high appointment of Sheriff of Bombay. To this sketch of an honorable career, may be added the remark that Mr. Adamjee is recognized as the leading member of his community, and that he has attained to his present position, influence and wealth by persevering habits, untiring energy, shrewd business capacities, and, above all, by his amiable, sympathetic and urbane disposition. Mr. Adamjee has two daughters and six sons. The eldest son, Mr. Mahomedally, who is a Justice of the Peace, ably conducts his: father’s affairs, and is already publicly known as one who worthily reflects his father's virtues. The second son, Mr. Abdul Husein, who is also a Justice of the Peace, has a most genial and agreeable disposition. He promises to become a shining civic light, having lately been elected a member of the Bombay Municipal Corporation He is ambitious to become useful to his fellow-citizens. The third son, Mr. Karimbhoy, who is also a member of the Corporation, has the management of his father’s large tanneries and harness establishments at Dharavi, Bombay. (85) RAO BAHADUR ANANDRAO RAMKRISHNA TALCHERKAR. (86) Rao Bahadur Anandrao Ramkrishna Talcherkar. In Native society, just the same as elsewhere, there are many worthy and able men who do not come prominently before the public, preferring to remain quiet but earnest workers, whether it be in the official, professional, or private walks of life. To this retiring and reticent class belongs the subject of this brief sketch. Rao Bahadur Anandrao, now in his fiftieth year, received his early education in the Robert Money Institution, Bombay. For the rest he may be regarded, in the true sense of the word, as a self-made man. Previous to entering Government service, in which he has spent the best part of his life, he was in the employ of the shortlived Hindustan Bank of Share mania times. He next joined the Public Debt office; this was in October, 1867. Mr. Anandrao was taken on the office staff of the Government Dock-yard, Bombay, in the new Indian Troop Transport Service, then being organized for the annual conveyance of troops between England and India. As Accountant, and as Head Assistant, he continued in this department for over twelve years, which period covered the dispatch from Bombay of three Military Expeditions by sea, viz.: the Abyssinian, the Malta, and the Afghan Expeditions. His services were noted with satisfaction by Captains Robinson, Searle, and Carew, of the late Indian Navy, who were the several Superintendents of Marine under whom he had been gradually advanced. The late Captain Sir Henry Morland, I. N., transport officer, who was then a lieutenant, bore testimony to his ‘‘ conspicuous diligence, integrity and intelligence ’’ and the ‘‘ zealous, ener- getic and able manner’’ in which the work of the department had been conducted by him. After the successful dispatch of the Expeditionary Force from Bombay to Europe in 1878, which was the first expedition of its kind sent from India, Mr. Anandrao received the thanks of the special transport officer for his ‘‘zealous services and cheerful and ready assistance, afforded during a period of very trying and difficult work.” Mention of these exceptionally good services was made to Government by Rear-Admiral (then Captain) J. Bythesea, Consulting Naval Officer to the Government of India, the ‘‘vigilance and energy ’’ displayed by Mr. Anandrao being spoken of in the highest terms. For several years afterwards he occupied the post formerly held by the Secretary to the Superintendent of Marine. In 1893 Mr. Anandrao was appointed cashier of the Dock-yard by Rear-Admiral Sir John Hext, K. C. I. E., which post he continues to fill with credit. In May, 1897, His Excellency the Viceroy and Governor- General, Lord Elgin, was pleased to confer on Mr. Anandrao the title of Rao Bahadur asa personal distinction, in recognition of his long and meritorious services, extending over thirty years, in the Royal Indian Marine. Rao Bahadur Talcherker has served for several years, and is still serving, on the Municipal Board of the suburban town of Bandora, the leading munici- pality in the Thana District. He is spoken of as ‘‘a hard-working member of the Bandora Municipality, always ready to further municipal interests, and taking great trouble and interest in his duties as a Municipal Commissioner.”” He is well known for his advocacy of sanitary and other reforms for the improvement of the town. As a public-spirited citizen he takes a keen interest in questions of Indian social improvement. From his life, as well as from his writings, he would appear to have unbounded faith in the efficacy of silent, persistent and earnest individual effort, as opposed to loud and academical discussions, compromises and calculating expediency, in all urgent social reform movements. THE LATE ARDESIR HORMASJEE WADIA, Eso. (87 \ J The Late Ardesir Hormasjee Wadia, Esq. The late Mr. Ardesir, of Lowji Castle, was born on the twenty-eighth of August, 1812, and died on the sixteenth of May, 1882. At the time of the death of his father, Mr. Hormas- jee Bomanjee, who was reputed to be a wealthy merchant, Mr. Ardesir was barely fifteen. He and his brother, Bomanjee, who was his senior by about four years, were naturally deprived by their father’s death of his great experience and guidance. Besides his reputed wealth as a merchant and a ship-owner, for his ships were then plying between India and China, a large estate in Salsette, known as the ‘‘ Coorla Estate,”’ had been assigned to Mr. Hormasjee by the East India Company in 1806 for valuab'e services rendered, and although the gift was not con- sidered very important then from a revenual point of view, the property yields at the present time a net income of 35,000 rupees a year. At the time of Mr. Hormasjee’s death, however, in spite of his supposed wealth, his estate was found to be heavily encumbered, and it is greatly to the credit of the two young sons, who were only nineteen and fifteen respectively, that they were able to pay off the debts and leave a fortune of forty lakhs of rupees, to say nothing of the flourishing condition of their firm. This firm had a unique history, extending over a period of one hundred and twenty-five years, and was so favorably known in India, as well as in Europe, and particularly in England, that their bills were taken up by banks to an unusual extent. Mr. Ardesir was a man of retiring disposition, who took very little part in public affairs, but what little he did in this direction was to his credit. In 1837 he was elected an honorary member of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland. In 1840 he was made a Justice of the Peace. In 1841 he was appointed by Government an honorary Commissioner of the Court of Requesters. In 1842 he was elected a member of the Committee of the Native Educational Institution. On the ninth of August, 1845, at a meeting of the Justices, a resolu- tion was moved by him, and, after a warm discussion, carried by a majority, that the Municipal servants, including coolies and other out-door laborers, employed on monthly wages, should not be called upon to work on Sundays, and no reduction in their pay should be made on that account. The firm of the deceased were closely connected in business with Sir Charles Forbes, and one of the two ships owned by the firm was known by the name of ‘‘ Sir Charles Forbes.” This gentleman was of material help to the two brothers, and his name is still cherished by the younger members of the deceased’s family. Amongst the Parsis the family of the deceased is gratefully remembered on accout of his having given them a fire temple at an expenditure of several lakhs. This fire temple is known as the Hormasjee Wadia Fire Temple. The founda- tion was laid in 1830. Although the deceased was intimately associated with the commercial life of Bombay, and was promoter of several joint stock companies (some of which, however, came to grief during the ‘share mania ”’), and although the reputation of his firm, at the time of his death, was a most enviable one, and business in all the branches of their trade was extensive, still it was by his philanthropy and private charity that his name is remembered to the present day. Unostentatiously, he gave away from thirty to forty thousand rupees a year, and, after amply providing for his numerous family, he left in his will a sum of about twelve lakhs of rupees, in the hands of his trustees, for distribution in charity throughout the Presidency of Bombay. ARDESIR FrRAMJEE Moos, Eso. (88) Ardesir Framjee Moos, Esq. The subject of this memoir was one of the most healthy products of English education in India. His birth dates back to June twenty-second, 1827, and throughout his life his ster- ling worth, his exquisitely sensitive temperament and his high moral code made him true to his God and faithful to his fellow men. He belonged to the good old Guzdar family which migrated to Bombay about 1760, both his father and grandfather having been each in his day and generation well known merchants of high standing. The Bombay Chamber of Com- merce, which was first established in 1836, and whose first managing committee consisted of seven Europeans and three Parsee gentlemen, numbered Seth Framjee Moos amongst the latter, associated with him being Seth Framjee Cowasjee Banajee and Seth Dadabhoy Peston- .jee Wadia. Mr. Batanjee, the grandfather of Mr. Ardesir, adopted the surname of *‘ Moos,” which is a corruption of Monsieur, and the history of this is as follows: While other Parsee merchants were generally nicknamed on account of some peculiarity of their dress or some other characteristic, the foreign traders always addressed Mr. Ratanjee respectfully as Mon- sieur (““ Mooso ’’) and the family is now known by the abbreviated appellation of Moos. Mr. Ardesir was educated at the Elphinstone School, where, by sheer ability and intel- ligence, he attracted the special attention of the principal, Dr. Harkness. The lad secured all the scholarships and prizes that were open to him, and this led Dr. Harkness to offer him, at the early age of sixteen, a position as one of his assistants. Subsequently Mr. Ardesir was appointed Assistant Professor of Chemistry and Physics at the Elphinstone Institution, which post he resigned, however, in 1853 to take up a position in the Telegraph Department, this being the first time that a native of India had been offered such an appointment. On his retirement from the Elphinstone Institution, Mr. Ardesir’s pupils, friends and admirers, resolved at a meeting to perpetuate his memory by placing his portrait in oil in a conspicuous place in the Institution, but this was rendered impossible by his modestly refusing to sit for the por- trait. A similar resolution was adopted by members of the Native General Library, which institution owes its origin, growth and present flourishing condition to the disinterested efforts of Mr. Ardesir, but this idea was also abandoned in deference to his wishes. Having served in the Telegraph Department for some time, and seeing that the higher appointments were closed to him, as a native, he resigned from Government service. In 1861 Mr. Ardesir was appointed secretary of the Bombay Royal Mills on a salary of 1,200 rupees per mensem. The directors of the mills, after the appointment of Mr. Moos, did not interfere at all in the management, as they relied absolutely on the energy of their new secretary. He soon put a stop to the pernicious system of brokerage then in vogue, by which secretaries were paid a commission on every transaction. Later on, a sudden rise in the price of cotton caused a heavy loss to the company and Mr. Ardesir voluntarily offered to serve on half pay till the accounts once more showed a balance on the right side, and his example was followed by the whole staff down to the mukadam. In 1867 he resigned his appointment, and, like his father and his grandfather, entered into business as a merchant. Mr. Ardesir served on the Parsee Chief Matrimonial Court, was a Justice of the Peace, a Special Juror, and a Fellow of the University. He was unanimously elected Chief Auditor of the Bombay Municipality in 1867, which office he held till his death. Mr. Ardesir was instrumental, with Nowrojee Fur- doonjee, Dadabhoy Nowrojee, Sorabjee Bengali, and others, in forming the ‘ Young Bombay Party,” whose efforts in social reform during the sixties and seventies were supported by Sir E. Perry and Dr. Wilson. He was one of the leading spirits in the establishment of the first debating society, the first literary and scientific society, and the first social reform society. His political views were sound, and many a time, by his quiet but firm attitude, he put an efficient brake on the too rapid movements of his over zealous radical friends of the Young Bombay Party. He was one of the foremost pioneers of female education, and there was not a public institution established during this period of his activity to which he did not lend a helping hand. In whatever he did he worked quietly, never courting publicity and never approving of the action of those who did. He was a man of wide attainments in science, his forte being physical science, while his well known scholarly attainments in the English and Guzrati languages were evidenced by the publication of his English and Guzrati Dictionary, which was issued up to the letter “S,”” when his sudden death put a stop to his labors. The dictionary was dedicated, by permission, to Lord Ripon, Governor-General of India. His book, ‘‘ Travels in India ’’ enjoys a wide circulation. It was the first book of its kind written in India, and it was dedicated, by permission, to the Duke of Edinburgh. Mr. Ardesir was either a trustee or secretary and treasurer of no less than fourteen charitable and other insti- tutions. Mr. Ardesir left behind him three sons, all holding appointments under Government. The eldest son is the Civil Surgeon at Thana, and the second is the Director of the Gov- ernment Observatory at Colaba, Bombay, while his voungest son is an assistant in the Cus- toms Department. His only daughter is engaged in a labor of love. She established, and now superintends, a large and thriving girls’ school, which is a power for good in the com- munity to which she belongs. Ry Rao Bahadur Atmaram Joitaram Patell. £A0 BAHADUR ATMARAM JOITARAM PATELL, who is a Patni Teva Kunbi, was born on the seventeenth of September, 1849, at Surat, of well-to-do parents, and received his rudimentary edu- cation at a private Gujrati school kept by a Brahmin. After remaining at this school for a couple of years he was sent to a Gujrati Government school, where he stayed until he had com- pleted his education in Gujrati. In 1860 he entered the local high school, and after studying there until 1867 he went up for y ¥ the Bombay University entrance examination, which he succeeded in passing, and immediately joined the Elphinstone College at Bombay. Whilst he was attending the Surat High School both his parents had died. After studying at the Elphin- stone College for nearly three years, his eyesight became affected, and he was advised by the college physician to leave the college and return home. This he did, but after being at Surat for twelve months he returned to Bombay and rejoined the college, though before he had been there a month he was prostrated by fever, and this compelled him to again return to Surat. He, however, returned to Bombay the next year, but ill health compelled him to leave college and give up the idea of acquiring a complete university education. At Surat he had become acquainted with an Englishman who advised him to try the civil service examination in England, but his uncle and other members of his family raised ebjections to his leaving India. In April, 1872, he joined the Baroda State High School on a small salary as an assistant teacher. In April, 1875, he accompanied the Thakor Saheb of Limbdi to England as his sec- retary and accountant. He returned to Baroda in December of the same year. After teaching for more than eleven years he was sent to the survey department as a probationer. Before he joined the State Survey Department he was appointed Assistant Tutor and Governor to H. H. the Maharaja of Limbdi, and by dint of hard work and straightforwardness he rose to be Survey and Settlement Superintendent of the State, a position he still occupies. Rao Banapur, THE LATE HoN. BECHERDASS AmBAIDASS, C. S. L Tee LATE RAo BAHADUR SHETH MAGANBHAI KARAMCHAND, (For Biography, sec page 166.) : : Rao Bahadur, the Late Hon. Becherdass Ambaidass, C. S. lL Rao Bahadur Becherdass belonged to the Kudwa sect of Kunbees, from which so many notable commercial men have sprung. His father, Ambaidass, was the proprietor of a banking firm that did business with the Peshwa at Poona, the Gaekwar of Baroda, and the military department of the East India Company. Ambaidass resided at Ahmedabad, a city that is now the centre of great commercial activity. Rao Bahadur Becherdass was born in 1780, and his early education was limited to a knowledge of Gujarati, Mahrathi, and a smattering of Persian, but he improved himself intellectually after he entered his father’s business as manager of the branches at Amreli, Rajkote, Bhuj, Deesa and Neemuch. The villages of Vudson and Deghecha were granted to him by the Mahomedan rulers, in recognition of his patriotic services. Becherdass made himself popular with the British officers, Captain Crowley especially took a fancy to the lad, and instructed him in English until he had acquired a fair knowledge of the language. He entered the military department of the East India Company in 1845. Next year, however, his venerable father having died, he resigned his appointment and took over the management of his heritage. But though he had left Government service, he still made himself useful in the wars of the Punjab during 1857, when the country was passing through the terrible ordeal of the Mutiny, and gave money for the purpose of financing and helping Europeans who were exposed to danger from the mutineers. When a condition of law and order was once more established he started an export and import agency at Bombay, with branches at Dholera, Wadhwan, Coomta, Barsey and Broach, and he formed business connections with various European firms. At the same time he did not neglect his duty toward his caste people, but exercised his utmost endeavors to elevate them socially. In 1865 Mr. Becherdass established several spinning and weaving mills, in Ahmedabad, one of which he named after himself. By his sober judgment, strong character and resourceful nature he amassed a large fortune, which he used most advantageously. He made a princely gift of two lakhs of rupees for educational and charitable purposes, while among the other philanthropic works that he left behind him in Ahmedabad are : The Mahalaxmi Female Train- ing College, a Sanskrit school, the Becherdass Dispensary, the Sadavratand a Rest-house for trav- elers near the railway station. He was elected a Municipal Commissioner, which position he filled from 1862 till the time of his death. In 1866 he was nominated a member of the Local Fund Committee, and two years later he was made an Honorary Magistrate. He was instrumental in suppressing female infanticide and in regulating marriage expenses in the Kudwa community. His distinguished services were highly eulogized by the Government, who conferred on him the title of ‘‘ Rao Bahadur” in 1875. His exertions were further recognized by Her Most Gracious Majesty the Queen-Empress of India, who conferred on him the Companionship of the Most Exalted Order of the Star of India. As a member of the Legislative Council, and the Senate Committee, and a Trustee of the Bombay Port Trust, he served his country with credit. He traveled over the greater part of India, and was present at the Imperial Assem- blage at Delhi, where he received a medal from Lord Lytton. He died on the twentieth of December, 1889, leaving one daughter and a son named Shambhooprasad. Sheth Shambhooprasad. Was born at Ahmedabad on the twenty-fourth of February, 1865. He succeeded his father in the management of the business of banker, agent and cotton manufacturer. From his childhood Sheth Shambhooprasad showed considerable fondness for travel and an apti- tude for study. He traveled extensively in India and Ceylon, afterwards publishing his expe- riences and impressions in a pamphlet. As he was held in such high esteem by the rate- payers of Ahmedabad they elected him to the Municipality, and since his elecfion he has taken an active part in the deliberations of that body, which regulates the civil affairs of the city. He is President of the Kudwa community by virtue of his benevolent gifts and his special interest in their education and progress. He is also the President of the Umiya Mata Com- mittee. He built a pond mansarovar and a rest-house, for which acts of charity His Highness the Gaekwar of Baroda sent him a valuable present. He is a Freemason and has much influ- ence among the Masons of Ahmedabad. He possesses a thorough knowledge of his business, and obtains a firm grasp of the various questions that arise concerning the welfare of India. He invested a sum of fifteen hundred rupees in order that the interest therefrom might be distributed to the boys of his caste in the high school, and he is boarding and educating, at his own expense, a number of students who are attending college in Ahmedabad. (91) The Late Rao Bahadur Bholanath Sarabhai. Rao Bahadur Bholanath Sarabhai was a native of Baroda, where he was born on July 23, 1822. He was the son of Sarabhai, whose ancestors served under the Moguls and the Peshwas, but who was himself a Residency Munshi, and, subsequently, Daftadar to Colonel Walker, the then Resident at Baroda. The British Government granted him an Inam village, in perpetuity, in recognition of his services. He belonged to the well-known caste of Vadna- gara Nagar Brahmins. Young Bholanath, who was educated by his father, had, by the time he was twenty, acquired a creditable knowledge of Persian, Sanskrit, Marathi and English. Thus prepared, he had to strike out for himself, and being enterprising and self-reliant he began his career in the office of the District Judge at Ahmedabad. In 1844 he was appointed a Munsiff at Ahme- dabad, after which he became a Sadar Amin, then Principal Sadar Amin, and finally a First Class Subordinate Judge. His services were rewarded by Government with the title of Rao Bahadur and a khilat, and he was made a Second Class Sirdar of the Deccan. These worldly honors, however, only held a subordinate place in his aspirations, as he believed that he had a higher mission to fulfill. He became a pioneer of social and religious reforms in Guzrat. His career as a reformer stands out in greater relief than it otherwise would owing to the fact that during the earlier period of his life he lived surrounded by superstition and idolatry. But by dint of intelligent effort he outgrew these superstitions. Protesting against many degenerate forms of Hinduism, Bholanath became the leader of Hindu Protestantism, and in 187r, with the help of his zealous and sympathetic friends, Rao Bahadur Ranchordlal Chhotalal and Rao Saheb Mahipatram Rupram, he founded, at Ahmedabad, the Prarthana Samaja on a purely theistic basis, the aims and doctrines of the Samaj being identical with those of the Brahmo Samaja at Calcutta. Its object is to weed out the superstitions from Hinduism, and it prescribes the ideal form of worship as that of the One True God. Unlike the Arya Samaja, founded by the great reformer Dayananda Sarasvati, it does not accept any book as a revelation and an infallible guide, and rejects all considerations of expediency in religious matters. Mr. Bhola- nath abhorred the caste institution, and was the first to side with Rao Saheb Mahipatram in his caste dispute on his return from England. He disapproved of infant marriage as being in direct violation of the Sastras, as physically baneful, and as being one of the causes of the degeneration of the Hindus. He held that a bride of sixteen should be linked to a bridegroom of twenty-five. He was in favor of choice marriages duly controlled by the parents. He advocated widow remarriages on grounds moral and religious, and his tender heart sympa- thized with the widows. He considered the education of Hindu women and the higher educa- tion of men as necessary for social aud religious reforms and the regeneration of India, and he held that female education only can reinstate the Aryan woman in her ancient and exalted position of honor and liberty. He introduced many of these reforms into his own family. He was one of the chief originators of and contributors to the Arts College at Ahmedabad. He worked with zeal and practical public spirit as an active member of the Guzrat College Fund Committee and of the Managing Committee of the Guzrat Vernacular Society. He wrote poetry and composed many hymns, prayers and religious songs. His latest compositions, though rugged in style, contain much that is real poetry. His poems, the Prarthana Mala, the Abhangas and others are full of devotion and love towards God, and have a peculiar diction of their own, at once simple, elegant and sublime. His prose masterpiece is the Nagar- Mitra, which is brilliant and powerful. He was a true lover of music and painting, and he possessed correct literary and critical tastes, which gave special value to his opinions as a member of the Gujrati Book Committee of the Government Educational Department. In 1876 the present Prarthana Mandir was built owing to the efforts and influence of Mr. Bholanath. He was very fond of traveling. He visited a large part of Upper India and the Bombay Presidency. In the course of these travels, and otherwise, he came into contact with great men like Maharshi Devendranath Tagore, Babu P. C. Mazumdar, Babu K. C. Sen and Pandit Shivnath Sastri, and his acquaintance with these able men stimulated his highly religious character. Mr. Bholanath was public-spirited, amiable, hospitable and liberal. 1866, and in 1869 his second son died at the age of twenty-eight. His first son, Babarao, died in 1884. He bore these afflictions very patiently, but there was always a struggle going on in his heart between religious resignation and earthly attachments. This undermined his health, which gradually failed after his return from Mahableshwar in 1885. In February, 1888, he went to see the Marchioness of Ely depart from Ahmedabad, and on his return home he ruptured a blood-vessel. Fever and dropsy set in, and after an illness of three months he breathed his last on the eleventh day of May, 1886, in the sixty-fourth year of his age. He was sincerely mourned by not only his large family but by numerous personal friends as well as by the whole of the people of Gujarat. He lost his wife in THE LATE RAO BAHADUR BHOLANATH SARABHAL Dr. Thomas Blaney, C. I. E. Dr. Blaney was born in the town of Caharonlish, in Ireland, in 1823. He came to India in 1836 and joined the Subordinate Medical Department of the Fast India Company as an apprentice. It is interesting to know that the quaint rules in force then—over sixty years ago ‘—set forth that the indenture signed by an apprentice ¢‘ shall be written with his own hand and shall be duly signed and sealed with three seals.”” Young Blaney was enjoined to ‘‘ avoid bad company,” to ‘‘regularly attend the public worship of God,” and ‘not to play at cards, dice, billiards or any other unlawful game I’ After completing his apprenticeship he was sent to sea in a medical capacity. He returned to Bombay and completed a four years’ course in the Government College. He was refused permission to remain another year in the college, but he still served Government till 1860, when he resigned. Dr. Blaney’s private practice has been very large from the first, and his income has consequently been ample, but his good nature and his charitable disposition have kept him a comparatively poor man, when he might easily have amassed a fortune. His chief enjoyment has always been to help the poor and the penniless. He has been medical adviser to as many as three generations of the same family in many instances, and has been remembered in the wills of a number of persons who had been his patients. Dr. Blaney established a school for the waifs of Christian parentage, at his own expense, and this school having been taken over. by a committee is now maintained by public subscription. He was made a Justice of the Peace in 1871 and he has been a member of the Municipal Corporation for many years. In 1875 Dr. Blaney was appointed Sheriff of Bombay, and he was re-appointed to that office in 1887. In 1878 he became Chairman of the Town Council which office he held for three consecutive years. While serving on the Town Council or the Corporation, or both at once, he always refused the fees due to him for attending the meetings, and these fees, it may be men- tioned, would have amounted altogether to some 16,000 rupees. When Dr. Blaney retired from the Town Council, his colleagues presented him with an address enclosed in a handsome silver and ebony casket. : ; In 1876 Dr. Blaney was appointed Coroner of Bombay, and this office he filled for seven- teen years. In 1881 he was elected Chairman of the Bombay Corporation, and he served for a year as president of that body. In 1889 he became a member of the Joint Schools Committee and was at once elected their chairman. He was nominated a member of the Jubilee Tech- nical Institution by the Corporation some years ago. Dr. Blaney was made a Companion of the Most Eminent Order of the Indian Empire by her Most Gracious Majesty the Queen-Empress in 1894, in recognition of his many services to the public of Bombay. In the square in front of the palatial Victoria Railway Terminus building there is a handsome and faithful statue of the venerable Doctor. This memorial stands as a practical proof of Dr. Blaney’s popularity amongst the citizens of Bombay. The depth of their regard for their fellow townsman will be better understood when it is stated that the statue was erected in 1894, at a time when Dr. Blaney was still laboring among them, and the Doctor thus has the rare gratification of being able to witness in his own statue his fellow citizens’ testimony to his goodness and popularity. The Hon. Mr. Bomanji Dinshaw Petit, J. P. This gentleman is the eldest surviving son of Sir Dinshaw Maneckji Petit Bart., and was born in 1859. He was educated at St. Xavier's College, Bombay, where he graduated and passed his preliminary examination in Arts. He would have prosecuted his studies further, but the death of his elder brother Cowasjee made it necessary for him to join his father’s firm—Sir Dinshaw Maneckji Petit, Sons & Co.—and assist in the management of the spinning, weaving, ginning and pressing concerns managed by the firm, viz.: the Manockji Petit, the Dinshaw Petit, the Mazagon, the Victoria and the Framjee Petit Mills, and the Southern Mahratta Gin- ning and Pressing Co., Ltd., as well as other colossal businesses engineered by the firm. Tater on, the death of his brother, Mr. Framjee Petit, threw the entire management of all the above- mentioned concerns, together with the other miscellaneous businesses of the firm, onto the shoulders of Mr. Bomanjee, who however conducts them all with extraordinary business capacity. In addition to this, he has lately established a firm called B. C. Petit Sons & Co., under whose agency he has erected a ginning and pressing factory at Jalna ; and he further intends to set on foot similar concerns, as well as spinning, weaving, dyeing and bleaching factories in various parts of India. The principal idea of Mr. Bomanjee in starting these businesses was to assist his sons in commercial life, and with this object in view he has made two of them, Mr. Jehanjir and Mr. Dhunjeebhoy partners in the concerns. Mr. Bomanjee is a man of the world, and a shrewd, far-seeing competent business man. He is a director of the Bank of Bombay. He possesses a thorough knowledge of the working of spinning and weaving mills, and this knowledge has caused him to be elected to a seat on the Board of Directors of several joint stock companies, viz.: The Godaveri Valley Ginning and Pressing Co., Ltd.; the Kaiser-i-Hind Gold Mining Co., Ltd.; the Western India Spinning and Weaving Co., Ltd.; the Jubilee Manufacturing Co., Ltd.; the Textile Manufacturing Co., Itd.; the Bombay Dyeing Co., Ltd.; the Sassoon and Alliance Silk Mill and all the companies under the agency of Sir D. M. Petit Sons & Co., namely, the Manockjee Petit, the Dinshaw Petit, the Bomanjee Petit, the Mazagon, the Framjee Petit and the Victoria Mills. Mr. Boman- jee is president of the first two of these latter companies. In addition to the above, he is chairman of a new company called ‘‘ The Bombay Fire Insurance Co., Ltd.,” which was estab- lished by himself. He is a member of the Bombay Chamber of Commerce, the Bombay Mill- Owners’ Association and the Bombay branch of the Royal Asiatic Society. He was also elected a member of the board of the Bombay Improvement Trust, as the representative of the Mill- Owners’ Association. Some time ago a Cotton Exchange Association was started in Bombay under the auspices of some leading European merchants. The sphere of business of this asso- ciation was confined to the furtherance of the interests of European merchants, to the total exclusion of native merchants. This caused a feeling of dissatisfaction among the native cotton merchants, who are very strong in Bombay, so to remove this ill-feeling another cotton exchange was established with a powerful board, presided over by Mr. Bomanjee. Mr. Bomanjee, notwithstanding the labor and time devoted to commercial matters, takes a lively interest in social and educational affairs, which he does much to promote. He isa Justice of the Peace for the Town and Island of Bombay, a Special Juror and a delegate of the (94) Bombay Parsee Matrimonial Court. He is a member of the Boards of the Victoria Jubilee Technical Institute, the Sir Jamsetjee Jeejeebhoy Parsee Benevolent Institution, the Jamsetjee Nusserwanji Petit Parsee Orphanage, the Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals and PD the Lady Sakerbai Dinshaw Petit Hospital for Animals. He is on the Managing Committees * of the Society for the Amelioration of Distressed Zoroastrians in Persia, the Sir Dinshaw Petit Gymnasium, the Society for Erecting Sanitary Dwellings for Poor Parsees, the New Scheme to erect model sanitary dwelling quarters for Parsees and other similar institutions. Mr. Bomanjee frequently takes a holiday among the hills, but in 1891 he made an extended tour, during which he visited Europe and America, where he devoted his time to seeing and study- ing the manners and customs of the people. He gives freely to deserving objects, and in this he follows in the footsteps of his distinguished father, Sir Dinshaw. He has contributed so far a sum of about two lakhs of rupees to the establishment of libraries, schools and hospitals and for a building for housing poor Parsees, the foundation stone of which was recently laid by Lady Sandhurst. Mr. Bomanjee is one of the largest landed proprietors of Bombay, and his possessions in Bombay and elsewhere, in addition to his various other investments, are worth fifteen lakhs of rupees. The best of his properties is his residential mansion, ¢ Chateau Petit,”” at Warden Road, Mahaluxmi, which is a fine building, with a spendidly laid out garden and beautiful lawns and playgrounds. The place is magnificently fitted up with electric lights and all up-to- date conveniences. It is handsomely and tastefully furnished and decorated, and is finally embellished with highly valuable paintings and statuary, executed by the well known masters of the West. One of the features of the Chateau is its select and valuable library, which cost over Rs. 10,000, and which contains a collection of old out-of-print books as well as some of _the best modern literary gems. This is probably the most attractive feature of the mansion. In 1899 His Exceliency the Governor, Lord Sandhurst, was pleased to nominate Mr. Bomanjee to a seat on the Bombay Legislative Council as Additional Member for Making Laws and Regulations. In 1872, at the age of thirteen, Mr. Bomanjee married Bai Goolbai, the eldest daughter of Mr. Nanabhoy Byramjee Jeejeebhoy, the well known scion of the Jeejeebhoy Dadabhoy family, and a gentleman who had had a brilliant public career in his early days. Mr. Boman- jee has three sons and two daughters, all of whom appear in the photographic group published with this sketch. On the thirteenth of January, 1900, the Hon. Mr. Bomanjee had the honor of enter- taining His Excellency Lord Sandhurst, Governor of Bombay, at the Chateau Petit at a gathering of farewell given by him to His Excellency, whose term of office was expiring the following month. His Excellency Yeon accompanied by Lady Sandhurst, and the guests included the leading members of European and native society in Bombay. NE INE IE eX Budruddin Abdulla Koor, Esquire, J. P. Mr. Budruddin was born in Bombay on the twenty-fifth March, 1865, and is the son of - Mr. Abdulla Allysaheb Koor, who is well known for his large investments in landed property. Mr. Budruddin is a Sunnee Mohammedan, and belongs to a highly respectable family, which came to India from Arabia centuries ago. We may add that fully ninety-five per cent of the Mohammedans of India are Sunnees. Mr. Budruddin’s grandfather belonged to the army He was educated at the Elphinstone High School, and after matriculating he completed his medical service and served under General Macnaughten in the Afghan war of 1839-40. education at the Elphinstone College. He is familiar with the English, Persian, Arabic and several vernacular languages. In March, 1892, Mr. Budruddin was elected to a seat in the Municipal Corporation for Bhuleshwar Ward and still retains his seat, having been re-elected in 1895. Mr. Budruddin was also, in 1892, created a Justice of the Peace for the town and island of Bombay by Lord Harris’s government when he received several addresses of con- gratulation. Amongst these was one from the members of the Oriental Progress Union, and the following passage from this address will show how Mr. Budruddin is esteemed by the people of Bombay: ‘‘The honor thus conferred upon you simultaneously by the electors of Bombay, and His Excellency the Governor, has been fully deserved by you, and it is a fitting recognition of the public sevices rendered by you, on behalf of the rate-payers of this city on various occasions, and we need hardly assure you on this occasion, that your election has given the highest gratification, not only to the Mohammedan community to which you belong, but also to many other communities who entertain a very high regard for you, and look upon you as one in whose hands they can put their interest with safety.’’ This address is signed by Mr. D. R. Tata and Mr. Manmohandas Dayaldas—a Parsee and Hindu respec- tively. Mr. Budruddin is a very active corporator and takes great interest in all questions relating to the sanitation of Bombay. He is a member and auditor of the Anjuman-i-Islam Society, which is the leading Mohammedan body of Bombay; a director of several provident funds; a life-member of the Sayan Prasarak Mandila Society; a member of Council of the Presidency Association and honorary secretary to several Mohammedan schools. He has taken special interest in the annual conference of Moulvies, of India, which movement has for its object the social, religious and educational regeneration of India. Mr. Budruddin takes a deep interest in the cause of the propagation of Islamism, and when Alexander Russell Webb, late American Consul at Manilla, Phillipine Islands, having embraced the faith of the Prophet, visited India with a view to securing aid for the work he proposed carrying on in the United States of America, having for its end the propagation of Mohammedan doctrines; Mr. Budruddin took the matter in hand and, with the aid of friends, remitted about 40,000 rupees to Mr. Webb. A journal issued by the American Society, known as the Moslem World, appears to be a very well edited paper. Mr. Webb is carrying on the work in the United States, as Mr. Quilliam, an English convert, carries it on England. Mr. Budruddin has delivered many lectures on religious, social, educational and literary subjects to various bodies in Bombay. During the Hindu and Mohammedan riots of 1893, Mr. Bud- ruddin did much to quiet the mob and bring about a better understanding between the two great sections of the people of Bombay, and on the conclusion of the riots, he received addresses of thanks from the leaders of the various communities and also from the Kazi or leading Mohammedan Priest of Bombay, for his services in this connection. In one of these addresses the quotation from the Persian poet, Sadi, ‘‘reverence is commanded by wisdom When His Highness the Shah Zada Nasrullah Khan, son of the Amir of Afghanistan, visited Bombay, en route to not by years,”’ was used, referring to Mr. Budruddin’s adolescence. England, Mr. Budruddin was deputeed by many leading Mohammedans of Bombay to present an address of welcome to the prince, and ie was honored by the present of a valuable Cashmere shawl from the Shah Zada. Mr. Budruddin takes a lively interest in the subject of primary education and he has done much to assist the cause. He has traveled extensively in India having visited most of the historic places, both Mohammedan and Hindu. Mr. Budruddin takes a keen interest in the Mecca Pilgrimage question and, after the convention of the interested powers which met int*Paris had drawn up regulations for the control of pilgrims, Mr. Budruddin was entrusted by several of the leading Mohammedan societies of Bombay with the task of preparing memorials for presentation to His Excellency the Viceroy praying that the Government of India should not adopt the regulations in the form suggested by the con- vention. The memorials were duly prepared and presented, with the result that many of the obnoxious regulations were withdrawn. One of the regulations, however, passed by the Government of India relating to quarantine of pilgrims at Kamaran, appear to be radically bad from the reports of Surgeon Lieutenant-Colonel Weir, health officer of the port of Bombay, and Captains Hughes and Hardcastle, both commanders of pilgrim ships. Instead of mini- mizing the risk of disease when the pilgrims reach Jedda, there can be no doubt that the enforced delay of ten days at an unhealthy station like Kamaran, where the drinking water is bad, has an injurious effect on the general health of a shipload of people. Mr. Budruddin was called by Lord Brassey, the president of the Opium Commissioners, to give evidence before that body and, in answer to a question of the president, he expressed the opinion, that ‘‘the abuse of alcohol was a thousand times more harmful than the abuse of opium.’’ The Commissioners’ report on the whole opium question is well known, and was a great blow to the English fanatics who are always seeking to interfere in Indian matters which they do not and cannot possibly understand. The position taken up by the Earl of Roseberry, when Prime Minister of England, on the Armenian question, caused great anxiety to Mohammedan population of India, for, the Sultan of Turkey, being Khalif, or head of the Islamites, any action of England against Turkey would have been regarded, by Mohammedans, as a serious blow to their faith. Mr. Budruddin, by virtue of his commanding position in Bombay, was called upon by his co-religionists to express their views on the question and he attended many meetings, not only in Bombay, but also in many of the leading Mohammedan centres of India, and, by his calmness and moderation, he did much to lull the storm and strife in Mohammedan minds. Mr. Budruddin, in a letter to the ‘‘Times of India’’ of April 17, 1893, expressed his views on the whole question, and the predictions then made by him have been verified by subsequent events. The following passage which we quote from this letter, appears to us to put a very different aspect on the Armenian question to that held by the people in England, who are too often content to take the rabid statements made at Exeter Hall meetings as gospel : ‘‘Sir:—It has been destined by Providence that for the last thirteen centuries Moham- medans have been the guardians of the holy places both of Christendom and Islam. The present Sultan is simply a successor to this continuous guardianship, and, apart from his civil and secular authority over the Ottoman Empire, he is also the Khalif or the head of the Mohammedan Church of the whole world. From millions of mosques throughout the world prayers are offered on Fridays and other national holidays by Mohammedan congrega- tions for him and him alone. His position, therefore, as the head of the whole Islamic brotherhood in the four corners of the globe is simply unique, and it is therefore natural that any attack on his personal dignity is most keenly felt by the Mohammedan nations. ‘For the past five centuries England has always been in harmony and alliance with Turkey, and the sudden departure from that policy by the present ministry naturally caused surprise and disappointment among the Indian Mohammedans. During the last two months public meetings of Mohammedans have been held at Calcutta, Delhi, Lahore, and other centres of Mohammedan populations, where some of the views put forth by me in this letter were expressed with great force, and all these meetings ended by recording their unreserved confidence in the impartial and tolerant administration of the present Sultan The general enthusiasm disclosed at these meetings and the strong opinions held by the masses have convinced me that the present ministry, in giving a death-blow to the wise policy of Lord Beaconsfield, has committed an egregious blunder, for there can be little doubt that, by cutting asunder the old bond of friendship and love between England and Turkey the British power is being undermined and England’s prestige is being lowered in / tinuous aggressions in all directions of the Asiatic continent, Indian Mohammedans refuse to believe in the solidarity of the so-called Anglo-Russian alliance, notwithstanding all the demarcations on the Indian borderland. There is only one solution of this intricate problem, and that is an Anglo-Turco-Perso-Afghan alliance. To such an alliance will be naturally drawn the powers who have commenced to feel the colossal strength of Russia. It is indeed a pitiable sight that English statesmen are being so easily checkmated by those of Russia. Is it not clear, that, by the conquest of Armenia, Russia can easily take hold of the Euphrates delta and be able to maintain a fleet in the Arabian Sea? But why, the Russian Bear can afford to wait till the Trans-Siberian Railway is completed, and English statesmen are lulled into chimerical security for the safety of the Indian Empire by sweet words and perhaps sweeter promises. Turkey, Persia and Afghanistan, forced into a state of neutrality, will serve as a defensive wall rather for Russia, which can absorb them at leisure after she has dealt a blow to the British lion. The game is indeed deeply laid, and the Armenian question will never be solved without recourse to a continental war. But unfortunately England is' so confident of her own success in the coming struggle that she cares for no allies, whether old or new, but is satisfied with Russia, whose present attitude has so far fascinated her that she puts implicit and blind confidence in her pledges. ‘ ‘There has been a general revolution in Turkey during the past two decades ever since the present Sultan ascended the throne. In the restoration of financial credit, in the estab- lishment of innumerable educational institutions, in the revival of letters, in opening out arteries of roads and railways throughout his vast empire, and by organizing a strong military force of about fifteen hundred thousand soldiers, Sultan Abdul Hamid Khan may indeed be styled a savior and a regenerator of his country. In fact, as Admiral Wood said the other day, Turkey was never so strong as she is to-day during the last two centuries. From such a sagacious, humane and civilized ruler oppression and cruelty should not even be suspected. I have not the least doubt that the Anglo-Saxon race, with its usual common sense and foresight, will feel the nature of the impending danger and raise its strong voice against the mistaken and the dangerous foreign policy of the present ministry. The Turkish Empire is the only field left open now for the profitable consumption of British goods in large quantities, and apart from political disadvantages, if the Porte shuts its door against the importation of English goods by prohibitive duties, English industry will really feel a strong shock in these days of hard competition. The strong voice of the sixty millions of Indian Mohammedans must certainly have considerable weight against the two millions of Armenians whose connections with England are far fetched and who will never be expected to present their breasts to the bullets of England’s foes in times of danger. The English democracy, sir, is being misled on this point, and I am afraid that, if the question is not represented in its proper light, serious consequences must necessarily follow on account of the wrong impression produced on their minds.’ Mr. Budruddin is one of the directors of the Indian Rhea Fibre Company, Limited, which has been formed with the capital of 60,000,000 rupees to acquire certain patent rights and to manufacture products from rhea fibre. The manufacture into print goods, etc., of this fibre seriously threatens the prosperity of the cotton industry in India. Early in 1892 the Bombay Government decided to throw on the rate-payers of Bombay the whole cost of the maintenance of the city and suburban police force. The sum required in 1892 for this purpose was 416,000 rupees and the rate-payers were naturally very much concerned. A public meeting to protest against the action of Government was held at the Framjee Cowasjee Institute on thirtieth April, 1892, and was attended, amongst others, by Mr. (now the Hon- orable Mr. Justice) Budruddin Tyabjee, who presided; Sir Dinshaw M. Petit, Bart, Messrs. P. M. Mehta, Dinshaw Vacha and the late Sorabjee Sapoorjee Bengalee, C. I. E. The reso- lutions of protest submitted were spoken on by many of the leading citizens of Bombay, and Mr. Budruddin was called upon to support the second and main resolution. which he did in a judicious and vigorous speech. The speech was much appreciated and did much to bring about the compromise subsequently arrived at between the Government and the rate-payers. At a meeting convened by the Hon. Mr. Justice Budruddin Tyabjee, at which the Mahomedans publicly expressed their sympathy with Government at a time when the Poona tragedy was convulsing society, Mr. Koor proposed the following resolutions, which were unanimously adopted : ‘That this meeting deprecates the improper and mischievous writings Asia and Africa. Judging by the aggrandizing policy of Russia in the past and her con- (96) which appear in some of the Urdu and Mussulman newspapers and wishes to place on record % BUDRUDDIN ABDULLA KOOR, ESQUIRE, 1p (97) its sense of displeasure at such writings which are resented by the sensible portion of the com- munity.”” In putting the resolution, Mr. Koor said : ‘‘ The press is a great power in England, where it is regarded as the Fourth Estate. But there this powerful instrument is used to give expression to the nation’s views and to guide the Government through the various pitfalls of foreign and home policies. . Since this country was transferred to the Crown, liberty of press was given to its people. This valuable privilege has been enjoyed by the people up to this day. It is to be regretted, however, that in some cases this privilege has been badly abused. Some of the Urdu papers here, I regret to say, have made it a point to heap abusive language on the leaders of the Mahomedans on the one hand, and write disrespectfully of some of the Government officials. But such papers are few, and Mahomedans as a community should show its hatred towards such mushroom papers. The proprietors and editors of such papers are not aware of the sublime functions of the press. The Urdu Press may be best used in writing articles for the spread of education among Mahomedans. Besides, under critical times, the Urdu papers may become the means of creating harmony between the rulers and the subject races, and also reflect the true wants and views of the Mahomedan community. Instead of doing a practical service to the Mahomedan community, some of these papers have become a curse to the community. The proposal laid by me before the meeting is not intended to bring about fresh legislation for the suppression of such nasty rags. The object of this Anjuman in calling this meeting is to give a warning to such papers that unless they make improvement in the contents of their editorial columuns, the time is not far away when strict rules may be framed by the Government for finally putting a stop to their abusive as well as exciting writ- ings. Islamic religion does not sanction abusive or seditious writings against any settled gov- ernment, and it is a great surprise that on the slightest pretext some of the papers rush to write inflammatory writings. A few days ago the present Secretary of State for India, Lord George Hamilton, declared in the House of Commons that it was intended to legislate for the native press of India, and it was high time, therefore, for such papers not to transgress the bounds of true journalistic etiquette and adhere to the true functions of journalism. I appeal to the editors of the Urdu papers to be the guides of the Mahomedan nation, and wield it in such a way as would bring about the educational, political and commercial progress of the Mahomedan community. The liberty of press now enjoyed by the people in India is not to be found in any foreign country in the world. It is not found in Russia or Turkey nor even in Germany or France. Are we to sacrifice such a priceless privilege for the sake of a few criminal papers. I believe the best punishment to these papers is the angry voice of the people, and while wel- coming the healthy and legitimate criticism of the Government measures and the conduct of the public men the independent and fearless voice of the Mahomedan public should be used for the suppression of such unwholesome writings. I hope my proposal will be unani- mously adopted.” In an impressive speech, delivered at a meeting of all classes at Rutnagir, Mr. Koor appealed to Mahomedans and Hindus to help the people when pestilence and famine were hovering over the land. He compared the two communities to twin sisters, and urged them to work for the common welfare of the country, instead of depending on Government alone. Mr. Khareghat, the Chairman, thanked Mr. Koor for giving pecuniary assistance to the Rut- nagiri Mahomedans and to the Rajeoda School, and hoped that he would continue to interest himself in these directions. Mr. Koor delivered a speech at the opening of the Exhibition at Hyderabad (Deccan) in the presence of the Prime Minister and a distinguished gathering of nobles and civil ser- vants. He attempted to show that articles in daily use could, if manufactured in India, be supplied cheaper than they are now, and he pointed out that new workshops, giving employ- ment to thousands of idle hands, would be a great blessing to the country. Scores of Mr. Koor’s speeches and letters have appeared in the daily press, and he is always found on the side of law and order, toleration, enlightenment and progress. The Honorable Mr. Justice Budruddin Tyabiji. Mr. Justice Budruddin Tyabjee comes from a highly respectable Arab family, which settled in Cambay, and subsequently in Bombay. His father, Tyabjee Bhai Mayan Saheb, was a merchant, who traded largely with England and France, and amassed a fortune, which he put to good use by sending his sons to England for the purpose of giving them a liberal education. Mr. Sujaudin, the eldest son, came out and joined his father’s firm; Mr. Cum- rudin qualified himself as a solicitor and enjoyed a large practice in Bombay, and Mr. Bud- ruddin, the fifth son, came out as a barrister-at-law. The mercantile firm is still in existence, and is managed by the surviving members. Mr. Budruddin was born in October, 1844, and received his early education in the Elphinstone Institution, and when only sixteen years old, was sent to England by his enlightened father. Owing, however, to indifferent health, he was advised to return to Bombay, where, after recruiting himself, he again proceeded to England to complete his studies. He joined the Middle Temple, and was called to the Bar, in April, 1867, in his twenty-third year. On his return, he was admitted as a member of the Bombay Bar in December, 1867. He was the first native barrister in Bombay, and his example was subsequently followed by a host of others. By devoting himself, heart and soul, to his profession, and by dint of unceasing industry, and his acute talents and clear-headed- ness, he established his reputation as a sound and able lawyer, and thus secured a large share of legal business. His fluency of speech and able advocacy of cases secured for him a promi- nent position at the Bar. In reference to a criminal case in which he defended the prisoner, who was tried before Sir Michael Westropp and a jury, some uncomplimentary remarks were made in a newspaper, and the Chief Justice, considering them unfair to a young and rising barrister, on taking his seat on the Bench the following morning, addressed Mr. Budruddin in reference to those remarks, observing that he (the Chief Justice) deemed it his duty to state that, in his opinion, there was not the slightest foundation for such comments to ‘rest on. He thought ‘‘the case was most ably conducted by Mr. Budruddin, and that the acquittal of the prisoner was mainly due to the ability and skill with which he addressed the jury.”’ Mr. Budruddin subsequently began to take part in public affairs. His maiden speech was delivered in May, 1879, in the hall of the Framjee Cowasjee Institute, at a meeting held to memorialize Parliament against the abolition of the import duties on Manchester goods. In 1882, he was nominated by Sir James Fergusson, Governor of Bombay, an Additional Member of the Legislative Council. The then Viceroy and Governor-General of India was Lord Ripon, who made his name famous by issuing the well-known resolution on local self- government. In the Bombay Legislative Council, Mr. Budruddin took a prominent part in all discussions relating to local municipal matters; and his speeches elicited great admiration at the time for his sound reasoning, sober judgment and fluent oratory. Sir James Fergusson paid a high compliment to him for his admirable speeches, which the Governor said would have been listened to with great attention even in the British Parliament. In almost all public meetings held in Bombay since 1882, Mr. Budruddin was a prominent speaker, and his addresses invariably drew forth high eulogium from the press and the public. As president of the Third National Indian Congress, in December, 1887, his address was considered a masterpiece of oratory. The speech displayed great skill in marshalling facts in a lucid and convincing manner. It was copied in almost all the Indian newspapers, and called forth many laudatory remarks from all sides. - But Mr. Budruddin’s reputation does not solely rest on his oratorical efforts, as he has done more solid work for his country than most of his brother patriots. He has worked with zeal and earnestness to diffuse knowledge and enlight- enment among all classes. Mr. Budruddin was sworn in as a Judge of the High Court on June 28, 1895, and took his seat on the Bench the next day. He was fifty-one years of age at the time, and his appointment was hailed with satisfaction by all classes of society in Western India. THE HONORABLE MR. JusTiICE BUDRUDDIN TYABJI. . Dustoor Bymunjee Jamaspjee, C. I. E. The subject of these memoirs comes from a noble family who settled in Western India. The founder was Dustoor Jamasp Asa, of Naosari, a thriving town of Guzerat. His ancestors were known for their proficiency in religious lore, one distinguished member being specially recognized by the Emperor of Delhi. Mr. Bymunjee was born in Naosari on the eighth of February, 1825. He was the third son of Dustoor Jamasp, High Priest of the Parsees in the Deccan, under whose tuition Mr. Bymunjee qualified himself for the same profession, and as officiating High Priest, won the esteem of all. But nature had meant him for other duties, and he joined the British service. The administration of Berar had just been taken over by the British from the Nizam, and Mr. Bymunjee was appointed a Teshildar in 1853. Before long, by his sterling worth and intelligence he rose to successive responsible appoint- ments and finally officiated as Deputy Commissioner, an honor then for the first time con- ferred on a native. The changes effected under British rule in misgoverned Berar were largely due to the example of Mr. Bymunjee, who commanded the sympathy of the native population so thoroughly that he was instrumental in carrying out the policy of the newly- established rule. Riots between Hindus and Mohamedans are a source of anxiety to Govern- ment, and Mr. Bymunjee often distinguished himself by quelling feuds between these communities by his wonderful command over the affections of the rioters, who had implicit faith in him. He also won laurels in 1857 during the mutiny. When grave apprehensions were entertained in Berar, and many were suspected of treachery, Mr. Bymunjee, then in charge of Elichpur, worked heart and soul for his masters, and, at the risk of his life, procured intelligence of the movements of the insurgents. When Tantia Topee threatened an attack, 1858, Mr. Bymunjee gave the alarm and assisted Major. Hare and Captain Davies by dissuading the people from joining the rebels. When the British struggled desperately with the Rohillas, at Chichamha, in 1859, it was Mr. Bymunjee’s presence of mind and fertility of resources that turned the tide. The men were exhausted and the issue depended on an adequate supply of provisions. Mr. Bymunjee, with remarkable coolness, heeded not the enemy’s fire, but procured abundant supplies. When Col. Hoseason’s horse was shot under him, Mr. Bymunjee showed great self-possession in promptly carrying him to a place of safety. He also assisted in removing Captain McKinon, who had been mortally wounded, from the field. The same intrepidity was displayed in the capture of the rebels, in recog- nition of which exceptional services Mr. Bymurnjee was decorated with a C. I. E. His quasi military duties did not prevent Mr. Bymunjee from attending to his civic duties. He established marfs, constructed roads, erected rest-houses, improved old methods of culti- vation, and thus materially contributed to the agricultural and commercial prosperity of Berar. To him is due the advancement of the cotton trade, as shown by the testimony of the Cotton Commissioner. In the great famine in 1877, he adopted such energetic measures that his aid was highly spoken of by Government. He retired in 1882, and, in consequence of the proofs of his loyal attachment to British interests, Government increased his pension by 1000 rupees yearly. He was also appreciated by the public, as is shown by the spontaneous demonstrations held in his honor. Not only the commissioned officers, but the commissioner himself, joined in a demonstration, and presented Mr. Bymunjee with a valuable casket. The people remember to this day their benefactor ‘‘Bhaisahab,’’ the affectionate name by which Mr. Bymunjee is known. (99) DusTOoOR BYMUNJEE Jamaspjeg, C. I. The Late Hon. Byramjee Jeejeebhoy, C. S. 1 Mr. Byramjee Jeejeebhoy was the youngest and only surviving son of the late Mr. Jeejeebhoy Dadabhoy, and was born at Bombay on the sixteenth of June, 1822, and was educated in a private school kept by Mr. W. B. Mainwaring. After completing his studies Mr. Byramjee entered the office of his father’s firm, Messrs. Jeejeebhoy Dadabhoy Sons & Co. In 1854 this firm discontinued business, and Mr. Byramjee commenced business on his own account, at the same time acting as broker to the firms of Messrs. G. C. King & Co. ; Killick, Nixon & Co., and Robinson & Co. Mr. Byramjee was one of the directors of the Oriental Spinning and Weaving Company; he subsequently took the initiative in starting the Royal Spinning and Weaving Mill. He was a director on the boards of several of the leading joint stock companies. Mr. Byramjee was one of the first Fellows of the Bombay University; a member of the Municipal Corporation, and a life member of the Sassoon Mechanics’ Insti- tute. In August, 1868, he was appointed to a seat on the Bombay Legislative Council, and during the two years (the usual term of office) he showed such tact, judgment and common sense that on the completion of this term he was reappointed for a further period of two years. Amongst the legislative measures, in the discussion of which Mr. Byramjee took an active part, were the ‘‘Cotton Frauds Act,’’ an ‘‘Act for Levying Town Duty on Grain,’’ the ‘‘City Survey Act’’ and the ‘‘Toll Fees Act.’ In 1872 Mr. Byramjee made a trust settlement of landed property, government paper and railway stock for the benefit of his family. The value of the trust now is 30,00,000 rupees. The most noteworthy institution founded by Mr. Byramjee is the ‘‘Byramjee Jeejeebhoy Parsee Charitable Institution.’® Mr. Byramjee vested in trustees the sum of 3,68,000 rupees represented by four per cent govern- ment value of the nominal value of 3,50,000 rupees by a trust deed. Subsequently dona- tions were received, principally one of 26,000 rupees, from the trustees of the Hon. Mr. Byramjee Jeejeebhoy Trust Settlement. By a conversion of two lacs of the four per cent government paper into five per cent municipal bonds the income of the funds has been increased to 4,00,000 rupees. The institution has thirteen classes, divided into three divisions, viz., the Vernacular, the Anglo-Vernacular and the High School. The school is free to poor children of the Parsee community. The education imparted in this school is the same as that prescribed by Government, with the addition of several subjects, such as Drawing, Bookkeeping, Commercial Correspondence, Phonography, French, etc. The school is at present temporarily located in a fine building opposite the Marine Line Station, and is furnished and fitted up with every regard to the comfort and health of the teachers and scholars. It is the intention of the trustees to shortly proceed with the erection of a new school building. The trustees of the school are Messrs. Rustonjee N. Byramjee Jeejee- bhoy, chairman; Sir Jamsetjee Jeejeebhoy, Bart., C. S. I.; Khan Bahadoo M. C. Merzban, C. I. E.; Khan Bahadoor Rustomjee Jamsetjee, Merwanjee Nusserwanjee Wadia, B. A., and Pestonjee Nusserwanjee Wadia, managing trustee. The Byramjee Jeejeebhoy Tanna High School also owes its origin to the subject of our sketch. The Byramjee Jeejeebhoy Poona Medical School is another evidence of the wisdom and far-reaching charity of the deceased gentleman, for, seeing the great want of qualified native medical practitioners in India, he donated a bungalow worth 30,000 rupees as a residence for pupils, and a further sum of 10,000 rupees as an endowment for the school, which is located in the grounds of the Sassoon Hospital, at Poona. The Right Hon. Sir Richard Temple opened the school, and in his speech on the occasion warmly eulogized the munificence of Mr. Byramjee. The Byramjee Jeejeebhoy Ahmedabad Medical School was endowed by Mr. Byramjee with a sum of 20,000 rupees, and is conducted on very similar lines to the Poona School. Mr. Byramjee was created a C. S. I. in 1875, and was one of the leading Bombay representatives invited by the Government of India to attend the Imperial Assemblage at Delhi when the assumption by the Queen of the title Empress of India was proclaimed. Lord Lytton, the then Viceroy, presented to Mr. Byramjee the Imperial Assemblage Commemoration Medal. Mr. Byramjee died on September 12, 1890, leaving one son, one grandson, three daughters and twelve great-grandchildren. The funeral was attended by many hundreds of persons, representative of every class and creed in India. At the Oothumna, or third day ceremonies, the family of the deceased gentleman made large donations to various charities. It is to men of the class of the late Mr. Byramjee Jeejeebhoy that the Parsees of India owe their present distinguished position. (100) Tue Late HoN. BYRAMJEE JEEJEEBHOY, C. S. IL. ByramjEre H. Namavarry, F. R. C. S,, M. 1 Byramjee H. Namavatty, F. R, C.'S,, M. D, The subject of this brief memoir belongs to an ancient and much respected family of Gujarat, many members of which have within the past fifty years held offices of trust and importance under the British Government. Dr. Nanavatty, who was born in Surat, in December, 1838, is the youngest son of Mr. Hormusji Framji, who served Government in various important capacities for over twenty-five years, and who is now the trusted adviser of His Highness the Nawab Saheb of Palanpur. After graduating, with honors, in the University of Bombay, and winning an important prize in connection therewith, Dr. Nanavatty joined the Bombay Medical Department, where his abilities and high scholarship so impressed the late Sir W. Moore, K. C. I. F. (then Surgeon- General in Bombay), that he offered him—after he had been hardly four years in service—the important post of Lecturer on Surgery, Clinical Surgery and Midwifery in the provincial Medical School of Ahmedabad, which position he continues to fill with marked ability and zeal. In 1897 Dr. Nanavatty proceeded to England and the Continent, in order to qualify him- self in the ophthalmic art, which he studied at the Royal Ophthalmic Hospital, London, and also in Paris and Edinburgh, obtaining the necessary qualifications as a specialist in that branch. He further distinguished himself by passing, amongst other medical examinations, that of the F. R. C. S.—a distinction which, it must be remembered, no Native of Western India had ever obtained before. Shortly after this he was elected a Fellow of the Royal Obstetrical Society of London. He received the degree of M. D. from the United States of America. He has contributed important original articles on various subjects, the chief of which, on leprosy, cataract, etc., were much appreciated. The distinction of the Fellowship of the Bombay Uni- versity was conferred upon Dr. Nanavatty by His Excellency Lord Sandhurst, the Governor of Bombay, in 1897. Dr. Nanavatty deservedly occupies a very high place in the estimation of the public of Ahmedabad, both as a skillful surgeon and physician, and as a useful: citizen, albeit he is of a somewhat shy and retiring disposition. Dr. Nanavatty’s eldest brother, Mr. Dadabhoy, has also earned an enviable reputation in the British service, having for the last two years filled the post of Administratcr of the Native State of Chhota Udeypur, during the minority of the ruler of that State. (101) The Hon Mr. Justice ’E, T. Candy, 1. C. S., Etc. 'R. JUSTICE CANDY is the second son of Major Thomas Candy, C. S. I., late of the Bombay army, and was born on the fifteenth April, 1845. He was educated at Cheltenham College. After having successfully passed the competitive Indian Civil Service examination he joined the service on the ninth November, 1865, and was posted to the Bombay Presidency. His official life in India has been spent in different service capacities in nearly every district of the Bombay Presidency. Mr. Candy was called to the Bar at the Inner Temple in January, 1880, and acted as Judicial Commissioner in the Province of Sindh during 1883 to 1886. He was appointed a judge of the Bombay High Court in January, 1889, and still fills the position with satisfaction alike to the public and the legal profession. THE HONORABLE Mr. JusticE E. T. Canby, I. C. S., Etc. (102) The Hon. Mr. Chimanlal H. Setalvad, B. A., LL.B., J. P., Bar-at-Law, Mr. Chimanlal, who is a Brahma Kshatriya by caste, comes of an ancient and highly respected family of Gujrat. His grandfather, Ambashanker Brijray, joined Government service as Sheristdar of the Sadar Adalat, but owing, in the words of James Sutherland, Chief Judge of the Sadar Adalat, to ‘‘ his acquirements, talents, great zeal and trustworthiness,’’ he soon rose to the highest post which a Native could then attain, being, at the time of his death, in 1853, Principal Sadar Anun of Ahmedabad. Mr. Sutherland, writing about him in one of his official reports, said : ‘‘ For integrity and single-heartedness of conduct he was surpassed by no Native I ever knew in a long course of service.”” His son, Harilal, who was at the early age of nineteen years appointed a Munsiff, maintained the reputation of the family, and the late Mr. Arthur Kinlock Forbes, a Judge of the Bombay High Court, said about him, in one of his reports: ‘‘ He is a worthy successor to his father, who was the most able and upright native judge I have ever been acquainted with.”” He soon rose in the Judicial Service, and was acting First Class Subordinate Judge when he retired in 1877. On his retirement Govern- ment conferred upon him the title of Rao Saheb, and he was soon afterward appointed Dewan of the Limbdi State in Kathiawar, in which post he proved a very capable and popular admin- istrator. He retired from the Dewanship in 1887, and enjoyed his well-earned rest at Ahme- dabad until February, 1899, when he died in his seventy-seventh year. Mr. Chimanlal is the third son of Mr. Harilal, and was born at Broach, in July, 1864. He received his early education at Ahmedabad, after which (in 1880) he joined the Elphinstone College at Bombay. He was marked out at school as a very intelligent boy, and at the Elphin- stone College he soon attracted the attention of the Principal, Dr. Wordsworth. The relations between the Professor and his pupil became more intimate as time went on, and when Dr. Wordsworth retired in 1890 he wrote to Mr. Setalvad that in parting from him he was parting from ‘one of his most esteemed pupils and a valued friend.” In 1884 Mr. Setalvad took the B. A. degree, and then studied for his M. A., but owing to ill-health he did not appear for the examination. This was a turning point in Mr. Setalvad’s career. He was strongly recom- mended by Dr. Wordsworth for appointment to the Statutory Civil Service. Mr. Setalvad’s candidature was also warmly supported by the district officer, Mr. J.W. Walker, the District Judge of Ahmedabad, but the Government of India decided to select persons already in the Subordi- nate Revenue and Judicial Service, and, as it turned out, it was fortunate that Mr. Setalvad was not appointed to the Statutory Civil Service. He turned his attention to the law, and having taken the LL.B. degree in 1887, was enrolled as a Pleader of the High Court. By his industry and ability he soon built up a lucrative practice. In October, 1898, he was admitted as an advocate of the High Court, and since then he has practiced on both the Original and the Appellate sides. Ever since he became a High Court Vakil, Mr. Setalvad has been conspicuous in all public movements in the city of Bombay. In 1893, when the new election rules for the Legis- tive Councils came into operation, he stood as a candidate for the Northern Division of the Bombay Presidency and won the seat against seven other contestants. Curiously enough, all the four important districts of Gujrat claimed Mr. Setalvad, Surat as the original seat of the family, Ahmedabad as the present abode of the Setalvads, Broach as the Honorable mem- ber's birthplace and Haira as the district from which the mother of Mr. Setalvad comes. Mr. Setalvad, then only twenty-eight years of age, was the youngest Member that had ever sat on the Legislative Councils in India, but the energy, the intelligence, the industry and the tact dis- played by him soon dispelled any misgiving on the score of his youth and comparative inexpe- rience, and the electors had the satisfaction of knowing that their choice had not been an unworthy one. In 1895 Mr. Setalvad, after a severe contest with Mr. Gokaldas K. Parekh, was re-elected to the Council and held his seat until 1897. He not only won popular esteem, but by his straightforwardness and ability earned the respect and admiration of his official colleagues on the Council, although on many occasions they strongly differed from his views. One of the members of the Executive Council (now retired) writing to Mr. Setalvad, said : ‘I always had a high opinion of your manliness and straightforwardness of character, and I always recognized in you a colleague whose principal object was the public good.” H. E. Lord Sand- hurst, at the Budget meeting, in 1897, while regretting Mr. Setalvad's absence from the Council, bore eloquent testimony to his ‘‘ talents and energy.” Besides politics, Mr. Setalvad has taken considerable interest in educational matters aa He was elected a Fellow of the Bombay University by the graduates in 1895, and has ever since taken an active part in the deliberations of the University. In March, 1899, he was elected by Ture HoN. Mr. CHIMANLAL H. SETALVAD, B. A,,LL.B.,]. P the Faculty of Law a Member of the University Syndicate. In 1897 he was nominated by Government as one of their representatives on the Joint School Committee. Mr. Setalvad was first elected a member of the Bombay Municipal Corporation in 1892, but went out after the general election in 1895. He was, however again returned to the Corporation by the Justices of the Peace in February, 1899, and is at present an active figure on that body. (103) Chubildas Lalloobhai, Esq. Mr. Chubildas I.alloobhai, a leading member of the Chevli Bhansali caste, was born in Bombay in the year 1839. His father, Lalloobhai Jairamdas, was the son of Jairamdas Raghu- nathdas, who served in the British Army against Tippu Sultan. At the age of thirteen, Mr. Chubildas was appointed a clerk in the office of Messrs. Cutler, Palmer & Co., Bombay, on a salary of fifteen rupees a month. After serving this firm for a few years his commercial pro- pensities induced him to forego service and embark in business on his own account. He pur- chased a few native craft, called pudans, and took contracts for loading and unloading vessels. This business prospered, and after a few years he entered into partnership with Mr. Ghella- bhai, who was carrying on business as a freight broker for Calcutta and China.. In August, 1864, Mr. Chubildas joined Messrs. Blay & Mackintosh, the well-known firm of freight brokers of Elphinstone Circle, Bombay. He became the head of that firm, which now do business under the name of James Mackintosh & Co. Mr. Chubildas owns a large amount of property in Bombay and in Salsette zilla. The villages of Magutone, Pahady and Excar all belong to him, this possession including the well known and historic Kanhari Caves, which form part of that property. He is also the owner of the villages of Bhayander, Mira and Godbunder. Alto- gether he bas 16,000 acres of land in the Thana zilla, and is the Khote of many villages there. Mr. Chubildas Lalloobhai is known in Bombay as ‘‘ The man who built a chawl in one night,” the history of which is as follows: A chawl, near Null Bazaar, owned by him, was destroyed by fire on the twenty-fourth of November, 1870, the loss being 52,000 rupees. He asked per- mission to rebuild it, but the Municipal Commissioner, Mr. Arthur Crawford, not only refused permission but the land was claimed as Government property. Mr. Chubildas secretly got the materials ready for rebuilding the chawl, and one evening, having previously engaged a large number of masons, carpenters and other workmen, he began the work, and actually finished the house in one night ! During the plague epidemic in Bombay Mr. Chubildas magnanimously allotted several large plots of land in Goregaum for isolation purposes, and on these plots sheds were erected for the use of clerks employed in various offices in Bombay, Chatias and members of other communi- ties. He also invited offers for the utilization of other portions of his land for a similar purpose from people who did not care to live in plague-stricken localities, and who wished to obtain a convenient site in a healthy district. He made an offer to the Government official, in charge of the Famine Relief Works in Bombay Presidency, to provide for a hundred destitute orphans who were suffering from famine, and he undertook to feed, clothe and house them at his own expense for a year. Mr. Chubildas has two sons and one daughter. The eldest son, Mr. Ramdas Chubildas, is an M. A. and an LL. M. of the University of Cambridge, and a B. C. I. He was Foundation Scholar and senior Sanskrit Prizeman at Cambridge. He is a Barrister-at-Law of the Inner Temple, having been called to the Bar in 1886, and is at present practicing at Nagpur. The second son, Mr. Kursandas Chubildas, matriculated at the University of Bombay in 1884, at the age of seventeen, after which he proceeded to England to study for the Indian Civil Ser- vice. He was prevented by illness from going up for the Indian Service examination. Mr. Kursandas went to England in 1887, at the time of Her Majesty’s Golden Jubilee, and recom- menced keeping his terms at the Inner Temple. In November, 1888, he was called to the Bar and returned to Bombay in the following month. Thus two of Mr. Chubildas’ sons are bar- risters-at-law. After being duly enrolled as an advocate of the High Court, Mr. Kursandas commenced practicing in the local courts. In 1892 he was elected by the rate-payers of Bhule- shwar Ward to a seat in the Bombay Municipal Corporation. He was appointed Sessions Judge of Junagad, and after serving for four months he was promoted to the post of Judge of the High Court at Junagad, which post he held till August, 1896, when he resigned and returne to Bombay. : Mr. Chubildas’ only daughter, Bai Bhanumati, married Pandit Shyamji Krishnavaram, who is an M. A. of Oxford, and also a Barrister-at-Law. (104) CuuBiLpas LaLrroosHAl, EsQ. Chunilal Sarabhai, Esq. Mr. Chunilal Sarabhai, who was born at Ahmedabad in the year 1844, belongs to an eminent, branch of the ‘‘Hazarat’’ family of the Wadnagara Nagar Caste. Mr. Sarabhai’s ancestors were employed in Gujarat by the Emperor of Delhi, and became so noted for their high sense of duty and the impartiality and fearlessness of their administration, that the illustrious name of ‘‘Hazarat’’ was conferred on the family, and one member attained the high and honorable position of Dewan of Gujarat. Mr. Chunilal, after completing his Gujarati education, commenced his English studies in the English school at Ahmedabad, and on leaving school joined Government service, where his first employment was in the Kathi- awar Political Agent’s office. Subsequently he was made the Shirasatdar of the Political Agent at Kathiawar, and as such had the inestimable advantage of serving under such able men as Sir J. B. Peile, General Keating, V. C., and J. W. Wily, Esq. By virtue of his position as Shraistadra, Mr. Chunilal acted as public prosecutor of the Sessions Court in the Kathiawar Agency. Dewan Bahadoor Manibhai Jashbhai, then Dewan of Cutch, recognized the ability displayed by Mr. Chunilal, and appointed him his personal assistant. During Mr. Chunilal’s Cutch appointment two commissions were appointed to settle the Cutch-Morvi dispute, and he acted as agent and law adviser for Cutch, and though the Morvi State was represented by barristers-at-law Mr. Chunilal conducted his case so ably that the Commis- sioners decided in his favor and His Highness the Maharaja of Cutch heartily congratulated him on his success. Owing to a change in the system of Government of Cutch Mr. Chunilal reverted to his old appointment in the Kathiawar Agency, and the then Political Agent for Kathiawar, Colonel Barton, formed a very high opinion of Mr. Chunilal’s powers and appointed him manager of the Chuda State. By careful management, and a wise and liberal policy, he soon released the State from debt, and he was thus the means of its being handed over again to the Thakore Saheb. His next appointment was as Deputy Assistant at Sorath, and he did such good work in this capacity that it was proposed to make him Khar- bari, but on the post of Administrator of the State of Vankaner becoming vacant, through the acceptance of the Dewanship of Idar, by Mr. Haridas Veharidas, Government appointed Mr. Chunilal to the vacant position. He introduced a system of irrigation by damming streams and causing them to overflow their banks. This scheme met with some opposition at first, but the agriculturists soon learned to appreciate its advantages. New villages were settled, new wells excavated, public roads improved and the income of the State rose from one and a half lacs to two and a half lacs of rupees during Mr. Chunilal’s rule at Venkanar. He next accepted a valuable appointment in Junagadh, the premier State of Kathiawar. After two years spent in Junagadh he accepted the Dewanship of Idar, having been recom- mended for the position by Mr. Haridas, Dewan of Junagadh. After serving faithfully in his new position for some time, Mr. Chunilal, in compliance with a promise made to His Highness the Thakore Saheb of Palitana, left Idar to accept the Dewanship of Palitana and there fulfilled the duties of a difficult position with admirable tact, wisdom and judgment, and greatly assisted the Thakore Saheb in many disputes with the Bhayats of the State. On the retirement, in 1894, of Mr. Haridas Veharidas from the Dewanship of Junagadh, Mr. Chunilal accepted the post and held it for some time, subsequently retiring to enjoy a well deserved pension. Mr. Chunilal possesses the highest qualities which go to make statesmen and successful administrators of native States, for, whilst ever mindful of the privileges and duties of the rulers, he is careful of the interests of the subjects, and by his liberal and advanced policy of administration has done much to improve the material position and comfort of the people, and it is thus unnecessary to add that in all the States where he has served he has endeared himself to all classes of the community. (105) CHUNILAL SARABHAI, ESQ. Cowasjee Dinshaw, Esq., C. I. E. Mr. Cowasjee Dinshaw belongs to that race of people who were driven, by oppression and tyranny, from their native land, Persia, and found an asylum in India, and whose descendants to-day occupy a foremost position in every large city of Western India. Mr. Dinshaw was born in Bombay in 1828, and is, consequently, 68 years of age. After completing his education, he, at the age of 18, went to Aden and joined the firm of which he is now the senior partner. Mr. Dinshaw, by hard work combined with indomitable pluck, ability and energy, has succeeded in building up one of the greatest business houses of the East. Mr. Dinshaw, however, despite his active business life, has found time to devote to move- ments having for their object the advancement and welfare of the people of Aden and Bombay, and his name is to be found on the managing bodies of many charitable institutions. When His Royal Highness the Prince of Wales visited Aden in 1875, on his way to India, the Governor of Aden entrusted the whole of the arrangements connected with the reception and entertainment of H. R. H., to Mr. Cowasjee. During a recent visit to England, Mr. Cowasjee was present at a Court function where the Prince of Wales also was, and His Royal Highness at once recognized Mr. Cowasjee, and said he recalled with pleasure the visit of twenty years ago to Aden. In 1894, Mr. Cowasjee had the honor of having a Companionship of the order of the Indian Empire conferred upon him, and the duty of investing him with the insignia of the order was en- trusted to General Jopp, C. B., the Resident at Aden. The ceremony was performed at a Durbar held on the twenty-second of December, 1894, at the Residency. General Jopp in his speech on the occasion said, #zferalia, ‘‘I am sure it must be a matter of great satisfaction and rejoicing to all present that in distributing the Birthday honors this year, Her Most Gracious Majesty has not forgotten her loyal subjects residing in Aden, and I feel certain you will all agree with me that a more worthy and fitting representative of Aden could not have been selected for the honor conferred upon him. ¢“ Mr. Cowasjee Dinshaw has done much for the general benefit of Aden and its com- munity which is so well known to almost all present that it will only be necessary for me to recount a few of his good services and benevolent acts. “Mr. Cowasjee rendered many and most useful services to Government during the Abyssinian campaign, for which he received the thanks of Lord Napier of Magdala, Sir Wil- liam Merewether, the late Admiral Tryon, General Sir Edward Russell and other distinguished officers.” Aden is indebted to Mr. Cowasjee Dinshaw for the first private water condenser and ice machine imported. He also, as one of the firm of Luke Thomas & Co., opened the first private coaling depot at the Hedjuff. Mr. Cowasjee Dinshaw started two small coasting steamers which ply between Aden, Perim and the Somali coast, carrying the Government mails and ensuring a regular supply of live stock for the use of the garrison and other residents of Aden. A few of Mr. Cowasjee’s benevolences have been “he donation of a Fire Temple and a Tower of Silence to the Parsees of Aden. The most noteworthy of all his gifts was the construction of a large tank for the use of indigent persons, and, in a territory where rain falls only at intervals of vears, it will readily be conceived what an inestimable boon to poor persons a tank where water can be obtained free. Want of space precludes our giving a detailed account of all Mr. Cowasjee Dinshaw’s charitable gifts. Sufficient is it to say that they are numerous and varied, and are characterized by the fact that the gifts have been made quite irrespective of race or creed. Mr. Cowasjee is Consular-Representative at Aden for several foreign powers, and it is unnecessary to say that, consistent with his loyalty to the English Government, he duly watches the interests of the Powers he represents. We conclude by expressing the hope that the Parsees of India will continue to produce men of the stamp of Mr. Cowasjee Dinshaw. (106) Cowasjee DinsHAW, Eso., C. I. E. Currimbhoy Ebrahim, Esquire, J. P. Mr. Currimbhoy Ebrahim enjoys a high and responsible position in Khoja Com- munity, the members of which are, principally, engaged in trade with distant parts of the world, such as Burma, China, Japan, Australia, Austria, America, Zanzibar, Persian Gulf and Natal. Mr. Currimbhoy’s forefathers were natives of Bhuj in Cutch, but about fifty years ago they removed to Cutch Mandvie, then an important seat of trade. Mr. Currimbhoy’s father, Mr. Ebrahimbhoy Pabaney, was a leading merchant in Mandvie and carried on an extensive business with Zanzibar and Bombay. He also owned a number of ships and, as Bombay became an important emporium of trade, he established his business there. Mr. Currimbhoy was born at Cutch Mandvie in the year 1840, and came to Bombay with his father, at the age of three years. When his father died, he left three sons, of whom Mr. Currimbhoy, the youngest, was but sixteen years of age. From his infancy he displayed his father’s business talent. He established, apart from his brothers, large firms at Hong Kong and Shanghai, under the name of his late father, Mr. Ebrahimbhoy Pabaney. Fortune smiled upon his efforts, and he decided to open another branch at Calcutta in his own name, and as the sphere of his business widened, he, in 1895, opened a firm in Japan, as well as a number of agencies in different places. He erected a cotton mill in Bombay and, after having realized a handsome profit, he disposed of it, and obtained the agency of the new Prince of Wales Mills Company, Limited, now known as the Hong Kong Mills Company, Iimited. He held this agency for three years. In 1888 he built a new mill which he still carries on in his own name. It has 38,000 spindles, and is one of the best managed mills in Bombay. He has another mill in course of erection, which will be known as the Ebrahim- bhoy Pabaney Mills-Company, Limited. In 1883 he was appointed a Justice of the Peace—an honor he still enjoys. He is a director of the David Mills, the Standard Mills and the South British Fire Insurance Company. He is a member of the Royal Asiatic Society, the Natural History Society, the Social Union and Mulji Jivaraj Library and Vice-President of the Anjuman-i-Islam Society. He joined the Masonic Craft, and was initiated in ‘‘Lodge Islam,’’ and subsequently he joined ‘‘Lodge Rising Star of Western India.’’ In addition to his interest in Free Masonry he takes an energetic part in many public movements and is in close touch with several charitable institutions, such as the Nusserwanjee Manockjee Petit Native Dispensary, the Medical Aid for Women of India Fund, the Khoja Nirashrit, the Jairajbhoy Peerbhoy Benevolent Fund and the Madrasa-Anjuman-i-Islam of Bombay. He has, with his usual benevolence and liberality, given a lac of rupees for founding an orphanage for members of his own community. Mr. Currimbhoy, on this occasion, received congratulatory addresses from public bodies, also from the Khojas of Bombay, Cutch, Karachee, Calcutta, the Anjuman-i-Islam of Bombay, his Masonic lodge and the Social Union, as well as from distant parts of Gujarat and the Bombay Fresidency. These addresses all referred, in the highest terms, to Mr. Currimbhoy’s munificence. He has also established a school for girls known as the Ebrahimbhoy’s Girls’ School at Mandvie, in the name of his father, and the people of Mandvie have been much benefited thereby, as nearly two hundred girls enjoy the advantages this institution offers. There have been few public movements in the’ city with which Mr. Currimbhoy’s name has not been associated, or to which he has not contributed his time or his money. He thoroughly investigates cases of distress brought to his notice, and never ‘‘casts his pearls before swine.”’ He is not given to sounding his own praises, consequently he is not so well known as some men who make more noise in the world, but who are no more deserving of honor than Mr. Currimbhoy Ebrahim, J. P. of Bombay. (107) CurriMBHOY EBrAHIM, Eso., J. P. The Late Mr. Cursetjee Furdoonjee Parakh, J. P. Some men do good and ‘blush to find it fame.’ The subject of this sketch, Mr. Cur- setjee Furdoonjee Parakh, was a man of that class. He was once a merchant prince, and his name was almost proverbial for benevolence and philanthropy. No genuine appeal to relieve distress was ever made to him, from any part of the globe, from any nation, community, family or individual, but it was responded to with an alacrity and handsomeness beyond the expectations of those from whom it proceeded. Mr. Cursetjee was an instance of a mortal who received with equal thanks ¢ Fortune's buffets and rewards.” Of the former, fortunately, he had an abundance, still he invariably met them with resignation and patience quite exemplary. Mr. Cursetjee’s coat of arms, registered at the College of Arms in 1864, bears the legend, “ A good conscience is a sure defence ’’—a motto he endeavored to adhere to through weal and woe. He was a typical Zoroastrian of the old school, not a mere lukewarm follower of his ancestral faith. He had an amiable disposition and a sympathetic heart, and was consequently often applied to by friends and townsmen for arbitration in their differences, the satisfactory and amicable settlement of which spoke volumes for his quality of head and heart. Mr. Cursetjee was born in Bombay on the eleventh of March, 1812. He was the son of a wealthy merchant, the late Mr. Furdoonjee Sorabjee. He first of all joined the only private school then existing in Bombay, known as Surgeon Size’s School, and later on that of Mr. Boswell, where the sons of wealthy and respectable families were taught. About the beginning of 1835 he went to China to look into, and, if possible, extend, the business that his father was engaged in, but after a couple of years he had to return to Bombay on account of serious illness. In 1841, on the death of his father, he became a partner in the firm of Sir Jamsetjee Jeejeebhoy Sons & Co., in which he continued until 18350, when the firm was dissolved by mutual consent. Afterwards he carried on trade with Europe and China on his own account— a trade which during the American war assumed large proportions, its sphere of operations extending to Japan, Calcutta and Madras. It was during that period that he amassed the princely fortune of which he made such a benevolent and philanthropic use, as shown by his charities. Asa merchant he built up for himself a name quite unique both in Europe and India, and, in order to mark their appreciation of him, one firm with whom he did business, Messrs. Thomas Cardwell & Co., of Liverpool, named one of their ships ‘‘ The Cursetjee Furdoonjee.”” Apropos of his trade, it may be stated that he built two large sailing vessels in Europe in the year 1864, at a cost of some lakhs of rupees. One, built at Greenwich, was named the ‘“ Albert Victor’ after the late eldest son and heir to H. R. H. the Prince of Wales, who was born in the same year, whilst the other, built at Dundee, was known as the ‘‘ Sir Jamsetjee Family.” The ceremony of launching these vessels was performed in Europe with great eclat. Mr. Cursetjee also purchased in Europe another large sailing ship at a consid- erable cost. In addition to this he chartered quite a fleet of merchantmen, for his trade grew enormously. His treatment of, and dealings with, some of the merchants evoked a frequent testimony to his kindness of heart. Instances are known of his having waived his claims to profits amounting to lakhs of rupees, accruing to him in consequence of certain cotton contracts, when he saw that, to have held the contracting merchants with the grip of a Shylock, and to have insisted on the terms of the bond, would have hopelessly wrecked their fortunes. He was the chosen and acknowledged arbitrator of the merchants of his time, and as such was ever and anon appealed to by them with a result so admirable that no fault was ever found with his findings. Mr. Cursetjee was a large landed proprietor, owning property valued at thirty five lakhs and a quarter, including the pile known as Grant Buildings, Colaba. His diamonds, pearls, rubies and emeralds were the admiration of all. The * Dresden Drop,” one of the celebrated diamonds of the world, which Mr. Cursetjee once owned, was alone worth six lakhs of rupees. Mr. Cursetjee’s connection with the Bombay Pinjrapole dated from the year 1850, and was a connection full of advantages to the institution, the working of which had his keen surveillance. In 1855 he was appointed a J. P., an honor then very sparingly bestowed. In THE LATE CURSETJEE FURDOONJEE ParakH, Esg., J. P. the same year he served on the Committee of Management for Parsee Laws, as also on a similar sub-committee, in which capacities he rendered his community yeoman’s service. In 1860 he was appointed one of the Trustees of the Parsee Punchayet, an honor he enjoyed till the day of his death. So keen was his interest in the affairs of the Punchayet that he was (108) known, witil very recently, in spite of failing health, to go through its voluminous accounts item by item, at times by candle light, with one of the accountants at his elbow to answer such inquiries as he chose to make. And latterly, when on account of failing eyesight he was no longer able to go through these accounts as was his wont, he was none the less strict and sedulous in his customary inquiries concerning facts and figures. In short, he discharged with a zeal and an energy truly admirable the multifarious and onerous duties which devolved on him as a Trustee of that body. In the same year he had the honor of occupying a seat in Court, then known as the ‘‘ Petty Sessions Court,’’ presided over by the senior local magistrate. On the establishment of the Parsee Matrimonial Court, in 1865, he was nominated one of the delegates. He was ever anxious to hold his services in this matter at the disposal both of the Government and of his community, and was very loath to abandon these duties, but latterly continued ill-health and particularly failing eyesight necessitated a break-up of his long connec- tion with this court. By way of a slight acknowledgment of his benevolence and munificence, Government conferred on him the Shrievalty of Bombay in 1877, during the Governorship of the late Sir Phillip Wodehouse. Ever since the loss of his only son, the late Mr. Ardesheer, he had studiously avoided gaieties, but never neglected sad and solemn gatherings, which, despite his failing health and domestic sorrows, he regarded it as his first and foremost duty to attend. Recent family bereavements, one following the other in quick succession, had much to answer for his end. Before this notice of the philanthropic and highly revered Mr. Cursetjee is closed, refer- ence may be made to such of his charities as are known, though most of his private charities were known only to himself and to the recipients of his favors. As striking instances of indi- vidual effort to ameliorate the condition of suffering humanity, it is only necessary to turn, first to the good work he did from 1862 to 1865 in devoting Rs. 5,21,000 to support European, Parsee, Hindu and other families; next, to the sum of Rs. 89,000 given to poor and needy families, irrespective of caste or creed, and to other charities during his tour through Gujarat in 1862-63; and then, to his distribution of Rs. 88,000 worth of rice at Surat, Mangalore, Cutch Mandvi, Verawal, etc., during the Gujarat famine of 1863-64. Besides the above, he contributed Rs. 55,000 to the Sir Jamsetjee Zend and Pehelvi College (at Bombay), Rs. 25,000 to the Lancashire Relief Fund, Rs. 65,00 to the Calcutta Cyclone Relief Fund, Rs. 9,375 to the Madras Weavers’ Relief Fund, and Rs. 10,500 as his share of the cost of the Flora Fountain at Bombay, besides giving Rs. 50,000 to the Parakh School of Art and Industry at Surat. Then he contributed to the building of adharamasala and a parakh dispensary at Surat, adharam- sala at Valsar, the Asylum for the Aged and the Blind at Chowpatty (Bombay), a sagady and a wall around the Tower of Silence at Valsar and an agiary at Suranda. In addition to these, his contributions and donations to dispensaries, dharamsalas, pinjrapoles, schools, colleges, libraries, memorial and other funds amounted to Rs. 2,65,000, making in all a total of nearly eleven and a half lakhs of rupees. Mr. Cursetjee died in Bombay on the eighth of August, 1896, at the patriarchal age of eighty- five. The large attendances, at both the time of his demise at his residence, and at his funeral were tokens of the affection and respect in which he was held by his own as well as by other communities. It also showed that his fame and his good name had not dwindled with his fortunes. In respect tothe charities just noted, it may be said that the unknown exceeded the known, thus exemplifying to the world at large the instance of a man who was benevolent purely and simply for the sake of doing good. Mr. Cursetjee set little store by mundane fame and popular applause, thus achieving for himself that higher fame, which, Milton says : ‘“ . . . is no plant that grows on mortal soil, Nor in the glistening foil Set off to the world, nor in broad rumor lies ; But lives and spreads aloft by those pure eyes, And perfect witness of all-judging Jove, As he pronounces lastly on each deed, ¢ Of so much fame in Heaven expect thy meed.’ ”’ Dadabhai Naoroji, Esq. The life of this eminent Indian statesman— the first Native of this country to sit in the English House of Commons—to be comprehensively written would require a volume to itself. In the space at hand, therefore, it is but possible to give merely a brief outline of his distinguished career, touching only upon the salient features of his public life. The fact that this Presi- dency has perhaps chief reason to be proud of in connection with this philanthropic politician is that he was born in Bombay. Mr. Dadabhai has spent over half a century of his life as an active public man. He is now in his seventy-fifth year, having been born in November, 1825. From four years of age, when he lost his father, his early training became his mother’s sole care, and his present position in public estimation, both Native and European, is a speak- ing tribute to the manner in which she discharged that trust. Mr. Dadabhai initiated his publicity as a man of intellectual powers above the average by a brilliant academical career at the Elphinstone Institution, his progress and achievements forming a theme of unstinted praise by the Board of Education, the public recognition of which found its opportunity in 1854, when he was appointed Professor of Mathematics in the Elphin- stone College. He was thus the first Native in Western India to fill a Professor’s chair. Until 1858 Mr. Dadabhai applied himself more to social and educational reforms in his own commu- nity than to general public measures. That year he terminated his college career, and left for England, in order to join the firm of Messrs. Cama & Co., Parsee merchants of London. But his sympathies remained with his native country, and the interests of India were most zealously and advantageously safeguarded in every possible way that came within the reach of his indefatigable patriotism. In 1869, when he returned to Bombay, a handsome purse was presented to him as a recognition of his appreciable services. In 1871-72 Mr. Dadabhai gave some most valuable and unimpeachable evidence before the Parliamentary Committee on the finances of India, and his potent remarks and sound practical suggestions were warmly com- mended by the people of India and as warmly welcomed as a spontaneous proof of his zeal for their welfare. For the twenty years following Mr. Dadabhai was earnestly engaged in emphasizing the patriotic zeal he had already exemplified, enhancing his valuable efforts by the publication of pamphlets on the subjects dearest to his heart, chief of which was ever the * Condition of the poor of India.”” During this period he occupied many public positions of responsibility, eminence and honor. In 1885 the Government of Lord Reay invited him to a seat in the Bombay Legislative Council. In 1886 he became President of the Second Indian National Congress. In 1887, after having given evidence before the Public Service Commission, the ‘Grand Old Man’ of India, as he was affectionately called, once more went to England in order to enter Parliament. After five years’ persistent and consistent efforts to enter the House of Commons as a champion of the interests of his countrymen, he was elected by the constituency of Finsbury to that assembly, thus achieving a fame that his life’s-work had, in the opinion of the people of India, fully entitled him to. A biographer of Mr. Dadabhai has justly observed: ‘If self-abnegation, humility, tolerance, patience, perseverance, strict adherence to truth at whatever cost, thorough disin- terestedness, sincerity of ambition and burning patriotism pure and holy—if these virtues can ennoble a citizen and make him respected by his fellow-men, then it may be said, without fear: of contradiction, that Mr. Dadabhai Naoroji is ennobled and respected in an eminent degree.” Mr. Dadabhai still resides in England, and, though he some years ago ceased to be a member of Parliament, his sympathies with the land of his birth are as strong as ever. In his student days one of Mr. Dadabhai’s professors referred to him as ‘ The Promise of India.” How far this venerable patriot, politician and philanthropist has deserved that title is known wherever his name is spoken in India. And no more earnest prayer is ever uttered by the people for whom he labors than that Mr. Dadabhai Naoroji may long be spared to watch over their interests in his adopted home—the centre of Imperial legislation and protection. I ROTI ie SOV LPIA BPA PROTA P wy ARE AJI KH Mr. DAj1 AB N THE Ho Naoroj1, Eso. DADABHAI (110) The Hon. Mr. Daji Abaji Khare, J. P. HE HON. MR. DAJI ABAJI KARE is a native of Nasik, having been born in the family house in that town in Jan- nary, 1856. He was taken when very young to Ratnagiri, and was educated in various vernacular schools in that dis- trict, receiving his English tuition in the Ratnagiri High School. After his father’s death, which occurred when he was only thirteen, he returned to Nasik and studied in the High School there. He passed his matriculation examina- tion in 1873, and having secured a scholarship he entered the Deccan College, Poona. He was rusticated in 1876 for six months, but nevertheless passed his B. A. examination the following year. He then went to Bombay, and studied law at the Law Class, obtained the Jurisprudence Prize and passed the LL.B. in 1880, coming out first in the First Class. He commenced to practice on the Appellate side of the Bombay High Court in 1881, apprenticing himself to the late Rao Saheb V. N. Mandlik for a time. It was this connection that encouraged him to closely study the various Land Tenures, especially the Koti Tenure. For six years, that is until 1886, he edited the English columns of ‘‘ Native Opinion,” but was obliged to secede from that position by reason of increasing legal business. Mr. Khare was Joint Secretary, with the late Mr. Justice Telang, of the Bombay Branch of the East Indian Association, and thus came into close contact with Mr. Dadabhai Navroji, under whose guidance he studied political questions. He became Secretary of the Students’ Literary and Scientific Society, which position he still holds. This society was established by Mr. Dababhai Navorji, Dr. Bhau Daji, Rao Saheb Mandlik, Sir Mangaldas Nathubhoy and others. Tt has four schools for the vernacular education of girls. Mr. Khare became a Fellow of the Bombay University, and was also made a Justice of the Peace for the town and island of Bombay. In 1895 he was elected to the Bombay Legisla- tive Council by the local boards of the Southern Division of the Presidency, and continued a member until 1899. Mr. Khare has been for some time an active member of the Indian National Congress. RAO SAHIB DALPATRAM PRANJIVAN, KHAKHAR, J. P. Rao Sahib Dalpatram Pranjivan Khakhar, J. P. The Rao Sahib, whose photograph we present, is a Hindu Brahma-Kshatriya by caste, and was born on the first of November, 1835, in the Portuguese settlement of Div, in the family residence of his maternal grandfather, who traded largely with Mozambique. He removed to Damaun, also a Portuguese settlement, where his ancestors had migrated from Junar about two hundred and fifty years ago, and where they had acquired considerable influence through their enterprise and ability. The Rao Sahib, whilst young, had the mis- fortune to lose his mother and was brought up by his grandmother, Putlibai, an educated and refined lady of deep religious convictions. He received an education in Gujarati and Mahratti under his father, as well as religious instruction in Sanskrit. He was sent to learn Portuguese in a Government school, where he acquired a good knowledge of the language. Being desirous of prosecuting his studies further, he came to Bombay and joined the Elphin- stone School in 1851, and entered the Elphinstone College in 1856, after passing the examination held by the Government examiners. He secured the second of the two Clare Scholarships, with a diploma which he received from the hands of Lord Elphinstone, the then Governor of Bombay. In 1857, he carried off the scholarship on the Sir Edward West Foun- dation, and in 1858, he was made a first normal scholar, and passed the jurisprudence exam- ination. In 1859, the Rao Sahib joined the teaching staff of the Elphinstone School, and in 1860 married Deokarbai, the daughter of Meghji Jadowji, an eminent physician of Bhav- nagar. After passing the registered teacher’s examination he accepted the head mastership of the Goculdas Teizpal Government School, which owes much to his connection with it; for Mr. Coke, Educational Inspector, writes, in 1864: ‘‘He has brought up the school to a much higher standard. than any of a similar grade in the department.’”’ Mr. (now Honorable) J. Nugent, reports, in 1866: ‘‘ All the boys read English remarkably well, and many of them possess a fair knowledge of the language. In arithmetic they did somewhat better than the average run of boys in Government schools. The head master, Mr. Dalpatram, is a remark- ably intelligent man and knows English extremely well.’’ During this time he was the secretary of the Budhiuardhak Society and editor of its magazine. In 1868, he was appointed tutor and guardian to His Highness the late Thakore Sahib of Rajkote. On his leaving for Rajkote the members of the society and other leading reformers gave him a dinner-party, and presented him with an address and a present of books of his choice for his service in the cause of reform. The young Thakore Sahib, of Rajkote, made such progress under him that on the occasion of the first meeting of the Kathiawar chiefs at Rajkote he was the only one able to converse in English with Sir Seymour Fitzgerald, the then Governor of Bombay, who congratulated Mr. Dalpatram for the accuracy of pronunciation and general knowledge of his royal pupil. Colone! Anderson, Political Agent, and Mr. Macnaghton, Principal of the Rajkumar College, stated in their annual reports of 1870-71, respectively, ‘‘The weli- merited encomiums of Captain Lloyd on the value of the services of Mr. Dalpatram I can fully endorse, and in bringing them prominently to notice, trust Government will be pleased to record its approbation.’’ He (the Thakore Sahib of Rajkote) holds his position in the first class by his knowledge of English, a knowledge which reflects great credit on his former tutor, Mr. Dalpatram. In 1871, Mr. Dalpatram was promoted by Mr. (now the Right Honorable Sir) J. B. Peile, C. I. E., to the position of Educational Inspector of Cutch, and head master of the Alfred High School Bhuj, Cutch. He filled these positions until 1873, when he accepted the position of tutor to the present Rao of Cutch, still retaining the ‘Inspectorship, and to him was also entrusted the education of Bai Rajba, now the Dowager Rani of Bikaner. In the same year the Rao Sahib was congratulated by His Grace the Duke of Argyle, K. G., etc., the then Secretary of State for India for his services to education in Cutch. There is no doubt that much of the success which has attended the Rao of Cutch is due to the careful education and training received at an early age from Mr. Dalpatram. Reports of the several political agents and British Educational Inspectors show conclusively the good work done by Mr. Dalpatram. Colonel Goodfellow says, in October, 1874: ‘‘I find he (the Rao of Cutch) has made considerable progress in English. There are few boys of his age who could have made such progress as he has done.’’ Mr. Giles, the Educational Inspector, reports: ‘‘His Highness the young Rao of Cutch has been somewhat interrupted during the year, but a comparison of the results obtained by him this year with those shown by Dr. Buhler, indicate that he has made good progress in English (112) and other subjects. I was much pleased with his general intelligence and think Mr. Dalpa- tram deserves credit for the way in which he has conducted his education.’’ Colonel Parr, after speaking of the indebtedness of education in Cutch to him, writes, in September, 1876: ‘“Mr. Dalpatram’s careful and painstaking instruction of the young Rao and of his sister, Princess Bai Rajba, is also deserving of special praise.’’ Dr. Buhler, in 1877, says: ‘‘As he (the Rao) is able to converse on common topics, I was much pleased with his intelligence and brightness, which showed that his mind had been developed very considerably since I saw him in 1874.’> Colonel W. C. Parr, Political Agent, writes on the fourteenth of September, 1876, ‘‘I consider Mr. Dalpatram Khakhar, head of the Educational Depatment in Cutch, an efficient officer, being both able and energetic, and I think the education in Cutch owes a great deal to him. Mr. Dalpatram’s careful and painstaking instruction of the young Rao and of his sister Princess Bai Rajba, is also deserving of special praise.’’ Mrs. Frances E. Chase Parr, writes: ‘‘As, since her betrothal, the Princess Bai Rajba cannot be examined by the Government Inspector, I have much pleasure in saying that, from the opportunities I have had of ascertaining her knowledge of English, I consider that she has been extremely well taught, and is very well advanced for a girl of her age, and that she does her tutor, Mr. Dalpatram, great credit.’ On the Rao’s installation to the Gadi he read, in English, the reply to the address of the Political Agent in the Durbar. When Sir Richard Temple, the then Governor of Bombay, visited Cutch in 1877 the Rao, who had just passed out of Mr. Dalpatram’s hands, read in English his reply to the Governor’s speech in full Durbar and was complimented on his general progress and the accuracy and ease with which he could converse in English. In addition to the duties of inspector and tutor, the Rao Sahib made an archaeological and architectural survey of Cutch, and submitted a report which the Government of Bombay published as Selection No. 151, New Series. He also contributed to the Gazetteer of Cutch, and his valuable services in connection with these works were acknowledged by Government in the form of three Government resolutions. In 1877, Mr. Dalpatram acted as a member of the Famine Relief Committee, and in 1880 he acted jointly with the Assistant Political Agent as the working member of the Census Committee. In 1883, the residents of Tera founded a library in his name. In 1884, he organized and carried to a successful conclusion the Cutch Art Exhibition, which subsequently formed the nucleus of the Sir James Fergusson Museum. In 1886, he retired from Government service on a pension, and in recognition of his distinguished services he was honored by a Khilat from the Rao of Cutch, presented in Durbar, and the British Government conferred on him, on the occasion of Her Majesty’s Jubilee, the title of Rao Sahib, as a personal distinction. He is a Justice of the Peace for the town and Island of Bombay; a member of the Royal Asiatic Society; a member of the Managing Committee of the Goculdas Teizpal Charities, and a trustee of their funds amounting to 20,00,000 rupees; a life member of the Gujarat Vernacular Society of Ahmedabad; and of the Dnyan Prassarak Mandali of Bombay; a Managing Director and Chairman of the Fort Press Company, Limited; Chairman of the Indian Marriage and Death Benefit Fund, Limited, and he is the Shet, or head, of all the seven sections of his caste. He is the author of several works, amongst others a Gujarati translation of the ‘‘Sharkunbala’’ play; a ‘‘Geography of Cutch;>’ ‘‘Archeological Survey of Cutch,’’ and a ‘‘ Life of Shet Vur- jivandas Madowdas’’ of Bombay. Mr. Dalpatram has, despite his busy life, found time to promote the cause of native art, and has sent to various exhibitions articles of rare workmanship, and obtained prizes, medals and certificates. The reader will see that Mr. Dalpatram has given satisfaction to his principals, and it could not well have been otherwise, as he has always displayed intelligence, ability, zeal and tact in the discharge of his duties. The Rao Sahib has issue, a daughter, Tulja Gavri, born in 1873, and a son, Maganlal, born on the eleventh of November, 1870, who was educated at the Elphinstone and St. Xavier’s Colleges, where he gained the Jam Shri Vibhaji Scholarship for the best English scholar amongst the Kathiawaris. He married, in 1887, Mahalakshmi, daughter of the late Mr. Shivashanker Govindram, Pleader of the High Court, and at one time acting Presidency Magistrate. He is secretary to the Fort Press Company, Limited. Mr. Maganlal is an accomplished scholar, being the author of a work entitled ‘‘Jagadu Charita,’’ and gives promise of a bright and distinguished future. (S11) THE LATE MR. DAMODHAR THACKERSEY MOOLIEE. The Late Mr. Damodhar Thackersey Mooljee and His Son, Mr. Vithaldas. To none more than her captains of industry and merchant princes does Bombay owe her present greatness and promise of brighter future still; and amongst the manufacturers and traders of Bombay, none holds a more prominent place than the Bhatia community. The late Mr. Damodhar Thackersey was a Bhatia gentleman of first rank; and he was a worthy representative of those who have, by their industry and enterprise and by their public spirit and benevolence, raised Bombay, from the village she was a century ago, to the proud distinction of being, in trade and population, the first city in India, and second only to London in the British Empire. : Born on the 14th of April, 1847, at Varwala, in Kathiwar, Mr. Damodhar Thackersey accompanied his father to Bombay, where he received his education at the G..T. Seminary, a school founded by an eminent member of his community, the late Mr. Gokuldas Tejpal. At the early age of fourteen he joined his father’s firm, and showed such a talent for business, that, in a year, he was made its treasurer. Two years later he became its salesman, and was entrusted with the entire management of the firm in 1864, when his father had some business, which kept him out of Bombay for a long time. He then showed that he had become an expert in all the lore of the profession. During all this time, Mr. Damodhar remained a student at home, perfecting his knowledge of English and increasing his stock of general information, without which he would not have been able to add to the laurels of a successful merchant and manufacturer, those of a trusted social and political leader of the public. He completed his education by an extensive tour round India in 1865; and on his return, began that career of industry and enterprise, which made him one of the richest men in Bombay. From 1866, Mr. Damodhar Thackersey began to hold an active intercourse with the European export and import houses of Bombay, and became prosperous enough to build, at a cost of twelve lakhs of rupees, in conjunction with another Bhatia merchant, a new cloth market, called the New Piece Goods Bazar Company, Limited, which met a long-felt want of the cloth merchants of Bombay. In 1870 he became the guarantee broker of Mr. Solomon Betsch. His other partners falling off next year, he, with his brothers, began to trade as originally in the name of his father, Thackersey Mooljee’s firm. He then directed his energies to the rising cotton manufacturing industry, which has made Bombay the Manchester of the East. In 1874, he formed a company, and built on the Byculla flats the Hindustan S. & W. Mills Company, Ld. He managed the affairs of this company very well, and yet found time to work as the guarantee broker of Messrs. Gaddam & Company, who are now known as Messrs. Gaddam, Bythel & Company. In 1879, he severed his connection with this firm, and successfully launched the Thackersey Mooljee S. & W. Mill, which was afterward amalgamated with the Hindustan Mills. In 1880, he bought, on his own account, the Manchester and Bombay Mill, which had been mortgaged to him the year previous, but sold it without any profit to a new company which he formed. The mill was then improved and extended by the addition of looms, and started with vigor, after an interesting and enthusiastic opening ceremony, with the new name of the Western India Spinning and Manufacturing Company, Limited. This mill is situated at Chinchpoogli. In 1882, Mr. Damodhar started the Indian Manufacturing Company, Limited, which mill is situated on Ripon Road. In 1892, he bought the Hong Kong Mills at Chinch- poogli, and thus became connected, as owner or predominant shareholder, with four different mills. These were big concerns for a single man to manage and superintend. They represented, as will be seen from appendix A, given at the end of this sketch, a capital of over forty lakhs of rupees. They contained a lakh and a quarter of spindles and twenty-six hundred looms, consumed, per year, twenty thousand khandies of cotton and gave employment to five thousand hands. But such was the tact and business capacity of Mr. Damodhar Thackersey that his mills are known to be amongst the best managed and most thriving concerns in Bombay; and their stability is such that they can defy the usual vicissitudes of trade, and even such suicidal Government measures as the closure of the mints to the free coinage of silver, and the 5 per cent excise recently imposed upon India’s own manufactures. Deeply interested as he was in the future of the rising cotton industry of India, Mr. Damodhar Thackersey was one of the most active members of the Mill Owners’ Association of Bombay. His suggestions were always valuable; but nothing showed his foresight better than the heart and soul with which he worked for an organized effort to seek and secure new but its action was half-hearted and perfunctory. Nothing daunted, Mr. Damodhar Thackersey took the matter in his own hands. and sent agents to distant lands, such as Egypt and Turkey, on behalf of his own mills, to study the wants of the people and promote in every possible way the consumption of Indian manufactures. Another very important question, and one which reflected great credit upon his good sense and foresight, which he had taken up, was that of the evil practice that had grown up of marking false measurements on piece goods of Indian manufacture. There was no legal methods of checking the evil, and an extensive trade was done in pieces, systematically stamped as being some 20 per cent more than the actual length. This unscrupulousness increased with the increase in competition, as new mills sprang up into existence. The result was that the consuming public suffered as much as the honest manufacturer and trader. Mr. Damodhar Thackersey strove hard to set the Mill Owners’ Association to work in the matter, and voluntarily adopt measures dealing effectively with the evil. In this he failed; but his efforts had awakened the Government; and he had the satisfaction of seeing the question he had sagaciously mooted, finally settled by the merchandise marks Act of 1889, which makes it a penal offence to falsely label or stamp goods, of home or foreign manufacture, as regards origin or measurement, nature or quality. , Mr. Damodhar Thackersey’s public life was, however, far from being devoted to mercantile questions alone. Appointed a Justice of the Peace in 1876 he was, from 1884, down to his death, an active member of the Municipal Corporation, watching with care the interests of the rate-payers and the common people. He was a steady supporter of the National Congress and an influential member of the Bombay Presidency Association. There was not in his time a single movement for the public good in which Mr. Damodhar Thackersey did not play a conspicuous part. In addition, he was connected, as a member, with the Bombay Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society and with the National Association, as a life-member with the Moolji Jairajbhai Library, the Ar»ya-su-dharmodaya sabka and the Gujjerath Vernacular Society, and with the Cow Protection Society, as its treasurer. His name is specially associated with the movement, unhappily still unsuccessful, for the prevention of one of Bombay’s, nay of India’s, crying grievances—the adulteration of ghee Ghee is an important article of diet in India and its wholesomeness is demanded, no less on hygienic grounds, than on those of the religious prejudices of the people. The Hindus and Parsees do not eat beef, the cow being a sacred animal to them. The Mahommedans abhor nothing more than pigs. And yet it is an injurious and impure mixture with the fat of cows and pigs, that is openly sold as pure ghee in the Indian markets. The mixture is so skillfully and scientifically prepared that it defies detection even by a wary and fastidious purchaser. Mere adulteration as such is not punishable under any law in force in India. It is only when the seller knowingly sells an article of diet, which is positively injurious to the health, that he can be brought under the clutches of law. But these are matters difficult to prove; and every one in Bombay has now come to believe that adequate legislation is absolutely necessary to cope with the growing evil. No one has contributed more to the formation of this unanimity in public opinion than Mr. Damodhar Thackersey. He was one of the first to take up this question, and it was with characteristic energy and disinterestedness that he worked, collecting all the information necessary to prove the existence and the enormity of the evil, bringing to a focus the opinion of the public on the point, and then setting in motion the legislative machinery of the Government. He first procured samples of ghee, sold at various shops and had them analyzed by experts. A con- siderable number were found to contain more than fifty per cent of fat, whilst some were found to contain nothing but fat and oil. He discovered two practical methods to test the purity of ghee. He found that when it is mixed with fat it swells only when it is boiled and then pro- duces a white foam on the surface. Pure ghee, moreover, was found to require much less heat to liquefy than fat, and whilst it will easily nelt in the mouth, the adulterated mixture will always stick to the tongue and the palate. Armed with these simple tests, Mr. Damodhar Thackersey satisfied himself that the evil of adulterating ghee with fat was not confined to the Bombay market only, but that a large quantity of the vicious mixture was exported to Rangoon and other distant parts. He was good enough to apprise the people of these places of the deception practiced upon them. His next step was to organize an agitation in the matter among the public. A public meeting of the leading men of all communities was held on the twenty-first of January, 1893, at his residence at Mahalaxmi, to discuss the question. He was, of course, the markets for the productions of Indian mills. The association took some steps in the matter, (114) principal speaker there, and, at his suggestion, it was resolved to petition the Government, praying for adequate legislation to put an end to the evil. The petition was prepared under the superintendence and at the expense of Mr. Damodhar Thackersey. Over 50,000 signatures of men representing all professions and creeds and all grades of life were obtained by agents specially employed by him for the purpose and the monster petition was then presented to Government. Unhappily Mr. Damodhar Thackersey did not live to read the favorable answer given to it. But his labors have not been in vain. The Government of Bombay has been fully awakened to the gravity of the question. It is well understood that it has, after consulting the corporation of Bombay, finally settled a draft bill on the subject and sent it for approval to the Government of India. The success of Mr. Damodhar Thackersey’s earnest labors, is therefore now, only a question of time. Merchant as he was, Mr. Damodhar Thackersey was a very staunch friend of education. Many a student remembers with gratitude the timely help he gave to them in books, money, or board and lodging. He was fond of organizing, in Kathiawad the land of his birth, merry fétes and gatherings of school boys, to whom he would distribute books, clothes, and sweets. He has made permanent donations to various schools in and near Khambalia and Dwarka. He was a constant and liberal patron of men of letters and many grateful authors have dedicated their works to him. He established at his cost reading rooms and libraries at Khambhalia, Varvala and Shree-Beta-Sankhodwar and regularly helped many others. Unobtrusive, but true and ever-flowing charity, was, in fact, the most attractive trait in his character. He built many resting places for travelers in his native land and elsewhere; and in some of them alms are always given to the poor. At other places he built tanks and wells and otherwise provided for the conveniences and comforts of the people. His purse was ever ready to help the sufferers whenever any calamity, such as a flood, or a fire, or an epidemic visited his country. Gujrath and Kathiawad naturally attracted his attention most in the matter, but real distress in other places never failed to rouse his sympathy. More characteristic than his liberality on such occasions was the zeal with which he personally labored to alleviate human misery. Thus, when a virulent fever epidemic broke out in 1892, in Gujrath and Kathiawad, he kept on a regular active correspondence with the people of the affected districts, and sent valuable help in the form of medicines required, together with printed directions for their use, specially adapted to the understanding of the people to be relieved. And this was by no means a single instance. In every sense of the word he was a true philanthropist. The extent of his charities will appear from a list of the principal ones, we have given in appendix B. It should, however, be noted that they are charities of more or less a public nature. It would, of course, be impossible to give an estimate of what may, for distinction’s sake, be called private charities to individuals. He was always a friend of the poor and dis- tressed. No one in need went to him for help and returned disappointed. And no one’s business did he undertake, in the discharge of which he did not show the same steadfast perse- verence, zeal and industry, which marked his career as a successful man of business or a trusted leader of the public. Sweet was he in temper, always, and his gravity and piety were in perfect keeping with his patriotism and public spirit. Exceedingly rich as he was, his dress and habits were simple and vanity never touched his soul. He was always easy of approach and was courteous and affable to rich and poor alike. Needless to say, he was very popular and influential with all classes of people. He had a hold on the rulers and the ruled, not only in Bombay, but in Gujerath and Kathiawad too. The chiefs of Kathiawad knew him well and paid him particular respect. With many of them his relations were those of greatest intimacy. He was thus able to do an amount of good which mere leaders of the public cannot hope to accomplish. His power was well seen during, and after, the lamentable Hindu Mahommedan riots that disturbed the peace of the usually quiet Bombay, in 1893. He took various measures to assist Government in restoring order and in reinspiring confidence in the city. By means of printed handbills and personal exhortations, and by his hold on the merchants in his extensive market and on the trading classes in general, he materially helped the restoration of the cordial and amicable relations that had previously subsisted between the two communities in Bombay. It was in activities of all kinds that his life was spent. His own private business was enough to tax to the full the mental and physical powers of any man. Combined with the public duties, which he never forsook to the last, it brought on an early break up of a constitution not naturally over strong. In 1893 he was seized with a fever which brought him on October 21, 1893, to a premature grave at the early age of forty-seven. Needless to say his death was universally mourned. His funeral was attended by over five thousand persons of all castes and creeds and all the papers of Bombay and the most important ones of other parts (115) of India, agreed in considering his death as a great national loss. No ome could die with greater calmness or resignation. Such is the death of those who, like Mr. Damodhar Thackersey, have not a deed to repent of and who, recognizing the responsibilities of talents and wealth, have employed them, like him, for the good of their fellow-beings. Mr. Damodhar Thackersey leaves behind him two sons and a daughter. The eldest son, Mr. Vithaldas, was born on the first of December, 1873, at Bombay. He was educated in one of the best High Schools of Bombay, and, after winning several prizes, passed his matriculation examination in his seventeenth year. Ie was then sent to college. The father had the satisfaction of seeing his son as well up in literary attainments and culture, as in the practical business of his mills and trade. With foresight enough, Mr. Damodhar Thackersey had trained up his son, from an early age in all the lore necessary for the inheritor of his wealth and name. He saw Mr. Vithaldas develop all the capacity and talent needed, but died too soon to enjoy their fruit. The mantle of the father has well fallen on the son; for Mr. Vithaldas has already shown that he has fully inherited the business talents, as well as the zeal, benevolence, patriotism and charity of his father. May he fully fill the void caused in society of Bombay by the premature death of his lamented father. APPENDIX A.—7he mills owned and managed by Mr. Damodhar Thackersey Mooljee’s firm. The gotten Ra 3 Paid-up [Number of [Number of [Number of | CONSUME 0 mber of NaMe oF THE Miry, capital. shares. spindles. looms. every year m |mill hands. Khandies. | 784 1bs. | I. The Hindustani S. & W. Co.’s | Rupees. Mills Jo on at Le 12,00,000 1,200 35,630 701 5,200 1,400 IL The Western India S. & Manu- facturing Co.’s Mills, .v. 12,00,000 1,200 32,400 598 6,300 1,400 111. The £ Indian Manufacturing Co.’s Millers, codinl onal 9,00,000 900 28,268 800 4,600 1,150 IV. The Hong- Kong S. & Manufac- turing Co.'s Mills... . . . 7,50,000 750 28,024 520 4,000 | 1,000 Motal .i.as Liana ey 40,50,000 4,050 1,24,322 2,619 20,100 | 4,950 APPENDIX B.—7he charities (public) given in the name of Mr. Damodhar Thackersey Mooljee or his firm. Rupees. ’ For a free board and rest house at\Varwala.. . 00 ov Bey ooo nd ae ds. 60,000 . For building ‘the Thackersey Mooljee Dharamsala’ (rest- ‘house) and the ‘ Devidasa-pustaka- sala N= (Jibrary)al Varwalamd Gi oh Smal a hl a 15,000 3. For the “ Ghellabhai pustaka-sala (library) at Beta-Shankhodwara . . . . . .. ........... 5,000 4. For free fodder and drink for cows and other dumb animalsat Varwala. . . . . ........... 10,000 5. ‘Fortanksandiwells 0. 0 Bolsa fe oon cL aa to ee ne 5,225 6. For ‘‘the Velibai Charitable Dispensary’ at Nassick, in memory of the wife of Mr. Damodhar Thackersey’s brother, Mr. Narayendas a Lis 25,000 7. For a rest house at Wadhwan Camp, in Kathiawar, in memory of Mr. Damodhar’s mother, Sakharbai. oo. to, i a A de ne 40,000 8. For scholarship to students in girl-schools at Khambalia, Dwarka, Beta and Bombay . .. .. .. . 2,280 9. For printing, every fourth year, and distributing as prizes to students or men of letters, the work called “ Pramana-saha stri” (a thousand sacred precepts), by Mr. Damodhar’s brother, the late Mr. Prayagji Ge AL CL SE nC Bs a PR AE Sle le Th ta Oe EV SO i RES ee a Sf 10,000 10. For the Ripon Technical School... . . 0. . Jaisis oon conan on shia hain sii 1,000 11. For the celebration of Her Majesty Queen Victoria’s Jubilee... 0, Joa pon 0 a oom, 1,000 12. Forvarionspublicmemorials {7 L000 Sia a eS CG GE ih 9,000 13: For help to poor scholarsand others: i. ie iii os 0 Clin ola LE ae 3,450 14. For encouraging authors and educational gatherings... . . J... oo... 8. 0 nn 1,500 15. For the Bhatia’'s Bhagirathi tank a a a a Ta 3,100 16. For permanent drinking conveniences at the schools in Khambalia, Dwarka, and the vicinity 4 4,000 17. For a well, a fountain for animals and a small rest house, at Bhangol- Bajana, in memory of Mr. Damodhar's daughter Gangabal .. i... 0, v0 4,000 18. For a shade, a well and a fountain for animals, midway on the road between Jodhpur and Vadi . . 2,000 19. For duly performing the obsequies with proper charities of the late Mr. Damodhar’s father, Mr. Thackersey Moolji, he being a pious and religious man, who had never transgressed the precepts of his religion and never forgotten God and the next world. The sum was set aside by Mr. Thackersey in his lifetime on the advice of his religious preceptors Go-swamishri, Dewaki Nan- danacharya and Pandit shri Gattulalji, and spent by his sons, as directed . . . . . . . . .. .. 50,000 20. For the celebrated rest house and library called ‘‘ Dharma- wada, » at Khambalia, built in order to perpetuate the memory of Mr. Damodhar’s father-in-law, Mr. Dharmsi, who died without a son, and left his property of Rsqooootohim vn oc. i, i on LR i 25,000 21. For permanent free board at the above-mentioned resthouse . . . . .i.., .. .. 0, 0... 0, 20,000 22, For maintaining the above rest house and library .i.0. .. 0. La. oi. oo ia La, 10,000 23. For obsequies, etc., for Mr. Damodhar’s above-mentioned father-in-law. . . . . . . . .- ..... . 5,000 24. Set apart by Mr. Damodhar by will for being spent after his death on wells, tanks, rest houses, edu- cation; help to poor Bhatia, ete. ie 2. tle ds sadn bo Ss Se le hs 75,000 25. For the Congress MOVemen i si fo he 0 a al al Sas eS a 601 26. Bor various dispensaries, ool iain ions jb io ined i Dien a Rae ee Ne ea Se ee cl 1,450 27. For temples and cow=protection oth Liiva Ja alii iL a als SDs a 2,920 28. For alleviating distress caused by fire, epidemic, accidents, etc., at Surat, Ahmedabad and in Kash- mir Dekkam, efes anise Lot ee aL a ee 3,690 2q. Other private charities, not incleded in theabove list =... .. oon odie ta eh JE 20,000 4,25,217 Sardar Davar Edalji Khurshedji Modi. The Davar, or head of the Parsee community of Surat, belongs to an illustrious family. One of his ancestors, according to traditions prevailing in the community, as well as in the family, accompanied the small band of political emigrants to India as their leader, when their last Persian emperor, Yezdezird, was vanquished by the Mohammedans, more than 1200 years ago. DM. Anquetil du Perron, the celebrated French traveler and savant, whose researches into the Parsee religion and history are well known, speaks of the family in the following terms: ‘“The Davar, the chief of the Parsees, under the empire of the Mohammedans or the Hindoos, is only a feeble shadow of these ancient priestly kings.’’ It is the oldest Parsee family in India, and has, for centuries, held the office of Davar under adequate Purwanas. The word Davar signifies in Persian temporal and spiritual judge, and the office of Davar, or Datobar, is referred to in the oldest extant religious books of the Parsees. (See Yezashna, chapters IX, XIX and XLIX, and Vendidad, chapter XVI.) The authority and position of the Davar in Surat were always acknowledged by the Nawabs, and have always been recog- nized and respected by the British Government. The latest recognition of the title of Davar vesting hereditarily in the head of the family, was made by a Sanad conferred on the then Davar, Khan Bahadoor Rustomjee Khurshedjee Modi, under the sign manual of the Gov- ernor, Lord Harris, by the authority of the Government of India, and in pursuance of Gov- ernment Resolution No. 3349, dated the second of June, 1885. It was announced in the. official list of hereditary titles in the Bombay Presidency, as made in consideration of heredi- tary position and rank among the Parsee community of Surat, and valuable services to Gov- ernment. A Purwana addressed by His Highness Hyderkoolee Khan, Nawab of Surat, in the time of Badshah Gazee Mohammed Farukseer, in 1710-11 A. D., ‘‘Modee Bhimjee Kuvarjee, the Davar of the caste of Parsees,’’ constitutes one of many instances of the valuable services rendered by the family to the Parsee community. On that occasion the Davar procured the exemption of the Parsees from undue and oppressive imposts, and rescued them from a variety of other hardships and disabilities. As an instance of services rendered in more modern times may be cited the valuable aid given, single-handed, by the late Davar Rus- tomjee in procuring the exemption of the entire community in British India from the application of an oppressive section of the Administrator General’s act, under which the property of every deceased Parsee became liable to attachment and vexatious interference by the civil authorities immediately on the occurrence of his death. Davar Rustomjee received appreciative addresses from the community in grateful recognition of this service. In the early days of British power in Surat, when the Government was struggling into existence, the factory of the English was brought into great straits by their rivals, the Portuguese and the Mohammedans, cutting off their supplies, and it was the ancestor of the present Davar who rescued them from the difficult position by contriving to supply them secretly with provisions. In revenge, the Sidi, commandant of the Castle of Surat, mortally wounded two of the Modis’ nephews, and this and other circumstances led, in the beginning of the year 1779, to a renewal of the intention to obtain the castle and the fleet for the East India Company, as is chronicled in a minute recorded by the Honorable Jonathan Duncan, Gov- ernor of Bombay, on the thirteenth of August, 1798. In former times, the Davar possessed very large judiciary powers in civil, matrimonial and religious matters. On the advent of British rule and the establishment of British courts, and the progress of legislation, the Davar’s jurisdiction was necessarily curtailed by degrees. When legislation, with regard to matrimony and inheritance among the Parsees was proposed in 1865 by the Parsee Law Commission, of which the late Davar Rustomjee was a representative member, section 28 of the bill enacted, as a special concession or privilege in favor of the Davar’s family, that in the town and district of Surat the office of President of the Parsee Panchayat shall be hereditary in this family. Ultimately, however, the Select Committee recommended the abolition of Panchayat altogether, and the special provision fell through in consequence. The present Davar’s grandfather, Davar Dosabhai Cowasjee, was granted a Sanad in 1805, confirming him in his office. He died suddenly, and was succeeded in the following year by his son, Davar Khursedjee. On the death of Davar Khursedjee, on the twenty-eighth of June, 1827, his eldest son, Davar Rustomji, succeeded to the office, and received khillats from the agent to the Governor, and from the titular Nawab of Surat. Davar Rustomjee was born on the twelfth of February, 1803. He received the title of Khan Bahadoor, and a certificate of honor testifying to conspicuous loyalty to the crown, on the occasion of the proclamation of Her Most Gracious Majesty as Empress of India, on January 1, 1877. He died on the first of April, 1894, and was succeeded by his brother, the present Davar Edalji, who was born on the eighth of January, 1816. This succession was duly recognized, according to custom, at the Uthumna ceremony, on the third day after Davar Rustomjee’s death, by the presentation of shawls on behalf of the laity and clergy. It was further marked by the Davar’s elevation, by Government, to the high rank of a first-class Sirdar of the Deccan, a distinction enjoyed by no other member of the community in the whole of Gujarat. This gave great gratification to the community, as evinced by congratu- latory addresses from Surat and all the other principal towns of Gujarat. Another coveted distinction which the present Davar possesses, and which his late brother also had, is that of exemption from personal attendance in the civil courts of the country. This is the only (116) Parsee family which possesses this unique honor. VITHALDAS DAMODHAR THACKERSEY, EsQ. SARDAR DAvVAR EpArjr KHURSHEDJI MODI. Sardar Davar Edalji has five sons, as follows: Kaikhusroo, a B. A. of the Bombay University and a large Zemindar, born November 7, 1841; Bomanjee, an M. A., and a deputy collector, born July 30; Cawashaw, an undergraduate and a land-holder, born April 9, 1848, who has two sons, Temoorus, born July 27, 1887, and Hormusdiar, born on the eighth of November, 1890; Burzorjee, an M. A. and LL. B., a Fellow of the Bombay University, and Judge of the Court of Small Causes at Surat, born October 24, 1850, and having a son, Shari- yarjee, born on the tenth of May, 1893; and Jehangirshaw, a B. A. and LL B., and Subor- dinate Judge, born October 12, 1853. (117) D. J. De Monte, Fso., J. P. D. J, De Monte, Esq., J. P. Amongst the members of the native Christian community of Bombay the subject of our sketch deservedly occupies a foremost position. Mr. De Monte or Dinnoo Patel, to give his more generally known designation, was born at Bandora, near Bombay, on the eleventh of Feb- ruary, 1833, of highly respectable parents. His father occupied a high and respectable position under Government. Mr. De Monte was educated at the Elphinstone School, which in those days numbered amongst its professors such eminent alumni as Messrs. Harkness, Green and Dadabhoy Naoroji. At this time there was no good Catholic College or teaching institution in Bombay. After completing his school career Mr. De Monte joined Government service, and his first post was in the Secretariat, but soon afterward he decided to abandon Government ser- vice and joined the, then well known, mercantile house of Messrs. McKendo, Rogers & Co. After some time spent in commercial pursuits Mr. De Monte, for good and sufficient reasons, decided to rejoin the Secretariat and secured the position of a superintendent in the Military Department. From his early manhood Mr. De Monte evinced a lively interest in any matter touching the welfare of the town in which he was born and where he has continued to reside ever since. He was elected a member of the District Local Board on its establishment, and this position he still holds. It is, however, in connection with Mr. De Monte’s work in the Bandora Municipality that he is best known. He was one of the first Commissioners appointed by Government in 1876, under Act VI of 1873, and for fourteen years, uninterruptedly, he has acted on the Man- aging Committee. In June, 1885, Mr. De Monte was elected chairman of the Bandora Munici- pality and also of the Managing Committee. The popular opinion of Mr. De Monte will best be shown by mentioning that at two different municipal elections he not only polled the highest number of votes recorded, but also every elector who voted recorded a vote in his favor. Mr. De Monte’s qualities of head and heart admirably filled him for the positions he occupied. Combining with firmness and rectitude a courteous and conciliatory disposition, it is no won- der that when, in 189o, failing health compelled him to sever his connection with municipal work, the news of his retirement was received with feelings of sorrow and regret by all classes of Bandora society. It is unnecessary to say that Mr. De Monte severed his immediate con- nection with Bandora municipal work with a sorrowing heart. At a general meeting of the Bandora Commissioners, held on the fourteenth of March, 18go, a resolution thanking Mr. De Monte for his fourteen years valuable services was unanimously carried, and on the third of May, 1890, a resolution was issued by Government, General Department, as follows: “The Governor in Council has perused with much satisfaction the testimony borne by the Municipal Commissioners of Bandora, the Collector of Thanna and the Commissioner N. D., to the value of the important services rendered by Mr. D. J. De Monte as member and chair- man of the Bandora Municipality for the past fourteen years, and regrets that the state of that gentleman's health should have compelled him to sever his connection with the municipality.’ A copy of this resolution was directed to be forwarded to the president of the Bandora Municipality for his information. Several of the leading English and native newspapers of the Presidency spoke in a highly eulogistic manner of Mr. De Monte’s services and one of them said as follows: ‘‘ We hope that Mr. De Monte’s useful career is not yet over, but that he will long be spared to confer further benefits on the people of Bandora, who love him.” In 1892-93 Mr. De Monte, in conjunction with the late Mr. C. E. Kane, acted as one of the arbitrators in the famous Powali case. Mr. De Monte is a Justice of the Peace for the Town and Island of Bombay, this position having been conferred on him by the Government of Bom- bay in recognition of his many distinguished services. Mr. De Monte has been for several years the President of the Bandora Conference, in connection with the well-known institutions of the Society of St. Vincent de Paul. He is a life-member and Honorary Secretary of the Trombay Allbless Leper Home. Mr. De Monte has established a reading room and library, and has also built and maintains a school at Bandora. Mr. De Monte has three brothers—one of whom is a cleric and Chancellor of the Poona diocese; another is a Justice of the Peace; and the third is a graduate of the Bombay University. Mr. De Monte has two sons, both of whom have been educated in Europe. The elder is a popular medical practitioner in Bandora; a member of the Municipal Corporation of Bombay and Bandora; a Fellow of the Bombay Uni- versity, and a Justice of the Peace. The youngest son is a cleric and has passed the examina- tions for the Doctorates of Divinity and Canon Law at Rome. (118) Luis Joseph Eustace de Souza, B. A., LL.B., J. P. respected Portuguese families in Bombay, being the sec- ond son of the late Mr. J. F. D. de Souza, a phyician who had a very extensive practice in Bombay, especially among the Parsees. Mr. de Souza was born in Bombay on the twentieth of September, 1852. After passing his matriculation examination he entered the St. Xavier's College, where he studied under the Jesuit Fathers for his examinations in Arts, in which faculty he took his degree in 1875. Five years later he graduated in Law, after which £ : he accepted a situation in the High Court, urged thereto by his friends, who argued that the Legal Profession was already overcrowded and could therefore offer him no prospect of success. After about a year’s uncongenial work, however, Mr. de Souza decided to take his chance at the Bar. He was admitted as a Pleader in the High Court in April, 1881. He was the first member of his community to be so enrolled, and he has had no reason to regret the course he adopted. He soon secured a remunerative practice, especially in the Criminal Courts. Some years ago Government nominated him a Justice of the Peace for the Town and Island of Bombay. Mr. de Souza stands in the front rank of Bombay Pleaders as an excellent and effective advocate and sound adviser. His conspicuous abilities and independent character have won the respect of the Judges before whom he practices and of his professional colleagues. Besides being a representative lawyer he is a leading member of the Portuguese Community and has been actively associated with its most important and useful movements. In 1892 the Portuguese Government appointed Mr. de Souza a Knight Commander of the Order of the Villa Vigosa, pehaps the most coveted of Portuguese decorations, but Mr. de Souza, being a British subject, could not accept the honor. J. I, DinsHAW EDULJEE WACHA, ESQUIRE, Pr. J 1) = LL.B A B 3 Eso DE SOUZA, B. Tuis J (119) Dinshaw Eduljee Wacha, Esquire, J. P. Amongst those persons who, by their disinterested labors and unwavering loyalty to the cause of reform have deserved well of the people of India, few stand out more promi- nently than Dinshaw Edulji Wacha. Mr. Wacha was born at Bombay on the second of August, 1844, and began his school life when five years old at the first Anglo-Vernacular school which, thanks to the beneficence of the late Mr. Dhunjibhoy M. Cama, had been established and which, for a long time, was known as the Ayrton School. In 1855, Mr. Wacha entered the Elphinstone Institution and, after a successful career there, joined the Elphinstone College in 1858, one year before the first university entrance examination was held, and, shortly after his entrance he gained a junior scholarship. Mr. Wacha’s general ability and ‘ ‘pleasing, gentlemanly deportment,’’ to use the words of Sir Alexander Grant, the distinguished Professor of History and Philosophy in the college, endeared him to the professors and his fellow-students alike. Mr. Wacha intended to graduate, but before he could complete the university course, his father found it necessary to take him away from the college in order that he might be of assistance in the business then carried on by his father at Aden. Mr. Wacha has, since the age of thirty, been associated with the mill industry, and is one of the leading and most active members of the Bombay Mill Owners’ Association. His speeches, letters and papers on industrial affairs afford ample testimony to the great interest he takes in the work. His business abilities and undoubted knowledge of the trade of India and the statistics bearing on it, have rendered him one of the foremost authorities in India on all commercial and financial matters. But it is Mr. Wacha’s public life we would treat of rather than his business career, for Bombay, above most of the large commercial centres of the world, abounds in successful business men; but alas, with a few § notable exceptions, there are few of these men who are prepared to sacrifice their time and money to aid the cause of reform and progress. For the past twenty years Mr. Wacha has been a prolific contributor to the Indian press. Very early in his life he fell under the influence of the late Mr. R. Knight, the Bayard of Indian journalism, who was, at one time, editor of the Zimes of India, and it is to the writings of this gentleman, especially on the land revenue, imperial finance, the Inam Commission and the opium question, that Mr. Wacha attributes his first desire to associate himself with public life. Mr. Wacha’s press contributions are noted for the grasp of economic principles displayed, fairness to adversaries and the logical and lucid conclusions arrived at. Mr. Wacha’s connection with the Muni- cipal Corporation dates from 1888, when he was elected to a seat by the rate-payers of Fort Ward and this seat he still holds. Within six months of his election Mr. Wacha made his mark in the Corporation, and to-day he is justly considered one of its most prominent members. In debating power and knowledge of the various Municipal Acts he is second only to the Hon. P. M. Mehta, C. I. E., and Dr. Blaney, C. I. E. Mr. Wacha is noted for his undeviating opposition to all expenditure of the municipal funds which, in his opinion, is not warranted either by public requirements or the condition of the finances and thus forms a valuable check on ill-considered or unwarranted proposals. It is much to be regretted that men like Mr. Wacha cannot have a controlling voice in imperial questions where the expenditure of crores of rupees is involved. He recently reviewed, in a series of letters to the Zimes of India, the financial history of the Bombay municipality for the last fifteen years, and this review is admitted on all sides to be an exceedingly exhaustive and masterly one. Mr. Wacha is best known for his political work in connection with the Bombay Presidency Association, of which he is one of the honorary secretaries, having the Hon. Mr. P. M. Mehta and N. G. Chandravarkar, Esq., as his confreres. This association, during its existence of twelve years, has done, and is still doing, much good in voicing the legitimate wants and aspirations of the people of Western India. The annual reports of this body, which is composed of the most influential and representative native gentlemen of the Presidency, show the good work being done by Mr. Wacha and his colleagues. Mr. Wacha has been one of the staunchest and most consistent supporters of the National Congress from its foundation in 1885, and he continues to take the liveliest interest in the welfare of this great movement. He has acted as one of the secretaries to the local Standing Congress Committee, and so ably has he discharged his duties in connection with the movement that at the eleventh annual meeting of the Congress held at Poona, in December, 1895, he was unanimously elected as Honorable Joint General Sec- retary, having as his co-secretary Mr. A. O. Hume, who is deservedly known as the father of the Congress. This gentleman carries on the work of the Congress in England. Mr. Wacha has invariably been one of the speakers of each Congress, his special subjects having been imperial finance and military expenditure, and in addition to his utterances on these questions he has also spoken on the questions of the closing of the mint and the cotton duties. All Mr. Wacha’s speeches bear evidence of close study and a vast knowledge of official and other literature bearing on the subject he is speaking on. It is notorious that a bureaucratic government, such as that of India, which is composed of officials who regard any change suggested by persons outside their own exclusive circle with feelings almost akin to . horror, is only to be influenced by a free and intelligent criticism of its actions, and the (120) Congress, by affording an opportunity for this criticism to be made, does a great deal of good. Mr. Wacha was the first to expose the fallacy of regarding exchange as the principal factor in the chronic embarrassment of the Indian finances. The facts and figures with which he controverted it have been corroborated by, not only two such distinguished ex-financial members of the viceregal council as Sir Auckland Colvin and Sir David Barbour, but by many other shining lights on financial matters. The argument used against the Congress, that the delegates do not represent the whole of the people of India, seems to us to be most absurd, for it might, with equal force, be urged that, because the barons, who wrung the Magna Charta from King John, did not represent every section of the people of England, they were not justified in demanding a recognition of their rights. Those who regard the Congress movement unfavorably should recollect that, as Froude says, ‘‘Great national movements can only be properly understood by the people whose disposition they represent. ’’ As an offshoot of the Congress movement there have sprung up in the various presi- dencies and provinces of India institutions known as provincial conferences, and, as the Congress deals with all broad imperial questions, so these conferences deal with provincial matters. Nine of these conferences have already been held. The eighth, which was held at Belgaum in May, 1895, was presided over by Mr. Wacha, and his presidential address greatly added to his reputation. Next to the Hon. Mr. P. M. Mehta there is no one so conspicuous on the political platform of Western India as Mr. Wacha. His speaking is ready, weighty and perspicuous. A man of unsullied character and of unblemished life, both public and private, Mr. Wacha has, by his single-mindedness of purpose for the welfare and advance- ment of his native land and his fellow-countrymen, endeared himself to all classes of the community, and whenever the history of the first century of the Bombay Presidency under active English rule comes to be written, the name of Dinshaw Edulji Wacha will occupy a foremost and an honorable position. Dominic Anaclete D’Monte, M. D., J. P. Dr. D’Monte is one of the leading citizens of Bandora, a suburb of Bombay. He is the second son of Daniel I. D’Monte, J. P., the well-known landed proprietor of Bandora, who is familiarly styled Dinoo Patell. Dr. D’Monte was born on the twenty-second of May, 1859. He acquired his primary education in his native town, but later on he entered St. Xavier's College in Bombay, qualifying there for the Matriculation Examination, which he passed at the early age of sixteen. He then entered the Grant Medical College, where he pursued his studies with great assiduity till 1882, when he took the IL. M. and S. degree of the Bombay University. After this he proceeded to England in order to perfect himself in the various branches of medicine. He obtained several diplomas, viz.: L. R. C. P.,, M. R. C. S., L. M. and M. D., and was admitted a member of various literary societies (M. R. A. S., F. R. G. S., F. S. A., etc.). He then made a tour of the Continent, and whilst in Paris he studied the style and process of Mons. Pasteur’s Hydrophobia Cure. In 1886 he returned to Bombay. Notwithstanding his wide practice, Dr. D’Monte finds time to devote to the municipal affairs of both Bandora and Bombay. He was elected to a seat in the Bandora Municipality, and also occupies a seat on the Bombay Municipal Corporation. He is a Trustee of the Bombay Deaf and Dumb Institution and of the Albless Leper Home. It will be remembered how ably Dr. D’Monte fought for his constituents in the Mahim Ward, when, against great odds, he urged, on sanitary grounds, the imperative necessity of preventing sand-qarries being dug in the district of Mahim. He certainly made his mark on that occasion over the discussion. Dr. D’Monte was practically rewarded for the interest he displayed in the social, religious and educational movements of the day, for he was created a Justice of the Peace for the Town and Island of Bombay by Lord Raey’s Government, was elected by the members of his own community one of the Vice-Presidents of the Bombay Fast Indian Association, and was chosen as President of the Trustees of Antonio De Silva’s School. He is also a Fellow of the Bombay University. During the plague epidemics Dr. D’Monte labored incessantly in the interest of the scourge-stricken people. At his own cost he rented a large house to accommo- date the patients, for which he was thanked by Government in a special Government Resolu- tion. A reference to the plague records willshow that he sacrificed his time and his profes- sional practice and stuck to his post at the risk of his life. General Gatacre, Chairman of the Plague Committee, wrote of him: “I cannot speak too highly of the invaluable services rendered by Dr. D’ Monte, the Medical Officer in charge of the Bandora Slaughter House. He refused the pecuniary remuneration offered to him by the Plague Committee, and gave, during the outbreak, well nigh his whole time to the work of attending to the sick and in house-to-house visitation. This meant to him not only a large monetary loss but also the loss of many clients for some time to come at least. His labors from first to last are beyond all praise, and I would beg to strongly recommend him to the favorable notice of the Plague Committee.” Dr. D’Monte now holds the position of Vice-President of the Bandora Municipality. (121) Dri. DA DMosr MT.) ] P Dolatrama Kirparama Pandya, Esquire, Dewan of Lunawada. Mr. Dolatram was born at Nadiad in 1856. His father was a highly respectable merchant and a gentleman of considerable ability and resource who took great pains with the education of his sons. Mr. Dolatram, who showed signs of great natural ability, was educated at the Nadiad High School, and then at the Elphinstone College, where he was one of the favorite pupils of Dr. Wordsworth. Owing to the premature death of his father, Mr. Dolatram was compelled to leave the college to undertake the responsible and multifarious duties of a landlord and a merchant at an age when theorizing and dreaming of the future is more attractive than the dry-as-dust and prosaic matters of everyday life. Shortly after his entrance into a new sphere of life, Mr. Dolatram donated to Nadiad a building called ‘The Kirparan Hall,’’ to be used as a lecture hall and library, in memory of his father. The thoughtful and liberal gift was greatly appreciated by the people of Nadiad who had suffered for many years from the want of such a building, and in addition the memory of an admirable man was worthily perpetuated. Mr. Dolatram was appointed a member of the Nadiad City Municipality, and during his membership he worked with such earnestness and zeal as to elicit honorable mention from the late Dr. Hewlett, the late Mr. Cooke and Gov- ernment. But Mr. Dolatram’s energies were not limited to the narrow circle of a local municipal corporation and his desire to give the benefit of his educational advantages to his fellow-countrymen led him to the realms of literature. ‘‘Indrajit Vadh,’’ an epic poem in the Sanscrit classical style and the first of its kind in the modern Gujarati literature, and ‘‘Kusumavali,’’ a novel, written on the model of Sanscrit prose fiction, stand forth promi- nently as works worthy to be read and studied. His criticisms in the ‘‘Budhiprakash,’’ and his edition of the life of Swaminarayan, called ‘‘Bhaktachinta-Mani,’’ will well repay perusal. No less an authority than Mr. Shepherd, the late Commissioner Northern Division, has testified that Mr. Dolatram did credit to his education. Mr. Shepherd does not stand alone in his high estimation of Mr. Dolatram’s abilities, but officers like Messrs. R. M. Kennedy and J. W. Weir and the late Mr. Cooke, also entertained a high opinion of his talents. Mr. Dolatram was appointed by Government an Honorary Second-class Magistrate, and the voters of Nadiad elected him as their representative to the Municipality. The Municipal Commissioners elected him as their representative in the Taluka Local Board and that Board, in its turn, elected him as their representative for the District Board. Mr. Dolatram’s honesty of purpose and disinterested devotion to public duties, it will be seen, earned for him the confidence of Government as well as of the rural and the urban popula- tion of his native district. These traits of character stood Mr. Dolatram in good stead when he was called upon to undertake the responsible duties of the Dewan of Lunawada State in the Rewakantha Agency. In this capacity he has the entire confidence of His Highness the Maharajah of Lunawada, the Political Agency, and the subjects of the State. At the beginning of his new career, Mr. Dolatram was confronted with an intricate boundary question which had been pending for more than twenty years. He won the case for his State and secured the high opinion of Major Bignell, who testified to his honesty and ability and said that ‘‘it was not often that he had met one who acted so fairly and straightforwardly as Mr. Dolatram.’’ Mr. H. T. Ommaney also entertained a high opinion of him and fully recognized his faithfulness and devotion. Dr. Pollen, who succeeded Mr. Ommaney as the Political Agent of the Rewakantha Agency also thought it proper to speak of Mr. Dolatram as ‘‘the able and far-seeing Dewan who deserved credit for his energy and faithful service and who was proving his fitness for a wider sphere of usefulness.’’ Mr. Dolatram’s truth- fulness and trustworthiness were also acknowledged by this officer. Administration reports and public utterances of Government officials, including Mr. Reid, bear witness in unmis- takable terms to the high reputation which Mr. Dolatram enjoys as Dewan of Lunawada. It is not alone in the circle of Government officials that Mr. Dolatram has secured high appreciation of his character. The chiefs with whom he has come in contact are also keenly alive to Mr. Dolatram’s good qualities, and have invariably shown their good-will toward, and confidence in, him. As far back as 1891, His Highness the late Maharajah of Rutlam, Sir Ranjitsinghji, offered Mr. Dolatram the vacant place of Dewan to his State, and tempting though the offer was, Mr. Dolatram refused to accept it on the ground of some important State business at Lunawada, which he did not care to leave unfinished. He thus proved his loyalty to his employer by the sacrifice which he made, and has thus earned for himself the respectful consideration of every high-minded man in the community. In 1893, Mr. Dolatram was asked to accept the Dewanship of Dungarpur by His Highness Maha Ravalji Shri Udayasinhaji, but this offer was also refused by Mr. Dolatram on equally high-minded con- siderations. The reforms initiated and carried out by Mr. Dolatram in the Lunawada State have been so beneficent that the subjects of Lunawada, in public meeting assembled, testified their confidence and love.for him. The Commissioner, Mr. Reid, and the Political Agent, Dr. Pollen, were present on this occasion. In municipal matters his introduction of the system of voluntary subscriptions in the place of new taxations has been successful, equally as regards the revenues of the Municipality and the satisfaction of the people, and a shrewd observer like Dr. Pollen has expressed a wish and a hope that the same system could be initiated in other States with equal profit. Mr. Dolatram is descended from a noble family, and is the worthy son of a worthy father, whose public spirit has been acknowledged and whose genuine worth has been testified to by the Hon. Lionel Ashburner. Mr. Dolatram belongs to the rising and progressive men of India, combining, with honesty of purpose and nobility of character, a catholic, broad-minded desire for the advancement of the people of his native land. (122) DorATRAMA KIRPARAMA PANDYA, ESQUIRE, DEWAN OF LLUNAWADA. Sirdar Khan Bahadur Dorabjee Pudumjee, President of the Poona Municipality. Khan Bahadur Dorabjee Pudumjee is the head of a well-known Parsee family of great repute at Poona. He inherits, in a marked degree, the ability and industry of his grand- father, who founded the family at Poona over seventy-five years ago, and also that of his father, the late Sirdar Khan Bahadur Pudumjee Pestonjee. The qualities so inherited, having been developed by a sound English education, have made his name well known throughout the length and breadth of the Indian Empire. ‘He was born at Poona on the twenty-fourth of December, 1836, and studied at the Poona College, where he was a favorite pupil of Sir Edwin Arnold, K. C. I. E. He passed with credit the junior and senior exami- nations, comprising studies equal to the present B. A., and M. A. tests. Mr. Dorabjee is also an eminent linguist, being thoroughly conversant with English, Mahrathi, Guzarati, Persian and Hindustani. Some of his leisure hours have also been devoted to the study of French. The ‘‘careful and scholastic style’ of his English papers was remarked, even at college, and his present command of that language is admirable. His knowledge of Mahrathi has frequently been a matter of admiration. He has also acquired proficiency in mathematics and natural science. Mr. Dorabjee became proficient in photography at a time when the art was in its infancy in India. He obtained a silver cup and an album from the Amateur Photographic Society of London and two medals at Indian exhibitions for his photographs. He owns a large and valuable collection of negatives which ‘‘exhibited decided artistic ability’’ and would do credit to any master of the art. He is a capable billiard player, having won a prize cue at a tournament in Bombay. He is widely known as the one time ‘‘champion shot’ of India, having won his spurs in 1877 by gaining the championship gold medal of the Western India Rifle Association, and as its honorary secretary since 1881, he has succeeded in improving its position materially. He won the Governor’s Cup in 1879, and also the Viceroy’s Cup in 1882, when he made the hitherto unequalled score of 147 out of a possible 150 at 800, goo and 1000 yards, thus establishing his reputation as the champion rifle shot of India. He has won nine cups and twelve medals, including one from the National Rifle Association of the United Kingdom. The invention and successful use by him of an anemometer bear witness to his thorough grasp of the principles of rifle shooting. He has paid homage to the Muses and has put his knowledge of the science of music to practical use by constructing organ rollers, which have been much admired by all who have seen or heard them. Mr. Dorabjee is well known for his simplicity and suavity of manner and exemplary character. He started and is the moving spirit in several industries in and about Poona. He was the first to introduce a paper mill into Western India; he established a bank, an ice factory and a cotton mill. In all these works he has brought to bear those characteristics which are the sure passports to success. He has devoted all his energy to the improvement and advancement of his birth- place. For eleven consecutive years from 1874 he was Municipal Commissioner, during which time he exhibited remarkable independence and ability, saving the public from heavy taxation on several occasions. Though appointed by Government he had the people’s interests ever at heart. When, in 1884, the great and good Lord Ripon conferred upon India the boon of local municipal self-government, Mr. Dorabjee’s services for the public cause were rewarded by his being elected Chairman of the Managing Committee. In 1886 he was elected President of the Poona Municipality by the Municipal Commissioners of the city—who are mainly Hindoos—to the exclusion of other candidates of their own com- munity; which speaks volumes in favor of his integrity and popularity. He had the rare distinction of being re-elected President and of holding that honorable position since that date, during which time he has directed the steps of the infant municipality with rare ability and discretion and saved it from coming to grief through hasty or ill-considered actions. On the departure of Lord Ripon, Mr. Dorabjee was the only Parsee from the Mofussil who had the honor of presenting the departing ruler with an address. This he did on behalf of all the municipalities of the Poona district. In 1895, Mr. Dorabjee obtained from Government the honor of a seat in the Legislative Council of the Bombay Presidency. His selection was hailed by the press with a chorus of approbation, and as a member of that body he has shown energy and independence. Government rewarded his long public services by creating him a first-class Sirdar of the Deccan in 1894, and by conferring on him, in 1895, the title of Khan Bahadur as a personal distinction. (123) SIRDAR KHAN BAHADUR, DORABJEE PUDUMJEE. The Late Dost Mahomed Allana, Esq., J. P. As is wells known, the plague, which has raged in the city of Bombay since 1896, has claimed its victims from the palace of the great as well as from the hovels of the poor, and among the few who succumbed to the scourge in the upper classes was one of the most popular members of the Khoja Community—Mr. Dost Mahomed Allana. He was the youngest of three brothers, all representative men of their class. They were, moreover, all partners in the well-known firm of Khoja merchants, Messrs. Allana, Munji & Co. Messrs. Rehemoobhoy and and Goolam Hussein were the other partners, and the firm were agents for the Indo-China Mill. The deceased, early in life, evinced a predilection for mercantile pursuits for which he soon manifested a marked aptitude, and this trait continued to the last. Mr. Dost Mahomed showed a keen interest in public movements, and was an active worker when once he had taken anything in hand. His charities were always unostentatiously dispensed. He was a Municipal Councillor, representing the rate-payers of ‘‘B’’ Ward, in Bombay. Asa member of the Plague Committee of Mandvi Ward, where plague has raged from the first—in fact the birthplace of the plague in the city—he did his work unflinchingly and cheerfully. As a member of the Mill-Owners’ Association, he took deep interest in every- thing relating to the Mill Industry. In 1898 the Government of Bombay were pleased to make Mr. Dost Mahomed a Justice of the Peace. A man of warm and generous nature, affable and gentle, he was a universal favorite in society. He always appeared to enjoy a robust constitution, so that his sudden death took the public completely by surprise. On Saturday, the twenty-fifth of March, 1899, he attended the opening ceremony of the new Masonic Hall, and then joined several brethren of the Craft at a dinner in the Grand Hotel. The next morning he went to his mill at Sewree, apparently in his usual health. On his return to his office at Khoja Mohlla he was taken ill, and went to his residence at Warden Road, Breach Candy. Drs. Childe and Gama, who attended him, at once pronounced the case to be one of plague. He passed away on the night of the twenty-eighth of March, at the age of thirty-one only, leaving a widow and a young family, comprising a son and three daughters. Mr. Rehemoobhoy Allana, the present head of the family, and Mr. Goolam Hussein Allana, lost in their youngest brother their right-hand man. Mr. Rehemoobhy, who is a Justice of the Peace, was several years ago a Municipal Councillor. He is a man of retiring disposition, but, owing to failing health, he has for some years past led a ‘more or less retired life, and consequently is not so well-known publicly as his virtues would suggest. Mr. Goolam Hussein has for some years represented the rate-payers of *“ B’’ Ward in the Municipal Corpora- tion. Mr. Rehemoobhoy is a gentleman of a philanthropic turn of mind, and takes a keen interest in the welfare of both his own community and the general public. (124) THE LATE Dost MAHOMED ALLANA, Eso., J. P. Dwarkadas Vussonji, Esquire. The subject of this sketch was one of those quiet, resolute and practical men to whom Bombay owes so much of its wealth and commercial prosperity. Mr. Dwarkadas Vassonji began life with an abundance of wealth and at the very threshold of his career found himself in the position of an important employer of labor and placed over large numbers of his fellow-men with power to make or mar the happiness, not only of himself, but of those over whose fortunes he was called upon to watch. Mr. Dwarkadas, during a comparatively short but well spent life, steadily maintained his position as one of the richest men in Bombay and discharged the obligations of his station with a dignity that made his name much respected in different parts of the Western Presidency and more especially in the capital. As an illustration of the maxim noblesse oblige, Mr. Dwarkadas deserves a place in ‘‘Repre- sentative Men of the Bombay Presidency.’’ Mr. Dwarkadas was born in 1853, and was only ten years of age when the position of head of the wealthy and enterprising native firm of Messrs. Jivraj Baloo & Company, a rich and highly respected Bhatia house in Bombay, de- volved upon him. The firm claims to be nearly a century old, and is one of the most sub- stantial in Bombay. During Mr. Dwarkadas’ minority the affairs of the firm were well and wisely guided by his maternal uncle, the late Mr. Goculdas Teizpal, with the advice of Sir Jamsetjee Jeejeebhoy, Bart. Under such able management the firm prospered and when Mr. Dwarkadas took the helm he found himself in possession of a business of large proportions with great possibilities of development. Mr. Dwarkadas’ life was devoted to the consolida- tion and extension of the firm’s business. The years of constant and unwearied attention coupled with his natural and acquired business ability which he devoted to the firm’s affairs, were of immense benefit to the business and made an enormous addition to Mr. Dwarkadas’ fortune. In 1865, the firm of Jivraj Baloo & Co. safely passed through a critical time, for the sudden close of the American war and the consequent fall of the cotton market resulted in losses, in consequence of which many less fortunate native firms than Jivraj Baloo & Co. succumbed. After the events of that year the firm turned their attention to the promotion of the mill industry. In 1871, Mr. Dwarkadas started the Jivraj Baloo Mills, situated at Tardeo. The marked success which attended this enterprise emboldened him, in 1874, to erect another mill which he named after Khatao Makanji, who was one of the most energetic partners of the firm of Jivraj Baloo & Co. Thus, during Mr. Dwarkadas’ regime the mill business, com- menced in 1865, received an extension which, at that time, was not contemplated even by the most sanguine of the friends and constituents of the firm. While thus the commercial and industrial interests lay nearest to Mr. Dwarkadas’ heart, he had other interests as well, which, if not so engrossing, were none the less real to him. He remained all his life a quiet but unflinching, consistent and courageous social reformer. Mr. Dwarkadas was, indeed, very far in advance of his community (the Bhatias) in his views on social questions. He was one of the very few men in his community who set their faces against the inqui- sitions and corrupt practices of their priesthood (the Valla Ocharya priests who claim to be incarnations of the God Vishnoo). In female education among the Hindus Mr. Dwarkadas took a deep interest, to which he gave practical expression by establishing and maintaining the Jivraj Baloo Girls’ School at his own expense. Mr. Dwarkadas was a great lover of art in all its forms and his immense wealth enabled him to freely satisfy his tastes in this direction. The imposing and palatial residence on the Napean Sea Face, which is known to the residents of Bombay as the ‘‘Dariar Mehill,’’ or the Sea Palace, cost Mr. Dwarkadas five lacs of rupees for its erection only. He adorned this beautiful mansion with the choicest treasures of art and curios and his tastes led him to form a museum of which the unique collection of gems, including the famous Saney diamond, is the most charac- teristic feature. This palatial building, with its varied treasures of natural and artificial beauty, is now in possession of Mr. Dwarkadas’ second son, Mr. Naranji, who is doing much to maintain his father’s reputation for benevolent and useful citizenship. Mr. Dwar- kadas was a man of large heart and very broad sympathies. The stream of his charity flowed copiously and in manifold channels, and when, on the fifteenth of November, 1880, he died, at the early age of forty-five, not only the mercantile community, but also the wider circle of the public of Bombay mourned the loss of this noble-hearted millionaire who, for years, had been a power for good to those in whose midst he lived and worked. (35) 125 DwARKADAS VussoNj1, ESQUIRE. Dustoor Eduljee Bymunjee. Mr. Eduljee Bymunjee Dustoor was a scion of the highly-respected and influential Dustoor family of Poona. His uncle, Dustoor Nosherwanjee Jamaspjee, the High Priest of the Parsees in the Deccan and Malwa, was accorded the title of Khan Bahadur, by the British Government, for his distinguished services during the Mutiny. He also enjoyed the rank of a first-class Sirdar in the Deccan. Mr. Eduljee’s father, Dustoor Byramjee Jamaspjee, C. I. E., is a retired officer of Berar, where he was an Assistant Conmissioner, and where he was universally es- teemed as an able and popular Government Official. Mr. Eduljee was born in Poona on the fourth of March, 1854. After a thorough sacerdotal training under his uncle, Dustoor Nosher- wanjee, and having qualified for the priestly profession, by having obtained the Navar and Maratab degree in Navsari, the headquarters of the Parsee priesthood in Guzerat, he commenced his early secular studies in the Akola High School, and subsequently finished his education in the Proprietary School, Bombay. He joined the public services in Berar, on the first of July, 1876, as an attaché to the Resident at Hyderabad (Deccan), to which post he was appointed by the Government of India on the recommendation of the then Resident, Sir Richard Meade. Hav- ing passed the Lower and Higher Standard Departmental Examinations he entered government service, as a third-class Assistant Commissioner in 1886, and by degrees he rose to the highest rank to which he could aspire. From 1889 to 1875 he was an Assistant Cantonment Magistrate at Secunderabad. He was the first Parsee to obtain this appointment, and in addition to the important duties connected with this office, he discharged the functions of a District Judge and Superintendent of Jails. He was appointed Deputy Commissioner on the fourteenth of Octo- ber, 1895, and transferred to Berar as Joint Session Judge. After being appointed Deputy Com- missioner of the second class on the nineteenth of March, he took charge of the Akola District as Deputy Commissioner on the first of May, 1896, but a premature and sudden death put an end to his successful career on the twenty-eighth of May, 1896. At the time of his death arrangements had been completed for the loan of his services to the Government of H. H. the Nizam, under which government Mr. Eduljee would have occupied a very high and important post. Mr. Eduljee was an able and energetic officer, thoroughly conscientious in the discharge of his duties. He won golden opinions, both from his official superiors and the general public, by the efficient manner in which he performed his duties and by the amiability of his disposi- tion. His judicial experience was considerable, and his judgments were always regarded as sound and carefully thought out. In social intercourse he was so affable and unassuming that he had acquired a wide popularity with all with whom he came in contact, and it was owing to this popularity from the time he entered the Berar Commission till his death, that he was a member of the European Clubs at Akola and Amraoti and the Parsee Club and Buzum-e-Behram of Hyderabad and Poona. On his transfer from the post of Assistant Cantonment Magistrate at Secunderabad he received quite an ovation from the public. A large evening party was held at the Sultan Bagh in his honor, in which Hindus, Mohammedans, Europeans, and Parsees all cordially joined, and several dinners and entertainments were given to him by his numerous friends and admirers. The Secunderabad and Hyderabad railway stations were crowded on his departure, and he was liberally loaded with garlands and bouquets of flowers. The marks of respect shown on this occasion were surpassed by those exhibited when the mournful news of his death was announced. There was a wide-spread feeling of sorrow and regret wherever the de- ceased was known, and telegrams and letters of condolence came pouring in upon his aged father, each expressing a high opinion of the good qualities of head and heart possessed by Mr. Eduljee. Among those who offered their sympathy to the bereaved family were the Resident at Hydera- bad, the Prime Minister to H. H. the Nizam, Nawab Sir Asman Jah Bahadur, Sir Jamsetjee Jeejeebhoy, Bart.; Sir Dinshaw Petit, Bart., and other dignitaries and high officials of State. The funeral, which took place at Akola, was attended: by upward of five thousand people, officials and non-officials of all castes and creeds. All public offices and the shops in that town were closed for the day, and the Cantonment’s Magistrate’s Court at Secunderabad was closed when intimation of the sad event was received there. The friends and admirers of the de- ceased in Secunderabad and Hyderabad held a meeting to perpetuate his memory, and a large sum of money has already been subscribed for the purpose. Mr. Eduljee leaves behind him a young widow, who is a daughter of the late Dustoor Ruttonjee Jamaspjee, a distinguished officer, who had served in Berar and under H. H. the Nizam’s government. He also leaves two sons and four daughters, the eldest son being only about fourteen years of age. (126) DusToOR EDULJEE BYMUNJEE. Edulji Pallonji Lalcaca, Esq. EDULJI PALLONJI LALCACA was born in Bombay in 1840. He lost his mother when he was very young, and, as his father was then trading in China, young Edulji was sent to live with his uncle at Surat. As a youngster Mr. Edulji was exceedingly wayward, and consequently neglectful of his studies, but, having been sent to school at Ahmedabad later on, he made some advance in that direction, and acquired a fair knowledge of the Vernacular and English languages. In 1856 he returned to Bombay he left that academy and entered the service of the B. B. & C. I. Railway Company, and was sent to Itola on a salary of forty rupees a month. In 1859, however, he obtained a situation as librarian in the Fort Improvement Library, Bombay (now known as the J. N. Petit Institute) where he stayed for three years, when he left for Hongkong as an assistant in the well-known firm of N. Mody & Co. Upon the conclusion of a three-and- a-half years’ agreement with that firm he went to Shanghai and joined his cousin, Mr. C. D. Lalcaca, a broker doing business there. Here he stayed for many years, making periodical visits to Bombay, having in the meantime been able to lay by a comfortable competence. Some fortunate investments later on in landed property in Shanghai formed the nucleus for his present fortune, and enabled him to make several extended tours between China, Japan, India, Ceylon, etc. Altogether twenty-five years of his business life were spent in China, and the way in which he had settled down to business was a matter of no little astonishment to many who had known him in his young nomadic days. Mr. Lalcaca is simple in his habits, temperate in all things and very unassuming. He is a High Mason and a Past Master of his mother lodge, ‘ Royal Sussex,” E.C., at Shanghai, the members of which, on his laying down his robes of office, presented him with an address and a gold medal as a mark of their appreciation of and respect for his many good qualities. On his retirement from Shanghai, in 1897, Mr. Lalcaca received an address from the Indian merchants there also, testifying to their esteem for his personality and business characteristics. Mr. Lalcaca has had one child only, a daughter, but in 1880 he adopted as his son a boy nine years of age named Siavucs, who accompanied him in many of his periodical tours in the Kast. Mrs. Lalcaca, by the way, as the first Parsee lady of Bombay to visit Shanghai. She went there with her husband in 1880. and remained there until his retirement in 1897. and entered the Elphinstone High School. Two years later (127) EpuLjr PALLONJI LALCACA, Rao Bahadur Ellapa Balaram, J. P. Rao Bahadur Ellapa Balaram is a well-known citizen of Bombay and a leading member of the Telegu Community. As a building contractor he erected the new Secretariat, the new High Court, the University Clock Tower, the Bhandarwada Water Works and the Colaba Point North and South Batteries, besides several spinning and weaving mills, stations, roads, etc. For the construction of these he received testimonials from the various Royal Engineers and the Civil and Railway Engineers in charge. As Honorary Architect to the Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals he has rendered valuable services to that institution during the last fourteen years. In this connection he erected several additional buildings in the compound of Bai Sakarbai Dinshaw Petit’s Hospital for Animals, and he has, on several occa- sions, received the thanks of both the President of the Society and the Local Government. On the occasion of the receptions accorded to their Royal Highnesses, the late Prince Albert Victor and the Duke and Duchess of Cannaught, the honorary secretaries to the Recep- tion Committees expressed their satisfaction with the tact and ability with which Mr. Ellapa had carried out the work entrusted to him. He also received the thanks of His Excellency the Governor-General of India in 1884 for the same services. With his usual kindness and generosity Mr. Ellapa erected a public fountain and a water trough at a cost of Rs. 5,000, at Wari Bunder, and these he named after his worthy father. Rao Bahadur Ellapa Balaram is a representative of the rate-payers of “E’’ Ward in the Bombay Municipal Corporation, to which office he has been thrice elected by the rate-payers and once nominated by Government. He has specially interested himself in the education of the backward classes, by estab- lishing and supporting a private night school for workmen and children at Kamathipura. He was President of this Institution for more than ten years. He was one of the prime movers in the cause of female education in his own community, and he assisted in establishing and support- ing a girls’ school which is now under Government control. In 1875 a library called ‘The Telegu Library» was established, and to this he contributed a handsome sum, also providing it with newspapers, books and furniture. The Dyanwardak Sabha was started by him in 18753 for the promotion of useful knowledge among his community. Lectures are delivered at this Sahaba on educational and moral subjects in the Mahrathi language. During the last three years of plague, Rao Bahadur Ellapa Balaram has taken an active part in alleviating the sufferings of the people of all the Hindu Communities. He has visited the houses of the sick, removing them to the hospital, and has attended to the segregation and comforts of the ‘‘contacts.”” He was the first to establish the extensive health camp, on Forbes’ Road, known as the ‘Balaram Camp,” which is capable of accommodating from twelve to sixteen hundred people. He has also maintained the Telegu Plague Hospital ” for the last two years. For these and other services he was thanked by the Government, and the title of Rao Bahadur was also conferred on him. The public of Bombay have not been backward in appreciating the noble and philan- thropic services rendered by Rao Bahadur Ellapa Balaram in connection with the Famine and Plague in the Presidency. At a large meeting held at the Muzafar-a-Bad Baugh, and presided over by the Hon. Mr. Justice Govind Mahadev Ranade, he was publicly congratulated upon : having been the recipient of special honors by Government. (128) Rao BAADUR ELLAPA Bararawm, J. P. Tue LATE FraAMJEE DinsHAW PETIT, ESQ. (129) Mrs. FRAMJEE DiNnsHAw PETIT. The Late Framjee Dinshaw Petit, Esq. On August 8, 1895, Framjee Dinshaw Petit, the eldest son of Sir Dinshaw Manockjee Petit, Bart., passed away at Malabar Hill, Bombay. During his illness public prayers were offered in the fire-temples of Bombay, Gujerat and the Deccan, and had he been spared, it is safe to say that Sir Dinshaw would have given away lacs of rupees in charity, but Provi- dence ruled otherwise. The blow was a heavy one to the bereaved wife and family and to Sir Dinshaw. Mr. Framjee had endeared himself to all who knew him, so much so that five hundred of the leading members of the Parsee community paid a visit of condolence to Sir Dinshaw, and twenty thousand mill hands lined the Nepean Sea road as the funeral passed. He was heir to the colossal fortune of the Petits, as well as the baronetcy, but he would have been popular had he been a poor man and heir to no title. He was modest to a fault. He expressed himself in few words, and his benevolence was well known, though he sought to do good in secret, and never allowed his private charities to be talked about where he could prevent it. No needy man, to whatever caste or creed he belonged, ever applied to him for aid in vain. Though he had not received the benefits of higher education, he appreciated its advantages and never failed to encourage and extend a helping hand to those who worked for its advancement. He was an ardent advocate of female education and devoted a great deal of his time to it, although he had to transact the extensive business of his father’s firm. He was a hard worker, and with the exception of two long holidays enjoyed by him on tour to Europe and America, he was always to be found at his desk. He was conscientious in the discharge of his duties, and literally died in harness, for he regularly attended his office until he was well nigh incapacitated by an attack of fever. When Sir Dinshaw retired from active life, about four years ago, he left the management and the agency of his six mills, and his immense landed and other properties, to the care of Mr. Framjee and his younger brother, Mr. Bomanjee, and Mr. Framjee had, besides, to look after the two or three mills and other extensive properties of his late uncle and father-in-law, Mr. Nusserwanjee Man- ockjee Petit. Mr. Framjee had a thorough practical knowledge of the working of the spinning and weaving mills, which he, by his almost daily attendance at the mills, had acquired, and which he considerably enhanced by his visits to Europe, America, China and Japan, where he personally inspected the several manufactories and marked the difference between the working of the mills in Bombay, and in other parts of the world. Mr. Framjee has given the benefit of his experience in two Gujerati works in which he described his visits to different countries and in which he has ably and most clearly dealt with the question of the future of the mill industry in India, and its relation to similar industries in other parts of the world. The two works, which were published for private circulation, and of which some thousands of copies were distributed among his friends and acquaintances, clearly indicated that, while Mr. Framjee was enjoying his well-earned holiday in Europe and other parts of the world, he was not unmindful of the large interests entrusted to his care, and that he devoted a great deal of time to seeing and studying the latest improvements, which he introduced on his return, thereby benefiting his own firm and the shareholders of the mills. The two books, which are masterly productions of their kind, will forever remain a monument of Mr. Framjee’s ability and zeal for the improvement and furtherance of an industry which has so largely benefited India in general and Bombay in particular. As a practical man of business Mr. Framjee’s services as a member of the Port Trust and a director of the Bank of Bombay have been much appreciated. He lent the aid of his name and influence to the Parsee Death Benefit Association by accepting the post of chairman of that body, and took a keen interest in the business of the association, which is now placed on a satisfactory footing. As chairman of the Parsee Girls’ Schools Association and as a member of the committee of the Sir Jamsetjee Jeejeebhoy Parsee Benevolent Institution and the Victoria Jubilee Technical Institute, he rendered valuable assistance to the cause of education, and among his various engagements he did not omit the meetings of those bodies. Religious institutions also claimed his services, which he freely gave, and there is no public institution in Bombay which has not received the benefit of his advice and benevolence. Mr. Framjee took a keen interest in Freemasonry. He held a high office in the Grand Lodge of all Scottish Freemasonry in India, and the Provincial Grand Lodge. He occupied the chair of Lodge ‘Rising Star of Western India,’’ the first native lodge in India, and Lodge ‘‘Fastern Star.’ When Lodge ‘‘Rising Star’’ celebrated its jubilee about three years ago, Mr. Framjee was Master, and he spared neither money nor trouble to make the occasion a great success. He, on different occasions, gave large sums of money to the various lodges, and enriched their charity funds. Mr. Framjee built houses for the occupation of poor families of his community, and it was only a few months before his regretted death that His Excellency Lord Sandhurst laid the foundation-stone of another such building near Grant Road, Bombay. In all, his charities toward the establishment of libraries, schools and other works of utility amount to upward of two lacs of rupees (Rs. 2,00,000). Framroze Rustomjee Joshi, Esq., J. P. Mr. Framroze, Superintendent of the Government Central Press, Bombay, was born on the twenty-sixth of August, 1851. He matriculated from the Elphinstone Institution at the age of sixteen. His father, who was a Superintendent in the Revenue, Financial and General Departments of the Secretariat, intended to send him to England to compete for the Indian Civil Service, but an attack of paralysis having compelled his father to retire on a pension in 1867, the idea had to be abandoned, for Framroze was then obliged to seek employment. He entered the departments in which his father had served for nearly thirty years, and gradually rose until he became, in 1862, a Superintendent in the General Department on a salary of Rs. 400 per mensem. During his many years in the Secretariat he gained the good opinion of all the chief and under secretaries under whom he served. These included the late Mr. F. S. Chapman, the Hon. Messrs. E. W. Ravenscroft, H. E. M. James, T. D. Mackenzie, G. W. Vadal and, last but not least, the present senior Member of Council, the Hon. Mr. John Nugent. In his capacity of Superintendent of the General Department, Mr. Framroze was brought into daily touch with the work of the Government Central Press, and he thus acquired a considera- ble knowledge of printing, and he was, therefore, appointed by the Government of Lord Raey, in March, 1887, to act as superintendent of the press on the departure of the permanent incumbent, Mr. James Kingsmill, on furlough. Whilst he was acting superintendent, the Central Press passed through an ordeal unknown before. A Finance Commission having been appointed by the Government of India, with the object of curtailing expenditure in all depart- ments of the State, Mr. Framroze had to look minutely into the working of all the branches of the press, and he was thus able to offer certain suggestions in the direction of economy, which were accepted by Government. A question was, however, soon afterwards raised by the Lord Bishop of Bombay, on behalf of a private printing press known for maintaining orphan children of European and Eurasians in Bombay, as to whether the execution of the Govern- ment printing work might not be advantageously entrusted by contract to private printing establishments. This led to the appointment by the Government of a committee, consisting of Mr. (now Sir) Frank Forbes Adam, Mr. J. W. Orr and Mr. Framroze, to report on the whole question of the expediency of maintaining the Central Press. The two European members of the committee were in favor of its abolition, but Mr. Framroze, in a minute of dissent, made out such a strong case in favor of its retention that the Government could see no other way but to follow his advice. This gave to the Press a new lease of life. On Mr. Kingmill’s return from furlough, in October, 1888, Mr. Framroze reverted to his appointment in the Secre- tariat, but His Excellency Lord Raey was so much pleased with his work that he caused a letter to be addressed to him through his Private Secretary expressing his great satisfaction at the manner in which he had performed his duties as Superintendent for over eighteen months. On his reversion to the Secretariat Mr. Framroze was promoted to be Senior Superintend- ent, and was also appointed to act as Assistant Secretary to Government in the Revenue, Financial and General Departments for some time. On the retirement of Mr. Kingsmill, in May, 1891, the government of His Excellency Lord Harris appointed Mr. Framroze permanent superintendent of the Central Press. He has continued to hold the post since then until the present time, his pay being now 8oo rupees per month with free quarters, Mr. Framroze takes a lively interest in all matters connected with his own community, and also those affecting the service to which he belongs. He was instrumental in starting the Parsee Death Benefit Fund, which has about 6,000 members, and of the Managing and Work- ing Committees of which he has been successively elected a member. He has also been a member of the Managing Committee of the Bombay Uncovenanted Service Family Pension Fund since 1888, being now its chairman, and he has been a member of the Managing Committe of the Mutual Life Assurance Society, Limited, since 1893. Mr. Framroze was made a Justice of the Peace by the Government of Bombay in 1893, and he was appointed a Delegate of the Parsee Matrimonial Court in 1898. He is a distin- guished Freemason, having been Master of Lodge ‘‘Cyrus’’ in 1894-95 and President of the Board of General Purposes in 1895-96. (131) FRAMROZE RusToMJEE JosHI, Eso., J. P. ON. MR. GOKALDAS KAHANDAS PAREKH was born at Umreth, in the district of Kaira, on the twenty-fourth of January, 1847. He moved to Bombay, however, at an early age, and received his I education at the Goculdas Tejpal Mandvi Seminary, the Ganes- hawdi Anglo-Vernacular School and the Elphinstone Central School and College. He passed his B. A. examination in 1866, and took his LI. B. degree in 1870. In 1867 he became Mathematical Teacher and Second Assistant Master in the Surat High School, where he served for a year. He was then appointed Deputy Inspector, Bombay Gujarati Schools, which office he held till 1870. In January, 1871, he was appointed Head Master of the Alfred High School Mandvi and Educational Inspector of Schools in the Cutch State. His stay in Cutch, however, was short, for in June of that year he resigned his appointment and again became Deputy Inspector f of the Bombay Gujarati Schools. In 1871 he commenced to practice as a pleader on the Appellate Side of the High Court. In 1878 he went to Zanzibar to conduct a case for Vaghjee Korjee, a rich Bhatia merchant in the British Consular Court at Zanzibar. In 1879 he was engaged in the Surat Riot case, and in 1880 he was engaged in defending Prince Chandrasinghji of Chhota Oodeypore. He took an active part in founding an Anglo-Vernacular School at Umreth. He became a Fellow of the University of Bombay in 1880, and he was made a Justice of the Peace by Government. He was engaged in the Junagadh riot case, the Sagbara and Rajpipla Boundary disputes and several other important cases. He enjoys a lucrative practice in the Bombay High Court as well as in the Mofussil Courts. In 1897 he was elected to a seat on the Legislative Council by the Municipalities of the Northern Division of the Bombay Presidency, comprising the districts of Ahmedabad, Kaira, Panch Mahals, Broach, Surat and Thana, and in 189g the same constituency conferred upon him the same honor for the second time. (132) THE HoN. MR. GorALDAS KAHANDAS PAREKH, J. P. Seth Goverdhandas Goculdas Teizpal, J. P. The subject of our sketch is a scion of a great Bhattia family, who by their industry and shrewdness in business built up a large fortune. The family originally came from Cutch and has since been engaged in trade and manufacturing. Mr. Goverdhandas was born on the eleventh day of Chaitra Vadi of Samvat, 1923, the day being considered holy by the Hindoos. His natural father, Seth Dwarkadas Vasonjee, for he is the adopted son of the late Seth Goculdas Teizpal, whose name he now bears, was noted for his business abilities and gener- osity. He was a leading Sethia of his caste. The late Seth Goculdas Teizpal, J. P., having had no male child born to him, had, by his will, directed that the young son of Mr. Dwark- adas Vasonjee should be adopted by his widow. The late Seth Goculdas Teizpal, by his own exertions, amassed a fortune in trade and in the cotton business. He was very large-hearted and of a kind and humane disposition. He was also a reformer and advocate of female education. He was one of the first to appreciate the advantages of Western education, and, with these views, he established two Anglo-Vernacular schools for the diffusion of primary education amongst his countrymen. The breadth of his views is best illustrated by the various charities endowed by him, which include hospitals, schools, temples, dharamsallas, tanks and wells. But the best known of these are the Seth Goculdas Teizpal Hospital and a boarding-school, where poor students are enabled to acquire, free of charge, the benefits of higher education, the Sanskrit Pathshalla and the Goculdas Teizpal High School in Bombay. The funds of the various charities amount to nearly twenty lacs of rupees, and Mr. Goverd- handas has worthily upheld the illustrious name of his adopted father. After the death of - Seth Goculdas Teizpal, on the eighth day of Kartik Vadi of Samvat, 1924, his widow, Shama- vahoo, who is also known for her unassuming piety and benefactions, adopted Mr. Goverdhan- das according to her husband’s directions. Though orthodox herself, she has brought up her son as a reformer; a lover of education and a staunch supporter of the true Hindoo religion. His thread ceremony was performed on the thirteenth day of May, 1878, and he was married on the twenty-sixth of June, 1883. Mr. Goverdhandas is a prominent member of native society in Bombay, and a Justice of the Peace. He is well known for his liberal support to local institutions, educational as well as social. He was, for four years, a member of the Bombay Municipal Corporation, being chosen by the rate-payers of the Mandvi and Fort Wards. © He distinguished himself while a member of the Corporation by his firm and unwavering support of the rate-payers’ interest. His public spirit was shown by his suc- cessful opposition, at his own expense, to the illegal levy of the Halal-Khore Tax. His charitable disposition has been evinced in the foundation of various works of charity. He built a well costing 30,000 rupees at Jasalmere in Marwad, where the scarcity of water is particularly felt; a dharamsalla and a tank at Muttra, and a dharamsalla at Allahabad, at the aggregate cost of 1,75,000 rupees. The Goculdas Teizpal High School in Bombay, estab- lished in the name of his worthy father, was brought into existence mainly through his influence. His most importdnt acts of charity are, however, done in private. These, and other beneficent efforts for the amelioration of the condition of his countrymen, stamp him SETH GOVERDHANDAS GocuLpAs TErzeaL, J. P. as a public spirited and philanthropic gentleman, whose future career will be followed with interest by his fellow-citizens throughout Western India. (133) Rao Bahadur Gunesh Govind Gokhale. The ancestors of Rao Bahadur Gunesh Govind Gokhale were natives of Someshwar in the Ratnagiri district. His great-grandfather went to Poona during the reign of Peshwa Madhavrao I., and subsequently settled at Garada, a village near Poona. Mr. Gunesh is fifty-six years old, having been born at Garada in 1842. He began his English education in 1859, and npon completing his scholastic life, he went to Kathiawad in 1863 as a Boundary Surveyor under the Political Agency. After filling various positions he was made assistant to the Agency Engineer in 1867, and, on Government taking charge of the administration of Gondal State, after the death, in 1870, of the late Thakore Saheb, Mr. Gunesh was appointed State Engineer. While in the Gondal service Mr. Gunesh found ample opportunities to display his talents. He designed and constructed several important engineering works, and established his reputation as a successful civil engineer. Scarcely a year passed in which the Administrators of the State, and the Political Agents did not make high mention of Mr. Gunesh and his work in their annual administration reports to Government. One year in particular the Political Agent condemned the management of all other departments of the State excepting only that of the Public Works Department managed by Mr. Gunesh. The Political Agent wrote to Govern- ment as follows : ‘It is with great pleasure that I have from this unsatisfactory state of things to notice the progress made in the Public Works Department of the State. The substantial work detailed in paragraphs 26 and 27 of the Assistant’s report were carried out rapidly and econom- ically, and reflect great credit on the skill, industry and honesty of the State Engineer. Mr. Gunesh Govind, who has always deservedly possessed the confidence of all parties. The State is fortunate in possessing the services of a native officer of such high personal character, as it is due to him, mainly, that the ample resources of the State have been so efficiently invested in extensive works of public utility.” In some of the Government resolutions on the Political Agent’s reports, Mr Gunesh and his work have been very favorably noticed by Government. Mr. Gunesh’s works were inspected by five successive governors of Bombay, and on each occasion highly commended ; and in the speeches delivered during their Excellencies visits to the State, they made conspicuous men- tion of Mr. Gunesh and his work. Sir Richard Temple, whilst Governor of Bombay, went specially to inspect ‘‘ Peile Bridge’ over the Bhader near Dhorajee, which is the most itnportant of Mr. Gunesh's works, and which cost over two and a quarter lakhs of rupees. After minute inspection His Excellency expressed himself agreeably surprised to find that such important work had been carried out so ably by a native. His Excellency said, ‘I never saw such important work carried out so successfully by a native engineer without assistance or advice from Europeans.” During the time in which Mr. Gunesh was in the Gondal State service, he received various offers from different States, amongst others from Rewa, Palanpur Agency, Bhawnagar, Kathiawad Agency Engineers, Junagadh, Bhuj Kholapur, Baroda and Indore, but in almost every instance the Administrators of Gondal and the Political Agents in Kathiawad would not allow him to accept the offers and leave Gondal, as it was well known it would be impossible to replace him. These offers of employment show that Mr. Gunesh’s reputation as a successful engineer was well known outside of Kathiawad. Mr. Gunesh was president of the Gondal Municipality for thirteen years, and, as such, made himself very popular with all classes. At his suggestion an infirmary was started in Gondal by His Highness the Thakore Saheb, and Mr. Gunesh, during his sojourn there, took great interest in its management. He is interested in agri-horticultural matters and is responsible for an excellent botanical garden in Gondal. (134) RAO BAHADUR GUNESH GOVIND GOKHALE. He also started an experimental farm and an agricuitural class at Gondal, which were conducted under his supervision. Mr. Gunesh is the author of several books on gardening and agricul- ture. These books are in the Gujarati and Marathi languages, and are considered standard works. The following extract from a letter from the late Col. H. L. Nutt, of the Political Department, to the late Hon. Mr. J. U. Yajnik will show Mr. Gunesh’s value as an agri-horti- culturist : ‘I have had the pleasure of Rao Bahadur Gunesh Govind Gokhale’s acquaintance for many years, and have ever found him a true friend of agriculture. When I was at Gondal, in 1884-85, he rendered me the greatest assistance in getting up and carrying out an agricul- tural show which was a great success. He was then the State Engineer, but so fond was he of botanical pursuits and so keen an interest did he take in all matters pertaining to the welfare of the roots and the cultivation of the soil that he accepted the responsible charge of the public gardens of the State including the beautiful Kylas Bag at Gondal itself. I say beautiful, but I should add that it was he who made it so, as before he took charge it was an ordinary Durban garden with nothing special to notice in it. His genius and energy turned it into fairy land and it speedily became famous as a regular botanical garden, in which was to be found endless varieties of rare and interesting flowers and shrubs, many of which had never been seen in Kathiawad before. His enthusiasm was ever increasing and he succeeded in inspiring others with a portion of it. He started an experimental farm and an agricultural class for students, and much good resulted from the practical teaching obtained by those who visited the farm and attended the lectures. I was much struck with the thorough manner in which the Rao Bahadur went about his work. Indoors and out of doors he did not spare himself. He got all the books he could find on the subject and he read them carefully. Then he undertook his experiments in the field and did not rest until he had discovered whether the thing could be done or not. It was a sad day for Gondal’s agricultural interests when he left, as such men are rare and cannot often be replaced. Would there were more such men in India !”’ The Government of India has marked its sense of appreciation of Mr. Gunesh’s services to Gondal during the time the State was vnder British administration by conferring on him the title of Rao Bahadur, as a personal distinction and Sanad of the Rao Bahadurship was presented by Sir James Fergusson, Bart., the then Governor of Bombay, in a Durbar, together with a rich dress of honor during His Excellency’s visit to Gondal in 1884. Owing to failing health Rao Bahadur Gunesh retired from the Gondal service in June, 1890, and in appreciation of the excellent services rendered by him to the State, His Highness the Thakore Saheb, as a special case, bestowed on him a befitting pension. Before leaving Gondal, the Gondal people gave him a series of entertainments and presented congratulatory addresses. After resigning the Gondal service the Rao Bahadur settled in Poona. Shortly after his arrival in Poona he was nominated a Municipal Commissioner for the city of Poona, and he took great interest in municipal matters. He was also appointed an Honorary Magistrate, and has been thanked by the Government on several occasions for the satisfactory work he has done as a magistrate. He was lately appointed a member of the District Local Board of Poona. He owns lands near Poona and spends his leisure hours in improving the same. Thus he passed his time most happily, making himself useful to the public and Government alike. Rao Bahadur Gunesh was not trained in any engineering school or college. After receiving only a scanty English education he went to Kathiawad as an unskilled officer and returned bearing the love and gratitude of the people amongst whom he worked for twenty- seven years, and at the same time having won the regard and esteem of the Paramount Power. It may truly be said that the Bombay Presidency has produced but few men of more sterling worth than Rao Bahadur Gunesh Govind Gokhale. (135) Khan Bahadur Hakim Mahomed Dayam, J. P. Khan Bahadur Dayam is the son of Mr. Hakim Abdoola Shah, once a leading doctor (hakim) in Bombay, with an extensive practice, by virtue of which his name carried great weight amongst the Mahomedans. - He was also highly respected for the Persian and Arabic scholarships that he secured, besides being regarded as an exceedingly proficient medical man. Mr. Dayam received his early education in Ordena] languages from his father, as well as from Mr. Hakim Baker, the renowned hakim of Bombay. The Moulvis, Hakims, and educated Mahomedans recognized his scholastic attainments as well as his knowledge of medicine, and at a public meeting gave him a certificate of proficiency. Mr. Dyam’s charitable nature made him exceedingly popular amongst the Mahomedans. It was due to the respect in which he was held by his community that he was able to render valuable services to the British Government at the time of the Hindu-Mahomedan riots in Bom- bay in 1893. He provided lodgings for the homeless, and distributed rice, bread and other eatables amongst the poor, and this he did irrespecive of caste or creed. He assisted the authori- ties by soothing the irritation between the two communities, and the Bombay Government showed that they appreciated his services by making him a Justice of the Peace for the Town and Island of Bombay. When the plague broke out Mr. Dayam promptly volunteered his services in response to His Excellency’s call, and he was appointed a special plague authority in his ward. He sat as a member of the Grievance Committee, and he erected huts at his own expense for people suffer- ing from the plague. He rendered excellent services to General Gatacre and Sir John Campbell, the heads of the Plague Administration, and his name was most favorably mentioned among those who had rendered valuable assistance. In consideration of these services Mr. Dayam was made Chairman of the First and Second Nagpada Plague Volunteer Committees. In other divisions the district officers had to reward the informants for reporting plague cases, but in his ward he bore all the expenses himself. The Khan Bahadur Dayam supports poor Mahomedan students, and distributes grain and clothing amongst poor widows and indigent families, and he has always done his share 1 bearing the expense of burying the poor of his community. In recognition of the many appreciable services that he rendered during the last epidemic, Government conferred on him the title of Khan Bahadur, the distinction being personally presented to him by His Excellency Lord Sandhurst in open durbar in February, 1899. KBaAN BAHADUR HAKIM MAHOMED Davauwm, J. P. ( 136) Mr. Haridas Viharidas Desai, Eldest Son of Rao Bahadur Desai Viharidas Ajubhai of Nariad. The family claims descent from the Kshatriya dynasty which reigned over the Punjab in the time of Alexander the Great. It subsequently migrated to Mathura, Jeypore, Ujjain (where one of its members is said to have been appointed Diwdn) Ad4laj, Somn4tk Pattan, Singsur, Anhilvdra Pattan, Mehmad4b4d, and finally Nari4dd, where they arrived in A. D. 1429. Nérand4s, the tenth in ascent from Mr. Harid4s, was summoned to the Court of the Mogul Emperor Aurangzeb, and received from him the title of Desai, with a rich Sirp4o (head-dress of honor), and a P4Alkhi. VAghjibh4i, fourth in descent from N4rand4s, rendered valuable services both to the Peshw4 and to the Gdekwar; he also played an important part in a 2 Sa SIRE CR BAY HARIDAS VIHARIDAS DESAI, Eso. the reconciliation effected between these powers after the battle of Adas in 1775. For this he received in indm (or feudal grant) the village of Bilodr4, which the family enjoyed up to 1816, and a P4lkhi. Prabhudds, the grandson of VAghjibhdi, largely assisted Colonel Walker, the first British resident in Gujarat, in drawing up the treaties made by the British Government with the Mehwasi Thikurs—the robber chieftains of the Mahik4dnth4d and Rewdkanthi districts. In 1806 he received the grant of a P4lkhi in indm from the British Government. Desai Prabhud4s’ grandson was Desdi Vih4ridds Ajubhai, who rendered important services to the British Government at the time of the Indian Mutiny of 1857. He was subsequently nominated a member of the commission appointed®by Government to settle the famous Kothiakhdd boundary dispute, over which much blood had been spilt. He was member of the Vatan (Hereditary Office) Commission and an Honorary Second Class Magis- trate. In 1877 he was invited by Government to the Imperial Assemblage at Delhi, where he received the title of R4o Bahddur. He left five sons (1) Mr. Haridds, (2) Mr. Mangaldés, (3) Sardir R4o Bahddur Behechardas, (4) Mr. Purushottamdés, and (5) Mr. Gopaldas. Of these, the eldest, Mr. Harid4s, was born on July 29, 1840, and was educated at Ahmedabad and Nari4dd. In 1864 he was appointed member of the Local Fund Committee of Mehmed4bad. In 1865-66 he undertook a journey to Madrds and Trichinopoly, in order to study the tobacco industry there, and apply the knowledge so gained in manufacturing for the Indian and European markets the well-known ‘‘ Charotar” tobacco of Gujarat. In 1867 he was appointed Municipal Commissioner at Naridd, and in 1870 Nydyadhish at Bh4vnagar, in K4thidwAr, during the joint administration of that State by Mr. E. H. Percival, C. S., and the well-known statesman, Mr. Gaurishankar Ojh4. In this, his first really important post, he gave entire satisfaction by his great ability, his high integrity, and his high sense of justice. In 1876 he was entrusted by Government with the administration of the Wadhwéan State during the minority of the late Thikur Siheb Daji R4j, Mr. (now Sir) J. B. Peile being then In 1881, when the Thakur Siheb himself assumed the reins of Government, Mr. Harid4s was appointed by Government administrator of the Wankaner State. In 1882 he was appointed Diwén of the Idar State (M4hikdnthd), and in September 1883, His Highness, the Nawdb Siheb, of Junédgadh, selected him as his Diwdn. His administration of more than a decade in Jundgadh was marked by the most important reforms political agent in Kathiawad. in every department of the State. One of the greatest works he carried out was the construction of a railway joining the capital town, Jundgadh, with Verdwal, the principal port, and connecting both with the great railway system of India. From the praise bestowed on him by successive political agents of Kathidwad in their annual reports it is evident that they fully appreciated the ability and integrity with which he discharged his responsible He was held in the highest esteem by his own master, the Nawab Saheb, and the respect the British Government had for him may be judged from the fact that, while on one duties. year’s leave from Jundgadh, he was appointed by Her Majesty, the Queen, to be a member of the Royal Opium Commission. On the completion of the work of the Commission he rejoined his post at Jundgadh, but retired soon after, intending to pass the remaining years of his life in the contemplation of God. He had hardly, however, begun to enjoy his After a short illness he During his long career well-earned repose, when he was suddenly cut off in his prime. peacefully expired at his native place, Naridd, on June 17, 1895. of twenty-five years in K4thidwadd he came in contact with many native Princes, and many officers and gentlemen, both European and native. These, and indeed all who ever knew him, admired his talents, respected his character, and revere his memory. Sardar Rao Bahadur Behechardas Viharidas Desai. Sardér Rio Bahddur Behechardas Vihdridds Desdi, third son of R4o Bahddur Desai Vih4rid4ds Ajubhai, of Naridd, was born at that place on February 20, 1844. He was educated at Ahmed4b4d and Naridd. In 1867 he was appointed member of the Local Board of Anand, and subsequently became member and President of the Naridd Municipality. He was the (137) prime mover of the Agricultural Committee established at Nari4d in 1878, and took a leading part in the different agricultural exhibitions held there since 1883. He opened a factory at Nari4d for manufacturing cigars and cigarettes for the European and the Indian markets, from the well-known ‘‘ Charotar”’ tobacco of Gujarat. The keen interest that he evinced in the development of the agricultural resources of his native province was properly appreciated by Government, who first appointed him Honorary Magistrate, and then, in 1887, bestowed upon him the title of Rdo Bahadur. In 1888 he was elected to the honorable post of Member of the Legislative Council of Bombay, and in the same year the title of ‘‘Sard4r’’ was conferred upon him by the Viceroy. In 1893, after the untimely death of his lamented elder brother, Mr. Harid4s, the late Prime Minister of Jundgadh, Mr. Behechardis was chosen by SARDAR RAO BAHADUR BEHECHARDAS VIHARIDAS DESAI His Highness, the Nawdb Saheb, for the same high appointment, which he still holds. It is sufficient to say that he conducts the arduous duties of his position to the entire satisfaction alike of Prince and people, and is universally considered (what he himself would regard as Of the remaining three brothers, Desdi Mangaldds Vihdridas was for a long time in hereditary the praise to be most desired) a worthy successor of his beloved and revered brother. Government Service in the Kaira District, and also served as Assistant Revenue Commissioner His Desai Purushottamdés in Cutch. His delicate health obliged him fourteen years ago to retire from the service. son, Des4i Girdhardds Mangald4s, is now Karbhari of the Lathi State. Vih4rid4s is vice-president of the Naridd Municipality, and Desdi Gopaldas Viharidés is Assistant Revenue Commissioner at Bhavnagar. The Late Rao Bahadur Hari Raojee Chiplunkar. The subject of this sketch was born in 1841 at Chiploon in the Ratnagiri district. His parents were not in affluent circumstances, but enjoyed a high reputation for respectability. While still young the children had the misfortune to lose their father, but Narayenrao, Hari Raojee’s elder brother, who had always evinced signs of superior intelligence and shrewdness, devoted himself to the support of the family and his own and his younger brother’s education. he was, however, soon relieved of the responsibility of bringing up Hari Raojee, for, in 1860, the latter was taken to Poona by Bholagir Mangir Bava, an influential and rich Gosavi of that place, and a friend who took great interest in the education and general welfare of the lad, subsequently giving him his only daughter in marriage and admitting him into business relations with himself. Bholagir Bava was a shrewd, farseeing man of business, who was never satisfied with leaving anything to others which he could do himself. His advice was always highly valued, and consequently was eagerly sought for by his friends and acquaintances. Hari Raojee, being gifted with intelligence, and having acquired a sound education, very soon mastered the details of the business, and by discharging his duties carefully and to the satisfaction of his father-in-law, he quickiy gained his confidence. When continued ill- health prevented Bholagir Bava from attending to his usual duties, the whole burden and responsibility fell on Hari Raojee, who was by then quite equal to the task. Being a man of quick business habits, Mr. Hari Raojee was able to find sufficient time to spare for duties of a public nature. He was nominated a Municipal Commissioner for the city of Poona in 1868. For over twelve years he rendered valuable services to the municipality and the rate-payers, whose interests he had continuously at heart. He was nominated an Honorary Magistrate of the First Class in 1888, and presided on the Bench of Magistrates with ability and tact. In a short time he had acquired in a marked degree the confidence of the public. He was intimately associated with other public institutions, being President of the Landlords’ Association, Treasurer of the Fergusson College Funds, the only surviving trustee and patron of the Female High School (inaugurated under the auspices of Sir James Fergus- son) and a Member of the Deccan Education Society. In 1888 Government were pleased to honor Hari Raojee with the personal title of Rao Bahadur, on account of his untiring efforts for the promotion of the welfare and prosperity of his backward community. His purse was ever open for works of public utility and for supplying the wants of the needy and the destitute. When the project of opening an European conval- escent home at Khandala was under consideration, he offered a large piece of land which he owned on the hills near the St. Xavier's Sanitarium for the purpose. He erected a fountain the northern entrance of the city he built a large drinking trough for cattle coming from surrounding villages during the Gadetul, and which for years before had been forced to slake their thirst with the dirty water of the Nagzari. This trough he handed over to the City Municipality. He presented a handsome building in Somwar Petit, worth Rs. 8,000, to the municipality, to be used as a school house, and to be named after his father-in-law. In appre- ciation of his liberality and his devotedness to the poor, the Press and the public unanimously proposed him for the vacant seat in His Excellency the Governor's Council, caused by the resignation of the Hon. Kazi Shahabuddin, in 1888. No fewer than eleven local and Bombay papers recommended him in gratifying terms for the post, of which the following are a few extracts : ‘‘ We hope that His Excellency will not allow to slip by a suitable opportunity which has now presented itself of appointing to the vacant seat in the Legislative Council a Mahrata gentleman. The only gentleman among the Mahrathas who deserves to be mentioned and to be recommended is Rao Bahadur Hari Raojee Chiplunkar, a worthy citizen of Poona. He is deserving of high esteem. He is wealthy, influential, well educated, benevolent, careful to guard public interests, independent and foremost in doing public good.’’ ‘‘ Government now propose extending the operations of the Deccan Agriculturist Relief Act to other districts. It will, therefore, undoubtedly receive invaluable assistance from Rao Bahadur Hari Raojee in ascertaining the real condition of the agricultural classes. The majority of the population of the Bombay Presidency consists of Marathas and the Shudras, and all works requiring manual labor and other industries are performed by this class of people.” “ We believe there will be but very few persons who will deny that the Deccan Mahratha community has not had a genuine representative of its class in the Council since the Daphale of Jutt was a member. This community is no doubt backward, and has but few members who by their education, rank, qualifications and public acts, are worthy of the honor. But we think little exception will be taken anywhere to the name of Sirdar Bahadur Hari Raojee Chiplunkar. He is a landlord who has served the public in various capacities with credit to himself and advantage to others, and whose living interest in members of his community and zeal for their progress are too widely known to need any detailed description.” ‘‘ Rao Bahadur Hari Raojee Chiplunkar is fully acquainted with the condition of his class of people, their shortcomings and their poverty. He would, therefore, be the best and fittest representative of the Mahrathas and Shudras in the Legislative Council of the Govern- ment of Bombay. We hope that our recommendation will not pass unheeded by Government,’’ But in the midst of what might have been a long career, the Rao Bahadur’s health failed, and he was forced to withdraw from public life. He was ill for some years, passing away on the fifth of March, 1896, and a deputation from the Sarvajanik Subha immediately waited for the public at the Bund Gardens, Poona, in memory of his father-in-law, Bholagir Bava. At (138) "Pon his mourning family with a letter of condolence at the great loss they had sustained. Tae I.ATE RA0 BAHADUR HARI RAOJEE CHIPLUNKAR. THE LATE RAO SAHEB HARISCHANDRA GOPAL. (139) The Late Rao Saheb Harischandra Gopal. "AO SAHEB HARISCHANDRA GOPAL was born on the eleventh of November, 1836. He received his English education from that very popular and philanthropic missionary, the late Dr. Wilson. After finishing his studies, he was trained as a surveyor and draughtsman in a drawing class attached to the Free General Assembly School. After leaving this school, he obtained employ- ment under Messrs. Wythes and Jackson, the famous contractors of those days. The senior partner of the firm treated Mr. Harischandra more as a pupil than as a servant, and taught him the profession in a way that insured his success in after life. In 1862 Mr. Harischandra joined the Bombay Waterworks as an Assistant Engineer under Mr. R. C. Rowlands, the Chief Resident Engineer. To better his prospects he left this post to become a contractor, when he carried out some important works on the G. I. B. Railway in connection with ghants. On the first of August, 1876, he became Municipal Secretary at Ahmedabad, and during his nine years’ service he did much to improve the sanitary condition of that city. The restoration of the Kankaria Tank and the Nagina Wadi was greatly due to Mr. Harischandra’s zeal and hard labor. It was in recognition of his services in Ahmedabad that the Government of India conferred upon him the personal distinction of Rao Saheb in 1883. The civic fathers, as well, were not slow to appreciate Mr. Harischandra’s meritorious services on his departure to join the Baroda State as an Executive Engineer in 1885. This State he served for eleven years, four-fifths of which period was spent as Executive Engineer for the City division. In this capacity he carried on such important works as the Lami Vilas Palace, the new Maccarpura Palace, and the Museum, to the entire satisfaction of Mr. A. W. Chisholm, Consulting Architect to H. H. the Maharaja Gaekwar. ; In 1896 ill health compelled Rao Saheb Harischandra to retire, and on the twenty- seventh of June of the following year he succumbed to heart disease at his family residence in Bombay. (140) Hassambhoy Vishram, Esq. Mr. Hassambhoy Vishram was born in Cutchon the seventeenth of September, 1846. His grandfather had amassed a fortune as a merchant, and had invested it in landed properties, but, after his death, his affairs having been entrusted to his brother, the fortune was wasted, and Mr. Hassambhoy’s father, Mr. Visram, had consequently very little left upon which to start life. He therefore went to Bombay, leaving his son Hassambhoy in Cutch, but when the latter was two years old he was also taken to Bombay. Mr. Hassambhoy attended the Elphinstone High School, where he was educated as far as the first class of the upper division, becoming a prize-winner at almost all the examinations. The education which he received was considered liberal at that time, especially among Mahome- dans. Mr. Hassambhoy married when only fourteen years of age, and at seventeen he entered into business with his father. Finding, however, to his surprise, that his fathers’ partners were embarking in perilous undertakings, he promptly dissolved the partnership. In 1864, instead of speculating during the ¢‘ share mania,’”” Mr. Visram used his cash to secure small, but sure profits. In 1870, being in indifferent health, he was obliged to seek a change, and the entire responsibility of carrying on business devolved therefore upon Mr. Hassambhboy. In 1873 Mr. Hassambhoy visited Calcutta in connection with his business. Seeing the competition that existed in Bengal, he turned his attention to the Mauritius, and opened a branch of his firm in that island. In 1876 his father, Mr. Visram, died, and about the same time his two brothers, Fazalbhoy and Hajibhoy, joined the firm. In 1875 Mr. Hassambhoy was elected to the Municipal Corporation, and in 1880 he was appointed a Justice of the Peace. After visiting Kurrachee and Cutch, on a recruiting trip, in 1881, Mr. Hassambhoy started on a tour round the world via Egypt, Italy, and England. He visited London, Manchester, Liverpool, and Birmingham, and then proceeded to Germany, Switzerland, and Belgium. Thence he returned to Liverpool, and crossed over to America, visiting New York, Washington, Philadelphia, Boston, Niagara Falls, Chicago, Salt Lake City and San Francisco. While at New York he had the honor of making the acquaintance of Mr. Arthur, at that time President of the United States. From America he proceeded to Japan and China, returning to Bombay via Ceylon. When he landed in Bombay he was presented by the leading members of his community with an address of welcome, as he had been the first of their number to travel round the world. Later on, in the same year, he made an extensive tour in Turkey-in-Asia and Arabia, landing at Kurrachee on his return. He then traveled through Northern India and Bengal, afterwards proceeding to the Mauritius on business, calling at Seychelles and Bourbon on the way. Having returned to Bombay, he paid another visit to Calcutta, this time during the progress of the International Exhibition. F¥rom Calcutta he went to Burma on business, and this trip resulted in the opening of branch houses of the firm at Rangoon, Moul- mein, Coconada, and Cuttack. In 1886 he visited Zanzibar, where he was warmly received by H. H. the late Sultan Syed Burgush, who was pleased to give his firm the Bombay agency of his line of steamers. In 1893 his firm took over the agencies of the Bengal Spinning and Weaving Co., and of the Star of India Mills. In 1894, on account of ill-health, Mr. Hassamb- hoy again went to England, and during this visit he took the opportunity of running down to Cambridge where his eldest son was studying. In 1895, Mr. Hassambhoy was elected to the Bombay Municipal Corporation by the Justices. - Mr. Hassambhoy has two sons, the eldest of whom, Mr. M. H. Visram, was successful in passing the B. A. examination at the University of Cambridge in 1891, being the first member of the Khoja caste to obtain that coveted degree. This son expects shortly to be called to the bar. Lieut.-Col. W, K. Hatch, M.B., C. M., F. R. C:S.,L M.S. ILLIAM KEITH HATCH is the second son of General W. S. Hatch, an old Bombay Artillery Officer. He was edu- cated at Shrewsbury School and King’s College, London, where he gained prizes for both surgery and midwifery. After graduating at Aberdeen University, he held a resi- dent appointment at the Salop Infirmary. He came to India in 1877, served in Afghanistan in 1880, was appointed Second Surgeon at the European General Hospital, and subsequently Professor of Anatomy at the Grant Medical College, Bombay, was appointed Second Surgeon at the Sir J. J. Hospital, and, on the retirement of Brigade-Surgeon Wellington Gray, he became Senior Surgeon and Professor of Surgery, and later on, Principal of the Grant Medical College, which position he now holds. Dr. Hatch was appointed in June, 1899, Honorary Surgeon to His Excellency the Viceroy and Governor-General. HassamBHOY VISHRAM, Eso. (141) EE RUSTOMJF 3 TTI ~ AMSE : HORMUSJEE J Tar 1.A7: UT.-CoL. W. XX, Harce, M.B.,CM..F.R.C.S,, 1. M.S 1 LIF (142) The Late Hormusjee Jamsetjee Rustomjee, Esq. The late Mr. H. J. Rustomjee held a leading place among what may be called the ‘“ Captains of Industry” in the East, and his career, as will be seen, affords a striking proof of the result of unremitting energy and attention to business. Mr. Hormusjee Jamsetjee Rustomjee was born in Bombay on the eighth of February, 1846, his father, Mr. Dhunjibhoy Rustomjee, being a very old resident. When seven years old voung Rustomjee lost both his parents, and was thereupon adopted by his uncle, Mr. Jamset- jee Rustomjee, who took him to Karachi where he was residing. He was educated at the Government High School there, and also received instruction from the English Regimental schoolmasters. attending the Government High School, as well as the soldiers’ children attending the Regi- mental School, hence it was that he learned to speak English much better than Gujarati, his native tongue. Major (now Major-General) Goldsmith, who was then the Educational Inspec- tor and Assistant Commissioner of Sind, took a lively interest in young Rustomjee’s welfare, and after the ordinary school hours he used to take him and other advanced pupils to his own bungalow for the purpose of giving them instruction in English, there being at that time no English college in Sind. During his school life Rustomjee invariably carried off the prizes in mathematics, which was his strong subject. The Director-General of Schools in the Bombay Presidency, during one of his tours in Sind, and after an examination of the pupils of the Government High School Karachi, congratulated Mr. Rustomjee on his proficiency in mathematics, and subsequently presented him with some valuable books as prizes. On leaving school, in 1886, Mr. Rustomjee began business as a forwarding agent and general dealer at Karachi, and when the small shed where he commenced his commercial career is contrasted with the palatial buildings where the business of the firm of H. J. Rustomjee & Co. is carried on to-day, one cannot help thinking that such a rapid advance was more in keeping with new countries like the United States of America or Australia than with ancient India. At the time of Mr. Rustomjee’s commencing business there was no Suez Canal, and consequently merchants and importers had to order their goods twelve months in advance, so that in those days keen commercial foresight was infinitely more valuable than it is to-day, when goods can be landed in India in four weeks’ time from Europe. Mr. Rustomjee from the first day of his commercial life never retrogressed, and the business he established is to-day not only the largest in Sind but one of the largest in the whole of the Presidency. The firm deal in almost every article of ordinary use imported from various parts of the world. Mr. Rustomjee’s firm did banking as well as ordinary merchants’ business, and he was one of the largest landed proprietors in Sind. Mr. Rustomjee often visited Europe on business combined with pleasure, traveling in most of the countries there, including Russia, Sweden, Norway, etc. He once went round the world, visiting North and South America, Australia, Tasmania, New Zealand, Fizi Islands, Japan, China, etc. It will not be out of place here to give a brief description of the firm’s business premises at Karachi, from an account which appeared in 7%e Sind Gaczelte of the tenth of November, 1891, and which was written before Mr. Rustomjee’s death : ‘‘The building is certainly one of the handsomest and most imposing structures of its kind—not in Karachi or in the province only—but in all India. The architecture is purely Italian, and the facade closely resembles that of the New Dresdner Bank at Berlin, constructed last year. The architect was Mr. J. Strachan, M. I. C. E., the well-known engineer to the municipality, and the skill and taste which distinguish him have never been better displayed than in this fine edifice. The site is admirable, occupying a large space of over 8ooo square yards near the point where the two principal streets of the town—the Bunder and the McLeod roads—converge, being thus in the very heart of the business parts of the city and in close proximity of the banks, custom house, railway stations and other business places. At this point stands the ‘ Merewether Memorial Tower,’ a few yards from Mr. H. J. Rustomjee’s man- sion, has a frontage of 100 feet and is constructed wholly of stone, having three stories, the total height being over sixty feet. A handsome staircase leads from the basement to the roof, from which a superb view of the harbor, the sea, the fortifications of Manora and the town of Karachi is obtained. Mr. H. J. Rustomjee’s own office, on the first floor—a large apartment on the south side with a library attached—is very handsomely furnished and fitted with all the latest European appliances. The central floor is utilized for the general office and salesmen’s room, 60x50 feet, and on the north side are the offices of his three sons, which are in telephonic commu- nication with the central exchange, and thus with all the principal public and mercantile offices throughout Karachi. Further, to facilitate communications in the office, electric bells with indicators are fitted to every room, and a special private wire has been laid by the Government telegraph department between the office and Mr. H. J. Rustomjee’s private residence in Camp —a distance of nearly three miles. ‘The second floor is entirely reserved for commercial travelers from all parts of the world coming here at various seasons of the year, but principally in the winter, to show their samples and book indents. In these rooms it is not an extraordinary thing to find a traveler His earliest companions in Karachi were English and other European children (143 representing samples of hardware, while in the next room another with woolen samples and a third representing some large London or Scotch oil, paint and color house, or a Sheffield cutlery firm, etc. Attached to the office building are three huge warehouses, from 300 to 350 feet in length by 50 feet in width, one parallel with the Bunder road is specially reserved for Manches- ter and Glasgow goods. The second, facing McLeod road, contains various descriptions of metals, and the third, forming the quadrangle in the east, also holds metals and other goods. The basement of the office is used as a wine warehouse, being specially cool, owing to broad verandas on the two sunny sides—east and west. A two-feet gauge tramway has been constructed to every part of the warehouses. Some eighty trucks for the storing and moving of goods are in constant readiness. The tramway has two tracks of grooved steel tram-rails with crossings, switches, turntables and all appliances of the most finished description. The trucks used on these lines are 5x3 feet on bogie wheels. Tram lines are also laid in the com- pound or yard, which is stored with bars of iron, steel, etc. All these tram lines are connected with the weighing and delivery scales erected in the centre of the yard. ‘‘ On the top floor of the piece goods warehouse are the sample and show rooms, designed expressly for the display of samples of all the various leading manufacturers of the world, the whole constituting a great commercial exhibition of every sort of manufactured article of Europe and America, fashioned for human comfort, necessity or luxury, enabling traders to form an accurate idea of the quality and value of the goods before passing orders. ‘‘In each of the four corners of the vast quadrangle are fitted hydrants, and there is like- wise a portable fire engine by Merewether & Sons. An ample supply of water being always available from the two mains passing on both sides of the warehouse, a very necessary precau- tion, in view of the huge collection of various descriptions of merchandise here stored. In addition to the above precautions taken against fire on the premises the mass of accumulated wealth is fully insured.” During the visit of the Governor of Bombay, Lord Harris, to Karachi, in November, 1891, Mr. Rustomjee had the honor of a visit from His Excellency, who inspected the business premises and who was good enough to congratulate Mr. Rustomjee on the enterprise which had prompted the erection of such palatial buildings. Mr. Rustomjee was married in 1865. He left a widow, six sons—Rustomjee, Byramjee, Cowasjee, Pestonjee, Dhunjishaw and Sorabjee—and one daughter, Soonabai. Five of the sons now carry on the business which their father established, whilst the other son, Mr. Pestonjee, after studying at St. John’s College, Cambridge, was called to the Bar at the Middle Temple, and is now practicing at the Bombay Bar. The daughter married Mr. Pochaji Hormusji Bomanj Jeejee- bhoy, of Bombay. Very few persons indeed know of the late Mr. Rustomjee’s benefactions, for he was a great believer in the maxim of not letting the right hand know what the left hand did. He regarded with disfavor the system of coupling donations for charitable purposes with the hard and fast conditions that the donor’s name must be blazoned forth to the world in connection with the donation. He was a very old Mason and held many high ranks. He was a member of all the lodges in Sind, both English and Scotch, most of which he was several times elected Master. He was P. Z. of Chapter Faith and Charity, No. 72, S. C., Karachi, in 1877-78 ; Grand Senior Warden of all Scottish Freemasonry in India, 188g; District Grand Warden of District Grand Lodge, Bombay, 1870; Grand Deputy Master of all Scottish Freemasonry in India, in 1876; President of the Sind Masonic Benevolent Institution, 1889 to 1891. He was admitted as a Righteous Knight to the Oriental Order of the Palm and Shell, New York, in 1883, and as a Royal Select and Super-Excellent Master in the Grand Council of Royal and Select Masters of London, in 1884. Mr. Hormusjee was for many years, successively, a member of the Karachi Municipal Corporation, and was also elected for many years continuously a Port Trustee of Karachi on behalf of the Corporation. Mr. Rustomjee died of heart disease at Karachi on February 13, 1899,in the prime of life— fifty-three ; and the Karachi Chamber of Commerce the next day passed the following resolution : ‘Resolved, that this meeting be adjourned as a mark of respect to the memory of the late Mr. H. J. Rustomjee, who was for many years a prominent and valued member of the Chamber and of the Managing Committee. A copy of this resolution to be forwarded to Mrs. H. J. Rustomjee.”’ The subject of his death was also alluded to by the Chairman of the Karachi Port Trust at a Board Meeting, when the following resolution was passed : ‘‘The Board have heard with much regret of the sudden death of the late Mr. H. J. Rustomjee, who was for many years a valued colleague, and whose mercantile knowledge and sound advice was of much assistance in their deliberations. The Board would desire that their condolence and appreciation of the late Mr. Rustomjee’s worth be conveyed to his widow and family.” The officers, non-com- missioned officers and volunteers of ‘“ B”’ Company, S. V. R. Corps, also passed a resolution placing on record their deep sense of regret at the death of Mr. Rustomjee, who always took great interest in the Corps by giving prizes for competition and otherwise encouraging its mem- bers. A similar resolution was passed by the Parsee community of Karachi at a meeting specially called for the purpose. The Municipal Corporation of Karachi also passed a resolution of regret at his death, and forwarded a copy to the bereaved family, while the leading news- papers in the Presidency contained long notices of his career. Mr. Rustomjee was a universal favorite in Bombay and Karachi with both Europeans and natives. He was noted for his geniality and largeness of heart, and no deserving person ) in real distress ever appealed to him in vain for assistance. Hurkisondas Narotamdas, Esq., J. P. Mr. Hurkisondas was born at Bombay on the thirteenth of November, 1849, and is the eldest son of the late Mr. Narotamdas Madowdas, a well known and highly respected banker. Mr. Hurkisondas belongs to the Kapola Bania Caste, which numbers amongst its members many persons of great wealth and influence in Western India. Mr. Hurkisondas was educated at the Elphinstone High School, and, on leaving this institution, received private tuition from a well known tutor for some considerable time. He subsequently joined the banking business of his father which he still carries on. He was elected a member of the Municipal Corporation in 1878, and, having been re-elected from time to time, he still retains his seat. He has been a member of the Standing Works Committee of the Corporation for some years. Both these positions Mr. Hurkisondas fills in an admirable manner for, while opposed to extravagant expenditure and waste of the ra‘cpayers’ money, he, on the other hand, does not indulge in factious opposition to all reasonable expenditure as, unfortunately, some members of the Corporation are wont to do. Mr. Hurkisondas is Chairman of the Morarjee Goculdas Spinning and Weaving Mills; a director of the Colaba Land Mills Company, Limited; a director of several joint stock companies, and a partner in the Kaiser-i-Hind Hindu Spinning Mills. He contemplates establishing a new company which will be known as the Globe Manufacturing Company, of which he will be the managing agent. With an experience of the cotton mill industry extending over thirty years the subject of our sketch can well claim that few men in Bombay are his superiors on this important subject. Mr. Hurkisondas, despite his active commercial life, has found time to lend all the power which his wealth, ability and position give him to further any move- ments having for their object the welfare of the people, or the honor and credit of his native city. He, in conjunction with Mr. George Kettridge and the late lamented Mr. Sorabjee Sapoorjee Bengalee, C. I. E., started the movement for providing medical aid for the women of India. Mr. Hurkisondas, realizing how great was the need, exerted himself in collecting large sums of money for the cause and the amount he so collected he largely supplemented from his own funds. Lady Reay threw herself, heart and soul, into this work, and, if her ladyship had done nothing else (which is far from being the case) during her husband’s tenure of office as Governor of Bombay, her name would remain engraven forever on the hearts and minds of the women of India. Mr. Hurkisondas greatly appreciated the good done by Lady Reay, and, on her departure from Bombay, he, by way of perpetuating her memory, gave a handsome donation of 6000 rupees to the Bombay University of which 4000 rupees was to found a scholarship in Lady Reay’s name, and the remaining 2000 rupees for a gold medal to be presented every year to the female graduate who passed with the highest number of marks in the medical examination. This medal also bears her ladyship’s name. Mr. Hurkisondas had the misfortune to lose his daughter, Bai Jivkorbai, some time ago, and he, in memory of her, gave a sum of 2000 rupees for the purpose of building, under the auspices of Dr. Pichey Phipson (who was brought out from England by the Society for Providing Medical Aid for the Women of India) a cottage at Nasik for the use of convalescent women and children. After the late disastrous fires at Surat and Ichapore, Mr. Hurkisondas worked hard collecting subscriptions and with these and contributions from his own purse did much to relieve the suffering and distress. Mr. Hurkisondas, in conjunction with Mr. Dadabhai Naorojee and the late Mr. V. N. Mandlik, C. S. I., started the Lord Ripon Memorial Fund movement which gave to Bombay the Ripon Textile School. Mr. Hurkisondas is one of the directors of the Victoria Jubilee Technical Institute, having been appointed to this position by the Committee of the Ripon Memorial Fund. He was secretary and the late Hon. V. N. Mandlik, and the memorial funds of the late Hon. Mr. Justice Telang and Mr. Sorabjee Sapoorjee Bengalee, C. I. E., are not a little indebted to Mr. Hurkisondas who, with subscription and the aid of his experience did much to build up the funds. Some seven years ago Mr. Hurkisondas, on behalf of his family, placed himself in communication with the government of Lord Reay, and offered one hundred thousand rupees for the purpose of constructing a hospital for women and children. The hospital was intended to perpetuate the memory of the late Mr. Narotamdas Madowdas, father of Mr. Hurkisondas, but, as no land was available for such a purpose at the time, the project fell ‘through; but Mr. Hurkisondas who had placed the one hundred thousand rupees in the Government treasury preferred that the money should remain there, so that with accumulated interest, it might, at some future time, be available for the erection of a hospital or other. building of public utility. During Lord Harris’ regime Mr. Hurkisondas communicated with Government and expressed the wish on behalf of his aged mother, Bai Putlibai, and his younger brother, Bhugvandas, and himself, that this money should be used for the erection of a new lunatic asylum, as such a building was urgently needed. Government _ decided to accept the offer, and a committee was appointed to report on the most suitable site in or around Bombay for such a purpose. The committee reported in favor of a site at Naupada, close to Thanna, and the report was adopted and the work proceeded with. The foundation-stone was laid by Lord Harris who, in his speech on the occasion, referred to the feelings which had prompted the family of the late Mr. Narotamdas Madowdas to make the princely gift. The asylum will bear the name of Mr. Hurkisondas’s father, the late Mr. Narotamdas Madowdas. Shortly before the death of Mr. Hurkisondas’s mother, Bai Putlibai, she, at his request, set apart a sum of 30,000 rupees, the interest of which is to be used in securing additional comforts and aid for the high caste Hindu inmates of the asylum. Mr. Hurkisondas is secretary of the Matunga Leper Asylum, and it is to him and Mr. H. A. Acworth, C. I. E., the late Municipal Commissioner of Bombay, that the thanks of the people of Bombay are due for this magnificent asylum, as it was erected owing to the zeal and energy displayed by these two gentlemen in collecting subscriptions for the building, etc. Mr. Hurkisondas is a member of the Board of Control of the David Sassoon Reforma- tory and also a trustee of the Government Funds of the Grant Medical College, his co-trustees being Sir Jamsetjee Jeejeebhoy, Bart, C. I. E., and the Hon. Fazelbhoy Visram, C. I. E. ; he is a Fellow of the Bombay University and a member of the Board of Accounts of the same insti- tution. On the occasion of the jubilee of Her Most Gracious Majesty the Queen Empress, a public meeting was held in the Town Hall, Bombay, to form a committee for the purpose of collecting subscriptions, in order that the auspicious event might be properly celebrated, and Mr. Hurkisondas was one of the honorary secretaries of the committee, a large sum of money was raised, which was duly spent in illuminations, feasts to the children of Bombay, and general rejoicing. Mr. Hurkisondas acted as secretary to the committee appointed to take steps to give a befitting reception to His Royal Highness the Duke of Clarence on his visit to Bombay. During the riots in 1893, Mr. Hurkisondas worked hard to quell the rioting and bring about a better understanding among the people. The late Mr. Narotamdas Madow- das, in conjunction with his brother, Mr. Vurjivandas Madowdas, gave a sum of 250,000 rupees for the Madowbaugh. Fuller particulars of this donation will be found in the sketch of the life of Mr. Vurjivandas Madowdas in this volume. Mr. Hurkisondas married in 1864, and again in 1883, and has issue, three daughters. He is justly regarded as one of Bombay’s most philanthropic and patriotic citizens, and his advice is sought and valued by not only the members of his own community, but by many others who are not of his own to the movement for collecting funds to perpetuate the memory of the late Sir Frank Souter (144) C3Ste, race or creed. 10 HUurk1soNDAS NAROTAMDAS, Esg., J. P. (145) The Hon. Mr. Ibrahim Rahimtoola Kaderbhoy, J. P. The subject of this sketch was born in Bombay in May, 1862. His father, who had extensive business connections with Great Britain, fully appreciated the manifold advantages of an education in English, and offered every opportunity to his children to acquire the same. Young Ibrahim availed himself of his chances, and would have undoubtedly distingnished himself in the profession of law, had he not lost his father at a comparatively early age, which necessitated his relinquishing his studies and joining his elder brother, Mr. Mahomedbhoy Rahimtoola in business. His younger brother, Mr. Jafferbhoy Rahimtoola Kaderbhoy, was more fortunate, in a professional sense, for, having graduated at the Bombay University, he proceeded to England and was called to the bar in 1896. Mr. Ibrahim became a successful merchant, and soon developed his business to a remarkable extent. His firm, known as Rahimtoola Kaderbhoy & Co., now occupy a promi- nent position among exporters, and have correspondents in all the principal seaports in Europe. In 1892 Mr. Ibrahim was elected to the Bombay Municipal Corporation, by the rate-payers of the Mandvi Ward. Ever since then he has retained his seat on that body, having been twice returned at the top of the list. As a mark of recognition of his successful municipal career, he was nominated a Justice of the Peace by the Government of Lord Harris in 1894. In 1895 he was elected by the Corporation as a Member of the Standing Committee and his commercial knowledge stood him in good stead here, and enabled him to win golden opinions on all sides. In 1898 he was re-elected to the Council at the head of the poll, and at its first meeting after the election he was unanimously elected Chairman of that body, he being the first Mahomedan Chairman of the Standing Committee. Mr. Ibrahim has also taken a keen interest in the political progress of his country, and is a member of the Council of the Bombay Presidency Association. He is at one with the political reformers of the advanced type in the opinion that constitutional agitation is absolutely necessary for securing political rights and privileges, but he is not fully in accord with the ways and means adopted by some of them. He is strongly of opinion that such agitation should not be conducted on the lines of rancorous resistance, but that public utterances and writings should be couched in temperate and sober language. The keen interest which Mr. Ibrahim has taken in both mental and physical training is a most creditable trait in his character. He has done his best to promote both among the Mahomedans. The Bombay Municipal Corpora- tion fully recognized his services to the cause of education by electing him unanimously as a member of the Joint Schools Committee. He is also a member of the Managing Committee to the Anjuman-i-Islam, a member of its School Committee, and the Chairman of the Managing Committee of the M. J. Khoja General Reading Room and Library, the premier institution of its kind among the Mahomedans. His endeavors to promote physical education amongst his community have been practical, and have borne good fruit. Being a strong believer in the principle that ‘‘ example is better than precept,’’ he takes an active part in most of the athletic games played in Bombay. He is an ardent cricketer, and has captained the Islam Gymkhana eleven from the starting of that institution. He assisted in bringing the Gymakhana into existence, and its present position is mainly due to his untiring exertions. He has been the Joint Honorary Secretary for the last four years. This sketch would be incomplete without reference to the fact that it was Mr. Ibrahim Rahimtoola who was the first to bring to the notice of the Health Officer the circumstance that Plague had broken out in Bombay—fully a fortnight before the outbreak was announced at a meeting of the Standing Committee. Instead of thanks, however, he came in for a round of abuse from certain quarters, and all sorts of epithets, such as “alarmist ’ and * panic-monger,”’ were flung at him and others, who, however, firmly maintained their ground in calling the insidious malady by its proper name of Plague. He rendered every assistance in bringing about a proper feeling amongst the people in regard to preventive plague measures, and as Chairman of the Voluntary Plague Committee of the Umarkhadi section, he contributed his full share toward insuring the success of the experiment of invoking local help to grapple with the dire malady. Mr. Ibrahim Rahimtoola, by virtue of the interest he manifested in public matters, became a member of the Bombay Legislative Council in November, 1899. THE HoN. MR. IBRAHIM RAHIMTOOLA KADERBHOY, J. P. (146) Jagmohandas Vandravandas Bhaisett, Esquire, J. P. Mr. Jagmohandas Vandravandas Bhaisett, is a leading citizen of Bombay, a banker and merchant, and the Seth, or Headman, in all social matters, of the Dasa Parvad Banias of Bombay. He is also a Justice of the Peace and councillor of the Bombay Municipal Corporation. He was born in 1867, and is, therefore, still a young man, and we hope, with many years of public usefulness before him. Mr. Bhaisett’s great great great grandfather came from Cambay and settled in Bombay about one hundred and sixty years ago. He amassed a large fortune by trading with Mocha, Jeddah and Aden, and was the first to be appointed to the highly respected office of Seth, or Headman, of his community, which office has since become hereditary in the family. Mr. Vandravandas, Mr. Bhaisett’s father, was a Justice of the Peace and a grand juror of the Supreme Court of Judicature at Bombay. He was an enter- prising and shrewd merchant, who traded chiefly in opium, and amassed great wealth. Mr. Bhaisett was born on the twenty-seventh day of April, 1867, when his father was 52 years of age. His mother died eighteen months after his birth, and his father followed her in as many more months, leaving him an orphan at the tender age of three years. He was brought up by the executors and trustees of his father’s will, and was sent to school in 1872, where he remained till he passed the matriculation examination of the Bombay University in 1884. The only interruption to his studies was caused in 1879, when, at the age of twelve, in fulfil- ment of a family vow, he was taken on a pilgrimage to the leading shrines and holy places in Upper India. To his observing young mind this tour, apart from its religious aspect, opened a large field for the observation of nature, art and men. Mr. Bhaisett was greatly impressed by what he saw during his travels, and the trip laid the foundation of his culti- vated habits and created in him a thirst for knowledge. After passing his examinations, he did not, like the majority of Bania youths, go into trade or business, but continued his studies at the Elphinstone and St. Xavier’s Colleges. Early in 1888 he attained his majority, and the cares of his estate compelled him to give up his collegiate career. He assumed charge of his father’s estate, and the headmanship of his community. His caste-members marked the occasion by presenting him with an address and a shawl, and he opened a charity fund for educating the poor boys, and maintaining the destitute widows of his community. Early the next year, after fitting himself by studying political and public questions, he entered public life on election to a seat on the Bombay Municipal Corporation as a representative of the rate-payers of his ward. His nomination was proposed by a no less distinguished per- sonage than the late Sir Mangaldas Nathubhoy Knight, C. S. I., who took a personal interest in his welfare and greatly influenced the formation of his character. The end of the year witnessed the fifth meeting at Bombay, of the Indian National Congress. The Bombay meeting of 1889 was presided over by Sir William Wedderburn, M. P., and Mr Bhaisett took a prominent part in the organization of the Bombay gathering, and was a member of its reception committee. He had also attended a previous meeting of the Congress and went to Nagpore, Allahabad and Madras for three of its subsequent sittings. Karly the next year he was appointed a Justice of the Peace, and subsequently a special juror. The Government of Bombay had, for some time, contemplated a measure for introducing village sanitation in the rural parts of the Presidency, with a view to improve the village surroundings and secure the benefits of an uncontaminated water supply. Mr. Bhaisett, who had studied this important question, submitted a representation to the authorities that such legislation was desirable, but that it should be of permissive character, and that Government should grant funds for the purpose, in order that no further burden of special taxation might fall upon the ryots. Later in the year, an unfortunate event afforded him an occasion of remembering Cambay, his old ancestral home. Agrarian disturbances had broken out there, chiefly owing to oppression and harassing taxation, and were put down by British troops. Mr. Bhaisett immediately called a meeting in Bombay for the relief of these Cambay sufferers. A com- mittee was appointed, and a memorial was submitted to Government, over his signature, as chairman of the meeting, and he personally went to Cambay to help the needy and to acquaint himself with the causes of the disturbances and the extent of the sufferings. As the Govern- ment of Bombay would not publish the papers, Mr. Bhaisett arranged for their publication through the House of Commons. With the kind co-operation of Mr. Burt, M. P., a Cambay Parliamentary Blue-book was issued, and the reports and documents published showed deplorable maladministration. Several of the sufferers had fallen into the clutches of the law, and had been sentenced to long terms of punishment. Mr. Bhaisett knew that they were neither felons nor habitual criminals and decided to try and secure their release. At his request Mr. Burt, M. P., submitted a petition to the Secretary of State for India, and the poor convicts were released and restored to their homes. Mr. Bhaisett’s civic work in the corporation soon occupied much of his attention. The municipal authorities had proposed certain building by-laws with the object of putting down ‘‘jerry”’ building and other unsub- stantial structures, but the proposed laws were found to be very stringent, and the rate- payers of Bombay submitted a memorial to the corporation on the matter. Mr. Bhaisett took up the question, consulted engineers and experts at his own cost, and with their professional help and the co-operation of his friends in the corporation, important amendments were made, and the bye-laws, before being passed, were shorn of much of their original harshness. His efforts in this important question found a fitting recognition at the hands of his con- stituents, who, at the general triennial election of 1892, returned him at the head of the poll in his ward, with the largest number of votes recorded for any candidate in the city. In this year two questions of social importance occupied public attention and Mr. Bhaisett took a prominent part in the discussion of both of them. One was known as the Age of Consent bill, which was a measure proposed by the Government of India to put down early consum- mation of marriages. There was great opposition to the bill, as it was thought to be but the thin end of the wedge to undermine the religious and social customs of the people. Many advanced thinkers knew that the object of the bill was humane, and that, unless Government put down the evil by legislation, there was little chance of Hindu society acting in the matter. Mr. Bhaisett, with his advanced views on social questions, sided with the minority, who held a meeting in Bombay in favor of the bill, which was finally passed by the Govern- ment of India. The other measure was a proposal for constituting a Mahajan or representa- tive assembly of the different Bania castes in Bombay. There are about sixty of these castes, each having its own rules and regulations in respect of caste questions. There was an old Mahajan supposed to govern these different castes, but it had grown effete and had no repre- sentative basis. It was generally felt that the time had arrived to constitute a proper repre- sentative assembly capable of dealing with questions affecting social matters. Mr. Bhaisett heartily assisted in the movement, and a general meeting of delegates from the various Bania castes was held. Mr. Bhaisett was elected president of the meeting, and, though the question was not finally decided there, it has advanced a stage, and it is expected that, after a few years, such a representative assembly or Mahajan of the Bania community will be aw fait accompli. In August, 1895, Mr. Bhaisett performed, at his residence, a Vedic religious ceremonial called the Ati-Rudra sacrifice. This is a Vedic ceremony of great antiquarian interest, but it is seldom performed on account of the expense. It is celebrated in honor of the Vedic deity Rudra, whom Hindus held in high respect. The sacrifice lasted for eight days, during which Vedic Mantras were recited by about eighty Brahmins versed in Vedic hymns. Hundreds of worshipers daily attended the ceremony, and Dr. James Campbell, C. I. E., the Collector of Bombay, was one of the distinguished visitors. In 1893, Mr. Bhaisett set out on a second tour through Upper India, where he visited almost all the leading cities and centres of art, and added greatly to his knowledge of the country. In June, 1894, the Court Circular honored him by publishing a sketch of his life, accompanied by his portrait. In 1895, Mr. Bhaisett was once more at the municipal elections returned at the head of the poll. Later in the year he went on a tour through the southern Mahratta country. In addition to his native banking firm Mr. Bhaisett has an import house dealing with Great Britain and the Continent. He is modest and shy in disposition, and has inherited the genial, amiable and charitable disposition of his family. He subscribes liberally to local charities. Several years ago he offered Rs. 2000 for establishing a char- itable dispensary for women and children in his ward, but owing to the question of a further amount for endowment, the matter did not assume a practical shape He has a taste for art and music, and is fond of home reading, having a large and select library of his own. He is a member of the Bombay branch of the Royal Asiatic Society, as well as of the Bombay Art, Natural History and Anthropological Societies. Our portrait is from an excellent photograph of Mr. Bhaisett by Bhedwar. SRLS Hp pissy 1h) JAMSETJEE ARDESIR DaLar, Esg., M. A. ANDRAVANDAS BrAISETT, ESQ., J. P. r JacMOHANDAS (148) Jamsetjee Ardesir Dalal, Esq., M. A. Mr. Jamsetjee Ardesir Dalal was born in July, 1848, at Surat, which was then a thriving centre of the sea-borne trade of India. His ancestors, over a century ago, were engaged in the exchange of commodities between European manufacturers and Native artisans, and fqr this reason the family assumed the surname of Dalal (broker). Mr. Dalal, after acquiring a rudimentary knowledge of Gujarati, entered the English school at Surat, in 1857. This school was afterwards raised to the status of a high school, and in 1860 young Dalal belonged to the highest class in the school. For further instruction his father sent him to Bombay. He was examined by Mr. E. Burke for admission into the Elphin- stone High School, and was admitted to the fourth class there. He was regularly moved up at every examination, until he sat in the ‘ candidate class,” asit was called. This was in 1864. Kashinath Trimbak Telang, who afterwards rose to be a judge of the High Court of Bombay, and Shripad Babaji Thakor, who passed successfully through the Civil Service Examination mm England, were in the candidate class with him, and were his intimate friends until their death. All three passed all the University examinations together, and took their degrees in the same year. They matriculated from the same class in November, 1864, and then joined the Elphin- stone College, of which the late Mr. John Powell Hughlings was acting Principal. The perma- nent Principal of this college joined in 1865 in the person of a young energetic honors man of Oxford, Mr. K. M. Chatfield by name, a gentleman who had only recently retired from the position of Director of Public Instruction. Ambalal Sakarlal Desai, from Ahmedabad, who entered the college at the same time as Mr. Dalal, rose to be Chief Justice of Baroda. It need not be stated that competition was very keen between all these students, but they all secured senior or junior scholarships, and passed together all the University examinations at the first trial. Mr. Dalal took first class in all his degree examinations—Bachelor and Master of Arts, and Bachelor of Laws. He was elected Junior Dakshina Fellow immediately on his passing the B. A., and was raised to a Senior Fellowship. He enjoyed this Fellowship for three years. There were many temptations in those days to choose the Law as a profession, but Mr. Dalal’s circumstances did not permit of his waiting for two or three years, so he was compelled to accept the Head Mastership of a high school, which was offered to him by Mr. Peile, Director of Public Instruction, with the prospect of a ‘good future in the Educational Department. He and Mr. Telang went together to call on Mr. Peile, at his request, but Mr. Telang refused the offer. In June, 1871, Mr. Dalal was appointed Head Master of Nariad High School, and in course of time he filled similar posts in the larger and more important high schools at Surat and Ahmedabad. In the interval he had the pleasure of acting as Professor of Mathematics in his old college. His services were transferred, in 1877, to the Judicial Department as Sub- Judge of Viramgam, and in the next year his services were lent by the British Government to the Native State of Cutch, as Naeb Dewan and President of the Jadeja Court, for one year. At the expiration of the year Mr. Chatfield allowed him to revert to the Educational Depart- ment as a Professor in the Gujarat College, of which he afterwards became Principal. In the interval he acted as Professor of Mathematics in the College of Science at Poona and as Vice- Principal of his old school the Elphinstone High School. It was naturally no little satisfaction to him to serve in the highest posts in all the institutions where he had once been a pupil. As Principal of Gujarat College he did good work and secured favorable remarks regarding his College from the Vice-Chancellor in his Convocation address. In 1889 His Highness the Maharaja Gaekwar offered Mr. Dalal an appointment in the Baroda service on very favorable conditions, one of which was the payment of pension under the British system, according to age and length of service, counting the period of British service, eighteen years, towards the ‘State pension. As His Highness honored him by person- ally making the offer and holding out good prospects of usefulness to the State, Mr. Dalal thankfully accepted. His first appointment was that of Subar (Collector) of the Kadi division and afterward of the Amreli division. He was then appointed President of the Baroda Educa- tional Commission, the result of the labors of which was embodied in three volumes. In addition to this, he was after a time appointed Huzur Kamdar, or Secretary, to His Highness the Maharaja, and, before the Educational Report was fairly out he was appointed Census Super- intendent. He wrote the Baroda Census Report for the year 1891. Immediately afterwards, he was appointed by His Highness President of the Commission before whom certain cases of importance were tried. From the post of Huzur Kambar he was raised to the temporary posi- tion of Revenue Naeb Dewan, and, on the abolition of that post, he was appointed Vidyadhi- kari (zidya, education ; and adhikari, chief or minister) of the Baroda State, which place he now holds. Mr. Dalal is also Joint Revenue Commissioner and Famine Commissioner for the Baroda State. Mr. Dalal’s eldest son, Mr. B. J. Dalal, B. A., was successful in the Indian Civil Service competitive examination in England, in 1893, and in 1894 was appointed Officiating Joint Magistrate of Gonda, Northwest Provinces. Janardhan Gopal Mantri, Esq., J. P. Mr. Janardhan Gopal Mantri, a member of the Somavanshi Kshatryia Pathare Com- munity, was born in July, 1832. He received his primary education in the Elphinstone Institution, remaining there until 1848, when he joined the college class in Dr. Wilson’s school. While studying there he was selected to teach the lower standard class in the school, and held that appointment for about two years, when the death of his father compelled him to leave college and take a situation. He thereupon became a clerk in an attorney’s office, on a salary of thirty rupees a month. * From this small beginning he gradually rose until he occupied in 1857 the high and responsible position of managing clerk to Dr. R. A. Dallas, Solicitor of the High Court, which post he held until 1859, and having a natural liking for the legal profession, he articled himself to Dr. Dallas the following year. In 1864 he passed the Government Law Examination, and was enrolled as a Solicitor in the following year, being made a Notary Public two years later. After a successful career of more than thirty-three years, Mr. Janardhan retired from business in 1896. He was a member of the Bombay Municipal Corporation from its constitution until 1882. He was nominated a Justice of the Peace by Government in 1880, a distinction which he still enjoys. He has been for a number of years on the Managing Committee of the Hindu burning and burial grounds. From the year 1872 till the present day he has associated himself with almost all public movements in the city having for their object the intellectual and social progress of the people, and is an advocate of female education amongst the Hindus. In appreciation of the work done in that direction by the Students’ Literary and Scientific Society, he endowed the Marathi Girls’ School managed by the society with a sum of money for an annual scholarship of Rs. 50. The Fergusson College of Poona has also received his support in the shape of an endowment of 1,500 rupees. He takes an active part in promoting social reform in his community, and he has worked zealously to put a stop to the evil practice of incurring heavy marriage expenses and extorting expensive presents from the bride’s relations. This he did before any similar movement had been set on foot by other Hindu communities. ; In his private charities, Mr. Janardhan does not appear to have lost sight of the claims of his caste. He contributed to the Ramnavami Fund in connection with the Ramnavami gathering of his community. He has had much to do with the present satisfactory condition of the dharamsala on Queen’s Road, opposite the Churney Road Station. The caste dharamsala of Mothi Pakhady, at Worly, also owes its renovation to Mr. Janardhan. Under the auspices of a caste institution called the Kshatriya Samaj, he settled in trust a sum of money, the interest of which is given to helpless widows and orphans of his caste. Mr. Harischandra Gopal, brother of Mr. Janardhan, held the post of Executive Engineer in the Baroda State, where he served for a long time. Before this he was Secretary to the Ahmedabad Municipality, and in recognition of his services to that city, he was honored by Government with the personal distinction of Rao Saheb. Dr. Pandurung Gopal, the youngest of the three brothers, graduated in the Government Medical College in the year 1864. He served as an Assistant Surgeon in several places, but he now devotes his time to private medical practice. His contributions to vernacular literature consist of the books ‘‘ Balroga Chikitcha,” ‘‘ Bharatwarshiya Wanavshadi Sangrha Kosh,’’ and a Catalogue of Indigenous Drugs, with their medical uses. Mr. Janardhan’s eldest son, Dr. Dadoba, also belongs to the medical profession and is an L. R. C. P. of London, and his second son, Mr. Keroba, is managing clerk to Messrs. Janardhan & Ardesir, Solicitors, Bombay. The Late Javaji Dadaji Choudhari, Esq., J. P. The late Mr. Javaji Dadaji Choudhari, founder of the well-known and extensive vernac- ular printing establishment called ‘‘ 7%e Nirnayasagar Press,” was born at Bombay in 183g. His parents being very poor, he was obliged to work for his livelihood from early childhood, and at the age of ten he found employment in the foundling branch of the American Mission Printing Press. Here he received the first lessons in the art wherein he was destined to earn a great name later on. He remained in the Mission Press for about ten years and then joined the “ Times of India’ Press. He then served for a number of years in the Induprakash and the Oriental Press, where he perfected his knowledge of type-founding, upon which he made up his mind (in the year 1864) to start a foundry of his own. He soon effected a revolution in the mode of casting Marathi type, and his manufactures, being more graceful and artistic in style than any in the market at the time, grew rapidly in public favor and had an extensive sale. Having so far succeeded in the matter of founding type, Mr. Javaji launched out in a new ven- ture by establishing a printing press of his own, which he named ‘‘ Nirnayasagar.’’ As in type- founding, so in printing, Mr. Javaji showed great resource and skill, and his press soon became famous as being the only printing establishment in Bombay which could turn out vernacular work in the best style, and it is gratifying to hear that his sons, Messrs. Tukaram and Pandu- rang, have fully kept up that reputation to this day. The Atkarva Veda, edited by the late Mr. Shankar Pandurang Pandit, and published by the Bombay Government, bears testimony to the enterprise of Mr. Javaji as a printer. Of the many printing establishments in Bombay, Mr. Javaji’s was the only one that accepted all the conditions as to the casting of new type, etc., to meet the requirements of the necessary Sanscrit text, and his establishment carried out that monumental work to the entire satisfaction of Government. The subject of this sketch was a patron of Mahrathi and Sanscrit literature and, at con- siderable pecuniary sacrifice, he published many valuable new and old works in those languages, ably assisted in this patriotic work by that well-known Mahrathi author, Mr. Vinayak Rao K. Oke. The most singular circumstance about Mr. Javaji’s life was that he rose to such eminence in the industrial world without any education to speak of. Despite this drawback, by means of his energy, industry and integrity in business, he attained to a foremost position and was made a Justice of the Peace by Government. He was by nature kind-hearted and was ever ready to help the needy. He died on April 5, 1892, at the comparatively early age of fifty- JANARDHAN GoraL MaNTRI. Eso, J. P. three. His death was mourned by a large circle of friends, and appreciative notices of his life’s work appeared in many of the papers. (150) THE LATE JAavajr DAapAjr CHOUDHARI, Eso., J. P. (151) LATE JEEJEEBHOY DADABHOY, ESQ. The late Jeejeebhoy Dadabhoy, Esq. Jeejeebhoy Dadabhoy was born in 1785 and died at his residence in Rampart Row,~ Bombay, on the twelfth of May, 1849, aged sixty-three years. He was a Parsee banker, merchant, agent and broker and had been in business upward of forty years during which period he was connected with a number of European mercantile houses. A few years before his death he retired from the firm of Messrs. Jeejeebhoy Dadabhoy, Sons & Co. but his sons carried on the business under his advice and guided by his experience. Mr. Dadabhoy was one of the most active among the native capitalists in the establishment of three banks in Bombay and he served as director respectively in the Oriental and Commercial Banks. To him and the first Sir Jamsetjee Jeejeebhoy, Bart., the inhabitants of Western India are indebted for the introduction of steam navigation for commercial and passenger traffic, the steamer ‘Sir James Rivett Carnac,’’ the first of the Bombay steamers, having been built by them. Mr. Jeejeebhoy Dadabhoy managed the steamship company so judiciously that in the course of six years it paid in profits a sum nearly equal to the amount invested. He was a large shareholder in the railway companies, the cotton screw companies, the steam navigation com- pany, the Colaba Land and Cotton Companies, most of the Bombay marine and life assurance companies, the Bengal India General Steam Navigation Company and several Calcutta insurance companies. His capital was likewise employed in making advances on coffee, sugar, cocoanut and other estates on the Malabar coast, also in Ceylon and in the Island of Bencoolen. Mr. Jeejeebhoy was for nearly twenty years a member of the Parsee Punchayet. The position frequently imposed important duties on him for the general benefit of the Parsee community. He was frequently called upon to arbitrate and settle matters in dispute between members of his community, as well as family quarrels, and his decisions invariably gained for him the esteem and respect of all those who submitted their disputes to him for settlement. In a word, he used his high position to heal dissensions, soothe animosity and put an end to misunderstanding and strife. In matters of charity his purse was always at the disposal of the poor of his community. His name is likewise to be found in almost all the lists of public subscriptions and private charities, both European and native. He responded to every call in support of native education and subscribed largely to the several public and private institutions. At the time of his death forty-two schools in various parts of the Bombay Presidency were wholly supported by his bounty. A temple costing 50,000 rupees was built entirely at Mr. Dadabhoy’s expense, and he contributed the cost of a number of tanks to supply water to the poor of Bombay. He left a widow, four sons, three daughters, twenty-one grandchildren and six great-grandchildren, to whom he bequeathed a large fortune. When the news of Mr. Dadabhoy’s death became known the crowd was so great at his house that the vast apartments were filled, and benches had to be placed in the street along and opposite the house for the accommodation of the visitors. The Parsee priests gathered in great numbers and prayers were repeated through the night. It was estimated that upward of 4000 persons were present at the funeral. The procession was a large one, the followers walking two-by-two according to the custom of their race. The sons of the deceased gentleman caused about 2000 rupees to be distributed in small sums to the poor, as well as 2000 pieces of mulls and lappets. On the third day, usually the grand ceremonial day, at half-past one, the friends and acquaintances commenced assembling, and by three o’clock upward of 3000 Parsees were present. The sacred fire was brought from the temple, and the religious service was performed. After the ceremony the Secretary to the Parsee Punchayet announced to those present that by his will Jeejeebhoy Dadabhoy had left a sum of 2,01, 300 rupees to be invested in Government securities in the name of eight trustees, and the interest to be divided among the charities for the relief of the suffering poor of his community. Bomanjee Jeejeebhoy, the eldest son present, likewise announced that the family had raised a subscription of 12,859 rupees, which they intended adding to the above-named charitable fund. The reception lasted till seven o’clock, when prayers were resumed and continued till late at night. On the following day, the usual custom of feeding poor Parsees was gone through, and more than two thousand five hundred persons partook of the repast. There were also charitable distributions in the towns of Surat and Broach where Parsees resided. Mr. Jeejeebhoy was the founder of the family of which at present Mr. Rustomji N. Byramjee Jeejeebhoy is the recognized head. (152) Jeejeebhoy Framjee Petit, Esq., J. P. R. JEEJEEBHOY FRAMJEE PETIT, the only son of the late Mr. Framjee Dinshaw Petit, and grandson of Sir Dinshaw Ma- neckjee Petit, Bart., the distin- guished Parsi philanthropist and capitalist, was born in Bombay on the seventh of June, 1873. \ Having received a fair English and general education at the Fort High School in Bombay, and subsequently at the hands of an English tutor—a Cambridge graduate—he succeeded his maternal grandfather, the late Mr. Nesserwanjee Manockjee Petit, in the conduct of the agency of the Oriental Spinning and Weaving Mills. These mills contain 69,000 spindles and 1200 looms and give employment to about 4000 laborers. Besides these mills he 1s concerned largely in the management of seven other cotton spinning and weaving manufactories in Bombay, which contain, in the aggregate, 208,000 spindles and 3447 looms, and are a source of livelihood to no less than 12,000 hands. FRAMJEE PETIT. JEEJEEBHOY RS. M P J *), IEE PETIT, ESQ JEEJEEBHOY FRrRAM (153) Although only in his twenty-second year Mr. Jeejeebhoy has already begun to evince a healthy and intelligent interest in the management of several large charitable and educational establish- ments in Bombay. He is a trustee and honorary treasurer of the Nesserwanjee Manockjee Petit Charity Fund, and is on the Board of Management of the Zoroastrian Girls’ School Association; the Moolla Feroze Madrasa; the Jamsetjee Nesserwanjee Petit Library; the Bombay Native Dispensary, and several other useful institutions. He was appointed a Justice of the Peace by the Government of Bombay in 1894, and in January, 1895, he was elected a Councillor of the Bombay Municipal Corporation by the rate-payers of Bombay. Since his election he has taken a very active and intelligent part in the deliberations of that important body, in whom is vested the entire management of all the civic affairs of that important seaport town. He has already begun to show a thorough capacity for business and a firm grasp over various questions of public utility, and has thus been winning the approval of his fellow citizens. He promises to become, in the near future, a highly useful and popular member of Bombay society, in which, in due course of time, he will be called upon to occupy a most distinguished position, being the heir apparent to the baronetcy of Sir Dinshaw M. Petit. Mr. Jeejeebhoy married in March, 1894, Dinbai, the eldest daughter of Sir Jamsetjee Jeejeebhoy, Bart., C. S. I. KHAN BAHADUR JEHANGIR PESTONJEE VAKIL. Khan Bahadur Jehangir Pestonjee Vakil. The above gentleman belongs to an old and honored Parsee family noted for their chari- ties. He was born at Ahmedabad in May, 1844. He and his brother do business together under the well-known firm of Nowrojee & Jehangir Pestonjee Vakil. Mr. Jehangir is President of the Parsee Punchayat, of Ahmedabad, and he and his brother, Khan Bahadur Nowrojee Pestonjee Vakil, were founders of the splendid Fire Temple and other buildings for the use of Parsees in (154) the same city. Jehangir Pestonjee Vakil was made a Khan Bahadur in 1895. The Late Joomabhoy Laljee, Esq., J. P. The residents of Bombay can hardly have forgotten the tall and commanding figure of Joomabhoy Lalji, for he was seldom absent from any public gathering of importance in his day. The traveling public will perhaps remember him most by reason of his well-directed and successful efforts to cheapen the cost of passages by coasting steamers. Mr. Joomabhoy came of a highly respected Khoja stock, long known in Cutch. The family were known as the Sumar Shet family at Samagogha, in Cutch, at which place Mr. Joomabhoy was born in 1841. Mr. Lalji, the father of the deceased, was a man of an enterprising character, who carried on trade on the Arabian and African coasts as well as in China. He left his native village and went to Bombay, where he made sufiicient progress in his English studies for all practical purposes. He was part proprietor with his brothers, Messrs. Hajibhoy and Abdoolabhoy—both still alive and numbered among the leading members of their community in Bombay —of several coasting steamers plying between Bombay, Goa, and the Kathiawar coast, and by his tact and enterprise he made these coasting steamers popular by reducing the fares, and this in the face of keen competition, personal gain being meantime ignored. For several years he held the Government Commissariat contract in Aden, and maintained trade connections with Maculla and other places on the Arabian and African coasts, and these commercial relations are still maintained by the enterprising house established by him. Mr. Joomabhoy's amiable qualities secured for him a large circle of friends among all classes of people, by whom he was both loved and esteemed. As a prominent and useful mem- ber of the Khoja community, his merits were much appreciated. He was made a Justice of the Peace by the Government. He was about the same time returned by the rate-payers of Mandvi Ward to represent them in the Municipal Corporation of Bombay, and he took a leading part in the deliberations of this body, always acting with independence in the interests of his constituents. Mr. Joomabhoy’s private charities were numerous. A hospital in Cutch-Mandvi, a school for the young of his community at Mundra in Cutch, and a dharamsala at Samagogha owe their existence to his practical fieticvolence, Mr. Joomabhoy was for vears a victim to an affection of the kidneys, but he bore his sufferings with patience and cheerfulness in the midst of an active life. He passed away at his residence at Malabar Hill on the nineteenth of August, 1887, at the age of forty-six, his death being regarded not merely as a loss to his community, but to the general public of Bombay. He left one son only, Mr. Fazalbhov, who inherited many of the best traits in his father’s character. Mr. Fazalbhoy is one of the representatives of Mandvi Ward in the Municipal Corporation of Bombay. (155) THE LATE JoomaBHOY LALJEE, Esq., J. P. The Late Dr. K. N. Bahadurji, B. Sc., M. D. The late Dr. Kaikhusru Nusservanji Bahadurji was born on the fourth of November, : 1860, at Umra, near Surat. He received his primary education at Umbra, and when his parents removed to Bombay he was placed in a proprietary school conducted by Mr. Hormusji Jehangir. Later on, his studies were continued at St. Xavier's School, from where he passed his Matricu- lation Examination. During his collegiate career at the same institution he passed his F. E. A. and then went up for his B. A. degree, but was plucked. He next competed for the Gilchrist scholarship, which he secured. He then proceeded to England, where, as Gilchrist scholar, he joined the University College of London, and passed the preliminary Science and the M. B. examinations with distinction. In recognition of his successful career at the college, the Gil- christ Trustees were pleased to grant him an extension of the scholarship by way of offering him special facilities for research work. Taking advantage of the opportunity thus offered, he first went to the Pasteur Institute, and afterwards proceeded to Berlin, and worked under Pro- fessors Koch and Virchow and other eminent bacteriologists, who testified to his special aptitude for the work. Dr. Bahadurji then returned to London, and took his M. D. degree. He also passed his B. Sc. examination, and he was the first student from Bombay to take two such high degrees within the space of five years. He was awarded several prizes and medals for proficiency in different subjects. : When Dr. Bahadurji returned to Bombay he took special interest in the question of Medical Reform, the advocates of which contemplated raising the position and status of the graduates of the Grant Medical College. He strenuously and consistently fought in the Uni- versity Senate, of which he had become a member, for the substitution of the ‘“ M. B.” for the “I, M. and S.” examination. He contended that the University ought to confer on medical graduates the degree of Bachelor of Medicine instead of a license, which detracted so much from the status and position of those who were, as far as their studies went, on a par with those who obtained similar degrees in England and elsewhere. The Government of Lord Reay introduced various medical reforms, among them being the scheme of appointing honorary physicians and surgeons to the Sir Jamsetjee Hospital, and Dr. Bahadurji received the appoint- ment of Honorary Physician. He was also appointed Professor of Pharmacology in connection with the Framjee Petit Laboratory for three years, His Highness the Gaekwar providing the salary for the post. ' About seven years ago Dr. Bahadurji secured a seat on the Municipal Corporation on behalf of the University, and at the next general election he was returned by the rate-payers of the Bhuleshwar Ward. At the time of his death he represented that ward in the Corporation. He was also a member of the Standing Committee of the Corporation. The subject of Sanita- tion received his best attention, and during the last two years of his life he was unremitting in pointing out the best means of coping with the Plague. In 1891 Dr. Bahadurji went to England as a delegate to the Congress of Hygiene and Demography. In 1896, after his return to Bombay, he was selected by the Medical Profession of Bombay and other towns of India as a delegate to give evidence before Lord Welby’s Com- mission, regarding the unsatisfactory state of the Profession as compared with the Indian Medical Service. He had the honor of being elected President of the Medical Union of Bombay, and also of the Medical and Physical Society. He also filled the chair of a Syndic in Medicine for the same period As a member of the Indian Congress Dr. Bahadurji seldom took part in politics, the only subject he took up being connected with his profession. When the Plague first broke out in Bombay, several members of the Medical Profession left the city for safety, but Dr. Bahadurji remained, and established a fever hospital under the auspices of the Parsi Punchayet, to which he gave his services without remuneration. He was able to raise a large amount of money for the maintenance of the hospital, wheresat no one time fewer than a hundred patients were being treated for plague. He devoted some five or six hours a day to visiting the patients and other- wise superintending the work of the hospital, and often paid it surprise visits at midnight to see that everything was going on as he desired. He continued to visit the hospital until about a fortnight before his death. By way of acknowledging his services to the Parsi community, the members of the Punchayat, among them being the late Sir Jamsetjee Jeejeebhoy, Bart., and FazarLeHoy JoomABHOY LALJEE, ESO. Sir Dinshaw Petit, Bart., convened a public meeting of the Parsis, where silver vases and a silver tea-set, with suitable inscriptions, were presented to him as tokens of the esteem and affection in which he was held by the Parsi community. The Parsis, who deeply deplore his loss, will not readily forget the many services rendered by him. Dr. Bahadurji died in 1898 at the early age of thirty-eight. THE LATE Dr. K. N. BAHADUR]I, B. Sc., M. D. (157) The Late Hon. Mr. Justice Kashinath Trimbuk Telang, M. A., C. 1. E. In the Mahratta Country, on the western coast of India, there are very few Hindus who can be said to possess the qualities which go to make a scholar, a critic, a politician, a reformer, and an orator combined. Such a man, however, was the late Hon. Mr. Justice Kashinath Trimbuk Telang, who belonged to a well-to-do middle-class family of Gond Saraswat Brahmans. He was born on the thirtieth of August, 1850, and was the second son of Mr. Bapu Ramchandra Telang, but in his infancy he was adopted by his uncle, Mr. Trimbuk. Mr. Telang received his early education at the Elphinstone Institute. He matriculated in the year 1864, and entered the Elphinstone College, graduating there in 1867. He took his M. A. degree the following year, carrying off the Bhagwandas Purshotamdas prize for proficiency in Sanskrit literature, and having passed his LL. B. degree in 1870, he was called to the bar in the year 1872. As an advocate he gained golden opinions from one and all, as both a sound lawyer and and an authority on Hindu law, and he was raised to the Honorable Bench of Judges in 1880. For his services on the Educational Commission he was created a C. I. E. Mr. Justice Telang was not only a successful lawyer and a sound judge, but he was a keen educationist, and his labors in the senate of the Bombay University were duly rewarded and honored by Govern- ment, who created him Vice-Chancellor of the Bombay University. Mr. Telang was thus the first native of learning in the Bombay Presidency to receive this high distinction. Mr. Justice Telang’s useful work in connection with the Bombay branch of the Royal Asiatic Society led that body to show their appreciation by electing him their president. His successful refutation of Professor Weber’s theory that Ramayan was copied from Homer, and his versified English translation of the Bhagvatgita, together with other Sanscrit works, gave him a prominent place among Sanscrit Scholars. The last literary work of this gifted Hindu was his *‘ Glean- ings from Mahratia Chronicles,” which he contributed to the proceedings of the Congress of Oriental Scholars in 1892. Mr. Telang’s speeches in the Bombay Legislative Council on the Bombay Municipal Bill of 1888; the Land Revenue Code Amendment Bill; the Talukdari Act; the Heriditary Officers’ Act; and his protest against the imposition of the Cotton duties and the Liceuse Tax bear more than ample testimony to the work dope by him. As a public speaker, it may be doubted whether Mr. Telang has ever been rivalled by any Native of India, for chasteness of style, for close reasoning, and for melodious and impressive delivery. His private life was exemplary. His untimely death, in September, 1898, at the comparatively early age of forty-three, was mourned all over India as a national loss. Lord Harris, the then Governor of Bombay, spoke as follows about this worthy son of India: ‘He was a great man, a wise judge, a deep-read scholar, and a power in the Bombay Presidency.’’ Kazi Abdul Karim Kazi Noormahomed. Mr. Kazi Abdul Karim enjoys a high position among the Memon Community. His forefathers were natives of Porebunder, Kathiawar, but about sixty-years ago they moved to Bombay, and it was there that the subject of this sketch received his education in a private school. He became conversant with Arabic, Urdu, Persian, and other Eastern vernaculars, and, needless to say, English. Mr. Kazi Abdul Karim’s father, the late Mr. Kazi Noormahomed, was the first Native to establish a publishing business in Bombay, viz., the present ‘‘ Aarimia Fress,” at Byculla, one of the most flourishing printing houses in the Presidency. The Koran and other religious books issued from this press are popular publications, commanding a ready sale. Mr. Kazi Abdul Karim, the proprietor, distributes a quantity of religious reading matter amongst his poor brethren free of cost. There are few public movements in the city with which Mr. Kazi Abdul Karim is not identified, and to which he does not contribute both money and time, for, though natuarally of a quiet and retiring disposition he is always ready to assist charitable institutions. Amongst other gifts, he gave a sum of 20,000 rupees toward the establishmentof a free library for Mahomedans, in memory of his beloved and only son. This institution is known as the ) ‘ Karimia Library,” and is situated in the central hall of the Anjuman-i-Islam building 1a Hornby Road. It has an excellent collection of Arabic, Persian, Urdu, Gujarati, and English books, and is one of the largest institutions of its kind in Bombay. The opening cere- mony was performed on the twenty-eighth of March, 1899, by His Excellency Lord Sandhurst, the Governor of Bombay, who, in his opening speech, eulogized the services rendered by Mr. Kazi Abdul Karim in the interest of Mahomedan education. He said, 772fer- alia: ‘‘ The Karimia Library will always stand as a monument to Mr. Kazi’s liberality in the cause of Mahomedan education.” 2 Mr. Kazi Abdul Karim also erected a madrasai (school), in memory of his deceased brother, Mr. Fateh Mahomed, where more than a hundred boys now receive instruction and are provided with board and lodging at Mr. Kazi Abdul Karim's expense. Another madrasai, bearing his own name, was also established by him, and about three hundred boys now receive an elementary education in this institution. He is a trustee of the Masjid, Mad- rasia Ebrahim, and several other public bodies. : Mr. Kazi Abdul Karim rendered appreciable assistance to the distressed poor at the time of the Hindu-Mahomedan riots in Bombay in 1893, by supplying them with free grain and clothing for about a week. It is said that some eight hundred of the poorer refugees were THE LATE Ho~N. MR. JusTICE KASHINATH TRIMBUK TELANG, saved from starvation by the charity of this philanthropic gentleman, and there are at present M.A.LLB.C.I1L. many poor families among the Mahomedans that depend entirely on him for their main- tenance. (158) EsQ., J. P., BAR.-AT-LAw. ) ZI KABIRUDDIN Ka MAHOMED. Noor UL KARIM KAzr AZI ABD K (159) Kazi Kabiruddin, Esq., J. P., Bar.-at-Law. Mr. Kazi Kabiruddin, who was born in Ahmednagar, in November, 1872, is connected with many of the leading land-owners and jagirders of the Bombay Presidency. His father, Kazi Moulvi Mufti Bakir Saheb, served under the British Government as a Mahomedan Law Officer in various courts of the Deccan until he retired on a pension. As he lost his parents at an early age, the guardianship of young Kazi Kabiruddin devolved upon his uncle, Mr. Mir Chiraghuddin, who has held various posts under the British Government. The great grand- father of Mr. Kabiruddin was once Prime Minister of Dharampore State, and while in that position he rendered valuable services to the British Raj during the Pindaree wars. The educa- tion of Mr. Kabiruddin was undertaken by his uncle, who was serving in Khandesh at that time. He taught him Sanskrit as his second language for the Matriculation Examination. Mr. Mir Chiraghuddin, who was himself a highly educated man, with liberal views and refined taste, discerned in his nephew signs of genius, coupled with sharpness and a quick grasp of - surrounding circumstances. Mr. Kabiruddin was placed in Mahaboob College, but he was withdrawn from there by his uncle and sent toc England to compete for the Indian Civil Service Examination. Having failed to pass this examination he joined Gray’s Inn, and was called to the Bar in June, 1895. He was sworn in as an Advocate of the Bombay High Court in Septem- ber, 1895, and in the next month he was engaged in the celebrated Dhulia Riot Case, and this case established his legal reputation. Since then he has been engaged in several important civil and criminal cases in Bombay and elsewhere. While in England, Mr, Kabiruddin attended the meetings of the London County Council and made a careful study of the subject of local self-government. He takes a keen interest in social questions relating to the Indians in general and to the Mahomedans in particular, and he is a keen supporter of female education amongst the Mahomedans. While in London he became a member of the National Indian Association, and he still continues to be a member of the Bombay Branch of that Association. He was a member of the Central Mahomedan Asso- ciation known as the Anjuman-i-Islam, London, and he was elected Honorary Secretary, then Vice-President and finally President of that body. He was a member of the London Indian Society, of which Mr. Dadabhoy Nowrojee was President, and he became Honorary Secretary as well as Vice-President of that body also. He belonged to the Indian Brotherhood of Total Abstainers, of which Mr. Caine was President. Mr. Kazi Kabiruddin was returned, in 1898, a member of the Bombay Municipal Cor- poration as a representative of Byculla Ward. His popularity among the Mahomedans will be gathered from the fact that, though eight candidates were in the field, he stood at the head of the poll. Since his election he has taken an active part in the deliberations of the Corporation. Since the outbreak of Plague he has rendered valuable assistance to the various plague committees. He is one of the four Mahomedans whose names were mentioned in the Annual Plague Report of Sir John Campbell, and he was made a special plague authority for East Bombay. He isa Member of the Managing Committee of the Presidency Association, Bombay. After the death of the Honorable Mr. Dharamsee, Mr Kazi Kabiruddin was elected Honorary Secretary of the Anjuman-i-Islam, Bombay. Being a member of the school committee of that body, he supervises the Anjuman-i-Islam High Schools and two branches of the same. In the year 1898 the Government of Lord Sandhurst made Mr. Kabiruddin a Justice of the Peace for the Town and Island of Bombay. Khan Bahadur, the Hon. Kazi Shahabudin, C. I. E. Khan Bahadur Kazi Shahabudin is the son of the late Banda Kazi, Kazi Ibrahim, of Savant Wadi, a small Native State in the Southern Mahratta country, and was born in 1832. His father belonged to an Arab Kuresh family which settled in that part of India several cen- turies ago. Having received a sound education—Ilatterly at the Poona College and the Engineering School—Mr. Shahabudin’s abilities attracted notice in high quarters and he was appointed head clerk at Bhooj, under Colonel Sir G. Le Grand Jacob, Political Agent of the Wadi State. Shortly afterwards, he was appointed Secretary to a Council of Regency, which had for its President the late General Trevelyan, Political Agent, and which was formed for the conduct of the affairs of the State of Kutch. Mr. Shahabudin’s services were especially valued by this Council. The tact and energy displayed by him during the troublous times of the Mutiny resulted in his being offered an appointment in the Educational Department of Sind, but the Political Agent wrote saying that Mr. Shahabudin could not then be spared. Subse- quently, however, his zeal and aptitude were recognized by his appointment as an assistant in the Revenue and Financial Department of the Bombay Secretariat. His rise, as an official, from that time was speedy. He became a first-class mamlatdar in Gujarat, and two years later, having passed the higher examination with credit, he was appointed Deputy Collector of Surat, under Mr. (afterwards Sir) Theodore Hope, who was then Collector of the district. By reason of the impression caused by the excellent manner in which he performed his duties as head clerk to the Political Agent, and as secretary to the Council of Regency in Kutch, His Highness the Rao selected Mr. Shahabudin to fill the important position of Minister when that post became vacant in 1868. Owing to the strained relations between the Rao and the Political Agent, in what was known as the ‘ Bhayad Case,” Mr. Shahabudin was sent to England, where his presence smoothed the way for a satisfactory settlement of the case. Whilst in London Mr. Shahabudin acted as honorary secretary to the East India Association for nearly three years, and for two years he was professor of Oriental languages at the University College, London. He also gave evidence before the Parliamentary Committee appointed to enquire into the financial condition of India. When he was about to return to India in 1873, he received an appointment as atfaché to Sir Bartle Frere’s Mission to Zanzibar for the suppres- sion of the slave trade, and during the time he was with the Mission he acted as special corres- pondent to the London Daily Telegraph. He then returned to Kutch and resumed his duties as Minister, but shortly afterwards he was constrained to resign. Mr. Shahabudin’s next political office was Assistant to the Dewan of Baroda in the administration of the affairs of that state and in this connection he highly distinguished him- self for ability, tact, and judgment. In 1877 the title of Khan Bahadur was conferred upon him by the Viceroy, and in 1880 his services were further recognized by his appointment to the Companionship of the Order of the Indian Empire. In April, 1881, Khan Bahadur Shahabudin, O. I. E., was appointed by the Maharaja of Baroda to be his Minister, but in July, 1886, owing to ill-health he resigned this position and retired on a handsome pension. In September, 1886, he was appointed by His Excellency Lord Reay a Member of the Legislative Council, and he was also selected by the Viceroy as a member of the Public Service Commission. The Khan Bahadur is a Fellow of the Bombay University and a Justice of the Peace. Dr. Ismail Jan Mahomed, J. P. This rising physician is a personage of no small importance amongst that enterprising Mahomedan community in Bombay, the Klhiojas. He is descended from an old house long settled in Cutch Bhuj, but the family some time ago migrated to Bombay and have been pros- perous ever since. The intelligent career of young Ismail was foreshadowed in his infancy and his school course, during the early seventies, fully confirmed the prediction of a brilliant and useful life. He matriculated in 1880 and soon afterward joined the Grant Medical College. In 1883 he won the Anderson Scholarship, next year he carried off the Reid Scholarship for pro- ficiency in midwifery, and the following year he took the first-class Maclean Scholarship, and silver medal, besides obtaining most flattering testimonials from his Professors, Drs. Hatch, Barry and Parekh, Dr. Barry making him a presentation personally in appreciation of his skillful knowledge of midwifery. Dr. Ismail has since occupied several public medical positions Dr. Ismail JAN MAHOMED, J. P. with distinction. He was for five years a teacher of botany, materia medica and anatomy in Grant Medical College, subsequently being appointed Honorary Surgeon to the J. J. Hospital, and was a University Examiner continuously for five years. In 1895 he was elected a member of the Bombay Municipal Corporation, and the same year saw him nominated a Fellow of the Bombay University. Two years later he was elected a member of the Standing Committee of the Municipal Corporation. Dr. Ismail is a Freemason, a cautious but earnest social reformer, an advocate of female education and a man of independent attitude, with a practical manner of tackling any public question, and his connection with the Municipality has been responsible for not a few items of much-needed reform. When only twenty-seven years of age he was made a Justice of the Peace. Dr. Ismail belongs to that section of the community best described as ‘ public spirited,” and his comparative youth gives promise of a most distinguished future career in the interests of his fellow-citizens and to his own advancement. LL (161) KEersHASPJT RustToMmji DADACHAN]I, Eso. Kershaspji Rustomji Dadachanji, Esq. Kershaspji Rustomji Dadachanji was born at Nowsary on the twentieth of September, 1848. As there was no school in that town, he was taken at the age of six to Bombay, where his father had a school for training boys in the vernacular, preparatory to their admission into the Government English School, and Kershaspji was personally trained in this school. In January, 1857, he was admitted into what was then called the Fort Branch School, and in 1858 he entered the Elphinstone Institution. He matriculated in November, 1863, and passed the various examinations in the Arts course in 1869. He took his LL. B. degree in the following year, and secured a scholarship in the College. The Professors who took an interest in him were Grant, Hughlings, and Bulher, teacher of Latin and History. Soon after taking his B. A. degree Kershaspji was appointed English Teacher in the Sir J. J. Larthosti Madrasai, which institution was established in order to give instruction in the sacred languages of the Parsis to the sons of priests. Amongst his pupils who have attained eminence in the community for their knowledge of the Avesta literature are Shehriar Bharucha, Edulji Antia, and Temulji Anklesaria. While prep iring for the M. A. degree Mr. Kershaspji’s eye-sight became affected, and he was unable to continue his studies. This misfortune changed the whole of his future career. He accepted the position of Head Master of the Sir Cowasji J. Madrasai at Nowsary in 1872, and remained there till 1875, in which year he obtained an appointment in the Baroda service. This post was procured for him by the exertions of an esteemed and appreciative friend, Dewan Bahadur Laxmon Jagannath, whose friendship he had made while Head-master. Laxmon induced Kazi Shahabudin to interest himself in Mr. Kershaspji, and the two, acting together, persuaded Sir Madhavrao to give him the post of Naeb Suba. Thus two future dewans recommend to a third in power one who in subsequent years himself attained to the rank of acting dewan. In 1876, Mr. Kershaspji became Joint Judge of Kadi where there were heavy criminal arrears to be disposed of. The scarcity in Baroda in 1877 occupied the whole of the Suba’s time and energies, and Mr. Kershaspji was therefore called in to assist in the disposal of the regular Revenue work. He served thus as Personal Assistant for a few months, whence he was transferred to the District Judgeship of Baroda, which he held till 1884. For some years Mr. Kershaspji lectured on Law subjects to the Law Branch of the Vernacular College which had been established to impart instruction in the various professions in the vernacular. In 1885 he was appointed Assistant to Mr. Vinayekrao, the Naeb Dewan. He reverted to the judicial Department in 1886, and after two months spent as Acting Police and Settlement Commissioner he was transferred to the Revenue Department as Suba, in which capacity he served till 1893, when he was appointed pucca Second Judge. As Suba he served in all districts save Baroda. He was sent specially to Kadi to repress the opposition and disturbance of Devda Barots who were opposing the Barkhole Measure, and acted twice in the Office of Sir Suba. He was not, however, destined to remain long in the Judical Department, as in a year the Naeb Dewanship fell vacant, and a judicial man being necessary for the post, Kershaspji secured the place. At that time affairs were administered by a council during the Maharaja's absence in Europe, and Mr. Kershaspji became by virtue of his office a member of the Council. This was the time when the Barkhole operations were viewed with dissatisfaction, and much of the time of the Council was taken up in receiving and disposing of complaints of aggrieved persons. Mr. Elliot, the Survey and Settlement Commissioner, went on leave, and Mr. Kershaspji was, in addition to his other duties, entrusted with the charge of the Barkhole office. The next year saw another change. The Survey Department was added to the Barkhole, and the Naeb Dewanship was transferred to another office. In this office Mr. Kershaspji has worked since 1895, having in the interval acted as dewan on two occasions. While he was Suba and Judge he was deputed twice on special duty to Native States, once to inquire into and report on the question of Occupancy Right of Government cultivators and the desirability of granting full power of alienation, and the second time on the constitution of the Mysore Council and Repre- sentative Assembly. In each case a report was submitted. As will be seen, Mr. Kershaspji has served in the two principal Departments, viz.: the Revenue and the Judicial, for a considerable period, and has acquired both experience and knowledge of principles and details. He served for shorter periods in the Political and other Departments. His judicial work was favorably noticed by his superior, Sir I. Madhavrao, and by Mr. P. S. Melville, who was once Judge of the Punjab Chief Court. In the Revenue Department he was twice appointed to act as Sir Suba, and could have secured the permanent appointment had he not chosen to enter the Judicial Department. In the Survey and Settle- ment Department he nearly finished the settlement of the Assessment on the Raj except the Nowsari Jungle Talukas, settled almost all alienated lands, and decided many Water and Main Village cases, quieting the excitement prevalent when he took charge of the work. Mr. Kershaspji is at present Chief Justice of the Baroda State. Having twice acted as Dewan, to the satisfaction of both the Maharaja and the people of Baroda, it is to be hoped that he will secure the Ministership of the State before retiring from the service. (162) Krishnarao Antoba Chembulkar, Esq., B. A., J. P. R. KRISHNARAO ANTOBA CHEMBULKAR is a Hindu be- longing to the Somwavshi Kshatriya Community. He was. born in Bombay on the twenty-sixth of May, 1846. He belongs to a highly respected family which flourished in: the village of Chembur in the island of Salsette. He re- ceived his early education in the Elphinstone Institution, and on the completion of his course there, in 1862, his. father decided to obtain employment for him, and as he was then entirely dependent on his father, he was reluc- tantly compelled to yield to his wishes. In the meantime, however, he obtained, at the entrance examination in 1862, a free studentship in the Elphinstone College. Being desirous of acquiring a higher education, he entered that college, and, after six months’ study, secured a scholarship. He passed his: matriculation examination in 1862, the first examination in arts in 1866, and his B. A. in 1868. He joined the Educational Department as Second Assistant Master in the Surat High School in July, 1868, but as his health failed, he resigned that appointment in March, 1869. He then joined the Revenue Department of the Secretariat as an Assistant Superintendent, and by dint of hard work he rose to be a Superintendent. On the fifth of February, 1892, he was promoted to be acting Assistant Secretary to Government in the Revenue, Financial, and General Department, which is the highest post in the administration branch of the Secre- tariat, to which even a native of culture and ability may aspire. He was confirmed in that post in June, 1893. In the meantime Government was pleased to appoint him a Justice of the Peace for the city of Bombay. The year 1897 brought for Mr. Krishnarao an academic honor, as he was appointed a Fellow of the Bombay University. This distinction had never before been conferred on any of the members of his community. He is the first graduate and the first Fellow of the University in his community, and the members of his family are justly proud of him on that account, and it is only fitting that a getlemen holding such a conspicuous position in his community should command, as he does, respect from all those who appreciate what these distinctions mean. The Late Khursetjee Nusserwanjee Sirvai, Esq. HE late Mr. Khursetjee Nusserwanjee Sirvai was the eldest son of the late Mr. Nusserwanjee (the medical attendant on the late Khunderac, Gaekwar of Baroda), and was educated in Bombay at the Elphinstone High School, and subsequently at the Elphinstone College, where he made his mark as a student of English literature. He entered Government ser- vice in 1868, and was appointed License Tax Officer on the recommendation of the Hon, Mr. E. W. Ravenscroft, and in August, 1882, the duties of Inspector of Factories were tem- porarily added to his office. On the first of April, 1886, when the income tax was reimposed, he was appointed to the responsible post of Collector, which position he held with marked success until his death. Mr. Sirvai was not only very popular among the native community, but commanded the respect and admiration of all who came in contact with him, and they were naturally very many. He was appointed by Government a member of the Bombay Municipal Corporation. He took great interest in sport, and was a member of the committee of the Parsee Gymkhana, and of the committee for the selection of the Parsee Cricket Eleven, who annually play matches with the Presidency eleven. He always tried his utmost to create a taste for physical exercise among his co-religionists. From the end of 1892 till the middle of 1893, Mr. Sirvai took furlough, employing his time by traveling in Europe, visiting the principal cities. Mr. Sirvai died on the twenty-second of January, 18g7—somewhat suddenly, after an attack of fever—in the prime of his mat hood, being but fifty years of age, all the local papers testifying to the deep regret of the general community at his untimely death. He was described as one of the brightest ornaments of Parsee society in Bombay. KRISHNARAO ANTOBA CHEMBULKAR, B. A.J. P., T.B. W. THE LATE KHURSETJEE NUSSERWANJEE SIRVAI, EsQ. (164) The Rev. Dr. D. Mackichan, M. A., D. D., Principal of Wilson College. The subject of this sketch takes rank among the foremost educationists of the present time who have worked zealously for the spread of higher education among the Natives in the Bombay Presidency. The Rev. Dr. Mackichan has rendered invaluable service to the educated classes in Bombay, and has throughout his career followed in the footsteps of the late Rev. Dr. John Wilson of pious memory—the pioneer among the missionaries in this Presidency. Dr. Mackichan was born in 1851. = He entered the University of Glasgow at an early age, and took the first place in Greek, Mathematics, Physics, and English Literature. Several years were devoted by him to the study of Physics under Sir William Thomson, now Lord Kelvin. The results of these researches were published later on in the Transactions of the Royal Society. On completing his theological studies in Scotland, he proceeded to Germany, and studied under Delitzsch, Luthardt, and Kapnis at the University of Leipzig. There he acquired a thorough mastery of the German language, and became conversant with the methods of German University education. Dr. Mackichan left Scotland in 1875 for India as a Missionary of the Free Church of Scot- land, and joined the staff of the Free General Assembly’s College as Professor of Mathematics and Science. This Institution was developed in 1861 into a High School and College from an English school for Native youths which had been founded by Dr. Wilson as early as 1832. Dr. Wilson was at that time the Principal of this College. At the close of his first furlough in 1883 the Rev. D. Mackichan received the degree of D. D. from his University, and on his return to India in 1884 he was appointed Principal of the College. During his Principalship the College attained to such efficiency, and the number of students increased to such an extent, that the accommodation in the old building in Khetwadi was soon found to be insufficient. Thus the idea originated of having a new building for the College. It was through the zeal and untiring energy of Dr. Mackichan that one of the best sites in the city was procured from Govern- ment at Chowpatim, facing the sea. Though not very far from the buzz of the Native town, the picturesque College building occupies a quiet corner in a healthy and uncrowded part of Back Bay. During his visit to Scotland Dr. Mackichan raised the greater portion of the funds required for the erection of this building —several Native Princes of Western India also con- tributing liberally. The ceremony of opening the new building was performed by Lord Reay, the Governor of Bombay, on March 14, 1889, and the College was designated ‘‘ The Wilson College ’ in memory of its founder. The building, including the external laboratory, was erected at a cost of Rs. 1,81,000, of which Rs. 85,000 was advanced by Government. An idea of the high state of efficiency which this College has reached through the untiring efforts of Dr. Mackichan can be formed by comparing the attendance in 1875 of hardly forty students, with the four hundred and more on the Roll in 1896. In 1882 Dr. Mackichan gave important evidence before the Education Commission in Calcutta, and was consulted with regard to the new Grant in-aid Code of the Bombay Govern- ment, which arose out of the recommendation of the Commission. In 1888 the Government of Lord Reay appointed him Vice-Chancellor of the Uuiversity of Bombay. Whilst holding this high office, from 1889 to 1880, business of great importance and difficulty engaged the attention that learned body, and, on the termination of his tenure of office, Dr. Mackichan was compli- mented by Lord Harris on the manner in which he had discharged his duties during his Vice- Chancellorship. As Dean and Syndic in Arts, Dr. Mackichan has devoted special atttention to the advancement of scientific education in connection with the University. To popularized science, public lectures on scientific subjects have been organized under the auspices of the Wilson College Literary Society. These useful Lecture series have continued since 1887 and have become popular with the public. Dr. Mackichan had acquired proficiency in Marathi— the leading vernacular of the Presidency, and this led to his selection as Chairman of the Revision Committee of the Bible Society. In the initiation of this important work of Trans- lation Revision he had no inconsiderable share. Dr. Mackichan is also covnersant with the Classical Sanscrit of Hindustan, having devoted some of his time to this study, both in India and at the Berlin University. During the year 1898 he delivered the Wilson Philological lectures on Sanscrit and Prakrit languages derived from it. As a teacher, although a strict disciplinarian, he has endeared himself to his many pupils, and is very popular with the various Professors of the College. The Rev. Dr. and Mrs. Mackichan are well known among the poorer Indian students for the ready help extended to them. The fatherly interest manifested at all times by this popular Principal and his wife toward the past and present students of Wilson College accounts in no small degree for the love and esteem in which they are so justly held by the rising Indian youth. T'HE REV. DR. D. MACKICHAN, M. A., D. D. (165) The Late Madhavdas Rugnathdas, Esq., J. P. Mr. Madhavdas belonged to one of those families of the Kapole Bania caste which were among the earliest to settle in Bombay. His father was a wholesale dealer in certain Chinese products that were at one time largely used by natives of the Presidency. Mr. Madhavdas was born in Bombay in 1830. He received his early training in a Gujarati school, one of his fellow- students being the late Mr. Karsandas Mulji, who was one of the pioneers of Hindu social reform in the Bombay Presidency. Mr. Madhavdas, after completing his education, was employed as an apprentice in a Native firm. He then wished to trade on his own account, but his father, though well-to-do, declined to assist him because he held heterodox opinions on the social customs prevalent in his caste. However, with the small capital of Rs. 200, provided by his grandmother, Mr. Madhavdas made a start in life as a dealer in Chinese goods. At first he traded in partnership with Mr. Karsandas Mulji, but later on he carried on his trade alone, when Mr. Karsandas went to England. It may be added that Mr. Madhavdas commenced business with no encouragement, but by rare tenacity of purpose and excellent business habits, he succeeded in developing his trade to a large extent. His father practically disinherited him, on account of his advanced views in social matters, by bequeathing his large fortune to his elder brother (Mr. Madhavdas’ uncle), leaving Mr. Madhavdas a comparatively small sum only. All these circumstances, however, in no way daunted the spirit or changed the course of conduct of the young reformer. To the columns of the ‘‘Satya Prakash,’ a Gujarati weekly paper started by Mr. Karsandas Mulji in 1865, and devoted to the cause of Hindu social reform, Mr. Madhavdas contributed articles on ‘‘ Child-marriage’’ and ‘‘ Enforced-widowhood.”” He stood by the side of Karsandas Mulji in the well-known Maharaja Libel case, and assisted him in conducting his defence. In 1871 he advocated the remarriage of widows, which subject was then creating a sensation among the Gujarati Banias. He suffered much from the orthodox Kapole Bania caste, to which he belonged, but he bore it all patiently and courageously. He was not only a widow-remarriage reformer, but a supporter of social reform in general. Among the Gujarati Banias there are many absurd customs in connection with marriage, as well as with death, and these he took care to discourage wherever he saw that they tended to produce evil results. Mr. Madhavdas was a man of philanthropic nature, and he gave support to many poor boys in acquiring an education. In his usual unostentatious way, he set apart a handsome sum to be devoted to charitable purposes. It is said that about twenty-five widow-remarriages have been celebrated under his auspices. He named his building in Girgaum ‘‘ The Widow Remarriage Hall.? Mr. Madhavdas died in 1896, at the age of sixty-six. The cause of Hindu social reform suffered a heavy loss by his death, as it lost one of the most courageous, consistent and earnest champions of the Hindu widow marriage movement on the western side of India. He had a genuine hatred for shams of any kind and never hesitated to expose them. Having great faith in the advancement of the cause of social reform by fair legislation, he was very glad when tlie ‘“ Age of Consent Bill’ was passed, and his joy was manifested by the grand party he gave to Sir Andrew Scoble, the great supporter of the bill. He greatly wished to see a Native Widows” Home established in Bombay—a desire which probably his friends and admirers may carry into effect by raising a fund in his memory. His first daughter by his former wife was married to one of his own caste, the present chief medical officer at Rutlam, and who was supported and educated at Mr. Madhavdas’ expense, both here and in England. It is gratifying to note that Mr. Bhagwandas, the eldest son of Mr. Madhavdas, an under- graduate of the Bombay University, is following in the footsteps of his good father in the noble cause of widow remarriage and social reform generally. THE LATE MADHAVDAS RUuGNATHDAS, Eso. J. = (166) The Late Rao Bahadur Sheth Maganbhai Karamchand. HETH MAGANBHAI KARAMCHAND, the founder of the well- known firm of bankers, Karamchand Premchand, of Bombay and Ahmedabad, had five children, of whom Maganbhai, the eldest, was born in 1823. His father died when he was but eleven years old, so that he had to begin commercial life earlier than is usual with boys. In spite of his youth he was soon able to manage his business, being aided by his younger brother, Motibhai. He lost his brother and sister within a fortnight of each other, in 1851, but he bore the loss manfully. At the age of twenty he joined Sheth Hathising Kesarising in organizing a great pilgrimage, known as the ‘‘Shung,” for Panch Tirthi. Cholera, however, broke out ‘amongst this large concourse of men, women and children, who were moving from place to place of acknowledged religious sanctity, and the tour had to be abandoned. Sheth Maganbhai then went to Bombay, where he made the acquaintance of the first Sir Jamsetjee Jeejeebhoy, with whose love of charity he became imbued, and actuated by the example he established a girls’ school at Ahmedabad in a cost of Rs. 20,000. He made a hand- some contribution towards the funds of the Gujarat Provincial College, but those funds having since been transferred to the Gujarat College a scholarship is now awarded in this College, called ‘The Rao Bahadur Maganbhai Karamchand Scholarship,” for Government, in recogni- tion ofthe above mentioned act of charity, had been pleased to confer upon Sheth Maganbhai the personal title of ‘ Rao Bahadur,” which had a much higher value in those days than now. Government were also pleased to present him with a gold medal at a Durbar, presided over by Mr. Harrison, the then District Judge. Sheth Maganbhai was anxious to spread the knowledge of Jainism in his own commu- nity with a view to creating amongst the people a love for their religion, and for this purpose he founded a * Jain Sala.” He had very great faith in his religion, and it was this faith that induced him to visit the shrines at Junagadh and Palitana in 1855, and at Kesariaji in 1864, when he was followed by a number of devout pilgrims. Sheth Maganbhai spent considerable money in building a Jain Temple in Ahmedabad called the Temple of Ashtapadji, and another temple on the hill of Satrunjaya, a well-known Jain place of sanctity in Kathiawar. Shortly before his death he devoted a Jakh of rupees to different religious and charitable purposes. Having no male issue Sheth Maganbhai adopted as his Deirs Jethabhai, a son of his daughter, Samarathbai, and Sarabhai, a son of his niece, Chanchalbai. He died in 1864 at the early age of forty-one, having done a great deal of good during his short life. SHETH SHAMBHOOPRASAD BECHERDASS AMBAIDASS, (Lor Biography, see page 91.) (167) RAo BAHADUR THE HoN. MR. JUSTICE MAHADEV GOVIND Ranapr. M. A... 11.B..C. 1. B. The Hon. Mr. Justice Mahadev Govind Ranade, M. A., LL.B., C. I. E. Rao Bahadur Mahadev Govind Ranade was one of the most distinguished students of the Bombay Elphinstone College and disclosed early in life the high promise of his future career. He took a great interest in many different branches of learning in his academic days, and found time, after the ordinary duties of his college life, to study various standard works of literature, science, history and Oriental learning. He passed the University examinations with credit and distinction, and after taking his Master of Arts and his Bachelor of Laws degrees he went up for the Advocate’s examination of the Bombay High Court. He did not, however, practice at the Bar for any great length of time, for he was one of those, who, finding the prolonged struggles and the precarious existence of the Bar too much for them in the early days of their professional career, sought a safe refuge in the haven of Government employment. Mr. Ranade’s official career began as far back as the 28th of May, 1866, when he joined the Bombay Education Department. In 1868 he was selected to fill the appointment of Junior Professor of English Literature in the Bombay Elphinstone College. This did not look like the beginning of the road to the High Court Bench, but his career took a new turn when he was appointed Acting Assistant Law Reporter. in the Bombay High Court, from which appointment he was promoted to an Acting Magistracy in the City of Bombay. In June, 1872, he was permanently appointed a Subordinate Judge in the Judicial Department, and held this office with distinction till 1881. He was also vested with Small Cause Courts powers, and he exercised the final juris- diction of those Courts which are so much dreaded in the Indian mofussil with much discretion. He was the acting chief Presidency Magistrate of Bombay from January till March, 1881, and he was then placed on special duty, being appointed, under the Deccan Agriculturists’ Relief Act, to inspect and supervise the I.ower Courts in Poona and Satara. He was made Judge of the Court of Small Causes at Poona in 1884, and was in charge of the duties of Law Lecturer of the Deccan College at Poona from January till April, 1883. He was appointed a member of the Finance Committee under the Presidency of Sir Charles Elliott, in 1887, and in that capacity he visited many different parts of India. As a mark of recognition of his labors on the Finance Committee—for his cool head and clear judgment enabled him to do a good deal of useful work—he was made a Companion of the Indian Empire during Lord Dufferin's régime. He was confirmed as a Special Judge under the Deccan Agriculturists’ Relief Act, in May, 1887. In 1893 Mr. Ranade was appointed a puisne Judge of the Bombay High Court, in succes- sion to the late Mr. Justice Telang, his selection meeting with general approval, as Mr. Ranade had long been known and recognized as a man of culture and ability, as an acute and accurate thinker, and as an enthusiastic worker in the cause of social reform. He belongs to that forward school of social reformers who would not hesitate to invoke the aid of the legislature, if need be, to remove the social evils whose existence and demoralizing effects they feel so keenly. Mr. Ranade turns his attention with equal enthusiasm to the subjects of infant marriage, widow remarriage, the excessive expenditure attending the marriages and deaths of relatives and other social matters, with the object of enlightening public opinion on the perni- cious customs in vogue in connection with these subjects. The Hon. Mr. Justice Ranade is an orthodox Mahrati Brahmin. He is simple and quiet in his habits, a fluent and ready debater, an eminent lawyer, an able and highly respected judge and a brilliant conversationalist. He is a keen observer of human nature, exceedingly courteous, but very practical, and both officially and socially is generally popular. (168) notice of the public. From the nature of Mr. Mahomedbhoys The Late Mahomedbhoy Rowiji, Esquire, J. P. Among those who, by disinterested charities, endeared themselves to the public of Bombay, Mr. Mahomedbhoy Rowji (a wealthy and influential Khoja gentleman of that city) was worthy of the highest praise. He was not one of those so-called philanthropists who, regardless of the crying wants of their own countrymen, engage in works of so-called charity, with no better aim than that of acquiring an undeserved fame and whose charity is also too often only bestowed in pursuit of titles and honors. The need of such men as Mr. Mahom- edbhoy Rowji, who contribute their mite toward the relief of their destitute fellow-creatures for charity’s sake, and who do works of public utility for no other reason than that they are pleasing to God and useful to man, is most keenly felt in every community, and it may be truly said that in the case of the Khoja body such a need was well met by Mr. Mahomedbhoy, whose benevolences are in the truest sense of the term enlightened and endearing charities. Mr. Mahomedbhoy was born in Bombay in the year 1830. His father, Rowjibhoy Jeewanee, was originally an inhabitant of Cutch, but subsequently removed, for purposes of trade, to Bombay. He enjoyed the position of ‘“ Mukhi’’ or chief of the community. Mr. Mahomedbhoy, while only five years of age, was, according to the custom of the Khoja community, betrothed to Labai, a daughter of Mr. Dhunjibhoy Kurmalee, who was a distin- guished merchant of great influence, and who bore the title of ‘‘ Varas,”’ a name given as a. mark of great honor to but one individual in the Khoja community. He was recognized by the government of his time as the leading representative of the Khojas. Mr. Mahomedbhoy was the first Khoja gentleman who made a voyage to China, where he established a branch of his mercantile firm. Mr. Mahomedbhoy Rowji received very valuable assistance from his. father-in-law, to whose excellent example and advice he partly attributes his own success in life. Mr. Mahomedbhoy lost his father when but twelve years of age. He was sent to school and had to content himself with a fairly good knowledge of his mother tongue. In the year 1846, Mr. Mahomedbhoy married Labai, to whom, as previously mentioned, he had been betrothed. Under the guidance of his father-in-law, Mr. Mahomedbhoy acquired a good knowledge of business and, in the year 1853, along with others, he established a business in China. Various differences between the partners, however, necessitated the dissolution of the firm three years later, and Mr. Mahomedbhoy commenced business on his own account, and, by dint of intelligence, integrity and diligence, he succeeded in making a large fortune in a few years. In the year 1867, Mr. Mahomedbhoy Rowji lost his father-in-law, Mr. Dhunjibhoy Kurmalee, in honor of whose memory he distributed in charity, large sums among the poor. His Highness the Aga Khan, whom the Khojas revere as their spiritual head and the vicegerent of their Prophet on earth, assisted at the funeral ceremony, spoke: highly of the valued services the late Mr. Dhunjibhoy had rendered to the Khoja community, and subsequently His Highness conferred robes of honor and ‘‘ Khilats >> on Mr. Ebrahimbhoy, the son of Mr. Mahomedbhoy Rowji, who was then a minor, and appointed him heir to the ‘* Varasship,” which the deceased Mr. Dhunjibhoy Kurmalee had enjoyed, with authority to Mr. Mahomedbhoy Rowji to discharge the duties of the ‘‘ Varasship,” during his son’s minor- ity. On the occasion of the marriage of Mr. Ebrahimbhoy, which took place in 1876, Mr. Mahomedbhoy distributed large sums in charity among the poor. As it is considered the duty of every pious Khoja to visit the tomb of Imam Hoosein, the grandson of the Prophet, at least once in his life, Mr. Mahomedbhoy, in the year 1878, went with his family on a pilgrimage to ‘“ Kerbala,” the holy land of the Moslems, and visited, en route many interesting places associated with the birth or memory of the departed saints of the Mahomedans. Mr. Mahomedbhoy liberally distributed alms wherever he went, and returned to Bombay after nine months. Mr. Mahomedbhoy’s public charities date from the year 1883, and in all of them he seems unswervingly to have followed the golden adage, ‘ Charity begins at home.” They were all intended to ameliorate, as far as possible, the condition of the destitute section of the Khoja community and all of them filled long-felt wants. Nothing could be more in the spirit of enlightened charity than the readiness with which Mr. Mahomedbhoy settled, in trust, a valuable and commodious house in Bombay for the purpose of accommodating, free of rent, as many as fifty Khoja families. This institu- tion is largely taken advantage of by respectable middle class families of the community and it promises to be, for a very long time to come, a true blessing to them. The house remains fully occupied almost always, and that in itself is sufficient to show how needful such an institution was to the community to which the donor belonged. There are indeed instances of many natives having given houses for accommodating the poorer classes at low rents, but it is only fair to say that it was reserved for Mr. Mahomedbhoy to lead the way in providing accommodation for poor families of a community entirely free of rent. The wholesome example set by Mr. Mahomedbhoy, in this direction, was followed, some years later, by a munificent lady of the Parsee community, who gave by way of charity, a house intended to be an asylum to Parsee widows. No establishment of the kind, however, it may be men- tioned, existed in 1883, and this mode of assisting the poor may be regarded as having originated, so far as Bombay is concerned, with Mr. Mahomedbhoy. There may be, in England and elsewhere, numerous houses of such character, but unfortunately the natives of India are not keenly alive to the need of such institutions. They are inclined to found charitable works which are not so much needed, but which brin “donors more to the ties it will be easily perceived that there are in India at least some persons who are willing to take up the torch of enlightened charity from the West, and we hope that their example of unostentatious and discriminating charity will be followed by many other wealthy natives of India. Mr. Mahomedbhoy also set apart a certain sum from which clothes are distributed each year among the poor of the Khoja community, and the marriage expenses of girls of indigent families, as well as the funeral expenses of poor members of thecommunity, are defrayed. Hundreds of Khojas reap the benefit of this charity. The orphanage for children of the Khoja community, founded by Mr. Mahomedbhoy in 18go, did much to endear him, not only to people of his own particular creed, but to many other residents of Bombay. In founding this orphanage, Mr. Mahomedbhoy had in mind the too often forgotten truth that poverty is frequently a parent of immorality and crime, and that children left without parents and without means of support, often drift into a life of crime and vice, because they have no means of obtaining an education and are precluded in after life, from obtaining employment. Very often hunger and misery cause the first downward step, and institutions, such as the orphanage founded by Mr. Mahomed- bhoy, remove poor orphans from temptation, and must have a highly beneficial effect on the whole community. It provides a comfortable home for children at a time when the character is most susceptible to the influence of good or evil. If care is exercised in the selection of persons to preside over such institutions there is no doubt that the influence for good must predominate. The institution was opened on the twenty-third of March, 1890, before a large concourse of influential native gentlemen. His Highness the Aga Khan, who presided on the occasion, spoke in terms of high eulogy of the wealthy and venerable donor, and expatiated on the countless blessings which the institution would confer on the Khoja community, and warmly exhorted the natives to follow in the footsteps of Mr. Mahomedbhoy and, by similar charities lighten, as far as possible, the heavy burdens of human suffering. His Highness referred in eloquent terms to the ¢ Sikhakhana,” which is a resting-place estab- lished by Mr. Mahomedbhoy Rowji at Hassanabad, and to the similar charities founded by him at ‘“ Kerbala’ and elsewhere. This institution is named after his father-in-law, Mr. Dhunjibhoy Kurmalee, to whom Mr. Mahomedbhoy owed so much. His Highness, in con- clusion, presented two rich shawls to Mr. Mahomedbhoy Rowji and his son, Mr. Ebrahimbhoy, and said that in founding the charities, Mr. Mahomedbhoy had followed the noble example of his father-in-law and of his ancestors, who had earned numerous honors for the valuable services they had rendered to their community. On the twenty-sixth of February, 1893, the Khoja community presented an address to Mr. Mahomedbhoy in the presence of a large and imposing gathering at which all the native communities were represented. A large fund had been collected for the purpose and many gladly came forward to pay a tribute of respect to a modest and worthy citizen. The address was enclosed in a silver casket. Other addresses from the inhabitants of Cutch and from several other parts of India were also presented on the same occasion. Shortly before the conclusion of the ceremony robes of honor and ‘‘ Khilats,” received from His Highness the Aga Khan, who, owing to a bereavement, was unable to attend, were presented to Mr. Mahom- edbhoy and his son, Mr. Ebrahimbhay, amid loud applause. In the year 1894, Mr. Mahomedbhoy opened a sanitarium at Poona for the benefit of his community. It is situated on a breezy and salubrious site. The opening ceremony was held on the twenty-seventh of September, 1894, and was presided over by His Highness the Aga Khan. His Highness again dwelt on the liberal and sympathetic disposition of the founder who had done so much to deserve well of the public, and expressed a wish that he would live long enough to increase the number of his charities. We might add that the sum given by Mr. Mahomedbhoy in public and private charities was a very large one. The late Mr. Mahomedbhoy Rowji lost his wife in March, 1896, after a happy married life of fifty-two years, and on the first of May, 1898, he himself passed away, having lived to the good old age of three score years and ten. He was a truly religious man, and lived a very retired life for some years before his death. He was held in high esteem by everyone who knew him. He was a Justice of the Peace for the town and Island of Bombay. After his death and at the ‘‘ third-day ’’ (or zarat) of his funeral ceremony, his various benefactions were announced by Mr. Kamadia Ismailbhoy Cassum to a large gathering of the community assembled at the Khoja Jamatkhana. The Khoja Dhunjibhoy Kermali’s Orphanage, of which Mr. Mahomedbhoy was the founder, and which supports from twenty-five to thirty children, received two properties, one situated at Pallow Gully and one at Khadak, in addition to the three properties with which it had been endowed by Mr. Mahomedbhkoy during his lifetime. A donation of 2,000 rupees was given to the Orphanage in addition. The Sanitarium at Poona for the use of the Khojas, which he also established and endowed, received 5,000 rupees, and the sum of 30I rupees was left to the book fund of the Khoja Muljibhoy Jevraj Reading Room and Library. Gifts for charitable objects in Mecca, Medina, Kerbella, Najif, and other places sacred to Mussulmans, were also bequeathed. Mr. Mahomedbhoy handed over the manage- ment of his business some years before his death to his son, Mr. Ibrahimbhoy. MR. IBRAHIMBHOY MAHOMEDBHOY ROWJI was born in Bombay on the twenty-fourth of May, 1862, and educated there also, receiving the usual instruction in Arabic, Persian, Urdu, and Gujarati, in addition to his mother tongue. He also received a good education in the English language. After completing his scholastic career, he entered his father’s business, and was made a partner in the firm, which is now carried on under the title of Mahomedbhoy Rowji & Co. Mr. Ibrahimbhoy took full advantage of his opportunities, and he now superin- (169) MAHOMEDBHOY Rowjr, Esq., J. P. tends the whole of the business, besides looking after the large properties left by his father, of which he is the sole owner. That Mr. lbrahimbhoy is a liberal-hearted man may be seen from his contributions to different charities—to perpetuate the memory of his late father—on the *‘ third day ’’ ceremony, when both cash and property, to the value of 50,000 rupees, were given away. The money was used to swell different charity funds for the good of the Khoja community. Mr. Ibrahimbhoy is one of the recognized leaders of that community, and he holds the honorable position of the ‘“ Varas’ Besides being a recognized leader of the Khojas in Bombay, he takes an active part in public movements, and is often seen in the best Native and European society. Poh A i . Ga os Eso. ’ MABOMED HASSAN MAKBAH MAHOMEDBHOY ROWJI. AHIMBHOY IBR (170) Mahomed Hassan Makbah, Esq. Among the many rich and noble families that fled to India on account of the oppression The Makbahs on account of their general merit and respectability soon regained their past glory and influence, of Hajjaj Bin Yusuf, in Arak-i-Arah, the Makbah family was the principal. after having settled in India. This family made a name for themselves, and won rewards for their loyal and creditable services to the British Government, when the English first became the paramount power in this country. Mr. Mahomed Ibrahim Makbah was the leading member of the family. He was appointed the Mir-i-Munshi, a high and coveted post at that time, and he served Govern- ment in this capacity for about twenty-eight years. In recognition of his services he was rewarded by grants of jagirs. He was conversant with the English, Hindi, Urdu, Arabic, Persian, Mahrathi, Gujarati, and Hindustani languages, and when a member of the Board of Education, he took an active part in the preparation and publication of instructive books. In 1834 he was elected a member of the Elphinstone College Council, and in 1840 was appointed a member of the Boards of Education and of Conservancy. For his services he received several ‘The Right Honorable the Governor in Council participates in the regret which is felt by the Board at the testimonials from the Government, in one of which the following occurred: retirement of Mr. Makbah, and I am desired to request that the thanks of Government may be conveyed to him for his valuable and gratuitous services rendered as a member of the Board, and his philanthropic efforts during the long period of thirty-one years to promote Native Education.” Mr. Mahomed Ibrahim keenly advocated the education of the masses, and left large funds in trust for the purpose of maintaining three schools, where primary education is imparted to Mahomedan children. Mr. Mahomed Ibrahim Makbah left two sons, Mahomed Ismail, and Sheikh Ahmed, but, after his death, Sheikh Ahmed, the second son, was considered the head of the family. Sheikh Ahmed was famous for his knowledge of religion and law. He was an Arabic scholar and owned a large collection of Arabic books. He made an enviable reputation as a philosopher. He left behind him four sons, viz.: Mahomed Hassan Makbah, the present head of the family, Mahomed Syed, Mahomed Habib, and Mahomed Akbar. Mr. Mahomed Hassan Makbah, the eldest son of Ahmed Sheikh Makbah, was born in Bombay in 1871. He was educated under a private teacher named Hafiz, who instructed him in the Koran, and the Urdu, Arabic, and Persian languages, and during the short period of four years young Mahomed Hassan went through all the text-books of Persian and Arabic. After mastering these languages he joined one of the English High Schools of Bombay. He was, however, obliged to give up his school studies on the death of his father, as he was required to look after the extensive landed properties which his father had left. He continued his studies at home though, a private teacher being engaged to instruct him in English. He is a writer of Urdu and Persian prose and poetry, and has published and distributed several works in those languages. He is genial in manner, and of an amiable disposition, and appears to sympathize fully with any movement inaugurated for the progress and amelioration of his community. He set aside for them a sum of 10,000 rupees to be utilized in the improvement of their social con- dition. The Anjuman-Akhuwatul Islam, the Anjuman-i-Islam Library, and other public institutions of Bombay have also received help from him. He is himself a member of the Anjuman-i-Islam, and of the Aniuman-i-Islam Club, and is a life member of the Anjuman-i- Islam Library as well as a member of its managing committee. He is also a member of the Bombay Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society. He is a zealous adherent to the Mahomedan religion; has taken an active part in introducing reforms in burial ceremonies, and has, in many other ways, deserved well of his community. It is five years since he succeeded to the family estate, and the intelligence he has displayed in the use of his means gives promise of a further useful career. Mr. Mahomed Hassan takes a keen personal interest in all matters affecting the welfare of the general public. (171) Manassukharama Suryarama Tripathi, Esq., J. P., F. B. U., Etc. Mr. M. S. Tripathi, who was born in 1840 at Nadiad, in Gujarat, is a Nagar Brahman by caste. He lost his father in infancy. His mother was a woman of strong good sense and high character. As a boy, the subject of our sketch was of an enquiring and thoughtful disposition. At the age of sixteen he saw the necessity of acquiring a knowledge of the English language, to open up to him the wide field of Western culture, and to fit him for the political duties for which he was destined. His mother readily acceded to the desire of her son, and Mr. Manassukharama went to Ahmedabad and Kheda with the object of studying English, after which he joined the Elphinstone College at Bombay. Two years later he entered mercantile life, we are glad to say with results such as invariably crown integrity and close attention to business. In 1866, Mr. Manassukharama was appointed agent at Bombay, for the State of Junagadh in Kathiawar, on the recommendation of the late lamented Sujna Goculji Zala, Prime Minister of that premier State. As all, who are acquainted with life in the Presidency cities are aware, the agency of a native State is a calling which brings its occupant into frequent contact with the heads of administration, and which requires the exercise of tact and judgment. These qualities Mr. Manassukharama possesses in a marked degree, and it is well known that he has enjoyed the confidence not only of three successive Nawabs of Junagadh, but of H. H. the Maha Rao of Cutch, H. H. the Maharajah of Idar, and the other princes whom he has represented in Bombay. He was appointed agent for the Kachaja (Cutch) State in 1877, and for the Idar State in 1889. While thus engaged, he has continued to drink deeply at the fountain of knowledge. Mr. Manassukharama is honorary secretary to the Forbes Gujarati Sabha; a Fellow of the University of Bombay; a Justice of the Peace; president of the Buddhi Vardhaka-Sabha and trustee for several charitable funds. He has spent a large sum of money in instituting a lecture hall and library in his native town, Nadiad, to perpetuate the memory of his revered mother and that of his lamented wife. Had Mr. Manassukharama possessed ambition for public and civic honors, his high qualities would have been the means of gratifying it, but he is essentially a man of retiring and studious disposition, and so far from seeking great things for himself, he has been reluctant to take such honors as have been thrust upon him. It is owing to the traits in Mr. Manassukharama’s character indicated above that he has been able to enrich the vernacular literature of India by his contributions on literary, philosophical, critical and historical subjects through the medium of Gujarati. He is the author of ‘‘ Uttara-Jaya-Kumari”’ (a tale illustrating the beauty of moral worth), ‘‘ Desi Rajya’ (an essay on Native States), ‘‘ Vipatti-Vishaya Nibandha > (an essay on adversity), ‘‘Astodaya, and Nala and Damayanti,”’ (rising and falling, and the celebrated tale of Nala and Damayanti from the Maha Bharata), ‘“ Forbes Jivana Charita’’ (memoirs of the Hon. Mr. Justice A. K. Forbes), ‘‘ The Life of Sujna Goculji Zala and the Vedanta,’ etc., and he has translated the ¢“Vichara Sagara’ (the ocean of thoughts), a philosophical work of rare merit. Mr. Manas- sukharama has been engaged, for the last few years, in rendering the first great national epic of India, the Ramayana, into Gujarati verse, and in studying the Vedanta philosophy of Sankaracharya. Mr. Manassukharama has cherished in his heart Rama and Sankara, as inspiring idols, whose influence, he thinks, permanently enlarges the horizon of the mind which sincerely endeavors to mould its character after high ideals. As his life work has been profoundly influenced by this belief, it will serve as an illustration of our brief sketch of his career, to notice the principal characteristics of Rama and Sankara, the beau ideal of the Hindu. Rama is regarded as the paragon of temporal virtues, and Sankara as that of spiritual virtues. Rama, the embodiment of virtues, goodness and greatness, is less the great and good King than the moral and social symbol of which the name is no longer a mere proper noun, but the whole philosophy of altruism, truthfulness, justice, righteousness, love, nobleness, heroism, duty, kingliness. Sankara was a religio-philosophic seer in the truest and highest sense of the term. He knew the Brahman, the Highest Truth, and according to the Vedanta philosophy as well as to other teachings which have profoundly influenced the characters of men, to know, is to be. The brightness of Sankara’s genius, the depth of his understanding, the nobleness of his disposition, the purity of his life, the power of seeing, expressing and impressing the transcen- dental and divine truths have not and could not be surpassed. He moved in a veil of heavenly lustre, in whose presence thoughts shone with a divine light. Sankara demonstrated to conviction that the highest aim of cultivated and sensible men should be to realize that one, in seeking nothing, gains all; and in foregoing self, governs the universe—the Highest Self; the loss of personality, being no extinction but only the true life. It proceeds out of the intensity of the consciousness of the identity of Self with the Highest Self. This Self, or the individ- uality, dissolves or fades away into the houndless Absolute. That the Self (soul) which obtains the knowledge regains the identity with the Highest Self, which is pure existence, pure intelligence and pure happiness, or as Christ has said: ‘‘ I in them, and they in Me that they be made perfect in one.” The deep truths that underlie such noble and elevating thoughts may seem, to the cold and calculating materialist, to be mere foolish day dreams, but to those who have learned the lesson that the spiritual far transcends the temporal and material they will appeal, as containing the secret of real and lasting happiness. It is not always permissible for the biographer to lift the veil of private domestic life to see how far those who put before them high ideals, such as the foregoing, attain thereto. But a close personal friend of Mr. Manassukharama gives us a description of his mode of life which will indicate how far the attempt to carry out these ideals is made. Mr. Manassukharama devotes the whole of the forenoon to the study of the relio-philosophic Vedanta, and meditating on, realizing and MANASSUKHARAMA SURYARAMA TrreaTHI, Eso., J. P., F. B. U,, Erc. enjoying the truth of the maxim that ‘‘ Brahman *’ (God) is true, the world is false and man’s soul is Brahman and nothing else. Mr. Manassukharama spends the afternoon in literary work, and the business of the States which he represents. In the latter work, he has associated his only son, Mr. Tanassukharamas M. Tripathi, a graduate of the Bombay University, with himself, thus carrying out the Hindu theory that mundane affairs should be gradually relinquished by those who are advancing in years, and handed over to their children, whilst they devote the evening of life to philosophic meditation. Notwithstanding the fact that Mr. Manassukharama keeps himself in the background, his is a light which cannot be hid. He is ever ready by word and by deed, to help the struggling student, and to encourage talent generally. The position he occupies, and the scholarly life he leads, enable him to promote the good of his country, without thrusting his own personality on the notice of the public and he 1s most appreciated by those who know him best. + Pooneacoty Moodliar and Family. In the first half of the present century, and especially during the eventful changes from 1817 to 1828, few persons in Poona enjoyed more of the confidence, esteem, and favor of Government than Arcot Pooneyakoti Moodliar. He became so influential and popular that even now, fifty years after his death, his name still survives, and to this day his residence and the members of his family are more easily recognized by the name of their illustrious ancestor than by their respective individual names. The original Moodliar family possessed influence in their native land, having held high offices under the Mahomedan Government of Hyder Ali and Tippu Sultan. At an early age Pooneacoty removed from his native country and went to Mysore, which was at that time (1798) the seat of war. Here he undertook te supply the British Army with conveyances for the transport of ammunition and military baggage, and he performed the duties entrusted to him with great credit. He then followed the victorious British Army to the Deccan. Major-General Lionel Smith, writing from headquarters at Seroor to the Assistant Quartermaster-General of the Bombay Army in 1828, said: ‘‘The marches of my own division during the late war exceeded two thousand miles, exclusive of movements upon the enemy. In its progress, independent of my own heavy park, transferred to Brigadier- General Pritzler for the hill sieges, I was called upon to assist Colonel Deacon, Sir Thomas Munro, Colonel McDowal, and ultimately General Doveton, all of whom were supplied with guns and stores from this Division, the cattle for which, numerous beyond all engagements of these contractors, were punctually and promptly provided, and of the best description. I can indeed justly close this remark with saying that they never failed in any emergency, and that their losses, both in the war and in the previous toils against Trimbuckjee and the Pindarese, were so heavy that I have good reason to believe they have never recovered from the ruin those services involved. If I were writing on the necessity of maintaining the efficiency of the force, I should still tell Government it was mainly dependent on entertaining its old means of carriage, and that neither Mahratta cattle nor people would ever answer that object.” At a time when the British supremacy in the Deccan was yet uncertain, and when every attempt was made by the Peshwas to disorganize the Native army under British service by bribery and other means, Pooneacoty stood firm to the cause of the British. At Seroor attempts were made upon his life, and these being brought to the notice of the general under whom he served, a detachment of British soldiers was ordered out for the protection of both him and his camp. This state of things, however, did not last long, as order and tranquillity were soon restored. In recognition of his faithful services, Pooneacoty Moodliar was gradually made sole contractor to Government, and had his establishments in all the military stations in the Bombay Presidency. In those early times few Natives could understand or speak English. People from Madras had consequently learned to communicate their ideas in broken English and these people proved useful to the English. Pooneacoty Moodliar had considerable influence with Government. On one occasion an influential official of Government, who was very highly connected in England, got into trouble. Pooneacoty Moodliar, being his friend, used his influence and money and tried his utmost to serve him, but without avail. He then boldly came foward, took the whole responsibility and risk upon himself, sent the gentleman away to England and manfully bore all the consequences. His charity was unbounded, so much so that it became proverbial. He was the first gentleman of his community from Madras who moved to the Deccan, and he gradually sent for his friends and relatives, who settled near him and made Poona their perma- nent place of residence. Pooneacoty Moodliar died full of honors, in 1842, at Seroor, in the sixty-fifth year of his age. He had three sons, Krishnaswamy, Anundrao and Wasudev. On the death of his father, Krishnaswamy, together with his cousin, Viziarungum Moodliar, carried on the business. He, however, died early, and left the burden and responsibility of the contract on his cousin and his brother Anundrao, who was then quite young. These men carried on the business to the eutire satisfaction of Government until the contract system went out of force. Anundrao Moodliar, like his father, was the recognized head of his community. He was a shrewd and liberal-hearted man. He had a religious bent of mind, and spent thousands of rupees in founding religious muths, building rest-houses for the poor and digging wells for the use of the public. He died childless in 1873. Wasudeo Moodliar, his youngest brother, had taken to A. MOODOOKRISHNA MOOLIAR, Eso. (173) Government service. He was a man of very quiet and unassuming disposition. He also died very early, leaving a son, Moodookrishna, and a daughter. Moodookrishna Moodliar was the sole heir to the extensive property of the family. After completing his Mahrathi education he studied at the city English school. He was of a very agreeable, cheerful and sociable disposi- tion, and soon made friends wherever he went. He was very fond of traveling, and, young as he was, he traveled and visited most important places, from Benares to Ceylon. He was a Municipal Commissioner in both the City and the Suburban Municipalities, and was re-elected many times on account of the in- terest he took in municipal matters. He was also an Honorary Magis- trate for three years. Ie was held in great esteem by those amongst whom he moved, and when he died, in 1890, being only thirty-two years of age, his death was deeply regret- ted by all who knew him. The Col- lector of the District, writing from Purandhar on the subject, to Moo- dookrishna’s cousin, Coopooswamy Moodliar, said : ‘‘T write to express my sincere regret at Mr. Moodoo- krishna’s death. I had no idea that his illness was of so serious a nature. His early loss is a subject not only for deep sorrow to his family, but for grief to the general public, amongst whom his place as a Municipal Commissioner and Magistrate will not be easy to fill. In him Poona misses one of its best known and respected citizens. There are few who could be worse spared. Moodookrishna left a son, Venketacheulum, and a daughter. Venketachelum has completed his Mahrathi education, and is now studying English at the St. Vin- cent High School. MASTER VENKETACHELUM MOODLIAR. The Late Sirdar Rao Bahadur Viziarungum Moodliar. The Sirdar Viziarungum Moodliar, who was a nephew of the above-mentioned Pooneacoty Moodliar, was born at Arcot in 1815. The first few years of the Sirdar’s youth were spent in his native land. But as he lost his father when quite young, his mother, a very shrewd and far-sighted lady, having regard to the education and welfare of her only son, wisely removed him, when five years old, to his relations who had some time before left their native land and followed the.British arms immediately after the Mysore wars to the Bombay Presidency. Being diligent in his studies he soon mastered the Tamil, Telegu, Marathi and the English languages. In the early days of the British rule there were few facilities for the study of the English language, and fewer people desirous of prosecuting it. An English school was then newly opened, where he prosecuted his studies. As soon as he left school he obtained Government service, as there was at that time a great demand for English knowing men for the Government service. But as he found that this quiet and easy life was not congenial to his naturally active and busy bent of mind he soon left this to join his ancestral profession. In the early days of the British conquest of India, the Commissariat had their contractors for the conveyance of military baggage, munitions of war, camp equipage, the sick, etc., both in times of peace and war. His ancestors were the only contractors for the purpose in the Bombay Presidency from the very beginning up to the time the contract system was abolished. A few years after he took part in the business, his uncle, Pooneacoty Moodliar, who solely conducted business in the various military stations of the presidency (Sirur, Poona, Ahmednagar, Sattara, Malegaum, Belgaum, Sind, etc.), died, leaving the great burden of respousibilities on him and his cousin, Anundrao Pooneacoty Moodliar, who was at the time very young. By dint of hard labor and perseverance he was soon able to manage the business, partly by himself and partly by the employment of agents at stations far away from the headquarters. Early in 1838 he had to organize a large number of transport cattle for the Afghanistan and Sind wars, under Sir Charles Napier, till 1843. Colonel Davidson, the Commissary General of the Army, said ‘ their cattle were then keptin a state of such efficiency and in situations of great difficulty and danger that I more than once, when serving with the field army, reported on the very creditable manner these men met their engagements.” Again in 1848 he accompanied the Mooltan Field Force under General Whish, and, after the successful termination of that campaign, returned with his transport establishment at the end of 1849. A memorable event in the annals of Indian history soon called him again into active service under Sir Hugh Rose. The Indian Mutiny of 1857 was singularly beset with insurmountable difficulties proceeding from every quarter. Regi- ments and detachments fresh from England were drawn from every part of the Bombay Presidency. As the force drew together, camels and carts carrying their baggage accompanied them, taken up at different stations and at varying rates. The commissary general in his report says: ‘‘ The adjustment of their pay would have occupied the whole of my office, it was so complicated and unequal, beside which there was much discontent arising from the inequality of payment. Having a man of capital and experience with me, he was easily induced to undertake the whole carriage of the force at a fair uniform rate. I am fully sensible of the fatigue he underwent and imminent danger to which he was exposed on many occasions during the campaign, and I have no hesitation, therefore, in stating that without his presence and assistance I never could, under difficulties which seemed at times almost insurmountable, have met so satisfactorily the numerous wants of the army. His persevering efforts to grapple with and overcome all obstacles were so patent as to call forth the marked approval of the major-general commanding. On the march from Jhansie to Calpee, owing to scarcity of water and forage (many horses of the dragoons and cavalry actually perished from thirst alone), his energies were most conspicuous, carriage for the convevance of heavy baggage, and covered carts for a numerous and daily increasing sick having been as promptly and regularly furnished as if in Cantonments. I cannot record too strongly my admiration of the excellent arrange- ments which enabled him, in spite of almost unprecedented difficulties, to have conveyed to Calpee, and subsequently to Gwalior, in the hottest season of the year, through a country destitute of roads (where common tracks and unbridged nullahs were, with few exceptions, the communications), the stores, ammunitions and baggage of the entire force, for the transport of which nearly 20,000 camels and bullocks were required. The way in which the cattle contractor constantly exposed himself in procuring carriage for the force, when the whole country was against us, was certainly remarkable, especially on account of his success. On the whole it is but justice to say, that, in my opinion, the contractor has performed a most difficult contract in a most satisfactory way, and has struggled against daily difficulties of the most serious nature with an energy and perseverance which I have seldom found equaled in a native before.” In recognition of such eminent and meritorious services in the field Lord Canning, the then Viceroy and Governor-General of India, presented him with a sunnud, conferring upon him the title of Rao Bahadur and a palanquin, with a monthly allowance to enable him to maintain the expenses thereof. On the evening of May 14, 1860, the troops in garrison at Bombay paraded in drill order at the Esplanade. Sir Hugh Rose followed by his staff appeared on the ground, when the troops presented arms, the general, in an impressive and appropriate speech, explained to the assembled troops the important services rendered by him to the state at that critical period. The adjutant general then read the order of the Government of India 74) THE 1ATE SIRDAR RAO BAHADUR VIZIARUNGUM MOODLIAR. directing the presentation of the sunnud, and it was then presented to him by the commissary general at the request of General Sir Hugh Rose. Rao Bahadur Viziarungum Moodliar thanked the general for the reception he met at his hands. The troops then marched past, the Rao Bahadur standing near the flagstaff at the General’s right. A similar investiture ceremony took place at Poona under the auspices of that gallant hero of Jhansie and Gwalior. Later on he received the Indian Mutiny Medal and Clasps in 1862 for being present at the siege and capture of Jhansie and under fire of the enemy in the execution of his duties connected with the force. In 1863 the agent for Sirdars in the Deccan communicated to him that Government were pleased to exempt him from attendance in the civil courts, an honor enjoyed by few. From this time, having retired from the toils of an active life, he devoted himself to considerations of local matters and the improvement of the town. He was elected a Municipal Commissioner in the year 1864, and from the interest he took in municipal affairs he was re-elected member of the Managing Committee almost every year. Dr. A. G. Fraser, Magistrate First Class and Chairman ot the Municipality, says, in connection with the levying of a house-tax and the taking of the Khadakwasla water in the city: ‘All Poona knows how indefatigably you worked in that very delicate business, and that through your knowledge and your practical wisdom and sound judgment you completed this work to the satisfaction of the taxpayers. Your exertions to prevail upon your fellow-commissioners to consent to take the Khadakwasla water into the city were unceasing, and now the city is placed forever almost beyond the possibility of want, as regards its water supply. You had to overcome prejudices and to remove objections and fight every step of your way to the final triumph. My greatest satisfaction on leaving the Commission was that you were then elected Chairman of the Managing Committee. I considered that a sufficient guarantee for the carrying out of the important schemes already introduced and of other desirable improvements, and your zeal and public spirit ever since have increased my satisfaction.’’ In the year 1885 he had to resign his seat in the municipality, owing to his advanced age and ill health. He was made a First Class Sirdar in 1879 and enjoyed all the honors and privileges incident to it. He was connected with the paper industry in this part of the presidency. He laid the foundation-stone of the Reay Deccan Paper Mills, at Moondwa, and continued to be Chairman of the Board of Directors up to his death. He thus spent the latter years of his life in contentment and ease, enjoying to the utmost the honors conferred on him by the Government and the public. He was one of the few leading men in Poona whose advice was sought for in every important matter, and he was ever willing and obliging in giving sound advice and a helping hand to the needy. He was honored and respected by Europeans and natives alike. He died in 1888 leaving behind him three sons, Messrs. Coopooswamy, Damodar and Balcrishna. They are all educated men of good standing. They are always connected with the important movements in the town and have a hand in almost every new industry and enterprise. They are very popular and their names, in any undertaking, are considered a guarantee of its usefulness and honesty of purpose. Sirdar Coopooswamy Moodliar. The Sirdar Coopooswamy Moodliar has been an elected Municipal Commissioner for the last twelve years, and for two consecutive years was Chairman of the Committee of Management. He is Vice-President of the District Local Board and is Secretary to the Reay Industrial Museum. He is one of the Directors of the Reay Paper Mills and the Deccan Bank. He is also Secretary to the Agricultural Association and takes an active ihterest in agricultural matters. He takes delight in the cultivation of his lands and has introduced improved appliances for the purpose, such as waterlifts, iron plows, etc. Ocular demonstrations of the use of such appliances, both in respect of efficiency and economy, are already bearing good fruit, as cultivators and others are following the good example set by him. Mr. Coopooswamy’s devotion to his public duties having been favorably considered by Government, he was created a First Class Sirdar of the Deccan in January, 1897, and at the Durbar held at Poona by the Agent for the Sirdars on the twenty-fourth of May, 1897, on the occasion of the celebration of Her Gracious Majesty the Queen Empress’ birthday, he was presented with a dress of honor. Mr. Damodar Moodliar is a Special First Class Magistrate in the Cantonment, and Presi- dent of the ‘“ A» Bench of Magistrates in the City. By his prompt and upright discharge of his duties he has gained the goodwill of the people both in the Cantonment and the City. Government Resolutions testify the approbation and appreciation by Government of the good services rendered by him. His services having been brought to the notice of the Govern- ment of India more than once, the Viceroy and Governor-General were pleased to confer on him in January, 1898, the title of ‘Rao Saheb.” The Hon. Mr. Spence, Commissioner C. D., having received instructions from Government to present the sezad to Mr. Damodar Mood- liar with a befitting ceremonial, summoned a durbar for the purpose on the sixteenth of April, 1898, at the Council Hall, and after mentioning the services rendered to the State by Mr. Damodar and his ancestors, handed over to him the sanad conferring on him the title of *“ Rao Saheb ’ as a personal distinction. (175) SIDAR Co0oPOOSWANY V. MOODLIAR, Eso. y Q . MR. BALKRISHNA MOODLIAR is an elected Municipal Commissioner in the City. He rendered very reliable service during the Second Plague epidemic, and secured the highest praise from the Plague Committee and the people of Poona for his untiring energy and perse- verance in carrying out the instructions of the Committee and in looking to the wants and inconveniences of the people of his ward. He is also one of the Secretaries of the Deccan Club which has been established for some time and is maintained by the leading citizens of Poona. THE LATE MOOLJEE JAITHA, ESQUIRE. THE LATE SOONDERDAS MOOLJEE, ESQUIRE. The Late Mooljee Jaitha, Esquire. Amongst those who, from a comparatively humble and obscure position have raised themselves to one of affluence and power, few are more worthy of note than the late Mr. Mooljee Jaitha, who was born in the year 1804, at Jamnagar, one of the Kathiawar States. He was a Bhattia, and this particular section of the Hindoo people are famous throughout India for their keenness and sagacity in business matters. After receiving such rudimentary education as was then available in Jamnagar, Mr. Mooljee left his native place at an early age to seek employment in Bombay. On his arrival at the latter place he secured an appointment in a coal-tar merchant's office at a very low salary, but in a short time he dis- played such business aptitude and shrewdness with a proper zeal for his employer’s interest that he was promoted to the place of chief assistant. After some time spent in this service, and having, by prudencé and frugality, accumulated a little money, Mr. Mooljee commenced business on his own account as a coal-tar and oil merchant, and in a very short time, owing to the zeal, ability and attention brought to bear in the conduct of the business, it greatly increased. Mr. Mooljee, who, even at that early chapter in the history of the cotton trade, perceived that it was destined to become the greatest factor in the commerce of Bombay, decided to invest some of the profits of the coal-tar venture in the cotton business. He therefore started business under the name of Mooljee Jaitha & Company, and branches were opened at Cochin and other places on the Malabar and east coasts of India, Central Provinces and the and at stations in Gujarat, Kathiawar, Khandesh, Berar, Madras Presidency. In a short time a considerable business was done by the firm in cotton and piece-goods. In addition to this business the operations of the firm were extended, and a large export trade in spices, oils, cotton and other indigenous products was done with the United Kingdom and the Continent of Europe. The firm soon became known as one of the largest exporting and importing houses of Bombay, and through its connection with the well-known and highly respected firm of Messrs. Arubthnat, Ewart & Co., Mr. Jaitha soon amassed a large fortune and was regarded as a leading and wealthy Bom- bay trader. Owing to the excellent standing and credit of Messrs. Mooljee Jaitha & Co., combined with the honesty of purpose displayed in the conduct of its affairs, the co-operation and support of the trading classes of most portions of India could always be relied on. Mr. Jaitha’s son, Mr. Soonderdas Mooljee, was admitted as a member of the firm and attention was paid to the ginning and pressing industry in Berar, Khandesh and Scindh, where, at this time, the industry was carried on by means of very crude and primitive machinery, and the firm established factories with the latest machinery in these places. The cotton mill industry, then in its infancy in India, found liberal support from Mooljee Jaitha & Co., and now the firm controls the Soonderdas Spinning and Weaving Mills at Bombay, the Khandesh Spinning and Weaving Mill at Jalgaon and the Madras United Spinning and Weaving Mills at Madras. Handsome profits have always been realized by Mooljee Jaitha & Co. in their mill ventures, which have added largely to the fortunes of the partners. Seeing the great want of a suitable cotton goods market depot in Bombay, Mr. Mooljee Jaitha, in conjunction with Messrs. Thackersey Mooljee, Vishram Rowji and Jairam GQ 77) Narranjee, caused a suitable building to be erected at their own cost, and this depot is now the centre of the piece goods business. Like all truly devout ‘inane, Mr. Jaitha was extremely charitable and devoted a large part of his time to relieving the suffering and distressed. He erected many dharamsalas and temples in various parts of India and set apart a sum sufficient to ensure their permanent maintenance. The chief temple, erected at Mr. Mooljee’s expense, is situated in Kalbadevie, Bombay, and is dedicated to Dwarkanathjee. This building is fully illustrated and described at pages 205 and 206 of ‘‘ Glimpses of India.’’ Mr. Mooljee’s son, Mr. Soonderdas, pre-deceased him, and Mr. Mooljee continued to carry on the business of Mooljee Jaitha & Co., with the assistance of his grandson, Mr. Dharamsey. The subject of this memoir died on the thirteenth of August, 1889, at the advanced age of eighty-five, leaving his two grandsons, Dharamsey and Gordhandas, and to these gentlemen was left the fortune and the business of the deceased. The Late Soonderdas Mooljee, Esquire. Mr. Soonderdas was born at Bombay in 1847, and was the son of Mr. Mooljee Jaitha, a well known and highly respected Bhattia merchant. After receiving a good vernacular educa- tion and such English education as was then available in Bombay for native students, he joined the business of his father, Messrs. Mooljee Jaitha & Co., and soon displayed that business ability and integrity which were subsequently to win for him the confidence and esteem, not only of the trading community of Bombay, but also of the official classes. The Bhattias, of which Mr. Soonderdas was so distinguished a member, are at present the wealthiest section of the native community of the Bombay Presidency and owe their distinguished position to men of the Soonderdas type, who, whilst retaining the caution and conservatism which are the peculiar characteristics of the Hindoo race, combine with these qualities the pushing and enterprising spirit of the West. Mr. Soonderdas was admitted as a partner in the firm of Messrs. Mooljee Jaitha & Co., and by his keen knowledge of the requirements of the local market and a wide grasp of the economics which control trade in all parts of the world, he assisted greatly in raising the firm to the distinguished position it held and still retains. Mr. Soonderdas’s business life was a busy one, still he found time to aid any cause having for its object the improvement of the moral or material position of, not only his fellow co-religionists, but of others who were not of his own caste, race or creed. Out of his own funds he erected and maintained a number of dharamsalas and dispensaries. One of the latter bears his name and is situated at Jalgaon in Khardish, and here free medical advice and medicine are available for poor and rich alike. His reputation as a shrewd and able business man led to his appointment by Government to a seat on the Bombay Port Trust, which position he filled alike to the satisfaction of Government and the citizens of Bombay. The history of the firm of Messrs Mooljee Jaitha & Co. will be found in the sketch of Mr. Mooljee Jaitha’s life, which appears in this volume, and it would be supererogatory on our part to trace more fully than we have Mr. Soonderdas’s conection with the firm, Mr. Soon- derdas died in 1886 at the early age of thirty-nine, leaving two sons, Dharamsey and Gord- handas, who, on the death of their grandfather, succeeded to his fortune and business. We might add that these gentlemen give every promise of being as worthy and philanthropic as their grandfather and father before them were. THE HONORABLE MR. MORARJEE GocuLpas, C. I. E. The Honorable Mr. Morarjee Goculdas, C.LE Amongst the members of that portion of the trading Hindu community which is known in the Presidency of Bombay by the name of Bhattia, no person, save, perhaps, the late Mr. Goculdas Teizpal, achieved such wide renown and earned for himself such fame by his own exertions, thrift, keen commercial instinct, tact and discretion as the late Hon. Mr. Morarjee Goculdas, C. I. E. Since his death, sixteen years ago, no other member of the Bhattia sect, which forms, with the Khoja and Memons, the backbone of the entire native mercantile community—has filled the void left by Mr. Morarji Goculdas. A brief resumé of his private and public career will be not only interesting, but instructive. Mr. Morarjee descended from an ancestry in Porebunder who were said to be the leaders there. He was one of the four sons of Goculdas Jeevun, who began life under the patronage of a Moham- medan firm styled Ebrahim Kadoo & Co. Mr. Goculdas Jeevun was also interested in native insurance, as English insurance in Bombay was then in its infancy. Mr. Morarjee was born in Bombay on the twenty-ninth of October, 1834, in Dhakji’s Chawl, a well-known building which may still be seen in Kalbadevie Road. He was the issue, by the fourth wife, of Mr. Goculdas Jeevun. His mother was the daughter of Mr. Damoder Ragoji, who was the chief broker to the well-known firm of Sir Jamsetjee Jeejeebhoy, the first Parsee baronet. Young Morarjee was educated at one of the indigenous vernacular schools of the day. Being a naturally gifted lad, he made progress with his studies, but it appears, according to his own account, that he preferred the patee, or wooden counting board of the merchant, to the school desk. The spirit of commerce was fostered in him by his father whose favorite son he was. He used to accompany his father to all places where business was being transacted. Thus the mercantile faculty began to be developed at a very early period in his life. In fact, Mr. Morarjee showed at the age of six or seven, some of those characteristics which go to make the successful merchant. His father died in 1845, leaving young Morarjee, then nine years of age, under the protection of his uncles. Early marriage being in those days an orthodox institution, Mr. Morarjee was betrothed at the age of ten years. His English education was in its primitive state, though the Elphinstone Institution had been established in the year of Mr. Morarjee’s birth. But, if his education was of an elementary character, his innate desire to drink deep at the fountain of knowledge was great. This desire grew on him with the advance of years, and in his daily commercial life with European firms in the heyday of his mercantile career, he was sufficiently advanced, thanks to his perseverance with the study of English, to converse in English fairly well, and to deliver speeches on public platforms. Of course, as he grew older he helped his uncles in managing their business. His native shrewdness stood him in good stead, so that, by the age of twenty-one, he was in full commercial activity. His prudence and enterprise soon earned for the firm handsome profits, and his successes were such that he was offered a good position in the office of Messrs. W. A. Graham & Co. He declined the offer, and began trading on his own account, till he became the broker of Messrs. Watson, Bogle & Co., once a well-known importing firm of Lancashire piece goods. Fortune smiled on him, and though he suffered some reverses during the era of speculative fever which overtook Bombay soon after the breaking out of the American war, he was, by his sagacity, able to retrieve his losses. Nay more. He knew well the real value of some of the concerns which went into liquidation between 1865 and 1870. He invested his money in some of them and reaped a goodly harvest later on. In the early sixties the cotton industry was in its infancy in Bombay, but it has grown so sufficiently to enable Bombay to break down Lancashire’s trade in the coarser kinds of cloths and yarns. Mr. Morarjee determined to participate in the new industry, and in 1870 he purchased a wool manufacturing concern which had come to grief, and converted it into a cotton mill which, under his fostering care and thrifty management, soon began to flourish and rise in public estimation. He laid the foundation for the Morarjee Goculdas Mills, as the concern was eventually called, so well that its stock to-day is considered gilt-edged security on the local exchange, the scrip, on which a thousand rupees was paid, being quoted at 2300 rupees or 130 per cent premium. Mr. Morarjee also purchased a large number of shares in another cotton mill, on which he afterward realized a handsome profit. As a mill owner he took an active and keen interest in the general welfare of the industry. He fought hard against the first attempts of Lancashire to thrust on the cotton mills of India a Factory with uninterrupted success, and his enterprise led him to the establishment of a mill at Kholapur, which is a flourishing concern. Mr. Morarjee’s public career, it may be observed, was marked by independence and courage—two virtues which we would principally ascribe to his close contact with the genuine English merchants with whom he mixed; and no man in later times influenced his public career so much as Mr. Kettridge, an American merchant of Bombay, and now the successful and enterprising Manager and Director-General of the Bombay Tramway Company. Again, his intimacy with such public-spirited citizens as the late Messrs. Vishvanath Narayan Mandlik, Sorabjee Shapoorjee Bengalee, C. I. E., Naorojee Furdoonjee, Sir Mungaldas Nathubhoy and others contributed not a little to mould his career as a public citizen. By nature, by temperament and by an innate desire to do good to his fellow-countrymen, his sympathies with the party of reform and progress were great. These sympathies quickened the more closely he came into contact with the citizens just named. He saw how prominent they were in civic and legislative matters, and how they fought for the rights of the people—by whom they were respected and venerated. Fired with the noble ambition to emulate their good deeds, Mr. Morarjee faithfully followed in their footsteps and cordially co-operated in all the public movements of the day. The particular incident in his public career which brought him conspicuously to the notice of the public and gov- erning authorities was the famine of 1875-76. Sholapur, where he had erected a cotton mill, was overtaken by famine, and he repaired there to assist in relieving it, so far as his personal exertions, influence and wealth could extend. The distress which he saw greatly stimulated his energy and his sympathy for the suffering poor. The officials soon recognized his disin- terested efforts to second the formidable task in which they were engaged. These labors were in due course brought to the notice of the Government and were rewarded by his Sovereign conferring on him the honor of a Companionship of the Order of the Indian Empire. Prior to this, his public services had earned him the medal struck in commemora- tion of Her Majesty the Queen being proclaimed Empress of India. Mr. Morarjee visited Calcutta, where he was well received and presented to His Royal Highuess the Prince of Wales during his visit there. In August, 1878, he was nominated an additional member of the Bombay Legislative Council, a position which he filled with credit till his lamented death on the sixteenth of October, 1860. He was ever ready to voice the non-official view of matters engaging the attention of that Council and in connection with the Irrigation Bill, which the Government of Sir Richard Temple brought in 1879, he manfully opposed some of the clauses which were calculated to operate harshly and oppressively in practice on the indigent cultivators. Though the bill was passed by the Council, a representation to the Secretary of State of India on the clauses objected to by Mr. Morarjee was made with the result that they were subsequently omitted from the measure. He had also the satisfaction, later on, of defeating the Game Bill. These were no mean services rendered by Mr. Morarjee to the public. Again, he gave very valuable evidence in reference to the famine of 1877-78 before Sir James Caird and the other famine commissioners who were in Bombay in 1879. Mr. Morarjee was able, from his personal observations, to state many a fact which helped the commission to better undestand the dire effects of the distress which overtook a part of the Presidency. Mr. Morarjee was made, in 1878, a Fellow of the Bombay University for his distin- guished public services. He was also a Justice of the Peace and a member of the Municipal Corporation. Of the many other public services he rendered to his countrymen it is impos- sible to give a detailed account; but we should not omit to mention, in this place, one or two instances of such. It was he who used the greatest efforts to raise a fund for the families of the killed and wounded in the Afghan War of 1878-79, and he actively interested himself in agitating for the establishment of agricultural banks for the benefit of the ryots. Here his humanity and solicitude for the agricultural masses, who are really the backbone of the country, is to be prominently seen. Such was Mr. Morarjee Goculdas, who, in the inscrutable wisdom of Providence, was cut off in the prime of life when his wide experience and greatness of heart were becoming invaluable to his fellow-countrymen. The event was a shock to the community, and it cast a gloom over the city. He left a widow and six children surviving him. All the children are married. His two sons, Dharamsi and Narotam, were the heirs to his large fortune. Tet us hope that they will strive to emulate the public career of their illustrious father and, in the fullness of time, add additional lustre to the deservedly Act, and was successful in his opposition. As a merchant and mill owner Mr. Morarjee met (179 honored name of Morarjee Goculdas. J Silas Meyer Moses, Esq., J. P. The Hon. Silas Meyer Moses, who was elected to a seat on the Legislative Council of Bombay early in February, 1900, was born in Bombay on the twenty-third of November, 1845. His mother was the eldest daughter of the late David Sassoon, Esq., the renowned philanthro- pist and venerable head of the firm. Mr. Moses was educated at the Elphinstone School. After a brilliant scholastic career he left for China, at a comparatively early age, in 1862. When he arrived there he found the country in a state of rebellion and General Gordon engaged in dispersing the rebels from the neighborhood of Shanghai. Railways and telegraphs were then unknown in China, and owing to their conservative ideas the Government would not allow them to be constructed. On one occasion, however, an enterprising Englishman started a telegraph line between Shanghai and Woosung—a distance of fourteen miles—without sanc- tion. He was thereupon tried for manslaughter, as it was alleged that by disturbing the ‘ Fungshui ”’ element (evil spirit) a telegraph post fell down during the night killing a China- man! The accused was acquitted, but the telegraphic communication was forthwith removed ! In the same manner another firm started the construction of a small raz/way line between Shanghai and Woosung. After a time, though, they were compelled to sell the plant to the Government at a valuation, when it was immediately despatched to Formosa, only to be treated, however, as lumber and succumb to rust. A comparison of these primitive ideas and the present partitioning and opening up of China is interesting, not to say amusing. Mr. Moses was for several years one of the managing partners of Messrs. David Sassoon Sons & Co., in Shanghai. After a successful career he returned from China in 1880, and then paid a visit to Europe, and on his return to Bombay he joined the firm there and has been connected with it ever since. In the same year he married Rachel, the daughter of the late Mr. E. J. Abraham, by whom he has a son named Meyer, horn in 1882, who recently passed his Matriculation Examination, and, most appropriately, obtained the prize of his great-grand- father, the ‘‘ David Sassoon Hebrew Scholarship.”” He is now an undergraduate of the Elphin- stone College. On the death of his uncle, the late lamented Mr. Solomon D. Sassoon, Mr. Moses succeeded him on the Boards of the Bank of Bombay, the Port Trust, the Oriental Life Assurance Co., the David Sassoon Industrial and Reformatory Institution and other public companies. In 188g he was elected President of the Bank of Bombay, and during his term of office he had the good fortune of presenting the shareholders with a report showing the largest profit that had ever been earned by the bank since its foundation. Mr. Moses has been a great traveler and is well acquainted with India, China, Japan and Europe. In 1889 he visited the Paris Exhibition, and remained on the Continent two years. Owing to his long and unin- terrupted experience in commercial and financial matters, he is looked upon as an authority on these subjects and his advice is largely availed of by public bodies of Bombay. Mr. Moses is the vice-president of the Bombay Jewish Association. His charitable disposition and kindness towards the poor is proverbial, and no one ever applies to him for deserving support in vain. Mr. Moses has always taken a keen interest in the course of education, and he is himself a rare linguist, speaking no less than nine languages. He was nominated in 1899 by H. E. the Governor of Bombay, as a Fellow of the Bombay University. He was also one of the first of the Justices of the Peace to enroll themselves for plague duties, at the invitation of H. E. the Governor. Mr. Moses has served on the Committee of the Bombay Chamber of Commerce. He is a fluent orator, always speaking to the point, and his speeches, whether delivered at the Town Hall, the Chamber of Commerce, or at the Mill Owners’ Association, are invariably listened to with attention. By his unassuming manner and his frank and genial disposition he has made Si.As MEYER Mosks, Eso., J. P. himself deservedly popular amongst all classes in Bombay. (180) Khan Bahadur Muncherjee Cowasjee Murzban, C. I. E.,, F. R. lL. B. A, M. Inst. C, E, Mr. Murzban, the present Municipal Executive Engineer of Bombay, was born on the seventh of July, 1839. He was educated at the Elphinstone High School, Bombay, and at the Poona College, after which he entered the Government School of Engineering at Poona. In 1856 he passed the examination for admission into the Public Works Department, and in the follow- ing year he joined that department and was primarily engaged in making surveys for a water supply to the City of Poona. After that he was placed under several engineers and was employed in the construction of bridges and buildings in and near Poona. In August, 1863, the Government of Sir Bartle Frere appointed him Assistant Secretary to the Bombay Rampart Removal Committee—a Committee appointed by Government for the demolition of the old Portuguese fortifications and the laying out of the new Town of Bombay, now known as ‘‘ Frere Town.” He was afterwards appointed Assistant Executive Engineer for Reclamations and Assistant Engineer Bombay Defences. While so engaged he carried out the work of the Apollo Bay Reclamation, and had charge of the construction of some of the new batteries for the defence of the city. In 1886 Mr. Murzban was gazetted as Special Assistant to the Archi- tectural Executive Engineer and Surveyor to Government. In this capacity he was in immediate charge of the construction of the following, in addition to several other important buildings: The General Post Office, the Government Telegraph Office, the Sir Jamsetjee Jeejeebhoy School of Art and the Goculdas Tezpal Hospital. From 1876 until the end of 1892 he held the appointment of Executive Engineer of the City of Bombay, in which capacity he carried out all the engineering and architectural works for Government in that city. He also designed and carried out the following buildings: The Alexandra Girls’ School, the Cama Hospital for Women and Children, the Albless Obstetric Hospital, the Indo- British Institution, the Government Central Press and State Record Office, the Fort Gratuitous Dispensary, the Framjee Dinshaw Petit Laboratory and the Avabai Home for Pupil Nurses. He also constructed the following buildings from the designs of other architects : The Cathedral High School, the John Cannon High School, the Police Magistrates’ Courts, St. Mary’s Church at Parel, the Holy Trinity Church on the Esplanade, and All Saints’ Church at Malabar Hill. In 1884 Mr. Murzban represented Government in the Executive Committee of the Inter- national Exhibition, which was proposed to be held in Bombay, and he was specially deputed to visit the Calcutta Exhibition to collect information on the subject. The scheme, however, was not carried out. In 1877, on the occasion of Her Majesty the Queen assuming the title of Queen-Empress of India, the title of Khan Bahadur was conferred on Mr. Murzban at the Imperial Assemblage in Delhi, in consideration of his loyal services. In 1891 Her Majesty the Queen-Empress created him a Companion of the Most Eminent Order of the Indian Empire, and he has, on several occasions, received the special thanks of the Government of Bombay and the Government of India for services rendered to the country. He is a Justice of the Peace, a Fellow of the Bombay University, a Member of the Institution of Civil Engineers (London), a Fellow of the Royal Institute of British Architects and a Member of the Incorporated Associa- tion of Municipal and County Engineers (London). He was President of the Municipal Corporation of the City of Bombay during the Municipal year 1890-91. In the beginning of 1893 he was appointed by the Corporation of Bombay Municipal Executive Engineer for the city, which appointment he still holds. When Mr. Murzban severed his connection with the Public Works Department a special resolution was passed by Government, in which the appreciation of his services was recorded in the following eulogistic terms: ‘ His Excellency the Governor in Council regrets that Mr. Murzban’s long and meritorious services under Government are brought to a conclusion.” KHAN BamADUR M. C. MurzsaN, C. I E. (181) The Late Munji Nursey, Esq. Mr. Munji Nursey was a native of the City of Bombay, having been born in Ramwady, Kalbadevi Road. in 1825. The only education he received was the ordinary Gujarati schooling usual in those days. Whilst still young, he accompanied his father on a journey through Northern India—a serious undertaking then, as the whole journey had to be performed on foot, but an undertaking that no doubt materially assisted him as a business training in the study of men and manners. He relinquished his school studies earlier than is generally the case in order to engage in commerce, joining his father, who traded chiefly in country cloth. This was at a time when the foreign piece-goods business was in its infancy, and when a few merchant princes monopolized the trade in Bombay. In 1838 Mr. Munji’s father started business with some of the well-known large English piece-goods firms of the day, such as Skinner & Co., Cardwell, Parsons & Co., Edmond Bebee & Co. and Peel, Cassels & Co. Fortune smiled on him in his business operations, and by a little study he soon acquired a knowledge of English sufficient for all practical purposes. His kind and charitable disposition raised him to a high position in the affection of his caste-men (the Bhatias), as well as in the opinions of the many foreigners with whom he came in contact. In 1858 he retired, and the sole responsibility of carrying on the business devolved on his son, the late Mr. Munji, the subject of this sketch. In addition to his usual business Mr. Munji acted as banker to the Bombay Spinning and Weaving Company, which was the first mill started by a Parsee (Mr. Cowasjee Nanabhoy Davar) in Bombay, and he further added to his revenue by selling the yarn produced by this mill on commission. He also became guarantee broker to the firms of Mr. Souza Pinto, Mr. Joseph Soares, Messrs. Toussaint & Boutil- lier, and Messrs. Punnett & Co. He was made a partner in the Kaiser-i-Hind Spinning and Weaving Co., a private mill which is still managed with success by his son, Mr. Vussonji. In 188s, finding himself unequal to the exertion of carrying on his business, owing to his age, Mr. Munji entrusted his affairs to Mr. Vussonji, and retired with the determination to spend the remainder of his days in doing his utmost for the relief of his suffering fellow-men. He often visited the sacred shrines of the Hindus, and he built dharamsalas and sank wells at Nathdwara, Porebunder, Verawal, Sidhpore, Dakore and Vishnu Kanchi in Southern India. At Porebunder he put the sadawart, started by his late father in 1858, on a firmer financial basis, and at Junagadh he built a caste dining place called the Majan Wadi. At Madhupur, a sacred place in Kathiawar, and at Aramda, he built dharamsalas and excavated tanks which still bear witness to his munificence and which have been dedicated to the public. Not only were these places erected at his personal expense, but he set aside large sums of money for their permanent maintenance. Then he turned his attention to Aramda again and started a sadawart in conjunction with his dharamsala and tank there. In his pilgrimages his constant aim was to relieve the distressed by providing them with food and clothing. Though not highly educated himself, Mr. Munji promoted the cause of education by helping poor and deserving students. Though he had raised himself by his own exertions to wealth and position, he never lost sight of the great principle that the truly charitable are those who make the least parade of their charity, and his philanthropies were in consequence unostentatious. His own career had imbued him with an abiding reverence for his religion, which he followed with true devotion. Bombay, the place of his birth, was naturally not forgotten by so generous and philan- thropic a man, for he opened an institution there where the indigent of his caste are daily feasted. There is a dharamsala at Mahaluxmi which belonged to his late maternal uncle, Seth Damoder Madhuvji, and this he also caused to be opened to the public, after making consider- able alterations and additions. Mr. Munii Nursey died in 1895 at the good old age of seventy, leaving a numerous family, and, it need hardly be said, a large circle of friends and dependents, to mourn his loss. (182) THE LATE MuNJT NURSEY, Esq. Munmohandas Ramjee Hora, Esq., J. P. R. MUNMOHANDAS RAMJEE is the youngest son of the late A Mr. Ramjee Purshotan, who was a prominent member of EA WAS 6 the Kapole Bania caste. He was born in 1858 and received ig ol Vo : 5 ; Ga A 8: YA his early education at a private institution known as the Bombay High School, where children of well-to-do Natives received instruction. Mr. Munmohandas had, however, to leave school at an early age in order to attend to business, but he, nevertheless, continued his studies privately. Ata comparatively early age he took upon his shoulders the management of his firm, and it was soon seen that he pos- sessed the qualities which go to make a successful mer- chant. Asa mill owner he is known in connection with the Kaiser-i-Hind, the Hindustan, and the Indian Mills, and he is also a partner in the firm of Messrs. Damoder Thakersee Mooljee & Co. His firm act as commercial brokers to Messrs. Ralli Brothers. Mr. Munmohandas’ activity in connection with the cotton industry of Bombay led to his election as a member of the Managing Board of the Bombay Mill Owners’ Association in 1895, and in 1896 the Bombay Native Piece Goods Merchants’ Association elected him their chairman. The same year he was appointed Honorary Secretary of the Kapole Bania com- munity. The useful services rendered by Mr. Munmohandas to the public, in spite of his unassum- ing and unostentatious manner, have been appreciated, for in 1898 the rate-payers of “‘C”’ Ward, elected him as their representative in the Municipal Corporation of Bombay. In the same year the Government made him a Justice of the Peace for the Town and Island of Bombay (183) MUNMOHANDAS RAMJEE Hora, Eso., J. P. The Late Honorable Mr. Justice Nanabhai Haridas, LL. B. Mr. Justice Nanabhai was born in Surat in the year 1832, and was by caste a Valmik Kayasth. His ancestors held high offices in Surat in the last century under the then Mohammedan Government. The principle of heredity could not be better illustrated than by the success achieved by the late learned judge. The Kayasthas in India have always held high offices under the present as well as previous governments. At the time the Bombay Bench was adorned by Mr. Nanabhai, the Calcutta and the Madras High Courts were ably presided over by Kayasth judges. He took his LL. B. degree at Madras in 1863, after passing his matriculation in Bombay in 1860. Mr. Nanabhai was essentially a self- made man. Adverse circumstances did not discourage, though they may have baffled him for the time. But they seem rather to have spurred him on to steady, honest work. From the comparatively humble position of interpreter in the Supreme Court, he gradually rose to the highest appointment which a native has yet succeeded in filling. After serving more than eleven years as an interpreter with credit to himself and satisfaction to his superiors, he began to practice as a pleader and so distinguished himself in that capacity that in 1873 he was appointed an acting judge of the Bombay High Court and continued to be so appointed at various times till he was confirmed in 1884. He was, for a time, Government Pleader and Government Professor of Law. His legal ability, his stern rectitude and his acquaintance with the principles of English as well as Hindu jurisprudence fitted him for a seat on the Bench. He was the first native gentleman who was raised to the Bench in the Bombay Presidency. His merits were universally acknowledged by the press as well as by the public. Meetings in various places were held at which addresses to him were voted. The natives of the Bombay Presidency were fortunate in having him as their first native High Court Judge. This may be called a trial appointment. The satisfaction he gave, both to the public and the Government in the discharge of his onerous duties, has now made it impossible for anyone to assert that natives cannot make good judges. The late Chief Justice, Sir Charles Sargent, in expressing his regret at the death of the learned judge said: ‘‘I admire his simple, independent character, his sound learning and more especially his sound judgment which made him not only so excellent a pleader, but also so admirable a colleague. He always worked zealously in the quiet discharge of his public duty.’”’ He died on the thirteenth day of June, 1889, of dropsy, caused, probably, by the shock produced on his system by the untimely death of his beloved daughter. He left behind him a widow and five sons. The eldest son, Mr. Jameitram Nanabhai, B. A., LL. B., was admitted as an Advocate of the Bombay High Court in January, 1889. The second son, Mr. Ochhavram Nanabhai, B. A., LL. B., was admitted as an attorney of the same court about three years go ago. The third son, Mr. Hardevram, is now in England reading for the Bar The fourth rie Late Hos. Me YTevion Nakaveis: HAwvmwas 11. B son, Mr. Krishnalal, is a student in the Elphinstone College, and the youngest, Mr. Nanubhai, : : : a obtained his B. A. degree about three years ago and expects to get the LL. B. degree soon. (184) Rao Bahadur Narayan Bhai Dandekar. v Mr. Narayan Bhai Dandekar was born in August, 1829, near Thana, where his ancestors on both sides had lived for some years. He received his early education from his maternal grandfather, who was styled Puntuji (teacher), as he joined teaching to his ordinary business of a dealer in copper pots. Mr. Narayan’s maternal uncle was a clerk in the customs depart- ments, and afterward a Vakil in the Thana Adaulut. He sent his nephew to the Government English school, at the station, which was presided over by an old pensioned sergeant, John Murday by name, who did not spare the rod and taught the children to repeat the answers set down in the text-books, and there his interest in his pupils ended. A change was made in 1844, and for four years young Dandekar was the favorite of the three succeeding masters, Messrs. R. Mackay, Nana Mareji, and Ram Balkrishna. He entered the Elphinstone Institution of Bombay as a stipendiary scholar in 1848 and completed his collegiate course in 1853. This was the most pleasant period of his life, as he received instruction from able, popular, and beloved professors. He taught the lower classes of the institution, attended literary, scientific, and social meetings, read essays, voluntarily taught and conducted girls’ schools, and took a lively interest in all matters connected with personal and public advancement. The following certificate, dated March 12, 1853, of Mr. Reid, pro- fessor of English Literature and History in the Elphinstone Institution, marks the opinion he held of the subject of our sketch: ‘‘ Narayan Bhai, at present a first rank normal scholar in the Elphinstone College, has been known to me as a student for the last three years and a half, and very intimately for the last year, as Marathi Secretary to the Students’ Literary and Scientific Society. His abilities are, in my opinion, of the highest order, his disposition generous and his temper remarkably good, He is also very industrious, exact, and business-like. I have the greatest confidence that he will meet with as much success in the world as he has met with in his college career. The essay which gained for him the Perry gold medal last year, is, I think, a very good specimen at once of his information, good sense and experience in English ‘composition.’ Mr. Dandekar entered Government service in August, 1853, as a writer in the Judicial Department of the Bombay Secretariat, and was soon transferred, on promotion, to the Revenue Department, where he remained up to 1856, in which year he was appointed Deputy Inspector of Schools, in the newly formed Educational Department. He performed his new duties zeal- ously and to the entire satisfaction of his superiors. The late Mr. Howard, when Director of Public Inspection, considered him to be one of the best deputy inspectors and in a demi-official note wrote as follows: “I wish I could see my way of improving your position as regards your pay, but at present there are no prospects. You fully desire promotion, if I could give it to you, but though I shall be very unwilling to lose you, 1 believe you can only better yourself by leaving us. I trust you are contented for the present.’ Though many of his friends had left the Educational Department to better their position, Mr. Dandekar remained. The succeeding directors, Mr. Peile (now Sir J. B. Peile), Sir Alexander Grant, and Mr. H. M. Chatfield greatly appreciated his services, and improved his position as opportunity offered. In 1869 he was appointed Principal of the Poona Training College, and, in November, 1875, was raised to the very responsible post of Director of Public Instruction in the Hyderabad Assigned Districts. It was the first time that a native had been appointed to such a post in India, and consequently there was much ill feeling exhibited in the Anglo- Indian journals, on account of the deviation from the usual course, and Mr. Dandekar was spoken of in not an altogether flattering way. His appointment was probational for one year, but in less than six months from his taking charge, Sir R. Meade, the then Resident at Hydera- bad and head of the administration of the Hyderabad Assigned Districts, recommended Mr. Dandekar to the Government of India for confirmation with an addition to his salary, if allow- able. Mr. Dandekar continued to give satisfaction and to justify the liberal policy which had opened up such a post to natives of India. That his endeavors were not fruitless will be gathered from the following remarks of the Resident in his annual report for 1876-77: ‘It affords the Resident great pleasure to conclude these remarks with an expression of his satis- faction at the Rao Bahadur Narayan Dandekar’s past efforts, and of confidence in his future direction of the Department under his control. The report he has now submitted furnishes fresh evidence of the practical knowledge, good sense, and temper he has brought to bear upon the discharge of his important duties, and his views and proceedings generally commend Sir R. Mead’s hearty sympathy and approval. 2 The title of Rao Bahadur was conferred on Mr. Dandekar, in 1877, at the Delhi Imperial Assemblage Durbar. He continued to hold his appointment up to the end of 1883, when he retired. Colonel Trevan, then acting Resident at Hyderabad, wrote to him as follows: “I am sorry to think you are leaving Berar for good. As one who knows what the Educational Department and results were in former years, I have watched with great satisfac- tion the reforms you have introduced, and the success you have achieved in producing what I believe may be called fairly solid results. It is, Ithink, a real misfortune for the Department that you are leaving it. I congratulate you most heartily on what you have done.”’ Mr. Dandekar is enjoying the repose to which he is entitled, after an active, successful and useful career. He superintends his fields and gardens, content to spend the evening of his life in Poona, the interesting old town, which was, at one time, the capital of the head of the mighty Mahratta Confederation. (185) bo PY sy) RAO BAHADUR NARAYAN BHAI DANDEKAR, The Hon. Mr. Narayen Ganesh Chandavarkar, B. A., LL. B. The above named gentleman was born at Houavar in Kanara, in 1855. His early education was acquired in the English School of that district, but in 1869 he ‘removed to Bombay, and attended the Elphinstone College, where he carried off the Raja of Dhar’s Prize, as well as a prize for his paper on ‘ English Monasteries and their Dissolution.” In 1877 he took his B. A. degree in the first class, and won the James Taylor prize, for which he was appointed Junior Dakshina Fellow. In 1878 Mr. Chandavakar was appointed to edit the ‘‘ /zdu Prakash,’ which paper he presided over for eleven years, with marked success. In 1881 he took his LL. B degree, being awarded the Arnold Scholarship for the highest marks for his paper on Hindu Law. He was enrolled as a Pleader in the Bombay High Court, where he had a successful career. In 1885 he was one of the delegates who proceeded to England to enlighten the electors there on Indian matters, and events proved that Bombay could not have chosen a better man. Unaccus- tomed as he was to this kind of work, he addressed English audiences with an ability that was scarcely anticipated even by his own friends. Whenever he spoke he was listened to with pleasure and attention. Soon after his return to India, Mr. Chandavarkar published an inter- “esting pamphlet, in which he described his impressions of the political activities of Englishmen on the eve of an election. The pamphlet is as interesting for the matter contained in it as for its very simple and vigorous English. Mr. Chandavarkar has not, however, confined his activity to the political problems affecting this country. He is a zealous social reformer, who has always expressed in the most distinct language his disapprobation of the listnessness of his countrymen in things social. During the agitation in connection with the Age of Consent Act, he was one of those who in spite of popular clamor courageously pointed out the justice of the measure, and in a pam- phlet of singular vigor, he historically reviewed the past policy of Government as justifying legislative interference in social matters when they affected the well-being of the whole nation. His best speech was delivered in 1886 at a public meeting convened for the purpose of estab- lishing a branch in Bombay of the Lady Dufferin Fund Association for giving medical relief to Indian women, when the Governor, Lord Reay, presided. That speech at once marked him as a capital platform speaker. The Lord Bishop of Bombay, who followed him, pronounced his views to be exceedingly able and suggestive; while it was said of him in the local Press that ‘‘ he could give a stone and a beating to any competitor; he alone possessed the full-voiced assertive- ness which impresses an audience with the fact that the speaker knows all that they all know, and a good deal more besides; the ring of the English platform athlete was in his voice.’’ Mr. Chandavarkar’s subsequent public utterances on various subjects have more than maintained the reputation he then acquired as a platform speaker of more than ordinary ability. Mr. Chadavarkar, in 1896, presided at the anniversary of the Madras Hindu Social Reform Association, when he delivered an address which was much appreciated. He was appointed an honorary member of the Association, together with Mr. Justice Ranade. He was for some years Vice-President of the Bombay Prarthna Samaj. He presided at the Provincial Conference held at Karachi in 1896, and his address to that assembly was a model of moderation and deep thought. In 1897 Mr. Chandavarkar was nominated by His Excellency the Governor of Bombay an Additional Member of the Legislative Council as a representative of the Bombay University, and this selection was approved by all classes in the Presidency. (186) THE HoN. MR. NARAYEN GANESH B.A, 1L]l.B. CHANDAVARKAR, Nesserwanjee Manockjee Petit, Esq., J. P. Mr. Nesserwanjee Manockjee Petit, one amongst many of the great benefactors of the city of Bombay, and whose princely benevolence and noble charities have made his name a household word in that city, was born in Bombay on March 10, 1827. Having been educated at the best English seminaries then available in Bombay, he commenced his mercantile career, like his distinguished brother, Sir Dinshaw Manockjee Petit, Bart., for a very small salary under his father, who was a broker to the firm of Messrs. Dirom, Richmond & Co. The experience he gathered, and the insight he was able to obtain in the management of such a large and flourishing firm, stood him in good stead when he started business on his own account a few years later. When the price of cotton rose to an almost fabulous figure at the time of the American Civil War, Mr. Nesserwanjee was one of those who took advantage of the opportunity, and amassed a large fortune. But subsequently, when many of the merchants launched themselves blindly into wild schemes of speculation of various kinds, which brought ruin and disaster to the city of Bombay in the years 1864-65, Mr. Nesserwanjee was one of the very few individuals who saw the danger ahead, and escaped the fate which overtook hundreds of less careful persons. He was largely connected with the mill industry of Bombay, and with his brother, Sir Dinshaw, had a hand in the establishment of the Petit Mills. From 1874 to the time of his death he was agent and chairman of the Oriental Mills, and was also on the directorate of several public companies. He was a justice of the peace, and was nominated by Government a member of the Port Trust of Bombay. He was also connected with the management of several charitable institutions. In his lifetime there was hardly any public movement in the city of Bombay, having for its object the relief of distress, or the promotion of schemes of public utility, or charity, with which his name was not associated, or to which he did not contribute. His charities amount to very nearly Rs. 1,500,000, no less than Rs. 1,000,000 being devoted to the establishment of an orphanage for the Parsis, probably the first institution of its kind started by a native of India. It has nearly 200 destitute orphan boys on its rolls, who, besides being housed, fed and clothed entirely at the expense of the institution, receive mental, moral and physical education, and are trained according to their capacity in different arts and handicrafts, to enable them to earn their livelihood. upon leaving the institution. This orphanage was established to perpetuate the memory of his only son, Mr. Janisetjee, who died in 1888, in the very prime of life. This melancholy event caused Mr. Nesserwanjee to retire from public life, and drove him into seclusion. It nerved him, however, to pass the rest of his days in the furtherance of philanthropic objects. He founded and supported medical dispensaries, schools, rest-houses, libraries, fire-temples, etc. His private charity was extensive, and there are many families and individuals who feel his loss most keenly, as the withdrawal of a kind and generous friend. The various communities of Bombay, in public meeting assembled, have, in grateful appreciation of his magnificent deeds of charity, and with a view to perpetuate the memory of such a noble benefactor, unanimously resolved to raise a marble statue of him in a conspicuous part of Bombay. Mr. Nesserwanjee died at Poona on November 21, 1891, leaving behind him his widow, Bai Dinbai, and an only daughter, Bai Avabai, wife of Mr. Framjee Dinshaw Petit. Bai Dinbai has, following in the footsteps of her worthy husband, continued the beneficent and philanthropic work inaugurated by him, and with increasing charity scattered in every direction, has justly earned the reputation of being the foremost philanthropic lady in India. Besides endowing a Parsi widows’ home in memory of her late husband, she has offered the princely sum of Rs. 7,000,000 to the Municipality of Bombay for the construction of a large and handsome public hall for the city, to be called after Mr. Nesserwanjee Petit. She has also erected and endowed a large sanitarium near Surat, also named after her husband, for the free use of Parsi invalids. She is making a most judicious and beneficent use of the colossal wealth of her husband by various noble deeds of charity. Jamsetjee Nesserwanjee Petit, Esq., J. P. Mr. Jamsetjee Nesserwanjee Petit, only son of Mr. Nesserwanjee Manockjee Petit, the well-known merchant and capitalist of Bombay, was born in Bombay on January 24, 1856. Having passed the entrance examination of the University of Bombay in 1875 he joined the Elphinstone College, where he studied for nearly a year. He was then required to assist his ia 1 father in the management of his extensive business. But it is more by his literary attainments and proclivities than by his business habits or riches that this gentleman gained a distinguished position in Bombay society. While at school Mr. Jamsetjee evinced a strong taste for poetry. His natural bent of mind led him to admire what was good and beautiful in nature. He gave Tur LATE NESSERWANJEE MANOCKJEE PETIT, EsqQ., J. P. vent to his admiration in poetic compositions, which, by their quaintness, originality and innate beauty have struck a new path in Gujerati literature. Gujerati poetry up to ‘this time had labored under many and varied difficulties. The strict rules of its prosody, faithfully and closely followed by Hindu writers, had a tendency to make poetry “a mere mechanic art.” A new school of poetry was therefore necessary. It made its appearance with Mr. Jamsetjee as its forerunner. He was the first writer who imported blank verse into the Gujerati language. THE LATE JAMSETJEE NESSERWANJEE PETIT, Eso., J. P. His chief poem, ‘‘the foundation of which was laid in his school-days”’ and which was given to the public as an earnest of a bright future, is ‘‘ Mahri Majeh” (My Recreation). It is a descriptive poem of nearly 4ooo lines divided into several books. By its novelty and originality, a poem unlike any to which the Gujerati reading public was accustomed, *‘ Mahri (188) Majeh ” took the public by storm. A critic finds it ‘ Breathing a spirit of subdued sympathy and benevolence.”” And he further remarks that ‘‘ the style is so free from the trammels and superstitions of artificial writers that its very quaintness is music to the ear.”” The writer seems to have a meditative cast of mind and a lively fancy. In another place the critic remarks: ‘We read these productions with the same delight with which we read a page of Cowper’s ‘Task’ or Thomson's ‘Seasons.’ ” Besides ‘ Mahri Majeh ’’ Mr. Jamsetjee was the author of a number of original minor pieces of equally sustained interest, and possessing unusual power and beauty of expression. His translations and adaptations from English and Persian poets, chief among the former being Longfellow, are also worthy of note. All these poems, originally contributed from time to time to the pages of various Gujerati periodicals, have, since the author’s death, been collected and published in a book form. Mr. Jamsetjee’s literary labors were not confined to poetic compositions only. He devoted his time also to translating some important works, chief among them being the ‘“Vendidad,’’ one of the important books of Zend Avesta, the Parsi Scriptures. He has also translated the famous “Gulistan ”’ of Sheikh Saadi, the well-known Persian poet and prose- writer. Both these translations are marked with a precision and faithfulness, and a grandeur of language, seldom surpassed by any former Gujerati translator of the same works. Another fruit of Mr. Jamsetjee’s literary labors, and one of the chief monuments of his future fame, is a large collection of Gujerati proverbs. By dint of perseverance and personal exertion he succeeded in collecting from various sources about 10,000 proverbs. These proverbs, originally contributed by instalments to the pages of a Gujerati monthly magazine, are being now published in a book form. They are alphabetically arranged, and wherever equivalent proverbs in other languages, both European and Oriental, are found, they are given a place in the collection, and this certainly has enhanced the value of the collection. Mr. Jamsetjee’s two other literary works are ‘‘ A Cluster of Gems,” being a collection of selections from the best Gujerati and English authors (those from the latter translated into Gujerati), and ¢ Miscellaneous Knowledge,” being a collection of useful information on various topics. In business matters Mr. Jamsetjee also distinguished himself by his strictly industrious and honest habits, by his shrewdness and foresight. He was on the directorate of several flourishing concerns in Bombay. To do good and to be useful to his fellow-brothers was Mr. Jamsetjee’s chief aim in life. His magnanimity and nobility of heart, and, above all, his philanthropic efforts, not only endeared him to all around him, but created for him an ever-increasing circle of admirers. His helping hand was ever readily and willingly stretched for the relief of suffering humanity. Of public libraries and other literary institutions he was a liberal patron, and of schools and poor scholars he was a warm supporter. It was on account of these noble and philanthropic qualities that his untimely death, at the early age of thirty-three, was so keenly deplored by all the various sections of Bombay society. And it was as so many tokens of appreciation of those noble qualities that his bereaved parents founded the following institutions to perpetuate his memory: (1) The Jamsetjee Nesserwanjee Petit Parsi Orphanage (an extensive and costly institution where nearly 200 Parsi orphan boys are maintained and educated); (2) The J. N. Petit Institute (which is now in course of erection, and which promises soon to become one of the leading and most popular public libraries in Bombay); (3) The J. N. Petit Girgaum Library; (4) The J. N. Petit Baharkote Improvement Library; (5) The J. N. Petit Khetwadi Gymnasium; (6) The J. N. Petit Wadi Charitable Dispensary; (7) The J. N. Petit Female Ward of the Sadra Hospital; (8) The J. N. Petit Leper Ward of the David Sassoon Infirm Asylum, Poona; (9) The J. N. Petit Jahnbordi Sanitarium for Parsis (in course of erection), and (10) The J. N. Petit School for Boys and Girls at Indore. The J. N. Petit Colaba Library, the J. N. Petit Ankleshwar Library, and the J. N. Petit Broach Parsi Girls’ School were founded and endowed by Mr. Jamsetjee himself during his lifetime. Besides these, Mr. Jamsetjee had endowed several scholarships in connection with various educational establishments, chief among them being the scholarship in connection with the University of Bombay for the encouragement of the study of the Zend, the sacred language of the Parsi Scriptures. The Parsis of Bombay have, by public subscription, raised a marble bust of Mr. Jamsetjee, and presented it to the J. N. Petit Parsi Orphanage, in grateful appreciation of his noble qualities of mind and heart. “Mr. Jamsetjee was married to Bai Hirabai, a daughter of his uncle, Sir Dinshaw Manockjee Petit, Bart. He died on March 19, 1888, without issue. Bai Dinbai Nusserwanji Manekji Petit. sn N the year 1898 there passed away in Bombay, in the person of the sub- ' ject of this sketch, a Parsee lady who, by her philanthropy, had earned for herself the title to rank with the noblest women of India. Bai Dinbai Nusserwanji Manekji Petit was born on the twelfth of July, 1831, of a well-known and highly esteemed Parsee family. She seems to have inherited her charitable disposition from her paternal grandfather, Mr. Jamsetjee Dadabhoy, himself a philanthropist of no mean note. There are elements of great | pathos connected with that part of the life of Bai Dinbai over which "the record of her princely charities extended. Late in life she lost her only son, Mr. Jamsetji Nusserwanji Petit, whose death was followed not much later by that of her husband. Bai Dinbai thenceforward sought in religion and benevolence some consolation for her sorrows. She had caught, as it were, intuitively, the light of the true gospel of wealth, and ever showed herself ready to act up to it when occasion required. The voice of Want never appealed to her in vain, but in the brilliant record of her charities, both public and private, it would be difficult to point to a single instance in which the wholesome maxim of charity beginning at home was departed from. It was, besides, a part of that religion of humanity which she unflinchingly followed through life for her to be as helpful as possible to ruined Parsee families, so as to enable them to maintain themselves in a manner consistent with their respectability and social status. While on one hand her home was a daily resort for the needy and the helpless from sunrise till sunset, on the other she spared no pains to put beneficent public endowments on a permanent footing by means of munificent gifts; and schools, orphanages, dispensaries, public halls, libraries, gymnasiums and widows’ homes, both in Bombay and elsewhere, attest the large-hearted liberality of the donor. The limited space at disposal precludes the possibility of giving details of Bai Dinbai’s charities. It may, however, be said that the aggregate of her donations amounted to nearly eighteen lakhs of rupees. During the recent plague-scare at Bombay, Bai Dinbai did all in her power to minimize the terrors of the fell visitation by her help, in the shape of gifts of either money, clothes, hospital accessories or medical assistance. It was conduct like this that earned for Bai Dinbai the tender and affectionate name of ‘‘ Matrushi,” 7. ¢., “The Mother,” and gratitude will well nigh be extinct in the human race before the inestimable services she rendered to her community are forgotten. This noble-minded lady died at the age of sixty-eight, on the second of September, 1898, Bar DiNBal, Wipow OF THE LATE NUSSERWANJT MANEK]I PETIT, ESQ. universally lamented, her death creating a vacancy in the ranks of philanthropists which every one felt would long remain unfilled. ( 189) Khan Bahadur Nowrojee Pestonjee Vakil, C. I. E. HIS gentleman is a prominent citizen of Ahmedabad, by virtue of his enterprising spirit and general popularity. He inte- rests himself chiefly in female education and improved modes of agriculture. Among the works of public charity that he established are: The Nowrojee Nirashrit Fund, founded to give relief to the helpless poor of Ahmedabad, without distinction of caste or creed, and the beautiful and spacious Parsee Dharamsala. A fund for the construction of an Opthalmic Hospital and Dispensary and a Fire Temple and Hall for Parsees at Ahmedabad, were built by him and his brother, Khan Bahadur Jehangir Pestonjee Vakil. Mr. Nowrojee was made a Khan Bahadur in 1888, and in 1897 he was created a Companion of the Most Eminent Order of the Indian Empire, in recognition of the valuable servicec that he had rendered to the public of Ahmedabad. He was granted a silver life-pass over the B. B. & C. I. R. and other connected railways. (190) KHAN BAHADUR NOWROJEE PESTONJEE VaAKIL, C. I. E. The Hon. Nowrosjee Nusserwanjee Wadia, C. I. E., A. M. I. C. E.,, M. I. M. E,, The Hon. Nowrosjee N. Wadia has been for years intimately associated with almost every public movement in the city of Bombay, particularly with those of an industrial and educational character. He is what may be called a self-made man. He was born in 1849, and when but eleven years of age was sent to a school near Liverpool, England, where he received a thoroughly good English education, and returned to Bombay in 1866. He belonged to a family of shipbuilders and engineers and had a natural liking for engineering. He joined the cotton industry under his father, who controlled several mills, and served at the Reay Mills, now known as the Dinshaw Petit Mills. Soon after, he was appointed manager of the Albert Mill, where he did good work, but he resigned this appointment in 1870 to start a venture on his own behalf by erecting a paper mill, for which he designed and constructed the whole of the machinery, in Bombay. This venture turned out unsuccessful for want of funds, and he went to England to post himself on the working of paper mills and to arrange for more capital. While there he received an appointment on the Sinde and Punjab Railway and returned to India to join his post. About this time one of those strange events happened which sometimes change the whole course of a man’s career. A serious accident occurred in the Maneckjee Petit Mills, entirely destroying the engines, the estimated loss being three lacs of rupees. As the cause of this trouble was not apparent, several celebrated local engineers were consulted, and among them Mr. Wadia. Some of the experts attributed the breakdown to accident, but Mr. Wadia contended that it was due to neglect. His arguments were supported in an ably drawn up report, which was submitted to engineers in England, and his conclusions were there supported and confirmed. This incident induced Sir Dinshaw to request Mr. Wadia to give up his railway appointment and take over charge of the Maneckjee Petit Mills. The confidence which Sir. Dinshaw then reposed in Mr. Wadia was rewarded by the large fortune which that gentleman has since acquired, and the deserved fame of the group of mills known as the Maneckjee Petit group. Mr. Wadia has since been the representative of several influential English firms, and has designed and constructed, among others, the following mills, viz., the National, Neriad, Dhur, E. D. Sassoon David, Presidency, Currimbhoy, Wadia, Indo-China, Tricumlal, Jehangir Wadia, and Calicut, while in the building ‘of other mills he has advised and supplied machinery. In 1881 he designed what was then known as one of the largest engines in the world. When this was first started the profession was generally of the opinion that engines of this type would prove a failure and entail heavy loss on the owners. This, however, has not been the case, as they are now in use in Lancashire as well as in India. Mr. Wadia first introduced into India hosiery from Nottingham and Leicester and sewing thread from Paisley, as well as the dyeing trade of Glasgow, and, in conjunction with his other partners and under the direction of Mr, William Reed, he has successfully carried on the latter business since 1880. As a mechanical expert his advice is constantly sought by the Bombay Millowners’ Association. Mr. Wadia has always taken a deep interest in education. In connection with the formation of technical education he has been an energetic worker. He was sufficiently far-seeing to understand how much the industries of Europe and America are indebted to this branch of education for their advancement and success, and he used all his influence in order that Bombay might not be the last to acknowledge the fact. With the encouragement of Lord Reay, Sir Frank Forbes Adam, and the munificence of Sir Dinshaw Manockjee Petit, he secured the establishment of a Technical Institute in 1889, much of the machinery for the workshops being donated. Mr. Wadia is still connected with the institute as Honorary Secretary. He takes a lively interest in primary education, and is a chairman of the Joint Schools Committee, which has control of this class of education in Bombay. His interest in physical development has enabled the Parsee Community to secure a site for their gymkhana on the Kennedy Sea Face, and Mr. Wadia is their Honorary Treasurer. He is a member of the Municipal Corporation of Bombay and has helped in forwarding the following charitable institutions, viz., the Leper Asylum at Matunga, Bombay ; the Parsee Lying-in Hos- pital ; the Home for Poor Parsees and the proposed Public Hall for Bombay. Mr. Wadia has béen nominated to the Legislative Council by three successive Governors of Bombay—Iord Reay, Lord Harris, and H. E. Lord Sandhurst. His advice has been frequently sought by the Governments of India and of Bombay in the matter of the Excise Duties, the Boiler Inspection Bill, and the Factory Acts, and on occasions such as the late Bombay Riots. (191) HoN. NOWROSJEE NUSSERWANJEE Wapia, C. I. E., A. M. L CE. MIME. MSA, The Late Pallonjee Pestonjee Rivettnna, Esq. HE late Mr. Pallonjee received his early education in a private school where the rudiments of English were taught to Native youths, but he left school early in order to become manager of the old Eng- lish Hotel in the Fort. Soon after the destruction of that hotel by fire, however, Mr. Pallonjee started a hotel of his own at Byculla, the first venture of its kind attempted by a Native in Bombay. Mr. Pal- lonjee soon made this concern a thorough success, and, after a short time, finding that it was resorted = oo 2 \ to in large numbers by Europeans of both the civil and the Xt, 23 - Gis hie : 2 Xoo 2S / ®) military classes, he made extensive improvements, which led Ne 7 : go to the founding of the present well-known Adelphi Hotel at Byculla. a 2 ; For years Mr. Pallonjee, as proprietor, did his best to show that fc) Natives could compete with Europeans in the management of hotels, and his hospitality and geniality soon became almost proverbial. Mr. Pallonjee’s activity was not confined to his own business, however, as he took a keen interest in public matters and his charities were extensive. The Bombay Government made him a Justice of the Peace for the Town and Island of Bombay, in recognition of his good work. In the obituary notices that appeared in the prominent Anglo-Indian journals of Bombay, the late Mr. Pallonjee was spoken of as “ Of a genial and pleasing disposition, having gained for himself the universal esteem of the European and Native communities.” During his life- time some of his European friends and admirers, including the late Sir Frank Souter, proposed raising a memorial to him, on account of his useful services to the European community. This movement was warmly supported and would have been carried into effect, but it had to be abandoned owing to his sudden death, which occurred from apoplexy at the age of sixty. His THE LATE PALLONJEE PESTONJEE RIVETNNA, Eso. funeral was largely attended by both Natives and Europeans, amongst whom were the Hon. Sir Charles Sargent, the Hon. Mr. Justice Melville, the Hon. Mr. Ravenscroft and Sir Frank Souter, the then Police Commissioner of the City of Bombay (192) en The Honorable Mr. Justice Parsons, I. C. S. . JUSTICE HENRY JAMES PARSONS is the eldest son of John Parsons, Esq., F. R. G. S., and was born on the fourteenth of February, 1845. He was educated at Eton, where he was a King’s scholar, and on leaving Eton he entered Lincoln College, Oxiord. of which he is a scholar. In 1865, he passed the Indian Civil Service Examination, and arrived in India in 1867, having been . posted to the Bombay Civil Service. He commenced his duties at Thana, near Bombay. In 1867, Mr. Parsons married a daughter of J. R. Gatcombe, HEsq., of Ashfield House, Somersetshire. In 1877, he was called to the Bar at Lincoln’s Inn. His Honor has occupied various positions in the Civil Service. He was Sessions Judge at Hyderabad (Sind) and Karachi, and officiated as Judicial Commissioner in Sind. On the twenty-first of November, 1887, he was appointed a Puisne Judge of the High Court of Judicature, Bombay, and still performs the important duties of that high position. Mr. Justice Parsons takes a very lively interest in Masonic affairs. He is, at the time of writing, District Grand Mark Master of the Bombay District. He is also Past District Senior Warden of Bombay; Past Master of lodges ‘‘St. George’’ and ‘‘Union;’’ Past Z of Chapters ‘‘Keystone’’ and ‘ ‘Faith and Charity’’ (Scotch Constitution); Past Most Worshipful Sovereign of Bombay, Chapter Rose Croix and Thirty-second Degree and Intendant General for the Bombay Division of the Order of Rome and the Red Cross of Constantine. Beside these he holds many other degrees. THE HoNORABLE MR. JusTICE PARrsons, I. C. S. (193) Khan Bahadur Pestonji Jehangir, C. I. E. This gentleman is a direct lineal descendant, in the male line, from the old and historical Parsi family of the Nek Saut Khan, which rendered valuable political assistance to the British, as well as to the Mogul government, as far back as the middle of the eighteenth century. Mr. Pestonji was born in Surat in 1831. He was educated at the Elphinstone Institution, Bombay, until 1849, when he was transferred to the Elphinstone College. At this academy he secured high honors, every year carrying away prizes for English literature, history, logic, and mental and moral philosophy, reaching the climax of his scholastic attainments by taking Sir Erskine Perry’s gold medal, in competitive examination, for the best essay in English on ‘‘ The Moral and Social Causes of the Crusades, and Their Influence on Civilization.” Appropriately enough, after such a successful educational career, Mr. Pestonji commenced life in the Educa- tional Department. He was among the first Native Assistant Professors to be appointed in the College wherein he had acquired his tuition, and during his professorship he delivered lectures on Female Education and Social Reform amongst the Natives. He also edited popular maga- zines and wrote for the press generally. He was Secretary to the Students’ Literary and Scien- tific Society, and for some time was in sole charge of the English editorial department of the ““ Rast Goftar.” In 1857 Mr. Pestonji became Sub-Assistant Inam Commissioner, but his services were later on transferred to the Revenue Commissioner of the Northern Division, and in this depart- ment he acquitted himself so well that the Government of Sir Bartle Frere raised him to the position of Settlement officer for the Northern Division, and he was for a time placed at the head of the whole Revenue Alienation Department of the Bombay Presidency. In 1874, atthe request of the late Gaekwar of Baroda, Mr. Pestonji’s services were lent by the Bombay Government to the Baroda State, and he thereupon became President of the ‘‘ Sirdars’ Com- mission,’ earning a very high eulogium from Sir Lewis Pelly, the Special Commissioner and Agent to the Governor-General, for his “concise, clear, comprehensive, and, in my opinion, remarkably able report” on the compromise effected with the Sirdars, Silledars, and other military classes in the State, in regard to their grievances. In 1875, Mr. Pestonji was appointed Military, Settlement, and Political Minister, under the regular government formed in Baroda ou the advent of Raja Sir T. Madhovro as Prime Minister. Among other onerous duties it fell to Mr. Pestonji to instruct the young Prince in the details of the Settlement and Military Departments, and his lectures in this direction were characterized by Mr. E. A. H. Elliot, C. I. E. as among ‘‘ the most remarkable of the series ’’ of lectures delivered before the Prince. The arrangements for the reception of His Royal Highness the Prince of Wales at Baroda were entrusted to Mr. Pestonji, who was then in charge of the Administration during the absence of the Raja Sir T. Madhavrao. Hence it was that upon him the duty devolved of initiating and pushing forward the preparations required, which duty was admittedly discharged in a highly satisfactory manner. Some few years ago the Government offered to send Mr. Pestonji to England to give evidence before the Select Committee of the House of Commons on important public questions, which offer, however, he declined for private reasons. Mr. Pestonji received the personal dis- tinction of Khan Bahadur, and the ‘“ Empress Medal,” at the Imperial Assemblage at Delhi in 1877; and on the installation of His Highness the Gaekwar in 1881 he was presented by the Government of India with a diamond ring and a dress of honor. In 1882 he was appointed a Companion of the Indian Empire. In 1883 Khan Bahadur Pestonji Jehangir, C. I. E., resigned from the Baroda service, amidst the deepest expressions of regret by the people of the State, and on his reversion to the British service he was made Talukdari Settlement Officer in Gujarat, a position that had previously been held by Covenanted civilians only. He served for about six years and then retired. After his retirement Lord Reay appointed him to inquire into the disputes between H. H. the Rao of Cutch and his Bhayats. He held this trust for about ten years with great credit to himself and the Bombay Government. Mr. Pestonji’s career is another instance of Indian mothers having played a memorable part in the future of their offspring. To the sagacity and tender solicitude of his mother Mr. Pestonji is indebted for his early education and for the development of those traits of char- acter which have contributed to his advancement in life. Mr. Pestonji has three sons, the eldest of whor:, Mr. Phirozesha Pestonji, holds the post of Assistant Commissioner, C. I.; the second, Mr. Rustom, is Assistant Colléctor of Customs, and is in charge of the Opium Department. The latter has had a most successful career in the Opium Department, and during the recent enquiry by Lord Brassey’s Royal Commission did much to elicit the truth as to the effects of the Government traffic in this drug, and to clear the Government from many charges brought against them by ignorant people. Mr. Pestonji’s third son, Mr. Furdunji Pestonji, is a barrister-at-law of five years’ standing and is one of the most successful junior counsels, practising in Bombay and thé Mofussil. (194) KHAN BAHADUR PESTONJI JEHANGIR, C. I.E. The Hon. Pherozeshah M. Mehta, M. A., C. I. E., Etc. Mr. Pherozeshah M. Mehta was born in August, 1845, at Bombay, where his father was a member of the well-known firm of Messrs. Cama & Co. On completing his school life, at the Elphinstone Institution, Mr. Mehta.matriculated at the Bombay University and kept his terms at the Elphinstone College till he took his B. A. degree in 1864 and his M. A., with honors, six months later. He was subsequently nominated a fellow of his college. Sir Alexander Grant Bart, translator of Aristotle’s ethics, the then principal of the college, had conceived a high opinion of Mr. Mehta's talents early in his academical career, and foretold a bright and brilliant future for him. He was the first Parsee Master of Arts, and three years later he was the first Parsee to be called to the Bar. England with a view to read for the Bar. Mr. Mehta, whilst qualifying himself for the profession of law, found time to take a keen and active interest in the social and political reforms of India. He heartily co-operated with Messrs. Dadabhai Naoroji and W. C. Bonnerji in establishing the London Literary Society, which subsequently merged into the East India Association for the advocacy On Mr. Mehta’s return to India he was Within five years of his enrollment he was retained as junior to the celebrated counsel, the late Mr. Soon after taking his M. A. degree he proceeded to He joined Lincoln’s Inn and was called to the Bar in due course. of all legitimate Indian interests and aspirations. enrolled as a member of the Bombay High Court, and soon got into good practice. Anstey, in the Parsee Towers of Silence Case, and was praised by that gentleman for the ability displayed by him in a trying and difficult case. Space does not permit us to give a full account of Mr. Mehta’s professional career. Many and important have been the cases in which he has been retained, notably the Wilson-Cambay case, which was tried by a commis- sion appointed by the Government of India. He has conducted many cases and appeals in connection with almost all the native States in This case added greatly to his reputation. Kathiawar. In 1893 he was appointed by the Junagadh State as its Judicial Counsellor, which post he ably filled for two years. the State presented him, on his retirement, with a magnificent piece of silver plate costing For the eminent judicial services rendered in that capacity, 5000 rupees. The first public movement with which Mr. Mehta associated himself was that set on foot in 1869, to recognize the valuable services rendered to the public by Mr. Dadabhai Naoroji for nearly a quarter of a century; and to Mr. Mehta belongs the credit of having originated and brought it to a successful issue by the presentation of a handsome purse to that gentleman. The next event in which he took a leading part had reference to the agitation for municipal reform in 1871. The ratepayers were alarmed at the rapid increase of municipal indebtedness during the five years succeeding the grant by Government to the city of its first municipal constitution under the bench of justices.. A scheme of reform which, to Mr. Mehta's mind, lacked all the first principles of self-government on a constitutional basis was put forward at this time by certain, so-called, reformers. He, therefore, read a paper at the Framjee Cowasjee Institute, and sketched out the broad lines on which, in his opinion, municipal reform should proceed. Mr. Mehta had the satisfaction of seeing his scheme ultimately adopted by Government in a new municipal act which was passed in 1872. Mr. Mehta was elected a member of the Bombay Municipal Corporation in 1873, since which year he has continued to sit uninterruptedly, with credit to himself and advantage to the city. In 1884 he had the honor to be elected chairman of the Corporation,.and was re-elected in the following year. It is no exaggeration to say that he is the ablest chairman the Corporation ever had. The experience acquired by him in the Corporation proved of great service when it was proposed to supersede the Municipal Act of 1872 by the Municipal Act of 1888 during the administration of Lord Reay. Mr. Mehta was then nominated a member of the Local Legislative Council, and was chiefly instrumental, in conjunction with his lifelong colleague, (195 ) the late Mr. Justice Telang, in moulding the act into shape. Few have any idea of the amount of labor bestowed and the great practical experience brought to bear by Mr. Mehta and the late Mr. Justice Telang on this act during its passage through the Select Committee. There can be no doubt that Mr. Mehta’s work, in connection with the Municipal Corporation, will perpetuate his memory in the hearts and minds of his fellow citizens of Bombay. It may be said, with truth, that no person in India has given his utterances on matters of public importance with greater vigor of thought, sterling independence, forensic ability and sobriety of judgment than Mr. Mehta has. of the introduction of the Ilbert bill. appeared to lose their usual discretion and common sense. These qualifications were first exercised on the occasion Both Anglo-Indians and natives in most parts of India Bombay alone kept her balance The statesmanlike and moderate utterances of Mr. Mehta, and his two lifelong friends, the Honorable Mr. Justice Budruddin of mind and really rendered service to the Empire at large. Tyabjee and the late Mr. Justice Telang at the public meeting held in Bombay greatly assisted in calming the passion and strife existing in other parts of India, and the city deservedly earned the praises of Sir Evelyn Baring (now Lord Cromer) and Mr. (now Sir Courtenay) Ilbert, as being the centre of political sobriety and activity. The holding of the first great unconventional convention of the Indian people, which is popularly known as the Indian National Congress, is attributed to this agitation. The first sitting was held in Bombay under the Presidency of W. C. Bonnerjee, Esq. To Mr. Mehta’s lot fell the chairmanship of the Reception Committee of the Fifth Indian National Congress held in 1889, under the Presidency of that distinguished Anglo-Indian, Sir William Wedderburn, M. P., who is now the chairman of the British Committee of the Congress. This Congress is historical, it having been honored by the presence of the great, good and wise Charles Bradlaugh. The speech in which Mr. Mehta welcomed Mr. Bradlaugh was so happily conceived and so eloquently delivered that it elicited from that gentleman the highest praise. Next year Mr. Mehta was honored with the Presidency of the Sixth Congress held at Calcutta. In 1892 Mr. Mehta presided at the Fourth Provincial Conference held at Poona, and justified his position as the leader of native thought in the Presidency. In 1893 he was elected by the Municipal Corporation to represent Bombay in the enlarged Legislative Council established under the Amended Council’s Act of 1892. Later on he was elected by that Council itself to be the representative of the Presidency in the Viceregal Legislative Council. The work he did there and the vigor and independence with which he criticised the more important measures of the Supreme Government, such as the Cantonments Act and the Amended Police Act, as well as the Budget for 1895-96, elicited the highest praise from one end of the Empire to the other. For the valuable services thus rendered, the inhabitants of Bombay voted him a laudatory address in April, 1895, and his own community gave him a public dinner at the Ripon Club. The Seventh Provincial Conference, held in May of the same year, at Belgaum, under the Presidency of the able and cultured Mr. D. E. Wacha, voted an address also. on December 20, 1895. Failing health compelled Mr. Mehta to resign his seat in the Viceregal Legislative Council in the early part of 1896, but he remains a conspicuous figure in the Provincial Council. In recognition of his many and varied services he was, in 1895, created a Companion of the Order of the Indian Empire. It is to be hoped that at no distant date Mr. Mehta’s conspicuous ability may enable him to enter the British House of Commons where we feel certain his presence would not only be invaluable to India, but to every portion of the British Empire. Englishmen may justly be proud of the noble policy which has produced such men as Pherozeshah Mehta and many distinguished Indians like him, and consider that they have ‘‘ earned the title to glory all their own ’’ spoken of by Macaulay. Mr. Mehta may justly be considered as a tribune of the people, and it is to be hoped that he may long be spared to render further service to his country and raise his voice in the cause of right and justice whenever occasion requires. Both these addresses were formally presented to him Dr. John Pollen, B. A., LL. D., 1. C, S., Bar.-at-Law. Few names are better known, or held in greater esteem, through Western India than that of Dr. John Pollen, whose genial nature and genuine sympathy with the people have gained for him a high place in Native estimation. Dr. John Pollen, who was born on the third of June, 1848, is the third son of John Pollen, Esq., of Mount Haigh, Kingstown. He was educated at Kingstown School, commonly known as ‘‘ Stackpoole’s,”” a very famous school, and one that in the early fifties and sixties sent up many successful candidates for the Indian Civil Service, Woolwich and Sandhurst, besides supplying a goodly array of scholars to the Universities of Dublin, Oxford and Cambridge. Dr. John Pollen was the third brother of the family to pass into the Indian Civil Service, directly and indirectly, from this school and the Royal Schools of Dungannon and Portora. His eldest brother, Dr. A. D. Pollen, passed into the Bombay Civil Service in 1865, being the first member of the family to come to India. He it was who tried the Surat editors, and was afterward so well known for his good work as Special Judge under the Deccan Agricultural Relief Act, and subsequently as Judge of Belgaum and Poona. He acted for some time as Legal Remembrancer to Government, and was during Sir James Ferguson’s régime nominated by Sir Michael Westropp for the High Court, although nothing came of the nomination owing to the technical difficulty that service of Legal Remem- brancer could not, under the statute, be treated as equivalent to service as a Civil and Sessions Judge. Mr. F. Pollen, the second brother, passed for the Civil Service in 1867, and elected to serve in the Northwest Provinces, where, however, he died (at Bulandsher, where he was Col- lector and Magistrate), after some five years’ service. Dr. John Pollen, who is at present holding the important and responsible post of Commis- sioner of Customs, Salt, Opium, and Abkari, came to India in 1871, and commenced his service in Khandesh, whence he was transferred to Lower Bengal in the early months of 1874, to serve under Sir Richard (then Mr.) Temple, in combatting the Bengal Famine. When the famine was over, he returned to Khandesh, where he served as Railway Magistrate, Second Assistant and First Assistant Collector, until 1881, taking his share of work in the Bombay Famine in 1876, when he was promoted to act as Under Secretary to Government in the Judi- cial and Political Departments. He also acted for some time as Revenue Under Secretary during the absence of Mr. Acworth, and was soon afterward selected to succeed Mr. (now Sir Charles) Ollivant as Assistant Commissioner and Branch Inspector-General of Registrationin Sind. He served in Khandesh, Karachi, Broach, Ratnagiri and Tanch Mahals. In all the districts where Dr. Pollen has worked he has done much useful work in the matter of improving cities, building roads and dharamsalas, etc. His name is a household word amongst the rich and the poor alike, and in all the places where he has left his mark, streets, gardens, etc., have been named after him. When the plague first broke out, Dr. Pollen was a regular and constant visitor amongst the plague-stricken people, and did much to ameliorate their suffering. He was soon able to collect large amounts of money, which he personally distributed among the needy: Dr. Pollen is a B. A., a LL. D., a linguist and an author. He is a great Russian scholar, and has written several brochures and translations from the Russian. He is the author of ‘‘ The Life of General Wolfe,”’ and his best brochure is the ‘‘ Battle of the Characters.” Dr. Pollen has also taken a keen interest in volunteering, having served for nearly twenty years, at the Ho~N. PHEROZESHAH M. MEHTA, M. A, C. I. E. present time holding the rank of Major. Dr. JoEN PorreN, B. A.,;11,.D.,1.C. S. (197) The Late Nagar Sheth of Ahmedabad. The late Rao Bahadur Premabhai Hemabhai, Nagar Sheth of Ahmedabad, was a descendant of the Sisodia and Kakola branch of the renowned Solar dynasty of Padamsha, and left a name in the annals of his native city which will be cherished for many generations to come. His ancestors were well known for their steadfast friendship and unswerving loyalty to the rulers of their day. They were in direct touch with them, and formed an unfailing link between the rulers and the ruled. The title of Nagar Sheth was first conferred on Shantidas, the third of the Padamsha dynasty, by the Emperor Jehangir. To Khusalchand, the great-grandson, is due the credit of having saved Ahmedabad from the constant inroads of the intrepid Mahrattas. For this valuable service, and for his unflinching loyalty, Khusalchand was rewarded by being given the right to collect, for his own private use, the octroi duty of Ahmedabad. Instead of this right being continued, Government now grant to his descendants a political pension of Rs. 2,133 yearly. Such was the chivalrous and patriotic ancestry which Mr. Premabhai claimed. He was born in 1815, and inherited all the virtues of his ancestors, including unwavering loyalty to the rulers of the country. The first important display of his philanthropy was in connection with the melancholy events of 1857. Hospitals for the relief of the wounded were then being estah- lished in many parts of the country. This led Mr. Premabhai to endow his native city with a hospital for the relief of the suffering of all castes and creeds. He came forward with a dona- tion of Rs. 22,150, to which a like amount was added by his brother-in-law, Sheth Hathisingh. This hospital still flourishes in Ahmedabad, and bears the joint names of the two donors. His next charity had for its object the improvement of the minds of his countrymen. The want of a good library was seriously felt, so Sheth Premabhai contributed the sum of Rs. 7,050 for the purpose of building one. This library is known as the Hemabhai Institute, and it is second to none in Gujarat. He gave the handsome sum of Rs. 10,000, toward the formation of the Gujarat College, a flourishing academy which prepares students for the B. A. course of the Presidency University. About the same time he extended his liberality in matters of education to the Grant Medical College of Bombay, by founding a gold-medalship for the most successful student at the annual examination. During the eventful days of the Mutiny, when the loyalty of the people was sorely tried, and Government stood in need of information from Central India, owing to the cutting of the telegraph wires by the mutineers, Mr. Premabhai showed the traditional loyalty of his family by establishing dik communication between Indore and Ahmedabad, the importance of which was testified to by the Collector, Mr. Hadow, and the Judge, Mr. Warden, who had thus been able to receive authentic information daily. In 1863, when the Victoria and Albert Museum at Bombay was established, Mr. Premabhai gave a donation of Rs. 1,350, to which he added Rs. 10,000 for the railings round the building and the surrounding gardens. Famine having overtaken Ahmedabad, Mr. Premabhai gave 20,000 rupees to the starving poor in the space of two years. He gave, as a grant in aid, Rs. 2,000 to the Gujarat Society for promoting the vernacular language, and about 23,000 rupees toward the erection of dharamsalas at Naroda, Sarkhej, Barvala, Gundi Matar and Umarala. But liberal as the above benefactions were, Mr. Premabhai’s philanthropy found still greater expression in the building of religious places and temples and shrines. On the sacred hill of Strunja are to be seen lasting memorials of his piety in the Jain temples which he built there at a cost of five lakhs of rupees, and these temples are the admiration of all Jain worship- ers. Pilgrims also enjoy, with feelings of the deepest gratitude, the dharamsala erected near the sacred mountain for the purpose of giving them shelter and the comforts of a home. If Mr. Premabhai’s religious sentiments found solid expression in beautiful temples and dharmsalas for the use of his fellow beings, he did not, on the other hand, forget the brute creation, for he built a panjrapole (rest house) for their benefit. Sheth Premabhai took little part in politics. Still, as the leader and representative of the great Nagar community of Gujarat, he was nominated to a seat in the Bombay Legislative Council soon after its establishment under the Governorship of Sir Bartle Frere. He passed the latter days of his life in quietude and retirement, devoting himself to religious contemplation. He was gathered to his forefathers, full of years, in 1887, and the sorrow of his countrymen found expression in the erection of a permanent memorial in his honor, in the shape of a noble hall, which is associated with his name. Sheth Manibhai Premabhai. ANIBHAI, the third and last son of the late well-known Ahme- dabad, philanthropist Premabhai, was born in 1863 at Ahmedabad, and received his English education at the Government High School in that city. At the early age of eighteen he entered into business under the keen eye of his shrewd father, and on the latter's death he carried on business on his own account. When he was twenty-seven he was appointed a Municipal Com- missioner by Government, and later on he had the honor of being elected the first Vice-President of the Municipality, and at the expiration of his first term of office he was unanimously re-elected. He received a sound initiation into municipal affairs under the able guidance of the experienced Rao Bahadur Run- chordlal Chotalal, and on this gentleman’s death in 1898 he was made President of the Ahmedabad Municipality, a position he now holds. Mr. Manibhai is said to be the youngest non-official President of a Municipality in the Presidency of Bombay. Following in the footsteps of his esteemed father, Mr. Manibhai has worthily maintained the family reputation for philanthropy, and has assisted many public institutions for the benefit of his native city. RAO BAHADUR PREMABHAI HEMABHAIL (198) SHETH MANIBHAI PREMABHAL (199) Mr. Premchund Roychund, Seth. Mr. Premchund Roychund is the son of Mr. Roychund Dipchund, a Surat merchant, of the Jain community. He was born in March, 1831, and was educated at the Elphinstone Institution, till he attained the age of sixteen years, when he started life on a small scale, as an exchange and share-broker. Shrewdness and perseverance, as the basis of his under- takings, carried him along steadily toward the early sixties, and crowned his efforts with a large fortune, placing him foremost on the list of brokers doing business in Bombay. His influence with all the banks and mercantile firms, both European and native, was very great; so much so, that he was the prime mover in transactions in stocks and shares, often even acutally ruling the markets. No concerns were started or transaction undertaken without Mr. Premchund’s knowledge and approval, or advice. Little wonder then, that he, having attained so prominent a position in the commercial world, also amassed a fortune of some crores of rupees. Speculation in Bombay at this period (1861-65) had become so exciting that adventurers from all parts were attracted to the city. The progress of commerce replaced agency houses with banks, and the shares were greedily bought up at high premiums. Shipping companies were started to make the merchants of Bombay independent of English ship-owners, and, as a new and powerful incentive to speculation, financial associations were introduced, the shares of which frequently ran up to nearly a hundred per cent premium on the nominal capital of Rs. 400 per share, when only Rs. 100 had been paid up, and no actual business done. All these speculations, however great as they may seem, were outdone by the gigantic scheme of the Back Bay Reclamation project, by which the company had, in the first place, to provide the land on the shore of Back Bay along which the B. B. C. I. Railway now runs, and afterwards to use up the residue of the ground reclaimed, for the purpose of providing sites for marine residences. The shares of this company ran up to Rs. 25,000 each, where Rs. gooo had been paid up, or more than 500 per cent premium, and this threw the city into a state of frenzy. The price of land ran up enormously; other land companies were started, and were greatly encouraged by the Government. The cotton trade also poured enormous wealth into Bombay, during this period, when the cotton supply from America was cut off by the Civil War. The average annual export of cotton from Bombay during those years was valued at 421,582,847. Such was the state of excitement in Bombay in those days, and such were some of the ingenious schemes devised for amassing fortunes, of which Mr. Premchund was the prime mover. He acquired a wide-spread renown, consequent on his brilliant success, through the slow exercise of honest industry, and was credited with a genius and faculty for business so envious that people flocked to his sanctum to solicit his advice in business matters. Mr. Premchund’s individual interests occupied every available moment of the day, and, to provide against the importunities of those people who were struck with a natural desire to acquire wealth, he was obliged to have a sentry, or porter, placed at his gate to prevent people from encroaching on his valuable time. So eager were the people to interview Mr. Premchund, that they went so far as to offer bribes to his porter of Rs. 300, or Rs. 400, to be allowed to see him for a few moments only. With all the wealth at his command, Mr. Premchund Roychund was not forgetful of the needy and poor. He is credited with disbursements to various charities to the extent of twenty lakhs of rupees. While the war in America lasted, the cotton trade in Bombay induced heavy specula- tion, and we are sorry to record, that Mr. Premchund Roychund took the lead. All the cotton that the Guzerat district could produce was bought up by him in the hope that the great Civil War would last; but the crash came in the spring of 1865, when a telegram PREMCHUND ROYCHUND,K SETH. (200) announcing the surrender of Lee’s army and the practical termination of the war. This brought ruin and distress to Bombay. The price of Indian cotton came down with a run, and hundreds were ruined, millions of money vanished as if by magic, and Mr. Premchund Roychund was helpless to prevent it. The wealth he had gathered together disappeared faster than he had collected it, and he found himself a ruined man and totally bankrupt. Undaunted, however, by this terrible calamity, Mr. Premchund brought all his faculties into play again, and started in business once more, as a broker. By his perseverance, coupled with honest dealings and indefatigable zeal and energy, he succeeded in retrieving the greater part of his lost fortune, and he now stands once more, among the wealthy brokers of Bombay. Mr. Premchund was naturally gifted with a genius for business, so much so, that, in all his dealings, whether in stocks or shares, gold, silver, opium, cotton, bills of exchange, or any other security on the markets, he has never been known to have recourse to a note book of any kind or to record his transactions, the average total value of which daily amounts to some lakhs of rupees. All these he retains in his memory till the close of business each evening, when he dictates to his clerks all the transactions of the day; never forgetting an item. Mr. Premchund is of an active and daring nature. He is credited with being a courageous man, caring little for pomp or show. Closely following the religion of his ancestors, while his principal characteristics are promptness in business matters, and liberal donations toward charity. As one of the principal promoters of education he has, from time to time, bestowed several lakhs of rupees in gifts, in return for which he has been appointed a Fellow of the Bombay University. His munificent grant of Rs. 6,39,000 to the Bombay University resulted in the erection of that elaborate edifice, the University Library and the Rajabai Clock Tower, which was named after his mother, and designed by Mr. Gilbert Scott. On the Calcutta University, he bestowed the handsome sum of three lakhs of rupees, the interest of which goes toward the maintenance of an annual scholarship called the ‘‘Premchund Roychund Studentship.’’ To the Ahmedabad Training College, he gave Rs. 80,000; and a private donation of Rs. 60,000 to the Frere Fletcher Girls’ School, which would still have remained unknown had not the will of Miss Prescot (the founder of the school) been discussed in the courts of law on that lady’s demise. Mr. Premchund also bought a large building with an extensive piece of land at Mahim and bestowed it on the Scottish Orphanage. He established a female school in Surat called after his father the Roychund Dipchund Girls’ School. He also built a library at Broach, which was called after his father. For this he was presented with an address of thanks from the inhabitants of Broach, and a large portrait of the donor was lately unveiled by the Collector of that city, in the library, before a large gathering of people, on which occasion Mr. Premchund spent Rs. 5,000 in various other charities. He also built several dharamsalas in Guzerat and Kathiawar, while he restored many old, and built new, Hindoo Temples, which together with other miscellaneous buildings stand to-day as further records of his charities. He established a boarding and lodging house in Bombay, which he endowed with a gift of Rs. 50,000., the interest to go toward feeding the poor. To encourage architecture in India, Mr. Premchund, in conjunction with Mr. Karsandas Madhavdas of Bombay, and Mr. Prem- bhai Hemebabhai of Ahmedabad, contributed largely toward the publication of Sir Theodore Hope's Treatise on the Architecture of Mysore, Bijapur, and Ahmedabad, in three large handsomely bound volumes, copies of which may be seen at the Asiatic Library. His love for and kindness to animals may also be seen in that refuge for stray animals at Panjrapor over which he has spent some thousands of rupees. Notwithstanding all these gifts Mr. Premchund Roychund still continues his charities in minor instances, which average some Rs. 3000 monthly. Purshottomrai Sunderji Zala, Esq., Naib Dewan of Junagad. Mr. Purshottomrai belongs to the Z4ld family of the Vadnagara Nagar community. He was born in Junagad on the twenty-sixth of December, 1861. The fidelity, devotion to duty and unswerving attachment to their ruler of this well-known family are proverbial in Kathia- war, and it is they who contributed in no small degree to the making of Jagannath Z4l3, Govindji Z4l4, Gokulji Z4l4 and other illustrious men connected with the history of Junagad. Jagannath Murarji Z4l4 was the first to come into prominence, and his conspicuous abilities soon secured for him the position of Diwan of Junagad, to which post he was appointed in 1750, and which he filled for eight years with credit to himself and advantage to the State. Amerji Rudarji, another member of the family, was selected in 1791 as private karbhari to the zenana of H. H. the Nawab Saheb Bahadurkhanji the first, a position of great responsibility. He discharged the duties with tact and ability, and his services were rewarded in 1797 by a grant in Zzam, in perpetuity, of the village of Gangecha. Amarji continued to hold the appointment till his demise in 1818, and his two sons, Govindji and Indraji, were, after his death, selected to work as karbharis to H. H. Ahmed Khanji. They, too, discharged their trust with ability and honor. Gokulji Sampatram Z414 the celebrated statesman and Diwan of Junagad, was the grand- son of Indraji, and was born in 1814. He made himself famous by the rare virtues of probity, moral courage, high sense of duty, and, above all, an unblemished social reputation. He rose to be Diwan to the ruler of Sanrashtra, which position he occupied till his death. To his administration are due various reforms in the State, which added materially to its progress and prosperity. Being very well versed in the Vedantic philosophy, he was strictly religious and led a righteous life, earning for himself the title of ‘Sugna’’ (7. e., wise). Sunderji Z4l4, the paternal uncle of Gokulji, and the father of Mr. Purushottamrai, was a man of moderate means and retiring disposition. His integrity and honesty were unflinching, and these qualifications secured for him the post of head of the Daftari Daftar, an appointment conferring on him consideiable authority. His unassuming manner and his unswerving loyalty and devotion made so indelible an impression on the minds of the members of the regency of H. H. the Nawab Saheb Sir Mahabatkhanji, that on his demise in 1879, his eldest son, Mr. Purushottamrai, though a boy of fifteen only, was entrusted with his late father’s duties. Mr. Purushottamrai was a promising young man, and the pious and devout Gokuljibhai, with the prescience and keen observation inherent in such men, predicted a great future for him. As a near cousin, he naturally had some regard for the youth, and this ripened into love as his noble qualities developed themselves. That well-known scholar and author, Mr. Mansukhram S. Tripathi, in his biography of the late Bahadur Gokuljibhai, says, on page 302, that the deceased statesman used to say that of all the members of the Z4l4 family then living he was most impressed by Mr. Purushottamrai, and predicted that he was destined to be a great and good man, and he hoped that he would add to the reputation of the Z4l4 family. Having been deprived of his father at the tender age of fifteen, and as, being the eldest male member of the family, the cares of looking after its interests had devolved upon him, he had to abandon his studies and accept the post conferred on him by the administration under the advice of H. E. Vazir Saheb Bahauddinbhai Hashambhai, C. I. E., who had the greatest regard for and highly appreciated the great self-sacrifice, honesty and truthfulness of Mr. Purushot- tamrai’s deceased father. Mr. Purushottamrai, being endowed with more than ordinary intelligence, power of keen observation and working capacity, performed his duties so well that he soon became a persona grata with, and won golden opinions from, all his superiors. In the course of a few years he fully merited the confidence reposed in him by His Highness the Nawab Saheb, and he was, in 1882, entrusted with the duties of the Hazur Assistant, a post that requires great tact, zeal and sagacity, all of which the young official possessed in no small degree. While thus employed he lost no opportunity of making up for the loss he had sustained in giving up his studies at an early age, for he utilized all his spare time in reading learned works. He is thus essentially a self-made man. He is a close observer of men and manners, and this, together with his various capabilities and power of organization have made him an able statesman and a saga- cious administrator. Mr. Purushottamrai was so well thought of, even when he was a mere boy of fifteen that he was selected as one of the party that accompanied H. H. the late Sir Mahabatkhanji, to the Delhi Assemblage in 1877. He was again selected in 1893 as the State officer to acconi- pany H. H. Sir Rasulkhanji during his tour through Northern India. On both occasions he acquitted himself with credit, and Captain (now Major) Hyde Cates, the British officer who was companion to His Highness in the second tour, says: ‘‘I have now seen a good deal of Mr. Purushottamrai Z4l4, and I find him a very nice, agreeable companion, and what is a great thing, especially on these occasions, a thorough gentleman. Mr. Purushottamrai’s career as a statesman represents an unbroken series of successes, and this has not only fulfilled all tue anticipations and promises of his youth, but has far surpassed them. The secret of his success lies in his moral courage, singleness of purpose, loyalty to the State and its chiefs, simplicity of manner, well-directed liberality and forbear- ance. It is very rare that so many valuable qualities, both of the head and of the heart are combined in one individual. His faithful services to the State have not been of an ordinary nature. As Hazur Assistant he had to accomplish very important and responsible work, all of which he despatched with efficiency. Mr. Purushottamrai’s official designation was changed from Hazur Assistant to Naib Diwan, with increased powers and responsibilities. This appointment he holds to the present day. In this capacity he has proved himself of the greatest value to the State. When the Chief Diwan, the late Mr. Haridas Viharidas, once thought of retiring from his position, His Highness Nawab Saheb Bahadurkhanji gave unmistakable proof of the implicit confidence that he had in Mr. Purushottamrai’s fidelity and ability, by offering him this, the highest post in the State. Mr. Purushottamrai, however, with his wonted modesty, declined the kind offer. In recognition of his valuable services H. H. the late Sir Bahadurkhanji, C. I. E., was leased, in 18qo, to grant to Mr. Purushottamari and his heirs the village of Bahadurpur in perma- nent zzam. That His Highness the present Nawab Saheb places the same implicit confidence in him, and is no less conscious of his valuable services and full worth, is obvious from the fact that in the Council for carrying on the State affairs during His Highness’ absence in England— when he proposed goiug there on the occasion of the opening of the Impereal Institute— Mr. Purushottamrai’s name was mentioned, together with those of Rao Bahadur Chunilal Sarabhai and others, asa member. In recommending Mr. Purushottamrai, His Highness said : ‘“ Mr. Purushottamrai Z414 has worked with my Diwan, Mr. Haridas, and has been for a long time very useful in the administration by his intelligence, tact, integrity and high character, which had earned the full confidence of my late brother, and has also done the same with me.” It was to the well-conceived plans and better directed efforts of Mr. Purushottamrai—of course, under the advice of His Excellency the Saheb Bahauddinbhai Vazir and the Diwan Sardar Rao Bahadur Behechardas Viharidas Desai—that the amicable settlement of the long-standing disputes between the Hindus and Mussulmans of Prathas Pattan was due. This breach between the two communities had been a source of great anxiety to the administration. Being a well-read man himself, and having had the benefit of the society of that pro- found scholar, Mr. Mansukhrambhai, Mr. Purushottamrai has contributed in no ordinary degree towards the encouragement of education in the State. He is well-known as a lover of literature and an admirer of the learned. That he combines in himself indomitable courage and exceptional endurance with great capacity as a statesman and an administrator, is shown in the fact of his having voluntarily undertaken to carry on operations against the Makrani bad- mashes who went into outlawry against the State in 1896. With wonderful pluck and coolness, he organized ghist parties, chalked out the line for them to work on, and placed himself at the head of a party. His efforts were crowned with success, for in less than a year the whole party of badmashes, numbering over twenty, were either captured or killed. The suppression of the Maiya offenders of 1898 was also attributed to his foresight and advice. Of late Mr. Puru- shottamrai has been entrusted, conjointly with H. E. the Vazir Saheb, with the more arduous duty of effecting a settlement of State alienated lands, haks, etc., amicably with the holders. The work of settlement of alienations is always a thankless task, for itis believed to affect vested interests. But the tact and administrative capacity which he and the Vazer Saheb brought to bear on the question has effected the settlement of no less than 1,378 holdings. Mr. Purushottamrai is at present only thirty-eight years of age, and there should be a bright future before him. Had his sphere of usefulness heen more extensive he would undoubtedly have been brought as prominently before the Indian public generally as he has been before the inhabitants of Junagad and Kathiawar. PURUSHOTTAMRAT SUNDERJI ZALA, ESQUIRE (202) Ranachhodabhai Udayarama, Esquire. Mr. Ranachhodabhai, the well known Gujarati author and dramatist, was born at Mahudha in Gujarat in 1838, and is a Khedavala Brahmana by caste. He received his early education in his native place and displayed such aptitude for study that he was advised to seek higher education than that afforded in the local school, and this he did at Nadiad; and subsequently at Ahmedabad, where he completed his school life at the High and the Law Schools. Whilst a student in the latter, Mr. Ranachhodabhai devoted his leisure Lours to writing essays on important subjects and in composing poetry. Shortly afterward he was » appointed editor of the ‘‘Budhi Prakasha,’’ a journal published by the Gujarati Vernacular Society. Sir Theodore Hope, who took a great interest in Mr. Ranachhodabhai’s literary work, sought his advice and help in connection with the ‘‘ Gujarati Reading Series,’’ which he, Sir Theodore, was then issuing. Mr. Ranachhodabhai subsequently accepted a position in the office of the Collector of Ahmedabad, and subsequently one in that of the Educational Inspector, but being offered by Mr. Bechedas Ambaidas (who was a leading banker of Ahmedabad and the native agent for the well-known firm of Messrs. Lawrence & Co. ), the position of this agent in Bombay, Mr. Ranachhodabhai accepted the place. This was the time of the disastrous Share Mania in Bombay, when so many wealthy and reputedly shrewd men came to grief, but Mr. Ranachhodabhai managed the affairs entrusted to him with so much care and foresight that his principal was not involved in the crash which came after the Southern States of the United States of America were defeated. Mr. Ranachhodabhai subsequently acted as agent in Bombay for the States of Gondal, Palunpur and Idar, and in 1884, His Highness Sir Khenjarji, G. C. S. I., Rao of Cutch, invited Mr. Ranachhodabhai to become his Huzur Assistant, and this place he still holds alike to the Rao’s and the people of Cutch’s benefit, he having displayed, in the discharge of his duties, honesty, industry and political sagacity. Though, as will be seen from a perusal of this sketch, Mr. Ranachhodabhai has led an active commercial and political life, he has found time to devote to work of a literary character, and is the author of more than twenty-five books dealing with various subjects, eight being original dramas, three translations of Sanskrit dramas, three on political matters, two moral essays, three on rhetoric and poetry and the remainder on miscellaneous subjects. He has also translated the Laghu Siddhanta Kaumidi and the Hon. A. K. Forbes’ Rasmala, and to these two translations he has added full explanatory notes. The names of Mr. Ranachhodabhai’s principal works are Jaya Kumari Vijaya Nataka, Lalita Dukkha Darsaka Nuttaka, Nula Damayani Nataka, Mudalasa and Pitudhyaja, Banasura Mada Mardana, Natya Prakasha, Rasa Prakasha and Rana Pinjala. Mr. Ranachhodabhai is noted through the Bombay Presidency for his different works, which are characterized by their high moral principles and clearness and simplicity of style. He has in addition to the foregoing, translated into Gujarati the Laghu Siddhanta Kaumidi (a Sanskrit work on Grammar). It may be safely said that no living Gujarati author is more widely read than the subject of our sketch. RANACHHODABHAI-UDAVARAMA, ESQUIRE. (203) THE LATE . Mr. RANCHORDLAL CHOTOLAL, C. I. E. Tl Rr The Late Hon. Mr. Runchordlal Chotalal, C. I. E. The late Hon. Mr. Runchordlal Chotalal, who was born at Ahmedabad, in Guzrat, on April 29, 1823, was by descent a Sathodra Nagur Brahman, a caste well known for intelligence, bravery and distinguished political life. In his young days there was no government English school in Guzrat, and young kunchordlal, after acquiring the usual training in the Vernacular, learned English under private tuition, and, aided by self-study, qualified himself to discharge official duties, and to deliver public addresses in effective and impres- sive English. He also possessed a very fair knowledge of Sanskrit and Persian. He entered Government service as a clerk in the Customs Department on a salary of Rs. 20 ) per month, and in ten years’ time had risen to the position of Assistant Political Agent in the Panch Mahals, on a salary of Rs. 300 per month. He, however, left Government service for the more lucrative field of cotton manufacture, and in 1859 he started the first cotton mill in Ahmedabad, which Was, by the way, the third mill to be erected in the Bombay Presidency. Ahmedabad is at present the second cotton manufacturing city of impor- tance in India, and Mr. Runchordlal had the credit of being the father of the industry in Guzrat. Mr. Runchordlal contributed greatly to public charities, his benefactions in this direction amounting to over Rs. 3,00,000. Among the institutions that were founded by him are: ‘* The Runchordlal Dispensary,” ‘‘ The Jubilee Female Dispensary,” ‘‘The Lord Harris Traveling Dispensary,” ‘‘ The Runchordlal Medical Home and Relief Institution,”” ‘The Runchordlal Girls’ School,” ** The Runchordlal Shapur Vidyalaye,’’ and ‘ Sathodra Sabha Mandap.” His contributions towards both the Guzrat College and the Prarthana Samaj show how his sympathies varied. He took special interest in municipal affairs, and from 1868 various reforms at Ahmeda- bad were instituted and carried out by him in all their details. Among these may be mentioned the removal of the night soil, the estzblishment of a tramway in connection therewith, the Ahmedabad Water Works, and the Ahmedabad Drainage Works, which latter, however, are still incomplete, although about one-quarter of the city is provided with the new drainage. Mr. Runchordlal was President of the Ahmedabad municipality for the last fourteen years of his municipal career, and he had the great and consoling satisfaction of recording a large reduction in the rate of mortality, owing to the sanitary reforms which He had himself carried through. It may be mentioned that the Ahmedabad public, though hostile at the time of the initiation of these reforms, were very enthusiastic in applauding his work in the 'atter part of his career. In recognition of his public services Government conferred on Mr. Runchordlal the Companionship of the Most Eminent Order of the Indian Empire (C.I E), mn 1883 1 addi- tion to the title of Rao Bahadur. In 1892 he was nominated by Government as Additional Member of the Legislative Council of the Bombay Presidency, and he was twice reappointed after serving his first term, and his opinions were always highly esteemed He took part tn various movements for the social and moral advancement of the people, he was a warm supporter of the temperance movement: and he always used his influence to reduce the number of liquor shops in the city. He was a regular attendant at the Prarthana Samaj, and his sym- pathies extended to the Congress as well as to Conference Movemz ats. This “Grand old Man *’ of Guzrat, as he was called by the people, died on the twenty- sixth of October, 1898, at the ripe old age of seventy-five. A (204) The Hon. Mr. Justice Russell, B. A., Bar-at-Law. The Hon. Mr. Justice Louis P. Russell is the third son of John Alexander Russell, Esq., formerly a merchant of Bombay, and was born on the tenth of December, 1850. He was educated at Rugby from 1862 until 1868, after which he entered Trinity College, Oxford, where he graduated, taking the degree of Bachelor of Arts, and gaining honors in Moderations and the Final Law and History School. He was called to the Bar (Middle Temple), in January, 1875. He acted as Administrator-General of the Bombay Presidency on several occasions, and was appointed a Puisne Judge of the High Court of Judicature, at Bombay, on the eighth of December, 1898, which important post he still holds. The Late Shetn Sarabhai Maganbhai Karamchand. The subject of this sketch was the grandson of Sheth Motibhai, and brother of the late Rao Bahadur Sheth Maganbhai Karamchand, who, having no son of his own, adopted Sarabhai as his heir and successor. As he was only four months old when Sheth Maganbhai died in 1864, he was brought up and educated under the care of the late Sir Cursetjee Jamsetjee Jeejeebhoy, the second Baronet. Sheth Umabhai Hathising, the late Hon. Rao Bahadur Run- chordlal Chotalel, C. I. E., the late Sheth Becherdass Ambaidass, C. S. I., and Sheth Bhanbhai Trikumdass, were appointed trustees by Sheth Maganbhai, and the last-named gentleman being his nephew the immediate management of the property fell on his shoulders, while the duty of rearing and educating young Sarabhai devolved on his grandmother, Sangarbai. Death, how- ever, soon deprived young Sarabhai of the tender care of this kind lady, who passed away when he was only ten years old. Nevertheless, owing to his industrious habits of life, he fin- ished his education in 1881 at the age of seventeen, be passing the Matriculation Examination at the Bombay University. He then joined the Gujarat College at Ahmedabad, but after about a year he relinquished his studies on the advice of his trustees who had decided on his future occupation. In 1878 a new industry was started in Ahmedabad in the shape of a Calico Printing Com- pany, and, owing to unfavorable circumstances, the original agents of the company gave up the concern which the trustees of Sarabhai took over on his behalf. This company was named the Ahmedabad Manufacturing and Calico Printing Company I’t’d. The trustees had previously invested considerable capital in the company, hence it was that they thought it better to take it over entirely and keep it going under a mew name. At that time Sheth Sarabhai was nearly out of his teens, and had given indication of qualities which go to make an excellent business man. He was therefore removed from college and placed in business, at an age when many young men, in similar stations of life, are wasting their time in idleness. In the beginning of Sarabhai’s business career, the mill did weaving alone, but as this did not pay satisfactorily, owing to the necessity of purchasing yarn from others, Sarabhai in 1883 introduced spinning in addition, and since then it has been a spinning and weaving mill. There were at first only 7,000 spindles, but these were increased to 20,000 in 1889. Although Sarabhai had to look after his banking firms in Ahmedabad, Bombay, and other places, he was still able to devote a portion of his time and attention to his mill, where he displayed qualities of head and heart which attracted many persons who were anxious to either serve under him or join in his business. Sarabhai’s life was of short duration; yet, owing to his mild temper, sharp intellect, and readiness to oblige, he endeared himself to the public, and was equally respected by Govern- ment officials. From 1885 he served as a member of the Ahmedabad Municipality, and for a long time he was secretary to the Girls’ School, an institution founded by his adoptive father. In his will he set apart a large sum for the establishment of a foundling asylum. His devotion to his own religion was exemplified by his bequeathing a similar amount for objects connected with Jainism. Sheth Sarabhai frequently visited Bombay, and his love for traveling and his religious zeal induced him to visit Kathiawar, Madras, Calcutta, Mahableshwar, Abu, Mysore, the Nilgiris and Cashmere. He was voung, handsome and wealthy—all conditions favorable for the indul- gence of vice——yet he maintained a high standard of virtue; and was temperate in all things. Fortune favored him in everything, except, as will be seen in the most important one of all— health. In 1885 he contracted a serious type of remittent fever, from which he recovered only after a long illness. In 1895 while returning from Ambajee, another serious illness confined him to his bed, and, though all that human effort could accomplish was done for him, he died at the early age of thirty-one, his many friends among the several communities of Ahmedabad sincerely mourning his untimely death. His young widow expired three months later, and the family now consists of Mr. Sarabhai’s two daughters and as on, Sheth Ambalal, a boy of nine, and his younger brother, Mr. Chimanlal, who is now thirty vears of age. These two brothers, owing to their deep affection for each other, were called ‘ Rama and Lakshman,” by their acquaintances. The young man whose brief career is sketched above set an example that young sons of rich parents, finding themselves suddenly wealthy, may with advantage follow. (205) THE LATE SHETH SARABHAI MAGANBHAI KARAMCHUND. The Late Shet Goculdas Liladhur Pasta. The name of Shet Goculdas Liladhur Pasta stands high on the list of those who have upheld the fair fame of the City of Bombay. The Bhattia community, of which he was a mem- ber, consider it their duty to perform acts of charity, to help one another, and to feed the poor members of other communities, as well as of their own. When the smile of the fickle goddess of fortune brightens his path, the successful Bhattia turns his thoughts to the poor and less for- tunate, and, iu this particular, Shet Goculdas Liladhur followed the well-known traditions of his race, and rendered himself prominent for his deeds of charity and good works. He was lavish in publicly helping the general poor of Bombay, and privately he assisted the indigent of his own community. The founder of the Pasta family was the late N. P. Shet Mohanjee, the grandfather of Goculdas Liladhur. Shet Mohanjee went to Bombay about the year 1855, and commenced business as a cotton merchant, trading with the leading European firms in the city. He won the title of ‘‘ Pasta’ —or ‘ prince >’—on account of his princely generosity, and this cognomen is still borne by his descendants. Mr. Goculdas was born in 1809. He received, at the hands of his father, as good an educa- tion as could be obtained in those d ys. This was supplemented by the paternal advice and instruction in commercial affairs. Mr. Goculdas commenced his career by becoming the agent of several leading firms, and he gradually extended his business as his reputation for prompt- ness and fair dealing became established. Later on he joined his father in business, subsequently becoming the sole guaranteed broker of the London, Asiatic and American Company, which was one of the most enterprising firms of its day. With Mr. Goculdas, as with most successful men whose success has been due to steady work and worth, the shade of depression swept across his business, but he ever maintained the some equable spirits and sound commercial habits, never losing a chance of improving his position and widening the facilities which increas- ing wealth gave him. All this time his charities were widespread, and his business dealings were tempered with acts of kindness and forbearance to those with whom he came in contact. His generous nature would never allow him to deny help to his immediate friends, and he proved himself “* a friend in need >’ and ‘‘ a friend indeed ”’ to many in the dark days into which Bombay commerce fell at the time of the collapse of the period known as the ‘‘ share mania.” He stood by his friends when they appealed to him, and at one time he risked as much as forty-nine lakhs of rupees in order to save the credit of others. His probity and uprightness in all his business habits and transictions formed the secret of his success. The story of the rise of the commercial house that bears his name would form of itself an instructive chapter. In private life Mr. Goculdas was greatly beloved. Simple in manner, and open in conversa- tion, he was neither vain nor proud, and his accessibility made him an object of affection to his fellows, who were charmed by his simplicity, his kindness, and his cheerful disposition. In 1862 Mr. Goculdas journeyed to Cutch in order to perform the thread ceremony of his son, Mr. Madhowdas. His charitable nature asserted itself strongly upon that occasion, in the performance of those acts and rites which amongst Hindus are accounted pious. He fed all the Bhattia inhabitants of Cutch and Kathiawar ten times, and presented each with a small silver vessel, the total cost of these gifts amounting to seven lakhs of rupees. When he died in 1873, and went to reap the reward of his life of piety, rich and poor alike bemoaned his death. Mr. Goculdas left an only son, Mr. Madhowdas, who has studiously followed in the footsteps of his revered father. It would be impossible to give a complete list of the charities of the late Mr. Goculdas buta few of them may be mentioned. He constructed a large well at Prabhas Patan near Veraval, at a cost of Rs. 5,000; a handsome temple at Chordwad, near Verawal, at a cost of Rs. 10,000; a dharamsala and sada vrata at Dwarika, at a cost of Rs, 40,000; a large causeway through the sacred town of Narayen Sarovar, stretching through the Runn of Cutch, which has proved an inestimable benefit to the throngs of pilgrims who yearly resort to that sacred place. the cost being over Rs. 50,000; he presented a village yielding an income of Rs. 2000 a year to the Holy Pagoda of Jagonath Poori for its maintenance and support; he founded a splendid and commodious dharamsala at Mathura, the cost of this valuable place of charity being over Rs 100,000 ; and he also caused rows of shady dapamb trees to be planted, and built a tank called Goolal Kund and a comfortable dharamsala near Gokul via Giriraj at a cost of Rs. 15,000. This list by no means exhausts the number of his public acts of charity. Hisextensive private charities in Bombay were well known. The friends of his youth and most of those of his man- hood have passed away, yet it is pleasing to know that the name of Shet Goculdas Liladhur still lives, and that thousands are still being benefited by institutions established by him, in return for which they shower blessings on his name. ‘The memory of the just Smells sweet, and blossoms in the dust.” (206) THE LATE SHET GOCULDAS LirLIADHUR PASTA. Shrimant Bhasker Rao Vithal Khasgiwale. The subject of our sketch is hereditary Dewan of Baroda. He belongs to the Chandra- seniya Kayasthia Prabhu Caste, one of the warlike tribes of India which is famous for the men of spirit and talent it has produced. Dewan Raojee Appajee and his brother, Babajee Appajee, the grandfather of Mr. Bhasker Rao, were soldiers and statesmen who have played important parts in the history of the Baroda State. After the death of the veteran soldier and statesman, Babajee, in 1810, his son, Vithal Rao Bhausaheb succeeded to the Dewanship. In 1828, Bhausaheb adopted Mr. Bhasker Rao, then only ten years old, and died in the same year. As Mr. Bhasker Rao was very young, the office work was conducted by Gopal Atmaram Devadker till 1833, when Veniram Aditram was appointed Kharbari. His Highness Sayajee Rao Maharajah, having a personal grudge against the subject of our sketch, charged him with murder, when he was only twenty years old, and stopped his personal nemnuk of Rs. 70,000 for a year. In 1836. Mr. Bhasker Rao fell into the bad graces of the Minister, Veniram, for refusing to pay him the Vakil's dasturi of one per cent, and in the next year, Mr. Bhasker Rao’s natural father was instigated to proceed against him by armed force, and confine him, and he escaped the tortures only by the intervention of the British Resident. In 1847, Sayajee Rao Maharajah died, and was succeeded by his eldest son, Ganpat Rao, who was a weak prince, controlled by his intriguing minister, Bhan Tambekar, who conducted the office work. Mr. Bhasker Rao was then but nominal Dewan, drawing his salary of Rs. 1,20,000, including the expenditure of the establishment. The British Government withdrew the guarantee from Bhasker Rao and his family in 1855, stating, as a reason, that he had attempted to bribe Mr. Davis. This charge, however, was not proved. In the same year, the Kharbaris, who aspired to the Dewanship, finding that the British Government had withdrawn its guarantee, persuaded the Maharajah to stop Mr. Bhasker Rao’s nemnuk. Ganpat Rao Maharajah died in 1856, and was succeeded by the eldest of his surviving brothers, Khande Rao Malarajah It will be seen from the history of Baroda State that no accredited Minister took Mr. Bhasker Rao’s place till the end of Ganpat Rao Maharajah’s reign. In 1857, Ganesh Pant Oze and Govind Rao Rode, who were then Kharbaris, obtained the Sanad of Dewan. After the fall of the latter person, in 1867, Bhau Shinde, a favorite of the Maharajah, was appointed Dewan with the title of Dhurander Nidhi (the Pillar of the State). Khande Rao Maharajah died in 1870, and his brother, Malhar Rao, in default of legitimate sons, succeeded to the throne. He was dethroned on April 19, 1875, and her Highness Jamna Bai, widow of Khande Rao Maharajah, by the permission of the Government of India, adopted His Highness, the present Gaekwar, who was then only thirteen years old, and who was subsequently installed on the Gadi as Sayajee Rao III. Since 1855, Mr. Bhasker Rao has frequently petitioned the Maharajahs of Baroda, but none of them, so far, have paid favorable attention to his complaints. It is to be hoped that the present ruler of Baroda, who is one of the most enlightened princes of India, will inquire into the merits of Mr. Bhasker Rao’s case, as fortunately, despite his advanced age, he is still hale and hearty. He has two sons. The eldest, Joti Rao, is at present studying for the Bar in London, under the auspices of His Highness the Maharajah Sayajee Rao Gaekwar. Mr. Bhaskar Rao is held in high esteem by the officials and Sirdars of Baroda, as well as by the Chandra Seniya Prabhu community all over India. hh es Ry as ama RNS IN SHRIMANT BHASKER RAO VIHAL KHASGIWALE. John Sanders Slater, Esq., Chief Presidency Magistrate. Mr. Slater was born in London on March 21, 1859. He is the second surviving son of Robert Slater, Esquire, of Waverly Swanage, Dorset, for many years manager and general manager of the Union Bank of London, Limited. Mr. Slater was educated at the Royal Naval School, New Cross, and at Trinity Hall, Cambridge, where he took his B. A. degree in 1881. He joined the Inner Temple in October, 1879, and was called to the Bar at that Inn in June 1882. Mr. Slater originally intended to practice, principally, in the Admiralty Court, and in pursuance of that object he read in the chambers of Mr. T. T. Bucknill (now Q. C.), and was enabled by the courtesy of Mr. (afterward Sir William) Pearse, of Messrs. John Elder & Co., the celebrated Clyde ship-builders, to pass a considerable portion of his earlier vacations in practical study of modern ship-building. About a year after being called to the Bar, Mr. Slater joined the Western Circuit, and attended the Assizes on that circuit, as well as the Sessions at Bristol and Dorchester. At the end of 1886, Mr. Slater resolved to go to India, and arrived in Bombay on the eleventh of February, 1887, being admitted to the Bombay Bar a few days later. About a year after his arrival in Bombay he was appointed by the local government, with the leave of the Secretary of State for India, to act as Professor of History and Political Economy at the Elphinstone College, during the absence of Principal Wordsworth on furlough, which appointment he held for about eighteen months, carrying on the practice of his profession at the same time. In December 1889, Mr. Slater was appointed Government Professor in the Government Law School, Bombay, upon the resignation of the late Mr. Kashinath Trimbak Telang, consequent upon his elevation to the Bench of the High Court of Bombay. This appointment Mr. Slater held until April 188g, and it was mainly owing to his exertions on behalf of the students of the Government Law School that the library of that institution, which until then had no fixed habitat, was placed at the disposal of the students. In response to his representations, Government was pleased to hand over to the Law School, for the purposes of a law library and reading-room, a suite of rooms on the ground floor of Elphinstone College, and to sanction the expenditure of over 2000 rupees for the purpose of furnishing the library and an annual grant to provide for a librarian and staff and also for the purchase of new books as required. The students of the Government Law School have now the advantage of the use of a well-appointed and extensive law library to assist them in their studies. In August 1891, Mr. Slater was appointed to act for Mr. C. P. Cooper, then Chief Presidency Magistrate and Revenue Judge, during the absence of the latter on privilege leave. He again acted for the same officer under similar circumstances from April until July 1894, and on Mr. Cooper’s departure on special leave in October 1894, Mr. Slater was again appointed to act for him. On Mr. Cooper’s retirement, Mr. Slater was, on March 28, 1895, confirmed in this appointment, which he has since held. In addition to his duties as Chief Presidency Magistrate and Revenue Judge, Mr. Slater acts also as President of Marine Courts of Enquiry held in the Presidency Town. He is also Judge of the Court of Survey held under the provisions of the Merchant Shipping Act; Chairman of the Committee of Visitors of the Common Gaol and House of Correction: Chairman of the Managing Committees of the Government Workhouses and of the David Sassoon Industrial and Reformatory Institution; one of the Visitors of the Colaba Lunatic Asylum; a Fellow of the University of Bombay, and a Justice of the Peace for the town and Island of Bombay. In October 1892, Mr. Slater married Miss Susie Wyllie Forbes, eldest daughter of Charles W. I. Forbes, Esquire, S. S. C., of Aberfeldy, Perthshire. From August 1889 until January 1896, Mr. Slater held a commission as lieutenant in the Bombay Volunteer Artillery, under the command of Major G. W. Roughton, in which corps he acted as adjutant for about five years. Besides the usual proficiency certificate held by all officers in that corps, Mr. Slater obtained a certificate for proficiency in tactics, after passing the necessary examination at Poona. He resigned his commission in January, 1896, as his duties as Chief Presidency Magistrate rendered him unable to carry on his work as a volunteer officer with the requisite energy and regularity. (208) JOHN SANDERS SLATER, E S 0. The Late Sorabjee Framjee Patell, Esq., J. P. The late Mr. Sorabjee was the second son of the late Mr. Gramjee Nusserwanjee Patell, who was known during his lifetime as the *‘ Nestor of the Parsees.” Mr. Sorabjee was born in Bombay in May, 1826. Having received an English education at a private school, he was employed by his father at an early age in the firm of Messrs. Wallace & Co., and subsequently in that of Messrs. Framjee, Sands & Co. , the former a firm established by his father in 1848, and the latter a partnership started in 1563 by Mr. Framjee for his twosons, Dhunjibhoy and Sorabjee, in conjunction with Mr. John Sands, and in correspondence with the London firm of Messrs. Frith, Sands & Co. Mr. Sorabjee became the sole partner of Messrs. Framjee, Sands & Co., in 1865, and remained so until about two years before his death, when he took his two sons, Bapujee and Cursetjee, into the business. Mr. Sorabjee, was a shrewd business man, and was regarded as an authority on questions affecting the trade and industry of the city. He was a member of the Chamber of Commerce, and in 1873 was elected a member of the Managing Committee of that body. Mr. Sorabjee always took a prominent and active part in civic matters, and the benefit of his long and varied experienee and his advice were frequently sought by public bodies on subjects requiring expert opinion. He was always ready to assist in any public movement, and in whatever he did he doggedly persevered to bring about a satisfactory and beneficial issue. In 1883, when the floods in the Surat and Kaladgi districts were dealing destruction and death amongst the vast populations of those localities, Mr. Sorabjee personally exerted himself to alleviate the distress, collecting large sums of money wherewith he was enabled to relieve thousands of sufferers. The formation of the Ripon Memorial Fund, which amounted to about a lakh of rupees, was also in a great measure due to Mr. Sorabjee’s personal efforts. Mr. Sorabjee was appointed by Government a Port Trustee in 1879, and, as a token of their confidence in him, the Parsee Justices of the Peace unanimously elected him a delegate of the Parsee Chief Matrimonial Court. He was also a trustee of the Sir Jamsetjee Jeejeebhoy Parse Benevolent Institution. On the death of his father, he was appointed a trustee of the Parsee Punchayet Fund, an honor much coveted, and one that is considered the highest dis- tinction that can be conferred upon a member of the Parsee community. He was also a Justice of the Peace. : Mr. Sorabjee was a man of very charitable disposition. Only a few days before his death he had given away Rs. 25,000 in benevolence. His death occurred, at the age of sixty- eight, in July, 1894, after an illness which had extended over some time, and the obituary notices that appeared in the local papers testified in the kindest possible manner to the severe loss the city had sustained by his death. Both Mr. Sorabjee’s sons survive him, and give promise in the conduct of their business of maintaining the high commercial reputation inseparable from the descendants of a father and grandfather of such upright proclivities. TE LATE SorRABJEE FrRAMJEE PATELL, Esq. J. P. The Late Sorabjee Nowroji Cooper, Esq., J: PB, Mr. Sorabjee Nowroji Cooper, who wis born in 1848, after acquiring an elemantary educa- tion at the Elphinstone High School, Bombay, commenced life as a clerk to the Bombay Municipality on fifty rupees a month, and rose in less than ten years to be Chief Accountant to what body. He was cut off in the full bloom of manhood, in 1897, after having spent nearly thirty years of his life in the service of the municipality. He was naturally intelligent, hence his rapid advancement. He was appointed Chief Accountant and Auditor in 1875, but the designation of this post was altered in 1881.to that of Controller of Municipal Accounts. The salary attached to the post was Rs. 1,500 per month, to which was added, in 1896, a special personal allowance of Rs. 250 a month, as an exceptional reward for Mr. Cooper's extra- ordinarily good work. ILatterly he had to deal with figures representing an annual revenue exceeding sixty lakhs of rupees, and he kept the accounts in a manner worthy of an experi- enced and skillful financier. In fact, Mr. Cooper was as much a financier as an accountant. Being naturally a mathematician, he acquired such a mastery of the varied and complex machinery of municipal finance, that he came to be regarded as the one man who knew exactly what the resources of the municipality were, and how they could be improved. It is an open secret that Mr. Cooper managed the selling and purchasing of Government paper so skillfully, and with such accuracy and foresight, that he invariably reaped a profit for the municipality, and left it richer in the end of every one of these transactions. Mr. Snow, the Municipal Commissioner, on being congratulated upon one occasion on the very satisfactory budget which he had presented to the Corporation, openly avowed that the satisfactory state of the finances was mainly due to the insight and ability of the Chief Accountant, Mr. Cooper. So far back as the vear 1866, when the municipality was passing through a financial crisis, the late Major Tucker, Head of the Accounts Department, remarked: ‘Mr. Sorihjee Nowroji Cooper rendered most efficient aid during the time I was engaged in the task of adjusting the confused accounts of the Bombay Municipality, and is justly entitled to share in the credit which has resulted from their satisfactory settlement. He is very hard-working, has excellent abilities, and is a very good accountant. I entertain a very high opinion both of his character and qualifications, and it will always afford me great pleasure to hear of his advancement.” Nor were the municipality themselves wanting in their appreciation of Mr. Cooper’s services, for after he had passed away they bestowed on his family a grant of Rs. 15.000, and the Stand- ing Committee put on record a resolution expressing their sincere and deep sense of the loss which they had sustained by his untimely death. : In private life, Mr. Cooper was open and straight forward in all his dealings, being actuated by the purest and most honest of motives. He was unassuming in his manner and of a somewhat retiring disposition. He spent large sums in charity, without publishing the fact, and was looked up to by the poor as a kind and benevolent patron. Though leading a quiet unobstrusive life. he was a useful member of society and did much good in his own limited sphere. He was a member of the Managing Committee of the Parsee Death Benefit Fund, and as such rendered useful services to the community. As a high Mason, Mr. Cooper was held in great esteem by the brethren of the craft. He was initiated in the Lodge ‘“ Eastern Star’ in December, 1869, became a Master Mason in 1870, and Worshipful Master in 1875. When vacating the latter office he was presented with a beautiful cup and plate, with suitable inscriptions. as tokens of the esteem in which he was held by the Brethren. He rose to be Steward in 1873, Grand Director of Ceremonies in 1876, and District Grand Treasurer in 1877-79. He was appointed District Junior Grand Warden in 1880, and was installed Master of Lodge ‘‘ Hiram * in 1883. He became a Royal Arch Mason, and at the time of his death he was District Principal Grand Sojourner of Bombay, and a life- Governor of the Bombay Masonic Association. THE LATE SORABJEE Nowrojr COOPER, Eso., J. P. (210) The Late Hon. Mr. Sorabjee Shapurjee Bengalee, C. I. E. The late Mr. Sorabjee Shapurjee Bengalee has been publicly described as ‘‘ a journalist, an author, a friend of education, a social reformer, an adviser in politics, a pioneer of female medical aid, and a friend of thelaboring classes.”’ Mr. Sorabjee’s father and his grandfather were both Calcutta merchants, but he himself was born in Bombay in 1831. His father died when he was but a twelvemonth old, and his bringing up devolved entirely upon his mother. At six he was sent to a vernacular school, subsequently attending a private school, and event- nally joining the Elphinstone High School (as it is now called). One of his tutors in this school was Mr. Naoroji Furdunji, a gentleman with whom in after years he became closely associated in public matters. At fifteen years of age young Soraljee entered the office of Mr. Turner, agent in Bombay to the Bank of Ceylon, and when that gentleman joined the Com- mercial Bank of Bombay on its establishment in 1845, Sorabjee accepted a situation under him on twenty rupees a month. Here he stayed until 1853, when he transferred his services to the Mercantile Bank on the establishment of that institution, and in less than two vears had risen to the position of Deputy Accountant, a post that until then had been held by Europeans only. In 1858 he became assistant to Mr. Muncherjee Framjee Cama, banker and guarantee agent to Messrs. W. & A. Graham & Co., and on Mr. Cama’s retirement from business, Mr, Sorabjee joined Mr. Vurjivandas Madhavdas under the style of Vurjivandas Madhavdas & Co. Mr. Sorabjee, who had for long possessed literary tastes, commenced to write for Guzrati newspapers. He then started a Guzrati monthly of his own, called the ‘‘ Jagat Mitra,’ and fora short time he edited the “Samachar.” Subsequently, in 1851, he established another periodical called the * Jagat Premi,”’ and this paper brought him into greater prominence as a publicist. He won the prize of Rs. 500 offered by the trustees of the Sir Jamsetjee Jeejeebhoy Translation Fund for the best essay on ‘‘ Books and Languages of the Religion of Zoroaster,” his essay, afterwards published ir the form of a booklet, creating a great public demand. Mr. Sorabjee was one of the originators of the ‘‘Rast Goftar,”’ and he edited this paper for two years. In 1863 Mr. Sorabjee visited Europe, and he used the information he gained during his travels in various countries in advocating in his paper the local development of industries in India. Amongst the many benefits Mr. Sorabjee (better known publicly as Mr. Bengalee), personally assisted in conferring upon the public of Bombay were the advancement of educa- tion, reform in social customs amongst the natives, the propagation of literary pursuits, the furthering of industrial resources, the distribution of medical aid by the introduction of European women doctors, etc. In 1864 Mr. Sorabjee was made a Justice of the Peace. The new Bombay Municipal Constitution of 1872 was framed almost entirely upon suggestions made by him, and he himself became a member of the corporation. He generally favored direct taxation, e. g., house tax as against town duties; and he frequently opposed the octroi duties being transformed into transit duties. Mr. Sorabjee was nominated a member of the Bombay Legislative Council in 1876, and as councillor he labored hard in the interests of children employed in the cotton mills, and in other philanthropic directions. The shrievalty of Bombay was conferred upon the Hon. Mr. Sorabjee in 1881, and he was at the same time made a Companion of the Indian Empire. He was a trustee of the Elphin- stone Education Funds, a delegate of the Parsee Chief Matrimonial Court, and a Fellow of the Bombay Universijy. The Hon. Mr. Sorabjee died in 1893, and, as a mark of the deep respect in which his memory is held in Bombay, a handsome marble statue was erected near the Cooperage in January, 1900, the ceremony of unveiling—which was performed by his Excellency the Gov- vernor, Lord Sandhurst, on the sixteenth of that month — being attended by a very large and representative gathering of sympathetic citizens. (211) THE LATE HoN. MR. SORABJEE SHAPURJEE BENGALEE, C. I. E. oo Frederick William Stevens, Esq., C. LL. E., F.R. L B.A. M.S. A. AM LCE. Mr. Frederick William Stevens, the eminent architect of Bombay, was born on the eleventh of May, 1847. When a boy of only twelve years of age he showed great aptitude for architecture and engineering. He was educated at King Edward VI.’s Grammar School and the Competitive College, Bath. At the age of seventeen, Mr. Stevens won in competition from the Science and Art Department, London, two medals for architectural and engineering designs and subsequently won a first class silver medal and two first-class gold medals in the Bombay Exhibitions of 1872 and 1879. He was articled to Mr. Charles Edward Davis, F. S. A., etc., architect and civil engineer, the well-known city architect of Bath, and remained with him, as his assistant, until he passed a competitive examination at the India office, London, in July 1867, for an appointment in the India Public Works Department, in which depart- ment he distinguished himself considerably. He retired from Government service under special pension rules in 1879, and joined the staff of the Great Indian Peninsular Railway Company. The following are among the principal public works designed and carried out under Mr. Stevens’ personal supervision: The Bombay Royal Alfred Sailors’ Home, said to be one of the largest in the world; the Bombay Government Post Office; the Great Indian Peninsular Railway Victoria Terminus Buildings: this work is the most extensive in existence and the design was exhibited in the Royal Academy, London, in 1881; the new Bombay Municipal Buildings, the largest yet erected in the East; the Bombay, Baroda and Central India Railway Administrative Offices, and the Standard Life Assurance Buildings, Calcutta. Besides the above, Mr. Stevens designed the proposed Bombay Exhibition Buildings in 1869 and those for 1886, in conjunction with Mr. John Griffiths, the well-known principal of the Bombay School of Art; the buildings in connection with the New Water Works at Agra and Benares now completed; the Public Offices—now under construction—and Markets at Patan for His Highness the Gaikwar of Baroda; the Public Hall and Free Library in connection with the Municipal Buildings; the Church Missionary Society’s Schools and Residences, Bombay; a mansion, at Poona, for Mr. Narayanji Dwarkadas, and many other works. He also executed drainage works, water supply, sea-walls, roads and reclamations and had charge of the maintenance of such works and Government buildings when Executive Engineer, Presidency Division. Mr. Stevens was specially selected by the Great Indian Peninsular Railway Company from the Public Works Department, with the approval of Government, as a salaried officer, to design and carry out their Bombay Terminal Works—they having failed to obtain suitable designs from England. The work extended over ten years and on its completion the directors cf the company, with the approval of the Government of India, presented him with a bonus of Rs. 5,000, in appreciation of the eminent services rendered by him. The designs for the Bombay Municipal Buildings were thrown open to public competition and prizes were awarded, but as none of the designs were deemed suitable Mr. Stevens was invited to submit one, which he did, and it was approved by the Corporation and carried out and completed in July, 1893. The Bombay, Baroda & Central Indian Railway Company also commissioned Mr. Stevens to design and superintend the erection of their large offices they also having failed to obtain suitable designs from England. Mr. Stevens commenced private practice in July 1888, and is still pursuing his profession in Bombay and will, no doubt, leave many more monuments to mark British enterprise in the India Empire, as he is still, comparatively speaking, a young man. Mr. Stevens is frequently employed by Government, municipalities, com- panies, etc., as an arbitrator and valuer of properties, and as an expert in the law courts. He is a justice of the peace for Bombay; a Fellow of the University; an examiner for the degree of civil engineering, and a Government examiner at the annual school of art examina- tions. Mr. Stevens had the order of the Indian Empire conferred on him in January, 1889, by Her Majesty the Queen Empress, for distinguished services rendered in connection with the public buildings of Bombay. He was elected a Fellow of the Royal Institute of British Architects in April, 1883; an associate member of the Institute of Civil Engineers in December, 1871, and a member of the Society of Architects in November, 1891. (212) FREDERICK WW. STEVENS, Eso.,C. 1. E.. F. R. 1..B. A, MS A A MI1.CE (Ere) THE LATE TALARKCHAND MANEKCHAND, Eso., J. P. The Late Talakchand Manekchand, Esq., J. P. The late Mr. Talakchand Manekchand was one of Bombay's well-known and wealthy brokers. He was a native of Surat, having been born there on the twelfth of May, 1843. His ancestors were bankers in Surat at the time of the Dutch settlement. Young Talakchand went to Bombay very early in life in order to earn his livelihood, and by dint of inherent ability, persever- ance and tact, he soon made his way in commercial circles, amassing as he went along both friends and fortune. To this end he was materially assisted by his very shrewd partner, Mr. Shapurji B. Barucha, and at the time of Mr. Talakchand’s death—which occurred from that direful epidemic, Plague, at his bungalow at Chowpatty Bombay, on the twelfth of February, 1897—no firm of brokers were better known or more highly respected than Messrs. Talakchand and Shapurjis. This firm has large business relations with all the leading local and exchange banks, mill-owners, cotton and opium merchants, and other mercantile dealers in Bombay and the East. Although Mr. Talakchand had himself acquired but a comparatively poor English educa- tion in his younger days, he became nevertheless a staunch advocate of progressive education for the native youth of the country, and was particularly warm in his efforts to promote female education, helping in the establishment of sch ols, libraries, scholarships and other incentives to moral advancement with both his influence and his purse. Mr. Talakchand has been described as a ‘‘ Jain of the Jains.’ In religious matters he was exceedingly zealous, and always took a leading part in movements organized for the welfare and advancement of his co-religionists. He was one of the prime movers in the establishment of the Jain Association and Jain Punchayet Fund, and was one of the most prominent and influential members. He was also the Chairman of the Jain Association. His community will ever remember the share he took in memorializing the local and the Supreme Governments regarding the action of the Palitana Durbar in connection with the Jain temples at Satrunja Hill, situated in Palitana, and said to be the richest and costliest Jain temples in India. The successful manner in which he used his influence in securing a fair consideration of the grievances of the worshipers was met by the community with the greatest appreciation and gratitude. Mr. Talakchand was of a quiet but genial temperament. He was humane to his fellow beings and the brute creation alike. As a philanthropist, his many charities, although unos- tentatiously given, will long stand as memorials to his kindness and generosity, chiefly by young Jain students; and as a lover of dumb animals his advice and pecuniary assistance in furthering the objects of the Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals, and in assisting in the promotion of the Bai Sakerbai Dinshaw Petit Hospital for Animals, evidenced his humane tendencies. As one of the oldest brokers of Bombay, Mr. Talakchand was much respected by both his contemporaries and the younger members of the fraternity. He was for long a member of the Committee of the Brokers’ Association, and in respect to his memory the Share Bazaar and the Exchange banks were closed for business on the afternoon of his death. Mr. Talakchand was a Justice of the Peace, an honor bestowed upon him some years before his death. (214 The Late Shett Tapidas Varajdas, J. P. Shett Tapidas Varajdas was born in Surat in the year 1826. His father, Varajdas, was a poor and highly respectable man who earned his livelihood by service. He was, by caste, a Dasa Ghogha Alimedabadi Mod Vania. Finding his post in Surat unremunerative, he took service as a mehta (writer ) under Shett Jeejeebhoy Dadabhoy of Bombay. Shett Tapidas com- menced his educational career in Bhoja Mehta’s Vernacular School in Surat and, on reaching the age of thirteen went, with his father, to Bombay, where he entered the shop of Hempchand Motichand, to learn the principles of vernacular bookkeeping, and was subsequently employed as a clerk under his father in the office of Shett Jeejeebhai Dadabhai. In consideration of the long and faithful service rendered, his father was permitted to retire, after installing his. son, Tapidas, in the vacant post. By this time Shett Tapidas had acquired considerable mercantile experience, and, by his intelligence, suavity of manner and genial bearing, had so ingratiated himself with his employers that Shett Jeejeebhoy Dadabhai’s son, Shett Byramjee Jeejeebhoy, C. S. L., treated him as a friend and confidential adviser. After twelve years in this employ, and having acquired a large fortune, thanks to the assistance of his employers, he resigned the service in 1865. He then engaged in business as a broker to the firm of Messrs. Cornforth & Co., and, on their failure he became broker to Messrs. Stevens Brothers, and subsequently to Messrs. Martin Young & Co. ; where, owing to his tact and diligence, he was eminently successful. He subsequently undertook the management of the Alliance Mill Company, which he conducted to the entire satisfaction of the shareholders. He likewise extended his business to certain up-country stations. Providence had blessed him with good common sense and sterling honesty, and he so managed his business that it assumed considerable dimensions within a very short time. Though residing in Bombay, he continued to take a lively interest in the welfare of his native city, Surat. He purchased a piece of vacant land in the neigh- borhood of his house in Surat, and caused to be erected a temple of beautifully cut stone, at a cost of about 80,000 rupees, in which the idol of Vithalnathjee was installed with great pomp and eclat on Magsur Sood 12, Samvat 1930 (December 1, 1873). The spare land has been laid out with a beautiful garden. With a keen regard for the comfort of the hundreds who visit Foolpada daily, Mr. Tapidas devised a scheme which must ever bear testimony to his benevolence, a subscription list was opened which he headed with the liberal sum of 2000 rupees. Other subscriptions following, a model Dharamsala was constructed at Foll- pada, though unfortunately after the death of the gentleman to whom it owes its origin. Shett Tapidas took a prominent part in encouraging new industries and was one of the first to introduce in India the manufacture of silk. At the outset the venture was not remuner- ative, owing to the fact that the well-known firm of Messrs. David Sassoon & Co. had already entered into the same business. Eventually the two concerns were amalgamated with a result most profitable to the shareholders. Mr. Tapidas was a trustee of the Hindu Charity Fund at Surat, which he administered with commendable zeal and ability. About six months before his death he started a movement, having for its object the establishment of a Polytechnic Institution in Surat. The details of the scheme were entrusted to Mr. Tribho- vandas Kaliandas Gujjar, M. A., B. S. C., but before they could be completed the benevolent originator died and the scheme came to naught. Shett Tapidas was a trustee of several charitable funds in Bombay, which he supervised and managed with commendable interest, and received the blessings of thousands who reaped the benefit of his wise and benevolent administration. As director of several mills and insurance companies in Bombay, Mr. Tapidas’ strict honesty and business ability won for him the esteem and regard of the entire European and native trading community of the town, and the good work done by him will long be remembered. Shett Tapidas had an office of his own in Bombay, as well as agencies in various parts of India, and carried on an extensive trade with England and the Continent. It is a matter for regret that reliable information cannot be traced in reference to his extensive private charities. It may be said, however, that by his timely aid many worthy and respectable persons who through misfortune had become poor, were able to throw off the load of poverty and reinstate themselves financially. Mr. Tapidas was a Justice of the Peace for the town and island of Bombay. the closing moments of his life he made a donation of 4,000 rupees, the interest of which ) goes toward the maintenance of the Vidya Laxshmi Sanskrit Padshalla. Independently of During (215) P. . J HETT TAPIDAS VARAJAS, ATE S EL TH this, 45,000 rupees was set apart, out of his estate, for the establishment of a boarding house “for poor Hindus, and the construction of sweet-water wells wherever they are needed. Shett Tapidas expired on the thirty-first of May, 1886, and his funeral was attended by his rela- tives, friends and admirers, as well as the operatives of the Alliance Mill Company and the Colaba Land Company, who mustered in great numbers to pay the last tribute of respect to their departed director. The Oothumna, or third day ceremony, was remarkable for the assembly of Europeans, Mahomedans, Parsis and Hindoos who assembled to show their respect and regard for the deceased. In order to commemorate the memory of their worthy father, his sons, Damoderdas and Dayabhai, gave the sum of 5,000 rupees for the establish- ment of a laboratory in connection with the Surat High School. The shareholders of the Alliance Mill Company set apart a sum of 5,000 rupees to be applied in such a manner as they may deem proper for the purpose of perpetuating the memory of Shett Tapidas. Of his numerous acts of charity and munificence the most noteworthy is the maintaining of a duly qualified Brahmin, who is employed to preach daily on the Bhagvata to those who visit the Vithalnajnee temple for purpose of worship. In order to commemorate the memory of his revered father, Shett Tapidas donated a large sum of money for the construction of a hall within the precincts of the temple. The Temple of Vithalnathjee and the hall adjoining, other- wise called Vithal Vadi, have proved of the greatest service to strangers visiting the city for the purpose of marriage, etc. A fair is held annually on Magsur Sood 12, on which occasions the premises are beautifully illuminated and thousands of persons of both sexes resort thereto for purposes of worship. The Temple of Vithalnathjee was endowed under a trust, and 30,000 rupees was set apart which, with the accumulated interest, now amounts to nearly two lacs of rupees. The reason of this great increase is that the expenses connected with the temple were defrayed by Shett Tapidas and his brother, Toolsidas, and, after the death of the latter, by the former alone. A condition attached to the trust is, that should the accumulated interest of the endowment exceed a certain sum, such surplus is to be appropriated toward the founding of a school in Surat, to bear the name of Shett Tapidas and his deceased brother Toolsidas. A sum of 1,200 rupees was given by Shett Tapidas toward founding a scholarship in the Surat High School, to be called after his brother. The school fees and cost of school books for native boys in indigent circumstances were among the items embraced in Shett’s numerous public and private charities. During the heavy floods of Samvat, 1832, at Ahmedabad, Mr. Tapidas started a subscription list among his friends, to which he himself contributed a large sum. During the unprecedented floods of 1883, at Surat, he likewise contributed a sum of 2,500 rupees and induced his Parsi and other friends to follow suit, and he distributed a large sum of money both himself and through his agents and friends among the unfortunate sufferers. He further contributed the liberal sum of 15,000 rupees to establish a dharamsala at the Sanitarium of Vaux’s Tomb, to which large numbers of people from various parts of Gujarat annually repair for the benefit of their health. Mr. Dayabhai Tapidas, the eldest son of the deceased Shett Tapidas Varajdas, gives every promise of following in the footsteps of his worthy and charitable father. (216) The Late Tookeram Tatya, Esq., J. P. R. TOOKERAM TATYA belonged to a sub-section of the Shudra caste of Hindus. His parents came from the district of Ratnagiri, and he himself was born in Bombay in 1836. He lost both his parents before he was eleven years old, and was adopted when thirteen by his cousin’swife. He was taught in the vernacular at a mission school, and after- wards joined an English preparatory school. Mr. Tookeram commenced life as a clerk to the Bombay Municipal Council, but as he could not suffer the confinement and submission to authority, he left that service and joined the late Mr. Shantaram Narayan, a pleader of the High Court, the late Mr. Liladhar Odhavjee, and Mr. Esoof Ali, in partnership, under the style of S. Narayan & Co., a firm still existing, well-known and flourishing. The late Mr. Tookeram however, was perhaps better known amongst his own community, and Natives generally, as a The- osophist and a homceopathic practitioner. In the first-men- tioned capacity he was of great service to the adherents to that belief, both with his purse and with his advice. Generally speaking, too, he was of a char- itable disposition and gave pecuniary assistance to very many who privately sought his aid. As a dispenser of medical aid, he was well known through his dispensary at Cowasjee Patel Street, Fort, Bombay, which he had himself established for the free distribution of medicines, and also his dispensary at Kalbadevi Road, which he maintained mostly for the use of poor Hindus and Parsees. Although not medically educated, he had acquired a certain knowledge of drugs from constant study, and this, together with long practice, enabled him to assist his poorer countrymen with homeeopathic advice and medicine. Mr. Tookeram established a printing press of his own, which he called the 7afaz Vireye- chat, and which is conducted by his elder son, the profits going towards the maintenance of the two dispensaries. His second son is engaged in the mercantile firm mentioned. Mr. Tookeram was inherently of an enterprising disposition, and was usually successful in his undertakings. His life and actions as a Theosophist have been very fully recorded in the various journals con- ducted in the interests of that religion, and his deeds as a philanthrophist are generally known. For some time Mr. Tookeram was a member of the Bandora Municipality. Mr. Tookeram died on the third of June, 1898, at his residence at Bandora, from-a compli- cation of diabetes and other ailments. He was sixty-seven years of age, and left two sons and three daughters, two of the latter being widows. At his death, obituary notices appeared in many of thelocal papers, both European and Native, all highly eulogistic of his life’s work. THE LATE TOOKERAM TArva, Eso. J. P. (217) ProrEssor T. K. GAJJAR, M. A., B. Sc. ¢ Professor T. K. Gajjar, M. A., B. Sc. Professor Tribhuvandas Kalyandas Gajjar, who belongs to the artisan class (Vaishya Suthar), comes of a highly esteemed and enlightened Surat family. His grand-uncle, Atmaram Gajjar, was a learned and skillful architect who left the mark of his style on the buildings of Surat, and Professor Gajjar’s father, Kalyanbhai Gajjar, who has now retired from active life, considerably increased the reputation of the family. Some of the finest buildings in the fashionable quarters of Surat were designed by Kalyanbhai and executed under his directions. Tribhuvandas is the third son of Kalyanbhai. He was born at Surat in August, 1863. After passing his Matriculation Examination he joined the Elphinstone College in January, 1880. At the examination for the B. Sc. degree, he took a first-class with Chemistry as one of his special subjects, and subsequently he took both the B. A. and the M. A. degrees. He also attended the Medical College for two years. After having worked as Junior and Senior Fellow at the Elphinstone College, he was in 1885 appointed Professor of Chemistry at the Baroda College. He found, in the enlightened Maharaja Gaekwar, a very sympathetic master, who encouraged and carried out his projects for giving industrial and technical education. The professor drew up a comprehensive scheme of National education about which Sir Reymond West, then Vice- Chancellor of the Bombay University, said: ‘‘ I have not yet had the pleasure of reading any- thing on the subject, within the same compass, more sound, suggestive and symmetrical. If you ever induce His Highness the Gaekwar to accept your principles and to get them worked out on an adequate scale by men of strong character as well as large attainments, you may confer inestimable blessing on your countrymen, and make Baroda the intellectual centre of India.” The Gaekwar adopted a portion of these suggestions and started a polytechnic institute, called the Kala-Bhavan, which, under the energetic and able organization of the professor, became a great success. Instruction was given in art, architecture, mechanical technology, chemical technology, agriculture and pedagogy. In connection with the Kala-Bhavan, where instruc- tion was given in the vernaculars, Professor Gajjar worked out a scheme for providing scientific and technical works in Gujarati and Marathi, and several volumes have been published in what is called the Sayaji Dnyan-Manjusha series. Mr. Chatfield, then Director of Public Instruc- tion, in a minute addressed to the Bombay Government said: ‘‘ The Baroda technical schools promise to solve the question of industrial education for the country.”” Mr. Alfred Webb, the President of the Tenth Indian National Congress, said in his farewell address at Bombay: “ Scarcely anything gave me greater pleasure in India than a visit I paid a few days ago to the admirable technical schools at Baroda. We have nothing at all equal to them in Ireland. They are thoroughly practical in their conception and scope.” In 1896 Professor Gajjar left Baroda for Bombay. He joined the Wilson College as Professor of Chemistry, and his advice is often sought by the various mills and other concerns in Bombay. In 1896 the magnificent marble statue of Her Majesty the Queen-Empress on the Esplanade, in Bombay, was blackened with tar by some miscreant, and all the efforts of Government and private experts, both European and Native, failed to remove the stains. The authorities, in sheer helplessness and desperation, therefore proposed in 1898 to remove the head of the statue and substitute a new one. This proposal, by the bye, was not favorably received by the Nativé population. Pro- fessor Gajjar was asked by some of his friends to try his chemical skill in removing the stains. He offered to try, but the Municipality and Government doubted his ability to succeed, when the Government Chemical Analyzer and other experts had failed. They ultimately, however, accepted his offer, and after persistent efforts the apparently indelible stains were removed by the young Indian professor, to the great surprise of everybody, and the statue now stands restored to its original beauty. Professor Gajjar is a Fellow of the Bombay University. Heis much respected in Bombay and elsewhere, on account of his undoubted abilities, his industry and his force of character. The Late Trimbak Vaidya, Esq., alias ‘ Brahmanand Swami.” Mr. Trimbak Vaidya Lavgankar, more popularly known as Trimbakbhattaji Vaidya, was born in 1802, in the village of Vaidya Lavgan in the Ratnagiri District. His grandfather, Sadashivbhattaji, was a physician of high repute in the time of the Peshwas. While Trimbak- bhattaji was yet a child his father died, and his family suffered heavily from a series of dacoities which took place in the village, and at the tender age of eleven he was obliged to leave his home in search of a livelihood. Having obtained a fair knowledge of Sanskrit, he went in his sixteenth year to Nasik for the purpose of studying medicine. He apprenticed himself to Prabhakar Bhau Pange, a well-known Native zaidya of Nasik. Young Trimbak contrived to live on the best of terms with his gwrz for three years. About this time, a wealthy banker of Bombay went to Nasik to consult Prabhakar Bhau for a certain so-called incurable ailment, and in the eccentricity of his character, the gurz determined to let his pupil treat the patient. To the astonishment of every one, the banker recovered, and from this time Prabhakar Bhau seriously applied himself to the task of imparting instruction to his zealous and devoted pupil Trimbak, who had an eager desire for knowledge. The new zazdya then began to treat patients independently of his g#7#, who naturally came to entertain a very high opinion of his abilities. One afternoon, as Prabhakar Bhan returned home, true to his eccen- tric nature and without any apparent cause, he ordered Trimbak to prepare for his immediate departure from the house. The latter thereupon took his little wallet, and laid his head on his guru's feet. Prabhakar Bhau placed his own turban on young Trimbak’s head, and throwing his dkofar on his pupil's shoulders, he said, ‘‘ May you never want for food and clothing in your whole lifetime !’’ (This turban and dhotar are still preserved in the family.) With this blessing of his gw7# Trimbak left Nasik, and went to Panwel in the Kolaba district. At this time he was twenty-two. Two years later he removed to Bombay, where within a few months he had for treatment a person suffering from a peculiar tumor. The case had been given up as hopeless by the doctors and Native physicians of the day, but Trimbak succeeded in curing the patient by performing a skilfull operation. This fact became widely known and tended to establish his reputation. He continued his practice in Bombay with success for nearly seventy years, when he retired in favor of the younger of his two sons, Ganpatrao, to pass the remainder of his days in the peaceful performance of spiritual and religious duties. Two years later he became a Sanyas? or ascetic, under the name of ‘ Brahm- anand Swami ’—that goal of a pious Hindu’s ambition which is pointed to by the Shastras as being a fitting termination to a long life of strict duty, purity, and simplicity. On the twenty- fifth of January, 1897, he calmly passed away conscious of his approaching end to the last. His remains were interred at Narangi, in the Kolaba district, where a samadhi was erected in his honor. Trimbakbhattaji Vaidya was essentially a self-made man. He was well known for his sternness of purpose and assiduity. He despised idleness and show, and was always to be found employed in the duties of his profession, in daily religious observances, or in some use- ful domestic occupation. Though a devout Hindu of the old or orthodox school, his views on Western surgical art, early marriages and other subjects, unlike those of other Vaidyas, were liberal and far advanced. He stood at the head of Vaidyas in Bombay, and was held in high esteem for his ability and varied experience, extending over nearly three-quarters of a century. Trimbakbhattaji left two sons. The elder, Narayan, is a Justice of the Peace, and has had the personal distinction of ‘‘ Rao Bahadur” conferred upon him by Government; while the younger, Ganpatrao, is following his father’s profession. Rao Bahadur Narayan Trimbak Vaidya, J. P. HE late Mr. Trimbak Vaidya’s eldest son, Narayan, was born in January, 1856 ,and was educated at the Elphinstone High School and the Wilson College. After passing the Matriculation exami- nation it was his intention to join the Medical College and pre- pare himself for the profession followed by his forefathers, but his father objected. In 1877 his father became so seriously ill that the management of the property devolved upon him, and he was consequently obliged to leave College. Soon afterwards, however, he entered Government service, where he still is, having the superin- tendence of the Secretariat Press. Mr. Narayan enjoyed the unique distinction of having had three honors conferred upon him by Government in one year, viz., the titles of Rao Saheb, Rao Bahadur, and Justice of the Peace for the Town and Island of Bombay. These distinctions were conferred upon him x recognition of his indefatigable and valuable services in connection with the Plague opera- tions. Besides the assistance he rendered generally to the authorities, he was one of the chief promoters of the Hindu Plague Hospital, and worked in that direction with Dr. (now Sir) Bhalchandra Krishna to the appreciable benefit of both the people and the Government. The Rao Bahadur has always held a reputation for deep loyalty, practical public-mindedness and generosity. As early as 1878 he was associated with the late Mr. V. N. Mandlik in charit- able and religious movements, and has ever since been a prominent benefactor when appeals for pecuniary assistance have been made. Privately, his purse is generally open to the needy. In brief, the Rao Bahadur may be described as one of Bombay's most popular Hindus. Ture Late Hox TriMBAK VAIDYA, J. P. (219) BAHADUR NARAYAN TRIMBAK VAIDYA, J. P. Dr. Edward J. G. F. Underwood, M. A.,, M. D., Ph. D,, J. P. Dr. Edward John George Freeman Underwood is the second son of Surgeon-Captain J. H. Underwood, I. M. D. He was born at Poona in 1856, and was educated in the Scottish Education Society's School, Bombay. Mr. James MacDonald, the Principal, always referred ta him as a boy gifted with exceptional abilities and a wonderful amount of perseverance. On leaving school in 1873 young Underwood decided to adopt medicine as a profession. He showed special aptitude for study, so much so that he passed the final examination at the Grant Medical College, thus qualifying himself to practice as Physician and Surgeon, in November, 1878. Having a few years later granted a certificate to a man whom he had vaccinated, the question was raised as to the legality of his action, as all the public vaccinators were men appointed by Government. The reference, however, resulted in his favor, for Government by a special resolution, dated October 2, 1882, granted him a special license to vaccinate and grant certificates. Dr. Underwood went to Europe to study, and his close application was crowned with success, for he took the Bachelor of Arts degree in February, 1887, and in the following month he qualified for the degree of M. D. In June of the same year he was elected a Fellow of the British Gynaecological Society. On the twelfth of October following his name was added to the list of Fellows of the Royal Microscopical Society, and on the thirty-first of the same month he was appointed a Fellow of the Medical and Clinical Society of London. He continued his career of study, and in 1891 he qualified for the degree of M. A., while still carrying on his professional work. He followed up this achievement by becoming entitled to attach Ph. D. to hisname. He then returned to India and settled down in practice in Bombay. Dr. Underwood’s diagnoses in the most complicated cases, and his therapeutic knowl- edge, soon brought him prominently to the notice of the public, and as a consequence he established a thriving practice. He is a specialist of more than local repute. He is a specialist in ear, throat, and nose diseases, and, when it is recorded that he studied this branch of medical science under such world-famed specialists as the late Sir Morel McKenzie and Dr. Adam Poletzer, Imperial Royal Professor of the Ear to the University of Vienna, little remains to be said on the subject. As a gynecologist Dr. Underwood is well known. He studied under Pro- fessor Carl Rudolf Brawn von Fernwald, late Professor and Director of the Clinique of the University College of Vienna, and Dr. Fancourt Barnes, M. D., F.R. S. E., of St. Thomas’ Hospital, London. Dr. Underwood is linguist, and a Greek scholar, and he has the distinc- tion of being a member of the Oriental Society of America. Dr. Underwood takes a keen interest in the civic administration of Bombay, and for seventeen years, except when he has been out of Bombay, he has been a Corporator of the Bombay Municipality, having been first elected in 1883. He was appointed a Justice of the Peace for the Town and Island of Bombay by Government on the seventeenth of March, 1893. Dr. Underwood married in Bombay in 1887, but was soon afterwards left a widower with one child, a daughter. (220) il wi A Dr. EpwarDp J. G. UNDERWOOD, M. A., M. D. THE HON. MR. VIJBHUCANDAS ATMARAM, J. P. (221) The Hon. Mr. Vijbhucandas Atmaram, J. P. The Hon. Mr. Vijbhucandas Atmaram, who belongs to the Surat Modli Bania caste, was born at Bombay, in January, 1840. His parents were comparatively poor, but the family were highly respected by all classes. Mr. Vijbhucandas studied at the Elphinstone Institute, Bombay, but circumstances compelled him, at the somewhat early age of eighteen, to relinquish his studies and commence commercial life. He joined the well-known firm of Dossabhoy, Merwanjee & Co. as a clerk, and served them for more than eight years, during which period he more than satisfied them. He commenced on a monthly salary of fifteen rupees, but before he left the firm his salary and commission amounted to Rs. 8,000 a year. For a few years after the commercial crisis of 1863, Mr. Vijbhucandas carried on business in partnership with the firm of Morarji Cursondas, as guarantee brokers to Messrs. A. J. Kinloch & Co. Subsequently he started business on his own account with Mr. Narandas Purshotamdas, and he acted for a time as guarantee broker to Messrs. W. M. Macauley & Co., and later on to Messrs. J. C. Bushby & Co. After a few years Mr. Rajaram Govindram was admitted as a partner, and the firm has since been known as Narandas, Rajaram & Co. This firm—of which Mr. Vijbhucandas is the senior partner—do business in cotton, wheat and seed, and have branches in the Northwestern and Cental Provinces. Mr. Vijbhucandas was one of the Honorary Joint Secretaries of the Ilkal Famine Relief Fund. He was deputed by the Committee that was appointed in Bombay for the relief of suffering people in Ahmedabad to distribute the funds amongst those who had been ruined by the floods in that city in 1875. He worked as a volunteer during the first year of the plague in Bombay (1897), and for the following two years was the Chairman of the Committee of the Mughbhat and Kumbharwada Plague Volunteers. He assisted materially in the establishment of the Hindu Fever Hospital, as well as a separate plague hospital for his own caste-men. Mr. Vijbhucandas was made a Justice of the Peace in 1882. Since 1891 he has been on the Board of Trustees of the Port of Bombay. During the Hindu-Mahomedan riots of 1893 he was appointed by Government a member of the Committee formed to consider the question of the increase of the Bombay Police Force. In 1898 he was summoned to give evidence before the Indian Famine Commission. On February oth of the same year he was appointed by Government an Additional Member of the Local Legislative Council for making Laws and Regulations. As a leading Native merchant and a Port Trustee he gave evidence before the Railway Commission appointed in 1899 by the Supreme Government to inquire into the details of the proposed Port Trust Railway. He is a director of several mills, presses and manu- facturing companies, and is connected with various charitable iustitutions. Mr. Vijbhucandas disapproves of early marriage, and is a staunch advocate of intermarriage between the several sections of his community. It will thus be seen thot Mr. Vijbhucandas is a busy and useful man in the community. Rao Bahadur Vishnu Moreshwar Bhide. The subject of this memoir belongs to a clan of Brahmans inhabiting the Southern Konkan, who commonly call themselves Konkanasts. His ancestors lived in the village of Pulyacha Ganpati, in the district of Ratnagiri. Sadashivpant, his grandfather, migrated to the Deccan with the idea of permanently settling there, and Mr. Bhide himself was born at Poona in February, 1827. His paternal grandfather died before his birth, and his maternal grandfather removed him to the sacred town of Wai. It is said that young Bhide was not, at first, a very promising lad at school. He headed a party of youngsters who gloried in gaining momentary victories on the banks of the Krishna. He, however, like many another rollicking school boy, became in time the best student in the school, on account of which he was appointed a pupil teacher, and, after serving in that capacity for about a year, he was recom- mended for a vacant teachership in the Sappers and Miners’ Regimental English School at Poona, on a salary of thirty rupees a month. While teaching at this school an incident occurred which is worth recording. Under the Peshwa’s government about four lakhs of rupees were annually spent in alms and in rewarding Brahmans learned in the Shastras. After the fall of that government the British authorities discontinued these payments, but they set apart a sum of fifty thousand rupees annually for rewarding Brahmans who had to earn their dakshana by passing an examination in the Shastras and for establishing a Sanskrit college at Poona. They ruled that students who passed examinations in the Shastras should also be given a dakshana. About 1850 the late Messrs. Gopalrao Hari, Bapu Ravji Mande, Rangrav Bhimaji and Mr. Bhide submitted a petition to Government pointing out that the distribution of the dakshana and the maintenance of the Poona Sanskrit College were not likely to contribute to the mental, moral and material prosperity of the country, and that if a portion of the fund were set apart for preparing translations of approved works in English Literature, Science and Art, the cause of education would be advanced and the country thereby benefited. The news of the submission of this petition spread throughout the city of Poona, and the Shastris and students of the Sanskrit College and other orthodox persons were quickly arrayed against this small band of educated men. Under pressure brought to bear upon the petitioners, however, they promised in writing that they would ask Government to allow them to withdraw the petition. A second petition was thereupon addressed to Government by these young men, but no attention was paid to it, and soon afterwards the suggestions made in the first petition were adopted by Government by their founding the Dakshana Prize Fund, which has since contributed so much to the spread of education by the production of transla- tions of good English works. A year or so after the above-mentioned occurrence, Mr. Bhide found himself placed among the very people who hated him for his alleged misdemeanor in connection with the Dakshana Fund and the Sanskrit College—a. situation few would have willingly accepted. Fewer still, however, would have achieved the success that he did. In 1850 Major Candy offered Mr. Bhide the chair of English Literature in the Sanskrit College, which he gladly accepted. By his sound teaching and suavity of manner he rapidly advanced the students’ knowledge of English, liberalized their views and sentiments, and made them not only his devoted scholars, but his fast friends, who stuck to him till their death. The work so successfully inaugurated was continued by Professor Henry Green. Major Candy, who had watched Mr. Bhide’s successful labors in the field of education, had him promoted to the head- mastership of the English school at Satara. Mr. Bhide was one of the pioneers of female education in the city of Poona. He has served the Government in various capacities, as Sub-Assistant Inam Commissioner, as Munsiff, as Deputy Collector, in revenue survey work, asa First Class Sub-Judge, as a Special Sub-Judge and in other positions. He was at one time in editorial charge of the Duyan Prakash, a vernacular paper published in Poona. In every district where Mr. Bhide served he made himself eminently popular. Since his retirement to Poona, his native place, there has not been a single movement in the direction of moral, social, religious or political reform in which he has not had a distinguished part to perform. The Rao Bahadur, although seventy years old, is full of youthful energy, enjoys the hest of health and takes his morning walk regularly. Although retired from active service, he has undertaken magisterial duties, and is President of one of the Benches of Honorary Magistrates in the city. He is a lover of agriculture, and devotes a portion of his time to attending to his garden, which issituated at a short distance from the town. (222) RAO BAHADUR VISHNU MORESHWAR BHIDE, OF POONA. i LATE HON. RAO SAHEB VISHVANATH NARAYAN MANDLIK Cc. 1, M.- EAS. TF. RG. S.,F. SS. (I1L.OYDOR). The Late Honorable Rao Saheb Vishvanath Narayan Mandlik, C. S. I., M. R. A. S.,,.E-R..G. S.. F. S.S, (London). The memory of few men stands higher in public estimation, in Bombay, than that of the late Honorable V. N. Mandlik. He was born March 8, 1833, and belonged to a high Brahmin family, who resided at a village in the regions lying between the Arabian Sea and the Western Ghats, which have been rendered memorable in history by the exploits of the Mahrattas. He lived, not only to rise high in popular estimation, but also to win the esteem and confidence of the British Government. such able professors as Doctors Harkness and Patton. He distinguished himself so much in his college career that he was appointed to act, for a time, as a professor of mathematics at the Institute. He then entered Government employ and served, in different capacities, for nearly twelve years, to the entire satisfaction of such celebrated administrators as the late Sir Bartle Frere, Sir George Le Grand Jacob and Mr. James Gibbs, and the example of these men con- tributed not a little to the formation of that character of stern integrity, punctuality and independence for which Mr. Mandlik was so distinguished throughout his life. But the service of the British Government is not a field that gives full scope for the display of such abilities as Mr. Mandlik possessed, and he found a way to leave the trammels of service and join the Bombay Bar. There he soon secured a lucrative practice, and won a name for ability, learning, and the conscientious discharge of his duties, and his merits were rewarded by his appointment as Government Pleader. He was deprived, by death, of the still greater honor of a seat on the Bench of the High Court of Bombay, to which he had been all but actually appointed. His activity was not, however, confined to his profession, for he conducted a well-known native journal and wrote a number of valuable papers on literary and political topics. The crowning works of his life were a learned treatise on Hindu law, which has become a standard text-book, and a carefully prepared edition of the works of Manu—the ancient Lawgiver of India—with seven commentaries, six of which were then published for the first time. A posthumous work of his was an edition of Padma Rurana, an extensive ancient legendary work in Sanskrit. Mr. Mandlik took an unflagging interest in the welfare of the rate-payers, and was twice elected by his brother counsellors to preside over their deliberations. He was equally zealous as a Fellow, an Examiner, and a Syndic of the Bombay University. He was the first native to be elected Dean of the Faculty of Arts. On two different occasions, a well-merited tribute was paid to his work in the University by the vice-chancellors, Sir R. West, who went so far as to speak of him as ‘‘ Uniting within himself the attributes of a Sulpicius, a Varro, and a Macaenas, and the fame of them all.”’ Government appointed him," in the year 1874, a member of the local Legislative Council, where, for eight years, he ably and independently advocated the popular cause. In 1884, Lord Ripon summoned him to serve as an additional member of the Supreme Legislative Council at Calcutta, an honor conferred for the first time on a native of Western India. The citizens of Bombay marked their appreciation of this unique selection by giving a grand public entertainment to Mr. Mandlik. In the Supreme Council he worked with his characteristic ability and straightforwardness, and after his term was over he was again nominated by Lord Dufferin. The title of ‘‘ Rao Saheb’ had been early conferred upon him, and he was made a Companion of the Star of India on the occasion of the great Delhi assemblage of 1877. It is needless to say that he was a life-long student in the real sense of the word, and was hardly ever found without an intellectual engagement. One of the most interesting relics at the ‘ Hermitage ’—which was the appropriate name of the residence of this renowned Mahratta gentleman—is his large and varied library of standard works, probably the largest private library in Bombay. He was a scholar and a patriot of the highest order, respected by Europeans and natives alike; trusted by the people and esteemed by Government. There was, during the last twenty-five years of his life, scarcely a movement of note in the city in which he did not take a prominent part. He was a fellow of the Royal Geographical and Statistical Societies of London, as well as a member of the Royal Asiatic Society. He was connected with several other associations and public bodies as an active member, and was president or vice-president of some of them. He was a steady friend of education, not only for males, but also for females. In him were combined the enlightened conservatism of the East, with some of the best features of the liberalism which has sprung up in India from the introduction of Western education. He favored, in his own way, the cause of social reform, but he never sympathized with his countrymen who asked for Government interference in social matters, as he chose to rely on the ameliorating influence of time and education. Some men differed from him on these debatable questions, but his countrymen were proud of him and recognized his sterling worth. His friends and admirers honored him in his lifetime by subscribing a large sum, from the proceeds of which a gold medal is annually awarded by the University of Bombay for the best essay on a prescribed subject pertaining to Sanskrit literature. Mr. Mandlik was blessed with a robust constitution, but it could not withstand the pressure of the duties he imposed upon himself. A malady seized and carried him off on May 9, 1889, at the age of fifty-six years and two months. He was deeply and sincerely mourned by his countrymen and fellow-residents of India, who still cherish his memory. He was educated at the Elphinstone Institution at Bombay, under Vundravandas Purshotumdas, Esquire. Mr. Vundravandas Purshotumdas was born in Bombay in 1834. He is a Bhunsaly Kshatrya by caste, and is descended from a highly respectable family, his father, Purshotum- das, having held a position of great trust and responsibility under Angaria, of Colaba. The Bhansaly Kshatryas follow divers occupations in Bombay. They are barristers, solicitors, brokers, merchants, contractors, and in several native States there have been Bhunsaly In the We are pleased to say that this caste Kshatrya Dewans, and the present chief justice of Junagadh belongs to.the caste. mofussil they are cultivators and landed proprietors. is breaking through old customs, as many of its members have crossed the ‘‘Kala Pani’’ (sea), and visited England, America and Europe. Mr. Vundravandas was educated at the Elphinstone College and, after completing his scholastic life, he, in 1857, joined the impor- The firm, at this time, were contractors to the Government of Bombay for most of the supplies required, and, tant firm of Messrs. Kallianji Sewji & Co., merchants and contractors. on the Mutiny breaking out, they entered into large transport and clothing contracts with Government. It is easy to understand that during the never-to-be-forgotten year, 1857, the firm’s operations were exceedingly large and required much skill and foresight to bring them to a successful issue. The Government officials, under whom Messrs. Kallianji Sewji & Co. Mr. Vundra- vandas’s firm undertook, for the Great Indian Peninsula Railway Company, the carriage of acted, thanked them for the efficient way they had discharged their duties. the permanent way material for the north and southeastern extension of the company’s railway system to Sholapur and Raichore, and the firm also acted, for many years, as the landing, carting and forwarding agents in Bombay of the company. The directors of the company testified their appreciation of Kallianji Sewji & Co.’s services in this connection, and also for the excellent way they had managed the transhipment of passengers, goods, etc., in the days when through booking was unknown, by issuing two life passes over all the lines of the company to the two senior partners of the firm, and also by a resolution of the board of directors thanking the firm for its valuable services. Mr. Vundravandas has been for the last twenty years a director of the Alexandra Native Girls’ School. He is also a life governor of the same institution, and, it is unnecessary to say, a large contributor to the funds. He also founded an annual prize in memory of one of his daughters. No deserving student has ever applied in vain to Mr. Vundravandas for assistance, and his charity is far-reaching. After the fires and inundations in Ahmedabad and Surat, some fifteen years ago, Mr. Vun- dravandas donated a liberal sum toward the relief of the sufferers through these disastrous occurrences. The firm of Kallianji Sewji & Co. has contributed largely toward the cost of constructing temples and dharamsalas in Cutch, Dehoo near Poona, Kalyan and Porebunder, and as a trustee of the will of the late Kallianji Sewji, Mr. Vundravandas built a temple in Bombay in memory of the deceased. Mr. Vundravandas, in conjunction with Messrs. Cam- eron and Ryan and Nusserwanjee Tata, as contractors, did a great deal of work in connection with the reclamation of the Back Bay foreshore, and for this he deserves the thanks, not only (224) of every Bombay resident, but also of every visitor to Bombay, for by this work, one of the most picturesque drives in the world has been opened up. Mr. Vundravandas’s firm, during the Afghan Abyssinian and Egyptian campaigns, took large commissariat contracts from the Mr. Vundravandas has enjoyed the acquaintance of all the Governors of Bombay since Lord English Government which were not, we assume, altogether unprofitable to the firm. Elphinstone’s time, and is a welcome guest at all the leading social gatherings in Bombay, and he is invariably on the committee of reception to any distinguished visitor to the city. e VUNDRAVANDAS PURSHOTUMDAS, ESQUIRE. DAS MADOWDAS, ESQUIRE, J. P The Late Vurjivandas Madhowdas, Esq., J. P. Mr. Vurjivandas, during his life-time, was one of the best-known and most respected Hindu citizens of Bombay, and was undoubtedly considered to be the leader of the Bombay Hindu community. He was the youngest of five sons of the late Mr. Madhowdas Runchordas. The family originally came from Ghogla, a small town on the south coast of Kathiawar, and settled in Bombay more than two hundred years ago. The subject of this sketch was born on the twenty-eighth of January 1817, so that at the time of his death in June, 1896, he had only a few months to complete fourscore years. His early education commenced with the study of the Guzrati language, and later on he joined the Fort St. George Regimental School, after which he attended Mr. Boswell’s Academy. On leaving school hie attended a course of lectures on history, delivered at the Town Hall by Professor John Harkness, the first professor of history of the Elphinstone Coliege. On the occasion of the death, in 1837, of Mr Madhowdas Runchor- das, Sir Robert Grant, the Governor of Bombay, sent for Mr. Vurjivandas and his brothers, and expressed his deep regret at the loss they and the community at large had sustained by the death of their father, ai the same time presenting them each with a shawl and a turban as a mark of respect. After the death of Mr. Madhowdas Runchordas the business carried on by him was conducted by the five sons in partnership, until the death, in 1840, of Mr. Muljibhoy, the eldest of the sons, when the subject of this sketch entered into partnership with his brother, Mr. Narottamdas. In addition to this business the firm, in conjunction with Mr. Sorabjee Shapurjee Bengalee, C. I. E , were appointed, in 1844, guarantee brokers to Messrs. W. & A. Graham & Co. In 1882 Mr. Narottamdas died, and Mr. Sorabjee Shapurjee Bengalee, C. I. E., passed away eleven years later, when Mr. Donald Graham entrusted the business to the firm, thereafter styled Vurjivandas Madhowdas and Sons. Mr. Vurjivandas was married in 1833, and had three sons and two daughters. The two surviving sons are named Tribhovandas and Jugmohandas. He had the misfortune to lose his eldest daughter and youngest son some years ago. During the share mania in 1864, Mr. Vurjivandas shrewdly withstood the tempta- tion to speculate, and as a result he was not involved in the disaster at the final collapse in which so many Bombay men of integrity and renown were brought to ruin. In 1872 the management of municipal matters was vested in a corporation, and he was elected by the rate-payers of the Fort Ward as their representative, a position he retained till 1878, when he retired, much to the regret of his brother-councillors and the rate-payers of Bombay. He was a Justice of the Peace for the town and island of Bombay, a member of the Bombay Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society, a Fellow of the Bombay University, a Member of the Port Trust, a Director and Trustee of the Bombay Native Dispensary, and was also connected with many charitable institutions. To perpetuate the memory of his revered father, he pur- chased, in 1874 (in conjunction with lis brother Mr. Narottamdas), a large tract of land at Lall Bagh, now known as the Madhav Bagh, on the Cowasji Patel Tank Road, and on a part of this land they erected several houses, at a cost of nearly two lakhs of rupees, for the use of Hindus on festive and other occasions. In the following year they built a temple at Madhav Bagh, and dedicated it to ‘‘ Shri Laxmi Naravan.”” Madhav Bagh is now one of the most popular public resorts in Bombay, and the temple of ‘“ Shri Laxmi Narayan’ is daily visited by numbers of Hindu devotees. The permanent maintenance of these institutions is secured by an annual income of 3,100 rupees, derived from the rents of a range of buildings and lease- hold properties. These places at the present day are fully worth five lakhs of rupees, and would cost even more if they were projected in these days. The late Mr. Mooljibhoy, by his will, left 20,000 rupees for charity, and appointed Mr. Vurjivandas executor; but as this fund was insufficient to carry out the intentions of the deceased, it was utilized in purchasing landed property, and the rents accruing from it, with accumulated interest, bad, in 1878, increased to 60,000 rupees, of which Mr. Vurjivandas spent 57,000 rupees in the purchase of land and the erection of several handsome structures, to be used as a dharmashala for Hindu travelers. Out of this fund he also purchased a house in Nasik costing 5,000 rupees, which he likewise gave as a dharmashala for Hindu travelers. These institutions are supported by an income derived from the annual rents from landed property valued at 20,000 rupees, and are known as the ‘“ Mooljibhoy Madhowdas Dharmashalas.” In 1880 Mr. Vurjivandas was made a director of the Bank of Bombay, a position he retained till his death. In 1882 he presented to the University of Bombay Government notes to the value of 5,000 rupees, on condition that the interest should be given annually to the candidate who got the highest number of marks in Sanskrit in the (first) B. A. examination. This is known as ‘‘ Vurjivandas Madhowdas Sanskrit Scholarship.” In February, 1888, a marriage in the family took place at Madhav Bagh, and Their Royal Highnesses the Duke and Duchess of Connaught graced the occasion with their presence. In 1889 Mr. Vurjivandas had the misfortune to lose his youngest son, Mr. Runchordas, and, to perpetuate his memory, a magnificent sanitarium was erected at a cost of 1,25,000 rupees, including the land on the summit of Sion Hill, near Bombay, for the use of Hindus. Ample provision was made for its maintenance, the interest of five per cent Port Trust bonds valued at 20,000 rupees, and the income derived from the garden and buildings attached, being set apart for the purpose. To afford medical aid to the poor of Sion, Dharavi, Mattunga, and adjoining districts, Mr. Vurji- vandas, built in 1895, a dispensary at a cost of 16,000 rupees, named after himself, and the sum of 25,000 rupees invested in Port Trust bonds, as well as the rent of the upper portion of the building, was set apart for the purpose of its maintenance. This institution was opened by that popular citizen of Bombay, Dr. Blaney, C. I. E., who, in his closing remarks in reference to the dispensary and the liberality of Mr. Vurjivandas, said: ‘‘I know his mind has always been actively engaged in seeking to invest his wealth in kind and benevolent work, and to be of use to his fellow-creatures in his day and generation, thus proving himself a good representative of the Rupji Dhunji family, of whom I have just spoken.’” Mr. Vurjivandas also donated 12,000 rupees toward the Madhav Bagh Sadawart Fund for the relief of helpless and indigent Hindus, and by a trust deed he set apart a further sum of 25,000 rupees, the interest of which is devoted to a caste feast, and generally for the relief of the poorer members of the caste. In addition to the above sum, he spent over 25,000 rupees in charities in sums from 1,000 rupees and upward. His name was never found wanting on a subscription list raised for the welfare of his fellow-men. : On twelfth June, 1896, after a long and useful career, Mr. Vurjivandas departed this life suddenly at Westfield, his Warden Road residence, the immediate cause of death being failure of the heart’s action. His stalwart, familiar presence was greatly missed from the commercial circles of Bombay for many days afterwards. His death was universally regretted, and his name is destined to remain green for a long time in the memory of all classes of the citizens of Bombay. His friends and admirers convened a meeting of citizensat Petit Hall, the residence of Sir Dinshaw Petit, Bart., where they passed a vote expressive of their deep-felt regret, and also opened a fund for the purpose of raising a memorial, which was largely subscribed to. Up to the last Mr. Vurjivandas was hale and hearty, and attended his usual avocations until within a day or two of his death. After perusal of the foregoing sketch our readers will readily understand why it is that Mr. Vurjivandas Madhowdas was regarded with feelings of esteem and affection by all classes of society in Bombay, and it is not too much to say that whenever the history of the first century of active English rule in Western India comes to be written, the name of Vurjivandas Madhowdas will occupy a conspicuous and honorable place therein. Q 2, WB ro oo pa pe pT pet rr = AZ ey RN se SA Ne ANA ON N44 ZINE, Sh JZNNZ, NA NZI TURE EAN NEN ENS NINE NLNAN ZN SI IN INNS NAINA NENA INN ENE SRNR RND GREENE REIN (226) Tribhovandas Vurjivandas, Esq., J. P. Mr. Tribhovandas Vurjivandas is the eldest son of the late Mr. Vurjivandas Madhowdas, and was born in Bombay on the twenty-second day of March, 1848. When eight years old he commenced the study of Gujrati, his mother-tongue, and followed it with English, of which he possesses an excellent knowledge. He left the Elphinstone High School in 1869, and joined the piece-goods sales department of Messrs. W. and A. Graham & Co., where he acquired sound business knowledge, and was highly thought of by the heads of the firm, including the Hon. Sir F. F. Adam, C. I. E. In 1875 Mr. Tribhovandas established the ‘‘ Arya Sudhar. modaya Sabha,’’ of which he is the President. Its object is to diffuse religious knowledge amongst Hindus. The services of the well-known Pandit Gatoolalajee of Bombay were secured in connection with the institution, and its success was thus, from its very beginning, well assured. In August, 1878, Mr. Tribhovandas convened a meeting of influental Hindu gentle- men to consider the best mode of publicly recognizing the disinterested labors of the learned Pandit in the cause of the old Indian learning and the Vedic religion, and a fund amounting to Rs. 18,000 was raised. Out of thissum a purse of 8,000 rupees was presented, together with an address, to the Pandit, and the remaining 10,000 rupees was invested for his benefit. In promoting this fund, Mr. Tribhovandas evinced his genuine desire to afford public. encourage- ment to the cause of learning. In 1880 Mr. Tribhovandas was made a Justice of the Peace for the Town and Island of Bombay by the Bombay Government, and in the same year he made an extended tour through Upper India, visiting, amongst other places, Jabalpur, Allahabad, Cawnpore, Muttra, Agra, Jeypore, Ajmere, Delhi, Lucknow, Oudh, Benares, Calcutta, and Nathdwar. On the retirement, in 1883, of his uncle, Shet Gopaldas Madhowdas, from the head- ship of a section of the Kapole Bania caste, Mr. Tribhovandas was unanimously elected, at a meeting of the caste, to succeed him, and he was at the same time presented with the usual dress of honor. In 188r Mr. Tribhovandas became a member of the firm of Vurjivandas Madhowdas & Co., and in 1893 the name of the firm was changed to Vurjivandas Madhowdas & Sons. In 1885 Mr. Tribhovandas established a charitable fund called the Kapole Nirashrit Fund for the benefit of the destitute, and to educate the poor of the caste in Bombay. To this fund, which has been instrumental in doing much good, Mr. Tribhovandas contributed a large sum, and under his fostering care it now amounts to 26,000 rupees. At the Municipal elections in 1878 Mr. Tribhovandas was returned as a member of the Corporation, and he retained his seat till the thirty-first of March, 1898. Before that date, however, the general elections of 1898 for a new Corporation were held, at which, however, Mr. Tribhovandas, owing to his multifarious public and business engagements, did not feel justified in offering himself for re-election. During his tenure of office as member of the Corporation, which extended over a period of twenty years, Mr. Tribhovandas watched over the interests of his constituents with a whole heart, and, without being aggressive, showed a spirit of independence in all questions where the public welfare was concerned. He supported the improvement of the assessment system of Bombay, as well as the introduction of the Tansa water scheme. In connection with the Queen’s Jubilee it was resolved, on the motion of Mr. Tribhovandas, that the memorial to be raised by the Bombay public should take the form of the Victoria Technical Institute, and that Government be informed that the committee were prepared to give the Institute any portion of the public subscriptions that might remain after paying the expenses of the festiv- itids connected with the celebration of the Jubilee. This proposal was not carried out, owing to the fact that, after the expenses were paid, there was no balance available. The Corporation, however, subsequently made a grant of 80,000 rupees to the Institute. Mr. Tribhovandas was a Director of the Star of India Mills, and also a member of the Royal Asiatic Society. He (227) TRIBHOVANDAS VURJIVANDAS, ESQUIRE, J. P. has frequently actcd as honorary secretary and treasurer to bodies created for the recognition of the public services rendered by distinguished Bombay citizens, such as Sir Dinshaw Petit, Bart., Dr. Blaney, C. I. E., etc., and also to the memorial to be raised to the late lamented Maharaja of Bhavnagar. At a meeting, presided over by Lord Harris, then Governor of Bom- bay, Mr. Tribhovandas was elected a joint Honorary Secretary to a fund raised for the relief of the sufferers from the riots of 1893. As executor of the late Shet Narottamdas Bapubhai and Bai Nundcorebai, daughter of the late Shet Ramjee Madhowjee, Mr. Tribhovandas gave out of the estate of the former 3,000 rupees towards starting a fund for the relief of the poor mem- bers of the Lad Bania community, and out of the estate of the latter a sum of 25,000 rupees to provide an elegant building for the Loka Gachh Sang, to be used for the performance of the religious rites of the Jains. On the death of his much respected father, Mr. Vurjivandas, in 1896, Mr. Tribhovandas was elected to fill the vacancy on the Directorate of the Bank of Bom- bay caused by the sad event, which responsible and influental position he continues to hold with marked ability and judgment. With a view to perpetuate the memory of his revered father, the subject of this memoir, in conjunction with his brother, Mr. Jugmohandas, set apart a sum of 25,000 rupees, with which nucleus he has established a boarding school, bear- ing the name of the late lamented Mr. Vurjivandas, for the benefit of the poor and deserving students of his community. The Kapole Bania community to which Mr. Tribhovandas belongs, and of which he is one of the recognized heads and leaders, was for a long time divided into factions, owing to feuds of more than thirty years’ duration. Mr. Tribhovandas regretted this very much and always tried to heal the breach. The demise of Mr. Vurjivandas served as a convenient opportunity for Mr. Tribhovandas to renew his efforts in this peaceful direction, and at last his perseverance was rewarded with success. The two factions have now buried their differences and made friends. It is mainly due to Mr. Tribhovandas that the community now presents a united front, and his action in this respect is much appreciated, and will long be remembered, not only by individual members of his own community, but by others as well, as it furnishes a striking example of the benefits of union as against the discomforts of division, for other factions and communities to follow. Mr. Tribhovandas was married in 1865 to Bai Ruttonba‘, daughter of the late Mr. Jugji- vandas Madhowjee, by whom he has four sons, Manordas, Gordhandas, Dhurmdas and Ish- wardas, and two daughters, Kesharbai and Krishnabai. Early in 18¢8 he started business under the name and style of Tribhovandas Vurjivandas & Co., in partnership with his sons. At the outset the firm secured the Bombay Agency of the Commercial Union Fire Insurance Company of New York, and thus they began remarkably well for a new undertaking. Mr. Tribhovandas is still in the prime of life, and, as might be conceived, interests himself in the welfare of his community, and is always consulted where their interests are concerned. His suavity of manner and business ability promise to maintain the reputation of the wealthy and distin- guished family from whom he claims descent, viz : the family of the historic Shet Rupji Dhunji, a reputation well sustained by his revered father, Mr. Vurjivandas, during his life-time. (228) LirvuT.-COoLONEL T. S. WEIR, Lieutenant-Colonel T. S. Weir, I. M. S. IEUTENANT-COLONEL T. S. WEIR is the Executive Health Officer of the Bombay Munici- y pality, and to those who are acquainted with the serious vicissitudes through which the city has passed during the last three years or so, the weight of the burden he has had to bear will be readily understood. Colonel Weir joined the Medical Service in 1870, after a career, already distinguished, in Dublin, followed by some adventurous years. Having acted, with credit that proclaimed itself, in different appointments in every hospital in Bombay, he was unanimously elected Health Officer to the Municipality in 1873, to which responsible position he has been re-elected quinquennially ever since. The following will give some idea of Colonel Weir’s professional versatility: — In 1874 a murrain occurred amongst the cattle in Bombay, which Dr. Weir—as he is mostly called—identified as #7ze rinderpest. This diagnosis of the disease caused consider- able alarm, and Government therefore deputed a committee of Veterinary Officers to report on the disease, and they confirmed Dr. Weir’s opinion. During the years of great Famine—1896-7—a high mortality obtained in Bombay, and this Dr. Weir ascribed to the immigration of famine-stricken people, who naturally brought with them the diseases usual to famine. Government appointed a committee to inquire into the cause of the abnormal death rate, and their report led to a difference of opinion between them and the Health Officer. In six weeks during the autumn of 1896 as many as 40,000 people suffering from want were said to have inundated the city. Dr. Weir opened large camps for their accommodation and maintenance, both in and outside the city, one of which—on what was then ‘‘ The Flats,” but now the Race-course—held as many as 25,000 people. He also chartered steamers every year, for a number of years, for the purpose of sending the destitute immigrants back to their own countries. In 1878, a public meeting was held under the presidency of the Governor of Bombay, Sir Richard Temple, with the object of opening a Famine Fund for the distressed in Ireland, and Dr. Weir, who was appointed to the onerous position of Secretary, was enabled to send home nearly £20,000 as Bombay’s contribution to the Irish Fund. In the same year, Dr. Weir obtained leave and proceeded on an adventure into Afghanistan. He was accredited as the Special Correspondent with the Kurrum Field Force under Lord Roberts, and saw all the fighting in that campaign, including the battle of the Peiwar Kotal. Of the latter he despatched to the 7imes of India the longest account that had, up to that time, been sent to any Indian paper. He happened to attract personal attention in one engagement by reason of his riding a white horse. As the Special Correspondent to the London Standard was ill some days before the above battle, Dr. Weir acted for him. Amongst other adventures, Dr. Weir was made a prisoner by the troops at Jamrud, and was so kept for a day and a night, until his identity was established. Curiously enough, there were at that time at Jamrud all the officers who were subse- queutly killed at Cabul with Cavagnari. Dr. Weir accompanied Cavagnari in several reconnoisances. On returning to Bombay, Dr. Weir was connected with the Military Relief Fund, of which he was the working Secretary in conjunction with Mr. Dossabhoy Framjee. A very large fund was collected, and this was distributed by Dr. Weir without a single complaint being made. In 1884, Dr. Weir started on another adventure into Central Asia, and this time he was Special Correspondent with the Afghan Boundary Commission for both the London Standard and the Times of India. Owing to his acquaintance with the Turkish language, his services were often availed of as interpreter, and he was moreover able to obtain valuable information for his papers. These are but a few of the many adventures through which Dr. Weir has passed. As Health Officer, he has been continuously engaged of late years in the battle with the Plague. His views on sanitary matters so often prove correct that they naturally carry much weight. Dr. Weir holds the opinion that the Plague that has attacked the population of Bombay with such intensity is an epidemic not only amongst human beings but primarily amongst rats, and maintains that in order to get at the root of the evil measures for the destruction of rodents must be adopted and strenuously carried out. That Dr. Weir has been since 1873 the Chief of one of the most important departments—if not the most important—in the Bombay Municipality is a speaking tribute to his ability. (229) _C. BERKELEY LIBRARIES 054918959 i A nai At Tu RUE, ATEN OETA ARs Lt HA SAA RAT ] 4A: : AIAG TR t y SCUMAS A hk ARR HR XR H Tb 3 HSL, (Fi pL AHA} y He v. * KAA RE PES \ PR Vay to ¢ ( Cay ¥ [} bet ROSE AUR ALR 3 Th SER FO AR en RN RAN AA NT ata § CNR Are FREES SRR SO LR Lo Af a 4 OTE Sit A WE BOR [X) BUR TRS) DIAS ( RE FA LE OR Ny