I j W ' ' 351° OF SURFACE CURRENTS‘ {NORTH ATLANT 1C \ 3mm our ‘\ @“R , .F‘W M LL FEB 23- 1955 ~\ « \‘flA‘fQNELoGYLEW“ ((S PUBLISHED BY THE EYDROGRAPHIC OFFICE, UNITED STATES NAVY UNDER THE AUTHORITY OF THE SECRETARY OF THE NAVY FOR SALE BY THE HYDROGRAPHIC OFFICE WASHINGTON 25, D. C. PRICE $1.20 FIRST EDITION-REPRINTED 1947 _ 7 > (Formerly H.O. Misc. 10,688) H. 0. Pub. NE. ”571,: 0.“ C. Chidley P \ g”; NORTH ATLANTIC OCEAN SURFACE CURRENTS AND TEMPERATURES JANUARY SOURCE OF INFORMATION The information relating to monthly surface currents shown on this chart was compiled from observations made during the month for all years prior to 1935 by the co-operating observers of the Hydrographic Office. Observations were not considered reliable where tidal currents prevailed; where winds, sea, or swell of force 6 or above were recorded; where the vessel’s draft or trim would cause excessive leeway; or when doubt existed as to the meaning of the entry “Nil” on the current report. All current calculations are based on the MEDIAN POSITION method; namely, each observation is applied at only one point, that point being midway between the beginning and end of the ship’s run for which the current observation was made. Fame Pt. Father Pt. + “\ 6“ .+ 36““? Magdalen ls 0.9“ X. SLJohn Portland Portsmouth C. Boston C. 7 New York [4.4 Philadelp 4 Amour Pt. NEWFOUNDLAND 4 2”) ___,,_, Baltimo . . . . . . . 19.0 Washingto 3 I I r\ 4.3 4.3 v\ (\ 4.3 4.6 3.1 | '\ 6-— ‘\ 3.: 4.3 1 2 I ‘\ (—- r\ 4 6 6.0 (~(-—1\ KR 4.4-. I3.0 HISPANibiA I 6 3 I 4 H H 6‘ T\ A I4.4 l6.8 I7. 25 (—(—-<—— |4.6 I9.9 I5.8 I K 5.5 I7 I 7.3 (__ (— K K l0.8 r\’\ 7 I 0.3 :' arran uilla . i ‘A 9 CB q Marac aibo 27 0 Matui-m 6.0 I82 2 .3 14.6 I6.8 —-) fl —’ ’7 6.7 .0 7.9 7 \9 -—-) \)‘ 6.7 3.8 6.0 4.8 I0 2 26 —) R) N 6.2 21 I L \. 1.9 1.0 I.O 4.3 3.6 LO L7 3.6 47 4 4 /'\/\.—)—->\ LG 2.6 2.4 3.6 4. 4.I 49 I9.9 33.8 Georgetown (— '\ 24. I7.S I7 Paramaribo 4 LS Cayenne I gapébeu \ 2 a 8.6 2.4 17.5 /T /7 /’ /7 7‘ 3.6 6.5 I43 [.2 4 /‘/’Z‘ 2.2 {IO 4—- (S 3.2 30° ulfimlf‘slr\I T\| (,— 94 3.9 LG 2 a .5 3 7 . 2 3 I 3 4 a/V/‘N/TZ/W/ya LO .\1 18 .9 2.6 10° NORWAY SCOTLAND Glasgow Caisler ENGLAND London Antwerp Southampton Dunkerque E U R O 5 Lorient \« x. ./ .‘I‘. .8 I .9 v 4 Rochefort C. Finislerre igo I—J s: (5 b S O: O 0., Lisbon ,5? Mogador l I r‘ Agadir I -5 / 22 20 1.7 L/ A N A R YI.7I DRIFT SCALE ‘KNOTS 0.00 to 0.33 0.34 to 0.66 0.67 to 0.99 1.00 1.33 0 I0 20 30 40 so 50 70 so 90 IOO SCALE OF FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE Geo Q RESULTANT CURREN TS The black arrows and numerals show the mean direction and force of the surface current in each 1-degree quadrangle for the month under average normal conditions. The accuracy of the resultant current in any quadrangle is necessarily determined by‘ the number of ob- servations used in the computation. The Hydrographic Office considers a resultant to be fairly accurate if computed from five or more observations in an area of-3,600 square miles. But' on this chart all reliable information is shown, for the benefit of the navigator, even where less than the desired five observations were obtained. The resultant currents in each 1-de ree quadrangle are shown as follows: The number in the upper right han of the quadrangle represents the total current observations used in the computation. . numerals in the lower left hand corner of the uadrangle give the resultant drift in per day to the nearest tenth of a mile. The direction of the arrow in the center quadrangle shows the resultant set. Casablanca PREVAILING CURRENTS The current roses shown in green on this chart were computed from the same informa- tion as the 1-degree resultants shown in black. The eight-point rose presents a graphical picture of the frequency of direction and the average drifts within the directions for each area outlined by the heavy brown lines. The arrows oint in the direction towards which the current sets. When the frequency of direction is ess than 5 percent, no arrow is shown. The length of the arrow, from the base of the arrow head to the inner edge of the circle, when placed on the attached fre- quency scale gives the number of times In each 100 observations that the current has been setting in or near the indicated direction. In instances where the full length of the arrow cannot be shown, the shaft is broken and the true percentage inserted in numerals within the break. The width of the shaft when placed on the attached drift scale gives the aver- age drift in knots. The numeral in the center circle gives the percent of “nils” (no ap— preciable current observed). The approximate number of observations from which the current rose was com uted can be obtained by adding the number of observations within the l—degree quadrang es covered by the rose. For example the attached rose should be read as follows: Of the currents observed; 5 percent were setting northeast, the average drift was be- tween 0.33 and 0.66 of a knot; 5 percent were setting east, the average drift was between 0.33 and 0.66 of a knot; 9 percent were setting southeast, the average drift was less than 0.33 of a knot; 5 percent were setting south, the average drift was between 1.33 and 1.66 knots; 57 percent were setting west, the average drift was between 0.67 and 1 knot; 5 per- cent were setting northwest, the average drift was less than 0.33 of a knot. The percent of “nils” was zero. SEA. TEMPERATURES wri- compiled l'i-uiu the same source and for the sumo period us tlw m-snltunt (‘uz'rf’nts‘ shown on this chart. A Sheet 1 t(wildness: 45° 20° 10° 7 7 7 ' T ‘ Earéweu \/ i i ' N o R W A Y 2807 ' ’ ' NS 075 U5 1947 EART SCOTLAND NORTH ATLANTIC OCEAN ' ‘ ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ‘ ‘ 1 SURFACE CURRENTS AND TEMPERATURES , FEBRUARY ' _ \ , ,) I, I R E L A N SOURCE OF INFORMATION The information relating to monthly surface 'currents shown on this chart was compiled from observations made during the month for all years prior to 1935 by the co-operating observers of the Hydrographic Office. Observations were not considered reliable where ‘I E N G L A N D tidal currents prevailed; where winds, sea, or swell of force 6 or above were recorded; , . ., ' where the vessel’s draft or trim would cause excessive leeway; or when doubt existed as ' l' i to the meaning of the entry “Nil” on the current report. All current calculations are based ._ " L d on the MEDIAN POSITION method; namely, each observation is applied at only one point, on on that point being midway between the beginning and end of the ship’s run for which the ' - . . . . . . - - . current observation was made. ‘ ~ ' ‘ ‘ ' ‘ ' ' ‘ ' i ' ' ' Southampton Dunkerque Caister Antwerp \ \ . o . 4 - . . u I . Lorient “ 1 - + \\ x .\ $9 + 33""?a 0' A - Magdalen Is at“ ‘ “h P 5 NEWFOUNDLAND /, 1,‘ _‘ 3 er L , ' . . . Pictou I} SLJohn 00“}; I $91» ' Bordeaux $4?” -/ , y / j . . . 7.9 I03 4.3 Portland ' - . 16 I8 25 , , 3’ ‘Z 8.9 5517.0 3 _ - . . . . . . . . - . . ~ . . . ~ ' Hnisterre 28 2 Portsmouth C.Ann _ . ' RESULTANT CURRENTS C. '4 The black arrows and numerals show the mean direction and force of the surface current <: in each l-degree quadrangle for the month under average normal conditions. The accuracy :5 of the resultant current in any quadrangle is necessarily determined by the number of ob- b servations used in the computation. The Hydrographic Office considers a resultant to be 6! A: O l \I 0.;1 \ . New York fairly accurate if computed from five or more observations in an area of 3,600 square miles. But on this chart all reliable information is shown, for the benefit of the navigator, even where less than the desired five observations were obtained. .. The resultant currents in each 1-de ree.quadrangle are shown as follows: 4/ The number in the upper right han of the quadrangle represents the total current Lisbon observations used in the computation. numerals in the lower left hand corner of the auadrangl’e give the resultant drift per; day to the nearest tenth of a mile. The o°direction of the arrow in the center the quadrangle shows the resultant set. Philadelphi En Baltimo u, . . m on w /m m \w an o 00 gr? yr ‘W/ We shingto .9 2 53:5 3 \ 2 \ .4 2 .6 l \ m a! M. Norfo 01 C. Hatteras o s. Rabat Casablanca. PREVAILING CURRE NTS The current roses shown in green on this chart were computed from the same informa- tion as the l-degree resultants shown in black. The eight-point rose presents a graphical picture of the frequency of direction and the average drifts within the directions for each area outlined by the heavy brown lines. The arrows oint in the direction towards which the current sets. When the frequency Mogador of direction is ess than 5 percent, no arrow is shown. The length of the arrow, from the base of the arrow head to the inner edge of the circle, when placed on the attached fre- Agadir quency scale gives the number of times In each 100 observations that the current has been setting in or near the indicated directlon. In instances where the full length of the arrow cannot be shown, the shaft is broken and the true percents e inserted in numerals within the break. The Width of the shaft when placed on the attac ed drift scale gives the aver- age drift in knots. The numeral in the center circle gives the percent of “nils” (no ap- preciable current observed). The approximate number of observations from which the current rose was com uted can be obtained by adding the number of observations within the l-degree quadrang es covered by the rose. For example the attached rose should be read as follows: Of the currents observed; 5 percent were setting northeast, the average drift was be- tween 0.33 and 0.66 of a knot; 5 percent were setting east, the average drift was between 0.33 and 0.66 of a knot; 9 percent were setting southeast. the average drift was less than 0.33 of a knot; 5 percent were setting south, the average drift was between 1.33 and 1.66 knots; 57 percent were setting west, the average drift was between 0.67 and 1 knot; 5 per- cent were setting northwest, the average drift was less than 0.33 of a knot. The percent of “nils” was zero. [.0 \l (A) SEA TEMPERATURES The monthly mean sea surface 5-degree isotherms shown in MAGENTA were compiled from the same source and for the same period as the resultant currents shown on this chart. DRIFT SCALE KNOTS 0.00 to 0.33 0.34 to . A to ,‘ '\ <—— 4/ -1 1"3e “" I ., (\ "\ L/ 7.9. 8.6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ‘ to HISPANIULA o lo zoaowsoeomsosomo SCALE 0F FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE St Louis C.Ve rde « 5 7 l I .o Barranquilla Carlagena Marac aib o [80 '\ ‘\ ‘\ | 23.0 Georgetown 14.9 26.:— 31.7 Paramaribo Sheet 2 10° NORWAY SCOTLAND 8 Glasgow NORTH ATLANTIC OCEAN ’D' Belfast SURFACE CURRENTS AND TEMPERATURES . . ' 2 __, , f , ' $5 IRELAND MARCH ' , 1.. ’ Dub' iverpool SOURCE OF INFORMATION ‘ , . . . . . ,, . . Caister The information relating to monthly surface currents shown on this chart was compiled from observations made during the month for all years prior to 1935 by the co-operating / observers of the Hydrogra hic Office. Observations were not considered reliable where I E N G L A V D tidal currents prevailed; w ere winds, sea, or swell of force 6 or above were recorded; . . . , . . . 8.9 ‘ ‘ where the vessel’s draft or trim would cause excessive leeway; or when doubt existed as 7 to the meaning of the entry “Nil” on the current report. All current calculations are based on the MEDIAN POSITION method; namely, each observation is a plied at only one point, “mu" PL T a 2 f 7 /' that point being midway between the beginning and end of the ship’s run for which the current observation was made. ff London Antwerp 7.4 5.0 13.0 I 2.0 Southampton Dunkei‘ que NEWFOUNDLAND . a a _, 3 Lorient w"? '- . [/1 2/! z.» 2 _ .. . . . -- - - -~" ~ FRANCE Magdalen Is 91:“ 50° Rochefort . St. John Bordeaux \) .I D I _ f ‘/ IS— V : 267 . . . 4.1a; Sable I 1.4 . ‘ 1 , . , . . . . . . . “‘7 : - ‘ _'_—:) \l 2 , / ' 5.55 58,. 5.3; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.7/ - 6.2 ”.5 i " ' Clinisterre Portland | .9 . . 4.6 Portsmouth CAnn l \ - 3 it‘s a .—) /) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . llgo RESULTANT CURRENTS Boston , _ ' > . . , . . . . . . q The black arrows and numerals show the mean direction and force .of the surface current «2' 3 in each l-degree quadrangle for the month under average normal conditions. The accuracy of the resultant current in any quadrangle is necessarily determined by the number of ob- . servations used in the computation. The Hydrograph-ic Office considers a resultant to be Q fairly accurate if computed from five or more observations in an area of 3,600 square miles. Philad 5’ But on this Chart all reliable information is shown, for the benefit of the navigator, even t where less than the desired five observations were obtained. Baltimo a " '4 O The resultant currents in each l-degree quadrangle are shown as follows: ' ' ‘ ' ‘ ‘ ' ' ' '2'° '3'5 ‘6'3 ~ ' ~ . - - - . - ~ - a, The number in the upper right hand of the quadrangle represents the total current 48 an 32 , . observations used in the computation. numerals 1n the lower left hand corner of the ' ‘ n quadrangle give the resultant drift in per; day to the nearest tenth of a mile. The ‘ eJeyiiirection of the arrow in the center 0 quadrangle shows the resultant set. Washington , ——->‘ ——> N \i \\ |0.6 13.4 5.3 . , . , . . . ,. . . . . . . . . . . - . . . . . . . . . . . . I9 35' 03' 80' 22 I5 5.8 . 1.2 . . . . . . _ . . . . . . .6 . , . . . . . . . . . . 4, _. - & |9 \4’ Rabat Casablanca PREVAILING CURRENTS 3"2 The current roses shown in green on this chart were computed from the same informa- tion as the 1-degree resultants shown in black. The eight-pomt rose presents a graphical picture of the frequency of direction and the average drifts Within the directions for each area outlined by the heavy brown lines. The arrows oint in the direction towards which the current sets. When the frequency of direction is ess than 5 percent, no arrow is shown. The length of the arrow, from e base of the arrow head to the inner edge of the circle, when placed on the attached fre- 28 quency scale gives the number of times in each 100 observations that the current has been 1 ‘ setting in or near the indicated direction. In instances where the full length of the arrow 3 e 3 e - 3.3 ‘ cannot be shown, the shaft is broken and the true percents e inserted in numerals Within . . ' I. the break. The width of the shaft when placed on the attac ed drift scale gives the aver- \12 \6 is 4. 35 J age drift in knots. The numeral in the center circle gives the percent of “nils” '(no ap- 2 4 s ' .9 ’ ’ preciable current observed). The approximate number of observations from _which' the ' O A N A R Y . I I current rose was com uted can be obtained by adding the number of observations Within l 3 J 7 K' 25 ’ the 1-degree quadrang es covered by the rose. ’ . " I For example the attached rose should be read as follows: _ Of the currents observed; 5 ercent were setting northeast, the average drift was be- tween 0.33 and 0.66 of a knot; g percent were setting east, the average drift was between 0.33 and 0.66 of a knot; 9 percent were setting southeast, the avera e drift was less than 0.33 of a knot; 5 percent were setting south, the average drift was tween 1.33 and 1.66 knots; 67 percent were setting west, the average drift was between 0.67 and 1 knot; 5 per- cent were setting northwest, the average drift was Iess than 0.33 of a knot. The percent of “nils” was zero. SEA TEMPERATURES The monthly mean sea surface 5-degree isotherms shown in MAGENTA were compiled from D R ' F T S C A L E the same source and for the same period as the resultant currents shown on this chart. KNOTS ' 0.00 to 0.34 to to ‘\ u '\ K {3.5; ”.3 K ”.8 I 6.3 HISPANIOLA o l02030405060708090l00 SCALE 0F FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE // St. Louis 43 ' C.Verde «57 4.6 8 II//////// 2'|IO J. llllll'lll‘mlllllll 7 \\\\\\\\uu\m| mm! 092 IOU \ \ ‘\\. f\ ‘\ 3| l2.7 no .3 5.5 n 2.3, ‘r 3" f ' Barranquilla Canagena 80° Max-ac aibo ’90 IBU \ //// ///////////lH/H.'l Illlill\\\\\\\ l .o‘\. Monrovia 3 “L7 4 \l‘ I2 .7 (— 4.8 r\'5 37 ‘\ 4 .2 H 22.6 362. , . :03 2 7 I “ 3 23 (—— w ‘\ . \\ 6 ‘\ |5.8 7.0 4.3 . . 28 .I 22 .a 50° Sheet 3 o‘AccmaIey f \ fii. NORTH ATLANTIC OCEAN SURFACE CURRENTS AND TEMPERATURES APRIL SOURCE OF INFORMATION The information relating to monthly surface currents shown on this chart was compiled from observations made during the month for all years prior to 1935 by the co—operating observers of the Hydrogra hic Office. Observations were not considered reliable where tidal currents prevailed; w ere winds, sea, or swell of force 6 or above were recorded; 40° 40° SCOTLAND 8 Glasgow 7;! 5 Belfast 455’ fl IRELAN Dub - iverpool \ .0“0 0) A 9,9“ Custer 5"” Q E N G L A N D 45’00 where the vessel’s draft or trim would cause excessive leeway; or when doubt existed as I ’ to the meaning of the entry “Nil” on the current report. All current calculations are based . 4 8 " on the MEDIAN POSITION method; namely, each observation is applied at only one point, ‘ .2 /" ——-> Londo that point being midway between the beginning and end of the ship’s run for which the current observation was made. 7 ' ' ' ‘ ‘ ' ' ‘ ' ‘ ' ' ' ' ' 7‘2 6 '2 '0'6 Antwerp o Southampton Dunkerque l2 l2 IO U /7 -——> /> /7 3.8 3 .6 .a 4 .6 . . . . . . . . . 50° 38 33 -——> NEWFOUNDLAND Father Pt. - 41 Loriem Magdalen ls + 4 .8 3| I9 25 s . /’ \ \ \ \ . . . . . . .8‘2’: {\4‘ N 3 .4 I93) .8 _ I 27 35 Pictou . \ \ _’ ‘ .o 4.I . . . . . . . . 4 . . . . . . . I .o 25 —’ I .9 37 53 57 33 \s -—> ~> N 3.6 3.l [.9 3.6 Portland , 9.6 Finxsterre N \l O 59 37 33 I8 C.Ann ' ' , OS on . , .‘ ‘ . . . . _ . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8 . . . . 4.8 5.0 1.4 4.8 1 'N/ lg!) RESULTANT CURRENTS The black arrows and numerals show the mean direction and force .of the surface current in each 1-degree quadrangle for the month under average normal conditions. The accuracy of the resultant current in any quadrangle is necessarily determined by the number of ob- servations used in the computatlon. The Hydrographic Office considers a resultant to be fairly accurate if computed from five or more observations in an area of 3,600 square miles. But on this chart all reliable information is shown, for the benefit of the navigator, even where less than the desired five observations were obtained. The resultant currents in each 1-de ree quadrangle are shown as follows: of the quadrangle represents the total current numerals in the lower left hand corner of the perday to the nearest tenth of a mile. The quadrangle shows the resultant set. 0 N 24 ‘2 ' '9 ~» —> / —> \ \. 9.6 - . - . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .l I. 34 3| \1 \l \bM/b —-> -—> [0.8 l0.l 04/ ig/ Philadel 03 .4 <1 :5 b 5-. n: o . fl 9 t. m ‘ B81 1 0 . . . . . . . . 12.7 |3.0 64/ -\l a a, The number in the upper right han 23 23 . observations used in the computation. / \l \) Lisbon quadrangle give the resultant drift 1n I4 9 2| $direction of the arrow in the center - . . ~ - . - - - - - . - . 9 .a 7.2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . V. . . . . . . . . . _ . . coo />/>/7 \4\’ GEO 27.4 23.3 2|.6 use . . . . . _ . . . . . . . 3.I 5.3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3 . . . . . . . 1v i? "' '79}? l C. Norfolk /. _, ' \ \ *- \ \ 9 -4 6 . . . . . . . . . . . . .s .7 2‘ Washington w<..._ s 3 m4 0\ 0‘ in d” dé 2. 49 Casablanca PREVAILING CURRENTS The current roses shown in green on this chart were computed from the same informa- tion as the l-degree resultants shown in black. The eight-point rose presents a graphical picture of the frequency of direction and the average drifts within the directions for each area outlined by the heavy brown lines. The arrows oint in the direction towards which the current sets. When the frequency Mogador of direction is ess than 5 percent, no arrow is shown. The length of the arrow, from the base of the arrow head to the inner edge of the circle, when placed on the attached fre— Agadir quency scale gives the number of times in each 100 observations that the current has been setting in or near the indicated direction. In instances where the full length of the arrow cannot be shown, the shaft is broken and the true percenta e inserted in numerals within the break. The width of the shaft when placed on the attac ed drift scale gives the aver- ” 3' age drift in knots. The numeral in the center circle gives the percent of “nils” (no ap- G A 'N-4 A g. Y4-31 S preciable current observed). The approximate number of observations from which the current rose was com uted can be obtained by adding the number of observations within / 3° .1 ' 2. the 1-degree quadrang es covered by the rose. For example the attached rose should be read as follows: ‘ ‘9 Of the currents observed; 5 percent were setting northeast, the average drift was be— tween 0.33 and 0.66 of a knot; 5 percent were setting east, the average drift was between 0.33 and 0.66 of a knot; 9 percent were setting southeast, the average drift was less than '4 ' 0.33 of a knot; 5 percent were setting south, the average drift was between 1.33 and 1.66 20 knots; 57 percent were setting west, the average drift was between 0.67 and 1 knot; 5 per- "" cent were setting northwest, the average drift was less than 0.33 of a knot. The percent '2 of “nils” was zero. SEA TEMPERATURES The monthly mean sea surface 5~degree isotherms shown in MAGENTA were compiled from the same source and for the same period as the resultant currents shown on this chart. DRIFT SCALE KNOTS 0.00 to 0.33 0.34 to . A F R 0.67 to 1.00 to 1.34 to \\\ OVER \\\\\\\ in“ 350 0 to Q I 6 . I . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . IEIISPANIOLA O . 3'5 ./ . ‘.3/ . . .-" 0 I0 2030 40 5060 70 BOQOIOO SCALE OF FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE g... .0 .8 V d3 R39 E if <— K .4 .l .7 .5 .6 3 2 24 )2 23 I3 6 9 [0.3 l7.0 . . .5 2 .I .7 .7 0.6 A:4 /Il / .4 3 6 20 I 8 St Louis ygsrde «57 ,/ 'lZI .4 / 4 / 3 i28 0 .| .4 .8 .. _ I I0 5 6 7 l3.7 . - - . - . . . . . . .7 .2 .3 .8 .0 :1 3" . \_ . .. '. /+-+\~: 2 3 II "'23.. I (___ (- 3+ .9 .s .7 l. I \ I \ 2 .9 I. 6 Barranquilla Maracaibo .. .. ' 0 [we 1 8 \5 , onakry .fl _9 2 I o I80 I10 I . I'MJI‘III HZI‘I‘N'I \ 29 I 2 I .l 25 .92.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Monrovia 9 \\s 5 Q o 6?. Georgetown Paramaribo 7 24 9.0 Io {\24 <4 35¢: 3I.9 Sheet 4 deeming P \ NORTH ATLANTIC OCEAN SURFACE CURRENTS AND TEMPERATURES MAY SOURCE OF INFORMATION The information relating to monthly surface currents shown on this chart was compiled from observations made during the month for all years prior to 1935 by the co—operating observers of the Hydrografihic Office. Observations were not considered reliable where tidal currents prevailed; w ere winds, sea, or swell of force 6 or above were recorded; where the vessel’s draft or trim would cause excessive leeway; or when doubt existed as to the meaning of the entry “Nil” on the current report. All current calculations are based on the MEDIAN POSITION method; namely, each observation is applied at only one point, that point being midway between the beginning and end of the s Ip’s run for which the current observation was made. . .. I6.l ‘ I Fame Pt. ‘ Father Pt. Mdflen Is 4.3 3.l \5 Pictou a?" 00d? I%9&’_ '9 St. John Portland Portsmouth C.Ann \x "\l" \ \ n—rf '22 ' | Boston ff ‘ I I New Yo Philadelp Baltimo We 22.! BE 90 [02 /7 ._.—> /7 —> -—> 27.6 27.6 28.8 2|.6 l6.3 l4.2 l “6 80 / /7 /r / —> .7 7.0 49 /1 4 Barranquilla Canagena 6.0 6.7 I58 [53 I 7| 2 ,a 10.8 I II (I) —" |8.2 l9.4 17.3 57 a.» ———> 29 3| ._) \) _——> 3. l Georgetown \1 \ I _) —> _, [7.0 | 7.0 16.8 | 44 57 34 42 —-—> ——> \s —-> \> I M) 6-5 7.7 8.9 5.8 38 32 38 [6 \\ Paramaribo Cayenne l3-O '—) \a 8 .4 l3.7 4.8 22 32 \ /7 /7 . I .2 32 44 75 IOI / / /7 z) .6 .8 - I I42 167 I23 I45 /1 ..’> .‘a -—-> .I 3.8 3.6 .o 57 \> \ l / .5 .{ SCOTLAND Glas ow g 8 '8 I3 Lisbon Belfast .5 .57 fl IRELAND iverpool Caister ENGLAND London Antwerp Southampton Dunkerque Loriem Rochefort Bordeaux RESULTANT CURREN TS ' The black arrows and numerals show the mean direction and force .of the surface current in each 1-degree quadrangle for the month under average normal conditions. The accuracy of the resultant current In any quadrangle is necessarily determined by the number of ob- servations used. 1n the com utation. The Hydrographic Office considers a resultant to be fairly accurate If compute from five or more observations in an area of 3,600 square miles. But on this chart all reliable information is shown, for the benefit of the navigator, even where less than the desired five observations were obtained. The resultant currents in each l-de ree quadrangle are shown as follows: The number In the upper right ban of the quadrangle represents the total current observations used in the computatlon. numerals in the lower left hand corner of the quadrangle give the resultant drift in per.day to the nearest tenth of a mile. The 0{direction of the arrow in the center quadrangle shows the resultant set. Mogador Agadir DRIFT SCALE 5 I’ '0 KNOTS 1,/ . Io 0.33 $0a‘106 to 0.66 Y’ foe \y t . to 0.99 Q0 Blanco to 1.33 to 0 I0 20 30 4o 50 so 70 so 90I00 - 700 SCALE 0F FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE SLLouis I C.Verde « 57 l2 I Monrovia .3 ‘9 er N0 t 0 it” I} \K 2.2 Casablanca PREVAILING CURRENTS The current roses shown in green on this chart were computed from the same informa- tion as the l-degree resultants shown in black. The eight-point rose presents a graphical picture of the frequency of direction and the average drifts within the directions for each area outlined by the heavy brown lines. The arrows point in the direction towards which the current sets. When the frequency of direction is less than 5 percent, no arrow is shown. The length of the arrow, from the base of the arrow head to the inner edge of the circle, when placed on the attached fre- quency scale gives the number of times in each 100 observations that the current has been setting in or near the indicated direction. In instances where the full length of the arrow cannot be shown, the shaft is broken and the true percenta e inserted in numerals within the break. The width of the shaft when placed on the attac ed drift scale gives the aver- age drift in knots. The numeral in the center circle gives the percent of “nils” (no ap- preciable current observed). The approximate number of observations from which the current rose was computed can be obtained by adding the number of observations within the l-degree quadrangles covered by the rose. For example the attached rose should be read as follows: Of the currents observed; 5 percent were setting northeast, the average drift was be- tween 0.33 and 0.66 of a knot; 5 percent were setting east, the average drift was between 0.33 and 0.66 of a knot; 9 percent were setting southeast. the average drift was less than 0.33 of a knot; 5 percent were setting south, the average drift was between 1.33 and 1.66 knots; 57 percent were setting west, the average drift was between 0.67 and 1 knot; 5 per- cent were setting northwest, the average drift was less than 0.33 of a knot. The percent of “nils” was zero. SEA TEMPERATURES The monthly mean sea surface 5-degree isotherms shown in MAGENTA were compiled from the same source and for the same period as the resultant currents shown on this chart. A Q. Grand Bassam Q) or“ ,—— 3 ‘7 ‘, N __> 29.0 23.5 i \2 Sheet 5 ({NCChidley 0° 10° F \. W .. _ I,’ I farewell ' ”"7 . \. —+—> I? —’ / N o R w A Y . a . 34,- .o ”4.8 2.4 .3 Wick 9 / f .I I2.7 ' .a I.7I . . . . ’. SCOTLAND 7/ I 7—» 7 L7 5.8 ‘ 3:2" " \2/ f” /' / 7 ll NORTH ATLANTIC OCEAN ' ' ' ' ' '2 '0 5'3 ' ' mag... .I 3.I 4.8 LO 5.5 9.8 2.9 |.9 2.6 2.0 ’ 'U Belfast SURFACE CURRENTS AND TEMPERATURES ‘ ‘ ‘ x 9 / /. f / / / I / / f / \. I 35 JUNE ' ‘ p . - . . . . 6.0 4. 3.8 I.9 3.6 7.9 I.2 2 ‘ SOURCE OF INFORMATION The information relating to monthly surface currents shown on this chart was compiled from observations made during the month for all years prior to 1935 by the co-operating observers of the Hydrogra hic Office. Observations were not considered reliable where , / / / tidal currents prevailed; w ere winds, sea, or swell of force 6 or above were recorded; ‘ where the vessel’s draft or trim would cause excessive leeway; or when doubt existed as to the meaning of the entry “Nil” on the current report. All current calculations are based Amour pL on the MEDIAN POSITION method; namely, each observation is applied at only one point, that point being midway between the beginning and end of the ship’s run for which the current observation was made. I R E L A N D . - Iverpool I 9 5 | I I //—+\./7//// /’//’,/’//'// Antwerp . I I 2 Southampton Dunkerque 5.8 4.3 7.4 4 . I I .0 3.6 l.9 l.2 5.8 7.0 5 2.6 2 . I I I 4 I7 ; 20 I l ——+/’/'/’/ / r'/' //’—a////'\./\%l\\\ 4 II II II5 l6 FatherPt. L H \ , f / / / / / ,a / / / N \ __, \ \ /' 3.9 3.4 .a a 5.3 4 2 . 2.6 3| .2 I ’ I 00 E U R 0 II I I7 I5 5 I Loriem (— Magdalen Is I f I I ) . /’ / / / / /’ /’ .2 /" 0” /’ ——-—> \ / \ / \ . 7-. .9 .3 I I 3 ‘- ' _ _ ' In 4.3 4.8 .o I.9 4 . ‘ F R A N c E 6 - ‘I ' . I 3 . ‘ //7 /v///’/’//v,.s..,_—>/,,_,__,/r/>\\\ I 5.8 4.8 4.8 3. 6.0 2.4 2.9 3.6 4.8 I3 .6 7 3.6 2 l 7 3 2 I 4 2 Rochefort ,‘ 2 SLJOI'm ' l. , /"//‘/V/’——> /’*~> \/ —*\\\ \ 58 a II I I I Bordeaux /’ /' /’ /' /’ a \s "" \. 6 \ 4.6 . . . . . .2 .4 8 I 4i 3 3 3 3 I /’//v /—-a \/’\ \\\\\\ /\/ /// Portsmouth I ' ’ . . I 2 0 ' ' I 4 3 I a 6 4 I 3 3 2 I 58: C. Ann \ _ ' ’ '» l I I I 130...... \. ‘ N .9 N 2 —> a \. \. l N \ \ \ \ / j \ / j \ / It RESULTANT CURRENTS .I 5.5 x '0 4 es lgo The black arrows and numerals show the mean direction and force of the surface current in each 1-degree quadrangle for the month under average normal conditions. The accuracy [I .4 of the resultant current in any quadrangle is necessarily determined by the number of ob- <¢ servations used in the computation. The Hydrographic Office considers a resultant to be a: fairly accurate if computed from five or more observations in an area of 3,600 square miles. . But on this chart all reliable information is shown, for the benefit of the navigator, even 0 where less than the desired five observations were obtained. 5' The resultant currents in each 1-de ee quadrangle are shown as follows: II? The number in the upper right han corner of the quadrangle represents the total current 0 observations used in the computation. The numerals in the lower left hand corner of the 0V quadrangle give the resultant drift miles per day to the nearest tenth of a mile. The L' b direction of the arrow in the center of quadrangle shows the resultant set. 15 on _ .\ K t. o .\ Do ”.8 C. Finisterreeio 6.0 5 5 47 45 2 I I2 I I /’\. \\\./\.»—>—’\. I l /\ I5 I40 I03 76 7I 62 83 I | 2”») ___, \'\.\.1 / \. l. NewYo . ‘ as l9 I78 I63 Philadelphi Baltimo ‘ ' a /’ /’ . . 6.6 7.3 4.9 Washingto 73 32 52 I I l I I I I / ./ / CL 22/ / \. . _ \, ‘:.i~---'\ \ I; 3 4 ~_, ' 3 3 3 2 / N c 2| ‘3 / \. .2 .> 11’ \ \IG \I7 \\I4 \9 \I3 \ \ \ ' z z ‘ 6 .// C. H Norf m \g / \m 7 7\ 1 \ \ \. I 0| C. Hatteras 00% A 1 (h M 7 /_/ .Rabat Casablanca, PREVAILING CURRENTS The current roses shown in green on this chart were computed from the same informa— tion as the 1-degree resultants shown in black. The eight-point rose presents a graphical picture of the frequency of direction and the average drifts within the directions for each area outlined by the heavy brown lines. The arrows oint in the direction towards which the current sets. When the frequency of direction is ess than 5 percent, no arrow is shown. The length of the arrow, from the base of the arrow head to the inner edge of the circle, when placed on the attached fre- quency scale gives the number of times in each 100 observations that the current has been setting in or near the indicated direction. In instances where the full length of the arrow cannot be shown, the shaft is broken and the true percentage inserted in numerals within the break. The width of the shaft when placed on the attached drift scale gives the aver- age drift in knots. The numeral in the center circle gives the percent of “nils” (no ap- preciable current observed). The approximate number of observations from which the current rose was com uted can be obtained by adding the number of observations within the l-degree quadrang es covered by the rose. For example the attached rose should be read as follows: 0f the currents observed; 5 percent were setting northeast, the average drift was be- tween 0.33 and 0.66 of a knot; 5 percent were setting east, the average drift was between 0.33 and 0.66 of a knot; 9 percent were setting southeast, the average drift was less than 0.33 of a knot; 5 percent were setting south, the average drift was between 1.33 and 1.66 knots; 57 percent were setting west, the average drift was between 0.67 and 1 knot; 5 per- cent were setting northwest, the average drift was less than 0.33 of a knot. The percent of “nils” was zero. ‘ '0 I0 0) \ ‘/g \M L/b “" K 1/ Charleston N ”\N/ 4/;.<\ U \l 162 \:3 \ .x" / \60 \ \ \. .. \. 0| bum- _MIBI°/e \ MI \. JR; \6. '\ 5 3 “I /7 3 (07“ M \l SEA TEMPERATURES The monthly mean sea surface 5-degree isotherms shown in MAGENTA were compiled from the same source and for the same period as the resultant currents shown on this chart. 0 O DRIFT SCALE KNOTS 0.00 to 0.33 "/ /_ /_ 0.34 R 0 0| O . /._./ /. O inf: /‘_ 00 f: / /-/”/./ \I.\\\>m\““l”” ’”’l”“/WIW/II 0 ID ////// . I 20 //////l 30 W / IL/W/ N \ ,\\/m / '// / I70 //57 \ IIIIIIIIIIIIIII.IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII 0‘0 \\\\\\\\ \\\\\ \ \\\\\\\\\\\‘\\\ o 5 0 I0 2030405060708090100 SCALE QF FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE ., I323 7. /’"/ Q9 8!. Louis I C.Ve rde # 5 7 5 0L N \l o 09 /'_i°/” _; I9 I 06 I00 I ”/Ul/I/IIIIIIII unliml /. /~ fro /’ Ila I/I 0| lea 4W0 Barranquilla Marac aibo Cartagena <3 /// / ///// //// / "'0 é (9° // / /// IS“ 7/ // 10 \ /////’/////HIIHII llllllll\\\\\\\\\\\ Georgetown \ \II \5 Paramaribo 00 80 100 Sheet 6 Coke Chidley 0° 1 0° f 3. ‘ _ x ' \ Farewell ' i /' a . " / " N O R w A Y + 6p . ‘.5 6 “9 SJ L7 w... l\ .4 3.4 [6.6 l2.0 SCOTLAND NORTH ATLANTIC OCEAN ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ‘ ' .. 'U SURFACE CURRENTS AND TEMPERATURES . ‘ ' i. i $53,911.35, . _ \ q /’ . ‘3. JULY 34:. . , p ‘ x _- IRELAND “ , , , . L’ 1 SOURCE OF INFORMATION . . . . . . . _ . . _ . . . . , ' beiml werpoo The information relating to monthly surface currents shown on this chart was compiled . from observations made during the month for all years prior to 1935 by the co-operating ‘ Gamer observers of the Hydrogra hic Office. Observations were not considered reliable where K” tidal currents prevailed; w ere winds, sea, or swell of force 6 or above were recorded; 679 where the vessel’s draft or trim would cause excessive leeway; or when doubt existed as A; 9 to the meaning of the entry “Nil” on the current report. All current calculations are based , .. on the MEDIAN POSITION method; namely, each observation is applied at only one point, - , ' Londo that point being midway between the beginning and end of the s ip’s run for which the . \ current observation was made. . . . . , _ , _ , . , _ , , _ . . . . . , _ Antwerp Southag’pton ‘ a Dunkerque ENGLAND K .3 _—) Father Pt. \ . I I ‘ t f j :. , 14.9 no.6 . 0.3 - ‘ - -‘ ‘ U - ' ‘ ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' I I . ' . ' I \ . 2 I” I” E U R O Loriem Magdalene + ' ’; ‘ 1" _ . ~ \ .4 .o “23 ' . . . . . ‘ . - . . . . . . .3 . . . . . . . . . . - - - - . . . . . ‘ I.o . . F R A N C E H l 55 e:'=...‘.' / / \ \l I/ ‘\ j Rnchefort Pictou St. John t7 Bordeaux \fi LO Portland _ '- ~ - Ix . ,r I, gt “<3 __ -—— ChFinisLerI-e 62 ° BflbaRESULTANT CURR C.Ann \ \ _ | ,, . The black arrows and numerals show the mean direction and force of the surface current Boston > . x ’ ~. . In each l-degree quadrangle for the month under average normal conditions. The accuracy , ’ _ . _ ‘ _ _ , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - - - - - - - - - . of the resultant current in any quadrangle is necessarily determined by the number of ob- servations used_ in the computation. The Hydrographic Office considers a resultant to be fairly accurate if computed from five or more observations in an area of 3,600 square miles. . V But on this chart all reliable Information is shown, for the benefit of the navigator, even New York __ _ _ . , . . . . . . . . . . . . Where less than the desired five observations were obtained. . The resultant currents in each l-de‘gree quadrangle are shown as follows: The number In the upper right han corner of the quadrangle represents the total current Pb] d 1 ' ' . . . . _ ‘ ‘ _ ‘ _ . _ . . , . . _ . ,. observations used In the computation. The numerals in the lower left hand corner of the 1 a e p ‘ quadrangle give the resultant drift in miles per day to the nearest tenth of a mile. The direction of the arrow in the center of the quadrangle shows the resultant set. Baltimo Washingto .7 20.6 IOl IOI / /) / 6.! /’ C. H . Norfo / /' C. Hatteras /‘ 7/ /’ _ 2 / f ,. ' - emu“... PREVAILING CURRENTS The current roses shown in green on this chart were computed from the same informa- tion as the l-degree resultants shown in black. The eight-point rose presents a graphical picture of the frequency of direction and the average drifts within the directions for each area outlined by the heavy brown lines. . The arrows point in the direction towards which the current sets. When the frequency f of direction is ess than 5 percent, no arrow is shown. The length of the arrow, from the I . . , _ , , _ , . . _ . . . , base of the arrow head to the inner edge of the circle, when placed on the attached fre- ' quency scale gives the number of times in each 100 observations that the current has been ’\ 1 setting in or near the indicated direction. In instances where the full length of the arrow 1 , cannot be shown, the shaft is broken and the true percentage inserted in numerals within the break. The width of the shaft when placed on the attached drift scale gives the aver— /‘ age drift in knots. The numeral in the center circle gives the percent of “nils” (no ap- , I, ' preciable current observed). The approximate number of observations from which the ' ' ‘ current rose was computed can be obtained by adding the number of observations within . , the l-degree quadrangles covered by the rose. I . ‘ For example the attached rose should be read as follows: ‘ Of the currents observed; 5 percent were setting northeast, the average drift was be- tween 0.33 and 0.66 of a knot; 5 percent were setting east, the average drift was between 0.33 and 0.66 of a knot; 9 percent were setting southeast, the average drift was less than 0.33 of a knot; 5 percent were setting south, the average drift was between 1.33 and 1.66 knots; 57 percent were setting west, the average drift was between 0.67 and 1 knot; 5 per- cent were setting northwest, the average drift was less than 0.33 of a knot. The percent of "mils” was zero. .3 / SEA TEMPERATURES The monthly mean sea surface 5—degree isotherms shown in MAGENTA were compiled from the same source and for the same period as the resultant currents shown on this chart. DRIFT SCALE KNOTS 0.00 to 0.33 f 3 / 9 x! o- . 0.34 to 0.66 rel-6:992 A F R C / 2 I: “6 /4 /u K 42.2 «1% 0.67 to . : <2. . 24 Blanco ' to \l /"’/' /‘“/ /_/v_/ (I! 22 l2 I 13/3+—/ <— /'/8/ / Hu/ to , \\H\H|l |lH]II‘// \\\\\\\\ \\\\\\\\\\\ \ 350 I/ \\\ 31.0 9'5“ Rs HISPANIOLA fdi 0 I0 20 30 4O 50 60 70 BO 90 I00 SCALE OF FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE .Ixi» / [/31 ///‘ -/ f/“/ 33 St. Louis \\ \ \'\\ \ i"/ \l/ L. f m m //‘V /// ///‘° ////°/' -/‘5 MAY Iwmx/ .v i 1‘.’ 270 as /' I / / / L/ /' /g /_ / 7 /‘ / l‘ 092 I00 W/l/H/HHiHll I!!li\\l\\ \\\\\\\\\\\ii\llil [ _ ~/—i. v /./ / \i “f; -/ T a x// 37 I} ~. 45 '- , I2 / 1’ '\ h‘ 2 7‘ 50" I ‘- 4.4 I\‘ \ Barranquilla Canagena / 2/ fa/s/ 43/ on [— lea éfl/fl/ f- Marac aibo m w bf '61 ”311‘“ U Matui'm onakty /’ / / gA. / / / 3/- /' :/~ "7' l/ 215/? /§/"‘\ .~»‘”/./ AI / »'-/ c . IBD no ‘6\\\\\_\\\\\\\ f/I/IIIIIII IltliI\I\\\\\\\\\\\ 2/ b/’-m\.. a \l Jul”\‘wb\[ / 24 _,—>\ Georgetown _ Monrovm I7 I 4 Paramaribo "~‘ \ défenne 5 \Nal 6\ /7 N NI /' 1 j” / / / 17 / ‘V'_ 0: (LI 0 /../1 2 /.,~».\.-P AMER 4 (I! m 5\ \ \56\ IB\5\ ‘\ x 7/ .f \ a 35 3I9II35 6|I84| f 7 40° Sheet 7 if Chidley 46600 l 00 NORWAY SCOTLAND NORTH ATLANTIC OCEAN ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ‘ ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' I ' ' ' ' . . / SURFACE CURRENTS AND TEMPERATURES AUGUST Liverpool SOURCE OF INFORMATION The information relating to monthly surface currents shown on this chart was compiled , from observations made during the month for all years prior to 1935 by the co-operating . observers of the Hydrogra hic Office. Observations were not considered reliable where " ' ‘I ' E N G L A N D tidal currents prevailed; where winds, sea, or swell of force 6 or above were recorded; ‘ ’ where the vessel’s draft or trim would cause excessive leeway; or when doubt existed as to the meaning of the entry “Nil” on the current report. All current calculations are based ~. Londo on the MEDIAN POSITION method; namely, each observation is applied at only one point, _ ' ' that point being midway between the beginning and end of the ship’s run for which the I . . I . . I I I . . I I . I . . . I . . Antwerp current observation was made. Southampton Dunkerque Caister NORTH ,, _. ~~ W... x. .. . .. Tm...- . E U R O \ (1,69 Lorient C" ”I ,' x ‘ \ ‘s ‘~ "l ,I r ' \ . , - x . . Rochefort St. John \ .8 Portland I '- - ., . I x \ 38 I . , ' ,. \> \ \ .9 \. \ I, I, Portsmouth ' ' 1 '1 ‘ ' " ' - - ’ . . - . . .3 . . ' bao ~ .~ ' ' RESULTANT C ENTS CAnn \ x ’ x ‘ Boston ‘.3 _ ~. ‘~ .I " '—’ \L \1 \ \ \, \ \i —> \ . I The black arrows and numerals show the mean direction and force of the surface current C. , - \ J . - . . . . . . . l 9 .4 .I .9 .8 . .8 - - - . I” in each l-degree quadrangle for the month under average normal conditions. The accuracy . . 27 IS :5 l5 :9 16 of the resultant current in any quadrangle is necessarily determined by the number of ob— \« servations used in the computation. The Hydrographic Office considers a resultant to be New York . - :. ' . . ‘ ' . i . I 39 / \ / I .o _ \’ fairly accurate if computed from five or more observations in an area of 3,600 square miles. But on this chart all reliable information is shown, for the benefit of the navigator, even where less than the desired five observations were obtained. ’ \, . The resultant currents in each l-de ree quadrangle are shown as follows: The number in the upper right han corner of the quadrangle represents the total current 62 observations used in the computation. The numerals in the lower left hand corner of the \ quadrangle give the resultant drift in miles per day to the nearest tenth of a mile. The direction of the arrow in the center of the quadrangle shows the resultant set. 9 Philadelphi Baltimo / \ III/ 8/ /' Washin t , 80 / lfi /’ .7 5.. .4 .4 C. H I Norfo ' / / s 7 \. l8 I l l l I 6 I I / / J , " “swam PREVAILING CURRENTS The current roses shown in green on this chart were computed from the same informa- tion as the 1-degree resultants shown in black. The eight-point rose presents a graphical picture of the frequency of direction and the average drifts within the directions for each area outlined by the heavy brown lines. _ Mogador The arrows oint in the direction towards which the current sets. When the frequency of direction is ess than 5 percent, no arrow is shown. The length of the arrow, from the Agadir base of the arrow head to the inner edge of the circle, when placed on the attached fre- quency scale gives the number of tlmes In each 100 observations that the current has been setting in or near the indicated direction. In instances where the full length of the arrow cannot be shown, the shaft is broken and the true percents e inserted in numerals within the break. The width of the shaft when placed on the attac ed drift scale gives the aver- age drift in knots. The numeral in the center circle gives the percent of “nils” (no ap— preciable current observed). The approximate number of observations from which the current rose was com uted can be obtained by adding the number of observations within the l-degree quadrang es covered by the rose. For example the attached rose should be read as follows: Of the currents observed; 5 percent were setting northeast, the average drift was be- tween 0.33 and 0.66 of a knot; 5 percent were setting east, the average drift was between 0.33 and 0.66 of a knot; 9 percent were setting southeast, the average drift was less than . 0.33 of a knot; 5 percent were setting south, the average drift was between 1.33 and 1.66 / 4/ / , knots; 57 percent were setting west, the average drift was between 0.67 and 1 knot; 5 per- -9 -' 8-0 - ~ - - cent were setting northwest, the average drift was less than 0.33 of a knot. The percent 3 ' — of “nils” was zero. <-— ./ e! / <— 45 °40 /\_*//>-/‘.//’/ 6.5 3.6 8 \\ \ 2.2 0 Lo 3.4 |0.3 0 l6 \\\' LO 4 l0 \ 3.6 L4 5| -—-> N .9 \ 4.! 8.9 .4 / 2.4 l.2 I.7 3.4 4.6 2 6 \—. 2.9 .3 6.2 2 2 2 I /7 /' /v .I .3 2 f /y 4.6 LZ | I 3 2 7->/r2 LO L4 1.2 5.0 \~//*//—>/'/ 9.6 7.2 2.6 2.2 22 2 .4 2.6 5.0 4.8 I .7 .O .3 .9 l0 l0 /r'—*/‘/ 2.6 2.2 .9 2.6 .4 .3 .8 .5 -° . . .9 .7 .2 6 6 / f [.7 5.3 / /‘ / 3.6 7.9 .a 3.3 2 5.3 .9 6.0 4.3 6.2 6 h) 3.6 2.4 _—) .9/7./)——->\) 2.2 3 .4 2.4 -—) I5.6 124.0 6. l3 3 1 (—- <— 4.| I4.9 6 .7 4.3 r.9 fl \ 4.6 2.4 3.6 3 2 .4 .2 IOO /' '/// //. 2.4 3.4 .u :9 .6 . 5: s7 54 54 49 31 26 25 ""35 ' 2| /’/'-—*——’/7/">\>—)\‘—>/§/)——)\> 4.3 2.4 2.9 4.6 3.4 3.4 .3 3.6 2.4 .4 2.6 .B .7 .4 .3 2.9 .8 3.4 3.8 .6 3 22 ”—9 2.9 2.6 .4 .3 .l /’/f/'/ a/ "(.6/ its/m O ./"’/ iii/3 “’\ h/~;/$ K '_ 30 ‘ 4/ ‘/m UI /. ‘. L 4/ (_. N to (.0 on 'o L/ °'./ 23/: g. .,‘/ °’./ 0 (—— M N ‘0 0| 5 is) x: —\w b) / / 'b\ \ J‘& L". O O \ _‘_ a “K .0 M E. ~>>\ ‘\ i m in '5 \w\'\ 20 ~> \PU‘" \ p 5 0| 1 *i ‘wT \Nb‘i ~—\-...\ a.’\m.\ -—,\ in\ b-(__ h °\ \ w\ ‘0» 3“ ‘m\w an “mike w 3 z. “\ 0' 09 UI _ "\ z'*\ b'\_ "\ .. O W ' l of“, Ni; ioI‘ bfm‘ ”\za .. °i. f\m to 3\: "°\.—. io Lu "'\ C.Vc rde (A) /—\b\' ;/_(/ 01 \l [lbkio u! N no 9 m ma—in/ UI /"/ co(_ UI "\ m MR 0- Zu‘\ 3:9 in./ N /_h/ “1 £3 /"<\ 0' M _ . M . . me—wh‘ lie—«(om & ‘_ x. *\ NORWAY SCOTLAND Liverpool Cnister ENGLAND Londo Antwerp Southampton Dunkerque E U Loriem /6\ 1,: / .6 2.4 C. Fmisterre 8‘6 S“ g RESULTANT CURRENTS The black arrows and numerals show the mean direction and force .of the surface current < in each 1-degree quadrangle for the month under average normal conditions. The accuracy 2: of the resultant current in any quadrangle is necessarily determined by the number of ob- b servations used in the com utation. The Hydrographic Office considers a resultant to be a fairly accurate If compute from five or more observations in an area of 3,600 square miles. ‘ But on this chart all reliable Information is shown, for the benefit of the navigator, even where less than the desired five observations were obtained. 9 The resultant currents in each 1-de ree quadrangle are shown as follows: Q. The number in the upper'right ban of the quadrangle represents the total current L‘ b observations used in the computation: numerals in the lower left hand corner of the i 15 on uadrangle give the resultant drlft in per day to the nearest tenth of a mile. The cfflirection of the arrow in the center quadrangle shows the resultant set. Q ‘ >1 l4 A» Casablanca PREVAILING CURRENTS The current roses shown in green on this chart were computed from the same informa- tion as the 1-degree resultants shown in black. The eight-point rose presents a graphical picture of the frequency of direction and the average drifts within the directions for each area outlined by the heavy brown lines. The arrows oint in the direction towards which the current sets. When the frequency of direction is ess than 5 percent, no arrow is shown. The length of the arrow, from the base of the arrow head to the inner edge of the circle, when placed on the attached fre— quency scale gives the number of times in each 100 observations that the current has been setting in or near the indicated direction. In instances where the full length of the arrow cannot be shown, the shaft is broken and the true percenta e inserted in numerals within the break. The width of the shaft when placed on the attac ed drift scale gives the aver- age drift in knots. The numeral in the center circle gives the percent of “nils” (no ap- preciable current observed). The approximate number of observations from which the current rose was com uted can be obtained by adding the number of observations within the 1-degree quadrang es covered by the rose. For example the attached rose should be read as follows: Of the currents observed; 5 percent were setting northeast, the average drift was be- tween 0.33 and 0.66 of a knot; 5 percent were setting east, the average drift was between 0.33 and 0.66 of a knot; 9 percent were setting southeast. the average drift was less than 0.33 of a knot; 5 percent were setting south, the average drift was between 1.33 and 1.66 knots; 57 percent were setting west, the average drift was between 0.67 and 1 knot; 5 per- cent were setting northwest, the average drift was less than 0.33 of a knot. of “nils” was zero. ‘ Mogador r: Agadir The percent SEA TEMPERATURES D 0.00 0.34 0.67 1.00 RIFT KNOTS to 0.33 to 0.66 to 0.99 to 1.33 to 1.66 1.66 SCALE The monthly mean sea surface 5—degree isotherms shown in MAGENTA were compiled from the same source and for the same period as the resultant currents shown on this chart. A \\\\\Hlllll lHl/l/H/ J 350 i3 0 IO 20 30 4O 50 60 70 80 90 IOO SCALE OF FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE St. Louis 4-57 “L \\\\\\\\ \ IllllHH Hul\u\\\\\\\“\ 09 | ///// ’-‘?° ID ”0 \\\\\\ ////////////llllllll nnhx\\\\\\\\\“.\\ 10° Cayenne 2|.4 2 <\ h \ \ I7.5 l8.5 19.0 I9.2 l . 40° Sheet 9 NORTH ATLANTIC OCEAN SURFACE CURRENTS AND TEMPERATURES OCTOBER SOURCE OF INFORMATION The information relating to monthly surface currents shown on this chart was compiled from observations made during the month for all years prior to 1935 by the co-operating observers of the Hydrogra hic Office. Observations were not considered reliable Where tidal currents prevailed; w ere winds, sea, or swell of force 6 or above were recorded; where the vessel’s draft or trim would cause excessive leeway; or when doubt eXisted as to the meaning of the entry “Nil” on the current report. All current calculations are based on the MEDIAN POSITION method; namely, each observation is a plied at only one point, that point being midway between the beginning and end of the sliip’s run for which the current observation was made. Father Pt 20 .4 25 .7 St. John Portland Portsmouth C. Ann Boston C. l5 Philade Baltimo Washingto Charleston I7.3 4.! 6.7 ' B 'n arranqul a Marac aib o 10 \ 8.2 7.0 l l \‘/<_ <—-‘ \ 00.8 l7.0 7.4 \ \ Georgetown Paramaribo ="v'r\ 33. I 37.7 Cayenne M «04/ UI “/- UI \4 4 l /\N UI m N 70/ . / w A has in'\ b\b 0} §\ Six-:21 5" m’\ <\ W K N (u 0| \ ”T kl ll 8.2 6—— t/ <\ \ ll.3 l4.4 /’ l2.0 / 6.2 k. 242 (—l/ I3.8 hi\io o: 24.0 SLLouis C.Vcrde SCOTLAND Glasgow 'U Belfast .5 3 fl I R E ,L A N D . Dub werpool Caisuar ENGLAND Londo Antwerp Southampton Dunke!‘ (1116 E U R O Loriem Rochefort Bordeaux C. Finisterre 6'0 S“ lgO . RESULTANT CURRENTS q The black arrows and numerals show the mean direction and force of the surface current <3 in each l-degree quadrangle for the month under average normal conditions. The accuracy Q, of the resultant current in any quadrangle is necessarily determined by the number of ob~ servations used in the com utatlon. The Hydrographic Office considers a resultant to be fairly accurate if compute from five or more observations in an area of 3,600 square miles. But on this chart all reliable information is shown, for the benefit of the navigator, even 9: where less than the desired five observations were obtained. 0 The resultant currents in each l-de ree quadrangle are shown as follows: a, The number in the upper-right ban of the quadrangle represents the total current . observations used in the computation. numerals in the lower left hand corner of the Lisbon uadrangle give the resultant drift in per da to the nearest tenth of a mile. The lrection of the arrow in the center of _ quadrang e shows the resultant set. 0 h 0 \ O 545 I dhbat Casablanca PREVAILING CURRENTS 2‘4 The current roses shown in green on this chart were computed from the same informa- tion as the l-degree resultants shown in black. The eight-point rose presents a graphical picture of the frequency of direction and the average drifts within the directions for each area outlined by the heavy brown lines. The arrows oint in the direction towards which the current sets, When the frequency Mogador of direction is ess than 5 percent, no arrow is shown. The length of the arrow, from the , base of the arrow head to the inner edge of the circle, when placed on the attached fre- , Agadir quency scale gives the number of times in each 100 observations that the current has been ‘ \ setting in or near the indicated direction. In instances where the full length of the arrow cannot be shown, the shaft is broken and the true percenta e inserted in numerals within the break. The width of the shaft when placed on the attac ed drift scale gives the aver- age drift in knots. The numeral in the center circle gives the percent of “nils” (no ap- preciable current observed). The approximate number of observations from which the current rose was com uted can be obtained by adding the number of observations within the l—degree quadrang es covered by the rose. For example the attached rose should be read as follows: 0f the currents observed; 5 percent were setting northeast, the average drift was be— tween 0.33 and 0.66 of a knot; 5 percent were setting east, the average drift was between 0.33 and 0.66 of a knot; 9 percent were setting southeast, the average drift was less than 0.33 of a knot; 5 percent were setting south, the average drift was between 1.33 and 1.66 knots; 57 percent were setting west, the average drift was between 0.67 and 1 knot; 5 per- cent were setting northwest, the average drift was less than 0.33 of a knot. The percent of “nils” was zero. SEA TEMPERATURES The monthly mean sea surface 5-degree isotherms shown in MAGENTA were compiled from the same source and for the same period as the resultant currents shown on this chart. DRIFT SCALE KNOTS 0.00 to 0.33 0.34 to 0.66 A F to 0.99 0 IO 20 30 40 so 60 70 so 90 I00 SCALE 0F FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE 4-57 // ’90 .30 \‘l / //////////Hllllll Hlllunlm Monrovia Sheet 10 10° NORWAY SCOTLAND NORTH ATLANTIC OCEAN . . . . . . . . . . . ‘0' SURFACE CURRENTS AND TEMPERATURES - T ’I gases. . _ . ' é NOVEMBER ‘ ‘ . . . . . . . . . . . - . . « . . . I \ I R E L A N SOURCE OF INFORMATION The information relating to monthly surface currents shown on this chart was compiled from observations made during the month for all years prior to 1935 by the co-operating observers of the Hydrographic Office. Observations were not considered reliable where x, tidal currents prevailed; w ere winds, sea, or swell of force 6 or above were recorded; as" where the vessel’s draft or trim would cause excessive leeway; or when doubt existed as ’ ‘ ' ‘ ‘ ‘ ' ‘ ' ' ' ‘ ‘ A? to the meaning of the entry “Nil” on the current report. All current calculations are based on the MEDIAN POSITION method; namely, each observation is applied at only one point, that point being midway between the beginning and end of the ship’s run for which the . ‘ current observation was made. ‘ . 3‘ . . - . . . . . . . . . .. A Southampton Dunkerque fl Antwerp F NEWFOUNDLAND Father PL \ fiftfi I \ ES :2": ,x r / Rochefort SLJohn .4 l5 /’ _.>——> Bordeaux 3.4 ll.3 Portland '- I, . _ /7 /7 —-) \) /) I) fl \ ’ , ~ -\ ”— Portsmouth ' 5-5 l 5-8 '8-0 o Bilbao C.An 23 I 5 n _. i ‘i '1 A Boston - ~ \> 13 no . RESULTANT CURREN TS 2 2 '4 . The black arrows and numerals show the mean direction and force ,of the surface current 3'8 "7 2'4 ‘ ' - ' ' ‘ ~ - ' ‘ ' ' ' ' in each 1-degree quadrangle for the month under average normal conditions. The accuracy of the resultant current in any quadrangle is necessarily determined by the number of ob~ —; /’ /7 \ servations used in the computation. The Hydrographic Office considers a resultant to be _ , . . . . . . 7.7 . . . . . . _ _ . . _ , . , , . _ . . fairly accurate if computed from five or more observations in an area of 3,600 square miles. Philadel , 52 But on this chart all reliable information is shown, for the benefit of the navigator, even ' 2 /, __, . \ k where less than the desired five observations were obtained. Baltlmo —’ The resultant currents in each 1-de ree quadrangle are shown as follows: - - - ‘7-0 '6-' - - ~ ' ‘ ' ' ~ . - - - - - - - — ~ - - - - ' ~ - ~ ~ . ~ - The number in the upper right han of the quadrangle represents the total current Lisbon observations used in the computation. numerals in the lower left hand corner of the equadrangle give the resultant drlft per day to the nearest tenth of a mile. The 0° direction of the arrow in the center the quadrangle shows the resultant set. Weshingto 56 /7 I) a I6.3 [5.6 /7 /' 7.4 C. Hatteras ,4? Casablanca. PREVAILING CURRENTS l J The current roses shown in green on this chart were computed from the same informa- /3 tion as the l—degree resultants shown in black. The eight—point rose presents a graphical 1 picture of the frequency of direction and the average drifts within the directions for each -5 area outlined by the heavy brown lines. The arrows oint in the direction towards which the current sets. When the frequency Mogador of direction is ess than 5 percent, no arrow is shown. The length of the arrow, from the base of the arrow head to the inner edge of the circle, when placed on the attached fre- x Agadir . quency scale gives the number of times in each 100 observations that the current has been . setting in or near the indicated direction. In instances where the full length of the arrow cannot be shown, the shaft is broken and the true percents e inserted in numerals within 6 3 I. the break. The width of the shaft when placed on the attac ed drift scale gives the aver- / age drift in knots. The numeral In the center circle gives the percent of “nils” (no ap- A £372 A 236 y 7_ preciable current observed). The approxzmate number of observations from which the :2 current rose was com uted can be obtalned by adding the number of observations within L the 1-degree quadrang es covered by the rose. For example the attached rose should be read as follows: 0f the currents observed; 5 percent were setting northeast, the average drift was be- tween 0.33 and 0.66 of a knot; 5 percent were setting east, the average drift was between 0.33 and 0.66 of a knot; 9 percent were setting southeast, the average drift was less than 0.33 of.a knot; 5 percent were setting south, the average drift was between 1.33 and 1.66 knots; 57 percent were setting west, the average drift was between 0.67 and 1 knot; 5 per- cent were setting northwest, the average drift was less than 0.33 of a knot. The percent of “nils” was zero. 7 ./ .7 8 SEA TEMPERATURES The monthly mean sea surface 5—degree isotherms shown in MAGENTA were compiled from the same source and for the same period as the resultant currents shown on this chart. DRIFT SCALE KNOTS 0.00 to 0.33 0.34 to 0.66 A to 0.99 1.33 1.66 1.66 r o lo 20 so 40 50 60 70 so so :00 SCALE OF FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE m‘,‘ 2' 0| \1 fix/L Barranquilla Cartagena I. Maracaibo O Mann-in 2 4 Gear etown f\ ' (9 g 2! ,\ /’ . . Monrovia 9‘69 Paramarib \K‘ 4 7 Q 0 , ’\ 2 \, 0 $1 4 C) n ‘u 7 /7 \A :{ Sheet 11 ' comm to", ”I 10° g .. NORWAY SCOTLAND NORTH ATLANTIC OCEAN ' f ' ' ' 7' ' ' ‘ ‘ ‘ ' ' V G 2 f 2 2r 2 /, f .2 7 .2 -3 LG .6 4 4 2 SURFACE CURRENTs AND TEMPERATURES - ' . 7 72 2 .. ; DECEMBER ' ‘ . . . .0 .. SOURCE OF INFORMATION The information relating to monthly surface currents shown on this chart was compiled from observations made during the month for all years prior to 1935 by the co-operating observers of the Hydrogra hic Office. Observations were not considered reliable where ’ N ‘I ‘ E tidal currents prevailed; w ere winds, sea, or swell of force 6 or above were recorded; , . . . . .- N G L A N D where the vessel’s draft or trim would cause excessive leeway; or when doubt existed as I II to the meaning of the entry “Nil” on the current report. All current calculations are based -. " on the MEDIAN POSITION method; namely, each observation is applied at only one point, I” London that point being midway between the beginning and end of the ship’s run for which the ‘ . . A current observation was made. ‘ ~ ' ' ' I ' I I I I I I I I4 I I I I I I I I I mwerp . Southampton Dunkerque Caisler FatherPL ‘ II , ’ \' II ‘ ‘ , 7 Lorient FRANCE A M E R I C A. I. I i . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51:1;met . , l 8 I St.John Bordeaux Portland I - ‘I II 2’4 23 . ~ 2 2 \. t I . I .2 I.2 I.o . . D ‘ C. Finisterre Bilbao Portsmouth - ' . - ~ - I -6 - - - . ' . . . . . I6 20 I4 C.Ann . ._ ~ , '. . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . 3 . . \ " ‘ ~ RESULTANTCURRENTS St B0 on .3 .6 .o . . .7 - ,» igo 22 9 l4 The black arrows and numerals show the mean direction and force of .the surface current \i l \, in each 1-degree quadrangle for the month under average normal conditions. The accuracy I ' ' - I q of the resultant current in any quadrangle is necessarily determined-by the number of ob- NewYo - . I I I I I I I I ’ “i servations used in the com utation. The Hydrographic Office conSIders a resultant to be I ' a fairly accurate if compute from five or more observations in an area of 3,600 square miles. 2 N 9 D But on this chart all reliable information is shown, for the benefit of the naVIgator, even Philadelphi I I I I I I I I I ' ' ' ' ' ' ' " ' ' ‘°1I 5-1 where less than the desired five observations were obtained. 00 I I 27 25 3 x 35 t The resultant currents in each 1—de ee quadrangle are shown as follows: Baltimo II I N) \I a \7 \J 11 q The number in the upper right han corner of the quadrangle represents the total current . . . . - 9.6 . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 s 7.4 .3 . 9 .o ’ L observations used in the computation. The numerals in the lower left hand corner of the . ’ - ‘ ‘ ' ' ‘ ‘3’ quadrangle give the resultant drift in per day to the nearest tenth of a mile. The \‘9 {‘7 .l '5 \28 x24 37 L26 x23 l 5‘ Lisbon direction of the arrow in the center of quadrangle shows the resultant set. 2 5 Washingto I 5 I3 I 6 —-) .a \. ——9 \. ——-> x 0 3I I I I‘ ° ° 22.6 . . - . . . L9 7.9 2.9 4.6 2.2 2.0 , . . . . _ . . . . . _ . , ; . . .. . . . 92’ .0 I3 24 A? .7 23.3 . 5 8 5 l0 7 l3 9 /' a a /* —> N 2 2' \ N \. x. x a. _2 . . |9.9 25.7 14.9 I3.0 l0.8 I9.9 . . . . 4.3 7.0 7.2 . . . . . 6.2 5.0 I7 , . . . . . . . . ’ U ILH ~ 2 ._ ~15» Norfo 72 f ’9 \l \i 6.2 . . . . . 4.3 .8 l3 36 9 2.6 I .2 30 24 33 27 32 27 28 l 5 I8 3 .6 3.4 2-9 3.4 5.0 3.4 4-6 .6 7 . . . . . . . . . . _ .6 ’5 .0 Rabat 32 2’ 38 x.“ \52 4’ \56 \3“ \f" x. I ' C2 \. 13° 1“; ' ’ Casablanca PREVAILING CURRENTS .9 . £39 \25 32 N —) -—> ——9 \I Charlest I I 'I IIII 22 III IIIS BIS III III 3'6 III I 2'9 'I '6 ' ’ ' I ' ‘ ' ‘ ‘ The current roses shown in green on this chart were computed from the same informa- 34 23 35 47 43 \24 43 x3' 3' \l 32 22 '7 £29 tion as the 1-degree resultants shown in black. The eight-point rose presents a graphical \' \' \7 ‘/ picture of the frequency of direction and the average drifts within the directions for each ‘ '5 ‘ ‘ ' ' ' ' ‘ " ' ' ' ' ’ ' '3 '9 area outlined by the_heavy brown lines. . \l 4 \3 124 38 I2 128 \7 l6 1 27 The arrows omt in the direction towardswhich the current sets. When the frequency \7 I I/ I/ . Mogador of direction is ess than 5 percent, no arrow is shown. The length of the arrow, from the ‘ -4 3-4 '4 2-9 ~ - . . - - - - ~ ' ~ ~ - .9 ' ‘~ 0-' - 4 ‘ base of the arrow gead to btile iiiiner edge of theogirile, when plafied o}? the attac‘hedbfere- I I I adir uenc scale gives e num r 0 times In eac o servations t at t ecurrent as en \2I9 / 1’ II (27 [26 \Z 25 1” l2 is Z I/ AgI650 getting in or near the indicated direction. In instances where the full length of the arrow 2.2 L4 2.4 1.9 2.6 . .3 .7 _ . . . . , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -'l 2.4 .o . .2 cannot be shown, the shaft is broken and the true percents e inserted in numerals within 29 ,6 30 23 24 28 ,8 I I. the break. The width of the shaft when placed on the attac ed drift scale gives the aver— / ’\ K I. \ l L/ / (—— ‘Z I! 24 \I 9 ,1 , j age drift in knots. The numeral in the center Circle gives the. percent of “nils” (no a — 5-8 '-° 4-' 3-8 3-l .7 a .a 3 .s 3.8 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .R Y2.21 S .4 , ’ preciable current observed). The apprQXImate number of observations from ’which t e 32 20 2 ,7 9 s current rose was com uted can be obtained by adding the number of observations Within L/ (—3 \Z l J 23 \ ,1 , ' the l-deg'ree quadrang es covered by the rose. 2.6 7 . . _ . , _ , . . _ , , _ ’ o"I ' For example the attached rose should be read as follows: . I I I , L. 1) 0f the currents observed; 5 percent were setting northeast, the average drift was be— \ ‘ y tween 0.33 and 0.66 of a knot; 5 percent were setting east, the average drift was between 0 0. 33 and 0.66 of a knot; 9 percent were setting southeast, the average drift was less than ' 0.33 of a knot; 5 percent were setting south, the average drift was between 1.33 and 1.66 knots; 57 percent were setting west, the average drift was between 0.67 and 1 knot; 5 per- cent were setting northwest, the average drift was less than 0.33 of a knot. The percent of “nils” was zero. I 4 SEA TEMPERATURES The monthly mean sea surface 5—degree isotherms shown in MAGENTA were compiled from the same source and for the same period as the resultant currents shown on this chart. DRIFT SCALE KNOTS 0.00 to 0.34 to A 0.67 to / Io.I II . _ . , , _ _ . . lo 4 \5 4/6/3kr5“3(‘3w4 .6 5.8 . I. 6.7 3 o 27 to . . Ill/III//.,., I///I’// I0 I 0 I0 20 so 40 so 60 70 so 90 Ice SCALE OF FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE SLLouis 70° C.Verde «57 K K \ v\ K \ "$4, \ f~ {,1} . ’ x |\ \ ll5 U . \l 2 l 2 [I6 ”'27” _+ U .7 I 4 Buis'i‘zanquilla Cartagena Maracaibo I . at; . . . _\' _\’ //// ,90 '80 m lllllll lllllllll\\\\\\\\n \2 8 8 [I 3 T f { I7 I4 9 2 Georgetown |\ r\ a I 3 .7 3 :"': . | \\ 2 Paramaribo 720 -~'\ I\ \\ \' /'7 [’5 [I )3 _> \JII T I .\ If /[I [25 T15 /‘ As I fi-i [I 72 \3 Cayenne I8 2| I9 ‘\ '\..'> \ '\ '\ 4I32 KKKF Sheet 12 .