UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, BERKELEY MICROFILMED 1992 UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LIBRARY PHOTOGRAPHIC SERVICE BERKELEY, CA 94720 MAY BE COVERED BY COPYRIGHT LAW TITLE 17 U.S. CODE REPRODUCTIONS AVAILABLE THROUGH UC BERKELEY GENERAL LIBRARY INTERLIBRARY LOAN OFFICE Great Britain. Civil AUTHOR :goryice Commission. open competition For the Civil Service oF India TLE ye Of neon, eyamin “4d ers, “table of o, marks, and d stab sti yg Yb ‘London DATE : 1893 VOLUME : CALL DS Hoy M NEG : 90- NO : P3 4178 FILMED AND PROCESSED BY LIBRARY PHOTOGRAPHIC SERVICE UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA BERKELEY CA 94720 4 sjoBNO. 1 77 Lou 3 | Lc Ra - DATE g OQ? 25 Jt pis MICROCOPY RESOLUTION TEST CHART NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS — 1963 REDUCTION RATIO § A 0 pp DOCUMENT SOURCE ‘GENERAL LIBRARY UNNUMBERED PAGE [S] fagination beg ins on p-9, pp- [i1]-L2] not designated . CIVIL SERVICE COMMISSION. [41l Rights Reserved. ] OPEN COMPETITION FOR THE CIVIL SERVICE OF INDIA, August, 1893. REGULATIONS, EXAMINATION PAPERS, TABLE OF MARKS, AND STATISTICS. LONDON: PRINTED FOR HER MAJESTY’S STATIONERY OFFICE, BY HARRISON AND SONS, ST. MARTIN'S LANE, PRINTERS IN ORDINARY TO HER MAJESTY. Ard to be purchased, either direct!y or through any Bookseller, from EYRE & SPOTTISWOODE, East HARDING STREET, FLEET STREET, E.C.; Or JOHN MENZIES & Co., 12, HANOVER STREET, EDINBURGH, and 90, West NiLe STREET, GLASGOW ; or HODGES, FIGGIS, & Co., Limited, 104, GRAFTON STREET, DUBLIN. 1893. Price One Shilling. Papi SE a hae fii RE el Sa aR GG peat ro on Sem CIVIL SERVICE COMMISSION. (4! Rights Reserved. ] OPEN COMPETITION 2 FOR THE CIVIL SERVICE OF INDIA, August, 1893. REGULATIONS, EXAMINATION PAPERS, TABLE OF MARKS, AND STATISTICS. LONDON: PRINTED FOR HER MAJESTY'S STATIONERY OFFICE, BY HARRISON AND SONS, ST. MARTIN'S LANE, PRINTERS IN ORDINARY TO HEL MAJESTY. Ard to be purchased, either directly or through any Bookseller, from EYRE & SPOTTISWOODE, East HARDING STREET, FLEET STREET, E.C.; Or JOHN MENZIES & Co., 12, HANOVER STREET, EDINBURGH, and 90, West Nie STREET, GLASGOW ; or HODGES, FIGGIS, & Co., Limited, 104, GRAFTON STREET, DUBLIN. 1893 Price One Shilling. CIVIL SERVICE COMMISSION. [AU Rights Reserved. ] OPEN COMPETITION FOR THE CIVIL SERVICE OF INDIA, August, 1893. REGULATIONS, EXAMINATION PAPERS, TABLE OF MARKS, AND STATISTICS. LONDON: PRINTED FOR HER MAJESTY’S STATIONERY OFFICE, BY HARRISON AND SONS, ST. MARTIN'S LANE, PRINTERS IN ORDINARY TO HER MAJESTY.’ And to be purchased, either directly or through any Bookseller, from EYRE & SPOTTISWOODE, EAsT HARDING STREET, FLEET STREET, E. C.; or JOHN Menzies & Co., 12, HANOVER STREET, EDINBURGH, and 0, WEST NILE STREET, GLASGOW ; or HODGES, FIGGIS, & Co., Limited, 104, GRAFTON STREET, DUBLIN. 1893. Price One Shilling. CONTENTS. REGULATIONS, &c. .e EXAMINATION PAPERS. TABLE OF MARKS STATISTICS . INSTRUCTIONS TO CAN DIDATES REeEguLATIONS FOR THE OPEN COMPETITION OF August, 1893. N.B.—The Regulations are liable to be altered in future years. 1. On the 1st August, 1893, and following days, an Examination open to all qualified persons, will be held in London (a). Not fewer than 56 persons will he selected, if so many shall be found duly qualified ; viz.,, 12 for the Lower Pro- vinces of Bengal (including Assam); 24 for the Upper Provinces of Bengal (in- cluding the Punjab, Oudh, and the Central Provinces) ; 5 tor Burma ; 7 for Madras, and 8 for Bombay (d). 2. No person will be deemed qualified who shall not satisfy the Civil Service Commissioners :— (i.) That he is a natural-born subject of Her Majesty. (ii.) That his age will be above twenty-one years and under twenty-three years, on the 1st April, 1893. [N.B.—In the case of Natives of India it will be necessary for a Candidate to obtain a certificate of age and nationality signed, should he be a resident in British India, by the Secretary tv Qovernment of the Province, or the Com- massioner of the Division within which his family resides, or should he reside in a Native State, by the highest Political Officer accredited to the State tn which his family resides. ] (iii.) That he has no disease, constitutional affection, or bodily infirmity unfittivg him, or likely to unfit him, for the Civil Service of India. (iv.) That he is of good moral character. 3. Should the evidence upon the above points be primd facie satisfactory to the Civil Service Commissioners, the Candidate, on payment of the prescribed fee (c) will be admitted to the Examination. The Commis-ioners may, however, in their discretion at any time prior to the grant of the Certificate of Qualification herein- after referred to, institute such further inquiries as they may deem necessary ; and if the result of such inquiries, in the case of any Candidate, should be unsatisfactory to them in any of the above respects, he will be ineligible for admission to the Civil Service of India, and if already selected, will be removed from the position of a Probationer. 4. The Open Competitive Examination will take place only in the following branches of knowledge :— Marks. English Composition .. *s ws i“ . oe 500 Sanskrit Language and Literature . ue .e ue .e 500 Arabic Language and Literature .. ve .e . . 500 Greek Language and Literature .e .e . Xs “s 750 Latin Language and Literature ‘ 750 English Langnage and Literature (including special period named by the Commissioners) (d) . " .“ - * x 500 French Language and Literature .e ve . os ve 500 (a) An order for admission to the Examination will be sent to each Candidate on the 18th July, 1893. (5) For the method of distribution, sée No. i. of the announcements on p. 5. (¢) The fee (£5) will be payable by meuns of a special stamp according to in- structions which will be communicated to Candidates. (d) In the syllabus referred to in Note (b) on next page. (9720) AZ CIVIL SERVICE COMMISSION : [AUGUST German Language and Literature .. e a yg Mathematics (pure and appli : pplied) oe ’e . . Svan Nuthomation) subjects (pare and applied) hy boo ural Science ; i.e. y i ce h i, hi: any number not exceeding three of the Elementary Chemistry and Elementary Physics ii 6007) Oy 1 i Sehisch may not be taken up by those who . er either Higher Chemistry i ic | Higher Chemistry : .e gio foods 600 Higher Physics .. . ve re il ~ 600 Geology .. " ve . = i th nl Botany .. ‘e ve re oa Zoology .. . . a oo oe Animal Physiology .e i is I: i rest Minor na, including Constitution) wii 400 n History (Ancient, includi ituti " be Englioh Hive o inc ading Coniieniion) ae ‘eo $00 Gener) Modern History (period to be selected by Candidates from Bs in the syllabus issued by the Commissioners, one period at 1, east to include Indian History) (a) in hy 500 Laghe and Mental Philosophy (Ancient and Modern) 5 ve 400 oral Philosophy (Ancient and Modern) . is 400 im Ragnomny and Economic History : 500 olitical Science (including Analytical Juri de th 1; a nes $0 g isprudence, the Early Rom yo ns liaison, wa Thenry of Legislation) va oe fo inglish Law, viz.:—Law of Contract C iminal - o gli : .— Crim a Evidence and Law of the Constitution .. bel Levolom of 500 Candidates are at liberty to 3 : Ee ap 4 name any or all of these branches of knowledge (b). 5. The merit of the persons examin i i ed will be estimated by marks; number set opposite to each branch in the preceding regulation Ele he Sue number of marks that can be obtained in respect of it. ase Tis maths i to Candidates in each branch will be sulject to such 1e Civil Service Commissioners may deem necessary (c¢) in order to secure that “a Candidate be all redi i j fore tiny vy Loniiday owed no credit at all for taking up a subject in which 7. The Examination wi * n will be conduc pnd necessary. ucted on paper and vivd voce, as may be deemed 8. k i i i viii Tug maps Syne by each Candidate, in respect of each of the subjects in pau hex 4s, cen examined, will be added up, and the names of the several Wait 3 ¥ho x a) have obtained, after the deduction above-mentioned, a greater co ® Jamie 0 Jas than any of the remaining Candidates will be set forth he a foe such Candidates shall be deemed to be selected Candidates for The Figo ; ndia, provided they appear to be in other respects duly quali- fed,’ 25 Sli ans of Sh selected Candidates become disqualified, the Secretary of Seen ih wil etermine whether the vacancy thus created shall be filled up or arto ’ uses th: Candidate next in order of merit, and in other respects i : ; 3 ining to acce inati which may be offered to him, will be disqualified for any ra vB, 9. Selected Candidates before proceeding to India, will be on probation for one year, at the end of which time th i i i i i dah ie } i! vi be examined, with a view of testing their (a) See Note (b). the 433 Yilbes dsl in general terms the character of the Examination in He ations 5 , may be obtained on application to the Secretary, Civil Service , 46) Soke Jered b English Composition and Mathematics will be subject ib Jigen lence will, for the purpose of deduction, be treated as a (2) A syllabus, showing the extent of the examination, will be issued to the successful Candidates as si , deter soou as possible after the result of the Open Competition is 1893 ] INDIA CIVIL SERVICE :—OPEN COMPETITION. Comp ulsory— Marks. 1. Indian Penal Code and Criminal Procedure Code, 1882 i 500 92. The principal Vernacular Language of the Province to which the Candidate is assigned .e os or e 400 3. History of British India .. oe oe oH - oe 300 O,tional. [Not more than two of these subjects. ] — 1. The Code of Civil Procedure, 1882, and the Indian Contract Act, 1872 .. a is 4Hu 2. Hindu and Mohammedan Law .. “ ‘ ‘ 350 *3. Sanskrit ’e ‘ ve xe or . oe i 400 *4, Arabic ’e o ve . os ’ 400 5. Persian . .o “r .e .“ . ’ by 400 *6. Political Economy .. va .n “i os e oe 400 In this Examination, as in the open competition, the merits of the (Candidates examined will be estimated by marks (which will be subject to deductions in the same way as the marks assigned at the open competition), and the number set opposite fo each subject denotes the greatest number of marks that can be obtained in respect of it. The Examination will be conducted on paper and viv’ voce, as may be deemed necessary. This Examination will be held at the close of the year of probation, and will be called the “ Final Examination.” 10. The selected Candidates will also be tested during their probation as to their proficiency in riding. Examinations in riding will be conducted by a Military Officer acting for the Civil Service Commissioners, as follows: — (1) Shortly after the result of the Open Competitive Examination has been declared, or at such time or times as the Commissioners may appoint during the course of the probationary year. (2) Again, at the time of the Final Examination, Candidates who may fully satisfy the Commissioners of their ability to ride well and to perform journeys on horscback, shall receive a Certificate which sha!l entitle them to be credited with 200 marks to be added to their marks in the Final Examination. (3) Candidates who fail to obtain this Certificate, but who gain a Certificate of minimum proficiency in riding, wiil be allowed to proceed 10 India, but will be subjected on their arrival to such further tests in riding as may be prescribed by their Government, and shall receive no increase to their initial salary until they have passed sucb tests to the satisfaction of that Government. A Candidate who fails at the end of the year of probation to gain at least the Certificate of minimum proficiency in riding, will be liable to have his name removed from the list of Selected Candidates. 11. The selected Candidates who, at the Final Examination, shall be found to have a competent knowledge of the subjects specified in Regulation 9, and who shall have satisfied the Civil Service Commissioners of their eligibility in respect of nationality, age, health, character, and ability to ride, shall be certified by the said Commissioners to be entitled to be appointed to the Civil Service of India, provided they shall comply with the regulations in force, at the time, for that Service. 12. Persons desirous to be admitted as Candidates, must apply on Forms, which may be obtained from “ The Secretary, Civil Service Commission, London, S.W.,”" at any time after the 1st December, 1892. The Forms must be returned so as to be received at the office of the Civil Service Commissioners, on or before 31st May, 1893 (a). A “oe oe oe oe oe The Civil Service Commissioners are authorised by the Secretary of State for India in Council to make the following announcements: — (1.) As regards the distribution of the Selected Candidates to the several Presidencies and Provinces mentioned in Regulation 1, the Selected Candidates will be divided into four groups, each containing 14 Candidates, according to the order in which they stand on the list resulting from the Open Competition (the first 14 in Order of Merit composing Group No. 1, the next 14 in Order of Merit composing Group No. 2, and so on), and the Members of each Group will be * These subjects may not be offered by any Candidate who has offered tLem at the open competition. (a) These forms should be accompanied by evidence on the points mentioned in Regulation 2, and by a list of the subjects in which the Candidate desires to be examined. Evidence of health and character must bear date not earlier than 1st May, 1893. remains, one of ti i following Table : ie appointments allotied to that Group, as indicated in th ) n ec Appointments allotted to— 1st Group, | 2nd Group, | 8rd Group, | 4th Group | ’ | Total. Upper Provinces, &e.| r | sions: | sss sii , &e. E of — Lower Provinces 3 6 6 | 7 and Assam } 38 3 24 Madras : 2 3 | 8 12 omba . i 2 2 | Boris : oe 2 | 2 | o 1 7 LI 2 1 | 1 2 | 8 — — in et 1 5 14 tL TDi. 14 14 56 The choice t iv e thus given, however, will be subject to any other ar : rangement ’ > ( 2) ~ y pp 1 ~ in the Regulations i ? , they will Secretary of State may i ned to such group or groups as to the (3.) No exch: . ance of Nol . Candidates 3 appointments will b i , wl \ c € permitt Province, odin i per 1 have made Soo ata Jsnen soloed adjoinine grog t 10s¢ who ar: members of resxdency or : D8, or who are separ: 8 of the same grou of Merit, on t, Separated by not m } P or of two . ie result of the () 4 UL more than 28 others in th to exchange appoi ¢ Upen Competition. Applies i e Order month od Fanny ust be made to the npn for gin ; ate of choice mad ? ate within exchange be perm; made under par. | : one : mirted unless it i. ; par. 1, and in no : desirable 3 i ed unless it i, in the opin, case will an able, in the public interest, that it hoa a, of the Secretary of State, ie. (4.) The givin i alu: 3 or receiving di tia valuable cons g 1g directly or indiree aud A gi for an exchange will be Miireny any money or other ment of the Candidates interested ed to vacate the selection ( .) C q P a (6.) The seniority ; . A Y 1n the Civil ; ; will be determined according ty (harvies of Tudis of the Selected Candidates (7.) An allowance i : i amounting to £ i : Pass their proba; § gto £100 will be . approved Ls ne : the Univer:ities Oe 2 Candidates Lig Dublin, Glas ~ocualy of State, viz., the Universit ¢ ave been gow, Edinbureh ’ niversities of Oxford, C: : Londor : and Kins gh, St. Andrew's, and Ab ord, Cambridge ’ ine’s ’ y erdeen ; uU . » passed the Final RE College, London ; provided such C very College, X mination to the satisfaction of th gi ldates shall have : e missioners, and sh : all have compli i oo : i ervice Com- aia shal Candi with such rules as may be laid down for “the (8.) The allowance of ‘ he has be A ¢9 £100 will not be paid ’ een certified by the Civil Service ny Sid ih until - ‘ of entitle to be s . . 1 i . . undertaking to re Indic. g to refund the amount jin the ev (9.) All Candidates o; : ‘ates ontainine Cert; . covenants, by whi & Uertificates will be al i : to such Da bangs; other things. they will bind on I Iv Sarin or the provision of pensions for (heir Family Ea a anne ’ 1€s as may be a roy d b ‘retary ot St i (10.) Candidates re; hos 8 rejected at the Fi inati re allowed to present themselves for aan oF Toe, wili0 node CIVIL SERVICE COMMISSION : [AUGUST J) 2 0 fs Ww i « 1ce 1893.] INDIA CIVIL SERVICE (—OPEN COMPETITION. Syllabus showing the extent of the Examination in certain subjects at the Open Competition for admission into the Indian Civil Service in 1893. The Regulations governing the Open Competition for admission info the Indian Civil Service have been framed with a view to the principle regarled by Lord Macaulay’s Committee, in 1854, as essential, viz., that the object of the Compe- tition should be to secure for the Indian Civil Service officers who “have received the best, the most liberal, the most finished education that their native country affords.” The scheme of examination has accordingly been made to embrace most of the subjects of the Honour Schools in the Universities of Great Britain and Ireland. In administering the scheme, the Civil Service Commissioners, concur- ring with Lord Macaulay’s Committee in the opinion, “that no Candidate who may fail should, to whatever calling he may betake himself, have any reason to regret the time and labour which he has spent in preparing himself to be examined,” desire to avoid all disturbance of the general course of University studies, and to render it possible, with due regard for the principle of Open Coinpetition, for those who have graduated with horours at the Universities, to attend the examination for the Indian Civil Service with good prospects of success. The appended Syllabus shows in outline the intentions of the Commissioners with regard to the extent and character of the examination in those subjects which seem to require further definition. The scope of the examination in the subjects not mentioned in the Syllabus is sufficiently defined in the scheme published in the Regulations themselves. The Examiners will be instructed to keep the standard in each subject up to the level of the highest course of study pursued in the Universities. Enqlish Composition.—An Essay to be written on one of several subjects specified by the Civil Service Commissioners on their Examination Paper. In English Language and Literature—The Examination will be in two parts the one the Candidates will be expected to show a general acquaintance with the course of linglish Literature, as represented (mainly) by the following writers in verse and prose, between the reign of Edward III. and the accession of Queen Victoria. Verse—Chaucer, Langland, Spenser, Shakespeare, Milton, Dryden, Pope, Gray, Collins, Johnson, Goldsmith, Crabbe, Cowper, Campbell, Wordsworth, Scott, Byron, Coleridge, Shelley, Keats. Prose—Bacon, Sir Thomas Browne, Milton, Cowley, Bunyan, Dryden, Swift, Defoe, Addison, Johnson, Burke, Scott, Macaulay (Essays and Bio- graphies). A minute knowledge of the works of these authors will not be looked for in this part of the Examination, which will, however, test how far the Candidates have studied the chief productions of the greatest English writers in themselves, and are acquainted with the leading characteristics of their thought and style, and, with the place which each of them occupies in the history of English literature. Candidates will also be expected to show that they have studied in these authors the history of the English language in respect of its vocabulary, syntax. and prosody. The other part of the Examination will relate to one of the periods named below, which will follow each other year by year in the order indicated. A.D. 1600 to A.D. 1700 1. (1893) [Shakespeare to Dryden.] 2. A.D. 1700 to A.D. 1800 (1894) [Pope to Cowper] 3. A.D. 1800 to A.D. 1832 (1895) [Nineteenth Century writers to the death of Scott.] 4. A.D. 1360 to A.D. 1600 (1896) [Chaucer to Spenser. | The Examination in this part will require from Candidates a more minute acquaintance with the history of the English language and literature, as illustrated in the chief works produced in each period, and will be based to a considerable ‘extent, bul by no means exclusively, on certain books specified each year by the ’ CIVIL SERVICE COMMISSION : [AUGUST, general character of the literary development of the period, and consequently the natural limits of the Examination. All the works of Shakespeare, for example, will be regarded as falling within the first period ; all the works of Swift within the second ; all the works of Scott and Wordsworth within the third. French Language and Literature.—Translation from French in from English into French; Critical questions on the French Literature. to English, and Language and German Language and Literature.—As in French. Latin Language and Literature.—Translation from Latin into English; Com- d position in Prose and Verse (in the place of the latter may be taken, by those who prefer it, a paper of questions on Latin Philology). Critical Questions on the Latin Language and Literature, Greek into English. ay be taken, by those who prefer it, a paper of questions on Greek Philology). Critical Questions on the Greek Language and Literature. Sanskrit Language and Literature.—Translation from Sanskrit into English, and from English into Sanskrit. History of Sanskrit Literature (including knowledge of such Indian history as bears upon the subject); Sanskrit Grammar; Vedie Philology. as in Sanskrit; History of Arabic Literature ; Arabic Grammar ; Arabic Prosody. English History.— General questions on English History from A.D. 800 to A.D. 1848; questions on the Constitutional History of England from A.D. 800 to A.D. 1848. Questions covering the whole period named will be set, but Candidates will be allowed to attempt only a limited number of them, General Modern History.— Candidates may, at their choice, be examined in any one of the following periods :— 1. From the accession of Charlemagne to the Third Crusade. [A.D. 800 to A.D. 1193.] 2. From the Third Crusade to the Diet of Worms, [A.D. 1193 to A.D. 1521.7 2. From the Diet of Worms to the death of Louis XIV. [A.D. 1521 to A.D. 1715.) 4. From the accession of Louis XV. [A.D. 1715 to A.D. 1848.7] to the French Revolution of 1848. Periods 8 and 4 will include Indian History. Greek History.—Questions on the General History of Greece to the death of Alexander; questions on the Constitutional History of Greece during the same period. Roman History.—Questions on the General History of Rome to the death of Vespasian ; questions on the Constitutional History ‘of Rome during the same period. In Greek and Roman History candidates will be expected to show a knowledge of the original authorities, Questions covering the whole period named will be set, but candidates will be allowed to attempt only a limited number of them. * The books for 1893 are :— Shakespeare—King Lear; Twelfth N ight. Milton—Poems (exclusive of Paradise Lost ” ang “ Paradise Regained.’ ’) Habington ; Herbert ; Vaughan ; Cartwright; Crashaw ; Cowley; (selections in Humphry Ward’s « English Poets Ye Herrick— (Palgrave’s Selections). Dryden—Hind and Panther. Bacon—New Atlantis ; Milton : Tract on Ed ucation and Areopagitica ; Cowley’s Essays ; Dryden : Essay on Dramatic Poetry, 3 d Geo- : Geometry (Euclid an ; thematics :— Algebra, ) etry (less Mathemats Be Eo Yoh Trigonometry, Plane I ls osteo a Differential Calculus (Elementary), advanced p ’ i atics, Geo- (Elementary). : J ics of a Particle, Hydrosta ) : ics :—Statics, Dynamics t tial or Amu. a al nid oral the aid of the Differenti meri ’ ’ Integral Calculus. . Higher Algebra, including atics.—Pure Mathematics : —Hig : ial Calculus, fiend tm and Spherical Trigonometry y al Solid. a na Differential Equations, Analytical Geome ry ) Detain of 4 ntegral (x ? ‘ ics, including Attractions, \ : :—Statics, including . hysical A a lo, Rigid. gy Hydromechanics, Geometrical and Phy cle, . 3 Or and Geometrical Astronomy. 31 be’ enpeated’ vo gical Economy and Boonemie Biota) on ContiinLes o> text-books ; also a Poké e of economic theory as treated in iho ye methods as applied possess 3 DE ionine economic conditions, and of He i 1 of the history of Ine knowledge o in uiries ; together with a general Enowls Tetngdon, 8 on ft, and economic legislation, in the Unite A Lis ltisth ic and Mental Philosophy (Ancient and Modern). —Logic wi ogie a e . ductive and Inductive Logic. tvsics i Mental Philosophy will include Pychology and Metaphy 10 IVIL CIVIL SERVICE COMMISSION : [AUGUST b Time Table of" the Written Examination. Day. | Hour. Subject . te : Sm ————————_————— uesday, 1st August, 2pm. to 5p... . | English Composit; sition. Wednesday, 2nd ,, : 0AM. tol p.m. P.M. to 5 P.M... 10 Am. | Engli M. to 1 p.m. English Language and Litera- | English History. Thursday, 8rd of 1 : { 2 P.M. to 5 p.u. ; { 10 Am. to 1 po, ig 2pm to po, 10 Am i { ble by bn) P.M. Latin Language and Literature PD y : ir ..| Roman History. : : { a le Poy “il Roman History. | aL 3 +. | Greek Language and Literature. L { Friday, 4th ih Tuesday, sth wr : P.M. to 6 P.M. ., Latin Laneou: : Saturday, 5th guage and Literature, Monday, 7th « Greek Language and Literature. 10 AM. to 1 pur, 2PM to 5 pM.,, 10 AM to 1 pum, 2 PM. to 5 P.M... 10 A.M. to 1 p.u, 2PM to5 py... 10 A.M. to 1 pu, 2PM. to 5 PM... { 10 Am. to 1 pu. 2PM toh pM... Tuesday, 15th 5 10 a.m. tol pm. | 22M to 5p... Advanced Mathematics. Wednesday, 16th, .. J A.M. to 1 pr. Ua P.M to 5p. .. érman. Thursday, Wik, .. 10 A.M. to | p.m, 2PM. to 5p... General Modern History. Friday, 18th ; 10 A.M. to 1 Pp... 2PM to 5p... Political Economy. Saturday, 19th 10 A.M. to. 1 p.m. : 2PM to 5p... Logic and Mental Philosophy. Monday, 21st i“ 10 AM. to 1 pu. 2 P.M. to 5 par... Moral Philosophy. Tuesday, 22nd % 4 10 AM. to 1 pu, 2PM to 5 pu... Political Science. Wednesday, 23rd FE ) 0 A.M. to | Pu, R P.M. t0 5 Py... oman Law. Thursday, 24th |, 10 A.M. to 1 pu. 2» M. to 5 p.m... English Law. s 1 J oI Friday, 25th ; AM. to 1 p.m. : memonjaty Chemistry *Elementary Physics. an 2 pa. Hi Y | hysics, and Sebinies Ay M. to 5 P.M... *Higher Clamins mn Y, 26th ,, .. AM. tol pM. Hic onsuy. ’ dom tor Higher Paysics. -M. P.M... Sanskrit. Mond.y, 28th hie. 10 AM. to 1 p.m. 2PM. to5PM... - *Botany. Arabic, Wedn: sday, Yth » Greek H istory. Thursday, 10th ,, F rench, Friday, 11th Mathema'ics Pur: and Applied. Saturday, 12th "ww Mathematics Pure and Applied. Mouday, 14th Advanced Mathematics. N.B.—In addition to ] : . the Written E. nati in Tira add i ‘Nn Lixamination there will b 0 nati 0 Frau i Sem 5 and in _each subject marked a A fii g ny Candidate who has not received hig Order oy 0 he 2 " 2d hi ral or fore dhisnding for the paper in it rz When givin 'S written paper. The Oral and considerably later than the Written ie Sate of Maar Cuntaton be Jot The Oral Examinati i g minations in Modern Languages being intended as colloquial tests | dq ) no marks will be given at t! ) De ELM Aem to Candidates wiio are not : yes : Bliss) il Jo decline the Colloquial Tests in oe ures ar : in any subject, and has not already signified is ich fhe § in his 1898.] INDIA CIVIL SERVICE :—OPEN COMPETITION. 11 rn list of selected subjects, he is requested to communicate at once with “The Secretary, Civil Service Commission, London, S.W. Notices. 1. Candidates must, before proceeding to the Examination Room, leave, in a room provided for the purpose, their hats, overcoats, umbrellas, and any books or papers which they may have brought with them. 2. The Examination on paper will, in each case, begin at the hour indicated in the annexed Time Table. Candidates failing to attend punctually will forfeit their right to be examined. 3. No Candidate may quit the Examination Room until the expira'ion of half an hour from the time fixed for the commencement of the paper on which he is engaged. 4. No Candidate who has left the Examination Room during the hours assigned to paper work may return to the paper which he has quitted without special + permission, obtained before he leaves the room. In such cases the Com- missioners will decide whether marks can be allotted. 5. Perfect silence must he preserved in the Examination Room ; and any Candidate guilty of disorderly or improper conduct in or about the Room will be liable to exclusion from the Examination. 6. Any Candidate detected in the Examination Room in the possession of a book, manuscript, or other article brought with him for assistance, or in copying trom the papers of any other Candidate, or in permitting his own pavers to be copied, or in giving or attempting to give, or in obtaining or attempting to obtain assistance of any description, will be thereby dis- qualified, and he will not be admitted to any subsequent Examination held under the direction of the Civil Service Commissioners. 7. During the whole of the Examination, each Candidate wi'l be designated by the number assigned to him on the annexed Time Table, and he must write this number (not his name) on every book or separate she t of paper which he sends in. 8. Any Candidate who is dissatisfied with the is requested to apply to the Supetintende those who prefer any particular kind of pen are reco with them. 9. The resnlt of the Examination will be communicated by letter to each Candidate, probably about a month after the conclusion of the Examination. The successful Candidates will be required to attend in London, immediately after examined, of exercising this announcement, for the purpose of being medically their choice of Presidency, and of receiving instructions as to the special studies to be pursued during their year of probation. A Table of Marks will also be published, tozether with a reprint of the Examination Papers, about a fortnight after the result is declared, and may then be obtained through any bookseller. pens, ink, or paper supplied to him nt of the Examination Room ; but mmended to bring it CiviL SERVICE COMMISSION, canyon Row, Lonpoxn, S.W., July, 1893. ations in the Modern Languages were held between the 24th ates inclusive), and Practical Examinations in Chemistry, * * The Oral Examin th August and lst September (both and 28th August (both d Physics, Geology, and Botany, between the 25 dates inclu-ive). CIVIL SERVICE COMMISSION : Examination Papers. ENGLISH COMPOSITION. Write an essay on one of the following subjects : 1. The guarantees for permanence and progress offered y modern as compared with ancient civilization. Or, 2. The art of Biography and its masterpieces. Or 3. Fiction has no business beautiful than reality. Or, 4. The influence of Terminology on the progress of the Natural Sciences. > to exist unless it is more Your Composition should fill not less than two pages; but it will be valued rather by the than the quantity of what you write. In this paper special attention should be writing, spelling, Joolscap quality ) paid to hand- punctuation, grammar, and style. SANSKRIT (1). A, Translate into English four of the Jollowing passages, at least one of which must be a Vedic one (viz. either No. V. or VI.) :— L agar § RY farst fgarfea | TOA WHET Wat lagamadig ffag wed Tra aw wyaEr gam | |AUGusT, N. 13 1893.] INDIA CIVIL SERVICE :—OPEN COMPETITIO AAT YZYETE F FAT ACATTHA | afr & wfEdr gi Fq@ds TA sya@ afaEtfd Bgl FAFE@AT | 5 fg $4 q4 WAT TA qfarEas | g@rfy say & vada @Eg | gq awsfa aria aa arTAArAAI | fea a97 §Y guEHAA a91 | Tgifa wfc: Turia = a9rf@ 9 ¥ JEEEatar agar araq Ear frat wraafrgTfE ATT TAT «| faar wat «1 gw @afa Tga=a | oq: ACH G19 &F THA FAAEHEAT | a wrasfe ax gfafaaawat @fq o grmTaTAg TRAY aan fagwt aera fafear | Tow Wi WY FIA WAT ATA AAT A YWAT wiaafa Aur FETUrAfG wHI@Et A 9 W «ar qa fastufa | | QTY It a dfMada Fa faarew w Eat wd Ramayana (both recensions). =~ ufoar 1 : T # wa wuwrEd =fq qr IFW ARS TET ATEq | comm. CIVIL SERVICE COMMISSION : IL FFT 1 39 | ware Awroafy | =gfear marry fa TAT gARIT HATTIE SHTEAfAETIT ewTaE dy | 1 ref: arergrarfa wR TTAT II 93TF AY | FIT qITHIOA( Da: I fa fawm gamma ww ww Td TAT WIT | RUEW | TAMHHIW IR | AE Tre Crom ar fx 9 a afifNar a wrowEy wfwaauta agrfy ai wfwefafufcs afagu 3 wafT ¥ ux 79r 73y STAT: | TURE: | AREY genni? sit | aur fa TIT frgmgeTaRaRaY: ferremfmaete adigagy | awTficy ffrafday fearac ; ARITA vay wfaarfoay star FYI WW R=: | SumAt way SHY | SUE I fiat Tq TAT | wage qATATINTAT; | nN SHY IRSA TINA Cra rR fy 0 ued fasta 1 wre [AUGuUST, 1893.] INDIA CIVIL SERVICE :—OPEN COMPETITION. 15 Tor 1 fad rEeREaTS gaugTarE Era e- Grad | AQ || 2d FIATH, | HIT argig (= nT) sfwag- far fufgar | TwwErasfw | W@W FUT OW gfeg€Ela: | TIAT I TE ATH | fi awe | WISTAFAT WLEAA TUTATRIGATA_ «FY # gre HET 9 q&a’ safufan: | Te I 39 | WHT 49H ufaEET | wea: fa. IIL. wi ¥ egg IEearas ” $f | agar at ¥ TR gE ¥ feng | 3 ud Ar fanes Malavikagnimitra. CREE URL RI ELEUEC IEEE femme fafed aw: wfaa games: 0 q THHRAT fU=T I TH UN: TH Auf raw? | fg araaT@ aft gyn fafed a: wfaua sarge fai | wf fr | “EIT Be WTEATE EwAd | WE I FE I@ATY- afawfa | wf av wea: ard wfanfa” garfggfa: sAmR | fesfturame UR « fan niafed | gq wufAd UH zeastaf@ifeam: fread ud Rua Wi W)E RAW YHISE FTA: nyfadrsfn: gamfarfEa 9 wfEd 19 | ga § famdaray syfga: | YREAAFARA AR AAAF: | FANART AAG: BEAT AS 0 geRaEs Tes: | § fae Tefaged ged (gaa | JeRe- HES ag TNATRIETTREEfaIIRE § Rif FEET wefitm: | Sg WfEar Sufgary TEAUEAT ATE AT GAA HEATAT: WAT FAT: | IV. CIVIL SERVICE COMMISSION : [AUGUST, HART ATH 54 faemaar | Aa figma fomnfes Sifreesa A (GUT wg gH EArETewufean | f& agaw fag fos fiers wfgwwQui aes 1 1 Raghuvamsa with Mallinatha’s Comm. Sffaefie sweaqAr stmw: Affe wf 1 8 9 pASaInEH ten: San- fafga: | asm warwESt awfa | wefan FfEfgdta: aga: 1 &@ WT | JW |@1 Adige gATSE AUT | HIAANRHH ITAA | NY a9 7 fawd sar aftumaran gHTETe- ATTY Arifafea: | am maw afe nwa wy Teersfa za: | wed after w= 1 @isfu ATgaRArgINat arf # da sugfeams faurg ara dfagw iy of@ws: | 59 72- frRTHW qa: SfesriE gga aa DEN: | MATA JHARUFTTE quer Ta: | "stu sugrEEAfiad fms aw fagranamoTmi Setgfeamifaa Tere an at stu F%ewya fam: awinTOAYRE | |W; sfa aramgs: uwfa aramHlY Fouad Ha ary satgfearaft famfeefa | @ gg afs- TAA | FAA TA fd AGS Eat ganfafed wr wer aqsaw wsfa aa: FET ARIFAT TAAR | AAT AAT WITYFAS- THT AIIAAGIGAH | AATE Fhe HUATYTL- Aref: u . Pafichatuntra 1893. ] INDIA ClVIL SERVICE .—OPEN COMPETITION. V gurds quad: gaaeaary | oi wif: game 31 fa atafa arg faviwan AT Iw ESAs gad | iq 36 AAA gfe fea gm S=Ry fa Iy on wife \iget Isa gfeafe: | rae Een ant ge fate fave fe ara sae A fa aged gait a1 At TF gga fnafe afa fw @&w Iq 91s f 957 afgT AGE I Ae dg ggat wad 99 3 St pai T= famiRal = dg SRdAASTARWITI=A | [TET ul MAECIEFE ATE AH FAH | TET TAT WG: uf WET SEA | an At of frat guwegst Ag GREE 3 fafs mez: gd Sad geLsad AE | ara: WT wha jaf TT: ER wat 8 weg wren fa Egat fea ou il TEATS gq gfe: AE MAAC: I | A [an dear farvadi ma fate afasthiiu d gad faagdd wf & aiwdfa=ata o ¥ ik ? Rig-veda. (9720) thought to himself, “ How can I sho 18 CIVIL SERVICE COMMISSION : VI I J yr age a = ore gare am AEA! Aq MEAmEA TifgcaERs hE FARA SR 0 TATA ® av © Wa ATHY I91 | § MRF Afadw ferfafa® | a FA: Rew WE gare waar wiefdfafay « @ wiagRy | ars wR fan gw 33 ara aren 0 war @ TN w|i Ww LITE Aen fen | | | MustanfaTs ie dx fara 39 0| fare Hl ASAE Fhfaegrefifefin 7 @rg:) ew TTY wire: FAIRY: AN AAA AYHTAT: FHT aresfugfafa 'g fag wa | § wa fa q Td IW gwat wrAtAguTg naw | WHA IAAqqE AR 0" qT | GY q09G | Fanafes Aanfefans 1 53 gam AAT SUEY gf & aa tf 0 Aw og Aa Ta am: HI | § € AA TI WIAA AAT Free Raut fean=ifa Satapatha-Brikmana. B. Tra nslate into Sanskrit (prose, or verse, or partly the one and partly the other): — ha J sh city there lived a king named Vilisagila Fhe bu } aim of great beauty, and dear to him as ite. Now, In course of time, seeing old age a : ming upon him, he became sorely distressed, and W to the queen my [AUGUsT, ; i | E § : E 1893.] INDIA CIVIL SERVICE :—OPEN COMPETITION. 19 face, disfigured by grey hair, like a frost-bitten lotus ?” Having summoned to his court a physician, Taruna- chandra by name, he courteously addressed him thus: “My good friend, knowing that you are clever and devoted to me, I ask you whether you know any means whereby this old age may be kept away from me 2” On hearing this, the sly fellow reflected, “I must take advantage of this fool of a king.” So he replied, “ May it please your Majesty, if for eight months you will stay alone in an underground chamber (say, earth-house), and take a drug which I shall give you, I will thereby remove your old age.” Delighted with these words, the king forthwith caused an underground chamber to be pre- pared, and, heedless of the remonstrances of his counsel- lors, went to live in it, attended by a single servant belonging to the physician. When six months had expired, the wicked physician, seeing that his master’s senility had increased, procured a young man who some- what resembled the king in appearance. Having dug a- secret, passage to the underground chamber, they then killed the king, threw his corpse into an old well, and closed the passage up again. On the following day he took the ministers to the door of the subterranean chamber, and said, “ Behold, the king made young again!” SANSCRIT (2). Not more than twelve questions to be answered ; and not more than six wn ether section. A. HisTOrRY OF SANSKRIT LITERATURE. 1. Describe the four Vedas, showing the relations they bear to one another. 9. What is the character and the importance of the Pratisakhyas and of the Nirukta ? 3. Mention the most important native Vedic com- mentators. Discuss their value and the attitude of European Vedic scholars towards ther. (9720) B 2 20 * CIVIL SERVICE COMMISSION : [AvcusT, 4. Is there any reason to suppose that certain books of the Rigveda are of more recent origin than others ? State all the evidence bearing on the question with which you are acquainted. 5. Trace the rise and growth of grammatical science in India. What is the relation of Panini to post- Vedic literature ? 6. Discuss the origin of the Sanskrit drama and the Possibility of Greek influence on jts development. Name the chief Indian dramatists and some of their works. 7. Mention the principal philosophical systems and their founders : and briefly characterise two of them. 8. Give some account of the chief Sanskrit prose works of fiction, 9. State what you know of the Ramayana, its recensions, and the theories that have been advanced as to its origin, 10. What is meant by Bhakti? Mention the chief works and teachers connected with this phase of belief and speculation, B. SANSKRIT GRAMMAR AND VEDIC PHILOLOGY. 1. Point out the most important respects in which the euphonic rules of the Rigveda differ from those of classical Sanskrit. 2. Specify any moods and tenses which the Veda m possess in addition to those e Compare the two phases of t the forms of the infinitive oc ay xisting in classical Sanskrit. he language with regard to curring in them. _ 3. Describe the various accents employed in the Rigveda. “Do you know any other system of Vedic accentuation ? Write out in Devanagari characters the following accented stanza from the Rigveda, both in its Samhita and its Pada form -_ ushd-usho hi vaso dgram éshi, tvdm yamdyor abhavo vibhiva : ritdya saptd dadhishe padini ; Jandyan mitrim tanve sviyali. 0 ho 3 Si er A i CE i he E 4 Sa of ® i i i “(6 i, RL LH Lie oi i He i$ o 2 id ray b {ri ie id €: E Rh 3h X. 21 1893.] INDIA CIVIL SERVICE :—OPEN COMPETITION 4. Describe any three metres, Vedic or classical. futures (Lut and 5. C re the uses of the two Lrit) — the cases in which one of them cannot be used. 6. Show by examples what constructions may be used with ®t, ATE, and SEH. if you wished t constructions could you use if yo to a what would rns ih Ne , to take place ; (b), what wou ) aa huh a or had not, taken place ? Give examples. 8. Skow, by examples, in what different ways the fulinitive may be construed with the word wag; and with what words the infinitive may be compounded. 9. Give (at least six) compound vats yale different case-forms are retained in the firs : ~ x, and explain the words JUN, ATASKY, » fw uA, #arw, gfis=d, noting any irregularity wg ’ ’ 2 of formation. 10. Comment on the following sentences :— (a) WTNTAAT FEWAt ¥ wa fAfEat agate (b) afage= faFd=aTge: oT i (c.) wear f¥ a uru F¢ AT LRUW | (d.) urged 4d wf () wwE: wIfvATH urd rar fam | (f) w LL! aad so 1893.] INDIA CIVIL SERVICE :—OPEN COMPETITION. 25 sketch her features, Charlotte not disapproving ; the men of law proceed with their formalities. The doom is death as a murderess. To her Advocate she gives thanks; in gentle phrase, in high-flown classical spirit. ARABIC (2). (GRAMMAR, LITERATURE AND PROsODY. [Full marks may be gained by answering any 9 questions, of which at least 3 must be answered on Grammar, at least 3 on Literature, and at least 1 on Prosody. Not more than 9 to be answered altogether. GRAMMAR. 1. Give the rules for the gender of nouns, illus- trating each by two or three examples. 9. What classes of nouns and adjectives are diptote ? Give one or two examples of each. 3. Explain the terms 4. What are the rules which govern the number and case of a noun qualified by a cardinal number ? - 5. Under what circumstances is the jussive mood used? Quote or compose sentences to illustrate your answer. 6. State the rules as to the concord in gender and number between the predicate and the subject in a verbal sentence. LITERATURE. 1. In what works are the chief relics of Pre- Mohammedan poetry preserved?! Give the names of some of the Pre-Mohammedan poets, with approximate dates. 26 CIVIL SERVICE COMMISSION : [AUGuUST, 2. Describe the poems of Aby 'l-Ala El-Ma‘arri, and Ibn EI-F arid, and name the chief patrons of El-Muta- nabbi. 3. What is the nature of the subjects discussed in works on gulf J so! (‘Principles of Jurisprudence ’) ? Give the names of the most authoritative of these treatises. 4. Give the names of the authors, the dates, and Some account of the contents of the following works :— 5. Who was the first writer of eoslelic? In what respects did later performances in this style show im- provement! What do you consider to be the chief defects of these compositions ? 6. Can any progress be traced in the historical writing of the Arabs? Give the names and dates of the leading representatives of different styles. Prosopy. 1. Explain the following lines :— be dud SI rt one, 11 Iria we Jil sa Tas Bs pried, J—esy oy, Jase aly orally a, 2. Enumerate the chief poetic licenses, GREEK. (1.) (TrANsLATION.) Tronslate into English — L “ANN érel ody 8) épya kd’ &uuabey, odx éfehiae » 3 Id 3 \ / \ A pyov emoixeo fas, AAG TrdTowy Kard Sov Bodheras airifwy Béorew WW yacrép’ dvalrov. N. 27 1893.] INDIA CIVIL SERVICE :—OPEN COMPETITIOX IAN € 20éw, 70 8¢ kal Tereheouévov otal aN’ €k ToL €pEW, TO Y . at kK ENOp mpds Sdpat '0Bugarfios fe : moA\d of audi kdpn oPéha dvdpiv éx Bdfd mhevpal dmorpifovat i kaze *Qs ¢pdro, kai mapiav Naf i id pe loxie: ov0€ pw ékros Groprinds Sore : ev, 2 dN’ éuev’ aopaléws. 6 5% pepper Odvoo Ne peratéas pomdie éx Buy Ehorre, ; 3 wpos yn é\doeie kdpn dpupovdis adpes. AN’ émerdunaoe, ppeai 8 éoyero. vou dé Tans velkea” éodvra ida, péya & eifaro X€ipas ay “ NYudar kpnraial, kovpat Bubs, « wor Odvooevs opp’ émt pumpl €kne, kalvas whow Ss apvav }8° épidwr, T68€ pot Rprheer 4 wp, as €Nfou pev kewos amp, dydyor 8é ¢ Safpur D U acas. 7¢ «€ ToL dylalas ye Siaokeddoeiey am IL. SOKPATHS. ’Ev drag 87) ToUTOLS 0 TOLOUTOS VIr0 7éy wos € os OOKEL, TA MOMMY kaTwyeNaTaL, To. Mev VTEPNPAVLS éxom, és doket, ’ 3 0 é Ww dyvodv Te Kal év EKATTOLS ATOPY. : Ree L A jueva. \éyels, @ ®EOAQPOS. Ilavramact Ta ‘YLyvou ’ SwKrpaTes. IF ye : 50. Oray 8¢ yé Two. avrds, @& Pike, e\kvoy ave, Kai i ee Ye dears Ti éya o¢ adikd 7) ov éfeMjoy Tis avrg ékBivar éx Tov Ti ey ii ; : adr jyns TE kal adikilas, TL TE éué, els ok&pw avm)s Sikaioouv) wd : L nN aA] apéperoy ékdrepoy adrow kal TL Téy wavTey 1) AANjAwy dép ov, Tél Vv Ypuoiov ) ek 700 Bi Bacieds eddaipwy kektnuévos molv Xp g ing i {vns OA pdatpovias kai abAio- Bac elas mépL kai dvfpamivys ows evoaip i mL TRE {w T€ Twe TOV Kal Tiva Tpémov avbpdmov TNTOS EML TKEYLWY, TOL wea ) orke. 70 pév krmoacba avrow, 10 i Soe wor L 0 D 8én Aoyor duddvac Tow \ Toltwy amdvTov Otay av O€) Aoy Gn ; y { Sowdy kal dukavikdv, maw TKpoY €kewoy THY Yuxny Kat OPLLY wy v 3 ms 1m08(0 + yyar te dp vmlot ad ro dvriorpoda dmodibwow yy | kpepac els het BNémawv peréwpos dvwler Smo anleias ddy- Hn fe ot i rai BapBapilwy yé\wra Opdrrais pév b Faptue. bis alo dradedTw oddevl, od yap aiofdvovrar, Tois 8 évavriws 7) dg avdpamddois Tpadeiow dmracw. IIL ] AITTZ@O0%. mdpeor’ dp’ Huiv Gore kaudavy ualely ; g HAEKTPA. wdpeor fra ral paX’ dinhos féa. ! i AL 7) moMa yaipew pu’ eras ovr elwforws. HA. xaipows dv, € oot XapTa TUYXdvoL TdSE. AL ovyav dvwya, kdvaSewvivas milag y wo Mvknvaiowrw *Apyeiois @ opav, os € Tis adrdv E\rlow kevals mdPOs éénper’ dvdpds r0vde, viv 0p&Y vekpOV oT Séxnrar dud, unde mods Biav €uov Kolao Tod TpooTuX WY diay Ppévas. \ 8 ~ HA. kai 83) rehelras én’ éuod- TO Yap Xpove ¢ ~ ¥y & v ¢ ~ ig coXov, woTe Tupndépew Tois Kpeloooaw, ~ 2! Al. @ Zed, 8é8opka dpdop’ dvev POovov pév ov / : bJ Y ¥ : TEMTWKOS" €i §' meat Néueas, ob Ayo. ~ ~ / 3 Xehate wav kdhvup' dn’ opfarudv, Srws \ / TO ovyyevés Tou kam €uod Bprvav Tiyy. IV. a 3 A émord 0 pév & ; hoTofieros TQ Kev epyw éru ém aupdrepa exwy Kal 3 laoko 7 nN 2 ~ i . Tv aver e, To 8 éudaver rére Moy olk épm dmdge : Tv otpatidy. €& yap €iSévar Sri *Abmyat ; J Mier ¥ Pp €evar or. "Abnpvaior ocddv radra | QUK amo0€EEOVTAL WOTE M1) adTd Kk) avroy Yndioauévor 4 t v Kai yap ov Tavs adrod lo9al a Soe , i Ss Ynpietodai re wepl oi adrev kal TQ mod \ ~ plypare WOTEP Kai avrol Spdvras Kal odk G\\ww é 3 /’ mTpNoeL akovoarras yvéoerlou, aN é€ Sv dy ris €3 / ’ 3 y yu SwaBdANot, éx Tovrwy avrods weloerfar. Toy Te aT ~ ApovTeY oTpaATILTOY ToMOUS Kal Tos mhelovs Edm, of viv - ¢ 3 ~~ oy Bodow ds év Sewois dures, éxeiore dpikopévovs b} Tavayvrio 1893.] INDIA CIVIL SERVICE :—OPEN COMPETITION. 29 \ \ Bojoealar as vmo xppdTwy KaTampodovTes oi TTPATYYOL y ~ Id \ ami\dov. ovkovr Bovheobar avTds ye EMLOTAUEVOS TOS Aya j 2’ aloxpd Te alia kal ddikws vw Abnaloy ¢ioes em aioxpg T g IKWS | ~ ~ ’ ~ *Abnvaiwv dmoléofar palhov A Omd Tév moleulwy, el Oe, / ~ ~ ANd ’ ’ y cwSvredoas Tovto mabey dla. 7d Te Svpakooiwv €py ¥ ~ , 2 ’ \ ’ \ Spas én foow TGV operépwr evar: XpNpact yap avrovs A o £evotpodoivTas Kal €v mepuroliols dpa dvaligkovras, Kal \ \ ¥y 3 \ ¥ Id \ \ 3 ”~ JauTIkOV TONY €rL éviavtov 10m BOTKovTas, Ta. EV ATOPEL, » 5 ra 8 &r dunxamjoew: Sioxiha yap Tdlavra, 10n avelw- kévas kok rt TOMA mpoooel\ew, fv Te kal oTovv ékNiTWaL ns vv 2s T@ pn ud ) fepeiat is viv wapackevils 7G pi) OuWbdrar Tpodn, POepetobac ~ 3 9 / : adréy TO mpdypara, émukoupukd pallor i) d avaykms ¢ 2 Z 0 Womep TO. TPETepa ovra. &, ~ Ore Mdprake keir év dardalée, ¥ / 9 / / 0 ~ ’ AC dveuds T° épdpel pw wvéwy kumbewoa Te Aipva, Seipa mpoaeipme TOT obk ddudvTolot Tapelals, dui Te Tepaéi Bde pikav xép’, elmév 7 @ TEKOS, ° ¥ ’ \ 3 ~ olov éxw mévov: ov O dwTels® n 70. °° ’ 3 9 ~ yalabOnre Mabel kvoooels ev aTepmel /’ / dovpart yahkeoyoudo, ’ 3. 3 ~ / o / A ’ N yuk 7 dNaumel kvavéw Te OvoPe KaTaheLs dpa & Umeplev Tedv kopav Pabeiav SS. 3. 4 mapLdvros kbparos ovk dAéyels, 000 avEpwy $0Syyov, mopPupéq /’ 9 ’ ’ \ /’ KELLEVOS €V xAavio, TPOT WTOV k\ibév mpoogamy. bh} ’ \ / \ » ei 8¢ Tou Sewdv 14 ye Sewov nv, ’ S.A" e ’ \ € ~ 5 kai kev éudv pypdTev \emTOV UTELXES OVAS. kéhopas &', edde Bpéos, evdérw d¢ mdvros, ’ evdérw O, ApoTOV KAKOV. CIVIL SERVICE COMMISSION : [AUGUST, VI y » ~ lows ody 1év ovmydpwr VTE TOMwfoEL Tis elmeiy, \ \ ~ ~ [KpOY TO mpayua moldr, Gs oder dy map’ éva dvfpwmrop 9 ’ , €YEVETO TOUTWY* kal ov aioyvvovral TowavTnY dmoloyiav ’ \ ec A 31% 2 / A 3 ’ 3 Tolovpevol mpos vuds, €d’ 3 Suwkaiws dv dmobdvorer. \ \ e ~ \ ~ Kev yap opoloyovor tiv marpida adrow €k\irely, T0DTO ’ ~ ~ ~ TVYX@pnoavres duds édrwoar Siayvéva mepl Tov peyéfovs. 3 So OA de ’ / 3 ’ /’ ~ € 0 ols under Tovrwy memoinker, od pavia 81 mov Todo /z e 3 \ a ~ ~ Aéyew os oder dv €y€évero mapa Tovrov; nyovpar 8 éyawye, 3» ¥y . -~ 2 ® avdpes, Todvavrior Tovrous, mapa TobTov evar 17 mole \ ’ \ ~ ™Y Cotypiav. n yap mwé\is oikeiTal Kars, ™v lav éxdoTov powpay dvharrouérm: Grav ody TaUTYY €P’ Eds Tis Tapidy, ’ ~ \ AeMpbev éavrov é’ dmdvrwr Toro TETOKAS. KkaiTol pdSidy > 5, ¥ \ A €TTW, @ dvdpes, wpds Tas TOW apxaiwr vopolerdr Siavolas 3 / \ 3 ’ 4 ~ 3d ~ \ 3 ~ \ amoB\éfavras Ty dhijfeiar EUPEW. €KEWOL Yap ob TQ piv ékatov Tdavra kNpavr. Odvarov éralav, 14 8 Séxa S \ I\ 3 ’ : 15a 2 \ ’ e . ’ Paxpas eharrov emiripiov: 008é TOV pév peydia Lepoaulij- 9 / \ \ Ty ’ / 3 / oavTa amekTewav, Tov 8¢ uikpa drow TYpwpie éxdralov- DOE \ \ > ./ 5 ’ 5 ’ 3 ’ \ \ OVOe TOV pev oiketny amoktelvavra dpyvple émuioww, Tov Se ? ~ ~ é\evlepor elpyor Tow vopipwr: AN Suoiws ém moor ral ~ 701s é\axioTols mapavoprpact Odvaroy wpioay evar mp {pilav GREEK. (2.) (Composition. ) For Greek Prose -— L But Junius “begs me to believe, that he measures the integrity of men by their conduct, not by their pro- fessions.” Surely this Junius must imagine his readers as void of understanding as he is of modesty! Where shall we find the standard of Ass integrity ? By what are we to measure the conduct of this lurking assassin ? And he says this to me, whose conduct, whenever I could personally appear, has been as direct, and open, and public as my words. I have not, like him, concealed myself in 1893.] INDIA CIVIL SERVICE :(—OPEN COMPETITION. 31 t the window ; nor hamber, to shoot my arrows ou ia myself to view the battle from afar; but pub- i i in the engagement, and shared the risks. To er has nH been exposed which I haze os faced ? Information—action—imprisonment, or ig What labour have I refused? What expense 9 "i clined? What pleasure have I not renounce Su Junius, to whom no conduct belongs, Dea the in- tegrity of men by their conduct, not by their professions — himself all the while being nothing but professions, and those, too, anonymous. II. For Greek Verse :— ! : ; : trendly laster rebukes unjustly his page Bellario, who 1s rea er ay who i and serves ham faithfully.) PaiL Fear’st thou not death ? : temn that ? : BELL. i Oh, what boy is he Can be content to live to be a man That sees the best of men thus passionate, ithout reason ? PHIL. a Oh, but thou dost not know hat ’tis to die. BELL. sl Yes, I do know, my lord: "Tis less than to be born: a lasting sleep : A quiet resting from all jealousy: A thing we all pursue. I know, besides, It is but giving over of a game That must be lost. ; PHIL, But there are pains, false boy, For perjured souls: think but on these, and then Thy heart will melt, and thou wilt utter all. BELL. May they all fall upon me whilst I live If I be perjured, or have ever thought that vou charge me with. OF Buby B BEAUMONT AND FLETCHER. CIVIL SERVICE COMMISSION : [AUuausT * 2 111. GREEK PHILOLOGY, as ALTERNATIVE TO GREEK VERSE CoMPoSITION, Ll. Give a brief account of the theory of Ablaut or Vowel Scales, as it is generally held at present especially in connection with Greek. Mention any- thing peculiar or irregular in the vocalism of 3 opos, wdlbos, Bpords, Baive. So . Wy tee a history of oo in Greek. Discuss its relation 0 77 In Attic, spoken and written, Explain drra. . Wow is bos A i the cause of the distinction ong” and “weak” cages j ; ; es In noun- | iu 0 . : eg ¢ Show how far this distinction ig 5 ained in Greek, marking any differences between omeric and late Greek in this respect. . The accusative plural of -o stems appears in the forms vs, -0Us, -ois, -0up, -ws, -os, Assign these forms to their dial oO | A rs lalects, and explain the cause of the : ve account of the terminations -ygg 0s (ad ” : ov : : verbial), -ra ag in {rrora, “Tpa, -atar (8rd plural =QTO0s. P pe. » . Discuss— y . ( a) The optative present forms of verbs in -€w (6) The Homeric 70S, JexTo, Kéerau, i What is the Homeric form of Seldw ? . Write a short history of Greek aorist forms, 8. a the identifications of wapbévos, virgo ; Kio ads eaera ; vOetos, sodalis; Geds, deys - Ao : ayalds, good ; HAE Tulea es Stil yg ; MAékTwp, Vulcanus ; Ipoundey ” mantha. pe : Al ne and explain the words dderdiSods, avoarova, akeyewds, Bdoews, @od, elpapras . Translate and explain— | a / \ 3 / ~ (a) Suadéicrov Hev ovv pelos él perpetra Swaomipar, TQ Aeyouéve Sud mévre og éyyiora, oY OpYyaviky Te Kal WSiky) mod Lit OVIKT) TE Kal guy) podoa Swaoripact re XPrTaL Aeioow, od 74 Sua mévre pSvoy Dion. HAL, De Compos. Verb. avdpav, 1893.] INDIA CIVIL SERVICE :—OPEN COMPETITION. 33 (b) Jucundissimas ex Graecis litteris non habemus, vocalem alteram alteram consonantem ; quas mutuari solemus, quotiens illorum nominibus utimur. Quod cum contigit, nescio quomodo hilarior protinus renidet oratio, ut in Ephyris et Zephyrs. QUINTIL., xi. 10, 27. (c) oi Alokets wéwvov Tas wpobéoeis, kai TavTA Bapvrrikol ovres. GREEK. (3.) (General Paper.) [All candidates are requested to attempt A, and not more than five questions of B.] A. GRAMMAR (QUESTIONS. [Translate the passages: state what is noticeable in each : explain, and illustrate. ] 1. Xepuddiov puéya épyov & ob 8vo dvdpe péporev. (Hom.) 2. Elfe yévour’ adpa nris pw’ dmwoikioeer. (SOPH.) 3. “Ov 8) malawdv € Grou dédowk’ éyw ui) pot BeBrjror. [So best MS. Editors read BeBixy.] (SopH.) 4. To pavldvew Wdiorov ed Aéyovros ei képdos Aéyou. (SopH.) 5. "Edu yap 00d ék kakijs mpdooew Texvns. (SOPH.) 6. Aw mr Kopwliwv odkér émavaywriv. (THUC.) 7. Ij) ¢ijs; ob yap pm Swvards &. [So MSS. Madvig reads py) yap ov.] (PLAT.) 8. Ma my 'A¢podiryy, pip "yd o’ drow. (ARIST. 9. Aeiéal Ori, bv uév éplevras, émidvres krdobwoar, ols O¢ yevvaiov Ty avray é\evbepovv, dvavraydvioTor am avrév otk amiaow. (THUC.) (9720) $ CIVIL SERVICE COMMISSION : [AUGUST J 10. Els wad pin” : ; a Nw “Avvros o z ; ~ 700 Adyov. (Pron) She sapeealilemn; § paradlpey 11. ¥ 3 9 2 : Eyovo ade\dov, ov Sokovo” €few moré (Eurte.) / ’ . . 12. Iepdpevos évbo. kal & ba [1é€ov]; 3 ¥ : i 449 pa They édotev. (Hom) Yr ¢ F 13. "Edeyer as ypeav en idvar és 78 re Neyer Los éoevneryfar. (HEROD) xos; ba oirov B. GENFRAL QUESTIONS. L, Wishagtpros What evidence in regard to the age of the Homeric poems do you find in the m ides anid sited ditions which they on y ideas arid social con- How far is Destiny the “ pivot ” of Greek Tragedy ? 3. Describe and ac | count for the diffe i Smee the speeches and the wl mn style ides. e of Thucy- 4. Account for tl i Euripides by his CET s entertained of 5. c : Sketch the stages of the sophistical movement of the fourth and fifth : cent i SAY ue 8 literature of the ie as 1t appears in the 6. Doscs me one of the more important of the MSS of ok E texts ; explain the terms ‘minuscule ” , “gloss,” “itacism ;” and show, with examples, the chief TAP. 3 tional readings. lef sources of error in the tradi- 7. Discuss the authorship and the sour discovered *Afnvaiwy Io\irela. ces of the recently 8. Exemplify from Gre ek Oratory features of contemporary Riri gad the main 1893.] INDIA CIVIL SERVICE :—OPEN COMPETITION. 39 LATIN. (1. 7 r———————— Translate into English :— Dupliciter delectatus sum tis litterls, et quod 1pse risi et quod te intellexi jam posse ridere; me autem 2 te, ut seurram velitem, malis oneratum esse, non moleste tuli: illud doleo, in ista loca venire me, ut constitueram, pon potuisse ; habuisses enim non hospitem, sed con- tubernalem. at quem virum! non eu, quem tu es solitus promulside conficere : integram famem ad ovum adfero ; jeume usque ad assum vitulinum opera per- ducitur: illa mea; quae solebag antea laudare, ‘0 hominem facilem! o hospitem non gravem 1” abilerunt. nam omnen nostram de re publica curam; cogitationem de dicenda in senatu senterntia, commentationem causarum abiecimus, in Epicuri nos sdversarii nostri castra coieci- mus ; nec tamen ad hanc ‘nsolentiam, sed ad illam tuam lautitiam, veterem dico, cum in sumptum Habebas, etsi numgquam plura praedia habuisti. proinde te para : cum homing et edaci tibi res est et qui jam aliquid 1ntellegat ; dyupabers autem homines scis quam insolentes sint dediscendae tibi sunt sportellae et artolagani tul. nos jam ex artis tantum habemus, ut Verrium tuum et Camillum—qua munditia homines ! qua elegantia !— vocare saepius audeamus. sed vide audaciam : etiam Hirtio cénam dedi, sine pavone tamen ; in ea cena cocus meus praeter ius fervens nihil non potuit imitarlL ed te ate em—— IL Frat uxor Silio Sosia Galla, caritate Agrippinae invisa principi. hos corripi dilato ad tempus Sabino placitum, inmissusque Varro consul, qui paternas inimi- citias obtendens odiis Selani per dedecus suum gratifi- cabatur. precante reo brevem moram, dum accusator consulatu abiret, adversatus est Caesar : solitum quippe magistratibus diem privatis dicere : nec infringendum consulis ius, cuius vigiliis niteretur, ne quod res publica detrimentum caperet. proprium id Tiberio fuit scelera nuper reperta priscis verbis obtegere. igitur multa adseveratione, quasi aut legibus cum Silio ageretur aut (9720) c 2 36 CIVIL SERVICE COMMISSION : [ATqUsT, Varro consul aut illud res publica esset, coguntur patres. silente reo, vel si defensionem coeptaret, non occultante cuius ira premeretur, conscientia belli Sacrovir diu dis- simulatus, victoria per avaritiam foedata et uxor Sosia arguebantur. nec dubie repetundarum criminibus haere- bant, sed cuncta quaestione maiestatis exercita, et Silius imminentem damnationem voluntario fine praevertit. Saevitum tamen in bona, non ut stipendiariis pecuniae redderentur, quorum nemo repetebat, sed liberalitas Augusti avulsa, conputatis singillatim quae fisco pete- bantur. ea prima Tiberio erga pecuniam alienam diligentia fuit. Sosia in exilium pellitur Asinii Gall; sententia, qui partem bonorum publicandam, pars ut liberis relin- queretur censuerat. contra M’. Lepidus quartam accusa- toribus secundum necessitudinem legis, cetera liberis concessit. IIL Quod mihi fortuna casuque oppressus acerbo conseriptum hoc lacrimis mittis epistolium, naufragum ut eiectum spumantibus aequoris undis sublevem et a mortis limine restituam, quem neque sancta Venus molli requiescere somno desertum in lecto caelibe perpetitur, nec veterum dulei scriptorum carmine musae oblectant, cum mens anxia, pervigilat, 1d gratum est mihi, me quoniam tibi dicis amicum, muneraque et musarum hine petis et Veneris sed tibi ne mea sint ignota incommoda, Mani, neu me odisse putes hospitis officium, accipe, queis merser fortunae fluctibus ipse, ne amplius a misero dona beats petas. tempore quo primum vestis mihi tradita, purast, iucundum cum aetas florida ver ageret, multa satis lusi; non est dea nescia nostri quae dulcem curis miscet amaritiem : sed totum hoc studium lucty fraterna mihi mors abstulit, o misero frater adempte mihi ! IV. Nimirum sapere est abiectis utile nugis Et tempestivum pueris concedere ludum, Ac non verba sequi fidibus niodulanda, Latins, \. 37 1893.] INDIA CIVIL SERVICE :-—OPEN COMPETITION Sed verse numerosque modosque ediscere me, 5 Qnocirca mecum loquor heec [iniae recordor : Si #ibi nulla sitim finiret copia lymp 2, x Narrares medicis ;: quod quanto puss pg Tanto plura cupis, nulline faterier on ok Si vulnus tibi monstrata radice ve ot a Non fieret levius, fugeres radice vel herba Proficiente nihil curarier. Audieras, cul. Rem Di donarent, illi decedere pravam wy tultitiam ; et, cum sis nihilo Spinto oy 1 Plenior es, tamen uteris monitoribus 1s a At si divitiee prudentem reddere possen Ai St cupidum timidumque minus te, nempe Viveret in terris te si quis avarior jue ey Si proprium est, quod quis libra Bi es 4 Queedam, si credis consults, mancipa id, Qui te pascit ager, tuus est, et Villa Hy (Quum segetes occat tibi mox frumenta 1 Te dominum sentit. LATIN. (2.) — ee cen i For Latin Prose :— wh | iend, an. 81. My world affords us no wy wn subjects for correspondence at prosent for am 1 folly versant with it to do justice to such a 2 hoi ade that lives as I do, whose chief ouTApEhel oh yo time of the year is to walk ten times in he oy from the fireside to the cucumber frame and back on 2 ipa show his wisdom more, if he has any wis fo shay, i SL WARE AE i Lg in po C a for the business. Spposs Be Ne worer that I am a perfectly unconcerned spec i , on that I take no interest at all in the waa ony rary Far from it: Iread Be howe ; 1 Se 4 is 5 os r uarter. mee hey, with Be hie a a that seems to be the dupe ins of treachery, cowardice, or a spirit of faction. 38 CIVIL SERVICE COMMISSION : [AUGUST J I cannot rejoice because I see no » Tr 1 mr manse I can find no rane ld wll pot a pe gh has seen both sides of fifty has lived i Little papas e has not other views of the world than he on 2 € was much younger. He finds, if he reflects DL = 16 will be to the end what it has been from 0 TE Mer Sack some 4 iy UE bps In jms uals have their seasons will observe that re oe bt 8 be AD Englishman, he particular is attected wit : oahu of Givi and is already sunk into a ok WE) : e. ~My dear friend, I have written at random either knowing where I should begin my letter nor what it would end in. Excus : : xXcuse a rustic if ‘ , ne, sincerely yours, ; he OITS, and believe WirLian Cowper, IL For Latin Hexameters or Elegiacs :— Fierce hardy, pr i 1 . , proud, in conscious freedom } Than stormy seats the warrior Devas a, in 3 Opn blood their lofty line they trace nN courage proves their generous race Ine only they, while all oa oe on an homage to the Thracian steel an pale Go waning moon to fear T ot terrors of the mountain spea valorous chiefs, while yet your os shi 5 e pase poi of feeble Palestine he » ever thus, by no vain boast disms Datond the birthright of the cedar rig 3 though no more for you the obedient ale ne s the white bosom of the Tyrian sail : B ans NOW no more your glittering marts unfold Bo ! ons a9 and Lusitanian gold ; 0 not for you the pale and sick] ; ¥e . sl : : orgets the light in Ophir’ werltily os or less your sons to manliest deeds aspire nd Asia’s mountains glow with Spartan fire HEBER. 1893.] INDIA CIVIL SERVICE :—OPEN COMPETITION. 39 Or, For Latin Lyrics :— Oh, mother of a mighty race, Yet lovely in thy youthful grace ! The elder dames, thy haughty peers, Admire and hate thy blooming years ; With words of shame And taunts of scorn they join thy name. They know not, in their hate and pride, What virtues with thy children bide ; How true, how good, thy graceful maids Make bright, like flowers, the valley shades : What generous men | Spring, like thine oaks, by hill and glen : What cordial welcome greets the guest By the lone rivers of the west ; How faith is kept, and truth revered, And man is loved, and God is feared, "In woodland homes, phen And where the solemn ocean foams. a RL ie vs BRYANT. III. Latin Philology, alternative for Translation into Latin J Verse. 1. Mention the chief peculiarities of the Latin verb system, and point out *“ new formations.” 2. Note some morphological characteristics common to Latin and Celtic. 3. Adduce arguments to prove that Latin, in its pre- historic stage, threw the accent back as far as possible. 4. Write a note on Rhotacism, with full illustrations. 5. Discuss Latin perfects of the types of tuls, of mans, and of wd. 6. Quote passages bearing upon (a) the general pro- nunciation of Latin, (b) local peculiarities of pronunciation. 40 CIVIL SERVICE COMMISSION : [AUGUST 7. (@) Comment on the following for word in each case, and giving t known :—cernuy sles, semones. (b) Write a note on the form and affinities of colurnus, luculentus, sons, sonticus, sterquilinium. 8. (#) What formative anomaly is there in accipiter, ambobus, appellamino, Jrustra, platea, veneficus ? (0) Give the meaning of ens, Melerpanta, émina, nicepor, seresco, sueris. 9. With what Latin words are the following to be compared : — female, Hanse - towns, maniature, outrage, path, quick, ward, wt, whole ? 10. What linguistic princi with their Latin sland, knot, loaf, swallow 2 ms, translating the he etymology when 5, grama, gravastelius, lama, noven- ple is illustrated by comparing aflines the words bottom, distaff, riddle (sieve), smart, short, sward, ee rt ad 0 LATIN. (3). (Language and Literature.) [You are requested to try not more than three questions under A, and not more than four of those under B.] A. Not more than three questions to be attempted. 1. (a) Discuss archaic forms and usages in the following passage :— Si in ius uocat, ito. ni it, antestamino igitur em capito. si caluitur p 2 edemue struit, manum endo 1acito. si morbus aeuitasue uitium escit, lumentum dato. si nolet, arceram ne sternito. (0) Indicate those usages of the following ex- pressions, which are distinctive of Silver-Latin, Viz., umputare, profiters, advocatus, novissime, citra, sponte, nescio an. 2. Show what grammatical reasons there are for sus. _pecting the readings in the following passages, and. also point out what considerations may be urged In favour of some of the suspicious readings :— 41 1893.] INDIA CIVIL SERVICE :—OPEN COMPETITION. (a) Sed quis erit medus aut quo nunc certamine ? VIRG. : gol Frater erat Romae consulti rhetor, ut alter Alterius sermone meros audiret a " ur : : Gracchus ut hie illi, foret huic ut I i: (c) Stare omnem multitudinem ad portas, i hinc ferentem prospectantes, certum habeo, I illis nos, patres conscript, Bons ac pendentibu jd r+ are 1 tis. Liv. animis renuntiare iubea : wi (d) Horum utro uti nolimus, altero est Hons is indignate Cupido ! (¢) O numquam pro me satis indignate Opi (f) Ut te felici praevecta ( fem.) Coa remo . .. > ° qe o us. " Accipiat placidis Oricos aequoril ion 3. Discuss and illustrate the following :— : it. labundus agros ad oppidum uent 3 Toke (cerua) exuta feram docilisque accedere is . . . attactu gaudebat eril. : A Bod postquam regem Persea consuli Paulo salutem legit, miserationem omnem exemit. ~ (d) Nullus hoc meticulosust aeque. {a Ne hostes quidem sepultura inuident. (f) lacent tua pallia terrae. 4. Explain, with illustrations, the chief eg 40 nicht Geis of tenses” 1s subject, and com ment on the tenses in the following passages .— (a) Persuadet uti Tugurtham maxume am, ig id parum procedat, necatum sibl traderent, SAL- U T. . * . L 0) Haec interposui, non a ut pro me dixerim, ; ew. IC. am ut quosdam moner ai Ri sibi patres Romanos populigs facturum, si omnes res N apelita hora int, uxis- : i ? . . . . num auerint, ab quibus donum, nt, dignosque iudicauerint, ab an - uoluntate eorum, qui forges darent, uam re maius ampliusque, acciperent. ; , a 3 (d) Tali modo (Atticus) cum . . . a in senectutem non minus dignitate quam gratia : tunaque creuisset, tantaque prosperitate i fo ualetudinis ut annis xxx medicina non indigusset, nactus est morbum. NEPOs. 42 C * 3 5. (a) Quote or- const ; : nstruct sentences to e : different functions of the relative hy plify the (6) Indicate the principal variations i lute uses of the SA variations in the abso- 6. Estimate the importa, : ; Latin prose ie nce of Sallust in the history of 7. Comment on syntacti jarities in oe id tactical peculiarities in the following eo Haec habui dicere de amicitia. to ef exite hue aliquis.’ ¢) His adicit complexum, ile lc1t complexum, factus natura uelare “ Ante domandum ingentes tollunt animos = ig Caesaris misi, si minus legisses /) Nox et tua testi quod ; es perferre Fe i fod Rian g) Mithridates, postea , Posteaquam maximas aed - set classes, usque in Hispaniam legatos a B, r ; : Not more than four questions to be attempted 1. Explain and comment bri cisms of Quintilian : riefly on the following criti- a) El ( ) egea quoque Graecos provocamus cuius < 4 j ' ’ mihi : 1 he A lags maxime videtur auctor 8; qu Propertium mali idi 5 sun : | alint, : utroque lascivior, sicut durior Gallus, Prin 2 Lucanus ardens et concitatus Ch et, ut dicam quod rious quam poetis imitandus. Cc . $ : . : . ") Alyn illud etiam prius saturae genus sed po a Som varietate mixtum condidit | us Varro, vir Romanorum eruditissimuys : (d) At lyricorum idem Horatius fere solus legi ignus ; na it ali g m et 1nsurgit aliquando et plenus est iucunditatis et grati i wT, 1ae et vari : : felicissime audax. us figuris et verbis S et sententiis sentio, magis orato- 1893.] INDIA CIVIL SERVICE :—OPEN COMPETITION. 43 9. What is the chronological importance of the following assage ? Fix as egactly as you can the dates of the birth and death of each of the poets mentioned in the last six lines of the passage; and state what you know of ‘the works of the poets mentioned 1n the first six lines :(— = Saepe suas volucres legit mihi grandior aevo, Quaeque necet serpens, quae juvet herba, Macer. Saepe suos solitus recitare Propertius ignes, Jure sodalicio qui mihi junctus erat. Ponticus heroo, Bassus quoque clarus iambis Dulecia convictus membra fuere mei. Et tenult nostras numerosus Horatius aures, Dum ferit Ausonia carmina culta lyra. Virgilium vidi tantum. Nec amara Tibullo Tempus amicitiae fata dedere meae. Successor fuit hic tibi, Galle, Propertius ill : Quartus ab his serie temporis ipse ful. Give the substance, and as far as you can, the words of Hérace’s most important criticisms upon Roman poets. Explain briefly or criticise his point of view where you think it necessary. ie . How far is the following criticism of Quintilian just :— "In comoedia maxime claudicamus. . Expand and explain the following Inscriptions :— (¢) C.CLAVDLVS . AP. F.C. N.RVLCHER Q. III VIR . A.A .A .F.F. AED. CVR. IVDEX.Q. vENEFICIS . PR . REPETVNDIS . CVRATOR . VIs . STERNENDIS . COS . CVM M . PERPERNA. (b) IMP . CAESAR . DIVI. NERVAE . F . NERVA TRAIANVS AVG . GERM. DACICVS PONT . MAX . TR . POT . XIII . IMP . VI. COS .V . P. P. AQVAM . TRAIANAM . PECVNIA . SVA . IN . VRBEM PERDVXIT . EMPTIS . LOCIS . PER LATITVD . P. XXX. 6. State what you know of the existing MSS. of Lucretius, estimating their relative importance. Explain the reasoning by which Lachmann estab- lished the existence of an archetype now lost, and determined many of its characteristics. 7. State what is known of the life of Juvenal, and especially quote or refer to any passages in his satires from which inferences may be drawn as to the dates of his life, or of the satires in which they occur. CIVIL SERVICE COMMISSION : [ATausT, 8 Discuss the following SE (a) “Every one who has any sense of the close affinity between art and nationality will always turn back from Cicero and Horace to Cato and Lucretius.” MomMSEN. (6) “Tacitus and Juvenal are more wholly Roman than Cicero or Virgil.” MERIVALE. ENGLISH LANGUAGE AND LITERATURE, (1.) [AU the first six questions should be attempted, and any three of the remacnder.] L. Illustrate (with etymologies when necessary) the changes which have taken place in the usage of the following words :—Take, want (verb with negative), copv ( substantive), imp, idea, humourist, popularity, respectable, modern, namely, merely, by and by. Comment on “allow” as one form for two distinct words, 2. (@) “Spenser in affecting the ancients writ no language.” Who is it who says this ? Illustrate the statement by examples, especially of Spenser’s misuse of old words or forms. (b) Give all other instances which you can remember in our literature of poems affectedly archaic, (6) What is meant by the Platonism of Spenser ? ention and give some account of poems of his to which this epithet may be applied. (¢) Illustrate, with special reference to Spenser, the influence of Italian upon Elizabethan litera- ture. 3. (@) Trace the evidences of a criiical spirit in our literature from the Sloruit of Chaucer to the close of the 16th Century. (b) Give instances from Plays or other sources, of dramatic criticism up to ‘the same limit of date. (c) Give an account of expervments in literary form or style whether in ~~ prose or verse (also till 1600). 1893.] INDIA CIVIL SERVICE :—OPEN COMPETITION. 45 4. (a.) State all that you know of the earlier stages of Shakespeare’s career as a dramatist, and hi i chronological order a list of the plays attri ted to him up to the year 1600 inclusive, with suc evidences of date, internal or external, as you can remember. (b) What was Ben Jonson’s estimate of Shakes- peare’s education and literary character ? pr your own judgment of Shakespeare in the first o these respects, illustrating your answer by quota- tions. 5. Make notes (on idiom, etymology, text, metre or meaning) on the following passages (assigning authorship). (2) They murmurede as doth a swarm of been, And maden skiles after her fantasyes, Rehersing of thise olde poetryes, And seyden, it was lyk the Pegasee, The hors that hadde winges for to flee ; Or elles it was the Grekes hors Synon. (b) Embost with bale, and bitter byting griefe. The sensible warm motion to become is i A oad clod : and the delighted spirit To bathe in fiery floods. is, si r ildren, little eyases, d) There is, sir, an aery of children, ! Jy that cry out on the top of question, and are most tyrannically clapt for't. d Th ass the planets seven, and pass the fixe . i) od toh CRI 6 sphere whose balance weighs The trepidation talk’d, and that first moved. (f) Some lazy ages, lost in sleep and ease, No action leave to busy chronicles. (9) Great Caesar roars, and hisses in the fires, King John in silence modestly expires ; No merit now the dear Nonjuror claims, Moliere’s old stubble in a moment flames. i with a line of explanation or description b doivane 3 (@) of the following works ol Christis Kirk on the Grene,” ‘The Drapier’s Letters, “ Toxophilus,” “ Taxation no Tyranny,” ‘“ Astrophel and Stella,” “The Splendid Shilling;” (5) of CIVIL SERVICE COMMISSION : [ATGUST, the following "characters :—Bobadil, Beau Tibbs, Belvidera, Croaker, Sir Plume, Le Fevre, Peter Peebles. (1i.) Assign these passages to their authors, and quote or indicate tlie context. («) Truth is the highest thing a man may keep. (b) To show, by one satiric touch, N o nation wanted it so much. (¢) I can’t say whether we had more wit among us now than usual, but I am certain we had more laughing. (d) What new Alcaeus, fancy-blest; Shall sing the sword in myrtles drest ? (¢) I am disappointed by that stroke of death which has eclipsed the gaiety of nations. (f) For ever wilt thou love, and she be fair. 7. Compare Chaucer and Langland (a) with J ) g ith respect t metrical form ; (4) in the character of their — and (c) compare both these with Sp of political and religious change: penser as poets 8. Compare Shakespeare with any dramatist niore or less his contemporary (a) in the treatment of plot (0) in the delineation of character. 9: ¥stimate the work of Addison and Pope as critics. 10: Name and briefly distinguish (assigning authorship) the chief masterpieces in English Literature (a) of Allegory, (b) of Irony, (c) of Realistic Fiction. 11. Conipare as satirists Pope, Johnson, and Cowper: 12. Compare Gray with Collins, or Keats with Shelley. 13. Crit hy ee] opinions of Wordsworth and yron, and show how far ‘in each I accorded with theory. Se Dre 14. Trace in dur literature the chances iy sR rath hg > es of English with respect to mountain ey glish taste 15. Estimate the work in prose of Southey or Coleridge. 1893.] INDIA CIVIL SERVICE :—OPEN COMPETITION. 47 ENGLISH LITERATURE. (2.) (Four and no more than four questions in each section to be attempted). IL 1. To what period of Shakespeare's life and dramatic production would you assign King Lear, from the internal evidence afforded. by style and treatment What inferences as to the date have been drawn from the following passages :— (i) The prince of darkness is a gentleman ; : Modo he’s called, and Mahu. (ii) Fie, foh, fum, I smell the blood of a British ... ~~. man, (iii) These late eclipses in the sun and moon i portend no good to us. Mention ary versions of the story of King Lear and his daughters earlier than Shakespeare's. Briefly discuss Shakespeare’s handling of this part of his plat, and the changes introduced by him into it. 9. What allusions, direct or indirect, to contemporary affairs, are to be found in Lycidas and Samson Agonistes ?, How far may Samson be taken as a type of Milton himself, and wheré does the parallel fail ¢ Show the influence exercised by Elizabethan poets on Milton's earlier verse, and give instances of “ conceits ” occurring in it. 3. “The object of toleration,” says Jeremy Taylor, “is not truth, but peace.” How far does this position differ from the attitude taken up by Milton in the Areopagitica ? How does Milton apply to the defence of the schis- matics ” the fable of Isis and Osiris, and the meta- phor drawn from the building of a temple ? Milton regarded his own prose publications as mainly directed to the promotion of three species of liberty—religious, domestic, and civil. Classify his rose writings under these heads, and show how far 6 has the same ends in view in devising his scheme of education. CIVIL SERVICE COMMISSION : [AUGUsT, 4. State the main critical questions discussed in Dryden's Essay of Dramatic Poesy. Summarize and criticize the arguments employed in the debate on rhyme versus blank verse. What had Milton to say on this question ? Give the names and works of the persons called by Dryden, Lisideius, Eugenius, and Crites. Annotate the following :— (a) A catachresis or Clevelandism. (b) He, is the very Withers of the city. (c) Every one was willing to acknowledge how much our poesy is improved by the happiness of some writers yet living. (d) Our stages still retain somewhat of the original civility of the Red Bull. (6) . ““ Non tamen intus Digna geri promes in scenam.” Illustrate the observance or infraction of this precept from King Lear and the Alchemist. 5. Supply suitable annotations to the following passages, and explain in what context each occurs — (¢) I have wondered at the extravagant and barbarous stratagem of Zopirus. (6) From Celtic woods is chased the wolfish crew. (¢) This prophecy Merlin shall make, for I live before his time. (d) 'Tis not such lines as almost crack the sta When Bajazet begins to rage, Nor a tall metaphor in the bombast way, Nor the dry chips of short-lunged Seneca. (e) To search what many modern Janua’s and Didactics, more than ever I shall read, have projected, my inclination leads me not. (f) They were small stars fixed in the Milky- way, Or faithful turquoises, which heaven sent For a discovery, not a punishment. (9) Above the rest The noble Buzzard ever pleased me best. 1893.] INDIA CIVIL SERVICE :—OPEN COMPETITION. 49 (h) She can teach ye how to clime Higher then the Spheary chime. (7) I perceived quickly, by infallible demon- strations, that I was still in old England, and not in Arcadia, or La Forrest. (k) Why should I not, had I the heart to do 1t, Like to the Egyptian thief, at point of death, Kill what I love? (/) And ride us with a classic Hierarchy Taught ye by meer A. S. and Rutherford. (m) Now last, your sons a double pean sound, A treatise of Humility is found. 6. Write explanatory and historical notes on the following words and terms :— To transprose, to hatter, virtuoso, coystril, coranto, to disembogue, essay, to spoom, descant, pestered, rebeck, dorture, cozier, goujeres, costard, minikin, undertaker, Tetrachordon, Grub Street, Abram man. Ulustrate the effects procured by Milton from the juxtaposition of the Latin and Saxon elements of the language. Give instances of — (i) Milton's playing with a Latin derivative, in its original and acquired sense. (ii) Latin idioms and constructions in Milton. (iii) French idioms and constructions In Dryden. II. 1. Sir Philip Sidney complains that the playwrights of his day “ thrust in Clowns by head and shoulders to play a part in majestical matters.” Account for the constant introduction of the fool and the clown on the Elizabethan stage, and show by referring to Twelfth Night and King Lear how Shakspere employed these characters to heighten the effect of comedy and of tragedy. What is Dryden’s opinion on the practice of ‘mingling mirth with serious plot ?” (97:0) n 50 ~~ CIVIL SERVICE COMMISSION : [AUGUST, 2. Describe very briefly the institution of ‘Salomon’s House” in the New Atlantis. What similar schemes by 17th century writers can you mention ? Sketch the development of science in the 17th century, with special reference to its influence on the imagination of Milton, Browne, Davenant, or other writers of the period. 3. In what precise sense are the “metaphysical ” poets so called? Give the main characteristics of their style, with illustrations from Crashaw, Cowley, or others. What relation does Hudibras bear to the metaphysical school ? Explain and discuss the following criticisms on this school of poets :— (i.) “They were not always strictly curicus whether the opinions frore which they drew their illustrations were true.” (ii.) “They treated ideas as the punster treats words.” 4. What influence had Spenser on the poets of the 17th century ? Give the substance of Milton’s, Dryden’s, and Cowley’s several allusions to Spenser. Com- pare the merits of the Faerie Queene and the Hind and the Panther, considered as allegories. 5. Give the date of the publication of the Hesperides, and describe its contents. Refer to any poems in it that deal with contemporary political events, and account for their fewness. How far is Herrick indebted to or influenced by any literary models? Discuss this question with special regard to :— (i.) His fairy poems. (11.) His epigrams. 6. What share in the modification of English prose style, about the time of the Restoration, do you assign to the following causes ? (i) The newspaper press. (11) The ee pr (111) The influence of the French. (iv) The growing importance of criticism. (v) The Royal Society. Give facts in support of all your arguments. 1893.] INDIA CIVIL SERVICE :—OPEN COMPETITION, JT FRENCH. (1. Translate into English -— L Des qu'on a gotté une fois des correspondances, on ne croit plus, on ne se fie plus qua cela en fait de témoignage historique. Tout autre parait -artificiel et suspect ; mais, en revanche, pourvu qu'il soit original et authentique, le moindre billet a son prix. Si le correspondant est un personnage inconnu, il y a un véritable intérét & apprendre de lui ce que pensaient des événements que nous aperce- vons dans le lointain ceux qui les ont vus se dérouler devant eux, ceux qui les touchaient pour ainsi dire du doigt, et ce commun des hommes qui fait a chaque moment opinion publique. Si les détails racontés sont euxmémes Insignifiants, il est rare qu’ils ne mettent pas au moins sur la vole de quelque trait de mceurs qui fait assister au train journalier de la vie de nos peres. Mais si vous avez le bonheur de tomber sur les autographes d'un homme célebre, c'est alors que le papier lui-méme semble s’animer sous vos yeux. Le caractére de l'écriture vous révele celui de l'écrivain, et vous permet méme de suivre les accidents de son humeur; si les traits de sa plume s'altérent ou se précipitent, vous croyez voir sa main qui tremble d’émotion ou frémit de colére; une rature, sous laquelle s’apercoit encore une phrase mal effacée, donne le secret d'une pensée cachée ou d'un sentiment contenu. Une indication reste-t-elle imparfaite ou obscure, avec quel empressement on sefforce de la compléter et de I'éclairer, et quelle triomphe d’y parvenir! Avec quelle rapidité les heures s’écoulent dans cette poursuite! Le plaisir de la chasse, pour un amateur passionné, n’est rien, j’en suis slr, aupres de celui-la: ceux qui ne le connaissent pas ignorent une des plus vives jouissances de l'ordre intellectuel. Translate into English THER 11 or 111. :— IL. Le cheval, laissé A lui-méme, partit ventre i terre et alla rejoindre l'escorte qui suivait les généraux. Fabrice compta quatre chapeaux brodés. Un quart d’heure apres, par quelques mots que dit un hussard son voisin, Fabrice (9720) p 2 52 CIVIL SERVICE COMMISSION : [AUGUST, comprit qu'un de ces géneraux était le céldbre maréchal Ney. Son bonheur fut au comble; toutefois il ne put deviner lequel des quatre généraux était le général Ney ; il ett donné tout au monde pour le savoir, mais il se rappela qu'il ne fallait pas parler. L'escorte s'arréta pour passer un large fossé rempli d'eau par la pluie de la veille ; il était bordé de grands arbres et terminait sur la gauche la prairie & l'entrée de laquelle Fabrice avait acheté le cheval. Presque tous les hussards avaient mis pied a terre ; le bord du fossé était a pic et fort glissant, et 'eau se trouvait bien a trois ou quatre pieds en contre- bas au-dessous de la prairie. Fabrice, distrait par sa joie, songealt plus au maréchal Ney et a la gloire qua son cheval, lequel, étant fort animé, sauta dans le canal ; ce qui fit rejaillir l'eau 3 une hauteur considérable. Un des généraux fut entiérement mouillé par la nappe d'eau, et s'écria en jurant: Au diable la béte! Fabrice se sentit profondément blessé de cette injure. Puis-je en demander raison ? se dit-il. En attendant, pour prouver quil n’était pas si gauche, il entreprit de faire monter a son cheval la rive opposée du fossé ; mais elle était A pic et haute de cinq 3 six pieds. Il fallut y renoncer; alors il remonta le courant, son cheval ayant de l'eau jusqu’a la téte, et enfin trouva une sorte d’abreuvoir : par cette pente douce 11 gagna facilement le champ de l'autre cote du canal. II fut le premier homme de l'escorte qui y parut ; il se mit & trotter fidrement le long du bord : au fond du canal les hussards se démenaient, assez em- barrassés de leur position, car en beaucoup d’endroits Peau avait cinq pieds de profondeur. Deux ou trois chevaux prirent peur et voulurent nager, ce qul fut un barbotement épouvantable. Un maréchal des logis s'aper¢ut de la manceuvre que venait de faire ce blanc- bec, qui avait lair si peu militaire. Remontez! il y a un abreuvoir & gauche! s’écria-t-il. Et peu & peu tous passérent. T'ramslate into English verse :—- 111. Etonnants voyageurs! quelles nobles histoires Nous lisons dans vos yeux profonds comme les mers ! Montrez-nous les écrins de vos riches mémoires, ~ Ces bijoux merveilleux, faits d’astres et d’éthers. 1893.7] INDIA CIVIL SERVICE :-—OPEN COMPETITION. Nous voulons voyager sans vapeur et sans voile Faites, pour égayer 'ennul de nos prisons, Passer sur nos esprits, tendus comme une toile, Vos souvenirs avec leurs cadres d’horizons. Dites, qu’avez-vous vu ? “Nous avons vu des astres ; Et des flots ; nous avons vu des sables aussi ; Et malgré bien des chocs et d'imprévus désastres, Nous nous sommes souvent ennuyés, comme ICL ““ Nous avons salué des idoles a trompe ; Des trones constellés de joyaux lumineux ; Des palais ouvragés dont la féérique pompe Serait pour vos banquiers un réve ruineux ; “ Des costumes qui sont pour les yeux une ivresse ; Des femmes dont les dents et les ongles sont teints, Et des jongleurs savants que le serpent caresse.” Et puis, et puis encore * “O cerveaux enfantins ! “ Pour ne pas oublier la chose capitale, : Nous avons vu partout, et sans I'avoir cherché, Du haut jusques en bas de I'échelle fatale, Le spectacle ennuyeux de I'immortel péché. “ Le bourreau qui jouit, le martyr qui sanglote ; La féte qu'assaisonne et parfume le sang ; Le poison du pouvoir énervant le despote, Et le peuple amoureux du fouet abrutissant, « Fit les moins sots, hardis amants de la Démence, Fuyant le grand troupeau parqué par le Destin, Et se réfugiant dans 'opium immense! ~~ —Tel est du globe entier I'éternel bulletin. Translate into French :— T'ransla WW briel paused in some alarm, in the act of raising the Co bottle to his lips, and looked round. i cold hoar frost glistened on the tombstones, and ki like rows of gems among the stone carvings of the o church. The snow lay hard and crisp upon the ground, and spread over the thickly-strewn mounds of earth 80 white and smooth a cover, that 1t seemed as if corpses lay there, hidden only by their winding sheets. : Not the faintest rustle breke the profound tranquillity of 54 CIVIL SERVICE COMMISSION : [AvgusT, the solemn scene. Sound itself appeared to be frozen up, all was so cold and still... . . Seated on an upright tombstone, close to him, was a strange, unearthly figure, who Gabriel felt at once was no being of this world. His long fantastic legs which might have reached the ground, were cocked up and crossed after a quaint fashion ; his sinewy arms were bare, and his hands rested on his knees. On his short, round body, he wore a close covering, ornamented with small slashes, and a short cloak dangled at his back ; the collar was cut into curious peaks, which served the goblin in lieu of ruffs or neckerchief, and his shoes curled up at the toes into long points. On his head he wore a broad-brimmed sugar- loaf hat, garnished with a single feather. The hat was covered with the white frost, and the goblin looked as if he had sat on the same tombstone very comfortably, for two or three hundred years. V. The language was to Casaubon not an end, but a means. He never speaks with unscholarlike supercili- ousness of the minutiee of grammatical technic: but he never dwells on these minutise with pedantic self-com- placency. He would not dispense with an accurate knowledge of the language. But he sought through it to penetrate to a knowledge of the thoughts conveyed by the language. Here, where the call is upon the memory of an attentive and observant reader, is his forte. He can bring to bear upon any one passage the whole of the classics, ever present in his memory. He views the individual, to use Bacon’s phrase, ““ ad naturam univers.” As a commentator he does not overlay the difficulty with a crushing load of collateral illustration, but eluci- dates it with the one apposite citation. A large class of stumbling blocks in the classics can only be cleared by finding some one other passage, which supplies the key to the allusion. This is a gradual process, which is being perfected from age to age. The school com- mentary of our day contains the result of four centuries of research. What one has overlooked another supplied. In the whole long history of interpretation, can anyone be named, who from his single hand has contributed to the common fund so much as Isaac Casaubon ? NT R 1893.] INDIA CIVIL SERVICE ;—OPTN COMPETITION, 9) FRENCH. (2.) Not more than eight questions are to be answered altogether ; not more than four in either Section of the paper. | A.—GRAMMAR,. [N.B.——Cnly four questions to be answered. ] 1. When is the English conjunction “than” after a comparative and before a verb expressed in French by que... ne, when by que... de, and when by que only ? Illustrate by examples in both languages. 2. Write half-a-dozen sentences containing examples of verbs followed by a preposition in English though not in French. 3. Give three examples of French words with their Latin equivalents, formed from each of the following Latin nominal accented suffixes: als, anus, arius, aticus, ellus, mentum, and orem. 4. 1llustrate by examples in French and in English the different meanings of the words * country,” flight, and age.” 5. Render into French the following English idiomatic expressions :— Mind what you are about ; the wine got into his head; he suffers from home-sickness ; my cousin is going to be married on the 1 5th, he makes a good match; he is as good as his word ; this general was never beaten, for aught I know ; I owe a duty to my fellow-citizens ; make the best of a bad bargain; I will give you in charge if you assault me ; the dog ran as though he were mad. 6. Translate and elucidate the following sentences, ig from Le Sage's Histoire de Gil Blas de Santillane. —11 nen fallut pas davantage pour me persuader que la dame en tenouit. Je vous trouverai trop 1 3 Cy .) Nal heureux si l'on ne vous condamne qua faucher le grand pré. Il se balangoit en rdpant du tabac. Fort satisfait de se revoir en fonds, il dit dun ar CIVIL SERVICE COMMISSION : [AUGUST gai a don Antonio. Silva, me dit un des plus dessalés, nous ferons quelque chose de toi. Un imbécile, qui vouloit se donner un air delibéré. J'apergus la divinité assise sur un gros carreau de satin. Il sembloit méme qu'elle fit beaucoup plus grande en femme qu'en homme ; il est vrai que ses chappins n’y contribuoient pas peu. La marquise est un peu grippée de philosopkhie. B.—L1TERATURE. [Only four questions to be answered. | 1. Criticise briefly the chroniclers and historical writers of France down to Comines, and estimate the share taken by them in devoloping French prose. 2. Describe the poetical works of Ronsard. What inno- vations did he recommend in the French language and in French verse, and how far was he followed by the Romantiques ? 3. Estimate and explain the influence on French litera. ture of any one of the three critics : Malherbe, Boileau, Sainte-Beuve. 4. Compare the literature of France in the eighteenth and seventeenth centuries as regards either dramatic or historical work. In what respects had there been either advance or decline ? 5. Trace briefly the development of the French novel down to the end of the eighteenth century, mentioning the chief works of that class. 6. How far is the French language suitable for lyric poetry ! Illustrate your opinion by comparing French and English lyric poetry during the present century. 1893.] INDIA CIVIL SERVICE :—OPEN COMPETITION. 57 GERMAN. (1. Translate into English :— : Bei pent Denjchen wie bei den Geizigen jbligt ¢3 immer mur Bievtel ur frohen Stunde, aber gleich eines yeplechten ni ihlagt e3 die Sehaferftunde unjever Hoffnung nie aus. Aber in Radjicht der Pfingfttage ift vas grundialjd. eg find prichtig, und wic man fonit die Audgiehung ded h. Seiftes in alten Kircher durch dad Herunter: werfen der Blumen vouielie, io Biloen wir fie in Maienthal duvd) dad Audwerfen figaitiger ab. Jb Habe dafher gar eine Flajde Burgunbder afytfisgt ame neben die Dintenflajehe geftellt, um exitlich durd) mein grdperes Feuer in diefem Kapitel bie Matur: und Kunjtricpter auf nietne Seite su bringen, die leichter den Stab uber Nutoren al cine Qange mit Autoren -brechen — und um yoeitend iberhaupt ben Wein ju trinfen, welded jdjon an fid Endgweds und Teleologie genug ift. Gin wafhresd Sehlaraffenland und Dimmelreid iy wir, wenn auch dev Lefer bei foldhen Kapiteln etwad Spiritudied ju fich nabhme, Richter. IT. Suliug war von Gemith fehr ungeduldig und hejtig. is Michel Angelo die Sixtinijhe Capelle gemalt, und endlich enthillte, fonnte er nidyt wavten bis fich nu dev Staub i bon Geritjte gefept. Gin Gedanfe, den er einmal gefat, Defchaftigte ifn gang und gar, man jaf hn in einen Mienen, ex murmelte ifn poifden den Sdhnen, ex miifie vergehen”, befannte er, penn er ifn nicht fage Dod) war er bavum nicht tare und viiffichtalod, er Patte eimmal Michel Angelo Dedroht, wenn berfelbe nicht eile fertig zu werden, bed anbern Tags janbdte « ifm ur Begitigung 500 Seudi. Wie er gegen feinen Oheim Sirtus, gegen Jnnocen und Alexander. aid) in Fludt und Gefabhr immer feiner Meinung geblichen, fo hielt cv, naddem ev 58 CIVIL SERVICE COMMISSION : AUGUST, Papit geworden, an dem einmal Beldyloffenen unerjchutterlich feit, cingedenf dev Nicolaus und Gregove unter feinen LBorfahren. Man erfennt feiwen Sinn an einem Bilonip von Raphael, an ben jtarf audgebildeten Jugen, dem gejeblofferen Mund, dem feit gerichteten Blick, mit denen er, abwdred den [angen weifen Bart, im Lehnjtupl fist und venft; alle feine Handlungen geben von einer Feftigeit Jengnif, mit Recht fahrt er die Gidhe in feinem Wappen. Ranfe, Translate into German :— IIL ““ Hear this daughter of yours, Hale!” said her god- father, « her residence in Milton has quite corrupted her. She’s a red republican-—" Papa, its all because I'm standing up for the progress of commerce. Mr. Bell would have had it keep still at exchanging wild beast skins for acorns.” “No, no. I'd dig the ground and grow potatoes. And I'd shave the wild beast skins and make the wool into cloth. Don’t exaggerate. But I'm tired of this bustle. Everybody rushing over everybody, In their hurry to get rich.” “It isnot every one who can sit comfortably in a set of college rooms, and let his riches grow without any exertion of his own. No doubt there 1s many a man here who would be thankful if his property would increase as yours has done, without his taking any trouble about it,” said Mr. Hale. “I don’t believe they would. It's the bustle and the struggle they like. I don’t believe there’s a man in Milton who knows how to sit still ; and itis a great art.” * Milton people, I suspect, think Oxford men don’t know how to move. It would be a very good thing if they mixed a little more.” «It might be good for the Miltoners. Many things might be good for them which would be very disagreeable for other people.” “Are you not a Milton man yourself?” asked Margaret. “I should have thought you would have been proud of your town.” “I confess, I don’t see whut there 1s to be proud of. If you'll only come to Oxford, Margaret, J I will show you a place to glory in.” 1893.] INDIA CIVIL SERVICE :—OPEN COMPETITION. 59 Iv. On his way from Venice to Rome, Addison was drawn some miles out of the beaten road, by a wish to see the smallest independent state in Europe. On a rock where the snow still lay, though the Italian spring was now far advanced, was perched the little fortress of San Mario. The roads which led to the secluded town were so bad that few travellers had ever visited it, and none had ever ublished an account of it. Addison could not suppress a ood-natured smile at the simple manners and institutions of this singular community. But he observed, with the exultation of a Whig, that the rude mountain tract which formed the territory of the republic swarmed with an honest, healthy, and contented peasantry, while the rich plain which surrounded the metropolis.of civil and religious tyranny was scarcely less desolate than the uncleared wilds of America. ‘GERMAN. (2. ——— No more than eight questions to be answered, of which not more than five must be in one section of the paper. Questions oN THE HISTORY OF THE LANGUAGE. 1. (a) What place is assigned to the accent in a German word ? Mention exceptions and account for them. What reasons are there for thinking that the principle of accentuation was different in primitive Germanic ? (b) Comment on the accentuation and the form of the prefixes in—Beifpiel, Deginnen ; Antwort, antworten. : ] iocinal forms of the following loan- ? no i) Fenfter, Orgel, and state the reason why they differ in Dh ; . : ccount for the difference in gender PD) vse rs Tort ; Grofmut, Mut ; Sdild (shield), Sehild (sign)? Sh (c) Explain the formation of :—Briutigam, reiheitdliche, Grtchen, Millers (in ih gehe zu Millers), Namens, Straufenfeder. na 60 \ ~ ! : CIVIL SERVICE COMMISSION : [A UGUST 3 3. Qa 1" . ’ Yao ~ ( ) Dos tun in La Vrief lejen fonnen, and r verbs which show the struction. Te (0) How came id) wire with the infinitive to be used instead of the subjunctive mood of the preterite (imperfect) ? Form sentences to illustrate its use. (¢) How is the weak preterite {imperfect) formed ? Explain the formation of the See bret of brennen and benfen, preterite (imperfect) 4. Comment (a) on the vowels italicised in :—Be id ~N . - > ee Gebirge, Eiche beside ‘oak,’ hold Ts yy Maid beside Magd, Wer (in Wergeld) beside (Lat. } vir, Wind beside (Lat.) ventus; (b) on the con- sonants italicised in:—essen beside ‘eat’ héher beside hock, netzen beside nass, Nichte beside Neffe schlafen beside ‘sleep,’ treu beside © true.’ ? 5. (#) Comment on the spaced portions of :—ein ft ’ emp fangen, ent zwei, jeman bb Jet, | b, meinet wegen, (b) Parse and comment on the pronominal forms in : type 1 “i h 8 mide ; mein Hhalbed BVermbgen fe; thread gleidhen; je-fhit ; mein nid, Ss Reo Mauss hi (c) Sorin 3 fmsthon of the prepositions :—neben, 6. Explain the words spaced in the following sentences :— Du folt nid ftelen (Suther). Untren {dbligt feinen eigenen Herrn (Spridhwort). Mup man denn audy alles verbefjern Fdnnen, wad man verfalidt zu fein beweifen fanu (effing). Keinen wirklichen Nebel jafe Adbilled nidyt (Lfjing). Und id behaglich unterdefen Hatt’ einen Hahnen auf: gefrefien (Goethe). Dem Herrlichften, was aud) der Geift em- pfangen, Dringt immer fremd und fre p mber € jich an (Goethe). oy QUESTIONS ON GERMAN LITERATURE. !. Distinguish between the native a i nd foreign sourc German poetry mn the 12th and 15th a of 1893.] INDIA CIVIL SERVICE :—OPEN COMPETITION. 61 ». How far was the Thirty Years’ War the cause of the staonation in the intellectual life of Germany during the latter half of the 17th century ? 3. Give a full analysis and criticism of one of Lessing's plays, and compare the influence of French and English models on the German drama. 4. Criticise carefully Schiller’s historical works ; pointing out how they are connected with and influenced by his poetry. 5, Which of Goethe's Works were produced during the time of the French Revolution? How was he affected by it? Is he justly charged with a want of patriotism ? Support your answers by references to his writings. 6. Sketch the origin and aims of the Romantic School in German Literature. Describe fully and criticise some typical work. PURE MATHEMATICS. (1.) I ———————— 1. The angle A of a triangle ABC is right. On AB, AC, squares AD, AE are described’ on the sides remote from BC ; D being the corner of AD which is most distant from C, and E the corner of AE which is most distant from B. The lines CD, BE meet AB, AC in F and G respectively ; prove that DE and FG are parallel. 2. Two chords AB, CD of a circle intersect in O ; show that the rectangle OA, OB is equal to the rectangle OC, OD. What are the corresponding theorems for (i) an ellipse, (ii) a parabola ? 3. Show that the locus of Y, the foot of the perpen- dicular from a focus of an ellipse on a tangent at P, is a circle. The tangent to the circle at Y meets the major axis in R; and RP meets the ellipse again in Q. Show that YQ touches the ellipse. 62 “CIVIL SERVICE COMMISSION : ~~ -[AUGUST, -4. Give an outline of the proof of the Binomial Theorem, criticising carefully any assumptions made in the course of the proof. Show that the rth root of p, where p = N" 4 2 and « is small, differs from ’ 1 1 p r-—1 Nz ww YN fe yee de 2 TT AVE (5) + harap! Ne by a quantity of the order 23/N%-1, 5. Show that the sum of the homogeneous products of n dimensions of three quantities a, b, c 1s a2 (b —¢) + bt? (c — a) + ¢"** (a — b) @(b—c)+0(c—a)+ *(a—0b) Apply this result to prove, or otherwise show, that if a+btec=0=z+4+y+z2 ax+by+cz=0, then ax’ + by" + cz’ = ayz (x + y* +27) (ax? + by* + 22). 6. Verify the equation cot A + cot B4cot C— cot A cot B cot C'=cosec A cosec B cosec C, where A, B, C are the angles of a riangle. A point O is chosen within a triangle ABC so that the angles OAB, OBC, OCA are equal to one another. Show that their common value is cot=! (cot A + cot B + cot C). 7. A boulder on a distant hill is observed from a point in the level plain below ; its elevation is « and it lies B degrees to the East of North. It is also observed from another point in the plain, due East, from the former at a distance @ ; and the boulder now lies y degrees to the East of North. Show that the height of the boulder above the plain is @ cos y cosec (B — vy) tan « ; and find the elevation of the boulder at the second point. 8. Prove that wy Ly daly, tan (a + B+ v + ; oy, where ¢, denotes the sum of the products of tan a, tan B, tan v, . . . taken 7 together. ‘Obtain the equation | 20 tan~1 1 4 8 tan™! .3. = . 1893.] INDIA CIVIL SERVICE :(—OPEN COMPETITION. 63 9. Show how to find the maximum or minimuin values of a function of a single variable ; and state the criteria of discrimination. The distances of a point O from the nearest sides of a square ABCD, outside of which it les, are h, k. Show that if a straight line be drawn through O so that the sum of the squares of the distances of A, B, C, D from the line is either a maximum Or a fninimam, its inclination to a side of the square, which is of length a, is given by (a + 2h) (a + 2k) tan 20 = rT) FEF a) 10. A. straight line is drawn through a point P of a urve making an angle y with the radius vector, ag 1s the br ww 3 is met by a line through the consecutive point Q making an angle x + dx with OQ; the points S and P lie on opposite sides of OQ. Show that the length of SP 1s do dr. )+ (2-2): (1 G5 cos x + Zosinx : (Zs 7s)’ and find the curvature at S of the locus of S. PURE MATHEMATICS. (2.) i f p+ 4/q and . Show how to obtain the square root of p : ne the conditions (i.) that it may be a ro quantity, (ii.) that it may be the sum of two simple surds. Extract the square root of 19 + 4 4/21. tions ¢ together P, denote the number of permutation: % es objects of k different kinds, repetitions permis- sible, show that J os i i Sr hr——— eo 0 0 er = 14+ P+ + Pao + vo + P+ and give the corresponding theorem for combina- BOS the number of the different icosahedra that can be formed with twenty differently marked equal equilateral triangles. 64 CIVIL SERVICE COMMISSION : [AUGUST, 3. Write down an equation which represents n straight lines passing through the point (a, b). Show that the equations C+ ey 4 Pt — br — Ty +m = 0, C+ Fay +9 — Se —Ty4+m=o0, represent straight lines when m has a certain value, and find it. 4. Find the equation to the normal to the hyperbola a2 of ZT E=L Find the abscissa of the point where the normal to the hyperbola xy = %%, at the point whose abscissa is £ tan ¢, meets the curve again. Thence show that by drawing 2p normals a point may be reached whose abscissa is k (tan ¢)3% 5. Show that the terms of the first degree in the variables can be removed from the general equation of the second degree by a transformation to parallel axes, unless the coefficients satisfy a certain con- dition. Transform the conic xy + 16x — 9y = 0 to parallel axes through its centre. 6. Show that the properties of the ellipse and of the hyperbola may be discussed by the introduction of a single independent variable. Give in each case the geometrical interpretation of the variable. If from the foot of any ordinate of a hyperbola a tangent be drawn to the circle described on the transverse axis, prove that this tangent is in a con- stant ratio to the ordinate. 7. If the area of an equilateral triangle be expressed in terms of the perpendicular from the centre upon a side, show that the length of the perimeter of the triangle is obtained by differentiating the area with regard to the perpendicular. Differentiate with regard to x (1) tan «°, (2) log {(2¢ —1)* + (22 — 1) (82% — 124? + 62)% + (82% — 124° + 6x)}). 1893.] INDIA CIVIL SERVICE :(—OPEN COMPETITION. 65 d? dy _ 8. If tany = 2 show that (a® 4 «?) ol + 2x 2 = 0, and determine ¢, (n), ¢, (n) such that n, Ir—1, dr —2y i @ +2) TL py (m)a CY hg) TY = xr 9. Enunciate Maclaurin’s expansion theorem and expand tan (sin x) as far as the coefficient of «7. Assuming— epi] 2 pn bre = YB, = Ba et — ke i +.oi dt (=) Bag + show that— 9 wtanw=B 22 —1) +... qn 2m (Om __ 3 gr 4 4 B2m(er—1) T+ 10. Interpret geometrically the method of integration by parts. Evaluate— (1) [sin ~ zd. da (2) |= + bcos x (3) [(a® — a?)} du. . a? da (4) , (@ + a?) (a® + 0?) 11. Find the area of the cycloid corresponding to a com- plete revolution of the generating circle. Find also the volume generated by the revolution round the axis of a of the loop of the curve x® + yb — ax’y = 0. CIVIL SERVICE COMMISSION : [AvGusT, APPLIED MATHEMATICS. (1) 1. Prove that any system of forces, acting on a rigid 3. A body, can be reduced to a couple together with a single force whose direction is parallel to the axis of the couple. Exhibit in a graphical form the condition that a system of forces should be equivalent to a single couple, and show from geometrical considerations how to find the magnitude of the couple and the direction of its axis. thin uniform rod, of length I, rests partly within and partly without a fixed smooth hemispherical bowl, having its axis vertical. Show that its position of equilibrium is deterinined by the equa- tion I cos ¢ = 2a cos 2¢, where a is the diameter of the bowl. Find, also, the least length of the rod consistent with a solution of the problem. body of any shape is supported by a string, which passes over a perfectly smooth peg, and is attached to two fixed points in the body. Show that the determination of the positions of equilibrium is reducible to the problem of drawing normals to an ellipse from a given point. Distinguish between the stable and unstable positions of equilibrium in this case, and show how the position in which the body would settle down, can be determined. 4. Investigate the limiting position of equilibrium for a ladder which rests between a rough horizontal floor and a rough vertical wall, the vertical plane passing through the ladder being perpendicular to the wall. For any position of the ladder find whether it will slip or not when a given weight is attached to a given point on the ladder, being given the weight of the latter and the position of its centre of gravity. 5. A beam is supported in a horizontal position on two props, and is uniformly loaded. Show how to determine the bending moment at any point. ~~ tan (¢ + de 1893.] INDIA CIVIL SERVICE :—OPEN COMPETITION. 67 A uniform elastic beam is supported in a hori- zontal position by two props. Find the position of the props in order that the beam should be capable of supporting without rupture the greatest load unaformly distributed along it, 6. A plane slab is supported in a horizontal position by four slightly-compressible vertical props, alike in all respects. The amount of compression of each prop is proportional to the pressure on it, while the slab and the floor, on which the props rest, are supposed perfectly rigid. If the slab be loaded in any manner, show how to find the pressure on each prop, (1) when the props are placed at the angular points of a rectangle, (2) when the props are placed In any manner. Also, show that the slab rests only on three of the props, when the point at which the resultant load on the slab lies is situated either on, or out- side a certain quadrilateral. 7. A ray of light is incident on a transparent prism. If 0 be the inclination of the ray to the surface of the prism, and 8 its deviation produced by passing through it, prove that wu, the refractive index of the prism, may be found from the equations ) tan f0+4@+eitmd (+e) € t — ans and p=" 0, where els the angle of the prism. cos ¢ 3. Show that the deviation of all rays of light incident nearly perpendicularly at a given point on a thin lens is approximately constant. If F and F’ be the principal foci of a thin lens, and if Q and Q' be two conjugate foci for the lens, prove that QF x FQ = 77, where fis the focal length of the lens. ~ Find how far this equation is still true when the thickness of the lens is taken into account. (9720) E 2 CIVIL SERVICE COMMISSION : [AUGUST 9. Describe the essential parts of a telescope, and show how its magnitying power and its field of view depend on the focal lengths of the object glass and of the eyepiece employed. Determine, also, the position in which the eye should be placed in order that the greatest extent of field may be visible. i 10. Determine the chromatic aberration of the principal focus of a lens, and find the radius and the position of its least circle of chromatic aberration. Assuming the dispersive power of crown glass to be ‘033, calculate the radius of the least circle of chromatic aberration for a crown glags lens of 2 feet aperture, APPLIED MATHEMATICS. (2.) 1. Show that, on the hypothesis of absence of friction, if a ball strike against an equal ball at rest, it cannot rebound but must follow on. Supposing that the balls are suspended by strings like pendu- lums, after the manner of Newton's experiments, obtain a formula to determine their coefficient of restitution from observation of the distance the striking ball follows the other one. Also, given the coefficient of restitution e, find the obliquity of impact required to deflect the impinging ball into a direction making an angle 6 with its original path ; and show that the deflection cannot 14 e {(8(1—e)}t exceed tan! 2. Projectiles can be discharged from a fixed point in all directions, with given velocity. Show that, neglecting aerial resistance. the space which is within range is bounded, in each vertical plane through the point of projection, by a parabola with that point as focus. Two combatants can project missiles with veloci- ties V, and V, respectively, and they manceuvre on uneven ground so that each is just outside the 1893.] INDIA CIVIL SERVICE :(—OPEN COMPETITION. 69 range of the other. Prove that their difference of . V2.-V.z2 iia : level is then rheert, and their distance apart is = ¥;: <4 ¥.? i 3. A heavy mass is supported by two light cords of length [, separately fastened to it, and each inclined atethe same angle a to the vertical. When the mass is released by burning through one of the cords, prove that the pull on the other cord is immediately altered in the ratio of 2 cos® a to unity ; and find to what extent it is still further altercd in the subsequent fall of the mass. 4. A pulley is composed of a string passing several times over a fixed sheaf and under a moveable sheaf, so as to form n vertical segments between them ; show that, if friction and the mass of the string are neglected, and a total load W is attached to the moveable sheaf, while a weight P is hung on to the free end of the string, the load W will descend with acceleration W —aP Tou W +4 n*P A massless cord passes over two fixed pulley- blocks A and B, and under a moveable block C, so that its segments are vertical ; 1t carries masses m,, mn, at its ends. and the block C carries a mass ma Show that if these masses are let go, the acceleration of C will be 1 & 1 4 oy + my mg 1 1 id — gree ofr rs m; My Mg and find the pull sustained by each fixed block. 5. A small mass is suspended by a thread of length I, from a point which is carried round in a horizontal circle of radius ¢ with uniform angular velocity w ; prove that when the motion has become steady the suspending thread will be inclined to the vertical at an angle a given by the exact equation ¢ + lsin a = 7 tan a. CIVIL SERVICE COMMISSION : [AUGUST, Show (by tracing the graphs of the two sides of this equation, or otherwise) that it has always two real roots, and has also two others when ¢ is Jess than a certain limiting value. Describe the corres- ponding steady motions. 6. Being given that the centre of fluid pressure on a triangular lamina is the same as the centre of gravity of three masses proportional to thei# depths, placed at the middle points of its sides,— deduce that the centre of pressure of a polygonal lamina may be obtained in a similar manner by dividing into triangles, and placing at the middle points of the sides of each triangle masses jointly proportional to the depth and to its area. Apply this method to find the depth of the centre of pressure on a regular hexagon of side a, immersed vertically with its centre at depth A. 7. Prove that the resultant of the fluid pressures over the surface of a solid, which is wholly or partially immersed in a heavy liquid, consists of a single force ; and show further that when there is a vertical plane of symmetry, this force may be con- sidered as acting at a point in the solid which remains fixed in it when the solid is subjected to small disturbances in the plane of symmetry. A segment of a solid wooden ball, bounded by a plane face, is thrown into a tank of water ; show that it will float in stable equilibrium wich the plane face either upward or downward. How would a slice of the ball bounded by two parallel planes float ? 8. A heavy solid, floating on water, is partially sustained by a chain attached to it; show that the chain will hang vertically. A cylindrical caisson, or diving-bell, stands on the floor of a dock with a length 4 of its upper part occupied by air. The weight of the caisson 1s equal to the weight of water that would fill it to a height a. Show that as it is being hauled up by its chain, it would become buoyant at a certain stage and rush up to the surface if the ratio of the 1893.] INDIA CIVIL SERVICE :—OPEN COMPETITION. 71 depth of the dock to the height of the water- . barometer exceeded (p—o)a _ 1 ph 5 where o is the density of water and p that of the iron of which the caisson is made. 9. A U-tube, of uniform bore, is fixed vertically with the bend uppermost, and its open ends dipping into two wide es troughs, situated at di tnt levels, a length a round the bend being occupie by air, and the remainder by columns of mercury of total length ¢. One of the troughs 1s aw lowered by a small distance h; prove that the length in the tube occupied by air is thereby in- ah 9H + a = ¢ approximately, where H is the height of the barometer. » creased by 10. Give a precise demonstration that when a mass of liquid is at rest in any field of force, the i force is at each point of the free surface direc along the normal. Derive the form of the free surface when a vessel containing heavy liquid is whirling round a fixed axis like a solid body. + A U-tube, with its branches vertical and a dis- tance ¢ apart, contains mercury, and is whirled ond one of the branches as axis, with steady wager velocity w; the cross-sections of the two branc on are o, and op. Show that owing to the J the mercury in the revolving branch op, will rise above the mean level by an amount : or, w® c? o, +o, 29 which is quite independent of the form of the lower part of the tube. CIVIL SERVICE COMMISSION : [AUGuUsT, ADVANCED PURE MATHEMATICS. (1). [Full marks may be obtained for about two-thirds of this paper. ] Not more than one of the questions 1, 2, to be answered. 1. Prove that the Napierian base ¢ is an incommensur- able quantity. Prove also that is an incommen- surable quantity. 2. Show that e* —2cos fd + ¢% = 4sin?10 10 {1 ca ¥ r=—w | + (277 a ap the product extending to all positive and negative integral values of r, Show that 5 1 __ Cos 0 re—o (0 + 7) sind @ Not more than two of the questions 3, 4, 5, to be answered 8. A spherical triangle is right-angled at C: obtaj relations g oS ang e at C ’ obtain the cos ¢ = cot A cot B, tana = tan A sin b. The middle point of AB is E, and th : : from C meets AR in D ; show that i tan DOE = nA — tan B sec a + sec b 4. In any spherical triangle, prove that cot a sin b = cot A sin C + cos b cos C. The sides ‘AB, BC of a spheric: i ’ pherical quadrilateral ABCD are denoted by a, b respectivel | angle ABD by 6. Prove that peeavely. 00d ts tan = 0S @8inb — sin a (cos bcos B + cot C sin B) — cot Asin b + sin a (cos b sin B ~— cot C cos By 5. Show that there are only five regular solids, and obtain their characteristic numbers, Prove that the edge of an icosahedron inscribed In a sphere subtends an angle tan=! 2 at the centre. 1893.] INDIA CIVIL SERVICE :— OPEN COMPETITION. 73 . Not more than two of the questions 6, 7, 8, to be answered. 6. If a triangle can be inscribed in one conic and cir- cumscribed to another, the invariants of the conics must be connected by the relation 0? = 4A@’. Three tangents are drawn to an ellipse so that the radius of the circle, which circumscribes the triangle formed by them, is a given quantity ; show that the locus of the centre of that circle is a quartic curve. 7. Show that a plane curve, which has the maximum number of double points that can be possessed by a curve of its order, 1s unicursal. A plane quartic having a triple point is unicursal. 8. Show that from any point, that does not lie on a plane non-singular cubic, six tangents can be drawn to the curve; and that from any point on it four tangents can be drawn to the curve other than the tangent through the point. Are there any excep- tions to the last result ? Show that, if a straight line meet such a cubic in three points A, B, C, the polar conics of A BC have four points common and touch the cubic 1n A, B, C respectively. Not more than two of the questions 9, 10, 11, te be answered. 9. Find the envelope of a family of curves defined by the equation J 9 0)=0; and obtain the conditions that any particular curve shall have contact of the second order with the envelope. Circles are described on radii vectores of Bernoulli’s lemniscate (7* = a cos 20) as diameters ; show that their envelope is the curve r? = a? cos3 3 0. 10. Explain what is meant by the intrinsic equation of a plane curve. Prove that the three equations, x=clogsecy, y=c(tanyy—1), s=c(secy— 1), represent one and the same curve. 7. CIVIL SERVICE COMMISSION : [AucusrT, 11, Investigate the values of the radii of curvature of a curve at a double puint. Obtain the (equal) radii of curvature at the node of the curve r= 2a (1 4 cos seca) in the form « tan a. Not more than three of the questions 12, 13, 14, 15, to be answered, 12. Obtain the value of the integral ( [ 1 y=1 dig dy, taken for all positive values of and of y, such that #* + 3 } ¢*, in the form 1 o2+om Lr (m d I'(l+ m4 1) By means of this result, obtain an expression for the value of | [ Zyl f(a? + by?) da dy, taken for all positive values of x and of y, such that ax? + by® 13. When a closed curve rolls along a straight line and a point O connected with the curve generates a roulette, the length of the roulette is equal to the ~ perimeter of the pedal of the curve with respect to O ; and the area of the roulette is double of the area of the pedal. 14. Prove that, if p and g be two functions of # and Y, which are uniform, finite and continuous for all points within a bounded region of the plane of z, y, then fiz - 2) dz dy =|(p da + q dy), the double integral extending over the whole of the region, and the single integral being taken positively round its boundary. Apply this to show that [7 (2) dz = 0, where z denotes « + y /— 1, and the integral is taken round any curve over the interior of which J (2) is uniform, finite and continuous. 1893.] INDIA CIVIL SERVICE :—OPEN COMPETITION. 79 15. Show that the dependent variable y, determined so as to make the integral ["f( y, p) de acquire either a maximum or a minimum value, satisfies the equation 1-1) oy dx \dp p denoting dy/dx. Apply this to prove that, if two points on the same side of a line be joined by a curve, and the curve be rotated about the line, the surface thus generated will have a minimum area when the curve 1s part of a catenary. ADVANCED PURE MATHEMATICS. (2.) [Full marks may be obtained for about two-thirds of this paper. | Not more than one of the questions 1, 2, to be answered. 1. If s,, 8, ... denote the sums of the successive powers of the roots of the equation at — ay, aL 4 ax? — (=) = 0 show that Sig 85 8 PTatE rr _ xr = 2020 +. 4 0 (=), i at — ax” 4 (=) a. If X = Ads’ + 3B2* + 8Cx + D and «,, x,, @4 be the roots of the equation (az + b)* = X = 0, show that X, XX; = {Awywgr; + B (wx; + 232, + yy) + C (2, + 2, + 25) + D§° where X,, X,, X; are what X becomes when &,, x, w3 are respectively substituted for a. 76 CIVIL SERVICE COMMISSION : [AUGUST 2. What is the rational integral symmetric function, of lowest degree in the coetlicients, of the roots of the equation @® + cat — dad + ex — fx +g = 0, which vanishes when #* + px — ¢ is a factor of the left-hand side ? Show that this symmetric function, expressed in terms of’ the coefficients, is a numerical multiple of (c* — de) (I? — 49) — (cd — 2f)% Not more than two of the questions 3, 4, 5 to be answered. 8. Explain how to find the eliminant of two binary quantics in a form which is free from extraneous factors. Show that the eliminant of the two cubics ax’ + bx + cx + d ax? 4+ ba + ce + d is given by the determinant ab’ — a'b ac’ — a’c ad — a'd ac’ — a'c ad — a'd + be’ — be bd — Vd ad — ad bd" — b'd cd’ — cd . Sketch briefly the proof of the theorem : “Every homogeneous function of the second degree in n variables 18 the sum of the squares of n or fewer linear functions of the variables.” Show how to express x? + x, + edie mR (2 + 2, + a 58 + z.)" as the sum of = squares of linear functions. If a binary quartic be a perfect square, show that it can only differ by a numerical factor from its Hessian. Show that “this is equivalent to two conditions only, and find them for the quartic axt + 4ba® 4 6ca® + 4dx + e. Not more than three of the questions 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 to be answered, 6. Show how to integrate Clairant’s form of ordinary differential equation of the first order, and show the geometrical signification of the two solutions when both exist. Solve the equations (1) y+ log p= pa. (2) e=p(p+y) 1893.] INDIA CIVIL SERVICE :—OPEN COMPETITION. 77 7. Explain the constitution of the homogeneity which subsists in certain classes of differential equations, and indicate the general method of solution. Solve 3 d% | 2? = + ax Z+ia—-1py= 0. * 8. Distinguish between “total” and * partial” dif- ferential equations, and show that an equation of the form Pdr + Qdy+ Rdz=0 will not lead to an equation of the form Q(z, 9,2) =0 unless a certain condition is satisfied, and determine the condition. Obtain the primitives of the equations (1.) yzdx — zxdy — y*dz = 0. (2) zldz, + xddx, + x dry + x, dx, + 8 (aw de, + xm de, + xie,drg + xlegdx,) = 0. 9. Prove that Euler's equation X~tdx + Y3dy = 0; where X = a + bx + cx* + ex? + ft, Y=ua+by+ cy’ +e’ +1y leads to the algebraic relation 3 __ vie (Eo) =Cteetn+se+o) 10. If u=1+4az+ ax +... Su) =p +px+px +... the coefficients of f («) qud function of u being in- dependent of p, (fu)yl=0b,+ bx + ba* +... show that the solutions of the partial differential equation 7 7 di | z 2 hi Bot... 0 b da, +4 da, 1% dag tt are given by Pos Pas Pas + + + + the coefficients, omitting p,, in the expansion of J (w). Thence or otherwise solve the partial differential equations dz . dz dz es (i) Cie Adi lid CIVIL SERVICE COMMISSION : [AUGuUsT, iy 2 “dz d yA LY, 07 Ly a? 2 (ii da, +3 da, + § (4a, — a?) da, + 15 (8ag — 4ay0, + a,® % yt ANG | ‘4 No more than four of the questions 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16 to be answered, 11. If a right circular cone be cut by a plane so that the section is an ellipse, give a geometrical construction for the position of the foci. If a vessel in the form of a frustum of a right circular cone be filled with water and tilted until the base section begins to be uncovered, compare the volume of the fluid spilt with that of the fluid remaining. 12. Find the conditions that the most general equation of the second degree in three variables may repre- sent an hyperboloid of one sheet. Find the discriminating cubic of the surface x* + 29° + 32% — dew — day = 5, and find its nature. 13. Prove that all plane sections of a quadrie are conics, and that all parallel sections are similar conics. Find the area of the section of the ellipsoid a? | oy 2 wt pta= 1 by any plane lx + my + nz = 0, and thence show that if central plane sections of an ellipsoid be of constant area their planes touch the cone 168F — ove T Tea — ov: tT eg —ove = © where A is the area of the sections and V the volume of the ellipsoid. 14. Find the conditions that the plane lx + my + nz=0 may cut the quadrie ax® + by® + 2 + 2fyz + 292 + Shay = 1 in a circular section, 1898.] INDIA CIVIL SERVICE :— OPEN COMPETITION. 79 Thence show that at an umbilic of the surface F (x, 9,2) = 0, d?F uy d?F [27% 0 d*F dF dF (a) + (5) is equal to two similar expressions. 15. Define a “line of striction” on any skew surface. and show that one line of striction of the paraboloid 2 @ is the intersection of the surface and the plane xX I fet = = 2 16. Prove Dupin’s theorem that if three series of sur- faces intersect at right angles at all their common points the curve of intersection of any two is a line of curvature on each. : ADVANCED APPLIED MATHEMATICS. (1.) [Full marks may be obtasned for about two-thirds of this paper, Great value will be attached to clearness and precision in the answers. ] 1. Prove that two systems of forces, applied to any rigid frame, are equivalent if they perform equal amounts of work for all possible small displacements of the frame from its actual position. Show that ¥ P,P, ...5nd P,P), ... are any two systems of forces, whose resultants are forces R and R/, together with couples wR and ='R’ acting rouud their lines of action, respectively, then SPP’ cos (PP) = RR cos (RR) 3PP’p sin (PP) =RR’ {(z+=') cos (RR) + rsin (RR')}, where (PP’) is the angle between the lines of action of P and P’, p is the shortest distance hetween those lines, and r the shortest distances between R and R". . ’ 80 CIVIL SERVICE COMMISSION : [AUGUST, 2. An arch of masonry is loaded in a given manner ; show how to construct the polygon whose sides represent the thrusts between contiguous members of the arch, the position of one of these sides being given. Show that in the limit, when the number of members is very great, the form of the arch should be such that the projection of the vertical chord of curvature on the normal is at each point inversely proportional to the load per unit length of arch. + 3. Define, and explain the importance of, the potential energy of a gravitating system. Prove from first principles that the energy of a system of homogeneous gravitating spheres, of masses M;, M,, . . ., and radii a,, a,, . . . is’ : gM MN, 2 a 9 where 7, 1s the distance between the centres of the corresponding spheres. Show that if the spheres are heterogeneous, so that the density p is a function of the distance r from the centre, the first term of this expression must be replaced by 167° [ “drpr [ crore, 0 0 4. In the theory of the gravitation potential, give a rigorous proof that, on crossing a sheet of finite surface-density o, the rate of variation of the poten- tial along the normal is discontinuous by an amount 4wo. By determining the distribution of matter which produces inside the ellipsoid #*/a® + 32/0? + 22/c* = 1 a potential log (x*/a® 4+ y*/b* + 2%/c¢?), and outside it a potential zero, deduce that a solid ellipsoid whose density is at its surface 1/a® + 1/b% + 1/c® — 2/p?, and at points on the same radius vector is inversely as the square of the distance from the centre; exerts the same attraction in outside space as if its muss were distributed in a sheet over the sur- face, with density inversely as the distance p of the tangent plane from the centre. J 1898.] INDIA CIVIL SERVICE :--OPEN COMPETITION. 81 5. A comet describes a hyperbolic orbit round the Sun; show that the time ¢ is connected with the vectorial angle 0 through the equations 3 ‘ 3 ) t =esinhu — wu, tani = (6 T ) tanh du. eC — Interpret u in terms of the area swept out by a radius vector drawn to the centre of the hyperbola. number of particles are in free motion in space, under each others’ attraction according to the law of the first power of the distance. Show that each of them describes a plane ellipse; and show also (with precise explavation of terms) that the apparent orbits, as seen from any one of them, will also be plane ellipses. Two stars of masses M and M’, at a great distance apart, are moving in parallel lines at distance s from each other, with velocities V and V’; show that the effect of their mutual attraction according to the law of gravitation, during the time they are in each other's neighbourhood, will be to swing their directions of motion round through equal angles 8, where tan 18 = su?/m, in which m =M + M, and vu =V — V’. Also find the distance between them when they are nearest together. particle is in motion inside a fine fixed frictionless tube, in a field of force in which its potential energy is V; find, in direction and magnitude, the pressure against the tube in any position of the particle. A circular hoop of radius « is revolving uni- formly, on a horizontal table, about a fixed centre in its plane at a distance ¢ from the centre of the hoop ; a particle on the inner surface of the hoop at a point whose radius makes an angle a with the line of centres produced, is detached and runs along the circumference ; show that it will not leave the hoop if « is less than a right angle, but will oscillate along it with angular amplitude a exactly in the manner of a simple pendulum of length ga/w’c, where w is the angular velocity of the hoop. 8. In the free orbit of a particle in a field of force, let A denote the value of [mV ds from the point (%,9,2)), to the point (ay.z,), V being the velocity, and ds (9720) F CIVIL SERVICE COMMISSION : [AUGUST, an element of arc; then if the orbit is varied in any manner by means of frictionless constraints which add no energy, show that OA = (mu, 8x, + mv, Sy, + mw, 82,) — (mu, x; + mv, Sy, + mw, 8z,) + t oF, where ¢ is the time of passage, and SE a variation that may be given to the total energy of the orbit. Deduce that A is a function of the initial and final positions and E; and (taking the axes of z, and z, along the arc) deduce on the notions of the corpuscular theory of Optics, that in vision across any heterogeneous media, the apparent distance of P from Q is equal to the apparent distance of Q from P if the indices of refraction at these points are equal, while in general these apparent distances are proportional to the indices. 9. A beam of white light from a hurhinous point is obliquely refracted at a small portion of a spherical surface ; show that the primary image consists of a spectrum of colours whose angular breadth increases with the angle of incidence ; and prove that this spectrum 1s spread along a curve such that the square of the cosine of the angle between the axis of the refractor and the radius vector, drawn from its pole to a point on the curve, is proportional to the distance of this point from a fixed line through the pole. Show that in a certain case this curve is a circle. 10. Show that the caustic by refraction of a radiant point is the evolute of a surface, on which lie the points reached by measuring backwards along the refracted rays lengths equal to the incident rays divided by the index of refraction. Prove that the caustic of a radiant point formed by a cylindrical reflector is always a cylindrical surface, and that the same is true after any number of reflexions in cylindrical reflectors with parallel axes. What is the exact form of the caustic curve ‘traced on the surface of liquid in a cup, by sunlight reflected at the cylindrical side of the cup ? 1893.] INDIA CIVIL SERVICE :—OPEN COMPETITION. 83 . . 11. Explain and justify Fresnel’s expression for the dis- turbance produced, at a given point in advance, by luminous undulations travelling out across a given wave-front ; and verify that it is immaterial at what wave-front of the undulation it is supposed to be divided up into elements. The aperture of a telescope is limited to a rect- angle of sides a and b, and it is then pointed to a star; show that for homogeneous light of wave- length A, the intensity of illumination at a point x, in the image-plane will be proportional to TAL ™) / oo my (sin NF sin v7 WF) Give the corresponding result for a parallel beam incident on a cylindrical lens, which is placed in front of a narrow straight slit of breadth a, with its length in a principal plane of the lens. How does the maximum concentration of the light depend on the area of the aperture and the angle of the converging beam in these two cases? 12. Describe briefly the essential optical differences be- tween uniaxial and biaxial crystals, and the pheno- mena to which they give rise. A slice of uniaxial crystal, with its plane perpen- dicular to the optic axis, is ground down to the form of a thin wedge with a straight edge ; show that, when it is examined in converging polarized light, the fringes near the centre of the field will be approximately of the form given by the equation 13 cos @ = constant ; and sketch the appearance which they will present. ADVANCED APPLIED MATHEMATICS. (2.) [ Full marks will be given for answering about two-thirds of this paper.) 1. A bar revolving with a given angular velocity around a fixed axis, perpendicular to its length, strikes a sphere, which is moving in a direction perpendicular (9720) 7 2 84 CIVIL SERVICE COMMISSION : [AUGUST, to the bar : determine*the motion of the bar and of the sphere after collision, (1) supposing the bodies perfectly inelastic, (2) taking the forces of restitution into account. Find at what point of its length the bar should strike the sphere in order that the velocity of the sphere after collision should be a maximum. 2. A body starting from rest turns round a fixed hori. zontal axis under the influence of gravity. Deter- mine, for any position during the motion, the angular velocity of the body and the stress on the fixed axis. A uniform circular lamina is placed on a rough horizontal table, with its centre beyond the edge of the table : determine the motion of the lamina be- fore it slips, and its inclination to the table when slipping begins. 3. Define the moment of momentum, relative to a fixed axis, of any system in motion. If H,, H,, H; be, respectively, the moments of momentum of a rigid body relative to a rectangular system of axes passing through its centre of inertia 7; and if 0), w,, ®; be its angular velocities relative to the same axes, prove that at any instant we have dH _,/dH \ T= Ua = Bao + Hy, dH, \ -+ m, ( dt Z — Ho, wr Hoy ) d where H is the moment of momentum relative to the axis passing through G whose direction cosines are [, m, n. Hence deduce Euler's well-known equations, viz, :—— d A= — (B= 0) wy = L, BO yn, = 2 C95 — (A —~B) wu, = N. 1893.] INDIA CIVIL SERVICE :— OPEN COMPETITION. 8) 1 rout lee \ 4. If any material system start from rest under the action of given impulses, write down the general equation obtained from combining D’Alembert’s principle with that of virtual velocities. wi If u, v, w be the components of the initial velocity of any particle in of the system ; and if % ', w’ be the components of the initial velocity o the same particle, under the action of the se impulses, when the system 1s supposed to le Sub jected to any additional constrawnt ; prove that we have 0 if Lo Som (uw + ov’ 4 ww’) =m (u? + 0% + w?). Hence, or otherwise, show that the kinetic energy of the latter motion is always less than that of the former; and give a general expression for the difference between the two energies. 5. A free body is set in motion by an impulse of given agnitude applied at a given point of the body, a ae fame the EL. of the axis of initial rotation. Determine also the direction of the im- pulse so that the resulting kinetic energy of the body shall be (1) a minimum, (2) a maximum. 6. Tn the small oscillatory motion of any system, if T be its kinetic energy at any instant, and V its pen tial energy, both being expressed In terms o e generalised system of coordinates, 6,, 0, . oO, ; prove that we have, approximately, 7 equations o the form — — ee. qm Hence show that the determination of the motion reduces to the solution of a determinant equation ; and prove that the roots of this equation are always - real. 7. Investigate the positions of equilibrium of a uniform 1 pti 1 i Determine lid elliptic cylinder floating on water. nin re An the position where the axis 1s vertical should he one of stable equilibrium. If this position be stable find the greatest mass that can be placed at the centre of the upper face of the cylinder without affecting its stability. 86 CIVIL SERVICE COMMISSION : | AUGUST, 8. If the boundary of an incompressible fluid be suddenly set In motion in any prescribed manner, prove that (1) the resulting motion of the fluid is irrotational, and is determinate; (2) the resulting energy 1s less than that of any other motion of the fluid that is compatible with the boundary conditions. Investigate the motion of a liquid contained within a hollow equilateral triangular prism, pro- duced by the rotation of the prism about its axis with a given angular velocity. 9. In a fluid in a state of continuous motion prove that a vortex line passing through a given particle will always pass through the same system of particles, and that the product of the resultant molecular angular velocity and the cross-section of a vortex tube is constant for all points of the tube, and is independent of the time. 10. Enumerate the errors in the adjustment of a transit instrument, and show how to determine the effect on the time of transit of a star arising from a small error (1) in level, (2) in collimation, (3) in azimuth. 11. Show how, at a given place, to find the time by an observation of the altitude of a known star ; and show that the observation should be made when the star 1s as near as possible to the prime vertical, in order that an error in the observed altitude should produce the least error in the time. Also show that a small error in the latitude produces in the latter case no error in the time. ELEMENTARY CHEMISTRY. 1. State Avogadro's theorem, and indicate the grounds for thinking it true. Show how it leads to the following conclusions, namely, that— («) the molecule of hydrogen consists of two atoms ; (0) the atomic weight of phosphorus does not exceed 31 ; (¢) the Bleaylar weight of phosphorus vapour 8, 12d, 1693.] INDIA CIVIL SERVICE ;—OPLN COMPETITION. 87 2. What experiments would you make, and what argu- ments would you advance, if required to demon- strate the presence of sulphur in sulphuric acid, of nitrogen in nitric acid, of carbon in chalk, and of iron in potassium ferrocyanide ? 3. Describe in detail how to obtain and collect carbon monoxide from inorganic materials. Give an ac- count of the properties of that substance. How is it proved that the oxygen in two litres of it would, if separated, fill one litre at the same tem- perature and pressure ! 4. 1'9 gram of a salt when ignited evolved steam and carbon dioxide, and the residue weighed 1-311 gram. Also 1'5 gram of the salt treated with sulphuric acid evolved carbon dioxide which, at standard temperature and pressure, measured 335 c.c.; and the liquid, evaporated and ignited, left only neutral potassium sulphate which weighed 1:305 gram. Calculate a formula for the salt. (K = 39.) 5. (dive an account of the preparation of aniline, and explain the chemistry of the process. Describe the chief properties of aniline. 6. Quote evidence which affords proof that acetic acid contains a single methyl group, and that acetone contains two such groups. On what grounds is ethylic acetate termed an ethereal salt? Fully describe how you would determine the boiling point of this latter substance. 7. State what you know regarding the conditions under which zinc will dissolve in sulphuric acid, and silver in nitric acid, and under which a mixture of carbon monoxide and oxygen is explosive. 8. How is a nitrate converted into a nitrite ? What are the properties of the nitrites, including nitrous acid ? How is nitric acid estimated ? 9. Explain the expressions ‘ Heat of formation of water,” < Heat of neutralization of an acid.” How, in principle, are they measured ? 10. Define an alkali, Make a classification of hydroxides as alkaline or otherwise. 88 CIVIL SERVICE COMMISSION : [AUuGUsT, ELEMENTARY CHEMISTRY. (Practica. Work.) Time allowed, 8 hours. — 1. The Bsn marked A contains two metals. Find out w ; ‘1t] : ’ i these metals are, writing an exact account of each experiment vou make. 2. You are provided with a solution of sulphuric acid containing 4'9 grams per litre, and are required to accurately determine with the aid of this the strength, in grams per litre, of the solution of hydrochloric acid marked B. Give a detailed account of the process you employ. PHYSICS. (ELEMENTARY PAPER.) ——— [N.B.—No credit will be given Jor answers to more than EIGHT questions. | I. In an Atwood’s machine the heavier weight weighs 11 grammes and the lighter one 10 : if friction and the inertia of the pulley may be neglected, find the acceleration of the weights and the tension in the string, 2. Explain the principle of the reversible endul (Kater’s), and show how the value of “y Fn i determined by means of it. 3. Water, snow, and powdered sal-ammoniac, all at 0° C., are mixed two at a time. Show which of the three mixtures will have the highest, and which the lowest temperature, and why. =~ 4, Describe what 1S meant, b th h . ne of liqui ds y the sp eroidal condition 1893.] INDIA CIVIL SERVICE :— OPEN COMPETITION. 89 5. What conditions determine the pitch of the note given out by an organ-pipe? When the tempera- ture of the air is 16° C. the note of a given organ- pipe makes five beats per second with that of a given tuning-fork, and when the temperature of the air is 26°'3 it makes five beats in two seconds with the same fork, the beats becoming more rapid when the temperature is raised still higher. Supposing the pitch of the tuning-fork to remain constant, determine its number of vibrations per second. 6. A lens gives (a) a magnified, (b) a diminished image of an object on a screen at a distance of 4 feet from the object. If the linear size of the magnified image is 9 times that of the diminished image, what is the focal length of the lens? : 7. Describe the different kinds of polarized light. How would you distinguish between unpolarized light and circular polarized light ? 8. A thin circular disk of steel 1s uniformly magnetized. Show how to find the direction of magnetization. 9. A Leyden jar is charged and placed on an insulating stand. Discuss the effect of repeatedly connecting the coatings one after the other with the inside of the room. 10. How does the amount of heat produced in unit time in a conductor by a current passing through it vary with the strength of the current and the resistance of the conductor? Ten lamps, each having a resistance of 50 ohms, are placed in parallel : compare the amount of heat produced in the lamps with that produced in the leads, the resistance of the latter being one ohm. 11. Explain what is meant by the self-induction of a circuit, and define the coefficient of self-induction. Describe some arrangement by which the existence and effects of self-induction can be demonstrated experimentally. 90 CIVIL SERVICE COMMISSION : AUGUST, ELEMENTARY PHYSICS. (Practica Work.) Time allowed, 3 hours. Lead carefully what follows : [DirECTIONS 10 CANDIDATES. — Bach Candidate may attempt three experiments, but not more; these are to be chosen from the following list before beginning work. The Examiner will decide the order in which each Candidate shall take the experiments chosen by ham, but in so doing he will consult any wish expressed by the Candidate, so fur as this may be practicable. The papers given in must record the readings obtained direct from the instruments used, as well as the final results deduced from them. The Examiner does not undertake to complete unfinashed calculations, nor to unravel any that he cannot make out with tolerable ease. Hence, even good observations are liable to count for little or nothing unless they are properly and clearly worked out. In marking the papers, credit will not be given merely for the quantity of work done. Special im- portance will be attached to accuracy and to evidence that the proper precautions have been attended. to. ] A. Determine the apparent volume of water and of paraffin oul at temperatures near 0° and 100° C., and at six or eight intermediate temperatures, and plot the results as expansion-curves on squared paper. B. Make two determinations of the latent heat of fusion of ice. [Take the specific heat of tin-plate (for the calorimeter) as 0°11.] 1893.) INDIA CIVIL SERVICE :—OPEN COMPETITION. 91 C. ine the wave-length of the note of the given Dit by means of a resonating column of air. Hence, tind the vibration-frequency of the fork. [Velocity of sound in air at ¢” = 33240 + 60 ¢ centimetres per second, nearly. | D. asur Wheatstone’s bridge the resistance of the A ’p and Q, each le] in terms of the standard S, also their resistance when combined (i.) in series, (ii.) in multiple arc. E. : ine the deflection of the given galvanometer pro- De os various differences of temperature of the thermoelectric junctions, taking eight or ten points from near 0° to near 100°, ii Assuming the electromotive force of the circuit to be proportional to the difference of temperatures, use the results of the experiment to plot a curve showing the relation between the deflection of the galvanometer and the strength of the current. F. Compare the magnetic moments of the given magnets by the method of vibration. HIGHER CHEMISTRY. (1.) [Candidates are not allowed to answer more than five westions, and answers to five are necessary to obtawn Jfull marks. ] uivalent and the atomic weight of k A a been determined. Certain com- pounds of calcium are dimorphous ; discuss the question whether the difference indicated by this dimorphism is a difference of the same kind as the difference between red and waxy phosphorus, that is, whether the difference of properties is to be ascribed to similar causes in the two cases 1893.] INDIA CIVIL SERVICE :(—OPEN COMPETITION. 93 92 CIVIL SERVICE COMMISSION : [AvcusT, 2. What is the ““ molecular refraction’ of a substance ? HER CHEMISTRY. (2. State how it is measured, and the laws which 1t hic (2) follows. Show what aid it affords in determining the constitution of organic compounds. [Candidates are not allowed to attempt more than five questions, and answers to five are necessary to obtain full marks.] 3. Compare the advantages of Hofmann’s method of determining vapour densities with those of V, Meyer's method in which the expelled air is measured. The molecular weight of acetic acid 1. Chemists now recognise the existence of two great as obtained by these methods is not always the groups of compounds —closed and open chain com- same ; what variations cf this weight have been ounds : what is the nature of the evidence which observed ? Is there any proof, and if so what, has led to the conclusion that closed chains exist ; that there are corresponding variations in the whatspecial propertiesdo the closed chain compounds molecule of liquid and of solid acetic acid ? exhibit ; and what number and kind of elements may ; ; ; . : iti hain ? 4. Trace the steps in the synthesis of optically active enter into the composition of a closed chain tartaric acid. 2. Discuss the oxides of nitrogen. 5. Show, by examples, the general nature of the influence en dr fr the ee of organic EY 3. Give an account of persulphuric acid and persulphates. by the substitution in them of chlorine for hydrogen. What difference would you expect iu the properties of the chloranilines obtained (1) by the chlorination of aniline, and (2) by the chlorination and subsequent reduction of nitro benzene ; and what are the reasons for that ex- 4. Supposing that you had obtained an organic substance and found that it contained an atom of oxygen in its molecule, what experiments would you propose to make with it in order to ascertain to what class of oxygenated carbon compounds it belonged ? pectation ? 5. Write a brief essay ondissociation, but without ie ence 6. Define the avidity of acids according to Thomsen, to the purely hypothetical conception of ionic disso- and explain how it is measured. State the general ciation. results at which Thomsen has arrived in regard to the thermal effects of neutralization of acids and bases; and show whether they support the theory that the heat of chemical combination is due to a force of mutual attraction between the combining atoms or molecules. 7. Give an account of the preparation and chief pro- 7. How would you examine a water In otter bo usverialn perties of salicylic acid, and state how it differs its fitness for dietetic purposes * from its isomers. Quote facts from which the constitution of these bodies may be inferred. 6. Within recent years much information has been gained bearing on the question of the molecular weights of metals—state your views on this subject. Also give some account of the influence of impurities on the properties of metals. 94 CIVIL SERVICE COMMISSION : [AuGusT, HIGHER CHEMISTRY. (Practical Work.—Paper I.) —— Time allowed, 3 hours. Examine the contents of bottle A, and give your opinion as to their nature. State how you propose to verify your conclusion by the quantitative deter- mination of one or more constituents; you will then be required to determine at least one con- stituent. Write out an account of your work as you proceed with it. HIGHER CHEMISTRY. (Practical Work.—Paper II.) Time allowed, 38 hours. 1. Accurately determine the amount of free iodine in the given solution of iodine in potassium iodide. How would you propose to determine the total 10dine ? 2. Identify the substances B and C. [Be careful to write out an exact account of your work.] HIGHER PHYSICS, (1.) [Candidates are not allowed to attempt more than six questions, and answers to six are necessary to obtain Jull marks. ] 1. Define the coefficient of viscosity of a gas. Explain why it is that, in consequence of the viscosity of the air, rain drops, &c., falling through the air attain ultimately a uniform velocity. 1893.] INDIA CIVIL SERVICE :—OPEN COMPETITION. 95 2. What is meant by the “critical temperature” of a gas? Show how it can be determined by observa- tions on the relation between the pressure and density of a gas. Describe the methods which have been employed to liquefy gases. rd 3. Describe some method of measuring the pitch of a note. What method would you adopt if the note was too shrill to be audible ? 4. Describe and explain on the undulatory theory of light the appearance presented when a small aper- ture through which light passes is viewed through a lens. 5. Define what is meant by the capacity of a condenser, and describe some method by which the capacities of two condensers may be compared. What are the dimensions of a capacity, (1) on the electrostatic, (2) on the electromagnetic system of units? 6. Explain the principles by which you would determine the distribution of steady currents amongst a net- work of conductors. ABCD, EFGH are two square frameworks made of uniform wire, the centres of the squares are coincident, and the sides AB, BC, CD, DA are parallel respectively to EF, FG, GH, HE; the points AE, BF, CG, DH are joined by wire of the same kind as that of which the frameworks are made. If AB = 2EF, find the resistance between the points B and D in terms of the resistance AB. 7. The apparent resistance of a wire to a rapidly varying current is not the same as to a steady current. Give a general explanation of this. 8. Describe some method of measuring the relation between the magnetic induction and the magnetic force in a piece of iron. Give an account of the nature of this relation. 96 CIVIL SERVICE COMMISSION : [AUGUST, HIGHER PHYSICS. (2.) Y : 4 . [Candidates aie not allowed to attempt more than six questions, and answers to six are necessary to obtain Jull marks. ] 9. Describe and explain a method of measuring Young's modulus for a given material by experiments on the bending of a cylindrical or prismatic rod of that material. 10. Show that the saturation-pressure of a vapour in con- tact with the corresponding liquid varies with the curvature of the liquid surface, and trace the bearing of this fact on the constitution of a cloud of water- particles in saturated air. 11. Find the maximum amount of mechanical energy obtainable by the equalization of temperature be- tween a given mass of water at 100° C., and an equal quantity of ice at 0°. Show also how to calculate the final temperature. 12. Describe some accurate method of measuring the wave-length of a given kind of light, and give the theory of the process so far as it is required to establish the method. 13. Describe and explain the appearances seen in Fresnel’s interference experiment with the bi-prism when white light is used and a small direct- vision spectro- scope 1s substituted for the ordinary eye-piece. Discuss particularly the phenomena visible so far from the centre of the field that no interference- bands can be seen in the ordinary mode of observing. 14. A circular coil of wire, that can be made to revolve uniformly about a horizontal diameter, is Joined up, without a commutator, to a galvanometer (that is, so that there is no periodic inversion of connections as the coil revolves). Neglecting self-induction, investigate the condition for a maximum amplitude of vibration of the galvanometer-needle, and the effect on the amplitude of an alteration of the speed of the coil from that corresponding to the maximum, '1893.] INDIA CIVIL SERVICE :-—OPEN COMPETITION. 97 15. A metal rod is supported axially within a vertical test-tube coated on the outside with tinfoil, and the space between the rod and the inside of the tube is half-filled with a non-conducting liquid (say, paraffin oil) which is connected by a siphon with an additional quantity of the same liquid contained in an open vessel. State and explain the effect of establishing a considerable difference of electric potential between the rod and the tinfoil. 16. A copper disk, rotating about its geometrical axis in a strong magnetic field, the force in which is parallel to the axis of rotation, forms a magneto- electric machine when the centre and circumference are connected by a stationary conductor; and it forms an electro-magnetic motor when a current from an independent source flows between centre and circumference. When the disk is acting as a motor, show what conditions determine the ulti- mate speed of rotation. Also show how, from the measurement of the turning moment due to a given strength of current, to calculate the electromotive force due to a given speed of rotation when the disk is acting as a magneto-electric machine, the intensity of the magnetic field being the same in both cases. HIGHER PHYSICS. (Practica WORK.) Time allowed, 6 hours. [Directions 10 CANDIDATES.— The papers given in must record the readings obtained direct from the instru- ments used as well as the final results deduced from them. The Examiner does not undertake to complete un- finshed calculations. In marking the papers, special importance will be attached to the accuracy of the work done and to evidence that the proper precautions have been attended to. ] (9720) g 98 CIVIL SERVICE COMMISSION : [ AUGUST, I. Determine the value of g by means of the given (approximately) simple pendulum, 2. Assuming the aceuracy of the given weights, test the accuracy of the given litre-flask by weighing distilled water into it and correcting for temperature, weight of displaced air, and, if needful, for inequality of the arms of the balance. 3. Measure the wave-length of light by means of a diffrac- tion-grating. 4. Determine the value of the horizontal component of the earth’s magnetic force, applying all the correc- tions practicable with the given apparatus. 5. Measure the force with which the given electro-magnet holds an iron ball for various measured values of the magnetizing current. 6. Determine the electro-chemical equivalent of water. GEOLOGY. (1.) —————— [Candidates are not allowed to attempt more than six questions, and answers to six are necessary to obtain Jull marks. ] [Lllustrative sections and diagrams should be given wherever possible. ] 1. Give a full description of the minerals Hornblende, Augite, and Diallage. Has any one of this trio been converted into any others? Give the evidence for any such changes, and discuss speculations as to the way in which they have been effected. 2. Mention and describe three rocks in which Quartz is an important ingredient, explaining clearly the form and manner in which it occurs in each. Mention a case in which a sedimentary rock, which is now very largely siliceous, is believed to have been once of different composition. Give the reasons for this belief, and describe a method by which the change may have been brought about. 1893.] INDIA CIVIL SERVICE :—OPEN COMPETITION. 99 3. Contrast the effects of weathering action in Green- land, Britain, and the Sahara, and account for the differences observable in the effects of weathering in the three countries. 4. In what manner, and under what conditions, do Tin- ore and Gold usually occur? Give localities and illustrations of these modes of occurrence. In what way does Tin-ore differ, both in com- position and mode of occurrence, from the ores of the other common metals? State any theoretical explanation of these differences that has been offered. 5. Explain what is meant by the term Zones,” and mention families or genera which have been found specially serviceable in the delimitation of zones. Discuss any explanations that have been put forwards to account for the zonal distribution of fossils, and for the variation that occurs in the thickness of zones. 6. What are overfolds and overfaults ? Discuss the ages of the Scandinavian and Hercynian systems of earth-movement, and contrast the effects produced in the rocks of Britain by the two systems of movement. 7. In what British rocks have remains of birds been discovered ? Describe the noteworthy features of the skeletons of (i) Archaeopteryx ; (ii) the toothed birds of the American cretaceous rocks; (iii) Odontopteryzx. - 8. Describe the lithological character, extent, and general paleontology of the Tertiary Beds of the London Basin, and give an account of the physical geo- graphy of the area and the changes it underwent during their formation. 9. State the age and describe any remarkable features of each of the following deposits :—Bovey lignite, Armorican grits, Waterlime group, Fusulina-lime- stone, Diphyakalk, Upper Quader Sandstein. 10. Write a physiographical sketch of any district with which you are acquainted, giving an account of so (9720) G 2 CIVIL SERVICE COMMISSION : [AUGUST, much of its solid and superficial geology as is necessary to a right comprehension of its physical structure. Illustrate your answer by a map and section or sections indicating the physical features of the district and the relationship of its rocks. GEOLOGY. (2.) [ Candidates are not allowed to attempt more than six questions, and answers to six are necessary to obtain Jull marks. ] [Lllustrative sections and diagrams should be given wherever possible. ] . Name and describe the mineralogical composition of one acid and one basic plutonic rock, and of a volcanic equivalent of each. Describe a case of an ignecus complex, showing plutonic rocks formed in order of decreasing basicity, and state how you account for the sequence of the rocks in the complex. 2. What is meant by a Solfatara? Describe an instance, and state the relationship of solfataric to other phases of volcanic action. Describe Palagonite, and quote localities where the substance is found in Recent and Palaeozoic deposits. 3. Give the broad general characters which distinguish Ice-formed deposits. Describe three different forms of such deposits, and explain how each was pro- duced. State the evidence which has been brought forward in favour of a succession of Glacial Periods, and discuss its vaiue. . (31ve some account of the Vertebrate and Invertebrate fauna of Britain during Palaeolithic times. How do you account for the association, in deposits of Palaeolithic age, of bones of animals which now live under widely different climatic conditions ? 1893.] INDIA CIVIL SERVICE :—OPEN COMPETITION. 101 5. Draw a section showing the position of the Torridon Sandstone relative to the rocks below and above it. What is there in the lithological character of part of this Sandstone which would throw light on its relation to the rocks beneath it, even if no Junctions had been visible? What evidence have we 1n this Sandstone of the former existence of rocks of which no vestige now remains ? Give two possible explanations of what has become of these rocks. 6. Enumerate the main differences between Tetrabran- chiate ana Dibranchiate Cephalopods, and state the range of each order in time. Describe the Dibranchiate genus which is at once the oldest known and the commonest in the rocks where it occurs. ln what formation does this first appear in England ? Where else does it appear earlier, and what 1s the reason for it occurring here at an earlier date ? 7. Mention the three kinds of metamorphism, and state | briefly how rock-change is produced by each kind. Which of the three kinds furnishes the clearest examples of metasomatosis or change of substance in the rock? Give examples of such change having occurred in igneous rocks. 8. The following specimens were collected within a radius of twenty miles from an English town :— Awvicula contorta, Terebratula fimbria, Terebratula hastata, Holoptychius, Clypeus Plotiv, Rhynchonella concinna, Rhynchonella tetrahedra, Atrypa hema- spharica, Celestine, Tentaculites Anglicus, Lima gigantea, Limestone Breccia, Ammonites Murchi- soni, Apiocrinites Parkinsons. State the geological formation from which each of the specimens came, and the zoological class to which each of the fossils belongs, and draw a section showing the geological structure of the district. 9. Describe the structure of a Nummulite. Give the characters and the distribution in space of the Nummulitic Limestone, and mention the beds of Britain of which it is the equivalent. CIVIL SERVICE COMMISSION : [AUGUST, ~ Point out any differences noticeable between the faunas of the Cretaceous rocks developed in the area which contain deposits of Nummulitic Lime- stone, and those of the British Cretaceous system. 10. Mention cases of Radiolarian deposits occurring amongst the sedimentary rocks of Britain. Give the age of each deposit, and describe its relation- ship tu the rocks with which it is associated. Discuss the value of Radiolarian deposits as in- dicative of the prevalence of deep sea in the area at the time of their formation. GEOLOGY. (3. (Pracrioan. EXAMINATION.) -—— Time allowed, 8 hours. — 1. Describe, and illustrate by sections, the more im- portant points in the geological structure of the country comprised in the map given you. 2. A hillside has a slope from north to south of 1 in 6, and is so even that it may be treated as if it were an inclined plane. A fault crosses it, running north and south, and throwing down to the east. The outcrop of a bed of coal, which dips south at 1 in 10, can be traced along the hill on both sides of “we fault. Express these facts in a diagram, and suow how you could determine the throw of the fault from observation at the surface. 3. Describe the specimens 1, 2, and 3. GEOLOGY. (4.) (PRACTICAL Examination.) Time allowed, 3 hours. 1. Name and describe the minerals ‘ you can recognise in the specimens 4, 5, and 6. 1893.] INDIA CIVIL SERVICE :—OPEN COMPETITION. 103 2. Give a description of the rocks 7, 8, and 9, of which microscopic slides are supplied ; and specially note any points which throw light on their mode of origin and subsequent history. 3. Name the minerals you can recognise in the slides 10 and 11, stating the characters by which you identify them. 4. Name the fossils 12-17, and assign to each its geolo- gical horizon and place in zoological classification. Describe in technical terms the genera to which any three belong. BOTANY. (1.) [Candidates are not allowed to attempt more than six questions, and answers to six are necessary to obtain Jull marks. ] 1. Write an account of the characters of the order Palms. Mention some of the chief species of the order and point out their distribution and economic value. . Describe the elements composing the ‘ mechanical tissue” of plants. What is their distribution in root and shoot ? Point out the reasons for the distributions you describe. . Give an account of the Saprolegnies, and describe the life-history of any one member of the group. Of what economic importance is this group ? . Describe, with illustrative examples, the chief mor- phological modifications of the typical flower, pointing out the explanations you would give of each case you describe. . Mention some of the Fungi which cause disease in forest-trees. Write an account of the life of any one of them, showing its effect upon the tree. Indicate the conditions to be attended to in order to protect a tree from the attack of the Fungus. 104 CIVIL SERVICE COMMISSION : [AUGUST, 6. Describe the various metamorphoses exhibited by the stem. Give an example of each and point out in each case the value to the plant of the metamorphosis you describe, 7. Describe the leading characters of the orders of Bicarpellate Monopetalee, pointing out the resem- blances and differences between the orders, 8. Give a classification, with definitions, of the fruits of Flowering plants. Mention an example of each kind of fruit included in your classification. 9. What is a fibre-plant ? Mention some of the fibre- plants found native or suitable for cultivation in India, stating the natural order of each. Describe the conditions under which each of these may be expected to thrive in India. 10. Enumerate the classes and subordinate divisions of the group Muscine. Give briefly their distin- guishing characters, pointing out those to which the greatest value should be attached. BOTANY. (2.) [Candidates are mot allowed to attempt more than six questions, and answers to six are necessary to obtain Jull marks. ] 1. Give an account of the successive nutritive processes in the Potato-plant which have as their result the accumulation of starch in the tuber. 2. Give a general account of the structure and functions of the epidermis. Describe in greater detail the “epidermis” of the root, including the root-cap. In what respects does the epiderinis of water-plants differ from that of land-plants ? 3. Give an account of the process of respiration in plants. Describe an experiment demonstrating this process. 4. Give an account of the special adaptations presented by myrmecophilous plants. 1893.] INDIA CIVIL SERVICE :—OPEN COMPETITION. 105 5. Describe the development of the pollen, giving a full account, of the processes of nuclear division and of cell-division. . Describe fully the processes which lead to the fall of the leaf in autumn. Why is it that the leaves of the Oak wither on the tree ? . Discuss the question of the nitrogenous food-supply of plants, with special reierence to the Leguminosze. . Give a general account of the mcrphology and bio- logical importance of floral nectaries. Describe the minute structure of any nectary, and the process of secretion. . Give a general account of the structure and develop- ment of spermatozoids. mentioning the large groups of plants in which they are to be found, and des- cribing the diversities of form which they present. . Give an account of the influence of light upon the rate of growth. Describe and discuss the phenomena of the daily periodicity of growth. BOTANY. (PrACTICAL EXAMINATION.) Time allowed, 3 hours. . Describe, in technical language, the specimens 4 and B. Refer them to their respective natural orders, giving the reasons, based on actual observation only, for your determination. Draw the floral dia- gram of the flower when present. . Determine, with the help of the Flora provided, the genus and species of the specimens C and D respec- tively. . Make microscopical preparations illustrating the struc- ture of the specimens F and F. Briefly describe your preparations and give illustrative sketches. 4. Identify and briefly describe the preparations ¢ and H (ten minutes allowed to each candidate for the examination of each of these preparations). } iva voce. CIVIL SERVICE COMMISSION : GREEK HISTORY. (1) — [Candidates are not to answer more than SIX questions, of whach not more than Two should be taken one of the groups A, B, C, D. T hey are recom- mended, in answering the questions, to refer to the original authorities. Answers to six questions are necessary to obtain full marks.] Jrom any A. I. Discuss the question whether the Homeric poems can furnish evidence as to the distribution of races in central Greece and Peloponnesus before the Dorian migration. 2. Comment on the following passage :— “Os éxéheve &v Bovhevripior "Twvas extol, 70 8¢é evar év Tép (Téur yap péoov eva Twvins), ras 8¢ das wé\ias olkeopévas unde fooov vouileobau, katd ep el Sjuol elev. (HEROD. i. 170.) Trace the stages and conditions of t he process of ovvowkiouds, with historical examples. : 3. Give some account of the settlem of the Greek cities in Italy, a sketch-map. ent and early history marking their sites on 4. Write a history of Corinth from the Dorian conquest to the overthrow of the tyranny. B. 5. Discuss the difficulties in the received account of (1 the Scythian invasion of Darius, (2) the battle of Marathon, (3) the battle of Salamis, estimating the historical value of the principal authorities. 6. Investigate the causes , chronology, and issue of the Ionian revolt. : (AUGUST, 1893.] INDIA CIVIL SERVICE :—OPEN COMPETITION. 107 7. Examine the following assertion :— *Emordpevor Tov BdpLapor adrdv wept avtd Ta w\elw opalévra. (THUCYD., i. 69.) Take the Greek states which sided with the Persians, or remained neutral during the invasion, and inquire in each case into the grounds and immediate consequences of their policy. 8. Relate the history of the Gelonian dynasty. C. 9. What were the principal issues on which political parties at Athens were divided during the public life of Pericles? Criticize or defend the policy approved on each occasion by the state. 10. Describe the arrangements successively adopted for the assessment and collection of the tribute from the subject-allies of the Athenian empire. What reasonable grounds of complaint had the allies, and what were the grievances actually most felt by them ? 11. Compare the degree of strength and cohesion, in face of disintegrating forces, displayed by the Spartan confederacy and the Athenian empire respectively during the Peloponnesian War. 12. Write an historical commentary on the followin passages, describing the circumstances to which they refer :— (a) Ot & *Abnvaior éyvooav ovk émi 7¢ [Behriowt ASyw dmomepmduevor, AANA Twos VTOTTOV Yerouévov, kal . . . apévres Ty yevouérnr éml T@ Mrndw Evppaylay wpos ovTovs Apyeiots Tols éxelvwv woheplos Evppayor éyévovro, kai mwpos BOeoaoalovs apa dudorépols oi adrol opkol kal Evppayia katéor. oi & év ‘I0duy dexdrw €rel, @s ovkér. €dYvavro avréxew, EvwéBnoar mpds Tavs Aaxedayuoviovs. (TrUCYD, 1. 102.) CIVIL SERVICE COMMISSION : ( ) / Y€vouevov TovTwy \ Cc / Tov Immovikov kal (HEroD., vii. 151.) (c) Mere yap mv é& ‘ENmondvre Yevouévny anion ETEPWV NYEUOVOY KaTATTAVTOY Slips év 6 Bapfapo. vavpayovvres, npéav 8¢ tis Qaldrrys badByour 8 els mp Aakwvikny, Kivfnppa 8¢ — ; kparos eilov. (Isocr., Panegyr., 119.) ii D. 13. Describe the progress in the art of the fourth century mc, war made during ¥ 14, Determine the occasions and objects for which the - Ro : following works were written :— IsocRATES - Archi 15. Examine the asserti 1 on that true Grecian ; 3 more on the side of Darius than of cram by 16. Write an historical comments passages +— ry on the following ¢ ) T ~ \ \ 3 ( ) \ \ 9 \ N l 5 A d * b \ \ \ 3 \ ; ( y: Ty rer yap apxmy €romodueda Tod TOA€uov Snip Apgurolews, avvéBawe 8 Huby Tov oroarmve ev 70 moNépuw ERSour : L pe ; , OuMKOVTA Lev kal wévre wo Evppayias dmoBeBnké as é ee ofeBA\nkévar, as ékrjoaro Tyudbeos ¢ / o Kov L 3 WYOS Kal KATEOTTNO EV els TO TurédpLov (AscH De Falsa Legat., 70.) [AUGUST TUE € j 0 rn xsd 2o0v00wot édvras érépov 3 eka ayyelovs ‘Abpvaiwy, Kal\iny re \ \ ’ TOUS pera TovTov dvafBdvras. 1893.] INDIA CIVIL SERVICE: OPEN COMPETITION. 109 (c) Aw. TOUS > Afnralovs: amaot yap elo xahemwol* Si Kai €ovro adrov oi €évdofou ew THs TONEwS karafBuody, ‘1pupdns pev €v @pdky, Kévev d év Kompw, Xdpys 8 év Suyelw, kal avTos 6 XaBpias év Alyimre. (THEOPOMPUS, Fr. 117.) GREEK HISTORY. (2.) [ Candidates are not to answer more than six questions, and answers to six questions are necessary to obtawn full marks. They are recommended to refer to the original authorities.] _ Tllustrate and account for the powers of Greek Assemblies in matters of war and peace. _ Sketch a history of the changes in the Athenian executive. _ In what different positions do we find the lower orders in different Greek States, and from what causes ? 4. Tllustrate the prevalence of sedition during the Pelo- ponnesian war. 5. Show the importance of the family, the clan, and the tribe in Athenian institutions. 6. Illustrate the powers of the Spartan Ephoralty from Herodotus and Thucydides. 7. How far did Plato and Aristotle use historical consti- tutions in framing their ideals ? 8. Quote some points of interest in the constitutions of the smaller Greek States. 9. To what extent was the Athenian Constitution altered after the death of Pericles ? 10. What traces of international law do we find among the Greeks ? 11. Discuss the political economy of the Greeks. 19. Show from the career of Demosthenes, the orator, the difficulties with which a statesman had to contend in his time. CIVIL SERVICE COMMISSION : [AUGUST | J ROMAN HISTORY. (1.) — Jull marks. | L # The Suonss 4 The irrational opinion that the Roman nation w mongrel people finds its support in that Trvislon® .¢., Into Ramnes, Tities, and Luceres).—Momus Hist. i., ch. 4. : Gi Discuss this question. : ne ps and methods of the patrician n to 5 1c equality. e plebeian demand for political 3. “Tuscorum ante R : omanum imperiu marique opes patuere.”—LIvy, pe ig late terra Give an account of : the power of Etruri sketch the history of its relations with Rene ny 4. Give an account of the di i 3 e diplomatic questions betw Rome and Carthage at the outbreak of the ro Punic War. : Li ie What is Polybius’ judgment on the 5. (41 T . . . . an oe Galli proxima gens erat in Ttaliam i 3SSO0. ie cum inter omnes constet, eo magis a : Se ambigl quanam Alpes transierit et vulgo credere Poenino t oo 00 rans ” . 38. gressum.”—Li1vy, xxi. Witte a full commentary on this passage. 6. Bg ov [sc., Tédv &rolév T0ls wept Tov "Tovhior Soler- Ov] kal Mav 8ijhov éyévero S16 Kal Tots wep) 70 Avprjhios wre Tas évrolas [5 ovykyTos] iE at TQ Swomdoa 70 €fvos, AAG wronoar kal Ne wMjEac ba Bovhopéry mv adbddeiar xa} TY éxleiav Thy Ay aid, (PorLys., xxxviii., 1, 6 ) Describe the events which led to the desi tion of the Achaean Lea : str of Polybius’ conclusion, gue, and discuss the justice .. Criticise the measure 1 s of the Gr 1 i of view of Political Economy. PA fom the poss 1893.] INDIA CIVIL SERVICE :—OPEN COMPETITION. 111 8. Trace the policy of Roman parties and statesmen with regard to the claims of the Italian allies of Rome down to the dictatorship of Sulla. 9. Explain Sulla’s aim as a legislator, and criticise the methods by which he attempted to realise it. 10. On what grounds has Caesar been suspected of complicity in the Catilinarian conspiracy ? Discuss the probability of the accusation. 11. “The notorious political trimmer, Marcus Tullius Cicero.”—MOMMSEN. How far is this sentence justified by Cicero's acts and utterances down to the year 52 B.C.* 12. Describe the operations of Ceesar against Afranius and Petreius in Spain in 49 B.C. 18. Discuss Cicero's position and policy in the period of the Philippic Orations. What were the causes of his failure ? . “Incorruptam fidem professis neque amore quisquam et sine odio dicendus est.” How far does Tacitus realise his ideal in his account of Tiberius? _Tllustrate from the history of the first century A.D. the prinaiples of succession to the imperial power. Consider the elements of opposition which the early emperors had to fear and their method of dealing with them. ROMAN HISTORY. (2. [Candidates are not allowed to attempt more than six questions, and answers to six are necessary to obtain Jull marks.) 1. Examine the character and functions of the comitia curiata. 9. Trace the variations in the functions and political importance of the plebeian tribunate at different periods of the Republic. 112 CIVIL SERVICE COMMISSION : [AUGUST, 3. What powers exercised by the Senate were held to be unconstitutional ? How did the democratic party deal with these powers ? 4. “The Roman Principate is in fact the development and the fulfilment of the Roman, democracy ” (MommsEN). How far did the Principate justify its origin in the democratic party ? 5. Trace the changes in the arms and tactics of the Roman infantry from Servius Tullius to Ceesar. 6. What are the principal municipal laws preserved to us, and what do we gather from them as to the internal constitution of the Municipia ? 7. Explain the use made of religion for political pur- poses at Rome. 8. Describe the methods by which the Roman Govern- ment administered the “ager publicus.” 9. Sketch the history and application of the law of “ Maiestas.” 10. Discuss the explanation of the following : “ pedarii senatores,” “ patres conscripti,” “ seviri Augustales,” ““princeps senatus,” “legatus,” “patres auctores fiunt.” ENGLISH HISTORY. (1.) [Six questions and no more to be attempted. At least one answer to be given in each section. | SECTION A. L. Give a brief account of the various classes of men which were designated by the terms eorl, ceorl, gesith, thegn, let. 2. Write a short history of the ecclesiastical courts in England during the period between 1066 and 1272. 1893.] INDIA CIVIL SERVICE :—OPEN COMPETITION. 113 Comment on the following passage :— “ Ut nullus episcopus vel archidiaconus de legibus episcopalibus amplius in hundret placita teneant.” 3. Trace the growth of the notion of peerage in England. Comment on the following passage :— : “ Ad hec respondens Petrus Wintoniensis epis- copus dixit quod non sunt pares in Anglia sicut in regno Francorum; unde licet regi Anglorum per justitiarios, quos constituerit, quoslibet de regno reos proscribere et mediante judicio condemnare. [Mat. Par. an. 1233. ] 4. What causes at various periods previous to the Reform Act of 1832 had determined that certain towns should, while others should not, send repre- sentatives to parliament? Can you account for the geographical distribution of the parliamentary boroughs ? Section B. 5. Write a brief account of the parliamentary history of the reign of Henry VIII. 6. Give an account of Bates’s Case and of the contro- versy to which it gave rise. State what you know of the medieval statutes which bore upon the questions that were debated. 7. Write a short history of parliamentary impeach- ments, noticing in particular any precedents for impeachments that existed in the year 1620, Comment on the following passage :— ‘“ Et auxiut lour entent n'est pas de reuler ou governer si haute cause come c'est appell est, que ne serra aillours trie ne termine q'en parlement, come dit est, par cours, proces et ordre use en ascune court ou place plus bas deinz mesme le roialme.” 8. Give an account of the Grand Remonstrance, of the petition by which it was accompanied, and of the king’s answer to that petition. (9720) H rea emis npr ae ter TT om a — er RET CIVIL SERVICE COMMISSION : [AUGUST, Section C. 9. Trace briefly the history of legislation concerning (i.) the army, and (ii.) the militia between 1688 and the present time. 10. Write a short history of the Privy Council between the year 1688 and the present time. Explain the term ‘“ an Order in Council.” What do you know of the following clause ?— “ All matters and things relating to the well governing of this kingdom, which are properly cognizable in the Privy Council by the laws and customs of this realm, shall be transacted there, and all resolutions taken thereupon shall be signed by such of the Privy Council as shall advise and consent to the same.” 11. Describe the relation of the Exchequer to the Treasury at various periods in English history. What do you know of “ the Bankers’ Case” ! 12. Discuss the scope and limits of * constitutional history.” Illustrate your answer (1) by referring to any books that bear the title “ Constitutional History,” and (2) by showing what Acts of Parlia- ment passed within the last twenty years would fall within the limits of constitutional history as thus variously defined. ENGLISH HISTORY. (2.) 3 . [Six questions, and no more, to be attempted. At least one answer to be given wn each section.] SECTION A. 1. Estimate (a) the ecclesiastical, and (b) the political aims of Dunstan. 2. Trace the causes of the want of permanence in the Angevin empire. 1893.] INDIA CIVIL SERVICE :—OPEN COMPETITION. 113 3. State and criticise the claims of Edward I. to be Lord Paramount of Scotland. 4. Estimate, with reference to the facts of his life, the character of Richard II. SecTIiON B. 5. Sketch the history of any one baronial family in the 15th century. 6. Discuss the conduct of Bacon in his relations with Essex. 7. Criticise the statement that * of all the prelates of the Angiican Church, Laud had departed farthest from the principles of the Reformation, and had drawn nearest to Rome.” 8. Account for the Tory reaction at the end of the reign of Charles 11. | Section C. 9. Discuss the foreign policy of the Tory party from the Peace of Ryswick to the death of William IIL 10. Examine the arguments used by the advocates of the war with Spain in 1739. 11. Contrast the characters of Pitt and Fox, with special reference to the facts of their respective careers. 12. What were the main causes of Wellington's success in the Peninsular War ? GENERAL MODERN HISTORY. (L.) (PERIOD 1.—A.D. 800-1193.) [Six questions and no more than six questions to be answered. | 1. Describe accurately the extent of Charles the Great's dominions, and show how they were divided by the Treaty of Verdun. 2. Give some account of the state of learning and educa- tion in Europe at the beginning of the 9th century. (9720) H 2 1 | i | § i { ih b am 116 CIVIL SERVICE COMMISSION : [AUGUST, 3. Account for the condition of anarchy into which both Empire and Papacy fell at the end of the 9th century. . Trace the gradual growth of the German Kingdom from the Treaty of Verdun. How was it that the Empire came into the hands of the German kings ? . Describe the foundation of the chief settlements of the Northmen, exclusive of those in England. . What various meanings are to be given to the geo- graphical term Burgundy during this period ? . Sketch the condition of the Eastern Empire under the Macedonian dynasty. . Estimate the significance of the accession of the house of Capet in France. . Examine the nature and extent of the influence exer- cised by the Emperors of the 10th century upon the Papacy. . Mark the limits and estimate the influence of the Saracens in Europe during this period. GENERAL MODERN HISTORY. Periop I1.—aA.p. 1193-1521. (L.) [Six questions and no more than six questions to be answered. | . Trace and compare the influence of St. Francis and St. Dominic on the Mediseval Church. 2. Compare the characters and the careers of Louis IX. and Frederick 11. . Who were the Teutonic knights? What did they accomplish for the extension of Christianity and of German influence in the North ? . Compare the policy of Edward I. and Philip IV. as indicating the character of the future development of the English and French monarchies. ; 1893.] INDIA CIVIL SERVICE :—OPEN COMPETITION. 117 5. Estimate the importance of the career of Rudolph I —(1) in the history of Germany ; (2) in the growth of the power of the House of Hapsburg. 6. What attempts did the Popes make to influence the course of the struggle between France and England, and with what results ? 7. Compare the quarrel of Lewis the Bavarian and John XXII. with previous quarrels between Emperors and Popes. 8. Describe the constitution of the Empire in the 14th century, and show how it was affected by the Golden Bull. 9. Compare the composition of the States General in 1356 with that of the English Parliament about the same time. What light does this comparison throw on the future fate of the two assemblies ? 10. What is the importance in Scandinavian history of the Union of Calmar ? GENERAL MODERN HISTORY. Periop ITL.—aA.p. 1521-1715. (IL. [Six questions, and no more than six questions, to be answered. | 1. Criticise the foreign policy of Francis I. and Henry II. In what respects may they be regarded as the forerunners of Henry IV. and Richelieu ? 2. Explain the origin of the Schmalkaldic War, and estimate (1) its religious, (2) its political, 1mpor- tance. 3. Is it possible to contend that the policy of Charles V. was specially influenced by the interests of any one of the States which he ruled? 4. Nlustrate and account for the decline of the Turkish power in the sixteenth century. 118 CIVIL SERVICE COMMISSION : [AUGUST, 5. “Clétait 1a (i.e., in F rance) qu’allait se décider la lutte entre le fédéralisme féodal du Protestantisme et Punité monarchique du Catholicisme.” How far does this sentence explain the attitude of rival parties in France during the wars of religion ? . State the provisions of the Religious Peace of Augsburg, and illustrate from subsequent German history its failure to provide a permanent settle- ment. . Explain carefully the character and policy of Catherine de Medici. . What circumstances gave political importance to the attempt of Francis of Anjou on the Spanish Netherlands ? . Compare the social and economical condition of f Spain at the beginning and end of the reign of Philip IT. . Explain the policy of Richelieu towards the Hugue- nots. Was it of permanent advantage to France ? GENERAL MODERN HISTORY. Pertop IV.—aA.D. 1715-1848. (I) ——— [Six questions, and no more than six questions to be answered. | 1. Analyse the causes of (1) the temporary alienation, (2) the subsequent reconciliation of the French and Spanish branches of the house of Bourbon, 2. What changes were produced in the north of Europe by the Peace of Nystad, and how did they affect the balance of power in the west ? 3. What 1s the importance of the Pragmatic Sanction in European history between 1715 and 1740 ? 4. Account for the failur e of the French arms in the Seven Years’ War. 1893.] INDIA CIVIL SERVICE :(—OPEN COMPETITION. 119 5. “Charles III. was the greatest King of Spain since Philip II” How far does Charles IlL’s reign deserve the praise which it has received from Spanish historians ? 6. Describe the aims of Turgot’s administration. Could his success have averted or postponed the Revolu- tion ? 7. What causes may be assigned for the decline of the French power 1n India ? 8. Estimate the merits of Vergennes as Minister of Foreign Affairs in France. 9. Explain the origin of the Fliirstenbund, and its importance in (erman history. 10. In what respects may Frederick II., Joseph IL, and Catherine II. be regarded as forerunners of the French Revolution ? GENERAL MODERN HISTORY. (2.) Periop I.—A.D. 800-1193. [Six questions and mo more than six questions to be answered. | 1. Analyse the principles of Gregory VIL, and estimate the permanent results of his reforms. 2. Compare the characteristics of the Eastern and "Western Empires at the beginning of the eleventh century, and mark the elements of strength and weakness in each. 3. Trace the influence of Bernard of Clairvaux upon the ideas and events of his time. 4. To what extent was the First Crusade successful, and "to what causes do you attribute its success ? 5. Give some account of the abbeys of Clugni and Citeaux, and their influence on religion and learning in the twelfth century. 120 CIVIL SERVICE COMMISSION : [AUGUST, 6. Consider the career of Arnold of Brescia, and its bearing on the position of the Papacy. 7. What were the chief cities in Ttaly in the time of Frederick Barbarossa, and what part did they respectively “take in the strugoele bet Empire and the Papacy ? ggle between the 8. Examine the importance of the reign of Louis VI. in the history of the French monarchy. 9. Trace the career of Henry the Lion of Saxon y. 10. Contrast the liberties and position of the medizeval towns of England with those of the Italian and German cities. GENERAL MODERN HISTORY. Per1oD II.—A4.D. 1193-1521, (IL.) — [Six questions and no more than six questions to be answered. | . Describe the origin of the Swiss Confederation, and note the main stages in its growth down to the war with Charles the Bold. . Estimate the influence of the Schism upon (1) the international position of the Papacy. (2): gp torial power in Italy. | apacy, (2) its terri- . Can any traces be found of the survival of the Guelf i a factions in the 15th century history . With what objects was the Council of Basel sum- moned, and how far were those objects attained ? . What attempts were made j in the 15th centu revive the crusading ardour of the western fy of Europe? Account for their failure. . Trace the influence of character and policy of Reformation. the Renaissance upon the the Popes previous to the 1893.] INDIA CIVIL SERVICE :—OPEN COMPETITION. 121 7. Estimate and account for the success of Louis XI. in crushing the independence of the great nobles in France. 8. Explain the assertion that Charles the Bold attempted to form a ‘middle kingdom ” between France and Germany. 9. Examine the relations of the chief Italian states at the time of Charles VIII.’s invasion, and show how they facilitated the success of the French enter- prise. 10. How far were the attempts to reform the imperial constitution under Maximilian I. attended with permanent success ? GENERAL MODERN HISTORY. Periop III. — ap. 1521-1715. (IL) [Six questions, and no more than six questions, to be answered. | 1. What motives induced Gustavus Adolphus to inter- fere in Germany * What permanent results did his interference produce ? : . “During the Thirty Years’ War the international policy of Europe passed from the religious to the political phase.” How far is this remark accurate. . Explain the views of the two great parties in the United Provinces in the 17th century, and trace them to their origin in the earliest times of the Republic. . Give a sketch of the constitution of the Empire in Germany after the Peace of Westphalia. . Analyse the elements of opposition to the French Monarchy during the Fronde, showing which were of ancient, and which of later, origin. . Sketch the rise of Russia previous to the accession of Peter the Great. { i i | 1 JE | i i | No i ; By i | i | BH i | i fd | | i i IE [| i ! ! SEE [| | i | i = 122 CIVIL SERVICE COMMISSION : [AUGUST, 7. Trace the influence on the affairs of Western Europe of the wars between Austria and Turkev dur the period 1660-1715. PAY ne 8. What claim has the Great Elector to b as the founder of modern Prussia ? Give oganin] 9. Show the influence (1) of commer 2) of relics orth Ward of go 4] ) 23 ce, (2) of religion, 10. Trace the progress of Dutch, French, and English settlements in the East Indies during this period. GENERAL MODERN HISTORY. Periop IV.—a.p. 1715-1848. (IL) [Six questions, and not more than six, to be answered. ] I. Trace the effect produced by foreign affairs on the PRcTon of the French Revolution from 1791 to . Compare the changes made in the map of Europe by fn treaties of Campo Formio, Lunéville, and sit. . Estimate the permanent influence of Napoleon upon the history of Italy. . What is meant by the ‘continental system,” and how did it contribute to the downfall of Napoleon's power ? : i Describe the reforms effected in Prussia during the ministries of Stein and Hardenberg. . What were the main questions raised at the Con- gress of Vienna? Explain the attitude assumed by the chief powers at the Congress, and give a summary of its results. . Compare the Revolution of July with that of February in regard to their causes and their results. . How far may the formation and dissolution of the Sonderbund be regarded as events of European importance ? Can you cite any modern parallels ? 1898.] INDIA CIVIL SERVICE :—OPEN COMPETITION. 123 9. Contrast the influence of Canning and Metternich on European affairs. 10. Estimate the merits and the defects of the govern- ment of India by the East India Company. LOGIC AND MENTAL PHILOSOPHY. (1.) [Six questions (and no more) to be attempted. Five may be chosen from either division of the paper, but at least one must be chosen from division B.] A. . “With a little ingenuity we may convert hypo- thetical, disjunctive, and inductive arguments into categorical syllogisms.” Give examples, and point out what difference, if any, is made by the con- version. _ Qive a historical account of the Law of Contradic- tion. Formulate it as exactly as’ you can, and examine the criticisms to which it has been sub- jected. . “The chief point in which Plato’s Logic differed from Aristotle’s seems to have been the closer con- nection which he made between the primary and secondary sciences.” Explain and examine this statement. . What did Plato, as compared with Aristotle, under- stand by Dialectic, and in what. points, according to Aristotle, does a “dialectical ” differ from a scientific reasoning _ « SQeience is a search for causes.” «Qeience is a search for middle terms.” « Qeience is a search for universals.” Explain these definitions and consider how far they can be reconciled with one another. 6. Compare the difficulties of scientific with those of historical or of judicial investigation. 124 CIVIL SERVICE COMMISSION : [AUGUST ’ 7. Explain the distinction betw i een methods of dis- covery and methods of proof, and discuss He bore Ing upon the value of Mill's “inductive methods.” 8. Critically examine the relation of Induction to Deduction in view of the conflict Wi ct have been held on the subject. Ing opinions that B. 9. Discuss the possibility of treating purely natural science. Psychology as a 10. Give an account of the chief holooi : of space-perception. psychological theories 11. Give a careful statement, of the facts involved in Memory, and ecriticall i i , a y consider the main theor; advanced in explanation of the facts, shiny 12. Belief; Unbelief; Doubt. Accurai i : : ‘ ately des several mental states denoted by thoi i i LOGIC AND MENTAL PHILOSOPHY. (2.) ———— —— JS : [Six questions (and no more) to be attempted. Five ey be chosen from either division of the paper ut at least one must be chosen Jrom dvvision A.] A. 1. Is there an activity of Attention, or may Attention be resolved into simpler elements ? Discuss this question and explain its i logical theory. Pp § Importance for psycho- 2. Examine the theory which makes Feeling the primitive element out of which Knowl ; Will arise by differentiation. nowledge and 3. Classify the chief forms of sesthetic feeling. gate the conditions on which they depend and the Investi- possibility of reducing these to a co 4. Discuss fully the quest movement. | mmon principle. ion of the origin of voluntary 1893.] INDIA CIVIL SERVICE :—OPEN COMPETITION. 125 B. 5. ¢ Philosophical scepticism cannot be refuted.” ‘““ Doubt needs only to be thoroughgoing in order to prove self-destructive.” Examine these positions. 6. Give some account of the different forms in which the doctrine of the Relativity of Knowledge has been maintained. Add criticisms, and distinguish different senses of the term * relative.” 7. Discuss to what extent the origin of a belief throws light upon its truth or validity. Illustrate by reference to the Law of Causation, 8. Are Space and Time, or is either, metaphysically subjective ? 9. State briefly the development of the conception of Matter in Plato, and compare its final form in Aristotle. © How far is Aristotle’s conception of God as actus purus consistent with the rest of his system * | 10. Explain and critically consider Spinoza’s use of the terms Substance, Cause, and Freedom, in connection with his general doctrine. Compare his usage with that of Descartes. 11. How far does the philosophy of Hume justify, and how far does the philosophy of Kant dispel, Locke’s misgivings as to the possibility of a science of nature ? 12. Explain the different senses .of the term Idealism in philosophical discussion. Illustrate by reference to the history of philosophy. wc errant Hh. C1VIL SERVICE COMMISSION : [ALT GUST, MORAL PHILOSOPHY. (1.) [Not more than six questions to be answered in all, and not more than four from the same section. Six answers are necessary to obtain full marks.) LL . Show how the ‘political’ setting of Greek ethics affected (a) the scope, (b) the sanctions of morality. . Indicate the chief points at which the Stoical moral system diverged from Platonism. 3. State and criticise Aristotle’s view of the relation of 78ovij (pleasure) to eddarpovia (happiness). . Compare the views of Plato and Aristotle on the methods of moral training. . In what ways have English writers on ethics pro- posed to reduce it to a ‘science ’ ? . Distinguish, after Hobbes, the basis of moral from that of political obligation, and show how far he allows moral obligation to retain independent validity in the commonwealth. II. . Define briefly intention, purpose, resolution, wish, desire, will. . How far is it legitimate to infer moral standards from moral practice ? . (@) Affectus coérceri nec tolls potest, nisi per affcc- tum contrarium et fortiorem affectu coércendo. (0) Humana potentia. ad coércendos affectus in solo intellectu consistit, Explain and criticise. . Discuss the relation of ‘moral faculty’ to ‘moral criterion.’ 1893.] INDIA CIVIL SERVICE :—OPEN COMPETITION. 127 11. What aspects of character have gained special recog- nition since the close of Greco-Roman civilisation ? 12. To what facts or ideas did the theory of Natural Rights give expression? And wherein was that expression defective ? MORAL PHILOSOPHY. (2.) ns [Not more than six questions to be answered wn all, and not more than four from the same Section. Six answers are necessary to obtarn full marks.] I. 1. Trace the influence on Greek ethical thought of the conception of Conduct as an art. 2. To what extent is it true that the ethical conceptions of Plato and Aristotle are simply accepted from the practice and standards of judgment current in con- temporary Greek life ? 3. (ive a short account of the ethical theory of Samuel Clarke. Compare his point of view with that of the Cambridge Platonists and with that of Kant. 4. Explain briefly the ethical position of David Hume, noticing his relations to the most important of his predecessors. 5. What were the chief changes introduced by J. S. Mill in the theory of Bentham ? How far do you regard these changes as improvements 6. “ Freedom is a mere idea, and a necessary presup- position of reason in a being that believes itself conscious of a (moral) will.” Does Kant (a) use freedom in any other sense, (b) go beyond the limitation in the above clause? IT. 7. How far is it correct to speak of KEgoism and Altruism as two conflicting principles in conduct ? May the moral life be regarded as a compromise between them ? 128 CIVIL SERVICE COMMISSION : [AUGUST, 8. In what sense does it seem to you to be correct to speak of society as an Organism ? How does this conception affect the treatment of Ethics ? 9. To what extent do you regard the discussion of Socialism as falling within the province of Ethics ? Indicate the chief principles which you would make use of in dealing with it. 10. “To wish to be better than the world is to be already on ‘the threshold of immorality.” Explain and criticise this statement, 11. Is it true that no moral action can be made com- pulsory ? Discuss the bearing of this question on the treatment of the sanctions of right conduct. 12, What are the principal theories of Punishment ? Explain the relationship between them. POLITICAL ECONOMY. (1.) — [ Only six questions to be answered. ] 1. “Only through the principle of competition has political economy any pretension to the character of a science.” Examine critically this assertion of Mill's with special reference to (a) the employment of the hypothesis of competition in economic reasoning (0) the appropriate treatment of those economic phenomena in which competition is not the principal force. 2. Carefully describe the functions of a modern wholesale market ; and explain the various methods of dealing the form and economic character of the remunera. tion of the dealers, the tests of efficiency in the action of the market, and the circumstances favour- able to such efficiency. Illustrate your answer from the case of the Stock Exchange. 3. State and classify the various conditions under which the values of commodities are found to be inter- dependent, or not separately determinable. Give the formule determining the values of such com- modities in the several cases. 1893.] INDIA CIVIL SERVICE :—OPEN COMPETITION. 129 4. Consider the significance of the modern generalization of Rent. Contrast the practical consequences of the modern view with those commonly deduced from the doctrine of Ricardo. Show the necessity of taking account of the element of time in attempting to determine what is or is not to be regarded as Rent. 5. Give in outline an account of the development of the theories of wages, noting how each has been in- fluenced by contemporary circumstances. Com- ment on the use of the term ¢ natural wages.” 6. Sketch the leading points of the theory of population set forth by Malthus. How far has its applicability to modern societies been affected by subsequent social and economic changes ? 7. Briefly trace the origin and development of the doctrine of the “right of the labourer to the whole product of his labour.” Critically examine it, and inquire how "far it has derived any colourable support from the teaching of classical economists. Generally discuss the points of contact, whether in the way of antagonism or agreement, between Socialism and Ricardianism. 8. The 15th Century has been described as “the golden age of the English labourer.” Summarize and examine the evidence on which this statement is based. What are the chief causes that have in some historical periods led to the degradation of labour ? 9. Explain clearly what is lost and gained by the process of Averaging, as applied to economic data. Explain the difficulties which arise in the attempt to obtain trustworthy averages of wages. Illustrate the employment of statistical methods to obtain economical constants”; and consider the sense in which the term “constant” must be understood in this connexion. CIVIL SERVICE COMMISSION : [AUGUST POLITICAL ECONOMY. (2.) [Only six questions to be answered.] . Point out the various bonds of connexion between the theories of Distribution and Exchange. It has been said that “with all his sense of the importance of value, Mill never brought his theory of distribution into harmony with his theory of exchange.” Compare the exposition of Mill and Marshall in this respect. . In what way, and in what degree, is the level of general prices affected by the demand and supply of metallic standard money under the modern system of credit and banking ? Illustrate your answer by reference to the monetary history of the last hundred years. . Explain the objects and state the chief provisions of the Bank Acts of 1844 and 1845. Give a brief account of the principal changes which have taken place in the constitution of English banks, and the character of English banking busi- ness, since 1844. What modifications of Sir Robert Peel's Acts seem to be suggested by these changes, or by the experience gained since their enactment ? . Estimate the comparative value of the criteria suggested at different periods for the purpose of measuring the advantage obtained by a country through its foreign trade, and consider how far the question admits of a solution. . Point out the place and principal functions of the Income tax in a system of public revenue. What would be the probable effects, immediate and ulti- mate, of the substitution of a general property tax for the income tax at present in force in the United Kingdom ? . Describe the conditions that have produced the great growth of public indebtedness in modern times. Show by historical examples the errors that are 1893.] INDIA CIVIL SERVICE :—OPEN COMPETITION. 131 likely to be committed in (@) the creation, (b) the management of public debts. How would you measure the pressure of debt in a given country ? 7. Discuss the points of contrast and of relation between the medizval conception of “just price,” and the theoretical conception of “normal value.” Examine the meaning and validity of the latter, Why, and in what respects, does it fail to satisfy the socialistic idea of equity ? 8. Give a critical account of the reasonings by which the French economists of the 18th century and others have supported the proposal for a “single tax” upon land. What are the general objections to “ single taxes” ? 9. Describe in some detail the mechanism of English mediseval trade, domestic and foreign. Specify its most noteworthy differences from the present system. What light do those differences throw on medigeval economic doctrines ? POLITICAL SCIENCE. (1.) rn S— — [To obtain full marks six questions must be answered. Any six (but not more than six) may be selected. | 1. “ Kinship not land is the basis of ancient society.” What facts may be adduced in support of this statement ? 2." Is there an absolutely best form of government ? 3. Discuss the expediency, in a state with representative institutions, of constitutional restrictions upon the power of the Legislature. What are the chief forms which such restrictions may assume ? 4. Illustrate the influence upon political theories of ideas derived from moral philosophy or metaphysics. (9720) 19 132 CIVIL SERVICE COMMISSION : [AUGUST, . Estimate the strength and weakness of mixed forms of government. . “ England gives us the best example of a flexible con- stitution, America of a rigid one.” Show how these types of constitution differ from one another, and discuss their respective advantages and disadvantages. 7. Is party government a necessary result of free insti- tutions ? 8. Discuss the policy of restrictions upon freedom of testation. . “Man was born free and is everywhere in chains.” Examine this statement with reference to the characteristics of early stages of society. . In what respects were the political theories of antiquity affected by the existence of slavery in ancient states ? . What are the chief principles to be observed in framing a scale of penalties for crimes ? . Explain and illustrate the difficulty of determining where the supreme power in a State resides. POLITICAL SCIENCE. (2. S—— Gr— [To obtain full marks six questions must be answered. Any siz (but not more than six) may be selected. ] 1. Distinguish (with examples) between induction and empiricism and between deduction and ideology in the study of political institutions. 2. What qualities ought above all to be found in a good classification of forms of government? Give a classification of the best known European govern- ments, past and present, which shall possess these qualities. 3. What lessons with regard to the principles which should be observed in the government of British India may be learned from the history of the Roman dominions under the Republic and the Empire ? 1893.] INDIA CIVIL SERVICE :——OPEN COMPETITION. 133 4. Compare the democratic government of ancient Athens with some one of the democratic govern- ments of the middle ages or of modern times. . Describe and compare the various ways in which plebiscites or votes of the whole body of citizens have been used in modern States. . By what marks is a federal State distinguished (1) from a non-federal or unitary State, (2) from a group of allied States? Tliustrate your answer with examples. . What. are the uses of a second chamber of legislature in a modern State with representative institutions ? Discuss the merits of various methods of determining the composition of such a chamber. . Discuss the basis of the distinction between civil law and criminal law. What is its practical impor- tance ? . What is meant by Paternal Legislation? Are there any instances of it in the English law at the present time ? . Enumerate and describe the various kinds of evidence by which the rules purporting to constitute inter- national law are shown to be accepted as law. Estimate their comparative value. . What are,according to international law, the essentials of a title to territory by occupation ? Illustrate your answer with examples. . What is meant by a City-State? Are any peculiari- ties common to the political systems of such States ? 0 | [| { i i 8 1 § il i | | IH il ] 3 | 4% fi id i | 4 8 i { 4 § a | { { 1 IHN, re CIVIL SERVICE COMMISSION : [AUGUST, ROMAN LAW. (1.) [Full marks may be gained by answering eight questions, Not more than eight must be attempted. Of the eight questions all Candidates must answer the Jirst three, and may answer any five of the remainder. | 1. Translate and discuss the following passages :— (¢.) Si quis in aliena tabula pinxerit, quidam putant tabulam picturse cedere : ridiculum est enim picturam Apellis vel Parrhasii in accessionem vilis- simee tabule cedere. (0.) Venditee res et traditze non aliter emptori adquiruntur, quam si is venditori pretium solverit vel alio modo ei satisfecerit, veluti ex promissore aut pignore dato. Quod cavetur quidem etiam lege duodecim tabularum ; tamen recte dicitur et jure gentium, id est jure naturali, id effici. Sed si is qui vendidit fidem emptoris secutus fuerit, dicendum est statim rem emptoris fieri, (c.) Unde quidam putant pupillum aut mulierem cul sine tutoris auctoritate non debitum per errorem datum est, non teneri condictione, non magis quam mutul datione. Sed heec species obligationis non videtur ex contractu consistere, quia is qui solvendi animo dat, magis distrahere vult negotium quam contrahere., 2. Ex his itaque apparet, per liberos homines, quos neque juri vestro subjectos habetis neque bona fide possidetis, item per alienos servos, in quibus neque usumfructum habetis neque justam possessionem, nulla ex causa vobis adquiri posse. Et hoc est quod dicitur, per extraneam personam nihil adquiri posse: excepto eo, quod per liberam personam, veluti per procuratorem, placet non solum scien. tibus, sed etiam ignorantibus vobis adquiri posses- sionem secundum divi Severi constitutionem, et, per hanc possessionem etiam dominium, si dominus fuit qui tradidit, vel usucapionem aut longi temporis praescriptionem, si dominus non sit, _ Translate this passage, and base upon it a histo- rical account of the Roman Law relating to the Acquisition of Possession and Property through third persons. 1898.] INDIA CIVIL SERVICE :—OPEN COMPETITION. 135 3. Translate and explain :— (a.) Similiter iegatarius heredem eodem modo liberat de legato quod per damnationem relictum est, ut tamen scilicet, sicut judicatus condemnatum se esse significat, ita heres testamento se dare damnatum esse dicat. De eo tamen tantum potest heres eo modo liberari, quod pondere numero con- stet, et ita si certum sit. Quidam et de eo quod mensura constat idem existimant. (b.) Qua et ipsa parte legis damni nomine actionem introduci manifestum est. Sed id caveri non fuit necessarium, cum actio mandati ad eam rem sufficeret, nisi quod ea lege adversus infitiantem in duplum agitur. (c.) Mancipatio propria species alienationis est rerum mancipi, eaque fit certis verbis, libripende et quinque testibus preesentibus. Res mobiles non nisi preesentes mancipari possunt, et non plures quam quot manu capil possunt : immobiles autem etiam plures simul, et que diversis locis sunt, mancipari possunt. [Any five, but not more, of the following may be answered. | Explain the nature and operation of the actio Publi- ciana 1n the earlier law and in that of Justinian. What were the requisites of the acquisition of pro- perty by usucapio, and the causes of the develop- ment of the parallel system of Praetorian rules as to acquisition by lapse of time ? Explain the rules which govern pradial servitudes. In what ways could these rights be created in the second century of the Empire ? . Explain and illustrate the influence of the conception 8. of bona fides on (1) Possession, {2) Agreements. Illustrate from the history of the law as to succession on Intestacy the relation of the jus honorarium to the jus civile. ! x 136 CIVIL SERVICE COMMISSION : [AUGUST, 9. Trace the history of the forms in which a contract, of Stipulation could be concluded, and discuss the connection between it and the literal ” obligation of Justinian’s Institutes, 10. “Res inter alios acta alii neque nocere neque pro- desse potest.” Explain the grounds of this rule, and of the exceptions which were admitted to it. 11. Sketch the development of the Roman private law of Delict, in particular noting changes which mark progress from archaic to civilised ideas, ROMAN LAW. (2. — [Candidates are expected to answer the Jirst three questions, and any five, but not more than five, of the remainder, ] 1. Translate and explain :— (¢.) Huius ergo turpitudinis seruos quocumque modo et cuiuscumque aetutis manumissos, etsi pleno iure dominorum fuerint, numquam aut ciues Romanos aut Latinos fieri dicemus, sed omni modo dediticiorum numero constitui intellegemus. (0.) In plurimis autem causis adsimilatur is, qui adoptatus uel adrogatus est, ei qui ex legitimo matrimonio natus est. et ideo si quis per impera- torem siue apud praetorem uel apud praesidem prouinciae non extraneum adoptauerit potest eundem alii in adoptionem dare. (c.) Sed fiduciarios quoque quidam putauerunt cedendae tutelae ius non habere, cum ipsi se oneri subiecerint. quod etsi placeat, in parente tamen qui filiam neptemue aut proneptem alteri ea lege mancipio dedit, ut sibi remanciparetur, remancipa- tamque manumisit, idem dici non debet, cum is et legitimus tutor habeatur, et non minus huic quam patronis honor praestandus sit. 2. Translate the following passages, explaining, so far as you can, any apparent contradictions :— (¢.) Olim enim testamenti faciend; gratia fiduci- aria fiebat coemptio ; tunc enim non aliter feminae 1893.] INDIA CIVIL SERVICE :-— OPEN COMPETITION. 137 testamenti fuciendi ius habebant, exceptis quibusdam personls, quam si coemptionem fecissent remancipa- taeque et manumissae fuissent. (6.) Inbonislibertinarum nullam iniuriam anliquo lure patiebantur patroni. cum enim hae in patro- norum legitima tutela essent, non aliter scilicet testamentum facere poterant quam patrono auctore. (c.) Praeterex permissum est iis et peregrinos et Latinos instituere heredes uel iis legare ; cum alioquin peregrini quidem ratione ciuili prohibeantur capere hereditatem legataque, Latini uero per legem Juniam, (d.) Latinus Tunianus et familiae emptor et testis et libripens fieri potest, quoniam cum eo testamenti factio est. 3. Translate with any necessary comment :— Fuerat antea et rei uxoriae actio ex bonae fidej tudiciis: sed cum pleniorem esse ex stipulatu actionem inuenientes omne ius, quod res uxoria ante habebat, cum multis diuisionibus in ex stipulatu actionem, quae de dotibus exigendis proponitur, transtulimus, merito rei uxoriae actione sublata ex stipulatu, quae pro ea introducta est, naturam bonae fidei 1udicii tantum in exactione dotis meruit, ut bonae fidei sit. [Any five (but not more) of the following may be answered. ] 4. Describe shortly the general character and form of the rules contained in the XII Tables. What are our principal sources of information as to these rules? What bases have we for an opinion as to the completeness of our knowledge of them ? 5. State the effect of the enactment commonly called the Law of Citations. What inferences as to the authority of Gaius have been drawn from its wording ! Estimate the juristic, as apart from the historical, value of the extant writings of this jurist. 6. Describe generally the changes produced in the law of manumission of slaves, by the legislation of the CIVIL SERVICE COMMISSION : [AUGUST first century of the Christian era. Consider the effect of the following manumissions :— (a.) By the testament of a bona fide possessor. (b.) By an owner who has previously pledged the slave, (c.) By one of joint owners. 7. How was Adrogation effected in the time of Cicero ? What inferences as to the purpose of Adrogation can be drawn from the restrictions which applied to it, but did not apply to Adoption of a person alieni iuris ? 8. Explain the legal position of the * hereditas iacens,” considering by whom and to what extent rights and Liabilities could be created on its account. How would you Iimit the proposition that ¢ hereditas sustinet personam defuncti ” ? 9. Mention and distinguish the forms of legatum enume- rated by Gaius. Explain the controversies which existed in relation to legata per praeceptionem. State the practical effect of the Senatusconsultum Neronianum on the law of legata. 10. Define an Exceptio. Illustrate its operation. Discuss the statement that proof of the allegation contained in an Exceptio involved absolution of the defendant. 11. Explain the expression Litis Contestatio. At what stage in the course of an action did Litis Contestatio occur? In what sense and to what extent at different epochs can it he said to have effected a novation of the right on which the action was based ? ENGLISH LAW. (1.) Law or CoNTRACT AND Law OF EVIDENCE, [Five questions (and no more) vn Part I. are to be attempted, and three (and no more) in Part 1] 4% Part I.—LAw oF CoNTRACT. 1. “A revocable promise is unknown to oup law.” Ex. plain and illustrate. 1898.] INDIA CIVIL SERVICE :—OPEN COMPETITION. 139 2. Give an account of the chief points settled or con- sidered in— Henderson v. Stevenson. Watkins v. Rymall. 3. Since the Married Women's Property Act in what respects is a married woman's capacity of contracting still anomalous ? Refer to leading cases on the construction of the Act. 4. Summarize the points raised and decided in the Carbolic Smoke Ball Company's case. Some valuable documents belonging to B having been stolen, B causes handbills offering a reward in the usual terms to be printed, and sends them to P, the superintendent at the nearest pollce-station. A, a constable, has meanwhile given certain informa- tion to Q, his inspector, who forwards it to P. The packet of handbills and Q's letter are delivered to P by the same post. A’s information leads to the conviction of the thief and the recovery of the documents. At the time of giving the informa- tion to Q, A did not know that any reward had been announced, Can A sue B for the reward ? 5. State as accurately as you can, and, if possible, with reference to recent decisions, what you conceive to Siu : a be the principles on which agreements “ in restraint of trade” are now upheld or disallowed by the Court of Appeal. 6. A person 1s induced to take shares in a mining company by a statement in the prospectus that the mine intended to be worked is of good quality and practically inexhaustible. The accessible ore is worked out in a few months, and is of inferior quality. What are the shareholder’s remedies ¢ How does an order to wind up the company affect them ? : 7. What is meant by Undue Influence? Illustrate from recent cases. i ! y Hl | 1 | i i 0 i iH ur i] iH i 3 4 1 4 i i i i 140 CIVIL SERVICE COMMISSION : [AUGUST, Part II.—LAW oF EVIDENCE. 8. A Frenchman sues an Englishman upon a contract made in London for the delivery of goods at Bordeaux. Questions are raised i.) whether the contract 1s to be governed by English or by French law ; (i.) what, if French law be applicable, is the rule of French law in the case. How will the Court inform itself in order to decide these questions respectively ? 9. In what cases can additions to or variations of the contents of a written instrument be established by oral evidence ? Illustrate by examples. 10. Define estoppel in pais. What 1s meant by equitable estoppel ? Mention any recent decision which has affected the law on that head. 11. You are consulted by a local committee as to a supposed unlawful inclosure of common land. No kinds of facts will you endeavour to ascer- ain ? 12. Describe the ordinary course qf) examination of wit- nesses in a jury trial, stating how objections to particular questions are made and deait with. ENGLISH LAW. (2.) CONSTITUTIONAL AND CRIMINAL Law. [ Eight questions and no more are to be answered ; not more than four in either section of the paper. ] Parr I (Any four questions to be answered.) Constitutional Law. 1. Describe the constitution and working of the Pri Council at the present day. 3 BY 1893.] INDIA CIVIL SERVICE :—OPEN COMPETITION. 141 2. How do the two Houses of Parliament communicate with one another, and how are they brought to an agreement when they differ in opinion ?% 3, Show how the independence of a self-governing colony is protected (1) by rules of law, (2) by usage and convention. 4. Discuss any recent cases which illustrate the impor- tance of the Writ of Habeas Corpus. Define the “right of public meeting” ; A is chairman of an election meeting to which all electors have been invited. B, an elector of the opposite party, attends the meeting and per- sistently interrupts the speakers. Advise A as to his proper course of action. . In what cases may a judge (1) of a Superior Court, (2) of an Inferior Court be made liable in respect of acts done in his judicial capacity * © lez} Parr 1L (Any four questions to be answered.) Criminal Law. 1. “Of late years but little attention has been paid to questions of venue; but such questions, when they do oceur, are very difficult of solution.” Explain this statement. 9. What constitutes the crime of robbery A prepares a promissory note for £1,000, and induces B to sign it by presenting a pistol at his head. Can A be convicted of robbery 3. Distinguish murder and manslaughter, and discuss the question whether a person may be found guilty as an accessory before or after the fact to man- slaughter. 4 On an indictment for perjury, what proof is required of the authority under which the oath was admin- istered, and of the material importance of the matter sworn to ? 142 CIVIL SERVICE COMMISSION : [AUGUST ? 5. . . . . When 18 a nuisance indictable? How far may lon sage and convenience of trade be relied on h prove that the state of thi al : at indictalls nate J ngs complained of is not 6. . . . Discuss mens rea as an element in crime, with reference to &. v. Prince and R. v. Hibbert Speco] 143 TABLE OF MARKS. In accordance with paragraph 6 of the Regulations, no Candidate has received credit in any subject (except English Composition and Mathematics) for knowledge represented by less than one-fifth of the maximum, but the marks for knowledge beyond that standard have been assigned up to the maximum in proportion to the merit of the work. Inp1A CrviL SERVICE —O0UPEN COMPETITION OF 1893.— SELECTED CANDIDATES, Pet . =~ Ro p NUMBER OF MARKS OBTAINED. | g ¥ 5 ge —— . —- ‘ ! : >) 154 . S |g = 2 2 NATURAL SCIENCE, 2 . lg [B 58 = g | = (8 E 5 IE i 81s] FIE |E S|E.| B +1 Be Ga = NAME. < ° 2 = { iis + 3S 8 5 o hdd a 5 E = 2 © = + oO 3 = by I Bh 5 2 ie. = =D = | = a 2 > = | E = : ci . 8 (B4i125 0 2 a. ASB |E | BIBER es EZ (232 ot = - SiS ey 2 |22 52d |nB|as| | =i 82 j= CERREREIR: Au = 18 | E |X SIS | E|&|5|5|88 |x| |E |S SEEEEL EEL P| FEE 5 (=| = [ESE wrillege in i Bi AEA HEHE HEE EEE HEH EE EE EE HE AE 5 8 |= 13 | 56 Danks, Enc SE we} 23 oe vee see | eee | eee | 300 | 306 | 238 woe .- see Twnn ii son | we Hui | 255 235 ~~ 119 | 166 | 151 | ... | ... | 276 2046 s 14 [111 Rigg, Arthur Edmund...| 22 94 oe 75 | va | ooo | 320 | 240 | 296 ee wee vou sor] see | oer | eee | wee . ee | 230 | 205 . 55 | 155 | 146 | vee | ... | 185 2001 “ - enemys RE a at HTH tT Dl J I ” 2 . pt India Civil Service.—Open Competition of 1893.—Selected Candidates—continued. a | co No. ed NUMBER OF MARKS OBTAINED. . Z Ps 0 — | By — > $ la] 3 - . . . =] < = Q = £ g = S g NaTuRaL Science. : E 5 E £ | g $ E : & : : : 2 <= | 3 NAME. < g g 1 gi : I AE S82 S-E|=n] & | E |B 3 = ~|% |g 2 S Z lwg|5k B : | BE | 2 (EB (fF. =2egBi BE | 332 > 58 AIEEE REI ETI c |B2|SEed|uEos| Bs] 83|E |B |S |502%E 58 & 512%. Z| 3 SVE |E|%|2|5|82 4s | 2 |55|e5ndleiieal3 5 BE 2 SlE|egE 132 2 |2|15|E 3] o S | 4 $2 |8 | F185) | 8 |3 | 3 258 me mh 8 |2|8 552 2 | 5 (882 558 8 \2|2| 2 ¢ < 8s “|= |o [RA |a|<|d |S |A|8 |< [ES AESEA|S|8|R| eed ee le ee fp en a —_— —_ 2 215 | 204 256 | 1987 z “hee ~ 71632687 ,.§ i 16 | 53 | Mant, Reginald Arthur | 22 | ..| «| ..|..|.. [280219239143] .. ae an] ese Fane fone ine i 3 240 es see 19 188 { .v | .oe 187 16 | 83 | Webb, William Harold | 22 | ... vee eee | eee | «a | 300 | 160 | 200 | ... see see ote weed woe Tasnil wen | oe .. | 281 a : 2 ove eee | oe 1220 | 174 6 .e 17 | 62 | Dalal, Barzore J. | 22 | 154 aed 1.228 | ter yee | 285 aes we | 283 | 79 . wre fone [aoe 340 vio Jona jb LIB | ... .. 1200] 125 7 1867 | 7 176 ose 0103 | 94... ..]| 113 | 1861 18 | 21 | Pantin, Robert Gerald... 22 | 59 | ...| 108 |... | .. | 225 | 329 | 384 | ... sos ans cor | veergine Lies dr sit ae we 1170 7 S | 325 | 158 | ... wo (120 | ... | 154 | 1853 19 | 14 | Kirton, Wm. F., jun. ...| 22 | 185 | ...|276 | ... |... [225 | ...| ..|222| 41 6 wee Joee J con § vee | eee] wee { 139] ... 3 oe eee | ooo [134 | 195 | 1842 20 | 9 | Cotton, Wm. Bensley ...| 21 | 200 | 258 eee | eee | ee | 285 ve «. | 334 | 116 136 sen’ h oan wer [wee] cor fines | 98ST see es oes 116 : aes [250 | 174] ... ... |268 [289 | 283 | 1800 21 | 44 | Burn, John Gunn vn 21 98 | 210 tes | ven] wee [195 bo! vee ee oe 5% sve wnat sea] age [ear | coe 33 : a A vee vee lives | oes «| 361] 201 oe ses 108 | 111 | ... | | 208 | 1793 22 | 93 | Wood, John Barry ...| 22 | ... vos wes [ives i} vor {S60 { 408 1 362 1 uo. ses ave veo 8 an hy ot 3 eee [ee [ 86} 00a] ej 211193181 ... oer se of wer 7 23 (124 | Walmsley, Hugh l201) 44| | 86] ..|...[280[305]348| ...] .. oe ae a 5 7 : veo aee | nel yes [iene 34| 99149 ... 174) ... 09s cen 1 vee : 737 24 | 81 | Roper, Campbell R. | 22 [ 166 | oo | oof oof... [275] 244303 | 80 ... oe “ee oo on 3 soe Joe bee jee]... 1180 .. | 158] 261 Fo aes | see’] wes 5 7 25 | 18 | Lloyd, Ernest Sampson | 22 | 118 | 179 | 134 | ... | ... | 240 | ... | 141 | ... ove on So 4 : a S soe ese cee ses eee { . 26 | 49 | Emerson, Thomas 22 12561 228 1 186% ... 0 95 «| 261 | 364 | 114 gee cee liane Favrt vee doo Ts or e ase 4 se Fave fiver gives we [193] 224 | .. 0 160 | 140 | ... | ... | 168 | 1716 4 27 | 25 | Shepherd, Walter C. ...| 22 | ... oes seni wae] uee 1 881 1208 1-245 1 ee " cee | eee . . 0k han i , 28 | 75 | Cooke, Arthur George...| 21 | 200 | 89 eee | vee ee 1 210] 399 | 408 | ... wr vee exe ees J wow [one] eee i wee ee 89 | 180 | ... ee wor [oven oo | 1 | India Civil Service.—Open Competition of 1893.— Selected Candidates—centinued. NUMBER OF MARKS OBTAINED. | . NATURAL SCIENCE, —-— | NAME. In Order of Merit. Philosophy Moral Philosophy. sition, matics. Physics. History. Elementary ) Age on Ist April, 1893. Chemistry and In Examination. English Sanskrit. T nglish Compo- Mathematics. Advanced Mathe- Physics. Higher Chemistry. Higher Animal Physiology. J English History. Greek History. koman History. General Modern Pohtical Economy and Economic History Log:icand Mental Roman Law English Law, Political Science. (= oO © od oS [=2] om oS | | | Maximum 600 | 600 | 600 | 600 | 500 = oS <> on > 3S oa > S on oO S | | I Barton, William Pell .. serif ennill wae oe olf oe oe . . weil sel | 98 IA¥HES TIATO Williamson, Fred. L. J. 2: ses 8) mes we a ea TR ETE Se Ea 93 Humphreys, Robert ... ari of weal ore : ser ll ree Dives rr 0 Marshall, Robert W. G. Waring, Michael Louis Rix, Harry Sidney Mead, Percy James Hirst, William Alfred ... NOISSINIWOD dD 2» Keatinge, Gerald F. ... Barnes, Herbert Charles Thompson, Arthur ... Cuming, Arthur Herbert Edgington, Arthur ... McKerron, Robert G. ... ‘ISNHAV | India Civil Service.—Open Competition of 1893.—Selected Candidates—continued. 2 S NUMBER OF MARKS OBTAINED. NATURAL SCIENCE. A. In Order of Merit, In Examination. Age on Ist April, 1893. Sanskrit. English Compo- sition. Mathematics. Mathematics. Elementary Chemistry and Chemistry. Geology Physiology. J English History. Greek History. Roman History. General Modern History. Political Economy and Economic History Logic and Mental Philosophy. Roman Law. English Law. Political Science. Advanced Higher Animal Greek. Physic 8. Maximum | | 8 Moral Philosophy. S o -1 o> > |g > 3 rs oS 3S | Estcourt, Ernest Alfred Hare, William Ernest K. FOIAMES 'ITAIO VIANI [681 Morgan, Henry Tilson... Jones, George Alfred ... Moss King, Robert C. H. Swann, Frederick S. P. Ashworth, Ernest H. ... Simeox, Arthur H. A. ... Weston, Donald... Sale, Edward Little Kingsford, Douglas H... ‘NOILILAdIWOD NHJO— Fraser, William... ov Coleridge, Francis A. ... Conroy,CharlesH.J.O'N. Lvl CIVIL SERVICE COMMISSION : [AugusT, NUMBER OF MARKS OBTAINED. INpra Crvin SERVICE.—QPEN COMPETITION OF 1893.—CANDIDATES NOT SELECTED. ~~ SS oo H [=] HH [ee] ed oN © H © 0 © . oO oS t= © t~ Hn >» aN [e301 2 adds 22s 5 — — — — — — — — — — — — — yr ~~ [=] oS 0 0 - [=] B BD I TejoL § = § 8 8 3 3 2 = o 2IUITOS [BINIO, S | RN =~ ® 0D OO ie ° Ss od | 3 s EZ = = i 8 23 *oudog reonod | AE © 2 °o @ ) MET ysTSus 8 © ei rriricionlintin Tie dhe bene See ie AiR 3 ari PER ful tee pd) B30 caw usufuy | RQ 3 : ry : © ‘Me uvwoy |S | © 0 o 2 1 3 S , 3 S i 2 R fi : "mel uvwoy | 3 33.4 1; *LydosorryJ 1810 = | PDA paiva core la Ll clea at eT gy L eS md eon | 3 | Be oi 3-1 Boi oditasao 8 348 "Lqdosonyq (ero | Pog = . *Lydosoyg S — v > : : > v . : = [BJU pu ojo | F | - PE ded geiey lo 8 308 . *Audosoryg g } $2 : ° o 2° = [B3UdIy pue odor , : ht = * £109STH STWOU0D = enn -- - = pug 2 Sa 0.5.9 © OS © ee I "£1081 otmouooy | o $ Luouony reorpor | °° 5 2 : : SS pus 3 2 {1 1° 8 00.9 S 7 : S Aurouooq 180110 *L109STH =] LR :% ° © 2 = Slo ’ ! S Sig: S13 3 © L101SIH | © o © © ¥) WIAPOIY [BIduUdY) | B —- x mo | WIIPOIY [BioUSY | g =° ( | * x » * x= : ? . g -9Y)BI{ DIOUBAPY = : : : 3 > or n oo ! : : : : . 2 re | K sopewaely | | : alt : 3 Jodi : e *SOIIRWAYIRIY S 23 2 : : 8 ‘une | 3 - e NII ae © 8.'9Q & o . 2 | $ ©. © 30 = : = oh & 1 = A oe 1S) uner) #2 | » : : L- ————————— . put =~ . o | 0B WD 1 © o : 2 1 3 | on 2 F258 ++ 3 3 wun BY boi.) = “Hons 3 DB.RKI9 IS BS BW oN 2.0 Ww i aon zg! Sw wn vow e 2 3 5 -odwo) wsusug | 3 | AJR ans ennmoe 2 Kas id -odwo) ysyduy | I | AS BRE eR BB EW ® 4 B= semester Sheba ‘ o . Oo : 2 : . . . wl ! . . . . gl 3 oruiy | 8 i i Edd 5 oquy | 8 i ll a Pos a 31 early 2 it $5 ~ . o : . . . . | — jLnsues 2 : $i : } 3 2003 * u e : : aD 3 = wsuvs | 2 : RR E Rl Letitia © 3 wpe 8] ES 11: tries, g sn ymin 2) 2-3 ; 12° ee sit EE 0 | : S | : : - . . . 0 o : a % | wey | 2 3 3 boop ag 3 ‘uswWIdn 8 3 = = $1.8 % = Se ou i . g | : . TT gn Sey ey . > — | pus | 8 | : 3.8% 3g £8 : 8 22 ‘youaIg 3 3 = = 2 2 a . = 3 I a : | . . = S aS hou g | uonewiwexy uf | 5 FT RZ2F'ZT 83 nn x= a Wel NTS | ‘uoneurmexy uy | 8 ES) T8333 4g = | ™ g | = q 3 P| 2 = 2 B . ww © Lng 0 5 Spout | “aw 10 19pI0 uy 2 $538 8288z388 323852 “ISI JO JopI( uf 2 8S 3§83z 58 = r— — — — — — — 152 CIVIL SERVICE COMMISSION : CANDIDATES EXAMINED at the for the CrviL Service of INDIA, [AUGUST STATISTICS. TaBLe 1.—RaNK, Proressron, or Occupation of the Farnrrs of the OreN ComPETITION Of Avausrt, 1893, Number of Successful Proven, Ke. | Candidates Candidates. Examined. Army, Officers of “ oe ve .e 3 2 CrviL SERVICE: Home Civil Service .e 3 1 India Covenanted Service. . 3 1 » Uncovenanted Service 5 ve » Service of Native State 2 1 Ceylon Civil Service 1 .e Peer .. ‘e i» oh . 1 . CLERGY: Church of England. . . . . 15 9 Ministers of other Denominations . 4 Law: Colonial Judge (1-1); Barrister (3-2) .. “ . 4 3 Advocate (1-1); Solicitor (3-2); Attorney (2-0) .. 6 3 MEepicINE : M.D. (4-1); Surgeon (2-2) .e oe “ 6 8 No profession, J.P. (2-1) ; Zemindar (1-0) ; Squatter (1-1); Planter (1-0) 2s ia ‘ e * . 5 2 Professor (1-0); Author (1-0) . ae e " Schoolmaster (4-1) ; Linguist and Translator (1-0) Musi- cian (1-0) ) oe oe oe oe oe oe 6 1 Manufacturer (5-3) ; Merchant (9-6) ; Drysalter (1-1) .. 16 10 Farmer .. . o ve .e ' .e ‘ 5 3 Engineer (1-1) ; Manager of Bank (3-1) ; Manager of Com- pany (1-1); Chartered Accountant (1-1); Con- tractor (1-1) ‘ ‘e . oe " “ 7 5 Agent (1-0); Builder (2-2) ; Clerk (1-1); Bookseller (1-1) ; Chemist (2-1); Saddler (1-0); Upholsterer (1-1) Tailor’s Cutter (1-1); Cellarman (1-0).. ve ve 11 7 Not stated . . .‘e . . ‘ . 3 1 Total : 167 56 1893.] INDIA CIVIL SERVICE :—OPEN COMPETITION. 153 TABLE II.—ScrooLs, &c., at which were EDUCATED the CANDIDATES EXAMINED at the Opex CoMpETITION Of Avaust, 1898, for the CrviL SERVICE of INDIA. Total Number of Candidates Examined. ScHoOLS, &c. = % £ 3 w 0 =| | @ of 2S | BS ABERDEEN : Gymnasium ve ’" . oe oe 1 1 ALDENHAM: Grammar School n ‘ ve 2 1 3 APPLEBY : Grammar School . . o 1 "ee 1 Bata: College .. . * ’e ’e 2 1 3 Beprorp: Modern School e ’ ae 1 ’e 1 BerkaAMPSTEAD : School ve . ve 1 "e 1 Brackrock : French College .. ve . op io 1 1 BrapFIELD : College “ oe ‘eo a 1 ve 1 Bury Sr. Epmunps :- King Edward's School |. “ 1 vit 1 CHARTERHOUSE: School . os » 2 1 8 CHELTENHAM : College .. ‘ Ap 'e . 1 , 1 Grammar School ‘ . “ 1 1 Crirron : College A “er A ot 4 1 5 CroNcowes Woop : College .. a .“ .e ) ve 1 Dorrar : Academy .. “ ve oe . ’e 1 1 DusLiN: High School .e ’e . . “ 1 1 Duurrigs : Academy “a ve .e . “ 1 1 DurHAM : Grammar School .. *" .e . . 1 1 EastBoURNE : College .. oe .e iy . > 1 1 EpinBureH : High School .. ve . 1 .e 1 Emon .. ve ‘eo ve ‘s ‘ 1 oe 1 Ha1LeyBury : College .. .“ > . ‘ Z .o 2 HEVERSHAM : Grammar School * . ‘ 1 ‘e 1 INVERNESS : College .. ‘e . 'e . 1 .o 1 KELso: High School .. .e ‘ ‘ i ‘e 1 Lancing : College “ as ’ .s 1 1 Leamington : College .. ‘eo . 1 a 1 Loxnpon : City of London Schoo .o oe ‘ 2 .e 2 Dulwich College .. ‘e . . ‘e 1 1 King’s College School . ' ve 1 .e 1 Merchant Taylors’ School .. : : 1 3 4 8t. Olave’s Grammar School . ‘ . 1 1 St. Paul’s School . ‘ ’e * 3 3 University College School ,. ‘ 1 .e 1 Westminster School .e ve ’e 2 . 2 MALVERN : College .. . “ . 1 ‘eo 1 MANCHESTER : Grammar Schoo a. "eo 1 ] MarLBorOUGH : College .“ 1 ' 1 NorrineraM : High School eo “4 ‘ 1 1 PorTsMOUTH : Grammar School . .e ve 1 1 Ripon : Grammar School . ‘e oe 1 ‘e 1 RossaLr .. .e . ya .e ve ’e 2 2 Ruesy ‘e oe ‘i ‘sr ve 2 2 - SEDBERGH : Grammar School .. . 1 " 1 SHEFFIELD : Grammar School .. ‘9 : 1 ve 1 SHERBORNE : School .. ‘eo .e .e . 2 . 2 154 CIVIL SERVICE COMMISSION : TaBLe II.—ScHooLs, &c., at which were EDUCATED the CANDIDATES EXAMINED at the Open Competition of August, 1893, for the CiviL SERVICE oF INDIA—-continued. [AUausT, Total Number of Candidates Examined. % << 2 ScHooLSs, &c. % g 3 g @ Oo SE Bg 5s | AE nO PO SHREWSBURY : School .. . “ie .e 1 oe 1 STRATFORD-ON-AVON : Grammar School ois . be 1 1 TIPPERARY : Grammar School oa . . os 1 1 ToNBRIDGE: School .. . vi orf 1004 1 1 TRINIDAD : Queen’s College .. . oi i 1 ve 1 WELLINGTON : College .. . . oe 1 1 2 WINCHESTER . : | 1 e 1 WorogstER : Cathedral Grammar School .. of 1 . 1 Private Turron .e . oe . . 1 . 1 PRIVATE ScHOOLS ot . .e . ool 8 5 13 INDIAN ScHOOLS .e ve : ie | - 9 9 ForereNy ScHOOLS PE : .o os 3 3 Roman CarroLic ScrHOOL o“ : se | oe 1 1 WESLEYAN SCHOOL “ . o | 1 ve 1 PuBLic ELEMENTARY SCHOOL .h s . “ 1 ‘e 1 Not stated 2 . .e ° . ix 1 1 2 Toras .. .e o . oo 56 51 107 § 1893.] INDIA CIVIL SERVICE —OPEN COMPETITION. 155 TaBLe IIL.—UNIvERsITIES to which belonged the CaxpipaTes Ex- AMINED at the Open ComperiTION Of August, 1893, for the Civ SERVICE oF INDIA. od Successful | Unsuccessful |- 5 Candidates. | Candidates. 5 'g 2 « U c Eo NIVERSITIES AND COLLEGES, Subse. Subse. = x quently | _. | quently [ _. — 5 specially | 2 |specially| & | £ 8 prepared.) & prepared. 8 | = & Oo Oxrorp: All Soul’s College .. . oe oe 1 1 Balliol ” ’e ve .‘ 2 3 6 8 Brasenose ,, .e “ie ais oi 1 1 1 Christ Church . . 1 1 1 2 Corpus Christi College .. 2 3 ve 1 4 Exeter College (previously at Aber- deen University). . . . .e 1 .e or 1 Hertford College ve . 1 2 2 3 Jesus ” ’e th ’ e 1 3 3 Lincoln ,, or ob Pi 1 2 1 1 3 - Magdalen. ,, ve he “ 1 ’e .e 1 Merton 2 w oie .e 1 2 1 1 3 New » (one also of Lon- don University) .. . “ 1 4 .e We 4 Pembroke College .. " ve oe oe 1 1 Queen's " w .e .“ 1 4 1 1 5 St.Jow’s ,, .. oh or “ae 1 1 2 Trinity y . a 2 . . 2 University , al 1 . .e 1 Wadham » "ee e os 2 2 " “s 2 Worcester ,, .. oe a 1 1 1 2 Non-Collegiate oe ‘ .e “ 1 1 1 CAMBRIDGE: Caius College .. “ ve 1 .“ *e 1 Christ's revioey at Punjab University) oe vr ie . . 1 1 Clare College . ve 1 1 "es ’e 1 Corpus Christi os ‘oe 1 1 1 Emmanuel College (one previously at Glasgow University) .. 2 2 ve 2 4 King’s College PN . . 1 ’e 2 3 Pembroke ,, ‘“ ae 4 ve . 1 1 St. John's ,, ‘e “ .e 1 1 eo “ 1 St. Peter’s ,, (both also of Lon- don University) , 1 1 ‘ 1 2 : Trinity Collece (one also of Lon- don University) . oe . 2 2 1 1 3 Trinity Hall iH vy . ve ve me 1 1 Non-Collegiate .. ve . be 1 1 1 LonpoN : (one previously at Calcutta) . 2 2 2 2 4 oe . ve . . oe 2 2 2 EpiNBURGH ve vr . .e 2 2 . . 2 1 ‘ 'e 1 156 CIVIL SERVICE COMMISSION : [AUGUsT, TaBLe IIL.—UnrversiTIES to which beionged the Canprpates Ex- AMINED at the Open CompETITION Of August, 1893, for the CiviL SERVICE OF INDIA.— continued. a Successful | Unsuccessful | 2 Candidates. | Candidates. : 'g LQ 2M UNIVERS'TIES AND COLLEGES, gs Subse- Subse- Pe quently | _. | quently | =3 specially| = |specially| B | £3 prepared.| £ |prepared.| 5 | & 2 oO DuBLiN .. .e . . oe " 1 1 4 5 RovaL UNIVERSITY OF IRELAND *e ve 2 2 oe) 1 3 CaLcuTTA ve * oe ve oe oe . 4 4 4 BowmBay .. ‘ .e vis oe .e 1 1 2 2 3 No Unxivegsiry.. . "eo ve oo 10 i0 3 3 13 ToraL .. ve .“ 33 56 29 51 | 107 1893.] INDIA CIVIL SERVICE:—OPEN COMPETITION. 157 Instructions to the Candidates selected in 18938, with regard to their Final Examination in 1894. The Rules relating to the examination to be undergone at the end of the period of probation are stated in the Regulations under which the Open Competi- t'on was conducted. This final examination will be held abut October, 1894, The allowance awarded to the Candidates who pass their probation satisfactorily at one of the approved Institutions* will be issued after the Final Examina- tion. Candidates claiming this allowance must prodice to the Civil Service Commissioners, at the time of the examination, for transmission to the India Office, a certificate stating the amount of residence kept by them, and the character of their conduct. These certificates should be signed by the College Tutor or other officer authorised by the University or (College to which the Candidates belong ; and in the event of their beng unsatisfactory, payment of the allowance will be withheld. + The following statement indicates the course of study to be pursued in the several subjects. : I.—COMPULSORY SUBJECTS. I.—LaNcuaGEs. Every Candidate will be required to qualify in the most important vernacular language of his Province, viz.: — Hindustani, if assigned to ~~ Upper Provinces, Oudh, and Punjab. Bengali ” i” .. Lower Provinces of Bengal and Assam. Tamil » ’ .. Madras. Marathi ” .. Bombay. Burmese » y» +» Burma, The test of qualification in each of these languages will include a sound knowledge of the grammar, some facility in translating from and into the language, familiarity with the written character, and a sufficient knowledge of the pronunciation for the purposes of reading aloud, and of orally translating simple sentences from and into the vernacular.} : Text Books. Hindusta i. —Platts’ Grammar, Kempson’s First Reader. Taubatu-n-Nasth, 1886 (Kempson). First three chap'ers, pp. 1-77. Urda Petitions, Nos. 1 to 12, 47, 85, 100, 117, 135, 155. For the purpose of ac juiring facility in translation, and some foundation for colloquial knowledge, Candidates are recommended to study either Holroyd’s Tas-hil ul Kalim (Hindustani made Easy), or Kempson’s Syntax and Idioms. * A list of these institutions will be found on p- 6. A paper of particulars respecting them will be distributed, and .opies of it will be supplied upon applica- tion, t Extract from a letter from the India Office :—* In the event of a Candidate voluntarily withdrawing himself before or after passing his Final Esamination, or failing to proceed to India within the allotted time after passing his Final Examina- tion, he [or his surety] will be called upon to refund the amount which he has received from this Office.” I Extract from 13th Report of the Civil Service Commissioners as to the neces- sity of acquiring a competent knowledge of the vernacular languages : —*“ We con- sider that at the Final Exam‘nations no amount of proficiency in other subjects should be accepted as compensating for deficiency in this essential qualification.” In choosing the place at which he will Pass his probation, the Selected Candidate should consider the importance of securing, f om the first, good oral teaching in the vernacular language of the I'rcvince to which be is assigned. N.B.—Where pages, &c., are 8; ecified, the numbers are to be taken inclusively. 158 CIVIL SERVICE COMMISSION : Bengali.—Wenger's Edition of Yates’ Grammar, Ka'him4ild (up to end of p. 89). Nabanari :—Stories of »iti, Abalyd Bai Rani Bbavéni, and Lilivati. Selections from the Som Prakish (about twenty columns as marked). Bengali Petitions, Nos. 16, 17, 21, 22, 24 and 25. Tamil.—Pope’s Tamil Handbook, Part I. (to end of Lesson 99, on p. 182), 4th edition, 1883. Robertson’s Tamil Papers, p. 189 to end. Wright's Official Documents, first 10 Petitions, Marathi—Navalkar’s Grammar, Part I. (omitting lists of words on pp. 56, 57), and Part II., Chap. XX. Fifth Reading Book, pp. 59-79, 177-205, 213-270, and 301-327. Lipidhara, pp. 1-40. Vichan Mila, Nos. I.-V., inclusive. Burmese.—Judson’s Grammar ; Chase’s Handbook (1890). Thoodamma Tsari (the whole). Hitopadesa, pp. 27-77 (American Mission Press, Rangoon, 1881). Burmese Petitions, Nos. as marked. II.— Law. Indian Law. — All Candidates must be thoroughly acquainted with the following enactments : The Indian Penal Code. The Code of Criminal Procedure, 1882, omitting the following portions, viz., Chap. I, §§ 1-8 and 5; Chap. IL. §§ 7, 8, 10-17; Chap. XIV.; XV. §§ 195-199; Chap. XXII ; XXIII. §§ 811-332 ; Chaps XXVIil., XXXIV., XXXYV., XXXVII1I., XLII, XLIIL ; XLV, §§ 529-5 § 553; and the Schedules, except that the Scheluled consulted so far as they illustrate the text. A —— III.—Hi1sTorY oF BriTisH INDIA. Candidates will be expected to show a general knowledge of the History of British India. They should consult the following works :— The Map of India, with special reference to the prescribed books, Hunter's Indian Empire (Third Edition). Owen's Wellington Despatches. Owen’s Wellesley Despa‘ ches. Holmes’ History of the Indian Mutiny (Fourth Edition). Keene's History of India (1893). II.—OPTION AL SUBJECTS. I.—InpiaAN CiviL Law. The Code of Civil Procedure, 1882, omitting the followin liminary Sections 1-9; Part I, Chap. iii.; Part II., Cha xxiii, xxiv. Part I1I. (the whole); Part. V. (the whol Chaps. xliii., xliv., xlv. ; Part. IX. (the whole) ; Part X. (the whole) ; and the Schedules, except that the Scheduled Forms should be consulted so far as they illustrate the text. The Indian Contract Act, 1872, II.—HiNDU AND MUHAMMADAN Law, Candidates should consult Mayne's Hindu Law and U Muhammadan Law of Inheritance. 32 ; Chap. XLVI, Forms should be g portions, viz, Pre- ps. xxi, xxii, e) ; Part. VI, sage, and Rumsey’s N.B.—Where pages, &c., are specified, the numb-:rs are to be taken inclusively. 1893.] INDIA CIVIL SERVICE :—OPEN COMPETITION. 159 I1I.—LANGUAGES. Sanskrit. —The Grammar (Max Miiller’s, edited by Macdonell.) Story of Nala, Books I.-V1. The Hitopadesa (Johnson), Book I. omitting the Introduction. Arabic —The Grammar (Palmer or Socin). Arabic Reading l.essons (Forbes’), pp. 1-30, 45-49, 68-83. El Fachri, pp. 125-167. Kalila wa-Dimna (Beirdt, 1888), pp. 207-266 [pp. 186-240 of edition of 1884]. Persian.—The Grammar (Forbes or Mirza Ibrahim). Gulistdn (Platt’s) Books I. and VII (pp. 13-45, and 126-143). Bastin, Book II. Selections in Salemann and Shukovski's Grammar, pp. 3-40, and p. 55 (line 15) t> p. 57. The Examination in the Classical Languages will test proficiency in grammar, translation from and into the language (the Examination not being confined to the prescribed lext-books), and, in the case of Persian, familiarity with the written character, as exemplified in the lithographed text-books. I1V.—Ponticar Economy. * The following works may be studied with advantage :— Marshall’s Elements of Economics (1892). Bastable : Public Finance. Jevons : Money. Walker : Political Economy. Clare: Money Market I'rimer. Goschen : Foreign Exchanges. Nicholson: Money and Monetary Problenis. *.* A deduction will be made from the marks obtained in each subject in the Final Examination, similar to that made at the Open Competitive Examination. N.B.—Candidates are reminded that at this Examination it will be decided whether they are qualified for the Civil Service of India, and that no Candidate can be regarded as qualified who is not found to have a competent knowledge of the compulsory subjects. Ripina. At the Final Examination the ability of Candidates to ride will be tested by a Military Officer acting for the Commissioners. The chief tests will be Saddling and Bridling ; Mounting and Dismounting ; Trotting ; Trotting without stirrups; Trotting without reins or stirrups; Cantering ; Jumping the bar at a moderate height ; Jumping a moderate Hedge Hurdle. Although the lxamination will in the main be confined to these points, the Examiner will not be debarred from apply- ing any other tes's which may appear desirable. There will also Le a Preliminary Examination in Riding on October 12th, 13th, and 14th, 1893, on one of which days each Candidate will be instructed to attend ; and there will be an Intermediate Examination at Easter to test the progress of Candidates. All Candidates must attend both of these Examinations, as well as the Final, and they are requested to provide themselves with riding breeches and boots (or breeches and gaiters), spurs, and hunting crops, for the parposes of these Examinations. CiviL SERVICE COMMISSION, Lo~xpon, S.W., August, 1893. * This subject may not be cffered by any candidate who has offered it at the Open Competition. LONDON : Printed for Her Majesty’s Stationery Ofte, Br HARRISON AND SONS, Printers in Ordinary to Her Majesty, (Wt. 12237 875 10 | 98 9720)