Lwfis
BEATRIX

Q
Q

JONES 4
a ,
Q

 

 

 

 

  
    
 
     

 

3. fiéfififié ;
$555 ' f
REEF POINT GARDENS I 1%
LIBRARY u %
l / .1"
:3 {- The Gift of Beatrix F arrand ;
3' i to the General Library 1

University of California, Berkeley

 

 

 

 

l

 

 

Enchlh Garden& *2

GARDENERS

HEIn three Parts.
F l R S T, .
Shewing the Way and order of Plant,
ing and raifing all forts of Stocks, Fruit-trees,
.and Shrubs, with the divers ways and manners
of Ingrafting and- Inoculatmg them 111 then {everal bea-
Torr, Ordering, and Prefer 172111011,
T H E S E C O N D,
How to order the Kitchin-Garden , fo1 all forts 6f
erbs, Roots, and Szllads.
T H E T H I R D1", -
The ordering of1he Gardefigpf Pleafure, with variety-,of Knots, ~*
and Wildernefs work after Gila; beitfafh1on,all Cut in Copper
Plates , alfo the cho oice It‘mo fpp: ov cd ways for the mfingall forts of
Flo Nets and that Seal-on , 11131d1rec‘tansconccmmg lbors , 1111 e ges in '

Gardens; likewife {everalothcr v61; ufeful rhings fit to be known of all that
delight 1n Orchards and Ga. den

WM... -m
By Leonard Medgcr Gabovemmwvrszv a Praétitioner 1n the Art of
D E ' IN G. .

  
 

 

 

 

Fitted for the ule of fuch as delight in énkninpfi whereby the me 311ch ca-
pacity need r101g oub: offuccefs(obfervihg?1he Rules herein di1eacd) in
their undc crtak

Landon, Printend for P. Par/{er 1111171: 5191 op on the r1ght hand ’

mPopeJ—Hcad-Alle} going 0110f Grim/11‘], 1670.

X1.
1.‘

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

     
 

J) {fidm'mn .431... 1 111'. J 111325-0311.” '

111,. . , . ,. ,

     

 

J
x
x
. J
v . Q i .
«pr
1 ~.
.
4 '1.
1,.“
. til. : I
. 3r 4
.. , .H ._ . V
,.. L. 9. . A
.f . ‘ n
4 O x .
a; I u .., .
w . A. ., w.
.9, 5 € \ J x ‘ ..

with

My“ :5. ,Efimg‘ , _ L W

gmmomm tote zi-{Q
To the Worflfipful . . 353:: g ,1:
PHILIP HOLLMANfgfi ~

OfWarl'worth in the County of Northampton, Efq;
Grace, Mercy, and Peace be Multipiyed.

   

Worfhipful Sir, _
7 hath been heretofore accounted a happinefs
I to do fimething that was worthy to be written,
or to write fomething that was worthy the
Reading; and although [have not attained any
V ofthofe two, yet I doubt not to flay I have in the
following Trao‘t writ firnething that is Worthy to
be prafiifi’d ; although by thoflz that are of the low-
er Orb. Sir, I having many years fince had the
advantage and opportunity in your Worflrips Ser-
vice to fiuaflv and prao‘t’iee the Art of Planting,
Grafting, and Gardening, to which I was natu—
rally inclin’d ; an a/fir being in [ooze meafizre ooun~
tenanced and aflifled by your War/hip, as indeed
you did all your other Servants that had any in- A
clination or endeavour to the prarfiiee ofgood
Huebandry ;a/5 alfo having found your Worflyip ra-
ther an an indulgent Father, than a Ma/z'er to
‘me. I being than obliged to your War/hip, in token
‘ A 2 of
01-1

. " (M

 
   

~31 (4‘11
.

1V"

5 “'q ”a '
”j: .. .pftzankfilfnégfi’[bampgefenteijtthrafl oftbe

   

A rt: of Planting, Grafting, andGardening ,be‘ing
' 'wry'plain, 'butyetfzire and full direflions to all
. tbe .afo'refaial purpojés, defiring your acceptance, ‘
ibgetber-witbyaur Countenance anal/,Proteéiion;
fifif’lma} be In) own 7ua’ge, tbe Traéi 135» perform- ,
y, calwitb‘fo mucbfinc‘erit} ana'exaiinefsgtbat I bope ’ -
your War/bi]; will bane no caufla of being a/banzea’
to own the Proteéiion of it. 7 17m begging para/on-
Jfor m} bouldnefs, [re/i

Your Worfl'zips mcff humble Servant
in what ‘I may,

Leonard Meager;

#- .— \W .4— —‘._. -___,._.

 

 

To

1

”Mfr”- \
' “v .. ’
A ,. _

‘ntgttaetaaatttmattmama

TOTHEL

Friendly Reader.

Having [een- diver: Books pretending to the v! rt of
Gardening and Planting, and ehfer'ving the mo]? of
them very much to fafl [bort offure andpartimlar Rule:

to the purpofe, whereh} a Learner might henefit him/elf,
Iha'wnga tat/en: te improze, I thought 6} thtie under-
taking 1 might add/ante it, and hrealeing through the man}
a’tffieults that lay in my 1174],! fleetiall} want of tlme,heing
always neeefsitated through Lahen‘r and mttltiplieit} of 31%-
mfi, together with the want of Learning , whereh} fueh a
hafinef: might he made more aeoeptahle, (or et leaf} le/s em-
tenzptthle) at [a]! I arrived to what I hear have prefented to
your 'view ; namely, the three principal part: of Gardening,
comfrehending hoth Profit and Pleafure, thatie tefa}, the
Art of Planting and Grafting, é'e. andrai/ing allfott; of
frock: and fruit-hearing [lmtht and Trees, with their feafom,
ordering andflmhandring from the firs? to the 14/}. A110 the
"#5: rt of K itchin- Gardenia g, hoth for the raifing of 4” nfen.
fn/ Sallets, Herbs, and Root: for the Kitehin, with their pre-
fer'vatien and Hmhandq full] fet down. ulna' loft/y, the
ordering of the Garden of Plea/are, with diver: form: of
Knots“, Plat-forms, and Wildernejs-worlz, (To. theordering
0f afl fort: of flowers, 41/0 4 little concerning Arhor: and
hedgetin Gardens, with/ante other thing: every nfefnl for
ollfirrt: to he acquainted with; that/Jaw to. do with garden:
anti"!

 

. .. em 1155}: meme 1 have [a em we; plainly with? "
eaten] deeeitful dref: end unneeeflery fimi/ ee, whereby it
1me become ever; ufeful fer all fort: ofprafle‘tiemre , yea
the h of every week capacitfee. I believe had 1 been 4:
[big tin my Rules or Direfieem, 4e been} before me have
been, I might have fetfltd the more queetly; but being other. .
wife, I met}? expert? the {males at leaf! of ewetem [elf-end- ,
: ' awn-What full: of miflaleee ehere may happen to be in the
“Tag, 1 can afl'ure you it me welfal, and/bed upon infertile; » '
wile» be ready to mend them. '
L. M.

.’ -wm—v—U W '

The Contents.

The order and munner of raifing all forts of Fruit-trees,with the
[even] ways of Grafu'no , Inocukting and Husbanding them

for the aforcfaid purpofc.

F the railing nil fire: of
flatly, with the fez/era] 111.

that/fund at large 1» flanderdl,
a: Applet, and Penn, G'e. 52

eeflar} fenfone for the fame. p. l OfVine: and their ordering. 65

OfK preparing the ground, [owing 0f Rafet, their ordering and in-
flow 6

Kner nelt 4nd ofrnit,

"13'
either Penn, Appli', or C r4121, O£Goofe-herr1et

8C. 30
' Of thefeafon and order of planting

out young
f the order and mxnnero of Graflf

ing, and of the neeeflar] tool: for
O

that purpo e.

Another way of grafinp enll'd
nhip-grafling, to he praflifed‘ on-
ly rep-1n [mall/loch.

Another me} of Grnfiing, diferent
from the former for flock: of6 a

Anotfirw way of (jrnfiing on [11:2
Tree: which are too big to cleave
and Graft 1n the eleft.

Another 1rd} of Grafting, cnil’ d

mg.
Another way of propagatingI or
ineretfing of Fruit- -tree1. 20
Oflthe my and manner of Inocu-

Of 11/123511” and manner of Film-
ingt me 4114 4.rge 4!
0f the drefling and keeping your
tree: 111 good order, and fir/i of
of Wall-T

”In 47 1
‘Of the ordering of thofe Fruit-tree: 0f Mmkmellon: and their order-

 

 

0:111:179

um n5. ib17d.
Osztherrie: 77
OfFi lb1rds and Barberriex ibnd.
OfFig: 78
0f thmm ibld
f C hef mete.
0f Q1111: 80
0f Mulberrie: ib.
(Mdlar-treee 81

Offer/ere] tree: 39: to plant by
out-w - bzd.
C ntnlogne of divert/Em oftreet.
2

0f the Ordering of the Kitehi6n—

4r
0f1hefo;ing ofPenfe.ib16df
Ofloning Pnrfm'pt and C arrow.

64
0f annept and their 0 rdering.

I 9,
22 0f Rndtflm and their ordering.
1

Of ordering Letttee,Sp1nnge,g 4r-
- orn- n11et,nnd
fez/ernl other fort: from 173 to

'12..

 

1;
l .

 

, .. V.

«W
. 3" '.

..

ll

'19 216
0fth¢e ordering of (nowhere; 199 Of thofe Flower: call’d Film, or

0fth1fe4/one, order, and rn’anner
' ”Hg

dfetting divert
forte of f met-herb:

fringy -roote1l Flame. 2 o
OfCernatione and Gill} flown,
and their orderin. 23

2 1
0f the: manner of joning [11111121 Of the ordertng end 1ncre11f 11g 30f ,
30

The name: of diver; fort: of herht,
conernonl] 111111 fweet herbs.

Arte ion 0’ 1, Benre- -eer, on e
hy/orne French-Conflipe. 238 .
0f Primrofe: and Polientere‘ 240

2.8 A Catalogue of Flown, both fuch

The nanm of. diver: ordinary Phy-
f ck herhe, nfmll; plantedo in

en
The‘ neneet of divert ordinary P31-
herb: , called C hopping-herbs.

The name: of diver: Snllet-herb:
1nd root: , and other. Herhnge
for the Kitohin nfet. 212

The name: of diver: fort: of Pea/e.

2 21

0f Winter 51111111. 214
Another fort of Winter Salim. ib.
0f'1he ordering of the Garden of
Plea/tire, the manner of in—
creajing and ordering of divert
am of Flown, with dwer:
foremo ootfkne i.b
The nanmof feveral herb: fit to
fet knot: with, or to edge hor-
den, to keep them in fez/him.

,xa: are yeerl} to he raifed of
feed, and other: ofdivertkindt,
for the farm/hing of Flower-
pm, and adorning of room 1n
hanfee; nlfo fneh 111 are for
N41150:, and other: that are

'- onlyfor ornqrnene. front 242
to 0246

The name: of divert flowering

Tree: very ornamental to a

Go! or en. 247
The name: of [01m fort: of ever-
green that are hard}, 011 1'11-
ereafe d 148
The name; of fame tender honfed
green, how increefed. ibi.

The namee of divertfortt of P141111
fit for Arbore, with their order-

 

249
Of fee/era] fort: fit for hedge: in
Gardent, and their ordering. 1b.

   

Mv\,\
“‘1‘ ‘

\\\\\\\\\\\~\~\\\\\\ V, “NM “\\\\\‘\\

   

 

\\\\ v \ \\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\ _\\\\\ \\\\\

\\\\\\\\\\\\\w\\\\\\m
MW vaw‘x

°0 \\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\M»\\\\\\\\\\\\\\
O

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

fl

 

 

/\

 

 

 

 

I

 

 

 

 

 

0"

 

Fl'
L‘L)

 

 

 

 

 

’L)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

- /\ L) / L

 

 

 

 

 

(U

 

/ \1 / \J/ \

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

.

.2

.2
.1

    

._
.....

 

      

 

II ""V

':.u':' IM

fiEI‘HHH
“I

 

. INCIL”
“HI
HI""'

-\
V
,I

I
n: .41..
'I

 

I .|
”Hz-2'...”
.I
:2.” IIHVO.'
II

 

 

 

 

 

  

 

In ‘1‘111'1‘011
In

'Ittl

‘III

I“.1|.‘c.....:1‘
t:.‘1

  
  
 

       

 

'1‘! 11
vy.1v-“",II‘
II I

:11” ‘11
I III

zu‘..1::|“':|
| I

  
    
 
  

  

 

 

 

  
    

        
  
 

   
  
    
 

II.
a
1"1‘II‘HII: I‘m“. 'i“.
I H 1"”!
a‘.‘ ”"15"”?
(0 a
“ “.o.c'.n

 

1 u. . .
w. .::.‘.«~.- n
I 1 " 4..” ‘ 1'1“
1“1‘I".H1'.."H'o‘ “‘
"':«"' I .. ' a‘ ‘, ‘1“ 1
"‘ I .'|‘Il .

 
     
      

u

      

 

I'III II
ml.
IIII'I:I ' :I’EI...’ '|:“::
. III ,I‘
'II.‘ III MN I

I

 

0| A

| I., I.

'.I.II .I I IIII.I'

“II. ..II:~I
I I‘D

  

 

 

III”. I'A.I

    
  

       
 
    
     
  
 

    
   

:IHHIn“ ..O:
"'I,I I'I'IEI

    
      

 
   
 
 
  

I
' I' ‘I.II II.
I
IEI ,,I:I:.I.I
I ml. “.0.
II . , I

 
    

I‘:III I
“INI’I‘II
.:'II.I

     
  

I”I.I'
':II
I'I

       
    
  
 
    

III
I::’:I:I::H.,I
I

 

  

    
 

”I
I
'. ‘I .
"a". ,‘N III.“ J“
:I WIN I‘Q

..'I

i
l
i
l

 

 

 

 

’. ‘»

            

       

a 1:9.
nv , . ..h. In...
0.»;
o ,.v 4. .
.¢ “is, ‘
t, . V.
.
as“ . . .
a .
r.
. any}
. \
u. 8..

‘v
n,

“a

 

        

     

                            

             

 

 
       

 

 

             

    

           

      

 
 
   
     
 

         

       

    

            

 
    
      

                            

        
   

‘xx
‘\\
\\\
‘~\
\~‘
\~\
\\\
u\\
~‘ .1
C Huhufl
~ 1 0“
1. q: ‘3.
u. .... ( na‘
.. . . . u. ..q-
........ a nu -
. ..... ‘3. .w M“.
...... ... -0 33V-
..... . -u- 5.0 .
.... ... . 1....
...... a‘n‘c‘
...... ov.1an
:1... .-
u n. . ...H... 4 . .. . .
‘ l , ... :1 ..... ...... .... 1.. .... .. .
Mn MN“ .... ...u................... .......:..............2
Al .0. ................... .................... :1.
to n-.. ..... .. ............. ........v.... .. ..
A 51.: ..................... ..................w 1...
I A; .... "3...... 1...... 2.... .. :2:

u
‘u:
a
A
l’|
n.
l
n“
.o

 

 

 

 

 
 

             

5»
L‘g‘

' 9
D

 

I ‘
.

0" ""‘4Q~u to .~

 

 

 

 

 

 

a ‘ . £223 .1 .AH.

              
      

     

     

   

                                  
          

   
   

  
 

     

 
     
      

         
    

     

                                    

     

   

  

.... ............ .... ... ...... .......
...... ...................... ........ ........ ...........
.. ........... .......... 0’
............ . . .......
. . . . . . . ... ... . \
....... .... .... ..... .............. .
. .... y
. ‘

   

 

    

 

   
        

                              

     

      

   
   

               

  

. . . .... . .
... .H................ ....................
.
....... ...... .......... ....... ...
.... . .... ..... ......
..... ..........
.. . ........:...“
......... ....
......r ....
. ... ... ...
.. ....... ........
‘ ... ... ....

.

. a .
...... ... ....
........."....."...
........._..

.

         

     
          

... .... ...:

     

     

....,
.
............
......
.... ...
........
........

_
...........
........_. ....
'

    

  

......
.....

....—

....—

        
        
    

 

 

    

  

   

    

   

          
   

....
..............n...
.23.... ....—

. . 24.... .
......... .... ..
...................... ....
. .
... .....................
........ .... ..........
...................:.
.. .. ...: ...
... ... .... .
.... .. ... ...
... ............
... .. ...:

. . .....

..........

........:

           

 

        

 

.
.....fl
. .
......:..........
.. ...: .
. . .... .
............
.......
..

    

 

 

      

 

 

    

     

 

.. .. ..
_. . .
........H...
.. . .. ..
2...... .

 

  

 

 

 

_ ,0. ,,._

t

.;
o

'\

 

q... -,

‘1
.-

 

i

 

~

~

p.
a .

m u
.. . q
.

  

 

. [.74
.
;
. - ._ u
; A.
. a I
, \
. .‘ x . .
c
.
. . . . ‘u.
. y , . \ .. V ,
. . .. ‘ . x
. .42: . , ‘
.. . ._ . L ‘ . i g
. .. .. , . I
a . .4; I K ,
. \. . a
.V _ . ‘ . . \ .
a! .. ‘5: . Lu .
n: .3 .2 . .
7.1 ~ _...... ,

     

. L

 

".‘qul‘. Q Q- l

    
        

    
     

 

- .
QQ .QQN- QQQ {‘Q‘QHQQQU. '
-..Q ‘Q‘U QQ‘Q‘Q‘: .Q'QQQ .. M: . ”HQ mini?“
Q‘ ‘_‘QQ ufi. :“M Q.:::._\Ql'__HQ Q‘ Q
Q ”I Q ‘
QI HQ 0““. Q-QQ‘Q ::Q‘.“Q Q
M Q Q! Q .‘Q‘
QQI‘ .Q I‘l‘: Q‘HHJQ‘QQ. Q.
.
QQQ Q“
Q QQQ QQ‘ .
_ IMQQ‘ QQQQ QQQQQQ Q
QM“ ““l QQ Q Q‘
QQ‘QQ QQ‘Q " Q Q Q
QQQQIQQQUQIQ‘Q: % Q. Q.
QQQ‘QQ Q, Q Q Q .
:Q J a
" IQQ.Q“
. l
,H. Q'Q-‘Q: QQQ‘QQ
Q:Q QM; QQ‘.Q: Q.
.
I Q" ‘Q:Q..:N‘Q
Q U. 1
HQ QQQ- Q.QQ, Q
Q:Q:‘::::I'| n ‘ :.('.Q.‘l.::“ “M“ Q Q
QQ‘Q' .Q' Q. . Q tut-"v". ' ”a”
.Q Q. Q “
Q. :IQ in. ha. ”.4. Q; "Q. Q Q
Q Q N ‘Q Q QQ QQ
Q.‘|Q!. 1‘ Q.
Q Q
-Q-Q Q. .Q Q,
U”.

Q Q

.Q'QQ.‘ Q QII..‘Q.Q

Q'Q: '..Q .Q
Q

--
.:
o

.:
--

 

Q
QQ':‘ ‘QzQ'.
Q; Q‘QQ‘A Q‘QQH Q .
0' nu;
‘ Q QQ
“ "Q‘Q Q:Q ‘Q‘Q‘Q‘
Q QQQQ
wQ‘ QQQ Q
' QQ‘Q'QQQQ:Q:Q. ‘
Q‘Q‘Q'Q" Q ‘Q ‘. Q
a . Q Q :QQ (:Q‘
Q.” Q ‘Q Q.“ QQ:Q Q Q
n QuQuQQAJ QQQ QQu

 

Q
‘Q. IHIde‘Q
I
:QQQ Q.:‘Q
Q‘W. ‘Q

I
Q
INHWHIQ‘Q‘.
Q‘ QQQQ
‘QQQQQ
Q Q. QIQQ

 

‘IHQQQQQ. Q-QQQ'
Q:“.‘QQQ_QQQQ
.QQH‘QQQ'N

 

.QW‘QQQ

HQ
“HQ"Q
"“"H

Q Q

Q‘
“”0
..Q
QQQQ‘QQ'QQ‘Q

Q
I‘Q‘I..Qn .‘
NH“
lQ.‘
Mu QQQ QQQ Q

 

km...» .. . Km?
«gfifiap... . . .

 

 

 

     

    

 

 

 

            

   

 

 

   
  

   
  

       
    

 

       

    

 

 

     

  

         

   

       

  
 

 

     

 

  

    
    

          

 

  

 

 

  

  

  
  

 

             
 

     

    

 

         
         

 

  

 

 

                                   
                                 

                  

1n<a¥

 

    
  

 

... .
. ..........
................ :.......... .3........... .......
. ..... ....... .......... . ...... ... ........ . ....
............... .. . ..._............ ....:...... ...ms
...... ........ .... .... ............. .. ......
......... ............ .....:.............. ..... a .......3..... “......I...
... .................. ......... ............................ ... :..
. :..... ., .................................I..............
a .
......... ........ 2...... .......... ............. ....
...... ............. . ......Zn.... .......... ....
....... ... . ................. ............. ............
. . .. .. .
................ ............. .... . ............
... .... ... ... . . ....
... ...... ...... .. ....... . .
.......... .......... ...........
....
..... .... .... ............ .. ....... .........u...
..... .... ............ ... ........ ..
..... .......... .... ..... .... .... ...... .... .
...-. ....f... . .. ....._. .. :.....
........ .. . .. . ... ....... _
... ......... .........M ............... ....... ................
.u... .. .............. ... .. :.....
. ...... ........ ...........
..H. ...... .- 3.. ......
... .....u ..... ......... ..
.......... ......._... ............. ...... :..... ..........
..... .. ............“.... ............. .... ..
. .
..... ...... ......u........ ........ ... .......
........ :..... :... .... ......... :......
...... ..... _. .. ... . .......... ... ....
...... ............... .... ... . ... .... ......... ...
.- . .... . . ... .... ....
. . -
.......... ... ............ .... ... ...... .......... :.. :...
....... ......... .. ............ . . ......... . ... ..
A........... ... ..... ........ .... ........ ........... ..... ....... . .....
........ ......_... ............ .................. ......._.... ...... ................ ........_.._.. ..
.... ........... ............ .... ...... .... ....... ..........._. ............ ... ..
...... .. . .. ............................ ....... .... .. :... ....... ........... ........... ...
.......... . ................ ..... .......... ......... . ... .. .......... ...... ... .....................
.. .. ......... ............ ...: ............ ........ ......... .. .................. .... .
... .. . ..... ....... 1...... ..n.........................._...........
... :..... .... .... ... ................ :... .....
.... .... .............. .... :..... ..... 1......
... ....... . ... . . ..
.. ... :..... ..... .. .. ..... .........
.w........... ... ........... :... .. . ......._ ...._... ....u.
...... ................ ... .............._... ....
..... . ....... . ... .. .... .....
.... .......... ......... . .... ...... ....
. .
...... .......... .5 ....... ... 32.1.21:
................. ...... .n............ .. ... ........... ._
.
....... ... ..........“..n. .............._........ ... ...
................ .... .... ........ ........... ..... ..
.. .. .... .... ............ ...
...... ....... ........ ....... .... ....... ..........
............. ........ .... :.....
...... ....... .... ..... _. ...
................. ... .. ............. ..........
. .
........ ........... ........... :...
........ ......
........
.
................. ........u .......
............
.. . . .... ._
................. ..... ............._... ..................
................. .... ........
............... :................ ....... .......u..
............_............... ....
. . n - .
. ... .. .
............. .. .... ......
.....52 5...... .... ..
._

 

 

  

 

 

 

      

  

1

  
      

 

 

   

              

  

        
 
  

 

 

 
 
   

 

 
 

   
     
  

 

     

 
  

. ..... .......
...... ............. .... .... .......... ... . . ...... I. . ,
... ......... .. .... ............... .35: 21
... ...........H.... .....u“ ..n........ .. .. x... \x j
..... .... ... ..... ...... ..‘K ...
. u.. .. .... .... . .\ ....

 

  

 

     

  
 

 

     

I... .... ... ..

.......... ..........._ .... ..

........... .. ... .. .... ............. .... ..
....... .... .. ....... ....:. ....

....... ... .... ...... ......... . .
...... ....... . ............:....

 

 

   
   

............

    

..
. ...
. ...:
......................
.. .
... .. ....
... .. ...
... .........
.....H.........

 

 

 

      

u

‘u n,
‘fl‘ ”“0“"..1' ‘
\m‘hfln
‘ “WV”
”V

,— at". a; fay—‘3‘?

7..

 

  
 

   

V' - uh . In. Q “\\‘
"“Ua‘ul't' 'iH' i‘ H". . I‘HI‘I'\'\ ”\I
”MANH‘HH . H“ |
I\‘| \:\:§“
‘3‘" ““‘
l I H u
‘\“‘ .
«‘uvn“: '
.\\\I\‘\s\u1\‘\\‘
‘ 1‘\\‘\““‘\‘\“\\“‘“‘\‘:‘fi“"‘u I
In -
:‘I.s\‘:~‘\\‘n .I‘Q‘x :-
‘H ‘01!
‘n ,
“‘3‘” 1.1.1
‘ V Vu-:::\. ““4
’ . v I N‘
‘: ‘3‘ g
a .

        

« ‘13::
2" n
\‘U‘a
‘\ 1R
‘V HI
)
. m
1'
ISM"
:33.
' {a
-'l " 1“!
u ~ . - ’lc' ' 1“ <
::: ""';"':‘u'o:0,'l'v “‘3‘.“ « n ‘a:“
'I
' “31':
4'- a: , g‘ ‘
”u:
n" “‘1: NM“
‘ “‘41-an
“M

I

 

 

   

 

‘~ \t-'
“‘6‘...
1H

   

 

 

 

 

‘th
,1:
IN."

A

‘3
5“”
'lc‘I‘

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

é a.
01.2234.

\n.

.. an

s
3“
a
N van

4‘

~.- ....a... y‘. n

  

.vawpc :

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

I
I

I
II'
III I

I I
II
‘II'I

I
||
III.
I
‘I

|III I
.HIH
l II Il‘l
"1"“ I.“ II

II II

||IIII

I I
“3"."

II
I|IlI I
III'|

'I
I|
'II' ”bun"

|I‘|‘IIIII|

|‘.|l': 'I|.I:||
Il

IIII

I
H II

I' ‘

 

 

 

 

 

I
I
I

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

  

141i. irll ‘15:} ‘1!

 

%
1
l

 
 

 

3J4

.6551!)lithonlbllllblaIIAAA. AOADODIIJIAO

   

a A .JDIIJIOI00|tI.

 
     

  

‘----.-‘--.---4~‘---.

\
\x

.

‘

.

.

.

.

.

.

.
.Attnsnonu‘tn

.

.

~

.

Y .

.

.

. .

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

. .

.

.

.

.

.

 

 

.

 

._
2

r.
:mhvh
.s..1.
r. rouu.

        

. ~
u f.
A....>...S.. ‘
P. (1:... A .
. u :

    

 

 

 

 

“71,—

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

l
v.
8‘41;

 

|.-|n
H.,|,

H '
u.‘,'m,»'."
u ..,. .‘J'H

' H" ' 'I'mn

u

nt}:..u.u:,
I’q‘i'l‘W'
”NW
"an.
«Fun!
‘1

 

wwa'c

 

i
s

E
l
g

 

 

. .
\
_ . .,.
.v
. 1.x
a...
a 4
~ I .0 (
I . i ..
.t.
.I A
l u c
. . .
u A .
_ ‘ U
. o
s w
.. .I I
u 1 u v ~
. . ‘ 1 1 a
. _ . v
\ . . _
.. ., . v. L
w v x. . w)
\ u a f
.u .’
_ . . . a
. s . 4
n .. 1 .-
. I . x . 4
\ . A ~ 1 \ ..l l .

 

rw.

hm? .. 1. .

  

A. a. {no in)!

 

        
   
      

 

 

   

 

‘i’IIq:|‘.|QQc 11111“ 1 1 1|
,1 . ‘ .11.. ‘1‘“ ”311.“.
1' , "M1. ".11
1‘1 .

:M‘U 2““ “1..

1‘ '11 ‘

‘11. 1.

“0‘ 1 1

1 .4

 

 

 

 

     
       

 
  

(‘1 1.11
H1 14111:

1H1”

1 IO I
1

 

11"“ .
‘1‘1‘M‘HH‘
1

    

 

 

 

i
D
fl
V

 

' u
's‘fi .H.

".W
.‘D

    
  
     
  

.6...

n,.
".tbb
.‘l:::

 

H:.n
.!.'D t"
Db I...»
D” t '
Dipp.”'t o.
.. ‘.l...0..
o
D'n’.
..
'u
D
.
.n
p’
0 ”'9'
“~35."
< H
D
t"
1..
.b"
I
.
b
”9 u.".'
H
.u°.,...',un.‘,;'
,v‘:" ' VIDO
.0 O .'l 'I.t
.0. , 3.000.
g . .0 u n)

r "0 .u * v
.D... .0 Dn.
.05 u t...

H '.
I
Dr '.
0:.n~ N."
t'v'
Hut

. ..

D b.

,

'0
0....

’.'t‘:: .:......

:H:'H..'

. H..
.b

“I :‘n’

no”

0
I

D
t.' 'H"D".,p
b," "D
"s

w
.1.."’:' .l ”.033.

U'.'.': w..' '

u, .’

‘ 0" I. ”3...:

1. .3 u

'n
H '
v."y:

\

   

I!
'D'

.va
‘|H
:V

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

“‘ ‘*¢n‘ él‘tbuhu
‘ A. *
“H * “A; A;

  

Au.-

 

 
 

 

 

     

  

..
...

 

 

I

go.

 

.
.

.

.2

       

. .
.

...

 

 

   

 

  
         

.

. ..
5.... .

.
I. .

.I.............

.. _
........_.........

 

 

.
.....

.. ...:...'.-...... 1....
.~._....‘...»'~.....wo....
....:..... .............
.... .. ............

.9. ». .

 

 

 

 

.32:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

   

 

‘, ..’...._.,....,..,__,.-
_. 1 . . \

‘N 1-.
.\.

       

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

     

   

 

 

.
_: xisJ ”\UUU \ DU\U I U
\ \ \\\\\\ \\\|
. .3. .x3\3\.\\u.\ Chan
: :23\\.\e\u€\\-\ ..
‘ :36 \u. \ I-
.:.:\.\D\»«\\\.\\ I:
J\\ x ,1
J
.
.

. :::§ n1» \\
..;_..I\ .\\\\
,

I.
.
.

._;‘- .,_

 

 

Tar zWilierng/Zr

 

 

 

 

M,
w.
u

'9...”
«325:2-
. h':_

”3‘,

 

‘9
I
‘
l
,
r; 1:
at;

 

ewe-m ere

THE

‘Englifli Gardner;

:5; order and Manner of raifng (ll/flirt! ofFruit-
2/; . 31';th 1:56 {ever 1! we)“ of Grafting Inoccula-
~'P1uui»g and Hmivarzding them upon
1nd. :11? of tbe raifirzg allfort: of

. 1 .rqu‘d purvole : 70get er with

.er for ever} neceflarj éufifief:

 

O

. N we oi free of ground to plant a Nur-
iuryr. fFiuir-Trees Upon, let it be fuch

‘ asis 1:1:1 Plya‘ole nature to be wrought
» 1: upon, not Iubj (fro the extreams either
1&1 ‘é’ ofwet or dune-ls, neither very Ptony or
gravelly, nora liming and clamrny clay,
which IS ofa cold nature, and requires muchlabour to
work upon it; and befides, is apt to convert what
manure you beflow upon it into its oWn nature in a
[hen time, without continued fupp]y. The belt Soile
for {uch a ground, and thofe that come near to it, is
fioreofchalk, coal or Buck aflies, with the dung you
beflow on it, which will caufe it to work better, and be
one means to prevent chopping and cleaving, which

B this

  

 

isms ‘11! N" 7“

 

‘ t‘,
.
«a

.‘ 1:“
., ’
.

The Englijb Gardnefi 4i
thisyénatur’d [ground is rfubjeé’t unto infldry weather.
A. wetvaground may be helped by Draihes, Ditches,

 

‘or Ponds, being difcreerly contrived, as alfo by laying

yourB‘e'ds or (Luarters pretty» high. and rifing in the
middle, the better to [boot off the water. And the
fameforts ofdung and foilwill be fit for this kind of
ground as well as for the former. A courfe Gravel is al- -
together unfit for this employment, except'you change
the nature of it, by railing it offuch a thicknefs as may .
make it for your purpofe with any fort ofearth which

is apt to be wrought upon, and may yield nourilhment

‘ to whatyou plant thereon. Alfo if your ground be ve-v '

ry fiony, }‘ our befi way will be to dig and pick out
what flones you can, atleaft the biggefi, and to make <
a fupply either ofdung or earth, that you may have at.
leafi a full fpit deep ofearth to work upon (the more
the better.) Other forts of courfe grounds there are, .2
that by labour and coil may be made capable of bring-

ing forth Trees to good purpol'e. But I forbear to {peak
further of them at prefent, only take notice, that the
belt forts of ground for your purpofe, to plant or make
Gardens upon, are a fine fandy Loame, or a fat fand,or
a fhort brittle Loame or brick Earth, or any good tho-
row mould, be the cooler what it will. The truth is,
every man cannot have what is befi for his purpofe,

.and therefore mufi endeavor to {Upply the defefi with;

good Husbandry.

0f

"7 ‘\'"1w . ,

7:1,” _

i i. i The Enghfi Gardner; i “3»

Of preparing the Ground, and [owing {be Kernel:
and Stone: of fruit, either of Pear: , Applet,
or Crab, 8tc.

HAving made choice of a piece of ground, whereon
to raife your Stocks,the firli thing you are to do is
to dig it very exaé’tly, or flock it with a Mattaxe, if 012‘
calion require, and cleanfe it diligently from all roots,
weeds and (tones, that may hinder the thriving of your
Stocks, efpecially from Couch or Twitch-grafs, Nettle,
or any other offenfive Weeds that are not eafily de-
firoyed by ordinary hand-weeding. But if it be a
ground that hath been very much over-run with bad
Weeds, as Twitch-grafs, @c. it will be your befi way'
to digit overa fecond time before you fowit, for it is
a very hard thing to cleanfe fuch a ground with once
digging.'Your ground being digged and cleanfed, and
well enricht(for the heartier it is,the quicker will your
profit be ) then tread out one Bed or more, according
as the quantity of flones or kernels you intend to fow
require, either of the fiampings or preflings ofCrabs,
where Verjuice is made, or of Apples or Pears, where
Sider or Perry is made, or the Kernels of Apples or
Pears, {aved from fruit otherwife : but for my part!
do like the Rocks of Crabs and wild Pears better for a
Nurfery,and to graft on,than thofe that are raifed from
better fruits,although thefe lafi indeed do {hoot more
clear, 8t come forward fafler in Rock, but the other are
more hardy, and ordinarily make the better Tree (yet:
the other may ‘do well. ) You mufi lift your mould
from the courfefi of the drofs, that you may the better
difcern how thick or thin to low them: be [me to few
them in an indifferent manner, not too thick, lefi they
ftarve one another, nor too thin, left they anfwer not
B 2 ,

your "

 

i, y. ,' m. . My _ . w ,3, .. v 7‘. a, . m: “we: _ I w _. . .35.)! v ‘
‘ i ’ ' » v - " c , -' -‘.~ " * t ‘ » ; , ,- “SEW .- l _ , ,, _.. A ‘ . v A V l
n ~'. g“ ‘, ~"w ‘3” ”‘14 "‘ ,z 'u.‘ Husk “‘A a” . I. h W.” > r r. '1‘. . .1 “:I‘" _ .. , I,“
n ‘,a‘-x ., .M ~ » ". 1 ' i N " I '
(v f- .-~‘ ‘~ , at , ' '4 , ‘_- - “A a“ . , i' ,’ 6 'r>
-, t . = . . ~- _ in a s ._ r . . ~

, LROWCS are nearer together. You mufl take care that 1'
I a they do not (bite too much before you {ow them, and ,

'wayofkeepingthe (tones of Peaches, and fuch like, :‘

      

.your‘labour and coft; by reafon of their {mall nu mber.

' ‘and'be'fidesi what'iswanting in your intended Crop, "

will be made upin weeds 5 therefore endeavour to 1
keep a mean : then cover them about two inches thick ‘
With fine mould, having a care you leave none un:ove- »
red,leafl the Mice take your Bed,- and difappoynt you
'ofyoa'r Crop. After this manner you'may {ow Cher-3
ry fiones, as [have often done with good fuccefs 5» or
you may prick out ybur Kernels or Cherry {tones one
by one, abouttwo or three inches or more afunder,
they will come on falter, and fave a year or more.Thus
may you do with the {iones of Plums, Peaches, Wall-
nuts,(§'c. only fetting them fomwhat furtherafunder.
You may likewife fet Nuts or Filberds,alfo Fweet- bry-
ar (But in {owing Sweet Bryar, and other {uch like,
you, mul‘t bruife the Berries between your hands,which

is the furefi way ) Acorns , Alhen Keyes, Sicarnores, ‘
Hawes, or the Seeds or Kernels of any-other,~ kinds of

"Shrubs or Trees. The Seafon when this work is to be
- done, is anytime From the beginning of September till

Cbriflwlzfr, or former9 according to the time when eve- .
ry fort is ripe; only Chefnuts mufi not be fet f0 foon, l
but rather towards the end ofFebruarhor thereabouts,
for the Frofi is apt to killthem alfo. The Stones of i
Apricocks are apt to Spring too forward5 and {o {ubjefl' ;
to mifearry by the Frol‘ts comingon them being tender. :1
Yet fume do ufe another order or fafllion with their i
(Tones and kernels ofallforts, which is keeping them i
in earthin Tubs,or fuchlike materials 5 and then in ‘
February having prepared the ground, they {ow them i
in Trenches, in like manner as Peafe are fown, only the

   
  
 

'fow not too thick. The truth is, I have praé’cifed this i-

uatil "

mu wry-ru—

   

  

until the Spring,& then fet them out about half a foot
afunder, or more, in good earth 5 thofe that did not
chip,l did crack,and fer the kernels. Obferve that they
are to be kept in the houfe in {ome Cellar , or ether
convenient place,untilyour feafon comes,keeping them
coverd from theMice. Alfo take notice, that if your
Peach {lones be put into earth any thing early, and the
earth moifl or damp,theywill be {omwhat apt to fprout
early,‘and therefore mult be let out betimes. But this
inconvenience happeneth,iFit prove wet and cold, your
tender fprouted Peaches or Apricocks are fubjeé’t to
rot and come to nothing,except you defend them from
the forefaid inconveniences. Another way I have ufed
alfo with good fuccefs, which is, to keep my Peach-

flones in an ordinary way without earth, till near'th‘e ‘
"'Spring, andthen cracking them by farting them edg—

long uponlome hard thing, after that laying them in
form convenient place, with a laying offimold, and a
laying of kernelsfo keeping them from overmuch moi“-
fiure, but giving them all the advantage ofthe Sun, in

which cafe a'little moil’ture was requilite 5 and when:
they were well fprouted,the weather being moderate-.

ly dry, I let them in their order 5 fome will {pire a
month or two before others : I have let fome out in
May, which have been fit toinocculatethe fame Som~
met. That which comes next to be lookt after, is the
keeping them clean from weeds at all times,
which, iffuffered to grow to any bignels, will {larve
your Stocks 5 belides, you can fcarcepull U‘pa great
weed, unlefs you pluck up your young Stocks with it.
Take notice,that if you have the liones or kernels of a-
ny choice fruit,ofwhich you delire to have fruit quick-
ly,then take fome buds even of the fame years grthh,
if of aPeach orNeé’rorin,and inoceulate-on fome conveo

nient-Stock5or ifofother fruit,you may bring it to pafs v . ,

the fecond year at furtheli,and {0 have your d‘elire.

0ft? '

<«

Y. a .3. . 5-2. 3“"? .
9 t ' I» ,, ' V '
“W! ”.1,” 4w: I

I . i ‘
,‘(E !!i l

unaware??? "1w. .

\ ”if: r ‘- , ~, . 3"" :- i.‘ F"???
at at V T719 Englzfi» Gardner.

Of the Safe» and Order of Planting as} of young
, Stockr.

AFtcr your Stocks are of two years grommet after
the firfl year,ifthey havethrivcn luliily,you may
take Up the forwardeli', or all of them, if you pleafe :
but ufually a Bed of Stocks that’s {own indifferently
thick, will yield a fupply of flocks for three or four
years drawin ,if you firli take only the biggefl and mofi
thriving, {uflgring the refi to grow bigger. And now
having prepared a piece of ground, which ought to be
Well dug, and enricht with good rotten dung or {oile,
then fort out your Stocks 5 thofe that have good
fpreading roots; cut the ends of every root pretty near,
and the tops within feaven or eight inches of the root,
unlefs you defire to leave forne of the liraitefi to run up
to graft or inocculate, about flandard or heading
height,and then where you intend to plant them range
a Line, and plant them in order feaven or eight inches

- difiant one from other, allowing three or four foot be-

tWeen every range of flocks, or more, ifyou defire to
fow any Herbage between, as Carrots, Onyons, &c. if
not, three foot is wide enough. But as for thofe flocks
that run with a down-right or a tap root, top them as
the former, and cut a good deal off the down-right
root, and then in a bed prepared range your Line, .and
fet them in order, {omwhat thicker both in rank and
file,with a flick: fuch as we ufe to fet Beans with,which
is a quicker way 5 then with your Spade be fure you
forget not to clole the earth to the roots: {0 let them
reft till they have got fome good fpreading roots.
,Then you may plant them out where they may be graf-
ted, which maybe after two years grOWth. .You will

i find agreat difference between a Tree that is plarfifiefi
a o

‘§‘

" W3 ;"

_r,-. ..L

. 7 , _ _ _ p _. «Ararat-W” WW._ ._

Tbé Ertglzbeaer.” .1377:
fhallow, and hath fpreading routs, and one that
hath atap root , or is planted too deep: the (hal-
low hath ordinarily the belt ground, and the influ-
ence of the Heavens doth operate more fpeedily and
effeéiually, which caufeth Trees to bear fruit befl
and quickefl. And thus you may do with the fuc-
kers of any kind, either of Peares, Plums, Che r-
ries, éc. of which in a little time you may make
a good improvement : After two years growth you
may graft or inocculate many of them in cafe they
thrive well. It will be your bel‘t way to ”let your
{locks for Fears or Apples be pretty lufly before
you graft them, that then they maybe able to {hoot
high enough the firft year fOr their heading height. ,
I have often found it inconvenient to graft flocks,
too weak 5 though I: know fome will graft them I
the fame year they were. planted. Indeed it may
fo chance amongft manyque few may-have fome in-
different fhoots; but I know, had they flayed two
years, they would have been as forward and hand.
{omer Trees. Befidés, there be feveral forts of fruit,
fuch as Pearmains, Winter Qieenings, July-flowers
Apples , 8m that will not makea Tree Worth your v
labour, if the flock be not very lulty before youw
graft them, they do naturally (boot {0 weakly and
crooked . Thus it is with divers forts of-IPears, of '
which the Warden is one of the worn: to. make a
handfome graceful Tree of. Obferve this for cer-
tain, that generally thofe flocks which have been .
raifed from the fione or kernel, have better Roots
than thofe raifed from Suckers, after they have -
been once planted, and the Tap-root cut pretty fhort.
The next thing to be confidered, is the Seafon when .
this work of planting is to be performed, which is
from the end of September to the. end of February, ‘

 

s {71MH‘f1- r ~Pr"'.'»‘"‘- 7-3, ?." “my wh"5"31“5\“figaf's'“”a miwli'“ .-' y
i ( ‘ . s l' ' ‘
Q , ,. a.
a v
. -. .
, , . .

i or a little later-5 if. occalion require: But ifthetfea-
{on be very dry, or the fap very high, as itis {om-
timesat that time of the year, in many forts of
Rocks and trees that are very thriving, flay tillthe
ground be well moifiened, and then your flocks
will rife with lefs labour and better roots, not be-
ing fo apt to break : or you may [lay till the fap -
be" a little more hardned .1 but if not, I know no
inconvenience in it, being you are to cut off the
greatefl part .of your flock. You may know your
flocks or trees have done growing for that feafon,
if your flock appear blunt, or only having a bud at
the tops but on the contrary, if there be very {mall
and frelh Leaves, then the tree is yet growing. In ,
taking the head of the feafon to plant your trees,
they will have taken new root, before the ground
be much chilled or cooled with wet and cold wea-
ther, and thereby will take root the fooner, and to
the trees will be the-better prepared to {hoot with
the firfl, which is oft-times as good as a year faved,
they being free from mifcarria'ge in cafe of a very
dry Spring, which many times defiroyes {uch trees
as are late planted. Take notice that Snow is as
great an enemy to trees as any thing ( in cafe it
lye long on the roots when they are taken up )
Alfo drying Winds are very bad.

Tbefe

 

" ¥ ' The Englzfl) Gardneid W9

Thefe things following are apt to grow of Cutting!
or Slips. _ . .
A

s o

Codlixgr, Gopfluriet,
(hailing, C array”,
Brets, ' l ‘ ngg,’
Some lbttsofswen- l Vznex,

“3’: ' Tammi/K ,
Genet—M01181, l Kofiu in fome Grounds,
96% im“: Hone} ware/{lea

‘ By laying almofi any fort of Trees or Shrubs will
grow, if a litle lncifion be made, as, I (hall mention af-
terward.

As
Mullmriu, \ . Liwedreer,
Carnelian: , fometnres Gilder-Rofi:,&c.
of. Slips, ] Rafe: of all-forts.

The {eafon'for fetting of the Cutting of Trees to
grow, is the fame with planting of Fruit-trees; From
the fall of the leaf, to the end ofFelaruarj.
, The {eafon to inereafe Trees, and by laying, is, any
time either Spring, Summer, or Winter; But by laying

in the Spring or Summer,they may be fit to take off,
and plant the Winter following.

of (be Order and Manner of Grafliug , and fir}? offbe-
new’flar} Tool: for that purpofe.

THat you may proceed orderly, you are to furnilh
your {elf with a fine {mall Saw. that is Well let and
(harp, alfoa good fl'ro'ng Pruning Knife, being made a
very little coming, which will be very ready to cut of
Heads of your Stocks whichcyou intend to Graft ,

l

 

   
 
  

if they-'be’not too big, but {ome ufe a kind \of draw;

“ jing‘Knife for thatpurpofe, and is a little quicker than

3“Saws alfo a good ordinary midling Knife to cleave
your Stocks, as alfo to cut your Cyons if it ,be very

good, or elfe another only for that purpofe which
mufibe kept very fharp,theref0re you are to have a

Whenfione to quicken your Knives , as occalion re- '

quires, alfo a Stick ofa foot or nine inches long made
of a piece of an old Spade or Shovel-handle, or fome o-
ther hard Wood to ufe in the [lead ofa Mallet to drive
your Knife 'when you cleave your Stock , it is more
convenient and handfome for the purpofe , as alfo an
Iron Tool about an handful in length or little more,
made turning at each end about an inch and a half, if
it be fieel’d at either end it will be the better, and not
fo a tto bend when you hold open a {irong Stock,
tho}; ends are to be made flat 3 littlelike a Chyfil, but
not above half an inch broad at mofi , only pretty
firong, if you will one end may be pretty {mall for
fmaller Stocks, the other bigger , and the ufe of it is
to hold open your Stock till you have fet your Graft
or Cyon in its.place5 the {hape of this and the other
tools areprevented to your view.Alfoin cafe you have
any firong or fiubborn Stocks that are apt to pinch/
your Cyon too hard 0 you are to have fome {mall
Chips, or Sticks cut Wedge falbion to keep your flock
from pinching your Graft too hard. Alfo you are to

prepare a quantity of Clay or Loame, which ought to '-

be very well tempered, either with pretty flore of Bay
or Stable-litter chopt fmall,ilit be not very well tem-
pered and wrought together, it will be apt to fall

from your Graft in cafe of much wet, or chop or ’

cleave; in cafe of dry Weather.

The, next thing you are to take notice of is, What ;
. Stocks -. ,

 

-".'. d. 3‘11.

 

  

flocks are fitteft fur each fort or kind of Fruit to'he graf.‘
ted upon; Know therefore that the Crab or Wilding.
flocks are the fittefl: and beft to graft any fort of Pip-
pins orApples upon, although fome are (if another
judgment, and think that thofe flocks that are raifed
of the Kernels of good Apples are better 5 But I have
had caufe to judge otherwife , although as I faid for~
merly,fome forts ofthem willwill grow more free or
gole, and be fit for ufe fooner: But the Stocks of fome
forts of Sweetings are very bad, becaufe they never
make a confiderable Tree for flature, are exceeding
apt to fend forth fuckers from the Root.Likewife the
Stock of wild Pears either of Kernels, or Suckers is the
befi to graft any fort of Pears upon or Medlars, the
white Bulb is likewife good to graft Medlars Upon and
fometimes Pears, but if they be not grafted very near '
' the ground, the Graft will outgrow the Stock and
make a very unhandfome Trees Pears are alfo graft~
ed upon (luince Stocks, and are good for fuch Trees
as are to be planted againfl a Wall, becaufe they do
not ufually make f0 great a Tree as the Pear-flock,
Medlars may likewife be budded or grafted upon
the Quince-{lock 5 but to graft Pears upon Apples or
Apples upon Pears,lconld never find it worth my la-_
bout: Alfo the wild black or Honey Cherrlezocks
arebeft to Graft or lnoculate any kind of Cherry‘upon,
whether they be of Suckers or form of the Cherry
(lones: Alfo the ordinary wild Engli/ls Cherry~ffbcks
are good to graft any fort ofgood Cherry upon, but
they are belt for Wall or Dwarf Trees, and molt fit for
fome forts of great leaf’d Cherries which are apt to
run much to Wood and bear but little, their greatefl:
fault is to abound with Suckers. Alfo Plumftocks
‘ ofdivers forts,efpecially the White, Black, and Red
Pear-plum, alfo the Red Damfceng with feveral 0*
C 2 t. e

 
   

. 12 The 'Englzfl: Gardnen‘
ther forts are fit [locks for any fort-of Aprecocks, Pea-
ches, Ncé’rorins, or for any fort of good Plum, alfo the
Stocks railed from the Stones or Kernels of Peaches or

efiorins'are very good to bud any forts of Peaches
or Nefiorins on,they will'likewife bear Fruit of them~
felves according to their kind they came of}; al-
though {ome Will vary [omething, as indeed it is ufual
in all forts of Fruits, of which there are divers kinds,
_ to bring variety from their Stones or Kernels, being
fer, although fome kinds of Airs and Grounds are
more apt to produce variety than others, as appears
by the many new forts, efpecially of Peaches, Nefio-
rins and" Pears that are brought us from Forrain parts,
chiefly from France. Plums grafted on Cherries, or
Cherries on Plums will not agreq. I confefs l have had
them take well and thrive for one year, and then die.
50 they that defire praftice for Recreation, may inocu-
late one {ors ofCorrant upon another, and have both
Red and White upon the fame Tree; 80 likewife
Goofberries,fl7ilbirds , or the great fort of Nut upon
the common Hazel, 8(cr asI have made trial.

Being furnifhed with Tools, 8m. you are to cur fueh
Cyons as are {uitable for your Stock, not too fmall or
weak, neither very big , alfo fuch as are of the lat}
lhoots, fee that they h§ve Buds, for fome {bouts which
grow within the Tree immediately from the Body, may
be ofa fit Scantling for your urpofe, and yet have no
Buds,o‘r atleaft fo {mall and ackward, that they will
do you-nofervice : Some in cutting their Cyuns do,
take an inch or two of the Old or former years Wood,
but for my part1 never doit, but when i cannot { peed ,
or furniih my felt otherwife,and in fuch a cafe 1 have
made ufe of fuch as have been part of three Ytafs
fllout. Then you may proceed as followethg Fin},

with;

a
-
anu—m-hmmfismm.“ .mw‘ ‘ . «er.

The Englzjl: Gardner. ‘ - 1.3,
with your flrongefi Knife or Saw cut off the head of
your Stock at a fit heighth where you would have your
Tree to head, orwhich is better, within half a foot
or lefs ofthe ground, if your Stock be not too big,
and then pare the top of the Stock fmooth, and if you
put but one Gyon in,which ufually is the bell: way ,
then you are to cut offa piece with a flope cut about
an inch and half deep on the worft fide of your Stock,
putting your Graft 0n the fmoothefi and firaightefl:
tide, in cutting-your Stock thus,it will cover over the
fooner, then take your Cyon which ought to be as the
laft (bout, it matters not for a joynt of the former
years growth,unlefs it be too lhort, for the flraighter
and fmoother your cutting is,the more exafi it may fit
it to your Stock,efpecially if your Stock be young and
have athin Sap: (I do not deny but Grafting at a
Joynt (as it is commonly call’d) may doe well if‘ the
Stock have a thick Sap , as Commonly all your Wood
Stocks have 5 then with your Knife being very (harp,
cut your Cyon or Graft with at Hope out about an
inch and a half more or lefs, according to the iirength
of your Stock and Grafts Firfl‘, on the one fide, and
then on the other, making it for {hape like a Wedge ,
very fmooth and even, that it may joyn clofe all along,
only that fide of your cutting that is to Hand outmofl:
in your Stock , mufl be left a little thicker than
the other, otherwife your Graft cannot joyn {0 ex-
aétly with the Sap as it ought, if your Cuttings be
long, you may make two or three Cyons,of one lea-
ving,four or five buds to a Cyon,then take your Knife
and place it even on the middle of the head of the
Stock, and with your flick before mentioned; in the
Read ofa Mallet drive your Knife :1 little way into
your Stock, then raife your hand, and fink the point of
your Knife Hoping on tlg edge or bark of your Stoclq

3 or

\

.' ,7 ’ i 1‘ 3 ' W 7' , N" ‘ “yam“, " i 1‘." ‘ "3 -. '- . ”1- . I, . x .
‘ _ 3 - ( ' , , -= ., A , . . 5w.” ;« _.. -;
~ » q 'l ~ , - e n , .ar - «a r -.
' .l _ . i\ t "y, -. x j-t 3 Nat. -‘
/

or fide-wayes cleave your Stock of {uch a depth only, ,
as you make way for your Graft or a very little ,
more; by thisOrder your Stockwill be cleft more
fmooth, and handfome, and even, and not cleave crofs
.nor ragged, as fometimes finall Stocks are apt to do,

and then your Inflrument or, Grafting Chizel being

driven into the cleft of your Stock a little way, you .
may holdthe cleft open. until you have placed your
Graft,the which mufi be {et exaé‘nly Sap to Sap , and if
your Stock be young, and hath a very thin Sap, then
there is required more exafinefs and circumfpeéiion
in every parrot the works Ifyour Stock have a thick

, Sap, you may place your Graft a little more in , yet f0

that the edge of your Graft may be even with the Sap

which is the mainin the bufinefss having placed your
Graft, you are gently to take away, or Knock out your
Grafting Chizel without mifplacing your Graft, and
then with a handful either more or lefs of your tem-x
pered Clayas the fize of the Stock requires 3 lay upon
the head of your Stock about an inch above, and fame-

thing loWer than the cleft ofyour flock went , fmooth
your Clay, round and handfome that it may flick on
and keep out both Wet and Wind. 1 have known -
when Clay hath not been well tempered, a hafiy {hower
hath walht all offagain within a day or two, much to
the prejudice ofthe Grafts: If you put two Grafts in a .
Stock, you mufl cleave both [ides of your flock fmooth -
by raifing and linking your hand, whereby you may

' cut the Bark {mooth as you go, alfo if your flocks are ’

as big as a mans Wxifi, you are to cleave your [lock

If, g twice, not crofs, but both over-
wwggfwgfl 5:58:23; twart,&put in four G‘rafts or Cy- ,
wedgc'ofwoodto kcepit ODS, bl" If your ROCK be t00blg ‘
{gmhpiféchifis Your Crop to cleave,then you may graft them
m? 3‘ "‘h‘mmy {9°11 in'the Sap as {hall be thWed. 3f- -‘
- . terwards.

‘ " The Englifla Gardner. '15.:
terwards. Some do cut their Cyons with fhoulders,
the which lfeldom do, unlefs‘my Graft be tbo big for
my flock, but being done handfome,~it may occafion
the covering of the Frock the (boner. Yet the former
way will do well enough, and cover the fooner , if the
contrary fide of your flock be taken off with a good
flope cut; Tahe notice that your Cyons of Plums and
Cherries mufl not be cut {0 thin as Pears and Apples
may, efpecially your great leaved Cherries , as Harts,
Sac. becaufe ofthe great Pith they have; the truth
is, Budding, or Inoculating, and Whip Grafting is furefl:
and befi for allchoice forts of Cherries. The feafon
for" this work of Grafting is from jammy to the end of
(March: Sometimesl have grafted both fooner and
later,even in Mar] , but you muff take notice my
Cuttings hath been cut betimes, and
buried all over in‘ the Ground to c‘gllercat leavcd Gher.
keep them backwardptherwife your $2336??? [8:350
labour will Come to nothings Re- atlcall ‘ y
member that all early Blooming fruit
ought to be Grafted a moneth before Apples at the
leafi.

Another. manner of Grafting 0:1le Whip-grafting a:
follomtb to be praaifed ml) uponfm-all Star/g.

YOu are to be provided offuch Grafts orCyons as are
pretty gole and [freight ofa {uitable growrh 8t rubs
fiance with your flocks, at leafl with the place where-
about you would graft them, then make choyce of a
(freight place on your flock, and cut off the head of it,
(at fucha heighth and place as you can anfwer with
your Cyon _) with 2 Hope eut about an inch and a half
in length more or leis as occafion requires, then take
your Gina and cut it with the like {loge cut on tgdt

‘ e.

 
 

:66 L T66 Engl’fl’Garcl'nfi'

fide as will belt anfwer your flock, and of the fame ,
1 length, that it may anfwer as exaéily, if pOflibIe, as if
it had been cut offfromthe fame place A

before, {0 as to anfwer fap to fap, with- * Thcclgngtlil’ 2"
out which you can ex e6} no fuccefs : ’0‘“ 9

"‘ Some after they have? fitted {lock and chilling!“ 0th“
Graft, doe give both flock and Craft 3 6
little notch or {lit to make them to [lick or hang to-
gether Whilft they prepare their bafs , and then wind
their bafs about it to keep them both even, and clofe
Putting fome Clay about it, and {0 let it reft until it be
Wellclofed, but it may be performed fufliciently with. ‘
out the notches, 381 have often done, and then about
Midfummer or fooner, as you may know by their thri-
ving you mull untie them,otherwife it Will gird them
{0 that the Wind will be apt to break them off when _
‘ the top groweth any thing big; It is a good Way‘if you
find they have been pent or girt over much to tie them
again for a little time, otherwife they may be apt to
crack where they were joyned, by reafon of their fud-
den liberty after their being f0 hard pent, which {Ome-
times makes a faults The feafon is the fame with o-
.ther Grafting, according to the kinds ofFruits.

Amt/yer may of Grafting a little difereutfrov; the for-
mer,arzd it for fmalljlaekglmtyet afa litle bigger
fize than thefermer.

Flrl’r, Cutoffthe top ofyour {lock even at the top, at
what ht-ighth you pleafe, then make thofe of your
Graft not very final), and cut one fide Only of it with
a flape cut as in the former Way of Grafting, about an
inch or more, aethe {irength of your Graft will bear,
if you Will you may give it a crofs cut like a Clioulder,
only tlifi'lepth ofthe bark or flip, very littlemore, that

a It

Wwfl-figagwtjwm: ”1“”??? --.

sitmayalittle refi on the top of the flock, and be care- '

ful to cut your Graft very fmooth, that it may fit and
joyn exactly on your flock; then make choice-of that

fide of your Rock that will fute heft with your Graft fort

flraitnefs , then lay the cut part of your Graft againfl:
that part of your flock where you defire or intend to
joyn it, and meafure the length of it, and with a {harp

. knife cut or {lice off f0 much of the bark only, as the -

§’b'redth and length of the cut of your Cyon or Graft
icon‘tains, andthen place it {o exactly, as if it had been
rent from the fame place 5 then bind them together with

lfome Bafs, and Clay it as youdo other Grafts, letting it _

z reft until it be well taken, and then you may name it, tor
? the fame reafon with the former.

 

sweat/m manner of Grafting to he performed only upmfucb
Trees, which for the mafl part are too éig to dew; and
~ graft in the Cleft. ‘

‘ He way of it is, firft to cut off the Head of your
Tree you would Graft at a convenient height for
heading, not very low, if it exceed the thicknefs of a
mans arm, then pare the top ofit fmooth ; then prepare
,your Grafts, cutting them only on one fide with a
,flope cut about an inch or more in length, and then ta-
:king of a little of the Bark, only on the Other fide, and if
,your Grafts are any thing gole or thick, you may cut
them with a fhoulder on that Me which is to be placed
me’xtthe -Wood, which is that fide that was cut molt,
rand then,witha wedg of iron,or of hardwood made of
the fhape ofyour Grafts that are to be {et on‘ your Tree,
tor rather an Inflrument of the fhape, expreil'e‘d in the
{fore-going Plate, the turning end of it which is to make
may for your Graft to be made and fafhioned after the
t ‘ ‘ D . orm

—

, “iii; ‘:
i- 1,, vs

{‘3 :1 . ‘ 23‘ t f
: form of your Gra

litument between the Wood and the Bark of fuch a1

 
   

go next the Wood flat,,being the fore-part of—it,_ the .‘
Other a very little round, rather inclining-to flat, , let it ,
want fomething of a quarter of an. inch in thicknefs, in.
the thic‘keli or upper part, except you make it a pretty.
deal longer than you need, to drive in to make way for
your Cyon: Having your, Cyons ready, you {hall firfl:
with your knife make a little {hallow cut or {mall fcrarch,
that the Bark may the better yield or give way without
breaking. afunder, and then jufi: againfl your Cut on
fcratch on the Bark, you are gently to drive in your In.

depth as may make way for your Graft, then beat out
your Infirument , and thrufi in your Graft as low or __
deep asit is cut, and when you have put in as many:
Grafts as you think convenient, you mufl lay a fufficient'i
quantity of well-tempered Clay, to keep out wind andi
water, raifing your clay high on the top. that the wet do-‘ii
nor get in and fpoil your labour 5 this way of Grafting in?
very apt to take and thrive, but are oft {ubjecPt to be '
broken of’t‘with the wind, chiefly when the Bark is cut:
or broken quite open, which with care may be prevent- ;
ed -, the danger of breaking off with, the wind may be?
prevented by fafining a flick or two to the body of your .
Tree, and then tying your Grafts there to, beginning to
tie them before they have got too great a head , (9%., to.»
have a care of them for the firfl two years after,by which;
time they may be pail that inconvenience; fometimes;
when a flock hath not been very big,I have put two Cy».
ons in the cleft, and two in the fap, and hath been a:
good way botheafie and fure; alittle practice will in»
form your judgment‘more than I‘can well tell how to«
argue fs,both in this 8: other the like praéiices.( The {case
{on is when the lap begins to be a little flirting, the barks;
will give way the 93.5“) Orbs-:1; farms 9f grafting there"
‘ a ‘ “ " are;
i

 

. «if? 'TbeEngIrflo‘ 9217516555: ' i 'i ‘ i5 2
‘a’reufed, which! forbear to relate; there being both
eafte and fuificrent, only one form more I had almofi for-
got, which is ufeful for feveral forts of fruits, and choice
Flowering Trees or ihrttbs‘: And is asfolloweth.

 

 

 

 

dmtblr manner 01* my of firming :4]! ’4 Marching.

Aving a fort of Fruit or other choice Tree; or:
flowering ihrub that is tender or hard to propa-
gate by the more , ordinary ways (otherwife it is not:
worth the trouble) and there be flocks of a futable na-
ture growing near accidentally,or planted purpofeiy a-
bout it, your flocks being of a {uflicient fize and
gromh for the purpofe, make choice of a convenient
' anch either of the lafi years, or two years growth; as
alfo of fuch a height on your flock, as may be bell;
both for the fize of your Tree, and the convenient joyn- g
ing ofboth Rock and branch, then cut oh the Head of
your flock, and on the moi! convenientefl {ide for your
purpofe, cut a notch juft againit the middle'of the head
about an inch or two in length, from the head down-
ward, and the depth as the thicknefs of your Cyon will
neceifarily require, or in the Read of cutting a north, you
may cleave your Rock, chiefly on the fide where your
branch is to be fixt or placed 5 but firfi, you are to pre-
pare your Graft by cutting it in fuch a form as may fit
either the notch or cleft,not cutting your branch offiyou
may cut it either with {boulders or without, leaving that
fide thicken, that is to fland outmofl on your Rock, and
then fix it exaétly fap to fap, as in other Graftings,with-
out which no Graft can take, then tie it with fome Bafs
that it may nor flart or flip out of its place, and then with
Welltemper’d morter or wax wrap it well, that no wind
or rain get in to fpoil your Graft. « \
‘ I H D 2 AflOf

   

v. V . ,,, ‘ ,.. km, 1 “A .
» “.: Kw .-*=‘I‘.»[ I x r ‘ ' " -‘v 'f“ ‘. ii.
”. , r _. “x... .J A x) r,‘ j _ 3‘ my. ‘r
A w .

“ti-

 

Another way or this he
fleadof either notchiug or cleaving your fleck, {lice or ‘

‘ -, . ‘ are off a piece of the barkgand a little of the Wood .on. ‘V
, yonthatfide whiCh is belt for your purpofe, about an

inch or more, and then cut off only {0 muchoi the bark 1
from the convenient fide of your flock, as the cut on
your branch will exaé’cly fit, neither wider nor narrower, 1
bUt as exact as ifit had been cut from the fame place; if 1
you will, you may. let them into another with a flit on _‘
, the flock, and Graftas in Whip.grafting, and then tie,
them clofe together, and either wax or clay it as afore: Q

“ faid, and fo letitrefi untilit be well taken, and (hoot;
pretty well, and then, untie your Graft, leal’t it flaould '

\ gird and occafion it to break off with the wind, you may

if you will tie it again gently, and clay it if you wills, and ~

(0 letitrefl untilit hath had the years (boot, and. then:

you may cut off the branch clofe at the lower end', and ‘
bellow your Tree as you pleafe 5. and by this means you

may have abearing Tree the fame year of its Grafting; g

The feafon is thel‘ame with other Graftings,as the kind”

of Fruit is earlier or later. ‘

 

~

 

Aimbcr may of Propagating, or inacafing of Frbit-trees.

{ 1 Lthough this isno kind, of Grafting, yet by the,
i» ' V . practice of it good forts of Fruits may be increao
led , and to that end, having a Fruit-tree you defire to
iiicreaie more o£ thekind, about Midfummrr, {ometimes
a little fooner, as alfolater,_while£t the fap isvery high,
' which in Iome Trees or Fruit is earlier, in fome later;-
I make choice of. a convenient branch or {boot of an in;
\ difl‘erentfize, not very big, and alittle above the Place
fimm whence it {pringeth,, or where. you. fee molt tong
venieut, apply a pretty quantity of wellftempereg 31101.11

   
 
  

 

 

  
 

 

   

3,». g ; ~95; ‘ r“§u§ ”lyi‘u J~ :j~ u ” " ‘
“777» A I _ 5‘1"" » _‘.4Wefl€f. . ' 'f’ i
as} found about, and make (Such provifion with convea‘
nient tying, that the morter do not fall off either by the
‘wafhing oi the Ram or orherwrfe; and fo form- your clay
on the top ofit,‘that ,it may a little receive and retain
moiflure in cafe of Rain or otherwife, and then cut the: ~'
barkoi’r~ round about under the place where the clay is, ’
about two orthree inches wide, you may cut the bark.
round in two placesfind peel it off with cafe, and in the
clay or morterit mil either putforthroot ,or prepare
it fo for rooring, that being cut off about the beginning

- ofthe planting feafon it will grow, which fometimes is

very goodvaboutthe end‘of September, (and fometimes

' the beginning of September , tbr many forts of Fruit-

trees) but if the fap be very high , and in a growing
pofiure, as fometimes it is, you may flay longer,
efpecially if it provevery dry weather, you. mufi pro-3
portion your Plant With difcretion, not leaving too
much for your young root to feed, leafi you lofe your
Plant and labour both; and thus any who delights in
thefe kind of exercifes, may increafe good Fruits mtu— 7
rally, if you Plant early, and the ground fomething dry;
it will be the furei’t wayto keep your Plant moii’t at the
roor, efpecially at the firf’t planting. , a ,
Another form of Graftingl (hould have mentioned
befme, but forgot, it is or may be call’d notch Grafting,
itis belt praé‘tifed on (mail flocks; the-manner is, if it be.
very (mall, as about the bignefs of a mans little finger,
Or thereabout, cut of? the top fmooth, and then in the-
{lead ofcleaving your fiock,cut a'deep nomhwith a ve.-,
ry {harp knife about an inch or leis, if the {lock- be very.
fmall,and thencut your Cyon Etfor it, placing it ex»:
3&1}, fap tovfap, if your Cyon doth anfwer the fize of the
flodr, you. may fitit exaélly on both fides, if not, you:
may Hope all the contrary Me of your fiOCk-;;31{O’i£-
your .itock, have fubltance enough ,, you need norcut:
‘ 120“?

 
 

  
   

1 your notch quite through on
your Gyon with {boulders or without, as you. like belt; ‘ 3

  
    
   

  

4’4

 

~Eng .

~ t ~ a,

ihoulders may {eem to cover the head {ooneflg after you
have plae’d your Cyon,you are to-t-ie it with a little bafs,
and then cover it with well-temper’d clay or wax , as in
ether Graftings, not fogetting to untie your bafs when
it begins to thrive well. \

I of the my 43d manner of Immiating.

' He which is the taking off abud from one Tree;
and putting it between the bark and the Wood of
another Tree or Rock, the end isthe fame with Other

wayes of Grafting, and moreover by this way, divers -

forts of Fruit which are not apt to take or grow by org
dinary ways of Grafting, are by this eaiily encreafed ;
and therefore to this purpofe, you are to be provided of
a good {harp knife, fomething bigger than an ordinary
Pen-knife, being made flat at the end of the hair like a
{mall wedge about an inch inlength or little more, and
abouthali an inch in breadth or lefs, made thin and ta-
;pcr, with an edge as it were at the :end ; the ufe of it is
to open and raife the bark of your flock within,in which
you are to put your bud ; alio fome Quills,iome bigger,
and fome leis, curvafter the faihion of. a Gouge, as it is
exprefl‘ed in the firfl Plate,or elfe fome tools made of
the fame {hape of three or four fizes, fome bigger, (om:
leis,made of Steel very thin and ihallow, from the fize of
a good Goofe-quill, to the fize of a Crows-quill,which

‘ may pretty well fit with the {everal fizes of {boots you

may have occafion to make ufe of in your pradtice : yet I
am not ignorant that there be divers who ufe this Art,and
do tie. neither Quills , nor any flat end as is mentioned
atthe knifes haft end, but only a ibort {harp knife With

' a

both fides‘; yet may in

  

_ ti.

 

    

,3 are” a s t, ‘ _ ; - A, 1' =51”
:‘1 3“?" "41,4; “’3 -; ’ fifi §4rfinert ‘ ’2‘;

a flop: point to open the bark, their manner “hall, men-
- tion anon; the feafon for inoculating, is from the begin~
ning of finer, to the end of $141}, fometimes a little foo-
ner upon fome occafions, but very often for Rofes and
natural Peach-flocks, (7;; till Stftt'mécr 5 however it is-
the free running of the [up that is the fore Rule to go by, ‘
as alfothe flrength or fitnefs of the. bud, which-'- fome-
times is not of [efficient growth, when notwithflanding
the (locks will rife well enough: Being provided with-
tools,flocks and fruit of a {arable nature,to take up your-
Rocks, and the {eafon fitting, you are to make choice of
[rich (boots as are of the fame years growth, whole buds
are pretty forward, eafily dilcerned behind the leaf (0-
therwife you may lofe your labour, although the {hield
or Scutcheon do take) then cut off the leaf, leaving only
the (talk, or but little of the leaf, leafi it ihould be trouo
blefome 5 but it is no ways ufeful as to the growing of
your bud, the (talk may be a little ufeful to hold by, but
may be fpared without prejudice 5 fome do approve
~ only of thofe buds that have one fingle leaf only, but
for my part, I ufually make ufe of more with two or
three leaves aswell as of any Other, if the bud be not too
forward, only I do refufe a few‘of the low-er— m oi‘t buds,
which olt are bloifom buds,(except in young trees that
are nor bearing) then go to your {lock and prune only ‘
[0 much as may make way to do your work in the mofl:
convenient place of it, (much pruning dorh oft occafiOn:
- your bud to fpring the fame Summer, which is'not con-
tenient, it olt dorh blafi'in the Winter, at the beitit.
d0th not make {0 faira fhoor as thofe that fpring the
next feafon) then begin at the loweit or biggefl end of
your branch or cutting, and cut the bark—only with a-
crofs cut about half an inch below the bud you intend to
ule more or leis, as your branch is in firength, and then,
with your knife cut off your bad with the bark, and a lit-
' ' tle:

   

,_ . ‘ "' ,.,s‘t‘"?‘»'t"si ‘
24m

, there be no hole in the infide ofyour fliield

. Ludflhe Lhape of thofe Cuts will be like

‘ 'eareful alter you have made entrance between the
., ,gthat you beat up your hand or tool towards the ba
.. as not to tub or gall the fap next the wood, which

  

               

   

'7" ' '57, t '1‘». W — TV ,1 a" ,
I . 4‘ . f , . I r “r
.. E2 ‘ 1 1.1“”,I/g if H 51- ' I .fé’b j ,1

tle wood,ras much above yOur bu ‘ . p .
under it, beginning your cut above, your bud, and then
the form. of it will be like a Scuteheon or {hiel‘d turned
u/pfide downward, then take your fliield or bud between
your thumb and fore-”finger of your left hand, with
the. bud 7' next your fore-finger, the wood neg;

your-thumb, your finger clofe under the flalk or bud, , '

then with your Quill or Gouge lhaped as aforefaid; and
as it is here exprefled in the firfl Plate, thrufl it between
the wood and the bark, taking the bud and bark clean
from the wood, which is of, no further ufe, and be fare
. , Cfpecidlly
againft the bud, if there be, your fhteld is of no nfe, the
principal for growing being wanting; and therefore to
fleight that and take another,obferving the former rules,

and then make choice of a fmooth place on your flock at '
[{uch a height as is molt fit for your purpofe, whether for

wall or fiandard, and then with your knife make mos,
set-thwart cut on your flock the depth ofthe bark only,
and then from the middle of that over-thwart but- up-
ward, make anorher cutof the length of your fltield or
Scutcheon, the depth of the bark onlys'fometimes the
cutting into the wood occafions it to gum and {poil your
a R0-
man ‘1‘ turned up-fide down,and then with the flat
end of your knife haft made for the purpole,thrufiig
between the Cut, and raile the bark on each fide ft)
wide as for the thield or bud to lie flat and plain, and be

bark,
rk, {o
fhould
take with your bud, then hold open the bark at the low-
}ervcnd , anJ put in the taper or picket end of your bud,
and drawit jult even with theover-thwart cut,either by

the {talk‘which it will eafily do,or with’the brand Of your 7
' , l‘ knife

,, “53“?! (3* \> /
dafidfibécrol’s Gateway

I

 

Wi- a '3. ~ , ....‘ . K ... .
71:33:2ng (inflame. 2:;

Eknife 'thrufl it into its place, and then having‘fome bars
(which is the belt and teadiefl: of any, other "nit:
~of ties) wind it all over except the ,,
very bad pretty clol'e and tite , begin. 3’; fflmgfi
ning at the lower end , that neither wcllpmqin‘ , '
wind or rain get in to deflroy your la- -
hours, and then tie it fafl, and {0 let it rel! for a fort? ‘
night or there abouts,or which is the furefl way, until
you difcern your bafs or ties begin to gird, but know
that you may fpoil your bud as wellby letting it be ty’d
too long, as by untying too {con 5 but for the mof’t part
afortnight is fufficient,fometimes again three weeks is
little enough, alittle obl'ervation will put you our of
doubt, but for fuch flock or trees as are great and quick
growers, as natural Peaches and Rofes and the like, they
mull nor be too long ty’d, leaft they gird and break off
at the buding place with wind, which is ufual: they that
~defire to be very curious, and have but few to mind, may
untie at a fortnight or ten days end, and gently tie their
buds again.

There are Other forms of doing this work, which are as
followeth .- having made choice of a good fhoor or cut-
ting of the fame years rOWth as aforeiaid, cut oflt the
leaves, leaving only the ort'iialksghen beginning at the
lower end of your ihoot,alittle above the Eye or bu
make an over-thwart Cut quite round, and then cut the
bark on each fide of the bud from the over- thwart cut
above downward an inch in length or thereabout , and
then {loping each fide towards the lower end, that it ap-
;;pear as the former turned upfide down, then pull 03‘ the
loofe or fuperfluous bark on the back-fide,& lower end,
then holding your cutting in your left hand, your thumb
being againit the bud lefl it {nould {lip off, and then
with the flat end of year naftraife the bark on
earh {id‘s ofyc'zr ,: “germ, and than witha Quill or

" bud-

      

b udingv‘ Gouge mentioned before; take you'r'fhiel’dj ar.:--- -‘
Sc-utcheon ofi,keeping the thumb ofyour left hand pretty ‘
hard againfl the bud, leaftit lhould flip OE, .and leave the
fubllance of the bud behind ; but for my part,when I did
ufe this fafhion oi budding,ldid ufe no (hull, but after
the bark was railed oneach fide of my bud as aforefaid,
. I‘did flip off my bud or Scurcheon with the thumb and ,
lore-finger ol the right hand, bearing the fore-finger-
of my left hand hard againll on the contrary fide, and f9.
forced it_off.fide-ways, and a little downward withall,and
then cut your [lock with an over-thwart cuton a clear '
place as aforefaid, and another from the middle of that
downward, and then the “rape of thofe CUES on the bark;
will be of the falhion of a Roman T then with the
flit end of your halt taifethe bark on each fide,
beginning‘atthe-wp {0 wide, as that your bud may lie
flat or plain, put it in and tieitpretty clofe and tin: as
was formerly laid; this way Infed divers yearswith (tic.
chefs, .

, "nother form of‘ budding is this, having your branch
and buds ready as inthe former ways, cut the barkwith
an over-thwart cut quite round both above and below
your budyou would take off, then cut the bark on, each
fide your bud witha down right cut- from the upper;
thwart cut tothe lower, then pull off the back part of
the bark behind your bud, and lay it ona clear place on;
your Rock, where you would have your bud grow, and.
then with your knife cut. the bark ofl your (lock with two
oventhwart cuts,jufl of the fame length with your piece
of bark, and then give antither cut on the bark or your

‘ , flock down right from the upper over-thwart cut to the

' nether-moi}, and then open .theibatlt of your flock on ,
each fide ; then raife the barkron each Me of your bud,
and force it off inthatmanner, as was mentioned in the
formersway ofbuddingfind then your bud or lhield will
[£2 -

 

’ - i V Therfingh/fi gardener. 27“ ‘
refemble the-lair form, but the Cuts on your {lock this
form then put‘in your bud and it will exaé‘tly fit,then~
tie it up as aforeaid.

Anorher way or form which is ufed by (ome, they cut
the form of their Scutcheon with {ome wood, as in the
firil manner or form of inoculating ‘is mentioned, and
then with a nimble flit which is eafie enough, tear off the
Scutcheon or bud from the wood, and then make ready
your flock after any of the former ways to put in your
bud either upwards or downward ,divers that ufe thisway
have only a {hort good‘cuting‘knife with a {lope point,

, with which they open the bark of their flock, they that
have not the right Height of taking or fnatching off the
bud, are- very apt to leave the fubflance ol the bud be-
hind ; the truth is, any of thefe forms or falhions will do ~
"very well, neither is there any odds more than that fome
are more eafie or quick, as having fewer circumflances,

What (locks are mofl futable for every fort or kind of
fruit to be budded or Grafted upon,is already mentioned
before. Another thing to be taken notice of is, that {0.
many {locks as are inoculated and hold their buds, you
are to cur off the heads of them about half a f00t aboVe
the bud, any time from the beginning of the Winter fol.
lowing, to the beginning of the Spring, only in cafe you a
have budded any Ne?orins{or cFoice . 1
Peaches, on are to pare ome mall “(in 2“” ’ “me 71
branch oilythe flock to grow up with Siting—$52,223::
your bud, for the firfl year at leafl; gfwclclafilon bud; to ,
yet [0 as to correct it,thatit do not Ma... w‘afd,"‘[§=::§) 1.602; .
as: or {hrve your bud, for there is you {orbcar to head

{ome odds between a Natural and a fifrhg‘gdirdl lg?“

. . . l ( pring, t y

Step-mother 3 this IS chiefly to be done will be more furc.

when you bud Peaches and Neé‘torins

on Plum-flocks, alfo you are diligently to over-look

‘ _ Eran, , your:

:18? ‘ =~TbeEnghflzfgardemn "1
_ your buds in- the fpringing time,lea{t they lhould be de.‘
:firoyed by young Catterpillers , which are ‘apt ”to breed
on your bud, efpecially your A pricocks, and will quick-
.ly defiroy themif not timely prevented, therefore you
are to fearch for them , and where you find the leaves to
» flick together, you may be {are tofind them by gently
opening the young leaves,with a needle or pin p0lnt,(9’t.'
.-Al{o when your buds are {hot out about half a foot or
lefs, you are to tie a piece of bafs about the top of your
“flock, in the mofi convenients place, and then to tie up
your tender (hoot, not only for the more handiome
growing of it, but alfo to prevent its breaking off by the 5
wind or other accidents,not forgetting to prune ofl" fu-
perfluous buds or {boots from your Rocks by degrees,“
your inoculated budsget firength.

 

 

‘ "ffiiEEEnglijb GWenrr.‘ 7 41%

Of the order and manner of plmzrizgg
Tree: at large. _ ,

ND firit I have here propounded to your View,
the manner of planting Orchards, or Other plots,
‘after the handfomeil and orderlieft falhion, by which
you may perceive how convenient it is to obferve good
- order in planting, and how capable the ground is of
being brought into feveral forms, without altering or
hindring the order or beauty of your Plantation. And
therefore if you defire to make your Plantation very
beautiful to the eye, you are before you begin to plant,
to level your ground either into a flat or hanging level,
as the nature or form of your ground requires, or may
molt conveniently be brought to : he way or manner
how to level, is very plainly fet down in that part of the
Book that teacheth the ordering of the Garden of
Pleafure, to whichl referr you for brevities fake. But
if you are not willing to be at that trouble or wit, you ‘
may notwithfianding plant your Trees according to the
order fet down, the conveniences whereof are eafily
difcerned. Then you are to {take out your ground ac-
cording to the order propounded, or any other you like
better; fet your {lakes exaélly both for order and di-
fiance, as you defire to have your Trees grow ; about a
{core of {takes or fewer may be a fufl'icient rule to plant
a great ground by ; if you will you may after you have
fet your flakes, begin and take up a Fake, to plant a
Tree in its place, or you may let them {land as a rule
. untill you have planted every part of your ground he-
{ides3 and plant that hit ; but be fure you do not plant
your Trees too nigh to one another, for by f0 doing,they
rwill in a lhort time hinder one another of convenient
3’ Sun and Air.) whereby your Fruit would be much bet-
F . - ter

 

 

t _ ‘fi i-TbéEnglflfi Garfimmw , W,

 

. ter both for tail: and colour ; l‘ikewife you Would lore "
the benefit of Rofes, Goosberies, and Corans, which _
- might bring much pleafure or profit for‘div'ers years,
as alfo of feveral forts of Herbage, which might be very
ufefull, as Carrets, Onyons, dvc. or ofgrafs, the which
would be much better then when it is too much over-
{hadowed : .Let not your Apple or Pear Trees Rand,
nearer then twenty foot, although the ground be poor,
but in good ground twenty five, thirty, or forty foot
afunder, and in To doing one Tree will be as good as two /
or three ; but if any {hall think this difiance too much,
‘ then they may plant Cherries and Plumb-Trees a-
mongl’c, I mean :1 Cherry or Plumb-Tree between every
four Apple or Pear—Trees, which offome is call’d An—
tick; the form of it is exprelTed in the foregoing Plate.
And if you would have your Trees Rand on borders,
you are to make them before you plant, left your Trees
lhould {land too deep, which in all forts of grounds is
no fmallfault; take notice, that if you obferve this or-
der, your Cherry-Trees will be pail the belt in twenty
years time, or thereabout, which if they be then f’tock’d
up, your Apple-Tree will be in a very handfom poflure, .
"whereby they will thrive and bear the better; if your
ground be very wet, it will be worth your labour to
make fome fufficient Drains to draw the water to fome
Pond or Ditch3 or at leal’t to make your borders where-
on you plant both wider and higher; alfo if your
ground be not good or rich ofit felf, it will be you-r bef’t
courfe to bellow a quantity of good mould to every
Tree, more or leis, as the nature of the ground requires;
for if it be gravelly, hard, or ftony, or the like, you are
to make the holes the wider, and bef’tow the more
mould upon them, for according to the goodnefs ofk
your ground, or coll you bellow, you may expet} your
profit: Take notice that dung is not good to lay nelilrt
t C

y W The? En‘ghjb Gardener. \ . , 4.3 ‘
e the routs or your Trees , except it be converted to
mould, but even then it is hetterbeing mix’d with your
earth then alone. You are alfo to prune both tops and
roots of every Tree you plant, in To doing your Trees
will multiply both branches and roots, which indeed is
the main end of pruning, the negleét whereof doth
,fometimes occalion the lofs of your Trees, or at leai’c of
the not thriving {o well, or fpeedily ; if your Trees be
(mall, and are well rooted. then you may top them the
lcfs, but if of a confiderable iize, take 03‘ the more of
his head, there will be the lefs danger of mifcarriage;
and in planting fpread the roots, and let your Tree
{land as lhallow as you may conveniently, and in cafe
any roots do incline too much downward, then you
may give them a little plafi'i, and lay them [0 as to
fpread near the upper crufi of the ground, which is
ufually the belt, and Trees ( as I {aid formerly) re-
ceive {peedieft vertue and nourilhment both from the
Sun and fliowers, only you are to have a little care of
them the firil year, in cafe of a dry Spring or Summer,
and in fuch a cafe it will be well worth your labour to
lay a little Horfe-litter or the like itufl', round about
your Tree, the compafs of the root, and in fo doing one
watering will be better then two or three without it;
and as for {taking your Trees, 1 would never advife you
to doit, if they will {land firaight and handfom with-
out ito efpecially after the firit year, unlefs ( asI faid),
it be to make a crooked Tree grow firaight, or in cafe
the head he too weighty for the reot, which is afault
and would be mended ; but fee your flakes be firaight,
forI have known handfom Trees fpoiled with crooked
{takes ; alfo be careful] to tye your Tree clofe and tite,
with fome Ofier or Willow twigs, or the like, left by
' being too flack the wind caufe your flake to fret or gall
your Tree, which doth fometimes caufe it to canker in
~ F 2. that

a that place; your belt way is to renew yourtyes twice
in the growing time of the year, if your Tree be in a
thriving condition, lefl your tyes {hould make a fault,
and oceafion your Tree to break off in that place; you
may put a little Hay, or the like, between the flake and
the Tree, before you tye them, there can be no harm
in that. ‘ '

The next thing to be confidered is the feafon when.
this work of planting is to be performed, the which
I have fufliciently {poke to already, in that place Where
prake of. planting out of Young flocks, yet notwith-
fianding I will here repeat it again with alittle addi-
tion: and therefore know, that it is good planting of
all forts of Fruit-bearing Trees, and others, both for
pleafure or profit, whofe leaves fall in the Winter,
from the beginning of Oc‘i‘olzer, (and fometimes fooncr,
as the Year falls out, which any indifferent judgement
may eafily apprehend by the rules before fet down)
to the end of Fez/7min}, and fomething after, efpecially
if fome rules be well taken notice of, which I {hall a
mention anon: but the furefl way is to take the head
of the feafon, for Trees will prepare and put more for
root in a fortnight or three weeks when you plant be,
times, then they will in fix or eight when the ground is
chill’d with wet and cold : and take notice, that you
may'ordinarily begin fooner to plant well grown Trees,
then thofe that are very Young, and in a very thriving
condition, efpecially Young Apple-Trees and Peaches,
whofe frocks were raifed of the Stone or Kirnel, which
will be in a growing pofiure even untill extreme wea-
ther put them to a Rand: and therefore for fuch as
thefe it would not be amifs to Pray a little longer, untill
the fap be fomewhat hardned, except your Tree be of
inch 3 grOWth as you may afford to take oil" a pretty ,
deal of its toP or head, or that the weather be inclined

 

(0'

WWT‘BflgWU Wanner. . ‘ 4“;
to'moii’ture, the which may be a good opportunity.
I~ have fometimes. removed both Vines and other Trees,
in a cafe ofneceflity, at Midfummcr, and with conve-
nient watering and {hadowing for a time, they have
done very well; but this is no fure rule to go by, but
only {how you what I have done, and may be by any in
the like cafe, and fometimes to good purpofe.

And although many of thofe Trees which are remo-
ved very timely, as in the end ofSeptemlrer, and in 067a-
lyer, may fhrink and feem to wither much, yet they
will recover and come to their former plumpnefs, and
do well. as I have oft eXperienced. Remember that it
will be to good purpofe to water all fuch Trees as you
plant either very early or very late, f0 foon as you have
planted them : You may judge when the fap is at a ~
ftand, by obferving what I have writ in that place
which treateth of the planting out of Young flocks, to
which I referr you. Take notice that Pear—Trees have
ordinarily both lefs and more brittle or fpalt roots, then
Apple—Trees, and therefore you muf’c take more pains
in opening the ground deeper and Wider, when you are
to take up any, and not to pull over-hard left you leave
mofl of the root behind ; alfo the roots of fuch Apple-
Trees or frocks as have been raifed of the kirnels of
good Fruit, are likewife more brittle then ofthofe railed
of Crab or Wilding kirnels: Another thing worth ta-
king notice of is, that in cafe you have occafion to plant
an Orchard, or any ranges of Trees near your houfe or
walls, againfl which you have, or intend to plant any
choice Fruit, be fure to plant them at fuch a dil’tance
from your houfe or walls, as that when they are grown
up to any ‘confiderable bignefs, they may not over-hang
your wall ’Trees, or hinder the Sun too much from
coming to them, whereby your Fruit is much better in
every refpeét ; and as for your wall Trees, be furle to

p ant

WW" "" :Tbéi-‘f‘ztrzg'iiJ/i ea

plant your tendereit and choicefi_Fruit,ifuch as 'Apris ‘

  

“*1

 

cocks, Peaches,“Ne€torins, Figgs, choice Vines, and w“

the earlieit and beft forts of Cherries, and Where they
may have half the dayes Sun at leafi, the more the _
better; and as for mOf‘c forts of Plumbs, and great—
bearirig Cherries, lefs Sun will ferve turn, and do well
enough, yea where there is fcarce any for the greatefi‘
part of the year, but yet the more they have the better
taf’ted they will be ; and as for the difiance you are to
obferve between your wall Trees, it is to be more or
leis, according to the height of your wall, or the good-
nefs‘ of your ground, the moi’c ordinary diflance is three
good paces, but where the wall is low, or your ground
good, your beft way is to obfcrve a larger dif’tance,
efpecially for Pears, except they be grafted upon
Quince-flocks, otherwife you cannot keep them in
good order without much cutting, which will increafe
Wood, but little Fruit, efpecially in fuch kinds of
Fruit ; but ofthis more afterward.

One thing more I will adde to thefe Infiruétions,
the which I have often proved, very well worth-my la—
hour; that being refolved to plant either Trees or
Stocks, but by reafon of fome other occalionsI could
not get my ground ready f0 foon asidefired to plant,
the feafon being fully come, I have taken up my Trees
or Stocks, and pruned their roots ready to plant,and
then have laid them in the ground, where they have
remained, at the head of the feafon, a fortnight or three
weeks ; and fometimes when I have not begun fo earlv,
they have layn two months or more, in which time
they have f0 prepared for root, that being after fet in
their due places, they have been as forward as if they
had been fet in their order at the firfi; taking up,
whereby f0 much time hath been faved, and my plants
out of the danger of a dry Spring or Summer; only

, k

ta e _

  

"Hf/ne‘engtye hardener. Q 473

take nOtice, that thofe which you take up very early '
or very late, mufl: nOt lye' fo lone before you plant
them in their due places, as tho e taken up in the
more cold time of the year : beca‘ufe, as I hinted,
they will draw root fooner, and then having (her out

oung root ( which are very tender) before you plant
them, they will be apt to be broken of?) and prove a
great hindrance, yet if they be notmany, or very fer-
ward, the matter is not much.

 

 

of II]: dreflz’ng and keeping your T rec: in good order,
_ and firff If Wall Treat.

Fter your Trees are well fetled in their places, as

alfo for thofe that are well grown, (for indeed

I do not like their way that wholly neglecEt the tacking
up of their Trees the firf’t year, if need require, for they
that do, are oft enforc’d to cut, and alfo to {train their
Trees to bring them clofe and orderly to the wall, after
a years extravagancy3 which at firfi might be prevented
with little labour, and lefs damage) your are to pro-
vide fome nails, fome bigger and fome leis, according
to the goodnefs of your wall, and bignefs of your Trees
you are to drefs, for fome walls will hold a three penny,
or four penny nail, better then fome other will a fix
penny nail; likewife fome branches require a greater,
others a lefs nail, according to the Prubbornnefs, weight,
‘ or plyablenefs thereof; alfo you are to provide Tome
paring; of Hats, or the upper leathers of old Shooes, or
fome parings of leather from the Shooe-makers, which
two lalt are more durable then the former, the which
parings or leathers are to be cut into narrow flips the
breadth of a mans finger, or thereabout, lfome, and then
cut into lhort pieces, about threeinches, fome four, and
fome longer, as the bignefs of the branches may requirp,

,‘ i f’

  

 

  

W,W,.v..r——_ .. .. ~ _ V , _ ‘ _ ,
. ; ‘ ; l. ‘v, E ._ . 2’ 1;“. V I , 132‘“ 1': 2 A' i a, (I, M, -, N. ,,

l , , 2w “ ' V , r r , ' ‘ ‘ .1 A
4 " i A ”g i y ' ' "

{0 as not to gird your brancrhes'too m eh, neither-to let
them have too much liberty, the mean is hell; if you
drive youn nails into one end of your leathers, before
you begin to tack up yOur Tree, I take it to be a ready
way; then you are to fpread every branch in an or-
derly manner, one by one, that your Tree when it is
nail’d up may refemble the form of a Fan, not laying
your branches crofs upon one another, if you love good
order in your work: You may begin either at the top
or bottom, and in cafe your wall be low, you mull
fpread your branches the more in breadth, they will run
too {all upward, leaving no wall-room unfurnilhed, if
you have branches although pretty near the ground,
cutting off none but fuch as {hout fore-right, and will
not come clofe and handfome to the wall, except your
Tree be poor and net thriving, which if it be, it will
be your belt way to take off fome of the branches or-
armes in convenient places, from whence you would
have your Tree to multiply its branches. .

The feafon for this nailing and d'refling, is any time
from the fall of the leaf, untill the riling of the lap, but
for Apricocks, whofe blolTom buds grow very goale
towards [brifimafn it is belt nut to deferr the dreffing
of thempretty timelya otherwife many of their buds
will be apt to be rubb’d oil; yet this I willtellyou, if
your Apricocks are apt to blow too early, and there.
upon apt to mifcarry, then your furefl: way is to defen-
thelcutting and nailing of them up untill they are ready
tdhggffom, but then you mull be more then ordinary
' i “ left you fpoil too many blofloms’ ; by this late
_ ryIJI have had plenty of Fruit, but remember
upon w at account I approve of this backward or late
dreflinggit is no general rule, one inconvenience is in-
cident teiAprieock-Trees that are not timely nailed,
chiefly ingcafe of; much Snow, or extreme Profit, for

I 1:. 1,3,” 7 then

   

 

. tfj

  

hr

  

   

j . {nine fortso Birds are 'a'p to pickon the blofl‘om
‘ buds, and make morewalte having the branches more
5 at liberty, as Ihave often feen; the Bird call-’d T om-tz‘r
is one of the chiefei’c in this mifchief. But befides this
Winter Husbandry, there is a Summers drefling 'of
Wall Trees, found by good experience to be as profi~
table forthe increafe of Fruit as the former,~befides the
I handfomnefs, as alfo for the better ripening or beauti-
: fying of the prefent Fruit, by carefull and difcreet cut-
5 ting of f uch branches as are too much extravagant, and
i hinder convenient Sun from your Fruit, or carefully to
.inail or tack them up where there is convenient room
lfor them to Iye ; alfo the cutting off the tops of fome of
.zthe goaleft or forwardefi: branches3 doth oft occaiion
‘ithem to knit for" Fruit the better, ”if done about LII/[id-
lfummer: YOU may prevent tinneceifary branches, by
drubbing or cutting oFffuch buds as come forth where
:the re is not convenient room for them to be laidJ and
:may prove a very good piece of Husbandry hit the cu-
rrious, to buiie themfelv'es about in the growing time of
6 year, and will prevent much pruning, which is very
good in divers Fruits = but remember, as I hinted before,
'lthat this Summers drefiing muf’t be done with a great
Heal of care and circumfpeition, leftyou {bould {bake
your Fruit down : where this Summers drefling is ufed,
there is no need of plucking the leaves to make Fruit
itipen or colour, but if it do feem needfull, let your Fruit
have its full grOWth firfi, left you fpoil it. Alfo in:
our Trees be over-charged with Fruit, as fomet‘ ' ;
{hey be, which occafioneth your Fruit w - ’
good relilh, befides the file they ufe to . '
h cafe it will be good Husbandry to
33f the fmalleit or undenFruit, ' ,, '
may bring the ref: to better perfe‘ .,
.or be done untill the danger n
G A

      
  

  

6

    
   
   

r

revere? r“?

Wetter W4 we

    
  
  
 
  
 
  

 

     

‘ y‘a'n 'j fir", ~ 5* ",'.HJ ‘nvf‘a,
'2 (17‘8"9 ' '

 

Way’siFroPty mornings be 'pafislneither deferr it rod”

on - -

Tghe next thing to be-confidered is, that in cafe you-r
Trees do not thrive,either through the barrennefs of the
foyl being tOO dry, wet, or cold, (3%. you are to endea—
vour to amend thofe defeéts as followeth : If your
ground be too dry, ( which caufeth Fruit to flarve and
fometimes fall of? ) gravelly or fiony, you are to Open
the ground fome reafonable compafs about your Tree,‘
and if your Tree be old, and of long (landing, you are
to open it at a farther dif’tance‘ that you may befiow
your cofi molt where the moft and youngefi roots or
feeders are, from whence your Tree receives its princi-
pal nourilhment; and not only clofe to the body of
your Tree, as is ufually prafiifed to little or no purpofe,

 

.ada- : .k .,

in Trees that are well grown, and fetch th‘eir nourii‘n- .

ment at a greater diflance: and having opened the

ground, you are to cut the ends of‘ all fu-ch roots as you 7

meet with, and then to put in fome good earth, either
of good {hort lome, or otherhearty earth, to and a-
mongft the roots, {preading them and inclining them
rather {hallow then deep : and in cafe you ufe dung,
“° your belt way is not to lay it very deep, neither next the
roots of your Trees, but put Tome earth between the;
roots and your dung, Whether you lay your dung above
or beneath the roots, and then level up your ground
again; and if to this you do but prune your Tree 3
. ' tle, as you fee caufe, you {hall not fail to have a
'ving Tree.

' .3 th be of too cold and clung a nature, the

" ry pleafing to many tender Frt‘iits9 often
' ,. on the Tree, or often to want that good

' "Qty-er to your Fruit, or nor to ripen
~a its nature and feafon. if your Tree.
. uch natured ground, it is not eafily .
king up and new planting both {hal-
lowerfi,

 

' {Euler/5 Gardener.
lower and mending the ground with a more warm and
better natured earth; but if you may not take up your
Tree, as being too old, you [hall Open the ground untill
you come to the roots the which you are to raife, at
leafl good part of them, and cut the ends, and lay them
as lhallow as you may conveniently, covering them

’ with fome good natured earth; as for thofe that root:
more {hallow, they are more ealily and furely cured by
the fame means, either by taking away of the bad earth
for ionic reafonable compafs, or at leaft by mingling 1t
with fome very good earth, very rotten dung, or fome
Lime-rubbilh of old walls a’vc. which is exceedincr
good to mingle with any cold- natur d earth fo likewi 6
pretty fiore of Sea-coal allies, well mingled with your
dung or mould: but thefe alhes of it fell"b is very dry and
barren, bur very ufefull being mingled with any cold or
wet ground, alfo {mall rubbilh Chalk and Sand well ‘
mingled with good earth.

Alfo if yourg boround be very wet, then you are to
make fome convenient Dreins 01 inch a depth as may
be to purpofe, and carry away all that olienfive moi-
fiure to fome Ditch or Pond, where it may be ufefull,
or at lealt nor oFenfive: If your Dreins or Trenches be
made of a confiderable depth, at leait fome principal
ones, it will deltroy Rulhes, and fome other offenfive
plants that are naturally fed by the excefs of moiliure, '
thefe Dreins or Trenches, ifyou are not VV11l1ng to be
at the wit of Bricaw ork, dvc. to convey the water
under ground, then you may fill them up with grey/2.5;,
1to11es,alying them 111 yfuch a manner forholle‘wn & .; , ,3

VV 1t11iland1no there may be a fuflicientiapaflhj" 1 '

the water to drein or pals away as aforefaid, ’d’é'f
hrlt upon the fioncs lay fome coarfe gravel ,‘fi ‘
c0Ver tnemlevel as you fee caufe,‘b” this “ '
mer-moiflt ground ma‘y be made mo apt f0
6Fruit trees upon, or other Gard en Wage '

 
 
      
   
 

 

 

 

.Of the Ordering or Husbandring of thofg ”flit-Tree: “i
that flared at large in Standardge: App/e5,
. and Pears, 81c.

often, if you love fruit more than a tree to thrive
in wood, and therefore I would advife you whiltt your
tree is young, to endeavour to bring it into a ha ndfome
{hape and order, and when it comes to bear fruit, for-
bear pruning, unlefs in cafe of broken, or fuch boughs
as grow crofs, and lye galling or fretting others ; but in .
cafe your trees, or any of them, are hide-bound, and
thereupon do not {hoot and thrive, then you are to
make Life of the former infiru&ions, by pruning borh
t0p and root, and amending the earth if it be faulty ,-
but fometimes, only cutting off fome of the branches,
or topping your tree towards the Spring, or in Winter,
and then Wiih the point of your knife flit the bark of
your tree in tavo or three places} from the top, or head~
ing place, to the bottom, and if you do 100an the earth
abouttyour tree , in cafe it be hard, it will be the
better. —.
Take notiee, that many a good bearing tree, both“
Apple and Pear, have been much hindred by much
and often pruning. Indeed for Stone~fruit, in cafe they
row old, or too thick3 and if they be headed pretty 5
near, they will become as young, and recover their
' bearing quickly again. .
But yetin cafe your Pear or Apple-trees are grown _
old, and for wan-tofnourifhment is not able to bring '
their fruitto that perfeétion as formerly, in fuch a cafe,
to take 35" fdme ogtthe molt undeferving boughs, fuch
as haveleafl belie ‘- of the Sun, or molt unhandfome ;
.~ 3 [1‘ “later-ii;

‘ 7 Our beit way is not to prune them either much or

Ce

L
x‘

  
 

" -; .. -. th- ' »

\
|

      
 

 

 

i?”

 

Water-boughs, as Tome call them, that grow altogether

under the droppings of Others , this pruningin the
aforefaid cafe, hath done good3 but I do not like it
fhould be often done : f0 likewife if a tree dothrive ex-
ceedingly in wood, and dorh not bear fruit, to thin it a
little, that the Sun and the Air may have more free
palfage amongfi the branches; but if for all this it
doth not bear fruit in fome confiderable manner in a
year or two after, then your befi: and furel’c , way is’ to
graft it again with fuch a fruit as you find doth bear well
in the like air or fituation ; the manner is taught be~
fore, and is worthy the prafiifing in fuch a cafe.

And as for the opening of the ground about old trees3
as it is ufually practifed with many, about four or five
foot wide, and letting them lye Open a month or two,
or more, and then filling them up again, adding fome
Dung or Chaulk, or both, mingled together: for my
part, Ido nOt fee any reafon how it {hould advantage
either the tree or its fruits, either as to its thriving cr
bearing, becaufe fuch old or great trees, I mean Apple
or Pear-trees, that fetch their feeding or nourilhment
at afarr greater difiance, f0 that the ccfl' comes not
near thofe roots that feed or nourilln the tree ; indeed,
for young trees, whofe feeding roots are within four or
five foot of the tree, this Husbandry may be to good
purpofe, as alfo for Cherries, and Plumbs,which ufual—
1y are pretty full of feeding root nigh home, if not ve-
ry old: Ifay to fuch, this Husbandry may contribute
to the thriving, and alfo the bearing of the fairer fruit,
if not ufed too often. .

If your Trees be fubjeét to Moffe, the which is inciv

dent to trees that grow on cold clay grounds, as alfo wet

grounds, and liltewife to trees upon fome forts of

- dry grounds, but the kind of Moffe is much differing,

for that on the cold and moyPc grounds being a long
I [ gouty
CU

 

{haggy Moire, the'other‘a dry ,fcurfi‘e ‘ 7 ‘. 6,» both are
enemies to your trees, and very unhandfome. and there- -
fore worth the labour to cleanfe them ;. if your trees
fiandtoo thick, or nigh together, it is [0 much the i
worfe, for the more Air and Sun they have, the lefs the "
Mofle doth increafe, and the ground hath the more be- !

          

nefit from the Sun-beams to warm and quicken it; if
you find your ground to be over wet, ufe the former In- _
tiruétions of Dreins, to make ufe of fuch kind of foyl
as is of a warming and comforting nature, alfo to fcrape
or rub oh the MolIe as much as you can with an Irons
tool, made in {hape like a Howe, or Dough-rake, :
made a little hollow on each tide, - the better to anfwer g
the feveral lhapes orhzes of boughs that are to be Mof—
. fed; it is to have a convenient flail or handle, rather ?
{hort than long, except you Prand on the ground. to do :
your work: the molt convenient Seafon for this work i
is in the \Vinter,when the Mofs is {omething moyfi;de- i
ferr it not too late, or nigh the Spring, lelt you fpoyl i
too many blollome-buds which then grows gale and '
brittle; but if, as fometimes I have feen, that the
Moire is (0 much and long, that it even {mothers the
branches, and confequently hinders the bearing of ,.
fruit, and feems an endlefs labour to Mofle it, then
your {urelt way is to prune off the greatef’t part of the T
heal, and Mode the, ret’r, or to. take off all its head, &
and your tree will {hoot and become as it were young
again, and do fervice; and in cafe your Plantation be
too thick, which in cold Clay grounds occalions Moire
toincreafetheial’tér, you are to mend that fault by‘ta-
ki :53 away fomeoi‘the worfi deferVingft trees, whereby
'your others may become more fruitfull, or at leaft bet:
teruflediruit, (anti Molle leis apt to increafe) by
having more benefit of the comforting and {waif-wing
virtue of the Sun and Air. lithe caufe of the Mofle on
’ - your

r ‘ wiqu-V'uv ‘
- fl-

W 772 Englifli.Gara’ener. " 53"

yom Trees be the drynefs or barrennefs of the ground;
then befides fcraping it off, you may help your tree by
opening the ground at a good difiance about your tree,
and lay amongi’t the feeding roots, at leafl: as many as
you meet with, fome good ihort Lorne, or the {cower-
ing of Ponds or Ditches, which will keep moyflure,
and nouriih your tree better, and fometimes prevent
the falling and worm-eating of fruit, which is incident
to dry and barren grounds. Take notice, that notwith-
fianding thefe direéiions are very good being fcafon-
ably and fuitably performed or made ufe of, yet if your
tree bear fruit competently and good according to its
kind, Iwould advife you to forbear tampering with it,
either by opening or pruning, unlefs in cafe- of necefli-
ty, as in the cafe of dead,cankered, broken, or galling-
boughs, Mifl‘eltow, and the Moffe, which ought to be'
done with care, left you fpoyl or break off the bearing
buds, and difappoint your felf of fruit.

The Canker is as bad a mifchief as any that happens
to trees, but efpecially to young trees , which being
fmall, are eaten or tainted round before one is aware of
it : therefore if your fruit be of fuch akind as is fub'eél:
to Canker,as of'a truth fome are more than other,which
makes it clear3 that the caufe is in it felf in a great mea~
fure, but yet very much furthered when it happens on a
ground which doth feed that [harp humour3 which may
be the caufe; in fuch a cafe it is hard curing. We fee
amon it men fome Conftitutions are more .fubjeét to
Itchings, or breakings out, occafiontd by ‘fome {harp or
virulent humours which is either more or lefs furthered,
as they delight or feed on fuch kind of dietaor drink fuch
liquor as feed that humour. Sometimes too deep
Planting, caufeth trees to Canker and blafl on the top,
andin fomethat are very fubjeél: to it, a little bruife,
and fometimes unfeafonable pruning. ‘

This may be a {uflicient fatisfaétion or refolve from a

mee r'

 

     

_, «5W ~ {“‘Trlz‘e‘fifiEnglyfif-‘GW «

meet labouring, Gardener, who hath neither time to i
make more experiments, nor learning to exprefs the tea-
i‘on and caufe in a Philofophical way :‘ which would
have been very acceptable to Scholars, (jut. but I hOpe
it may be reafonable fatisfaé‘tion to thofe young Pra-
éiilhioners in the Art of Gardening, for whole fakesI
chiefly write thefe Infiructions. The way of Cure
follows. . ‘
As Ifaid, if your fruit-trees are of .fuch’kinds as are
more than ordinary fubjeét to Canker, or the nature of
your ground more inclining your trees thereto, your di-
ligence is to be the more, in often viewing and {catch-
ing your Nurfery or Plantation , efpecially of your
youngefi, and upon the firfi opportunity 'tocgt oh: the
icaft {peck of Canker you meet with ; you, ifiiy‘know
when you have cut it out fufliciently by thisggiiafter the
cutting thereof, the Sap in a little time after appears of
a reddilh colour, it is not fufliciently cut out ; but if on
the contrary it continue frclh and green, it is a iign of
i‘oundnel‘s: this clean cutting of it out, I have found to
be fuflicient for the Cure of the place {0 cut. But be- '
iide the cutting ofitout, fome ufe applications to the
place, as Cow-dung and Pifs mingled, others Horfe-
dung mingled with Clay, fome Hogs—dungnaridung of
a Jakes ; Others, after they have cut it out, f ghack’d
it round about the cut, do wall] it often Wi "(trong
Vinegar, or you may flack a Lime-Prone in a little wa-
tervpifs or Lye, and being pretty thick, apply to the
place, being, as I faid, firfi cut out ; others ufe means to _
prevent the Cankering, by laying l‘ome Prore of Hogs;
dung 1n the hole where they plant their-trees, or fome
round about where the tree roots are to run ; and this I
have heard fome aflirm with much confidence for a
certain prevention ,-. fomeufe Buck-allies in like man-_
ner, others ufe Buck-allies, Ferne, and Nettles ; others

 

  

in

 

r. in cafe their ground be gravelly, or of a nature inclining
t-thereto, where they are to plant, ufe here of good
I ihort Lorne, Clay, or the Scowering .of Poads all
-' which may prowle very beneficia in one kind or other ;
{burl have oft obferved, as I faid before, that where
t the Canker hath been exactly cut out, it hath been cu-
; red without any application, whereas many by trufiing
” too much to their Me-licines, have neglected the prin-
, cipal of the Cure, Imean the exact cutting of the taint
orinfeétion out. I, do know upon good experience,
that too deep Planting is as great a caufe of Canltering,
and blai’ting the tops of trees, as any thing, as alfo of
- not bearing fruit. lhave obferved in divers places, that
trees whilfi they were young, were very much troubled
withthe Cauker,the which,when they had gotten fome
.good growth, were quite freed from it only for a time
whilfi young,cuttingit out as occafion required; but if
you find, as indeed it fometimes fo falls out, that you
cannot rid your'trees of this difeafe, as it happeneth
with fome forts of Pippins, Harvie—apples, and fomo
others, in‘fome forts of ground although of a pretty
good naturefo that What your trees {hoot this year,dies
the next,or before : if it do. not bear fruit in fome confi-
derable manner,then it will be your bef’c comic to cut ofi‘
: the head offueh a tree,or trees,leaving only fome conve-
nient arms' or boughs whereon on may graft fome
other fort offruit, which in the lihe ground or fituation

1 doth bear fruit well, and is not f0 fubjeét to C anker;
In cafeany arm Or bough be broken by the 'wind, or
‘1 other accident, your bef’t way is to cut it of? clofe and
tfmooth, although it be in the Summer, except, it have
3: fruit on it which you defire to fave, theihurt being not
f0 great as to hinder the pallage of the Sapp ; in [uch a
r cafe, by tying it to fame convenient neighbour bough,
. or fome prop, your fruit may.I grow to maturity ,- and
-t CH

" 'wmtagzz/aemm ‘ S'i ”

E

  
 
 

then'if you defire to preferve it, you may cut ofl'fome“?
part of it, that ['0 the wind may not have too much ~
power on it, or its own weight, to defiroy it, untill it-
be firengthened by the return of the next years fap; if
you will you may bind fome tempered Clay to the";
frafiure, if not,I know no inconvenience in the negleét, ‘,
fome account it robbing of the tree or root of [0 much‘
fap, by cutting branches, (five. inthe Summer, fuppo- .
fing a defcent of fap into the root again,which is buta 5
miitake, as I have before mentioned; a ‘ 'j I

Miffeltow is another inconvenience to trees, robbing
them of fome ufefull fap or nourifhmentg-Which might
be better imployed, and therefore to be cut off where it
appears. 5 1 ‘

Gum is another evil happening tth'Ebfe' trees that i
hear Stone—fruit ; I know no other cure}; but to cut it
pretty clofe where it doth ilTue out, the Which will in V
' t‘ijme heal up again; fome grounds are very ifubjeét to it,
in f0 much that any little {train or bi’uifeinclines to
breed Gum, which fometimes fpoils Pe'aC‘h‘és, Apri- ~
Cocks, dvc.‘ 7 ‘

And befides the difeafes that trees are {abject to, the
fruit is often defiroyed or defaced by fome kinds of ver—
min, alfo Bird‘s, the which doth mof’t tififgfihief in the
Winter, by pecking off the bloffom'btliaé}: in hard
Frofiy or Snowy weather, they do likewifeTfibil Cher—
ties, the which both Jack-Daws and Jayes doth: a-
mongft fmall Birds the Tom-tit and Bull-finch doth _
mofi mifchief, the which with Lime-twigs conveniently
fet,‘ you may take many of them in hard-*Weather, onf
your Phamb and Apricock trees3 or you may deftroy '
many with a good Trunck, or Stoone-bow; astr Jayes,
Mag-pyes, and Jack-Dan's, they are to be deftroyed by
{homing them, or with Springs, by them that know
‘how to ‘fet them for the purpofe, which fome doth ;“‘

‘ ' ome

 

     

  

   

 

t feme dorh take-of thefe fowls alive, and rye the: in
'3 fome convenient place, where they will fcrame or cry,
:efpec-ially the Jay, and will caufe divers of their kind to
ggather together, by which means you may make a
ggreater def’trufiion amongi’c them with your Gun : they
z‘that dwell near W'oods may make good ufe of this ex:
;- periment.
Crows and Jack-Daws are great deftroyers of Peale
: and Cherries,they may be frighted from coming to your
1 Peale or Wheat, as [have made tryal divers times, and
‘t for any thin I know to the contraryj may be aseffectual
: for the pr ~;t;§_'-!ga.tio_rt of Cherries, if you {hoot one or
two, or mggrif your ground be Very large, and then in
fome openfplace near where they haunt, make a hole
about the breadth of a Bulhel, and as deep, or more, and
then pull you; Crow, or the like, and flick and {carter
the feathers allabout the hole, and {ome in the hole,
and throw thgnaked Carkafs into the hole, and {0 long
as the featheé continue any thing freih and dry, there
will neithngrows nor Jack-Daws come near to meddle
with your Peale, nor with your Cherries, I believe, after
they have feen that fight. _

Snails are likewifi: great enemies to Wall-fruit, and
efpecrally to the bcf’t forts of Neétorines ; you are to
fearch for them betimes in the morning, or when it rain-
eth, at which times they will be flirting about ; at other
times you may find them in holes of your wall, if there ,
be'any; or, in other lhady places behind weeds or herbs,
that grow againfi walls or pails ; alfo if in feveral places
near your trees, you let fo‘me fmall boards ends, or the
like, leaning. or lying fomething hollow under,_or bea.
hind which the Snails will creep for lhelter from the
Sun; where you may take them and defltoy them.

Earwigs may be taken and defiroyed, if in divers
places of your Garden yoliifikk fome pieces of Canes,

. ‘ 2. or

' a char; 59! _ "

     

So . 7/32 Engli/b Garafei‘iér. : ,
or great Kixes of Hemlock, hung of duck with the is
hollow end downvvard, fo as they may creep in ; alfo f?
the hoofs of Cattel- hung on the tops of dicks in divers *
places, into whichvthey will creep for ihelter, and 3
once a day to take thofe Canes or Hoofs and knock.‘
them on the ground, and defiroy the Earwigs with l
your foot. ’

Pils-ants are another fort of troublefome gUePt in a
Garden3 and amongfi Fruits, you mufi fearch out their
hills or place of abode, and having provided fome fcal- l
ding water, open the ground a little, and-pour your .
water into their hold or habitation; ; ifinother way i
which fome have ufed to deflroy them,"lis bymaking
fome {mall boxes-of Cards, in the ,hichthey have put
fome Sugar, bein firl’t mingled W‘YthfimeMer’cury, '
and beaten very ne, making fome’ holeé in the boxes
of fuch a bignefs only as Pifs-ants ma‘y‘i Creep in, lefi:
you lhould defiroy Bees; theie boxes are to be hung
or fer in convenient places when; Piiséants do haunt. _
Some ufe Brimf’tone-powder to ii :9 the fpafltages Out of
their holds or habitaticns, others life ”In“, i 1. me
other Gummy fiulT, to anoint round the foot, or their
trees, where they go upto eat their Fruit; in Starfiras-i
trees it may do fomething to prevent theni,=but the moi
certain way is to prevent them in their placesof abode,
or dens. '

‘Wafps are likewife {poilers of Fruit, and may be de'o ?’
firoyed by fetting divers Gally-pots or others, half full
of water, in convenient places, and fmearingtthe teps
and infides with Honey, or Honey’d water ;‘ or you
may hang feveral Glalfes fo dreffedtin. fuch trees,“
Where you defire moft to preferve your, Fruit from?
iuch guefis.

Catterpillars, of which there are divers forts, but
thofe are the worfi enemies to trees and fruit which are .

' fired

“ 72m Englgfb Gardener; 51 ~

’ bred by the Eafi wind, when trees firit begin to {hoot
out their green buds or leaves, the which, fome years
where they prevail, make fuch defirufiion,that the trees
look as if they were blafted ; they are bred within the
leaf or bud, or at leaft quickly make way under the fold
of the buds or leaves before they be fpread out,and there
continue until they have defiroy’d the very heart of the
bud that is for (hoot, likewife thofe for bloffome and
fruit : fome,‘that have but a few trees and leifure, as alfo
a love to‘ their fruit, have with a kind of Pump or Force
made fbrgthat purpofe, and being feet into a tub of water,
have}; , alhed their trees both againfi their walls,
and others, whereby they have faved much fruit, belides
fome convenient [hoot or growrh of their trees, which
other-wifé‘might have been loih Thefe kind of Catter-
pillarsarervery prejudicial to young grafts, and inoculaa
ted trees, ‘efpecially of the firi’t year, which if not timely
prevented, dOth fometimes quite def’troy, or at leafl: hi n-
dermuch of their groxvth, and oft fpoyl the gracefulnefs
of their (hoot; Amongf’t- young grafts, they mult be
fearch'd for as I have elfewhere direétedBirds do much
injury to young Apple and Pear-trees, by lighting upon
the youpig and tender tops of them to fearch for Carter-
pillars,"and thereby have broken them3 which have cau-
fed fome to think, and fay, they were eaten off by fome
other kind of Vermin. Other forts ofCatterpillars there
are, which‘are ingendred of Spawn, which at fometimes
ofthe Spring you may find on, divers forts of trees and
boughs‘, wrapped as it were in Cobwebs, the which be-
- ing taken before theyare difperfed, and deftroy’d, they
will do no further harm, otherwife you may often find
they willeat off all the leaves of the trees where they
are. Other forts there are, but they are but few, an .i
may foon be found with diligence. Another fort that ule
to eat up the leaves of Goofeberry bullies, I have men-
' timed

 

  

  
 

   

;'..

92‘ , '1» 1“ , ,n,
'rioned elfewhere,belidcs rhofe that fpoyl Cabbages,Col-> ,
liflowers, and Turnips, fpoken of elfewhere; likewife
fome affirm with much confidence, that the oft fmoak- '
ing of their trees with old Hay,or Srraw,ufing the advan-
tage of thewind in the Spring, to be a fure preven-
tion. ‘ ,

There is another fort of Vermin which is avery great
annoyance to Cherry-trees, efpecially great leav’d Cher-
ries ; it is afmall black Bug, and willbe in greatnum-
hers on the leav es and fpringing buds, tainn'ri ' the tree,
although in a very thriving condition, Caufiléthe Sap-
to be at a Rand, even in the‘ chiefefl: timed ‘ing ;
what the name of it isI know not, or wheehé " Bug,
call’d a Lady-bird.3 docaufe them,1 know nor, but Ida
commonly fee that Bug. on Cherry~trees, andifimOngfl
thofe fmallBugs,whether to feed on them,or,t9:cafi that
Spawn whereof they come: the only Cure that I know,
is often to walh or dalh them after the manner mention:
ed a little before. ‘ , _- .3; ..

Orchards, and Nurferies, have divers other Enemies
and Cafualties whereby they are apt to be fpoyled, as
Deers, Goats9 Hares, and Conyes, the belt and furei’c
prevention is a good Fence ; but if C onyesor: Hares do
come amongfi your trees, either willingly keeping them
there, as fome do, orby coming in againfl: your. will,
ifyour trees be young or fmooth bark’d, they will be
apt to be fpoylcd by them in hard weather if not pre—
vented, either by pitching up fome Lathes roundyour
trees, or making fome Trunks abOut each tree either».
with three or with {our (ides, or by wrapping fome old,
either Woollen or Linnen Cloths, or old Stockings,
abourcach tree, [0 high as a. Hare or Cony may not
reach to bark your tree above it, and then dawb it with
any kind ofdung or garbage of Conyes, o'er. and this
willcaufe that they will no: meddle with your tree fo

long

   
 

   

 

 

111:: 14.72ng =-Uarzlener. _ 6 "

long as the fmell thereof remains; alfo fome ui'e Lime,
being firi’c flack’d, and being Pretty thick, dawb their
trees of a convenient height: this mufi'be renewed as
you fee caufe.

To prevent the inconvenience of great and flrong
winds, which oft occafions the lofs of much fruit, as
alfo the breaking of fome arms or boughs of your trees ;
the bef’r prevention is to Plant fome forts of trees as may
break the violence of the wind from your Orchard.
yet at fuch a difiance, as they may not prove a Worfe
inconvenience than the wind, either by over-hanging,
. or h': " “pSun too much from your Orchard, or
*ng of their root amon‘git your fruit—trees,
Which intime they may do, and hinder them of much
necelfary nourilhment; fome have ufed divers forts of
Plumbs, {fame Cherries either red 0r black, which in—
ideed‘v'viil’grow toa great feature. Ihave mentioned
diversfoits, Which mayfe‘rve nfor fuch a purpofe, as
you mzvygread toward'thebeginning of the book, only
you are‘toconfider which are of a large growing na~
ture, and which not, and accordingly to Plant them at
a fit and convenient diflance.

Thereare fome other Cafualties fometimes happen-
ing to fruit, as Blafiings, Frofis, 5%. which none but
the Provident Hand of God can effeétually prevent;
only there is a means, that is, and may be ufed, and of-
ten to good purpofe, for fome forts of early blolToming,
and tender fruits that grow again& walls , as Apri-
cocks, (iv. the which in fome years, and alfo in
fome warm naturfd grounds, and very warm fituated '
places, do blow very early , and are oft overtaken
with Frofis, and come to nothing, the which mifcarr
riage to prevent, you may hang fome Bade-matte, or
‘Canvas, or the like before them, from the time of their
firft beginning to bloffome, untill they are Well knit

or

 
  

 

 

   
 

or fet, and for {ometime
‘ opening or uncovering them every day in cafe the wea-

ther be mild; but open them not too early, nor very
late, except the weather be very mild, and afteriyou

0 once begin‘to cover, you mutt be carefull that you
-do not negleét to be confrant, for you mufi know that
covering will make them more tender, and therefore
more apt to mifcarry: alfo you mul’t make fuch pro-
vifion, that the wind may not caufe your covering to
flam too and fro, and {o caufe more mifcarriage to
your fruit, than if you had not covered at all. Alfo
know, that by much covering and hindering} :
from thebenefitof the Sun in their ufual rift V
ing, you may caufe your fruit to come later than is
ufual for that kind of fruit to do ; and oft caufe fome
forts of fruit to bare pret well, which Ordinarily
' doth not at all, or very .litt e. Other wayes might be

related, both for this lafi mentioned Cafualties , and
all the other, but in regard they are either very trouble-
fome, uncertain, or full of danger, I forbear to relate
them.

 

_. _-._~--A-_V-- »__-,__‘_‘~., Wm“

of ..

after, if you Tee eccafiori,‘

 

a ‘3

" {jag Birgit/z gardener:
' 0/ Vim: and tbcir Ordering.

‘ hit for the increafing of Vines, you may fet them of
cuttings from the fall of the Leaf, to the end of

7 Felrmary, either all of the fame years {hoot or growrh,
or you. may takea joynt or two of the former years
growrh with your fer, butit will do well enough being
all of the fame years growth; let them be fet the depth
of twoor three joynts in the ground or more,rif the
joynts be near or thick, and as much above ground,
thofe‘ cuttings are accounted hell: by fome, that are
thickeft of joynts; let your ground be good, and the
fcituation temperate, not too dry , nor too wet, and af.
ter they have had two years grow:h,you may remove
‘and Plant them in convenient places for hearing, when
Vines are taken up to Plant, being but of one years
growth, either of cutting or layer, their rootconfrlting
only of afew fappy firings, in cafe they be not fpeedily
planted before the wind take their roots, which will
quickly be if not prevented, then I fay your labour and,
expeétation is irui’trate; therefore as Ifaid, let your
Plants be of two years growth before you re-plant them,
unlefs you ufe more than ordinary diligence; fome that
have choice Vines,& defrre to increafe them, if they can-
not lay them on the ground, do make divers little trofl‘s
r or boxes,é‘c.and fallen them in convenient places about
Itheir Vines, and therein lay feveral branches to root,
sand in fit feafon for planting, cut them from the Mo-
rther-plant, and difpole of them as they defire, only they
:are often to moifien them, that they may take the bet-
tter mating: Vines are likewife often'aud eafily increa-
ri {ed by laying down forne branches either young or old,
:(about halfa foot'deep inrhe‘gronnd or lefs) which be-

"..ng well rooted, may be cut off and planted eifcwhere
I am:

W .' Engfi/b: garlmert.
any time in Winter, and implanting, let them have as-:‘
much Sun as you may conveniently, the pleafnre or pro-
fit,in all likely hood will be the better,es to the ripening,
é-c. there is {everalways of planting them, fome . againit.
Houfe- fi-des, where in fome places they run agreat i

’ height, and bear very much fruit,fome r 3,
1'0“ ""3117“ any againfl lower Walls, or. Buttreffes,
:;$§;§,;gyvi,igfig confiantly keeping them within fome 2'
a Summer. {mall bounds, fome Plants them againfl: : ’

Walls, but fuflers them only to- run. on
the the top, or C0ping of their wall, forne againfl Pales ,
'or Pole-work hedges or Arbors, and fome Plant them
after the manner of Vineyards in feveral flandards , a!
bout three, four, or five foot high, and.abont three or
four foot afunder, fome tying them up to flakes, and
fome without, where they bear fruit very prettily, and
molt-commonly ripen well if the ground and Husbandr
be but good, (and the ground n0t too cold)and the kind
not too tender : Now the feafon for the pruning of your“
Vines, it is any time from the fall of the Leaf, to the end -.
of February, but 'moit cut them from mama”, to the
end offfmuar], or middle of February, and many only in ,
fome oi the twelve days 5 I have {ome-
legisverngOd Hus- times cut Vines in March , but found
gin: grows old to no other inconvenience, except their
cutandlupply young Fruit being a little later in their ripe:
in its PM“ i‘ W1.” ning, which I confefsis {omething in ,2
but better, and far - ;
m {min cafe your Vines grow on a cold ground :3
' or bad {cituation for Sun ; another in— ,
convenience by late cutting, is their. aptnefs to bleed 2
much, which to fome Vines that are not very luily may A.
occafion, not only the latenefs'of the Fruits ripening,th r.
fometimes the {tarving of the Fruit, and fometimes al.
though but feldom, the death of your Vine ; in the cut.
Kgng of your Vines, if they are very lnily you may leave
2).

an

      

Wu- ~' ‘ - - -., 11;;
, 1772c- ‘Engltfi gardener. *8?
"only one joynt or bud at a place , befides con‘venie‘nt‘ run-
nets for the furnifliing of your Wall, but where Vines are
but moderate in their groxvrh , you may-leave two or 3
joynts at the molt; fo-me are lb diligent and obfervant in
cutting, that when their Vines do bleed (as mofi do little
ormuch at therifing of the Spring) if you mind it, you,
may cut {0 as it maynot bleed on the buds,but befide that
it bleed not upon the buds they leave, lelt it kill them.
As for thofe Vines that have but little room to fpread
in, they are kept very bare, as only one or two arms,and
the tell cut either within, one or two 'joynts of the flock
for hearing 5'f0 likewile thoi'e that are planted in feveral
"fi'andards, as a Vineyard, are kept to one or two flan-
dards,being fafined to a good lh'ong flake, and cut ei-
ther very near,or leaving two or three joynts,and in fome
places they have made a ridge between every two ran-
;ges of Vines, that (0 the refiexion of the Sun might the
better haflen their ripening ; but belides this Winters
pruning, they are to be dreft once or twice in the Sum-
mer, once about the time of their blowing. cutting off
unnecellary (boots, or placing them in convenient order,
8: likewife bringing your bearers-conveniently near your
Wall where they may have the belt advantage to ripen;
the other time of drelling or cutting is when they have
their full growth or near it, when you are to cut not on-
ly fuperfluous branches that have no Fruit, yet {0 as to
keep beauty or comelinefs in your Tree1 but alfo to cut
the ends of thofe that have Fruit, leaving fome two or
three joy‘nts above the clutter, leait you {hould fiunt or
{tarve your Fruit 5 alfo if you fee any new or young
fprouts {pring out that may rob your Fruit, or any way
hinder it as to its growrh or ripening, you are to cut or
pull them away, only if any branch comes forth in centre;
Diem places either to lay for increafe, or to [apply in
placeof form: :00 old ; your are to preferVe it, and help
1 I 2 it,

31.

   

‘ at” -. ifh'é’nglijbvgdre? ,
it, that" it may be'the fironger for any the aforefaid pur-
pofessremembring that young are more plentiful in heat-
ing than old , befides the handfomenefs; your Vine is
then too old,when it {ends forth but few or weak flarve- "
ling (boots, and bears bur little in comparifon to what
-it had wont to do: Now in cafe your Vine do not
th 've, and bringits Fruit to that perfeaionit formerly
‘di and that the caufe was not through the unfeafona-
blenefs of the year or weather, then you are to confider
the nature and temper of the ground, from whence
your Vine hath its nourifhment, whether it be not too
ho: and dry, which oft is accompanyed with barrenefs 5
in fuch a cafe you are iometime in the Winter feafon to
open the ground fome compafs, where the roots run ei-
ther more or lefs, according as your .Vine is in age or
'largenefs of growrh, becauie the older your Vine is, the
further it dorh fetch its nouriihment , and accordingly to
be helped 5 firit cutting the ends offuch roots you meet
with,and laying {ome good mold, or mold mingled with
very rotten dung,cr having firi} laid the mold to the
roots,you may fpread {ome dung upon the earth,or pour
fome quantity of beaits blood, the which in ihort time
will {0 renew your Vine, that it will become as young
again; and thus you may renew and help your Vines
with foil, either ofa hot or colder nature, as you fee
caufe, and as I have formerly directed before {peaking
of Wall-trees, and their ordering 5 this fore-mentioned
Husbandry will'cure the changing of your Vine leaves
either red or yellow, when it happens in the growing
time of the year, except it proceed fromfotne other de-
feét in the root or-body, as rottennefs, or worm-eating,
'or fome other'accidentalchance, the which it may pof-
fibly cure by breedingnew roots, and new lhoots in place
of the Other 5 do but remember that the extreams of
either heat or cold, wet or dry is prejudicial to all Plants
‘ ' ' ' ‘ ‘ ' ' ' and g

 

  

and Fruit-bearing Trees, and then you cannot be Want-
” ing in the knowledge how to help in cafe of need : Lime-

tubbilh of old -Walls, Pigeons dung, are highly account»
ed of, to be mingled with any wet and cold natured

ground, where you Plant Vines or other moift kinds of .
Fruit that are tender 3 as to the bleeding of Vines,which
happeneth by over late cutting, or {Ome other accident 5
I for my part did never know any Vine die by that means,
and therefore was never occafione’d to make experiment
to that purpofe, only fome have fet down means to (top
the bleeding, which I {Uppofe hath been only in cafe of
cutting or breaking fome great arm or branch: the
means was either by binding fome Sear-clorh about the
place made of Pitch, Rofin, and Tallow, @c. or with
fome hard Wax, or Searing, fome have hoafled of a
charm to thatpurpofe: But let this‘fuflice for the or-
dering of Vines, tending only for the pleafure of the
Fruit to be eaten.

of Rafts, their ordering and increafing.‘

 

 

. S for the increafing of Rofes, of which there are
thirty or forty varieties, they are not, or a; leaf];
very rarely increafed. by the feeds, although they may
even as well as Sweet-bryer, though indeed they are
fomething more tender, neither is feed to be had f0 ea—
fily or plentiful; the truth is, it is with Rofes, as it is
with many other Flowering-trees and {hrubs that are,
hardy enough, and apt to be increafed by fuckers,layers,’ .
cuttings, or flips, yet being raifed of feed, they Come.
fOrward very flow, and very oft apt to be {poiled by
hard Winter weather 5 but. if any defire to fow their
feeds , b which means poifibly fome varieties may be,
raifediromfome forts og them; your belt way is to 30“,.
t emu

 

     

    

. as ng , ’_~6erfih{. at
them fo foon as they be ripe,.. yet before they are is?!
may fay dead ripe; forl fuppofe- it may be with them
as with Sweet-bryer, which being fown as foon as they
turn fomewhat red, they do better thenwhen they are
‘ very ripe, from the end of Augufl, to the end of Septem.
ber is-a good feafon; you 'are to break the Pod or Hip,
andfow the feeds, or you may keEp the feeds in fome
indifferent-tempered mould, until February or Marc/2,
.butyou mu‘fl-norkeep your mould over dry : the wa
to fee the proof of your fowing more fpeedily is, that
fo foon as you have raifed fome Plants, although they
be but little bigger than a good-Crows-quill 5 you may
take fome buds oifabout the end of ffxly, or in Ange/f
.or September, for fo late, and fometimes a Month later
you may inoculate Rofes, you may bud them on the
'White or Damask Rofe-flock or on other forts of R0-
fes double or fingle, by which means you may as I faid,
fee what variety your fowing hath produced in a far
lborter time than the natural Plants will. ‘

Alfo Rofes are, as mofl know, increafed by fuckers
:that f pring from the roots, the which fome forts of R0-
fes bring forth in great plenty, after they have flood
. fome time in a Garden, the which being taken up from
the Mother'plant in fitfeafon, and planted in conveni-
ent order, will furnifh you with flowers according to
their kind; they are alfo increafed by laying down fomc
of the (hours or‘branches, covering that part you lay a-
bout a hand bredth deep or thereabout, not covering
__ the very top of the (hoot, you may keep them down
with a hooked or fnagged fl‘ckif they be flimthe young
fho'ots of the fame years growth is befi for the purpofe,
but if your Tree doth not yield, neither fuckers nor
lhoots firto lay, then you may cut your Tree pretty
near the ground in cafe it be natural, and then it
will be apt to fend forth (boots for your purpofe, and it
may

   

   
 

may be {u tkers likewxfe; but if you may not or will not
cut your Tree down low, then you may only top his
branches or head, by which means you may have "{hoots
either to lay, or at leaflto bud 5 but in regard fome
forts of Rofes are not very apt to take roor, being laid in
an ordinary way, (as the Mask Rofe for one, although it
will lometimes grow of flips or cuttings) therefOre {or
fuch it will be your belt way to prick or ~ hack that part
you are to lay with your knife, or which is more fure {or
{uch forts, to cut your (hoot with a crofs-cut, and then
upward witha flit, as you lay flowers, putting a little

earth or any convenient thing to keep the flit open ; yon »

are to cut it at the bottom of a bud or joynt for there it
is aptelt to take root, and then lay it down in the earth
asaforefaid, if you lay them in the Summer, they may
be fit to take off and plant out the Winter following, re-
membring to give your layer convenient moiflure in ca fe
of drowth, you may lay both in Winter or Spring like-'
wife, and by the Winter following they will be fit to cut

off and Plant as occafion ferves, diversions of Rofes are -

likewiie increafed of branches, flips, or cuttings without
root ,being {et in convenient places not too dry, from the

. fall of the leaf, to the end of Feérmry, but are to be kept .

moii’t in‘cafe of a dry Spring.

Another way for the increafing of
thefeveralforts of Rot'es, is by inocu- i o u .
lating, which may be bei’c performed Sail?“ taught
on {uch forts as are molt lufly and free
of “100! or growth, as the W'hite or Damask, (7’5. after

your buds are taken and (hot pretty well, which will be '

the Spring or Summer following, fometimes the fame
year they are budded,which is in cafe of early budding of
them, or pruning them much, or heading your flock too
foon; but it is beft when they do not fpring until the

Spring following, unlefs you bud of the, monthly ,-
Roe»

The manner how to >

”Winn-yaw? 7.”

/

 

, 71g '1 ”ad?" . f ,i
Role very timely or early,to have it—flower in Auguji and
Septcmber, following, the which it will ,do being
budded in April or May, as I have often tryed, but as I
faid,when your buds are pretty well ibot out, you may
if- you will lay them to makethem natural as afore is
mentioned,by laying them down in the earth, or by lay-
ing them in fome pot oi earth, (7:. by inoculating, you
may have feveral varieties of Rofes grow upon one [fan-
dard or Tree, and that they may blow together, you are
to bud the fingle forts, or fuch as blow at the fame fear-
{on together , which will be a pretty ornament
in‘“ a Garden; as for the order or manner of Plant-
ingRofes, it is fomething different either according to
their nature, or at leaft according to the common prac‘tice
of Gardeners, as the Musk-role is ufually planted by
Houfe—fides, or Walls, it being apt to run high , as all‘o
by its warm fcitnation it continues the longer in its flow-
ring,it being naturallya la'te flowering Rofe, Red Rofes
are {ometimes planted one two or three Plants together
on borders, amongfi other [mail fiandards of 'Goofe-
berriesj Corans,(9’c. but molt commonly by them-
fclves on borders either in one two or three rows on a
border; the Frankford, as alfo the White Rofe, beg
caufe apt to fpread and run high, is very fit to Plant a-
bout Arbors, (9:. the double yellow Rofe, which bring-
eth the chefl' Rofes to perfection of any fort thatI
know of, dorh bePt againii a Wall, or Houfe-fide ra-
ther, where it hath the advantage of an Eves over it {for
in fuch a fcituation I have obierved it to bring molt Ro-
fes to perfeéiion. The monthly Rofe fo call’d, becaufe
of its plentiful bearing of Roles for four or five, {ome-
times fix months together, when it is norover much
pincht with drowth; the belt way is to have of them in
divers fcituations, efpecially where they may have
warmthand moifiure, and then you may have the plea-
fure

     

 

 

' -‘ i 4 (furniture. 73 '
» ifure of them near the matter as I‘ {aid u, but if
you find them too luxuribus, it wi‘l be your belt way
to top fome of the branches pretty forward if you find
they do not knit for Roles, where they are in an indiffe-
rent or midling temper as to the growing or thriving,
there they flower molt ; generally all forts of
Roles are and may be planted in fiandards on bor-
ders or orhetwife , as every one likes belt; Damask
Role: are planted after leveral~fafltions, fometimes i-n
fafltion of an hedge, fometimes in handfome flan:
dards kept flaked up, fometimes by Paleafides,
fometimes amongft other flandards of Goofeberries and
'Currans , on borders,by Walk fide‘s, or otherwife; but
if you have refpeé‘t to the comely and orderly growing
of your Roles, you mutt keep them ty’d up every one
to a (trait flake, not {offering above one or two flandards
froma root, and keeping them clean from fuccors, and
‘cut in handfome order in foon as they have done bear-
ing, and again before Winter if occafion ferve; but
where the profit of the Rofes is more defired than the
'compleat order or handfomenefs,there you may fuller
two or three main fiandards froma root, only cutting the
tops of them once a year, any time from the time they
have done bearing until February; alfo you are to take
up all fuch fuckers as run too extravagantly abour,
which you may Plant in Other places as occafion "{erves,
Eonly referring here and there one,as a fuplpy in cafe any
of your {lgzadards grow old and do not bear {0 well or
to fair Roier as formerly, the which you may cut away
and maintamahe young in its room, and {o fave a new
planting; but in cafe your Rofes be of any long {landing
and decay through the poverty of the ground, then you
are to new dig your borders, and (apply them withfome
very rotten dun or good earth, and newcut fuch, roors
as you meet wrth in your dligging, not forgetting to cut
' out

 

“V n .1 a: ;W_?lr. 6‘

out all the dead and decayed branches, maintaining only
whatgis likely and thriving 3 this thorow digging and re-
newingmght to be done any time in the Winter, until
~ the end of February: Take norice, that Damask Rofes
efpecially require a free and open air, the want whereof
is the reaion why they bear ro better in and very.near
London, only Province Rofes do very well, neither do
Damask Roles bear very well in clofe grounds much
over-hung with Trees” although in'the Country; the
feafon for curring your Rol’es is as Ifziid, {o foon as- they
have done bearing, or any time to the end of Frbmary,
and of fome only in {ome oi the twelve days, and {ome
only in Feémary, but who {0 cuts in any of the other
feafons (hall not err init; they thatcut in Feémarkdo it
that their Rofes may notbe too forward and apt to bc
. {poiled by Profl, bat I believe there is more Rofes fpoil-
ed by drowrh than by Froflgknow alfo, that Rofes will
_ admit tobe cut pretty near without any prejudice to
their bearing, and they will bear pretty well where they
are not cut at all,if any can abide their cumberfome and
unhandfome growinO.

Now the means whereby Rofes do often. Flower out
oftheir natural feafon(befidts that Rofe which is call’d
the monthly Rofe, which as I {aid before will be bud.
ing and bearing from the time that Other Rofes blow,
Until the Winter, if drowrh or very cold weather hinder
hot, the which to prevent, fome have ufed Glafl‘cs on
phrpofe to hang over the flowers when the weather
grows very cold, whereby their Roies have continued
the longer in their flowering) one means May is by top-5
, ing or cutting your Rofe treesa little before they
blow, or in the time of their blowmg; as‘alfo foon after
they have done blowing, and then if too much drowth.
do not hinder, but rather warm and moifl weather, you
ihall hardly fail of having Rofes abour Mirbaelma

fixing,

           

't‘

_ “‘1 b2 flnghjb (fit? mar. , a ,
_fpring-, but ufually the White-roles of two or three forts
do feldom mifs if mach fpringing or warm and moift
weather hit in; there is. a {mall White-rofe call’d Relic
PimpimI/a, or the BurnetJeaved-rofe , which is very
frequent in flowering twice a year, if as I faid the later
fpring prove not too dry, alfo by late lanting if they be
hearing Plants they will flower the ame year, but late;
but remember as I faid,they are furthered by moifl wea-
ther 5 alfo when they are hindered in their natural feaa
{on by reafon of drowth, then they will flower towards
the declining of the year when fpring weather hits in,
alfo you may have Rofes flower late by inoculating very
early, as I faid before, concerning the monthly Rofe, but
I have had orher Rofes do the like, being budded in
L/Ipril; I have fometimes budded in March,but the bud
was of the former years growth, and did blow pretty
timely the fame Summer, indeed it was upon a monthly
Rofe that flood very warm, (0 that the fap did flir pretty
well; the {eafon for planting of Rofes is any time from
the fall of the Leaf to the end of February: Take norice,
that it is often very feafonable to remove and Plant fome
forts of rofes,even when fome others are in their Pride of
floweringas the monthly & Musk-rofes,& fome Others;
therefore for fuch it will be bell to flay until it be more
feafonable to deal with them,but in cafe you cannot , or
will nor wait for a better feafon, then your belt way is to
t0p them pretty near, and Plant them as fpeedily as ou .
can, not fufl'ering either wind or Sun to come to t~-eir
roots, for you mutt know thata Tree taken up whilfl
the fap is flirring, will take more hurt in one hour , then
one feafonably taken up will in two or three days or
more above ground.

K: I. 0f

 

 

t ngupigm r
of Goofe- berries.

\ ' Cole-berries are increale'd either by‘ fuckers.

fpringing from the roots of the old, or by layers,
or ’m_0ulding them up, or by branches or ihoots cut of}?
and fer, they will grow l‘tkewife of the Seeds being (own-
as (con as they, be full ripe,,the feeds are to be taken our.
and wafhed or otherwile, butit is a- needlefs practice
being they are foapt to be increafed, otherwife the or-
der of planting them is 2151 {aid of Roles, in fiandar‘ds.
on borders at four or five foot difiance, either more or
lefs as every, one liketh, either of themfelves,or mixed
with other fiandards of like growth, the fuckers are to.
be taken from the roots every Winter at leafi, only re-
ferving one or two where occafion requires, as 3 {apply
in cafe the Motheroplant grows old or decays either in;
hearing or goodnefs of fruit, it will be worth the while-
once a year to trim them and cut out the dead or old de.
cayingbranches, or other under and unprofitable fhoots,
by which means your fruit will be fair and good; they.-
are fometimes planted in form of an hedge, but then you-
cannOt expect either fo much or {0 good fruit..The feafon
for planting and increafing is from the fall of the leaf, to
the rifing of the fap again, thereis at leaft {even or eight
forts good.

 

‘W

bf Carram._

a Hat is {aid of Goofeberries, may in every re?

{pee}: be {aid and performed of Crurans, only

take notice that the White Curran doth bear more con;

Rant and better againlt a Wall or Pale, then in flan-‘
dardsx although they hair": but lit-tie Sanger the mos.

s 3“?"

‘ =zv-‘ari2-mewszemem
the better both for earlinefs and good nefs of talle.

 

 

 

Of‘ Ra/ta- 6min.

Hey are planted after the manner of Red-roles,
either two or three rows on aborder, either inthe.

Sun or Grade ; yet as I laid before, the Sun gives a more
pleafant relifh to any _fru1t than the ihade, alfo the bet-
ter the ground, the fairer and more plentiful Will your.
fruit be; they are increafed of fuckers, which fpring from
the Elder Plants, they ufually bear the fame year they
are phatcd,if drowth or too late planting hinder not,the
confiant order is, that what bears this year, dies after
hearing, and what fprings new this year bears the nexr;
as for cutting of them, you need cut no more of them
than to make them grow a little handfome , and it
may be the fruit will be the fairer; cutting too:
low, walls fome fruit you might have had, and your
Plants never the work,“ you love to be neat , you may
cut or break out all the dead {talks from amongfl the li-
Vin-g . the dead of the Winter is belt to do it in, the (ea-

3

- fon for, planting is the fame with Goofe-berries' and Curt.
rans.

 

Offifbirds, and Barbuda: or Pipriges.

'Set them together becaufe their increafe, orderfiof
planting and Husbandry is a like, they are, increafed

or fuckers, which they dobring forthin-great plenty,

- the which thould be diligently taken evernyinter at
f leaft, having a care nor taperiihthe old, roor, only
i leaving moor three principal .Randards for bearing-,the

torder of planting” isin {trait ranges aboutfonrgor five:
_ "061}:

W mangmgmwm

foot afunder or more, and fometimes
, They maylbe‘tncrea- thicker, either on the out-{ides of, Or-
gfitiyaffmngf‘ggfi chards or Otherwife, they are-{ome-
times planted of {hort fets, fometimes
of a taller fiature as every one liketh,
or can procure, and as the old Trees decay, you are to
nurfe up one or'two young ones from a root to fupply
in the place of the old, and fo fave a new planting, the
red Filbirds are accounted the belt, theifeafon'isfrom
the fall of the Leaf, to the end of February, but gene-
rally the head of the feafon is bell and furefl, {till re-
member that in all planting of Trees'or ihrubs, the room
are to be topt or pruned, and the head likewife as need
requireth little or much.

 

. legs.

" Reincreafed by cuttings or branches, alfo by fuck-

ers or by layers, they are to be planted againft
a houie or wall, (9'5. where they may have fome con-
venient Sun to ripen them, the feafon is the fame with
the lore-mentioned forts of fruit; there isthree very
good forts,they are to be tack’d againfl a Wall as Pea;
ches,¢9-c. but prune no more then needs mull.

 

-.___

 

Walnuts.

Hey are only increafed by fetting of the Nuts,‘ the

which are to be fer any time in the Winter,_ but

the Patel! and belt way is to keep your nuts in tome

mould in {ome convenient place, not too dry, andtheu ‘

fometime in February, 'by which time-they may begin to °

fp'tte for root; yen are to let them in {ome-gooo ground;
' no

" ’ ' - 3‘1 Hi? Bngltjb gardener. “ 79
not too hot and dry; fet them about half afoot afunder
or thereabout, and after a year or two growth you may
take themup and cut the top or down-tight mm, and
plant them in {ome thinner order, where they may grow
until they be of fuflicient gromh or fiature to be plant-
ed where they may continuetobear fruit, fome in {et-
ting the nuts, and alfoin planting of young Trees, ufe to
put :1 Tile or fome fuch thing to prevent its top or down
right root; the truth is, that although the top root be
cut, yet many of them will gather the like root again,
therefore it will be your befi way only to t0p the ends of
each root a little, and to {pread them what you can in
bredth, and as (hallow as you may conveniently, for it
is the top root,& the want of fuflicient {hallow fpreading
root that isthe caufe why they are {0 long before they
bear fruit ,.there are divers forts of Walnuts, butthofe
that are largeft and thinefi {hell'd are beflfafter they are
of convenient growrh, they may be inoculated as well
as other fruit, the which will occafion your Trees to
bear fruit lomething the fooner ; the feafon to plant them
is the fame with other Fruit trees.

 

 

C beffiuts.

Heir increafe and Husbandry is the fame with

V‘Jalnuts, trany odds be, the Chefnuts are a lit-

tle the tenderer; I have fist of the nuts in Ware/7, and

they have grown very well, but ifkept in earth as l {aid
of Walnuts, it is the befi way,

There is anOther fort more choice or rare , cali'd

, the Horfe-Cheinut’ , and is increafed as the ordinary

fort,b0th of nuts,and by laying. .
i , Quizz-

gym“. I I .

Re increafed both of‘Snclters, layers, or branches,
,. and they may be Grafted and Inoculated as Other
truit, although but feldom practifed, but will come to
bear the fooner, for they are generally very bad hear--
ing fruit in mail places, but for the molt part they bear
belt where they have a moilt fcituation, as near a fink,
{91. there are divers forts.

 

 

LMullverries.

‘ Re chiefly increafed by laying o‘r moulding up con-
. venient branches, fomerimes they will grow be:
ing tet of banches or flips; all'o they willgrow of the
feed, when the berries are ripe they are to be bruifedin
your hands and walh’d, and being dryed, you are to low
them either on beds made very good, and covered about —
an inch thick with fine mould, or you may {ow them in
[pots or boxes, in fome temperate fcituation, and after a
"year, or rather two years grOWth, you may take them up,
prune their roots, and plant them in fome thinner order;
they are to be {own in September, at which time they are
full ripe ; the feafon for planting them is the fame with
other Trees that lhed theit leaves.

 

“—w~‘——~—--.<i__._— . ~
_. "‘ M“

 

Carnelian Plum or Cherry.

5 increafed by ltying , fometimes they will grow"
of flips or branches , alfo of the (tones, but they
will fometimes lie two years before they fpring out of
the ground. . . '
. . Mtdlar:

3‘

 

Mallar- Trees.

Re increafedonl Jay; .Grgftiqgs.¢ifiher pm}the*~P§iarw -
_ flock,which is 66, or on Qgince-flocksjalfd on ‘
me Whitabufh or Hawthorn, it is not; worth the 'whife

- to few the Seeds or Kerneisr. ;,
Service-trees ate-plentflu‘l in-‘divers Woodé:

 

 

_ A .. <v4~ - nun-.nn

The Linau-Lialfli-Twar firbdfihbhfill oinclude,’ -

.. - fomfimes by fining thefiipsoa Max:165; «my will
,grxswpf mgkcd {QWEaflbQBC-fihc mngh of. WW6", I
hmxftmmmzflmgwdm Wtfifiafim cam; quof

Swisflaflagg Mm: thatmeyflw maze.“ get. .8219: :fccd.

whiéchMcedés may Wifiakwfl WWW iwfitr
rm‘raanm 9f asMuAbm- .fesd is“ :0 hem whichd

xeflion I refer you.

5 increafcd chiefly by Iaying’down the branches, and

 

’ ~.-....,.._,.n‘.-.,

7'11: Names of‘fé'v'cml-Trm fitflnaflmtréy 01”‘W38‘M~fid¢1,'
' . ,W.M,7£7Wi/€. » .

Alnuts.
‘fitxefixum
f Scrvice-trees.
Black-0y honey Cherrics, ‘
.Line-tree. ’ , .
: Siccamores.
wivdvtre'cs.’ - '
'Elm-trccs.
rthrr-y- page. . .
’ {alberrics. .. y
' . - . ’ . “he

'9

 

.Aplale'and
Peamrces
Oak-trees.
The Abcal- tree,if the ground be-moil‘r.
White Poplar and willow, ifaear water..

There are fcvcral other forts of Trees that are fit for
l the aforefaid purpofe; as Fir-tree, wild Pine-trees, (Tc.

but let the mentioning of there {uflice atprefent.

} that bear hard lafiing‘ fruit.

~v~_._—-

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Here follow: a Caulsguc of diver: [am of Fruit, which I.
lid of my very Low/mg friend Captain Garrle , dwelling
at the Great Nurfcr} batman Spittle- fields and White—
Chappel, 4 wry Eminent and Ingeniota Nerfery—mw, a
who unfurm/b-anj tlm dcfiml), will: an} of 1/1: fort:

hereafter mentioned; 4-: 41/0 with divers other rare and.-
clmcc Plants. -

' White-heart.
7.11: mum: ofdwm for" of Spanlfli-white.

C . mm. Carnation.
Great bearingror great

He May}. Murry,

Early- flanders. Agriote, or Murello.
Duke. Tradeskants.
Flanders. Spanifh, or Black-flan-
Luke-waxdsi . ers.
Black Orleance. ' Flanders Clufier,
Heartlip. Prince—Royal, or Greatfin.
Curran or Bleeding-heart. flanders. -
Greatblacbhcarts Doublelloffom, of two»
Pied-hem," forts.

Enslifl?‘
‘ i

 

Englifh Ciliegibe‘rry11n, as
big as an indifferent Ap-

ple.

Portia ale
Come ion.
Amber. _
Moroccow 1, or
cow.

V‘Moref—

 

 

 

111mm“: ofl dizm [am of

Irabilons, Red and
, white .
1 Primordians.
The Amber.-
Rcd. '
Blew.
Moroccow.
Violet.

Fardigon

Black and White.
Matchlefs
Muffel. °

Black.

White.

Red.

Turky. 1
Amber.

Pruneola.

White and black.
Dare red and white.
Bona Magma;

 

 

 

Ordinary,
' L 3

Or Spgmifh plum.
Imperial. .
Verdocha;
Hungarian.
Green-0y fierly
Ormge.
Marble plum.
Pear- plums.
Black.
W hire
Pe1cod,1wo or three forts.
Buriin.
Dam:1ccns two or three

Qourcen- “mother
Cofferers.
Prune-damfon.
Padngon, or Damaskens.
Dem1 1e

K1Hg3.

- Queens.

Chrifiiaaor nutmeg.
VVhite-bully’s.
Damfon,

._..

 

E
1/): name: offwéral [am of

prim/:5.

He Algerpr civet,
Mafcuime.

Oringc

Roman.

The 1‘

l [he groaflunky.

l‘ Mitre:
134106 390'

The name: of Manama- Superintendent,

71/”;

Awnf.
Painted-.-
Murry.
Roman red
Bafiard- red.
Scamp--
Ruffct.
rGgeetho/fons

"' -"'*M~ A

Yellow comes c can‘ from

the (tone.
Garles chtoml.
VVlaice Ncétorln '

it ”Pitts

l and1s red at the (lone. '
~ lB: ll- chevmis. . '

: Rumbu
1 Smitm.

lllon. .

l 1 ' -
l Peach pcccan: excellest.:
)

~ ‘ 1 C130.
lWl ice
'l bBlOan-
- Black—

l

 

T17: 7mm: of divers fem bf Vuona.
lColeraine
lArundel.
NUtmeabothwlmeand M3 llecotonc

P146555.

Perfim.
Murellow. -“-

-' "fif‘ '
Modeim,
Orleancc.
Savoy.
Nwarr.
Magdalen.
Alburge
Newington.
Bellowes or bellls.
Musk Violet , or

lDelog.
Double

me; {let
monfer
each

lGrand- Carnation.
Pomngale.

blofio 211..

Pgllllnd- Nlan,

Queens,

, Grand-Duke,

‘ Brgnxl.

l
E :T be 2mm: offimc fort; of
l

lem O‘All

rapes .

4M6.
egant

r

 
      

{4.3” .’.‘Z- .,-

.A. $W§W3WW W‘W '1

Wfiit‘é ‘

  

White-mifthdfiiee‘“ .
Red mnfcaidine‘.~
Parfley leav'd

' White Curran- grape: .
Blew. fro‘mignate of Mufé

‘-. care.
iRayfon-grape. *-
Great-burlate.

Figs. ‘

Lew (panilh.
Great bl cw.
V» hire.
Fig of Marcélle‘s.‘
The little ycllmv.
'1 he igwny fig. ~

412p 2’; 5 .'

I) lp"ins.

G: cat gol ing.
mush-g aiding, (r Bg'y.
ford.b
Kemifii. . - i
Kir:2n. -
Rufltt,
Green.
V’thizc

\

 

R0
Black Curran-"gape with3 Carlile.
ou tfioncs. talis:

Whiie frontignate or Mull-
R

 

Musk. "3 -'
Caimel
man.

F1 ench.

W .11: cr lifling.
Summer pipptii.“
BlJCl-K pippin.
enets.

Golding,

Lincoln ih‘rc'.‘
Roller.
Kcntifli-rcn. '
Rufl‘etings.
Goulding.
Blandxil,

Pear.

Redizufl'c‘t.
Haam fuller,
Hix'vfe.
floyal—pcarmiing ,
\Nini‘er,
fiummcr- pelrzmina ,

 

 

prefervmg"'bell 6-3
Hbollacnd, or Dutch. 3

 

Royal Apple.

' Qeeninrss.
U

VVhiLe.
Red.

{ .Baflard.
3 Genetings.

Margepap‘p e; 3*
amgufliqnw’ ' ’ - .,
Pomc-Wateri.“ '4‘ 3' :
Mary—

 

Marygold-l’colcen.
VVinteréfloken. ‘
Sage apple.
Rofe- -apple.
Flower of Kent.
VVinter-braudin.
Davy apple. ‘
Davy gentile.
Old-wife
Gaunt- apple.
French-bovillion.
Kentifh-Codling.
Henretta-Marya.
Kitchen-apple.
Gilly flower.
Powel- ”apple
Pigs- -fnout

Rich- -pomorom.
White- Collard.
‘Gray.

Red collard.
Black-apple.

Violet.

Sir Mic/u Stmvps- ap-
.p e. 4"?

Pome ray.

Cotton apple.

Seek no farther.

Angels-bit.

Mrs. Clems- “apple.

Boulton- greening.

Dutchzcapaa‘pple.

l John-apple. I;

Oringe—apple.
Lordln.

C ider-apple.
Elliot apple.
Genet- mOy 1e.
Red-fireak.
Red-reed-flreak.

Rimatin, or Primitive.

pear.
l Early-chifell.
Brunfwick.
Carval.
Geneting- peat.
Green-chifell.
Margot.
Pear- twice.
Sand-pear.
Okcnbury, or Green-wind:
for.

Winfor.

Sliper.
RufTet-katherine.
Yell’ow-katherine.
King okQIherine.
W inter-katherine.

. Burgamots.

The Oringc.
. Summer.
Winter.

 

Hamdens.

Bdrj

Tb: mm: of dim“ firm 6;“
PM”.

 

figfimww- ,1 . .-

   

“ Bugaboo debugé.

Soveraignepear. .
Summerboncrcuen.
VVimer-boncretieq.
Yellow—bonCreeien.
VVinter—windfor.
Blra-de-roy.
Great-bum,
Gray-bum.
Double-headed.
Dionere.
Double-bloflbm;
Mater-John.
L‘cwis.
Bifhops-Cenfer.’
Pound-pear.
Chefier.
VVinter-musk.
Portingale.
Diego.

Doves. .
Malbone,
Colvale.
Greenfield.
VVinter greenfield
Slippei—pear.
Norwich.

Swallowbptjarq

V Roialexit.

‘ Lyfumber.

 

 

Ladies-buttock.
Sugar.
None-(nah.
Emperors.
Painted- pear.
French-wardens.
Spanifh-warden.
Englifh-warden.

Creamed-warden.

Par/zinfom—ward en.
VVintcr.musk.
Sweet- William.
Violet.

Lordin,
Bifhops-tongues.
RufTet-poperin.
Grecn-popcrin.
Great-poperin.
Black pear of War/hr; 1
Sherbone-pear,
Comic- pear.

Mrs; (firm, pear.
Colleraihaw.
Amadat.
Deadman pear; V
Mullibufh pear.
Di

g Y.
~ Mompelicrfi great VVI'né‘

ter pear.
Bareland.
Bur ning pear;
Gillyaflower. .

do.

 

 

Long eveb
, Gar.

inter-v 311M
gall? fpaun. ‘

   
        

‘;  'R0: 3 pear.
’ Quin

Apple-Pwmfik‘ "

 

- Pear- at
Purgin. - Blfblfi'y. tm I ‘5‘
Bell bone. Edgllfhf
Quince.‘ a
.,.. mu-.-» - - W .

 

.5-.. -.;.-» 5 n...-k..-
_ .7-.— . W a wwxwa—va‘

”106“"1: ugly]: gardener. 151“ “ '

       
  

 
 
 
     

- ‘\ ~ .. s ~ -.
‘ ‘ «~'\ \ " .x ,- /
\ \ 51‘s , 'V , 7‘ ( I it ‘ l
“(lg 3"); A? ivf’k ?( K.) .
/ {as ' 7 * \z 'r \

x \'

  

I
u , \
v ‘3‘“. -- r \

   

  
     

     
 
 
 
 

 

 
 

0f the Ordering of the

KITCHIN GARDEN-

 

11nd fir/Z of the Sowing ofPeafi.

Ake norice that theearliefi forts are for the mofl:
I part as hardy, if not more hardy, than the mofl:
ordinary Field-Peafe ; they are {own after the
manner of Field-Peafemr, which is mofl futable to our
purpofe, having only a defign of laying dOWn rules or
. direétions proper to Gardening 5 you are to dig your
ground,or if it be much, and lye convenient, you may
Plough it very well and harrow it, and then you may, as -
fome do, witha kind of a Plough called a Drill (as I
think) and one Horfe to draw it, make feveral trenches
or gutters about a foot and a half afunder, or lefs if the
round be not very rich, and about three inches deep,
in the which you may {ow your Peafe, covering them
with a Rake. I fuppofe a quart ofcrdinary white Pgafe
' may {ow about a Pole of Ground, or if you foqpea {e in
forne fmaliquantity, as ina private Garden, it will be
your belt and handfomeflway to range a line or two,and
with the corner of a Howe to make your trayles or gut-
ters about fuch a diflance as aforefaid 5 the reafon of this
A a order

W 18‘: ‘1 th‘lmgwmtm
- 7 order is, that you may the better go between them to ‘2»
gather your Peafe without treading "onflthem; SIR; you '
may, obfervingvthis order, go between and cut up the
weeds, and mould‘up yourPeafe-with a Howe- as occafi. '
on ferves; you are to be carelul' that {yew-cover yOur
Peafe very well, and avoid {cattering of any ‘befi'des, left
it occafion the Mice to fearch further, and meet with '
your Peafe; know alfo that you are to fow your Peafe
{omething' thicker, when they are toundergo the hazards
ofa Winter, then you need when you {ow them in the‘
Spring. After the fame fa‘fliion you are to few Rounce-
lal Peafe,‘but a great deal thinner, and the {paces wider,
becaufe they grow a great deal larger, efpecially the,
Great Ma le; alfo they mull be well fluck with flicks ,
of a good ength, efpecially if the ground be very good,
or that they grow under or near high trees or hedges,
which will caufe them to run up the higher 3 two rows of
flicks may ferve-for three rows of Peafe,incline the heads
of your flicks inward towards one another, that you may
the better pafs amongfi them 5 if they be not Ruck well
they will not bare [0 well, and will be apt to rot,efpecial-
ly if the weather {hould prove very moifl when they are ,
well grown 5 and indeed Other forts of Peal‘e, iffown on
'very rich ground,or in clofe places amongfi Trees,onght '
to be fiuck ; take notice that indifferent thin {owing and
good {ticking are very necefiary means to have good :3
. Crops oi Peafe in fuch {cituations: Some obierve in ’1
{mall Garden-ground, tofet the Rounceial Peafe about '.
three or four inches afunder, making three rows on a 1‘
yen-y wide bed, and flick them well, and if you fet or {ow
your Peafe fomthing too thick, then you may (when the ‘
danger of mifcarriage by hard weather, «Sac. be pail) take
up what you think will be too many to {land in that
place, and fetthem in {ome other, and they will doas
well as thofe that remain unremoved, only water them;
i ’ . at:

, i
m

W ' memngrdener :5";

at their Grit Planting 5 take notice that thofe Peafe you
{ow very early,require a pretty warm icituation, and ra- '
ther dry than moiit, alio forget not after they are about
three or four inches high, to dab up the mold a little ‘to
your Peafe on each tide of them with a Howe, cutting
upthe weeds likewife, if any be amongi’t them. Know
’ alio [hut it is not convenient to beitow either dung or
foil on your Peai'e ground, except it be very poor, not
only in refpeé’t of your Peafe,which will ripen foonefl on
an indifferent midling ground, but in regard of the Crop
of Turnips which you may have after your Peafe are ripe
and gone, which are belt and fweetei’t when they grow
on a ground not very rich or forc’t with dung. The [en-
fon to {ow your Pesfe is about “Mal/amide, either a
little before or a little after for the forwarded. And like-
Wife from Feémar} until the end of “[711, iometimes in
May, if of a veryquick kind, as Hot-{puts or the like, the
which forts being (own in the Spring on an indifferent
rotmd,I mean n0t too rich, not very poor, may bring
Peafcods fit to gather in eight or nine weeks, if excefs
of wet hinder not, or the ground is not of a cold or wet
nature. - -
Beam are to be fet abouta foor or fomewhat more
afunder every way, efpeciaily if the ground be rich, or
, much over-fliadowed with trees or high hedges, or they
ma be {own or {et in the form as Peafe in trayles or gut-
ters, allowing about a foot and a half between each row,
; and fetting your Beans about halfa foot afunder,be care-
:ful to cover them well, left the Mice difappoint you of
ipatt of your crop; be careful to keep your ground clean
from weeds amongi’c your Beans with a good (harp Howe,
sas oft as occafion requires, Some top their Beans whilit
:they are very young, as about half a foot high, the which
i may occafion them to branch the better, and [0 yield the
more profit 5 but where this good husbandry is ufed,
I ' A 3 2 ypuf

W”, ,-

‘13:} we! vEngfl/Irfgaimr;
your Beans muft not be let too thick or near together. ,
Others do not top their Beans until they be about two :
foot high or more, to the end their Beans may ripen the v

better together, that {0 they may have their cmp off in
good time, that they may {ow their ground with turnips,
others (0 foon as they have 'the chiefefl of their crop on,
do cut their Bean-fialks within a little of the ground,
which often occafions a new crop from the fame Beans.
The feafon for fetting Beans, is from grammar to the
end of May, but mofi commonly in February and March
in private gardens, there is but few Sets in December and
{fan/W}, except the weather be very mild.

 

 

 

 

 

 

0f 1/]: Sorting of Inf/rip: and Carrots, é'c.

Irfl, you are to take care that your ground he com-~
petently rich or hearty for the purpofe, ifnot, to

 
 
  

befiow {ome dung or foil. thereon, that {0 you may not .;
dig and few to no purpofe; if your ground be of a {riff '

or Cloungy nature, it will be your beft way to trench it
“at leal’t a (pit, a pairing and a (hovelling; {o likewife if
it be weedy and fowre, and in your trenching to lay your
ground in ridges, it will mellow and fweeten the better.

(
E

The order or manner is,fir[t to make a trench(where you r

are to begin to dig) about two foor wide or more, and
of what length you think fit, and {0 to obferve a con-

fiant order both for breadth and depth, and then where ‘

the next trench is to be, firlt pate in the weeds or upper

part of the ground only the breadth your trench is to be, i
and fling it into the bottom of your firfl trench, and then '

dig and turn your fpits, filling up your former tre'nch,
and after {hovel up the crums and lay them on the top,
and fo continue aconllant order until you have trench’d

 

1

what you will; ifyou fee caufe, and your ground-wilt 45

bearj

' Y fiiflnglijla gardener. 13? WW

hear it, you may dig your ground two {pit deep, and
then in the Spring, when you are to fow your ground, ‘
you are to level it, digging it about half a {pit deep or
lefs,rather than turn up any weeds,&c. Some do only
dig their ground in the winter but fingle (pit, and then
when they flit it in the Spring to (ow, they are apt to
turn the weeds or top of their ground up again, which
caufeth the weeds to multiply and fpring up before their
Crop; but if your ground he mellow and for ordinary
ufes, you may only pare the weeds clean, and lo let it
tell until the Spring,and then dig it when you are to fow
it, only if need require, you may l‘pread your dung on it,
and let it lye all the winter; but they that have much
ground to dig and (ow, find a great convenience in tren-
ching and making as much ground ready againfl the
Spring as may be, befides the benefit of mellowing and
fweetning it. Another thingtI would have you take no.
tice of, and that is,that you do not low one‘fort,of Crop
too often upon one and the fame piece of ground, but
.fow it with changable Crops, efpecially Parfnips-and
Carrots,the which being fown too often without change,
will be apt to canker, rot, or be very apt to be worm-
eaten, although the ground be maintained very rich. I
do not { peak this of the great Gai'dengrounds in or near
London, where their grounds are in a manner made new
and frelh once in two or three years, by dung and foil,
and good trenching ; [0 that their-ground is as it were
new and frefli for one and the fame kind of Crops every
year. Again, if the ground be Green-fwoard ground,
your care mufi be to take but thin fpits,and,cut or break
it well,e{pecially if you intend it for Roots the fa me year,
or you may oblerve a kind of trenching, by paring the
fwoard into the trench, and fo digging your ground in
order with thin {pits, ifit be ofa {tiff nature, it will be
your belt way to let it have the benefit of the Winter
~ A a 3, \ro :

 

Frail to mellow or {weeten it, and it Will likewii'e work
the better whenoyolu come to few it; you are to confi-
der ofwhat nature and temper ground is, for there are
‘fome forts that are ofa kind of fiifi‘ or cloungy nature,
and will nor fall l‘mooth and handfome under the Rake,
except it hath lain three or four dayes after the digging,
for inch grounds you mui’t defer your {owing until you
find your ground will rake ; and {0 on the contraryfome
grounds will bake and lye ruflil they be not {own quick-
ly after it is digged; but in all grannds it is befl to fow
rather in a dry time-than in a moifl, if it be ralted or trod
inawet time, they will be apt to bake or bind,‘{o as
your Seed cannot get out of the ground : The manner
of {owing your Parfnips, Carrots or Onions is, having
prepared your ground, you are if it be to be {own in
great quarters, and not trod into Beds, firfi with a Howe,
or any other convenient thing, to mark or trace it out in-
to feveral flips oeraces, of {uch a breadth as you think
fit for your _ lowing, whether brand call or otherwil'e,
your traces is a rule to you that you may fow your ground
in order and mils none, neither {ow any twice, which is
apt to be done when one {owes by guefs. Sow your
Seed as equal as you can, but be careful you do not {ow
too thick,but yet better a little too thick than too thin,
for you may help too thick when you cannor add where
any is wanting: and then you are to rake it only fo as to
cover your Seed, the which twice in a place may be {ufli'
cient, that is, once from you, and lightly back again in
the fame place; but if you do bei’tow more raking, you
are to do it to lightly as not to uncover your Seed again,
but it your ground he fandy,ot other very light ground,
it will not be your worlt way to tread it all over, leaving
a very little diflance between every footing, and by [0
doing,you may both cover your Seed better, and make
your work the handlomer, they that {ow a great deal,

may

 

p,

  

r” ’ "W31 mgmu ydrderirr. ‘ " 1‘ .~ .
may in the head of raking it by hand, harrow in their '
feed, but if you love to [re your work lie very level and
fmoorh,be careful to level .well before you fow, ,er by
endeavouring to bring that to pars afterwards, you rake
your Seeds in heaps. You are in cafe your ground be of
a Cloungy or fiiflnature, to break the clods with more
labour and diligencefiefl if it lye over rufflyou bury your
Seed, or be more troubled to rake your ground when
it is l‘own, they that have but a'little to low, and it be of
fuch a nature as it will notrake, they mull cover their-
Seed by {pitlingit in witha Spade; it islikewife a fure
and good Way to fpittle in Seed where the ground is ve-
ry light and apt to fall fmooth, for by fpithng you may
be fure to cover your Seed well, and thereby {ave a week
or a fortnights growth, in cafe a dry feafon fliould hap-
pen upon the fowing of your Seed. You m :iy mix a 1i.-
tlc Lettice. feed with your Parlnip or Carroufeed, take
heed you do not put in too much left you do lpoil your
Roots, {or they wi l hinder very much if over man y; or
you may put a few Carrot feed amongfi your Parfnips,
and (0 on the contrary. Alfo if your ground he very
rich, you may fprinkle a few Radilh' feed amongfl your
Roots.

The Seafon for {owing your Parfnips, is either in Pea

éruary or Marcb,for it is a very hardy Seed,but yet would

nor be {own later than March, for it doth lie a prety
while in the ground before it fpring: l have known lome
fow Parfnips in the beginning of November, and {ome-
times in amber, and do very well; but from Fed/nary to

Mid—March, is a very fare and good feafon.

Carrots may be {own from Fcémary to the end of A-
prll, butif you begin inherent}, the ground ought not
to be of a cold or wet conflitution, the. middle of Marc/2
is a very {are and good feafon, The next thing ’to be

confideredis, that alter your Roors are come up about
7 . two.

i6?” aha’Ei‘zgzi/hw er,-

  

two or three inches above ground, defer not to weed
t‘netn,if foonér the“ better, for if they {hould be much
carer-grown and fianted for want of timely weeding or
fizing, they will never amount to that profie or good-
nefs which orherwife they might have done by timely
and good Husbandry, within a fhort time after they are
weeded, before they {mother one another youare to file
them,hy plucking up, or which is better, by the ufeof ' a,
(harp Howe to cut up, leaving none nearer than afigooti;
{ pan afunder or thereabout, and by performing this Huf-
bandry prety timely, borh your labour will be leis, and
your profit more 5 if your ground be very rich, you are
to ive the more difiance,becaufe the tops or blades will
be 0 rank that they will much hinder one another in
thriving in the roots. '

Onions may be fown either in February,Marc/7 or April,
for to dry,to be {pent allthe Winter after, but to ufe
green in Sallets, Sec. you may {ow from .April to the end
of AuguflLet them be timely weeded,and likewife fized,
by pulling them up where they grow too thick,that they
may be about three fingers or near a hand breadth afun-
der if you defire to have your Onions great, which they
will be, if the ground be good, and timely thinned as
aforefaid. You may {ow a few Leek- feeds amongfl them
if you defire to have them great ; and then if you defire
to improve'them further, you may take them up, and ‘
lay them prety deep, and according to their depth, they
will Wh'te and grow larger if the ground be Rich; you
may lay them when your Onions are ripe or fomeyvhat
after,you may if you will {carter a few Parlnip,€arrot,or
Radifh feeds amongfl your Onions,they will be great,and .
a few will do no hurt or hindrance to your Onions. You
~may obferve the fame order for fowing Onions, as of
other Roors, either on Beds or larger pieces of ground,
eitherfpitled in, or trod and raked, .

0/

 

ngnmyidrmner. ' I 7 W?
of Trump: and‘their‘ Ordering»; ‘

THey are ufually {own on the fame ground where
forward Peafe or Beans grew, they {pend fweet-
elt being {own on an indifferent midling ground,for being
{own either too early, or on ground very rich, they {pend
either flrong or bitter, and many of them are apt to rot ;
they prove very good, being {own on a fallow intended
for Barley, &C. The bell Seafons to fow “them in, is
from the beginning or middle of giant, to the middle of
9314/}, it is not very lure to low later 3 they are likewife
{own in Ward), ufpril, and may, for, forward {pend-
ing; but as they are ott {abject to mifcarry, being lown
{0 early, {0 on the Other hand they feldom fpend. very
Well, or ifthey do. they fail good but a little while », it
_is a ulual thing to low twice or thrice fome years before
they take,by reafon of a [mall bugc riled the Garden-flea,
and there is no remedy but patience and {owing again.
The order olfowing'is, if you plough your ground for
them, you are to harrow it once in a place before you
few, and when harrow it once or twice in a place, as need
requires, to make it lye fine and meOth, it will be the
eafier and better to Howe when the turneps come up.
They are {own either brand-call or orherwile; the quan-
tity of feed which may ferve an Acre of ground, is a
,pound and an half,but with mofl three pound is {own up-
‘on an Acre. They are to be fized as other roots, rather
wider afunder' than lefs, abouteight or nine inches is a
good‘cdnvenient fca‘mling; it is the {eafon of the year
. orthe difference ofground, which makes the difference
either in goodnefs or-badnefs of turneps-,lor as I faid, the
'too early {owing caufeth them to {pend firong or Ricky;
f0 like-wife'their b'eing‘ifowia in ground too rich, will make
them fpefid very fireng‘, and‘many5b‘oth too early fowrg
B b an

 

W“ m ““"e‘mwnewewww . .

     

. and on too rich a ground, will caufe many of them to run
down like Rapesgwhereas the fame fort of feed {own feao
fonably on an indiflerent midling gr’ound, they will both
{pend fweet,and keep to their kind as to the Grape; there
are feveral forts of turneps , and all good ; but the
red fided is generally molt accounted, for the fweetelk
and bell to fow'e'arly, but the yellow turnep {pends dry- ,
efl and firmeli; the long is the molt watry, but a good .
fweet r'oot; there are other good forts, but let this be
fuflicienr for the ordering of T urneps. sac.

of Rafi/hes, and rlm‘r ordering.

NHofo defireth to have Radifhes good and be-
times, mufl make hisground very good, Other-
wile they will be worm-eaten, and run up to feed, and
never be fit to eat. The order of preparing the ground
is as followeth; firth if youdefire to begin very timely,
as in imam and beginning of warmer}, youarc to make
choice of a warm {cituated place, and then to provide a
pretty quantity of green or new (table dung and litter to-
. gether, aceording to the quantity of ground you intend.
to fow, for if it be for the ufe of a private family, alittle
bed at atime will be fuflicienr, for they that defire to
have them all the Spring and Summer, mull be {owing
every fortnight according to their {pending : Being pro-3
vided as aforefaid, you are to trench in your dung in
{cine pretty quantity, and in fuch order, that the dung. ‘
of one trench may touch the dung of the menu, that your ‘
ground may be husbanded every where alike, as for the a
depth, you may ufe your difcretion, and as your ground
7 will bear, for if your dung be covered but half a foot
thick with mold, it may be fuflicient for the purpofe shut
if you will not be at the coil of trenching, good digging

may.

I—sf-r"'"“""‘»“ : «p :m‘ a 1-“ W "“"“ . T‘T‘W'
. r 7}): Enghfl derdener. / 17!
may ferve, laying your ground in good order, and ‘bréak.’
ing the clods as occafionrequires; and if you cannor get
new {table dung, which is belt for this purpofe, then any .
old llraw, or old calf hay, or any other dung you can get,‘
yet the lighteit is belt for trenching, and the rottenefi to
dig in an ordinary way, butif your ground be not very
good at prefentfor your purpofe, your beft and Intel}
way is, after you have trenched or digged it, to ‘ fcatter
fome very rotten dung converted to mould, or the bor-
tom of a Wood-(tack, or fome Limewubbiih of old
walls, well cleanfed from Bricks, or the like, whereby
your ground will be fit for the aforefaid purpofe, or any
the like; your ground being made ready as aforefaid,and
the feafon come, you are to [own your feed pretty thick,
either on beds or larger quarters, if on beds or borders,
your befl way is to fpittle it in, turning your hand in the
working, fo as to cover your feed, and then to (month it
over either with a take, or the back of your fpade, but if
you {ow greater qUantities, then you are, as I formerly
faid of Carrots,to tread in your feed, and then lightly to
takeit over, be careful to low and tread your ground in
a dry day left it bind.

When your Radifhes are-come up, and the dancer of
m'fcarriage by hard weather and the birds be palf, you
are to cull or thin them, that they may {land about three
fingers breadth afunder, or thereabom, which may be
fufficient for the more forwardefi fowings; but for the
more later fowings, they mutt have more diflance, be.
caufe the tops or leaves will grow more rank and large,
and will caul‘e them to neck for feed before they are
’come to any convenient fife for ufe; fo likewife if your
later fowings are near hedges, or the like, they will be
apt to run up and neck before they are good for any
thing, therefore let them have the more dillance given
t em.‘ ' '

7 B b 2 Take

 

 

. er“ "

‘ Take notice, that the more early {owings do com:

monly take better. than the midling, I mean, of Ware/2
. or April; and beeanfe then the Sun begins to have fome
power, and the ground is apt-to be dryer; but the

chief reafon is, then the Garden-fly is very brief,-which _
will defiroy or flunt them without often watering, and '
7 To more-and more till Lara; be pail except the weather '

prevent ; but incafe of dry weather, you mull ply your
Radiflres with water, and in {0 doing.‘ your Radiihts will
get flrength, and beout of the danger of the fly quick-
‘ly; alfo your care mull be to keep the Chaffinches from
your Radiibes, chiefly at the Hill: fpringing out of the
ground, for they will pull them up, and eat only- the two
firfl leaves thatpeep, whereby you may quickly loofe
your crop of Radiflies ; for prevention, youareto (hour

{ome of thofekind of Birds, and pull them, and {catter'

their heads and Feathers all about where you fow your
Seed, and {0 long as they keep freih, thofe Birds will
,not trouble you,,but be [are to flrew new Feathers as
youfee o'ccafion, until your crop be well come up, and
the leaves lpread, and then they will not meddle with
them; you may if you will, and if your ground be fufg

          

ficient haveacrop-oiCarrors or Parlnips on he fame _

ground amongfl your Radifhes, but then you mufi be
fore to cull them betimes, and give them the better dig-

fiance; as alfo-todraw them ofi‘as foon as they are tea. \

dy,leafi you fpoilyour Other crop.- Take notice, that’

although I laid, fpeakingof the preparing of your.-

ground, that half a toor thicknefs of mould might be.

ui’ficientabovethe dung for Radifhes, yet if you in- A
tend achp of Parfnips or Carrot’s amongfl them, then-r?

3

it is befivto allow an ordinary {pit deep of mouid above- .

your trencht dung ifit be very new; the {eafon tor {ow-»
ing is as l faid, from 554nm" until September , if any de—

fire to have them (0 late; but it is only the black Radifh; .

[ha I ’

  

- “The Enghfla gardener. - * 1?;
that is {own {0 late, and only of fome few for mm» or
Winter fpending: Take n0tice that Radiflae's {own-after
the midi! off”: , do not run up to Seed as the for;
ward fowings do. _ ‘

Lettice is very hardy, and may be (own as early and
as late as Radiflies, either on heads alone, or thinly
feattered amongfl orher things, as Beans, Carrots, and
if you defiteto have fome Cabbage, they mufl be lown
thin, or quickly to cull them a good diflance afunder,
and in [0 doing, you may have your defire if your kind
be right for the purpofe ; they that love them mufl:
{ow them often, becaufe the firfl; fowings will {con run
up to Seed, '

Spinage is {own both early and late, and is very har-
dy; they that defire to have it all the Summer for their ’
ufe, mui’c low it very often, for it quickly runs up to
Seed in the Spring and Summer Months, it you would
have it grow very large, then your belt way is to low it
very thin or {fray amongfl Other convenient Crops,
where it may mt fpoil other things, or on heads alone,
or trails on the edges oforher heads: it is ufually {own
about fumes-tide or Eartha/mew, tidc,to me in the winter
or Spring,and ufuaily doth not run up to Seed [‘0 foon as
thatwhichisfown earlyinrheS rin ., .

Garden Crefles and Charnil are {own very often :in
the Spring and summer Months, to ufe together as a
very acceptable Sallet to many; allb Charnil is {own
about $ameatz'de or Eartha/mm, i0 ufe in the Spring, and
of (cute it is [own oi‘t on how. heads to ufe in the Win:

r.

Corn Sallet is {own about famcstidc or fooner, , to ufe
in the Spring chiefly.

SWeet Chemil, the Seed is belt fett or {own as (con
as it is ripe, but iii-own in the Spring, it may chance to
lie in the ground until the Spring following. P ‘_

_ . 5m...

    

  

‘ ‘7 _‘ . fit 8 ’1‘“ / ’ mg. ‘
Purflane is fown in April or may, it is'fomethingl ten;
der ; they that would have it betimes muft make a , hot
head for it after the manner of aCowcumber headpr {ow
it on a Cowcumber head after the Cowcumbers are
planted out, it lovesapretty deal of water in dry wea-
ther; if you would have it grow great for to pickle, you
mull draw it up when it is about two or three inches
high, and prick it om pretty thin in good ground, keep- '
ing it moift efpecially at firfl planting opt, m’any times it
will’be as forward to cut for ufe, being {own about the 1
end of April, or beginning of May, as that which is {own
in Mid-March without a hot head, if it be helpt with of:
ten watering in cafe of dry weather. .

Alifanders is {own about Mid/”mm” or later, to be
{pent in the Spring 5 chiefly in Lent, as [con as the Seed
is ripe, is a Tfure and good time, {ow it in any by place,
althoughit be fomething ihady. .

Red beets isfown in the Spring, either {tray among&
your Onions, or other roots, or the Seed prickt out on
heads pretty thin, that they may be great to ufe for Sal-
-lets,or'to garniib Diihes: An ‘

Skerrets require a rich ground , inclinin rather to
moiflure than drouth, they are town of See very thin
amongft other things in February or March; but the {u-
refl way in ordinary grounds, is to fettthem of flips be-
ing parted as fingle as may be, and {ett on the edges of
your Onion heads, or about half a foot or more, which
is befi afunder on heads by themfelves in ground that is
good , for then they will be fit for are the Winter
and Lent following 5 if they be fet too thick, or above
one flip in a place, they will flarve one another; they
are apt to Canker, and therefore require freih and well
feafoned ground by Winter, Husbandry, Scorfonera, or
Vipers grafs; the roots are ufed by tome, as Skerers or
Parfnips, they are increafed either by {owing the Seeds,

« or

 

"'“?’ff’““"“é"1bg"wgnln WWIBHWJ WV 1W?” WW
orby parting and fetting the tops of the roots-when the ‘
roots are taken up for ufe, alfo the routs being cat or
broken into {everal pieces and fet in good ground, no:
over dry , will in {hort time yield confiderable increafe,
about eight or nine inches afunderis a convenient di-
Rance, they are held to be very cordial and excellent in
ievors , as I have had experience thereof feveral
times; the Spring is the bell ieafon, yet I have fett of
them molt times in the year with good fuccefs.

Horfe-radiih is increafed by fetting the upper part or
tops of the root, and by lprouts fpreading from the El-
der-roots, alfo by pieces of roors left In the ground ac-
cidentally, or purpofely cut or broken off fOr that pur-
pofe; they havea large feafon, even from one end of
' the year to the Other 3 chiefly the Spring, the better the
ground, the fpeedier will your profit be.

Tarragon is increafed by fetting the tops or flips, but
belland {oonefl by fprouts that run from the roots,
which it doth yield indifferent plentiful if the ground be
good; if the tops or flalks be cut down towards the
Winter, and alittle rotten dung laid on i5 it will caufe
it to {pring the lufiier and better in the Spring, when it ‘
ischiefl-y in ufeeitherof it felt, with oil and or amongft
ether Sallet-herbs: the feafon is the Spring, if you fett it
of tops or branches, keep it moifi until it be taken
root. ~
French-or Kidney-beans maybefett any time, from
the beginning of April, to the middle of May;.they are
fomething tender, therefore they that would fow them
to have them With the fit“, are to fow them on a prett
warm bed,or [0 as you may defend them in cafe of col ,
or cold ~vet weather, and when the weather is pretty
mild, they may Plant them out in ranges or rows, about .
fevenor eight inchesorlefs afunder, and about; fifteen
plants;

inches between each row, and to water them at full
planting, they are very apt to‘ grow if .the weatherbe
warm,and~when they are welltaken you may flick them
with pretty tall flicks-if the. ground be very good, two
rows of flicks to three rows of Beans, or youmay flick
a few {horter flicks-in the middle row, if you love {uch
'kinds of fruit as-this, then it-willbea very good way to
provide your {elf of that fort'of Peafe called
Sugar Peafe, which is to be drefl and eaten after the
fame manner as French Beans, and may be {own earlier,
and be fit to fpend before French Beans are ready 5 you
may {ow them in Pcémary or Mmb, and [tick them as
French-Beans: BOth thefe and French Beans being ga-l
'thered young {pend the {weeter and better,
I he gray kind I take to be the befl.
White or curled Endive, if it be fown to Still, and
that you may {age Seed oi‘it, the Spring is the feafon,
but if to white ant. ufe in Autumn and beginning of Win-
ter for Sallet, as itis mofl commonly, then your {eafon
is from the middle of arm, to the end of $141}, not much
later'on good ground, and nor very thick, that (o it
may grow the larger, and come on the quicker,and then
as you have occafion, or as the fealon requires, you may
white it any of thefe ways following ; firfi dig or trench
a piece of ground, accurding to the quantity you defire
to white, and then by a line for order and handfome-
nefs, with {ueha {tick as we ufu‘ally fet Beans make
holes, andhaving gathered the leaves of each Plant to-
gether in your hand, fet it up to the very t0p of the
leaves, and by planting it very pretty near together . you
will fave ground, and thefetting of‘one Plant will be the .
clofing oi‘the former, and fave lame labour, and by this _ .
means you may quicklyhave it for your ufe; another
way is, firfl {ow your Seed on a bed or (tray amongit o~
iher crops, and when it is grown up about a handful
high

‘ ”‘lihemgtynyaraenm 177
‘highior let's, you may Plantit in order on beds not too
thick, but'fo as it may grow large, the ground mufl be
very good for the purpofe, and when the {eabn draws
near to ufe it on a dryday, when your Plants are dry,y0u
may gather the top of each Plant together, and tie them
pretty clofe with a piece ofbafs, and in a little time the
inmofl part Of your Plant will be white and cr-ii'p, and fit
for ufegthefe ways are [are and good if too much wet do
nor fpoil and cauie it to rot, fome do white their Endive

and other forts of Sallet of like ufe by laying them in.
Sand or Earth, either within or without doors, fome by '

covering their herbs with dung or litter, which if tied up
firfl, willbe fomething better. By thele-means or fuch
like, divers forts of herbs are or maybe whited, as Sel-
lony or Smallage, Sweet Parfley, Chardones, Succory,
65c. whereby it is made more crifp and acceptable to

“WHY- ‘ ,, .
Cabbages and Colworts are fow‘n of Seed between
games-tide and Bartholomew-tide, alfo in Feéruar} and

March, but thofé {own about fumes-tide, are for the molt \

part more fare, and earlier in cabaging 5 but yet if your
Seed be of the early kind, they will come to perfection
very quick,althoughfown in the Spring. The ordering
of them is,alter they are come up about a handful high or
lefs,twhetber they were {own on Beds together,0r afliay
amongfl other Crops, as Turnips, or micblelmm Oni-
ous as they are called) they are to be drawn up and fer in
{cute thiner order, either fer or laid up, to the letting on
of theleaves, in rows, about fix inches between each
row, and about four or five inches afunder, and {o to
remain until the Spring, and then in February, March,
leril or May, you may take them up, and Plant them
in fome thinner order , where they may Cabbage 5
you mufl duzg t‘: .e ground pretty well where you Plant
them, either‘on the edges of your quarters where you
' ' ‘ . C c {ow

t h , , ‘L , 3 "it? ‘ a “we return , a, WW
I 178’ “Nae Ehg’lzfl gardener. ‘
fow your Carrots, or which is in my judgment bet.“
ter, in a quarter or piece of ground together by them.
{e-lves,aboutthre_e loot afunder or little iefs, and when
they are "pretty well grown, and .the weedsare {ome-
whar grown up amongfl them, you are with a Howe, to
cut up the weeds, and draw them up round about each
Plant with your Howe, the which will be fome advan-
tage to your Cabbages as well" as the groundathofe which
are fownin the Spring or rifing of the year, are to be
. raifed on a hor bed, or amongi‘t your earliefi {own Saller,
otherwife they will not Cabbage to any good purpofe,
except they be of the Data/2 or earliefi forts, yet this
advantage you will have by your Summer Plants, they
will continue green: and found when your Winter
Plants are periflred and gone by the Winters froft , and
their more forward growing to perfeétion; you are to
ice to your seed when; it is coming up both the early
and the later fowings,.otherwife you may lofe your la-
hour and Seed,by thofe {mall Birds call'd Chaflinches,
which will‘pull up and eat your Plants as foon as they
peep out or the ground, and all that lieth uncovered of
your Seed 3 the way of prevention is, if you {ow on a -
bed, to cover it with fome old nets which many ufe, or
elfe to (hoot,or by other means to get fome oi the afore-
faid Birds, and {catter the ground with their Feathers,
the which I have found very effectual {0 long as the Fea-
thers kept any thing freflr ; thus you are to do until your ,
Plants are pretty gole,& then they will not meddle with
them: Alfo you are,whe.n the Butter- flies begin to be
bufi-e, to‘view and over-look your Cabbages, and when
you find any of their {pawn (which are divers {mall yel- ‘
low (peeks) you are to rub them with your thumb,
and {o prevent their mifchief: and this is much eafier
audlefstroublefome, then whenthey are come to‘ ma-
entity, the which mufi be defiroy’d, otherwtle they Will
‘ ' defiroy

   

-~ - ,. ,i e _ '[W“.f[fld€mr¥ ‘- 179
deftroy. your labours and your profit together; there is
another, and a worfe mifchief incident to Cabbages hap-
pening fome years that are dry, and in fome dry grounds,
it isia {mall fly, which cafis her {pawn on Cabbages, and
makes them look asit were mouldy,_ and where they do ‘
prevail much, it doth {o Venom the Plant, that it even
Rifles them .- It is very tedious to deflroy them,but yet
taken in time, and diligently followed , they may be
mattered. Now for the Caving of their Seed, it is after
this manner, about 06106” or November, or after, when
Profis begin to be frequent and of continuance 5 you are
to take up the Cabbage you defire to fave for Seed
(which fhould be hard and well grown, an! it will be [0
much forwarder to break out for feed w hen feafon ferves;
yet fometimes lhave been forc’d to help forward by
cutting the Cabbage on the top with acrofs cut) and
then if you Will, you may wrap an old cloath , piece of
Bafs-mat, or flraw about the Root, and lay it in fome
Seller or by-Room, or hang it up until the end of Farm-p
r}, or beginning of watch, and then toPlant it in fome .
temperate place not too but and dry.~ (Some inflead of
boating, do Plant them in {ome convenient place pretty
deep, and then cover them with Earth until the Spring,
and then uncover the tops of them) you may Plant it
up to the fetting on of theleaves,and let it ref! until it
brings forth its Seed. The {terms of; good Cabbages
will bear as good Seed, as of a whole Cabbage, if you
preferve them from toting until the Spring; you mu
have a care to keep your: Cabbage (talks. of Seed
from breakingwith the wind, by bearing them up with
{takesor poles faft tied. ,, x , -‘
Colliflower-{eed is like-wife {own at the famefeafons
as Cabbages, but for the mofl part on hot;.Beds (alfo
amongf’t early Radiih, and-.betimes;in the Spring) the

magnesia t0 makea Bediofiggood. newt dung; and litter
C c a roge‘j

   

. (gm nfl‘eirEnglrfluguWW . W
together, of what length you think fit for the quantity .
of Seed you defire pro-(ow, about a foot anda half thick
may be fuflicient-mr t—wofoot5i-f-you begin very early lay
it in order,and tread it well,and cover your dung with a.
bout a hand breadthdeep of-good- mould, ma king pro.
vifion to keep your mould fromzcrumbling or fallingofl' '

' the edges of your Bed, then youare to fow your Seed
not over thick, and covering it about‘an inch deep or
lefs with fine mould, then you are to Arch your Bed all
over, that you may cover it the better from cold or wet:
weather; you mull upon all opportunities when the
air is temperate uncover them,and harden them by de-
grees, and when your Plants are about two or three
inches high, you may make another .Bed of lefs fub-y
flancethen yourvfirfi, and being of a fit temper, that is,}
as warm as the Bed from whence you are to Plant, e-
fpecially if it be very early, you are to prick them out
about three fingers breadth afunder or lefs, not forget-
ting to water them upon all occafions as need requires;

_you.are to {hadow your Plants after-new planting in
cafe of funny weather, and {0 let them grow until they
have gor {ome convenient firength, and fit to be plants
ed where they may flower 3. the ground where you are
to Plant-them ou ht to be made Rich with dung, and
thenin forne- hand ome order about twoioot afunder or:
little more-you are to fet your Plants, cut them? from off-
your Bed with mould about every Plant, and fo to-
Plant them that the ground may be low about each.
Plant, after the faihion of a Bole orBafon, the better to
hold water, being poured to-them, which they ought to'
have pretty plentiful-in cafe of dry weather ; feldom and '
fleight wateringwill caufe' them to run to flower before
they havefuflicient firength to bring forth a good or
large flower“; if you low for Winter Plants as about
yummy}? or a‘little aftergou are to make a Bed of- an~ ‘

W W 'W 'Ybé?WEfiglfl’"g&rdefiéFI W" i'ngWW

indifl‘erent temper, and when your Plantsare abour
three inches high, you are to provide a new Bed in fome
convenient warm icituated place of a good fubfiance,
the better to hold warmth a good while, laying a con-
venient coat of mouldthereon; if your Bed be made
molt of flraw indifl‘erently mixed with dung, thatit may
rather be ofa fine continued warmth then very hot, it
will be the better, and then to prick out your Plants a-
bout two or three inches afunder, according to their
largenefs or fmallnefs of growrh, and then to Arch your
Bed with poles or h00ps, and poles tied at length, that
you, may the better coveryour Bed or Beds when ex-
tream weather comes, as Frofls, Snow, or much Rain:
It will not be your belt way to cover your Plants ex:
cept at the Erik planting,in cafe of ho: ftmihine wea-
ther,only for two or three days until they are taken
new Root, and then only in the heat of the day, until
extream weather come in, and then you are carefully to
cover them, but yet to takeall the opportunities you
may to give them Air ; for you mufi know, the more
they are covered, the tenderer they will be, and [other

‘ more apt to mifcarry in cafe of negleét in extream wea.
titer: and thus you may be furnilhed with Winter
Plants,.whereby you may fave Seed if- your kind be"
good, and befure to have good forward Colliflowers,.
if your ground be not wanting in Richnefs and come:-
nient moiflure, if when you Plant them at large, you
do not cut them ofl‘your Bed with mold about the root,
they will be apt to fiant, and then. the Garden-fly will
be apt to take them, and very much hinder them, with-
out watering and ihadowing of them for {cure time from
the Sun, help them forward again.

Hartichoaks are raifed or increafed‘ chiefly by the flips:
of Plants, either in Marc/2, April, or fometimes in May, -
according as the Winter or their Husbandry hath fa;

V0056 .

,—

'voured them, lome do Plant in September, and with di.
ligent covering in Winter may fucceed; but the lure
feafon is the rifing of the year, the ordering of themis
. as followeth :' the ground whereou you Plant your Har-
tichoaks ought to be very good, or at leafl made ('0 by
trenching or digging in good [lore of dung, and thenit
you will you may fowa Crop of Onions, Radifh, or a
fprinkling oi Carrots, and afew of Lettice amongfi
them the firfl year, and having {own your ground, you
may range your line, and by it Plant your Hartichoak
flips abour three f00t afunder pretty deep, doling the .
ground to your Plant with your heel on that fide con.
trary to the Sun, that there may be a low place the bet-
ter to hold-the water within compafs, that {o it may
{oak to theRoot, and not fpread about, and in cafe the
weather be dry when you Plant, it willbe a fure and
good way to lay-alittlc litter or orher-flrawrhin and
lightly upon eachz-Planmo keep off the heat of the Sun
until they be rooted, and in {0 doing, one watering will
- be better than two or three without it, and be fure that
what Crap you {ow amonglt Hartichoaks, take the firfl
opportunity to Husband it, that it may be drawn off as
foon as pofl'rble may be, left you hinder yotfl Harri.
choaks, for you may have good Hartichoaks the firfl
year if your ground be Rich, and watering be not want-
ingincafe of dry weather, and remember that {o foon
as your Choaks are come to perfeétion and {it for ufe,
to cut them down cloie. to the ground leaves and all, and
by {0 doing , your Hartichoaks will gather flips and
.flrength before the Winter, and your Plants the flronger
and forwarder in the Spring; alfoif you have any crop
amongfl your Hartichoalrs, it will have the more air and
liberty to come to perfeétion. .,

Alfo about‘the end ofoflober, or in November you are

to trench up your ground. amongfi your Hartichoalrs,‘
~ laying

/

  

laying it up in Ridges, {o as every row of Plants or Har.
tichoak flocks may [land in the middle of a ridge, for
their better prefervation in the Winter feafon, alfo lay-.
ing in fome dung in every trench, and withall having a.
care that you do not difiurb or prejudice the Root of
your Hartichoaks at that time of the year, lealt they
fhould nor fulficiently recover to withfland the injury of
the following Winter; but if this feem [0 be too much
trouble or colt, then you may open the ground a lime
about every [lock or root, and lay in fome dung round
about, and then rite up the mould about it, and take
u0tice that the more light or flrawie your dung is, the
better it preferves your flocks from the Frofl, although
the other affords molt vettue and nourirhment in the
growing time of the year, or you may do thus ; firft
dig your Hartichoalr plot all over, and cut off all the-
fiagging leaves both on the tops and fides,and then lay a
coat of dung all over amongfl you-r Hartichoaks, efpe.
cially about each flock, and ('0 let it refl: until the Spring,
and thenin the Month of Marc/1, if they are any thing
well recovered, or in Mpril, you are to dig over your
plot, keeping a good open trench before you, and when
you come to a flock, to open the ground pretty deep a-
bout it, even f0 low as you may with your thumb thruit
or force off all the flips from your flock, excepting two.
orthree of the flrongef’r, except you find them to be too
forward for fruit 5 in fuch a cafe one more weak or.
backward is better to be left, and then with the back of
your knife to rub or force of all the young buds for fllpS,,
that [0 all the nouriihment oi the Roor may be imploy’d
on your principal bearers, and then cut off the flagging
leaves, and put in the mould, clofmg it well to your
Plants or Itock,and [0 continue your digging and flipping
until you have finifhed, and in» cafe any be dead or not
thriving amongi-t your Stock, then you may fer a gang-
ant

 

'- I" I ‘ f .

Plant in it's place, and it it {o happen, as {ometimes it
doth, that by reafon of a very hard or {harp Winter your
Hartichoak flocks are ['0 weak, that there is no medling
with them as to ihpping,then you may begin betimes,
and fow a crop or either Parf rips, Carrots, or of Sallett
ing, and when occafion requires, give your crop as
fpeedy Husbandry and good diilance as you may con-
veniently,that when your Hartichoaks begin to thrive, .
they may have all the advantage that may be , and then
with a (hill {lice or i‘omething near to that ihape, pretty
narrow, without-digging, force or cut off all the under
flips, maintaining only two or-three of the flrongei’t to
bear fruit, and when your fruit is ready, take the firfl
opportunity to cut it, together with the leaves clofe to
the ground, that {0 your Stock as well as your Crop,
may get advantage ; alfo that your Head fruit
may be the fairer, you are when they begin’to fruit, to
look diligently between the leaves that grow on the
Rem, and where youfind any young buds for fruit be-
fides the Head or principal fruit, you are to force it ofl",
except you are minded to {pare any of the more latter
buds as afupply after the firfl is gone; and thefe di-
red’tions I fuppofe are {uflicient for the ordering of Hat.
tichoaks, although fomething more might be {aid of
them. . ' .,.
‘ Sparragus , the Husbandry thereof is as followeth;

firft provide your ielfof fome good Seed, what quanti-
ty you think fit, and then accordingly prepare a Bed be-
ing made very good or Rich, whereon you may {ow
your Seed, covering -it either by raking or ipitling it in
with your Spade, you may {ow it about Midas/m.“ '
time, as [000 as it is ripe, firfl; breaking and wanting the
Seed from the husks, which will fwim, and may be
be dreined trom your Seed, then dry it and few it, but
nortoo thick, that your Plants may be the larger, and

o

 

      

 
 

- ‘ofa E t fize to Plant after one years growth, or you may
{ow it in Februaryor March, but the earlier the better;
for it will lie a pretty while before it fpring upg-if you
low it at the tiling of the year, you may low it amonglt
a Crop of Onions or early Radifln but be lure to give
convenient diflance to your Crop, keeping it likewife
clean from weeds, that your Plants be no: fiarved or
fmothered, drawing your Radiih or Lettice from them
{0 foon as they are fit for ufe , and then the nexr Spring
after the fowing, you may take it up and Plant it where
you would have it grow to perfeéiion, having firfi made
your ground very good by trenchingfiore of good dung,
the which, if it be well Husbanded by makinga good
bottom for it to grow on, it will lair very good for- many
years, and will afford you very good Sparragus the third
year at farthefi from the rowing, or if you are not wil-
ling to lofe a year by fowing Seed, then you may pro-
vide your felt' of Plants offome Gardiners, but let them
not exceed two years growth, or three at molt ; let the
{cituation be temperate, neither too dry, nor over moifl:
and cold, for then your Sparragus will be late before it-
Spring; it fprings fafielt or quickeft in hot Sun~fhine
weather, be careful in the Husbandry of your ground,
that you carefully cleanfe it from all ofienfive weeds,
as Twich,Nettles, Dandelion, or any orher, efpecially
that like the former are not ufually defiroyed by ordina- '
ry weeding, otherwife they will be a perpetual trouble
to you, befides the robbing of your Sparragus of much
of their nourilhment 5 alfo know that a Pole of ground
is the leall quantity you can Plant to have it worth your
labour, indeed it is too little, for if you have not f0 much
as to afford you an indifferent Mefs at a cutting, then
you mufl be at the trouble to cut what is ready, and
keep it in fome convenient cool place until your ground
have brought forth fuflicient for a Mel's, but what
D d trouble

troubleand tedioulnefs it willbe. you may eafily gun;

alfo you mull be careful to keep it continually clean

from weeds, alfo in the cutting of your Sparragus , be,
careful that you cut not any but whaeis fit to cut, and
avoid cutting within the ground, lea-ll in cutting on, you

{pod tvvo or three, which is foon done. .

Havrng made ready your ground by. good trenching, _ ,
tread outyour Beds about three foo: wide, and a foot
and half path between each Bed, and thenplant three-
rows of Plants one Bed, every Plant as much in length
as in breadth, which will be near a foot from the middle-
of one Plant to the middle ofanother, if you Plant nea.
re-r,you cannot expeét to have your Sparragus to fair,

- but rather a hindering or. fiarving of each other ,-
if you will draw of a quantity off mould of? each Bed, .
and thenlay and {pread each Plant in order, and then
cover your Plants with the. mould you took of, or in- a
{lead of {0 doing, you may bringa quantity of good.
mould and cover your Plant about two inches thick, or
you may with your Hand or a Trowel open the ground,
and raifing the middle of the hole a little, {pread your
Plant which'you may eafily and readily,do,if your Plants.
be (mall, butothcrwife the other wayes are better and
more orderly: Having planted your beds, you may if
you will,fowia {mall fprinkling or Onions or Other Sal-

' letting for the firfi year, or you may give your bedsa
{mall coat of dung as foon as you have planted it, or
you may forbear dunging until Might/mu or therea-
bout; as for the time of planting] do molt approve of
the Spring, from the middle or end of February, to the
end of .April at. farthell, although there be fome will ,
Plant at the later Spring, even till Winter, but I have
oft {een that-their labours have not been anfwered with
that fuccefs that they hoped for, although fomerimes
they-mightfuccced. And. to~ the end that you gay

Vie

 

Jn 8:137:17) gardener.
“have your Sparragus fair and good ,you are every year to-
wards Winter to cut down the flalks clofe to the ground,
and lay a {mall coat of dun thereon, the which you
may rake ofl againin Marci: ollowing , if you find the
tops of your Plants are fufficienrly covered with mould,
otherwife it is belt to rake it fmoorh, and {0 let it reli;
your care mufi be not to cut the {talks of? too early,
ilealt if the weather prove warm, it {hould fend forth new
fhoors and weaken your Roots, (0 as to be difappointed
in the Spring, when Sparragus is molt acceptable and
ufeful; (out: who have their Sparragus grow on cold
grounds, and have fuch kinds of dung, do beflow Hen
and Pigeon dungon their beds : Take notice, that rot-
ten dung is belt for the purpofe, which if your Sparta-
.gus werea very tender thing, then your light firaw
dung were of greatcft refpeét; alfo it would prove
worth your labour if your groundbe apt to bind, or
fubjeét to fuch weedsasyou cannot eafily weed out in
an ordinary way ; once inayear or two to take the ad-
vantage when the ground is frozen about an inch or two
deep, witha firong three tined fork or a mattock, being
carefully ufed to break up the ground all over your
Sparragus beds, and folet it lieuntil it be well mel-
lowed, and then when it is thawed, you may pick it
clean from weeds,and level it again; and if you think’
fit, bellow acoatof dung upon your beds, by which
means one dungiog may prove worth two ; you may
{ometimes feein Loudanfiparragus much earlier than its
natural {eafon, which hath given occafion of wonder to
many, the means wherebyit is brought to pafs is thus,
fome having l'ome old beds of Spartagus which they are
minded todeflroy, and having convenience of newer
warm dung, pollibly intended for Other rife; afterward,
they fpread it {ome confiderable compal's, and -fpread or
lay their old Plants in order upon their dung, (lightly —
D d 3 cover-

 

  

‘-

' 3% Tba‘Engli/F .-
, - covering them, and fo- the heat doth force forward'a.
-' farewell Crop, but how good Icannot fay, butun-
doubtedly ,it is welcome to fuel) as love Rarities; ‘
.I mightfay much more concerning divers. Experi-
ments as to the planting of Sparragus, but in regard my
necefl‘ary, and (are Rules (Well {0 fall, I {hall forbear
unneceflarynieeties , which tend. moreto. trouble than
profit.

Sives is inereafed by parting the Roots, Whereby it
yields great increafe; they are fer in the Spring or Sum-
.mer, about two or three together is fuflicient,abouc a
hand breadth afunder or more make your ground good,
and they, will belarge if they do nor grow too thick . al-i
foalittle dung or new moulding will make them borh
earlier and fairer. of growth. “

Shelot is (es ina manner as Sives or Garlick, by part-
ing the Roots, andis to be taken up when it hath done
growing 5 which you may eafily know by the falling and
withering of-tbeblade, and is kept all the Winter for
ufe by thofe that love it.either to rub their Difhes
wherein they lay their meat, or (bred and put into Vine:
gar, it hath borh the {mell and taiie of Garlick,although
inarweaker manner, and is {aid not to offend bythe
fmell; it is [er in the Spring, if it be not taken up, fome

\ hard Winters willkill it.

’Garlick is increai‘ed; by parting the Root or Cloves
and {er betimes in the Spring, either on the edges of con:
venient beds,or on beds together, fome fer it about the .
time men nfe to few Wheat, but the. Spring feafon is . L
inflicient, iomeuie to tie it near the time it hath :its full
grow:h,abou: mid/mm" or little after, about Which '
aimeit begins to run to Seed, the tying is only to hinder

itfeeding; {o {cones it hath done growing, it is to be

A Seal,"

394ch p and kept. dry. go: nIe.

Stallions are laid to be a different thing from Onions,
fomewhat refembling Shelot or Sives, butordinarily a-
mongfl molt Gardiners, fmall or fpired 5 Onions being
fet in the Winter,or remaining all the year in the ground,
and drawn in the Spring for ufe,are called Stallions; the
belt time to fer them, isalittle before, or in Winter;
thofe [er in the Spring,are ready to run for Seed before
they have loft their old head or root.

Michaelmas- Onions as they are call’d, are {own be-
tween ginner tide and Bartholmm—tide; if you will, you
may fow a few Cabbage Seed, or a little Spinage or
Corn Sallet amongfi them, they are chiefly ufed in the
Spring for Sallets, or to eat with (of: Clieefe. I hav:
fometimes {own them after. Bartholmm-tide, and in cafe
the enfuing Winter hath favoured them, f have had as
. ood Onions to dry for nexr Winter, as any‘I have fown

in the following Spring,but it {own a little too early,they
have run up for Seed.

Carraway and Coreander, arefown either in r the
Spring, or about faxes-tide, or a little fooner , better
{own a little too thin than too thick; the Plant of the
Coriander hath a very loathfome fmell, they are pl-eno ,
tifuljn bearing Seed.

Annifeed are {own fometimes with us, and hath fome

‘TbeEnglsz; garden”; as: H

years brought forth good ripe Seed, the, Spring is-its . ‘

eafon.

Muflard-feed after it is once' {Own in a' ground , ..
and come to perfeaion, requires but little care more for
future Crops, then new Iiirring of the ground, {ow it
betimes in the Spring. ,

Liquoriflt is increafed byPlants or runners from them,
one good runner will {erve to make divers fets, allow—
ing two or three buds to a fet or Plant3the-ground Ought
to be rather light than heavy, dry and not wet if .you

_ would have very good, the ground ought to be Wlfllf in
cart,

. ‘, gig —, «x g :r‘j: ' - m.ww
1W . 9'5: Sizgliib (jgtlenm “
‘heart; andwvery welltrencht,that-it may run freely ac-
cording to its nature 5they that Plant buta little for
private ufe, make beds of three foo: wide, fetting three
or four rows on a bed about nine inches afunder, either
more or lefs,;‘-the P‘lauts or fets are let two or three
inches in the ground above their tops; if you will and the
ground beigood, you may have 3 Crop of Onions a-
mongfl yourLiquoriih the firfl; year if not too thick;
fome that have but little, do cut down the withered
(talks, and fpread a little dung all over their beds in
"Winter; xii ground be good it will bring good Liquo-
riih at two years gtthh; letthe fap be well hardened
before you take it’up, Otherwife it will fittink and not be

-' {0 good to keep.

Strawberfles are increafed by fetting of the young
Roots, which increafe from the firings that run from the
elder-plants, they are to be had in Woods, andiuch
like places, from whence divers furniih themfelves as
well as in Gardens, they are planted ‘at divers feafons,
:but chiefly at the Spring and Fall, but many refufe to
(e: them in the Spring, becaule then there is a Summers
Husbandry for weeding, and little or no fruit the firflt
year; and therefore it is that molt Plant about Bart/Jol-
nmv or Michaelmas, and fometimes later, but {ome-
‘thing fooner is better, for then they Will have gotten
pretty flrength , and will bear both more and fairer fruit,
fet them about half a foot afunder, and‘that pis nigh e-
nough, alfo if you would have fair fruit, and your bed
lait good the longer without renewing or new planting,
you mufi often cut away the firings that run from the
roots, otherwife they will flarve one another, alfo it
will be good to new mould them a litre every Winter,
not Summer; and in cafe of dry weather it will be worth
your labour often to water them chiefly in blooming and
fruiting time, but do it throughly 5 where good ig‘uf.

an-

 

|. .‘ "” . 1Q g V O ,. '

bandry is no: ul'ed‘, abed will not laii good above twoor
three years at molt 5 as _for the great kinds of Strawber-
ries,their Husbandry differs but little, only to be (at and
kept at a bigger difiance ,. and the root kept moulded
up, and the {ialks for fruit tied up,and to be kept moiftin
dry weather, no: fogettmg to cut their firings of:
ten.

 

 

 

Of Wuskmellmr, and,t/2eir arriving.

’ N the Husbandry or railing this fort of fruit, there is
' . ‘fuch diverfity of judgments and pra ices, that it
even wearies me to think of fetting down all that might
be laid concerning them : but I (hall only (a down {0mg
fure and neceffary Rules, by the diligent obfcrvauon
whereof,any induflrious Praétitioner may attain his end,
and by his diligent obFervationin his praétice, may attain
to a more clear and exact judgment, than I am able to
fet down in writing,

In the firfi place you are to endeavour to be furniflied
with {uch fortsof Seed as are of hell account for earli-
nefs and good tafle, either at the hand of Friend, Gar.
dener,or Seed-man,

In the next place to make choice or fuch a fcituation as
may have moi’t advantage of the Sun, and leaii prejuv
Adice from hurtful or {harp winds, but this may be cf.
feéted by a convenient fence made either of Reeds;
Broom, O‘r Rye firaw, being made {irong with good
flakes and poles,and well tyed with Ofiers; let it be-
made fix or fevenloot high at leak, and thenbegin as
followeth: Take of the newefi horfe-dung and litter
together, and make a bed about two font and a half
high, and as much in breadth or thereabout, either more,
or lefs,,.troading it hard, and beatingit eeven and hand-v

fame:

“'n-J‘rwr’“ 7" 'W ‘ IVWS.‘IWV ’

     

{cute both top and fides, the better to keep in the . heat;
then make provifion either with boards of abOut half a
foot wide or thereabout, nailed together a little nar—
rower and {better than your bed, for your bed will
lhrinlefomething, or inflead of boards fome ufe thumb.
bands ofhay‘ or firaw, the boards are leis troublefom’e,
then lay about the quantity of half a foot thick of very
ood lifted mould, either more or lefs according to the
ubflance and goodnefs of your bed,iome lay their dung
two or three days on a heap before they make their bed
with it, alfo fome mix their dung with Sea-coal allies,
undoubtedly itdorh caufe it to have the greater h-eat,and
it may be to hold it the longer : Having laid your mould
fmooth, and fettled itwith your Spade, then take your
Glaffes , and make feveral Imprelfions according to
the quantity of Seed you would prick on your bed, and
within the circle of each Glafs prick fome Seed, as much
as is convenient,and then fet your Glalfes over the Seed
you prick; then with {ome poles or hoops, Arch your
bed over, tying fome poles at length, that it may be the
fironger to uphold your covering, and then cover your
bed either with old Sail-clorh, or Bats-mats , and flraw
upon that, the better to keep either Snow or Rain
from your bed, which would {poll all, either cauling
~ your bed to burn or fcald your Plants by chilling or de-
flroyingthem; fome do not prick their Seed, until the
fecond or third day after their bed was made, and as oc-
cafion ferves you may give your Plants breath by rai-
fin your GlalTesa little, but if your bed be but flow
angel-{mallheau you may quicken it by laying {ome
firaw upon and between your Glalles, which you may .
withdraw as you fee caufe, and then when your Plants
are pretty flrong and green, take off younGlaIl‘es, and
pull up your Plants and new prick them again in the fame
bed and earth, not flirring the earth at all; fer them up
to

, The Engltjb gardener: ‘
to the leaves about three inches alunderor little leis,
.then water them as you fee cattle with a little water
‘bloud warm, then-{ct over your Glaffes clofe, and co-
.ver them with ilraw all over, and betwixt them coi’er
your Arch with your Mats or ‘other provifion for two
days or more as you fee caufe; then draw up one of your
"Plants, and if it'have taken new root, take off the co:
'vering and give them the Sun a little in the morning,

'3 and a little after noon through the Glalfes only; and then
if weather permit , give them a little more Sun than
they had the day before, and when you‘find they will

\lendure the Sun through the Glafl'es, if weather give
eave,under—fet your Glaffes a little, and give them air,
and it will firengthen them, and keep them from run-
ning up; but be (are to keep them from wind, put
firaw between theGlafTCS, and let the Sun-{hine on the
tops of the Glafl'es, and as they grow in firength give,
them more Sun, and then when they have two or three
Joynts, provide Banks or Ridges ’to Plant them out,
and if need require to water them, do it with water blond
warm, and every day take up the Glafles and wipe off
the dew, for it chilleth them.

Some MellomMaflers, when their Plants begin to
Joynt,do pinch or nip the top bud, that they may caufc
their Plants to put out for runners before they Plant
out; as alfo afterward as occafion requires. Now for
the making of the banks or ridges to Plant your Mellon
on, do as followeth : Firfl make a trench ofiour or five
foot wide, then take fome mouldy “hay, or the bottom‘ol
a rick, and Come Batly flraw, mix them together, and lay
them a foot deep in your trench, and tread it very hard,
then throw water all over it, then tread it hard again,then
lay a fecond laying as before, and ierve’ it {o likewife;
then lay a third laying fomewhat round on'the top, and
tread it hard, and make it rife with a ridg, and'let all your
' E e {haw

   

   

flraw be-as wet ‘as men hie it for thatching (fomef ufe
.allbarly fl-raw, and others ufe barly firaw and dung
mixed together, and others only new liable-dung and
afihes, (9'5. lany'of them may do, only remember if your
V'ftraw exceed your dung, yen mull moiflen it) then take
‘yOur line and make anOther trench of the lormer bignefs,
and throw the earth thereof upon your bank of flraw
one fpitdeep,.and {hovel up the crumbs on the ridge
Where the Plants mull be let, then take your firaw or
dung and do as you did with the firfl, but lo as the flraw
or dung ofeach trench may joyn together allalong, that
it may heatall alike in. every place; then take a (harp
flick about three foot long and thrult it into your bank
about the middle, and let it abide until fuch time as you
think it begins to heat, then pull up your watch flick,
feel ifit be warm in the middle of the flick, ifit be, you
may be fure your bank works well, then begin and make
your holes where you are to Plant, on the funny-fide of
your ridge near the top about two foo: and a half afun-
der,every hole within an inch of the firaw or dung of
your ridge, then cut out each hole of Plants from your

ed even with the top ofthe dung with nothing but .
earth about them (there are Inflruments to be foldin
Croaked- Lam, and elfewhere made of let purpofe to re--
move Mellons, or other choice and tender Plants, which
"they will do very handfomely without {halting the mould _
from the roots; I think they are called Groves, they
are made of double Tin, ém) let your Plants in the holes
you made, and clofe the warm mould of your bank to
them, then put to every hole of Plants about halfa pint
Ofbloudfxvar'm water, then clap the Glafs on clofe over ,«
your Plants, and draw the earth about the edges of your
, Glades, and cover them with your Mats to keep them

from the Sun two or three days; until your Plants have
.' drawn new-root, thentake away the earth from abopt
t e:

  

 

  

    

    

        

, _ 4": if. xi" def)”. _ '9’ a,
the edges of you Glafl'es, an lay fome mouldy hay or
firaw about your Glalfeé, and take olfyour‘ Mats all the
day from about nine or the clock, until Sun-fer, but you
mail keep alittle hay or {traw upon your Glafl‘es for
the Sun to glimmer through , for your Plants will be
apt to fall their leaves, if the Sunlie too hor upon them,
until they have gOt fome {trength and be entred to it
by degrees, railing your Glalles on the contrary fide to
the wind,{o as the wind come not at them until they
will endure the air without Glalles; and then when
your Plants have put out their runners on each fide fome
half a foor or rather leis, then take off the crown or run -
ning end of your Plant and cur it off about the fecond
joynt, or firflmext the end, and that will make your run-
ners grow flrong : Note that fome prune before they
Plant out , and {owe pinch or nip the main running bud
when the Plants are but two or three joynts of growrh
beginning tQ run; alfo when their fruit is fet‘and likely
to hold, that ['0 the fruit may have all the principal nou-
rilhment from the root, :1 little diligent obfervation will
inform your judgment much better than! am able to ex-
prefs by my writing; and when your runners begin to
come out of your Glailes, you are to defend them as you
lee caufe with a little llraw lightly laid upon them until
you have entred them to indure the weather,: andha-i
ving hardened them as I laid, by little and little you”
may take off your Glafl'es, and give them Sun from nine
or ten in the morning, until feven at night, and then
Glafs them again ,and cover them with your Mats, and
keep in the heat of the Sun; and when you fee your
fruit begin to knit, Glafs it, but have a care the Glafs do
not burn it, then put a piece of Tile under your fruit to
keep it from the earth, not watering, or but very little as i
need requires, until your fruit be as big as a Goofeoegg,
except the weather be extream hot, and your bank very
- E e a dry

   

v

 

A .

_ .‘I NBWIMWW. ‘ m
dry,t!fc.for..watcring your bank , take pond or ditch wai-
ter, and give your bank {0 much on the tides and allies
as will folte quite through to the draw, but let not much
come into your holes of Plants; remember this water.
ing ought notto be but in very ho: and dry weather, al-
fo let your Mats be kept over your Plants every night,
until your fruit be wrought out , or as-you fee the night
or weather inclined, whether friendly or otherwife, as
to fueh tender‘rail‘ed fruits; {or the truth is, if it be mild
or temperate,air is belt {or them : Take notice that if
your Plants turn up their ends or nofes toward the air in
a dry time, then they want water, the which you are to—
fupply them with diicretion, avoiding excefs; be care-
ful at firit plantingto keep your Plants from Rain or
Snow water, for it will deitroy them if it come at them;
if your Plants turn the ends or nofes upward towards the-
air, be into there is afault at the root, but when they
thrive heft, they will carry their ends or nofes cloie to-
the ground, and will be very limber,.then do not meddle
with them at all: Remember every morning when you
heave ydur Glalfes,to wipe the dew off them,alfo gently .
fluke itofl your Plants with your hand , for it weakens

em.

Alfo atfirit giving air to your Plants, raife the edge
of your Glafl'es with a little firm to fraud on, and as
they grow. more hardy, you may taife them with fome-
thing elie, by giving them air with difcretion , your
Plants will dry and gather firength and grow hardy; if ‘
your bed he too cold, cover it well among& your Glaf- ‘
fes with hay or flraw, and you may be fure your Plants
will not burn at the roots; if your Bed be too hot, you. .
may know by the blacknefs of the leaves of your Plants,
pull‘up one, and you (hall fee it burnt, then cover more
fiightly, and in the heat of the day {hadow them with
your mats,& take awaypall the firaw from amongfl yloufr

‘ 3 9

Glafl'es if there be any, and new mould them up to the
firfi joynt,and they will draw new root ; alfo remember
when your Plants have taken. new root after their plant-
fi gm: them as much air on the contrary Me to the
and as you may with difcretion, from nine or ten- till
three afternoon; much heat and clofe covering, caufeth
them to run up, water them but once after planting
until they are prettily knit, unlefs great need re-

uxre. a
q It is ufual with many to fieep their Seed before they
low or prick it on their. Beds, which is agood way if
you do not {ow it before your bed is come to its heat, for
by fieeping, yourfeed is (0 prepared that it comes up
pole and handfome, and no: (0 {mall as that which lS
orced withoutfleeping; fome ufe Milk, 1d fome ufe .
other Liquors,but water is as efefiual as and more
natural.

Some that raife many Plants, do make a little bed on
putpofe to {ow their Seed on , and then prepare beds to
prick out their Plants upon ; alfo divers infiead of par—
ticular Glalfes for their bed, do ufe a frame of Glafs,as it
were divers panes,fo handfomly fitted, that they may
take up all or fome as occafion requires, without any
trouble; alfo a frame Arched over, to fer on and tales
offasoccafion ferves, for the more ealie and convenia .
ent opening, and taking off their Glaffes; if by any acci-‘
dent you chance to loft: your firfl Plants, you may
prick over the fame bed again, and though the heat be
but little in comparifon,you may caufeit to {trike new
heat by covering both bed and Glaflesrwith {lore of
firaw or clean horfe-litter ; you may be {are to raife
good found Plants on fuch a bed, but if you find it too
weak, you mull provide another bed to prick your
Plants upon when they are ready; confider that a fine
moderate warmth is far better and more natural than ex,

area—m

vtream heat ; fiill remember that as you raife~~your
~.Plants, fo you mull: look to keep and maintain them u-
{ually twoor three days after your bed is come to its
heat, the danger of burning your Plants at the root will
be over, except your bedahav-ing good firength, chance
retake a little moifiure by Rain, and fome in making
their ridges do leave the fpace of three or four foot be-
tween each ridge, and then when'the heat 1's {omerhin
declin’d,they trench up thofe {paces with good dung for
the purpole, thereby adding new heat to their ridges,
caufing their Mellons to come away roundly; fome do
water their ridges or holes of Plants very little, but only
the allies between, which do not he very deep.

If the mould do chance to ihake from your Plants in
removing, t e matter is not great,if your ridges be of a
good tern ‘or hear, they will quickly get firength,
and {ométimes out-go fuch as were not {haken at all ; if
your ridges heat too flowly, you mull cover them well
with flraw and Mats, and that will caufe them to heat,
the like courfe you muf’t ufe to keep of Snow or Rain
from your ridges at the firfi planting efpecially; alfo it
is nor the leafi of that skill that belongs to Mellons, to
know how or when to gather a Mellon,fit either for pre-
fent fpending, or to {pend two or three days after,in cafe
of fending it far off, and fo asit may nor be raw or hard
in the eating, or too ripe and watriih, but dry and firm;
know that much wet or cold weather about the time
that Mellons come to perfeétion, doth very much lefl‘en
their goodnefs, caufing them to fpend more flat and
watriih,an<l therefore if you can ufe convenient means
to defend them from too much moiflure, your fruit will
{pend more pleafant a great deal ; diligent oblervation
and good praétice mill make all clear in time to an ingeg
nious praflioner. -

Take

9

x719? FiiglthgaMener. r93 '
Take notice, that in wet ground or foch as is apt to
hold moiflure overmuch, it is a good way to lay a laying
Oi bufh faggots in the bottom of your trench, the better.
to caufe the moifture to fink aWay from your dung , and
which may be taken away when you trench your ground
again, or as you fee caufe. .

0f :1}: Ordering of C ummém-

 

- F you define to have them very early,‘ you mufiob- '
ferve the fame method that islet down for the rai-
ling of Muskmellons, only there is not fo much necefli-
ty of pruning to- caule them to fruit, but if- the top
{prout be nipt when they are {hot out three or four
‘ joynts,it will undoubtedly caufe them to‘knit the fooner
for fruit 9, they are as tender to bring up when they. are
(own early as Mellons but 5 if you begin with them any
time in ware/9dr will be time enough if you have Glaf-
fes,and then you {hall not need to make ridges to Plant
them out at large, but only to make holes about the
bigncfs of a buihel or bigger,the which you are to fill up
with warm liable-dung, fetling it clofe, making a hole in
the midit in which you are to Plant three or four
Cucumber Plants with their mould aboutthem , and
then to earth them up, {0 as they may {land as it were '
ina boulor pan the better to ho'.d water, which they.
ought to have in good plenty when they begin to fruit
efpecially; alfo if you raife them tenderly, and under
Glaffes, you molt ufe them [0 at firfl; planting, other-
wifea little cold wet will defiroy them 5 but if you can-.
not afford to Glafs them, you mull not Plant out until
the weather be very warm and dry, and then at firfl tot
fhadow themfrom theSun in' cafe the mould were {haken
from the rootasuntil they had recovered new root, but:
, . yet;

«a magma £93m». I
et giving them air as much as may beif temperate; on.‘
y lightly covering them With flraw, or {ome orher con.
venient things every night,if like'to be‘coldgremember at
firft planting to give them a watring,but if you will not
be at the'trouble of raifing them on a bed, then you may
any time from the beginning or middle-of April, to the
end of the firi’c week in may, make divers holes which
you are to fill up with either dung or other foil that is
good, and upon that to lay fome good earth, {haping it in
laihion of a boul or path asI {aid before, and then to
prick in about half a dozen CucumbenSeeds; and
then, the weather bein warm,water them now and then
as you fee caufe, and ' your Plants take and thrive,three
'or four will be fulficient in ahole, you may pluck up the
refl and beflow them in Other places. -
Plenty of water in dry weather, will caufe plenty of
fruit in cafe of much wet or cold weather, when your
’Plants are young,it will be the furefi way to defend them
from it; by covering, otherwife they may either Ltunt or
die 5 if you defire to fave any for Seed, then you are to
favefome thatare pretty forward, the riper and better
grown your Seed is, thelonger it will lafl good, three
or four years at leaft; the riper your Seed is, the lefs
_ labour it will require to walh from the Pilp , but the ri-
.,peft will require a good many feveral fliiftings of {tells
water to walh it from the flimy Ruff that cleaves to
, 1t. ‘
Pompions may be raifed and planted as Cucumbers ,"
either early or later, but mof’t ordinary“ people do fer
them on Dunghils,any time from the beginning of LA-
pril, to the beginning of We], the more they are water. '
ed (in cafe of hot weather)the more fruit, and fairer they
will have.
Thus I might {peak of divers Other Plants and their
ordering,as woad,‘ Madder,Safiron-teaflels,é'c. but in re-

gatd

      

' C

   

gardmy Book {wells {0 fafl, Iihall forbear, andvonly
[peak of the ordering of fome forts of {mall herbs, and
_fo conclude this Part, and {peak (omething of the ordet~
ing of the Gard en ofPlea'fure. ’ r ‘

 

of”): Sea/em order and manner of Sewing and Setting of
divers Sweet Herbaém‘.

Olt forts of Sallet, Pot, andSweet herbs, ex-
. cepting fome few whichJ (hall {peak of after-
ward, are and may be {own any time from the begin-
ning or middle of march, until yams-tide, and a little
after in mof’t forts oi ground that are of any indifferent
tempergbut your either too early or late {owing of moft
fmall herbs on grounds that are either wet or cold is apt
to mifcarry, either by the chilling of the Seed too early
in the Spring, or the Winters Frofl coming too {uddem
1y on the later before they have taken fufficient root to
withiland it, being oft heaved or fpewed out of the
ground by froii,& fometimes byworms,fo that your lure
way is not io be too forward in the Spring, nor toolate
towards Autumn in fowing on fuch kinds of ground :

Now for fuch forts of herbs that are for Phy lick ufes or 4
to Still, which of mofi are thought to have greatefl ,

vertue in may, you are either to fow them between the
middle or end 019341} and Bartholmew tide at farthel’r, or
betimes in the Spring; but thoie that are tender are to
be fownupon ahot bed,- and afterwards drawn up and
[er in fome thinner order in good ground, and conflantly
fupply'd with watering as need requires, by'whic‘h means
aforefaid, the defired end may be accomplifhed: But
take notice, that thofe things raifed on a hoe hedgerq to
be covered or defended in cafe oii cold or frofiy nights
‘or mornings, until they have get-tome! fire‘ng , or are
on: of danger by the temperatlgnfefs oi the feafon.

:D‘
$2 .

, téfififirezz:

0f, the manner of Sawing fmafl Sadr.

lrfi you are to befiow‘fome good dung or {oil .on
your ground if need require, and then dig it very
weli,breaking the clodas, and picking out all offenfive

'wecds if need require, laying your ground very levelbe—
' fore you begin t {ow your Seed, leafl by endeavouring

to rake it‘leve after you' have (own, yourake your
Seeds on heaps, and then youmay tread out your bcds
handfome and limit by a line , it will be the pleafanter
to look on, and then {ow your Seeds as eeven as you
can in every part ofryour bed alike, but not over thick,
leafl: y‘our herbs fiarve one anOther, befides the wafle Of
your Seeds,then {pittle in your Seed with your Spade as
bout an inch or two deep or lefs,.fo they be covered,and
then lightly fmoorh over your bed with your rake; if
your-ground loofe or dry, you may {mouth or lightly
clap your bed overwith your Spade, or if YOU Will, you
may {ow your Seeds in rows or trails, either round about
the edges of your beds to keep them in faihion, and
Plant either herbs or Flowers on the body of your beds,
or you may furniih your bed all over, making three, four
or five rows or trails according to the biguefs of your
bed; the order or manner is to, make each trail of like

' diflance,,and range your line, and by it,tither with your

finger, or a {mall flick, to make your trail about an inch
deep or thereabout, and therein to {ow your Seed no:
over thick, ifyou put your Seeds inawhite paper you
may (if the Seeds are (mall) very eafily and egually {ow
them byihalti‘ng the lowerend ofyour paper With the fore 1
finger of that hand you fow. with, the paper mult‘nor be
much opentowards the eud,the way is eafie 8: handfome
t0 {ow trails,either for knors or otherwife,and then with
yonrhand or a trowel to {mouth the earth into care?
" “ ‘ ’ __ " ' ‘ " trai ,_,

i i e” n 1. 4r mamas?”

trail, and by this way you may be fure to cover your
Seeds well, é-r. Having {aid thus much as to the fea—
fons and manner of (owing, which is a fuificient direfli-
on for almofl any fort of either Sweet, Por, or Sal-
let herbs, (efpecially having fpake {0 much in particular
before) only take natice, that thofe forts of herbs or
flowers that are yearly Ito-be fown, and the fame year
Seed and die, as alfo fbr thofe that are very tender, for
fuch forts you are to take the. advantage of the Spring,
namely, March, viprfl, and May, as either the hardi-
nefs or tendernefs of the thing requires, that [0 you
may have the benefit of the Summers growth and pro-I
fit, feafonably either before it Seed or die;

Sweet Marjoram is fomething tender, and therefore
if you would have it betimes, you mull fow it upon a
hot bed, or in a warm fcituated place,yet I have oft {own
in the beginning of March with good fuccefs, the ground
being good and not of a wet or cold nature. Sweet Ba:-
fil is more tender and apt to mifcarriage then Tweet Mar:
joram, it ought to be {own borh in awarm and dry {ea-
(on 5 for if moifture come at the Seed before it hath lain
fome time in the earth, it will turn to a jelly, and ’ne-
ver grow ; {o likewife if {own on a cold or moifl ground;
fome to prevent its mifcarriage, mingle their Seed two

or three days before with form fine and well~tempered ,

mold , and then low it, ulpril or M4) is time enough;
fome that have fuch opportunities, do fow both this and
the formeralfot on fuch beds whereon they did raife

their Muskmellons or Cucumbers.
Rofemary—{eed is likewife very tender being fown;
and therefore requires to be {own in awarm feafon, (9'5.
. as for Thyme, Savory, Hyfop, (7'5. they are pretty har-
d , and may be {own in any of the feafons before men-
tioned, and therefore I (hall faty no more as to their few-
F 3 mg

    
     

   

ing‘,’ biit give fame fewRales’concefiing the inflating

or form few’. fortsol herbs nominally {own of See-d, be;
cauie'they areibOt-h eafily and quickly brought to per-
fbétion by flipping—or parting their roots. ’ 1

'Andfor this purpofe ufually the Spring or tifing of

the yeanis the bell, as being mofi temperate and feafo.
liable for all forts of firingy rooted Plants, yet notwith- '
{landing as I {aid before of the {owing of mofi forts of, ~
{mall herbs, fol fay Concerning moftv forts of {etting
herbs that they may be removed, flipt, or parted any
time from the beginning of Mart/y, to the end of Augufl,
and fomething after, only you are to take notice ,that in,
extream ho: and dry weather , you are to forbear re-
moving and letting herbs, (W. unlefs you ufe more than
Ordinary diligence both for watering and {hadowing
what you Plant.
‘ In the fetting of herbs, (it. either of (lips or parting
the roots..to fet 5‘ obferve thefe few direétions, firl’t top,
them a little for handfomenefs, and if there be any fu-
petfluous leaves that may unneceilarily draw away any
lap from: your'flip before it is rooted, top them or cut
them off, yet not {0 as to rob your~ flip of all its leaves,
efpecially the youngefl, alfo if they have any roots top
them a little alfo, do not fet too many in a heap or clu-
fler together, alfo thofe that are long, Wall-flowers

' or Rofemaryfigive them a little twill or turn near the. ‘
lower endto make them ruff, and not to break in the
{etting, alfo thofe herbs or flips that are fhort, brittle, or '
fappy, you are to fet them with your finger if the ground :

' be eafie or (oft, or with a Trowel» or holes made with a
flick to let them in as need requires; alfo whatfoevet ' '
you fer after you have clofed the Earth to them, water
them throughly except in cafe of a foaking Rain, alfoin:
cafe dry weather happeneth upon your new feting, you

’ are_~to keep aconitantcourie in watering until the wlea-
t 161:;

  

 

« imgwa gardener. ~ ' w;
ther change, or at 'lealt till ybur herbs are will taken in
the ground. .Remember that Height and feldom water-
ing,daily, and but fleight watering yea,in a hor and dry
time will do more hurt to young rooted herbs ,thenif
you did no: water at all 5 thereforel fay, that what you
water ina dry feafoh, do it throughly and pretty con-
flant; do n0t water thofe things that are throughly and
wellgro'wn in a dry time,except you do it as I {aid be—
fore throughly and conflantly, alfo if you are neceflitao
ted to fer any Plants that are choice in a dry and ho: {ea-
fon, either {et them in the fliadow, and after remove
them into more covenient places,or at leafi fliadow them
where you wouldhave them to grow, not neg-letting
watering as need requires; alio take norice , that on
good watering of any herbs,é'c.in a clofe or gloomy day,
is better and more efl’eétual then two in‘hot Sun-(hint:
weather,in cafe the ground be dry;alfo for all ordinary or
hardy things,the Evening watering is more efleétual than
the Morning, alfo be careful to take the firfi opp'ortu- r
nity to weed your herbs, (7:. although in dry wea-
ther, though {ome do purpofely forbear, and fay the
weeds keep their herbs moifi, and from the violence of
the Sun, butlam fure of the contrary, for if-there be
any vertue or moifiure where they grow, they.will‘have
the befl flaare,the earth being more natural to weeds,
then to what we {etor fow, as plainly appears by their
quick growing,and over-growing of what we {er or {ow :
Now for the kind of water that is hell to water your
Garden, it is certain that pond or ditch water is better
than running’or River water, yet that is far better than

' Pump or Well water, yet it hath always been my lot.

to have no other for my ufe, whether for Cucumbers
or Other hubs and flowers; yet I doubt not but there is

a week odds in 3 Months growrh at fome times of the

year, between watering with a warm fat fianding ware:i

an

W” '“ Tue-angry!) gardener;
'and warring with cold Pump- or Springawater; 'but yet
the worfi is better than none, but where occafiog is for
fome [mall quantity , for fome tender‘Plants, fome have
great tubs fill’d, wherein they put {beeps dung or other
dung, letting it hand in the Sun until it is in better cafe
to ufe as aforefaid, fiill {applying their tubs as need re-
quires; and as I {aid before, one watring towards the de-
' clining of the day or evening, is better then two in the ’

morning or heat of the day,t'or moft things. .
Another thing worth the praétifing is, that you be
" careful to cut or top your herbs often, for iris not only
handfome, but caufeth your herbs to Jail longer, where—
as to fuffer herbs to grow rank, or woody, or to feed-
quickly,defiroys them, or fo weakens them, that they do
not thrive again in a great while; by your often topping
your fweet herbs,you may5if you will, make ufe ofthem
toidry,and make them into powder to ufe ail the Winter,
{0 that you need not cut your herbs in the Winter, ano-
ther convenience is,that if you cut your herbs often, you
may cut them at any time without prejudice to them,
whereas ifyou fuffer them to grow woody or to Seed,
. you hazard the killing of them, in cafe you cut- them in
a very hor and dry time, or in the Winter; another
thing worth praftifing is, that once a year or once in
two years you beftow new moulding of thofe‘forts of
herbs that continue long without renewing, as Th me,
Savoury,Balm,and divers others the like; ivers forts will
upon the new moulding take new root, and become as
young again, your mou d ought to be fifted or very fine, .
that it may the better fall in ariaongi’t the branches, (9?,
Lavender ought to be cut eeve}; and handfome, fo foon
as you have your Crop oil“, -;and if it cannot be made
fmooth and handfome at one cutting, you may cut it a
fecond time before Winter, and;tli"en it will be pleafant
and grow, firong and handfouj'e without the help of
poles

"WW "T‘lbb‘flfiglI/Iavardener: ' 20$ ”

poles which form ufe, occalioned’through unhandfome
or negligent Husbandry. Sage, and Rofemzry Beds, are
likewife to be cut lmooth and handfome, which being
often done,a fmall matter doth it; and befides they
will be ufeful as anhedge to lay {mallcloaths upon to:
white or dry, befides a handfome ornament in a Gar-
den.

Another convenient prafiice tending to handfome-
nefs and goodorder, is that you low or fet together in
one quarter, or beds by themlelves, all fuch herbs as are
durable, and nor to be renewed every ygar, by which
means that part of your ground will be always in hand-
fome order; you may eafily guefs what the contrary
praélice will be. .

After this manner, you may bring it to pafs ,fow
Thyme,.Winter-lavoury, Hyfop, Pot-marjoram , and

~ Winter-{weer marjoram, which is increafed only by 1(1inJ

let fuch be near together 5 likewife Balm , Coaflmary ,
Mints, and the like,in beds near together, allo Buglofs,
Sorrel, Succory and thelikegand for Inch as are,as I laid,
robe renewed every year, as Sweet-marjoram , Sum.
mer-favoury,and. fweer-bafel, é’c, let theie be near to:
gether; alfp allordinary Pot-herbs that are yearly re-
newed by themfelres. llhall need to fay no more as. to
this. ’ K
L

eref name ire gm» w

11mm aaeeeeeamm #3
3 $3??? 333%? W$$3W3§§§

v! Catalogue of diver: ordinary Herb: and Rom, 5y :11:
view whereof, any Gardener may readily call to mind 19114:
forts of Hero: he {4 to pro-videfertbe {arni/biag of bio
Garden 5 alfo briefly by what mean: inereafed. .

Tbe name: of divers forts-b of herbs, commonly oalled
[meet/106.1.

Alm, chiefly increafed by flipping or parting the
r001, fometimes of Seed.
fiafel,only of Seed.
Bdurnet,both by flipping o1 parting the roots, and by
See
Cdoafl- mary,chiefly by flipping or parting the roots,
fometimes by Seed ,
Camomile by flipping or parting the roots.
Callamint, both by feed and flips.
Hyfop, by feed, flips, or tops.
Lavender, chiefly by flipping.
Musked Crains bill, or Muskomy, chiefly by Seed
Ifhed, é‘o.’
Mints '3
Spear

$531121 kBy (OPS) flips, 0: r0015;
Bafel
Pide 15,

Mar{

The bngh/b gardener. 2:99
-‘M:rrjoram- 1 . p
\ Chiefly of Seed, it will grow 'of tops
Winter fweet , , and flips,only the Summer; the 9-
Yellow , thers chiefly by flipping,they will
Pide, alfo grow of Seed. '
Pot or wild, ,
Maudlin or [met Maudlin, bozh by flip and Seed
two forts. ’
Penroyal, chiefly by flips. and there is three or four
Rofemary, chiefly by flips, but likewfe of Seed ,
but {0 it is very tender. ‘
‘Sage,chiefly by flips.
’ Savoury, the Winter, both of Seed and flip, the Stun:~

met only of Seed.
1
l

l
\

Thyme,
Englilh or hard Thyme
‘French,

 

‘Pide, _ i} Both by flips and Seeds;
Limon,

Musk , i '

Maflick 1

Herb Miaick, chiefly by'flipping.
Tanlie,both by Seeds, flips, or parting.

 

Ti): mm: of diver; ordinary Pbyficle Herbs, u/ually planted
in Gardens.

Ngelica 'increafed only by feed :. {ow it in ground
not too dry , or as foon as It 15 ripe,
Atarabacka, only by parting the roots, '
Bears-foot,only of feed, I mean, the ordinary Garden
Rind call’d Setter-wort. -

Carduusaonly 0‘ feed: G-g Draf

315%” 1W 9670””. ‘
bfiragonsfihiefly by 0 fets or young roots, {emetimes

byDittancler, by fprouts from the root.
Elecampane of feed and parting, the upper part of
the 1001.
Fetherfew,of feed or flips. -
Goats Rue or feed, or flip near the 1001,
Germandemhiefly of tops 01 flips
Gatlick ,by parttng the root.
Harts-tongue, by parting the root, it doth likewife»
make increafe by feed, but
Horfe radilh, by either tops or pieces of the roots let.
Liverwort,1s brought fometimes from places where-,-
it natmall‘y grows, é'c. let in fome flnady place.
- Lavinder C0tton, ol (lips.
Liquorifh, of Plants or runners.
Mafier- -wort, of feed or runners.
Marlh mallows of feed, or of the top fptouts £1011:-
the root let 1n moifl o1 fliadow.
Mother- -wort, of feed 01' parting the 10m.
Pelletary of the Wall, of feed or fl..1.ps
Pionies, lingle of feed or pieces of roots, chiefly near
the t0ps 03f them
Rubatb, three forts both of feed and tops of the 10015
arted.
Rue, chiefly of flips;
Solomons- Seal, fometimes by feed, but molt com-
monly by the tops 01 pieces of the root.
Scordium, of {lips not in too dry,a fcituation zt lhould
be moulded over in Winter.
Scorfonera,of feed flips, or 1001
Scurvy. grafs, chiefly offeed (W. '
Southern-wood, of flips
Smalage of feed or fli
sneefe wort, of fl1ps 1P1} enough.
Tam.

”N

     

'Tanfie, oi {lips or feed.

‘Greelr Valerian, of flips or feed. . _ ,

‘Great Valerian or Setwell,chiefly {lips from the mats}

Winter-Cherries,increafe {aft enough from the root
' by {prouts and runners.

Wormwood, borh'Englifla and Roman,borh by {lips
and feed.

There isa fort of Sallet commonly gathered in the
Spring, confiiling of divers young‘buds and fprouts bath
of Trees and Herbs, the which being gathered difcreet-
1y, with nothing but what is very young and tender,
and fo that no one thing do too much exceed another,
but that there be a fine agreement in their reliih 5 if {0,
it will be very acceptable to many.

Violets with fome young leaves‘ Alfo when they are
Primrofes and fome young leaves ‘ to be had,the'flow-
Small {prouts of Burner, alfo of . ers of Burage, Bu-
Mints, . glofs, Cowpagles,
Sorrel, and divers other of the Archangel , With

like, alfo (mall buds of Goofe-J divers Others.
berries,Rofes,Barberries,é'c, ,

g__

The name: of driver: ordmary Pot-12:75:, call’d Alf: Chap-
ping—5:755. v '

‘ Rach, red and white of feed.
_ Blood-wort,of feed.

Burage, of feed.

Buglofs, of feed.

Beetes, of feed.

Carrots, of feed

Clary, of (bed,

Endive, of feed.

I. 'n debefl‘ offeed» 1 l f l'
a g ’ G g z Leeks

 

3330:wa (€99: ..

 

.33 Wmfiflflgfidem’m

Leeks, of feed befi.’

Marygolds, of feed. ; '

Nep, of feed.“ ‘

Orach, of feed.

Parfley, of féed.’

Sives, parting the roots. ,
Strawberries, of young roots from the firings;-
Succory, of feed.

Violets, of flips and feed.

Worts or Brockets, chiefly of feed .

 

- T be name: of diver: Swat herb: and Roots, an! other Her-

bage for 15: K 176171”- “f” .

' , Llifanders, of feed.

Beans, French, and ordinary Garden-beans. _

"Beets, both red and white offeed.‘

Cabbages, of feed.
Carraway, of feed.
Carrots, of feed.
Corn-fallet, offeed.

v Colworts, of feed.

Colliflowers, of feed. ,
Cucumbers, of feed.

Crefs oi the Garden, offeed.
Dill, of feed.

Endive white, of feed.

‘ Fennel, of feed.

Hat‘tichoaks, of flips..
Letticc3 of feed.
Muskmcilons, of feed.
Muftardleed, of feed.
Onions, of feed.

Maia .’

The Hugh/b gardener. ‘ a};

Parfnip, of feed.

~ Pounds of Virginia, and Canada or “femfalem Harri-

ehoaks, increaied by (mall off-{erg and quartering their

roots.

u Purflain, of feed.
Rocket, of feed.
Rampions, bf feed; .
Ramfons, by parting their roots;

Radial, of feed. ,

HorIe-radifh, by top or pieces of root. .

Shelot, by partng their r00tsr

Scorfonera, by feed, flip, or root. A

Skerretsby (lip or feed.

S'parragus, of feed,

Sorrel, French and Engliflx, the French 11109: by flip:
ping and the other molt by fee . ' "
Spinagp, by feed.

Tarragon, by tops and fprouts‘.'-

Turnips, by feed.

There are dimnfirts of raft, of which 1 vi! mm flmefew. .

0t~fpurs-peafe.
Redding-peafe.
banawich-peafe.
Sugar-peak, white and gray.
Tufited or Rofe-peafe, two forts” ~
Gray Windforepeafe.
Great Maple-peak.
Great Bowlins-peafe.
Great. Blcmcafb

’ , ‘ " zfieféf

~flu/e tbizrgrfallowing art 67 diam: Cockrgand (Mm, 12551:.
. ltd-far Salim my]: in tin Winter.-

UCumbers, Broom.buds Alfo' {cine pickle up
. Purflain, Elder-buds, Turnips, Beet-roots,
Tarragon , Onions, and divers other thin s
Summerefavoury Leeks, which being artificially}
. Hartichoaks ‘ done, are very acceptable
Alfofome make a'very acceptable boil’d Sallet of the
young and tender {talks of borh Turneps, and of Cab-
bages, when they firfi run up in the Spring; they boil
rhe’m, and peel them, and put-Butter, Vinegar, and Pep~
per to them. . ‘ ‘

Theft are 7pm! wit}; Mire-wine Vinegar and Sugar far_
WimmSa/Im.

‘ Loveéélelly-flowers.
Cow ip-flowers.
Buglefs-flowers.
Buragetflowers.
Archangel-flowers.

 

of :12: ordering of 1/1: Gard?» affleaflrre, wiié the manner
of inrrcafing and ordering-diver: fins 0] Flame”, for the
{uni/blag of Gardens, with diver: forms of Knot: and
flat: for the purge/'6.

ereét it‘in fuchaplace where it may yield molt de-
hhin regard of its Profpeé’c from your Houfe, Or
fo‘ni‘e chief rooms thCIBOfgand wirhall,it‘ it may be pret-
. ‘Y

IN the firfl place, you are if you may conveniently,to
18

W p ‘1“ Engltjb thmDru ‘fi ~-
ty well defended from the injury of the {harpel't' winds,
and in {0 doing, you may have in a manner a perpetual
Spring, fomething ororh’er continually in its Beauty;
either Flowers, or ever Greens, except in extream Holt
and Snow,but even then there are many houfed greens
do {hew-forth their Beauties, but let every one do as
their means, minds, or conveniences will permit.

The Plot of ground being refolved uponJ you are to
fence it in according as you.defire,or can-,onl‘y remember
that if their need either bringing in, or carrying‘out of»
mould, (52*. that you- do it whilfiyou have the opportu--
nity of' a Cart-way, which ufually is cheaper and (pee?-
dier then Wheel-barrows , and thenyou may level it,»
and cali- it into what form you think fit, or as the big-
nefsoi your ground will hand fomely bear. ’ ‘

I have {or the cafe and delight of thofe that do affeéf
fuch things, prefented to view divers Forms or Plots for
Gardens, amongfi which it is poifible you may find fame
that may near the matter fit mofi ordinary grounds, ei-‘
ther great or fmall; and (ball leave the ingenious
Practitioner, to the confiderution and ufe of that he
mofiiafleéts,

W :14” engwr: agaraener.

The mm? offewrd fmbs,d'e. fit :6 {at Knot: wit]; ,1;
to edge harden n Imp they: infaflzimfic.

Utch or French Box, iris the handfomel‘t,the
molt durable, and cheapell to keep. ' '

Hyfop is hand fome, if cut once in a fort-night or three
weeks in the growing feafon.

There is two or three fortsaof Thyme -will be hand-
fome and durable if oft cut. ‘

Germander was much ul'ed many years ago, it mufl:
have good keeping.

Thrift is well lik’d of by fome, it is apt to gap and be

., unhaudfome.

Some ufe gilded—Marjoram, or Pot-Marjoram with
good keeping will be handfome. .

Alfo belide the fore-named, you may edge borders
with divers things 5 as Pinks, they will be very handfomc
by cutting twice a year.

Violets double or fingle, they will thicken and be
handfome ii oft cut.

'Grafs cut oft.

Periwinkle cut oft.

Some ufe Lavender-Cotton, and--Herba-gtace,(9'c.
will be handfome if kept well;

Rofemary may be kept low as Other herbs, if oft

t.

Lavender as it may be kept, will be borh low and
handfome. '

Sage likewife.

vPrimrofes and double-Dalies are {et for that pnrpofe
likewife, but they ought to be planted {omething fbady,

Aucther thing I thought good to mention: It is
common in the mouths of many, that Box doth take a-
way all the heart of aground where it grows 3 but the

naked

    

We" "I”! 1“ Ex I‘

 

naked.truth is, that it dOth not draw {0 much vert-ue
froma ground as other herbs doth, my reafon is, -be-‘
caufe it doth not grow [0 fail, and fo by confe'quenec
not draw {0 much vertue {row the place were itgrows; .
.and in cafe it do begger or barren a place where it grows.
it comes to pais by itslong flanding compleat and hand-
fome, which is a' part of its excellency, it being .the moi?!
durable of any kind of herb wherewith Knots are made 3
but to prevent, or rather amend the inconveniencies that
feem to follow by the running of itsvroots into your
Knor, which any other herb doth much‘more, by how
much other herbs do grow more than Box; the reme—
dyis,with a kn'fe or piece of an old lithe once in two
years to cut the root down cloie to the Box on the infide
'of your knot, and then if need be to new flourifli your
work witlia little freih mould ; alio take notice, that
the often cutting ofeither Box or any other herb , is a
means to prevent the much running of the roots into

your knot, the fame reafon is for hedges or'borders. ,
So having given you as it were a tafle of what I could
have multiplyed very much, if I had thought it necefla-
ry 5 I proceed, and as lor the making of any of thefe on
the ground I {hall fay nothing, but only that you would
be careful {o to fit your work to your ground, that it may
lie pleafant and futable, noc too thick, butfo as there
may be convenient room to pals to every part of your
work; alfo convenient room for what you {hall Plant,
that it may not {mocher or hide any part of your work
that might yield delight, neither that you make your
work fo fpacious, but that you may have it 'pleafantl-y
in your eye at a view: let not your Walks be EQQyiittiC’,
neither too big, 1 ke a {mall-City with over-large gates.
And now 'I will proceed to fome eafie and plain direéti«
ons, very ufeful'for a-learner, how to level and bring a
Gardeninto {ome order and form. In the firfl place,
H h ' you

  

“er. “ 2

     
 

were; any
you are to provide, fo as to make your borders good ei-ur
ther with dungsor good earth,» or borh , that fo your
Trees or Flowers, or both may thrive the better, and
your fruit be the fairer; but as for that part of your
ground where your Walks are to be, it matters not how
Barren, Chalky, Graven-y or Stony they be, {0 that you-
be careful to pick out all forts of weeds that are not eafily
cleanfed or dei’rroyed by ordinary hand weeding, as ,
Twich, Nettle, Dandelion,(9'c. otherwife they may
provea perpetual trouble to you, .befide the charge of
often weeding; fo likewife if you make! Grafs-plots, it.
matters not how barren or poor the ground is, [0 it be
not either very fiony or barren Gravel, which ufually
fiarves any thing that grows on it, if the weather be but a .
little dry 5 but ufualiy grals grows fatter, in Gardens,
than molt Gardeners would have it; but if you intend
your, Plats for Flowers or Herbs, let your ground be
good and well cleanfed,butif for Flowers chiefly, then .
:1 {apply of earth from your Kitchin-Garden is bell, and
fupply your K‘itchin-gardenwith dung , your herbage
will be the better;

Now for the manner of going about to put your
Garden into form: Itis as followeth. Firli you are to
provide a quantity of handfome flreight [takes about
, fouror fiveioot long, being iharpened at one end, and
then about two foot and a half from the Wall or Fence, ,
where aborder is to- be made, rangea line, and then by
your line pitch downa couple of flakes of fuch a length
as your level will well reach tolevel the tops of them
exactly; let them fiand fair in the ground, and then in
the fame fireight range drive down another {take about
apole or two from your firfl, the which by your eye -
you may level with your firfl (takes, having one, whi-lfit A
you eye your flakes, either to raife or drive your flakes .
lower. as you {ball appoint, untillit be exaét , and then .
. ‘ you»,

_ 7%:Eiig11713 gardener. \ 319
you may proceed as before, as occafion requires,‘ until
you have flaked out all your borders by your Wall, or
out-fide-fence; and then youare to proceed to thee.
ther part of your ground, firflt meafuring the breadth
‘ you intend for your \Nalk round your Plot or outmo’fl
" Walk, and then at fome fpecial corner of yourintended
nextborder or .quarter: having ranged your line the
length of your ground , and call out your Walk,
pitch down a [lake exactly at the corner of your quarter,
and level it with one of your firfl (lakes, and then a fe~

» cond in the fame fireight line of the fame height or level
with the firfi, and ('0 proceed the whole length, pitching
in a (lake at every (pecial corner of your work, which
- will be a {landing rule to you, not only for the level of
your ground, but alfo for the exaél: carrying of your

' quarters fquare or equal, and having levelled as many
flakes as you think is fufficient for every part of your,
ground, go to your firll flake and confider what height
you are to carry your ground at,either as it will maintain
of it felf, or as the couveniencies you have to that pur-
pofe will bear, being careful that you do not raife your
ground (0 as to obflruét your door-ways or comings in,

= flu. and having confidered your heighr, make a notch on
your {take quite round at the height you intend to carry
your level, and then witha flick or rule meafure from

' the top of your (take, to the notchvor mask you made;
and according to that meafure go and notch or mark all
your (lakes, or as many as you think fit from the top
downward,and where the mark lalls robe, is the level

or height you propounded; (0 that after yOu " have mark-
ed your flakes, if you think upon due confideration that
you have refolved either too high or too low, you may
accordingly propound another height, and being refol-
ved, it is but faflening a line about the notch of one
flake, and fattening it tire about the notch of another,

H h, a and

~— - lam - uwwngtynigamwm j

and by it, if you cannor do withoutit , you may carry
on your work levelsbut in cafe-you would nothave your
ground of a plain level, to theend that any fall of water
may not fettle or, be apt to {land to the annoyance of
your Garden, or that thenarure of your Plat be [uch as
you cannot make a flat level with convenience, then you
may on' the fame (lakes fo pitched and. levelled as bee, ,
fore, allow what fall youthink fitior yéur turn, that if
you allowa foot, more or lefs at the utmofl: end or fide
of your gr«ound,,..thenhalf {0 much in the middle, é'c.
confidering that if your ground he of any large extent,
youmufi al'ow a greater {all for the purpofe aforei'aid -,
yet confidering that too great. afall may .‘be-as prejudi-
cial as toolittlesé'cmr if this-way feem too troublefome,
then you may take a couple of ' flakes, and according to
yourrormer order by a line, pitch in one at the hither
end, and another at the farthefl‘end of your ground, and
let them be both of a fumble-height above the ground
or levelyoupropound at each particular end, and then
between thol‘e two firft {lakes pitch in a third , levelling
itwith the two former by your eye, and ('0 as many as .
you fee convenient in order asaforefaid, and then mea-
furing from the top of your firfl [lake to the heighth you
intend after the manner atorefaid, by. which means you .
may carry a true falling or hanging level more or lefs, as
occafion requires , either raifing or abating as need re?
quires; and although; you carry the length of your
ground upon a falling level, yet you may carry every
particular range of flakes over-thwart or crofs your
ground, on.a.plum or flat level alter-your firil hanging
range is pitched, by which particular flakes you are to le-
Vel your over-thwart ranges, yet {0 as handfomely to
‘fllLe and. anfwer the. nat‘urall fall or level propoundj

min
B? .

t t

By this way of levelling you may ealilyrfind how or
which way to bring or carry any water-courfe from place~
to place.

In the next place you are to proceed tothe digging
and orderly finifhing of yourground, beginning firft with
your borders, exaé‘tlybrrmkmg the clods if occafion re-
quire, alfo carefully picking out all fuch weeds as will
notbe kill’d in the burying, laying your ground level
and orderly, and having diggedyour borders, to rake
them exaétly according to the levelof your ground ,
and then range your line, allowing what breadth you
think fit or convenient, withall allowing a matter of two
inches or. thereabout of mould on the ounfide of your,
line to tread or beat in jail even by your line, to the end
your borders may lie fall and handfome, and no: be too
apt to moulder down, and then to fet the edges of your
border clofe and handfome on the infide of your line, ei~
ther with Pinks, Violets, or any Other thing you think fit
that keeps always green, and having fet your range quite
through , clofe the mould to. your herbs firft' " on. the.
infide of your border wrth the edge of a Tile or the like,
making as it were a little gutter,in the which you are to

our your water when you water your herbs , which
ought always to be as foon as you have done fetting, ex-
cept in a very wet time, and then,if not before, to clap
the fide of your border with the back of your, Spade;
but if you defire to edge your borders with turff, be.
fure it benot a twitchy kind of turffifor that will be a
continual plague to your walks and borders, or you may.
{ow the edges of your borders with Pink feed , firfl:
making a trail or gutter fireight and even on the infide
of your line, and therein fow your feed as equal as you.
can, covering it with the fame or other fine mould. ._

After you have finiihed your ontmofl borders, you.
are toiproceed to the finifhing of your other burde'rs and

qu 31‘» ,

rv 3- » 7 W“—

T 7 "W'WWY'bE ergardmfi” "if?“

"ii: The 3Hugh/W W
' quarters with the like diligence aforefaid; as to their A
levelling, breaking of clods, and picking out of fuch
weeds as may proVe ofl‘enfive, and if you intend» your -
' quarters for knots or grafs, you are to rake your ground
as you go, that is, when’you have digged a little to rake
it level and then dig a little farther, and rake again, and
fo continue until you have finiihed your quarters; but in
cafe your ground be fine fand or the like, you may foro
bear raking until afterwards as you {hall hear anon, {o as
you lay it very level in your digging 5 alfo if your ground
be fo {mail that you can reach to the middle with your
rake, then your befl way and fpeedieft is to make an end
of digging firfi, and then rake it exactly: and having
proceeded thus far, whether you intend your plat for
grafs or knors, you are to tread it all over alike, and then
rake it again, and by fo doing your plat will fettle in eve-
ry place alike, which otherwife it will fcarce do, and then
you may proceed to the perfecting of. your intended
' work, and if you‘make grafaplats, and do notlay turff,
but low them, then youtbelt way is after you have le-
velled your ground to {ow it pretty thick all over, and
then to tread it in every place alike, and then take it o-
ver; and then fow it a fecond time treading-it and raking
it handfomely over again, and in fo doing the grais will
come up fo thick and handiome as the weeds will not ea-
fily get the Mailery as fometimes it dorh when it is fown
too thin, yet neverthelefs if any docks or other great
weeds come up amongfi your grafs, you are to weed
them clean out, and then by timely and often cutting
your grafs it will grow thick and pleafant; the truth is,
if gra s be not cut once in a fortnight at leafl in the grow-
ing time of the year, it will nor be handfome, befides its
aptnefs to feed, and thereby fpoiling the beauty and
handfomenefs of your walks or border. Af '
. ' ter

"I he Laugh/b gardener, 31;»
After you have finiihed your borders, knots or quar-,
ters as occafion ferves, then you are tomake your walks,
fitfl pitching arang‘e of flakes jufl in the middle, only a-
bout a pole or more afunder after the manner as you
were taught before, and according to the nature of the
level: butin cafe your walks are very wide, then you
are to have three ranges of (lakes for the more exact lay.
ing of your walks, but do not make the fall on each flde
of your walk too great or fliarp, but rather a fine, al-
mofl undifcernable fall,except your ground be vrry' apt
to lie wet, {0 great a fall is both unhandfome and un.
eafie for fuch as wear high heel’d fliooes 5 after you have
flaked your walk or before, you are to dig and level your
walk with its own earth or gravelbut in cafe the earth lie
too high or be too good, it will be your belt way to car-
ry fome ofit away fora better ufe, than only to walk on, .
and in the room thereof to bring and lay either Gravelor
Chalk, or the like, and when you have rough levelled
your walk, let it be well trodden or bear, that it may not .
fettle unequally,after you have finiihed; and thenha—
ving rough levelled as~aforefaid, then lay on your fine .,
Gravel if you have two forts, and remember that if you -
lay your fine Gravel of a good confiderable thicknefs,
you may once a year or once in two years new break o~ ~
‘ vet your walks, and flouriih them over with a little or
no charge, whereby your walks willbe as new again, i
The order of laying your,walks is firPc to fpread and rake
your grave] asit ought to lie, and then to tread it all 0-
ver alike, and then to rake it again, and then with a bea-
ter made of a piece of Plank to fettle it all over , not
bringing your rowl upon your walk until it be well fet-
led, except it be a light wooden rowl, leafl you caufe‘
your walks to lie in whamps, and after you have rowla .
ed your walks once or twice in a place at length, it will .
be a good way to rowl them over-thwartwith yourlighlt «
, row , r.

2:4. mung ~

‘ rowl,your walks will ihape the better ;' alfo in care tfie

 

g .

weather be very dry,it will be a good way after you have
ihaped your walks, to water them well with a watering

, pet, and then when they are [0 dryed as that you may

walk on them, you may bear or rowl them as you fee
caufe. .

Takenotice, thatif your gravel be of a very lean na-
ture, and have no earthy lubilance to cattle it to bind,
you may amend that fault by mixing aquanrity of lhort
lome or clay equally amongfl your gravel, but be cares
fulyou do not pht too much, leafl you make a worfe

(fault, therefore ufe the mean; much more might be

[aid as to the making of walks, as to the prevention of
worms'cafiing, for which fame ule {lore ol Salt or Soot,
and alfo for prevention of Mofs, éz, but being flraitned
for want of time, let this l‘ul’fice.

The fittelt and mol’t convenient {ea {on for making of
Gardens and Walks is the Spring, it being ufually the
mol’t temperate and fubtilell {eafon borhlor letting of
herbs and flowers, as likewife for the making of walks,

there being of: a fine intermixture of lhowers and warm
weather, as well as- dry 5 but In cafe your ground where

you would erect a Garden be very much out of order,
either being very much over-run with bad lorts of \
weeds, as nettles, twitch,€'5’r. which cannor be dellroy- ‘

ed with once or twice digging, or if'very unequal and out

_ oflevel,fo thatit requires much-railing in lbme places

and abatement in other places, whereby it will be apt to
fettle unequally , and cannot be [0 ordered on a fudden
as to continue handfome and level any confidemble
time: I fay in fuch cafes it will be your br'fl way to
cleanle and level in the Winter before, atleai‘t before
you intend to make your Garden, but it would be much
the better to give it one years Husbandry, and then you

may .crop it with {ome fort of herbage, either Peafe or

Beans,

\Ybe Ehgli/b gardener. 22.5")"

-Beans, and a crop of Turneps after them, taking the firfl:
opportunity, that [0 they may be goroff in good time,
and [0 by twice or thrice flirting or your ground in one
year, being careful to cleanfe and level it at each {tirring
as occafion requires, it will be the fitter, and readier, and
in better cafe to Plant any Trees, and much eafier to
make your Garden {0 as to continue hand fome the lon—
ger; and befides, you have the (cation of planting be-
Ore you, whereby you may finifh that work before-
hand,and nor deface or flnbber your Garden after it is
finiflied. -

The next thing confiderable , is the {eafons for the
increafing and planting of the divers varieties of herbs
and flowers, for the f‘urnifhing of the Garden of Plea-
{urez And firfl I will begin with thofe forts commonly
call’d Bulbo’s,or Onion-rowed flowers, fomething as to
the fliape of"Onions,fuch as Tulips, Crocus , Daffodils,
(93:. and although all or the moi! of them are ordinari-
ly, and may be taken up in the Spring and planted, both
before and in their flowering, and do pretty well if done
carefully and fpeedily; yet it is not the (melt and moflt
proper feafon for any of them that have fuch kinds of
toms, and therefore I would advife every one if they
ma to take another feafon for the removing of them,t-—_

fpecially if they be of fuch forts as they make any fpeci- ,

al account of; for many timesa year or two is loft by
removing in the Spring, and fomerimes the root is very
tender, except they be taken up with mould cleaving to
the root; and therefore take this general rule for all
{uch kinds of flowers (0 rooted as I {aid before, that
when the flower is faded, and the leaves of the Plant
withered, you may take them up without any prejudice
to them, and {0 much the (come: if you prevent its feed-
ing by gathering itorcutting of? the {talk when the
beauty of the flower is pail ; the fure feafons are {faith

I i $3,],

       
 

  

gulfiand Align/l, but il you [lay until Squash}, they:
then begin to take new root againflanorher year, and
than your-feafon is not good for the purpofe, but rather
a hinderance: By what hath been faid, you may eafily.
obferVe that lome forts may be removed a Month op
more before others of like nature, according to the early
' or late fl‘owring of them; as likewife according to the '
temper of the weather or {eafong for in a hot and dry
time flowers blow quick and fired accordingly, whereas
a more cool and moiil feafon caufeth flowers not only to v
continue longer in flower, bucalfo to be fairer in moll-
forts, except they be of? a very tender nature : having
taken up any of thefe forts of flowers we are {peaking or,
if you have an intention of keeping them any time out.
of the ground, which you may doto many of them for
five or fix Months, and fometime more without hurt to-
them if occafion require; you are firll to lay them in
the Sun, or in fome Window where they may dry , left-
being wet or damp,they ihould mould,or root, or occafi..
on their Springing before you are willing, which by taj
king wet or lying in a damp place, comes to pals {omen
times, and are {ometimes fpoiled : Butif your roots are
ofa more hollow or fpungy nature, as Frittilaria’s and
fome forts of Hiacynths, 0:. which will wilk,or be lim-
ber, or {hrivel if kept a little too long out of the ground ;
' for fuch forts, as alfo the roots of Ranulculo’s, if you be:
neceflitated to keep them out of the ground over-long,
, to mix with them {ome fine dry fand, which will keep-
them very well a confidErable time, but you mull not
keep them in a place that is damp or fubjeétto moiflure,~
. lfeafl they either fpring or do worfe..
What I havefaid concerning the aforefaid forts, you
, may obferve in fome meafure in the roots of Lillies and
Martagons, fuch roots as-are (call, but if necelfary ocean
fiun caufe you QQEIO‘ keep your flowerroots out of the
“ " " ” ground,‘.

I‘Vigroun'd, then it willbe your bell: and furefl courl'e to fet '

them again as {con as you may conveniently , whereby
the occafioning of fpoiling their feafona‘ble and hand.-
{ome flowering,as alfo there the hindering of their in,
acreafe is prevented, which fometimes happene'th by the
too long keeping them out of the ground, befid es other
cafualties; ou lhall oft find that divers forts being kept
long out of: eground,\villbegin to put out new roors
orfibres, if you perceive it, get {itch into the ground as
foon as you can, for then they are more apt to {poil than
before. In‘the planting or fetting of 'your Tulips, let
the earth be at leaft an inch above the top of the
root;

The next thing to be confidered, is the way of in:
creafing thefe forts of flowers, and that is either by the
{owing of their feed, Or by ofi-fets that increafe from the
roots of bearing Plants, which being taken off in due
feafon as aforefaid' and planted in a ground made hollow
and good, will in two or three years become bearing
roots; but be careful you fet not your_,r00ts in dung
leait they rot 5 as for the off- fets of the Crown Imperi-
a1 and Perfian Lilly , their off-fets are agreat while be:
fore they come to bear flowers.

Lillies and Martagons are increafed by the fcales t3.-

ken off from the lower part of the r00t,befidcs what 111-)

creafe it makes of it felf by offlfets, which in time will
come to bear flowers like the MOther- plant 5 let your
firs will thrive the better,and make the more increafe,
and in cafe you ufe dung about your flowers, be fure it
be very well rotted and converted to mould, and then
being well mixed with your earth, will do better then u-
fed alone, for dung is more apt to dry and fhrink in hot
and dry weather, and apt to fiarve a Plant, if not (up:

plied with moifiure. .
-I i 2 As

round be good and pretty free from fiones, your flow- ,

32a . '1‘ ”C" Dflglljfly 4735”” o .

As for the {owing of thefe forts of Bulbo’s rooted
flower, it is generally {0 foon as your feed is full ripe, or
at leaft about September -,but.there is a great deal of odds
'in the time of their coming to perieaion, for Frittillari-
a’s, and Hiacynth‘s, and Crocus comes to the flowering
a long time before Tulips, Crown Imperial, and Marta-
gons ; the molt frugal way offowing ol‘themis in Pots
or Boxes made for the purpofe, being fill’d with very
good fifted mould, do not fow your feed too, thick, co-
ver it about an inch deep or thereabout, let their {time-
tiou be pretty temperate, and after they are two years
growrh or more, you may take them up and. Plant them
in fome thinner order, take them up when they have
done growing as alorefaid. :, Take notice, that Tulips are
more apt to run down deep into the ground, than any 0-
ther fort, and therefore to be more often taken up than
other forts of Bubos Plants, your care muft be to keep
them clean from weeds upon all creations as need re:
quires. '

The nextforttobe‘fpoke to, is Emines-or Animons,
which is of that fort of Plant called Tuberes rooted. .

Thefe forts of flowers likewife are and may be taken
up in the Spring or flowering time, and may be with
lefs prejudice than many Other. Bulbos Plants as being
apt to draw new root quickly, whereas Tulips are not {0

‘ apt, but yet the belt feafon is (as I {aid of the fore-go-
ing forts) when the leaves are withered, and their {pring-
ing feafon is over, which is ufually from the beginning
of ”firm, to the end of 51M], and fometimes later in cafe
the weather. continue dry 5 but when theweather grows
cool and moifi, they begin to take new root again, and
then it is not ['0 feaionable to [fit them, efpecially to
keep dry outof the ground, whereas thofe taken up as
aforefaid and dryed a time in the Sun,may be kept found
and weilsnear a' year, efpecialiyif the reors have any

COB“

  

~ ‘1 1:: engine if” .

Iconfiderable' fnbftance 5 but if as I raid of the fore.go.

ing fort. they lie dampor take wet, they are liable to

fpoil or lofs; they are incresfed by parting their roots

either in their growing fealon, or when they are taken

up afterward, every little crum being apt to grow if

they be not too much wither’d or dry’d, all‘o they are

increafed by thefowing of their feed, which the fingle

fort afford pretty well (but not the double ”that I know

of) whereby many varieties are raifed; it you delire to

make increafe by (Owing, you are to take notice of your

feed whenit groweth near ripe, which you may know

by its partinga little near the flalk, fo that in alittle

time after it will be fit to gather, otherwife the wind will

quickly blow it away with the doun in whic-hrit is wrapt,

and being ripe and pretty well dryed, you are to part it,

and gently rub it between your hands with a little dry

fand, the better tofeparare it, and then to few it in fome

Pots or Boxes for the purpofe in fome very fine fifted

mould, if you add a little fine willow mould with your

earth, I think it will be the better;do not fow your

feed over thick, and then cover it about an inch deep

'with the like fine mould; the melt gainful feafon to
{ow it in,is as foon as it is ripe,let the fcituation be rather

{bade than Sun,let them be kept moderate moifl, you

may likewifc fow your feed in the Spring, ifyour feed

be {own pretty forward, and the earth and fcituationvee

ry futable; they may be forward enough to prick ouc

infome thinner order, time enough to get firength be“-
fore the Winter following; but ifyou. arenot forward

enough, then you mull take the Spring, you muft take
fome care of them in cafe of hard-weather, for I have

known many mifcarry ina hard or (harp Winter, the
feafon to Plant. your bearing r00ts that were taken u p in
their: fit feafon is in ulugufi or S (pteméex, fome of th em.
may flower before, or in the Winter, , if weather be‘ any.
. rung

 

 

W1}? , mmgm Vfidfififle W ‘
thing temperate, but chiefly forward in the Spring;
but if you keep Come of your roots, and Plant fome in in.
brimmif weather permit, and {ome in Ware}: or v! til,
you (hell have them flower in {everal feafons according
as you'planted them, only remember that thofe you
Plant to flower in the more hot feafon, let their fcitua-
tion be {uch as nor to be too much in the Sim, .for the
truth is, their natural {eafon is the Spring, which is come
monly pretty temperate, and therefore the more tem-
perate, the more agreeable to their nature, and in in
doing you may enjoy the pleafure of their beautiesthe
longer: 'Agaiu _ . _

Set nor your 'Eminie roots too deep,'neither in wet
nor firong cool ground, leaii they ihould ror, efpecially
the more tender or delicate forts, being {ct about an inch
or two at the mofl is fuificient in‘the molt temperate
ground, do not water your more choice kinds until they
begin to-fpring, exceptin hot and dry weather, yet form:
in cafe of late planting, in cafe their roots are very dry,
do put them into water to plump , which in '{uch a cafe
cannot hurt them._ ‘

Again, if your Eminies be of choice forts, trail not
the Winter with them, butrather keep them until the
beginning of diam/7, except you Plant them in Pors,
éo. then you may begin with them fooner by houfing
your Pots untill they have taken new roor, s

 

 

 

’ of Mr]? Flower: ca/Z’d Fibres, or/Iringy rooted Plants.

Hefe forts of Plants do much differ in their ufage

or Husbandry from the former, eipecially Tulips,

&0. and are molt regionably to be taken up to be part-
ed, flipt, laid and p nted in the Spring, and mofi of
them in their flowering with very little prejudice as to
. their

‘Tbe Enghfla gardener. 2;:
their wellobeing,and indeed the molt of them may with
a little care and diligence be removed and flipt lrom‘
Marl) until Bntbolmm-nde, efpecially if you take no.
tice of thofe direfiions concerning the ordering of f mall
herbs, in that part that treateth of the ordering of the
Kitchin-Garden, onely take notice, that. thofe forts-
that run up very much and forward intolfpindles for
flowers, would be dealt withall fomething the earlier,
or after their chief flowering is over; and be fure that
what feafon foever you take, be careful to keep your
flips or Plants pretty moift, until they have taken root
at lealt; alfo take notice, that for fuch things as ordina-~
rily indure the Winter, and are hardy, as Pinks, Vio-
lets, and many Others; for fuch you may begin in FF-
lmur; to fer them, as I have often, whereby they have
gained {0 good rooting, that the trouble of watering
them hath been raved.

 

. 0f Carnatiomand Gilly-flowers, and their Ordering.1

Nd Hill of the fowing of their feed, from whence
, .arifeth very many varieties according to the
goodnefs of the feed (own, and nature of the air in which
the are foon,and indeed few would believe the different
inchination of one and the fame fort of feed, being (even in.
,the fame ground where it was faved, and of. the. fame '
fort in a contrary air and ground 5 the obfervation I will
leave to each praétiticners and to the end you may have.
good varieties, your care mutt be to get or fave fuch as
come from good double flowers, or elfe it will hardly be
worth your: labour to fow and Plant them : having.
procured fome feed, you are to prepare a bed, which '-
ou ht to be both rich and well. prepared, and in a “term
perate fcituation, do not {ow ylonrfeed very thick, and
I eat

 

at:

. ‘Tbe Englifi'lfardener. ,. p
then cover it about an inch deep or 1er with fine mould,
or you may fpittle it in with your Spade, or you may
{ow it in trails, but not very thick; or which is a more
faving way, you may {ow-it in iome old half tubs or
boxes for the purpofe, and be careful! to'keep them
clean weeded and watered if occafion require , and when
your Plants are about two-or three inches high, "you
may take them up and plant them in fome thinner or-
der, giving them fome water at the planting and after-
wards, until they have taken new r00t, . and in cafe they
have been {own very thick, you mull begin the fooner
to Plant them out, but if they are too {mall to plant out
on beds, then it were good to prick them out in inch
like things as I named, that is, tubs,&c. if you remove
whill’t they arervery fmall, you may fetthem the nearer
together, and take up every-Other Plant afterwards when
they are better grown, they may Rand about half afoot
afunder or thereabout, where they may grow until you
fee what varieties you {hall have, and then you may take
them up with fome earth with them, and Plant them
where you would have them flower, nor forgetting to
water them at theirifirft planting5the feafon to {ow them,
is any time from the latter end of February to Mid/hm-
mar, or alittle later 5 they are pretty hardy, but being
~{own pretty timelyin the Spring, they will be large
rooted againfi the time of flowring, and accordingly will
yield more flowers,_ or more branches, or flips to in-
creafe by laying, which is the only {are way to increafe
. .from feeding, efpecially fometimes they will flower
the fame Summer or datum», if {own very time-

y Thefe forts of flowers are likewife increafed both by
flipping, and by laying, butlaying is abundantly the fa.
reft way: But firit, I will {peak of the fetting of their
flips. And firit, you are to prepare a Bed , which ought

to

5&5 Qg fiflnghlmydrmner.<* ' 2r}?
. to be of very fine and rich mould, and, fo (chanted, or.

at leafl; {rich provifion made, thatthe Sun come not at
them unttl they are'rooted , otherwifeone half dayes
Sun may fpo‘tl your labours, and frufirate your expecta-
: tron, efpecially if fetany thing forward whilfi the Sun
hath any ccnfiderable firength 5 the manner of flipping

is as followetla, make choice of inch (lips as are pretty .

flrong, not fuch as are final], weak, under flips, ii‘you
may have better, neither {uch as have divers {mall flips
Ion them, but yet even fuch being fet very timely in the
Spring, do often thri‘ve well enough, as l faid, let your
flips be one intire branch and not fpindled, the which
you are to cut offclofe to the body cr arm of the old
r00: if fhort, otherwife you may leave two Or three
Joynts, the which'may fpring out again 5 then take your
flip and trim ofl'Tome of the lower leaves, not-leaving
your flip wrth too great or bufled top, and then top the
Other leaves even, and then cut your flip even at the bot-
tom of a Joynt, and it it be pretty flrong, you may flit
it up to the next Joynt or higher, if the Joynts be thick
or neartogether: and then if you will throw them into
a pail of water for an hour or two, and then you may
fet them, having firft put a little earth or clay to keep
the {lip open; but ifyour flip be weak, you may forbear
flittingit,and then fetthem pretty near together , but

not very deep, to {mother the fprout blade, and then wa. ‘

ter them well, keeping them moifi, not fufferiug the

Sun to come at them until they be rooted, and then,but *

by little and little, yet giving them air as much as may
be withoutSun; and when they are prettywellroot-
ed, you may gently raiie them or Cut them out wrtha
little mould, abiding to each root, and then Plant. them
where you would have them grow, norforgetttng. to
water them at the firfl: planting at leaft: Take norrce,
that butLiew oi thofe'flowers It;omr:nonly raifed of feed

’ , K . are

 

WW We WW) wager;

are apt to grow of flips in comparifon of thole forts of
old flowers call’d Cloves, Carnations, Dovers, and fome
Others; and therefore it will be your befl way to pro-
pagate them and all other forts of choice ‘Gillyflowers,
by laying; the order and manner whereof followeth,
only take notice, that the feafon for fetting flips, is any
time from Marc), until Barthelmcmtia’edf your roots will

afford fuch flips as “peak of 5 but the chief fe‘afon is .

33am, $141], and Angujl. Now the end of laying, is that
your {lips may take root before you cat them off from
their Mothervplant,the manner is thus : Take the branch
or flip you defire to increafe or lay, and with a {harp
Pen-knife cut oEfome of the under l'eaves, at leaf! [0
many as are any way troublefome as to the performance
of your work, then make choice of that Joynt that is
‘ moi} convenient either to lay down into the ground, or
in a lay pot, é’c, and then with your knife beginning a
little below the Joynt on the under'fide of it, cut it up-
ward with a flit to the next joynt above, or more, if the
joynts be very near together; alfo if your layer be flifE
and not pliable, it willbe belt to flit it the more, flit it:
. in the middle, yet fo as your layer may have convenient.
fiabflance 5 as likewife that part that is to feed it,then cut
that end ofyour layer where you began to flit it, jufl at
the bottom of the joynt where it is to take its root , and.

r then with a piece of its leaf, or a little earth,é~c.you may -

caufe the Hit to keep open. And lafily, if it lie near the

ground,,which ought to be made loofe or hOIIOW, you

may bend down your layer,- and with a hooked flick.
thruft into the ground, keep your layer in its place , lay.
ing about an inch thicknefsof’fine mouldgupon it, about“
the placewhere it was laid, and then f prinkle a little wa-
ter on it at firfllaying, and afterward in cafe it grow dry;
and in cafe your layer grow fo high you cannot bring it
to the ground, then youmay make proVifion either with.

W:

O

771w. Birgit/E §arn7ener3 2;;
'lay-pots,of which there are divers made on purpofe,with
a flit or notch on the tide, the better to let your layer in- '
to the middle of your pot, or orher convenience to like
purpofe; being filled half full of mould firl’t , and then
with a piece of leather or hat.paring,to keep your layer
down , you may fill your pot up with mould, and wa-j
ter it as occafionrequires; {ome cut the tops of their
layerat firf’t,and fome do not, the matteris no: much,
and by this means you may quickly make a confiderable
increafe ofyout Gillyflowers; the time of their taking
roorfufficient to Plant out is fomething different, for
fome forts will be forwarder in rooting in three weeks or
a month, then Others will in twice the time. I may fay
the like of the {eaion or weather, therefore if you fee
your-layer thriving and lufly, you may open the earth
a little gently near where it was laid, and you may cali-
ly be {atisfied whether it be fuflicient to cut off and
tranfplant; your layers being rooted, you may with the
back of your knife do away a little of the earth, a little '
above the place where it was laid, and cut it ofl, raifing
it up with its-mould with care, leall the weight thereof
fhould tear off the root from your layer, then with your
knife cut off that little remnant piece that remains near
the root of your layer, either clofe by_ the root, or elfe
cut it olfata joynt,thatit may likewrfe take roor, o. ,
therwife it may wt and prove prejudicial to your Plant,
and then You may Plant your layer either on convenient
beds or pors, as you think fit, reme’mbring asI oft ad-
moniih, to water and {hadow at 511’: planting, if occafion
require; the feafon to lay flowers is, and may be, from
the beginning of March, until Michaelma, if your room ,
have fuflicient branches for the purpofe; it is befi lay-
ing hold on the firfl: "and mofi feafonable opportu-
nity, by (0 doing you occafion your old motto make
a farther improvement, befidé inc advantage you have

3 K!

 

      

in the forwardnefis of our oung roots. .
ery much more mig tbe aid concerning thefe lrinds
of‘flowers, as totheir advancement and prefervation;
as alfo concerning the Artificial preparing and mixture
of earths, tending to the aforefaid end. But 1. [ball fay
but little more than this, thata good midling'tempered
‘ mould or earth that— is freila, and hath not .been ufed in
and about Plants of like nature or temper is naturally
befi; for‘it is an unquefliomble truth, that feveral kinds
of Plants draw feveral forts of juice or nourifhment from
the Earth,even that which is mofl natural to them,as is
‘commonly to be obi'erved ramongit Husband-men in
changing their crops upon one and the fame ground, be-
ing irelh and gOOd for one fort of Grain, and not for
another fort that grew on the‘fame ground the year be-
fore, except in cafe the ground be new and in very good
heart, and thereupon may bring one fort of crop two
years together; but if you think your earth be not
quick enough, or otherw‘rfe defective, there are feveral
'fortsoiearth or mixture eafilyto’be had to amend the
defeét; as in cafe it be too heavy or clogging, fine {and
with a little willow mould or lime rubbiih ol‘oldwalls;
616. and {0 on thecontrary, as need requires; many
good Flowriflsmake ufe ofa little willow mould to i‘trew
in the hole where they {et their flowers, to draw root the
‘quicker, overmuch may do harm, in cauling your flow-.
ers to be {omewhat the more apt to'canker, é'r. another
thing to be taken notice of concerning thefe flowers, is
their fcituation, which tendeth much to their advance-
ment, as to the continuing of them longer in their beau-
ty,and more large and fiately in their flower; and this
is only by fetting them where the Sun hath not much
power,as in fome places where trees keep off the violence
of the Sun,or by planting them where they may net have
above a quarter _Sun,and that in the molt temperate time

of

. a

 

"' We angst/byemerierw -.

of the day 5 and this is one of the chiefefl ends of fetting.
flowers in pors , becaufd they may {0 ea‘flly. be removed
from one place to another, as the weather or time of the
year requires; for the Sun haflens flowers to perfeé‘tion,‘
caufing them quickly to flower, and quickly to fade,
'and {o to perfeét their feed 5 a-lfo in cafe of much Rain,
it is good either to remove your pOts of flowers under
fome fliade, or tola'y them fide-ways on the ground,and
although much wet he an enemy to choice flowers, yet
convenient moifture is fo neceifary, as without it the
earth cannotgive life and vigour to your Plants, .
Again’ for my part, whenl have principal refpeé‘t to
the increafe and improvement of my Plants 5 Ido not
love to confine them within the bounds of a pot, but
rather Plant them in form indifferent temperate icitua—_
rion, where they may not be fubjeét to any extreamsr '
Another thing1 pracftifed amongfl thofe that delight
in the fairnefs and trim growing of their flowers, is pret-
ty timely to crop ofi divers ot the fpindles from their
Plants , in cafe many do {hoot forth , as in fome forts
there do -, as allo divers oftheir buds for flowers whilit
' very young, leavingbut afew, to the end they may be
the larger. ' '
Alfo for thofe that are apt to break the Pod too much
upon on fide, you are for the more handfome and grace -'
ful blowing of your flowers, before they are too much
crackt, to open the Pods a little equally on each tide, yet
To as not to bruife or deface your flower in the bud 5 alé
f0 befides the opening of the Pod, fome ufe to wrapt a.
bout them a thing call-’d Ox-gut, which being a little
wot, will flick and keep the flower from breaking 5 Others
u-fe other things, though not {0 handfome as the bark of
alhen flicks wrung off, being green and {zippy1 and cut in-
to Reveal rings as it were, whieh ferve to keep their
flower Pods in handfom: order,},[ome onely tie them, '
. ‘ " ' ' , ' either

Wewfinghfiyardenfi.

either with bars, thread,or yarn, others in time convei
nient fave the Wefand-pipe of great Fowls, as Geefe,
éc.‘ and beingicut into feveral rings, ferve to put over
the Pods oi the flowers, thereby caufing them to blow
round and hand fome.

Alfo amo‘ngfl the feveral inconveniences that 93x1]-
flowers are fubjeét to in their floating , Earwigs are nor
the leaf}, for inalittle time if not prevented, they will
deface and put an end to the beauty ofyour flowers , by
eating the fweetends of the leaves or the blofl‘om, and
arelikewife deflruéiive to their feed, if not defiroyed in
time 5 for prevention whereof, you are to Rick up divers
flicks near your flower-roors, and upon them to hang or
fatten either {ome hollow Canes or Kickes ,or the Hoofs
of Cartel, into whichthings they will creep for ihelter,
and then every morning at lealt, to take them 05', and
knock them on the ground, and deflroy with your foo:
fo many as you fee 5 and. then put thofe things in their
places again, not neglecting to do to every day, once at
leaf}; {om-e have tried other means for prevention of
shefe kinds of Creatures, as the fetting their pors in'
{ome {hallow things that would hold water,whereby
thefe. Vermine could not come to their flowers, but
through the water , orher inconveniencies do happen to
fome,whereoi l have {poke already : Butler this fuffice
fOr the prefent. -

 

/

Oftbc ”daring and increafing of A’uriculo’gaurr-cn, (or
4; me call them) Firnrb-Cavflipr.

Ecauie oi the great refpeét that this pretty fort of
flower mm, by reafon of the abundant varieties

70: Colours it is apt to run into by {owing of the ieed .-

I Shall fer down a little concerning its increafe; and .6111 of
_ . the

‘Ibe bnghjb gardener. A 2.39.
the {owing Of the feed,the which is not altogether {0 hard
to get 5 1 mean fuch as is aptefl to bring good varieties,
as heretofore --, for now, not only Dutch, and Walloon
Flowrifls , which were the mofl diligent Savers and
Sowers hereof, but divers of our Englifli Plowrifls and
Gardeners do fave and fow, and raife great incrcafe
thereof, and therefore the eafier to procure 5 and being
furniihed therewith, you are according to your quantity
to provide either fome brand-pan like a milk- pan, or
fiowenpots, or any the like convenient thing (for you
are no: to low it on beds as orher forts of feed are or
may) then you are to fill your pan or like provifion with-
{uch r0tten earth or mould, as is to be found in old de-
cayed Willows, let it be fifted , efpecially the upper-
moft of it, and thereon {ow your feed not over thick, for:
that will prove fome lofs if you? feed be good, then co-
ver it with fome of the like lifted mould abouthalf an
inch; let your {cituation be temperate, rather {bade
than Sun, efpecially in the Spring. The {eafons are from
the mid ft of September , to the middle of NW. at which.-
{eafons I have had itcome very well; you are to take
fome care of them in the Spring, being apt to be {pewed'
or raifed out of the ground, efpecially by fmall Frolls
hollowing the earth: Indeed it is a Plrnt of . flullow~
rooting, that it is very apt, though pretty well grown, tow
be turned out of the ground ; and therefore we findthat
they do bell hold and inc-reafe, being planted in a pretty
fall kind of ground, Other-wife a place that hath but little-
Sun, for they are ordinarily hardy enough as to cold 5
fometimes by fowing too late, or too dry, or over deep
covered the feed, will lie until the fecond feafon before
itappears; but being {own in fit feafon and order, ac-
cordingly it will come up' aboutfeven months aft-er;-.
you may very much preferve your young Plants in the
Spring, by covering them conveniently with‘Bafs-néatsg, 9%:

ot -.

 

. both from the Sun, and F

 
   
  

   
 

  
 

":1

   

7}, fl}; ; q: T. 4
g 4 'rofl'yomornings , let them no:
feafonable morflure as occafion requrres; and when your
.Plants are about the breadth of a- penny, you may prick

I..
M. m

_ them out in pots, or Other the like convenient things, tin-

til they have got more firength to be planted on conve-
nient beds, the which you are to trench with either new

‘rCow- dung, or other new dung, whereby the worms will

not be f0 apt to turn them out, until they have gor fome
convenient hold in the ground; in fome forts of ground,
they will not thrive unlefs they be let in pots, and have
convenient air,but little Sun, and that temperate; your

' told roots mufl be new earthed or moulded once a year

a.

~atleafl, they are fo apt to work outof the ground; if

you do Plant in pors as mol’t do their choicefl, you are
to fill your pot half full of good rotten Cow-dung,
whereby your flowers Will be fair, and not fiarv'e in fuch
narrow bounds; let them not want convenient water-
.ing, they are fometimes apt to rot, el‘pecially being
planted in a wet feafon at the decliningof the year, they
are very apt to grow of flips, but the Spring is the belt
feafon; for towards the declining or the year, the
worms are more apt toturn them outof the ground:
More might have been faid as to the ordering of this

fort of Flowers, and for the choice of Colours to bring

the molt and bell varieties; but being firaitned, let this
fuffice. '

~—

 

,,_____ w’— ”A

of prim-rafts and Polianters, ('75.

H e feeds of any of thofe forts that bearfeed, which

are chiefly the fingle, of leveral forms and co-

lours, being lower either in the Spring or “mums for
I have - {oxen in‘both (cations, and have had very pretty
varieties come , and ionic contrary to their: MOther-

-‘ “new mam

nizmmpgcwzyamemr. afar"

plant; their fcituation o‘ughtrra'ther robe {bade than
Sun, if you {ow in Autumn defer-not, that {0 your Plants
may get flrength before the Winter, which will be apt
to heave them out of the ground, and make you fame
wprk to prick them in again: Ihave {own fomething
late at that time of the year, and have had them come
up very well in the Spring following. l have likewiie
(own in the Spring, and the next Spring after I have
had fine varieties of Flowers; the favingefi way to
fow, is in pots or the like, and a {hady fcituation is belt;
they grow and increafewellofl‘ the flip and parting of
them,and new planting of them once inayear or two,
caufeththem to flower more frequent, borh early and
late in cafe of temperate weather. 7
Hepatica’s are likewife increafed by fowing, as well as
by parting their roors; alfo the feveral varieties of Lon-
don-tufi'ts, orPride of London is increaied the fame

wa . .
{slow by ”what! have written; youmay ealily guefs
what improvements may be made by {owing of the feeds
of divers Flowers and Herbs, which iiI thought were
necelTary, I could have inlarged upon. ‘
This already being fijflicient for any ingenious young
practitioner, l (hall conclude as to this.

To the end any young Practitioner may readily know)
what to [ask or inquire after for the furnifhing oftheir,
'Gaidens, I have here-under, fer down aCatalogue of
Flowers, as I have of Herbs at the end of the Kitchin-
Garden; both iuch as are yearly to be raifed of Seed,
call'd Anuels; as alfo others of divers kinds, and be-
caufe many are very much taken and affected with fur-
niihing of their Flower-pots, for the Adorning of form:
Rooms in their Houl'es,é'c. '1 have fet down the Names
of divers forts and kinds,thatl such: for the aforefaid
' ' L put:

Snap Dragons, divers varieties..

242’: ~ 7M‘fingW?‘§flW r.
purpofes, in regard of the length of" their Stalks or
Branches .-, as alfo of inch as are only for Ornament in
their places where they grow, or for Nofeagayes: And.
firfl, of thofe call’d Annuels, yearly to be (own, '

Adonis- flower.

African-Marygolds.

Scarlet-Beans.

Coventry Bell-flowers,

Great blew bind- weed, or Connuvolu’s major-r
Small bind-weed,or Connuvolu’s minor,
Catch-fly, two forts.

Candy-tufts, two or three varieties.

Fennel- flower or Nigella, two or three varieties._
Fox-gloves, white and red, '
Small white flax.

French Honey-fuckles.‘

Honefiy, or white Sattin.‘

Hollihocks, double and fingle.

Larks-heelsr or Spurs, divers varietiesa,

Lupins.

Melancholly Gentleman,

Mothomullins , four or five varieties.
Marygolds,double. '

French Marygolds, two or three varieties.

. Princes Feather, two forts ordinary. ,
. Princes Feather,,or Amoramus, divers varieties.

nun-tender...

Pearl-grafs.

Tree Primrofea

Double Poppies, divers varieties.
Indianor Musk Scabious, divers varieties..
Sianus or Botels, divers varieties.

Spaniih Saffron.

~ 7,. i. wig K- ‘ “.3; . .

’TévEnglm‘iarJvM m
Stock Gilly flowers. ,
Venus’s Looking-glafs.

A

The]? are Ii/tmife mfed of Srced, and 'Arc likewifc increafcd
by flipping, [hurting their roots, and laying fit to [anti/b a
Flower-pot. '

Hampionsl _
Canterbury Bells.

Columbines, of divers varieties;
Crains- bill, of divers forts.
Carnations, or Gilly-flower.
Everlafling-peafe.
Fraxanella_
Goats-Rue. \
Whitfon-Gilly-flowersfinglei
Wall-Gilly-flowers,fingle.
Stock.Gilly-flowers,double and fingle,
Hollihocks, double and fingle.
Sweet ]ohn.
A double white flower, call’d White Marygoids

I {uppol‘e of the kindred of the maths.
None-Such,or flower of Brifiow finglc.
Pinks double and fingle.
Snap-dragons.
Spanifh-tuffts.
Throaewort, a for: of BelLflower. ‘ ,
Valerian,red,and the greek,bo;h white and blew.

M , L1 2. - The]:

it?

WW ' 'vafiVY'JW-WVTF WW" """-’"' (fr-51:3; 7‘ y 1 "f ‘ ~:1»‘*‘_'.‘ .-vv
" 1 . h. . + 1'- .r o I." e .15: [113?" ' at n ,9
1 1-114-1- e‘ ”8 ' 3:“: 5’

 

Theft are generally imreafed byflz’fiing and partmg, “”1 fi"
fora Flower pot.

llfier atic.,us or Italian {tar wort ,apt to run 1n 3
' Garden
atchellor Buttons or double Campions, four or five
varieties.
Peach leaved Bell- flowers, both blew and white.-

Double Crowfoot, divers forts, befides the more choice.

forts known befi by the Latine name Ranulmlo’ .r.
Crimfon Cardinals- flower.
Double Featherfew.
Hungarian Dead- Nettlel
Spanifh knap weed
Lichnes, or double none-fuch.
Ladies Smocks-dou’ole.

~ Live ever, or Life everlafliug.‘

Blew Marygolds.

Periwtinckle, three or four varieties, befi'des the great

Double Rockets or Whitfon July flowers, three va.
rieties.

Double Sope-wort, a bufie runner in a Garden, bath

. white and Purple.

Double Sweet-Williams

Double Wall. Flowers, three or four forts.

Willow—Flower, a troubl-efome GuePt 1n a_ Garden ,.

though pretty for a Flower- pot.

75* ”fix/5" Widen». 91$“-

' 15: name: of other fort: nf Flowers, 60th Bulb’s and 7:46:-
fl'r rooted,fit to {and}: a Garden, and adorn a Flower-pot. '

Nemonies, or Emines, many varieties.
A Crown Imperial,a double,and two forts of fingle.
Corn- Flags, two forts.
Frittilaria’s, feveral varieties.
Flowerdeluces,Bulbo’s,i1ndTubero’s,very many rarities;
Hyacinths or Jacynths, divers varieties. ' ‘
Indian Juca.
Kings-fpear, yellow and white.
Lillies> four or five varieties..
Molies, {everal varieties. ‘
Marragons, fix varieties at leaii.
Munks-hoods.
Pionyes, fix or feven varieties.
Perfian Lilly.
Star- Flowers, divers varieties.
Tulips, abundant in varieties.
Bulbo’s Violets, of a large fort.

 

 

 

The names of divers other pretty Flowers, fit to fumi(b a
Endemmdfame of tbem may few: for the Flower-pot ,-
efpedallytft/zty grow in Ric/2 ground, or fland until tbej
artful/yandcomplmtly blown; mo]! Bat/60’: roots.

Ulbo’s Violet fmall,two or three forts,- {5 _
Crocus, and Saffron-flowers, many varieties, 'rj
Colchecoms, double and fiagle, five or fix varieties.)
Grape-flowers, varieties.
Hollow-roor Flower, of fame call’d'dwarf or ground 1103;,
ny.fuckle;of others, a fumetary,two [9“er

_ Marracock, or Paliioitf‘flowera',
' / R‘annlé-

   

.Ranulculo’s,befidesthofell have mentioned before: I

 

Sow-bread, varieties.
Spid er—wort, varieties.
VVInter-wolfs-bane.

 

Order/m: (it tofumifl: 4 Garden, (5'6.

Arren- wort.

Bears'ear, or French Cowflips, and Bears-ear fa.
. utckle. ’ '
Cowflips and Pagles, divers.
Hepatica’s, four varieties.
JerufalemCowflip, two forts.
Crifmas‘ flower.
Dafies,divers double.
Indian-crefTes,or Naflerfian Indicumi
Lilly of the Valley. '
Marvel of the World. -
Mandrake, Golden Morale-ear}
Navel-worts, three or four varieties.
Pances or Hearts-cafe, feveral.
Primrofes and Polianters, divers.
Sultans flower, or Turky Corn-flower.
Violets.

I forgor to mention itbefor‘e,'it will be your beft way
every year to raife your choicefl and tenderefi Annual
Plants on a hot bed, I mean, the finefl forts of Amaran-
tu’s,Perpurio, African Marygolds, yellow Larks-f‘pur,
with divers orhers,and by To doing, you may fave Seed
of them molt years, orherwife you may mifs,

The manner of marking a hot bed, is fer down to-
wards the end of the Kitchin-Garden, to which I refer
you 5 as for others, you may {ow them in feveral places
in trails,or orherwife a few in a place.

' ffhns

    

  

n" (fir-11mm. .
Thus lhave fet down the ordinary names. of many
varieties of Flowers,and althoughl have no: o'bferved
lohandfomeamethod as might have been wifht, yet it
may {ufficiently anfwer my end; namely that young:
praétitioners may know What to {eek or inquire for, for
the aforefaid purpofes.

 

 

Hm folimvctb the name: of diver: Flawring'trces, which are
pretty Ornaments to help to farm/1: a Garden, 6.

Apple»

Peach > With double Bloffoms.

Pear,

Cherry. '
Melerion increafed chiefly by fowing, {ometimes by lay.

lng.
Jaflamines; feveral by fuckers or layers.
Shrub-mallows,by laying. ,
Honey-fuckles or Wood.bines, feveral by cutting and;

ltylng.
Gilder-rofes, by fuckers and laying.
Lelacks, two or three forts asthe former.
Siringa, by fuckers,é‘c.
Laburnum, by feed.
Senas, two or three forts by feed, évc.
Clematis, double and fingle by laying.
' Prim or Prinet, being brought into a Tree, is- pietty for
.Flowers in its feafon, though common..
Bladder-nut-fuckers.
Lawrus Tinus by laying, fometimes by cutting.
'Pomgranet, double and tingle, of fome is houfed,increaa,
fed by laying“. alfo of Seed, '

The

 

.112: mm: affair: [om ofwcr-gmmbkt m bard}; tbe,
Two/i of the» are invaded £1 cutting , and king,
[one of Seed. - ' '

l Llaturnus,or ever-green Primer;

Arbutus, of (cm: houfgd, but dorh Well in a
warm fcituation. “

Arbor-vita.

Box, three forts.

Bayes ordinary.

Cherry-bay, or great Lawrelo

Lawrus Tinus.

Cypres.

Firr-tree;

Holly,both red and yellow-harried V
Plracantha. 1 . trfl
Perriwinckle,great and (mall.

Pine—trees, two forts.

Yew—tree.
Ever-green, Oak.

_'.'».-'3FM¢1» 44%» <~ crow '

 

 

 

 

The mm: of 4ft», oftcna’er or bra/edgmm, mm :4 z: u
irmcafc tlymprcfir've.
1“

Mg.
, .
r

Range.
. eron.
irrdn,

Olianders.

Mirtles, four or five forts; , ,
-;Wirh many other for-ts, which ‘at prefcnt I cannot -3

call to mind. , ‘ 2 -
Amongfi thofe forts of Plants mentionéd in this Book,

rhcfe are fit to Plan: about Arbors, which being Often

' " and

{a
i

’ i ‘ ”W ' * ‘ gtgiw “Laws!

and feafonably clip: after they are {preadaud tied in e:-
‘very bare of naked place, as occafion ferves, will thicken
and be handfome, and your Arbor will indui'e and up-
.e hold it {elf 'withlittle repair, but by the'negleé't of the
. fortner'direétions your Arbour will quickly run to mine.
‘ Sweet-bryer. ’
. HoneyJuckles.

Clematis.

eifamine.

Scorpion-Sena;

Prime or Prinet.

Tamarisk; \

Rofes, white ‘Franlrfordfi’c. - »
Alfo if_ any defire it, white buih will make a very dura-

ble Ar or. ‘
Alfo Plum-trees, with divers other the like;

But if you would have it always green then

‘ Cypris, very good;
k Piracantas.
’Filaree, none better.
Allaturnus.
Holly, or

Lawrels, (9?; ,
As for hedges in Gardens, they'are and may be made

of feveral forts of lhrubs, as every 'one fancies stt it 'is
hell to make them of one intire fort of fluff, becaure' of ,
their futable or handfome growing together; for being
mixed, one fort differs in grthh from another, fome reg
quiring to be cut twice to Others once:By the often clip-
ing of Your hedges, they will grow thick, flrong, and
han‘dl‘ome, by the negleét the contrary.

« Hawthorn or white-bulb is be it.

Prime.
Gable-berries, ' or Currans, expect to be littleand mean

. fruit, ifyou keep ydur’ hedge handfom‘e.
. H i ' M m; Sweetf

 

 

‘SWeebb‘ryerjt mutt be cut» olt as grafs, elfeno: haw: '

fome.

Suckers of Plums, and of fome young horn. bean, é'c. '
If you would have them alway green, you may let: ".

Box, the Englithisfpeediefi. -

Pilate. -

Holly.

Laurus tinus.‘

Piracantha.

Alfo Periwinkle, for low hedges being oft cut will be-
handfome.

Alfo Melerions, being planted ina {height line as an- ’
hedge,will in their Flowring feafon be very fweet and.

pleafant, and f0 much the more acce ptable,.bein g ear:
ly in Flowring. .

Perhaps it might be expecfted by fome, that I {houldi
fay (omething as to the obfervation of the Moon,in Sow- _

mg, Planting, Grafting, 8c Pruning ; but the truth is,I~
have been always [0 incumbred through the multiplicity

of bufinefsmeceflit being likewife prefent always with

me: So that Ico d not, either take the opportunity,
or make obfervation of any [late of the Moon, and the
fuccefs thereof, in any of my labours; but aifuredly,
n0twithfianding the bell of my diligence,1 have not al.

‘ ways had like fuccel's where ever the fault was: But 1'
{ball {ct downa little what fome Others have writ eon-r . 2

cerning the obfervation of the Moon. And firfi, one
faith,that to have Plants or Seed grow fpeedily in height,

you are to fow them in the increafe of the Moon ," bath.

inlight and motion, and pofited in an airy fign.

But to have your Plants take belt hold downwards"- ,

_ in the root, then to let the Moon be in anearthl Ego.

' The fame Author faith likewife, that no he; or fruit =
either {et or {ownin the Wane 9f the Moon ,- hath £3:
8 t

 

gem W

 

   

7" ; "1 he Hagan grammar:

goodnefs of telliih,that is naturally proper to that herb or
ruit, only he dorh except Peale, which he faith being
{own in the increafe of the Moon, will [till he blowing »
and bloiToming.

Alfo that Vines or other Trees {hould not Spring or
{hom too fail, you mull prune them in the wane of the

Moon.

Alfo that things may keep found and lafl‘long, (re.
from worm-eating,you are to gather or cut them in the
wane of the Moon: Thus far Mr. Ramfie.

Another writeth,‘ that it is hell Grafting at the full
Moon, as caufing Grafts to come away with mofl v1.»
gour. but the wane caufeth them to bear over foon.

Others appoint two or thtee days beforegand as much
after the change to Graft in; (cm: alfo affirm the wane
of the Moon beft‘to inoculate,butii the former Rules
be true,this mutt be otherwife: So that you fee here is
difference in judgment, but let every one endeavour fea-
fonably for the time of the year, and futably for the kind
offiock and fruit,and exaa as to the right form and man ~
ner,8t- then there is hope of fuccefs be the Moon in what
Rate it will. I will fet down one thing more, which I
read in Mr. Wing: Almanack, 1 661. the which I alfo
as I remember did read at another timein one of Mr.
Booker: Almanacks,his words are thel'e: Ink 4 common
Ohferwtim in wflrology,’and Confirmed h] Experience;
that what Car» or Tree: fewer arefet orjown, when the Sun
or allow are Eeltpfed, and the Infortumte Planets preac-
nimnt, feldy or never come: to good : Again he faith
thus, It 13' 4 common and certain Ohfer'vetim alfli, that if
any Com, Seed or Plant he either fet arfown within/ix hear-t
either before or after'thefull when in Summer, or hefore or
after the new Mom in Winter, having jawed with them the
Ca mica! rlfittg afArfiurus and Orion, the Haadi and Si-
cu i‘, t't‘fuhjefi to hlafiing and Canker. And thus much I

Mm a . thought

      
 

 

3., 33 33.4.3, , 3. ‘ §~.~. .3 3-1,: _ T3333! 3 ”3“,.” , _'3 3 ,3 :3
J théughtgo‘dd tflcho h‘cohcetgigigthe-obfuvationo'f‘
tfic,M00n,out,6f Other mens Writings; but as ,for the
‘ manyRulés concerning the threepms of Gardening-
- which Ihave Written,[ have only made" ufe of my own
practice “and obfervation, '(except the Catalogue’of:
fruits which I have mentionedflkhpugh in fome places ,I
havc’wattefi as if I had fet down qflxer mensjudgmentsfi
but. affutedly, the method is my own, which I com-
mend to every one that defircs to praC‘t-icc the hatch;
way tothe‘Art of Gardcnhgfl , . _

   

44.
..

 

  

' 1‘
W 3;
ca . w, v 3 3

.' r '96»?
”far 977%? ww—

(-
, .
A—afi—fl
L ‘-

 

 

 

 

- ,6“ ‘
U.C. BERKELEY LIBRARIES

CUBEHQSHUE