A T O U R THROUGH THE SOUTHERN AND WESTERN TERRITORIES OF THE UNITED STATES OF NORTH- AMERICA; A T O U R THROUGH THE SOUTHERN AND WESTERN TERRITORIES OF THE UNITED STATES OF NORTH -AMERICA; A T O U R THROUGH THE SOUTHERN AND WESTERN TERRITORIES OF THE UNITED STATES OF NORTH- AMERICA; By JOHN POPE. A FACSIMILE REPRODUCTION OF THE 1792 EDITION, WITH AN INTRODUCTION AND INDEXES BY J. Barton Starr. BICENTENNIAL FLORIDIANA FACSIMILE SERIES. A University of Florida Book University Presses of Florida Gainesville 1979. By JOHN POPE. A FACSIMILE REPRODUCTION OF THE 1792 EDITION, WITH AN INTRODUCTION AND INDEXES BY J. Barton Starr. BICENTENNIAL FLORIDIANA FACSIMILE SERIES. A University of Florida Book University Presses of Florida Gainesville 1979. By JOHN POPE. A FACSIMILE REPRODUCTION OF THE 1792 EDITION, WITH AN INTRODUCTION AND INDEXES BY J. Barton Starr. BICENTENNIAL FLORIDIANA FACSIMILE SERIES. A University of Florida Book University Presses of Florida Gainesville 1979.  THE BICENTENNIAL FLORIDIANA FACSIMILE SERIES published under the sponsorship of the BICENTENNIAL COMMISSION OF FLORIDA, SAMUEL PROCTOR, General Editor. A FACSIMILE REPRODUCTION OF THE 1792 EDITION WITH PREFATORY MATERIAL, INTRODUCTION, AND INDEXES ADDED. NEW MATERIAL COPYRIGHT © 1979 BY THE BOARD OF REGENTS OF THE STATE OF FLORIDA. All rights reserved. PRINTED IN FLORIDA BY STORTER PRINTING COMPANY, GAINEsvn.E. Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data Pope, John. A roor through the southern and western territories of the United States of North-America. (Bicentennial Floridiana facsimile series) "A University of Florida book." Photoreprint of the ed. printed by J. Dixon, Richmond. Includes bibliographical references. 1. Southern Statres-Description and travel. 2. Ohio Valley-Description and travel. 3. Southwest, Old- Description and travel. 4. Creek Indians. 5. Pope, John. I. Title. II. Series. [F213.P82 1979) 917.3 78-26408 ISBN 0-8130-0418-7 THE BICENTENNIAL FLORIDIANA FACSIMILE SERIES published under the sponsorship of the BICENTENNIAL COMMISSION OF FLORIDA, SAMUEL PROCTOR, General Editor. A FACSIMILE REPRODUCTION OF THE 1792 EDITION WITH PREFATORY MATERIAL, INTRODUCTION, AND INDEXEs ADDED. NEW MATERIAL COPYRIGHT @ 1979 BY THE BOARD OF REGENTS OF THE STATE OF FLORIDA. All rights reserved. PRINTED IN FLORIDA BY STORTER PRINTING COMPANY, GAINEsvnLLE. Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data Pope, John. A tour through the southern and western territories of the United States of North-America. (Bicentennial Floridians facsimile series) "A University of Florida book." Photoreprint of the ed. printed by J. Dixon, Richmond. Includes bibliographical references. 1. Southern States-Description and travel. 2. Ohio Valley-Description and travel. 3. Southwest, Old- Description and travel. 4. Creek Indians. 5. Pope, John. I. Title. II. Series. [F213.P8219791 917.3 78-26408 ISBN 0-8130-0418-7 THE BICENTENNIAL FLORIDIANA FACSIMILE SERIES published under the sponsorship of the BICENTENNIAL COMMISSION OF FLORIDA, SAMUEL PROCTOR, General Editor. A FACSIMILE REPRODUCTION OF THE 1792 EDITION WITH PREFATORY MATERIAL, INTRODUCTION, AND INDEXERS ADDED. NEw MATERIAL COPYRIGHT © 1979 BY THE BOARD OF REGENTS OF THE STATE OF FLORIDA. All rights reserved. PRrN-E IN FLORIDA BY STORTER PRINTING COMPANY, GAINEVILLE. Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data Pope, John. A tour through the southern and western territories of the United States of North-America. (Bicentennial Floridiana facsimile series) "A University of Florida book." Photoreprint of the ed. printed by J. Dixon, Richmond. Includes bibliographical references. 1. Southern States--Description and travel. 2. Ohio Valley-Description and travel. 3. Southwest, Old- Description and travel. 4. Creek Indians. S. Pope, John. I. Title. II. Series. [F213.P82 19791 917.3 78-26408 ISBN 0-8130-0418-7  BICENTENNIAL COMMISSION OF FLORIDA. Governor Reubin O'D. Askew, Honorary Chairman Lieutenant Governor J. H. Williams, Chairman Harold W. Stayman, Jr., Vice Chairman William R. Adams, Executive Director Dick J. Batchelor, Orlando Johnnie Ruth Clarke, St. Petersburg A. H. "Gus" Craig, St. Augustine James J. Gardener, Fort Lauderdale Jim Glisson, Tavares Mattox Hair, Jacksonville Thomas L. Hazouri, Jacksonville Ney C. Landrum, Tallahassee Mrs. Raymond Mason, Jacksonville Carl C. Mertins, Jr., Pensacola Charles E. Perry, Miami W. E. Potter, Orlando F. Blair Reeves, Gainesville Richard R. Renick, Coral Gables Jane W. Robinson, Cocoa Mrs. Robert L. Shevin, Tallahassee Don Shoemaker, Miami Mary L. Singleton, Jacksonville Bruce A. Smathers, Tallahassee Alan Trask, Fort Meade Edward J. Trombetta, Tallahassee Ralph D. Turlington, Tallahassee William S. Turnbull, Orlando Robert Williams, Tallahassee Lori Wilson, Merritt Island BICENTENNIAL COMMISSION OF FLORIDA. Governor Reubin O'D. Askew, Honorary Chairman Lieutenant Governor J. H. Williams, Chairman Harold W. Stayman, Jr., Vice Chairman William R. Adams, Executive Director Dick J. Batchelor, Orlando Johnnie Ruth Clarke, St. Petersburg A. H. "Gus" Craig, St. Augustine James J. Gardener, Fort Lauderdale Jim Glisson, Tavares Mattox Hair, Jacksonville Thomas L. Hazouri, Jacksonville Ney C. Landrum, Tallahassee Mrs. Raymond Mason, Jacksonville Carl C. Mertins, Jr., Pensacola Charles E. Perry, Miami W. E. Potter, Orlando F. Blair Reeves, Gainesville Richard R. Renick, Coral Gables Jane W. Robinson, Cocoa Mrs. Robert L. Shevin, Tallahassee Don Shoemaker, Miami Mary L. Singleton, Jacksonville Bruce A. Smathers, Tallahassee Alan Trask, Fort Meade Edward J. Trombetta, Tallahassee Ralph D. Turlington, Tallahassee William S. Turnbull, Orlando Robert Williams, Tallahassee Lori Wilson, Merritt Island r r BICENTENNIAL COMMISSION OF FLORIDA. Governor Reubin O'D. Askew, Honorary Chairman Lieutenant Governor J. H. Williams, Chairman Harold W. Stayman, Jr., Vice Chairman William R. Adams, Executive Director Dick J. Batchelor, Orlando Johnnie Ruth Clarke, St. Petersburg A. H. "Gus" Craig, St. Augustine James J. Gardener, Fort Lauderdale Jim Glisson, Tavares Mattox Hair, Jacksonville Thomas L. Hazouri, Jacksonville Ney C. Landrum, Tallahassee Mrs. Raymond Mason, Jacksonville Carl C. Mertins, Jr., Pensacola Charles E. Perry, Miami W. E. Potter, Orlando F. Blair Reeves, Gainesville Richard R. Renick, Coral Gables Jane W. Robinson, Cocoa Mrs. Robert L. Shevin, Tallahassee Don Shoemaker, Miami Mary L. Singleton, Jacksonville Bruce A. Smathers, Tallahassee Alan Trask, Fort Meade Edward J. Trombetta, Tallahassee Ralph D. Turlington, Tallahassee William S. Turnbull, Orlando Robert Williams, Tallahassee Lori Wilson, Merritt Island  0  GENERAL EDITOR'S PREFACE. M ANY Americans after the Revolution were curious about the western and southern lands ceded by Britain to the United States in the Paris peace agreement of 1783. Only a handful of travelers had journeyed through this area, and little was known of the land or of the peoples who lived there. Most Americans satis- fied their curiosity by reading the few published travel accounts of the more adventuresome, or the more reckless, of their fellow citizens, who were willing to take a chance of being murdered by an Indian, gored or eaten by a wild beast, or taken captive by some unknown enemy. One of those who traveled in 1783 and 1784 into "the southern territories" of East Florida was a German named Johann David Schoepf. He published an account of his journey in a volume entitled Travels in the Confederation. Schoepf sailed south from Charleston and along the coast of Georgia to St. Augustine. There he lodged with a German baker and his wife and explored v GENERAL EDITOR'S PREFACE. MANY Americans after the Revolution were curious about the western and southern lands ceded by Britain to the United States in the Paris peace agreement of 1783. Only a handful of travelers had journeyed through this area, and little was known of the land or of the peoples who lived there. Most Americans satis- fied their curiosity by reading the few published travel accounts of the more adventuresome, or the more reckless, of their fellow citizens, who were willing to take a chance of being murdered by an Indian, gored or eaten by a wild beast, or taken captive by some unknown enemy. One of those who traveled in 1783 and 1784 into "the southern territories" of East Florida was a German named Johann David Schoepf. He published an account of his journey in a volume entitled Travels in the Confederation. Schoepf sailed south from Charleston and along the coast of Georgia to St. Augustine. There he lodged with a German baker and his wife and explored v GENERAL EDITOR'S PREFACE. MANY Americans after the Revolution were curious about the western and southern lands ceded by Britain to the United States in the Paris peace agreement of 1783. Only a handful of travelers had journeyed through this area, and little was known of the land or of the peoples who lived there. Most Americans satis- fied their curiosity by reading the few published travel accounts of the more adventuresome, or the more reckless, of their fellow citizens, who were willing to take a chance of being murdered by an Indian, gored or eaten by a wild beast, or taken captive by some unknown enemy. One of those who traveled in 1783 and 1784 into "the southern territories" of East Florida was a German named Johann David Schoepf. He published an account of his journey in a volume entitled Travels in the Confederation. Schoepf sailed south from Charleston and along the coast of Georgia to St. Augustine. There he lodged with a German baker and his wife and explored v  vi the surrounding countryside. Schoepf describes the vegetation, climate, animal life, the people, their houses and churches. This valuable and in- sightful account, written in German, was trans- lated and published in the United States in 1911. Of more importance is the travel journal of Colonel John Pope of Virginia who toured the "Southern and Western Territories of the Uni- ted States" in 1790. The good colonel is an enigma about whom very little is known. Some historians have wondered if he ever existed at all and if his travel account is not a work of fic- tion. Professor J. Barton Starr, who has edited Pope's Tour of the Southern and Western Ter- ritories of the United States for the Bicentennial Floridiana Facsimile Series, has established that John Pope was a real person and that his "tour" did indeed take place. Pope began his peregrina- tions the year following the adoption of the new constitution in Philadelphia. In Europe, the French Revolution was sending forth shock waves to every part of the continent. These events in Philadelphia and in Europe would change the world, but Colonel Pope seemed little aware of them; he makes no mention of these stirring episodes in his travel account. America was moving in 1790, and Manifest Destiny was fast becoming an American passion. There was no limit to how far the country's boundaries would eventually be extended, many vi the surrounding countryside. Schoepf describes the vegetation, climate, animal life, the people, their houses and churches. This valuable and in- sightful account, written in German, was trans- lated and published in the United States in 1911. Of more importance is the travel journal of Colonel John Pope of Virginia who toured the "Southern and Western Territories of the Uni- ted States" in 1790. The good colonel is an enigma about whom very little is known. Some historians have wondered if he ever existed at all and if his travel account is not a work of fic- tion. Professor J. Barton Starr, who has edited Pope's Tour of the Southern and Western Ter- ritories of the United States for the Bicentennial Floridiana Facsimile Series, has established that John Pope was a real person and that his "tour" did indeed take place. Pope began his peregrina- tions the year following the adoption of the new constitution in Philadelphia. In Europe, the French Revolution was sending forth shock waves to every part of the continent. These events in Philadelphia and in Europe would change the world, but Colonel Pope seemed little aware of them; he makes no mention of these stirring episodes in his travel account. America was moving in 1790, and Manifest Destiny was fast becoming an American passion. There was no limit to how far the country's boundaries would eventually be extended, many vi the surrounding countryside. Schoepf describes the vegetation, climate, animal life, the people, their houses and churches. This valuable and in- sightful account, written in German, was trans- lated and published in the United States in 1911. Of more importance is the travel journal of Colonel John Pope of Virginia who toured the "Southern and Western Territories of the Uni- ted States" in 1790. The good colonel is an enigma about whom very little is known. Some historians have wondered if he ever existed at all and if his travel account is not a work of fic- tion. Professor J. Barton Starr, who has edited Pope's Tour of the Southern and Western Ter- ritories of the United States for the Bicentennial Floridiana Facsimile Series, has established that John Pope was a real person and that his "tour" did indeed take place. Pope began his peregrina- tions the year following the adoption of the new constitution in Philadelphia. In Europe, the French Revolution was sending forth shock waves to every part of the continent. These events in Philadelphia and in Europe would change the world, but Colonel Pope seemed little aware of them; he makes no mention of these stirring episodes in his travel account. America was moving in 1790, and Manifest Destiny was fast becoming an American passion. There was no limit to how far the country's boundaries would eventually be extended, many  vii vii of its citizens believed. First, however, the newly acquired lands would have to be "examined," and this was the role played by men like John Pope. Pope started his journey from Richmond on June 1, 1790, and four months later he had reached Pittsburgh. Turning south to Louisville, he then proceeded down the Ohio and Missis- sippi rivers to New Orleans. From there he jour- neyed to West Florida. His visit to Pensacola provides important historical information on the city, its people, and their business activities, par- ticularly the trading firm of Panton, Leslie and Company. After stopping with Alexander Mc- Gillivray, the half-breed chief of the Creeks, Pope traveled through Georgia to Augusta. He tried to get into East Florida, but when the Spanish refused to allow his ship to enter the St. Johns River, he put in at St. Marys, Georgia. From there he returned North, ending his long sixteen-month tour in Philadelphia. Colonel Pope published his travel account in 1792. How popular the book was, no one can now ascertain, but it has become over the years a very rare volume. J. Barton Starr, the editor of this facsimile volume, which is published by the University of Florida Press for the American Revolution Bicentennial Commission of Florida, is a member of the history faculty at Troy State University at Fort Rucker, Alabama. A native of Pensacola, Dr. Starr is a graduate of Samford of its citizens believed. First, however, the newly acquired lands would have to be "examined," and this was the role played by men like John Pope. Pope started his journey from Richmond on June 1, 1790, and four months later he had reached Pittsburgh. Turning south to Louisville, he then proceeded down the Ohio and Missis- sippi rivers to New Orleans. From there he jour- neyed to West Florida. His visit to Pensacola provides important historical information on the city, its people, and their business activities, par- ticularly the trading firm of Panton, Leslie and Company. After stopping with Alexander Mc- Gillivray, the half-breed chief of the Creeks, Pope traveled through Georgia to Augusta. He tried to get into East Florida, but when the Spanish refused to allow his ship to enter the St. Johns River, he put in at St. Marys, Georgia. From there he returned North, ending his long sixteen-month tour in Philadelphia. Colonel Pope published his travel account in 1792. How popular the book was, no one can now ascertain, but it has become over the years a very rare volume. J. Barton Starr, the editor of this facsimile volume, which is published by the University of Florida Press for the American Revolution Bicentennial Commission of Florida, is a member of the history faculty at Troy State University at Fort Rucker, Alabama. A native of Pensacola, Dr. Starr is a graduate of Samford vii of its citizens believed. First, however, the newly acquired lands would have to be "examined," and this was the role played by men like John Pope. Pope started his journey from Richmond on June 1, 1790, and four months later he had reached Pittsburgh. Turning south to Louisville, he then proceeded down the Ohio and Missis- sippi rivers to New Orleans. From there he jour- neyed to West Florida. His visit to Pensacola provides important historical information on the city, its people, and their business activities, par- ticularly the trading firm of Panton, Leslie and Company. After stopping with Alexander Mc- Gillivray, the half-breed chief of the Creeks, Pope traveled through Georgia to Augusta. He tried to get into East Florida, but when the Spanish refused to allow his ship to enter the St. Johns River, he put in at St. Marys, Georgia. From there he returned North, ending his long sixteen-month tour in Philadelphia. Colonel Pope published his travel account in 1792. How popular the book was, no one can now ascertain, but it has become over the years a very rare volume. J. Barton Starr, the editor of this facsimile volume, which is published by the University of Florida Press for the American Revolution Bicentennial Commission of Florida, is a member of the history faculty at Troy State University at Fort Rucker, Alabama. A native of Pensacola, Dr. Starr is a graduate of Samford  viii University and Florida State University. His publications include two books: Tories, Dons, and Rebels: the American Revolution in British West Florida, 1775-1783 (Gainesville, 1976) and Alabama: A Place, People, a Point of View (Dubuque, Iowa, 1977). He is also the author of a monograph, To Live (and Die) in Dixie (Troy, Alabama, 1978). His scholarly articles have been published in the Florida Historical Quarterly, the Alabama Review, and the Ala- bama Historical Quarterly, and he has delivered papers at a number of professional meetings and conferences. He is the recipient of a Fulbright- Hays Senior Lectureship to spend a year in Hong Kong. SAMUEL PROCTOR. General Editor of the BICENTENNIAL FLORIDIANA FACSIMILE SERIES. viii University and Florida State University. His publications include two books: Tories, Dons, and Rebels: the American Revolution in British West Florida, 1775-1783 (Gainesville, 1976) and Alabama: A Place, People, a Point of View (Dubuque, Iowa, 1977). He is also the author of a monograph, To Live (and Die) in Dixie (Troy, Alabama, 1978). His scholarly articles have been published in the Florida Historical Quarterly, the Alabama Review, and the Ala- bama Historical Quarterly, and he has delivered papers at a number of professional meetings and conferences. He is the recipient of a Fulbright- Hays Senior Lectureship to spend a year in Hong Kong. SAMUEL PROCTOR. General Editor of the BICENTENNIAL FLORIDIANA FACSIMILE SERIES. viii University and Florida State University. His publications include two books: Tories, Dons, and Rebels: the American Revolution in British West Florida, 1775-1783 (Gainesville, 1976) and Alabama: A Place, People, a Point of View (Dubuque, Iowa, 1977). He is also the author of a monograph, To Live (and Die) in Dixie (Troy, Alabama, 1978). His scholarly articles have been published in the Florida Historical Quarterly, the Alabama Review, and the Ala- bama Historical Quarterly, and he has delivered papers at a number of professional meetings and conferences. He is the recipient of a Fulbright- Hays Senior Lectureship to spend a year in Hong Kong. SAMUEL PROCTOR. General Editor of the BICENTENNIAL FLORIDIANA FACSIMILE SERIES.  INTRODUCTION. H E was never born, lived only two years, wrote his travel account from a comfort- able chair in Richmond, and never died. After roughly six months of intensive research involv- ing nearly as much travel as is contained in the book under investigation, I had just about reached this conclusion concerning Colonel John Pope. In the course of my research for this in- troduction, I discovered that numerous other historians had attempted to unearth Pope, only to give up in frustration. Such a challenge made me even more determined to locate the pertinentg material. After doing research in fifteen different depositories and corresponding with approxi- mately thirty-five others, I must regrettably now take my place among the confounded, but not among the conquered. Colonel Pope and his tra- vel account proved as elusive as the proverbial pot of gold at the end of the rainbow. I have, however, through persistence (perhaps stub- bornness is a better word) and pure luck, been ix INTRODUCTION. HE was never born, lived only two years, wrote his travel account from a comfort- able chair in Richmond, and never died. After roughly six months of intensive research involv- ing nearly as much travel as is contained in the book under investigation, I had just about reached this conclusion concerning Colonel John Pope. In the course of my research for this in- troduction, I discovered that numerous other historians had attempted to unearth Pope, only to give up in frustration. Such a challenge made me even more determined to locate the pertinent material. After doing research in fifteen different depositories and corresponding with approxi- mately thirty-five others, I must regrettably now take my place among the confounded, but not among the conquered. Colonel Pope and his tra- vel account proved as elusive as the proverbial pot of gold at the end of the rainbow. I have, however, through persistence (perhaps stub- bornness is a better word) and pure luck, been ix INTRODUCTION. HE was never born, lived only two years, wrote his travel account from a comfort- able chair in Richmond, and never died. After roughly six months of intensive research involv- ing nearly as much travel as is contained in the book under investigation, I had just about reached this conclusion concerning Colonel John Pope. In the course of my research for this in- troduction, I discovered that numerous other historians had attempted to unearth Pope, only to give up in frustration. Such a challenge made me even more determined to locate the pertinent material. After doing research in fifteen different depositories and corresponding with approxi- mately thirty-five others, I must regrettably now take my place among the confounded, but not among the conquered. Colonel Pope and his tra- vel account proved as elusive as the proverbial pot of gold at the end of the rainbow. I have, however, through persistence (perhaps stub- bornness is a better word) and pure luck, been ix  x able to verify the existence of Pope and the au- thenticity of his travel account. In so doing, I have developed a profound admiration for a man who could make the exhausting trip of several thousand miles, remain lucid enough to write a useful record of that trip, and at the same time visit with over sixty people-including many prominent people such as George Rogers Clark, General Adam Stephen, Senator Pierce Butler, Hugh Henry Brackenridge, General Horatio Gates, Governor Manuel Gayoso de Lem6s, Commandant Carlos de Grand-Pr6, Joseph Ha- bersham, Alexander McGillivray, Daniel Mor- gan, Governor Arturo O'Neill, Governor Ed- ward Telfair, Charles Washington, Secretary of War Henry Knox, and Colonel Isaac Zane-and manage to be mentioned in the papers of only two of them. Pope apparently then returned to Richmond to publish his book where his only legacy is a handwritten note on the last sheet of the University of Virginia's copy of his magnum opus: "Pope you are a damned fool." But Colonel John Pope's Tour through the Southern and Western Territories of the United States of North-America . . . is an entertaining book of some importance. While "Mere Occur- encies, and the most conspicuous Traits of Men and Manners, are the principal objects of my In- vestigation,"' Pope's observations--occasionally quite florid and fanciful-are basically accurate. x able to verify the existence of Pope and the au- thenticity of his travel account. In so doing, I have developed a profound admiration for a man who could make the exhausting trip of several thousand miles, remain lucid enough to write a useful record of that trip, and at the same time visit with over sixty people-including many prominent people such as George Rogers Clark, General Adam Stephen, Senator Pierce Butler, Hugh Henry Brackenridge, General Horatio Gates, Governor Manuel Gayoso de Lemos, Commandant Carlos de Grand-Pri, Joseph Ha- bersham, Alexander McGillivray, Daniel Mor- gan, Governor Arturo O'Neill, Governor Ed- ward Telfair, Charles Washington, Secretary of War Henry Knox, and Colonel Isaac Zane-and manage to be mentioned in the papers of only two of them. Pope apparently then returned to Richmond to publish his book where his only legacy is a handwritten note on the last sheet of the University of Virginia's copy of his magnum opus: "Pope you are a damned fool." But Colonel John Pope's Tour through the Southern and Western Territories of the United States of North-America . . . is an entertaining book of some importance. While "Mere Occur- encies, and the most conspicuous Traits of Men and Manners, are the principal objects of my In- vestigation,"' Pope's observations-occasionally quite florid and fanciful-are basically accurate. able to verify the existence of Pope and the au- thenticity of his travel account. In so doing, I have developed a profound admiration for a man who could make the exhausting trip of several thousand miles, remain lucid enough to write a useful record of that trip, and at the same time visit with over sixty people-including many prominent people such as George Rogers Clark, General Adam Stephen, Senator Pierce Butler, Hugh Henry Brackenridge, General Horatio Gates, Governor Manuel Gayoso de Lem6s, Commandant Carlos de Grand-Pri, Joseph Ha- bersham, Alexander McGillivray, Daniel Mor- gan, Governor Arturo O'Neill, Governor Ed- ward Telfair, Charles Washington, Secretary of War Henry Knox, and Colonel Isaac Zane-and manage to be mentioned in the papers of only two of them. Pope apparently then returned to Richmond to publish his book where his only legacy is a handwritten note on the last sheet of the University of Virginia's copy of his magnum opus: "Pope you are a damned fool." But Colonel John Pope's Tour through the Southern and Western Territories of the United States of North-America . . . is an entertaining book of some importance. While "Mere Occur- encies, and the most conspicuous Traits of Men and Manners, are the principal objects of my In- vestigation,"' Pope's observations-occasionally quite florid and fanciful-are basically accurate.  xi He commits an occasional error, but it is unin- tentional, as his aim was to present an accurate account of his tour as he perceived it. But who was Colonel John Pope, and why did he make the extensive journey? "Almost nothing is known about the author"; "extended search has brought to light little con- cerning him"; "you ask the million-dollar ques- tion . . . respecting biographical data on John Pope"; such is the secondary evidence concern- ing the baffling Pope? Virtually nothing has come to light concerning Pope's early life, but from textual evidence (page 79), Pope lived in Amherst County, Virginia, at the time of the American Revolution. The text (page 9) also clearly indicates that he served as an officer dur- ing that conflict. While there are several John Popes from Virginia listed as having served in the Revolution,' the evidence is conclusive that John Pope, Jr., of Amherst County was recom- mended as a major in the militia in June 1780, and in May 1781, "John Pope Jr. Gent." was recommended as a lieutenant colonel of the first battalion of the militia. A month later he quali- fied as lieutenant colonel. While there is no clear service record for Pope, his battalion saw duty at Lynch's Ferry, Cowpens, Rockfish Gap, and the Battle of Jamestown, and joined the "Main xi He commits an occasional error, but it is unin- tentional, as his aim was to present an accurate account of his tour as he perceived it. But who was Colonel John Pope, and why did he make the extensive journey? "Almost nothing is known about the author"; "extended search has brought to light little con- cerning him"; "you ask the million-dollar ques- tion . . . respecting biographical data on John Pope"; such is the secondary evidence concern- ing the baffling Pope? Virtually nothing has come to light concerning Pope's early life, but from textual evidence (page 79), Pope lived in Amherst County, Virginia, at the time of the American Revolution. The text (page 9) also clearly indicates that he served as an officer dur- ing that conflict. While there are several John Popes from Virginia listed as having served in the Revolution,' the evidence is conclusive that John Pope, Jr., of Amherst County was recom- mended as a major in the militia in June 1780, and in May 1781, "John Pope Jr. Gent." was recommended as a lieutenant colonel of the first battalion of the militia. A month later he quali- fied as lieutenant colonel. While there is no clear service record for Pope, his battalion saw duty at Lynch's Ferry, Cowpens, Rockfish Gap, and the Battle of Jamestown, and joined the "Main xi He commits an occasional error, but it is unin- tentional, as his aim was to present an accurate account of his tour as he perceived it. But who was Colonel John Pope, and why did he make the extensive journey? "Almost nothing is known about the author"; "extended search has brought to light little con- cerning him"; "you ask the million-dollar ques- tion . . . respecting biographical data on John Pope"; such is the secondary evidence concern- ing the baffling Pope? Virtually nothing has come to light concerning Pope's early life, but from textual evidence (page 79), Pope lived in Amherst County, Virginia, at the time of the American Revolution. The text (page 9) also clearly indicates that he served as an officer dur- ing that conflict. While there are several John Popes from Virginia listed as having served in the Revolution,' the evidence is conclusive that John Pope, Jr., of Amherst County was recom- mended as a major in the militia in June 1780, and in May 1781, "John Pope Jr. Gent." was recommended as a lieutenant colonel of the first battalion of the militia. A month later he quali- fied as lieutenant colonel. While there is no clear service record for Pope, his battalion saw duty at Lynch's Ferry, Cowpens, Rockfish Gap, and the Battle of Jamestown, and joined the "Main  xii Army under Gen. Lafayette & other generals" for the Battle of Yorktown.* After Yorktown, Pope apparently returned to Amherst County where he was listed as residing in the 1783 and 1785 censuses.? As a militia offi- cer and styled a "Gent.," Pope undoubtedly was in the upper level of Amherst County society and took his community responsibilities seriously, for in May 1782, he was appointed "Surveyor of the Road."" Little else is known of Pope dur- ing this period, although as late as 1785 he was listed in the Amherst County Personal Property Book, and in 1791 he was shown in the Land Tax Books for the same county as holding 719 acres. Page 52 of the text of Pope's Tour clearly im- plies that he was residing in the area of Rich- mond and Manchester by 1790. The land records for Amherst County verify that in 1790 Pope sold all of his land to William Duval.' While he indicates that he moved to the Richmond and Manchester area of Virginia, there is nothing in the records of Chesterfield County or Richmond City to indicate such a fact. There is a John Pope listed in the Land Tax Books for 1787-1790, and in the Personal Property Books from 1786 through the early nineteenth century in Rich- mond County on the Northern Neck of Vir- ginia.' There is, however, nothing to definitely authenticate that this is our Colonel Pope. Pope was a common name in late-eighteenth-cen- xii Army under Gen. Lafayette & other generals" for the Battle of Yorktown.' After Yorktown, Pope apparently returned to Amhdrst County where he was listed as residing in the 1783 and 1785 censuses. As a militia offi- cer and styled a "Gent.," Pope undoubtedly was in the upper level of Amherst County society and took his community responsibilities seriously, for in May 1782, he was appointed "Surveyor of the Road."" Little else is known of Pope dur- ing this period, although as late as 1785 he was listed in the Amherst County Personal Property Book, and in 1791 he was shown in the Land Tax Books for the same county as holding 719 acres. Page 52 of the text of Pope's Tour clearly im- plies that he was residing in the area of Rich- mond and Manchester by 1790. The land records for Amherst County verify that in 1790 Pope sold all of his land to William Duval.' While he indicates that he moved to the Richmond and Manchester area of Virginia, there is nothing in the records of Chesterfield County or Richmond City to indicate such a fact. There is a John Pope listed in the Land Tax Books for 1787-1790, and in the Personal Property Books from 1786 through the early nineteenth century in Rich- mond County on the Northern Neck of Vir- ginia. There is, however, nothing to definitely authenticate that this is our Colonel Pope. Pope was a common name in late-eighteenth-cen- xii Army under Gen. Lafayette & other generals" for the Battle of Yorktown. After Yorktown, Pope apparently returned to Amherst County where he was listed as residing in the 1783 and 1785 censuses." As a militia offi- cer and styled a "Gent.," Pope undoubtedly was in the upper level of Amherst County society and took his community responsibilities seriously, for in May 1782, he was appointed "Surveyor of the Road." Little else is known of Pope dur- ing this period, although as late as 1785 he was listed in the Amherst County Personal Property Book, and in 1791 he was shown in the Land Tax Books for the same county as holding 719 acres. Page 52 of the text of Pope's Tour clearly im- plies that he was residing in the area of Rich- mond and Manchester by 1790. The land records for Amherst County verify that in 1790 Pope sold all of his land to William Duval.' While he indicates that he moved to the Richmond and Manchester area of Virginia, there is nothing in the records of Chesterfield County or Richmond City to indicate such a fact. There is a John Pope listed in the Land Tax Books for 1787-1790, and in the Personal Property Books from 1786 through the early nineteenth century in Rich- mond County on the Northern Neck of Vir- ginia. There is, however, nothing to definitely authenticate that this is our Colonel Pope. Pope was a common name in late-eighteenth-cen-  xm tury Virginia, and there are a number of "John Popes" listed in contemporary records. The only safe conclusion is that Colonel Pope lived in Am- herst County until around 1790 when he moved to the neighborhood of Richmond and Man- chester, whence he began his tour. That Pope moved appears obvious, that he made a tour is certain, but why he made the trip is open to question. The most obvious explanation for the trek through the American wilderness is intellectual curiosity and a desire for excite- ment. Apparently well-educated, as evidenced by his writing ability, his occasional use of Latin, and his frequent quoting from such diverse sources as Milton, Voltaire, Dryden, Samuel Butler, Aristotle, Robert Burton, and Alexander Pope, the prospect of mental stimulation must have had a strong appeal to Pope. On the other hand, after the excitement of watching "the world turned upside down," the gentry life of Amherst County might have been dull to the Revolutionary War officer. The certainty of new adventure undoubtedly attracted Pope. Or it may well have been, as former President Theo- dore Roosevelt would put it over a hundred years later, it was his "last chance to be a boy." Whatever personal reasons Pope may have had for his tour, there apparently was also a very xiii tury Virginia, and there are a number of "John Popes" listed in contemporary records. The only safe conclusion is that Colonel Pope lived in Am- herst County until around 1790 when he moved to the neighborhood of Richmond and Man- chester, whence he began his tour. That Pope moved appears obvious, that he made a tour is certain, but why he made the trip is open to question. The most obvious explanation for the trek through the American wilderness is intellectual curiosity and a desire for excite- ment. Apparently well-educated, as evidenced by his writing ability, his occasional use of Latin, and his frequent quoting from such diverse sources as Milton, Voltaire, Dryden, Samuel Butler, Aristotle, Robert Burton, and Alexander Pope, the prospect of mental stimulation must have had a strong appeal to Pope. On the other hand, after the excitement of watching "the world turned upside down," the gentry life of Amherst County might have been dull to the Revolutionary War officer. The certainty of new adventure undoubtedly attracted Pope. Or it may well have been, as former President Theo- dore Roosevelt would put it over a hundred years later, it was his "last chance to be a boy." Whatever personal reasons Pope may have had for his tour, there apparently was also a very xiii tury Virginia, and there are a number of "John Popes" listed in contemporary records. The only safe conclusion is that Colonel Pope lived in Am- herst County until around 1790 when he moved to the neighborhood of Richmond and Man- chester, whence he began his tour. That Pope moved appears obvious, that he made a tour is certain, but why he made the trip is open to question. The most obvious explanation for the trek through the American wilderness is intellectual curiosity and a desire for excite- ment. Apparently well-educated, as evidenced by his writing ability, his occasional use of Latin, and his frequent quoting from such diverse sources as Milton, Voltaire, Dryden, Samuel Butler, Aristotle, Robert Burton, and Alexander Pope, the prospect of mental stimulation must have had a strong appeal to Pope. On the other hand, after the excitement of watching "the world turned upside down," the gentry life of Amherst County might have been dull to the Revolutionary War officer. The certainty of new adventure undoubtedly attracted Pope. Or it may well have been, as former President Theo- dore Roosevelt would put it over a hundred years later, it was his "last chance to be a boy." Whatever personal reasons Pope may have had for his tour, there apparently was also a very  xiv practical reason for the journey. In a later meet- ing with Secretary of War Henry Knox, Pope informed the secretary that he had undertaken the trip as an agent of Patrick Henry and David Ross of the Virginia Yazoo Company." By the time Pope traveled to the western regions of Georgia, Patrick Henry's land speculation com- pany had been granted over seven million acres of land on the Tennessee River for $93,741, and it is therefore possible that Pope made the tour on business connected with the company. There is, however, nothing in the major collections of Patrick Henry's papers to indicate that he even knew John Pope, much less that the traveler served as his agent. In addition, Pope's Tour is not concerned with land and prospects for future development but is instead a hodgepodge of gen- eral observations. While it is possible that Pope served as a representative for the Virginia Yazoo Company and made a second report, there is nothing to verify this, and it is unlikely that such a trip would have completely escaped Henry's correspondence." Whatever the motivation for the journey, Colonel John Pope left Richmond on June 1, 1790, on a trip that would carry him through populous cities and small villages, across rampag- ing rivers and quiet streams, and into Indian country and hostile Spanish territory. Not know- ing what lay ahead, Pope would venture into the xiv practical reason for the journey. In a later meet- ing with Secretary of War Henry Knox, Pope informed the secretary that he had undertaken the trip as an agent of Patrick Henry and David Ross of the Virginia Yazoo Company." By the time Pope traveled to the western regions of Georgia, Patrick Henry's land speculation com- pany had been granted over seven million acres of land on the Tennessee River for $93,741, and it is therefore possible that Pope made the tour on business connected with the company. There is, however, nothing in the major collections of Patrick Henry's papers to indicate that he even knew John Pope, much less that the traveler served as his agent. In addition, Pope's Tour is not concerned with land and prospects for future development but is instead a hodgepodge of gen- eral observations. While it is possible that Pope served as a representative for the Virginia Yazoo Company and made a second report, there is nothing to verify this, and it is unlikely that such a trip would have completely escaped Henry's correspondence." Whatever the motivation for the journey, Colonel John Pope left Richmond on June 1, 1790, on a trip that would carry him through populous cities and small villages, across rampag- ing rivers and quiet streams, and into Indian country and hostile Spanish territory. Not know- ing what lay ahead, Pope would venture into the xiv practical reason for the journey. In a later meet- ing with Secretary of War Henry Knox, Pope informed the secretary that he had undertaken the trip as an agent of Patrick Henry and David Ross of the Virginia Yazoo Company.' By the time Pope traveled to the western regions of Georgia, Patrick Henry's land speculation com- pany had been granted over seven million acres of land on the Tennessee River for $93,741, and it is therefore possible that Pope made the tour on business connected with the company. There is, however, nothing in the major collections of Patrick Henry's papers to indicate that he even knew John Pope, much less that the traveler served as his agent. In addition, Pope's Tour is not concerned with land and prospects for future development but is instead a hodgepodge of gen- eral observations. While it is possible that Pope served as a representative for the Virginia Yazoo Company and made a second report, there is nothing to verify this, and it is unlikely that such a trip would have completely escaped Henry's correspondence." Whatever the motivation for the journey, Colonel John Pope left Richmond on June 1, 1790, on a trip that would carry him through populous cities and small villages, across rampag- ing rivers and quiet streams, and into Indian country and hostile Spanish territory. Not know- ing what lay ahead, Pope would venture into the  xv unknown for sixteen months before ending his journey in the nation's temporary capital at Phil- adelphia. Constantly plagued by rheumatism, colds, snakebite, and various other illnesses, as well as by horse thieves and occasionally hostile Indians and Spaniards, the colonel's venture is remarkable for the late eighteenth century. While other travelers wrote more detailed or more colorful accounts than John Pope, few ad- venturers of the period could match his endur- ance. The sheer distance involved makes Pope's expedition one of the outstanding accomplish- ments of the last quarter of the eighteenth cen- tury. After leaving Richmond, Pope quickly passed through Virginia to Winchester, where he re- mained several days. While there he visited with General Daniel Morgan and had his horse stolen by a former soldier in his regiment. From Win- chester he journeyed through Berkeley County, Shepherd's Town, and Martinsburg, Virginia, on his way to Redstone on the Monongahela River. Along the way he met with Charles Washington, General Horatio Gates, and Gen- eral Adam Stephen. Forced to remain for a week at Redstone-the usual gathering place for ex- peditions down the Monongahela-Pope finally reached Pittsburgh in October 1790. Remaining in the city for ten days because of illness, Pope here met the "celebrated" Hugh Henry Bracken- xv unknown for sixteen months before ending his journey in the nation's temporary capital at Phil- adelphia. Constantly plagued by rheumatism, colds, snakebite, and various other illnesses, as well as by horse thieves and occasionally hostile Indians and Spaniards, the colonel's venture is remarkable for the late eighteenth century. While other travelers wrote more detailed or more colorful accounts than John Pope, few ad- venturers of the period could match his endur- ance. The sheer distance involved makes Pope's expedition one of the outstanding accomplish- ments of the last quarter of the eighteenth cen- tury. After leaving Richmond, Pope quickly passed through Virginia to Winchester, where he re- mained several days. While there he visited with General Daniel Morgan and had his horse stolen by a former soldier in his regiment. From Win- chester he journeyed through Berkeley County, Shepherd's Town, and Martinsburg, Virginia, on his way to Redstone on the Monongahela River. Along the way he met with Charles Washington, General Horatio Gates, and Gen- eral Adam Stephen. Forced to remain for a week at Redstone-the usual gathering place for ex- peditions down the Monongahela-Pope finally reached Pittsburgh in October 1790. Remaining in the city for ten days because of illness, Pope here met the "celebrated" Hugh Henry Bracken- xv unknown for sixteen months before ending his journey in the nation's temporary capital at Phil- adelphia. Constantly plagued by rheumatism, colds, snakebite, and various other illnesses, as well as by horse thieves and occasionally hostile Indians and Spaniards, the colonel's venture is remarkable for the late eighteenth century. While other travelers wrote more detailed or more colorful accounts than John Pope, few ad- venturers of the period could match his endur- ance. The sheer distance involved makes Pope's expedition one of the outstanding accomplish- ments of the last quarter of the eighteenth cen- tury. After leaving Richmond, Pope quickly passed through Virginia to Winchester, where he re- mained several days. While there he visited with General Daniel Morgan and had his horse stolen by a former soldier in his regiment. From Win- chester he journeyed through Berkeley County, Shepherd's Town, and Martinsburg, Virginia, on his way to Redstone on the Monongahela River. Along the way he met with Charles Washington, General Horatio Gates, and Gen- eral Adam Stephen. Forced to remain for a week at Redstone-the usual gathering place for ex- peditions down the Monongahela-Pope finally reached Pittsburgh in October 1790. Remaining in the city for ten days because of illness, Pope here met the "celebrated" Hugh Henry Bracken-  xvi ridge. Enthralled with Brackenridge's recent marriage to Miss Sabina Wolfe, author Pope wrote a poem to Brackenridge "on his being fairly Noos'd." Pope reports that Brackenridge published the poem in the Pittsburgh Gazette, but unfortunately this journal is not extant for the last six months of 1790. The poem is includ- ed in Pope's Tour and is an example of the type of poetry Pope frequently wrote and included in his work. He is "little noted nor long remem- bered" for his poetry." Colonel Pope departed Pittsburgh in Novem- ber 1790 for the long journey down the Ohio and Mississippi rivers to New Orleans. Passing through Limestone and Danville, Kentucky, he arrived at Louisville in December to visit Gen- eral George Rogers Clark. Fearing that the gen- eral "hath actually been in a profound Slumber of upwards of four Years, without the least Symptoms of Wakefulness whatever," Pope was undoubtedly pleased to find that Clark "immedi- ately recognized me." Pope also commented on the "southern hospitality" of the people of Louisville: "for such is the extreme Hospitality of the People, that unknown to their Guest, they will confer, or rather impose Acts of Benefi- cence, which cannot be refused without Rude- ness." On March 4, 1791, Pope began the longest leg of his journey, leaving Louisville for his trip down the Ohio and Mississippi to New Orleans xvi ridge. Enthralled with Brackenridge's recent marriage to Miss Sabina Wolfe, author Pope wrote a poem to Brackenridge "on his being fairly Noos'd." Pope reports that Brackenridge published the poem in the Pittsburgh Gazette, but unfortunately this journal is not extant for the last six months of 1790. The poem is includ- ed in Pope's Tour and is an example of the type of poetry Pope frequently wrote and included in his work. He is "little noted nor long remem- bered" for his poetry." Colonel Pope departed Pittsburgh in Novem- ber 1790 for the long journey down the Ohio and Mississippi rivers to New Orleans. Passing through Limestone and Danville, Kentucky, he arrived at Louisville in December to visit Gen- eral George Rogers Clark. Fearing that the gen- eral "hath actually been in a profound Slumber of upwards of four Years, without the least Symptoms of Wakefulness whatever," Pope was undoubtedly pleased to find that Clark "immedi- ately recognized me." Pope also commented on the "southern hospitality" of the people of Louisville: "for such is the extreme Hospitality of the People, that unknown to their Guest, they will confer, or rather impose Acts of Benefi- cence, which cannot be refused without Rude- ness." On March 4, 1791, Pope began the longest leg of his journey, leaving Louisville for his trip down the Ohio and Mississippi to New Orleans xvi ridge. Enthralled with Brackenridge's recent marriage to Miss Sabina Wolfe, author Pope wrote a poem to Brackenridge "on his being fairly Noos'd." Pope reports that Brackenridge published the poem in the Pittsburgh Gazette, but unfortunately this journal is not extant for the last six months of 1790. The poem is includ- ed in Pope's Tour and is an example of the type of poetry Pope frequently wrote and included in his work. He is "little noted nor long remem- bered" for his poetry." Colonel Pope departed Pittsburgh in Novem- ber 1790 for the long journey down the Ohio and Mississippi rivers to New Orleans. Passing through Limestone and Danville, Kentucky, he arrived at Louisville in December to visit Gen- eral George Rogers Clark. Fearing that the gen- eral "hath actually been in a profound Slumber of upwards of four Years, without the least Symptoms of Wakefulness whatever," Pope was undoubtedly pleased to find that Clark "immedi- ately recognized me." Pope also commented on the "southern hospitality" of the people of Louisville: "for such is the extreme Hospitality of the People, that unknown to their Guest, they will confer, or rather impose Acts of Benefi- cence, which cannot be refused without Rude- ness." On March 4, 1791, Pope began the longest leg of his journey, leaving Louisville for his trip down the Ohio and Mississippi to New Orleans  xvii and the Gulf of Mexico. Briefly stopping at New Madrid (or Greasy Bend), where he dined with the Spanish commandant Pedro Foucher, Pope proceeded down the Mississippi to Natchez. Be- fore reaching that community, however, his party encountered Louisiana Governor Manuel Gayoso de Lem6s, who entertained him aboard the governor's "barge." Pope speculated that Gayoso's destination was Walnut Hills at the junction of the Yazoo and Mississippi rivers, and he then editorialized in his journal concerning the desire of James O'Fallon of the Yazoo Com- pany to cultivate that region. He added, how- ever, that the recently married O'Fallon, "having pitched his Tent in the Grotto of Miss Clarke, his Ardency, like his Constitution, will turn into downright Frigidity."" Arriving in Natchez on March 27, Pope dallied there a week and recorded some of his most careful observations of his journey. He dined with Carlos de Grand-Pr6, the comman- dant of the Spanish troops at the frontier outpost. Taking his leave of Grand-Pr6 and the citizens of Natchez, Pope continued down river with little to occupy his time except for casual obser- vations about Loftus' Bluffs and Point Coupe and complaints about the "Musquettoes" which "harrassed" his party. Pope was greatly intrigued by New Orleans. Landing there on April 4, he remained nearly six weeks, observing the physical aspects of the xvii and the Gulf of Mexico. Briefly stopping at New Madrid (or Greasy Bend), where he dined with the Spanish commandant Pedro Foucher, Pope proceeded down the Mississippi to Natchez. Be- fore reaching that community, however, his party encountered Louisiana Governor Manuel Gayoso de Lem6s, who entertained him aboard the governor's "barge." Pope speculated that Gayoso's destination was Walnut Hills at the junction of the Yazoo and Mississippi rivers, and he then editorialized in his journal concerning the desire of James O'Fallon of the Yazoo Com- pany to cultivate that region. He added, how- ever, that the recently married O'Fallon, "having pitched his Tent in the Grotto of Miss Clarke, his Ardency, like his Constitution, will turn into downright Frigidity."" Arriving in Natchez on March 27, Pope dallied there a week and recorded some of his most careful observations of his journey. He dined with Carlos de Grand-Pre, the comman- dant of the Spanish troops at the frontier outpost. Taking his leave of Grand-Pr6 and the citizens of Natchez, Pope continued down river with little to occupy his time except for casual obser- vations about Loftus' Bluffs and Point Coupe and complaints about the "Musquettoes" which "harrassed" his party. Pope was greatly intrigued by New Orleans. Landing there on April 4, he remained nearly six weeks, observing the physical aspects of the xvii and the Gulf of Mexico. Briefly stopping at New Madrid (or Greasy Bend), where he dined with the Spanish commandant Pedro Foucher, Pope proceeded down the Mississippi to Natchez. Be- fore reaching that community, however, his party encountered Louisiana Governor Manuel Gayoso de Lemos, who entertained him aboard the governor's "barge." Pope speculated that Gayoso's destination was Walnut Hills at the junction of the Yazoo and Mississippi rivers, and he then editorialized in his journal concerning the desire of James O'Fallon of the Yazoo Com- pany to cultivate that region. He added, how- ever, that the recently married O'Fallon, "having pitched his Tent in the Grotto of Miss Clarke, his Ardency, like his Constitution, will turn into downright Frigidity."'2 Arriving in Natchez on March 27, Pope dallied there a week and recorded some of his most careful observations of his journey. He dined with Carlos de Grand-Pr6, the comman- dant of the Spanish troops at the frontier outpost. Taking his leave of Grand-Pr6 and the citizens of Natchez, Pope continued down river with little to occupy his time except for casual obser- vations about Loftus' Bluffs and Point Coup6e and complaints about the "Musquettoes" which "harrassed" his party. Pope was greatly intrigued by New Orleans. Landing there on April 4, he remained nearly six weeks, observing the physical aspects of the  xviii city, viewing its religious ceremonies, and judg- ing its inhabitants' moral behavior by the stan- dards of Alexander Pope. From New Orleans John Pope traveled to Pensacola-"the Metropo- lis of West Florida." After briefly describing the town, he reported that Governor Arturo O'Neill had informed him that in the eleven years he had lived in Pensacola "he had never experienced a Moments Sickness; and that all the Citizens en- joyed uninterrupted Health." Certainly such a boast-for whatever reason it may have been made--does not square with the facts. Pensacola had in the past and would continue to have prob- lems with sickness, particularly those diseases en- demic to the Gulf Coast, such as yellow fever. Pope does concede that illness was present among one class of residents, the Spanish soldier, "whose Mode of Living, will, at all Times, and in all Places, be productive of complicated Diseases. Inordinate Use of Ardent Spirits and bad Wine, superadded to high seasoned Meats and promis- cuous Intercourse with lewd Women, will dis- order any the most robust Habit of Body." Pope also reported on the activities of the im- portant Indian trading firm, Panton, Leslie and Company, that had its offices in Pensacola. His information concerning Panton's ownership of a salt works on New Providence Island and the general markup of 500 percent is basically ac- curate. In confirming these figures, William S. xviii city, viewing its religious ceremonies, and judg- ing its inhabitants' moral behavior by the stan- dards of Alexander Pope. From New Orleans John Pope traveled to Pensacola-"the Metropo- lis of West Florida." After briefly describing the town, he reported that Governor Arturo O'Neill had informed him that in the eleven years he had lived in Pensacola "he had never experienced a Moments Sickness; and that all the Citizens en- joyed uninterrupted Health." Certainly such a boast-for whatever reason it may have been made-does not square with the facts. Pensacola had in the past and would continue to have prob- lems with sickness, particularly those diseases en- demic to the Gulf Coast, such as yellow fever. Pope does concede that illness was present among one class of residents, the Spanish soldier, "whose Mode of Living, will, at all Times, and in all Places, be productive of complicated Diseases. Inordinate Use of Ardent Spirits and bad Wine, superadded to high seasoned Meats and promis- cuous Intercourse with lewd Women, will dis- order any the most robust Habit of Body." Pope also reported on the activities of the im- portant Indian trading firm, Panton, Leslie and Company, that had its offices in Pensacola. His information concerning Panton's ownership of a salt works on New Providence Island and the general markup of 500 percent is basically ac- curate. In confirming these figures, William S. xviii city, viewing its religious ceremonies, and judg- ing its inhabitants' moral behavior by the stan- dards of Alexander Pope. From New Orleans John Pope traveled to Pensacola-"the Metropo- lis of West Florida." After briefly describing the town, he reported that Governor Arturo O'Neill had informed him that in the eleven years he had lived in Pensacola "he had never experienced a Moments Sickness; and that all the Citizens en- joyed uninterrupted Health." Certainly such a boast-for whatever reason it may have been made-does not square with the facts. Pensacola had in the past and would continue to have prob- lems with sickness, particularly those diseases en- demic to the Gulf Coast, such as yellow fever. Pope does concede that illness was present among one class of residents, the Spanish soldier, "whose Mode of Living, will, at all Times, and in all Places, be productive of complicated Diseases. Inordinate Use of Ardent Spirits and bad Wine, superadded to high seasoned Meats and promis- cuous Intercourse with lewd Women, will dis- order any the most robust Habit of Body." Pope also reported on the activities of the im- portant Indian trading firm, Panton, Leslie and Company, that had its offices in Pensacola. His information concerning Panton's ownership of a salt works on New Providence Island and the general markup of 500 percent is basically ac- curate. In confirming these figures, William S.  xix Coker, editor and project director of "The Papers of Panton, Leslie and Co.," writes: "In general I would have to agree with Pope's com- ments. . . . We know there was a substantial mark up in the prices, but all justified on the grounds of the added cost to the company for getting it to the Indians via traders, etc. and, of course, on the problem involved in getting the skins to London. The risk of skins 'spoiling' or being ruined by worm damage was great, prices on the European market varied greatly, and in- surance, shipping charges, etc. all brought the price of merchandise up considerably. So, 500% may not have been an unreasonable increase in prices."" Pope departed Pensacola after a week, and to- gether with an escort of eleven Indians, he en- tered Indian territory to visit Alexander Mc- Gillivray. Traveling as an "English Ambassador Incog."-a title which he labeled "ludicrous"- Pope arrived at McGillivray's house on the Coo- sa River on June 1, 1791, only to find that Mc- Gillivray was at his "upper Plantation," six miles farther up the river. It is here that the most intriguing part of Pope's trip unfolds. While visiting the Creek chief, whose father had been a Scotsman, Pope engaged in his usual observa- tions and wrote among other things an account of the Indian ball games. Impressed with McGil- livray's abilities, he included in his book two xix Coker, editor and project director of "The Papers of Panton, Leslie and Co.," writes: "In general I would have to agree with Pope's com- ments. . . . We know there was a substantial mark up in the prices, but all justified on the grounds of the added cost to the company for getting it to the Indians via traders, etc. and, of course, on the problem involved in getting the skins to London. The risk of skins 'spoiling' or being ruined by worm damage was great, prices on the European market varied greatly, and in- surance, shipping charges, etc. all brought the price of merchandise up considerably. So, 500% may not have been an unreasonable increase in prices."" Pope departed Pensacola after a week, and to- gether with an escort of eleven Indians, he en- tered Indian territory to visit Alexander Mc- Gillivray. Traveling as an "English Ambassador Incog."-a title which he labeled "ludicrous"- Pope arrived at McGillivray's house on the Coo- sa River on June 1, 1791, only to find that Mc- Gillivray was at his "upper Plantation," six miles farther up the river. It is here that the most intriguing part of Pope's trip unfolds. While visiting the Creek chief, whose father had been a Scotsman, Pope engaged in his usual observa- tions and wrote among other things an account of the Indian ball games. Impressed with McGil- livray's abilities, he included in his book two xix Coker, editor and project director of "The Papers of Panton, Leslie and Co.," writes: "In general I would have to agree with Pope's com- ments. . . . We know there was a substantial mark up in the prices, but all justified on the grounds of the added cost to the company for getting it to the Indians via traders, etc. and, of course, on the problem involved in getting the skins to London. The risk of skins 'spoiling' or being ruined by worm damage was great, prices on the European market varied greatly, and in- surance, shipping charges, etc. all brought the price of merchandise up considerably. So, 500% may not have been an unreasonable increase in prices." Pope departed Pensacola after a week, and to- gether with an escort of eleven Indians, he en- tered Indian territory to visit Alexander Mc- Gillivray. Traveling as an "English Ambassador Incog."-a title which he labeled "ludicrous"- Pope arrived at McGillivray's house on the Coo- sa River on June 1, 1791, only to find that Mc- Gillivray was at his "upper Plantation," six miles farther up the river. It is here that the most intriguing part of Pope's trip unfolds. While visiting the Creek chief, whose father had been a Scotsman, Pope engaged in his usual observa- tions and wrote among other things an account of the Indian ball games. Impressed with McGil- livray's abilities, he included in his book two  xx samples of the chief's writing in the form of hastily written letters which Pope was to deliver when he arrived back in Richmond. The most interesting and intriguing part of Pope's visit with McGillivray, however, does not appear in Pope's published account of his tour. While at McGillivray's house Pope wrote a letter on June 4 to Tairux Wilcox of New Or- leans in which he reported on his stay in Pensa- cola and his visit with the chief. In this letter, which is almost meaningless to the historian be- cause of Pope's careful concealment of its intent, he concluded: "Ambiguity of expression must satisfy you now; as prudence forbids a full eclairecissement of what you are so anxious to know, see and enjoy."" By some unknown cir- cumstance, McGillivray obtained a copy of Pope's letter, and on June 8, he wrote Estevan Mir6 concerning the Virginian's visit and letter to Wilcox. McGillivray reported that he was in- formed that Pope had "sketches and designs" of the forts at Natchez, New Orleans, and Pensa- cola and that Pope had been sent on his trip by "Enrique Clark of Kentucky" to obtain that in- formation. He further added that Clark had been authorized by the state of Virginia to attack Spanish posts on the Mississippi and was prepar- ing for such an adventure before the following spring. Undoubtedly McGillivray was referring to George Rogers Clark, for he mentioned that XX samples of the chief's writing in the form of hastily written letters which Pope was to deliver when he arrived back in Richmond. The most interesting and intriguing part of Pope's visit with McGillivray, however, does not appear in Pope's published account of his tour. While at McGillivray's house Pope wrote a letter on June 4 to Tairux Wilcox of New Or- leans in which he reported on his stay in Pensa- cola and his visit with the chief. In this letter, which is almost meaningless to the historian be- cause of Pope's careful concealment of its intent, he concluded: "Ambiguity of expression must satisfy you now; as prudence forbids a full eclairecissement of what you are so anxious to know, see and enjoy."" By some unknown cir- cumstance, McGillivray obtained a copy of Pope's letter, and on June 8, he wrote Estevan Mir6 concerning the Virginian's visit and letter to Wilcox. McGillivray reported that he was in- formed that Pope had "sketches and designs" of the forts at Natchez, New Orleans, and Pensa- cola and that Pope had been sent on his trip by "Enrique Clark of Kentucky" to obtain that in- formation. He further added that Clark had been authorized by the state of Virginia to attack Spanish posts on the Mississippi and was prepar- ing for such an adventure before the following spring. Undoubtedly McGillivray was referring to George Rogers Clark, for he mentioned that xx samples of the chief's writing in the form of hastily written letters which Pope was to deliver when he arrived back in Richmond. The most interesting and intriguing part of Pope's visit with McGillivray, however, does not appear in Pope's published account of his tour. While at McGillivray's house Pope wrote a letter on June 4 to Tairux Wilcox of New Or- leans in which he reported on his stay in Pensa- cola and his visit with the chief. In this letter, which is almost meaningless to the historian be- cause of Pope's careful concealment of its intent, he concluded: "Ambiguity of expression must satisfy you now; as prudence forbids a full eclairecissement of what you are so anxious to know, see and enjoy."" By some unknown cir- cumstance, McGillivray obtained a copy of Pope's letter, and on June 8, he wrote Estevan Mir6 concerning the Virginian's visit and letter to Wilcox. McGillivray reported that he was in- formed that Pope had "sketches and designs" of the forts at Natchez, New Orleans, and Pensa- cola and that Pope had been sent on his trip by "Enrique Clark of Kentucky" to obtain that in- formation. He further added that Clark had been authorized by the state of Virginia to attack Spanish posts on the Mississippi and was prepar- ing for such an adventure before the following spring. Undoubtedly McGillivray was referring to George Rogers Clark, for he mentioned that  xxi Pope, who had recently visited Clark, had stated that Clark wanted the Indians to remain neutral "in case there should be a sudden attempt against the Spanish posts."" While McGillivray reported that such an at- tack had been rumored for so long "that I did nothing other than laugh,"" clearly he felt the Spanish officials would wish to receive such in- telligence. His expectations were correct, for on July 6, 1791, Mir6 informed McGillivray: "I received the information you gave me upon the famous Pope and will make proper use of it."" Eleven days later, Mir6 sent all of the corre- spondence to Luis de las Casas in Havana with his evaluation: "It [the letter from Pope to Wil- cox] is very confused but I understand that it refers to the projected expedition of O'Fallon which Clark should be leading as he is his father- in-law."" Las Casas replied to Mir6 that as Pope had revealed the American plans, he was not a "true commissioner" but was a "despicable ad- venturer." Should Pope be a Spanish subject in Louisiana, las Casas ordered Mir6 to question him carefully concerning the American plans. If, however, Pope was not a Spanish subject, Mir6 was to reprimand the commanders at Natchez, New Orleans, and Pensacola for carelessly allow- ing a stranger to draw sketches of the posts." Unfortunately, there is nothing to prove or dis- count the reports of espionage, and it must re- xxi Pope, who had recently visited Clark, had stated that Clark wanted the Indians to remain neutral "in case there should be a sudden attempt against the Spanish posts."" While McGillivray reported that such an at- tack had been rumored for so long "that I did nothing other than laugh,"" clearly he felt the Spanish officials would wish to receive such in- telligence. His expectations were correct, for on July 6, 1791, Mir6 informed McGillivray: "I received the information you gave me upon the famous Pope and will make proper use of it."" Eleven days later, Mir6 sent all of the corre- spondence to Luis de las Casas in Havana with his evaluation: "It [the letter from Pope to Wil- cox] is very confused but I understand that it refers to the projected expedition of O'Fallon which Clark should be leading as he is his father- in-law."" Las Casas replied to Mir6 that as Pope had revealed the American plans, he was not a "true commissioner" but was a "despicable ad- venturer." Should Pope be a Spanish subject in Louisiana, las Casas ordered Mir6 to question him carefully concerning the American plans. If, however, Pope was not a Spanish subject, Mir6 was to reprimand the commanders at Natchez, New Orleans, and Pensacola for carelessly allow- ing a stranger to draw sketches of the posts." Unfortunately, there is nothing to prove or dis- count the reports of espionage, and it must re- xxi Pope, who had recently visited Clark, had stated that Clark wanted the Indians to remain neutral "in case there should be a sudden attempt against the Spanish posts."" While McGillivray reported that such an at- tack had been rumored for so long "that I did nothing other than laugh,"" clearly he felt the Spanish officials would wish to receive such in- telligence. His expectations were correct, for on July 6, 1791, Mir6 informed McGillivray: "I received the information you gave me upon the famous Pope and will make proper use of it."" Eleven days later, Mir6 sent all of the corre- spondence to Luis de las Casas in Havana with his evaluation: "It [the letter from Pope to Wil- cox] is very confused but I understand that it refers to the projected expedition of O'Fallon which Clark should be leading as he is his father- in-law."" Las Casas replied to Mir6 that as Pope had revealed the American plans, he was not a "true commissioner" but was a "despicable ad- venturer." Should Pope be a Spanish subject in Louisiana, las Casas ordered Mir6 to question him carefully concerning the American plans. If, however, Pope was not a Spanish subject, Mir6 was to reprimand the commanders at Natchez, New Orleans, and Pensacola for carelessly allow- ing a stranger to draw sketches of the posts." Unfortunately, there is nothing to prove or dis- count the reports of espionage, and it must re-  xxii main merely an intriguing episode in an other- wise mundane trip. While among the Indians, Pope recorded much concerning their lives. Included is an In- dian folk tradition concerning the Giant-King called Billy Pig whose foot could dam the Chat- tahoochee River; a description of their annual corn festival; a discussion of their methods of punishment for adultery, their burial ceremonies, and agricultural methods; and an extraordinary speech by an old "Conjuror" during a period of distress. Pope also included in his published ac- count a list of Indian words and their translations. Finally departing the Creek Nation in late June, Pope spent the next several weeks wander- ing through Georgia.0 Crossing the Flint, Oc- mulgee, and Oconee rivers, and passing through Washington (which he misplaced south of the Ogeechee River), he arrived at Augusta. Pope was pleasantly surprised by the village and pre- dicted its future greatness. He also briefly visited with Georgia Governor Edward Telfair (whom he misnamed William). Proceeding down the Savannah River, Pope stopped briefly at Ebene- zer and passed the "small and almost depopulated Town" of Purisburg before arriving at Savannah. He remained there only three days-mainly visiting Colonel Joseph Habersham and General Lachlan McIntosh-before he took passage on the schooner Thomas, which was bound for xxii main merely an intriguing episode in an other- wise mundane trip. While among the Indians, Pope recorded much concerning their lives. Included is an In- dian folk tradition concerning the Giant-King called Billy Pig whose foot could dam the Chat- tahoochee River; a description of their annual corn festival; a discussion of their methods of punishment for adultery, their burial ceremonies, and agricultural methods; and an extraordinary speech by an old "Conjuror" during a period of distress. Pope also included in his published ac- count a list of Indian words and their translations. Finally departing the Creek Nation in late June, Pope spent the next several weeks wander- ing through Georgia.20 Crossing the Flint, Oc- mulgee, and Oconee rivers, and passing through Washington (which he misplaced south of the Ogeechee River), he arrived at Augusta. Pope was pleasantly surprised by the village and pre- dicted its future greatness. He also briefly visited with Georgia Governor Edward Telfair (whom he misnamed William). Proceeding down the Savannah River, Pope stopped briefly at Ebene- zer and passed the "small and almost depopulated Town" of Purisburg before arriving at Savannah. He remained there only three days-mainly visiting Colonel Joseph Habersham and General Lachlan McIntosh-before he took passage on the schooner Thomas, which was bound for xxii main merely an intriguing episode in an other- wise mundane trip. While among the Indians, Pope recorded much concerning their lives. Included is an In- dian folk tradition concerning the Giant-King called Billy Pig whose foot could dam the Chat- tahoochee River; a description of their annual corn festival; a discussion of their methods of punishment for adultery, their burial ceremonies, and agricultural methods; and an extraordinary speech by an old "Conjuror" during a period of distress. Pope also included in his published ac- count a list of Indian words and their translations. Finally departing the Creek Nation in late June, Pope spent the next several weeks wander- ing through Georgia.20 Crossing the Flint, Oc- mulgee, and Oconee rivers, and passing through Washington (which he misplaced south of the Ogeechee River), he arrived at Augusta. Pope was pleasantly surprised by the village and pre- dicted its future greatness. He also briefly visited with Georgia Governor Edward Telfair (whom he misnamed William). Proceeding down the Savannah River, Pope stopped briefly at Ebene- zer and passed the "small and almost depopulated Town" of Purisburg before arriving at Savannah. He remained there only three days-mainly visiting Colonel Joseph Habersham and General Lachlan McIntosh-before he took passage on the schooner Thomas, which was bound for  xxiii Charleston. On board Pope found himself in the company of Senator Pierce Butler. Although the voyage was brief and quite rough, Pope de- scribed the senator as "a lively conversable Gentleman, possessed of a great Fund of Wit, sound Judgment, and good Breeding."" Upon his arrival in Charleston on August 1, Pope took a room in M'Crady's Hotel (the same hotel in which George Washington stayed dur- ing his visit to Charleston earlier in 1791). Pope found the city's citizens to be "a gay, luxurious People, fond of Dress and pompous Equipage" and the city itself "eclipses all other Cities in the Union and is inferior to only Three in Size, Wealth, Population, Trade and Elegance of Buildings." While in Charleston, Pope visited the local dignitaries, including Colonel William Washington, and managed to mediate success- fully a dispute which threatened to end in a duel. Colonel Pope took the schooner Exchange from Charleston for his last bit of adventure be- fore returning to the more settled regions of the United States. His destination was St. Marys, Georgia, on the river by the same name, but through an error the vessel entered the St. Johns River where the Spanish officials politely but firmly refused permission to land. Finally arriv- ing at St. Marys, Pope found himself with little to do. He and a companion set out to explore xxiii Charleston. On board Pope found himself in the company of Senator Pierce Butler. Although the voyage was brief and quite rough, Pope de- scribed the senator as "a lively conversable Gentleman, possessed of a great Fund of Wit, sound Judgment, and good Breeding."" Upon his arrival in Charleston on August 1, Pope took a room in M'Crady's Hotel (the same hotel in which George Washington stayed dur- ing his visit to Charleston earlier in 1791). Pope found the city's citizens to be "a gay, luxurious People, fond of Dress and pompous Equipage" and the city itself "eclipses all other Cities in the Union and is inferior to only Three in Size, Wealth, Population, Trade and Elegance of Buildings." While in Charleston, Pope visited the local dignitaries, including Colonel William Washington, and managed to mediate success- fully a dispute which threatened to end in a duel. Colonel Pope took the schooner Exchange from Charleston for his last bit of adventure be- fore returning to the more settled regions of the United States. His destination was St. Marys, Georgia, on the river by the same name, but through an error the vessel entered the St. Johns River where the Spanish officials politely but firmly refused permission to land. Finally arriv- ing at St. Marys, Pope found himself with little to do. He and a companion set out to explore xxiii Charleston. On board Pope found himself in the company of Senator Pierce Butler. Although the voyage was brief and quite rough, Pope de- scribed the senator as "a lively conversable Gentleman, possessed of a great Fund of Wit, sound Judgment, and good Breeding."" Upon his arrival in Charleston on August 1, Pope took a room in M'Crady's Hotel (the same hotel in which George Washington stayed dur- ing his visit to Charleston earlier in 1791). Pope found the city's citizens to be "a gay, luxurious People, fond of Dress and pompous Equipage" and the city itself "eclipses all other Cities in the Union and is inferior to only Three in Size, Wealth, Population, Trade and Elegance of Buildings." While in Charleston, Pope visited the local dignitaries, including Colonel William Washington, and managed to mediate success- fully a dispute which threatened to end in a duel. Colonel Pope took the schooner Exchange from Charleston for his last bit of adventure be- fore returning to the more settled regions of the United States. His destination was St. Marys, Georgia, on the river by the same name, but through an error the vessel entered the St. Johns River where the Spanish officials politely but firmly refused permission to land. Finally arriv- ing at St. Marys, Pope found himself with little to do. He and a companion set out to explore  xxiv the interior of East Florida. As they approached the "Neighbourhood of St. Augustine," they re- ceived repeated warnings to return to St. Marys. Although Pope admitted lacking prudence, the crew of his "small keel-bottomed Boat" made the decision for him and returned him and his companion to Georgia. At this point in his narrative, Pope interrupted the flow of his account to present a five-page catalog of "medicinal Plants, Herbs, &c." which he "promised" some unknown being. Finally on September 2, Pope left St. Marys on the Ex- change and arrived in New York thirteen days later after an uneventful trip.22 He remained in New York for two weeks before journeying on by ship to Brunswick, New Jersey, and from there by stage through Princeton and Trenton on his way to Philadelphia. While it is not cer- tain when Pope arrived there, it is clear that he was in Philadelphia on October 5, for on that date he met with Secretary of War Henry Knox and reported on his trip. It is evident from the memorandum that Knox wrote to himself con- cerning the visit that he had never met Colonel Pope, whom he described as "a man of candor and observation."" Pope apparently was equally impressed with Knox for, other than a sixteen- line apology for the type of book he had written, he closed it with "a few Lines of doggrel Verse," xxiv the interior of East Florida. As they approached the "Neighbourhood of St. Augustine," they re- ceived repeated warnings to return to St. Marys. Although Pope admitted lacking prudence, the crew of his "small keel-bottomed Boat" made the decision for him and returned him and his companion to Georgia. At this point in his narrative, Pope interrupted the flow of his account to present a five-page catalog of "medicinal Plants, Herbs, &c." which he "promised" some unknown being. Finally on September 2, Pope left St. Marys on the Ex- change and arrived in New York thirteen days later after an uneventful trip.22 He remained in New York for two weeks before journeying on by ship to Brunswick, New Jersey, and from there by stage through Princeton and Trenton on his way to Philadelphia. While it is not cer- tain when Pope arrived there, it is clear that he was in Philadelphia on October 5, for on that date he met with Secretary of War Henry Knox and reported on his trip. It is evident from the memorandum that Knox wrote to himself con- cerning the visit that he had never met Colonel Pope, whom he described as "a man of candor and observation." Pope apparently was equally impressed with Knox for, other than a sixteen- line apology for the type of book he had written, he closed it with "a few Lines of doggrel Verse," xxiv the interior of East Florida. As they approached the "Neighbourhood of St. Augustine," they re- ceived repeated warnings to return to St. Marys. Although Pope admitted lacking prudence, the crew of his "small keel-bottomed Boat" made the decision for him and returned him and his companion to Georgia. At this point in his narrative, Pope interrupted the flow of his account to present a five-page catalog of "medicinal Plants, Herbs, &c." which he "promised" some unknown being. Finally on September 2, Pope left St. Marys on the Ex- change and arrived in New York thirteen days later after an uneventful trip." He remained in New York for two weeks before journeying on by ship to Brunswick, New Jersey, and from there by stage through Princeton and Trenton on his way to Philadelphia. While it is not cer- tain when Pope arrived there, it is clear that he was in Philadelphia on October 5, for on that date he met with Secretary of War Henry Knox and reported on his trip. It is evident from the memorandum that Knox wrote to himself con- cerning the visit that he had never met Colonel Pope, whom he described as "a man of candor and observation."" Pope apparently was equally impressed with Knox for, other than a sixteen- line apology for the type of book he had written, he closed it with "a few Lines of doggrel Verse,"  xxv dedicated to and concerning Knox, Attorney General Edmund Randolph, and Philadelphia merchant Samuel Pleasants. Although the book does not say so, presum- ably Pope returned to Richmond to write his account of his journey. It was a little over a year before the volume was ready to be offered to the public. John Dixon, who had recently moved from Williamsburg and who was editor of the Virginia Gazette and Public Advertiser, printed the book for Pope and his three children: Alex- ander D. Pope, Lucinda C. Pope, and Anne Pope. The first notice of its publication, how- ever, appeared in James Carey's Virginia Gazette & Richmond Daily Advertiser on November 27, 1792: "The public are hereby notified, that COLOL POPE'S JOURNAL is ready for de- livery to the respective subscribers of this city and its vicinity. Those who reside at a remote distance may expect that care in deliverance, and dispatch in conveyance will be particularly at- tended to by Mr. John Dixon, printer, Rich- mond." The ad was repeated on December 7. It was not until December 29 that Dixon got around to printing an advertisement in his own paper, a notice which he repeated on January 12 and 19, 1793.24 There is nothing in the ad- vertisements to indicate the number of copies of the Tour that were printed or what they cost, xxv dedicated to and concerning Knox, Attorney General Edmund Randolph, and Philadelphia merchant Samuel Pleasants. Although the book does not say so, presum- ably Pope returned to Richmond to write his account of his journey. It was a little over a year before the volume was ready to be offered to the public. John Dixon, who had recently moved from Williamsburg and who was editor of the Virginia Gazette and Public Advertiser, printed the book for Pope and his three children: Alex- ander D. Pope, Lucinda C. Pope, and Anne Pope. The first notice of its publication, how- ever, appeared in James Carey's Virginia Gazette & Richmond Daily Advertiser on November 27, 1792: "The public are hereby notified, that COLOL POPE'S JOURNAL is ready for de- livery to the respective subscribers of this city and its vicinity. Those who reside at a remote distance may expect that care in deliverance, and dispatch in conveyance will be particularly at- tended to by Mr. John Dixon, printer, Rich- mond." The ad was repeated on December 7. It was not until December 29 that Dixon got around to printing an advertisement in his own paper, a notice which he repeated on January 12 and 19, 1793.24 There is nothing in the ad- vertisements to indicate the number of copies of the Tour that were printed or what they cost, xxv dedicated to and concerning Knox, Attorney General Edmund Randolph, and Philadelphia merchant Samuel Pleasants. Although the book does not say so, presum- ably Pope returned to Richmond to write his account of his journey. It was a little over a year before the volume was ready to be offered to the public. John Dixon, who had recently moved from Williamsburg and who was editor of the Virginia Gazette and Public Advertiser, printed the book for Pope and his three children: Alex- ander D. Pope, Lucinda C. Pope, and Anne Pope. The first notice of its publication, how- ever, appeared in James Carey's Virginia Gazette & Richmond Daily Advertiser on November 27, 1792: "The public are hereby notified, that COLOL POPE'S JOURNAL is ready for de- livery to the respective subscribers of this city and its vicinity. Those who reside at a remote distance may expect that care in deliverance, and dispatch in conveyance will be particularly at- tended to by Mr. John Dixon, printer, Rich- mond." The ad was repeated on December 7. It was not until December 29 that Dixon got around to printing an advertisement in his own paper, a notice which he repeated on January 12 and 19, 1793.24 There is nothing in the ad- vertisements to indicate the number of copies of the Tour that were printed or what they cost,  xxvi but certainly Dixon and Pope would both be astounded to find a recent book dealer of "Southern Americana" offering the scarce 1792 edition for the sum of $14,000." One indication of the continuing interest in Pope's travel account is the history of its reprint- ing. While the mere republication of a work is certainly no valid measure of its worth, the work must be of sufficient interest to command the expense involved. The first reprint of Pope's Tour appeared in 1888. Charles L. Woodward, an obscure book dealer variously self-described as a "Book Peddler" and as a "dealer in Rare Books and Pamphlets Relating to America," an- nounced his intention to publish a new printing of the book." He announced that he would furnish copies for two dollars to those who ordered them in advance in order to defray the cost of his own copy. He asserted that there would be none printed beyond those ordered: "probably some few people who will not hear of it until it is too late to secure one will want to buy a copy, but they must not expect to buy mine."" Whether or not Woodward printed only those ordered and how many copies he printed is not known, but in 1888 the "Book Peddler" did reprint the 1792 edition with the addition of an index. The only other reprint edi- tion of Pope's account was a 1971 reprint of the 1792 edition with no editorial additions. xxvi but certainly Dixon and Pope would both be astounded to find a recent book dealer of "Southern Americana" offering the scarce 1792 edition for the sum of $14,000." One indication of the continuing interest in Pope's travel account is the history of its reprint- ing. While the mere republication of a work is certainly no valid measure of its worth, the work must be of sufficient interest to command the expense involved. The first reprint of Pope's Tour appeared in 1888. Charles L. Woodward, an obscure book dealer variously self-described as a "Book Peddler" and as a "dealer in Rare Books and Pamphlets Relating to America," an- nounced his intention to publish a new printing of the book," He announced that he would furnish copies for two dollars to those who ordered them in advance in order to defray the cost of his own copy. He asserted that there would be none printed beyond those ordered: "probably some few people who will not hear of it until it is too late to secure one will want to buy a copy, but they must not expect to buy mine."" Whether or not Woodward printed only those ordered and how many copies he printed is not known, but in 1888 the "Book Peddler" did reprint the 1792 edition with the addition of an index. The only other reprint edi- tion of Pope's account was a 1971 reprint of the 1792 edition with no editorial additions. xxvi but certainly Dixon and Pope would both be astounded to find a recent book dealer of "Southern Americana" offering the scarce 1792 edition for the sum of $14,000." One indication of the continuing interest in Pope's travel account is the history of its reprint- ing. While the mere republication of a work is certainly no valid measure of its worth, the work must be of sufficient interest to command the expense involved. The first reprint of Pope's Tour appeared in 1888. Charles L. Woodward, an obscure book dealer variously self-described as a "Book Peddler" and as a "dealer in Rare Books and Pamphlets Relating to America," an- nounced his intention to publish a new printing of the book." He announced that he would furnish copies for two dollars to those who ordered them in advance in order to defray the cost of his own copy. He asserted that there would be none printed beyond those ordered: "probably some few people who will not hear of it until it is too late to secure one will want to buy a copy, but they must not expect to buy mine."" Whether or not Woodward printed only those ordered and how many copies he printed is not known, but in 1888 the "Book Peddler" did reprint the 1792 edition with the addition of an index. The only other reprint edi- tion of Pope's account was a 1971 reprint of the 1792 edition with no editorial additions.  XXvii Colonel John Pope's claim on the title page that the book will be of interest to everyone is obviously an overstatement. That it is a book of merit worth the attention of serious scholars of the late-eighteenth-century South is apparent. Pope's evaluation of the settlements he visited, of individuals with whom he talked, of the In- dian tribes he observed, are all a part of the American tradition of personal travel accounts that must be consulted when trying to obtain an "accurate" picture of a subjective topic-the cul- ture and society of the antebellum South. Pope's book has left its mark on America's heritage; unfortunately, the same cannot be said for the author, who vanished more rapidly than he ap- peared on the pages of American history. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS. While acknowledgments in a book of this nature may be unusual, because of the number of institutions that have attempted to help me track down the elusive Pope, I feel it incumbent upon me to express my gratitude to those depositories I visited, I am deeply indebted to the following institutions for their assistance and patience in opening their holdings to me: the Archives Division of the Virginia State Library, the Virginia Historical Society, the Historical Society of Pennsylvania, the National Ar- chives (Atlanta branch), the Georgia Historical Society, the South Carolina Historical Society, the Charleston Li- brary Society, the South Caroliniana Library of the Uni- versity of South Carolina, the Southern Collection of the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, and the li- xxvii Colonel John Pope's claim on the title page that the book will be of interest to everyone is obviously an overstatement. That it is a book of merit worth the attention of serious scholars of the late-eighteenth-century South is apparent. Pope's evaluation of the settlements he visited, of individuals with whom he talked, of the In- dian tribes he observed, are all a part of the American tradition of personal travel accounts that must be consulted when trying to obtain an "accurate" picture of a subjective topic-the cul- ture and society of the antebellum South. Pope's book has left its mark on America's heritage; unfortunately, the same cannot be said for the author, who vanished more rapidly than he ap- peared on the pages of American history. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS. While acknowledgments in a book of this nature may be unusual, because of the number of institutions that have attempted to help me track down the elusive Pope, I feel it incumbent upon me to express my gratitude to those depositories I visited. I am deeply indebted to the following institutions for their assistance and patience in opening their holdings to me: the Archives Division of the Virginia State Library, the Virginia Historical Society, the Historical Society of Pennsylvania, the National Ar- chives (Atlanta branch), the Georgia Historical Society, the South Carolina Historical Society, the Charleston Li- brary Society, the South Caroliniana Library of the Uni- versity of South Carolina, the Southern Collection of the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, and the li- XXvii Colonel John Pope's claim on the title page that the book will be of interest to everyone is obviously an overstatement. That it is a book of merit worth the attention of serious scholars of the late-eighteenth-century South is apparent. Pope's evaluation of the settlements he visited, of individuals with whom he talked, of the In- dian tribes he observed, are all a part of the American tradition of personal travel accounts that must be consulted when trying to obtain an "accurate" picture of a subjective topic-the cul- ture and society of the antebellum South. Pope's book has left its mark on America's heritage; unfortunately, the same cannot be said for the author, who vanished more rapidly than he ap- peared on the pages of American history. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS. While acknowledgments in a book of this nature may be unusual, because of the number of institutions that have attempted to help me track down the elusive Pope, I feel it incumbent upon me to express my gratitude to those depositories I visited, I am deeply indebted to the following institutions for their assistance and patience in opening their holdings to me: the Archives Division of the Virginia State Library, the Virginia Historical Society, the Historical Society of Pennsylvania, the National Ar- chives (Atlanta branch), the Georgia Historical Society, the South Carolina Historical Society, the Charleston Li- brary Society, the South Caroliniana Library of the Uni- versity of South Carolina, the Southern Collection of the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, and the li-  xxviii braries of Louisiana State University, University of West Florida, Troy State University, Florida State University, University of Georgia, and Duke University. To the thirty-five or forty other institutions and individuals with whom I corresponded concerning Pope, I also wish to express my deepest appreciation. The Troy State University Research Committee also provided funds which helped to defray the expenses in- volved in searching for Colonel John Pope. University Presses of Florida wishes to express its ap- preciation to the Tracy W. McGregor Library of the University of Virginia for its assistance in the publication of this volume. NOTES. 1. John Pope, A Tour through the Southern and West- ern Territories of the United States of North-America .. . (Richmond, 1792), p. 19. 2. Thomas D. Clark, ed., Travels in the Old South: A Bibliography (Norman, 1956), 2:53; Samuel Cole Williams, ed., Early Travels in the Tennessee Country, 1540-1800 (Johnson City, 1928), p. 317; Letter from John Melville Jennings, Director, Virginia Historical Society, Decem- ber 21, 1976. 3. See John H. Gwathmey, Historical Register of Vir- ginians in the Revolution (Richmond, 1938), p. 632; Louis A. Burgess, comp. and ed., Virginia Soldiers in 1776 (Rich- mond, 1927), pp. 383-84. 4. Lenora Higginbotham Sweeny, Amherst County, Virginia in the Revolution (Lynchburg, 1951), pp. 35, 37, 38, 89, 97, 107, 127-28, 129, 131-33, 148, 154, 156, 163-64, 170. 5. Heads of Families at the First Census of the United States Taken in the Year 1790: Records of the State Enu- merations: 1782-1785: Virginia (Baltimore, 1966), pp. 47, 84. 6. Amherst County Order Book, 1782-1784, Archives Division, Virginia State Library. 7. Amherst County Personal Property Books, 1782-1789, and Amherst County Land Tax Books, 1781-1792, Ar- xxviil braries of Louisiana State University, University of West Florida, Troy State University, Florida State University, University of Georgia, and Duke University. To the thirty-five or forty other institutions and individuals with whom I corresponded concerning Pope, I also wish to express my deepest appreciation. The Troy State University Research Committee also provided funds which helped to defray the expenses in- volved in searching for Colonel John Pope. University Presses of Florida wishes to express its ap- preciation to the Tracy W. McGregor Library of the University of Virginia for its assistance in the publication of this volume. NOTES. 1. John Pope, A Tour through the Southern and West- ern Territories of the United States of North-America ... (Richmond, 1792), p. 19. 2. Thomas D. Clark, ed., Travels in the Old South: A Bibliography (Norman, 1956), 2:53; Samuel Cole Williams, ed., Early Travels in the Tennessee Country, 1540-1800 (Johnson City, 1928), p. 317; Letter from John Melville Jennings, Director, Virginia Historical Society, Decem- ber 21, 1976. 3. See John H. Gwathmey, Historical Register of Vir- ginians in the Revolution (Richmond, 1938), p. 632; Louis A. Burgess, comp. and ed., Virginia Soldiers in 1776 (Rich- mond, 1927), pp. 383-84. 4. Lenora Higginbotham Sweeny, Amherst County, Virginia in the Revolution (Lynchburg, 1951), pp. 35, 37, 38, 89, 97, 107, 127-28, 129, 131-33, 148, 154, 156, 163-64, 170. 5. Heads of Families at the First Census of the United States Taken in the Year 1790: Records of the State Enu- merations: 1782-1785: Virginia (Baltimore, 1966), pp. 47, 84. 6. Amherst County Order Book, 1782-1784, Archives Division, Virginia State Library. 7. Amherst County Personal Property Books, 1782-1789, and Amherst County Land Tax Books, 1781-1792, Ar- xxviii braries of Louisiana State University, University of West Florida, Troy State University, Florida State University, University of Georgia, and Duke University. To the thirty-five or forty other institutions and individuals with whom I corresponded concerning Pope, I also wish to express my deepest appreciation. The Troy State University Research Committee also provided funds which helped to defray the expenses in- volved in searching for Colonel John Pope. University Presses of Florida wishes to express its ap- preciation to the Tracy W. McGregor Library of the University of Virginia for its assistance in the publication of this volume. NOTES. 1. John Pope, A Tour through the Southern and West- ern Territories of the United States of North-America ... (Richmond, 1792), p. 19. 2. Thomas D. Clark, ed., Travels in the Old South: A Bibliography (Norman, 1956), 2:53; Samuel Cole Williams, ed., Early Travels in the Tennessee Country, 1540-1800 (Johnson City, 1928), p. 317; Letter from John Melville Jennings, Director, Virginia Historical Society, Decem- ber 21, 1976. 3. See John H. Gwathmey, Historical Register of Vir- ginians in the Revolution (Richmond, 1938), p. 632; Louis A. Burgess, comp, and ed., Virginia Soldiers in 1776 (Rich- mond, 1927), pp. 383-84. 4. Lenora Higginbotham Sweeny, Amherst County, Virginia in the Revolution (Lynchburg, 1951), pp. 35, 37, 38, 89, 97, 107, 127-28, 129, 131-33, 148, 154, 156, 163-64, 170. 5. Heads of Families at the First Census of the United States Taken in the Year 1790: Records of the State Enu- merations: 17B2-1785: Virginia (Baltimore, 1966), pp. 47, 84. 6. Amherst County Order Book, 1782-1784, Archives Division, Virginia State Library. 7. Amherst County Personal Property Books, 1782-1789, and Amherst County Land Tax Books, 1781-1792, Ar-  xxix chives Division, Virginia State Library. It is not clear why Pope is listed in the latter source as the owner of the land for tax purposes while the same book shows the sale to Duval. 8. Richmond County Land Tax Books, 1785-1810, and Richmond County Personal Property Books, 1785-1812, Archives Division, Virginia State Library. 9. Memorandum, Oct. 5, 1791, Henry Knox Papers, 28:137. Microfilm, The Florida State University (hereafter cited as Knox Papers). 10. Samuel Guyton McLendon, History of the Public Domain of Georgia (Atlanta, 1924), pp. 35-36; Robert Douthat Meade, Patrick Henry: Practical Revolutionary (Philadelphia, 1969), pp. 422-23; William Wirt Henry, Patrick Henry; Life, Correspondence and Speeches (New York, 1891), pp. 507-8, 511-12. The Virginia Yazoo Com- pany never received the land granted to it by the Georgia legislature. Despite Henry's charges of "Deception' and years of efforts, the company never obtained compensa- tion for its efforts. 11. Pope, Tour, pp. 14-17. The Pennsylvania Mercury for September 4, 1790, reports on Brackenridge's marriage: -Married- Hugh H. Brackenridge, Esq. to Miss Sabina Wolf, a young girl of obscure German parents, on the waters of the Ohio; and has brought her to this city IPhiladelphial to spend the ensuing winter, and receive the advantage of some education. 'Tis easy to admire the flower With which the gard'ner decked his bow'r; Because, it must be excellent or rare, Before his judgement could have plac'd it there: But not so easy, in a wood or vale, The virtues of a plant or flower to tell- Discern its proper class-pronounce its name- Select it thence, without least fear or blame, And say it has a right to better place and fame. See also Hugh Henry Brackenridge, Modern Chivalry, ed. Lewis Leary (New Haven, 1965), pp. 12-13; Daniel Mar- der, Hugh Henry Brackenridge (New York, 1967), pp. 48-49. XXiX chives Division, Virginia State Library. It is not clear why Pope is listed in the latter source as the owner of the land for tax purposes while the same book shows the sale to Duval. 8. Richmond County Land Tax Books, 1785-1810, and Richmond County Personal Property Books, 1785-1812, Archives Division, Virginia State Library. 9. Memorandum, Oct. 5, 1791, Henry Knox Papers, 28:137. Microfilm, The Florida State University (hereafter cited as Knox Papers). 10. Samuel Guyton McLendon, History of the Public Domain of Georgia (Atlanta, 1924), pp. 35-36; Robert Douthat Meade, Patrick Henry: Practical Revolutionary (Philadelphia, 1969), pp. 422-23; William Wirt Henry, Patrick Henry; Life, Correspondence and Speeches (New York, 1891), pp. 507-8, 511-12. The Virginia Yazoo Com- pany never received the land granted to it by the Georgia legislature. Despite Henry's charges of "Deception" and years of efforts, the company never obtained compensa- tion for its efforts. 11. Pope, Tour, pp. 14-17. The Pennsylvania Mercury for September 4, 1790, reports on Brackenridge's marriage: -Married- Hugh H. Brackenridge, Esq. to Miss Sabina Wolf, a young girl of obscure German parents, on the waters of the Ohio; and has brought her to this city [Philadelphia] to spend the ensuing winter, and receive the advantage of some education. 'Tis easy to admire the flower With which the gard'ner decked his bow'r; Because, it must be excellent or rare, Before his judgement could have plac'd it there: But not so easy, in a wood or vale, The virtues of a plant or flower to tell- Discern its proper class-pronounce its name- Select it thence, without least fear or blame, And say it has a right to better place and fame. See also Hugh Henry Brackenridge, Modern Chivalry, ed. Lewis Leary (New Haven, 1965), pp. 12-13; Daniel Mar- der, Hugh Henry Brackenridge (New York, 1967), pp. 48-49. XXIX chives Division, Virginia State Library. It is not clear why Pope is listed in the latter source as the owner of the land for tax purposes while the same book shows the sale to Duval. 8. Richmond County Land Tax Books, 1785-1810, and Richmond County Personal Property Books, 1785-1812, Archives Division, Virginia State Library. 9. Memorandum, Oct. 5, 1791, Henry Knox Papers, 28:137. Microfilm, The Florida State University (hereafter cited as Knox Papers). 10. Samuel Guyton McLendon, History of the Public Domain of Georgia (Atlanta, 1924), pp. 35-36; Robert Douthat Meade, Patrick Henry: Practical Revolutionary (Philadelphia, 1969), pp. 422-23; William Wirt Henry, Patrick Henry; Life, Correspondence and Speeches (New York, 1891), pp. 507-8, 511-12. The Virginia Yazoo Com- pany never received the land granted to it by the Georgia legislature. Despite Henry's charges of "Deception" and years of efforts, the company never obtained compensa- tion for its efforts. 11. Pope, Tour, pp. 14-17. The Pennsylvania Mercury for September 4, 1790, reports on Brackenridge's marriage: -Married- Hugh H. Brackenridge, Esq. to Miss Sabina Wolf, a young girl of obscure German parents, on the waters of the Ohio; and has brought her to this city [Philadelphial to spend the ensuing winter, and receive the advantage of some education. 'Tis easy to admire the flower With which the gard'ner decked his bow'r; Because, it must be excellent or rare, Before his judgement could have plac'd it there: But not so easy, in a wood or vale, The virtues of a plant or flower to tell- Discern its proper class-pronounce its name- Select it thence, without least fear or blame, And say it has a right to better place and fame. See also Hugh Henry Brackenridge, Modern Chivalry, ed. Lewis Leary (New Haven, 1965), pp. 12-13; Daniel Mar- der, Hugh Henry Brackenridge (New York, 1967), pp. 48-49.  XXX 12. "Miss Clarke" is Francis Eleanor Clark, the sister of George Rogers Clark. Describing Miss Clark, O'Fallon writes: "I seen her by accident-, and married her in a fortnight afterwards. Veni, vidi, et vici: I am very happy. The Girl is young, amiable, and beautiful": O'Fallon to Henry Osborne, May 22, 1791, James O'Fallon Papers, 1791, Georgia Historical Society. For a biography of Gayoso, see Jack D. L. Holmes, Gayoso: The Life of a Spanish Governor in the Mississippi Valley, 1789-1799 (Gloucester, 1968). 13. Letter from William S. Coker, July 26, 1977. 14. J. Pope to Tairux Wilcox, June 4, 1791, AGI, PC, leg. 2371; a Spanish translation is in AGS, leg. 6928. A copy of this letter is also in Lawrence Kinnaird, ed., Spain in the Mississippi Valley, 1765-1794 (Washington, 1949), 3:411-12. 15. McGillivray to Mir6, June 8, 1791, AGS, leg. 6928. 16. Ibid. 17. Mir6 to McGillivray, July 6, 1791, ibid. 18. Mir6 to las Casas, July 17, 1791, ibid. 19. Las Casas to Mir6, Aug. 12, 1791, ibid. Copies of all this correspondence concerning the alleged espionage are also located in AGI, SD, leg. 2556 (microfilm copies lo- cated at Loyola University, New Orleans). 20. Pope later reported to Henry Knox that he stayed with McGillivray seven days and in the Creek Nation seven weeks. Memorandum, Oct. 5, 1791, Knox Papers, 28:137. 21. The sailing and arrival of the Thomas, with "Ross" as captain, is confirmed by the Georgia Gazette (Savan- nah), Aug. 4, 1791, and the City Gazette (Charleston), Aug. 2, 1791. 22. While Pope does not mention the specific date of his departure from St. Marys, the date of his arrival in New York, or the ship on which he was traveling, it is safe to assume that he was still aboard the Exchange with "Baine" as captain. He mentioned that he arrived after thirteen days' passage, and on September 15, 1791, the Exchange schooner arrived in New York from Charleston with "Bean" as captain. The Federal Gazette and Philadelphia Daily Advertiser, Sept. 16, 1791; Pennsylvania Mercury, and General Advertiser (Philadelphia), Sept. 20, 1791. XXX 12. "Miss Clarke" is Francis Eleanor Clark, the sister of George Rogers Clark. Describing Miss Clark, O'Fallon writes: "I seen her by accident-, and married her in a fortnight afterwards. Veni, vidi, et vici: I am very happy. The Girl is young, amiable, and beautiful": O'Fallon to Henry Osborne, May 22, 1791, James O'Fallon Papers, 1791, Georgia Historical Society. For a biography of Gayoso, see Jack D. L. Holmes, Gayoso: The Life of a Spanish Governor in the Mississippi Valley, 1789-1799 (Gloucester, 1968). 13. Letter from William S. Coker, July 26, 1977. 14. J. Pope to Tairux Wilcox, June 4, 1791, AGI, PC, leg. 2371; a Spanish translation is in AGS, leg. 6928. A copy of this letter is also in Lawrence Kinnaird, ed., Spain in the Mississippi Valley, 1765-1794 (Washington, 1949), 3:411-12. 15. McGillivray to Mir6, June 8, 1791, AGS, leg. 6928. 16. Ibid. 17. Mir6 to McGillivray, July 6, 1791, ibid. 18. Mird to las Casas, July 17, 1791, ibid. 19. Las Casas to Mir6, Aug. 12, 1791, ibid. Copies of all this correspondence concerning the alleged espionage are also located in AGI, SD, leg. 2556 (microfilm copies lo- cated at Loyola University, New Orleans). 20. Pope later reported to Henry Knox that he stayed with McGillivray seven days and in the Creek Nation seven weeks. Memorandum, Oct. 5, 1791, Knox Papers, 28:137. 21. The sailing and arrival of the Thomas, with "Ross" as captain, is confirmed by the Georgia Gazette (Savan- nah), Aug. 4, 1791, and the City Gazette (Charleston), Aug. 2, 1791. 22. While Pope does not mention the specific date of his departure from St. Marys, the date of his arrival in New York, or the ship on which he was traveling, it is safe to assume that he was still aboard the Exchange with "Baine" as captain. He mentioned that he arrived after thirteen days' passage, and on September 15, 1791, the Exchange schooner arrived in New York from Charleston with "Bean" as captain. The Federal Gazette and Philadelphia Daily Advertiser, Sept. 16, 1791; Pennsylvania Mercury, and General Advertiser (Philadelphia), Sept. 20, 1791. 12. "Miss Clarke" is Francis Eleanor Clark, the sister of George Rogers Clark. Describing Miss Clark, O'Fallon writes: "I seen her by accident-, and married her in a fortnight afterwards. Veni, vidi, et vici: I am very happy. The Girl is young, amiable, and beautiful": O'Fallon to Henry Osborne, May 22, 1791, James O'Fallon Papers, 1791, Georgia Historical Society. For a biography of Gayoso, see Jack D. L. Holmes, Gayoso: The Life of a Spanish Governor in the Mississippi Valley, 1789-1799 (Gloucester, 1968). 13. Letter from William S. Coker, July 26, 1977. 14. J. Pope to Tairux Wilcox, June 4, 1791, AGI, PC, leg. 2371; a Spanish translation is in AGS, leg. 6928. A copy of this letter is also in Lawrence Kinnaird, ed., Spain in the Mississippi Valley, 1765-1794 (Washington, 1949), 3:411-12. 15. McGillivray to Mir6, June 8, 1791, AGS, leg. 6928. 16. Ibid. 17. Mir6 to McGillivray, July 6, 1791, ibid. 18. Mir6 to las Casas, July 17, 1791, ibid. 19. Las Casas to Mir6, Aug. 12, 1791, ibid. Copies of all this correspondence concerning the alleged espionage are also located in AGI, SD, leg. 2556 (microfilm copies lo- cated at Loyola University, New Orleans). 20. Pope later reported to Henry Knox that he stayed with McGillivray seven days and in the Creek Nation seven weeks. Memorandum, Oct. 5, 1791, Knox Papers, 28:137. 21. The sailing and arrival of the Thomas, with "Ross" as captain, is confirmed by the Georgia Gazette (Savan- nah), Aug. 4, 1791, and the City Gazette (Charleston), Aug. 2, 1791. 22. While Pope does not mention the specific date of his departure from St. Marys, the date of his arrival in New York, or the ship on which he was traveling, it is safe to assume that he was still aboard the Exchange with "Baine" as captain. He mentioned that he arrived after thirteen days' passage, and on September 15, 1791, the Exchange schooner arrived in New York from Charleston with "Bean" as captain. The Federal Gazette and Philadelphia Daily Advertiser, Sept. 16, 1791; Pennsylvania Mercury, and General Advertiser (Philadelphia), Sept. 20, 1791.  xxxi 23. Memorandum, Oct. 5, 1791, Knox Papers, 28:137. 24. On Feb. 9, 1793, Dixon ran a notice in his paper that "On or before 10th day of March will be submitted to the inspection of the Public, A POEM entitled the DE- CEMVIRI, by John Pope." I have, however, been unable to locate a copy of this poem-if it was ever printed. Vir- ginia Gazette and Public Advertiser, Feb. 9, 16, 1793. 25. Flier from Broadfoot's Bookmark, Wendell, N.C., June 1977. 26. Letter from The New York Public Library, Manu- scripts and Archives Division, March 29, 1977. 27. Advertisement in Catalogues Issued by Chas. L. Woodward; no. 1-45, 1876-1896; original in New York Public Library. xxxi 23. Memorandum, Oct. 5, 1791, Knox Papers, 28:137. 24. On Feb. 9, 1793, Dixon ran a notice in his paper that "On or before 10th day of March will be submitted to the inspection of the Public, A POEM entitled the DE- CEMVIRI, by John Pope." I have, however, been unable to locate a copy of this poem-if it was ever printed. Vir- ginia Gazette and Public Advertiser, Feb. 9, 16, 1793. 25. Flier from Broadfoot's Bookmark, Wendell, N.C., June 1977. 26. Letter from The New York Public Library, Manu- scripts and Archives Division, March 29, 1977. 27. Advertisement in Catalogues Issued by Chas. L. Woodward; no. 1-45, 1876-1896; original in New York Public Library. xxxi 23. Memorandum, Oct. 5, 1791, Knox Papers, 28:137. 24. On Feb. 9, 1793, Dixon ran a notice in his paper that "On or before 10th day of March will be submitted to the inspection of the Public, A POEM entitled the DE- CEMVIRI, by John Pope." I have, however, been unable to locate a copy of this poem-if it was ever printed. Vir- ginia Gazette and Public Advertiser, Feb. 9, 16, 1793. 25. Flier from Broadfoot's Bookmark, Wendell, N.C., June 1977. 26. Letter from The New York Public Library, Manu- scripts and Archives Division, March 29, 1977. 27. Advertisement in Catalogues Issued by Chas. L Woodward; no. 1-45, 1876-1896; original in New York Public Library.   A T OU R THROUGH THE SOUTHERN AND WESTERN TERRITORIES OF THlE UNITED STATES NORTH- AMERICA; SPANISH DOMINIONS ON THE RIVER MISSISSIPPI, F N L THRIE AS THE COUNTRIES OF THE CREEK NATIONS; UNINHABITED PARTS. By )OHN POPE. IULTORUM. PAUCORUNI, PLUEIUSI, OMNIU M, INTERE. RICHMOND: PRINTED BY 7011 N DIXON. RE THE AUTrIDOR AND HIS THREE CHILDREN, ALEXANDER D. POPE, LUCINDA C. POPE, AND ANNE POPE. NI,DC C,X C IE. A T OU R THROUGH THE SOUTHERN AND WESTERN TERRITORIES UNITED STATES NORTH -AMERICA; THE SPANISH DOMINIONS ON THE RIVER MISSISSIPPI, F L R IDA 5; TEE COUNTRIES OF THE CREEK NATIONS; UNINHABITED PARTS. By )OHN POPE. MULTOREM. PAUCORUM, PLURIUNI, EMNISUM. INTERES.;' RICHMOND: PRINTED BY yOHN DIXON. ?OR THlE AUTHIOR AND MIS TEE CHILDREN, ALEXANDER D. PCPE, LUCINDA C. POPE, AND ANNE POPE. SI, CC, C II. A T OU R THROUGH TH SOUTHERN AND WESTERN TERRITORIES OF THlE UNITED STATES OP NORTH- AMERICA; THE SPANISH DOMINIONS ON THE RIVER MISSISSIPPI, AND THlE FLORIDAS; THE COUNTRIES O1 TSR CREEK NATIONS; AND MANY UNINHABITED PARTS. By )JOHN POPE. MULTORUIS PAUCORU., PLUEIUSI, EMNIUM. INTEREST. RICHMOND: PRINTED BY JOHN DIXON. #01 THlE AUTHOR AND HIS THEE CHILD REN, ALEXANDER D. POPE, LUCINDA C. POPE, AND ANNE POPE. M,DC C,XC Ii.   a TO T H E TO HETO T H E T H TO T H E P UBL I C. P UBL I C ' P UBL I C. EVERY Man -who commits his Sen- timents to public C'ritici fin, WLhe- ther his Motive be Honor, Intereft, or other Confideration, wvill be itppo fed to hope for Public 'Patronage, or Ap- planc. But the Man who faol//er- vily condeflend to obtain Succefs; who /ball by debafing him felfi attempt to elevate or exalt another, de/erves not privaste Regard or Public Favor. The Author of the following Sheets, isjitrongly impreffed with the/c Senti- ments, and altlo lie/feels as all Au- thors mull do, zvho commit them/elves A 2 to EVERY' Marn who commits his Sen- timents to public Criticiin, wvhe- thzer his Motive be Honor, Intereft, or other Confideration, -will be iuppo fed to hope for Public 'Patronage, or Ap- plat /c. But the MCan who fhall fer- vily condefsend to obtain Succefs; who (ball by debaing himf flf, attempt to elevate or exalt another, de/erves not priv'ate Regard or Public Favor. The Author of the following Sheets, is ftrongly impreffied with the/c Senti- ments, and altho~' he feels as all Au- thors mnuf? do, who commit them/elves A2to EVERY' Mana who commits his Sen- timents to public Criticiin, wuhe- thzer his Motive be Honor, Interefi, or other Confideration, will be itppo fed to hope for Public 'Patronage, or Ap- plan/ce. But the Man who (ballifer- vily condeftend to obtain Succefs; who ball by debaing himfe If, attempt to elevate or exalt another, deferves not private Regard or Public Favor. The Author of/the following Sheets, is Jirongly impreffed with the/a Senti- ments, and althu, he/feels as all Au- thors mnull do, zvho commit them/elves A.2 to  DEDICA TION. iv. to the World: Altho' he knows many great and reffectable Men, whofe Friend/hiA would pileafe him, and whofe Patronage would do him Ho- nor; he prefers to obtain their Af- fentation to his Labors, as the volun- tary Effufions of their own Hearts, than as the Tribute to his Flattery or Solicitation. Thus thinking, none will blame, thus acting, all will app laud, who are admirers of the native Inde- pendancy, which is the Birth-right of Man.- Inaccuracies will, in this Work, probably obtain, but let the Rea- der reftect, that it is the genuine Offsring of pofitive Obfervation, taken fometimes on Horfeback, fome- times on a Stump, but always in Hafte, amidft the Hurly Burly of un- informed and generally Indian Com- panions. A TO U R, DEDICA TION. iv. to the World: Altho' he knows many great and reffieilable Men, whofe Friend/hi would pileafe him, and whofe Patronage would do him Ho- nor; he prefers to obtain their Af- fentation to his Labors, as the volun- tary Effufions of their own Hearts, than as the Tribute to his Flattery or Solicitation. Thus thinking, none will blame, thus aiting, all will appflaud, who are admirers of the native Inde- pendancy, which is the Birth-right of Man.- Inaccuracies will, in this Work, probably obtain, but let the Rea- der refel, that it is the genuine Offspring of pofitive Obfervation, taken fometimes on Horfeback, fome- times on a Stump, but always in Hafte, amidi the Hurly Burly of un- informed and generally Indian Com- panions. A TO U R, DEDICA TION. iv. to the World: Alho' he knows many great and reffeclable Men, whofe Friendfh@ would pleafe him, and whofe Patronage would do him Ho- nor; he prefers to obtain their Af- fentation" to his Labors, as the volun- tary Effufons of their own Hearts, than as the Tribute to his Flattery or Solicitation. Thus thinking, none will blame, thus ailing, all will applaud, who are admirers of the native Inde- pendancy, which is the Birth-right of Man. Inaccuracies will, in this Work, probably obtain, but let the Rea- der reflelt, that it is the genuine Offspring of pofitive Obfervation, taken fometimes on Horfeback, fome- times on a Stump, but always in Hafe, amidfl the Hurly Burly of un- informed and generally Indian Com- panions. A T O U R,  A A A T O U R, &c. ON the firft Day of June, 1790, I took my Departure from the City of Rich- mond, with an Intention of vifiting the Wef- tern Regions of Kentuckey, and exploring the Spanifh Dominions of Loui/iana and the two Floridas; as alfo the Territories of the Creek Nation, now under the Governance of Alex- ander M'Gillivray, Efq; who from the con- current Approbation which he hath merited and received from the whole Nation, may, with Propriety, be faid to hold imperial Pow- er, having many Kings and Princes fubordi- nate to him. How far I have fucceeded in the Explora- tion of thofe Countries, the Reader will de- termine from a candid Perufal of my Jour- nal. June roth. Contraded a violent Rheu- matifm from wetting my Feet, in an Attempt to crofs the Rapedan, which retarded my Pro- A 3 grefs TO U R, &c. O N the firft Day of June, 1790, I took my Departure from the City of Rich- mond, with an Intention of vifiting the Wef- tern Regions of Kentuckey, and exploring the Spanifh Dominions of Louifiana and the two Floridas; as alfo the Territories of the Creek Nation, now under the Governance of Alex- ander M'Gillivray, Efq ; who from the con- current Approbation which he hath merited and received from the whole Nation, may, with Propriety, be faid to hold imperial Pow- er, having many Kings and Princes fubordi- nate to him. How far I have fucceeded in the Explora- tion of thofe Countries, the Reader will de- termine from a candid Perufal of my Jour- nal. June roth. Contraded a violent Rheu- matifm from wetting my Feet, in an Attempt to crofs the Rapedan, which retarded my Pro- A 3 grefs TO U R, &c. ON the firft Day of June, 1790, I took my Departure from the City of Rich- mond, with an Intention of vifiting the Wef- tern Regions of Kentuckey, and exploring the Spanafh Dominions of Louifiana and the two Floridas; as alfo the Territories of the Creek Nation, now under the Governance of Alex- ander M'Gillivray, Efq; who from the con- current Approbation which he hath merited and received from the whole Nation, may, with Propriety, be faid to hold imperial Pow- er, having many Kings and Princes fubordi- nate to him. How far I have fucceeded in the Explora- tion of thofe Countries, the Reader will de- termine from a candid Perufal of my Jour- nal. June loth. Contraded a violent Rheu- matifm from wetting my Feet, in an Attempt to crofs the Rapedan, which retarded my Pro- A 3 grefs  ( 6 ) grefs for about eight Weeks in the County of Culpeper; where the Humanity and Politenefs of Col. John Thornton and his Lady mitigated my Diftrefs, and ultimately reftored me to my priftine Health and Vigour. This Gentle- man, as well as his Brother William, poffeffes a rare mechanical Genius, and to which he hath fuperadded a praical Knowledge in Me- dicine and Surgery; the Advantages of which, his poor Neighbours often experience with Tears of Gratitude. Some Years fence, the Affembly of Virgi- nia voted a Premium to Mr. John Hobdy, for his Invention of a Machine, which he fub. mitted to their Infpedion, well calculated for the Purpofes of beating out Wheat and other fmall Grain. Col. William hath improved upon Hobdy's Invention by conftru&ing a Wa- ter-Mill, which without the Aid of animal Exertion, fhatters out and prepares more fmall Grain of any Kind in one Day, than Hobdy's can in one Week. With this Mill alone, he fpeedily prepares his Flax and Hemp for Mar- ket or the Diftaff. It is a Model well worth the Attention of every opulent Farmer, or of thofe who raife large Crops of Flax and Hemp. Auguwf ( 6 ) grefs for about eight Weeks in the County of Culpeper; where the Humanity and Politenefs of Col. John Thornton and his Lady mitigated my Diftrefs, and ultimately reftored me to my priftine Health and Vigour. This Gentle- man, as well as his Brother William, poffeffes a rare mechanical Genius, and to which he hath fuperadded a pradical Knowledge in Me- dicine and Surgery; the Advantages of which, his poor Neighbours often experience with Tears of Gratitude. Some Years fince, the Affembly of Virgi- nia voted a Premium to Mr. John Hobdy, for his Invention of a Machine, which he fub- mitted to their Infpedion, well calculated for the Purpofes of beating out Wheat and other fmall Grain. Col. William bath improved upon Hobdy's Invention by conftruing a Wa- ter-Mill, which without the Aid of animal Exertion, fhatters out and prepares more fmall Grain of any Kind in one Day, than Hobdy's can in one Week. With this Mill alone, he fpeedily prepares his Flax and Hemp for Mar- ket or the Diftaff. It is a Model well worth the Attention of every opulent Farmer, or of thofe who raife large Crops of Flax and Hemp. Augu/ ( 6 ) grefs for about eight Weeks in the County of Culpeper; where the Humanity and Politenefs of Col. John Thornton and his Lady mitigated my Diftrefs, and ultimately reftored me to my priftine Health and Vigour. This Gentle- man, as well as his Brother William, poffeffes a rare mechanical Genius, and to which he hath fuperadded a pradical Knowledge in Me- dicine and Surgery; the Advantages of which, his poor Neighbours often experience with Tears of Gratitude. Some Years fince, the Affembly of Virgi- nia voted a Premium to Mr. John Hobdy, for his Invention of a Machine, which he fub- mitted to their Infpedion, well calculated for the Purpofes of beating out Wheat and other fmall Grain. Col. William bath improved upon Hoody's Invention by conftrualing a Wa- ter-Mill, which without the Aid of animal Exertion, fhatters out and prepares more fmall Grain of any Kind in one Day, than Hobdy's can in one Week. With this Mill alone, he fpeedily prepares his Flax and Hemp for Mar- ket or the Diftaff. It is a Model well worth the Attention of every opulent Farmer, or of thofe who raife large Crops of Flax and Hemp.  Augufj io. Croffed the Blue-Ridge, and halted for three Days at New-Town, within about eight Miles of Winchefer. This flourifhing little Town I think, bids fair to eclipfe Winche/ler in a few Years, or, be con- neaed with her by a lengthy Village ; Its Lo- cality gives it a decided Preference to Win- chefter, as being in a fertile Neighborhood, and nearer to Mills, Iron-Works and the fu- ture Navigation of the Shenandoah. From this Place I made fome few Excur- fions into the Country, particularly to the Houfes of Colonels Zane and Thrufton; the former of whom poffeffes a greater Originali- ty of Thought, Speech and Adcion, than any other Gentleman I ever was acquainted with. O'er many Waters he hath been, And Knowledge great acquir'd, From reading Books as well as Men, For fhining Parts admir'd : From ev'ry great Metropolis, He fome Inffrunlion draws, By afeertaining its Police Of Manners, Cuftoms, Laws. He is the Proprietor of the Iron-Works, which, under his judicious Management yield an amazing Profit. All the Works which are very complex, are driven by the Water if. A 4 fuing Auguft io. Croffed the Blue-Ridge, and halted for three Days at New-Town, within about eight Miles of Winchefler. This flourifhing little Town I think, bids fair to eclipfe Winche/ler in a few Years, or, be con- neaed with her by a lengthy Village : Its Lo- cality gives it a decided Preference to Win- chefler, as being in a fertile Neighborhood, and nearer to Mills, Iron-Works and the fu- ture Navigation of the Shenandoah. From this Place I made fome few Excur- fions into the Country, particularly to the Houfes of Colonels Zane and Thrufon; the former of whom poffeffes a greater Originali- ty of Thought, Speech and Adion, than any other Gentleman I ever was acquainted with. O'er many Waters he hath been, And Knowledge great acquir'd, From reading Books as well as Men, For fhining Parts admir'd : From ev'ry great Metropolis, He fome Inftruaion draws, By afcertaining its Police Of Manners, Cuftoms, Laws. He is the Proprietor of the Iron-Works, which, under his judicious Management yield an amazing Profit. All the Works which are very complex, are driven by the Water if. A 4 fuing Auguf ro. Croffed the Blue-Ridge, and halted for three Days at New-Town, within about eight Miles of Winchetler. This flourifhing little Town I think, bids fair to eclipfe Winehefter in a few Years, or, be con- ne&ed with her by a lengthy Village : Its Lo- cality gives it a decided Preference to Win- chefler, as being in a fertile Neighborhood, and nearer to Mills, Iron-Works and the fu- ture Navigation of the Shenandoah. From this Place I made fome few Excur- fions into the Country, particularly to the Houfes of Colonels Zane and Thruflon; the former of whom poffeffes a greater Originali- ty of Thought, Speech and Anion, than any other Gentleman I ever was acquainted with. O'er many Waters he hath been, And Knowledge great acquir'd, From reading Books as well as Men, For fhining Parts admir'd : From ev'ry great Metropolis, He fome Inftrunion draws, By afeertaining its Police Of Manners, Cuftoms, Laws. He is the Proprietor of the Iron-Works, which, under his judicious Management yield an amazing Profit. All the Works which are very complex, are driven by the Water if. A 4 fuing  (8 ) fuing from one Spring, whofe Source is not above a Quarter of a Mile from the Spot. Auguft 14th. Found myfelf happy in the Family of the fenfible, humane and generous Col. G. M. Thrufton, whofe public and pri- vate Characters will bear the ftridteft Scrutiny. His late Difplay of unparralled Generofity to a diftreffed, though reputable Family, will be enrolled in the Court above; and from the recording Angel, inftead of a Tear, extort an approbative Smile. This Gentleman at an early Period of the War, laying afide his fa- cerdotal Habit, appeared at the Head of a Re- giment in Defence of his injured Country. His Achievements in the Field, his Wifdom in Council, and the general Tenour of his Conduat, through the various Scenes of Life, do him Honour, and claim from a grateful Country its warmeft Acknowledgments. On this Gentleman's Farm I obferved about an Acre of Ground well befet with Jerufalem Artichokes, of a most luxuriant Growth ; the Colonel told me that he was confident the Pro- duction would exceed one Thoufand Bufhels. To this Vegetable, Swine and horned Cattle of every Defcription, particularly Sheep, are furprifingly attached-I do not difcover it to be ( 8) fuing from one Spring, whofe Source is not above a Quarter of a Mile from the Spot. Augufl 14th. Found myfelf happy in the Family of the fenfible, humane and generous Col. G. M. Thrufton, whofe public and pri- vate Characers will bear the ftri&eft Scrutiny. His late Difplay of unparralled Generofity to a diftreffed, though reputable Family, will be enrolled in the Court above; and from the recording Angel, inftead of a Tear, extort an approbative Smile. This Gentleman at an early Period of the War, laying afide his fa- cerdotal Habit, appeared at the Head of a Re- giment in Defence of his injured Country. His Achievements in the Field, his Wifdom in Council, and the general Tenour of his Conduft, through the various Scenes of Life, do him Honour, and claim from a grateful Country its warmeft Acknowledgments. On this Gentleman's Farm I obferved about an Acre of Ground well befet with Jerufalem Artichokes, of a most luxuriant Growth ; the Colonel told me that he was confident the Pro- duaion would exceed one Thoufand Bufhels. To this Vegetable, Swine and horned Cattle of every Defeription, particularly Sheep, are furprifingly attached-I do not difcover it to be (8 ) fuing from one Spring, whofe Source is not above a Quarter of a Mile from the Spot. Augufl 14th. Found myfelf happy in the Family of the fenfible, humane and generous Col. G. M. Thrufon, whofe public and pri- vate Characters will bear the ftrialeft Scrutiny. His late Difplay of unparralled Generofity to a diftreffed, though reputable Family, will be enrolled in the Court above; and from the recording Angel, inftead of a Tear, extort an approbative Smile. This Gentleman at an early Period of the War, laying afide his fa- cerdotal Habit, appeared at the Head of a Re- giment in Defence of his injured Country. His Achievements in the Field, his Wifdom in Council, and the general Tenour of his Conduat, through the various Scenes of Life, do him Honour, and claim from a grateful Country its warmeft Acknowledgments. On this Gentleman's Farm I obferved about an Acre of Ground well befet with Jerufalem Artichokes, of a most luxuriant Growth ; the Colonel told me that he was confident the Pro- duation would exceed one Thoufand Bufhels. To this Vegetable, Swine and horned Cattle of every Defcription, particularly Sheep, are furprifingly attached-I do not difcover it to be  ( 9 ) be any Way inferiour to the Garden Artichoke for Table Ufe. Augufi 17th. Arrived in Winchefler much relaxed from the Heat of the Weather, and whilft lolling on a Couch, was faluted by a Mr. John Welch, who had ferved in my Regi- ment in the Capacity of a common Soldier du- ring the laft War. With great Self-Compla- cency he informed me, that fince the War he had been profperous in Life, had acquired a fnug little Retreat in the Country, and then had a large Drove of Cattle within four Miles of the Place, which he meant to difpofe of to the French emigrants then ftationary in Win- chefer-that he wifhed to go back, meet the Drove and hurry them into Town, leaft others might fupplant him in the Sale; but that he had fent his Horfe to the fame Pafture where his Cattle were, fo that he fhould be under the Neceffity of going on Foot, unlefs he could beg, borrow or fteal a Nag to ride that fmall Diftance : Mr. Welch, I am happy to hear of your Profperity, and you are entirely welcome to the Ufe of my Horfe to ride that Diftance- Sir, you are very good, and I'll embrace your generous Offer, and on my Return this Even- ing give myfelf the Pleafure of Dining with you. I fear fome Accident has happened to Mr. Welch, as I have neither feen him, the Horfe ( 9 ) be any Way inferiour to the Garden Artichoke for Table Ufe. Augu/ 17th. Arrived in Winchefier much relaxed from the Heat of the Weather, and whilft lolling on a Couch, was faluted by a Mr. John Welch, who had ferved in my Regi- ment in the Capacity of a common Soldier du- ring the laft War. With great Self-Compla- cency he informed me, that fince the War he had been profperous in Life, had acquired a fnug little Retreat in the Country, and then had a large Drove of Cattle within four Miles of the Place, which he meant to difpofe of to the French emigrants then ftationary in Win- cheler-that he wifhed to go back, meet the Drove and hurry them into Town, leaft others might fupplant him in the Sale; but that he had fent his Horfe to the fame Pafture where his Cattle were, fo that he fhould be under the Neceffity of going on Foot, unlefs he could beg, borrow or fleal a Nag to ride that fmall Diftance : Mr. Welch, I am happy to hear of your Profperity, and you are entirely welcome to the Ufe of my Horfe to ride that Diftance- Sir, you are very good, and I'll embrace your generous Offer, and on my Return this Even- ing give myfelf the Pleafure of Dining with you. I fear fome Accident has happened to Mr. Welch, as I have neither feen him, the Horfe ( 9 ) be any Way inferiour to the Garden Artichoke for Table Ufe. Augujl 17th. Arrived in Winchefler much relaxed from the Heat of the Weather, and whilft lolling on a Couch, was faluted by a Mr. John Welch, who had ferved in my Regi- ment in the Capacity of a common Soldier du- ring the laft War. With great Self-Compla- cency he informed me, that fince the War he had been profperous in Life, had acquired a fnug little Retreat in the Country, and then had a large Drove of Cattle within four Miles of the Place, which he meant to difpofe of to the French emigrants then ftationary in Win- chefer-that he wifhed to go back, meet the Drove and hurry them into Town, leaft others might fupplant him in the Sale; but that he had fent his Horfe to the fame Pafture where his Cattle were, fo that he fhould be under the Neceffity of going on Foot, unlefs he could beg, borrow or fReal a Nag to ride that fmall Diftance : Mr. Welch, I am happy to hear of your Profperity, and you are entirely welcome to the Ufe of my Horfe to ride that Diftance- Sir, you are very good, and I'll embrace your generous Offer, and on my Return this Even- ing give myfelf the Pleafure of Dining with you. I fear fome Accident has happened to Mr. Welch, as I have neither feen him, the Horfe  ( Io ) Horfe, Bridle or Saddle from that Hour to this! In this Situation, on a Journey with i8o Miles in Rear, and 500 in Front, I be- gan like Strap to moralize, with only this Difference, he faid "A Fool and his Money is foon parted;" I ufed the Word Horfe in- ftead of Money. During my Continuance in Winchefier, I was frequently in the Company of General Morgan, whofe Charadter as a Military Man, is held in high Eftimation even by his Ene- mies-Poffeffed of an eafy Fortune, he now enjoys all the Sweets of Domeftication, and the Heart felt Pleafure arifing from a confcious Reditude. He is fond of the focial Pleafures, and will fometimes in his gayer Moments, amufe the Company with Narratives of mar- tial Feats, and how Somebody, and who it was, that plucked the Laurels from fierce Tarlton's Brow. September. Hearing that the Monongalia and Ohio were innavigable, I refolved to fpend my Time until they fhould rife among my Friends in Berkeley County, which for its Temperature of Air, Salubrity of Baths and Fertility of Soil, juftly claims the Preference of every other County in Virginia, but lefs fo of Frederick than the reft, whether for the Properties ( Io ) Horfe, Bridle or Saddle from that Hour to this! In this Situation, on a Journey with 18o Miles in Rear, and soo in Front, I be- gan like Strap to moralize, with only this Difference, he faid "A Fool and his Money is foon parted;" I ufed the Word Horfe in- flead of Money. During my Continuance in Winchefler, I was frequently in the Company of General Morgan, whofe Charader as a Military Man, is held in high Eftimation even by his Ene- mies-Poffeffed of an eafy Fortune, he now enjoys all the Sweets of Domeftication, and the Heart felt Pleafure arifing from a confcious Reditude. He is fond of the focial Pleafures, and will fometimes in his gayer Moments, amufe the Company with Narratives of mar- tial Feats, and how Somebody, and who it was, that plucked the Laurels from fierce Tarlton's Brow. September. Hearing that the Monongalia and Ohio were innavigable, I refolved to fpend my Time until they fhould rife among my Friends in Berkeley County, which for its Temperature of Air, Salubrity of Baths and Fertility of Soil, juftly claims the Preference of every other County in Virginia, but lefs fo of Frederick than the reft, whether for the Properties ( IO ) Horfe, Bridle or Saddle from that Hour to this ! In this Situation, on a Journey with 18o Miles in Rear, and 500 in Front, I be- gan like Strap to moralize, with only this Difference, he faid "A Fool and his Money is foon parted;" I ufed the Word Horfe in- ftead of Money. During my Continuance in Winchefter, I was frequently in the Company of General Morgan, whofe Charader as a Military Man, is held in high Eftimation even by his Ene- mies-Poffeffed of an eafy Fortune, he now enjoys all the Sweets of Domeftication, and the Heart felt Pleafure arifing from a confcious Reditude. He is fond of the focial Pleafures, and will fometimes in his gayer Moments, amufe the Company with Narratives of mar- tial Feats, and how Somebody, and who it was, that plucked the Laurels from fierce Tarlton's Brow. September. Hearing that the Monongalia and Ohio were innavigable, I refolved to fpend my Time until they fhould rife among my Friends in Berkeley County, which for its Temperature of Air, Salubrity of Baths and Fertility of Soil, juftly claims the Preference of every other County in Virginia, but lefs fo of Frederick than the reft, whether for the Properties  ( 11 ) Properties already mentioned, or the Hofpita- lity and Independence of its People in general. I paid a Vifit to Mr. Charles Wafhington, the Brother of our beloved Prefident, where I had the Pleafure of feeing a moft affectionate Meeting between him and his Sifter, attended with feveral Female Relations from Frede- rick/burg. Mr. Robert Rutherford, a Mem- ber of the Virginia Senate was alfo there, and contributed much to the Chearfulnefs of the Company, by finging feveral moft excellent and fentimental Songs. I am indebted to this Gentleman and Mr. Wafhington for furnifh- ing me with a joint Letter of Introduaion, to fome of the moft reputable Charaders in Kentuckey: Meffrs. David Gray and Mofes Hunter are among the number of thofe who have impofed Obligations on me. O1ober. Purfued my Route through Shepherd's Town and Martinfburg, two flou- rifhing little Towns. At the former I faw General Gates and his Family on their Way to New-York, and at the latter, General Ste- phen, who obferved that the Triumvirate was now entirely diffolved, alluding to Generals Lee, Gates and himfelf : Whom ( I ) Properties already mentioned, or the Hofpita- lity and Independence of its People in general. I paid a Vifit to Mr. Charles Wafhington, the Brother of our beloved Prefident, where I had the Pleafure of feeing a moft affedionate Meeting between him and his Sifter, attended with feveral Female Relations from Frede- rick/burg. Mr. Robert Rutherford, a Mem- ber of the Virginia Senate was alfo there, and contributed much to the Chearfulnefs of the Company, by finging feveral moft excellent and fentimental Songs. I am indebted to this Gentleman and Mr. Wafhington for furnifh- ing me with a joint Letter of Introduction, to fome of the moft reputable Charaters in Kentuckey: Meffrs. David Gray and Mofes Hunter are among the number of thofe who have impofed Obligations on me. O[ober. Purfued my Route through Shepherd's Town and Martinfburg, two flou- rifhing little Towns. At the former I faw General Gates and his Family on their Way to New-York, and at the latter, General Ste- phen, who obferved that the Triumvirate was now entirely diffolved, alluding to Generals Lee, Gates and himfelf : Whom ( 11 ) Properties already mentioned, or the Hofpita- lity and Independence of its People in general. I paid a Vifit to Mr. Charles Wafhington, the Brother of our beloved Prefident, where I had the Pleafure of feeing a moft affedionate Meeting between him and his Sifter, attended with feveral Female Relations from Frede- rick/burg. Mr. Robert Rutherford, a Mem- ber of the Virginia Senate was alfo there, and contributed much to the Chearfulnefs of the Company, by finging feveral moft excellent and fentimental Songs. I am indebted to this Gentleman and Mr. Wafhington for furnifh- ing me with a joint Letter of Introduation, to fome of the moft reputable Charaters in Kentuckey: Meffrs. David Gray and Mofes Hunter are among the number of thofe who have impofed Obligations on me. Otlober. Purfued my Route through Shepherd's Town and Martin/burg, two flou- rifhing little Towns. At the former I faw General Gates and his Family on their Way to New-York, and at the latter, General Ste- phen, who obferved that the Triumvirate was now entirely diffolved, alluding to Generals Lee, Gates and himfelf : Whom  ( 12 ) Whomn Dame Fortune in a merry Mood, Concenter'd in one Neighbourhood; Evincing well, that Birds of Feather, Always chirp and flock together. Began to afcend the Alleghany Mountains in Company with old Col. Shepherd, who obferved that for many Years he had made it an invariable Rule to take a hearty Drink of Grog at a Spring near the Road-Side, where the Eaftern and Weftern Waters very amicably take their Leave of each other, in- timating that we and our Weftern Brethren ought to do fo likewife. I fhall not under- take a Defcription of a Sixty Miles Paffage over thofe Alpine Hills, but content myfelf with faying, that I paffed through the Sha- dow of Death-faw General Wafhington's In- trenchment at the Meadows, and undifmayed, rode over Braddock's Grave. From the Weftern Side of Laurel Hill, on a pleafant Evening, I was ravifh'd with the Profpe&t of Beefon Town and the circumjacent Coun- try. Ten Miles from Beefon Town lies the Old Fort, at the Junaion of a fmall Stream, called Redjlone, and the Monongalia. At this Place we were detained about a Week, ex- periencing every Difguft which Rooks and Harpies could excite. 06ober. ( 12) Whom Dame Fortune in a merry Mood, Concenter'd in one Neighbourhood; Evincing well, that Birds of Feather, Always chirp and fock together. Began to afcend the Alleghany Mountains in Company with old Col. Shepherd, who obferved that for many Years he had made it an invariable Rule to take a hearty Drink of Grog at a Spring near the Road-Side, where the Eaftern and Weftern Waters very amicably take their Leave of each other, in- timating that we and our Weftern Brethren ought to do fo likewife. I fhall not under- take a Defcription of a Sixty Miles Paffage over thofe Alpine Hills, but content myfelf with faying, that I paffed through the Sha- dow of Death-faw General Wafhington's In- trenchment at the Meadows, and undifmayed, rode over Braddock's Grave. From the Weftern Side of Laurel Hill, on a pleafant Evening, I was ravifh'd with the Profpe& of Beefon Town and the circumjacent Coun- try. Ten Miles from Beefon Town lies the Old Fort, at the Jundion of a fmall Stream, called Redftone, and the Monongalia. At this Place we were detained about a Week, ex- periencing every Difguft which Rooks and Harpies could excite. Oaober. ( 12 ) Whom Dame Fortune in a merry Mood, Concenter'd in one Neighbourhood; Evincing well, that Birds of Feather, Always chirp and flock together. Began to afcend the Alleghany Mountains in Company with old Col. Shepherd, who obferved that for many Years he had made it an invariable Rule to take a hearty Drink of Grog at a Spring near the Road-Side, where the Eaftern and Weftern Waters very amicably take their Leave of each other, in- timating that we and our Weftern Brethren ought to do fo likewife. I fhall not under- take a Defcription of a Sixty Miles Paffage over thofe Alpine Hills, but content myfelf with faying, that I paffed through the Sha- dow of Death-faw General Wafhington's In- trenchment at the Meadows, and undifmayed, rode over Braddoch's Grave. From the Weftern Side of Laurel Hill, on a pleafant Evening, I was ravifh'd with the Profpedl of Beefon Town and the circumjacent Coun- try. Ten Miles from Beefon Town lies the Old Fort, at the Junaion of a fmall Stream, called Red/lone, and the Monongalia. At this Place we were detained about a Week, ex- periencing every Difguft which Rooks and Harpies could excite. Oflober.  ( 13 ) O/7ober. Went on Board a Kentuckey Boat in Company with three Danville Merchants, and a Mr. Fooley from the State of Maryland, and in Twenty-three Hours reached Pitf- burg. The laft mentioned Gentleman from his Singularities and Fooleries merits a mi- nute Defcription, which, however, I am at a Lofs to give. Suffice it to fay, that Mr. Thomas Fooley, of a very reputable Family in Maryland, is about fix Feet three Inches high, and every Way difproportionate in his Shape and contradiitory in the Lineaments of his Face, which at firft View excited a Refi- bility in the moft ferious Beholder. The De- formities of his Conduat vie with thofe of his Perfon. It was fometime laft Month that Mr. Fooley eloped from his Lady, under an Apprehenfion that fhe was preparing through the Medium of her Friends an Inftrument of Writing for him to fign, whereby a confider- able Part of his Fortune was to be vefted in the Hands of Truftees, fubjet to her Con- troul. To this Mr. Fooley was utterly op- pofed-However, previous to his Elopement he left her an unlimited Power of Attorney, which he delivered into the Hands of his Overfeer. At Redlone he difpofed of his ele- gant Horfe and Furniture for an old Brafs Watch, which has the Property of being right ( 13 ) Otlober. Went on Board a Kentuckey Boat in Company with three Danville Merchants, and a Mr. Fooley from the State of Maryland, and in Twenty-three Hours reached Pittf- burg. The laft mentioned Gentleman from his Singularities and Fooleries merits a mi- nute Defcription, which, however, I am at a Lofs to give. Suffice it to fay, that Mr. Thomas Fooley, of a very reputable Family in Maryland, is about fix Feet three Inches high, and every Way difproportionate in his Shape and contradiaory in the Lineaments of his Face, which at firft View excited a Refi- bility in the moft ferious Beholder. The De- formities of his Conduat vie with thofe of his Perfon. It was fometime laft Month that Mr. Fooley eloped from his Lady, under an Apprehenfion that fhe was preparing through the Medium of her Friends an Inftrument of Writing for him to fign, whereby a confider- able Part of his Fortune was to be vefted in the Hands of Truftees, fubje& to her Con- troul. To this Mr. Fooley was utterly op- pofed-However, previous to his Elopement he left her an unlimited Power of Attorney, which he delivered into the Hands of his Overfeer. At Red/one he difpofed of his ele- gant Horfe and Furniture for an old Brafs Watch, which has the Property of being right ( 13 ) October. Went on Board a Kentuckey Boat in Company with three Danville Merchants, and a Mr. Fooley from the State of Maryland, and in Twenty-three Hours reached Pitf- burg. The laft mentioned Gentleman from his Singularities and Fooleries merits a mi- nute Defeription, which, however, I am at a Lofs to give. Suffice it to fay, that Mr. Thomas Fooley, of a very reputable Family in Maryland, is about fix Feet three Inches high, and every Way difproportionate in his Shape and contradidory in the Lineaments of his Face, which at firft View excited a Refi- bility in the moft ferious Beholder. The De- formities of his Condua vie with thofe of his Perfon. It was fometime laft Month that Mr. Fooley eloped from his Lady, under an Apprehenfion that fhe was preparing through the Medium of her Friends an Inftrument of Writing for him to fign, whereby a confider- able Part of his Fortune was to be vefted in the Hands of Truftees, fubjea to her Con- troul. To this Mr. Fooley was utterly op- pofed-However, previous to his Elopement he left her an unlimited Power of Attorney, which he delivered into the Hands of his Overfeer. At Red/one he difpofed of his ele- gant Horfe and Furniture for an old Brafs Watch, which has the Property of being right  ( 14 ) right once in every Twelve Hours: Not- withftanding this, Mr. Fooley is a Gentleman of Refinement, being both a Philofopher and Politician, with fome Knowledge of Aftro- logy and Palmiftry. OBober. Apprehending a Return of the Rheumatifm, I refolved to awart the Event in Pittfburg, where I could be comfortably lodged and duly attended ; I ftaid ten Days. Here I faw the celebrated Hugh Henry Breck- enridge, Author of the fix political Sermons in the beginning of the War, and of various other Traits fince-He had been lately mar- ried to a Mifs Sabina Wolfe, Daughter of an old Dutch Farmer in Wafhington County- The Circumftances of his Courtfhip, Mar- riage and fubfequent Condu& I fhall relate, with fome flight References to the Perfon, Temper and Difpofition of the Man. Mr. Breckenridge on his Way from Wafk- ington Court, called in at Mr. Wolfe's to have his Horfe fed and efcape a Rain which was then defcending. The Horfe was fed, the Rain had fubfided, and Mr. Breckenridge to avoid wet Feet, ordered his Horfe to be brought to the Door; Mifs Wolfe was di- reded to perform that Office. Nut ( 14 ) right once in every Twelve Hours: Not- withftanding this, Mr. Fooley is a Gentleman of Refinement, being both a Philofopher and Politician, with fome Knowledge of Aftro- logy and Palmiftry. Oober. Apprehending a Return of the Rheumatifm, I refolved to awart the Event in Pittfburg, where I could be comfortably lodged and duly attended ; I ftaid ten Days. Here I faw the celebrated Hugh Henry Breck- enridge, Author of the fix political Sermons in the beginning of the War, and of various other Traits fince-He had been lately mar- ried to a Mifs Sabina Wolfe, Daughter of an old Dutch Farmer in Wafhington County- The Circumftances of his Courtfhip, Mar- riage and fubfequent Condud I fhall relate, with fome flight References to the Perfon, Temper and Difpofition of the Man. Mr. Breckenridge on his Way from Wafh- ington Court, called in at Mr. Wolfe's to have his Horfe fed and efcape a Rain which was then defcending. The Horfe was fed, the Rain had fubfided, and Mr. Breckenridge to avoid wet Feet, ordered his Horfe to be brought to the Door; Mifs Wolfe was di- re(ted to perform that Office. Nut ( 14 ) right once in every Twelve Hours: Not- withftanding this, Mr. Fooley is a Gentleman of Refinement, being both a Philofopher and Politician, with fome Knowledge of Aftro- logy and Palmiftry. Oober. Apprehending a Return of the Rheumatifm, I refolved to awart the Event in Pittfburg, where I could be comfortably lodged and duly attended ; I ftaid ten Days. Here I faw the celebrated Hugh Henry Breck- enridge, Author of the fix political Sermons in the beginning of the War, and of various other Traits fince-He had been lately mar- ried to a Mifs Sabina Wolfe, Daughter of an old Dutch Farmer in Waflington County- The Circumftances of his Courtfhip, Mar- riage and fubfequent Condut I fhall relate, with fome flight References to the Perfon, Temper and Difpofition of the Man. Mr. Breckenridge on his Way from Wafh- ingion Court, called in at Mr. Wolfe's to have his Horfe fed and efcape a Rain which was then defcending. The Horfe was fed, the Rain had fubfided, and Mr. Breckenridge to avoid wet Feet, ordered his Horfe to be brought to the Door; Mifs Wolfe was di- reaed to perform that Office.  ( 15 ) Nut brown were her Locks, her Shape was full firait, Her Eyes were as black as a Sloe; Milk white were her Teeth, full fmnart was her Gait, And fleck was her Skin as a Doe. Thefe Allurements made a deep Impref- fion upon the fufceptible Heart of Brecken- ridge-He prevented her in the fervile Office, mounted his Nag and off he went. He had not gone more than a Sabbath Day's Jour- ney, (for fuch his really was) before his Horfe, at the Inftigation of the Rider, turned fhort about and revifited Mr. Wolfe's. A fa- miliar Application was made to the old Gen- tleman for his Daughter, which he confi- dered as nothing more than Pleafantry in Mr. Breckenridge, for which he is fo remarkable. Mr. Breckenridge declared that he was feri- ous, that his Intentions were honourable, and that this future Happinefs refled on the Event of his then Application. Mifs Sabina had been employed in Shrubbing the old Man's Meadow, which faved him the annual Ex- pence of about ten Dollars. This with him was an infuperable Objedion to parting with his Girl-Mr. Breckenridge obviated the Dif- ficulty by paying down a Sum of Money, obtained the Young Lady's Confent, married her, and fent her to Philadelphia, where fhe now is under the Governance of a reputable female ( 15 ) Nut brown were her Locks, her Shape was full ftrait, Her Eyes were as black as a Sloe ; Milk white were her Teeth, full fmart was her Gait, And fleek was her Skin as a Doe. Thefe Allurements made a deep Impref- fion upon the fufceptible Heart of Brecken- ridge-He prevented her in the fervile Office, mounted his Nag and off he went. He had not gone more than a Sabbath Day's Jour- ney, (for fuch his really was) before his Horfe, at the Infligation of the Rider, turned fhort about and revifited Mr. Wolfe's. A fa- miliar Application was made to the old Gen- tleman for his Daughter, which he confi- dered as nothing more than Pleafantry in Mr. Breckenridge, for which he is fo remarkable. Mr. Breckenridge declared that he was feri- ous, that his Intentions were honourable, and that this future Happinefs refted on the Event of his then Application. Mifs Sabina had been employed in Shrubbing the old Man's Meadow, which faved him the annual Ex- pence of about ten Dollars. This with him was an infuperable Obje&ion to parting with his Girl-Mr. Breckenridge obviated the Dif- ficulty by paying down a Sum of Money, obtained the Young Lady's Confent, married her, and fent her to Philadelphia, where fhe now is under the Governance of a reputable female ( 15 ) Nut brown were her Locks, her Shape was full ftrait, Her Eyes were as black as a Sloe; Milk white were her Teeth, full fnart was her Gait, And fleek was her Skin as a Doe. Thefe Allurements made a deep Impref- fion upon the fufceptible Heart of Brecken- ridge-He prevented her in the fervile Office, mounted his Nag and off he went. He had not gone more than a Sabbath Day's Jour- ney, (for fuch his really was) before his Horfe, at the Inftigation of the Rider, turned fhort about and revifited Mr. Wolfe's. A fa- miliar Application was made to the old Gen- tleman for his Daughter, which he confi- dered as nothing more than Pleafantry in Mr. Breckenridge, for which he is fo remarkable. Mr. Breckenridge declared that he was feri- ous, that his Intentions were honourable, and that this future Happinefs refted on the Event of his then Application. Mifs Sabina had been employed in Shrubbing the old Man's Meadow, which faved him the annual Ex- pence of about ten Dollars. This with him was an infuperable Objedtion to parting with his Girl-Mr. Breckenridge obviated the Dif- ficulty by paying down a Sum of Money, obtained the Young Lady's Confent, married her, and fent her to Philadelphia, where fhe now is under the Governance of a reputable female  ( 16 ) female Character, whofe Bufinefs will be to polifh the Manners, and wipe off the Rufti- cities which Mrs. Breckenridge had acquired whilft a Wolfe. As an Introduation to an Acquaintance with this Gentleman, I compofed, inclofed and fent to him on the Evening of my Arri- val, the following hafty Produation, which without my Knowledge or Confent, he had inferted in the Pitlfburg Gazette. To H. H. BRECKENRIDGE, Efg; on his being fairly NOOSD. THY great and independent Soul did tow'r, And from the faireft Stalk feleR the Flow'r: Which in the Wild unknown to public View, In mild Pudicity jo jweetly grew. SABINA learn! It was not giddy Chance, That led fair Merit up to high Advance? No, 'twas Heaven which open'd on his Eyes, When Love and he firft view'd thee with Surprize. The Matron fhall e'er long by him be taught, To fpeak and a/b aboon the vulgar Thought. His plaftic Hand fhall fahion and fo mould, And turn as 'twere, thy unwrought Ore to Gold. That neither in Idea nor Romance, Or in Metropolis of polifh'd France ; Shall any Dame be found to equal thee, In Manners foft, and true Gentility. Thus ( 16 ) female CharaEter, whofe Bufinefs will be to polifh the Manners, and wipe off the Rufti- cities which Mrs. Breckenridge had acquired whilft a Wolfe. As an Introduasion to an Acquaintance with this Gentleman, I compofed, inclofed and fent to him on the Evening of my Arri- val, the following hafty Produation, which without my Knowledge or Confent, he had inferted in the Pitlfburg Gazette. To H. H. BRECKENRIDGE, Efg ; on his being fairly NOOS'D. THY great and independent Soul did towr, And from the faireft Stalk felen the Flow'r : Which in the Wild unknown to public View, In mild Pudicity fo fweetly grew. SABINA learn! It was not giddy Chance, That led fair Merit up to high Advance? No, 'twas Heaven which open'd on his Eyes, When Love and he frft view'd thee with Surprize. The Matron fhall e'er long by him be taught, To fpeak and a/n aboon the vulgar Thought. His plaftic Hand fhall fahion and fo mould, And turn as 'twere, thy unwrought Ore to Gold. That neither in Idea nor Romance, Or in Metropolis of polifh'd France ; Shall any Dame be found to equal thee, In Manners foft, and true Gentility. Thus ( 16 ) female Charader, whofe Bufinefs will be to polifh the Manners, and wipe off the Rufti- cities which Mrs. Breckenridge had acquired whilft a Wolfe. As an Introdudion to an Acquaintance with this Gentleman, I compofed, inclofed and fent to him on the Evening of my Arri- val, the following hafty Produaion, which without my Knowledge or Confent, he had inferted in the PitIfburg Gazette. To H. H. BRECKENRIDGE, Efq; on his being fairly NOOS'D. THY great and independent Soul did tow'r, And from the faireft Stalk fele the Flow'r : Which in the Wild unknown to public View, In mild Pudicity fo fweetly grew. S ABNA learn! It was not giddy Chance, That led fair Merit up to high Advance? No, 'twas Heaven which open'd on his Eyes, When Love and he firft viewd thee with Surprize. The Matron fhall e'er long by him be taught, To fpeak and a/b aboon the vulgar Thought. His plaftic Hand fhall fafhion and fo mould, And turn as 'twere, thy unwrought Ore to Gold. That neither in Idea nor Romance, Or in Metropolis of polifh'd France ; Shall any Dame be found to equal thee, In Manners foft, and true Gentility. Thus  ( 17 ) Thus augur I of thee, oh purelefs Dame, Whose Condu? foon fhallfwell the Trump of Fame. And well evinc'd when form'd on Wifdom's Plan, Who can reward and foothe an hineft Man. In Company with this Gentleman I view- ed the Fort and neighbouring Eminencies of Pittfburg, which will one Day or other em- ploy the hiftoric Pen, as being replete with ftrange and melancholy Events. The Town at prefent, is inhabited with only fome few Exceptions, by Mortals who ad as if pof- feffed of a Charter of Exclufive Privilege to filch from, annoy and harrafs her Fellow Creatures, particularly the incautious and neceffitous; many who have emigrated from various Parts to Kentuckey can verify this Charge-Goods of every Defcription are dearer in Pittfburg than in Kentuckey, which I attribute to a Combination of penfioned Scoundrels who infeft the Place. " Some Men in Pow'r and Trufts, have made " The one Hand with the other trade; " Gain'd vaftly by their joint Endeavour, " The right a Thief, the left Receiver ; " And what the one by Tricks foreftal'd, "The other by as fly retaild." H UDIBRAS. B Was ( 17 ) Thus augur I of thee, oh purelefs Dame, Whose Condut foon fhallfwell the Trump of Fame. And well evinc'd when form'd on Wifdom's Plan, Who can reward and foothe an honeft Man. In Company with this Gentleman I view- ed the Fort and neighbouring Eminencies of Pittfburg, which will one Day or other em- ploy the hiftoric Pen, as being replete with ftrange and melancholy Events. The Town at prefent, is inhabited with only fome few Exceptions, by Mortals who ad as if pof- feffed of a Charter of Exclufive Privilege to filch from, annoy and harrafs her Fellow Creatures, particularly the incautious and neceffitous; many who have emigrated from various Parts to Kentuckey can verify this Charge-Goods of every Defcription are dearer in Pittfburg than in Kentuckey, which I attribute to a Combination of penfioned Scoundrels who infeft the Place. " Some Men in Pow'r and Trufts, have made " The one Hand with the other trade; " Gain'd vaftly by their joint Endeavour, " The right a Thief, the left Receiver ; "And what the one by Tricks foreftalrd, " The other by as fly retait'd." H UDIBRAS. B Was ( 17 ) Thus augur I of thee, oh purelefs Dame, Whose Condutfoon fhallfwell the Trump of Fame. And well evinc'd when form'd on Wifdom's Plan, Who can reward and foothe an honeft Man. In Company with this Gentleman I view- ed the Fort and neighbouring Eminencies of Pitt/burg, which will one Day or other em- ploy the hiftoric Pen, as being replete with ftrange and melancholy Events. The Town at prefent, is inhabited with only fome few Exceptions, by Mortals who ad as if pof- feffed of a Charter of Exclufive Privilege to filch from, annoy and harrafs her Fellow Creatures, particularly the incautious and neceffitous; many who have emigrated from various Parts to Kentuckey can verify this Charge-Goods of every Defcription are dearer in Pittfburg than in Kentuckey, which I attribute to a Combination of penfioned Scoundrels who infeft the Place. " Some Men in Pow'r and Trufts, have made "The one Hand with the other trade; " Gain'd vaftly by their joint Endeavour, " The right a Thief, the left Receiver ; "And what the one by Tricks foreftal'd, "The other by as fly retaild." H UDIBRAS. B Was  ( 18 ) Was a Spaniard to refide among the Pittf- burgers only one Week, he would be apt to exclaim in the Words of Quevedo: "Menca la cola el Can, " No por ti fino por el Pan." TRANSLATED. * Tis not for thee; but for thy Bread, Tray wags his Tail and fhakes his Head. November. I proceeded down the Ohio in Mr. Beal's Boat, which was a moveable Fortification ; having about one Hundred and Fifty Salt Pans fo arranged, as to render a few Men within, capable of repulfing ten Times their Number without. Nothing materially occurred-We had a tolerable Paffage of five Days and Nights down to Limefone, a little Town, fituate on the Banks of the Ohio, at the Mouth of Limefione Creek, where Emi- grants from Virginia and all the Eaftern States moft commonly debark. Leaving this Place, I paffed on in a diredt Route through the moft fertile Parts of Kentuckey, by WafA- ington, Bourbon and Lexington Townfhips to Danville, the prefent Metropolis of the Dif- tri&. In this Place and its Vicinage I con- tinued about a Month, experiencing every Civility and Hofpitality which fo remarkably charac- ( 18 ) Was a Spaniard to refide among the Pittf- burgers only one Week, he would be apt to exclaim in the Words of Quevedo: " Menca la cola el Can, "No por ti fino por el Pan." TRANSLATED. Tis not for thee; but for thy Bread, Tray wags his Tail and fhakes his Head. November. I proceeded down the Ohio in Mr. Beal/s Boat, which was a moveable Fortification ; having about one Hundred and Fifty Salt Pans fo arranged, as to render a few Men within, capable of repulfing ten Times their Number without. Nothing materially occurred-We had a tolerable Paffage of five Days and Nights down to Limeflone, a little Town, fituate on the Banks of the Ohio, at the Mouth of Limef]one Creek, where Emi- grants from Virginia and all the Eaftern States moft commonly debark. Leaving this Place, I paffed on in a dire& Route through the moft fertile Parts of Kentuckey, by Wafh- ington, Bourbon and Lexington Townfhips to Danville, the prefent Metropolis of the Dif- tri&. In this Place and its Vicinage I con- tinued about a Month, experiencing every Civility and Hofpitality which fo remarkably charac- ( 18 ) Was a Spaniard to refide among the Pittf- burgers only one Week, he would be apt to exclaim in the Words of Quevedo: "Menca la cola el Can, " No por ti fino por el Pan." TRANSLATED. ' Tis not for thee; but for thy Bread, Tray wags his Tail and fhakes his Head. November. I proceeded down the Ohio in Mr. Beal/s Boat, which was a moveable Fortification ; having about one Hundred and Fifty Salt Pans fo arranged, as to render a few Men within, capable of repulfing ten Times their Number without. Nothing materially occurred-We had a tolerable Paffage of five Days and Nights down to Limefone, a little Town, fituate on the Banks of the Ohio, at the Mouth of Limeflone Creek, where Emi- grants from Virginia and all the Eaftern States moft commonly debark. Leaving this Place, I paffed on in a diredt Route through the moft fertile Parts of Kentuckey, by Wafk- ington, Bourbon and Lexington Townfhips to Danville, the prefent Metropolis of the Dif- tri6a. In this Place and its Vicinage I con- tinued about a Month, experiencing every Civility and Hofpitality which fo remarkably charac-  ( 19 ) charaderize the People. The Topography of Kentuckey is foreign to my Purpofe, as Mr. Filfon and others have treated that Sub- jeat with great Candour and Preciffion. Mere Occurrencies, and the mot confpicuous Traits of Men and Manners, are the principal Objeas of my Inveftigation. General Wil- kinfon and Scott are too generally known both at Home and abroad, to require any Eulogi- um from me : I fhall, therefore, wifhing them every Profperity, proceed on to Louzfville and its Neighbourhood, and roufe up Gen. George Rogers Clarke, who, the Kentuckians fay, hath actually been in a profound Slumber for upwards of four Years, without the leaft Symptoms of Wakefulnefs whatever. December 15th. Arrived at his Houfe un- der an Apprehenfion that he had forgotten me. He immediately recognized me, and without Ceremony, entered into a familiar, though defultory Converfation, in which I was highly pleafed with the Atticifm of his Wit, the genuine Offspring of native Genius. On ferious and important Occafions he dif- plays a Profundity of Judgment, aided by Refleation and matured by Experience. I cannot difmifs this Gentleman without ob- ferving, that fome few Years fince he fhone forth in all the Glory of military Prowefs. B 2 He ( 19 ) charaderize the People. The Topography of Kentuckcy is foreign to my Purpofe, as Mr. Filfon and others have treated that Sub- je& with great Candour and Preciffion. Mere Occurrencies, and the moft confpicuous Traits of Men and Manners, are the principal Objeds of my Inveftigation. General Wil- kinfon and Scott are too generally known both at Home and abroad, to require any Eulogi- um from me : I fhall, therefore, wifhing them every Profperity, proceed on to Louifville and its Neighbourhood, and roufe up Gen. George Rogers Clarke, who, the Kentuckians fay, hath aaually been in a profound Slumber for upwards of four Years, without the leaft Symptoms of Wakefulnefs whatever. December 15th. Arrived at his Houfe un- der an Apprehenfion that he had forgotten me. He immediately recognized me, and without Ceremony, entered into a familiar, though defultory Converfation, in which I was highly pleafed with the Atticifm of his Wit, the genuine Offspring of native Genius. On ferious and important Occafions he dif- plays a Profundity of Judgment, aided by Refledion and matured by Experience. I cannot difmifs this Gentleman without ob- ferving, that fome few Years fince he fhone forth in all the Glory of military Prowefs. B 2 He ( 19 ) charadterize the People. The Topography of Kentuckcy is foreign to my Purpofe, as Mr. Filfon and others have treated that Sub- je& with great Candour and Preciffion. Mere Occurrencies, and the moft confpicuous Traits of Men and Manners, are the principal Objeis of my Inveftigation. General Wil- kinfon and Scott are too generally known both at Home and abroad, to require any Eulogi- um from me : I fhall, therefore, wifhing them every Profperity, proceed on to Louifville and its Neighbourhood, and roufe up Gen. George Rogers Clarke, who, the Kentuckians fay, hath aaually been in a profound Slumber for upwards of four Years, without the leaft Symptoms of Wakefulnefs whatever. December 15th. Arrived at his Houfe un- der an Apprehenfion that he had forgotten me. He immediately recognized me, and without Ceremony, entered into a familiar, though defultory Converfation, in which I was highly pleafed with the Atticifm of his Wit, the genuine Offspring of native Genius. On ferious and important Occafions he dif- plays a Profundity of Judgment, aided by Reflection and matured by Experience. I cannot difmifs this Gentleman without ob- ferving, that fome few Years fince he fhone forth in all the Glory of military Prowefs. B 2 He  ( 20 ) He appeared from his Plans and Succeffes to have poffeffed an intuitive Knowledge of the Manoeuvres and Defigns of the Enemy, hav- ing in no Inftance out of many concerted his Operations injudicioufly. At Louifville the firft Obje& that caught my Attention was the ludicrous Mr. Fooley- Having exhaufted all his Cafh, he had ex- changed his fine long tail'd broad Cloth Coat for a Sailor's coarfe Jerkin, which reached within four Inches of the Waiftband's of his red Plufh Breeches-He had fwapped his Beaver for a coarfe high crown'd narrow brimm'd Wool Hat, which he thought ex- pedient, though contrary to all Precedent, to throw into a fmart triangular Cock ; by the laft Exchange he gained a round Half Dollar Piece. In this Garb, our Hero fraught with confummate Impudence, fet out in Queft of Adventures. As he had been a Fellow Tra- veller in a ftrange Land, I could not help re- monftrating with him upon the Impropriety of his Condu&, which, however he endea- voured to defend, by obferving that his then Appearance was in Honour to the Memories of Mr. Sterne and Lord Verulam.-For Sir, added he, Mr. Sterne, hath written exprefsly on the Subjea of Jerkins in thefe Words, "A Man's Body and his Mind, with reverence I fpeak it, ( 20 ) He appeared from his Plans and Succeffes to have poffeffed an intuitive Knowledge of the Manoeuvres and Defigns of the Enemy, hav- ing in no Inftance out of many concerted his Operations injudicioufly. At Louifville the firft Obje& that caught my Attention was the ludicrous Mr. Fooley- Having exhaufted all his Cafh, he had ex- changed his fine long tail'd broad Cloth Coat for a Sailor's coarfe Jerkin, which reached within four Inches of the Waiftband's of his red Plufh Breeches-He had fwapped his Beaver for a coarfe high crown'd narrow brimm'd Wool Hat, which he thought ex- pedient, though contrary to all Precedent, to throw into a fmart triangular Cock ; by the laft Exchange he gained a round Half Dollar Piece. In this Garb, our Hero fraught with confummate Impudence, fet out in Queft of Adventures. As he had been a Fellow Tra- veller in a ftrange Land, I could not help re- monftrating with him upon the Impropriety of his Condu&, which, however he endea- voured to defend, by obferving that his then Appearance was in Honour to the Memories of Mr. Sterne and Lord Verulam.-For Sir, added he, Mr. Sterne, hath written exprefsly on the Subjea of Jerkins in thefe Words, "A Man's Body and his Mind, with reverence I fpeak it, ( 20 ) He appeared from his Plans and Succeffes to have poffeffed an intuitive Knowledge of the Manceuvres and Defigns of the Enemy, hav- ing in no Inftance out of many concerted his Operations injudicioufly. At Louifville the firft Obje& that caught my Attention was the ludicrous Mr. Fooley- Having exhaufted all his Cafh, he had ex- changed his fine long tail'd broad Cloth Coat for a Sailor's coarfe Jerkin, which reached within four Inches of the Waiftband's of his red Plufh Breeches-He had fwapped his Beaver for a coarfe high crown'd narrow brimm'd Wool Hat, which he thought ex- pedient, though contrary to all Precedent, to throw into a fmart triangular Cock ; by the laft Exchange he gained a round Half Dollar Piece. In this Garb, our Hero fraught with confummate Impudence, fet out in Queft of Adventures. As he had been a Fellow Tra- veller in a ftrange Land, I could not help re- monftrating with him upon the Impropriety of his Condu&, which, however he endea- voured to defend, by obferving that his then Appearance was in Honour to the Memories of Mr. Sterneand Lord Verulam.-For Sir, added he, Mr. Sterne, hath written exprefsly on the Subje& of Jerkins in thefe Words, "A Man's Body and his Mind, with reverence I fpeak it,  ( 21 ) it, are exaaly like a Jerkin and a Jerkin's Lining-Rumple the one, you Rumple the other:" And as to my Lord Verulam, "Smell- fungus in his Hiftory of England reprefents his Lordfhip's Chappo, as fimilar to what now covers the Noddle of your humble Ser- vant." In the Neighbourhood of Louifville I con- tinued upwards of two Months ; thofe with whom I affociated, were affable and humane : The Stranger here may confider himfelf as at Home-for fuch is the extreme Hofpitality of the People, that unknown to their Gueft, they will confer, or rather impofe Ads of Be- neficence, which cannot be refufed without Rudenefs. March 4th. 1791. Proceeded down the Ohio in Company with a Frenchman, who was taking his American Wife and Children along with him to Langue la Graife, or, the Greafy Bent ; now called by the Spaniards Neuvo Madrid, on the Weftern Side of the Mifzfippz. The Governor of Penfacola fays, that the Etymology of Langue la Grazfe ori- ginates from the Rivers forming an extenfive Curve; where, upon the firft Settlement of the Place, great Quantities of Bear-Meat were ftored up for the Ufe of the Garrifon and the ( 21 ) it, are exadly like a Jerkin and a Jerkin's Lining-Rumple the one, you Rumple the other:" And as to my Lord Verulam, "Smell- fungus in his Hiftory of England reprefents his Lordfhip's Chappo, as fimilar to what now covers the Noddle of your humble Ser- vant." In the Neighbourhood of Louzfville I con- tinued upwards of two Months ; thofe with whom I affociated, were affable and humane : The Stranger here may confider himfelf as at Home-for fuch is the extreme Hofpitality of the People, that unknown to their Gueft, they will confer, or rather impofe Ads of Be- neficence, which cannot be refufed without Rudenefs. March 4th. 1791. Proceeded down the Ohio in Company with a Frenchman, who was taking his American Wife and Children along with him to Langue la Grazfe, or, the Greafy Bent ; now called by the Spaniards Neuvo Madrid, on the Weftern Side of the Mjfzfippz. The Governor of Penfacola fays, that the Etymology of Langue la Grazfe ori- ginates from the Rivers forming an extenfive Curve; where, upon the firft Settlement of the Place, great Quantities of Bear-Meat were ftored up for the Ufe of the Garrifon and the ( 21 ) it, are exadly like a Jerkin and a Jerkin's Lining-Rumple the one, you Rumple the other:" And as to my Lord Verulam, "Smell- fungus in his Hiftory of England reprefents his Lordfhip's Chappo, as fimilar to what now covers the Noddle of your humble Ser- vant." In the Neighbourhood of Louifville I con- tinued upwards of two Months ; thofe with whom I affociated, were affable and humane : The Stranger here may confider himfelf as at Home-for fuch is the extreme Hofpitality of the People, that unknown to their Gueft, they will confer, or rather impofe Ads of Be- neficence, which cannot be refufed without Rudenefs. March 4th. 1791. Proceeded down the Ohio in Company with a Frenchman, who was taking his American Wife and Children along with him to Langue la Grazfe, or, the Greafy Bent ; now called by the Spaniards Neuvo Madrid, on the Weftern Side of the Mifzfippi. The Governor of Penfacola fays, that the Etymology of Langue la Graiffe ori- ginates from the Rivers forming an extenfive Curve; where, upon the firft Settlement of the Place, great Quantities of Bear-Meat were ftored up for the Ufe of the Garrifon and the  ( 22 ) the French and Spanh Navigators up and down the Mfifffippi which Meat is of a very oleofe Quality; though in my Opinion, the Greafinefs of the Soil, with the Devexity of the River, fufficiently juftify the Epithet. During our Paffage from Louifville to this Place, we were frequently alarmed at the hof- tile Appearance of Indians on both Sides of the Ohio and M iffppi; fufpe6ing our Num- bers to be fuperiour to their own, they were deterred from coming againft us in Force ; which had they done, we fhould have fallen Vidims without a Poffibility of Efcape to their mercilefs Barbarity. March 12th. 1791. Breakfafted and dined with Sigzior Pedro Foucher, Commandant at Neuvo Madrid. The Garrifon confift of about Ninety Men, who are well fupplied with Food and Raiment ; they have an excellent Train of Artillery, which appears to be their chief Defence-Two Regular Companies of Mufqueteers with charged Bayonets might take this Place. Of this Opinion is the Com- mandant himfelf, who complains that he is not fufficiently fupported-He is a Creole of French Extradtion, of Patagonian Size, po- lite in his Manners, and of a moft noble Prefence. On the Evening of this Day em- barked ( 22 ) the French and Spanih Navigators up and down the Mjzfiffi, which Meat is of a very oleofe Quality ; though in my Opinion, the Greafinefs of the Soil, with the Devexity of the River, fufficiently juftify the Epithet. During our Paffage from Louifville to this Place, we were frequently alarmed at the hof- tile Appearance of Indians on both Sides of the Ohio and Miffti; fufpelting our Num- bers to be fuperiour to their own, they were deterred from coming againft us in Force ; which had they done, we fhould have fallen Victims without a Poffibility of Efcape to their mercilefs Barbarity. March 12th. 1791. Breakfafted and dined with Signior Pedro Foucher, Commandant at Neuvo Madrid. The Garrifon confift of about Ninety Men, who are well fupplied with Food and Raiment ; they have an excellent Train of Artillery, which appears to be their chief Defence-Two Regular Companies of Mufqueteers with charged Bayonets might take this Place. Of this Opinion is the Com- mandant himfelf, who complains that he is not fufficiently fupported-He is a Creole of French Extra&ion, of Patagonian Size, po- lite in his Manners, and of a moft noble Prefence. On the Evening of this Day em- barked ( 22 ) the French and Spani/h Navigators up and down the Mzfifppi, which Meat is of a very oleofe Quality ; though in my Opinion, the Greafinefs of the Soil, with the Devexity of the River, fufficiently juftify the Epithet. During our Paffage from Louifville to this Place, we were frequently alarmed at the hof- tile Appearance of Indians on both Sides of the Ohio and Mizifppi; fufpe&ing our Num- bers to be fuperiour to their own, they were deterred from coming againft us in Force ; which had they done, we fihould have fallen Vidtims without a Poffibility of Efcape to their mercilefs Barbarity. March 12th. 1791. Breakfafted and dined with Signior Pedro Foucher, Commandant at Neuvo Madrid. The Garrifon confift of about Ninety Men, who are well fupplied with Food and Raiment ; they have an excellent Train of Artillery, which appears to be their chief Defence-Two Regular Companies of Mufqueteers with charged Bayonets might take this Place. Of this Opinion is the Com- mandant himfelf, who complains that he is not fufficiently fupported-He is a Creole of French Extraction, of Patagonian Size, po- lite in his Manners, and of a moft noble Prefence. On the Evening of this Day em- barked  ( 23 ) barked in a Boat called the Smoke-Houfe, bound to New Orleans, and anchored on the Georgian Shore, about Thirty Miles below Madrid. r3th. Setting at the Veffel's Head I ef- pied about a Dozen Fowls as large as Mufco- vite Ducks, of a bluifh grey Colour, with remarkable fhort Necks, the Name of which no one on Board knew, as never having feen any of the Kind before, though they had long been accuftomed to the Navigation of the Mifififfi, and vifited moft Parts of the habitable Globe. An Hibernian on Board fwore that from the fhortnefs of their Necks they were either Cygnets or young Cranes ; for that the old Ones had Necks ten Times as long. 14th. The Trees on the Margin of the River in Verdue. At 9 o'Clock encounted a Congeries of Aiots and paffed the firft Chzickafaw Bluff, where the River is about Five Hundred Yards wide-At 12 o'Clock we loft Sight of Monfieur's Boat in a ftrong Gale of Wind-8 o'Clock at Night one of Mr. Craig's Tobacco Boats, with Forty Hogf- heads of Tobacco, and a large Quantity of Flour and Plank paffed us whilft we lay in Harbour, fhe had loft her Rudder and fprung a Leak ( 23 ) barked in a Boat called the Smoke-Houfe, bound to New Orleans, and anchored on the Georgian Shore, about Thirty Miles below Madrid. 13th. Setting at the Veffel's Head I ef- pied about a Dozen Fowls as large as Mufco- vite Ducks, of a bluifh grey Colour, with remarkable fhort Necks, the Name of which no one on Board knew, as never having feen any of the Kind before, though they had long been accuftomed to the Navigation of the Milfififfi, and vifited moft Parts of the habitable Globe. An Hibernian on Board fwore that from the fhortnefs of their Necks they were either Cygnets or young Cranes ; for that the old Ones had Necks ten Times as long. 14th. The Trees on the Margin of the River in Verdue. At 9 o'Clock encounted a Congeries of Aiots and paffed the firft Chickafaw Bluff, where the River is about Five Hundred Yards wide-At 12 o'Clock we loft Sight of Monfzeur's Boat in a ftrong Gale of Wind-8 o'Clock at Night one of Mr. Craig's Tobacco Boats, with Forty Hogf- heads of Tobacco, and a large Quantity of Flour and Plank paffed us whilft we lay in Harbour, fhe had loft her Rudder and fprung a Leak ( 23 ) barked in a Boat called the Smoke-Houfe, bound to New Orleans, and anchored on the Georgian Shore, about Thirty Miles below Madrid. 13th. Setting at the Veffel's Head I ef- pied about a Dozen Fowls as large as Mufco- vite Ducks, of a bluifh grey Colour, with remarkable fhort Necks, the Name of which no one on Board knew, as never having feen any of the Kind before, though they had long been accuftomed to the Navigation of the Mzffifippi, and vifited moft Parts of the habitable Globe. An Hibernian on Board fwore that from the fhortnefs of their Necks they were either Cygnets or young Cranes ; for that the old Ones had Necks ten Times as long. 14th. The Trees on the Margin of the River in Verdue. At 9 o'Clock encounted a Congeries of Aiots and paffed the firft Chickafaw Bluff, where the River is about Five Hundred Yards wide-At 12 o'Clock we loft Sight of Monfieur's Boat in a ftrong Gale of Wind-8 o'Clock at Night one of Mr. Craig's Tobacco Boats, with Forty Hogf- heads of Tobacco, and a large Quantity of Flour and Plank paffed us whilft we lay in Harbour, fhe had loft her Rudder and fprung a Leak  ( 24 ) a Leak. In this Situation, with only three Hands on Board, they implored our Aid, which through prudential Motives was de- nied. 15th. At Sunrife efpied the Frenchman's Boat in good Harbour and uninjured ; but different was the Fate of Mr. Craigs, which had fprung a Leak in her Bow and appeared to be ftranded oppofite to the fecond Chick- afaw Bluff, where the River is about Four Hundred Yards wide. At 9 o'Clock we viewed the third Chichefaw Bluff, oppofite to the Bayone St. fohn, where the River is not quite Four Hundred Yards wide. The Colours of this Bluff are white, red, yellow, blue, grey, black, brown, purple, &c. Here the Chickafaws once had a fmall Pottery- Upon this Bluff is the moft eligible Situation for a Town which I have as yet feen on the Banks of the Miffifipp.-Juft under this Bluff, within fix Feet of the Shore, a fieft Rate Man of War might ride in Safety, un- affailed by Winds, &c. At the upper End of this Bluff is an old Blockhoufe, built by a Captain Befheare's Company, who had the Convoy of military Stores for the Chickafaws, which they depofited therein, until they could procure the Affiftance of additional and frefh Hands. From the lower End of this Bluff, ( 24 ) a Leak. In this Situation, with only three Hands on Board, they implored our Aid, which through prudential Motives was de- nied. 15th. At Sunrife efpied the Frenchman's Boat in good Harbour and uninjured ; but different was the Fate of Mr. Craigs, which had fprung a Leak in her Bow and appeared to be ftranded oppofite to the fecond Chick- afaw Bluff, where the River is about Four Hundred Yards wide. At 9 o'Clock we viewed the third Chickefaw Bluff, oppofite to the Bayone St. john, where the River is not quite Four Hundred Yards wide. The Colours of this Bluff are white, red, yellow, blue, grey, black, brown, purple, &c. Here the Chickafaws once had a fmall Pottery- Upon this Bluff is the moft eligible Situation for a Town which I have as yet feen on the Banks of the Miffifipfi.-Juft under this Bluff, within fix Feet of the Shore, a fift Rate Man of War might ride in Safety, un- affailed by Winds, &c. At the upper End of this Bluff is an old Blockhoufe, built by a Captain Befheare's Company, who had the Convoy of military Stores for the Chickafaws, which they depofited therein, until they could procure the Affiftance of additional and frefh Hands. From the lower End of this Bluff, ( 24 ) a Leak. In this Situation, with only three Hands on Board, they implored our Aid, which through prudential Motives was de- nied. 15th. At Sunrife efpied the Frenchman's Boat in good Harbour and uninjured ; but different was the Fate of Mr. Crazgs, which had fprung a Leak in her Bow and appeared to be ftranded oppofite to the fecond Chick- afaw Bluff, where the River is about Four Hundred Yards wide. At 9 o'Clock we viewed the third Chickefaw Bluff, oppofite to the Bayone St. fohn, where the River is not quite Four Hundred Yards wide. The Colours of this Bluff are white, red, yellow, blue, grey, black, brown, purple, &c. Here the Chickafaws once had a fmall Pottery- Upon this Bluff is the mot eligible Situation for a Town which I have as yet feen on the Banks of the Mzffifipi.-Juft under this Bluff, within fix Feet of the Shore, a firft Rate Man of War might ride in Safety, un- affailed by Winds, &c. At the upper End of this Bluff is an old Blockhoufe, built by a Captain Befheare's Company, who had the Convoy of military Stores for the Chickafaws, which they depofited therein, until they could procure the Affiftance of additional and frefh Hands. From the lower End of this Bluff,  ( 25 ) Bluff, the River fuddenly opens to the ama- zing width of four, five and fixth Miles. Upon Examination, I find our Crew confift of one Iri/hman, one Anfpacher, one Kentuc- kean, one Perfon born on Sea, one Virginian, and one Welchman; fix Total. At 12 o'Clock came on a violent Storm, which w1h Difficulty we evited, by exerting every Nerve to gain the Shore. March 17th. 1791. The Irzlhman in Ho- nour of St. Patrick, purloined all our Bran- dy, Sugar and Eggs to make a Tub of Egg- Nog, of which he drank fo copioufly, that whilft at the Helm, he infenfibly run the Veffel into a ftrong Eddy, to get her out of which, employed all Hands in hard Labour the Balance of the Day. March 18th. At Sunrife came on a flight Snow, which formed a curious Contraft to the Verdure of the Trees-All the Afternoon of this Day we run due North. 19th. At 8 o'Clock we run due South- All this Day the Weather was intenfely cold, the Wind blowing from North. About Noon fix Indians of the Cha~aw Nation came on Board and prefented us with two Strings of jerked Venifon, for which we in Return gave C them ( 25 ) Bluff, the River fuddenly opens to the ama- zing width of four, five and fixth Miles. Upon Examination, I find our Crew confift of one Iri/hman, one Anfpacher, one Kentuc- kean, one Perfon born on Sea, one Virginian, and one Welchman; fix Total. At 12 o'Clock came on a violent Storm, which wih Difficulty we evited, by exerting every Nerve to gain the Shore. March 17th. 1791. The Irifhman in Ho- nour of St. Patrick, purloined all our Bran- dy, Sugar and Eggs to make a Tub of Egg- Nog, of which he drank fo copioufly, that whilft at the Helm, he infenfibly run the Veffel into a ftrong Eddy, to get her out of which, employed all Hands in hard Labour the Balance of the Day. March 18th. At Sunrife came on a flight Snow, which formed a curious Contraft to the Verdure of the Trees-All the Afternoon of this Day we run due North. 19th. At 8 o'Clock we run due South- All this Day the Weather was intenfely cold, the Wind blowing from North. About Noon fix Indians of the Chaaw Nation came on Board and prefented us with two Strings of jerked Venifon, for which we in Return gave C them ( 25 ) Bluff, the River fuddenly opens to the ama- zing width of four, five and fixth Miles. Upon Examination, I find our Crew confift of one Iri/hman, one Anfpacher, one Kentuc- kean, one Perfon born on Sea, one Virginian, and one Welchman; fix Total. At 12 o'Clock came on a violent Storm, which wIth Difficulty we evited, by exerting every Nerve to gain the Shore. March 17th. 1791. The Irihman in Ho- nour of St. Patrick, purloined all our Bran- dy. Sugar and Eggs to make a Tub of Egg- Nog, of which he drank fo copioufly, that whilft at the Helm, he infenfibly run the Veffel into a ftrong Eddy, to get her out of which, employed all Hands in hard Labour the Balance of the Day. March 18th. At Sunrife came on a flight Snow, which formed a curious Contraft to the Verdure of the Trees-All the Afternoon of this Day we run due North. 19th. At 8 o'Clock we run due South- All this Day the Weather was intenfely cold, the Wind blowing from North. About Noon fix Indians of the Chaiaw Nation came on Board and prefented us with two Strings of jerked Venifon, for which we in Return gave C them  ( 26 ) them fix Pound of Bacon and a Peck of Salt, which they pronounced to be very good. At t o'Clock we were hailed by a Pennfylvanian and a Lad in a Peroch, laden with Bear and Buffaloe Meat, taken on the St. Francis Ri- ver, and bound up the Ofargue River, where there is a Settlement of Thirty Families about Thirty Miles from its Mouth. At 3 o'Clk overtaken by two Boats laden with Flour and Tobacco. 20th. At Sunrife drew up a Kitten of about Twenty lbs. Weight, which with the Help of GOD and an Iri/A Cook, we made into moft excellent Broth. At 9 o'Clock came up with two large Pittfurg Boats at Anchor laden with Flour, on the Shore, oppofite to which, was a Concourfe of Ofargue Indians. An old Man among them was in Mourning, having his Face blacken'd over with a Com- mixture of Bear's Oil, Charcoal and Turpen- tine: Juft under his Jowls were two Streaks of red and white, which ran parallel to each other-The Indian Ladies very innocently difplayed their Navels, and the curious Eye might have explored other Parts which civi- lized Nations induftrioufly conceal. Twenty Miles up the Ofargue River are their Wig- wams, oppofite to which, on the Eaftern Side, is a SpaniA Garrifon of Twenty-nine Men- The ( 26 ) them fix Pound of Bacon and a Peck of Salt, which they pronounced to be very good. At i o'Clock we were hailed by a Pennfylvanian and a Lad in a Peroch, laden with Bear and Buffaloe Meat, taken on the St. Francis Ri- ver, and bound up the Ofargue River, where there is a Settlement of Thirty Families about Thirty Miles from its Mouth. At 3 o'Clik overtaken by two Boats laden with Flour and Tobacco. 20th. At Sunrife drew up a Kitten of about Twenty lbs. Weight, which with the Help of GOD and an IrzfA Cook, we made into moft excellent Broth. At 9 o'Clock came up with two large Pittfburg Boats at Anchor laden with Flour, on the Shore, oppofite to which, was a Concourfe of Ofargue Indians. An old Man among them was in Mourning, having his Face blacken'd over with a Com- mixture of Bear's Oil, Charcoal and Turpen- tine: Juft under his Jowls were two Streaks of red and white, which ran parallel to each other-The Indian Ladies very innocently difplayed their Navels, and the curious Eye might have explored other Parts which civi- lized Nations induftrioufly conceal. Twenty Miles up the Ofargue River are their Wig- wams, oppofite to which, on the Eaftern Side, is a Spani/h Garrifon of Twenty-nine Men- The ( 26 ) them fix Pound of Bacon and a Peck of Salt, which they pronounced to be very good. At t o'Clock we were hailed by a Pennfylvanian and a Lad in a Peroch, laden with Bear and Buffaloe Meat, taken on the St. Francis Ri- ver, and bound up the Ofargue River, where there is a Settlement of Thirty Families about Thirty Miles from its Mouth. At 3 o'CI&k overtaken by two Boats laden with Flour and Tobacco. 20th. At Sunrife drew up a Kitten of about Twenty lbs. Weight, which with the Help of GoD and an Irz/A Cook, we made into moft excellent Broth. At 9 o'Clock came up with two large Pittfburg Boats at Anchor laden with Flour, on the Shore, oppofite to which, was a Concourfe of Ofargue Indians. An old Man among them was in Mourning, having his Face blacken'd over with a Com- mixture of Bear's Oil, Charcoal and Turpen- tine: Juft under his Jowls were two Streaks of red and white, which ran parallel to each other-The Indian Ladies very innocently difplayed their Navels, and the curious Eye might have explored other Parts which civi- lized Nations induftrioufly conceal. Twenty Miles up the Ofargue River are their Wig- wams, oppofite to which, on the Eaftern Side, is a Spanzfk Garrifon of Twenty-nine Men- The  ( 27 ) The Place is high, well watered, and as yet the Garrifon have experienced no Sicknefs. 2ift. At 8 o'Clock deferied a Keel bot- tom'd Boat with a fquare Sail, bound to New Madrid-Her Progrefs under a fair Wind was at the Rate of two and a half Miles per Hour, which might have been accelerated by the Addition of Oars. At ten o'Clock en- tered a narrow Part of the Miffifti, where it is not more than Two Hundred Yards wide. At 12 o'Clock difcovered another Keel bot- tom'd Boat, deftined to the fame Place with the former. At Sunfet, three of Mr. Craig's Tobacco Boats came up with us whilft we lay in Harbour, the fourth being ftill under the Command of the Rear Admiral, whofe Intrepidity hath often endangered his Veffel by oppofing the poor Planters and Sawyers, who have taken up their Refidence in this fpacious River. It is fhrewdly fufpeted that the Rear Admiral will be tried by a Board of Dons, fo foon as he makes the Port of Natchez. 22d. At Sunrife, efpied a Veffel of Ge- neral Wilkinfon's, under the Command of Captain Swaine, bound to New Orleans-At 8 o'Clock we had in View fix Sail of the Line. ( 27 ) The Place is high, well watered, and as yet the Garrifon have experienced no Sicknefs. 2 ft. At 8 o'Clock deferied a Keel bot- tom'd Boat with a fquare Sail, bound to New Madrid-Her Progrefs under a fair Wind was at the Rate of two and a half Miles per Hour, which might have been accelerated by the Addition of Oars. At ten o'Clock en- tered a narrow Part of the Mijf/ifi, where it is not more than Two Hundred Yards wide. At 12 o'Clock difcovered another Keel bot- tom'd Boat, deftined to the fame Place with the former. At Sunfet, three of Mr. Craig's Tobacco Boats came up with us whilft we lay in Harbour, the fourth being ftill under the Command of the Rear Admiral, whofe Intrepidity hath often endangered his Veffel by oppofing the poor Planters and Sawyers, who have taken up their Refidence in this fpacious River. It is fhrewdly fufpeaed that the Rear Admiral will be tried by a Board of Dons, fo foon as he makes the Port of Natchez. 22d. At Sunrife, efpied a Veffel of Ge- neral Wilkinfon's, under the Command of Captain Swaine, bound to New Orleans-At 8 o'Clock we had in View fix Sail of the Line. ( 27 ) The Place is high, well watered, and as yet the Garrifon have experienced no Sicknefs. 21 ft. At 8 o'Clock defcried a Keel bot- tom'd Boat with a fquare Sail, bound to New Madrid-Her Progrefs under a fair Wind was at the Rate of two and a half Miles per Hour, which might have been accelerated by the Addition of Oars. At ten o'Clock en- tered a narrow Part of the Maiffipi, where it is not more than Two Hundred Yards wide. At 12 o'Clock difcovered another Keel bot- tom'd Boat, deftined to the fame Place with the former. At Sunfet, three of Mr. Crazg's Tobacco Boats came up with us whilft we lay in Harbour, the fourth being fill under the Command of the Rear Admiral, whofe Intrepidity hath often endangered his Veffel by oppofing the poor Planters and Sawyers, who have taken up their Refidence in this fpacious River. It is fhrewdly fufpeded that the Rear Admiral will be tried by a Board of Dons, fo foon as he makes the Port of Natchez. 22d. At Sunrife, efpied a Veffel of Ge- neral Wilkinfon's, under the Command of Captain Swaine, bound to New Orleans-At 8 o'Clock we had in View fix Sail of the Line. C2 22d. C2 22d. C2 22d.  ( 28 ) 23d. At 12 o'Clock we ran North Weft- wardly-Here the Miffifippi forms on the Spanzyl Side an exalt Refemblance of an Horfe Shoe. 24th. At Break of Day efpied the Wal- nut Hills about ten Miles below the Yafous River, which his Catholic Majefty limits as his Boundary, and below which, his Vice- gerents fay, that Citizens of the United States fhall not inhabit, unlefs they throw them- felves under the Laws, Banners and Protec- tion of the King of Spain. At io o'Clock efpied a Shingle roofed Houfe, occupied by a Family of New-Yorkers-Near this Spot the Governor of the Natchez hath fixed upon an Eminence for the Ereation of a Fort. The Family informed, that the intended Garrifon were at the Natchez, taking in military Stores and Provifion. The River oppofite to the intended Fort is about Six hundred Yards wide. Whoever undertakes a Def- cription of the Walnut Hills, muft have a fertile Imagination, be happy at Landfcape Painting, and ufe Something like Romance, or he will fall infinitely fhort of that Eulo- gium which the Place fo juftly merits. 23d. At Sunrife, faw two fmall Houfes on the Eaftern Side of the River upon a beau- tiful ( 28 ) 23d. At 12 o'Clock we ran North Weft- wardly-Here the Mifijppi forms on the Spani/k Side an exad Refemblance of an Horfe Shoe. 24th. At Break of Day efpied the Wal- nut Hills about ten Miles below the Yajous River, which his Catholic Majefty limits as his Boundary, and below which, his Vice- gerents fay, that Citizens of the United States fhall not inhabit, unlefs they throw them- felves under the Laws, Banners and Protec- tion of the King of Spain. At 1o o'Clock efpied a Shingle roofed Houfe, occupied by a Family of New-Yorkers-Near this Spot the Governor of the Natchez hath fixed upon an Eminence for the Ere6tion of a Fort. The Family informed, that the intended Garrifon were at the Natchez, taking in military Stores and Provifion. The River oppofite to the intended Fort is about Six hundred Yards wide. Whoever undertakes a Def- cription of the Walnut Hills, muft have a fertile Imagination, be happy at Landfcape Painting, and ufe Something like Romance, or he will fall infinitely fhort of that Eulo- gium which the Place fo juftly merits. 23d. At Sunrife, faw two fmall Houfes on the Eaftern Side of the River upon a beau- tiful ( 28 ) 23d. At 12 o'Clock we ran North Weft- wardly-Here the Mi/ifippi forms on the Spanz Side an exa& Refemblance of an Horfe Shoe. 24th. At Break of Day efpied the Wal- nut Hills about ten Miles below the Yajous River, which his Catholic Majefty limits as his Boundary, and below which, his Vice- gerents fay, that Citizens of the United States fhall not inhabit, unlefs they throw them- felves under the Laws, Banners and Protec- tion of the King of Spain. At 1o o'Clock efpied a Shingle roofed Houfe, occupied by a Family of New-Yorkers-Near this Spot the Governor of the Natchez hath fixed upon an Eminence for the Ereaion of a Fort. The Family informed, that the intended Garrifon were at the Natchez, taking in military Stores and Provifion. The River oppofite to the intended Fort is about Six hundred Yards wide. Whoever undertakes a Def- cription of the Walnut Hills, munt have a fertile Imagination, be happy at Landfcape Painting, and ufe Something like Romance, or he will fall infinitely fhort of that Eulo- gium which the Place fo juftly merits. 23d. At Sunrife, faw two fmall Houfes on the Eaftern Side of the River upon a beau- tiful  ( 29 ) tiful Eminence, from whence runs off a great Extent of very level fertile Ground : The Eminencies refemble the round Hills of Staf- ford County, in the Northern Neck of Vir- ginia. At 2 o'Clock I went on Board the Governor of Natchez' Barge, his Name is Gayofo. Here I was regaled with delicious Nuts and excellent Wines. This Gentle- man has a majeftic Deportment, foftened by Manners the moft engaging and polite. Hav- ing been brought up at the Court of London, he is well acquainted with the Etiquette of Mortals who move in the more exalted and fplendid Scenes of Life. He had in Com- pany with him two Vidlualling Boats and an armed Schooner, laden with military Stores. I could not afcertain their Deftination, tho' it was probably to the Walnut Hills. His Soldiery including Mariners and Mechanics, did not exceed one Hundred Men. Dodor O'Fallan, Agent for the Yafous Company, ardently pants for the Cultivation of this de- licious Soil ; but by Connoifeurs, it is fhrewd- ly conjeftured, that having pitched his Tent in the Grotto of Mifs Clarke, his Ardency, like his Conftitution, will turn into down- right Frigidity. 24th. At Sunrife, we fhot the Grand Gulph, oppofite to which, on either Side, the ( 29 ) tiful Eminence, from whence runs off a great Extent of very level fertile Ground : The Eminencies refemble the round Hills of Staf- ford County, in the Northern Neck of Vir- ginia. At 2 o'Clock I went on Board the Governor of Natchez' Barge, his Name is Gayofo. Here I was regaled with delicious Nuts and excellent Wines. This Gentle- man has a majeftic Deportment, foftened by Manners the moft engaging and polite. Hav- ing been brought up at the Court of London, he is well acquainted with the Etiquette of Mortals who move in the more exalted and fplendid Scenes of Life. He had in Com- pany with him two Viftualling Boats and an armed Schooner, laden with military Stores. I could not afcertain their Deftination, tho' it was probably to the Walnut Hills. His Soldiery including Mariners and Mechanics, did not exceed one Hundred Men. Doaor O'Fallan, Agent for the Yafous Company, ardently pants for the Cultivation of this de- licious Soil ; but by Connoifeurs, it is fihrewd- ly conjeaured, that having pitched his Tent in the Grotto of Mifs Clarke, his Ardency, like his Conftitution, will turn into down- right Frigidity. 24th. At Sunrife, we fhot the Grand Gulph, oppofite to which, on either Side, the ( 29 ) tiful Eminence, from whence runs off a great Extent of very level fertile Ground : The Eminencies refemble the round Hills of Staf- ford County, in the Northern Neck of Vir- ginia. At 2 o'Clock I went on Board the Governor of Natchez' Barge, his Name is Gayofo. Here I was regaled with delicious Nuts and excellent Wines. This Gentle- man has a majeftic Deportment, foftened by Manners the moft engaging and polite. Hav- ing been brought up at the Court of London, he is well acquainted with the Etiquette of Mortals who move in the more exalted and fplendid Scenes of Life. He had in Com- pany with him two Vidtualling Boats and an armed Schooner, laden with military Stores. I could not afcertain their Deftination, tho' it was probably to the Walnut Hills. His Soldiery including Mariners and Mechanics, did not exceed one Hundred Men. Dodor O'Fallan, Agent for the Yafous Company, ardently pants for the Cultivation of this de- licious Soil ; but by Connoifeurs, it is fhrewd- ly conjedured, that having pitched his Tent in the Grotto of Mifs Clarke, his Ardency, like his Conftitution, will turn into down- right Frigidity. 24th. At Sunrife, we fhot the Grand Gulph, oppofite to which, on either Side, the  ( 30 ) the Cane grows to the enormous Height of Forty and fometimes Forty-five Feet. At 8 o'Clock an impervious Fog arofe, fo as to pre- vent a Difcovery of Sawyers and other Ob- ftacles not more than ten Feet from us. It might with Propriety have been called " Darknefs vifible." At 9 o'Clock paffed the Bayone Pierre, on the Banks of which are three fmall Houfes and about Thirty Acres of Ground under Cultivation-About ten Miles higher up the Country it is pretty thickly inhabited by Virginians, Carolineans, Georgians, and fome few Stragglers from the Eaftern States. 26th. At Sunrife came in Sight of the Town of Natchez, fituate on the Eaftern Bank of the River. It contains about an Hundred Houfes, and is the Metropolis of the Diftri& and Refidence of Don Gayofa, the Governor laft mentioned. In this Town and its Vicinage we continued about a Week. 27th. On Sunday I took a View of the Governor's Palace, as alfo of the Fort; which from its elevated Situation has a fine Com- mand of the River for about a Mile up, and double that Diftance down it: though I think it might be affailed with Succefs by a fingle ( 30 ) the Cane grows to the enormous Height of Forty and fometimes Forty-five Feet. At 8 o'Clock an impervious Fog arofe, fo as to pre- vent a Difcovery of Sawyers and other Ob- ftacles not more than ten Feet from us. It might with Propriety have been called " Darknefs vifible." At g o'Clock paffed the Bayone Pierre, on the Banks of which are three fmall Houfes and about Thirty Acres of Ground under Cultivation-About ten Miles higher up the Country it is pretty thickly inhabited by Virginians, Carolineans, Georgians, and fome few Stragglers from the Eaftern States. 26th. At Sunrife came in Sight of the Town of Natchez, fituate on the Eaftern Bank of the River. It contains about an Hundred Houfes, and is the Metropolis of the Diftria and Refidence of Don Gayojo, the Governor laft mentioned. In this Town and its Vicinage we continued about a Week. 27th. On Sunday I took a View of the Governor's Palace, as alfo of the Fort; which from its elevated Situation has a fine Com- mand of the River for about a Mile up, and double that Diftance down it: though I think it might be affailed with Succefs by a fingle ( 30 ) the Cane grows to the enormous Height of Forty and fometimes Forty-five Feet. At 8 o'Clock an impervious Fog arofe, fo as to pre- vent a Difcovery of Sawyers and other Ob- ftacles not more than ten Feet from us. It might with Propriety have been called " Darknefs vifible." At 9 o'Clock paffed the Bayone Pierre, on the Banks of which are three fmall Houfes and about Thirty Acres of Ground under Cultivation-About ten Miles higher up the Country it is pretty thickly inhabited by Virginians, Carolineans, Georgians, and fome few Stragglers from the Eaftern States. 26th. At Sunrife came in Sight of the Town of Natchez, fituate on the Eaftern Bank of the River. It contains about an Hundred Houfes, and is the Metropolis of the Diftri& and Refidence of Don Gayofo, the Governor laft mentioned. In this Town and its Vicinage we continued about a Week. 27th. On Sunday I took a View of the Governor's Palace, as alfo of the Fort ; which from its elevated Situation has a fine Com- mand of the River for about a Mile up, and double that Diftance down it : though I think it might be affailed with Succefs by a fingle  ( 31 ) fingle Regiment, or taken by Surprize with a lefs Number. The lying of the back Ground, and the Paucity and Infignificance of the Garrifon would favour either Plan. They have a good Train of Artillery, though very injudicioufly arranged; the back Part of the Fort being pregnable to a Dozen Men. 28th. Paid a Vifit to Don Granfrey, Com- mandant of the Regular Forces throughout the Natchez Diftrid: he lives about Two Miles from Town. Here I was regaled with different Kinds of Fruits, Wines and Parmefan Cheefe, which were fucceedent to a very good fubftantial Dinner. Hofpitality and Urbanity prefided at his Board: His Lady is young, handfome and polite-His Vifitants confifted of five reputable Gentle- men and three Ladies. One of the Gentle- men fpoke the Enghzk and Spanzfa Languages with great Propriety and Eafe. Him we fixed upon as Linguift to the Company, and through whom we carried on a brifk and chear- ful Converfation. The Spanilz Gentlemen and Ladies with whom I had an Opportunity of converfing, do not poffefs that Aufterity and Referve, which are fo generally afcribed to their Nation. The Charader of the Spaniards is thus drawn by the celebrated Mr. ( 31 ) fingle Regiment, or taken by Surprize with a lefs Number. The lying of the back Ground, and the Paucity and Infignificance of the Garrifon would favour either Plan. They have a good Train of Artillery, though very injudicioufly arranged; the back Part of the Fort being pregnable to a Dozen Men. 28th. Paid a Vifit to Don Granfrey, Com- mandant of the Regular Forces throughout the Natchez Diftri&: he lives about Two Miles from Town. Here I was regaled with different Kinds of Fruits, Wines and Parmefan Cheefe, which were fucceedent to a very good fubftantial Dinner. Hofpitality and Urbanity prefided at his Board: His Lady is young, handfome and polite-His Vifitants confifted of five reputable Gentle- men and three Ladies. One of the Gentle- men fpoke the Engljh and SpanzfA Languages with great Propriety and Eafe. Him we fixed upon as Linguift to the Company, and through whom we carried on a brifk and chear- ful Converfation. The Spanzyk Gentlemen and Ladies with whom I had an Opportunity of converfing, do not poffefs that Aufterity and Referve, which are fo generally afcribed to their Nation. The Chara&er of the Spaniards is thus drawn by the celebrated Mr. ( 31 ) fingle Regiment, or taken by Surprize with a lefs Number. The lying of the back Ground, and the Paucity and Infignificance of the Garrifon would favour either Plan. They have a good Train of Artillery, though very injudicioufly arranged; the back Part of the Fort being pregnable to a Dozen Men. 28th. Paid a Vifit to Don Granfrey, Com- mandant of the Regular Forces throughout the Natchez Diftria: he lives about Two Miles from Town. Here I was regaled with different Kinds of Fruits, Wines and Parmefan Cheefe, which were fucceedent to a very good fubftantial Dinner. Hofpitality and Urbanity prefided at his Board: His Lady is young, handfome and polite-His Vifitants confifted of five reputable Gentle- men and three Ladies. One of the Gentle- men fpoke the Englhyh and Spanzf/ Languages with great Propriety and Eafe. Him we fixed upon as Linguift to the Company, and through whom we carried on a brifk and chear- ful Converfation. The Spanzih Gentlemen and Ladies with whom I had an Opportunity of converfing, do not poffefs that Aufterity and Referve, which are fo generally afcribed to their Nation. The Charader of the Spaniards is thus drawn by the celebrated Mr.  ( 32 ) Mr. Swinburne, after his late Travels through the Country. "The Catalans appear to be the moft ac- tive, ftirring Set of Men, the beft calculated for Bufinefs, Travelling and Manufaaures- The Valencians a more fullen, fedate Race, better adapted to the Occupations of Huf- bandry, lefs eager to change Place, and of a much more timid, fufpicious Caft of Mind than the former-The Andalufans feem to be the greateft Talkers and Rhodomontadoes of Spain-The Calilians have a manly Frank- nefs, and lefs Appearance of Cunning and Deceit-The New Calilians are perhaps the leaft induftrious of the whole Nation-The Old Caftilians are laborious, and retain more of antient Simplicity of Manner ; both are of a firm determined Spirit-The Arragonefe are a Mixture of the Caflilian and Catalan, rather incling to the former-The Bzfcayners are acute and diligent, fiery and impatient of Control, more refembling a Colony of Re- publicans, than a Province of an abfolute Monarchy-And the Galacians are a plod- ding Painftaking Race of Mortals, that roam over Spain in Search of an hardly earned Sub- fiftence." From this Defcription ; thofe with whom I converfed are certainly Caflilians, or of that Pedigree. ( 32 ) Mr. Swinburne, after his late Travels through the Country. "The Catalans appear to be the moft ac- tive, flirring Set of Men, the beft calculated for Bufinefs, Travelling and Manufaures- The Valencians a more fullen, fedate Race, better adapted to the Occupations of Huf- bandry, lefs eager to change Place, and of a much more timid, fufpicious Caft of Mind than the former-The Andalufians feem to be the greateft Talkers and Rhodomontadoes of Spain-The Caflilians have a manly Frank- nefs, and lefs Appearance of Cunning and Deceit-The New Caflilians are perhaps the leaft induftrious of the whole Nation-The Old Caflilians are laborious, and retain more of antient Simplicity of Manner ; both are of a firm determined Spirit-The Arragonefe are a Mixture of the Caflilian and Catalan, rather incling to the former-The Bifcayners are acute and diligent, fiery and impatient of Control, more refembling a Colony of Re- publicans, than a Province of an abfolute Monarchy-And the Galacians are a plod- ding Painftaking Race of Mortals, that roam over Spain in Search of an hardly earned Sub- fiftence." From this Defcription ; thofe with whom I converfed are certainly Caflilians, or of that Pedigree. ( 32 ) Mr. Swinburne, after his late Travels through the Country. "The Catalans appear to be the moft ac- tive, ftirring Set of Men, the heft calculated for Bufinefs, Travelling and Manufaaures- The Valencians a more fullen, fedate Race, better adapted to the Occupations of Huf- bandry, lefs eager to change Place, and of a much more timid, fufpicious Caft of Mind than the former-The Andalufans feem to be the greateft Talkers and Rhodomontadoes of Spain-The Caflilians have a manly Frank- nefs, and lefs Appearance of Cunning and Deceit-The New Cajlilians are perhaps the leaft induftrious of the whole Nation-The Old Caflilians are laborious, and retain more of antient Simplicity of Manner; both are of a firm determined Spirit-The Arragonefe are a Mixture of the Caflilian and Catalan, rather incling to the former-The Bzfcayners are acute and diligent, fiery and impatient of Control, more refembling a Colony of Re- publicans, than a Province of an abfolute Monarchy-And the Galacians are a plod- ding Painftaking Race of Mortals, that roam over Spain in Search of an hardly earned Sub- fiftence." From this Defcription ; thofe with whom I converfed are certainly Caflilians, or of that Pedigree.  ( 33 ) Pedigree. To Mr. Swinburne's Charater of the Nation I fhall have frequent Reference, as I fhall be much among them, and proba- bly fee Mortals anfwering each provincial Defcription. About fome ten or fifteen Miles above the Town of Natchez, lies the Settlement of the Bayoue Pierre-It compre- hends a Neighbourhood of about Thirty Miles in Length and Twenty Miles in Width, compofed generally of People who have moved, and ftill continue to move in elevated Stations, when compared to thofe, who, though now poffeffed of Wealth, ufhered in- to Life without the Advantages of Fortune, Family, or Education. 29th. At the Natchez I obferved an Ad- vertifement relating to a ftray Horfe, for the Setting up of which, the Owner was obliged to get the previous Sanaion of a Magiftrate. An Inhabitant under the Jurifdiaion of Spain may be faid to be, " Homo fine Spe, fine Sede, fine Re." The Soil of this Diftri& is better adapted to the Growing of Corn, Rice and Indigo, than of Tobacco, the Cultivation of which, is gradually falling into Difufe ; as an Ad- mittance of it into the King's Store is now D pofitively ( 33 ) Pedigree. To Mr. Swinburne's Charater of the Nation I (hall have frequent Reference, as I fhall be much among them, and proba- bly fee Mortals anfwering each provincial Defcription. About fome ten or fifteen Miles above the Town of Natchez, lies the Settlement of the Bayoue Pierre-It compre- hends a Neighbourhood of about Thirty Miles in Length and Twenty Miles in Width, compofed generally of People who have moved, and ftill continue to move in elevated Stations, when compared to thofe, who, though now poffeffed of Wealth, ufhered in- to Life without the Advantages of Fortune, Family, or Education. 29th. At the Natchez I obferved an Ad- vertifement relating to a ftray Horfe, for the Setting up of which, the Owner was obliged to get the previous Sandion of a Magiftrate. An Inhabitant under the Jurifdiation of Spain may be faid to be, " Homo fine Spe, fine Sede, fine Re." The Soil of this Diftria is better adapted to the Growing of Corn, Rice and Indigo, than of Tobacco, the Cultivation of which, is gradually falling into Difufe ; as an Ad- mittance of it into the King's Store is now D pofitively ( 33 ) Pedigree. To Mr. Swinburne's Charader of the Nation I fhall have frequent Reference, as I fhall be much among them, and proba- bly fee Mortals anfwering each provincial Defcription. About fome ten or fifteen Miles above the Town of Natchez, lies the Settlement of the Bayoue Pierre-It compre- hends a Neighbourhood of about Thirty Miles in Length and Twenty Miles in Width, compofed generally of People who have moved, and fill continue to move in elevated Stations, when compared to thofe, who, though now poffeffed of Wealth, ufhered in- to Life without the Advantages of Fortune, Family, or Education. 29th. At the Natchez I obferved an Ad- vertifement relating to a ftray Horfe, for the Setting up of which, the Owner was obliged to get the previous Sandion of a Magiftrate. An Inhabitant under the Jurifdiaion of Spain may be faid to be, "Homo fine Spe, fine Sede, fine Re." The Soil of this Diftri& is better adapted to the Growing of Corn, Rice and Indigo, than of Tobacco, the Cultivation of which, is gradually falling into Difufe; as an Ad- mittance of it into the King's Store is now D pofitively  ( 34 ) pofitively refufed, from fome political Mo- tives, which the Governor thinks himfelf under no Obligation to communicate ; though the prefent Crop was raifed under a Confi- dence repofed in his Promife, to receive and allow eight Dollars per Hundred for it. 3oth. At 1o o'Clock difcovered the Wreck of one of Mr. Craig's Tobacco Boats, which he had diredted to be got under Way. Into this Boat, exclufive of Tobacco, he had flowed a confiderable Quantity of Bacon, Butter, Flour and Plank-He loft almoft the whole. His Boatfmen (for whom he now no longer had Occafion) appeared to bear his., Lofs with great Compofure and Chriftian Fortitude. At 1 o'Clock moved from the Natchez, and in two Hours viewed the white Bluff on the Eaftern Side of the River. This Situation is Romantic and boafts a Gentle- man's Seat, near which lay three large To- bacco Boats unlaunched. Mr. Ellis, from Amelia County, of Virginia, refides at this Place. Here I difcovered the firft Pine Trees fince I croffed the Allegheny Mountains. 31ft. At 12 o'Clock paft Loftus's Bluff, where the River is about Two Hundred Yards wide. This Situation is beauteous, and has two Plantations on the fummit laid off in ob- long ( 34 ) pofitively refufed, from fome political Mo- tives, which the Governor thinks himfelf under no Obligation to communicate ; though the prefent Crop was raifed under a Confi- dence repofed in his Promife, to receive and allow eight Dollars per Hundred for it. 3oth. At 1o o'Clock difcovered the Wreck of one of Mr. Craig's Tobacco Boats, which he had direted to be got under Way. Into this Boat, exclufive of Tobacco, he had ftowed a confiderable Quantity of Bacon, Butter, Flour and Plank-He loft almoft the whole. His Boatfmen (for whom he now no longer had Occafion) appeared to bear his,, Lofs with great Compofure and Chriftian Fortitude. At 1 o'Clock moved from the Natchez, and in two Hours viewed the white Bluff on the Eaftern Side of the River. This Situation is Romantic and boafts a Gentle- man's Seat, near which lay three large To- bacco Boats unlaunched. Mr. Ellis, from Amelia County, of Virginia, refides at this Place. Here I difcovered the firft Pine Trees fince I croffed the Allegheny Mountains. 31ft. At 12 o'Clock paft Loftus's Bluff, where the River is about Two Hundred Yards wide. This Situation is beauteous, and has two Plantations on the fummit laid off in ob- long ( 34 ) pofitively refufed, from fome political Mo- tives, which the Governor thinks himfelf under no Obligation to communicate ; though the prefent Crop was raifed under a Confi- dence repofed in his Promife, to receive and allow eight Dollars per Hundred for it. 3oth. At 10 o'Clock difcovered the Wreck of one of Mr. Craig's Tobacco Boats, which he had direfted to be got under Way. Into this Boat, exclufive of Tobacco, he had (towed a confiderable Quantity of Bacon, Butter, Flour and Plank-He loft almoft the whole. His Boatfmen (for whom he now no longer had Occafion) appeared to bear his, Lofs with great Compofure and Chriftian Fortitude. At 1 o'Clock moved from the Natchez, and in two Hours viewed the white Bluff on the Eaftern Side of the River. This Situation is Romantic and boafts a Gentle- man's Seat, near which lay three large To- bacco Boats unlaunched. Mr. Ellis, from Amelia County, of Virginia, refides at this Place. Here I difcovered the firft Pine Trees fince I croffed the Allegheny Mountains. 31ft. At 12 o'Clock paft Loftus's Bluff, where the River is about Two Hundred Yards wide. This Situation is beauteous, and has two Plantations on the fummit laid off in ob- long  ( 35 ) long Squares, and a little Way below, a fine extenfive Meadow. At 3 o'Clock hailed by a Row Galley from New Orleans, bound to New Madrid. At 4 o'Clock efpied the Long Reach, where the Eye may take in an unin- terrupted Water Profpe& of Twenty-three Miles. At our Entrance into the Long Reach we viewed the Red River, about a Quarter of a Mile wide, on the Weftern Side of the Mzzfippi; and three Miles below it the Bayoue Chappaliere, which taking its Leave of this River, difembogues its gentle Stream into the Gulph of Mexico, feveral Leagues from the Mouths of the Miffifppi. April ift. At Sunrife we heard the Re- ville beaten on the Weftern Side of the River, where there is a fmall Spanzfh Garrifon. 2d. Hailed by two Perochs, one bound to the Natchez, the other to the Bayoue Pi- erre. For two Days paft we have been much harraffed by Mufguettoes-The poor Indians who go almoft naked, conftrudt an elevated Bed of Reeds, which they Suffumigate, fo as to banifh Infects of every Defeription from their Lodgements. Slight whitewafhed airy Buildings become more common on the Eaf- tern Side of the River, and are, in general, occupied by People from the United States. D 2 Here ( 35 ) long Squares, and a little Way below, a fine extenfive Meadow. At 3 o'Clock hailed by a Row Galley from New Orleans, bound to New Madrid. At 4 o'Clock efpied the Long Reach, where the Eye may take in an unin- terrupted Water Profpe& of Twenty-three Miles. At our Entrance into the Long Reach we viewed the Red River, about a Quarter of a Mile wide, on the Weftern Side of the Miifippi; and three Miles below it the Bayoue Chappaliere, which taking its Leave of this River, difembogues its gentle Stream into the Gulph of Mexico, feveral Leagues from the Mouths of the Miffifppi. April ift. At Sunrife we heard the Re- ville beaten on the Weftern Side of the River, where there is a fmall Spanijh Garrifon. 2d. Hailed by two Perochs, one bound to the Natchez, the other to the Bayoue Pi- erre. For two Days paft we have been much harraffed by Mufguettoes-The poor Indians who go almoft naked, conftrud an elevated Bed of Reeds, which they Suffumigate, fo as to banifh Infeas of every Defcription from their Lodgements. Slight whitewafhed airy Buildings become more common on the Eaf- tern Side of the River, and are, in general, occupied by People from the United States. D 2 Here ( 35 ) long Squares, and a little Way below, a fine extenfive Meadow. At 3 o'Clock hailed by a Row Galley from New Orleans, bound to New Madrid. At 4 o'Clock efpied the Long Reach, where the Eye may take in an unin- terrupted Water Profpet of Twenty-three Miles. At our Entrance into the Long Reach we viewed the Red River, about a Quarter of a Mile wide, on the Weftern Side of the Mzifippi; and three Miles below it the Bayoue Chappaliere, which taking its Leave of this River, difembogues its gentle Stream into the Gulph of Mexico, feveral Leagues from the Mouths of the Miffifppi. April ift. At Sunrife we heard the Re- ville beaten on the Weftern Side of the River, where there is a fmall SpanzA Garrifon. 2d. Hailed by two Perochs, one bound to the Natchez, the other to the Bayoue Pi- erre. For two Days pat we have been much harraffed by Mufguettoes-The poor Indians who go almoft naked, confirud an elevated Bed of Reeds, which they Suffumigate, fo as to banifh Infeas of every Defcription from their Lodgements. Slight whitewafhed airy Buildings become more common on the Eaf- tern Side of the River, and are, in general, occupied by People from the United States. D 2 Here  ( 36 ) Here are the mot delightful Profpeds that ever caught my View-On the Weftern Side there is a Meadow three Miles in Length and Half a Mile in Width, befet with Englhf/ Clover about eighteen Inches high, which depaftures about Three Hundred Head of Horfes, and an equal Number of horned Cattle. 3d. At io o'Clock viewed Point Coulee, a Village Twenty-one Miles in Length, though narrow, confifting of inferiour Build- ings, interfperfed now and then with dwelling Houfes, and Chapels of tolerable Elegance. At 4 o'Clock faw eight Country Seats on the Eaftern Bank, and at the lower End of fome high Bluffs, a large Building of extraordinary Workmanfhip, and a Dock-yard about Half a Mile below it. At 6 o'Clock viewed the Alexandrian Bluffs, from which on both Sides of the River there is a Continuation of beauteous Farms and elegant Buildings for the Diftance of Sixty-one Miles. The general Width of the River all this Day is about three Quarters of a Mile, or rather lefs. 4th. About Noon efpied the Suburbs of New Orleans, and at 2 o'Clock came abreaft of the City on the Eaftern Side of the River, in an Ifland formed by the Mizffiffi and the Bayoue ( 36 ) Here are the mot delightful Profpeas that ever caught my View-On the Weftern Side there is a Meadow three Miles in Length and Half a Mile in Width, befet with Engli/h Clover about eighteen Inches high, which depaftures about Three Hundred Head of Horfes, and an equal Number of horned Cattle. 3d. At io o'Clock viewed Point Coupee, a Village Twenty-one Miles in Length, though narrow, confifting of inferiour Build- ings, interfperfed now and then with dwelling Houfes, and Chapels of tolerable Elegance. At 4 o'Clock faw eight Country Seats on the Eaftern Bank, and at the lower End of fome high Bluffs, a large Building of extraordinary Workmanfhip, and a Dock-yard about Half a Mile below it. At 6 o'Clock viewed the Alexandrian Bluffs, from which on both Sides of the River there is a Continuation of beauteous Farms and elegant Buildings for the Diftance of Sixty-one Miles. The general Width of the River all this Day is about three Quarters of a Mile, or rather lefs. 4th. About Noon efpied the Suburbs of New Orleans, and at 2 o'Clock came abreaft of the City on the Eaftern Side of the River, in an Ifland formed by the Mizffiffi and the Bayoue ( 36 ) Here are the moft delightful Profpeas that ever caught my View-On the Weftern Side there is a Meadow three Miles in Length and Half a Mile in Width, befet with Engzf Clover about eighteen Inches high, which depaftures about Three Hundred Head of Horfes, and an equal Number of horned Cattle. 3d. At ro o'Clock viewed Point Coulee, a Village Twenty-one Miles in Length, though narrow, confifting of inferiour Build- ings, interfperfed now and then with dwelling Houfes, and Chapels of tolerable Elegance. At 4 o'Clock faw eight Country Seats on the Eaftern Bank, and at the lower End of fome high Bluffs, a large Building of extraordinary Workmanfhip, and a Dock-yard about Half a Mile below it. At 6 o'Clock viewed the Alexandrian Bluffs, from which on both Sides of the River there is a Continuation of beauteous Farms and elegant Buildings for the Diftance of Sixty-one Miles. The general Width of the River all this Day is about three Quarters of a Mile, or rather lefs. 4th. About Noon efpied the Suburbs of New Orleans, and at 2 o'Clock came abreaft of the City on the Eaftern Side of the River, in an Ifland formed by the Mzffz/iffi and the Bayoue  ( 37 ) Bayoue St. 7ohn. This City is the Refidence of Don Miro a Spanifk Viceroy, and Empo- rium of Louifzana and the Indian Territories dependent thereon-It lies in almoft an exalt Square. The Streets which are wide, and fome of them well paved with Brick, interfed each other at right Angles. The public Buildings are capacious and elegant. The private Houfes generally neat and commo- dious. Both Defcriptions lie compaat and cover a Space of Ground of rather more than Half a Mile fquare. As the Situation of New Orleans was originally Nothing more than an extenfive Morafs, and fubjea to the Inundation of the Miflifitti, it became ne- ceffary to exclude the Water, by conftruding Dikes from about ten to fifteen Feet in Height, and double that Meafure in Width. The fteady Exertions of many Hands were, and ftill are employed in the Bufinefs; notwith- ftanding which, the Dikes are fometimes broken through, and confiderable Damage fuftained by the Influx of Water into their Cellars, Gardens and lower Rooms. Along a fpacious Canal from the Bayoue St. john, to the Weftern Entrance of the City, both Fifh and Fowl of every Kind in great Abundance are brought to their Mar- ket; ( 37 ) Bayoue St. 7ohn. This City is the Refidence of Don Miro a Spanif Viceroy, and Empo- rium of Loui/iana and the Indian Territories dependent thereon-It lies in almoft an exalt Square. The Streets which are wide, and fome of them well paved with Brick, interfent each other at right Angles. The public Buildings are capacious and elegant. The private Houfes generally neat and commo- dious. Both Deferiptions lie compaat and cover a Space of Ground of rather more than Half a Mile fquare. As the Situation of New Orleans was originally Nothing more than an extenfive Morafs, and fubjeft to the Inundation of the MifffiI#, it became ne- ceffary to exclude the Water, by conftrueting Dikes from about ten to fifteen Feet in Height, and double that Meafure in Width. The Ready Exertions of many Hands were, and nill are employed in the Bufinefs; notwith- flanding which, the Dikes are fometimes broken through, and confiderable Damage fuftained by the Influx of Water into their Cellars, Gardens and lower Rooms. Along a fpacious Canal from the Bayoue St. 7john, to the Weftern Entrance of the City, both Fifh and Fowl of every Kind in great Abundance are brought to their Mar- ket; ( 37 ) Bayoue St. 7ohn. This City is the Refidence of Don Miro a SjpanzjA Viceroy, and Empo- rium of Louifiana and the Indian Territories dependent thereon-It lies in almoft an exad Square. The Streets which are wide, and fome of them well paved with Brick, interfea each other at right Angles. The public Buildings are capacious and elegant. The private Houfes generally neat and commo- dious. Both Defcriptions lie compaa and cover a Space of Ground of rather more than Half a Mile fquare. As the Situation of New Orleans was originally Nothing more than an extenfive Morafs, and fubjed to the Inundation of the Mzffffiz it became ne- ceffary to exclude the Water, by confruding Dikes from about ten to fifteen Feet in Height, and double that Meafure in Width. The fteady Exertions of many Hands were, and iill are employed in the Bufinefs; notwith- ftanding which, the Dikes are fometimes broken through, and confiderable Damage fuftained by the Influx of Water into their Cellars, Gardens and lower Rooms. Along a fpacious Canal from the Bayoue St. yohn, to the Weftern Entrance of the City, both Fifh and Fowl of every Kind in great Abundance are brought to their Mar- ket;  ( 38 ) ket; which is alfo well fupplied with frefh Meats from various other Quarters. April 7th. The French and Spanifk Sub- jeds of Louifiana, are ftria Romanipfs, and therefore, enthufiaftically fond of Pageantry in their religious Feftivals. This I can avouch from a Proceffion of Yefterday, when a crucified Redeemer was crucified afrefh, in being reprefented like a Felon, in the Habi- liment of a 7efuit. The Virgin-Mother was drefs'd out a-la-mode de Paris ; and Traitor Yudas, for political Reafons, appeared in the Regimental Uniform of a Spanijh Soldier, under Sentence of Death, for having divul- ged the Counterfign to the Enemy in Confi- deration of a Bribe. In this Proceffion, I obferved a young Ken- tuckean who had been educated in all the Strianefs of Prefbyterianifm, from which he had apoftatized, and embraced Anabaptifm and Methodifm, which he highly honoured, by ufing each Profeffion alternately, as Hy- pocrify might fuggeft. He was prefented with a waxen Candle, which he devotionally received ; and, like the Knight of the woeful Countenance, joined the cheating and the cheated Throng. The ( 38 ) ket; which is alfo well fupplied with frefh Meats from various other Quarters. April 7th. The French and Spanifk Sub- jeas of Louifiana, are ftria Romaniis, and therefore, enthufiaftically fond of Pageantry in their religious Feftivals. This I can avouch from a Proceffion of Yefterday, when a crucified Redeemer was crucified afrefh, in being reprefented like a Felon, in the Habi- liment of a 7efuit. The Virgin-Mother was drefs'd out a-la-mode de Paris ; and Traitor Yudas, for political Reafons, appeared in the Regimental Uniform of a SpanzA Soldier, under Sentence of Death, for having divul- ged the Counterfign to the Enemy in Confi- deration of a Bribe. In this Proceffion, I obferved a young Ken- luckean who had been educated in all the Strianefs of Prefbyterianifm, from which he had apoftatized, and embraced Anabaptifm and Methodifm, which he highly honoured, by ufing each Profeffion alternately, as Hy- pocrify might fuggeft. He was prefented with a waxen Candle, which he devotionally received ; and, like the Knight of the woeful Countenance, joined the cheating and the cheated Throng. The ( 38 ) ket; which is alfo well fupplied with frefh Meats from various other Quarters. April 7th. The French and Spanzih Sub- jeas of Louiiana, are ftria Romanzyis, and therefore, enthufiaftically fond of Pageantry in their religious Feftivals. This I can avouch from a Proceffion of Yefterday, when a crucified Redeemer was crucified afrefh, in being reprefented like a Felon, in the Habi- liment of a 7efui. The Virgin-Mother was drefs'd out a-la-mode de Paris ; and Traitor Yudas, for political Reafons, appeared in the Regimental Uniform of a Spani/k Soldier, under Sentence of Death, for having divul- ged the Counterfign to the Enemy in Confi- deration of a Bribe. In this Proceffion, I obferved a young Ken- tuckean who had been educated in all the Strianefs of Prefbyterianifm, from which he had apoftatized, and embraced Anabaptifm and Methodifm, which he highly honoured, by ufing each Profeffion alternately, as Hy- pocrify might fuggeft. He was prefented with a waxen Candle, which he devotionally received ; and, like the Knight of the woeful Countenance, joined the cheating and the cheated Throng. The  ( 39 ) On the Morning of the Proceffion, I planted myfelf near the Door of the Monaftry, and had a faint Glimpfe of the Nuns whilft they were adjusting their Capuchins. The Mo- naftery is near the Centre of the Town, and remarkable only for its Length, which if I miftake not, is about Two Hundred Feet. The Hospital is fituate in the Weftern Edge of the City, where Nothing interrupts its Ventilation from the Eaft, South and North ; but unfortunately, as if intended to banifh Chearfulnefs from its Manfions, the Priefts have laid off a Burial Ground, which is en- clofed on one Side by the Front Wall of the Building. The Chapel is in a ruinous State, and will not be repaired-A new one is ere&- ing, to which, all the internal Decorations of the Old will be transferred. Don Andrea, a Catalan, arrived in New Orleans about Twenty Years ago : " Propt on a Staff, deform'd with Age and Care, ' And hung with Rags that ftutter'd in the Air." For ten Years paft he hath been the richeft Subjea in Louzfiana or either of the Floridas. About three Years fince, he got difgufted with his Lady, againft whom he prayed and obtained a Divorce a Vinculo Matrimoniz; and a Difpenfation from the Archbifhop of To- ledo, ( 39 ) On the Morning of the Proceffion, I planted myfelf near the Door of the Monaftry, and had a faint Glimpfe of the Nuns whilft they were adjusting their Capuchins. The Mo- naftery is near the Centre of the Town, and remarkable only for its Length, which if I miftake not, is about Two Hundred Feet. The Hospital is fituate in the Weftern Edge of the City, where Nothing interrupts its Ventilation from the Eaft, South and North; but unfortunately, as if intended to banifh Chearfulnefs from its Manfions, the Priefts have laid off a Burial Ground, which is en- clofed on one Side by the Front Wall of the Building. The Chapel is in a ruinous State, and will not be repaired-A new one is ere&- ing, to which, all the internal Decorations of the Old will be transferred. Don Andrea, a Catalan, arrived in New Orleans about Twenty Years ago : "Prapt on a Staff, deform'd with Age and Care, " And hung with Rags that flutter'd in the Air." For ten Years paft he hath been the richeft Subjet in Louiiana or either of the Floridas. About three Years fince, he got difgufted with his Lady, againft whom he prayed and obtained a Divorce a Vinculo Matrimoni, and a Difpenfation from the Archbifhop of To- ledo, ( 39 ) On the Morning of the Proceffion, I planted myfelf near the Door of the Monaftry, and had a faint Glimpfe of the Nuns whilft they were adjusting their Capuchins. The Mo- naftery is near the Centre of the Town, and remarkable only for its Length, which if I miftake not, is about Two Hundred Feet. The Hospital is fituate in the Wefnern Edge of the City, where Nothing interrupts its Ventilation from the Eaft, South and North; but unfortunately, as if intended to banifh Chearfulnefs from its Manfions, the Priefts have laid off a Burial Ground, which is en- clofed on one Side by the Front Wall of the Building. The Chapel is in a ruinous State, and will not be repaired-A new one is ere- ing, to which, all the internal Decorations of the Old will be transferred. Don Andrea, a Catalan, arrived in New Orleans about Twenty Years ago : " Propt on a Staff, deform'd with Age and Care, "And hung with Rags that flutter'd in the Air." For ten Years pat he hath been the richeft Subjeat in Louifiana or either of the Floridas. About three Years fince, he got difgufted with his Lady, againft whom he prayed and obtained a Divorce a Vinculo Matrimonii, and a Difpenfation from the Archbifhop of To- ledo,  ( 40 ) ledo, Primate of Spain and great Chancellor of Caflile, for an inceftuous Marriage with her younger Sifter. To procure an Indul- gence of this Kind, required a confiderable Largefs from the Coffers of the old Mam- momift. He is now eredting to the Glory of God, and in Atonement of his Rafcalities a fuperb Church and Hofpital. No Doubt when thefe fhall be completed, but that he will be reminded by the Priefts, who will know how to excite the Paffions of Hope and Fear ; that fome other expiatory Ads remain, and which he is indifpenfably bound to perform, under no lefs Penalty than of having his Soul everlaftingly damned in the liquid Flames of Hell-fire. To foothe his Vanity, his Name and Pious Deeds, will be enfculptured over the Front Doors and other Parts of the Buildings. " Who builds a Church to God, and not to Fame, " Will never mark the Marble with his Name." POPE. The Orleanois as I obferved before, are ftaunch Romanifts, and confider People of all other religious Denominations as Here- tics, and to whom they not long fince de- nied chriftian Burial. Their Cuftom was to throw the Body of the deceafed, unfhrouded and ( 40 ) ledo, Primate of Spain and great Chancellor of Caflile, for an inceftuous Marriage with her younger Sifter. To procure an Indul- gence of this Kind, required a confiderable Largefs from the Coffers of the old Mam- momift. He is now eredting to the Glory of God, and in Atonement of his Rafcalities a fuperb Church and Hofpital. No Doubt when thefe fhall be completed, but that he will be reminded by the Priefts, who will know how to excite the Paffions of Hope and Fear ; that fome other expiatory Ads remain, and which he is indifpenfably bound to perform, under no lefs Penalty than of having his Soul everlaftingly damned in the liquid Flames of Hell-fire. To foothe his Vanity, his Name and Pious Deeds, will be enfculptured over the Front Doors and other Parts of the Buildings. " Who builds a Church to God, and not to Fame, " Will never mark the Marble with his Name." POPE. The Orleanois as I obferved before, are ftaunch Romanifts, and confider People of all other religious Denominations as Here- tics, and to whom they not long fince de. nied chriftian Burial. Their Cuftom was to throw the Body of the deceafed, unfhrouded and ( 40 ) ledo, Primate of Spain and great Chancellor of Cafeile, for an inceftuous Marriage with her younger Sifter. To procure an Indul- gence of this Kind, required a confiderable Largefs from the Coffers of the old Mam- momift. He is now ereding to the Glory of God, and in Atonement of his Rafcalities a fuperb Church and Hofpital. No Doubt when thefe fhall be completed, but that he will be reminded by the Priefts, who will know how to excite the Paffions of Hope and Fear ; that fome other expiatory Ads remain, and which he is indifpenfably bound to perform, under no lefs Penalty than of having his Soul everlaftingly damned in the liquid Flames of Hell-fire. To foothe his Vanity, his Name and Pious Deeds, will be enfculptured over the Front Doors and other Parts of the Buildings. " Who builds a Church to God, and not to Fame, " Will never mark the Marble with his Name." POPE. The Orleanois as I obferved before, are ftaunch Romanifts, and confider People of all other religious Denominations as Here- tics, and to whom they not long fince de- nied chriftian Burial. Their Cuftom was to throw the Body of the deceafed, unfhrouded and  ( 41 ) and uncoffin'd into the MiUiffi.pp Not many Years ago, an Englgh4man, by the Name of Howard, influenced by Motives to Huma- nity, purchafed about four Acres of Land in the Suburbs of the City, and generoufly af- figned it as a Burial Ground for Proteflants and Strangers. I faw the Interment of a Corpfe. The Grave was about four Feet deep. The Water rofe within ten Inches of the Surface, and the Coffin was funk down with heavy Stones. Private Adventurers from New-York, Phi- ladelphia and Baltimore, carry on a tolerable Trade at this Place-They have an Advance of Cent per Cent on their Goods, which are neverthelefs cheaper than Spani/k Importa- tions. I could not afcertain what Impoft is exated here, but imagine it to be about fif- teen per Cent ad Valorem. During my Continuance in New Orleans, I got acquainted with the celebrated Major Fairlamb, whofe Name will be memorable from the Circumfitance of his having in the Courfe of the laft War, with only Sixty- three Men in a Blockhoufe, withftood and repulfed General Wayne's whole Brigade. He is now Surveyor-General for the King of Spain in Lonifiana. I had an ironical Mef- E fage ( 41 ) and uncoffin'd into the liifippi. Not many Years ago, an Englifhman, by the Name of Howard, influenced by Motives to Huma- nity, purchafed about four Acres of Land in the Suburbs of the City, and generoufly af- figned it as a Burial Ground for Protefiants and Strangers. I faw the Interment of a Corpfe. The Grave was about four Feet deep. The Water rofe within ten Inches of the Surface, and the Coffin was funk down with heavy Stones. Private Adventurers from New-York, Phi- ladelphia and Baltimore, carry on a tolerable Trade at this Place-They have an Advance of Cent per Cent on their Goods, which are neverthelefs cheaper than Spani/h Importa- tions. I could not afcertain what Impoft is exated here, but imagine it to be about fif- teen per Cent ad Valorem. During my Continuance in New Orleans, I got acquainted with the celebrated Major Fairlamb, whofe Name will be memorable from the Circumftance of his having in the Courfe of the laft War, with only Sixty- three Men in a Blockhoufe, withftood and repulfed General Wayne's whole Brigade. He is now Surveyor-General for the King of Spain in Lonifiana. I had an ironical Mef- E fage ( 41 ) and uncoffin'd into the Mizfffipi. Not many Years ago, an Englzlman, by the Name of Howard, influenced by Motives to Huma- nity, purchafed about four Acres of Land in the Suburbs of the City, and generoufly af- figned it as a Burial Ground for Proteflants and Strangers. I faw the Interment of a Corpfe. The Grave was about four Feet deep. The Water rofe within ten Inches of the Surface, and the Coffin was funk down with heavy Stones. Private Adventurers from New-York, Phi- ladelphia and Baltimore, carry on a tolerable Trade at this Place-They have an Advance of Cent per Cent on their Goods, which are neverthelefs cheaper than Spani/h Importa- tions. I could not afcertain what Impoft is exaded here, but imagine it to be about fif- teen per Cent ad Valorem. During my Continuance in New Orleans, I got acquainted with the celebrated Major Fairlamb, whofe Name will be memorable from the Circumftance of his having in the Courfe of the laft War, with only Sixty- three Men in a Blockhoufe, withftood and repulfed General Wayne's whole Brigade. He is now Surveyor-General for the King of Spain in Loni Lana. I had an ironical Mef- E fage  ( 42 ) fage from him to General Wayne, whom I had not the Pleafure of Seeing, in my Route through Georgia. Mfay 16th. Went on Board the Gover- nor's Packet at the Bayoue St. 7ohn, bound to Mobille and Penfacola. In this Bayoue I counted Seventy-three Alligators, which the. Eye could eafily take in at one View. The Tail part of this Animal yields a very nu- tritious Food, and on which, the Indians and Negroes voracioufly englut and gormandize. They are eafily killed with a Rifle Ball, dif- charged about an Inch below the Eyes-All other Parts except the Belly, are clothed with impenetrable Scales. The ufual Length of thofe I faw, were from fix to ten Feet; though fome few are now and then feen, which mea- fure upwards of Twenty Feet. I was in- formed by an intelligent Spaniard that they are of the fame Genus with the Crocodile on the River Nile, many of which he had criti- cally examined in the Courfe of his late Tra- vels. On Board of this Veffel were Paffen- gers, ten miferable Spaniards and a poor Ne- gro, laden with combrous Chains, whofe in- ceffant clangous Sounds, united with Heart- rending Groans, tranfpierced my Ear, and fadden'd all my Soul. They were under the Care of an Enfign, whofe Feelings appeared to ( 42 ) fage from him to General Wayne, whom I had not the Pleafure of Seeing, in my Route through Georgia. M/ay 16th. Went on Board the Gover- nor's Packet at the Bayoue St. john, bound to Mobille and Penfacola. In this Bayoue I counted Seventy-three Alligators, which the Eye could eafily take in at one View. The Tail part of this Animal yields a very nu- tritious Food, and on which, the Indians and Negroes voracioufly englut and gormandize. They are eafily killed with a Rifle Ball, dif- charged about an Inch below the Eyes-All other Parts except the Belly, are clothed with impenetrable Scales. The ufual Length of thofe I faw, were from fix to ten Feet ; though fome few are now and then feen, which mea- fure upwards of Twenty Feet. I was in- formed by an intelligent Spaniard that they are of the fame Genus with the Crocodile on the River Nile, many of which he had criti- cally examined in the Courfe of his late Tra- vels. On Board of this Veffel were Paffen- gers, ten miferable Spaniards and a poor Ne- gro, laden with combrous Chains, whofe in- ceffant clangous Sounds, united with Heart- rending Groans, tranfpierced my Ear, and fadden'd all my Soul. They were under the Care of an Enfign, whofe Feelings appeared to ( 42 ) fage from him to General Wayne, whom I had not the Pleafure of Seeing, in my Route through Georgia. May 16th. Went on Board the Gover- nor's Packet at the Bayoue St. 7fohn, bound to Mobille and Penfacola. In this Bayone I counted Seventy-three Alligators, which the Eye could eafily take in at one View. The Tail part of this Animal yields a very nu- tritious Food, and on which, the Indians and Negroes voracioufly englut and gormandize. They are eafily killed with a Rifle Ball, dif- charged about an Inch below the Eyes-All other Parts except the Belly, are clothed with impenetrable Scales. The ufual Length of thofe I faw, were from fix to ten Feet; though fome few are now and then feen, which mea- fure upwards of Twenty Feet. I was in- formed by an intelligent Spaniard that they are of the fame Genus with the Crocodile on the River Nile, many of which he had criti- cally examined in the Courfe of his late Tra- vels. On Board of this Veffel were Paffen- gers, ten miferable Spaniards and a poor Ne- gro, laden with combrous Chains, whofe in- ceffant clangous Sounds, united with Heart- rending Groans, tranfpierced my Ear, and fadden'd all my Soul. They were under the Care of an Enfign, whofe Feelings appeared to  ( 43 ) to be equally wounded with my own. Their Fate will be confinement in a Prifon Ship, till they, with many others, now in the Cal- liboufe at Mobille, reach their ten Years gloo- my Abode in the Copper Mines, where they will be excluded from the Light of Heaven, and drag out a miferable Exiftence under the Iron Rod of ruthlefs Oppreffion, in hard and unremitting Labour. Providence was kind to thefe poor Wretches. At times they were chearful, and by no Means feemed to antici- pate the fubterraneous Horrors which await them. 17th. Arrived at Penfacola, the Metro- polis of Weft Florida. There are fome ele- gant Buildings in this Place, particularly the Palace, Barrack and Chapel. Whilft Pen- facola was in Poffeffion of the Britif/ Go- vernment, it was under an excellent Police, and wore a very different Afpe& from what it now does ; a great Part of the Town being in a ruinous State. There is but one Tavern for the Accommodation of Americans and Foreigners, and its Rates are enormoufly high. Their Market is well fupplied with aquatic Produaions of every Species peculiar to the Climate, and with flight Induftry, might vie with Northern Markets in Mutton, Beef and Pork, with the fuperiour and additional Ad- E 2 vantage ( 43 ) to be equally wounded with my own. Their Fate will be confinement in a Prifon Ship, till they, with many others, now in the Cal- liboufe at Mobille, reach their ten Years gloo- my Abode in the Copper Mines, where they will be excluded from the Light of Heaven, and drag out a miferable Exiftence under the Iron Rod of ruthlefs Oppreffion, in hard and unremitting Labour. Providence was kind to thefe poor Wretches. At times they were chearful, and by no Means feemed to antici- pate the fubterraneous Horrors which await them. 17th. Arrived at Penfacola, the Metro- polis of Weft Florida. There are fome ele- gant Buildings in this Place, particularly the Palace, Barrack and Chapel. Whilft Pen- facola was in Poffeffion of the Briti/h Go- vernment, it was under an excellent Police, and wore a very different Afped from what it now does ; a great Part of the Town being in a ruinous State. There is but one Tavern for the Accommodation of Americans and Foreigners, and its Rates are enormoufly high. Their Market is well fupplied with aquatic Produaions of every Species peculiar to the Climate, and with flight Induftry, might vie with Northern Markets in Mutton, Beef and Pork, with the fuperiour and additional Ad- E 2 vantage ( 43 ) to be equally wounded with my own. Their Fate will be confinement in a Prifon Ship, till they, with many others, now in the Cal- liboufe at Mobille, reach their ten Years gloo- my Abode in the Copper Mines, where they will be excluded from the Light of Heaven, and drag out a miferable Exiftence under the Iron Rod of ruthlefs Oppreffion, in hard and unremitting Labour. Providence was kind to thefe poor Wretches. At times they were chearful, and by no Means feemed to antici- pate the fubterraneous Horrors which await them. 17th. Arrived at Penfacola, the Metro- polis of Wefl Florida. There are fome ele- gant Buildings in this Place, particularly the Palace, Barrack and Chapel. Whilft Pen- facola was in Poffeffion of the Briti/k Go- vernment, it was under an excellent Police, and wore a very different Afpe& from what it now does ; a great Part of the Town being in a ruinous State. There is but one Tavern for the Accommodation of Americans and Foreigners, and its Rates are enormoufly high. Their Market is well fupplied with aquatic Produations of every Species peculiar to the Climate, and with flight Induftry, might vie with Northern Markets in Mutton, Beef and Pork, with the fuperiour and additional Ad- E 2 vantage  ( 44 ) vantage of Venifon. Perennial Fruits of all Kinds, except Apples, they have in the great- eft Profufion. Don Arturo O'Neil, Governor of this Pro- vince informed me, that during an eleven Years Refidence in Penfacola, he had never experienced a Moment's Sicknefs ; and that all the Citizens enjoyed uninterrupted Health, except the Spanifk Garrifon; whofe Mode of Living, will, at all Times, and in all Places, be produative of complicated Difeafes. In- ordinate Ufe of Ardent Spirits and bad Wine, fuperadded to high feafoned Meats and pro- mifcuous Intercourfe with lewd Women, will diforder any the molt robuft Habit of Body. Immediately back of the Town is a de- lightful Acclivity, from whence iffue many bubbling Fountains of wholefome, pleafant Water, filtrated through the Sand which con- ftitutes the Hill. The upper and lower Creek Nation trade to this Place, where they are uniformly impofed upon by a Mr. Pan- ton, who hath monopolized their Trade. The poor Indians barter their Deer Skins at fourteen Pence Sterling per Pound, for Salt at nine Shillings Sterling per Bufhel. Pan- ton is Part Owner of the Salt Works in the Ifland ( 44 ) vantage of Venifon. Perennial Fruits of all Kinds, except Apples, they have in the great- ent Profufion. Don Arturo O'Neil, Governor of this Pro. vince informed me, that during an eleven Years Refidence in Penfacola, he had never experienced a Moment's Sicknefs ; and that all the Citizens enjoyed uninterrupted Health, except the Stanif Garrifon; whofe Mode of Living, will, at all Times, and in all Places, be produaive of complicated Difeafes. In- ordinate Ufe of Ardent Spirits and bad Wine, fuperadded to high feafoned Meats and pro- mifcuous Intercourfe with lewd Women, will diforder any the molt robuft Habit of Body. Immediately back of the Town is a de- lightful Acclivity, from whence iffue many bubbling Fountains of wholefome, pleafant Water, filtrated through the Sand which con- ftitutes the Hill. The upper and lower Creek Nation trade to this Place, where they are uniformly impofed upon by a Mr. Pan- ton, who hath monopolized their Trade. The poor Indians barter their Deer Skins at fourteen Pence Sterling per Pound, for Salt at nine Shillings Sterling per Bufhel. Pan- ton is Part Owner of the Salt Works in the Ifland ( 44 ) vantage of Venifon. Perennial Fruits of all Kinds, except Apples, they have in the great- ent Profufion. Don Arturo O'Neil, Governor of this Pro- vince informed me, that during an eleven Years Re/idence in Penfacola, he had never experienced a Moment's Sicknefs ; and that all the Citizens enjoyed uninterrupted Health, except the Sfpanizh Garrifon; whofe Mode of Living, will, at all Times, and in all Places, be produaive of complicated Difeafes. In- ordinate Ufe of Ardent Spirits and bad Wine, fuperadded to high feafoned Meats and pro- mifcuous Intercourfe with lewd Women, will diforder any the molt robuft Habit of Body. Immediately back of the Town is a de- lightful Acclivity, from whence iffue many bubbling Fountains of wholefome, pleafant Water, filtrated through the Sand which con- ftitutes the Hill. The upper and lower Creek Nation trade to this Place, where they are uniformly impofed upon by a Mr. Pan- ton, who hath monopolized their Trade. The poor Indians barter their Deer Skins at fourteen Pence Sterling per Pound, for Salt at nine Shillings Sterling per Bufhel. Pan- ton is Part Owner of the Salt Works in the I/land  ( 45 ) Ifland of Providence, and has it brought to Penfacola in his own Bottoms, at the Ave- rage Expence of about three Pence per Bufhel. I think his Goods at Mobille, Pen- facola and St. Marks, are generally vended at about Five Hundred per Cent on their prime Colt. After having fpent about a Week in Pen- facola, experiencing greater Civilities from his Lordfhip than my moft fanguine Expec- tations could have depited, I departed with an Efcort of eleven Indians, to whom I was introduced by the Governor, as an Englzilk Ambaffador Incog. This ludicrous Title I endeavoured to fupport, during my Paffage, through a Wildernefs of Three Hundred Miles, by affuming wife Catonia Looks, big with momentous and myftical Concerns. My mock Gravity forfook me whenever I drew over the Stage of Imagination, a Groupe of old Acquaintance viewing me in my new and farcial Capacity of Ambaffador from the Court of London to an Indian Emperor. My Indian Companions (from their Con- duct I judge) were much pleafed with vari- ous Parts of my Drefs, which they would in my Prefence, try on and pull off, and pack away in their Budgets ; always remembering to ( 45 ) Ifland of Providence, and has it brought to Penfacola in his own Bottoms, at the Ave- rage Expence of about three Pence per Bufhel. I think his Goods at Mobille, Pen- facola and St. Marks, are generally vended at about Five Hundred per Cent on their prime Coft. After having fpent about a Week in Pen- facola, experiencing greater Civilities from his Lordfhip than my moft fanguine Expec- tations could have depited, I departed with an Efcort of eleven Indians, to whom I was introduced by the Governor, as an Englfh Ambaffador Incog. This ludicrous Title I endeavoured to fupport, during my Paffage, through a Wildernefs of Three Hundred Miles, by affuming wife Catonia Looks, big with momentous and myftical Concerns. My mock Gravity forfook me whenever I drew over the Stage of Imagination, a Groupe of old Acquaintance viewing me in my new and farcial Capacity of Ambaffador from the Court of London to an Indian Emperor. My Indian Companions (from their Con- duat I judge) were much pleafed with vari- ous Parts of my Drefs, which they would in my Prefence, try on and pull off, and pack away in their Budgets ; always remembering to ( 45 ) Ifland of Providence, and has it brought to Penfacola in his own Bottoms, at the Ave- rage Expence of about three Pence per Bufhel. I think his Goods at Mobille, Pen- facola and St. Marks, are generally vended at about Five Hundred per Cent on their prime Coft. After having fpent about a Week in Pen- facola, experiencing greater Civilities from his Lordfhip than my moft fanguine Expec- tations could have depiced, I departed with an Efcort of eleven Indians, to whom I was introduced by the Governor, as an Englzh Ambaffador Incog. This ludicrous Title I endeavoured to fupport, during my Paffage, through a Wildernefs of Three Hundred Miles, by affuming wife Catonia Looks, big with momentous and myftical Concerns. My mock Gravity forfook me whenever I drew over the Stage of Imagination, a Groupe of old Acquaintance viewing me in my new and farcial Capacity of Ambaffador from the Court of London to an Indian Emperor. My Indian Companions (from their Con- duct I judge) were much pleafed with vari- ous Parts of my Drefs, which they would in my Prefence, try on and pull off, and pack away in their Budgets ; always remembering to  ( 46 ) to make a Bow and fay, "Tank you Sir," which extorted from me a Nod of Confent, with the Addition of, You're welcome Gentle- men. The very ample Stock of Rum, Wine, &c. with which the Governor had fupplied me, was, with like Ceremony by them, and other Parties which we frequently met, con- fumed in about three Days. In about 20 Miles from Pen/acola we reached the Indian Boundary, no Part of their Territory ever ap- proaching nigher than that Diftance to the Sea-board. Notwithftanding the natural Ste- rility of Soil from Pen/acola almoft to the Tal- lipoojee River, the Long-leaf'd Pine, Hickory, Oak, Poplar, and Walnut Trees grow to their ufual Height, and protea from the fcorching Rays of the Sun the tall and tender Grafs; among which Plants, Shrubs and Flowers of variegated Hue, and of rare medicinal Virtues, are interfperfed; a Catalogue of which, fhall be fubjoined to fome future Page. 7une ift. Arrived at General M'Gillivray's Houfe, fituate on the Coufec River, about 5 Miles above its Junaion with the Talloofee, which forms the Alabama, whofe Confluence with the Tombigbee forms the Bay of Mobille. -At the Mouth of Mobille River, which empties into the Bay, is a Town of fimilar Name, of which, having only a tranfient View ( 46 ) to make a Bow and fay, "Tank you Sir," which extorted from me a Nod of Confent, with the Addition of, You're welcome Gentle- men. The very ample Stock of Rum, Wine, &c. with which the Governor had fupplied me, was, with like Ceremony by them, and other Parties which we frequently met, con- fumed in about three Days. In about 20 Miles from Pen/acola we reached the Indian Boundary, no Part of their Territory ever ap- proaching nigher than that Diftance to the Sea-board. Notwithftanding the natural Ste- rility of Soil from Pen/acola almoft to the Tal- hipoofee River, the Long-leaf'd Pine, Hickory, Oak, Poplar, and Walnut Trees grow to their ufual Height, and protea from the fcorching Rays of the Sun the tall and tender Grafs; among which Plants, Shrubs and Flowers of variegated Hue, and of rare medicinal Virtues, are interfperfed; a Catalogue of which, fhall be fubjoined to fome future Page. 7une ift. Arrived at General MGillivray's Houfe, fituate on the Coufee River, about 5 Miles above its Junaion with the Tal/itoofee, which forms the Alabama, whofe Confluence with the Tombigbee forms the Bay of Mobille. -At the Mouth of Mobille River, which empties into the Bay, is a Town of fimilar Name, of which, having only a tranfient View ( 46 ) to make a Bow and fay, "Tank you Sir," which extorted from me a Nod of Confent, with the Addition of, You're welcome Gentle- men. The very ample Stock of Rum, Wine, &c. with which the Governor had fupplied me, was, with like Ceremony by them, and other Parties which we frequently met, con- fumed in about three Days. In about 20 Miles from Pen/acola we reached the Indian Boundary, no Part of their Territory ever ap- proaching nigher than that Diftance to the Sea-board. Notwithftanding the natural Ste- rility of Soil from Pen/acola almoft to the Tal- /zboo/ee River, the Long-leaf'd Pine, Hickory, Oak, Poplar, and Walnut Trees grow to their ufual Height, and protect from the fcorching Rays of the Sun the tall and tender Grafs; among which Plants, Shrubs and Flowers of variegated Hue, and of rare medicinal Virtues, are interfperfed; a Catalogue of which, fhall be fubjoined to fome future Page. 7une ift. Arrived at General M'Gillivray's Houfe, fituate on the Couee River, about 5 Miles above its Jundion with the Talipoofee, which forms the Alabama, whofe Confluence with the Tombigbee forms the Bay of Mobille. -At the Mouth of Mobille River, which empties into the Bay, is a Town of fimilar Name, of which, having only a tranfient View  ( 47 ) View, I fhall not attempt a Defcription ; but only obferve that it is garrifon'd, and from its Locality, muff 'ere long furpafs Penfacola, in Population, Trade and Buildings.-The fer- tile Grounds upon all the above laft mention- ed Rivers are fettled and fettling by Corn, Hemp and Tobacco-Makers, who will have a nearer and better Navigation to Mobille than to Penfacola-add to this the Peltry-Trade, which will trebly exceed that of Tenfacola, as being nearer to the Hunting-Grounds from whence they may have Water-Carriage, except at one or two places, where a very flight Por- tage will be neceffary. On my Arrival at M'Gillivray's where my Indian Efcort left me, I was informed that he had juft gone to his upper Plantation, on the fame River, about 6 Miles diftant from his prefent Refidence: Thither I impaired in Company with his Nephew, who fupplied me with an Indian's ftray Horfe.-We had not ridden far, before we unfortunately met the Owner, who, with a menacing Countenance and fans Ceremonie, feized the Bridle and or- dered me to difmount immediately.-An Hour's Walk brought me to the Place, where the General was fuperintending fome Work- men in the Eredion of a Log Houfe embel- lifhed with dormer Windows, on the very Spot ( 47 ) View, I fhall not attempt a Defcription; but only obferve that it is garrifon'd, and from its Locality, muff 'ere long furpafs Penfacola, in Population, Trade and Buildings.-The fer- tile Grounds upon all the above laft mention- ed Rivers are fettled and fettling by Corn, Hemp and Tobacco-Makers, who will have a nearer and better Navigation to Mobille than to Penfacola-add to this the Peltry-Trade, which will trebly exceed that of Tenfacola, as being nearer to the Hunting-Grounds from whence they may have Water-Carriage, except at one or two places, where a very flight Por- tage will be neceffary. On my Arrival at M'Gillivray's where my Indian Efcort left me, I was informed that he had jufn gone to his upper Plantation, on the fame River, about 6 Miles diftant from his prefent Refidence: Thither I impaired in Company with his Nephew, who fupplied me with an Indian's ftray Horfe.-We had not ridden far, before we unfortunately met the Owner, who, with a menacing Countenance and fans Ceremonie, feized the Bridle and or- dered me to difmount immediately.- An Hour's Walk brought me to the Place, where the General was fuperintending fome Work- men in the Ereaion of a Log Houfe embel- lifhed with dormer Windows, on the very Spot ( 47 ) View, I fhall not attempt a Defcription ; but only obferve that it is garrifon'd, and from its Locality, muff 'ere long furpafs Penfacola, in Population, Trade and Buildings.-The fer- tile Grounds upon all the above laft mention- ed Rivers are fettled and fettling by Corn, Hemp and Tobacco-Makers, who will have a nearer and better Navigation to Mobille than to Penfacola-add to this the Peltry-Trade, which will trebly exceed that of Tenfacola, as being nearer to the Hunting-Grounds from whence they may have Water-Carriage, except at one or two places, where a very flight Por- tage will be neceffary. On my Arrival at M'Gillivray's where my Indian Efcort left me, I was informed that he had juft gone to his upper Plantation, on the fame River, about 6 Miles diftant from his prefent Refidence: Thither I impaired in Company with his Nephew, who fupplied me with an Indian's ftray Horfe.-We had not ridden far, before we unfortunately met the Owner, who, with a menacing Countenance and fans Ceremonie, feized the Bridle and or- dered me to difmount immediately.- An Hour's Walk brought me to the Place, where the General was fuperintending fome Work- men in the Ereaion of a Log Houfe embel- lifhed with dormer Windows, on the very Spot  [ 48 ] Spot where his Father refided whilfn a Trader in the Nation. Here are fome tall old Ap- ple-trees planted by his Father, which make a venerable Appearance, tho' greatly obftru& the Profpett to and from his rural humble Palace. He received me with Franknefs and Civili- ty; modeftly enquired into my Bufinefs, and promifed every Affiftance in his Power to- wards my Accomodation, whilft I fhould think proper to make his Houfe my Home:- Do they order Things better in France ? This Gentleman to Appearance is at leaft Five and Forty, tho' in Fac only Thirty-two Years of Age-Diffipation marked his juvinile Days, and fapped a Conftitution originally delicate and feeble.-He is fubje& to an habitual Head-Ach and Cholic, notwithftanding which his Temper is placid and ferene, and at In- tervals of Eafe quite joyous. He poffeffes an Atticifm of Didion aided by a liberal Educa- tion, a great Fund of Wit and Humour, meliorated by perfed good Nature and Po- litenefs.-His Lady confidering the Mode of Education to which fhe was fubjeded in the early Part of Life, is a Model of Prudence and Difcretion ; and could her Complexion, which is olive, be commuted for the lovely Tints of red and while, fhe would be " A Woman lovelieft of the lovely Kind, ' Perfe[ in Body, and complete in Mind." By [ 48 ] Spot where his Father refided whilft a Trader in the Nation. Here are fome tall old Ap- ple-trees planted by his Father, which make a venerable Appearance, tho' greatly obftru& the Profped to and from his rural humble Palace. He received me with Franknefs and Civili- ty; modeftly enquired into my Bufinefs, and promifed every Affiftance in his Power to- wards my Accomodation, whilft I ihould think proper to make his Houfe my Home:- Do they order Things better in France? This Gentleman to Appearance is at leaft Five and Forty, tho' in Fac only Thirty-two Years of Age-Diffipation marked his juvinile Days, and fapped a Conftitution originally delicate and feeble.-He is fubje& to an habitual Head-Ach and Cholic, notwithftanding which his Temper is placid and ferene, and at In- tervals of Eafe quite joyous. He poffeffes an Atticifm of Didion aided by a liberal Educa- tion, a great Fund of Wit and Humour, meliorated by perfet good Nature and Po- litenefs.-His Lady confidering the Mode of Education to which fhe was fubjeded in the early Part of Life, is a Model of Prudence and Difcretion ; and could her Complexion, which is olive, be commuted for the lovely Tints of red and white, fhe would be "A Woman lovelieft of the lovely Kind, "PerfeR in Body, and comtplete in Mind." By [ 48 ] Spot where his Father refided whilft a Trader in the Nation. Here are fome tall old Ap- ple-trees planted by his Father, which make a venerable Appearance, tho' greatly obftru( the Profped to and from his rural humble Palace. He received me with Franknefs and Civili- ty ; modeftly enquired into my Bufinefs, and promifed every Affiftance in his Power to- wards my Accomodation, whilft I fhould think proper to make his Houfe my Home:- Do they order Things better in France? This Gentleman to Appearance is at leaft Five and Forty, tho' in Fad only Thirty-two Years of Age-Diffipation marked his juvinile Days, and fapped a Conftitution originally delicate and feeble.-He is fubje& to an habitual Head-Ach and Cholic, notwithftanding which his Temper is placid and ferene, and at In- tervals of Eafe quite joyous. He poffeffes an Atticifm of Didion aided by a liberal Educa- tion, a great Fund of Wit and Humour, meliorated by perfed good Nature and Po- litenefs.-His Lady confidering the Mode of Education to which fhe was fubjeded in the early Part of Life, is a Model of Prudence and Difcretion ; and could her Complexion, which is olive, be commuted for the lovely Tints of red and while, fhe would be "A Woman lovelieft of the lovely Kind, "Perfe in Body, and complete in Mind." By  ( 49 ) By this Lady the General has two lovely Children, Alexander and Elizabeth. They fpeak the Englifh Tongue as well as Children of a fimilar Age ufually do among us. He has a confiderable Number of Negroes at his different Plantations, probably more than Fifty, and common Report fays, double that Number in the Spanifh Weft-India If- lands; as alfo large Stocks of Horfes, Hogs, and horned Cattle. Two or three White Men fuperintend their refpedtive Ranges, and now and then colled them together in Order to brand, mark, &c: This they effed by giv- ing them a little Salt in their Inclofures. His Table fmokes with good fubftantial Diet, and his Side-board difplays a Variety of Wines and ardent Spirits.-The General encourages his People in all Kinds of gymnaftic Exercifes ; his Motives for which may be eafily conjec- tured- He invited me to a Ball-Match, about 10 miles from his Houfe, between two Town- fhips. Sixty-two alert young Fellows were feleized from each Town. The Goals were fet up about a Quarter of a Mile apart, near the Center of an extenfive Campaign or Praire.- They confift of two blazed Saplings fixed in the Ground about 1o Feet afunder at either End, thro' which every. Time either Party throws the Ball with their Rackets, they are F entitled ( 49 ) By this Lady the General has two lovely Children, Alexander and Elizabeth. They fpeak the Englifh Tongue as well as Children of a fimilar Age ufually do among us. He has a confiderable Number of Negroes at his different Plantations, probably more than Fifty, and common Report fays, double that Number in the Spanifh Weft-India If- lands; as alfo large Stocks of Horfes, Hogs, and horned Cattle. Two or three White Men fuperintend their refpedive Ranges, and now and then colle& them together in Order to brand, mark, &c: This they effect by giv- ing them a little Salt in their Inclofures. His Table fmokes with good fubfantial Diet, and his Side-board difplays a Variety of Wines and ardent Spirits.-The General encourages his People in all Kinds of gymnaftic Exercifes ; his Motives for which may be eafily conjec- tured- He invited me to a Ball-Match, about io miles from his Houfe, between two Town- fhips. Sixty-two alert young Fellows were feleded from each Town. The Goals were fet up about a Quarter of a Mile apart, near the Center of an extenfive Campaign or Praire.- They confift of two blazed Saplings fixed in the Ground about io Feet afunder at either End, thro' which every. Time either Party throws the Ball with their Rackets, they are F entitled ( 49 ) By this Lady the General has two lovely Children, Alexander and Elizabeth. They fpeak the Englifh Tongue as well as Children of a fimilar Age ufually do among us. He has a confiderable Number of Negroes at his different Plantations, probably more than Fifty, and common Report fays, double that Number in the Spanifh Weft-India If- lands; as alfo large Stocks of Horfes, Hogs, and horned Cattle. Two or three White Men fuperintend their refpedive Ranges, and now and then colledt them together in Order to brand, mark, &c: This they effed by giv- ing them a little Salt in their Inclofures. His Table fmokes with good fubftantial Diet, and his Side-board difplays a Variety of Wines and ardent Spirits.-The General encourages his People in all Kinds of gymnaftic Exercifes ; his Motives for which may be eafily conjec- tured- He invited me to a Ball-Match, about io miles from his Houfe, between two Town- fhips. Sixty-two alert young Fellows were feleaed from each Town. The Goals were fet up about a Quarter of a Mile apart, near the Center of an extenfive Campaign or Praire.- They confift of two blazed Saplings fixed in the Ground about 1o Feet afunder at either End, thro' which every. Time either Party throws the Ball with their Rackets, they are F entitled  ( 50 ) entitled to count one-The Number of the Game is arbitrary.-Midway between the Goals, the Ball is thrown up alternately by two old Men, who are mutually chofen by the contending Parties to decide, all Contro- verfies which may arife in the Courfe of the Game-Upon throwing up the Ball a violent Struggle enfues between the Parties which fometimes lafts 8 or 1o Minutes, before either Side can give it a cat; and when they do, there are others of their Opponents ready to intercept and give it an adverfe Direfion.- On this Game Property to a very confiderable Amount is generally rifqued, confifting of Broaches, Bracelets, Gorgets, Medals, Paints, Arms and Ammunition piled up in a pyrami- dical Form. Sometimes their whole Family Stock of Food and Raiment is hazzarded.- A diflocated Joint or fra&ured Bone is not un- common: Suffer what they may, you'll never fee an angry Look or hear a threatening Word among them. The Players deveft themfelves of all their Cloaths, except their Flaps. They ingeni- oufly difguife themfelves with various coloured Paints and affume the Semblance of Rattle- Snakes entwin'd about their Legs Thighs and Arms; whilft fpiral Streaks of red, white, black and blue, alternately adorn their other Parts.- The ( 50 ) entitled to count one-The Number of the Game is arbitrary.-Midway between the Goals, the Ball is thrown up alternately by two old Men, who are mutually chofen by the contending Parties to decide, all Contro- verfies which may arife in the Courfe of the Game-Upon throwing up the Ball a violent Struggle enfues between the Parties which fometimes lafts 8 or io Minutes, before either Side can give it a cat; and when they do, there are others of their Opponents ready to intercept and give it an adverfe Direaion.- On this Game Property to a very confiderable Amount is generally rifqued, confifting of Broaches, Bracelets, Gorgets, Medals, Paints, Arms and Ammunition piled up in a pyrami- dical Form. Sometimes their whole Family Stock of Food and Raiment is hazzarded.- A diflocated Joint or fra&ured Bone is not un- common: Suffer what they may, you'll never fee an angry Look or hear a threatening Word among them. The Players deveft themfelves of all their Cloaths, except their Flaps. They ingeni- oufly difguife themfelves with various coloured Paints and affume the Semblance of Rattle- Snakes entwin'd about their Legs Thighs and Arms; whilft fpiral Streaks of red, white, black and blue, alternately adorn their other Parts.- The ( 50 ) entitled to count one-The Number of the Game is arbitrary.-Midway between the Goals, the Ball is thrown up alternately by two old Men, who are mutually chofen by the contending Parties to decide, all Contro- verfies which may arife in the Courfe of the Game-Upon throwing up the Ball a violent Struggle enfues between the Parties which fometimes lafts 8 or 1o Minutes, before either Side can give it a cant; and when they do, there are others of their Opponents ready to intercept and give it an adverfe Dire&ion.- On this Game Property to a very confiderable Amount is generally rifqued, confifting of Broaches, Bracelets, Gorgets, Medals, Paints, Arms and Ammunition piled up in a pyrami- dical Form. Sometimes their whole Family Stock of Food and Raiment is hazzarded.- A diflocated Joint or fradured Bone is not un- common: Suffer what they may, you'll never fee an angry Look or hear a threatening Word among them. The Players deveft themfelves of all their Cloaths, except their Flaps. They ingeni- oufly difguife themfelves with various coloured Paints and affume the Semblance of Rattle- Snakes entwin'd about their Legs Thighs and Arms ; whilft fpiral Streaks of red, white, black and blue, alternately adorn their other Parts.- The  ( 51 ) The vanquifhed Party immediately upon the Conclufion of the Game, betake themfelves to their Heels, in Order to avoid the Scoffs and Ridicule of their boaftful Conquerors. Our Prefident, whilft M'Gillivray was in New- York, complimented him with a Selefion of elegantly gilt bound Books ; as alfo with the Golden Epaulet which he had worn through- out the War. The latter M'Gillivray confi- ders as a great Honor conferred upon him; and therefore, fays, he "prizes it far above Rubies and much fine Gold." He receives an- nual Prefents from his Father in Scotland, which he modeftly difplays to his Friends, faying, thofe I received from my natural, thefe from my political and adopted Father. The Reader is here prefented with a Speci- men of M'Gillivray's epiftolary Compofition, extrafted from two Letters addreffed to Meffrs. Boyd & Ker of Richmond, and to Mr. Collin Douglafs of Manchefcr, both written in Hafte, and in a Circle of many Chieftains, whofe Garrulity would have confufed any other Man than M'Gillivray. "Little Tallifee, Upper Creek Nation, 5th Juee, 1791. "DEAR SIRS, " R. Pope having called here on his Way Home, I em- "V brace the Opportunity of making you my warmeft " Acknowledgements, for the polite Attention which you " were pleafed to hew to me, when I had the Pleafure of " being with you laft Summer. " The ( 51 ) The vanquifhed Party immediately upon the Conclufion of the Game, betake themfelves to their Heels, in Order to avoid the Scoffs and Ridicule of their boafitful Conquerors. Our Prefident, whilft M'Gillivray was in New- York, complimented him with a Seleftion of elegantly gilt bound Books ; as alfo with the Golden Epaulet which he had worn through- out the War. The latter M'Gillivray confi- ders as a great Honor conferred upon him; and therefore, fays, he "prizes it far above Rubies and much fine Gold." He receives an- nual Prefents from his Father in Scotland, which he modeftly difplays to his Friends, faying, thofe I received from my natural, thefe from my political and adopted Father. The Reader is here prefented with a Speci- men of M'Gillivray's epiftolary Compofition, extrad'ed from two Letters addreffed to Meffrs. Boyd & Ker of Richmond, and to Mr. Collin Douglafs of Manchefler, both written in Hafte, and in a Circle of many Chieftains, whofe Garrulity would have confufed any other Man than M'Gillivray. "Little Tal/ee, Upper Creek Nation, 51h June, 171. "DEAR SIRS, " R. Pope having called here on his way Home, I em- "vi brace the Opportunity of making you my warmen " Acknowledgements, for the polite Attention which you " were pleafed to hew to me, when I had the Pleafure of " being with you loft Summer. " The ( 51 ) The vanquifhed Party immediately upon the Conclufion of the Game, betake themfelves to their Heels, in Order to avoid the Scoffs and Ridicule of their boaftful Conquerors. Our Prefident, whilft M'Gillivray was in New-York, complimented him with a Seleftion of elegantly gilt bound Books ; as alfo with the Golden Epaulet which he had worn through- out the War. The latter M'Gillivray confi- ders as a great Honor conferred upon him; and therefore, fays, he "prizes it far above Rubies and much fine Gold." He receives an- nual Prefents from his Father in Scotland, which he modeftly difplays to his Friends, faying, thofe I received from my natural, thefe from my political and adopted Father. The Reader is here prefented with a Speci- men of M'Gillivray's epiftolary Compofition, extraded from two Letters addreffed to Meffrs. Boyd & Ker of Richmond, and to Mr. Collin Douglafs of Manchefler, both written in Hafte, and in a Circle of many Chieftains, whofe Garrulity would have confufed any other Man than M'Gillivray. " Little Talifee, Upper Creek Nation, 5 th June, 1791. "DEAR SIRS, " R. Pope having called here on his way Home, I em- " brace the Opportunity of making you my warmen "Acknowledgements, for the polite Attention which you " were pleafed to hew to me, when I had the Pleafure of " being with you laft Summer. " The  ( 52 ) " The Indifpofition with which I was attacked at New- " York, rendered me unable to return by the Route I had " promifed myfelf, and induced me to make a Paffage by Sea, " neceffary to eftablilh my Health. " In the Hurry of fetting out at an early Hour from Rich- mond, I forgot to difcharge a fmall Account I owed you; " Not recolleding the eaad amount ; but imagine it to be within the Compafs of a Guinea ; I have given Col. Pope " one to deliver to you on my Account. " Wifhing you every Profperity, I remain " Gentlemen, your very obliged " Humble Servant, " ALEXANDER M'GILLIVRAY." " MESS'RS. BOYD & KER. " Upper Creek Nation, 8th June, 1791. "DEAR SIR, " DHE Bearer Col. Pope being on his Return Homeward, from a wetern Tour, and learning that he lives in your Neighbourhood, I embrace the favourable Oppor- tunity to make you and your very accomplifhed Lady my " warmeft Acknowledgements, for the polite and friendly " Attention fhewn me when on my Tour laft Summer. " The Effeds of a fevere Indifpofition at New-York rendered " me incapable of returning by the Route in which I came ; " and after a tolerable Paffage of Fifteen Days, we landed at " St. Mary's in Georgia, " I felt great Regret that it was not in my Power to make " my Refpeds in Perfon, to the hofpitable and friendly " Gentlemen of Manchefter and Richmond: but be allured I fhall long remember them And "Sweet yim of Aber. " deen," Rill vibrates on my Ear. " That you and your accomplifhed Lady may long enjoy "Happinefs, and every Profperity, is the Wifh of " DEAR SIR, " Your mot obedient " Humble Servant, "ALEXANDER M'GILLIVRAY." " COLLIN DOUGLASS, ESQUIRE. Having fpent an agreeable Time among the upper Creeks, I took my Departure on the General's Horfe, with his Overfeer as an Ef- cort to the Lower Towns of Coweta, Broken- Arrow ( 52 ) " The Indifpolition with which I was attacked at New. York, rendered me unable to return by the Route I had " promifed myfelf, and induced me to make a Paffage by Sea, " neceffary to eftablith my Health. " In the Hurry of fetting out at an early Hour from Rich. " mond, I forgot to difcharge a fmall Account I owed you ; Not recollecting the exalt amount ; but imagine it to be " within the Compafs of a Guinea; I have given Col. Pope " one to deliver to you on my Account. " withing you every Profperity, I remain Gentlemen, your very obliged " Humble Servant, " ALEXANDER M'GILLIVRAY." " MESS'Rs. BOYD & KER. " Upper Crek Nation, 8th June, 1791. " DEAR SIR, T HE Bearer Col. Pope being on his Return Homeward, from a weitern Tour, and learning that he lives "in your Neighbourhood, I embrace the favourable Oppor- tunity to make you and your very accomplifhed Lady my " warmeft Acknowledgements, for the polite and friendly " Attention fhewn me when on my Tour laft Summer. " The Effeds of a fevers Indifpofition at New-York rendered " me incapable of returning by the Route in which I came ; " and after a tolerable Paffage of Fifteen Days, we landed at " St. Mary's in Georgia. " I felt great Regret that it was not in my Power to make my Refpeds in Perfon, to the hofpitable and friendly " Gentlemen of Manche'ter and Richmond: but be affured " I fhall long remember them-And "oSweet yim of Aber- deen," itill vibrates on my Ear. " That you and your accomplilhed Lady may long enjoy " Happinefs. and every Profperity, is the wifh of " DEAR SIR, Your moft obedient " Humble Servant, "ALEXANDER M'GILLIVRAY." " COLLIN DOUGLASS, ESQUIRE. Having fpent an agreeable Time among the upper Creeks, I took my Departure on the General's Horfe, with his Overfeer as an Ef- cort to the Lower Towns of Coweta, Broken- Arrow ( 52 ) " The Indifpofition with which I was attacked at New- " York, rendered me unable to return by the Route I had " promifed myfelf, and induced me to make a Paffage by Sea, " neceffary to eftablifh my Health. " In the Hurry of fetting out at an early Hour from Rich- mond, I forgot to difcharge a fmall Account I owed you ; Not recolleding the exacd amount ; but imagine it to be " within the Compafs of a Guinea ; I have given Col. Pope " one to deliver to you on my Account. " Wifhing you every Profperity, I remain Gentlemen, your very obliged " Humble Servant, " ALEXANDER M'GILLIVRAY." " MEss'xs. BOYD & KER. " Upper Creek Nation, 8th Juno, 1791. " DEAR SIR, " THE Bearer Col. Pope being on his Return Homeward, " from a weftern Tour, and learning that he lives " in your Neighbourhood, I embrace the favourable Oppor- tunity to make you and your very accomplifhed Lady my " warmeft Acknowledgements, for the polite and friendly " Attention fhewn me when on my Tour lat Summer. " The Effeds of a fevere Indifpofition at New-York rendered " me incapable of returning by the Route in which I came ; " and after a tolerable Paffage of Fifteen Days, we landed at " St. Mary's in Georgia. " I felt great Regret that it was not in my Power to make " my Refpeds in Perfon, to the hofpitable and friendly " Gentlemen of Manchefter and Richmond: but be affured I fhall long remember them And "SSweet yim of Aber- deen," ftill vibrates on my Ear. " That you and your accomplifhed Lady may long enjoy "Happinefs, and every Profperity, is the wih of " DEAR SIR, Your moft obedient " Humble Servant, "ALEXANDER M'GILLIVRAY." " COLLIN DOUGLASS, ESQUIRE. Having fpent an agreeable Time among the upper Creeks, I took my Departure on the General's Horfe, with his Overfeer as an Ef- cort to the Lower Towns of Coweta, Broken- Arrow  ( 53 ) Arrow and Cu/fatee. The two former lie on the Weftern, and the latter on the Eaftern Side of the Chattahoutchee River, which takes its Name from two Indian Words; Chatta, a Stone, and Houtchee, which fignifies marked or infcribed. This Stone lies about 3 Miles above the Coweta, at the Rapids, covered over with hieroglyphic Infcriptions, which the prefent Race do not underftand. On the Weftern Side of the River, upon the low Grounds of the Cufatees is a Mount, on whofe Summit are the evident Traces of a Parapet fufficiently large to have contained one Thou- fand Men. This Mount appears to have been the Work of Ages and of many Hands, being upwards of 6oo Yards in Circumferrence at its Bafe, and about ioo Feet in perpendicular Height. On the Weftern Side and imme- diately oppofite to the Mount, are the Veftiges of a very large and deep Intrenchment, thrown up in a circular Form by the Anceftors of the prefent Race, as a Defence againft a nume- rous Tribe of the Seminolies, whom the Creeks after a long and bloody Conteft of 20 Years, extirminated, and re-peopled the deferted Vil- lages by flow Emigrations from their own vidorious Tribes. This Event according to the oral Tradition of the Creeks, happened about Ten ThAoufand Years ago,when they had a ( 53 ) Arrow and Cuffatee. The two former lie on the Weftern, and the latter on the Eaftern Side of the CAattahoutchee River, which takes its Name from two Indian Words; Chatta, a Stone, and Houtchee, which fignifies marked or inferibed. This Stone lies about 3 Miles above the Coweta, at the Rapids, covered over with hieroglyphic Inferiptions, which the prefent Race do not underftand. On the Weftern Side of the River, upon the low Grounds of the Cufatees is a Mount, on whofe Summit are the evident Traces of a Parapet fufficiently large to have contained one Thou- fand Men. This Mount appears to have been the Work of Ages and of many Hands, being upwards of 6oo Yards in Circumferrence at its Bafe, and about 1oo Feet in perpendicular Height. On the Weftern Side and imme- diately oppofite to the Mount, are the Veftiges of avery large and deep Intrenchment, thrown up in a circular Form by the Anceftors of the prefent Race, as a Defence againft a nume- rous Tribe of the Seminolies, whom the Creeks after a long and bloody Conteft of 20 Years, extirminated, and re-peopled the deferted Vil- lages by flow Emigrations from their own vidorious Tribes. This Event according to the oral Tradition of the Creeks, happened about Ten Thoufand Years ago,when they had a ( 53 ) Arrow and Cufatee. The two former lie on the Weftern, and the latter on the Eaftern Side of the Chattahoutchee River, which takes its Name from two Indian Words; Chatta, a Stone, and Houtchee, which fignifies marked or inferibed. This Stone lies about 3 Miles above the Coweta, at the Rapids, covered over with hieroglyphic Inferiptions, which the prefent Race do not underftand. On the Weftern Side of the River, upon the low Grounds of the Cufatees is a Mount, on whofe Summit are the evident Traces of a Parapet fufficiently large to have contained one Thou- fand Men. This Mount appears to havebeen the Work of Ages and of many Hands, being upwards of 6oo Yards in Circumferrence at its Bafe, and about roo Feet in perpendicular Height. On the Weftern Side and imme- diately oppofite to the Mount, are the Veftiges of avery large and deep Intrenchment, thrown up in a circular Form by the Anceftors of the prefent Race, as a Defence againft a nume- rous Tribe of the Seminolies, whom the Creeks after a long and bloody Conteft of 20 Years, extirminated, and re-peopled the deferted Vil- lages by flow Emigrations from their own vi&orious Tribes. This Event according to the oral Tradition of the Creeks, happened about Ten Thoufand Years ago,when they had a  ( 54 ) a Giant-King of mot ftupendous Size, called Billy PAg, who in Times of Dearth, would ftop the Chattahoutchee with his Foot, and di- vert the Current over all the neighbouring Fields: That the Alligators got offended at his Condu&, and begged their King to fnap off his great Toe; the Lofs of which pre- vented him from damming up the Water any more with that Foot ; and fo he died of Grief, and was burried under the circular Mount al- ready mentioned, coil'd up like a Rattle-Snake. During my Tarriance at the lower Towns, I formed an Intimacy with the Little King of the Broken Arrow, who is friendly, commu- nicative and intelligent. Through him, with the Aid of an Interpreter, I attempted to com- pofe a fmall Vocabulary of the Creekz/A Tongue, particularly of fuch Words as mot frequently occur in common Intercourfe. In the pro- fecution of this, I enquired of him what Ap- pellation he had for God? he replied, Sawgee PutchehaJee, which fignifies the Giver and Taker of Breath: And pray with what Epi- thet is your Majefty pleafed to honor the poor old Devil? with Emotions of Contempt he replied; there is no Devil: God Almighty is too much of a Gentleman to keep bad Ser- vants about him. Juft at this Inftant, his Majefty received an Invitation to a Rum- Drinking ( 54 ) a Giant-King of moft ftupendous Size, called Billy Pig, who in Times of Dearth, would ftop the Chattahoutchee with his Foot, and di- vert the Current over all the neighbouring Fields: That the Alligators got offended at his Condu&, and begged their King to fnap off his great Toe; the Lofs of which pre- vented him from damming up the Water any more with that Foot ; and fo he died of Grief, and was burried under the circular Mount al- ready mentioned, coil'd up like a Rattle-Snake. During my Tarriance at the lower Towns, I formed an Intimacy with the Little King of the Broken Arrow, who is friendly, commu- nicative and intelligent. Through him, with the Aid of an Interpreter, I attempted to com- pofe a fmall Vocabulary of the Creeki/A Tongue, particularly of fuch Words as moft frequently occur in common Intercourfe. In the pro- fecution of this, I enquired of him what Ap- pellation he had for God? he replied, Sawgee PutcehaJfee, which fignifies the Giver and Taker of Breath: And pray with what Epi- thet is your Majefty pleafed to honor the poor old Devil? with Emotions of Contempt he replied; there is no Devil: God Almighty is too much of a Gentleman to keep bad Ser- vants about him. Juft at this Inftant, his Majefty received an Invitation to a Rum- Drinking ( 54 ) a Giant-King of moft ftupendous Size, called Billy PAg, who in Times of Dearth, would ftop the Chattahoutchee with his Foot, and di- vert the Current over all the neighbouring Fields: That the Alligators got offended at his Condu&, and begged their King to fnap off his great Toe; the Lofs of which pre- vented him from damming up the Water any more with that Foot ; and fo he died of Grief, and was burried under the circular Mount al- ready mentioned, coil'd up like a Rattle-Snake. During my Tarriance at the lower Towns, I formed an Intimacy with the Little King of the Broken Arrow, who is friendly, commu- nicative and intelligent. Through him, with the Aid of an Interpreter, I attempted to com- pofe a fmall Vocabulary of the Creekiry Tongue, particularly of fuch Words as moft frequently occur in common Intercourfe. In the pro- fecution of this, I enquired of him what Ap- pellation he had for God? he replied, Sawgee Putchehafee, which fignifies the Giver and Taker of Breath : And pray with what Epi- thet is your Majefty pleafed to honor the poor old Devil? with Emotions of Contempt he replied; there is no Devil: God Almighty is too much of a Gentleman to keep bad Ser- vants about him. Juft at this Inftant, his Majefty received an Invitation to a Rum- Drinking  ( 55 ) Drinking, which in Oppofition to all my Dif- fuafions, he refolved to honour with his Pre- fence. This Rum-Drinking or Spewing- Match was held in the public Square, conti- guous to their Hot-Houfe; in one or other of which Places, as the Seafon may require, the Wittenagemote of the Diftri6a affemble for the Difcuffion of all Subjeas, whether civil or military, moral or divine. Here alfo they hold their War Dances, difplay their Tro- phies of War, and keep their annual Feftival called the Bufk. This Feftival generally com- mences about the middle of Yuly, upon the firft Difcovery of ripen'd Corn, and is the grand Epocha of the Creeks. All the Male Clafs who have attained the Age of Puberty, religioufly abiftain from all Intercourfe with the other Sex, and every Kind of Suftenance, except Water, for three Days; which from the Cathartics and Emetics they then fwal- low, are called the Days of Purgation. Thus cleanfed from the Impurities of the former Year, they extinguifh every Particle of Fire throughout their Diftrit, and rekindle more by the Fridion of a round Safafras Stick, in an Augur Hole bored into a Piece of dry Poplar. This Relighting of the Fire, is performed by their Chief Prieft or Sachim, and communi- cated by Torches to the Mafter or Miftrefs of ( 55 ) Drinking, which in Oppofition to all my Dif- fuafions, he refolved to honour with his Pre- fence. This Rum-Drinking or Spewing- Match was held in the public Square, conti- guous to their Hot-Houfe; in one or other of which Places, as the Seafon may require, the Wittenagemote of the Diftria affemble for the Difcuffion of all Subjeds, whether civil or military, moral or divine. Here alfo they hold their War Dances, difplay their Tro- phies of War, and keep their annual Feftival called the Buflk. This Feftival generally com- mences about the middle of 7uly, upon the firft Difcovery of ripen'd Corn, and is the grand Epocha of the Creeks. All the Male Clafs who have attained the Age of Puberty, religioufly abftain from all Intercourfe with the other Sex, and every Kind of Suftenance, except Water, for three Days; which from the Cathartics and Emetics they then fwal- low, are called the Days of Purgation. Thus cleanfed from the Impurities of the former Year, they extinguifh every Particle of Fire throughout their Diftria, and rekindle more by the Fridion of a round Safafras Stick, in an Augur Hole bored into a Piece of dry Poplar. This Relighting of the Fire, is performed by their Chief Prieft or Sachim, and communi- cated by Torches to the Mafter or Miftrefs of ( 55 ) Drinking, which in Oppofition to all my Dif- fuafions, he refolved to honour with his Pre- fence. This Rum-Drinking or Spewing- Match was held in the public Square, conti- guous to their Hot-Houfe; in one or other of which Places, as the Seafon may require, the Wittenagemote of the Diftri6a affemble for the Difcuffion of all Subjeas, whether civil or military, moral or divine. Here alfo they hold their War Dances, difplay their Tro- phies of War, and keep their annual Feftival called the Bufk. This Feftival generally com- mences about the middle of Yuly. upon the firft Difcovery of ripen'd Corn, and is the grand Epocha of the Creeks. All the Male Clafs who have attained the Age of Puberty, religioufly abftain from all Intercourfe with the other Sex, and every Kind of Suftenance, except Water, for three Days; which from the Cathartics and Emetics they then fwal- low, are called the Days of Purgation. Thus cleanfed from the Impurities of the former Year, they extinguifh every Particle of Fire throughout their Diftri&, and rekindle more by the Friaion of a round Saf9afras Stick, in an Augur Hole bored into a Piece of dry Poplar. This Relighting of the Fire, is performed by their Chief Prieft or Sachim, and communi- cated by Torches to the Mafter or Miftrefs of  ( 56 ) of each refpedive Family. This done, a mul- tifidous Mefs of new Corn, cooked over the new Fire, is brought into the Centre of the Square, and diftributed with great Formality among the Guefts, agreeable to Seniority and Rank, by old Men and Women deputed for that Purpofe. When the Repaft is over, they rife up with one Confent, and with many ftrange Gefticulations and loud Shouts of In- dian Triumph, dance down the Sun, Moon, and Seven Stars. At the Clofe of almoft every Day throughout the Year, about 15 or 20 principal Townfmen affemble in the Square, for the Purpofe of giving or receiving the moft recent Intelligence, whether foreign or do- meftic, which if important, is reported to their grand Council, and by them to the National Affembly, whofe Decrees on the Occafion, are generally ratified by their Emperor, who has Power alfo of rejeding them.-The Creeks confider Fornication as a Faux Pas or venial Crime at moft: but Wo ! to the Sons and Daughters who commit Adultry : Vengeance in a fwift Career purfues them and cannot be appeafed, but by the corporeal Sufferance of the Aggreffors. Upon a Detedtion of the Crime, about 50 or 60 Perfons of each Sex, repair to a Thicket, and fupply themfelves with Hikory Clubs ; this done, the Men de- termine ( 56 ) of each refpedtive Family. This done, a mul- tifidous Mefs of new Corn, cooked over the new Fire, is brought into the Centre of the Square, and diftributed with great Formality among the Guefts, agreeable to Seniority and Rank, by old Men and Women deputed for that Purpofe. When the Repaft is over, they rife up with one Confent, and with many ftrange Gefticulations and loud Shouts of In- dan Triumph, dance down the Sun, Moon, and Seven Stars. At the Clofe of almoft every Day throughout the Year, about 15 or 20 principal Townfmen affemble in the Square, for the Purpofe of giving or receiving the mot recent Intelligence, whether foreign or do- meftic, which if important, is reported to their grand Council, and by them to the National Affembly, whofe Decrees on the Occafion, are generally ratified by their Emperor, who has Poweralfo of rejeding them.-The Creeks confider Fornication as a Faux Pas or venial Crime at molt: but Wo ! to the Sons and Daughters who commit Adultry: Vengeance in a fwift Career purfues them and cannot be appeafed, but by the corporeal Sufferance of the Aggreffors. Upon a Detection of the Crime, about 50 or 60 Perfons of each Sex, repair to a Thicket, and fupply themfelves with Hickory Clubs ; this done, the Men de- termine ( 56 ) of each refpedive Family. This done, a mul- tifidous Mefs of new Corn, cooked over the new Fire, is brought into the Centre of the Square, and diftributed with great Formality among the Guefts, agreeable to Seniority and Rank, by old Men and Women deputed for that Purpofe. When the Repaft is over, they rife up with one Confent, and with many ftrange Gefticulations and loud Shouts of In- dian Triumph, dance down the Sun, Moon, and Seven Stars. At the Clofe of almoft every Day throughout the Year, about 15 or 20 principal Townfmen affemble in the Square, for the Purpofe of giving or receiving the moft recent Intelligence, whether foreign or do- meftic, which if important, is reported to their grand Council, and by them to the National Affembly, whofe Decrees on the Occafion, are generally ratified by their Emperor, who has Power alfo of rejeding them.-The Creeks confider Fornication as a Faux Pas or venial Crime at moft: but Wo ! to the Sons and Daughters who commit Adultry : Vengeance in a fwift Career purfues them and cannot be appeafed, but by the corporeal Sufferance of the Aggreffors. Upon a Detedion of the Crime, about 50 or 60 Perfons of each Sex, repair to a Thicket, and fupply themfelves with Hickory Clubs ; this done, the Men de- termine  ( 57 ) termine upon the Meafure of Punifhment to be inflided on the Woman and permit the Women to decide upon the Man's. They then feparate, brandifhing their Clubs; the Men in Queft of the Woman, the Women in Queft of the Man. The Adultrefs when found, is feized upon, and ignominioufly dragged into a Circle formed by the Men, who beat her with their Clubs till fhe can no longer ftand ; and whilft extended on the Ground, the A- vengers proceed to dock her Hair, crop her Ears, and flit her Noftrils ; of all this her Ina- morato, is made an unwilling Spectator, and fometimes an Agent ; who, in Turn, fuffers a fimilar Difgrace in the Circle of the Women, his fair Dulcinea looking on. What I have here mentioned are the higheft Punifhments they ever inflid, even upon the moft atrocious Offenders.-Sometimes they difpenfe with cropping their Ears and flitting the Noftrils, and content themfelves, with giving the Of- fender a found Drubbing and a fhort Dock:- This Lenity was extended a few Days ago to a Mr. Patrick Murphy,who plead Juftification ; alledging that he was a Foreigner, ignorant of their Ufages and Laws; that the Woman was no Chriftian, having never been baptized; and that not having the Fear of God before her Eyes ; what he had done was altogether accidental G If ( 57 ) termine upon the Meafure of Punifhment to be inflided on the Woman and permit the Women to decide upon the Man's. They then feparate, brandifhing their Clubs; the Men in Queft of the Woman, the Women in Queft of the Man. The Adultrefs when found, is feized upon, and ignominioufly dragged into a Circle formed by the Men, who beat her with their Clubs till fhe can no longer ftand ; and whilft extended on the Ground, the A- vengers proceed to dock her Hair, crop her Ears, and flit her Noftrils ; of all thisher Ina- morato, is made an unwilling Spectator, and fometimes an Agent ; who, in Turn, fuffers a fimilar Difgrace in the Circle of the Women, his fair Dulcinea looking on. What I have here mentioned are the higheft Punifhments they ever inflia, even upon the moft atrocious Offenders.-Sometimes they difpenfe with cropping their Ears and flitting the Noftrils, and content themfelves, with giving the Of- fender a found Drubbing and a fhort Dock This Lenity was extended a few Days ago to a Mr. Patrick Murphy,who plead Juftification ; alledging that he was a Foreigner, ignorant of their Ufages and Laws; that the Woman was no Chriftian, having never been baptized; and that not having the Fear of God before her Eyes ; what he had done was altogether accidental. G If ( 57 ) termine upon the Meafure of Punifhment to be inflied on the Woman and permit the Women to decide upon the Man's. They then feparate, brandifhing their Clubs; the Men in Queft of the Woman, the Women in Queft of the Man. The Adultrefs when found, is feized upon, and ignominioufly dragged into a Circle formed by the Men, who beat her with their Clubs till fhe can no longer fand ; and whilft extended on the Ground, the A- vengers proceed to dock her Hair, crop her Ears, and flit her Noftrils ; of all thisher Ina- morato, is made an unwilling Speaator, and fometimes an Agent ; who, in Turn, fuffers a fimilar Difgrace in the Circle of the Women, his fair Dulcinea looking on. What I have here mentioned are the higheft Punifhments they ever infli&, even upon the moft atrocious Offenders.-Sometimes they difpenfe with cropping their Ears and flitting the Noftrils, and content themfelves, with giving the Of- fender a found Drubbing and a fhort Dock:- This Lenity was extended a few Days ago to a Mr. Patrick Murphy,who plead Juftification ; alledging that he was a Foreigner, ignorant of their Ufages and Laws; that the Woman was no Chriftian, having never been baptized; and that not having the Fear of God before her Eyes ; what he had done was altogether accidental. G If  ( 58 ) If the Club Bearers ever relinquifh, or lay down their Clubs through any Mifhap or Ne- ceffity ; before they encircle the Obje& of their Vengeance, they dare not refume them again, as it is prefumed, that it was fo ordered by their God, in tender Mercy to the Delinquents, who are accordingly acquitted of that Offence. Upon the Deceafe of an Adult of either Sex, the Friends and Relations of the Decedent re- ligioufly collea whatever he or fhe held moft dear in Life, and inter them clofe by and fome- times in their Owner's Grave. This pious Tribute to their Dead includes Horfes, Cows, Hogs and Dogs, as well as Things inanimate. A Girl of about 16 Years of Age died a few Days before I left the Nation. She had procured from a Spanik Officer at Penfacola, a likely Boar-Pig of the Spanzyk Breed, which fhe brought Home, and cherifhed in her Bo- fom, until he waxed ftrong, and became an ufeful Member in his Generation. Now when her Brethren, and the young Men of the Land, perceived that the Damfel was dead; they arofe up and purfued after the Boar and flew him. And a certain young Man of the Houfe of Illefenekaw flood up in the Midit of the Congregation, and faid; I will go unto my Lord the King and unto the Elders and Chief Men of the Land, and fay unto them, Verily the ( 58 ) If the Club Bearers ever relinquifh, or lay down their Clubs through any Mifhap or Ne- ceffity ; before they encircle the Objea of their Vengeance, they dare not refume them again, as it is prefumed, that it was fo ordered by their God, in tender Mercy to the Delinquents, who are accordingly acquitted of that Offence. Upon the Deceafe of an Adult of either Sex, the Friends and Relations of the Decedent re- ligioufly colled whatever he or fhe held moft dear in Life, and inter them clofe by and fome- times in their Owner's Grave. This pious Tribute to their Dead includes Horfes, Cows, Hogs and Dogs, as well as Things inanimate. A Girl of about 16 Years of Age died a few Days before I left the Nation. She had procured from a Spanifk Officer at Penfacola, a likely Boar-Pig of the Spaniyk Breed, which fhe brought Home, and cherifhed in her Bo- fom, until he waxed ftrong, and became an ufeful Member in his Generation. Now when her Brethren, and the young Men of the Land, perceived that the Damfel was dead; they arofe up and purfued after the Boar and flew him. And a certain young Man of the Houfe of Illefenekaw flood up in the Midit of the Congregation, and faid; I will go unto my Lord the King and unto the Elders and Chief Men of the Land, and fay unto them, Verily the ( 58 ) If the Club Bearers ever relinquifh, or lay down their Clubs through any Mifhap or Ne- ceffity ; before they encircle the Object of their Vengeance, they dare not refume them again, as it is prefumed, that it was fo ordered by their God, in tender Mercy to the Delinquents, who are accordingly acquitted of that Offence. Upon the Deceafe of an Adult of either Sex, the Friends and Relations of the Decedent re- ligioufly colled whatever he or fhe held molt dear in Life, and inter them clofe by and fome- times in their Owner's Grave. This pious Tribute to their Dead includes Horfes, Cows, Hogs and Dogs, as well as Things inanimate. A Girl of about 16 Years of Age died a few Days before I left the Nation. She had procured from a Spanzyk Officer at Penfacola, a likely Boar-Pig of the Spanzyk Breed, which fhe brought Home, and cherifhed in her Bo- fom, until he waxed ftrong, and became an ufeful Member in his Generation. Now when her Brethren, and the young Men of the Land, perceived that the Damfel was dead; they arofe up and purfued after the Boar and flew him. And a certain young Man of the Houfe of Illefenekaw flood up in the Midit of the Congregation, and faid; I will go unto my Lord the King and unto the Elders and Chief Men of the Land, and fay unto them, Verily the  ( 59 ) the Big Boar of ChattaAoutchee is flain; by the Arrows of the Sons of Ninewaw is he fallen 1 And they faid unto him Go: And he departed and went unto the King, and unto the Elders and Chief Men of the Land, and reported all thefe Things; faying, Verily the Big Boar of Chattahoutchee is flain, by the Arrows of the Sons of Ninewaw is he fallen. And when the King and the Elders and Chief Men heared thereof, they drank ftrong Drink and grew exceeding Wroth, faying ; the Blood of the Boar be upon the Head of thofe, who have wrought this Evil in Coweta; for they wit not that the Damfel was dead-This extraordinary Circumftance extorted from me an Epitaph on the Damfel and the Boar, who are now Jointenants of one Grave. Beneath this Turf a Woman, Lies burried with a Boar; Which to all Sows was common, As /he to all Men, Whore. The Creeks regularly make a Burnt Offer- ing of what they conceive to be the mot de- licious Parts of every Animal taken in Hunt- ing, before they prefume to tafte a Mouthful. The Parts they commit to the Flames are proportioned to the Size of the Animal, pro- bably about 2 or 3 lb. from a Buffalo, and till lefs in a regular gradation down to the fmalleft Quadrupede, Fifh or Bird. The ( 59 ) the Big Boar of Chattahoutchee is flain; by the Arrows of the Sons of Ninewaw is he fallen ! And they faid unto him Go: And he departed and went unto the King, and unto the Elders and Chief Men of the Land, and reported all thefe Things; faying, Verily the Big Boar of Chattahoutchee is flain, by the Arrows of the Sons of Ninewaw is he fallen. And when the King and the Elders and Chief Men heared thereof, they drank ftrong Drink and grew exceeding Wroth, faying ; the Blood of the Boar be upon the Head of thofe, who have wrought this Evil in Coweta; for they wit not that the Damfel was dead- This extraordinary Circumftance extorted from me an Epitaph on the Damfel and the Boar, who are now Jointenants of one Grave. Beneath this Turf a Woman, Lies burried with a Boar; Which to all Sows was common, As fhe to all Men, Whore. The Creeks regularly make a Burnt Offer- ing of what they conceive to be the moft de- licious Parts of every Animal taken in Hunt- ing, before they prefume to tafte a Mouthful. The Parts they commit to the Flames are proportioned to the Size of the Animal, pro- bably about 2 or 3 lb. from a Buffalo, and Rill lefs in a regular gradation down to the fmalleft Quadrupede, Fifh or Bird. The ( 59 ) the Big Boar of Chattahoutchee is flain; by the Arrows of the Sons of Ninewaw is he fallen 1 And they faid unto him Go: And he departed and went unto the King, and unto the Elders and Chief Men of the Land, and reported all thefe Things; faying, Verily the Big Boar of Chattahoutchee is flain, by the Arrows of the Sons of Ninewaw is he fallen. And when the King and the Elders and Chief Men heared thereof, they drank ftrong Drink and grew exceeding Wroth, faying ; the Blood of the Boar be upon the Head of thofe, who have wrought this Evil in Coweta; for they wift not that the Damfel was dead-This extraordinary Circumftance extorted from me an Epitaph on the Damfel and the Boar, who are now Jointenants of one Grave. Beneath this Turf a Woman, Lies burried with a Boar; Which to all Sows was common, As /he to all Men, Whore. The Creeks regularly make a Burnt Offer- ing of what they conceive to be the moft de- licious Parts of every Animal taken in Hunt- ing, before they prefume to tafte a Mouthful The Parts they commit to the Flames are proportioned to the Size of the Animal, pro- bably about 2 or 3 lb. from a Buffalo, and nill lefs in a regular gradation down to the fmalleft Quadrupede, Fifh or Bird. The  ( 6o ) The Creeks like the Otaheiteans as menti- oned in Cook's Voyages, have a Cuftom of Talowing themfelves, and probably upon fimi- lar Principles. The young and old of both Sexes undergo this Operation in Silence, and without the leaft mufcular Diftortion. I faw it performed upon a Child of 4 Years old, who when releafed gave a Shout, and faid, now "1'm a Man, and a Warrior too." Thofe who live in Townfhips are Tenants in Common of large extenfive Fields of Corn, Rice and Potatoes, which commonly lie on the fat low-Grounds of fome River conveni- ent to their Towns. The Cultivation of the Soil and almoft every domeftic Drudgery are impofed upon their Wo- men, who are lefs prolific than ours ; probably owing to their hard Labour and exceffively coarfe and fcanty Diet. A long rainy Seafon had rendered their Fields fo quaggy that all Cultivation was impradicable ; they durft not even venture to cut down the tall rank Weeds which towered above their Corn. In this ge- neral Diftrefs an old Conjuror, of the Name of Senetahawgo ftept forth into the Square, and thus harrangued the liftening Crowd: " Men &' warriors of Coweta, Broken-Arrow &- Cuffatee, "THE great God of Thunder and Light- ning and of Rain, who Rfands upon the aerial Battle- ( 60 ) The Creeks like the Otaheiteans as menti- oned in Cook's Voyages, have a Cuftom of Tatowing themfelves, and probably upon fimi- lar Principles. The young and old of both Sexes undergo this Operation in Silence, and without the leaft mufcular Diftortion. I faw it performed upon a Child of 4 Years old, who when releafed gave a Shout, and faid, now "I'm a Man, and a Warrior too." Thofe who live in Townfhips are Tenants in Common of large extenfive Fields of Corn, Rice and Potatoes, which commonly lie on the fat low-Grounds of fome River conveni- ent to their Towns. The Cultivation of the Soil and almoft every domeftic Drudgery are impofed upon their Wo- men, who are lefs prolific than ours ; probably owing to their hard Labour and exceffively coarfe and fcanty Diet. A long rainy Seafon had rendered their Fields fo quaggy that all Cultivation was impra&icable ; they durft not even venture to cut down the tall rank Weeds which towered above their Corn. In this ge- neral Diftrefs an old Conjuror, of the Name of Senelahawgo ftept forth into the Square, and thus harrangued the liftening Crowd: " Men & warriors of Coweta, Broken-Arrow &- Cufatee, "THE great God of Thunder and Light- ning and of Rain, who ftands upon the aerial Battle- ( 60 ) The Creeks like the Otakeileans as menti- oned in Cook's Voyages, have a Cuftom of Tatowing themfelves, and probably upon fimi- lar Principles. The young and old of both Sexes undergo this Operation in Silence, and without the leaft mufcular Diftortion. I faw it performed upon a Child of 4 Years old, who when releafed gave a Shout, and faid, now "i'm a Man, and a Warrior too." Thofe who live in Townfhips are Tenants in Common of large extenfive Fields of Corn, Rice and Potatoes, which commonly lie on the fat low-Grounds of fome River conveni- ent to their Towns. The Cultivation of the Soil and almoft every domeftic Drudgery are impofed upon their Wo- men, who are lefs prolific than ours ; probably owing to their hard Labour and exceffively coarfe and fcanty Diet. A long rainy Seafon had rendered their Fields fo quaggy that all Cultivation was impracicable ; they durft not even venture to cut down the tall rank Weeds which towered above their Corn. In this ge- neral Diftrefs an old Conjuror, of the Name of Senelahawgo ftept forth into the Square, and thus harrangued the liftening Crowd: " Men &° warriors of Cowera, Broken-Arrow & Cuffatee, " THE great God of Thunder and Light- ning and of Rain, who ftands upon the aerial Battle-  ( 61 ) Battlements of Heaven, hath raifed his angry terrifonous Voice, and with the Lightnings flafhing from his Eyes, hath rent the Bofom of the Clouds I He hath hidden the Sun be- hind the Moon, and covered her Face with a Bear-Skin: With the Tails of numerous Bea- vers, he hath conceal'd the twinkling Stars ! We have been Traitors to our God, to Hip- po ilk Meco, to Lauco Wajhington ! We have rejedted the good Talk of Hippo ilk Meco, and lifnened to the lying Talk of Cherokees! We have infringed the Treaty with Lauco Wafjk- inglon in ftealing Horfes from his Children! Our young Men refufe to hunt :-their Guns are rufty and their Hatchets dull! They fell their Horfes, Cloaths and filver Ornaments for Rum. Our Women laugh at us and re- fufe to work: they are Proftitutes and fuckle the Children of white Men! Our Men are worfe than the Excrement of Dogs or Spani- ards:-Our Women viler than the Urine of Pole-Cats or the Vomit of Buzzards! For thefe Caufes are our Fields drenched by the angry Clouds of the Firmament. When will the gladfome Rays of Sol return and deficcate our flooded Fields? Ah! never till in Duft and Afhes we repent, and forfake our evil Ways. Men and Warriors, let us confefs our Faults and amend our Manners ; and ( 61 ) Battlements of Heaven, hath raifed his angry terrifonous Voice, and with the Lightnings flafhing from his Eyes, hath rent the Bofom of the Clouds! He hath hidden the Sun be- hind the Moon, and covered her Face with a Bear-Skin: With the Tails of numerous Bea- vers, he hath conceal'd the twinkling Stars ! We have been Traitors to our God, to Hip- po ilk Meco, to Lauco Wafhington ! We have rejedted the good Talk of Hippo ilk Meco, and liftened to the lying Talk of Cherokees! We have infringed the Treaty with Lauco WaA- inglon in ftealing Horfes from his Children! Our young Men refufe to hunt :-their Guns are rufty and their Hatchets dull! They fell their Horfes, Cloaths and filver Ornaments for Rum. Our Women laugh at us and re- fufe to work: they are Proftitutes and fuckle the Children of white Men! Our Men are worfe than the Excrement of Dogs or Spani- ards:-Our Women viler than the Urine of Pole-Cats or the Vomit of Buzzards! For thefe Caufes are our Fields drenched by the angry Clouds of the Firmament. When will the gladfome Rays of Sol return and deficcate our flooded Fields? Ah! never till in Duft and Afhes we repent, and forfake our evil Ways. Men and Warriors, let us confefs our Faults and amend our Manners; and ( 61 ) Battlements of Heaven, hath raifed his angry terrifonous Voice, and with the Lightnings flafhing from his Eyes, hath rent the Bofom of the Clouds ! He hath hidden the Sun be- hind the Moon, and covered her Face with a Bear-Skin: With the Tails of numerous Bea- vers, he hath conceal'd the twinkling Stars! We have been Traitors to our God, to Hzp- po ilk Meco, to Lauco Waqkington ! We have rejeaed the good Talk of Hippo ilk Meco, and liftened to the lying Talk of Cherokees! We have infringed the Treaty with Lauco Wafk- ington in ftealing Horfes from his Children! Our young Men refufe to hunt :-their Guns are rufty and their Hatchets dull! They fell their Horfes, Cloaths and filver Ornaments for Rum. Our Women laugh at us and re- fufe to work: they are Proftitutes and fuckle the Children of white Men! Our Men are worfe than the Excrement of Dogs or Spani- ards:-Our Women viler than the Urine of Pole-Cats or the Vomit of Buzzards! For thefe Caufes are our Fields drenched by the angry Clouds of the Firmament. When will the gladfome Rays of Sol return and deficcate our flooded Fields? Ah ! never till in Duft and Afhes we repent, and forfake our evil Ways. Men and Warriors, let us confefs our Faults and amend our Manners; and  ( 62 ) and then Sawgee Putchehafee will forgive us, and bid the Sun to fihew himfelf, and with a genial Warmth revive our drooping Corn.- My Sons, I'm very old and chilly ; the Mar- row of my Bones is dry, and fcarcely creeps the Blood along thefe Veins, which once in rapid Currents flow'd-I want a Keg of Rum. -My Daughters, I have fafted for three Days and Nights, and invoked my God in your Behalf.-I am hungry as a Wolf.-I want to eat fome Hog and Hominy." A plaintive dull Monoty conftitutes the vo- cal Mufic of the Creeks. They are paffion- ately fond of inftrumental Mufic, particularly that of the Violin, to which like Perfons bit- ten by the Turantula, they will dance for fe- veral Hours without the leaft Intermiffion. No People under Heaven are more attached to, or fwerve lefs from, the Cuftoms of their Anceftors than the Creeks. Whether this At- tachment originates in filial Piety, or in Igno- rance I cannotdetermine: ButasaClueforCon- jedure, let me relate their Mode of Cropping. They plant their Corn in Holes at an une- qual, tho' never greater Diftance than Tobac- co Hills, from one another. Twenty or thirty Grains are frequently thrown into an Hole which ( 62 ) and then Sawgee Putchekafee will forgive us, and bid the Sun to fhew himfelf, and with a genial Warmth revive our drooping Corn.- My Sons, I'm very old and chilly ; the Mar- row of my Bones is dry, and fcarcely creeps the Blood along thefe Veins, which once in rapid Currents flow'd-I want a Keg of Rum. -My Daughters, I have fatted for three Days and Nights, and invoked my God in your Behalf.-I am hungry as a Wolf.-I want to eat fome Hog and Hominy." A plaintive dull Monoty conftitutes the vo- cal Mufic of the Creeks. They are paffion- ately fond of inftrumental Mufic, particularly that of the Violin, to which like Perfons bit- ten by the Turantula, they will dance for fe- veral Hours without the leaft Intermiffion. No People under Heaven are more attached to, or fwerve lefs from, the Cuftoms of their Anceftors than the Creeks. Whether this At- tachment originates in filial Piety, or in Igno- rance I cannotdetermine: ButasaClueforCon- je6ture, let me relate their Mode of Cropping. They plant their Corn in Holes at an une- qual, tho' never greater Diftance than Tobac- co Hills, from one another. Twenty or thirty Grains are frequently thrown into an Hole which ( 62 ) and then Sawgee Putcheafee will forgive us, and bid the Sun to fhew himfelf, and with a genial Warmth revive our drooping Corn.- My Sons, I'm very old and chilly ; the Mar- row of my Bones is dry, and fcarcely creeps the Blood along thefe Veins, which once in rapid Currents flow'd-I want a Keg of Rum. -My Daughters, I have fafted for three Days and Nights, and invoked my God in your Behalf.-I am hungry as a Wolf.-I want to eat fome Hog and Hominy." A plaintive dull Monoty conftitutes the vo- cal Mufic of the Creeks. They are paffion- ately fond of inftrumental Mufic, particularly that of the Violin, to which like Perfons bit- ten by the Turantula, they will dance for fe- veral Hours without the leaft Intermiffion. No People under Heaven are more attached to, or fwerve lefs from, the Cuftoms of their Anceftors than the Creeks. Whether this At- tachment originates in filial Piety, or in Igno- rance I cannotdetermine: ButasaClueforCon- je6ture, let me relate their Mode of Cropping. They plant their Corn in Holes at an une- qual, tho' never greater Diftance than Tobac- co Hills, from one another. Twenty or thirty Grains are frequently thrown into an Hole which  [ 63 ] which produce as many earlefs Stalks, and which they will upon no Confideration fuffer to be thin'd. They fay a plough is nothing but a Horfe-trap, and therefore never ufe it, contenting themfelves with light Weeding Hoes, with which they barely fcalp the graffy Surface of their Fields. Their Inclofures are Fork and Rail Fences juft high enough to keep out horned Cattle. Whilft their Crops are in the Ground they tether out their Horfes, Hogs &c, to Trees, Stumps and Stakes. Tho' they have numerous limpid Streams of excel- lent Spring Water gufhing from their River Banks, yet like old Seneca they prefer the tepid Waters from their Creeks and Rivers. They fearcely ever weed, hill, prime, top or fuccour their Tobacco, and always cut and cure it very green over a hafty blaft of Fire, as they do their Killicanic or Sumac Leaves, which when mixed with Tobacco, emit a moft delightful Odour from the Pipe. This Preparation of Sumac and Tobacco, the Indians conftantly fmoke, and confider as a fovereign Remedy in all cephalic and pedoral Complaints. The Creeks in approaching the Frontiers of Georgia, always encamp on the right Hand fide of the Road or Path, affigning the left, as ominous, to the Larve or Ghofts of their departed Heroes who have either unfortunate- ly [ 63 ] which produce as many earlefs Stalks, and which they will upon no Confideration fuffer to be thin'd. They fay a plough is nothing but a Horfe-trap, and therefore never ufe it, contenting themfelves with light Weeding Hoes, with which they barely fcalp the graffy Surface of their Fields. Their Inclofures are Fork and Rail Fences juft high enough to keep out horned Cattle. Whilft their Crops are in the Ground they tether out their Horfes, Hogs &c, to Trees, Stumps and Stakes. Tho' they have numerous limpid Streams of excel- lent Spring Water gufhing from their River Banks, yet like old Seneca they prefer the tepid Waters from their Creeks and Rivers. They fcarcely ever weed, hill, prime, top or fuccour their Tobacco, and always cut and cure it very green over a hafty blaft of Fire, as they do their Killicanic or Sumac Leaves, which when mixed with Tobacco, emit a moft delightful Odour from the Pipe. This Preparation of Sumac and Tobacco, the Indians conftantly fmoke, and confider as a fovereign Remedy in all cephalic and pe6toral Complaints. The Creeks in approaching the Frontiers of Georgia, always encamp on the right Hand fide of the Road or Path, affigning the left, as ominous, to the Larvae or Ghofts of their departed Heroes who have either unfortunate- ly [ 63 ] which produce as many earlefs Stalks, and which they will upon no Confideration fuffer to be thin'd. They fay a plough is nothing but a Horfe-trap, and therefore never ufe it, contenting themfelves with light Weeding Hoes, with which they barely fcalp the graffy Surface of their Fields. Their Inclofures are Fork and Rail Fences juft high enough to keep out horned Cattle. Whilft their Crops are in the Ground they tether out their Horfes, Hogs &c, to Trees, Stumps and Stakes. Tho' they have numerous limpid Streams of excel. lent Spring Water gufhing from their River Banks, yet like old Seneca they prefer the tepid Waters from their Creeks and Rivers. They fearcely ever weed, hill, prime, top or fuccour their Tobacco, and always cut and cure it very green over a hafty blaft of Fire, as they do their Killicanic or Sumac Leaves, which when mixed with Tobacco, emit a moft delightful Odour from the Pipe. This Preparation of Sumac and Tobacco, the Indians conftantly fmoke, and confider as a fovereign Remedy in all cephalic and peaoral Complaints. The Creeks in approaching the Frontiers of Georgia, always encamp on the right Hand fide of the Road or Path, affigning the left, as ominous, to the Larvae or Ghofts of their departed Heroes who have either unfortunate- ly  ' 4/ 5  ( 65 ) ment and Urine, which attraied Swarms of Spani/h Flies and Beetles, whofe conftant Buzz had lull'd him into fweet Repofe. The Pow. ers of their Kings appear to be very circum- fcribed and nearly on a Par with thofe of a common County Magiftrate with us, the Li- mits of their refpedive Governments being fometimes confined to a fingle Townfhip, or a Spot of Ground not more than Ten Miles Square. M'Gillivray who is perpetual Dic- tator, in Time of War fubdelegates a Num- ber of Chieftains for the Direaion of all mi- litary Operations ; and when the War con- cludes, they, in Compenfation for their martial Atchievements, are inveted by the Didtator with civil Authority which fuper- fedes the hereditary Powers of their Demi- Kings. Tune 29th. The Little King of the Brok- en-Arrow returned, and furnifhed me with the following Catalogue of Indian Words, with a literal Tranflation to each by Mr. Darifoux, Linguift to the Lower Creeks. Sawgee PukAehajfe, God, or the Son a hi gee, Lie by his Side. Giver and Taker of Breath. Cowawigee, Mr. Thomas Kerr, Hippo ilk Meoo, M'Gillivray, or or the Little Partridge. the good Child King. Illefenelaw, the Baboon. Honuntaucoee, Do. or the Chulefenekaw, the mad Dog. great Man. Ninewara, lie in the Path. Chulehawfo, the mad Light- Senargoknn, wait for the Day. wood. uletiga, he efcaped from his Chkletawbe, the dry Pine. Enemy. Mecohawio, the mad King. Mif Sue e, H Pulchefua ( 65 ) ment and Urine, which attraded Swarms of Spani/h Flies and Beetles, whofe conftant Buzz had lull'd him into fweet Repofe. The Pow- ers of their Kings appear to be very circum- feribed and nearly on a Par with thofe of a common County Magiftrate with us, the Li- mits of their refpedtive Governments being fometimes confined to a fingle Townfhip, or a Spot of Ground not more than Ten Miles Square. M'Gillivray who is perpetual Dic- tator, in Time of War fubdelegates a Num- ber of Chieftains for the Direaion of all mi- litary Operations ; and when the War con- cludes, they, in Compenfation for their martial Atchievements, are inveted by the Di6dator with civil Authority which fuper- fedes the hereditary Powers of their Demi- Kings. fune 29th. The Little King of the Brok- en-Arrow returned, and furnifhed me with the following Catalogue of Indian Words, with a literal Tranflation to each by Mr. Darijoux, Linguift to the Lower Creeks. Sawgee PucheAffe, God, or the Sow a Si gee, Lie by his Side. Giver and Taker of Breath. Cowawigee, Mr. Thomas Kerr, Hippo ilk Meoa M'Gillivray, or or the Little Partridge. the good Child King. Ilefenekaw, the Baboon. Honuntauree, Do. or the Chule/enekaw, the mad Dog. great Man. Ninewaw, lie in the Path. CAuloeAawfo, the mad Light- Senetehango, wait for the Day. wood. Ielltiga, he efcaped from his Chukleawe, the dry Pine. Enemy. Merohajo, the mad King. Mifs Suakee, H Putchefua ( 65 ) ment and Urine, which attraded Swarms of Spani/h Flies and Beetles, whofe conftant Buzz had lull'd him into fweet Repofe. The Pow- ers of their Kings appear to be very circum- fcribed and nearly on a Par with thofe of a common County Magiftrate with us, the Li- mits of their refpedtive Governments being fometimes confined to a fingle Townfhip, or a Spot of Ground not more than Ten Miles Square. M'Gillivray who is perpetual Dic- tator, in Time of War fubdelegates a Num- ber of Chieftains for the Direaion of all mi- litary Operations ; and when the War con- cludes, they, in Compenfation for their martial Atchievements, are inveted by the Didator with civil Authority which fuper- fedes the hereditary Powers of their Demi- Kings. fune 29th. The Little King of the Brok- en-Arrow returned, and furnifhed me with the following Catalogue of Indian Words, with a literal Tranflation to each by Mr. Darifoux, Linguift to the Lower Creeks. Sawgte Pukhehaffe, God, or the Sow a Si gee, Lie by his Side. Giver and Taker of Breath. Cowawigee, Mr. Thomas Kerr, Hippo ilk Meo, M'Gillivray, or or the Little Partridge. the good Child King. IAefenekaw, the Baboon. Honuntaucee, Do. or the Chulefnekaw, the mad Dog. great Man. Ninean, lie in the Path. Chuloehawfo, the mad Light- Sentnhawgo, wait for the Day. wood. Iuletiga, he efcaped from his Ckauletawbe, the dry Pine. Enemy. Meoaharjo, the mad King. Mi/a Sukee, H Putchefua  ( 66 ) Pukhefna, An axe, Chulna, Pudendums Muliebre. Wewean, Nsensras, a Bull, Hiefda, Freminam fobagitare. Chartdfrrr. a Bridle. P1,/ke, the Break. Hatcher, a Creek. Epha, a Dog. Akem. Corn. Ep/ea HIvake.a a Bitch. Hero/kr. a Child. Noreenf/kr, a Bear. Et/eh-, a Deer. C/eanweasoon, a Goofe. Toatima, an Eye. Fatchu, a Duck. Ah Hif/r nmy Friend. Piens, a Tarkey. Coppo tkeko, an Hat, I/lke, a Squirrel. Choatto, Iron. Fafowow, a Bird. Mere, a King. Chfafe, a Sheep. Oeoeoo, Land. C/aofochee, a Hare or little Sheep r, Holkee, a white Man. Wwemo, a Racoon. IeChautee, an Indian or red Soka, a Hog. Man. Soda Ilotdee, an Opoffunm or Ijtee Lujle, a negro or black white Hog. Mao. Tdlafe, a Town. Hra/eta, a Woman. Ponornga, n Indian Talk. Stignee, an Owl, Niucre Hee Matkr? is this Catcha, a Panter. the Way? Cheitloc, an Horfe. f no a,/kda 9 where are you Itchca, a Gun, going? Sioofau, a Knife. Na ofirho Prnaee/a, I anm go- Osppo, a Coat. ing to Penfacola. OCp Loner, a great Coat. Jf Pe nata ica P wrhere did you Ch...~r, Blood, coto r lom? Stillkpiga, a Moccofon or Shoe .Nafa efoa New Orlres, I came lItte, a teen from New-Orleans. Tma , Fire. Wee Hummee, Rum, or firong Tofeena, Bacon. Water. Wan'cam Pi,/k, Milk. Fo in Churmba, a Bee, or a Fly Wawuaw Pilf//eNe/eon, Bolter, in Sweetoefs. Wasm .P/ee Torchnhgn,Chee Netts Na/kr, the Son. Tardkga, Bra. INet/re Ha/kr, the Moon. Orr/amfsaaw, Salt. Crreereonriba, a Star. Hafwaw, Penem. Tuelanign, a Warrior. Hafnikawo, Teficuli. Tr/osege Hakchee, Pea Creek, and Chanter Hatchee, Red River front a Bay of groat Eatent between St. Marks and Penfacola. Wee lanco Hatchee, yellow water River, mahes a large Bay in Sight of Penfacola. Wee Lare, black Waler Creek, empties into yellow Wa- tee River. Wee Hatkee, white Water Creek, and Wee Ca./Joppee, Cold Water Creek, empty into Coaker Hatchet, which forms the Bay of Penfacola. Took ( 66 ) Pukrjuea An nor, Chnine, Pudendum Muliebre. W'aweea Nuanowaw, a Bull. Hiefto, Fceminam fobagitare. Chnt/aforre a Bridle. P1'Jer, the Breakt. Hairee a Cree Epkea, a Dog. Arcer, Corn. Ephd/a Hekaio, a Bitch. Hero/ke, a Child. Nawnn/e, a Bear. .Ekr/er, a Deer. C/easmasrro, a Goofe. Trat/r, an Rye. Fat//e, a Dock. Ah Hifje, my Friend. Pirnna, a Turkey. Cappr tred., an Hat, 11kbo, a Squirrel. Cheattr, Iron. Pa/orate, a Bird. Merr, a King. Chefee, a Sbeep. Ocunna, Land. C/erferlte, a Mae or little Sheep lfe Hatdee, a white Man. Wrrknso, a Raron. Iyle Chaofee, an Indian or rod Suda, a Hog. Mn. Soda Hotkee, an Opoffom or 1/re Lo/re, a negro or black white-Hog. Man. Telafr, a Town. Hoekian a Woman. Poneega, no londian Talk. Siee an Owl, Nine Her Matkee? in thin Caha, a Panter. the Way 1 Chitloc, an Horde. I/e nor/rho? where are you Itce/er, a Gun, going? Slaofrau, a Knife. No a/c/er Prnfacela, I am go- Crtppe, a Coat, fog to Penfacola. Ceapp Laowe, a great CoaL. IIle Haio sfroP where did you Clutee, Blood. come from? Sfilhat/ga, a Moccolon or Shoe Nata efia New Orlens, I came ite, a tree, from New-Orleans. Troka, Fire. Wee Hummer, Rum, or liroog To /rena. Bacon. Water. Wawcawr P/,k e, Milk. Pr in Chunkd, a Bee, or a Fly Wanoam P/fee Ne/eam, Batter, in Sweetnefs. Wawc-oPi/ke Tocdoliga,Cheefe Netta HalJe, the Son. Tardot/ga, Bread. Net/re .Heifer, the Mooo. Or/er/wa wr Salt. Caeehrb/uoa. a Star. Hafomse. Penes. Tn/an/goa, a Warrior. Hafe/kore. Telldcull. Telasege Hatchser, Pea Creek, and Cheaua Hatches, Red River from a Bay of groat Rxtent brtween St. Marks and Penfacola. Wee lenwe Har/ee, yellow water River. makes a large Bay in Sight of Penfacola. Wee La/ler, black Water Creek, empties into yellow Wa. ter River. Wee Hatdee, white Water Creek, and Wee Cujfappre, Cold Water Creek, empty into Coadee Hatcher, which forms the Bay of Penfacola. Took ( 66 ) Pnkefna, Am ser, C/en/ea, Pudendum Muliehee. Wawowm Nanerecow, a Bull. Hi/ta, Fceminam fubagilare. C/enidfaeva. a Bridle. Piffee, the Breaft. Hafedere, a Creek. E4phe, a Dog. A/rhre, Corn. Epha Hee/ealo, a Bitch. Hocrser, a Child. Nawenfer, a Bear. Er/err, a Deer. C/easrasrrot, a Goofe. Tealo. n Rye. Futchw, a Duck. Ah Hi/kr, my Friend. P/,sea, a Turkey. Ca/Cp tredo, an Hat, Idie, a Squirrel. Cha tie, Iron. Fu/now, a Bird. Mere, a King. Chr/e, a Sheep. Oranna, Land. Chr/er/r, a Hare or little Sheep I/ce Hatdee, a white Man. Wmer, a Racoon. I,/C Chaeee an Indian or rod Soda, a Hog. Man. Suda Hotder, an Opoffom or 1/ee Lu/le, a negro or black white Hog. Man. Te/afe, a Town. Needle, a Woman. Penrrnga. an Indian Talk. Stigere, an Owl, H/eee Hee Mattee? in thin Osleda, a Pastor, the Way? C/s/kr, an Horfe. If e no 0/rhoP where are you 1kera, a Gun, goingI Slanfta, a Knife. No f/edo Penfaora, I am go- Capp,, a Coot. ing to Peofacola Coppsr Lawsr, a great Coat. .l/r nata i./caP where did you Chater, Blood, come from?1 Stili/ga, a Moccofon or Shoe Neeia efro New Orlrane, I come litre, a tree, from New-Orleans. Toatka, Fire. Wee Hammer, Rum, or ftrong Teferee, Bacon. Water. Woaoca Pier Milk. Fe in Chsuecb, a Bee, or a Fly Wawcaw Pt/ik Nreaw, Batter, in Sweetnefs. W-craPiffe Tarka/ga,Cheefe Hello Haes, the Son. Tuedahga, Bread. Netrea e Moon. Orkirhanfeatr, Salt . Creoeerhomda, a Star. Hafnow. Penes. Tuj/an/ga, a Warrior. Nafss/lraw, Teftitull. Tr/aeo Hlak/eee, Pea Crock. and C/tao/re Hatce, Red River fromt a Bay of groat Eatent between St. Marks and Penfacola. Wee launce Hat/de, yellow water River. msakes a large Bay in Sight of Penfacola. Wee Lun/er, black Water Creek, empties into yellow Wa- ter River. Wrr Hatke, white Waler Creek and Wee Cq/Jopet, Cold Water Creek, empty into Cenadee Hakcer, which forms the Bay of Penfacola. Took  ( 67 ) Took my Departure from the Nation in Company with a Mr. john Turvin, who in Courfe of the laft War, to efcape the Perfecu- tion of the Georgians, fled for Protedion to the Britgj Standard, where he continued till the Surrender of St. Auguftine, from whence he repaired to the Creek Nation, took a Wife, and commenced a Trader. He is a friendly honeft Man, though very irritable when he conceives the leaft Indignity offered to him. To footh his captious Temper which involved both him and me in frequent Difficulties, I had Recourfe to Adulation, fuch as, I'm fur- prifed Mr. Turvin, that a Gentleman of your good Senfe fhould condefcend to word it with fuch low-liv'd Wretches!-You, who have been educated in the Briti/h Camp, among Officers of the firnt Rank and Dignity !-Fie! Fie ! For a Gentleman to put himfelf upon a Level with fuch Cattle ! 7une 3oth. Late in the Evening we arriv- ed at an old deferted Indian Village, fituate on the Banks of Flint River, near an Hun- dred Miles from Chattahoutchee, with which it unites, and empties into the Ocean 50 Miles South of St. Marks.-About 30 Families from the Chattahoutchee Townfhips are re- fettling this Place. The late Rains had forced the River out of its Banks and rendered it ( 67 ) Took my Departure from the Nation in Company with a Mr. john Turvin, who in Courfe of the laft War, to efcape the Perfecu- tion of the Georgians, fled for Protetion to the Briti/h Standard, where he continued till the Surrender of St. Auguj/ine, from whence he repaired to the Creek Nation, took a Wife, and commenced a Trader. He is a friendly honeft Man, though very irritable when he conceives the leaft Indignity offered to him. To footh his captious Temper which involved both him and me in frequent Difficulties, I had Recourfe to Adulation, fuch as, I'm fur- prifed Mr. Turvin, that a Gentleman of your good Senfe fhould condefcend to word it with fuch low-liv'd Wretches!-You, who have been educated in the Briih Camp, among Officers of the firft Rank and Dignity !-Fie! Fie ! For a Gentleman to put himfelf upon a Level with fuch Cattle! 7une 3oth. Late in the Evening we arriv- ed at an old deferted Indian Village, fituate on the Banks of Flint River, near an Hun- dred Miles from Chattahoutchee, with which it unites, and empties into the Ocean 5o Miles South of St. Marks.-About 30 Families from the Chattahoutchee Townfhips are re- fettling this Place. The late Rains had forced the River out of its Banks and rendered it ( 67 ) Took my Departure from the Nation in Company with a Mr. 7ohn Turvin, who in Courfe of the laft War, to efcape the Perfecu- tion of the Georgians, fled for Prote6tion to the Briti/h Standard, where he continued till the Surrender of St. Auguftine, from whence he repaired to the Creek Nation, took a Wife, and commenced a Trader. He is a friendly honeft Man, though very irritable when he conceives the leaft Indignity offered to him. To footh his captious Temper which involved both him and me in frequent Difficulties, I had Recourfe to Adulation, fuch as, I'm fur- prifed Mr. Turvin, that a Gentleman of your good Senfe fhould condefcend to word it with fuch low-liv'd Wretches!-You, who have been educated in the Britih Camp, among Officers of the firft Rank and Dignity !-Fie! Fie ! For a Gentleman to put himfelf upon a Level with fuch Cattle ! 7une 3oth. Late in the Evening we arriv- ed at an old deferted Indian Village, fituate on the Banks of Flint River, near an Hun- dred Miles from Chattahoutchee, with which it unites, and empties into the Ocean 50 Miles South of St. Marks.-About 30 Families from the Chattahoutchee Townfhips are re- fettling this Place. The late Rains had forced the River out of its Banks and rendered it  ( 68 ) it impaffable to Mr. Turvin's Horfes which were loaded with Beaver-Skins. In this per- plexity two young Fellows very opportunely came up and proffered their Affiftance in the Conftruaion of a Raft, compofed of the Tim- bers from the old Village Houfes.-When we had croffed the Stream, they propofed going with us as far as the fcederal Fort on the Oconee, to which we readily affented, and found them very traaable in rendering every poffible Aid in fimilar Predicaments. 7uly 2 Encamped on the Banks of Ock- mulga about 30 Miles from Flint. Here alfo we had Recourfe to our Indian Friends for an- other Raft as well as a Shelter from a mot vio- lent Rain which was then defcending. They foon conftruded both; the former with dry Logs, the latter with the Bark of Pines.- Ockmulga unites with the Oconee, and forms the Alatamaka which empties into the Sea North of St. Mary's River, and is navigable for Veffels of 40 or 50 Tons Burthen 300 Miles from its Mouth. Late in the Evening arrived at, and continued on the Banks of the Oconee, which was impaffible for two Days.-Here our Proviffions were exhaufted, and Turvin and myfelf appeared like Men without Hope, having left all our Ammunition on the South Bank of the Ockmulga at our laft Encamp- ment ( 68 ) it impaffable to Mr. Turvin's Horfes which were loaded with Beaver-Skins. In this per- plexity two young Fellows very opportunely came up and proffered their Affiftance in the Conftrudtion of a Raft, compofed of the Tim- bers from the old Village Houfes.-When we had croffed the Stream, they propofed going with us as far as the federal Fort on the Oconee, to which we readily affented, and found them very tradable in rendering every poffible Aid in fimilar Predicaments. Yuly 2 Encamped on the Banks of Ock- mulga about 30 Miles from Flint. Here alfo we had Recourfe to our Indian Friends for an. other Raft as well as a Shelter from a moft vio- lent Rain which was then defcending. They foon conftruded both; the former with dry Logs, the latter with the Bark of Pines.- Ockmulga unites with the Oconee, and forms the Alatamaha which empties into the Sea North of St. Mary's River, and is navigable for Veffels of 40 or 50 Tons Burthen 300 Miles from its Mouth. Late in the Evening arrived at, and continued on the Banks of the Oconee, which was impaffible for two Days.-Here our Proviffions were exhaufted, and Turvin and myfelf appeared like Men without Hope, having left all our Ammunition on the South Bank of the Ockmulga at our laft Encamp- ment ( 68 ) it impaffable to Mr. Turvin's Horfes which were loaded with Beaver-Skins. In this per- plexity two young Fellows very opportunely came up and proffered their Affiftance in the Conftruiiion of a Raft, compofed of the Tim- bers from the old Village Houfes.-When we had croffed the Stream, they propofed going with us as far as the fcederal Fort on the Oconee, to which we readily affented, and found them very traaable in rendering every poffible Aid in fimilar Predicaments. 7uly 2 Encamped on the Banks of Ock- mulga about 30 Miles from Flint. Here alfo we had Recourfe to our Indian Friends for an- other Raft as well as a Shelter from a moft vio- lent Rain which was then defcending. They foon conftruded both; the former with dry Logs, the latter with the Bark of Pines.- Ockmulga unites with the Oconee, and forms the Alatamaha which empties into the Sea North of St. Mary's River, and is navigable for Veffels of 40 or 50 Tons Burthen 300 Miles from its Mouth. Late in the Evening arrived at, and continued on the Banks of the Oconee, which was impaffible for two Days.-Here our Proviffions were exhaufted, and Turvin and myfelf appeared like Men without Hope, having left all our Ammunition on the South Bank of the Ockmulga at our laft Encamp- ment  ( 69 ) ment. We communicated our Diftrefs and Misfortune to our Indian Friends. They fmiled at our Perplexity, and without inform- ing us of their Intentions, immediately took different Routes, and in about 3 Hours re- turned, one with an Oof/um, the other with about a Peck of Turtle Eggs, on which we fared fumptioufly during our two Days Con- finement. fuly - Early in the Morning we diveted ourfelves of all our Cloathing, and confined it on the Tops of the Beaver Packs ; then each Man with one end of a long Rope tied round his Horfe's Neck, and holding the other in his left Hand, plunged into the Stream and fwam to the oppofite Shore. In this hazardous and voluntary Attempt we in fome Meafure imitated what Cafar did through Accident and Love of Fame, when cat away. Thus hav- ing braved Oconee's rough, rocky, rapid Stream which was then upwards of 200 Yards in Width, we refumed our Drefs, mounted our Nags, and in 2 Hour's Time reached the Fce- deral Fort on the Eaftern Bank of the River, about io Miles below the Place where we croffed, and 2 Miles below the Rock Land- ing. At the Fort I continued 4 Days ; being invited by Major Call, Capt. Rudolkh, Lieut. Martin and Enfign Clay to fpend the Anni- verfary ( 69 ) ment. We communicated our Diftrefs and Misfortune to our Indian Friends. They fmiled at our Perplexity, and without inform- ing us of their Intentions, immediately took different Routes, and in about 3 Hours re- turned, one with an Oofum, the other with about a Peck of Turtle Eggs, on which we fared fumptioufly during our two Days Con- finement. 7uly - Early in the Morning we divefted ourfelves of all our Cloathing, and confined it on the Tops of the Beaver Packs ; then each Man with one end of a long Rope tied round his Horfe's Neck, and holding the other in his left Hand, plunged into the Stream and fwam to the oppofite Shore. In this hazardous and voluntary Attempt we in fome Meafure imitated what Czfar did through Accident and Love of Fame, when cat away. Thus hav- ing braved Oconee's rough, rocky, rapid Stream which was then upwards of 200 Yards in Width, we refumed our Drefs, mounted our Nags, and in 2 Hour's Time reached the Fe- deral Fort on the Eaftern Bank of the River, about io Miles below the Place where we croffed, and 2 Miles below the Rock Land- ing. At the Fort I continued 4 Days ; being invited by Major Call, Capt. Rudolph, Lieut. Martin and Enfign Clay to fpend the Anni- verfary ( 69 ) ment. We communicated our Diftrefs and Misfortune to our Indian Friends. They fmiled at our Perplexity, and without inform- ing us of their Intentions, immediately took different Routes, and in about 3 Hours re- turned, one with an Oofum, the other with about a Peck of Turtle Eggs, on which we fared fumptioufly during our two Days Con- finement. fuly - Early in the Morning we divefted ourfelves of all our Cloathing, and confined it on the Tops of the Beaver Packs ; then each Man with one end of a long Rope tied round his Horfe's Neck, and holding the other in his left Hand, plunged into the Stream and fwam to the oppofite Shore. In this hazardous and voluntary Attempt we in fome Meafure imitated what Cafar did through Accident and Love of Fame, when caft away. Thus hav- ing braved Oconee's rough, rocky, rapid Stream which was then upwards of 200 Yards in Width, we refumed our Drefs, mounted our Nags, and in 2 Hour's Time reached the Fc- deral Fort on the Eaftern Bank of the River, about to Miles below the Place where we croffed, and 2 Miles below the Rock Land- ing. At the Fort I continued 4 Days; being invited by Major Call, Capt. Rudolph, Lieut. Martin and Enfign Clay to fpend the Anni- verfary  ( 70 ) verfary of American Independence with them. The Rejoicings of the Day were ufhered in by the Difcharge of Muiketry and Cannon under the I)ireaion of fkillful Officers in each Department, at whofe Expenfe a genteel Din- ner was provided under a fpacious Booth ; to the Participation of which, Ladies and Gen- tlemen from the Country were invited. Se- veral fentimental Toafts fuitable to the Celi- brity of the Day were drank, and at 6 o'Clock the Company repaired to a large Room in Town and partook of an excellent Supper, af- ter which, with the Introduation of Minuets, Cotillions and Country Dances, the Evening was clofed to the entire fatisfaaion of all Par- ties. On this Occafion Major Call with his ufual Politenefs invited my two Indian Com- panions, who expreffed a ftrong Defire to en- lift into our fervice, in which they concluded that a Man might wear fine Cloaths and fare fumptuoufly every Day. The Town lies about half a Mile below the Fort, and the Buildings at both Places, confift of very rough, flight Materials, as if intended merely to anfwer a temporary Shelter for a few Sojourners The Citizens however like other Southern People, are indolent, luxurious, fond of gaudy Appa- rel and pompous Equipage. Hither the Creek Indians, fince their late Treaty with Congrefs, bring their Peltry, Furs, &c. in Barter for Weft ( 70 ) verfary of American Independence with them. The Rejoicings of the Day were ufhered in by the Difcharge of Muiketry and Cannon under the Diredion of fkillful Officers in each Department, at whofe Expenfe a genteel Din- ner was provided under a fpacious Booth ; to the Participation of which, Ladies and Gen- tlemen from the Country were invited. Se- veral fentimental Toafts fuitable to the Celi- brity of the Day were drank, and at 6 o'Clock the Company repaired to a large Room in Town and partook of an excellent Supper, af- ter which, with the Introdution of Minuets, Cotillions and Country Dances, the Evening was clofed to the entire fatisfa&ion of all Par- ties. On this Occafion Major Call with his ufual Politenefs invited my two Indian Com- panions, who expreffed a ftrong Defire to en- lift into our fervice, in which they concluded that a Man might wear fine Cloaths and fare fumptuoufly every Day. The Town lies about half a Mile below the Fort, and the Buildings at both Places, confift of very rough, flight Materials, as if intended merely to anfwer a temporary Shelter for a few Sojourners The Citizens however like other Southern People, are indolent, luxurious, fond of gaudy Appa- rel and pompous Equipage. Hither the Creek Indians, fince their late Treaty with Congrefs, bring their Peltry, Furs, &c. in Barter for Weft ( 70 ) verfary of American Independence with them. The Rejoicings of the Day were ufhered in by the Difcharge of Muiketry and Cannon under the Direftion of fkillful Officers in each Department, at whofe Expenfe a genteel Din- ner was provided under a fpacious Booth ; to the Participation of which, Ladies and Gen- tlemen from the Country were invited. Se- veral fentimental Toafts fuitable to the Celi- brity of the Day were drank, and at 6 o'Clock the Company repaired to a large Room in Town and partook of an excellent Supper, af- ter which, with the Introduaion of Minuets, Cotillions and Country Dances, the Evening was clofed to the entire fatisfadion of all Par- ties. On this Occafion Major Call with his ufual Politenefs invited my two Indian Com- panions, who expreffed a ftrong Defire to en- lift into our fervice, in which they concluded that a Man might wear fine Cloaths and fare fumptuoufly every Day. The Town lies about half a Mile below the Fort, and the Buildings at both Places, confift of very rough, flight Materials, as if intended merely to anfwer a temporary Shelter for a few Sojourners The Citizens however like other Southern People, are indolent, luxurious, fond of gaudy Appa- rel and pompous Equipage. Hither the Creek Indians, fince their late Treaty with Congrefs, bring their Peltry, Furs, &c. in Barter for Weft  ( 7' ) Weft-India and European Goods to the almoft entire Exclufion of their former Merchants at Mobille, Penfacola and St. Marks.- I n Dig- ging a Well at this Place near the River Bank, the Workmen difcovered many Strata of white black and red friable Loam, which are ap- propriated to three feveral Ufes,viz: the white for Starch, the black for Soap and the red for common Paint. The latter Kind excited the Curiofity of an Indian fo far, that I faw him induftrioufly employed near an Hour, in the Collection of about a dozen Pounds which he carefully packed away in his Paint-bag. 7uly -. Took our leave of this Place at about Io o'Clock, and by 4 in the Evening arrived at, and paffed through Wafington, a fmall Townfhip fituate on the South Side of Oguechee River, at the upper End of the Falls, and moved on to another little Town about a Mile below it on the North Side, at the mouth of the Falls. I had only a tranfient View of thefe little Towns, which appeared to have been very lately erected ; a Defcription there- fore cannot be expe&ed. At Sunfet, encamped about half a Mile from the Road, convenient to a Spring, on whofe little Stream, our Horfes met with molt delightful tender vir- gin Cane. Here I undertook to teach Turvin the Lord's Prayer, which he foon learned, having ( 7' ) Weft-India and European Goods to the almoft entire Exclufion of their former Merchants at Mobille, Penfacola and St. Marks.-In Dig- ging a Well at this Place near the River Bank, the Workmen difcovered many Strata of white black and red friable Loam, which are ap- propriated to three feveral Ufes,viz: the white for Starch, the black for Soap and the red for common Paint. The latter Kind excited the Curiofity of an Indian fo far, that I faw him induftrioufly employed near an Hour, in the Colledion of about a dozen Pounds which he carefully packed away in his Paint-bag. yuly -. Took our leave of this Place at about 1o o'Clock, and by 4 in the Evening arrived at, and paffed through Wafington, a fmall Townfhip fituate on the South Side of Oguechee River, at the upper End of the Falls, and moved on to another little Town about a Mile below it on the North Side, at the mouth of the Falls. I had only a tranfient View of thefe little Towns, which appeared to have been very lately erected ; a Defcription there- fore cannot be expeded. At Sunfet, encamped about half a Mile from the Road, convenient to a Spring, on whofe little Stream, our Horfes met with molt delightful tender vir- gin Cane. Here I undertook to teach Turvin the Lord's Prayer, which he foon learned, having ( 71 ) Weft-India and European Goods to the almoft entire Exclufion of their former Merchants at Mobille, Penfacola and St. Marks.- In Dig- ging a Well at this Place near the River Bank, the Workmen difcovered many Strata of white black and red friable Loam, which are ap- propriated to three feveral Ufes,viz: the white for Starch, the black for Soap and the red for common Paint. The latter Kind excited the Curiofity of an Indian fo far, that I faw him induftrioufly employed near an Hour, in the Colleation of about a dozen Pounds which he carefully packed away in his Paint-bag. 7uly -. Took our leave of this Place at about io o'Clock, and by 4 in the Evening arrived at, and paffed through Waflington, a fmall Townfhip fituate on the South Side of Oguechee River, at the upper End of the Falls, and moved on to another little Town about a Mile below it on the North Side, at the mouth of the Falls. I had only a tranfient View of thefe little Towns, which appeared to have been very lately ereaed ; a Defcription there- fore cannot be expeited. At Sunfet, encamped about half a Mile from the Road, convenient to a Spring, on whofe little Stream, our Horfes met with molt delightful tender vir- gin Cane. Here I undertook to teach Turvin the Lord's Prayer, which he foon learned, having  ( 72 ) having, as he faid, had fome little Smattering of it before he went to the Creek Nation and married a damn'd Heathen.-After a ihort Repofe in order to avoid the fultry Heat of Noon, we arofe, colle&ed our Horfes, and purfued our Journey till to o'Clock the next Day, when we halted and refrefhed ourfelves and Nags till 3. At 5 o'Clock we paffed the Battle Ground where Turvin had been de- feated by the Creeks, previous to our War with Britain. The Recolledion of former Difafters rendered him fomewhat phlegmatic ; but when at 6 we came in Sight of the Houfe in which he had been born and raifed to Man's Eftate, and from which he had been driven His lab'ring Breaft inton'd a fullen Moan, " And Melancholy mark'd him for her own." What's the Matter my Friend, you appear to be melancholy? Oh! no Nothing, in parti- cular :-I was thinking about fome Parts of the Lord's Prayer. What Parts my Friend? Why, that Part where it fays "as we forgive them that trefpafs again) us," its very good I agree, but by G-d I don't think it will ever be in my Power to comply with it. Encamped within 15 Miles of Augufia, the Metropolis of Georgia, and entered it early the next morning.-Here my Friend Turvin and ( 72 ) having, as he faid, had fome little Smattering of it before he went to the Creek Nation and married a damn'd Heathen.-After a fhort Repofe in order to avoid the fultry Heat of Noon, we arofe, colleaed our Horfes, and purfued our Journey till to o'Clock the next Day, when we halted and refrefhed ourfelves and Nags till 3. At 5 o'Clock we paffed the Battle Ground where Turvin had been de- feated by the Creeks, previous to our War with Britain. The Recolleation of former Difafters rendered him fomewhat phlegmatic ; but when at 6 we came in Sight of the Houfe in which he had been born and raifed to Man's Eftate, and from which he had been driven His lab'ring Breaft inton'd a fullen Moan, " And Melancholy mark'd him for her own." What's the Matter my Friend, you appear to be melancholy? Oh! no Nothing, in parti- cular :-I was thinking about fome Parts of the Lord's Prayer. What Parts my Friend? Why, that Part where it fays "as we forgive them that trefpafs againfi us," its very good I agree, but by G-d I don't think it will ever be in my Power to comply with it. Encamped within 15 Miles of Augufla, the Metropolis of Georgia, and entered it early the next morning.-Here my Friend Turvin and ( 72 ) having, as he faid, had fome little Smattering of it before he went to the Creek Nation and married a damn'd Heathen.- After a fhort Repofe in order to avoid the fultry Heat of Noon, we arofe, collected our Horfes, and purfued our Journey till to o'Clock the next Day, when we halted and refrefhed ourfelves and Nags till 3. At 5 o'Clock we paffed the Battle Ground where Turvin had been de- feated by the Creeks, previous to our War with Britain. The Recolletion of former Difafters rendered him fomewhat phlegmatic ; but when at 6 we came in Sight of the Houfe in which he had been born and raifed to Man's Eftate, and from which he had been driven His lab'ring Breaft inton'd a fullen Moan, " And Melancholy mark'd him for her own." What's the Matter my Friend, you appear to be melancholy? Oh! no Nothing, in parti- cular :-I was thinking about fome Parts of the Lord's Prayer. What Parts my Friend? Why, that Part where it fays "as we forgive them that trefpafs again! us," its very good I agree, but by G-d I don't think it will ever be in my Power to comply with it. Encamped within 15 Miles of Augufta, the Metropolis of Georgia, and entered it early the next morning.-Here my Friend Turvin and  ( 73 ) and I feparated, with mutual Expreffions of Re- gret, and folemn Affurances of lafting Friend- fhip, and future Remembrance. He wifhed me Health, Peace and Competence, and advifed that whenever I fhould encamp in the Woods, always to raife a good Fire, and fleep with my Feet next to it. I wifhed him the like, and recommended to his particular Attention the Lord's Prayer, as the beft Diredory that was ever given to man. The Soil, from Penfacola to Augufia, except upon the Water Courfes where it is very fertile wears the gloomyFace of uniform Sterility; tho' being in a mild Region, is more Produdive than Ground of a fimilar Appearance in Vir- ginia.-I was much pleafed with Augufja and its high level Situation, but more fo with her Citizens and the reputable Families in its Vi- cinage. Previous to my Arrival here I was told by common Fame, that a great propor- tion of them confifted of infolvent Refugees from the northern States : but this is not the only Inftance in which her Ladyfhip hath di- viated from the Line of Truth and Candour. Influenced by fome Nabobs in the Modern Colchis, fhe hath alfo mifreprefented the whole State of Georgia, together with all Perfons and Things whatfoever, unto her belonging or in any wife appertaining. ( 73 ) and I feparated,with mutual Expreffions of Re- gret, and folemn Affurances of lafting Friend- fhip, and future Remembrance. He wifhed me Health, Peace and Competence, and advifed that whenever I fhould encamp in the Woods, always to raife a good Fire, and fleep with my Feet next to it. I wifhed him the like, and recommended to his particular Attention the Lord's Prayer, as the beft Diredory that was ever given to man. The Soil, from Penfacola to Augujla, except upon the Water Courfes where it is very fertile wears the gloomyFace ofuniform Sterility; tho' being in a mild Region, is more Productive than Ground of a fimilar Appearance in Vir- ginia.-I was much pleafed with Augu/a and its high level Situation, but more fo with her Citizens and the reputable Families in its Vi- cinage. Previous to my Arrival here I was told by common Fame, that a great propor- tion of them confifted of infolvent Refugees from the northern States : but this is not the only Inftance in which her Ladyfhip hath di- viated from the Line of Truth and Candour. Influenced by fome Nabobs in the Modern Colchis, fhe hath alfo mifreprefented the whole State of Georgia, together with all Perfons and Things whatfoever, unto her belonging or in any wife appertaining. ( 73 ) and I feparated,with mutual Expreffions of Re- gret, and folemn Affurances of lafting Friend- fhip, and future Remembrance. He wifhed me Health, Peace and Competence, and advifed that whenever I fhould encamp in the Woods, always to raife a good Fire, and fleep with my Feet next to it. I wifhed him the like, and recommended to his particular Attention the Lord's Prayer, as the heft Direaory that was ever given to man. The Soil, from Penfacola to Augufta, except upon the Water Courfes where it is very fertile wears the gloomyFace of uniform Sterility; tho' being in a mild Region, is more Produdtive than Ground of a fimilar Appearance in Vir- ginia.-I was much pleafed with Augufja and its high level Situation, but more fo with her Citizens and the reputable Families in its Vi- cinage. Previous to my Arrival here I was told by common Fame, that a great propor- tion of them confifted of infolvent Refugees from the northern States: but this is not the only Inftance in which her Ladyfhip hath di- viated from the Line of Truth and Candour. Influenced by fome Nabobs in the Modern Colchais, fhe hath alfo mifreprefented the whole State of Georgia, together with all Perfons and Things whatfoever, unto her belonging or in any wife appertaining. I A I A I A  ( 74 ) A wonderful Spirit for Building feems to have permeated every Rank and Clafs of Peo- ple in and about this Place-A fine elegant Bridge of fuperior Strenth to any of its Size I ever faw, ftretches itfelf over the noble River Savannahs, right abreaft of the Town, where it is navigable for Veffels of 50 or 60 Tons Burthen. The Bridge, together with many fine Houfes now ereaed and ereding here and in its Neighbourhood, do honor to Augufta, which will e're long vie with, if not eclipfe the former Seat of Government, in Buildings, Population, Trade and Commerce.-The Au- guftiansare remarkable for their Generofity and Politenefs, the Effeacs of which, I as a Stranger particularly experienced, at the Hands of two profeffional Gentlemen, Meffrs Smelt & Wil- liamfon.-During my Continuance in this Neighbourhood, I paid a Vifit to his Excel- lency William Telfair, the prefent Governor of the State. He appeared to be a worthy honeft Man, endowed with plain good Senfe and great Simplicity of Manners. I am told that he is an Encourager of Agriculture and Mechanics, a good Moralift and bounteous Benefador to the meritorious Poor and Indigent. After having fpent an agreeable Time at this Place, in the Society of both old and new Acquain- tance, I proceeded down the River in a long Keelbottomed decked Boat, laden with 72 Hogfheads ( 74 ) A wonderful Spirit for Building feems to have permeated every Rank and Clafs of Peo- ple in and about this Place-A fine elegant Bridge of fuperior Strenth to any of its Size I ever faw, ftretches itfelf over the noble River Savannah, right abreaft of the Town, where it is navigable for Veffels of 5o or 60 Tons Burthen. The Bridge, together with many fine Houfes now ereded and eredling here and in its Neighbourhood, do honor to Augufla, which will e're long vie with, if not eclipfe the former Seat of Government, in Buildings, Population, Trade and Commerce.-The Au- gufliansare remarkable for their Generofity and Politenefs, the Effeas of which, I as a Stranger particularly experienced, at the Hands of two profeffional Gentlemen, Meffrs Smell & Wil- liamfon.- During my Continuance in this Neighbourhood, I paid a Vifit to his Excel- lency William Telfair, the prefent Governor of the State. He appeared to be a worthy honeft Man, endowed with plain good Senfe and great Simplicity of Manners. I am told that he is an Encourager of Agriculture and Mechanics, a good Moralift and bounteous Benefador to the meritorious Poor and Indigent. After having fpent an agreeable Time at this Place, in the Society of both old and new Acquain- tance, I proceeded down the River in a long Keelbottomed decked Boat, laden with 72 Hogfheads ( 74 ) A wonderful Spirit for Building feems to have permeated every Rank and Clafs of Peo- ple in and about this Place-A fine elegant Bridge of fuperior Strenth to any of its Size I ever faw, ftretches itfelf over the noble River Savannah, right abreaft of the Town, where it is navigable for Veffels of 50 or 6o Tons Burthen. The Bridge, together with many fine Houfes now ereaed and erecting here and in its Neighbourhood, do honor to Augufla, which will e're long vie with, if not eclipfe the former Seat of Government, in Buildings, Population, Trade and Commerce.-The Au- guftiansare remarkable for their Generofity and Politenefs, the Effeds of which, I as a Stranger particularly experienced, at the Hands of two profeffional Gentlemen, Meffrs Smelt & Wil- liamfon.- During my Continuance in this Neighbourhood, I paid a Vifit to his Excel- lency William Telfair, the prefent Governor of the State. He appeared to be a worthy honeft Man, endowed with plain good Senfe and great Simplicity of Manners. I am told that he is an Encourager of Agriculture and Mechanics, a good Moralift and bounteous Benefacior to the meritorious Poor and Indigent. After having fpent an agreeable Time at this Place, in the Society of both old and new Acquain- tance, I proceeded down the River in a long Keelbottomed decked Boat, laden with 72 Hogfheads  ( 75 ) Hogfheads of Tobacco, and feveral Thoufand Pounds Weight of various Kinds of Peltry, &c. This Boat had a decent Cabin fufficiently large for the Accommodation of the Captain and myfelf. Juft below Augaja large extenfive Corn and Tobacco Fields commence, and from their Luxuriance of Growth, evince the amazing Fertility of Soil. On Beech Ifland and the Plantations of Meffrs Bugg and Watkins, I faw Cornfields of equal, if not fuperior Growth and Produdion, to the beft Spots in Kentuckey. On the 4th Day of our Paffage from Augufta, we anchor'd abreaft of Ebenezer, an old incon- fiderable and declining Village, fituate on an high commanding Bluff, on the Georgian Side, from whence runs off a great Extent of level, tho' very fandy, piney barren Land-Here the Brit ih Troops, whilft in Poffeffion of Savan- nah in 1779, eftablifhed a Garrifon of about 1500 Men, aided by a good Train of Artillery, ftrong Fortifications and deep Intrenchments, which however were no Impediment to the rapid Career of General Wayne, at the Head of his victorious Myrmidons. At Break of Day weighed Anchor and pro- ceeded down to a Col. M---e's on the North Side of the River, in Order to land fome Dry Goods for a neighboring Gentleman. Previ- ous ( 75 ) Hogfheads of Tobacco, and feveral Thoufand Pounds Weight of various Kinds of Peltry, &c. This Boat had a decent Cabin fufficiently large for the Accommodation of the Captain and myfelf. Juft below Augufta large extenfive Corn and Tobacco Fields commence, and from their Luxuriance of Growth, evince the amazing Fertility of Soil. On Beech Ifland and the Plantations of Meffrs Bugg and Watkins, I faw Cornfields of equal, if not fuperior Growth and Produdion, to the beft Spots in Kentuckey. On the 4th Day of our Paffage from Auguj/a, we anchor'd abreaft of Ebenezer, an old incon- fiderable and declining Village, fituate on an high commanding Bluff, on the Georgian Side, from whence runs off a great Extent of level, tho' very fandy, piney barren Land-Here the Britzyh Troops, whilft in Poffeffion of Savan- naA in 1779, eftablifhed a Garrifon of about 15oo Men, aided by a good Train of Artillery, ftrong Fortifications and deep Intrenchments, which however were no Impediment to the rapid Career of General Wayne, at the Head of his vidorious Myrmidons. At Break of Day weighed Anchor and pro. ceeded down to a Col. M---e's on the North Side of the River, in Order to land fome Dry Goods for a neighboring Gentleman. Previ- ous ( 75 ) Hogfheads of Tobacco, and feveral Thoufand Pounds Weight of various Kinds of Peltry, &c. This Boat had a decent Cabin fufficiently large for the Accommodation of the Captain and myfelf. Juftbelow Augujla large extenfive Corn and Tobacco Fields commence, and from their Luxuriance of Growth, evince the amazing Fertility of Soil. On Beech Ifland and the Plantations of Meffrs Bugg and Watkins, I faw Cornfields of equal, if not fuperior Growth and Produaion, to the beft Spots in Kentuckey. On the 4th Day of our Paffage from Augu/la, we anchor'd abreaft of Ebenezer, an old incon- fiderable and declining Village, fituate on an high commanding Bluff, on the Georgian Side, from whence runs off a great Extent of level, tho' very fandy, piney barren Land-Here the Briti/h Troops, whilft in Poffeffion of Savan- nah in 1779, eftablifhed a Garrifon of about 150o Men, aided by a good Train of Artillery, ftrong Fortifications and deep Intrenchments, which however were no Impediment to the rapid Career of General Wayne, at the Head of his viaorious Myrmidons. At Break of Day weighed Anchor and pro- ceeded down to a Col. M---e's on the North Side of the River, in Order to land fome Dry Goods for a neighboring Gentleman. Previ- ous  [ 76 ] ous to my Arrival at his Houfe, the Captain had given me a particular Detail of his puni- tory Inflidions, on the Tories and others dur- ing the laft War, all which he carried on under the fpecious Pretext of his being a Whig-Offi- cer in the American Service ; tho' in Fa& no- thing more than a common Free-booter. I fhall ever remember the Voice and patibulary, Cain-like Countenance of the Man, when the Captain introduced him to me. Tho' he is very uxorious of his prefent Spoufe, and ten- der of her Offspring, yet common Report does not hefitate to fay, that he difpatched his for- mer Wife and only Son, by a Bowl of ftrong and deadly Poifon, which he impofed upon them as a Dofe of Indian Phyfic. " A Rugged Wight the worft of Brutes this Man " On his own Fellow-Creatures ruthlefs prey'd " The ftrongeft he, the weakeft over-ran " And o'er each Band of Brother-Robbers fway'd ; " For Guile and ruffian Force were all his Trrde: " His Life a Scene of Rapine, Want and Woe ; " Swift as an Indian Arrow Blood to fhed "And caufe the Orphan's, Widow's Tears to Flow." -O K T H U 5 - Dame Nature once produc'd a Dunce, Her plaftic Art to Phew, And o'er his Head, replete with Lead, A brazen Helmet threw. With folid Block from Mountain Rock, Hew'd out with little Art, She tho't the beft, to fill his Cheft, And reprefent a Heart. Thus [ 76 ] ous to my Arrival at his Houfe, the Captain had given me a particular Detail of his puni- tory Infliions, on the Tories and others dur- ing the laft War, all which he carried on under the fpecious Pretext of his being a Whig-Offi- cer in the American Service ; tho' in Fa& no- thing more than a common Free-booter. I (hall ever remember the Voice and patibulary, Cain-like Countenance of the Man, when the Captain introduced him to me. Tho' he is very uxorious of his prefent Spoufe, and ten- der of her Offspring, yet common Report does not hefitate to fay, that he difpatched his for- mer Wife and only Son, by a Bowl of ftrong and deadly Poifon, which he impofed upon them as a Dofe of Indian Phyfic. " A Rugged Wight the worft of Brutes this Man " On his own Fellow-Creatures ruthlefs prey'd " The ftrongeft he, the weakeft over-ran " And o'er each Band of Brother-Robbers fway'd; " For Guile and ruffian Force were all his Trrde " His Life a Scene of Rapine, Want and Woe ; " Swift as an Indian Arrow Blood to fhed " And caufe the Orphan's, Widow's Tears to Flow." -oR THUS:- Dame Nature once produc'd a Dunce, Her plaftic Art to fhew, And o'er his Head, replete with Lead, A braoen Helmet threw. With folid Block from Mountain Rock, Hew'd out with little Art, She tho't the belt, to fill his Cheft, And reprefent a Heart. Thus [ 76 ] ous to my Arrival at his Houfe, the Captain had given me a particular Detail of his puni- tory Infliaions, on the Tories and others dur- ing the laft War, all which he carried on under the fpecious Pretext of his being a Whig-Offi- cer in the American Service ; tho' in Fat no- thing more than a common Free-booter. I fhall ever remember the Voice and patibulary, Cain-like Countenance of the Man, when the Captain introduced him to me. Tho' he is very uxorious of his prefent Spoufe, and ten- der of her Offspring, yet common Report does not hefitate to fay, that he difpatched his for- mer Wife and only Son, by a Bowl of ftrong and deadly Poifon, which he impofed upon them as a Dofe of Indian Phyfic. " A Rugged Wight the worft of Brutes this Man "On his own Fellow-Creatures ruthlefs prey'd: " The ftrongeft he, the weakeft over-ran " And o'er each Band of Brother-Robbers fway'd ; " For Guile and ruffian Force were all his Trrde: " His Life a Scene of Rapine, Want and Woe ; " Swift as an Indian Arrow Blood to Ihed " And caufe the Orphan's, Widow's Tears to Flow." -OR THUS:- Dame Nature once produc'd a Dunce, Her plaftic Art to Shew, And o'er his Head, replete with Lead, A brazen Helmet threw. With folid Block from Mountain Rock, Hew'd out with little Art, She tho't the beft, to fill his Cheft, And reprefent a Heart. Thus  ( 77 ) 3 Thus Head and Heart, the did impart, Adapted to the Size. Of this huge Breaft, who Rands confeft. A Bug-bear to our Eyes. 4 His Wife and Son, he fir fei'd on, And foon depriv'd of Breath; His torturd Slaves oext found their Graves, And feal'd their Woes in Death. 5 The Tory Herd next felt his Sword, Diftain'd with Human Gore ; And heard the Cry of Traitor die, Beneath the Hand of M.-.e. 7uly 20th. Early in the Morning weighed Anchor, and took a final Adieu of this Son of Iniquity.-Before the dread Tribunal of Almighty God he mutt e're long appear, and receive his final Doom....... May the Lord have Mercy on his Soul!.....At Noon we paffed a fmall and almoft depopulated Town, on the North Side of the River, called Puri/- burg, which was once to Savannah, what Ger- man- Town is now to Philadelphia. Late in the Evening of this Day, our Pilot run our Veffel aground, oppofite to the Seat of the late Ma- jor General Greene, where we continued until 4 o'Clock P. M. of the fucceeding Day, when with Difficulty we got afloat, by the Affiftance of the General's Slaves, Here begin on both Sides of the River very extenfive Fields of Corn, Rice and Indigo, convenient to which are Mills, Vats, &c. to manufac- ( 77 ) 3 Thus Head and Heart, the did impart, Adapted to the Size. Of this huge Breaft, who tands confeft, A Bug-bear to our Eyes. 4 His Wife and Son, he firft feiz'd on, And foon depriv'd of Breath ; His tortur'd Slaves next found their Graves, And feald their Woes in Death. 5 The Tory Herd next felt his Sword, Diftain'd with Human Gore; And heard the Cry of Traitor die, Beneath the Hand of M---e. 7nly 2oth. Early in the Morning weighed Anchor, and took a final Adieu of this Son of Iniquity.-Before the dread Tribunal of Almighty God he muft e're long appear, and receive his final Doom....... May the Lord have Mercy on his Soul !.....At Noon we paffed a fmall and almoft depopulated Town, on the North Side of the River, called Puri/- burg, which was once to Savannah, what Ger- man- Town is now to Philadelphia. Late in the Evening of this Day, our Pilot run our Veffel aground, oppofite to the Seat of the late Ma- jor General Greene, where we continued until 4 o'Clock P. M. of the fucceeding Day, when with Difficulty we got afloat, by the Affiftance of the General's Slaves, Here begin on both Sides of the River very extenfive Fields of Corn, Rice and Indigo, convenient to which are Mills, Vats, &c. to manufac- ( 77 ) 3 Thus Head and Heart, the did impart, Adapted to the Size. Of this huge Breaft, who Cands confeft, A Bug-bear to our Eyes. 4 His Wife and Son, he firit feiz'd on, And foon depriv'd of Breath; His tortur'd Slaves next found their Graves, And feald their Woes in Death. 5 The Tory Herd next felt his Sword, Diftain'd with Human Gore; And heard the Cry of Traitor die, Beneath the Hand of M---e. 7ffuly 20th. Early in the Morning weighed Anchor, and took a final Adieu of this Son of Iniquity.-Before the dread Tribunal of Almighty God he muft e're long appear, and receive his final Doom....... May the Lord have Mercy on his Soul!.....At Noon we paffed a fmall and almoft depopulated Town, on the North Side of the River, called Purif- burg, which was once to Savannah, what Ger- man- Town is now to Philadelphia. Late in the Evening of this Day, our Pilot run our Veffel aground, oppofite to the Seat of the late Ma- jor General Greene, where we continued until 4 o'Clock P. M. of the fucceeding Day, when with Difficulty we got afloat, by the Affiftance of the General's Slaves, Here begin on both Sides of the River very extenfive Fields of Corn, Rice and Indigo, convenient to which are Mills, Vats, &c. to manufac-  ( 78 ) manufaaure the Produce:- but when I turn my View toward the numerous Herds of poor miferable Slaves, whofe Powers of Body are worn down amidft Stripes and Infults, in clearing Woods and draining Marfhes, my very Soul revolts and ickens at the Thought. Many and sarp the num'rous Ills Inwoven with our Frame I More pointed Rill we make ourrelves, Regret, Remorfe and Shame. And Man, whofe Heav'n-ereed Face The Smiles of Love adorn, Man's Inhumanity to Man Makes countlefs Thoufands mourn ! See yonder poor o'er-labour'd wight So abjed, mean, and vile, who begs a Brother of the Earth, To mitigate his Toil; And fee his lordly Fello.. Wrm The poor Petition fpurn Unmindful, tho' a weeping Wife And helplefs Offspring mourn I Oh Death the poor Man's deareft Friend, The kindeft and the heft: welcome the Hour my aged Limbs Are laid with thee at Raft I The Great, the Wealthy fear thy Blow, From Pomp and Pleafure torn ; But oh ! a bleft Relief to thofe That weary-laden mourn. Ban's Paras. From this Place to Savannah, the Eye is de- lighted with a continued Succeffion of beau- teous Farms and elegant Buildings, inhabited by gay and liberal Proprietors, who in general appear to be of French ExtraEtion.-Came abreaft of the City about 8 o'Clock at Night, and altho' denied the Light of Moon or Star, yet ( 78 ) manufaaure the Produce: but when I turn my View toward the numerous Herds of poor miferable Slaves, whofe Powers of Body are worn down amidft Stripes and Infults, in clearing Woods and draining Marfhes, my very Soul revolts and fickens at the Thought. Many and fharp the num'rous Ills Inwoven with our Frame! More pointed ftll we make ourfelves, Regret. Remorfe and Shame. And Man, whofe Heav'n-eredled Face The Smiles of Love adorn, Man's Inhumanity to Man Makes countlefs Thoufands mourn ! See yonder poor o'er-labour'd Wight So abjed, mean, and vile, Who begs a Brother of the Earth, To mitigate his Toil; And fee his lordly Fellw- Worm The poor Petition fpurn Unmindful, tho' a weeping Wife And helplefs Offspring mourn! Oh Death! the poor Man's deareft Friend, The kindeft and the heft: Welcome the Hour my aged Limbs Are laid with thee at Reft ! The Great, the Wealthy fear thy Blow, From Pomp and Pleafure torn ; But oh ! a bleft Relief to thofe That weary-laden mourn. Bun's Poems. From this Place to Savannah, the Eye is de. lighted with a continued Succeffion of beau- teous Farms and elegant Buildings, inhabited by gay and liberal Proprietors, who in general appear to be of French Extradion.-Came abreaft of the City about 8 o'Clock at Night, and altho' denied the Light of Moon or Star, yet ( 78 ) manufadure the Produce: but when I turn my View toward the numerous Herds of poor miferable Slaves, whofe Powers of Body are worn down amidft Stripes and Infults, in clearing Woods and draining Marfhes, my very Soul revolts and fickens at the Thought. Many and fharp the sum'rous Ills Inwoven with our Frame! More pointed ftill we make ourfelves, Regret. Remorfe and Shame. And Man, whofe Heav'n-ereded Face The Smiles of Love adorn, Man's Inhumanity to Man Makes countlefs Thoufands mourn ! See yonder poor o'er-labour'd Wight So abject, mean, and vile, Who begs a Brother of the Earth, To mitigate his Toil; And fee his lordly Fellow- Wors The poor Petition fpurn Unmindful, tho' a weeping Wife And helplefs Offspring moues Oh Death ! the poor Man's deareft Friend, The kindeft and the beft: Welcome the Hour my aged Limbs Are laid with thee at Reft ! The Great, the Wealthy fear thy Blow, From Pomp and Pleafure tor ; But oh ! a bleft Relief to thofe That weary-laden mourn. Bans Poses. From this Place to SavannaA, the Eye is de- lighted with a continued Succeffion of beau- teous Farms and elegant Buildings, inhabited by gay and liberal Proprietors, who in general appear to be of French Extradion.-Came abreaft of the City about 8 o'Clock at Night, and altho' denied the Light of Moon or Star, yet  ( 79 ) yet a tall white fandy Bluff attiguous to the public Wharf, ferved as a Pharos to dire& our Veffel fafely into Port. Early the next Morning took Breakfaft, and engaged Lodgings at the CityCoffeeHoufe,and then fauntered till io o'Clock thro' the mot public Parts of the City, in order to fee, or be feen by, fome old Friend or Crony, who might probably be engaged upon a fimilar and equal- ly important Bufinefs with myfelf. To my great Joy, the firft Perfon that faluted me was Col. 7ofeph Haber/Aam, a Gentleman who in the Courfe of the laft War, had been a Refugee in the County of Amherft, where I then re- fided, and got acquainted with him.-He is a Gentleman of ftrit Honor and Integrity, a fafe Companion, and an eafy Friend, and tho' a Mortal, he cannot be altogether exempt from the Failings of Humanity, yet few and trivial as they are, they always 'lean to Virtue's Side.' By this Gentleman I was introduced to Ge- neral M'IntofA, with whom I had been for- merly acquainted, whilft on his Way to join the grand Army in the North. As an Officer he is too generally known to require any En- comium from my Pen ; but as a private Citi- zen is a moft excellent Model for the State. He is defcended from a very antient Family in Scotland. His Father who was a famous Chieftain ( 79 ) yet a tall white fandy Bluff attiguous to the public Wharf, ferved as a Pharos to dire& our Veffel fafely into Port. Early the next Morning took Breakfaft, and engaged Lodgings at the CityCoffee Houfeand then fauntered till io o'Clock thro' the mot public Parts of the City, in order to fee, or be feen by, fome old Friend or Crony, who might probably be engaged upon a fimilar and equal- ly important Bufinefs with myfelf. To my great Joy, the firft Perfon that faluted me was Col. 7ofeph Haberfham, a Gentleman who in the Courfe of the laft War, had been a Refugee in the County of Amherfl, where I then re- fided, and got acquainted with him.-He is a Gentleman of ftria Honor and Integrity, a fafe Companion, and an eafy Friend, and tho' a Mortal, he cannot be altogether exempt from the Failings of Humanity, yet few and trivial as they are, they always 'lean to Virtue's Side.' By this Gentleman I was introduced to Ge- neral M'IntofA, with whom I had been for- merly acquainted, whilft on his Way to join the grand Army in the North. As an Officer he is too generally known to require any En- comium from my Pen ; but as a private Citi- zen is a moft excellent Model for the State. He is defcended from a very antient Family in Scotland. His Father who was a famous Chieftain ( 79 ) yet a tall white fandy Bluff attiguous to the public Wharf, ferved as a Pharos to dire& our Veffel fafely into Port. Early the next Morning took Breakfaft, and engaged Lodgings at the CityCoffeeHoufe,and then fauntered till io o'Clock thro' the moft public Parts of the City, in order to fee, or be feen by, fome old Friend or Crony, who might probably be engaged upon a fimilar and equal- ly important Bufinefs with myfelf. To my great Joy, the firft Perfon that faluted me was Col. 7ofeph Haberfiam, a Gentleman who in the Courfe of the laft War, had been a Refugee in the County of Amherft, where I then re- fided, and got acquainted with him.-He is a Gentleman of faria Honor and Integrity, a fafe Companion, and an eafy Friend, and tho' a Mortal, he cannot be altogether exempt from the Failings of Humanity, yet few and trivial as they are, they always 'lean to Virtue's Side.' By this Gentleman I was introduced to Ge- neral M'ItofA, with whom I had been for- merly acquainted, whilft on his Way to join the grand Army in the North. As an Officer he is too generally known to require any En- comium from my Pen ; but as a private Citi- zen is a moft excellent Model for the State. He is defcended from a very antient Family in Scotland. His Father who was a famous Chieftain  ( 80 ) Chieftain of a numerous Highland Clan, and remarkable for his Valour, and that rare Vir- tue in a Soldier, called Temperance, fell in Battle, whilft our Hero was yet a Minor, and bequeathed thofe Virtues to his Son, with an Injunaion on him to fettle in America as foon as he fhould attain the Age of 21. His Mother whofe Chriftian Name was Fortune did not long furvive her Hufband. On her Death-bed, fhe called our Hero to her (for he was her favo- rite Son) and thus addreffed him :-" My Son the Patrimony which my honoured Hufband and your valiant Father left you, may be of Service to you, in the Hurly Burly Scenes of bluftering War, it is therefore my Requeft, that you never part with them:-but as when you come to be old, you may exchange the Army for the peaceful Walks of Life, I here deliver into your Poffeffion for a Beginning, all my Dower confifting of two faithful H and- maids named Induftry and Frugality-Take them my Son, and ufe them well-they'll be of Service to you, whether you go to America or continue here ; tho' my Advice is to obey your Father's laft Requeft."-Bleffed with a vigorous Conftitution and a virtuous Educati- on, our Hero croffed the Atlantic and fettled in the State of Georgia, bringing along with him his paternal and maternal Legacies. By Means of the former he rofe to high Preferment in ( 80 ) Chieftain of a numerous Highland Clan, and remarkable for his Valour, and that rare Vir- tue in a Soldier, called Temperance, fell in Battle, whilft our Hero was yet a Minor, and bequeathed thofe Virtues to his Son, with an Injundtion on him to fettle in America as foon as he fhould attain the Age of 21. His Mother whofe Chriftian Name was Fortune did not long furvive her Hufband. On her Death-bed, fhe called our Hero to her (for he was her favo- rite Son) and thus addreffed him :--" My Son the Patrimony which my honoured Hufband and your valiant Father left you, may be of Service to you, in the Hurly Burly Scenes of bluftering War, it is therefore my Requeft, that you never part with them:-but as when you come to be old, you may exchange the Army for the peaceful Walks of Life, I here deliver into your Poffeffion for a Beginning, all my Dower confifting of two faithful H and- maids named Induflry and Frugality-Take them my Son, and ufe them well-they'll be of Service to you, whether you go to America or continue here ; tho' my Advice is to obey your Father's laft Requeft."-Bleffed with a vigorous Conftitution and a virtuous Educati- on, our Hero croffed the Atlantic and fettled in the State of Georgia, bringing along with him his paternal and maternal Legacies. By Means of the former he rofe to high Preferment in ( 80 ) Chieftain of a numerous Highland Clan, and remarkable for his Valour, and that rare Vir- tue in a Soldier, called Temperance, fell in Battle, whilft our Hero was yet a Minor, and bequeathed thofe Virtues to his Son, with an Injun&ion on him to fettle in America as foon as he fhould attain the Age of 21. His Mother whofe Chrifian Name was Fortune did not long furvive her Hufband. On her Death-bed, fhe called our Hero to her (for he was her favo- rite Son) and thus addreffed him :-" My Son the Patrimony which my honoured Hufband and your valiant Father left you, may be of Service to you, in the Hurly Burly Scenes of bluftering War, it is therefore my Requeft, that you never part with them:-but as when you come to be old, you may exchange the Army for the peaceful Walks of Life, I here deliver into your Poffeffion for a Beginning, all my Dower confifting of two faithful H and- maids named Indufiry and Frugality-Take them my Son, and ufe them well-they'll be of Service to you, whether you go to America or continue here ; tho' my Advice is to obey your Father's laft Requeft."-Bleffed with a vigorous Conftitution and a virtuous Educati- on, our Hero croffed the Atlantic and fettled in the State of Georgia, bringing along with him his paternal and maternal Legacies. By Means of the former he rofe to high Preferment in  ( 8i ) in the United States Army; and by the latter hath accumulated an almoft immenfe and princely Fortune. In this Place I fpent 3 Days, chiefly at the Houfes of the two laft mentioned Gentlemen. Being much relaxed by Fatigue and Heat of Weather, I declined taking fuch an accurate View of the City, as I at firft intended. It is however happily fituated for both foreign and internal Trade, as verging on the Atlantic to the Eaft, and lying about Midway on the in- land Navigation, which extends from Charlef- ton to St. Mary's River, the Southern Extre- mity of the United States. Savannah is, and ever will be, a Place of Opulence, fo long as human Nature fhall re- quire Food and Raiment, or, Commerce fpread her Canvafs to the Wind. Yuly - About 2 o'Clock P. M. went on Board a large Packet Schooner, bound to Charleflon, and commanded by a Captain Rofs, in Company with Major Butler, a Congreffi- onal Senator, Mr. - a Charleflon Merchant and Mifs - of Savannah. In this Com- pany I promifed myfelf a pleafant Paffage en- livened with agreeable Converfation, in which however I was miferably difappointed; for no fooner had we put to Sea, than fqually Wea- K ther ( s ) in the United States Army; and by the latter hath accumulated an almoft immenfe and princely Fortune. In this Place I fpent 3 Days, chiefly at the Houfes of the two laft mentioned Gentlemen. Being much relaxed by Fatigue and Heat of Weather, I declined taking fuch an accurate View of the City, as I at firft intended. It is however happily fituated for both foreign and internal Trade, as verging on the Atlantic to the Eaft, and lying about Midway on the in- land Navigation, which extends from Charlef- ton to St. Mary's River, the Southern Extre- mity of the United States. Savannah is, and ever will be, a Place of Opulence, fo long as human Nature fhall re- quire Food and Raiment, or, Commerce fpread her Canvafs to the Wind. July-About 2 o'Clock P. M. went on Board a large Packet Schooner, bound to Charleflon, and commanded by a Captain Rofs, in Company with Major Butler, a Congreffi- onal Senator, Mr. -a Charlefion Merchant and Mifs - of Savannah. In this Com- pany I promifed myfelf a pleafant Paffage en- livened with agreeable Converfation, in which however I was miferably difappointed; for no fooner had we put to Sea, than fqually Wea- K ther ( 81 ) in the United States Army; and by the latter hath accumulated an almoft immenfe and princely Fortune. In this Place I fpent 3 Days, chiefly at the Houfes of the two laft mentioned Gentlemen. Being much relaxed by Fatigue and Heat of Weather, I declined taking fuch an accurate View of the City, as I at firft intended. It is however happily fituated for both foreign and internal Trade, as verging on the Atlantic to the Eaft, and lying about Midway on the in- land Navigation, which extends from Charlef- ton to St. Mary's River, the Southern Extre- mity of the United States. Savannah is, and ever will be, a Place of Opulence, fo long as human Nature fhall re- quire Food and Raiment, or, Commerce fpread her Canvafs to the Wind. July-About 2 o'Clock P. M. went on Board a large Packet Schooner, bound to Charleflon, and commanded by a Captain Rofs, in Company with Major Butler, a Congreffi- onal Senator, Mr. - a Charleflon Merchant and Mifs - of Savannah. In this Com- pany I promifed myfelf a pleafant Paffage en- livened with agreeable Converfation, in which however I was miferably difappointed; for no fooner had we put to Sea, than fqually Wea. K ther  ( 82 ) ther and adverfe Winds arofe, and fo toft and rock'd our Veffel, that "we reeled to and fro and ftaggered like drunken Men, and were at our Wit's End."-In this Situation we conti- nued till io o'Clock the following Day. The Agitation of the Veffel brought on a violent Sea ficknefs upon all the Paffengers except my- felf, and lafted with little Intermiffion, till we made the wifhed for Port of Charleflon-Be- tween the Paroxifms of the Major's Qualms, I found him to be a lively converfable Gentle- man, poffeffed of a great Fund of Wit, found Judgment, and good Breeding.- The laft Morning of our Paffage, I faluted the Mer- chant with, a good Morning to you Sir, how does Mr. - find himfelf to day? Why Sir; I have caft up my Accounts over and over again, and find myfelf, upon firiking a Balance, a bet- ter Man by an Hundred Per Cent, than I was this Time Yefterday, He! He! He! And pray how does Mifs - find herfelf ? I thank you Sir, I'm inclin'd to believe I think I feel a little better at the Stummick. Auguft ift. Entered Charleflon about two o'Clock P. M. and immediately repaired to M'Crady's Hotel, which I had been told was, and found to be fuperior to any other in the City, whether for its Accommodations, the Civility of its Mafter, or, the amazing Con- courfe ( 82 ) ther and adverfe Winds arofe, and fo toft and rock'd our Veffel, that "we reeled to and fro and ftaggered like drunken Men, and were at our Wit's End."-In this Situation we conti- nued till io o'Clock the following Day. The Agitation of the Veffel brought on a violent Sea ficknefs upon all the Paffengers except my- felf, and lafted with little Intermiffion, till we made the wifhed for Port of Charleflon-Be- tween the Paroxifms of the Major's Qualms, I found him to be a lively converfable Gentle- man, poffeffed of a great Fund of Wit, found Judgment, and good Breeding.-The laft Morning of our Paffage, I faluted the Mer- chant with, a good Morning to you Sir, how does Mr. - find himfelf to day? Why Sir; I have caft up my Accounts over and over again, and find myfelf, upon ftriking a Balance, a bet- ter Man by an Hundred Per Cent, than I was this Time Yefterday, He! He ! He! And pray how does Mifs - find herfelf ? I thank you Sir, I'm inclin'd to believe I think I feel a little better at the Stummick. Augufl ift. Entered Charleflon about two o'Clock P. M. and immediately repaired to M'Crady's Hotel, which I had been told was, and found to be fuperior to any other in the City, whether for its Accommodations, the Civility of its Mafter, or, the amazing Con- courfe ( 82 ) ther and adverfe Winds arofe, and fo toft and rock'd our Veffel, that "we reeled to and fro and ftaggered like drunken Men, and were at our Wit's End."-In this Situation we conti- nued till io o'Clock the following Day. The Agitation of the Veffel brought on a violent Sea ficknefs upon all the Paffengers except my- felf, and lafted with little Intermiffion, till we made the wifhed for Port of Charleflon-Be- tween the Paroxifms of the Major's Qualms, I found him to be a lively converfable Gentle- man, poffeffed of a great Fund of Wit, found Judgment, and good Breeding.-The laft Morning of our Paffage, I faluted the Mer- chant with, a good Morning to you Sir, how does Mr. - find himfelf to day? Why Sir; I have caft up my Accounts over and over again, and find myfelf, upon ftriking a Balance, a bet- ter Man by an Hundred Per Cent, than I was this Time Yefterday, He! He! He! And pray how does Mifs - find herfelf ? I thank you Sir, I'm inclin'd to believe I think I feel a little better at the Stummick. Augufl ift. Entered Charlefon about two o'Clock P. M. and immediately repaired to M'Crady's Hotel, which I had been told was, and found to be fuperior to any other in the City, whether for its Accommodations, the Civility of its Mafter, or, the amazing Con- courfe  ( 83 ) courfe of polite People from all the other States who frequent it. At this Hotel General WafA- ington on his late Vifit through the Southern States took up his Refidence, and during which Perfons of all Ranks vied with each other in paying every Homage to him, which Gratitude could excite, and fplendid Tables, Garb and Equipage atteft. The Situation of Charlefon, the Charader of her Citizens and the Nature of her Police fit her for Trade and Commerce, which how- ever are not driven to that Extent as is obferv- able in fome Northern Towns which do not poffefs the third Part of her Opulence. The Topography of this City, is too generally known to require any Defcription from my Pen. I fhall therefore only obferve that in Point of Profpea, it eclipfes all other Cities in the Union and is inferior to only Three in Size, Wealth, Population, Trade and Elegance of Buildings. Her Citizens are a gay, luxurious People, fond of Drefs and pompous Equipage, in which they give the Ton to Augufta and Savannah, who are moft excellent Copyifts. Was the young Phaeton of this State with his fervile Imitators, to repairtoCharlefton,hewould betothe Gentry there, what his Imitators here, are to him. At M'Crady's I formed an Intimacy with Andrew Robertfon, Efq ; who had been a Cap- tain ( 83 ) courfe of polite People from all the other States who frequent it. At this Hotel General Wa/h- ington on his late Vifit through the Southern States took up his Refidence, and during which Perfons of all Ranks vied with each other in paying every Homage to him, which Gratitude could excite, and fplendid Tables, Garb and Equipage atteft. The Situation of Chareon, the Charader of her Citizens and the Nature of her Police fit her for Trade and Commerce, which how- ever are not driven to that Extent as is obferv- able in fome Northern Towns which do not poffefs the third Part of her Opulence. The Topography of this City, is too generally known to require any Defcription from my Pen. I fhall therefore only obferve that in Point of Profpedt, it eclipfesall other Cities in the Union and is inferior to only Three in Size, Wealth, Population, Trade and Elegance of Buildings. Her Citizens are a gay, luxurious People, fond of Drefs and pompous Equipage, in which they give the Ton to Augufta and Savannah, who are moft excellent Copyifts. Was the young Phaeton of this State with his fervile Imitators, to repairtoCharlefi'on,he wouldbe to the Gentry there, what his Imitators here, are to him. At M'Crady's I formed an Intimacy with Andrew Robertfon, Efq; who had been a Cap- tain ( 83 ) courfe of polite People from all the other States who frequent it. At this Hotel General Wafh- ington on his late Vifit through the Southern States took up his Refidence, and during which Perfons of all Ranks vied with each other in paying every Homage to him, which Gratitude could excite, and fplendid Tables, Garb and Equipage atteft. The Situation of Charle/on, the Charader of her Citizens and the Nature of her Police fit her for Trade and Commerce, which how- ever are not driven to that Extent as is obferv- able in fome Northern Towns which do not poffefs the third Part of her Opulence. The Topography of this City, is too generally known to require any Defcription from my Pen. I fhall therefore only obferve that in Point of Profpedt, it eclipfesall other Cities in the Union and is inferior to only Three in Size, Wealth, Population, Trade and Elegance of Buildings. Her Citizens are a gay, luxurious People, fond of Drefs and pompous Equipage, in which they give the Ton to Augufta and Savannah, who are mot excellent Copyifts. Was the young Phaeton of this State with his fervile Imitators, to repairtoCharlefion,hewouldbetothe Gentry there, what his Imitators here, are to him. At M'Crady's I formed an Intimacy with Andrew Robertfon, Efq; who had been a Cap- tain  ( 84 ) tain in the Britih Service, which he quitted up- on an honorable Connexion with a Staten If- landyoung Lady of moft exquifite Beauty. The debonair and manly Appearance of young Ro- bertfon attraded the Attention of the young Lady, which he improved by his Affiduity, and moft excellent good Senfe. Altho' Mifs was ftrongly fortified by Whiggifm, yet fhe was ul- timately obliged to fuccumb to the Prowefs of the young Officer, and about a Year ago be- came his Bride. This Gentleman is nearly re- lated to the celebrated Robertfon, Author of the Hiftory of the Reign of Charles the Fifth, Em- peror of Germany,and underwhofe plaftic Hand he received the Rudiments of that liberal Edu- cation, which fo eminently diftinguifh and a- dorn his Character. From this Place I paid a Vifit to Col. William Wafhington, whom I found in Company with my old Preceptor the Rev. Mr. Wilfon. They were feated oppofite to each other, about 5 Feet afunder, feparated by two Wine Glaffes and a Decanter of gene. rous old Madeira. Upon my Entrance into the Room, after the firft Gratulations and mutual Profeffions of Friendfhip were over, a third Glafs and another Decanter (as if by Enchantment) made their Appearance on the Table, and the Duumvirate was foon converted into a Triumvirate by the Addition of their humble Servant. Here gentle Reader, let me whilft ( 84 ) tain in the Britgh Service, which he quitted up- on an honorable Connexion with a Staten If- landyoung Lady of moft exquifite Beauty. The debonair and manly Appearance of young Ro- bertfon attraaed the Attention of the young Lady, which he improved by his Affiduity, and moft excellent good Senfe. Altho' Mlfs was ftrongly fortified by Whiggifm, yet fhe was ul- timately obliged to fuccumb to the Prowefs of the young Officer, and about a Year ago be- came his Bride. This Gentleman is nearly re- lated to the celebrated Robertfon, Author of the Hiftory of the Reign of Charles the Fifth, Em- peror of Germany,and under whofe plaftic Hand he received the Rudiments of that liberal Edu- cation, which fo eminently diftinguifh and a- dorn his Charader. From this Place I paid a Vifit to Col. William Wafhington, whom I found in Company with my old Preceptor the Rev. Mr. Wilfon. They were feated oppofite to each other, about 5 Feet afunder, feparated by two Wine Glaffes and a Decanter of gene. rous old Madeira. Upon my Entrance into the Room, after the firft Gratulations and mutual Profeffions of Friendfhip were over, a third Glafs and another Decanter (as if by Enchantment) made their Appearance on the Table, and the Duumviratewas foon converted into a Triumvirate by the Addition of their humble Servant. Here gentle Reader, let me whilft ( 84 ) tain in the Brititk Service, which he quitted up- on an honorable Connexion with a Staten If- landyoung Lady of moft exquifite Beauty. The debonair and manly Appearance of young Ro- bert/on attraaed the Attention of the young Lady, which he improved by his Affiduity, and moft excellent good Senfe. Altho' Mlfs was ftrongly fortified by Whiggifm, yet fhe was ul- timately obliged to fuccumb to the Prowefs of the young Officer, and about a Year ago be- came his Bride. This Gentleman is nearly re- lated to the celebrated Robertfon, Author of the Hiftory of the Reign of Charles the Fifth, Em- peror of Germany,and underwhofe plaftic H and he received the Rudiments of that liberal Edu- cation, which fo eminently diftinguifh and a- dorn his Charader. From this Place I paid a Vifit to Col. William Wa/jington, whom I found in Company with my old Preceptor the Rev. Mr. Wilfon. They were feated oppofite to each other, about 5 Feet afunder, feparated by two Wine Glaffes and a Decanter of gene- rous old Madeira. Upon my Entrance into the Room, after the firft Gratulations and mutual Profeffions of Friendfhip were over, a third Glafs and another Decanter (as if by Enchantment) made their Appearance on the Table, and the Duumvirate was foon converted into a Triumvirate by the Addition of their humble Servant. Here gentle Reader, let me whilft  ( 85 ) whilft Friendfhip and the generous Glafs ex- pand my Heart, detain thee, with what Gra- titude commands, in liftening to my humble Eulogy of Wafhington. 'Twas juft after Har- mer's Defeat that thefe Thoughts occurred. Young Walhington a former Friend in Need, I view him mounted on his gen'rous Steed ; The Foe he views with circumfpedive Care, Cries Havoc! and lets flip the Dogs of War: His fmoking Horfes at their utmoft Speed He lafhes on and urges o'er the Dead : Their Fetlocks run with Blood and when they bound, The Gore and gath'ring Duft are dafh'd around. Every Body is, or ought to be, acquainted with the Brilliancies of this Gentleman as an Officer and Soldier:-extraordinary as they are, his mild engaging Virtues in the peaceful Walks of Domeftication, and in Society of Friends, keep an equal Pace with his military Talents, and draw from his admiring Coun- trymen, the Plaudits of Sincerity. Ravifh'd with Wars and Danger's horrid Charms, He with impetuous Ardour flew to Arms: Soon as the rang'd Battalions came in Sight He felt fierce Joy and terrible Delight, And fhudder'd with an Eagernefs to fight. What Flames flew from his Eyes, when he from far View'd the four Brows, and murdering Jaws of War ! -OR THUS.- ....- ....- ......r------rough in Battle As the firft Romans when they went to War; Yet after Vidory more pitiful, Than all their prying Virgins left at Home. DRYDEN. Augu ( 85 ) whilft Friendfhip and the generous Glafs ex- pand my Heart, detain thee, with what Gra- titude commands, in liftening to my humble Eulogy of Wafhinglon. 'Twas juft after Har- mer's Defeat that thefe Thoughts occurred. Young Wafhington a former Friend in Need, I view him mounted on his gen'rous Steed ; The Foe he views with circumfpedlive Care, Cries Havoc! and lets flip the Dogs of War: His fmoking Horfes at their utmoft Speed He lafhes on and urges o'er the Dead : Their Fetlocks run with Blood and when they bound, The Gore and gath'ring Duft are dafh'd around. Every Body is, or ought to be, acquainted with the Brilliancies of this Gentleman as an Officerand Soldier:-extraordinary as they are, his mild engaging Virtues in the peaceful Walks of Domeftication, and in Society of Friends, keep an equal Pace with his military Talents, and draw from his admiring Coun- trymen, the Plaudits of Sincerity. Ravifh'd with Wars and Danger's horrid Charms, He with impetuous Ardour flew to Arms: Soon as the rang'd Battalions came in Sight He felt fierce Joy and terrible Delight, And fhudderd with an Eagernefs to fight. What Flames flew from his Eyes, when he from far View'd the four Brows, and murdering Jaws of War ! -OR THU S.- --- .-....--.. -------rough in Battle As the firft Romans when they went to War; Yet after Vidlory more pitiful, Than all their praying Virgins left at Home. DRYDEN. Augufl ( 85 ) whilft Friendfhip and the generous Glafs ex- pand my Heart, detain thee, with what Gra- titude commands, in liftening to my humble Eulogy of Waf/ington. 'Twas juft after Har- mer's Defeat that thefe Thoughts occurred. Young Wafhington a former Friend in Need, I view him mounted on his gen'rous Steed ; The Foe he views with circumfpedlive Care, Cries Havoc! and lets flip the Dogs of War: His fmoking Horfes at their utmoft Speed He lafhes on and urges o'er the Dead : Their Fetlocks run with Blood and when they bound, The Gore and gath'ring Duft are dafh'd around. Every Body is, or ought to be, acquainted with the Brilliancies of this Gentleman as an Officer and Soldier:-extraordinary as they are, his mild engaging Virtues in the peaceful Walks of Domeftication, and in Society of Friends, keep an equal Pace with his military Talents, and draw from his admiring Coun- trymen, the Plaudits of Sincerity. Ravilh'd with Wars and Danger's horrid Charms, He with impetuous Ardour flew to Arms : Soon as the rang'd Battalions came in Sight He felt fierce Joy and terrible Delight, And fihudder'd with an Eagernefs to fight. What Flames flew from his Eyes, when he from far View'd the four Brows, and murdering Jaws of War! -OR THUS.- -- - ...............-- .- .....rough in Battle As the firft Romans when they went to War; Yet after Vidtory more pitiful, Than all their praying Virgins left at Home. DRYDEN. Augufl  ( 86 ) Auguf 6th. Returned to my Lodgings where I found Capt Robertfon under Preparation for a Duel with Capt. Sweetman, an EnglijA Gentleman and Merchant.-I aded as a Me- diator betwixt them, and happily terminated the Difpute to their mutual Satisfaaion, by decreeing, that they both poffeffed indubitable Courage, which was often called into Ailion by their too punailious Adherence to the mi- litary Charader ; for which their refpedive Countries had for many Centuries been fo re- markable, and contributed equally with anti- ent Greece and Rome, to give the hiftoric Pen a juft and full Employ-That inheriting thefe national Principles, what they had done, might be fairly traced up to the Source of an Amor Pugnandi:-That Capt. Sweetman had been tooprecipitate and Capt Robertfon too hafy:- that they therefore make their reciprocal Con- ceffions, and be at Peace; and that neither might infringe the Punailios of military Eti- quette, they fhould ftand 1o Yards afunder, then advance to the Centre, make their Con- ceffions at the fame Inftant, protruding their dextral Hands, until they came into Contac7ion, as an Indication and Declaration of a Continua- tion of Pacification : that they fhould then re- pair to the Hotel and take a Compotation of a late Importation from the Madeira Plantation, in Corroboration of the aforefaid Pacification. Quicquid ( 86 ) Auguf 6th. Returned to my Lodgings where I found Capt Robertfon under Preparation for a Duel with Capt. Sweetman, an Englifk Gentleman and Merchant.-I aded as a Me- diator betwixt them, and happily terminated the Difpute to their mutual Satisfaftion, by decreeing, that they both poffeffed indubitable Courage, which was often called into Adion by their too punftilious Adherence to the mi- litary Charader; for which their refpedive Countries had for many Centuries been fo re- markable, and contributed equally with anti- ent Greece and Rome, to give the hitoric Pen a juft and full Employ-That inheriting thefe national Principles, what they had done, might be fairly traced up to the Source of an Amor Pugnandi:-That Capt. Sweetman had been too precipitate and Capt Robertfon too hafy.- that they therefore make their reciprocal Con- ceffions, and be at Peace; and that neither might infringe the Punftilios of military Eti- quette, they fhould ftand io Yards afunder, then advance to the Centre, make their Con- ceffions at the fame Inftant, protruding their dextral Hands, until they came into Contalgion, as an Indication and Declaration of a Continua- tion of Pacifcation : that they fhould then re- pair to the Hotel and take a Compotation of a late Importation from the Madeira Plantation, in Corroboration of the aforefaid Pacification. Quicquid ( 86 ) Auguf 6th. Returned to my Lodgings where I found Capt Robertfon under Preparation for a Duel with Capt. Sweetman, an Eng/zh Gentleman and Merchant.-I a6ted as a Me- diator betwixt them, and happily terminated the Difpute to their mutual Satisfaftion, by decreeing, that they both poffeffed indubitable Courage, which was often called into Adion by their too puntilious Adherence to the mi- litary Charadter ; for which their refpedlive Countries had for many Centuries been fo re- markable, and contributed equally with anti- ent Greece and Rome, to give the hiftoric Pen a juft and full Employ-That inheriting thefe national Principles, what they had done, might be fairly traced up to the Source of an Amor Pugnandi:-That Capt. Sweetman had been too precipitate and Capt Robertfon too hafly:- that they therefore make their reciprocal Con- ceffions, and be at Peace; and that neither might infringe the Pundilios of military Eti- quette, they fhould ftand 1o Yards afunder, then advance to the Centre, make their Con- ceffions at the fame Inftant, protruding their dextral Hands, until they came into Contacion, as an Indication and Declaration of a Continua- tion of Pacification : that they fhould then re- pair to the Hotel and take a Compotation of a late Importation from the Madeira Plantation, in Corroboration of the aforefaid Pacification. Quicquid  ( 87 ) Quicquid volumus facile credimus-The Du- elliftwifhes to defend his Conduat. I will here tranfcribe the Sentiments of a modern Author upon the Subjed of Duelling, which he ob- ferves, has in many Countries a Law againft it-but can never be prevented. The Law can inflict no greater Penalty for any Breach of it than Death ; which the Duellift contemns- There are alfo fome Cafes of Injury which the Law cannot prevent, nor punifh when committed. Thefe muft be redreffed by the Man who fuffers, and by him ONLY. He is prompted to do this by fomething antecedent, and fuperior to all Law, and by a Defire as eager as Hunger or Luft; fo that it is as eafy for Law to prevent or reftrain the two latter, as the former. Very luckily for us Occafions for the Gratification of this Paffion occur but feldom : and though a Man may be reftrained from a Duel by perfonal Fear, which is its only Counterator, there are very few In- ftances, perhaps none of its being prevented by confidering it as a Breach of Law. In the Beginning of the laft Century Duels were fo frequent, particularly in France, as to oc- cafion a fevere Edict to prevent them-Indeed by their Frequency, they were by Degrees im- proved into Combats of 2, 3, and fometimes more of a Side-In thofe Days a French No- bleman was making up his Party to decide a Quarrel ( 87 ) Quicquid volumus facile credimus-The Du- ellift wifhes to defend his Conduft. I will here tranfcribe the Sentiments of a modern Author upon the Subjed of Duelling, which he ob- ferves, has in many Countries a Law againft it-but can never be prevented. The Law can inflict no greater Penalty for any Breach of it than Death ; which the Duellift contemns- There are alfo fome Cafes of Injury which the Law cannot prevent, nor punifh when committed. Thefe muft be redreffed by the Man who fuffers, and by him ONLY. He is prompted to do this by fomething antecedent, and fuperior to all Law, and by a Defire as eager as Hunger or Lufn; fo that it is as eafy for Law to prevent or reftrain the two latter, as the former. Very luckily for us Occaions for the Gratification of this Paffion occur but feldom : and though a Man may be reftrained from a Duel by perfonal Fear, which is its only Counteradtor, there are very few In- ftances, perhaps none of its being prevented by confidering it as a Breach of Law. In the Beginning of the laft Century Duels were fo frequent, particularly in France, as to oc- cafion a fevere Edid to prevent them-Indeed by their Frequency, they were by Degrees im- proved into Combats of 2, 3, and fometimes more of a Side-In thofe Days a French No- bleman was making up his Party to decide a Quarrel ( 87 ) Quicquid volumus facile credimus-The Du- ellift wifhes to defend his Conduat. I will here tranfcribe the Sentiments of a modern Author upon the Subjed of Duelling, which he ob- ferves, has in many Countries a Law againft it-but can never be prevented. The Law can inflit no greater Penalty for any Breach of it than Death ; which the Duellift contemns- There are alfo fome Cafes of Injury which the Law cannot prevent, nor punifh when committed. Thefe muft be redreffed by the Man who fuffers, and by him ONLY. He is prompted to do this by fomething antecedent, and fuperior to all Law, and by a Defire as eager as Hunger or Luft; fo that it is as eafy for Law to prevent or reftrain the two latter, as the former. Very luckily for us Occafions for the Gratification of this Paffion occur but feldom: and though a Man may be reftrained from a Duel by perfonal Fear, which is its only Counteradtor, there are very few In- ftances, perhaps none of its being prevented by confidering it as a Breach of Law. In the Beginning of the laft Century Duels were fo frequent, particularly in France, as to oc- cafion a fevere Ediat to prevent them-Indeed by their Frequency, they were by Degrees im- proved into Combats of 2, 3, and fometimes more of a Side-In thofe Days a French No- bleman was making up his Party to decide a Quarrel  ( 88 ) Quarrel with another Man of equal Rank ; it came to the Ears of the King, who fent to him one of the moft rifing Men at Court, with a Command to defift, affuring him of the ftri& Execution of the Edict in Cafe of Difobedi- ence-Every one knows the Attachment of the French to their Soverign, but yet it proved weak when fet againft this all-powerful Paf- fion. The Nobleman not only refufed to obey the King, but afually engaged the Mef- fenger to be one of his Party.-The above feem to be the principal Reafons why Duel- ling has fo deep a Root in the Mind of Man -but there are others which come in Aid. The Defire of Superiority is of itfelf almoft fufficient to produce this great Effe~t. Having fpent an agreeable Time among thefe gay and hofpitable Citizens, I took my Departure on Board the Exchange Schooner, the Property of Capt. Robertfon, and com- manded by Capt. Baine ; her Deftination was to St. Mary's River in Queft of Live-Oak. A Bojfonian of the Name of .fames Foote, had contracted with the Captain to work his Paffage from Charlelon, via St. Mary's to New-York. He appeared to be about 50 Years of Age, and extremely anxious to fee his Wife and five Children, whom he had left in Bojlon about a Year before I faw him. He ( 88 ) Quarrel with another Man of equal Rank ; it came to the Ears of the King, who fent to him one of the moft rifing Men at Court, with a Command to defift, affuring him of the ftriit Execution of the Edift in Cafe of Difobedi- ence-Every one knows the Attachment of the French to their Soverign, but yet it proved weak when fet againft this all-powerful Paf- fion. The Nobleman not only refufed to obey the King, but actually engaged the Mef- fenger to be one of his Party.-The above feem to be the principal Reafons why Duel- ling has fo deep a Root in the Mind of Man -but there are others which come in Aid. The Defire of Superiority is of itfelf almoft fufficient to produce this great Effeit. Having fpent an agreeable Time among thefe gay and hofpitable Citizens, I took my Departure on Board the Exchange Schooner, the Property of Capt. Robertfon, and com- manded by Capt. Baine ; her Deftination was to St. Mary's River in Queft of Live-Oak. A Boftonian of the Name of 7ames Foote, had contraded with the Captain to work his Paffage from Charleflon, via St. Mary's to New-York. He appeared to be about 50 Years of Age, and extremely anxious to fee his Wife and five Children, whom he had left in Bof/on about a Year before I faw him. He ( 88 ) Quarrel with another Man of equal Rank ; it came to the Ears of the King, who fent to him one of the moft rifing Men at Court, with a Command to defift, affuring him of the ftria Execution of the Edia in Cafe of Difobedi- ence-Every one knows the Attachment of the French to their Soverign, but yet it proved weak when fet againft this all-powerful Paf- fion. The Nobleman not only refufed to obey the King, but aftually engaged the Mef- fenger to be one of his Party.-The above feem to be the principal Reafons why Duel- ling has fo deep a Root in the Mind of Man -but there are others which come in Aid. The Defire of Superiority is of itfelf almoft fufficient to produce this great Effect. Having fpent an agreeable Time among thefe gay and hofpitable Citizens, I took my Departure on Board the Exchange Schooner, the Property of Capt. Robert/on, and com- manded by Capt. Baine ; her Deftination was to St. Mary's River in Queft of Live-Oak. A Bo/onian of the Name of fames Foote, had contradted with the Captain to work his Paffage from Charlejlon, via St. Mary's to New-York. He appeared to be about 50 Years of Age, and extremely anxious to fee his Wife and five Children, whom he had left in Bolon about a Year before I faw him. He  ( 89 ) He had been detained by Sicknefs. On the fecond Day of our Paffage, being as yet in a State of Convalefcence, he expreffed in his Words and A&ions a fixed Melancholy, ap- proaching to a State of Defperation. 'Twas about 2 o'Clock in the Morning, when Mr. Foote, to court the cooling Breeze, had feated himfelf upon the Quarter Deck and received an accidental Stroke from the Tiller on his Head.-He rofe up and exclaimed, My God, My God, I cannot bear it all! and quickly dif- appeared.-I fincerely regret, that when I faw him melancholy and defpondent, I had not fpoken to him-I might probably have faid Something to him, or done Something for him, that might have footh'd the Anguifh of his Soul, and by exciting Hope, have chafed the gloomy Dmmon from his Breaft, and caufed the poor defpairing Mortal yet to live. This Voyage is ufually performed in about 4 Days, though through the Inadvertency, or Ignorance of the Captain, we made it feven, having over-ran our Reckoning, and inftead of St. Mary's failed a confiderable Diftance up the St. Yohn's River in Eafl-Florida ; when to our great Aftonifhment we were hailed by a Spanzyh Officer, who authoritatively de- manded of us, if we knew where we were ? We anfwer'd Yes ; in St. Mary's River-Gen- tlemen I can affure you, that you are miftaken; L you ( 89 ) He had been detained by Sicknefs. On the fecond Day of our Paffage, being as yet in a State of Convalefcence, he expreffed in his Words and Adions a fixed Melancholy, ap- proaching to a State of Defperation. 'Twas about 2 o'Clock in the Morning, when Mr. Foote, to court the cooling Breeze, had feated himfelf upon the Quarter Deck and received an accidental Stroke from the Tiller on his Head.-He rofe up and exclaimed, My God, My God, I cannot bear it all! and quickly dif- appeared.-I fincerely regret, that when I faw him melancholy and defpondent, I had not fpoken to him-I might probably have faid Something to him, or done Something for him, that might have footh'd the Anguifh of his Soul, and by exciting Hope, have chafed the gloomy Damon from his Breaft, and caufed the poor defpairing Mortal yet to live. This Voyage is ufually performed in about 4 Days, though through the Inadvertency, or Ignorance of the Captain, we made it feven, having over-ran our Reckoning, and inftead of St. Mary's failed a confiderable Diftance up the St. 7ohn's River in Eajl-Florida ; when to our great Aftonifhment we were hailed by a Sjanijh Officer, who authoritatively de- manded of us, if we knew where we were? We anfwer'd Yes ; in St. Mary's River-Gen- tlemen I can affure you, that you are miftaken; L you ( 89 ) He had been detained by Sicknefs. On the fecond Day of our Paffage, being as yet in a State of Convalefcence, he expreffed in his Words and Ations a fixed Melancholy, ap- proaching to a State of Defperation. 'Twas about 2 o'Clock in the Morning, when Mr. Foote, to court the cooling Breeze, had feated himfelf upon the Quarter Deck and received an accidental Stroke from the Tiller on his Head.-He rofe up and exclaimed, My God, My God, I cannot bear it all! and quickly dif- appeared.-I fincerely regret, that when I faw him melancholy and defpondent, I had not fpoken to him-I might probably have faid Something to him, or done Something for him, that might have footh'd the Anguifh of his Soul, and by exciting Hope, have chafed the gloomy Damon from his Breaft, and caufed the poor defpairing Mortal yet to live. This Voyage is ufually performed in about 4 Days, though through the Inadvertency, or Ignorance of the Captain, we made it feven, having over-ran our Reckoning, and inftead of St. Mary's failed a confiderable Diftance up the St. Yohn's River in Eafl-Florida ; when to our great Aftonifhment we were hailed by a Spanzil Officer, who authoritatively de- manded of us, if we knew where we were ? We anfwer'd Yes; in St. Mary's River-Gen- tlemen I can affure you, that you are miftaken; L you  ( 90 ) you are now in the Dominions of Spain, and have rifqued the Forfeiture of your Veffel and Cargo, together with that of your Liberties. However you are welcome to depart-St. Uary's River the Place of your Defnination, lies about 6 Leagues to the Eafward of this. We thanked the Officer, inftantly put about, and in 5 Hours reached the Mouth of St. Mary's, cant Anchor, and waited the Approach of a Pilot.-On our Entrance into this fine River, I obferved the Remains of an old Fort, compofed of Portland Stone, Liverpool Brick, and ftrong Cement, which, from its Expo- fure to the Sun and Wind, hath acquired a greater Durability than either the Brick or Stone. The Channel at the Mouth, which extends above an Hundred Yards in Width, is generally from 3 to 4 Fathom deep, and in no Part lefs than 24. We navigated a large Schooner deeply laden about 16 Miles up this River, and met with no Impediment what- ever. A fimilar Diftance we run up the St. fohn's, previous to our Arrival here-I think in Width and Depth they are nearly on a Par. The St. Mary's is navigable for Sloops &c. about 60 Miles-Boats may proceed on as far as the Lake which feeds this Stream.-It is about 8 Miles long and 3 Miles wide, fituate in the Centre of a very extenfive Swamp, and diftant about i5o Miles from the Ocean. A fmall ( 90 ) you are now in the Dominions of Spain, and have rifqued the Forfeiture of your Veffel and Cargo, together with that of your Liberties. However you are welcome to depart-St. Jlary's River the Place of your Deftination, lies about 6 Leagues to the Eaftward of this. We thanked the Officer, inftantly put about, and in 5 Hours reached the Mouth of St. Mary's, caft Anchor, and waited the Approach of a Pilot.-On our Entrance into this fine River, I obferved the Remains of an old Fort, compofed of Portland Stone, Liverpool Brick, and ftrong Cement, which, from its Expo- fure to the Sun and Wind, hath acquired a greater Durability than either the Brick or Stone. The Channel at the Mouth, which extends above an Hundred Yards in Width, is generally from 3 to 4 Fathom deep, and in no Part lefs than 2}. We navigated a large Schooner deeply laden about 16 Miles up this River, and met with no Impediment what- ever. A fimilar Diftance we run up the St. yohn's, previous to our Arrival here-I think in Width and Depth they are nearly on a Par. The St. Mary's is navigable for Sloops &c. about 60 Miles-Boats may proceed on as far as the Lake which feeds this Stream.-It is about 8 Miles long and 3 Miles wide, fituate in the Centre of a very extenfive Swamp, and diftant about 150 Miles from the Ocean. A fmall ( 90 ) you are now in the Dominions of Spain, and have rifqued the Forfeiture of your Veffel and Cargo, together with that of your Liberties. However you are welcome to depart-St. Mary's River the Place of your Deftination, lies about 6 Leagues to the Eaftward of this. We thanked the Officer, infnantly put about, and in 5 Hours reached the Mouth of St. Mary's, caft Anchor, and waited the Approach of a Pilot.-On our Entrance into this fine River, I obferved the Remains of an old Fort, compofed of Portland Stone, Liverpool Brick, and ftrong Cement, which, from its Expo- fure to the Sun and Wind, hath acquired a greater Durability than either the Brick or Stone. The Channel at the Mouth, which extends above an Hundred Yards in Width, is generally from 3 to 4 Fathom deep, and in no Part lefs than 24. We navigated a large Schooner deeply laden about 16 Miles up this River, and met with no Impediment what- ever. A fimilar Diftance we run up the St. yoAn's, previous to our Arrival here-I think in Width and Depth they are nearly on a Par. The St. Mary's is navigable for Sloops &c. about 6o Miles-Boats may proceed on as far as the Lake which feeds this Stream.-It is about 8 Miles long and 3 Miles wide, fituate in the Centre of a very extenfive Swamp, and diftant about 150 Miles from the Ocean. A fmall  ( 91 ) fmall Town of the fame Name with the Ri- ver, now in the early Dawn of Infancy, lies about 6 Miles up the Stream, where they have a Fort garrifoned by a Company of Fcderal Troops-The Evacuation of this Fort was talked of when I left the Place, in Order to ftreugthen the Garrifon ftationary on the Oconee. Difappointed in having our Frieght of Live Oak in Readinefs, we had much Leifure on our Hands, which Capt Robertfon and I re- folved to appropriate to the Exploration of feveral Parts of Eafl-Florida-For this Pur- pofe we chartered a fmall keel bottomed Boat, and taking four Oars-men with us, proceed- ed along the inland Navigation, which leads diredly to the Neighbourhood of St. Auguf- tine, which however we were not permitted to enter, and received repeated Intimations, that a fpeedy Return to St. Mary's would ar- gue the Height of Prudence in us, with which the Captain and I were by no means chargeable: For we had concerted no Plan or plaufible Excufe by which we might elude the Vigilance or Jealoufy of the Stanglk Guarda Coftas. Robertfon carried in his Pocket, a Pencil and a fmall Book, in which he had made fome rough Sketches of Charlef- ton and St. Mary's. I wifhed his Book and Pencil ( 91 ) fmall Town of the fame Name with the Ri- ver, now in the early Dawn of Infancy, lies about 6 Miles up the Stream, where they have a Fort garrifoned by a Company of Federal Troops-The Evacuation of this Fort was talked of when I left the Place, in Order to ftreugthen the Garrifon ftationary on the Oconee. Difappointed in having our Frieght of Live Oak in Readinefs, we had much Leifure on our Hands, which Capt Robertfon and I re- folved to appropriate to the Exploration of feveral Parts of Eaf-Florida--For this Pur- pofe we chartered a fmall keel bottomed Boat, and taking four Oars-men with us, proceed- ed along the inland Navigation, which leads diredtly to the Neighbourhood of St. Auguf- tine, which however we were not permitted to enter, and received repeated Intimations, that a fpeedy Return to St. Mary's would ar- gue the Height of Prudence in us, with which the Captain and I were by no means chargeable: For we had concerted no Plan or plaufible Excufe by which we might elude the Vigilance or Jealoufy of the Spani/k Guarda Coftas. Robertfon carried in his Pocket, a Pencil and a fmall Book, in which he had made fome rough Sketches of Charlef- ton and St. Mary's. I wifhed his Book and Pencil ( 9' ) fmall Town of the fame Name with the Ri- ver, now in the early Dawn of Infancy, lies about 6 Miles up the Stream, where they have a Fort garrifoned by a Company of Fcederal Troops-The Evacuation of this Fort was talked of when I left the Place, in Order to ftrengthen the Garrifon nationary on the Oconee. Difappointed in having our Frieght of Live Oak in Readinefs, we had much Leifure on our Hands, which Capt Robertfon and I re- folved to appropriate to the Exploration of feveral Parts of Eafi-Florida-For this Pur- pofe we chartered a fmall keel bottomed Boat, and taking four Oars-men with us, proceed- ed along the inland Navigation, which leads diredtly to the Neighbourhood of St. Auguf- tine, which however we were not permitted to enter, and received repeated Intimations, that a fpeedy Return to St. Mary's would ar- gue the Height of Prudence in us, with which the Captain and I were by no means chargeable: For we had concerted no Plan or plaufible Excufe by which we might elude the Vigilance or Jealoufy of the Spani/A Guarda Coftas. Robertfon carried in his Pocket, a Pencil and a fmall Book, in which he had made fome rough Sketches of Charlef- ton and St. Mary's. I wifhed his Book and Pencil  ( 92 ) Pencil had been in his------------Bureau. Our Oars-men who were much alarmed, raifed a Blanket Sail, and plied the Oar with unremitting Affiduity, until we reached St. Mary's, which exclufive of the Fort already mentioned, boafts two Stores, and a Tavern under the Diredion of a Captain Kearns, who is a fenfible, intelligent Man, and furnifhes fuperior Accommodations than what are ge- nerally obtained in populous Cities. The River abounds in Scale and Shell-Fifh, all excellent in their Kind, and is often over- fhadowed by the Flight of numerous Flocks of Swans, Geefe and Ducks. Thefe aquatic Produaions are perennial, and from the Fa- cility with which they are taken, render the Inhabitants near the Water, extremely averfe to agricultural Purfuits. Having now explored the principal Parts of Welt and had a curfory View of Eaft-Flo- rida, I am induced to hazzard my Opinion founded on Obfervation as to the former, and on Conjedure as to the latter. This I fhall do by a Quotation from Guthrie's Grammar,. which conveys my Sentiments. "The Air of both Eafl and Wef-Florida is pure and wholefome-The Size, Vigor, and Longevity of the Floridian Indians, in thefe Refpeas, far exceed their more Southern Neighbours the ( 92 ) Pencil had been in his------------Bureau. Our Oars-men who were much alarmed, raifed a Blanket Sail, and plied the Oar with unremitting Affiduity, until we reached St. Mary's, which exclufive of the Fort already mentioned, boafts two Stores, and a Tavern under the Direation of a Captain Kearns, who is a fenfible, intelligent Man, and furnifhes fuperior Accommodations than what are ge- nerally obtained in populous Cities. The River abounds in Scale and Shell-Fifh, all excellent in their Kind, and is often over- fhadowed by the Flight of numerous Flocks of Swans, Geefe and Ducks. Thefe aquatic Produaions are perennial, and from the Fa- cility with which they are taken, render the Inhabitants near the Water, extremely averfe to agricultural Purfuits. Having now explored the principal Parts of Wel and had a curfory View of Eaft-Flo- rida, I am induced to hazzard my Opinion founded on Obfervation as to the former, and on Conjedure as to the latter. This I (hall do by a Quotation from Guthrie's Grammar, which conveys my Sentiments. " The Air of both Eafl and Wel-Florida is pure and wholefome-The Size, Vigor, and Longevity of the Floridian Indians, in thefe Refpeas, far exceed their more Southern Neighbours the ( 92 ) Pencil had been in his------------Bureau. Our Oars-men who were much alarmed, raifed a Blanket Sail, and plied the Oar with unremitting Affiduity, until we reached St. Mary's, which exclufive of the Fort already mentioned, boafts two Stores, and a Tavern under the Direaion of a Captain Kearns, who is a fenfible, intelligent Man, and furnifhes fuperior Accommodations than what are ge- nerally obtained in populous Cities. The River abounds in Scale and Shell-Fifh, all excellent in their Kind, and is often over- fhadowed by the Flight of numerous Flocks of Swans, Geefe and Ducks. Thefe aquatic Produations are perennial, and from the Fa- cility with which they are taken, render the Inhabitants near the Water, extremely averfe to agricultural Purfuits. Having now explored the principal Parts of Wefl and had a curfory View of Eaft-Flo- rida, I am induced to hazzard my Opinion founded on Obfervation as to the former, and on Conjecture as to the latter. This I fhall do by a Quotation from Guthrie's Grammar, which conveys my Sentiments. " The Air of both Eafl and Well-Florida is pure and wholefome-The Size, Vigor, and Longevity of the Floridian Indians, in thefe Refpeas, far exceed their more Southern Neighbours the  ( 93 ) the Mexicans:"-and I think Propriety may add, with few Exceptions, their Northern Neighbours too.-The Soil of the Floridas, is in general fandy, efpecially near the mari- time Coafts, tho' far from being unfruitful.- It produces two Crops of Indian Corn a Year, and Garden Vegetables in great Perfe&ion and Abundance. Without Cultivation the Orange and Lemon Trees attain a proper Size, and produce a large and highly flavoured Fruit. The interior Country is hilly, and on the Flats adjoining, extremely rich and fertile, producing fpontaneoufly, and in great Luxu- riance, fimilar Fruits, Vegetables and Gums with Georgia and the Carolinas; as alfo Rice, Indigo, Ambergrife, Cochineal, Amethyfts, Lapis Lazuli, and other precious Stones; Copper, Quickfilver, Pit-Coal and Iron-Ore. Pearls are found upon the Coafts-and Mahogany on the Southern Peninfula, but inferior in Size and Quality to that of Ya- maica.-The Animal Creation here, are in- credibly numerous.- What I have here advanced, muft be taken under fome Limi- tation ; as in applies in toto and pofitively to Eaft, and only in Part to Wefl-Florida. Milton's Ode on May Morning, often oc- cured to my Recolledion, whilft traverfing thefe ( 93 ) the Mexicans:"-and I think Propriety may add, with few Exceptions, their Northern Neighbours too.-The Soil of the Floridas, is in general fandy, efpecially near the mari- time Coafts, tho' far from being unfruitful.- It produces two Crops of Indian Corn a Year, and Garden Vegetables in great Perfedion and Abundance. Without Cultivation the Orange and Lemon Trees attain a proper Size, and produce a large and highly flavoured Fruit. The interior Country is hilly, and on the Flats adjoining, extremely rich and fertile, producing fpontaneoufly, and in great Luxu- riance, fimilar Fruits, Vegetables and Gums with Georgia and the Carolinas; as alfo Rice, Indigo, Ambergrife, Cochineal, Amethyfts, Lapis Lazuli, and other precious Stones; Copper, Quickfilver, Pit-Coal and Iron-Ore. Pearls are found upon the Coafts-and Mahogany on the Southern Peninfula, but inferior in Size and Quality to that of 7a- maica.-The Animal Creation here, are in- credibly numerous.- What I have here advanced, muff be taken under fome Limi- tation ; as in applies in toto and pofitively to Eaft, and only in Part to Wefl-Florida. Milton's Ode on May Morning, often oc- cured to my Recolledlion, whilft traverfing thefe ( 93 ) the Mexicans:"-and I think Propriety may add, with few Exceptions, their Northern Neighbours too.-The Soil of the Floridas, is in general fandy, efpecially near the mari- time Coafts, tho' far from being unfruitful.- It produces two Crops of Indian Corn a Year, and Garden Vegetables in great Perfeftion and Abundance. Without Cultivation the Orange and Lemon Trees attain a proper Size, and produce a large and highly flavoured Fruit. The interior Country is hilly, and on the Flats adjoining, extremely rich and fertile, producing fpontaneoufly, and in great Luxu- riance, fimilar Fruits, Vegetables and Gums with Georgia and the Carolinas; as alfo Rice, Indigo, Ambergrife, Cochineal, Amethyfts, Lapis Lazuli, and other precious Stones; Copper, Quickfilver, Pit-Coal and Iron-Ore. Pearls are found upon the Coafts-and Mahogany on the Southern Peninfula, but inferior in Size and Quality to that of 7a- maica.-The Animal Creation here, are in- credibly numerous.-What I have here advanced, muff be taken under fome Limi- tation ; as in applies in toto and pofitively to Eafj, and only in Part to Wefj-Florida. Milton's Ode on May Morning, often oc- cured to my Recolledion, whilft traverfing thefe  [ 94 ] thefe delightful Regions, dreffed out by the Hand of Nature, with Flowers feleded from her Lap. ODE. Now the bright Morning Star, Day's Harbinger, Comes dancing from the Eaft, and leads with her The flow'ry May, who from her green Lap throws, The yellow Cowflip, and the pale Prim-rofe. Hail! bounteous May that does infpire Mirth and Youth and warm Defire ; woods and Groves are of thy Drelling, Hill and Dale doth boaft thy BleMing: Thus we falute thee with our early Song And welcome thee and wilt thee long. Here as I am on the extreme Southern Verge of the United States, and in a fimilar Latitude with the Place where I promifed to fubjoin a Catalogue of medicinal Plants, Herbs, &c. I will attempt a Compliance. WHITE WALNUT. 7uglans alAa. The Creeks make a ftrong Decoaion from the Bark of this Tree, and ufe it both as a Ca- thartic and a Dye. In the former, they dul- cify it with a little Honey, or the Syrup from the Sugar-Maple-It is very draftic in its Operation, and therefore adminiftered with great Caution. BLACK POPLAR. Populus nigra. Large Potions of a Decoftion from the Bark of this Tree, efpecially the Root, is a fovereign An- tidote [ 94 ] thefe delightful Regions, dreffed out by the Hand of Nature, with Flowers fele6ted from her Lap. ODE. Now the bright Morning Star, Day's Harbinger, Comes dancing from the Eaft, and leads with her The flow'ry May, who from her green Lap throws, The yellow Cowflip, and the pale Prim-rote. Hail! bounteous May that does infpire Mirth and Youth and warm Defire ; Woods and Groves are of thy Drefing, Hill and Dale doth boaft thy Blefing: Thus we falute tdee with our early Song And welcome thee and with thee long. Here as I am on the extreme Southern Verge of the United States, and in a fimilar Latitude with the Place where I promifed to fubjoin a Catalogue of medicinal Plants, Herbs, &c. I will attempt a Compliance. WHITE WALNUT. 7uglans alba. The Creeks make a ftrong Decobtion from the Bark of this Tree, and ufe it both as a Ca- thartic and a Dye. In the former, they dul- cify it with a little Honey, or the Syrup from the Sugar-Maple-It is very drafnic in its Operation, and therefore adminiftered with great Caution. BLACK POPLAR. Populus nigra. Large Potions of a Decontion from the Bark of this Tree, efpecially the Root, is a fovereign An- tidote [ 94 1 thefe delightful Regions, dreffed out by the Hand of Nature, with Flowers feleaed from her Lap. O D E. Now the bright Morning Star, Day's Harbinger, Comes dancing from the Eaft, and leads with her The flow'ry May, who from her green Lap throws, The yellow Cowflip, and the pale Prim-rote. Hail! bounteous May that does infpire Mirth and Youth and warm Defire Woods and Groves are of thy Dreffing, Hill and Dale doth boaft thy Bleming: Thus we falute thee with our early Song And welcome thee and with thee long. Here as I am on the extreme Southern Verge of the United States, and in a fimilar Latitude with the Place where I promifed to fubjoin a Catalogue of medicinal Plants, Herbs, &c. I will attempt a Compliance. WHITE WALNUT. 7uglans alba. The Creeks make a ftrong DecoVion from the Bark of this Tree, and ufe it both as a Ca- thartic and a Dye. In the former, they dul- cify it with a little Honey, or the Syrup from the Sugar-Maple-It is very draftic in its Operation, and therefore adminiftered with great Caution. BLACK POPLAR. Populus nzgra. Large Potions of a Decodlion from the Bark of this Tree, efpecially the Root, is a fovereign An- tidote  ( 95 ) tidote to the Bite of the Ratle-Snake and other Serpents-I was informed of this by General Clarke, whilft in Kentuckey, who had feen its falutary Effects on five different Soldiers un- der his Command. The conftant Ufe the Indians make of it on fimilar Occafions, corroborates the General's Affertion. DOGWOOD. Cornus Florida. The pul- verized Bark of this Tree, is cooling, drying, aftringent and ftomachic, and appropriated to fimilar Purpofes among the Creeks that 7e- fuits Bark is among us, and for which it is a moft excellent Subftitute. T H E CASSINE is a low umbrageous Tree: the Flower of which is patent, divided into five fuboval, obtufe Segments larger than the Cup ; the Fruit is a roundifh Berry with three Cells, containing folitary fuboval Seeds-'Tis from the Leaves of this Tree, which are fer- rated and terminating in a Point, the Creeks make their Black Drink, of which they fwal- low copious Draughts, whenever they con- vene in their Square or Hot-Houfe, and which holding themfelves eredt, they as copioufly regurgitate. I am unacquainted with its medicinal Virtues, if it has any.-It is ufed by the Spaniards as a Tea and has a fuperior Flavour to the Green, Bohea, or Souchong. SASSA- ( 95 ) tidote to the Bite of the Rattle-Snake and other Serpents-I was informed of this by General Clarke, whilft in Kentuckey, who had feen its falutary Effects on five different Soldiers un- der his Command. The conftant Ufe the Indians make of it on fimilar Occafions, corroborates the General's Affertion. DOGWOOD. Cornus Florida. The pul- verized Bark of this Tree, is cooling, drying, aftringent and ftcmachic, and appropriated to fimilar Purpofes among the Creeks that Ye- fuits Bark is among us, and for which it is a moft excellent Subftitute. T H E CASSINE is a low umbrageous Tree: the Flower of which is patent, divided into five fuboval, obtufe Segments larger than the Cup; the Fruit is a roundifh Berry with three Cells, containing folitary fuboval Seeds-'Tis from the Leaves of this Tree, which are fer- rated and terminating in a Point, the Creeks make their Black Drink, of which they fwal- low copious Draughts, whenever they con- vene in their Square or Hot-Houfe, and which holding themfelves ereft, they as copioufly regurgitate. I am unacquainted with its medicinal Virtues, if it has any.-It is ufed by the Spaniards as a Tea and has a fuperior Flavour to the Green, Bohea, or Souchong. SASSA- ( 95 ) tidote to the Bite of the Rattle-Snake and other Serpents-I was informed of this by General Clarke, whilft in Kentuckey, who had feen its falutary Effects on five different Soldiers un- der his Command. The conftant Ufe the Indians make of it on fimilar Occafions, corroborates the General's Affertion. DOGWOOD. Cornus Florida. The pul- verized Bark of this Tree, is cooling, drying, aftringent and ftomachic, and appropriated to fimilar Purpofes among the Creeks that 7e- fuils Bark is among us, and for which it is a moft excellent Subftitute. T H E CASSINE is a low umbrageous Tree: the Flower of which is patent, divided into five fuboval, obtufe Segments larger than the Cup; the Fruit is a roundifh Berry with three Cells, containing folitary fuboval Seeds-'Tis from the Leaves of this Tree, which are fer- rated and terminating in a Point, the Creeks make their Black Drink, of which they fwal- low copious Draughts, whenever they con- vene in their Square or Hot-Houfe, and which holding themfelves ere&t, they as copioufly regurgitate. I am unacquainted with its medicinal Virtues, if it has any.-It is ufed by the Spaniards as a Tea and has a fuperior Flavour to the Green, Boaea, or Souchong. SASSA-  ( 96 ) SASSAFRAS. Laurus Saffafras. A yellow odoriferous Wood, of a brifk, aromatic Scent, fomewhat refembling Fennel; being the Pro- duce of a Tree, of which there are whole Fo- refts growing in the Floridas, as well as in this State. The principal Virtue lies in the Bark, which warms, dries, rarifies, attenuates, at- traats and promotes Sweats and Urine. The Indians decot and ufe it in all venerial Com- plaints, and I am told with great Succefs. ELDER. Sambucus nigra. The Creeks de- corticate the Stalk, and ufe the Bark in pedto- ral Decoitions. Sir William Temple extols it as a Medicine in dropfical Complaints. The Creeks exprefs the Juice, and ufe it as a Lotion in Burns, Scalds and fcabious Complaints. SUMAC. Rhus. Applied to the firft Pur- pofe as mentioned of the Elder, as alfo to the Ufe of fmoking with Tobacco. POKE. Phytolacca decandra. The Creeks colledt the Berries whilft in a greenifh State, exprefs the Juice, and expofe it to the Sun until it coagulates, this they ufe in Plaifters over fchirrous Sores, or to extrat Briars, Thorns, &c. from their Hands and Feet.- I have known it to be ufed in extrading the Claws or Roots of Cancers, &c. ASH ( 96 ) SASSAFRAS. Laurus Saffafras. A yellow odoriferous Wood, of a brifk, aromatic Scent, fomewhat refembling Fennel; being the Pro- duce of a Tree, of which there are whole Fo- refts growing in the Floridas, as well as in this State. The principal Virtue lies in the Bark, which warms, dries, rarifies, attenuates, at- tra&s and promotes Sweats and Urine. The Indians decoI and ufe it in all venerial Com- plaints, and I am told with great Succefs. ELDER. Sambucus nigra. The Creeks de- corticate the Stalk, and ufe the Bark in pedo- ral Decodions. Sir William Temple extols it as a Medicine in dropfical Complaints. The Creeks exprefs the Juice, and ufe it as a Lotion in Burns, Scalds and fcabious Complaints. SUMAC. Rhus. Applied to the flrft Pur- pofe as mentioned of the Elder, as alfo to the Ufe of fmoking with Tobacco. POKE. Phytolacca decandra. The Creeks colledt the Berries whilft in a greenifh State, exprefs the Juice, and expofe it to the Sun until it coagulates, this they ufe in Plaifters over fchirrous Sores, or to extract Briars, Thorns, &c. from their Hands and Feet.- I have known it to be ufed in extrading the Claws or Roots of Cancers, &c. ASH ( 96 ) SASSAFRAS. Laurus Safjafras. A yellow odoriferous Wood, of a brifk, aromatic Scent, fomewhat refembling Fennel; being the Pro- duce of a Tree, of which there are whole Fo- refts growing in the Floridas, as well as in this State. The principal Virtue lies in the Bark, which warms, dries, rarifies, attenuates, at- traas and promotes Sweats and Urine. The Indians decot and ufe it in all venerial Com- plaints, and I am told with great Succefs. ELDER. Sambucus nigra. The Creeks de- corticate the Stalk, and ufe the Bark in pedo- ral Decodions. Sir William Temple extols it as a Medicine in dropfical Complaints. The Creeks exprefs the Juice, and ufe it as a Lotion in Burns, Scalds and fcabious Complaints. SUMAC. Rhus. Applied to the firft Pur- pofe as mentioned of the Elder, as alfo to the Ufe of fmoking with Tobacco. POKE. Phytolacca decandra. The Creeks colled the Berries whilft in a greenifh State, exprefs the Juice, and expofe it to the Sun until it coagulates, this they ufe in Plaifters over fchirrous Sores, or to extrad Briars, Thorns, &c. from their Hands and Feet.- I have known it to be ufed in extrading the Claws or Roots of Cancers, &c. ASH  ( 97 ) ASH. Fraxinus Americana. A Decoaion from the Root of prickly Ajh, is a good Pur- gative and Lotion in a confirmed Lues; and as fuch is ufed by the Creeks. JUNIPER. Zuniterus. An Infufion of the Berries of this Tree, in Water or Spirits, is fomachic, expels Wind, clears the Lungs, provokes the Menfes and removes Obftrudi- ons of the Vifcera. LOBELIA. With a Decoftion of the Root of this Plant, the Creeks cure the Vene- rial Difeafe in every Stage. It ufually grows in Meadows, and on the fat low-Grounds of Rivers, Creeks, &c. It has a beauteous crimfon monopetalous Flower, and in Pro- perty is fomewhat tingent. The Fruit is an oval Capfule, containing a great Number of very fmall Seeds. The Decoction is ufually dulcified with Honey, which is a great Ap- perient. The Operation is by Stool, Urine, Sweat and Expedoration, all in a conftant, though moderate Degree. Vide Buchan on a confirmed Lues, from the Beginning of Page 598 to the end of the Page following. SERPENTARIA Virginiana, is an alexi- pharmic and fovereign Remedy or Antidote againft the Bite of the Rattle-Snake.-The different fpecies of Serpentaria or Snake root, M are ( 97 ) ASH. Fraxinus Americana. A Decoaion from the Root of prickly AA, is a good Pur- gative and Lotion in a confirmed Lues; and as fuch is ufed by the Creeks. JUNIPER. Yuniperus. An Infufion of the Berries of this Tree, in Water or Spirits, is ftomachic, expels Wind, clears the Lungs, provokes the Menfes and removes Obftrudi- ons of the Vifcera. LOBELIA. With a Decodion of the Root of this Plant, the Creeks cure the Vene- rial Difeafe in every Stage. It ufually grows in Meadows, and on the fat low-Grounds of Rivers, Creeks, &c. It has a beauteous crimfon monopetalous Flower, and in Pro- perty is fomewhat tingent. The Fruit is an oval Capfule, containing a great Number of very fmall Seeds. The Decodion is ufually dulcified with Honey, which is a great Ap- perient. The Operation is by Stool, Urine, Sweat and Expedoration, all in a conftant, though moderate Degree. Vide Buchan on a confirmed Lues, from the Beginning of Page 598 to the end of the Page following. SERPENTARIA Virginiana, is an alexi- pharmic and fovereign Remedy or Antidote againft the Bite of the Rattle-Snake.-The different fpecies of Serpentaria or Snake root, M are ( 97 ) ASH. Fraxinus Americana. A Decoftion from the Root of prickly AfA, is a good Pur- gative and Lotion in a confirmed Lues; and as fuch is ufed by the Creeks. JUNIPER. 7uniperus. An Infufion of the Berries of this Tree, in Water or Spirits, is ftomachic, expels Wind, clears the Lungs, provokes the Menfes and removes Obftrudli- ons of the Vifcera. LOBELIA. With a Deco'tion of the Root of this Plant, the Creeks cure the Vene- rial Difeafe in every Stage. It ufually grows in Meadows, and on the fat low-Grounds of Rivers, Creeks, &c. It has a beauteous crimfon monopetalous Flower, and in Pro- perty is fomewhat tingent. The Fruit is an oval Capfule, containing a great Number of very fmall Seeds. The Decoftion is ufually dulcified with Honey, which is a great Ap- perient. The Operation is by Stool, Urine, Sweat and Expedoration, all in a conftant, though moderate Degree. Vide Buchan on a confirmed Lues, from the Beginning of Page 598 to the end of the Page following. SERPENTARIA Virginiana, is an alexi- pharmic and fovereign Remedy or Antidote againft the Bite of the Rattle-Snake.-The different fpecies of Serpentaria or Snake root, M are  ( 98 ) are univerfally known throughout the United States, by all Ranks of People. The Kind I allude to, is what is popularly called Rattle- Snake Root, which from its ftrong aromatic Smell, the Rattle-Snake will never approach, and is accordingly ufed by the Indians to banifh that and other Serpents from their Lodgments. VALERIAN, Valeriana Sylvejiris, Ex Verbo valere. It is warm and aromatic, but fomewhat foetid in its Scent. The Indians ufe it in nervous Diforders. Its Efficacy as a Sudorific, is fupported by the Teftimony of both antient and modern Pradice. ANGELICA. Angelica Sylvelris. Is ufed as a Luxury in Smoking and Chewing. ANATA. Is a Shrub of about five Feet high, bearing a red Flower, which the Creeks infufe in Water or decoct. With this Infu- fion or Decoaion, they dye their Leggens, Moccafons, Feathers, Belts, and other or- namental Parts of Drefs. The Seminolies who are connected with the Creeks, are faid, though more unpolifhed in their Manners, to have a greater Know- ledge in Botany, than their more Northern or Weftern Brethren. ( 98 ) are univerfally known throughout the United States, by all Ranks of People. The Kind I allude to, is what is popularly called Rattle- Snake Root, which from its ftrong aromatic Smell, the Rattle-Snake will never approach, and is accordingly ufed by the Indians to banifh that and other Serpents from their Lodgments. VALERIAN, Valeriana Sylvefiris, Ex Verbo valere. It is warm and aromatic, but fomewhat foetid in its Scent. The Indians ufe it in nervous Diforders. Its Efficacy as a Sudorific, is fupported by the Teftimony of both antient and modern Praaice. ANGELICA. Angelica Sylvefiris. Is ufed as a Luxury in Smoking and Chewing. ANATA. Is a Shrub of about five Feet high, bearing a red Flower, which the Creeks infufe in Water or decod. With this Infu- fion or Decoction, they dye their Leggens, Moccafons, Feathers, Belts, and other or- namental Parts of Drefs. The Seminolies who are conneaed with the Creeks, are faid, though more unpolifhed in their Manners, to have a greater Know- ledge in Botany, than their more Northern or Weftern Brethren. Sept, ( 98 ) are univerfally known throughout the United States, by all Ranks of People. The Kind I allude to, is what is popularly called Rattle- Snake Root, which from its ftrong aromatic Smell, the Rattle-Snake will never approach, and is accordingly ufed by the Indians to banifh that and other Serpents from their Lodgments. VALERIAN, Valeriana Sylveftris, Ex Verbo valere. It is warm and aromatic, but fomewhat fotid in its Scent. The Indians ufe it in nervous Diforders. Its Efficacy as a Sudorific, is fupported by the Teftimony of both antient and modern Praice. ANGELICA. Angelica Sylvef/ris. Is ufed as a Luxury in Smoking and Chewing. ANATA. Is a Shrub of about five Feet high, bearing a red Flower, which the Creeks infufe in Water or decot. With this Infu- fion or Deconion, they dye their Leggens, Moccafons, Feathers, Belts, and other or- namental Parts of Drefs. The Seminolies who are connected with the Creeks, are faid, though more unpolifhed in their Manners, to have a greater Know- ledge in Botany, than their more Northern or Weftern Brethren. Sept,  ( 99 ) Sept.-Weighed Anchor, left St. Mary's, entered the Gulph Stream, and after a Paf- fage of Thirteen Days, reached the City of New-York; where, and in its Vicinage I continued about a Fortnight, experiencing Nothing more than common Civility from the Citizens.-The City of New-York is fituate on Manhatan Ifland; being a large handfome, and populous Place ; where there is an excellent Harbour, furnifhed with com- modious Quays and Ware-houfes, from whence numerous Ships and other Veffels are annually employed in its foreign Trade and Fifheries. Paffed on in the New-York Packet Schooner to Brunfwick, the Metropolis of New-7erfey, where I vifited Col. White, who refides in this Place. He is a brave, generous, old, Continental Officer, and made a confpicuous Figure on the Theatre of the laft American War with Britain. At this Place and in New-York, Meffieurs Paine, Chevallie, Higbee, Laurence, and Griffin Gentlemen from Virginia, rendered me po- lite Attention and Affiftance.-Gratitude fhall imprefs a long Remembrance of them on the Tablet of my Heart. A young En- glijkman of the Name of William Collier, during my Indifpofition at New-York, dif- played ( 99 ) Sept.-Weighed Anchor, left St. Mary's, entered the Gulph Stream, and after a Paf- fage of Thirteen Days, reached the City of New-York; where, and in its Vicinage I continued about a Fortnight, experiencing Nothing more than common Civility from the Citizens.-The City of New-York is fituate on Manhatan Ifland; being a large handfome, and populous Place ; where there is an excellent Harbour, furnifhed with com- modious Quays and Ware-houfes, from whence numerous Ships and other Veffels are annually employed in its foreign Trade and Fifheries. Paffed on in the New-York Packet Schooner to Brun/wick, the Metropolis of New-7erfey, where I vifited Col. White, who refides in this Place. He is a brave, generous, old, Continental Officer, and made a confpicuous Figure on the Theatre of the laft American War with Britain. At this Place and in New-York, Meffieurs Paine, Chevallie, Higbee, Laurence, and Griffin Gentlemen from Virginia, rendered me po- lite Attention and Affiftance. Gratitude fhall imprefs a long Remembrance of them on the Tablet of my Heart. A young En- glijhman of the Name of William Collier, during my Indifpofition at New-York, dif- played ( 99 ) Sept.-Weighed Anchor, left St. Mary's, entered the Gulph Stream, and after a Paf- fage of Thirteen Days, reached the City of New-York; where, and in its Vicinage I continued about a Fortnight, experiencing Nothing more than common Civility from the Citizens.-The City of New-York is fituate on Manhatan Ifland; being a large handfome, and populous Place ; where there is an excellent Harbour, furnifhed with com- modious Quays and Ware-houfes, from whence numerous Ships and other Veffels are annually employed in its foreign Trade and Fifheries. Paffed on in the New-York Packet Schooner to Brun/wick, the Metropolis of New-7erfey, where I vifited Col. White, who refides in this Place. He is a brave, generous, old, Continental Officer, and made a confpicuous Figure on the Theatre of the laft American War with Britain. At this Place and in New-York, Meffieurs Paine, Chevallie, Higbee, Laurence, and Griffin Gentlemen from Virginia, rendered me po- lite Attention and Affiftance. Gratitude fhall imprefs a long Remembrance of them on the Tablet of my Heart. A young En- gliAman of the Name of William Collier, during my Indifpofition at New-York, dif- played  ( oo) played a Line of Condud towards me, which does Honour to his Country and to human Nature. This Indifpofition arofe from the Bite of a Ground Rattle Snake, on the Margin of St. Mary's River, in which I had been bathing. This little Reptile is about Fourteen Inches long, and about as thick as a Man's little Finger. It conceals itfelf in the Duft, and makes its malignant Stroke on the unwary and unfufpeting Paffenger, which is equally fatal with the Bite of the larger Rattle- Snake or Moccafon, and requires as fpeedy and powerful Antidotes to its baneful in- jedions of ftrong and deadly Poifon.- Providentially for me, it made its Punc- ture on the Cuticle of my great Toe, at the Adhefion of the Nail, which prevented a general Diffuffion of the Poifon into my Vi- tal Parts. As I paffed rapidly in the Stage through Princeton and Trenton, on my Way to Phila- delphia, I muft wave a Defcription of the two former, and flightly touch upon the latter, which is a large, populous and extenfive Place, the Capitol and Emporium of Penn- fylvania. In this charming City I continued ten Days, though unfortunately often con- fined (100) played a Line of Condu& towards me, which does Honour to his Country and to human Nature. This Indifpofition arofe from the Bite of a Ground Rattle Snake, on the Margin of St. Mary's River, in which I had been bathing. This little Reptile is about Fourteen Inches long, and about as thick as a Man's little Finger. It conceals itfelf in the Duft, and makes its malignant Stroke on the unwary and unfufpeding Paffenger, which is equally fatal with the Bite of the larger Rattle- Snake or Moccafon, and requires as fpeedy and powerful Antidotes to its baneful in- jeitions of ftrong and deadly Poifon.- Providentially for me, it made its Punc- ture on the Cuticle of my great Toe, at the Adhefion of the Nail, which prevented a general Diffuffion of the Poifon into my Vi- tal Parts. As I paffed rapidly in the Stage through Princeton and Trenton, on my Way to Phila- delphia, I muft wave a Defcription of the two former, and flightly touch upon the latter, which is a large, populous and extenfive Place, the Capitol and Emporium of Penn- fylvania. In this charming City I continued ten Days, though unfortunately often con- fined ( oo) played a Line of Condud towards me, which does Honour to his Country and to human Nature. This Indifpofition arofe from the Bite of a Ground Rattle Snake, on the Margin of St. Mary's River, in which I had been bathing. This little Reptile is about Fourteen Inches long, and about as thick as a Man's little Finger. It conceals itfelf in the Duft, and makes its malignant Stroke on the unwary and unfufpedting Paffenger, which is equally fatal with the Bite of the larger Rattle- Snake or Moccafon, and requires as fpeedy and powerful Antidotes to its baneful in- jedions of ftrong and deadly Poifon.- Providentially for me, it made its Punc- ture on the Cuticle of my great Toe, at the Adhefion of the Nail, which prevented a general Diffuffon of the Poifon into my Vi- tal Parts. As I paffed rapidly in the Stage through Princeton and Trenton, on my Way to Phila- delphia, I muff wave a Defcription of the two former, and flightly touch upon the latter, which is a large, populous and extenfive Place, the Capitol and Emporium of Penn- fylvania. In this charming City I continued ten Days, though unfortunately often con- fined  ( IOI ) fined to my Room, from the Indifpofition laft mentioned. At Intervals of Eafe, I could not refrain from ftrolling through va- rious Parts of the City, which for its Size and Regularity is unequalled by any other in the Union, and probably not furpaffed by any in Europe, as to the latter. Her Mer- chants are very wealthy, and her Citizens in general, from their Induftry and Frugality, raifed above the Frowns of Indigence, and many, though in humble, modeft Garb, far above a Mediocrity of Fortune. Voltaire's Account of Pennfylvania, often occurred to my Recolleaion, whilft encircled by the humane unambitious Citizens of Philadelphia. In a Groupe of Quakers I particularly obferved an itenerant Preacher, whofe Afped was a good Index of the Temper and Difpofition of Quakers in general.- I will attempt a Defeription of him, by fome Quotations from, and In- terpolations of, Mr. Dryden's Parifh Prieft. The PREACHER. A Quaker Preacher, of the Pilgrim Train : An awful, rev'rend, and religious Man. His Eyes defus'd a venerable Grace, And Charity itfelf was in his Face. Rich ( IOI ) fined to my Room, from the Indifpofition laft mentioned. At Intervals of Eafe, I could not refrain from ftrolling through va- rious Parts of the City, which for its Size and Regularity is unequalled by any other in the Union, and probably not furpaffed by any in Europe, as to the latter. Her Mer- chants are very wealthy, and her Citizens in general, from their Induftry and Frugality, raifed above the Frowns of Indigence, and many, though in humble, modeft Garb, far above a Mediocrity of Fortune. Voltaire's Account of Pennfylvania, often occurred to my Recolledion, whilft encircled by the humane unambitious Citizens of Philadelphia. In a Groupe of Quakers I particularly obferved an itenerant Preacher, whofe Afpe& was a good Index of the Temper and Difpofition of Quakers in general.-I will attempt a Defcription of him, by fome Quotations from, and In- terpolations of, Mr. Dryden's Parifh Prieft. The PREACHER. A Quaker Preacher, of the Pilgrim Train : An awful, rev'rend, and religious Man. His Eyes defus'd a venerable Grace, And Charity itfelf was in his Face. Rich ( IOI ) fined to my Room, from the Indifpofition laft mentioned. At Intervals of Eafe, I could not refrain from ftrolling through va- rious Parts of the City, which for its Size and Regularity is unequalled by any other in the Union, and probably not furpaffed by any in Europe, as to the latter. Her Mer- chants are very wealthy, and her Citizens in general, from their Induftry and Frugality, raifed above the Frowns of Indigence, and many, though in humble, modeft Garb, far above a Mediocrity of Fortune. Voltaire's Account of Pennfylvania, often occurred to my Recolle'tion, whilft encircled by the humane unambitious Citizens of Philadelphia. In a Groupe of Quakers I particularly obferved an itenerant Preacher, whofe Afped was a good Index of the Temper and Difpofition of Quakers in general.- I will attempt a Defcription of him, by fome Quotations from, and In- terpolations of, Mr. Dryden's Parifh Prieft. The PREACHER. A Quaker Preacher, of the Pilgrim Train : An awful, rev'rend, and religious Man. His Eyes defus'd a venerable Grace, And Charity itfelf was in his Face. Rick  ( 102 ) Rich was his Soul, tho' his Attire was poor, As God had cloth'd his own Ambafador ; For fuch, on Earth, his bleft Redeemer bore. Refn'd himfelf to Soul, to curb the Senfe, And made almoft a Sin of Abftinence. Yet had his Afpeln nothing of fevere, But fuch a Face as promifed him fincere. Nothing referv'd, or fullen was to fee; But tweet Regards, and pleafing Saninity, Mild was his Accent; and his Aition free. With Eloquence innate his Soul was arm'd; Tho' harfh the Precept, yet the Preacher charm'd. Re bore his great Commifion in his Look : But fweetly temper'd Awe and foften'd all be fpoke. From his flight Stock be had fomewhat to fpare, To feed the fami/h'd, and to cloath the Bare : And ever was at Hand without Requeft, To ferve the Sick, and fuccour the Diftreft. The Proud he tam'd, the Penitent he chear'd, Nor to reprove the Rich Ofender fear'd; His Preaching much, but more his Praffice wrought, (A living Sermon of the Truth he Taught.) With what he beg'd, his Brethren he reliev'd, And gave the Charities himfelf receiv'd: Gave, while he taught, and edify'd the more, Becaufe he lhew'd by Proof, 'twas eafy to be poor. In my Perambulations through Philadel- phia, (whofe Police is moft excellent) I do not recolleft ever to have feen a Beggar, or heard that Prophanity and Vulgarity of Ex- preffion, fo common amongft the lower Clafs ( 102 ) Rich was his Soul, tho' his Attire was poor, As God had cloth'd his own Ambafador ; For fuch, on Earth, his bleft Redeemer bore. Refin'd himfelf to Soul, to curb the Senfe, And made almoft a Sin of Abftinence. Yet had his Afpen nothing of fevere, But fuch a Face as promifed him fincere. Nothing referv'd, or fullen was to fee; But fweet Regards, and pleafing Santity, Mild was his Accent; and his Aetion free. With Eloquence innate his Soul was arm'd; Tho' harh the Precept, yet the Preacher charm'd. Be bore his great Commifion in his Look : But fweetly temper'd Awe and foften'd all be fpoke. From his flight Stock be had fomewhat to fpare, To feed the famifh'd, and to cloath the Bare : And ever was at Hand without Requeft, To ferve the Sick, and fuccour the Diftreft. The Proud he tam'd, the Penitent he chear'd, Nor to reprove the Rich Ofender fear'd; His Preaching much, but more his Praffice wrought, (A living Sermon of the Truth he Taught.) With what he beg'd, his Brethren he reliev'd, And gave the Charities himfelf receiv'd: Gave, while he taught, and edify'd the more, Becaufe he fhew'd by Proof, 'twas eafy to be poor. In my Perambulations through Philadel- phia, (whofe Police is moft excellent) I do not recolled ever to have feen a Beggar, or heard that Prophanity and Vulgarity of Ex- preffion, fo common amongft the lower Clafs ( 102 ) Rich was his Soul, tho his Attire was poor, As God had cloth'd his own Ambaffador ; For fuch, on Earth, his bleft Redeemer bore. Refin'd himfelf to Soul, to curb the Senfe, And made almoft a Sin of Abftinence. Yet had his AfpeR nothing of fevere, But fuch a Face as promifed him fincere. Nothing referv'd, or fullen was to fee; But fweet Regards, and pleafing Saninity, Mild was his Accent; and his Alnion free. With Eloquence innate his Soul was arm'd; Tho' harf the Precept, yet the Preacher charm'd. Be bore his great Commifion in his Look : But fweetly temper'd Awe and foften'd all be fpoke. From his flight Stock be had fomewhat to fpare, To feed the famih'd, and to cloath the Bare : And ever was at Hand without Requeft, To ferve the Sick, and fuccour the Diftreft. The Proud he tam'd, the Penitent he chear'd, Nor to reprove the Rich Ofender fear'd; His Preaching much, but more his Pratice wrought, (A living Sermon of the Truth he Taught.) With what he beg'd, his Brethren he reliev'd, And gave the Charities himfelf receiv'd: Gave, while he taught, and edifyd the more, Becaufe he fhew'd by Proof, 'twas eafy to be poor. In my Perambulations through Philadel- pAa, (whofe Police is moft excellent) I do not recolleft ever to have feen a Beggar, or heard that Prophanity and Vulgarity of Ex- preffion, fo common amongft the lower Clafs  ( 103 ) Clafs in all other populous Cities ; but on the contrary, difcovered all Ranks decently habited, with a Serenity of Countenance, mild Addrefs, and in Steady, though moderate Purfuit of their refpetive Vocations. A minute Defeription of this City is both foreign to my Purpofe, and beyond my KEN. I fhall therefore only convey my Sentiments in a few Lines of doggrel Verfe, on three Gentlemen who refide in this Place, and from whom I have recieved Favors and Po- lite Attention. To HENRY KNOX, EsQ. Secretary at War. To EDMUND RANDOLPH, Efq. Attorney Gen. To SAMUEL PLEASANTS, Efq. Merchant. GENTLEMEN, F R OM me this Letter you'll receive, Th' Ofspring of Afel'ion, Whilfi I my hzghefi Plaudits give To your wife Elenion : For ( 103 ) Clafs in all other populous Cities ; but on the contrary, difcovered all Ranks decently habited, with a Serenity of Countenance, mild Addrefs, and in Steady, though moderate Purfuit of their refpe&ive Vocations. A minute Defeription of this City is both foreign to my Purpofe, and beyond my KEN. I fhall therefore only convey my Sentiments in a few Lines of doggrel Verfe, on three Gentlemen who refide in this Place, and from whom I have recieved Favors and Po- lite Attention. To HENRY KNOX, EsQ. Secretary at War. To EDMUND RANDOLPH, Efg. Attorney Gen. To SAMUEL PLEASANTS, Efg. Merchant. GENTLEMEN, ROM me this Letter you'll receive, Th' Ofspring of Affelion, Whilfl I my highefl Plaudits give To your wife Elesion : For ( 103 ) Clafs in all other populous Cities ; but on the contrary, difcovered all Ranks decently habited, with a Serenity of Countenance, mild Addrefs, and in Steady, though moderate Purfuit of their refpedive Vocations. A minute Defcription of this City is both foreign to my Purpofe, and beyond my KEN. I (hall therefore only convey my Sentiments in a few Lines of doggrel Verfe, on three Gentlemen who refide in this Place, and from whom I have recieved Favors and Po- lite Attention. To HENRY KNOX, EsQ. Secretary at War. To EDMUND RANDOLPH, Efq. Attorney Gen. To SAMUEL PLEASANTS, Efq. Merchant. GENTLEMEN, JROM me this Letter you'll receive, Th' Ofspring of Afeaion, WhilfJ I my highefl Plaudits give To your wife EleRion : For  ( 104 ) For who as Secretary could In Competition vie With Knox the gen'rous, brave and good ? Pale Envy an/wers-I. And who with Randolph can Compare In fmooth Oratory When e're he brightens up the Bar, Wi/h /weet Mel in Ore. There were two Men dame Candour faid, Who equall'd him I wis, In Rome and Athens once they plead, Tully and Demoftth'nes. Who can a nobler Work narrate Than what Sam : Pleafants is I mu/ recur to antient Date And quote Arifnides. Who th' Epithet of Juft acquir'd From his Intrinfic Worth; Like him /hall Pleafants be admired For Honor, Jufice, Truth- By which Im regulated when, ('Tis no Offence I hope) I fay you are three worthy Men As e'er obliged POPE. ( 104 ) For who as Secretary could In Competition vie With Knox the genrous, brave and good? Pale Envy an/wers-I. And who with Randolph can Compare In fmooth Oratory When e're he brightens up the Bar, With fweet Mel in Ore. There were two Men dame Candour faid, Who equall'd him I wis, In Rome and Athens once they plead, Tully and Demoftth'nes. Who can a nobler Work narrate Than what Sam : Pleafants is I mu/I recur to antient Date And quote Ariftides. Who th' Epithet of Juft acquir'd From his Intrinfic Worth; Like him/hall Pleafants be admired For Honor, 7ulice, Truth- By which i'm regulated when, ('Tis no Offence I hope) I fay you are three worthy Men As e'cr obliged POPE. ( 104 ) For who as Secretary could In Competition vie With Knox the gen'rous, brave and good? Pale Envy an/wers-I. And who with Randolph can Compare In fmooth Oratory When e're he brightens up the Bar, With fweet Mel in Ore. There were two Men dame Candour faid, Who equall'd him I wi, In Rome and Athens once they plead, Tully and Demoftth'nes. Who can a nobler Work narrate Than what Sam : Pleafants is I mu/i recur to antient Date And quote Ariftides. Who th' Epithet of Juft acquir'd From his Intrinfic Worth; Like him/hall Pleafants be admired For Honor, 7ujlice, Truth- By which 'm regulated when, ('Tis no Offence I hope) I fay you are three worthy Men As e'er obliged POPE.  ( 105 ) YUAN 0f mqe 'verdadera. The Critics Sneer I do not dread :-for I have this hum- ble Confolation, that all1 my Work as being merely bottomed in TRU rH, will he an Obje& far below the Dignity of Criticifm.- Sweet Belle and Beau, I had it once in Con- templation, to have furnilhed out Amufement for yo"'-but dame Nature, the Miftrefs of fair Genius, gave a flap upon my CEREBEL, and bade me to defift.--------Here, gentle Reader, as thou art tired, I will make a fiand, and if thou wilt forgive, declare- TU ERES UN BUEN AMIGO. TRANSLATED. GOD BLESS THlE HAND WHO GIVES ME ~ B R E A D. ( 105 ) YUAN muy verdad ro. The Critics Sneer I do not dread:-for I have this hum- ble Confolation, that all my Work as being merely bottomed in TRU r'H, will he an Otbje&t far below the Dignity of Criticifm.- Sweet Belle and Beau, I had it once in Con- temnplation, to have furniffied out Amufement for yowlj-but dame Nature, the Miftrefs of fi Genius, gavea flap upon my CEREB EL, and bade me to defift.--------Here, gentle Reader, as thou art tired, I will make a Rand, and if thou wilt forgive, declare- TU ERES UN BUEN AMIGO. TRANSLATED. GOD BLESS THE HAND WHO GIVES ME SB R EA D. ( 105) JUAN e~f muy verdaders. The Critics Sneer I do not dread:-for I have this hum- ble Confolation, that a,'l my Work as being merely bottomed in TRU rH, will he an Obje&t far below the Dignity of Criticifm.- Sweet Belle and Beau, I had it once in Con- templation, to have furnifhed out Amufement for you's-but dame Nature, the Miftrefs of fair Genius, gavea flap upon my CEREBEL, and bade me to defift.--------Here, gentle Reader, as thou art tired, I will make a Rand, and if thou wilt forgive, declare- T U ERES UN BURN AMIGO. TRANSLATED. GOD BLESS THE HAND WHO GIVES ME , B R E AD.   E R RA TA. Pape i1 1. t for 6"Relations" ted " Reletivos. tI. 11 for "excited" road "excite" 14 . 7 for " ewaut" r'ad It await" 1 . t; for "6Traine" red " Traits" 17 1. 1 for " purellV red isporlefs" 1 . ; for "evinxtd" to d " evince" 1s 1. 14 for " materially" road "' material" s4 I. r; for " Bayoe" real " BayaeO" $7 1. 17 far 46 eangered" reed " enaemeged" - . a I fcc "oppeog' ted "appirfi., 19 1. a for '" Mionatry" real " M,,ra~ry" 40 1. Sfor " Memetamil" ed " Mamonel" -' . te fat " widl" reed " well" 4101. for "to" read "of" 47 1. 1e for "Tenfacola" rood "' Penfacola" 1 . 09 far " impaited" reed "i rpaired" 55 1. 16 for '"Aegar" read "'Augre" 59 I. 0 9 for "hburried" "rooad " bur'd" 6s I. 6 before "' Tails of eameroos" read "tbroad" 6e I. xa for "tMaooy" read " Monetary" 6t 1. a, for. Oekmulga" rood ' Ockmalgee" 761I. t6 for "as" reed " for" - I. 3so " Batroad " oaft" 79 1.17 After "tho' " read "e"s 36 1. s5 for 66Contedlaon" reed 16Crotaai 93 1. s foe' "ix appliea" red "4 it applies:" E R RA TA. Page to 1. 3 far " Releajtion" read " Relatives. r; I. t; for " excited" reod " excite" 04 I. 7 fer " awert" c-ed " await" - I. t; for " Trits" rood " Traita" 17 1. 1 for "porelefi" reed "peorlefs" 1 . ; for "it ei'd" ce d " evine" S I . 04 for " materially" rood " material" 04 I. 11 fec "Bayetie" real " Bayuue" 27 . 17 fir "~ endangered" reod " etlaooged" 1 . i3 fcr "oppofing" reed "oppirofaog" 39 1. s for " Morelry" reol " Morelfocy" 4o 1. S for " Mtmnemidl" toad "'Mamoneft" - I. to for " will" road '" well" 41 I. ; for '"to" read "of" 47 . to for "Tefacola" road "t Penfacala" 1 . t9 far " impaired" reed " repaired" SS 1. s6 for "Augot" reed "tAugre" 59 I. t9 frr "hbrried'" reed " burid" 6, 1. 6 beoeo" Tails of oateroa" read "broad" 6z I. ox for " Moaoty" reed 11Moecory" 6t 1. a, for Is Orkmulga" reed " Ockmulgeo" 76 1. 16 for " as" trad " fot" - 1S ; for "Brea." read itaBolft 79 1. t7 After "'the'" read "'e 36 1. s5 for "t Contefliti" read rr Cortaflotion 9S L s5 foe " ixapplies" read "it applie." E R RA TA. Page x1 1. / for '6 Relations" read a' Relatives. t;I.o for 6'ecited" read 6 excite" 1I. 7 fec "' awae" c.'d " await' -I. og for " Traitn" reed " Tradts" 17 I. a for "parelofo" rood "Speerlefe" - . ; for OS evioc'd" re d " evtince" 3 I1. t4 for "f materially" read " material" s4 . r; for a. Bayetie" read " Bayaoo" 27 IL wy f-icodattgered" red 't .t.damaged" . 1. 3t fcr "oppofiag" road "oppirelfing" 39 I. s Far ' Maltlry" reel t Monatery" 40 1. Sfor " Mamaomtit" reod " Mammtoneft" - . to fot " will" meed " well" 41 1. 1 fee " ta" reod " of" 4I. to far "Tenfacola" rend "6 Peo'acola" 1 . 19 for " impaired" read " repaired" 55 1. 26 for " Agur" read 11Augre" I9 . 19 fcrt "berried" "read "'bori'd" 61 1. 6 before " Tailsof omeroua" read "'brood" 6s 1. ax for 'S Maooty' road "aMonotony" 69 1. s9 for to Orkmoga" reed ' Orkmalget" 76 1. it far " as" read '"far" 1 . 3fee 'a Breell" read " Broll" 79 1. t7 After " tho' " read "6at" f6 1. s5 for " Coaftioti" read It Catetoa 97 1. a5 for "ia appli es" read "it applies."   INDEX. Adultery: among Creeks, 56-57 Agriculture: among Creeks, 62-64 Alabama River, 46 Alexandrian Bluffs, 36 Allegheny Mountains: Pope crosses, 12; mentioned, 34 Alligators: Pope observes, 42; bite off Billy Pig's toe, 54 Altamaha River, 68 Ambergrise, 93 Amelia County, Va., 34 America, 80 American Revolution: Pope in, xi-xii, 9; Col. Thruston in, 8; George Rogers Clark in, 19-20; Gen. Anthony Wayne in, 41; Major Fairlamb in, 41; Loyalists, 67; in Georgia, 75; Col. M--e in, 75-76; mentioned, 72. See also Loyalists Americans: in Pensacola, 43 Amethysts, 93 Amherst County, Va.: Pope resides in, xi, xii, xiii, 79 Anabaptism, 38 Anata: cataloged, 98 Andrea, Don, 39-40 Angelica: cataloged, 98 Anspacher, 25 Apples, 44, 48 Aristides, 104 Artichokes, 8-9 Ash: cataloged, 97 Athens, Greece, 104 INDEX. Adultery: among Creeks, 56-57 Agriculture: among Creeks, 62-64 Alabama River, 46 Alexandrian Bluffs, 36 Allegheny Mountains: Pope crosses, 12; mentioned, 34 Alligators: Pope observes, 42; bite off Billy Pig's toe, 54 Altamaha River, 68 Ambergrise, 93 Amelia County, Va., 34 America, 80 American Revolution: Pope in, xi-xii, 9; Col. Thruston in, 8; George Rogers Clark in, 19-20; Gen. Anthony Wayne in, 41; Major Fairlamb in, 41; Loyalists, 67; in Georgia, 75; Col. M--e in, 75-76; mentioned, 72. See also Loyalists Americans: in Pensacola, 43 Amethysts, 93 Amherst County, Va.: Pope resides in, xi, xii, xiii, 79 Anabaptism, 38 Anata: cataloged, 98 Andrea, Don, 39-40 Angelica: cataloged, 98 Anspacher, 25 Apples, 44, 48 Aristides, 104 Artichokes, 8-9 Ash: cataloged, 97 Athens, Greece, 104 INDEX. Adultery: among Creeks, 56-57 Agriculture: among Creeks, 62-64 Alabama River, 46 Alexandrian Bluffs, 36 Allegheny Mountains: Pope crosses, 12; mentioned, 34 Alligators: Pope observes, 42; bite off Billy Pig's toe, 54 Altamaha River, 68 Ambergrise, 93 Amelia County, Va., 34 America, 80 American Revolution: Pope in, xi-xii, 9; Col. Thruston in, 8; George Rogers Clark in, 19-20; Gen. Anthony Wayne in, 41; Major Fairlamb in, 41; Loyalists, 67; in Georgia, 75; Col. M--e in, 75-76; mentioned, 72. See also Loyalists Americans: in Pensacola, 43 Amethysts, 93 Amherst County, Va.: Pope resides in, xi, xii, xiii, 79 Anabaptism, 38 Anata: cataloged, 98 Andrea, Don, 39-40 Angelica: cataloged, 98 Anspacher, 25 Apples, 44, 48 Aristides, 104 Artichokes, 8-9 Ash: cataloged, 97 Athens, Greece, 104  Atlantic Ocean, 80 Augusta, Ga.: Pope visits, xxii, 72-74; mentioned, 75, 83 Bacon,26,34 Baine, Capt.: commands Exchange, 88; mentioned, xxx, note 22. See also "Bean," Captain Ball match: Indian, 49-51 Baltimore, Md.: merchants in New Orleans, 41 Bayou Chappaliere: Pope describes, 35 Bayou Pierre: Pope passes and describes, 30, 33; men- tioned, 35 Bayou St. John: Pope travels on and describes, 24, 42; men- tioned, 37 Beall, Mr., 18 "Bean," Captain, xxx, note 22. See also Baine, Capt. Bear meat, 21-22, 26 Beaver skins, 68 Beech Island, 75 Beef, 43 Beeson Town, Pa.: Pope observes, 12 Beetles, 65 Berkeley County, Va.: Pope travels through, xv, 10-11 Besheare, Captain, 24 Billy Pig: Indian legend, xxii, 54 Black Dog, 64-65 Blue Ridge Mountains: Pope crosses, 7 Boston, Mass., 88 Bourbon Township, Ky.: Pope passes through, 18 Boyd and Ker: letter to, 51, 52 Brackenridge, Hugh Henry: Pope meets, xv-xvi; Pope de- scribes, 14-17; marriage, xxix, note 11, 14-17; men- tinoned, x Braddock, Gen. Edward: Pope passes his grave, 12 British: and Pensacola, 43; in American Revolution, 75; mentioned, 67 Broken Arrow: Pope at, 52-53; mentioned, 60 Broken Arrow, Little King of: aids Pope, 54; furnishes Pope with Creek vocabulary, 65 Brunswick, N.J.: Pope at, xxiv, 99 Buffalo, 26, 59 Bugg and Watkins, Messrs.: Pope observes plantation, 75 Bully, the, 64 Atlantic Ocean, 80 Augusta, Ga.: Pope visits, xxii, 72-74; mentioned, 75, 83 Bacon,26,34 Baine, Capt.: commands Exchange, 88; mentioned, xxx, note 22. See also "Bean," Captain Ball match: Indian, 49-51 Baltimore, Md.: merchants in New Orleans, 41 Bayou Chappaliere: Pope describes, 35 Bayou Pierre: Pope passes and describes, 30, 33; men- tioned, 35 Bayou St. John: Pope travels on and describes, 24, 42; men- tioned, 37 Beall, Mr., 18 "Bean," Captain, xxx, note 22. See also Baine, Capt. Bear meat, 21-22, 26 Beaver skins, 68 Beech Island, 75 Beef, 43 Beeson Town, Pa.: Pope observes, 12 Beetles, 65 Berkeley County, Va.: Pope travels through, xv, 10-11 Besheare, Captain, 24 Billy Pig: Indian legend, xxii, 54 Black Dog, 64-65 Blue Ridge Mountains: Pope crosses, 7 Boston, Mass., 88 Bourbon Township, Ky.: Pope passes through, 18 Boyd and Ker: letter to, 51, 52 Brackenridge, Hugh Henry: Pope meets, xv-xvi; Pope de- scribes, 14-17; marriage, xxix, note 11, 14-17; men- tioned, x Braddock, Gen. Edward: Pope passes his grave, 12 British: and Pensacola, 43; in American Revolution, 75; mentioned, 67 Broken Arrow: Pope at, 52-53; mentioned, 60 Broken Arrow, Little King of: aids Pope, 54; furnishes Pope with Creek vocabulary, 65 Brunswick, N.J.: Pope at, xxiv, 99 Buffalo, 26, 59 Bugg and Watkins, Messrs.: Pope observes plantation, 75 Bully, the, 64 Atlantic Ocean, 80 Augusta, Ga.: Pope visits, xxii, 72-74; mentioned, 75, 83 Bacon, 26, 34 Baine, Capt.: commands Exchange, 88; mentioned, xxx, note 22. See also "Bean," Captain Ball match: Indian, 49-51 Baltimore, Md.: merchants in New Orleans, 41 Bayou Chappaliere: Pope describes, 35 Bayou Pierre: Pope passes and describes, 30, 33; men- tioned, 35 Bayou St. John: Pope travels on and describes, 24, 42; men- tioned, 37 Beall, Mr., 18 "Bean," Captain, xxx, note 22. See also Baine, Capt. Bear meat, 21-22, 26 Beaver skins, 68 Beech Island, 75 Beef, 43 Beeson Town, Pa.: Pope observes, 12 Beetles, 65 Berkeley County, Va.: Pope travels through, xv, 10-11 Besheare, Captain, 24 Billy Pig: Indian legend, xxii, 54 Black Dog, 64-65 Blue Ridge Mountains: Pope crosses, 7 Boston, Mass., 88 Bourbon Township, Ky.: Pope passes through, 18 Boyd and Ker: letter to, 51, 52 Brackenridge, Hugh Henry: Pope meets, xv-xvi; Pope de- scribes, 14-17; marriage, xxix, note 11, 14-17; men- tioned, x Braddock, Gen. Edward: Pope passes his grave, 12 British: and Pensacola, 43; in American Revolution, 75; mentioned, 67 Broken Arrow: Pope at, 52-53; mentioned, 60 Broken Arrow, Little King of: aids Pope, 54; furnishes Pope with Creek vocabulary, 65 Brunswick, N.J.: Pope at, xxiv, 99 Buffalo, 26, 59 Bugg and Watkins, Messrs.: Pope observes plantation, 75 Bully, the, 64  Bums' poems: quoted, 78 Butler, Senator Pierce: Pope describes, xxiii; Pope accom- panies, 81-82; mentioned, x Butler, Samuel: Pope's use of, xiii, 17 Butter, 34 Caesar, 69 Call, Major: Pope visits, 69-70 Cane, 30 Capuchins, 39 Carey, James, xxv Carolinas, 30, 93 Cassine: cataloged, 95 Catfish, 26 Catholicism: in New Orleans, 38-41 Cattle, 36, 49 Cemetery: in New Orleans, 39, 40-41 Chancellor of Castille: grants divorce dispensation, 40 Chapel, 43 Charles V, Emperor of Germany, 84 Charleston, S.C.: Pope visits, xxiii, 81-88; mentioned, xxx, note 22, 91 Chattahoochee River: stopped by Billy Pig, 54; mentioned, xxii, 53, 59, 67 Chevallie, "Messieur": assists Pope, 99 Cherokee Indians, 61 Chesterfield County, Va., xii Chickasaw Bluffs: Pope at, 23, 24 Chickasaw Indians, 24 Choctaw Indians: visit Pope, 25-26 Church. See Anabaptism; Catholicism; Methodism; Pres- byterianism; Protestants City Coffee House (Savannah): Pope lodges there, 79 Clark, Enrique. See Clark, George Rogers Clark, Gen. George Rogers: Pope visits, xvi, 19-20; sends Pope on tour, xx, xxi; mentioned, x, xxx, note 12, 95 Clark, Francis Eleanor: marries O'Fallon, xvii, 29; de- scribed, xxx, note 12 "Clarke, Miss." See Clark, Francis Eleanor Clay, Ensign: Pope visits, 69-70 Clover, 36 Coal: in Floridas, 93 Burns' poems: quoted, 78 Butler, Senator Pierce: Pope describes, xxiii; Pope accom- panies, 81-82; mentioned, x Butler, Samuel: Pope's use of, xiii, 17 Butter, 34 Caesar, 69 Call, Major: Pope visits, 69-70 Cane, 30 Capuchins, 39 Carey, James, xxv Carolinas, 30, 93 Cassine: cataloged, 95 Catfish, 26 Catholicism: in New Orleans, 38-41 Cattle, 36, 49 Cemetery: in New Orleans, 39, 40-41 Chancellor of Castille: grants divorce dispensation, 40 Chapel, 43 Charles V, Emperor of Germany, 84 Charleston, S.C.: Pope visits, xxiii, 81-88; mentioned, xxx, note 22, 91 Chattahoochee River: stopped by Billy Pig, 54; mentioned, xxii, 53, 59, 67 Chevallie, "Messieur": assists Pope, 99 Cherokee Indians, 61 Chesterfield County, Va., xii Chickasaw Bluffs: Pope at, 23, 24 Chickasaw Indians, 24 Choctaw Indians: visit Pope, 25-26 Church. See Anabaptism; Catholicism; Methodism; Pres- byterianism; Protestants City Coffee House (Savannah): Pope lodges there, 79 Clark, Enrique. See Clark, George Rogers Clark, Gen. George Rogers: Pope visits, xvi, 19-20; sends Pope on tour, xx, xxi; mentioned, x, xxx, note 12, 95 Clark, Francis Eleanor: marries O'Fallon, xvii, 29; de- scribed, xxx, note 12 "Clarke, Miss." See Clark, Francis Eleanor Clay, Ensign: Pope visits, 69-70 Clover, 36 Coal: in Floridas, 93 Burns' poems: quoted, 78 Butler, Senator Pierce: Pope describes, xxiii; Pope accom- panies, 81-82; mentioned, x Butler, Samuel: Pope's use of, xiii, 17 Butter, 34 Caesar, 69 Call, Major: Pope visits, 69-70 Cane, 30 Capuchins, 39 Carey, James, xxv Carolinas, 30, 93 Cassine: cataloged, 95 Catfish, 26 Catholicism: in New Orleans, 38-41 Cattle, 36, 49 Cemetery: in New Orleans, 39, 40-41 Chancellor of Castille: grants divorce dispensation, 40 Chapel, 43 Charles V, Emperor of Germany, 84 Charleston, S.C.: Pope visits, xxiii, 81-88; mentioned, xxx, note 22, 91 Chattahoochee River: stopped by Billy Pig, 54; mentioned, xxii, 53, 59, 67 Chevallie, "Messieur": assists Pope, 99 Cherokee Indians, 61 Chesterfield County, Va., xii Chickasaw Bluffs: Pope at, 23, 24 Chickasaw Indians, 24 Choctaw Indians: visit Pope, 25-26 Church. See Anabaptism; Catholicism; Methodism; Pres- byterianism; Protestants City Coffee House (Savannah): Pope lodges there, 79 Clark, Enrique. See Clark, George Rogers Clark, Gen. George Rogers: Pope visits, xvi, 19-20; sends Pope on tour, xx, xxi; mentioned, x, xxx, note 12, 95 Clark, Francis Eleanor: marries O'Fallon, xvii, 29; de- scribed, xxx, note 12 "Clarke, Miss." See Clark, Francis Eleanor Clay, Ensign: Pope visits, 69-70 Clover, 36 Coal: in Floridas, 93  Cochineal: in Floridas, 93 Coker, William S.: on Panton, Leslie and Company, xviii- Colic, 48 Collier, William: assists Pope, 99-100 Commerce: in New Orleans, 41; Indian, 44-45; at Mobile and Pensacola, 47; in New York City, 99 Coosa River: Pope visits McGillivray on, xix, 46 Copper: in Floridas, 93 Copper mines, 43 Corn: festival, 55; planting among Creeks, 62-63; Pope ob- serves fields, 75, 77; in Floridas, 93; mentioned, 33, 47, 60 Coweta: Pope at, 52-53; mentioned, 60 Cowpens, Battle of: Pope at, xi Craig, Mr.: boat wrecks, 23-24, 34; again encounters Pope, 27 Cranes, 23 Creek Indians: Pope leaves, 52; war with Seminoles, 53; Pope on language, 54; punishment for fornication and adultery, 56-58; burial ceremony, 58-59; tattooing among, 60; music among, 62; agriculture among, 62-64; vocabulary, 65-66; trade at Oconee, 70-71; use of medic- inal plants, 94, 95, 96, 97, 98; mentioned, 55, 72 Creek Nation: Pope leaves, xxii; Pope in, xxx, note 20; trade with Pensacola, 44; Turvin in, 67; mentioned, 5, 72 Creole (Don Andrea), 22 Crocodiles, 42 Culpepper County, Va.: Pope visits, 6 Cusseta: Pope at, 53; mentioned, 60 Cygnets, 23 Danville, Ky.: Pope visits, vii, 18-19; merchants accom- pany Pope, 13 Darisoux, Mr., 65 Deer skins, 44 Demosthenes, 104 Devil: and Creek language, 54 Disease. See Illness Divorce of Don Andrea, 39 Dixon, John: publishes Pope's Tour, xxv-xxvi; on "De- cemviri," xxxi, note 24 Dogwood: cataloged, 95 Douglass, Collin: letter to, 51, 52 Cochineal: in Floridas, 93 Coker, William S.: on Panton, Leslie and Company, xviii- xix Colic, 48 Collier, William: assists Pope, 99-100 Commerce: in New Orleans, 41; Indian, 44-45; at Mobile and Pensacola, 47; in New York City, 99 Coosa River: Pope visits McGillivray on, xix, 46 Copper: in Floridas, 93 Copper mines, 43 Corn: festival, 55; planting among Creeks, 62-63; Pope ob- serves fields, 75, 77; in Floridas, 93; mentioned, 33, 47, 60 Coweta: Pope at, 52-53; mentioned, 60 Cowpens, Battle of: Pope at, xi Craig, Mr.: boat wrecks, 23-24, 34; again encounters Pope, 27 Cranes, 23 Creek Indians: Pope leaves, 52; war with Seminoles, 53; Pope on language, 54; punishment for fornication and adultery, 56-58; burial ceremony, 58-59; tattooing among, 60; music among, 62; agriculture among, 62-64; vocabulary, 65-66; trade at Oconee, 70-71; use of medic- inal plants, 94, 95, 96, 97, 98; mentioned, 55, 72 Creek Nation: Pope leaves, xxii; Pope in, xxx, note 20; trade with Pensacola, 44; Turvin in, 67; mentioned, 5, 72 Creole (Don Andrea), 22 Crocodiles, 42 Culpepper County, Va.: Pope visits, 6 Cusseta: Pope at, 53; mentioned, 60 Cygnets, 23 Danville, Ky.: Pope visits, vii, 18-19; merchants accom- pany Pope, 13 Darisoux, Mr., 65 Deer skins, 44 Demosthenes, 104 Devil: and Creek language, 54 Disease. See Illness Divorce of Don Andrea, 39 Dixon, John: publishes Pope's Tour, xxv-xxvi; on "De- cemviri," xxxi, note 24 Dogwood: cataloged, 95 Douglass, Collin: letter to, 51, 52 Cochineal: in Floridas, 93 Coker, William S.: on Panton, Leslie and Company, xviii- xix Colic, 48 Collier, William: assists Pope, 99-100 Commerce: in New Orleans, 41; Indian, 44-45; at Mobile and Pensacola, 47; in New York City, 99 Coosa River: Pope visits McGillivray on, xix, 46 Copper: in Floridas, 93 Copper mines, 43 Corn: festival, 55; planting among Creeks, 62-63; Pope ob- serves fields, 75, 77; in Floridas, 93; mentioned, 33, 47, 60 Coweta: Pope at, 52-53; mentioned, 60 Cowpens, Battle of: Pope at, xi Craig, Mr.: boat wrecks, 23-24, 34; again encounters Pope, 27 Cranes, 23 Creek Indians: Pope leaves, 52; war with Seminoles, 53; Pope on language, 54; punishment for fornication and adultery, 56-58; burial ceremony, 58-59; tattooing among, 60; music among, 62; agriculture among, 62-64; vocabulary, 65-66; trade at Oconee, 70-71; use of medic- inal plants, 94, 95, 96, 97, 98; mentioned, 55, 72 Creek Nation: Pope leaves, xxii; Pope in, xxx, note 20; trade with Pensacola, 44; Turvin in, 67; mentioned, 5, 72 Creole (Don Andrea), 22 Crocodiles, 42 Culpepper County, Va.: Pope visits, 6 Cusseta: Pope at, 53; mentioned, 60 Cygnets, 23 Danville, Ky.: Pope visits, vii, 18-19; merchants accom- pany Pope, 13 Darisoux, Mr., 65 Deer skins, 44 Demosthenes, 104 Devil: and Creek language, 54 Disease. See Illness Divorce of Don Andrea, 39 Dixon, John: publishes Pope's Tour, xxv-xxvi; on "De- cemviri," xxxi, note 24 Dogwood: cataloged, 95 Douglass, Collin: letter to, 51, 52  Dryden, John: Pope's use of, xiii; quoted, 85, 101-2 Ducks, 92 Duel: Pope prevents, xxiii Dueling: Pope on, 86-88 Duval, William: Pope sells land to, xii, xxviii, note 7 East Florida: Pope explores, xxiv, 89-90, 91-92; mentioned, 5. See also Floridas Ebenezer, Ga.: Pope at, xxii, 75 Elder: cataloged, 96 Ellis, Mr., 34 England, 21, 72 Exchange, schooner: Pope takes passage on, xxiii, xxiv, xxx, note 22, 88 Fairlamb, Major: Pope meets, 41-42 Federal Fort (near the Oconee): Pope at, 69-71 Filson, John, 19 Flax, 6 Flint River: Pope crosses, xxii; Pope encamps on, 67; men- tioned, 68 Floridas: description of, 92-94; mentioned, 39. See also East Florida; Pensacola; St. Augustine; West Florida Flour, 26, 34 Fooley, Thomas: accompanies Pope, described, 13-14; Pope sees again in Louisville, 20-21 Foote, James: Pope describes, 88-89 Fornication: among Creeks, 56 Foucher, Pedro: Pope dines with, xvii, 22 France: dueling in, 87-88 Frederick County, Va., 10 Fredericksburg, Va., 11 French: religion of, 38; mentioned, 21, 22 Fruits, 44 Furs: as trade commodity, 70 Gates, Gen. Horatio: Pope sees, xv, 11; mentioned, x Gayoso de Lem6s, Gov. Manuel: Pope dines with, xvii, 29; mentioned, x, 30 Geese, 92 Georgia: Pope in, xxii, 69-81; mentioned, xiv, 23, 30, 42, 63, 67, 93. See also Augusta; Ebenezer; Purisburg; St. Marys; Savannah; Washington Dryden, John: Pope's use of, xiii; quoted, 85, 101-2 Ducks, 92 Duel: Pope prevents, xxiii Dueling: Pope on, 86-88 Duval, William: Pope sells land to, xii, xxviii, note 7 East Florida: Pope explores, xxiv, 89-90, 91-92; mentioned, 5. See also Floridas Ebenezer, Ga.: Pope at, xxii, 75 Elder: cataloged, 96 Ellis, Mr., 34 England, 21, 72 Exchange, schooner: Pope takes passage on, xxiii, xxiv, xxx, note 22, 88 Fairlamb, Major: Pope meets, 41-42 Federal Fort (near the Oconee): Pope at, 69-71 Filson, John, 19 Flax, 6 Flint River: Pope crosses, xxii; Pope encamps on, 67; men- tioned, 68 Floridas: description of, 92-94; mentioned, 39. See also East Florida; Pensacola; St. Augustine; West Florida Flour, 26, 34 Fooley, Thomas: accompanies Pope, described, 13-14; Pope sees again in Louisville, 20-21 Foote, James: Pope describes, 88-89 Fornication: among Creeks, 56 Foucher, Pedro: Pope dines with, xvii, 22 France: dueling in, 87-88 Frederick County, Va., 10 Fredericksburg, Va., 11 French: religion of, 38; mentioned, 21, 22 Fruits, 44 Furs: as trade commodity, 70 Gates, Gen. Horatio: Pope sees, xv, 11; mentioned, x Gayoso de Lem6s, Gov. Manuel: Pope dines with, xvii, 29; mentioned, x, 30 Geese, 92 Georgia: Pope in, xxii, 69-81; mentioned, xiv, 23, 30, 42, 63, 67, 93. See also Augusta; Ebenezer; Purisburg; St. Marys; Savannah; Washington Dryden, John: Pope's use of, xiii; quoted, 85, 101-2 Ducks, 92 Duel: Pope prevents, xxiii Dueling: Pope on, 86-88 Duval, William: Pope sells land to, xii, xxviii, note 7 East Florida: Pope explores, xxiv, 89-90, 91-92; mentioned, 5. See also Floridas Ebenezer, Ga.: Pope at, xxii, 75 Elder: cataloged, 96 Ellis, Mr., 34 England, 21, 72 Exchange, schooner: Pope takes passage on, xxiii, xxiv, xxx, note 22, 88 Fairlamb, Major: Pope meets, 41-42 Federal Fort (near the Oconee): Pope at, 69-71 Filson, John, 19 Flax, 6 Flint River: Pope crosses, xxii; Pope encamps on, 67; men- tioned, 68 Floridas: description of, 92-94; mentioned, 39. See also East Florida; Pensacola; St. Augustine; West Florida Flour, 26, 34 Fooley, Thomas: accompanies Pope, described, 13-14; Pope sees again in Louisville, 20-21 Foote, James: Pope describes, 88-89 Fornication: among Creeks, 56 Foucher, Pedro: Pope dines with, xvii, 22 France: dueling in, 87-88 Frederick County, Va., 10 Fredericksburg, Va., 11 French: religion of, 38; mentioned, 21, 22 Fruits, 44 Furs: as trade commodity, 70 Gates, Gen. Horatio: Pope sees, xv, 11; mentioned, x Gayoso de Lem6s, Gov. Manuel: Pope dines with, xvii, 29; mentioned, x, 30 Geese, 92 Georgia: Pope in, xxii, 69-81; mentioned, xiv, 23, 30, 42, 63, 67, 93. See also Augusta; Ebenezer; Purisburg; St. Marys; Savannah; Washington  Germantown, Pa., 77 God: Creek word for, 54 Grand Gulph, 29 Grand-Pre, Carlos de: Pope dines with, xvii, 31; men- tioned, x Gray, David, 11 Greasy Bend. See Neuvo Madrid; New Madrid Greene, Gen. Nathaniel, 77 Great Britain, 21, 72 Griffin, "Messieur": assists Pope, 99 Gulf Coast: health on, xviii Gulf of Mexico, 35 Gulf Stream, 99 Guthrie's Grammar: quoted, 92-93 Habersham, Col. Joseph: Pope talks with, xxii, 79; men- tioned, x Havana, Cuba, xxi Headache: McGillivray's, 48 Health: in Pensacola, 44 Hemp, 6, 47 Henry, Patrick: and Virginia Yazoo Company, xiv, xxix, note 10 Hickory trees, 46 Higbee, "Messieur": assists Pope, 99 Hobdy, John: invents machine, 6 Hogs, 49 Horses: Pope observes, 36; mentioned, 49 Hospital: in New Orleans, 39, 40 Howard, Mr.: buys cemetery, 41 Hudibras: quoted, xiii, 17 Hunter, Moses, 11 Illness: Pope experiences, xv; in Pensacola, xviii-xix; of McGillivray, 52. See also Colic; Headache; Health; Rattlesnake bite; Rheumatism; Yellow fever. Indians: escort Pope, xix; Pope travels in territory, xix- xxii, 45-69; Pope records folk tradition among, xxii; Pope's fear of attack by, 22; and mosquitoes, 35; and alligators, 42; boundary, 46; ball match, 49-51; festival (busk), 55-56; assist Pope, 68-69; use of medicinal plants, 94, 95, 96, 97, 98; mentioned, 92-93. See also Germantown, Pa., 77 God: Creek word for, 54 Grand Gulph, 29 Grand-Pr6, Carlos de: Pope dines with, xvii, 31; men- tioned, x Gray, David, 11 Greasy Bend. See Neuvo Madrid; New Madrid Greene, Gen. Nathaniel, 77 Great Britain, 21, 72 Griffin, "Messieur": assists Pope, 99 Gulf Coast: health on, xviii Gulf of Mexico, 35 Gulf Stream, 99 Guthrie's Grammar: quoted, 92-93 Habersham, Col. Joseph: Pope talks with, xxii, 79; men- tioned, x Havana, Cuba, xxi Headache: McGillivray's, 48 Health: in Pensacola, 44 Hemp, 6, 47 Henry, Patrick: and Virginia Yazoo Company, xiv, xxix, note 10 Hickory trees, 46 Higbee, "Messieur": assists Pope, 99 Hobdy, John: invents machine, 6 Hogs, 49 Horses: Pope observes, 36; mentioned, 49 Hospital: in New Orleans, 39, 40 Howard, Mr.: buys cemetery, 41 Hudibras: quoted, xiii, 17 Hunter, Moses, 11 Illness: Pope experiences, xv; in Pensacola, xviii-xix; of McGillivray, 52. See also Colic; Headache; Health; Rattlesnake bite; Rheumatism; Yellow fever. Indians: escort Pope, xix; Pope travels in territory, xix- xxii, 45-69; Pope records folk tradition among, xxii; Pope's fear of attack by, 22; and mosquitoes, 35; and alligators, 42; boundary, 46; ball match, 49-51; festival (busk), 55-56; assist Pope, 68-69; use of medicinal plants, 94, 95, 96, 97, 98; mentioned, 92-93. See also Germantown, Pa., 77 God: Creek word for, 54 Grand Gulph, 29 Grand-Pr6, Carlos de: Pope dines with, xvii, 31; men- tioned, x Gray, David, 11 Greasy Bend. See Neuvo Madrid; New Madrid Greene, Gen. Nathaniel, 77 Great Britain, 21, 72 Griffin, "Messieur": assists Pope, 99 Gulf Coast: health on, xviii Gulf of Mexico, 35 Gulf Stream, 99 Guthrie's Grammar: quoted, 92-93 Habersham, Col. Joseph: Pope talks with, xxii, 79; men- tioned, x Havana, Cuba, xxi Headache: McGillivray's, 48 Health: in Pensacola, 44 Hemp, 6, 47 Henry, Patrick: and Virginia Yazoo Company, xiv, xxix, note 10 Hickory trees, 46 Higbee, "Messieur": assists Pope, 99 Hobdy, John: invents machine, 6 Hogs, 49 Horses: Pope observes, 36; mentioned, 49 Hospital: in New Orleans, 39, 40 Howard, Mr.: buys cemetery, 41 Hudibras: quoted, xiii, 17 Hunter, Moses, 11 Illness: Pope experiences, xv; in Pensacola, xviii-xix; of McGillivray, 52. See also Colic; Headache; Health; Rattlesnake bite; Rheumatism; Yellow fever. Indians: escort Pope, xix; Pope travels in territory, xix- xxii, 45-69; Pope records folk tradition among, xxii; Pope's fear of attack by, 22; and mosquitoes, 35; and alligators, 42; boundary, 46; ball match, 49-51; festival (busk), 55-56; assist Pope, 68-69; use of medicinal plants, 94, 95, 96, 97, 98; mentioned, 92-93. See also  Cherokee Indians; Chickasaw Indians; Choctaw Indians; Creek Indians; Ozark Indians; Seminole Indians Indigo: Pope observes fields of, 77; in Floridas, 93; men- tioned, 33 Irish, 25, 26 Iron ore: in Floridas, 93 Jamaica, 93 Jamestown, Battle of: Pope at, xi Jesuits, 38 Jesuits Bark, 95 Judas Iscariot, 38 Juniper: cataloged, 97 Kearns, Capt., 92 Kentuckv: Pope in, 18-21; mentioned, 5, 11, 17, 25, 38, 75, 95. See also Bourbon Township; Danville; Lexington Township; Limestone; Louisville; Washington Town- ship "Kentucky Boat," 13 Knox, Secretary of War Henry: Pope visits, xiv, xxiv; poem for, 103; mentioned, x, xxx, note 20 Lafayette, Marquis de: Pope serves under, xii Langue la Graisse. See Neuvo Madrid Lapis lazuli: in Floridas, 93 Las Casas, Luis de: on Pope's "intrigue," xxi Laurel Hill: Pope at, 12 Laurence, "Messieur": assists Pope, 99 Lee, Gen. Charles, 11 Lemon trees, 93 Lexington Township, Ky.: Pope passes through, 18 Limestone, Ky.: Pope passes through, xvi, 18 Little Tallassee, 51 Live Oak. See Oak trees Lobelia: cataloged, 97 Loftus' Bluffs: Pope observes, xvii, 34-35 London, England, 29, 45 Long Reach: Pope at, 35 Lord's Prayer: Pope attempts to teach, 71-72, 73 Louisiana: Pope in, 21-42; mentioned, 5. See also New Or- leans Cherokee Indians; Chickasaw Indians; Choctaw Indians; Creek Indians; Ozark Indians; Seminole Indians Indigo: Pope observes fields of, 77; in Floridas, 93; men- tioned, 33 Irish, 25, 26 Iron ore: in Floridas, 93 Jamaica, 93 Jamestown, Battle of: Pope at, xi Jesuits, 38 Jesuits Bark, 95 Judas Iscariot, 38 Juniper: cataloged, 97 Kearns, Capt., 92 Kentuckv: Pope in, 18-21; mentioned, 5, 11, 17, 25, 38, 75, 95. See also Bourbon Township; Danville; Lexington Township; Limestone; Louisville; Washington Town- ship "Kentucky Boat," 13 Knox, Secretary of War Henry: Pope visits, xiv, xxiv; poem for, 103; mentioned, x, xxx, note 20 Lafayette, Marquis de: Pope serves under, xii Langue Ia Graisse. See Neuvo Madrid Lapis lazuli: in Floridas, 93 Las Casas, Luis de: on Pope's "intrigue," xxi Laurel Hill: Pope at, 12 Laurence, "Messieur": assists Pope, 99 Lee, Gen. Charles, 11 Lemon trees, 93 Lexington Township, Ky.: Pope passes through, 18 Limestone, Ky.: Pope passes through, xvi, 18 Little Tallassee, 51 Live Oak. See Oak trees Lobelia: cataloged, 97 Loftus' Bluffs: Pope observes, xvii, 34-35 London, England, 29, 45 Long Reach: Pope at, 35 Lord's Prayer: Pope attempts to teach, 71-72, 73 Louisiana: Pope in, 21-42; mentioned, 5. See also New Or- leans Cherokee Indians; Chickasaw Indians; Choctaw Indians; Creek Indians; Ozark Indians; Seminole Indians Indigo: Pope observes fields of, 77; in Floridas, 93; men- tioned, 33 Irish, 25, 26 Iron ore: in Floridas, 93 Jamaica, 93 Jamestown, Battle of: Pope at, xi Jesuits, 38 Jesuits Bark, 95 Judas Iscariot, 38 Juniper: cataloged, 97 Kearns, Capt., 92 Kentuckv: Pope in, 18-21; mentioned, 5, 11, 17, 25, 38, 75, 95. See also Bourbon Township; Danville; Lexington Township; Limestone; Louisville; Washington Town- ship "Kentucky Boat," 13 Knox, Secretary of War Henry: Pope visits, xiv, xxiv; poem for, 103; mentioned, x, xxx, note 20 Lafayette, Marquis de: Pope serves under, xii Langue la Graisse. See Neuvo Madrid Lapis lazuli: in Floridas, 93 Las Casas, Luis de: on Pope's "intrigue," xxi Laurel Hill: Pope at, 12 Laurence, "Messieur": assists Pope, 99 Lee, Gen. Charles, 11 Lemon trees, 93 Lexington Township, Ky.: Pope passes through, 18 Limestone, Ky.: Pope passes through, xvi, 18 Little Tallassee, 51 Live Oak. See Oak trees Lobelia: cataloged, 97 Loftus' Bluffs: Pope observes, xvii, 34-35 London, England, 29, 45 Long Reach: Pope at, 35 Lord's Prayer: Pope attempts to teach, 71-72, 73 Louisiana: Pope in, 21-42; mentioned, 5. See also New Or- leans  Louisville, Ky.: Pope visits, xvi, 19-21; mentioned, 22 Loyalists: in Georgia, 76; mentioned, 67 Lumber, 34 Lynch's Ferry, Battle at: Pope at, xi M'Crady's Hotel (Charleston): Pope rooms at, xxiii, 82-83 McGillivray, Alexander: Pope visits, xix-xxii, 46-52; on Pope's letter to Wilcox, xx; mentioned, x, xxx, note 20, 5, 65 McGillivray, Alexander (son of the Creek chief), 49 McGillivray, Elizabeth, 49 McIntosh, Gen. Lachlan: Pope visits, xxii, 79-81 Mahogany: in Floridas, 93 Manchester, Va.: Pope resides at, xii, xiii; mentioned, 51, 52 Manhattan Island, 99 Martin, Lieut.: Pope visits, 69-70 Martinsburg, Va.: Pope visits, xv, 11 Maryland, 13. See also Baltimore Medicinal plants: cataloged, 94-98 Methodism, 38 Mexicans, 93 Milton, John: Pope's use of, xiii; quoted, 93-94 Mir6, Estevan: McGillivray writes, xx, xxi; on Pope's "intrigue,' xxi; receives instructions concerning Pope, xxi; mentioned, 37 Mississippi River: Pope travels down, xvi, xvii, 21-36; Spanish posts on, xx; at New Orleans, 36-37; mentioned, 41 Mobile, Ala.: prisoners in, 43; Pope on, 46-47; mentioned, 42, 45, 71 Mobile Bay, 46 Mobile River, 46 Monastery, 39 Monongahela River: Pope travels, xv, 12-13; mentioned, 10 M--e, Col.: Pope visits, 75-76 Morgan, Gen. Daniel: Pope visits, xv, 10; mentioned, x Mosquitoes: Pope complains about, xvii, 35 Murphy, Patrick: punished by Creeks, 57 Muscovite ducks, 23 Music: among Creeks, 62 Mutton, 43 Louisville, Ky.: Pope visits, xvi, 19-21; mentioned, 22 Loyalists: in Georgia, 76; mentioned, 67 Lumber, 34 Lynch's Ferry, Battle at: Pope at, xi M'Crady's Hotel (Charleston): Pope rooms at, xxiii, 82-83 McGillivray, Alexander: Pope visits, xix-xxii, 46-52; on Pope's letter to Wilcox, xx; mentioned, x, xxx, note 20, 5, 65 McGillivray, Alexander (son of the Creek chief), 49 McGillivray, Elizabeth, 49 McIntosh, Gen. Lachlan: Pope visits, xxii, 79-81 Mahogany: in Floridas, 93 Manchester, Va.: Pope resides at, xii, xiii; mentioned, 51, 52 Manhattan Island, 99 Martin, Lieut.: Pope visits, 69-70 Martinsburg, Va.: Pope visits, xv, 11 Maryland, 13. See also Baltimore Medicinal plants: cataloged, 94-98 Methodism, 38 Mexicans, 93 Milton, John: Pope's use of, xiii; quoted, 93-94 Mir6, Estevan: McGillivray writes, xx, xxi; on Pope's "intrigue," xxi; receives instructions concerning Pope, xxi; mentioned, 37 Mississippi River: Pope travels down, xvi, xvii, 21-36; Spanish posts on, xx; at New Orleans, 36-37; mentioned, 41 Mobile, Ala.: prisoners in, 43; Pope on, 46-47; mentioned, 42, 45, 71 Mobile Bay, 46 Mobile River, 46 Monastery, 39 Monongahela River: Pope travels, xv, 12-13; mentioned, 10 M--e, Col.: Pope visits, 75-76 Morgan, Gen. Daniel: Pope visits, xv, 10; mentioned, x Mosquitoes: Pope complains about, xvii, 35 Murphy, Patrick: punished by Creeks, 57 Muscovite ducks, 23 Music: among Creeks, 62 Mutton, 43 Louisville, Ky.: Pope visits, xvi, 19-21; mentioned, 22 Loyalists: in Georgia, 76; mentioned, 67 Lumber, 34 Lynch's Ferry, Battle at: Pope at, xi M'Crady's Hotel (Charleston): Pope rooms at, xxiii, 82-83 McGillivray, Alexander: Pope visits, xix-xxii, 46-52; on Pope's letter to Wilcox, xx; mentioned, x, xxx, note 20, 5, 65 McGillivray, Alexander (son of the Creek chief), 49 McGillivray, Elizabeth, 49 McIntosh, Gen. Lachlan: Pope visits, xxii, 79-81 Mahogany: in Floridas, 93 Manchester, Va.: Pope resides at, xii, xiii; mentioned, 51, 52 Manhattan Island, 99 Martin, Lieut.: Pope visits, 69-70 Martinsburg, Va.: Pope visits, xv, 11 Maryland, 13. See also Baltimore Medicinal plants: cataloged, 94-98 Methodism, 38 Mexicans, 93 Milton, John: Pope's use of, xiii; quoted, 93-94 Mir6, Estevan: McGillivray writes, xx, xxi; on Pope's "intrigue," xxi; receives instructions concerning Pope, xxi; mentioned, 37 Mississippi River: Pope travels down, xvi, xvii, 21-36; Spanish posts on, xx; at New Orleans, 36-37; mentioned, 41 Mobile, Ala.: prisoners in, 43; Pope on, 46-47; mentioned, 42, 45, 71 Mobile Bay, 46 Mobile River, 46 Monastery, 39 Monongahela River: Pope travels, xv, 12-13; mentioned, 10 M--e, Col.: Pope visits, 75-76 Morgan, Gen. Daniel: Pope visits, xv, 10; mentioned, x Mosquitoes: Pope complains about, xvii, 35 Murphy, Patrick: punished by Creeks, 57 Muscovite ducks, 23 Music: among Creeks, 62 Mutton, 43  Princeton, N.J.: Pope passes through, xxiv, 100 Prisoners: described, 42-43 Protestants: cemetery for, 41 Purisburg, Ga.: Pope passes by, xxii, 77 Quakers: Pope on, 101-2 Quevedo y Villegas, Francisco Gomez de: quoted, 18 Quicksilver: in Floridas, 93 Randolph, Attorney General Edmund: poem dedicated to, xxv, 103-4 Rapidan River: Pope crosses, 5 Rattlesnake: cure for bite, 95, 97-98; bites Pope, 100 Rattlesnake root: Pope on, 97-98 Red River: Pope observes, 35 Redstone: Pope arrives at, xv, 12; mentioned, 13 Revolution, American. See American Revolution Rheumatism: Pope "contracts," 5; recurs, 14; mentioned, xv Rice: Pope observes fields of, 77; in Floridas, 93; men- tioned, 33, 60 Richmond, Va., ix, x, xii, xiii, xiv, xv, xxv, 5, 51, 52 Richmond County, Va., xii Robertson, Capt. Andrew: Pope describes, 83-84; duel, 86; owns Exchange, 88; and Pope explore East Florida, 91-92 Rockfish Gap, Battle at: Pope at, xi Rome, Italy, 104 Roosevelt, Theodore: quoted, xiii Ross, Captain: Pope sails on his ship, 81; mentioned, xxx, note 21 Ross, David: and Virginia Yazoo Company, xiv Rudolph, Capt.: Pope visits, 69-70 Rum: and Indians, 46 Rutherford, Robert: Pope meets, 11 St. Augustine: Pope approaches, xxiv; Turvin flees to, 67; mentioned, 91 St. Francis River, 26 St. John, Bayou. See Bayou St. John St. John's River: Pope travels, xxiii, 89-90 Princeton, N.J.: Pope passes through, xxiv, 100 Prisoners: described, 42-43 Protestants: cemetery for, 41 Purisburg, Ga.: Pope passes by, xxii, 77 Quakers: Pope on, 101-2 Quevedo y Villegas, Francisco Gomez de: quoted, 18 Quicksilver: in Floridas, 93 Randolph, Attorney General Edmund: poem dedicated to, xxv, 103-4 Rapidan River: Pope crosses, 5 Rattlesnake: cure for bite, 95, 97-98; bites Pope, 100 Rattlesnake root: Pope on, 97-98 Red River: Pope observes, 35 Redstone: Pope arrives at, xv, 12; mentioned, 13 Revolution, American. See American Revolution Rheumatism: Pope "contracts," 5; recurs, 14; mentioned, xv Rice: Pope observes fields of, 77; in Floridas, 93; men- tioned, 33, 60 Richmond, Va., ix, x, xii, xiii, xiv, xv, xxv, 5, 51, 52 Richmond County, Va., xii Robertson, Capt. Andrew: Pope describes, 83-84; duel, 86; owns Exchange, 88; and Pope explore East Florida, 91-92 Rockfish Gap, Battle at: Pope at, xi Rome, Italy, 104 Roosevelt, Theodore: quoted, xiii Ross, Captain: Pope sails on his ship, 81; mentioned, xxx, note 21 Ross, David: and Virginia Yazoo Company, xiv Rudolph, Capt.: Pope visits, 69-70 Rum: and Indians, 46 Rutherford, Robert: Pope meets, 11 St. Augustine: Pope approaches, xxiv; Turvin flees to, 67; mentioned, 91 St. Francis River, 26 St. John, Bayou. See Bayou St. John St. John's River: Pope travels, xxiii, 89-90 Princeton, N.J.: Pope passes through, xxiv, 100 Prisoners: described, 42-43 Protestants: cemetery for, 41 Purisburg, Ga.: Pope passes by, xxii, 77 Quakers: Pope on, 101-2 Quevedo y Villegas, Francisco Gomez de: quoted, 18 Quicksilver: in Floridas, 93 Randolph, Attorney General Edmund: poem dedicated to, xxv, 103-4 Rapidan River: Pope crosses, 5 Rattlesnake: cure for bite, 95, 97-98; bites Pope, 100 Rattlesnake root: Pope on, 97-98 Red River: Pope observes, 35 Redstone: Pope arrives at, xv, 12; mentioned, 13 Revolution, American. See American Revolution Rheumatism: Pope "contracts," 5; recurs, 14; mentioned, xv Rice: Pope observes fields of, 77; in Floridas, 93; men- tioned, 33, 60 Richmond, Va., ix, x, xii, xiii, xiv, xv, xxv, 5, 51, 52 Richmond County, Va., xii Robertson, Capt. Andrew: Pope describes, 83-84; duel, 86; owns Exchange, 88; and Pope explore East Florida, 91-92 Rockfish Gap, Battle at: Pope at, xi Rome, Italy, 104 Roosevelt, Theodore: quoted, xiii Ross, Captain: Pope sails on his ship, 81; mentioned, xxx, note 21 Ross, David: and Virginia Yazoo Company, xiv Rudolph, Capt.: Pope visits, 69-70 Rum: and Indians, 46 Rutherford, Robert: Pope meets, 11 St. Augustine: Pope approaches, xxiv; Turvin flees to, 67; mentioned, 91 St. Francis River, 26 St. John, Bayou. See Bayou St. John St. John's River: Pope travels, xxiii, 89-90  St. Marks, 45, 66, 67, 71 St. Mary's: Pope's trip to, xxiii-xxiv, 88-94, 99; mentioned, xxx, note 22, 52 St. Mary's River: Pope travels to, 88-94; mentioned, 68, 81, 100 St. Patrick, 25 Salt, 26, 44 Sassafras: cataloged, 96 Savannah, Ga.: Pope visits, xxii, 78-81; mentioned, 75, 77, 83 Savannah River: Pope travels down, xxii, 74-79; bridge over, 74 Scotland, 51, 79 Scott, Gen., 19 Seminole Indians: knowledge of botany, 98; mentioned, 53 Senetahawgo: harangues Indians, 60-62 Serpentaria: cataloged, 97-98 Shenandoah River: navigation of, 7 Shepherd, Col.: accompanies Pope, 12 Shepherd's Town, Va.: Pope visits, xv, 11 Sickness. See Illness Slaves. See Negroes Smellfungus, 21 Smelt & Williamson, Messrs., 74 Smoke-House (boat): Pope travels on, 23 South Carolina: Pope in, 81-88. See also Carolinas; Charles- ton Spanish: turn Pope back on St. John's River, xxiii-xxiv, 89-90; described, 31-33; religion of, 38; prisoners, 42-43; in West Florida, 43-45 Spanish king, 28, 41 Spanish soldier: Pope on, xviu Stafford County, Va., 29 Staten Island, N.Y., 84 Stephen, Gen. Adam: Pope visits, xv, 11; mentioned, x Sterne, Mr., 20-21 Sumac: use by Creeks, 63; cataloged, 96 Swaine, Capt., 27 Swans, 92 Sweetman, Capt.: duel, 86 Swinburne, Mr.: quoted, 31-33 St. Marks, 45, 66, 67, 71 St. Mary's: Pope's trip to, xxiii-xxiv, 88-94, 99; mentioned, xxx, note 22, 52 St. Mary's River: Pope travels to, 88-94; mentioned, 68, 81, 100 St. Patrick, 25 Salt, 26, 44 Sassafras: cataloged, 96 Savannah, Ga.: Pope visits, xxii, 78-81; mentioned, 75, 77, 83 Savannah River: Pope travels down, xxii, 74-79; bridge over, 74 Scotland, 51, 79 Scott, Gen., 19 Seminole Indians: knowledge of botany, 98; mentioned, 53 Senetahawgo: harangues Indians, 60-62 Serpentaria: cataloged, 97-98 Shenandoah River: navigation of, 7 Shepherd, Col.: accompanies Pope, 12 Shepherd's Town, Va.: Pope visits, xv, 11 Sickness. See Illness Slaves. See Negroes Smellfungus, 21 Smelt & Williamson, Messrs., 74 Smoke-House (boat): Pope travels on, 23 South Carolina: Pope in, 81-88. See also Carolinas; Charles- ton Spanish: turn Pope back on St. John's River, xxiii-xxiv, 89-90; described, 31-33; religion of, 38; prisoners, 42-43; in West Florida, 43-45 Spanish king, 28, 41 Spanish soldier: Pope on, xviii Stafford County, Va., 29 Staten Island, N.Y., 84 Stephen, Gen. Adam: Pope visits, xv, 11; mentioned, x Sterne, Mr., 20-21 Sumac: use by Creeks, 63; cataloged, 96 Swaine, Capt., 27 Swans, 92 Sweetman, Capt.: duel, 86 Swinburne, Mr.: quoted, 31-33 St. Marks, 45, 66, 67, 71 St. Mary's: Pope's trip to, xxiii-xxiv, 88-94, 99; mentioned, xxx, note 22, 52 St. Mary's River: Pope travels to, 88-94; mentioned, 68, 81, 100 St. Patrick, 25 Salt, 26, 44 Sassafras: cataloged, 96 Savannah, Ga.: Pope visits, xxii, 78-81; mentioned, 75, 77, 83 Savannah River: Pope travels down, xxii, 74-79; bridge over, 74 Scotland, 51, 79 Scott, Gen., 19 Seminole Indians: knowledge of botany, 98; mentioned, 53 Senetahawgo: harangues Indians, 60-62 Serpentaria: cataloged, 97-98 Shenandoah River: navigation of, 7 Shepherd, Col.: accompanies Pope, 12 Shepherd's Town, Va.: Pope visits, xv, 11 Sickness. See Illness Slaves. See Negroes Smellfungus, 21 Smelt & Williamson, Messrs., 74 Smoke-House (boat): Pope travels on, 23 South Carolina: Pope in, 81-88. See also Carolinas; Charles- ton Spanish: turn Pope back on St. John's River, xxiii-xxiv, 89-90; described, 31-33; religion of, 38; prisoners, 42-43; in West Florida, 43-45 Spanish king, 28, 41 Spanish soldier: Pope on, xviii Stafford County, Va., 29 Staten Island, N.Y., 84 Stephen, Gen. Adam: Pope visits, xv, 11; mentioned, x Sterne, Mr., 20-21 Sumac: use by Creeks, 63; cataloged, 96 Swaine, Capt., 27 Swans, 92 Sweetman, Capt.: duel, 86 Swinburne, Mr.: quoted, 31-33  Tallapoosa River, 46 Tarantula, 62 Tarleton, Banastre, 10 Tattooing: among Creeks, 60 Taverns: at Pensacola, 43; mentioned, 92 Telfair, Governor Edward: Pope visits, xxii; mentioned, x Telfair, William: misnamed by Pope, xxii; Pope visits, 74 Temple, Sir William: on use of elder, 96 Tennessee River, xiv Thieves: Pope's problem with, xv, 9-10 Thomas, schooner: Pope takes passage on, xxii, xxx, note 21 Thornton, Col. John: nurses Pope to health, 6 Thornton, William: invents water mill, 6 Thruston, Col. G. M.: Pope visits, 7, 8 Tobacco: planting among Creeks, 63; mentioned, 23, 26, 27, 33-34, 47, 74-75, 96 Toledo, Archbishop of: grants divorce dispensation, 39-40 Tombigbee River, 46 Tories. See Loyalists Trenton, N.J.: Pope passes through, xxiv, 100 Tully, 104 Turtle eggs, 69 Turvin, John: accompanies Pope, 67-73 United States: citizens of, 28, 35; southern boundary, 81 University of Virginia, x Valerian: cataloged, 98 Venereal disease: cure for, 96, 97 Venison, 25, 44 Verulam, Lord, 20-21 Violin: among Creeks, 62 Virginia: Pope passes through, 5-12; soil in, 73; mentioned, iv, 18, 25, 29, 30, 99. See also Amelia County; Amherst County; Berkeley County; Chesterfield County; Cul- pepper County; Frederick County; Fredericksburg; Manchester; Martinsburg; Richmond; Richmond Coun- ty; Shepherd's Town; Stafford County; Williamsburg; Winchester Virginia, Assembly of: votes premium for John Hobdy, 6 Virginia, state of: authorizes Pope to attack Spanish, xx Tallapoosa River, 46 Tarantula, 62 Tarleton, Banastre, 10 Tattooing: among Creeks, 60 Taverns: at Pensacola, 43; mentioned, 92 Telfair, Governor Edward: Pope visits, xxii; mentioned, x Telfair, William: misnamed by Pope, xxii; Pope visits, 74 Temple, Sir William: on use of elder, 96 Tennessee River, xiv Thieves: Pope's problem with, xv, 9-10 Thomas, schooner: Pope takes passage on, xxii, xxx, note 21 Thornton, Col. John: nurses Pope to health, 6 Thornton, William: invents water mill, 6 Thruston, Col. G. M.: Pope visits, 7, 8 Tobacco: planting among Creeks, 63; mentioned, 23, 26, 27, 33-34, 47, 74-75, 96 Toledo, Archbishop of: grants divorce dispensation, 39-40 Tombigbee River, 46 Tories. See Loyalists Trenton, N.J.: Pope passes through, xxiv, 100 Tully, 104 Turtle eggs, 69 Turvin, John: accompanies Pope, 67-73 United States: citizens of, 28, 35; southern boundary, 81 University of Virginia, x Valerian: cataloged, 98 Venereal disease: cure for, 96, 97 Venison, 25, 44 Verulam, Lord, 20-21 Violin: among Creeks, 62 Virginia: Pope passes through, 5-12; soil in, 73; mentioned, iv, 18, 25, 29, 30, 99. See also Amelia County; Amherst County; Berkeley County; Chesterfield County; Cul- pepper County; Frederick County; Fredericksburg; Manchester; Martinsburg; Richmond; Richmond Coun- ty; Shepherd's Town; Stafford County; Williamsburg; Winchester Virginia, Assembly of: votes premium for John Hobdy, 6 Virginia, state of: authorizes Pope to attack Spanish, xx Tallapoosa River, 46 Tarantula, 62 Tarleton, Banastre, 10 Tattooing: among Creeks, 60 Taverns: at Pensacola, 43; mentioned, 92 Telfair, Governor Edward: Pope visits, xxii; mentioned, x Telfair, William: misnamed by Pope, xxii; Pope visits, 74 Temple, Sir William: on use of elder, 96 Tennessee River, xiv Thieves: Pope's problem with, xv, 9-10 Thomas, schooner: Pope takes passage on, xxii, xxx, note 21 Thornton, Col. John: nurses Pope to health, 6 Thornton, William: invents water mill, 6 Thruston, Col. G. M.: Pope visits, 7, 8 Tobacco: planting among Creeks, 63; mentioned, 23, 26, 27, 33-34, 47, 74-75, 96 Toledo, Archbishop of: grants divorce dispensation, 39-40 Tombigbee River, 46 Tories. See Loyalists Trenton, N.J.: Pope passes through, xxiv, 100 Tully, 104 Turtle eggs, 69 Turvin, John: accompanies Pope, 67-73 United States: citizens of, 28, 35; southern boundary, 81 University of Virginia, x Valerian: cataloged, 98 Venereal disease: cure for, 96, 97 Venison, 25, 44 Verulam, Lord, 20-21 Violin: among Creeks, 62 Virginia: Pope passes through, 5-12; soil in, 73; mentioned, iv, 18, 25, 29, 30, 99. See also Amelia County; Amherst County; Berkeley County; Chesterfield County; Cul- pepper County; Frederick County; Fredericksburg; Manchester; Martinsburg; Richmond; Richmond Coun- ty; Shepherd's Town; Stafford County; Williamsburg; Winchester Virginia, Assembly of: votes premium for John Hobdy, 6 Virginia, state of: authorizes Pope to attack Spanish, xx  Virginia Gazette and Public Advertiser, Richmond, xxv Virginia Gazette & Richmond Daily Advertiser: carries notice of Tour publication, xxv Virginia Senate, 11 Virginia Yazoo Company: Pope as agent of, xiv, xxix, note 10 Voltaire, Frangois Marie Arouet de: Pope's use of, xiii, 101 Walnut, white: cataloged, 94; mentioned, 46 Walnut Hills: as Gayoso's destination, xvii; Pope observes, 28; mentioned, 29 Washington, Charles: Pope visits, xv, 11; mentioned, x Washington, George: visits Charleston, xxiii, 83; and Mc- Gillivray, 51; mentioned, 12, 61 Washington, Col. William: Pope visits, xxiii, 84-85 Washington, Ga.: Pope visits, xxii, 71 Washington County, Pa., 14 Washington Township, Ky.: Pope passes through, 18 Water moccasin, 100 Wayne, Gen. Anthony: in American Revolution, 41; Pope has message for, 42; mentioned, 75 Welch, 25 Welch, John: steals Pope's horse, 9-10 West Florida: Pope in, 43-45; mentioned, 5, 92 West Indies, 49 Wheat, 6 White, Col.: Pope visits, 99 Wilcox, Tairux: Pope writes, xx; mentioned, xxi Wilkinson, Gen. James, 19, 27 Williamsburg, xxv Wilson, Rev. Mr.: Pope visits, 84-85 Winchester, Va.: Pope visits, xv, 9-10; mentioned, 7 Wine: and Indians, 46 Wolfe, Mr.: Brackenridge visits, 14-15 Wolfe, Sabina: marriage to Brackenridge, xvi, 14-17 Woodward, Charles L.: reprinted Pope's Tour, xxvi Yazoo Company: and O'Fallon, 29 Yazoo River, xvii, 28 Yellow fever: on Gulf Coast, xviii Yorktown, Battle of: Pope at, xii Zane, Col. Isaac: Pope visits, 7-8; mentioned, x Virginia Gazette and Public Advertiser, Richmond, xxv Virginia Gazette & Richmond Daily Advertiser: carries notice of Tour publication, xxv Virginia Senate, 11 Virginia Yazoo Company: Pope as agent of, xiv, xxix, note 10 Voltaire, Frangois Marie Arouet de: Pope's use of, xiii, 101 Walnut, white: cataloged, 94; mentioned, 46 Walnut Hills: as Gayoso's destination, xvii; Pope observes, 28; mentioned, 29 Washington, Charles: Pope visits, xv, 11; mentioned, x Washington, George: visits Charleston, xxiii, 83; and Mc- Gillivray, 51; mentioned, 12, 61 Washington, Col. William: Pope visits, xxiii, 84-85 Washington, Ga.: Pope visits, xxii, 71 Washington County, Pa., 14 Washington Township, Ky.: Pope passes through, 18 Water moccasin, 100 Wayne, Gen. Anthony: in American Revolution, 41; Pope has message for, 42; mentioned, 75 Welch, 25 Welch, John: steals Pope's horse, 9-10 West Florida: Pope in, 43-45; mentioned, 5, 92 West Indies, 49 Wheat, 6 White, Col.: Pope visits, 99 Wilcox, Tairux: Pope writes, xx; mentioned, xxi Wilkinson, Gen. James, 19, 27 Williamsburg, xxv Wilson, Rev. Mr.: Pope visits, 84-85 Winchester, Va.: Pope visits, xv, 9-10; mentioned, 7 Wine: and Indians, 46 Wolfe, Mr.: Brackenridge visits, 14-15 Wolfe, Sabina: marriage to Brackenridge, xvi, 14-17 Woodward, Charles L.: reprinted Pope's Tour, xxvi Yazoo Company: and O'Fallon, 29 Yazoo River, xvii, 28 Yellow fever: on Gulf Coast, xviii Yorktown, Battle of: Pope at, xii Zane, Col. Isaac: Pope visits, 7-8; mentioned, x Virginia Gazette and Public Advertiser, Richmond, xxv Virginia Gazette & Richmond Daily Advertiser: carries notice of Tour publication, xxv Virginia Senate, 11 Virginia Yazoo Company: Pope as agent of, xiv, xxix, note 10 Voltaire, Franeois Marie Arouet de: Pope's use of, xiii, 101 Walnut, white: cataloged, 94; mentioned, 46 Walnut Hills: as Gayoso's destination, xvii; Pope observes, 28; mentioned, 29 Washington, Charles: Pope visits, xv, 11; mentioned, x Washington, George: visits Charleston, xxiii, 83; and Mc- Gillivray, 51; mentioned, 12, 61 Washington, Col. William: Pope visits, xxiii, 84-85 Washington, Ga.: Pope visits, xxii, 71 Washington County, Pa., 14 Washington Township, Ky.: Pope passes through, 18 Water moccasin, 100 Wayne, Gen. Anthony: in American Revolution, 41; Pope has message for, 42; mentioned, 75 Welch, 25 Welch, John: steals Pope's horse, 9-10 West Florida: Pope in, 43-45; mentioned, 5, 92 West Indies, 49 Wheat, 6 White, Col.: Pope visits, 99 Wilcox, Tairux: Pope writes, xx; mentioned, xxi Wilkinson, Gen. James, 19, 27 Williamsburg, xxv Wilson, Rev. Mr.: Pope visits, 84-85 Winchester, Va.: Pope visits, xv, 9-10; mentioned, 7 Wine: and Indians, 46 Wolfe, Mr.: Brackenridge visits, 14-15 Wolfe, Sabina: marriage to Brackenridge, xvi, 14-17 Woodward, Charles L.: reprinted Pope's Tour, xxvi Yazoo Company: and O'Fallon, 29 Yazoo River, xvii, 28 Yellow fever: on Gulf Coast, xviii Yorktown, Battle of: Pope at, xii Zane, Col. Isaac: Pope visits, 7-8; mentioned, x