CARPETBAG RULE IN FLORIDA, CARPETBAG RULE IN FLORIDA. CARPETBAG RULE IN FLORIDA.  FARRIS BRYANT Governor of the State of Florida 1961- 1965 Carl Sandburg has said: "Books say Yes to life. Or they say No." The twelve volumes commemorating the Quadricentennial of Florida say Yes. They unfold a story so adventurous and thrilling, so colorful and dramatic, that it would pass for fiction were the events not solidly rooted in historical fact. Five varying cultures have shaped the character of Florida and endowed her with the pride and wisdom that come from full knowledge and abiding understanding. Let us enjoy with deepening gratitude Florida's magnetic natural endowments of sun and surf and sky. Let us also recognize in her unique cultural heritage the pattern of energy and dedication that will spur us to face the challenges of today and tomorrow with confidence. I am grateful for the privilege of sharing these volumes with you. FARRIS BRYANT Governor of the State of Florida 1961- 1965 Carl Sandburg has said: "Books say Yes to life. Or they say No." The twelve volumes commemorating the Quadricentennial of Florida say Yes. They unfold a story so adventurous and thrilling, so colorful and dramatic, that it would pass for fiction were the events not solidly rooted in historical fact. Five varying cultures have shaped the character of Florida and endowed her with the pride and wisdom that come from full knowledge and abiding understanding. Let us enjoy with deepening gratitude Florida's magnetic natural endowments of sun and surf and sky. Let us also recognize in her unique cultural heritage the pattern of energy and dedication that will spur us to face the challenges of today and tomorrow with confidence. I am grateful for the privilege of sharing these volumes with you. FARRIS BRYANT Governor of the State of Florida 1961-1965 Carl Sandburg has said: "Books say Yes to life. Or they say No." The twelve volumes commemorating the Quadricentennial of Florida say Yes. They unfold a story so adventurous and thrilling, so colorful and dramatic, that it would pass for fiction were the events not solidly rooted in historical fact. Five varying cultures have shaped the character of Florida and endowed her with the pride and wisdom that come from full knowledge and abiding understanding. Let us enjoy with deepening gratitude Florida's magnetic natural endowments of sun and surf and sky. Let us also recognize in her unique cultural heritage the pattern of energy and dedication that will spur us to face the challenges of today and tomorrow with confidence. I am grateful for the privilege of sharing these volumes with you.  THE INSIDE WORKINGS OF THE RECONSTRUCTION OF CIVIL GOVERNMENT -1 N FLORIDA AFTER THE CLOSE OF THE CIVIL WAR. BY JOHN WALLACE, A FACSIMILE REPRODUCTION of the 1888 EDITION INTRODUCTION &6 NOTES by ALLAN NEVINS QUADRICENTENNIAL EDITION of the FLORIDIANA FACSIMILE & REPRINT SERIES University of Florida Press GAINESVILLE. 1964 THE INSIDE WORKINGS OF THE RECONSTRUCTION OF CIVIL GOVERNMENT IN FLORIDA AFTER THE CLOSE OF THE CIVIL WAR. BY JOHN WALLACE, La"S te Senator from Leo Contv. A FACSIMILE REPRODUCTION of the 1888 EDITION with INTRODUCTION &-NOTES by ALLAN NEVINS QUADRICENTENNIAL EDITION of the FLORIDIANA FACSIMILE 6- REPRINT SERIES University of Florida Press GAINESVILLE. 1964 R THE INSIDE WORKING OF THE RECONSTRUCTION OF CIVIL GOVERN IN FLORIDA AFTER THE CLOSE OF THE CIVIL WAR. MENT By JOHN WALLACE, Late Senator from Leo Count A FACSIMILE REPRODUCTION of the 1888 EDITION with INTRODUCTION &NOTES by ALLAN NEVINS QUADRICENTENNIAL EDITION of the FLORIDIANA FACSIMILE 6- REPRINT SERIES University of Florida Press GAINESVILLE. 1964  QUADRICENTENNIAL EDITION of the FLORIDIANA FACSIMILE 6 REPRINT SERIES FACSIMILE REPRODUCTION of the 1888 EDITION WITH PREFATORY MATERIAL, INTRODUCTION NOTES & INDEX ADDED NEW MATERIAL COPYRIGHT @ 1964 BY THE BOARD OF COMMISSIONERS OF STATE INSTITUTIONS OF FLORIDA Library of Congress Catalog Card No. 64-19163 LITHOPRINTED BY DOUGAS PRINTING COMPANY, INC. BOUND BY UNIVERSAL-DIXIE BINDERY, INC. JACKSONV FLORIDA QUADRICENTENNIAL EDITION of the FLORIDIANA FACSIMILE &-REPRINT SERIES FACSIMILE REPRODUCTION of the 1888 EDITION WITH PREFATORY MATERIAL, INTRODUCTION NOTES & INDEX ADDED NEW MATERIAL COPYRIGHT @ 1964 BY THE BOARD OF COMMISSIONERS OF STATE INSTITUTIONS OF FLORIDA Library of Congress Catalog Card No. 64-19163 LITHOPRINTED BY DOUGLAS PRINTING COMPANY, INC. BOUND BY UNIVERSAL-DIXIE BINDERY, INC. JACKSON FLORIDA QUADRICENTENNIAL EDITION Of the, FLORIDIANA FACSIMILE & REPRINT SERIES FACSIMILE REPRODUCTION Of the 1888 EDITION WITH PREFATORY MATERIAL, INTRODUCTION NOTES & INDEX ADDED NEW MATERIAL COPYRIGHT @ 1964 BY THE BOARD OF COMMISSIONERS OF STATE INSTITUTIONS OF FLORIDA Library of Congres Catalog Card No. 64-19163 LITHOPRINTED BY DOUGLAS PRINTING COMPANY, INC. BOUND BY UNIVERSAL-DIXIE BINDERY, INC. JCSN FLORIDA  THE CABINET FARRIS BRYANT THYE BORO CONNRTROA D LE THE CABINET FARRIS BRYANT THE CABINET FARRIS BRYANT Tom ADAMS Secretary of State RAY E. GREEN State Comptroller DOYLE E. CONNER Commissioner of Agriculture JAMES W. KYNES Attorney General J. EDWIN LARSON State Treasurer THOMAS D. BAILEY Superintendent of Public Instruction To. ADAMS Secretary of State RAY E. GREEN Slate Comptroller DOYLE E. CONNER Commissioner of Agriculture JAMES W. KYNES Altorney General J. EDWIN LARSON State Treasurer THOMAS D. BAILEY Superintendent of Public Instruction THE BOARD OF CONTROL THE BOARD OF CONTROL St. Petersburgl Miam. GERT H. W. SCHMIDT Vice Chairman Jacksonville JOHN C. PACE Pensacola CHESTER E. WHITTLE Orlando J. B. CULPEPPER Executive Director, Tallahassee St. Ptersburtg GETt H. W. SCHTttt Vice hair St. Ptersburg Mim GERT H. W. SCHMIDT Vice Chairman Jacksonville JOHN C. PACE Pensacola CHESTER E, WHITTLE Orlando J. B. CULPEPPER Executive Director, Tallahassee  THE QUADRICENTENNIAL EDITION of the FLORIDIANA FACSIMILE & REPRINT SERIES CARPETBAG RULE IN FLORIDA by John Wallace. 1888. Edited by Allan Nevins. THE CIVIL WAR AND RECONSTRUCTION IN FLORIDA by Wil- liam Watson Davis. 1913. Edited by Fletcher M. Green. THE EXILES OF FLORIDA by Joshua R. Giddings. 1858. Edited by Arthur W. Thompson. FLORIDA FOR TOURISTS, INVALIDS, AND SETTLERS by George M. Barbour. 1882. Edited by Emmett B. Peter, Jr. HISTORICAL MEMOIR OF THE WAR IN WEST FLORIDA AND LOUISIANA IN 1814-15 by A. L. Latour. 1816. Edited by Jane Lucas de Grummond. HISTORY OF JACKSONVILLE, FLORIDA, AND VICINITY, 1513 to 1924 by T. Frederick Davis. 1925. Edited by Richard A. Martin. NOTICES OF FLORIDA AND THE CAMPAIGNS by M. M. Cohen. 1836. Edited by 0. Z. Tyler, Jr. THE ORIGIN, PROGRESS, AND CONCLUSION OF THE FLORIDA WAR by John T. Sprague. 1848. Edited by John K. Mahon. PEDRO MENENDEZ de AVILES by Gonzalo Solis de Meris. 1567. (The Florida State Historical Society edition, edited and translated by Jeannette Thurber Connor.) Edited by Lyle N. McAlister. THE PURCHASE OF FLORIDA by Hubert Bruce Fuller. 1906. Edited by Weymouth T. Jordan. SKETCHES, HISTORICAL AND TOPOGRAPHICAL, OF THE FLOR- IDAS by James Grant Forbes. 1821. Edited by James W. Covington. THE WHOLE & TRUE DISCOUERYE OF TERRA FLORIDA by Jen Ribaut. 1563. (The Florida State Historical Society edition, includ- ing a biography of Ribaut by Jeannette Thurber Connor.) Edited by David L. Dowd. THE QUADRICENTENNIAL EDITION of the FLORIDIANA FACSIMILE 6 REPRINT SERIES CARPETBAG RULE IN FLORIDA by John Wallace. 1888. Edited by Allan Nevins. THE CIVIL WAR AND RECONSTRUCTION IN FLORIDA by Wil- liam Watson Davis. 1913. Edited by Fletcher M. Green. THE EXILES OF FLORIDA by Joshua R. Giddings. 1858. Edited by Arthur W. Thompson. FLORIDA FOR TOURISTS, INVALIDS, AND SETTLERS by George M. Barbour. 1882. Edited by Emmett B. Peter, Jr. HISTORICAL MEMOIR OF THE WAR IN WEST FLORIDA AND LOUISIANA IN 1814-15 by A. L. Latour. 1816. Edited by Jane Lucas de Grummond HISTORY OF JACKSONVILLE, FLORIDA, AND VICINITY, 1513 to 1924 by T. Frederick Davis. 1925. Edited by Richard A. Martin. NOTICES OF FLORIDA AND THE CAMPAIGNS by M. M. Cohen. 1836. Edited by 0. Z. Tyler, Jr. THE ORIGIN, PROGRESS, AND CONCLUSION OF THE FLORIDA WAR by John T. Sprague. 1848. Edited by John K. Mahon. PEDRO MENENDEZ de AVILES by Gonzalo Solis de Mers. 1567. (The Florida State Historical Society edition, edited and translated by Jeannette Thurber Connor.) Edited by Lyle N. McAlister. THE PURCHASE OF FLORIDA by Hubert Bruce Fuller. 1906. Edited by Weymouth T. Jordan. SKETCHES, HISTORICAL AND TOPOGRAPHICAL, OF THE FLOR- IDAS by James Grant Forbes. 1821. Edited by James W. Covington. THE WHOLE B TRUE DISCOUERYE OF TERRA FLORIDA by jean Ribaut. 1563. (The Florida State Historical Society edition, includ- ing a biography of Ribaut by Jeannette Thurber Connor.) Edited by David L. Dowd. THE QUADRICENTENNIAL EDITION of the FLORIDIANA FACSIMILE & REPRINT SERIES CARPETBAG RULE IN FLORIDA by John Wallace. 1888. Edited by Allan Nevins. THE CIVIL WAR AND RECONSTRUCTION IN FLORIDA by Wil- liam Watson Davis. 1913. Edited by Fletcher M. Green. THE EXILES OF FLORIDA by Joshua R. Giddings. 1858. Edited by Arthur W. Thompson. FLORIDA FOR TOURISTS, INVALIDS, AND SETTLERS by George M. Barbour. 1882. Edited by Emmett B. Peter, Jr. HISTORICAL MEMOIR OF THE WAR IN WEST FLORIDA AND LOUISIANA IN 1814-15 by A. L. Latour. 1816. Edited by Jane Lucas de Grummond. HISTORY OF JACKSONVILLE, FLORIDA, AND VICINITY, 1513 to 1924 by T. Frederick Davis. 1925. Edited by Richard A. Martin. NOTICES OF FLORIDA AND THE CAMPAIGNS by M. M. Cohen. 1836. Edited by 0. Z. Tyler, Jr. THE ORIGIN, PROGRESS, AND CONCLUSION OF THE FLORIDA WAR by John T. Sprague. 1848. Edited by John K. Mahon. PEDRO MENENDEZ de AVILES by Gonzalo Solis de Mers. 1567. (The Florida State Historical Society edition, edited and translated by Jeannette Thurber Connor.) Edited by Lyle N. McAlister. THE PURCHASE OF FLORIDA by Hubert Bruce Fuller. 1906. Edited by Weymouth T. Jordan. SKETCHES, HISTORICAL AND TOPOGRAPHICAL, OF THE FLOR. IDAS by James Grant Forbes. 1821. Edited by James W. Covington. THE WHOLE & TRUE DISCOUERYE OF TERRA FLORIDA by Jean Ribaut. 1563. (The Florida State Historical Society edition, includ- ing a biography of Ribaut by Jeannette Thurber Connor.) Edited by David L. Dowd.  The Quadicenteennial Coat-of-Arms Surmcounted by the Crest tymbolizintg our Nationeal Emblem aced tunderlinted by tbe Scroll, the Shield - wcith the Towcer oef Spainc int the Heraldic quarter of bettor, followced by the Fleur-de-lis of Frantce, the Lione Ramtpat of Britain, aned the Mullets aced Saltier of the Contfederacy - depicts the four-huttdred-year cultural heritage of our Florida oj today. The Florida Queadricetttenneial Commceision acknoewledges its deepest gratitude to Chase D. Sheddan, dittinguiohed tcholar, aced A. Vernon Coale, noted Heraldic Artist, ftt their conceptione aced potrayat tf the offciat Florida Quadricenencniat Coat-of-Arcec. The Quadricentennial Coat-of-Acme Surmouceted by the Crett tymbolizieg our National Emblem aced ucederlined by the Scroll, the Shield - with the Tower of Spain in the Heraldic quarter of hoceor, followed by the Flour-de-lit of France, the Lion Rampaet of Britain, and the Mullets aced Saltier of the Confederacy - depicts the foue-hucedred-year cultural heritage of our Florida of today. The Florida Quadricentennial Commeistion ackneowledgeits deepest gratitude to Chate D, Sheddce, distieguished scholar, aced A. Vetntn Ctale, noted Hetaldic Attist, for their conception and portrayal of The offiial Florida Quadricentlennial Coat-of -Arnto. The Quadeicentecnial Coat-ol-Aeme Surmounted by the Creot oymbolizing our National Emblem and underlined by the Scroll, the Shield - with the Tower of Spain ine the Heraldic quarter of honor, followed by the Fleur-de-lis of France, the Lion Rampaet of Britain, aced the Mulleto and Saltier of the Confederacy - depicts the four-hundred-year cultural heritage of our Florida of today. The Florida Quadricecetennial Cocemittion acknowledges itt deepett gratitnde to Chate D. Sheddan, distingished tchola, and A. Vernon (tale, noted Heraldic Artist, for their coneceptione aced Portrayal of the offcial Florida Quadricentennial Coat-of-Arnt.  9 9-  FLORIDA'S QUADRICENTENNIAL LORIDA enjoys a unique position among the fifty states of the Union. Her city of St. Augustine antedates Jamestown, the second oldest Euro- pean settlement within the present boundaries of the United States, by forty-two years. But it was not until 1950 that Florida entered the select circle of the ten most populous states of the nation. Since 1950 she has passed Massachusetts in population and is challenging New Jersey for eighth place. Within the South only Texas with more than four and one-half times the area of Florida has a larger population. Neither number nor age is necessarily a distinction, but most Americans are impressed by the former and revere the latter. Floridians view the recent and rapid increase in their state's population as an indication of youthful vigor. In 1860 eleven states of the Union had a million or more inhabitants, a status symbol not at- tained by Florida until the mid-1920's. At the turn of the century Florida ranked thirty-third in a nation of forty- six commonwealths; today she is ninth in population among the fifty states. In contrast to the national increase of less than 20 per cent from 1950 to 1960, Florida's population increased by more than 78 per cent. The number of people living in the state in 1964 is more than twice that of 1950. While boasting of their state's recent surge, Floridians are also proud of their four-hundred-year-old origin. In 1957 the Florida Quadricentennial Commission was established. With the approval of its members local or- FLORIDA'S QUADRICENTENNIAL LORIDA enjoys a unique position among the fifty states of the Union. Her city of St. Augustine antedates Jamestown, the second oldest Euro- pean settlement within the present boundaries of the United States, by forty-two years. But it was not until 1950 that Florida entered the select circle of the ten most populous states of the nation. Since 1950 she has passed Massachusetts in population and is challenging New Jersey for eighth place. Within the South only Texas with more than four and one-half times the area of Florida has a larger population. Neither number nor age is necessarily a distinction, but most Americans are impressed by the former and revere the latter. Floridians view the recent and rapid increase in their state's population as an indication of youthful vigor. In 1860 eleven states of the Union had a million or more inhabitants, a status symbol not at- tained by Florida until the mid-1920's. At the turn of the century Florida ranked thirty-third in a nation of forty- six commonwealths; today she is ninth in population among the fifty states. In contrast to the national increase of less than 20 per cent from 1950 to 1960, Florida's population increased by more than 78 per cent. The number of people living in the state in 1964 is more than twice that of 1950. While boasting of their state's recent surge, Floridians are also proud of their four-hundred-year-old origin. In 1957 the Florida Quadricentennial Commission was established. With the approval of its members local or- FLORIDA'S QUADRICENTENNIAL LORIDA enjoys a unique position among the fifty states of the Union. Her city of St. Augustine antedates Jamestown, the second oldest Euro- pean settlement within the present boundaries of the United States, by forty-two years. But it was not until 1950 that Florida entered the select circle of the ten most populous states of the nation. Since 1950 she has passed Massachusetts in population and is challenging New Jersey for eighth place. Within the South only Texas with more than four and one-half times the area of Florida has a larger population. Neither number nor age is necessarily a distinction, but most Americans are impressed by the former and revere the latter. Floridians view the recent and rapid increase in their state's population as an indication of youthful vigor. In 1860 eleven states of the Union had a million or more inhabitants, a status symbol not at- tained by Florida until the mid-1920's. At the turn of the century Florida ranked thirty-third in a nation of forty- six commonwealths; today she is ninth in population among the fifty states. In contrast to the national increase of less than 20 per cent from 1950 to 1960, Florida's population increased by more than 78 per cent. The number of people living in the state in 1964 is more than twice that of 1950. While boasting of their state's recent surge, Floridians are also proud of their four-hundred-year-old origin. In 1957 the Florida Quadricentennial Commission was established. With the approval of its members local or-  viii Florida's Quadricentennial ganizations have celebrated the quadricentennials of several historic events. The attempt of Tristin de Luna to found a colony on the western tip of Santa Rosa Island in 1559 was observed in Pensacola by reconstructing the Spanish village settlement. In 1962 Jacksonville noted the Quadricentennial of Jean Ribault's explorations with a colorful drama. Even before this tribute to the French explorer, a museum was built near the spot where in 1564 another Frenchman, RenE de Laudonnibre, brought the first Protestant colonists to an area within the present- day United States. These and other quadricentennial celebrations will culminate in 1965 with state, national, and international observance of the founding of St. Augustine. There are many ways to celebrate quadricentennials- parades, speeches, pageants, the re-creation of villages and forts, and the restoration of buildings. Some of these are spectacular but fleeting; others, including the restoration of buildings, will remain for our descendants to see and feel. More enduring than any of these are ideas. For this reason the Governor, the Cabinet, and the Florida Quad- ricentennial Commission gave priority to the reprinting of rare and valuable books relating to Florida. These re- productions will endure. They will enable many Amer- cans to share in the state's past, and will provide source material f or the historian. Until recently few authors or publishers were inter- ested in Florida. Englishmen brought the first printing press to Florida in 1783 and from it came a newspaper and two books. But for a century and a half the books on Florida were rare and the number of copies printed was small. In cooperation with the University of Florida viii Florida's Quadricentennial ganizations have celebrated the quadricentennials of several historic events. The attempt of Tristin de Luna to found a colony on the western tip of Santa Rosa Island in 1559 was observed in Pensacola by reconstructing the Spanish village settlement. In 1962 Jacksonville noted the Quadricentennial of Jean Ribault's explorations with a colorful drama. Even before this tribute to the French explorer, a museum was built near the spot where in 1564 another Frenchman, Rens de Laudonnire, brought the first Protestant colonists to an area within the present- day United States. These and other quadricentennial celebrations will culminate in 1965 with state, national, and international observance of the founding of St. Augustine. There are many ways to celebrate quadricentennials- parades, speeches, pageants, the re-creation of villages and forts, and the restoration of buildings. Some of these are spectacular but fleeting; others, including the restoration of buildings, will remain f or our descendants to see and feel. More enduring than any of these are ideas. For this reason the Governor, the Cabinet, and the Florida Quad- ricentennial Commission gave priority to the reprinting of rare and valuable books relating to Florida. These re- productions will endure. They will enable many Ameri- cans to share in the state's past, and will provide source material for the historian. Until recently few authors or publishers were inter- ested in Florida. Englishmen brought the first printing press to Florida in 1783 and from it came a newspaper and two books. But for a century and a half the books on Florida were rare and the number of copies printed was small. In cooperation with the University of Florida viii Florida's Quadricentennial ganizations have celebrated the quadricentennials of several historic events. The attempt of Tristin de Luna to found a colony on the western tip of Santa Rosa Island in 1559 was observed in Pensacola by reconstructing the Spanish village settlement. In 1962 Jacksonville noted the Quadricentennial of Jean Ribault's explorations with a colorful drama. Even before this tribute to the French explorer, a museum was built near the spot where in 1564 another Frenchman, Rend de Laudonnibre, brought the first Protestant colonists to an area within the present- day United States. These and other quadricentennial celebrations will culminate in 1965 with state, national, and international observance of the founding of St. Augustine. There are many ways to celebrate quadricentennials- parades, speeches, pageants, the re-creation of villages and forts, and the restoration of buildings. Some of these are spectacular but fleeting; others, including the restoration of buildings, will remain for our descendants to see and feel. More enduring than any of these are ideas. For this reason the Governor, the Cabinet, and the Florida Quad- ricentennial Commission gave priority to the reprinting of rare and valuable books relating to Florida. These re- productions will endure. They will enable many Ameri- cans to share in the state's past, and will provide source material for the historian. Until recently few authors or publishers were inter- ested in Florida. Englishmen brought the first printing press to Florida in 1783 and from it came a newspaper and two books. But for a century and a half the books on Florida were rare and the number of copies printed was small. In cooperation with the University of Florida  Florida's Quadricentennial ix Florida's Quadricentennial ix Florida's Quadricentennial ix Press the Quadricentennial Commission is reprinting twelve rare or semi-rare books. The subject matter in these volumes covers a period of more than three hun- dred years of Florida's history-the French and Spanish settlements, the War of 1812, the purchase by the United States, the Seminole War, the Civil War and Reconstruc- tion, and the modern period. In addition to textual re- productions, these facsimile editions contain introduc- tions by businessmen, journalists, and professors. The Quadricentennial Commission hopes these twelve books will stimulate the production of other reprints and en- courage students to write original manuscripts which describe and interpret Florida's past. The Florida Quadricentennial Commission THE COMMISSION FRED H. KENT, Chairman-Jacksonville DOYLE E. CARLTON, SR.-Tampa WILSON CARRAWAY-Tallahassee JEAN ANN CONE-Tampa CLARENCE M. GAY-Orlando HAROLD W. GOFORTH-Ocala HERBERT GRAY-Tampa JOHN MARSHALL GREEN-Ocala KATHRYN ABBEY HANNA-Winter Park MALLORY HORNE-Tallahassee CHARLES H. OvERMAN-Pensacola JOHN D. PENNEKAMP-Miami JOHN FITE ROBERTSON-Sarasota GERT H. W. ScHMIDT-Jacksonville H. E. WOLFE-St. Augustine Press the Quadricentennial Commission is reprinting twelve rare or semi-rare books. The subject matter in these volumes covers a period of more than three hun- dred years of Florida's history-the French and Spanish settlements, the War of 1812, the purchase by the United States, the Seminole War, the Civil War and Reconstruc- tion, and the modern period. In addition to textual re- productions, these facsimile editions contain introduc- tions by businessmen, journalists, and professors. The Quadricentennial Commission hopes these twelve books will stimulate the production of other reprints and en- courage students to write original manuscripts which describe and interpret Florida's past. The Florida Quadricentennial Commission THE COMMISSION FRED H. KENT, Chairman-Jacksonville DOYLE E. CARLTON, SR.-Tampa WILSON CARRAWAY-Tallahassee JEAN ANN CONE-Tampa CLARENCE M. GAY-Orlando HAROLD W. GOFORTH-Ocala HERBERT GRAY-Tampa JOHN MARSHALL GREEN-Ocala KATHRYN ABBEY HANNA-Winter Park MALLORY HORNE-Tallahassee CHARLEs H. OvERMAN-Pensacola JOHN D. PENNEKAMP-Miami JOHN FITE ROBERTSON-Sarasota GERT H. W. SCHMIDT-Jacksonville H. E. WOLFE-St. Augustine Press the Quadricentennial Commission is reprinting twelve rare or semi-rare books. The subject matter in these volumes covers a period of more than three hun- dred years of Florida's history-the French and Spanish settlements, the War of 1812, the purchase by the United States, the Seminole War, the Civil War and Reconstruc- tion, and the modern period. In addition to textual re- productions, these facsimile editions contain introduc- tions by businessmen, journalists, and professors. The Quadricentennial Commission hopes these twelve books will stimulate the production of other reprints and en- courage students to write original manuscripts which describe and interpret Florida's past. The Florida Quadricentennial Commission THE COMMISSION FRED H. KENT, Chairman-Jacksonville DOYLE E. CARLTON, SR.-Tampa WILSON CARRAWAY-Tallahassee JEAN ANN CONE-Tampa CLARENCE M. GAY-Orlando HAROLD W. GOFORTH-Ocala HERBERT GRAY-Tampa JOHN MARSHALL GREEN-Ocala KATHRYN ABBEY HANNA-Winter Park MALLORY HORNE-Tallahassee CHARLES H. OvERMAN-Pensacola JOHN D. PENNEKAMP-Miami JOHN FITE ROBERTSON-Sarasota GERT H. W. SCHMDT-Jacksonville H. E. WOLFE-St. Augustine   EDITORIAL PREFACE. A century after its inception the Reconstruction Era of Florida remains obscure, its details indistinct, its inter- pretations varied, and its myths alive. The findings of lay and professional historians published in the Florida His- torical Quarterly and the unpublished theses and disserta- tions at the universities of the state are known by relatively few people. Pages 346 through 738 in William Watson Davis, The Civil War and Reconstruction in Florida, pub- lished in 1913, are the most comprehensive history of the period and the source most frequently used by authors of general histories of the United States. Partisan though ie was, Davis was not responsible for most of the mythology of Reconstruction. These tenacious myths describe a state ruled by Negroes; the "bottom rail" placed on top by military force; white citizens disfran- chised; the irresponsible, lawless acts of freedmen; whole- sale graft by carpetbagger, scalawag, and Negro; and the redemption of Florida by conservative white people. What are the facts? Negroes never controlled any state or local unit of government in Florida. The bottom rail was never on top, for the whites retained economic, political, and social control. Congress denied a sizable percentage of white citizens the right to vote for delegates to the consti- tutional convention of 1868 and to cast ballots for or against ratification of the constitution, but at no other time was the voting privilege of adult white males re- stricted. Although crimes were committed by freedmen, the most vicious acts and the greatest lawlessness were perpetrated by Young Democratic leagues, Ku-Klux-Klan- type organizations composed of white people. While there was corruption, the carpetbagger, scalawag, and conserva- tive white, not the Negro, received the plunder. By resort- ing to economic and physical intimidation in 1876, the EDITORIAL PREFACE. A century after its inception the Reconstruction Era of Florida remains obscure, its details indistinct, its inter- pretations varied, and its myths alive. The findings of lay and professional historians published in the Florida His- torical Quarterly and the unpublished theses and disserta- tions at the universities of the state are known by relatively few people. Pages 346 through 738 in William Watson Davis, The Civil War and Reconstruction in Florida, pub- lished in 1913, are the most comprehensive history of the period and the source most frequently used by authors of general histories of the United States. Partisan though ie was, Davis was not responsible for most of the mythology of Reconstruction. These tenacious myths describe a state ruled by Negroes; the "bottom rail" placed on top by military force; white citizens disfran- chised; the irresponsible, lawless acts of freedmen; whole- sale graft by carpetbagger, scalawag, and Negro; and the redemption of Florida by conservative white people. What are the facts? Negroes never controlled any state or local unit of government in Florida. The bottom rail was never on top, for the whites retained economic, political, and social control. Congress denied a sizable percentage of white citizens the right to vote for delegates to the consti- tutional convention of 1868 and to cast ballots for or against ratification of the constitution, but at no other time was the voting privilege of adult white males re- stricted. Although crimes were committed by freedmen, the most vicious acts and the greatest lawlessness were perpetrated by Young Democratic leagues, Ku-Klux-Klan- type organizations composed of white people. While there was corruption, the carpetbagger, scalawag, and conserva- tive white, not the Negro, received the plunder. By resort- ing to economic and physical intimidation in 1876, the EDITORIAL PREFACE. A century after its inception the Reconstruction Era of Florida remains obscure, its details indistinct, its inter- pretations varied, and its myths alive. The findings of lay and professional historians published in the Florida His- torical Quarterly and the unpublished theses and disserta- tions at the universities of the state are known by relatively few people. Pages 346 through 738 in William Watson Davis, The Civil War and Reconstruction in Florida, pub- lished in 1913, are the most comprehensive history of the period and the source most frequently used by authors of general histories of the United States. Partisan though he was, Davis was not responsible for most of the mythology of Reconstruction. These tenacious myths describe a state ruled by Negroes; the "bottom rail" placed on top by military force; white citizens disfratn- chised; the irresponsible, lawless acts of freedmen; whole- sale graft by carpetbagger, scalawag, and Negro; and the redemption of Florida by conservative white people. What are the facts? Negroes never controlled any state or local unit of government in Florida. The bottom rail was never on top, for the whites retained economic, political, and social control. Congress denied a sizable percentage of white citizens the right to vote for delegates to the consti- tutional convention of 1868 and to cast ballots for or against ratification of the constitution, but at no other time was the voting privilege of adult white males re- stricted. Although crimes were committed by freedmen, the most vicious acts and the greatest lawlessness were perpetrated by Young Democratic leagues, Ku-Klux-Klan- type organizations composed of white people. While there was corruption, the carpetbagger, scalawag, and conserva- tive white, not the Negro, received the plunder. By resort- ing to economic and physical intimidation in 1876, the  xii EDITORIAL PREFACE. conservatives kept some of the Negroes away from the polls and persuaded others to vote "the right way." The ultimate victory of the conservatives, however, rested on a decision of the Republican justices on the state Supreme Court. Frequently writers concentrate on dishonest men and bad measures, virtually ignoring the good that was ac- complished. The constitution of 1868 was an excellent framework of government. A wider democracy, educational progress, desirable community services, and progressive legislation were intermingled with knavery, lawlessness, and avarice. The population of the state almost doubled between 1860 and 1880, and there was a notable increase in production and personal income. Crooks from every political faction held office; but there were dedicated car- petbagger, scalawag, white conservative, and Negro public servants. Among the latter were Jonathan Gibbs, Josiah Walls, and John Wallace. A former slave from North Carolina, John Wallace was mustered out of the United States Army at Key West after a service of two and a half years. The self-educated veteran distinguished himself as a member of the Florida legislature and was employed by William D. Bloxham, later to be twice governor of the state, as a teacher for the Negro children on his plantation. Wallace had a flair for writing. In 1888 his Carpetbag Rule in Florida was pub- lished by a Jacksonville printer. The extent of Bloxham's authorship of the volume is unknown, but the book was used by the Democrats as a campaign document in the election of 1888. The Democratic Party had been fright- ened by the large protest vote of 1884 against the favorit- ism shown big business during the Bloxhan administra- tion. Allan Nevins is the dean of American historians. Twice a winner of the coveted Pulitzer Prize for biog- raphy and a recipient of the Bancroft and Scribner Cen- tennial prizes, he graced the graduate faculty at Columbia Xii EDITORIAL PREFACE. conservatives kept some of the Negroes away from the polls and persuaded others to vote "the right way." The ultimate victory of the conservatives, however, rested on a decision of the Republican justices on the state Supreme Court. Frequently writers concentrate on dishonest men and bad measures, virtually ignoring the good that was ac- complished. The constitution of 1868 was an excellent framework of government. A wider democracy, educational progress, desirable community services, and progressive legislation were intermingled with knavery, lawlessness, and avarice. The population of the state almost doubled between 1860 and 1880, and there was a notable increase in production and personal income. Crooks from every political faction held office; but there were dedicated car- petbagger, scalawag, white conservative, and Negro public servants. Among the latter were Jonathan Gibbs, Josiah Walls, and John Wallace. A former slave from North Carolina, John Wallace was mustered out of the United States Army at Key West after a service of two and a half years. The self-educated veteran distinguished himself as a member of the Florida legislature and was employed by William D. Bloxham, later to be twice governor of the state, as a teacher for the Negro children on his plantation. Wallace had a flair for writing. In 1888 his Carpetbag Rule in Florida was pub- lished by a Jacksonville printer. The extent of Bloxham's authorship of the volume is unknown, but the book was used by the Democrats as a campaign document in the election of 1888. The Democratic Party had been fright- ened by the large protest vote of 1884 against the favorit- ism shown big business during the Bloxham administra- tion. Allan Nevins is the dean of American historians. Twice a winner of the coveted Pulitzer Prize for biog- raphy and a recipient of the Bancroft and Scribner Cen- tennial prizes, he graced the graduate faculty at Columbia Xii EDITORIAL PREFACE. conservatives kept some of the Negroes away from the polls and persuaded others to vote "the right way." The ultimate victory of the conservatives, however, rested on a decision of the Republican justices on the state Supreme Court. Frequently writers concentrate on dishonest men and bad measures, virtually ignoring the good that was ac- complished. The constitution of 1868 was an excellent framework of government. A wider democracy, educational progress, desirable community services, and progressive legislation were intermingled with knavery, lawlessness, and avarice. The population of the state almost doubled between 1860 and 1880, and there was a notable increase in production and personal income. Crooks from every political faction held office; but there were dedicated car- petbagger, scalawag, white conservative, and Negro public servants. Among the latter were Jonathan Gibbs, Josiah Walls, and John Wallace. A former slave from North Carolina, John Wallace was mustered out of the United States Army at Key West after a service of two and a half years. The self-educated veteran distinguished himself as a member of the Florida legislature and was employed by William D. Bloxham, later to be twice governor of the state, as a teacher for the Negro children on his plantation. Wallace had a flair for writing. In 1888 his Carpetbag Rule in Florida was pub- lished by a Jacksonville printer. The extent of Bloxham's authorship of the volume is unknown, but the book was used by the Democrats as a campaign document in the election of 1888. The Democratic Party had been fright- ened by the large protest vote of 1884 against the favorit- ism shown big business during the Bloxham administra- tion. Allan Nevins is the dean of American historians. Twice a winner of the coveted Pulitzer Prize for biog- raphy and a recipient of the Bancroft and Scribner Cen- tennial prizes, he graced the graduate faculty at Columbia  EDITORIAL PREFACE. xiii University as Professor of History from 1931 to 1958. He is Senior Research Associate at the Huntington Library and Chairman of the Civil War Centennial Commission. The University of Florida Press is grateful to him for his incisive introduction, and to Stanley L. West, Director of Libraries at the University of Florida, for use of a copy of Wallace's book. REMBERT W. PATRICK University of Florida General Editor of the May, 1964 FLORIDIANA SERIES EDITORIAL PREFACE. xiii University as Professor of History from 1931 to 1958. He is Senior Research Associate at the Huntington Library and Chairman of the Civil War Centennial Commission. The University of Florida Press is grateful to him for his incisive introduction, and to Stanley L. West, Director of Libraries at the University of Florida, for use of a copy of Wallace's book. EDITORIAL PREFACE. Xiii University as Professor of History from 1931 to 1958. He is Senior Research Associate at the Huntington Library and Chairman of the Civil War Centennial Commission. The University of Florida Press is grateful to him for his incisive introduction, and to Stanley L. West, Director of Libraries at the University of Florida, for use of a copy of Wallace's book. University of Florida May, 1964 REMBERT W. PATRICK General Editor of the FLORIDIANA SERIES University of Florida May, 1964 REMBERT W. PATRICK General Editor of the FLORIDIANA SERIES   INTRODUCTION. The chapter entitled Reconstruction is one of the most grimly depressing in all American history; a chapter full of knavery, malice, blindness, brutality, and greed. Although far less tragic than the Civil War chapter, it has few of the countless redeeming flashes of heroism and de- votion that illumine the pages of the bloody struggle, and it is especially painful in that it seems to prove that the national character held fundamental flaws. Happily, however, the record of the dozen years after Appomattox as written in Washington and the nation does have several bright foils in the story of aspiration and growth in other fields. Most striking, perhaps, is the pag- eant of Western advance and development during the same period. From the bitterness and demoralization sum- moned to our memory by references to the Black Codes, Military Districts, Ku Klux Klan, Impeachment, Freed- men's Bureau, and Brooks-Baxter War, from the spiteful debates, the abusive legislation, the riots, the frauds, and the oppression of helpless blacks matched by the maltreat- ment of impotent whites, we can turn to the opening of mines, ranches, and wheatlands, the march of railroads across plains and mountains, the swift rise of new cities and states, and all the poetry and drama that cluster about the Indian, the cowboy, the prospector, the cattleman, and the transcontinental surveys. And if this does not suffice, we can study the constructive economic revolution of the era. In the story of Florida during the years from Lincoln to Hayes, the chronicle at first appears monotonously dis- tressing. Political and social Reconstruction, which was sometimes really stagnation or retrogression, appears about as seamy here as elsewhere; it is nearly as replete with violence, prejudice, and stupidity. "Eleven years of night- INTRODUCTION. The chapter entitled Reconstruction is one of the most grimly depressing in all American history; a chapter full of knavery, malice, blindness, brutality, and greed. Although far less tragic than the Civil War chapter, it has few of the countless redeeming flashes of heroism and de- votion that illumine the pages of the bloody struggle, and it is especially painful in that it seems to prove that the national character held fundamental flaws. Happily, however, the record of the dozen years after Appomattox as written in Washington and the nation does have several bright foils in the story of aspiration and growth in other fields. Most striking, perhaps, is the pag- eant of Western advance and development during the same period. From the bitterness and demoralization sum- moned to our memory by references to the Black Codes, Military Districts, Ku Klux Klan, Impeachment, Freed- men's Bureau, and Brooks-Baxter War, from the spiteful debates, the abusive legislation, the riots, the frauds, and the oppression of helpless blacks matched by the maltreat- ment of impotent whites, we can turn to the opening of mines, ranches, and wheatlands, the march of railroads across plains and mountains, the swift rise of new cities and states, and all the poetry and drama that cluster about the Indian, the cowboy, the prospector, the cattleman, and the transcontinental surveys. And if this does not suffice, we can study the constructive economic revolution of the era. In the story of Florida during the years from Lincoln to Hayes, the chronicle at first appears monotonously dis- tressing. Political and social Reconstruction, which was sometimes really stagnation or retrogression, appears about as seamy here as elsewhere; it is nearly as replete with violence, prejudice, and stupidity. "Eleven years of night- INTRODUCTION. The chapter entitled Reconstruction is one of the most grimly depressing in all American history; a chapter full of knavery, malice, blindness, brutality, and greed. Although far less tragic than the Civil War chapter, it has few of the countless redeeming flashes of heroism and de- votion that illumine the pages of the bloody struggle, and it is especially painful in that it seems to prove that the national character held fundamental flaws. Happily, however, the record of the dozen years after Appomattox as written in Washington and the nation does have several bright foils in the story of aspiration and growth in other fields. Most striking, perhaps, is the pag- eant of Western advance and development during the same period. From the bitterness and demoralization sum- moned to our memory by references to the Black Codes, Military Districts, Ku Klux Klan, Impeachment, Freed- men's Bureau, and Brooks-Baxter War, from the spiteful debates, the abusive legislation, the riots, the frauds, and the oppression of helpless blacks matched by the maltreat- ment of impotent whites, we can turn to the opening of mines, ranches, and wheatlands, the march of railroads across plains and mountains, the swift rise of new cities and states, and all the poetry and drama that cluster about the Indian, the cowboy, the prospector, the cattleman, and the transcontinental surveys. And if this does not suffice, we can study the constructive economic revolution of the era. In the story of Florida during the years from Lincoln to Hayes, the chronicle at first appears monotonously dis- tressing. Political and social Reconstruction, which was sometimes really stagnation or retrogression, appears about as seamy here as elsewhere; it is nearly as replete with violence, prejudice, and stupidity. "Eleven years of night-  xvi INTRODUCTION. mare" is the phrase one Florida historian gives it.' Yet this is far from the whole chronicle. While the clash of factions, the muddle of legislation, the cheating and im- becility, spread a canopy of gloom over good citizens of both races, elements of a brighter scene were appearing. Florida also had frontiers, geographic and economic, on which to advance. It wrote into thte first new constitu- tion a provision for a State Bureau of Immigration. Men who represented the best type of Yankee enterprise ap- peared-the noted agricultural writer, Solon Robinson, for example, who helped build housing in Jacksonville. The health-seeker and tourist began to arrive, with a na- tional figure in the vanguard-Harriet Beecher Stowe, who settled on the broad St. Johns in 1868 and celebrated the beauties of the district in her letters. Interest in citrus cultivation revived, and trees were transplanted and bud- ded by the hundred thousand. Alert people, writes one observer, concluded that "men, money, and labor" could transform the peninsula. In her books Rodman the Keeper and Jupiter Lights, the novelist Constance Fenimore Woolson meanwhile suggested that sympathetic good will could bring the two races into partnership5 Eleven states took part in the drama of Reconstruc- tion, and the story of one cannot be understood in detach- ment from the others. Each has its special elements of significance, but each repeats the same broad themes. Al- though Florida's story is as interesting as any, historians treating of the whole scene have too frequently neglected it. For one reason, Florida was peripheral, and had never played the central part in Southern affairs that Mississippi, Georgia, and Virginia did. For another, the state was rela- tively poor and weak. Its population of 140,000 when the war began, including 61,500 slaves, made it seem un- important in comparison with the five members of the Confederacy whose population approached or exceeded 1,000,000, and the four others which exceeded 600,000. The entire peninsula south of Tampa was empty, with an XUi INTRODUCTION. mare" is the phrase one Florida historian gives it.' Yet this is far from the whole chronicle. While the clash of factions, the muddle of legislation, the cheating and im- becility, spread a canopy of gloom over good citizens of both races, elements of a brighter scene were appearing. Florida also had frontiers, geographic and economic, on which to advance. It wrote into the first new constitu- tion a provision for a State Bureau of Immigration. Men who represented the best type of Yankee enterprise ap- peared-the noted agricultural writer, Solon Robinson, for example, who helped build housing in Jacksonville. The health-seeker and tourist began to arrive, with a na- tional figure in the vanguard-Harriet Beecher Stowe, who settled on the broad St. Johns in 1868 and celebrated the beauties of the district in her letters. Interest in citrus cultivation revived, and trees were transplanted and bud- ded by the hundred thousand. Alert people, writes one observer, concluded that "men, money, and labor" could transform the peninsula. In her books Rodman the Keeper and Jupiter Lights, the novelist Constance Fenimore Woolson meanwhile suggested that sympathetic good will could bring the two races into partnership.c Eleven states took part in the drama of Reconstruc- tion, and the story of one cannot be understood in detach- ment from the others. Each has its special elements of significance, but each repeats the same broad themes. Al- though Florida's story is as interesting as any, historians treating of the whole scene have too frequently neglected it. For one reason, Florida was peripheral, and had never played the central part in Southern affairs that Mississippi, Georgia, and Virginia did. For another, the state was rela- tively poor and weak. Its population of 140,000 when the war began, including 61,500 slaves, made it seem un- important in comparison with the five members of the Confederacy whose population approached or exceeded 1,000,000, and the four others which exceeded 600,000. The entire peninsula south of Tampa was empty, with an XUv INTRODUCTION. mare" is the phrase one Florida historian gives it.' Yet this is far from the whole chronicle. While the clash of factions, the muddle of legislation, the cheating and im- becility, spread a canopy of gloom over good citizens of both races, elements of a brighter scene were appearing. Florida also had frontiers, geographic and economic, on which to advance. It wrote into the first new constitu- tion a provision for a State Bureau of Immigration. Men who represented the best type of Yankee enterprise ap- peared-the noted agricultural writer, Solon Robinson, for example, who helped build housing in Jacksonville. The health-seeker and tourist began to arrive, with a na- tional figure in the vanguard-Harriet Beecher Stowe, who settled on the broad St. Johns in 1868 and celebrated the beauties of the district in her letters. Interest in citrus cultivation revived, and trees were transplanted and bud- ded by the hundred thousand. Alert people, writes one observer, concluded that "men, money, and labor" could transform the peninsula. In her books Rodman the Keeper and Jupiter Lights, the novelist Constance Fenimore Woolson meanwhile suggested that sympathetic good will could bring the two races into partnership Eleven states took part in the drama of Reconstruc- tion, and the story of one cannot be understood in detach- ment from the others. Each has its special elements of significance, but each repeats the same broad themes. Al- though Florida's story is as interesting as any, historians treating of the whole scene have too frequently neglected it. For one reason, Florida was peripheral, and had never played the central part in Southern affairs that Mississippi, Georgia, and Virginia did. For another, the state was rela- tively poor and weak. Its population of 140,000 when the war began, including 61,500 slaves, made it seem un- important in comparison with the five members of the Confederacy whose population approached or exceeded 1,000,000, and the four others which exceeded 600,000. The entire peninsula south of Tampa was empty, with an  INTRODUCTION. XUEZ average of fewer than two inhabitants to the square mile. Only the strip just south and east of Tallahassee, border- ing on Georgia, could be termed well populated. At a time when most Southern wealth was popularly measured in broad plantations with large gangs of slaves, Florida was a land of small farmers and "crackers." When hostili- ties opened it had only 77 plantations of a thousand acres or more, and only 211 additional holdings of more than half that size. Nearly four-fifths of the slaveholders owned fewer than fifteen slaves apiece.' Still another reason why the historian James Ford Rhodes, for example, gives a full column of page refer- ences to Mississippi and another to Georgia in the index to his volumes on Reconstruction, and not even a quarter- column to Florida, lies in the happy exemption of the state from the most sensational types of violence and out- rage. Appalling as some occurrences weere, they less fre- quently justified wild headlines than those in other parts of the South. The provisional governor when the war ended, iWilliam Marvin, was a man of high character: a former judge, a resident of the state for a quarter-century, a Unionist who had opposed secession, a man whose mod- fration made him generally respected by perceptive whites and Negroes alike. The first elected governor, David S. 'Walker, who took office at the beginning of 1866, was an- other moderate: an old-time Whig, a lover of the Union, and a deservedly popular citizen.' When military recon- struction went into effect the following year, the fact that most of Florida's coastal area had been under the domina- tion of the Union army or navy from an early date in the war made acceptance of the new regime easier. The fact that during the heated 1850's Florida had fewer fire-eaters than most of the South-David Yulee, for example, became more conservative during the decade-was also helpful. At any rate, Florida's history seemed quieter if not happier than that of some of her sisters; it contained few of the lurid episodes we find thickly scattered through the INTRODUCTION. Xvlii INTRODUCTION. Xlii average of fewer than two inhabitants to the square mile. Only the strip just south and east of Tallahassee, border- ing on Georgia, could be termed well populated. At a time when most Southern wealth was popularly measured in broad plantations with large gangs of slaves, Florida was a land of small farmers and "crackers." When hostili- ties opened it had only 77 plantations of a thousand acres or more, and only 211 additional holdings of more than half that size. Nearly four-fifths of the slaveholders owned fewer than fifteen slaves apiece? Still another reason why the historian James Ford Rhodes, for example, gives a full column of page refer- ences to Mississippi and another to Georgia in the index to his volumes on Reconstruction, and not even a quarter- column to:Florida, lies in the happy exemption of the state from the most sensational types of violence and out- rage. Appalling as some occurrences weere, they less fre- quently justified wild headlines than those in other parts of the South. The provisional governor when the war endedWilliam Marvin, was a man of high character: a former judge, a resident of the state for a quarter-century, a Unionist who had opposed secession, a man whose mod- eration made him generally respected by perceptive whites and Negroes alike. The first elected governor, David S. Walker, who took office at the beginning of 1866, was an- other moderate: an old-time Whig, a lover of the Union, and a deservedly popular citizen.4 When military recon- struction went into effect the following year, the fact that most of Florida's coastal area had been under the domina- tion of the Union army or navy from an early date in the war made acceptance of the new regime easier. The fact that during the heated 1850's Florida had fewer fire-eaters than most of the South-David Yulee, for example, became more conservative during the decade-was also helpful. At any rate, Florida's history seemed quieter if not happier than that of some of her sisters; it contained few of the lurid episodes we find thickly scattered through the average of fewer than two inhabitants to the square mile. Only the strip just south and east of Tallahassee, border- ing on Georgia, could be termed well populated. At a time when most Southern wealth was popularly measured in broad plantations with large gangs of slaves, Florida was a land of small farmers and "crackers." When hostili- ties opened it had only 77 plantations of a thousand acres or more, and only 211 additional holdings of more than half that size. Nearly four-fifths of the slaveholders owned fewer than fifteen slaves apiece.t Still another reason why the historian James Ford Rhodes, for example, gives a full column of page refer- ences to Mississippi and another to Georgia in the index to his volumes on Reconstruction, and not even a quarter- column to -Florida, lies in the happy exemption of the state from the most sensational types of violence and out- rage. Appalling as some occurrences were, they less fre- quently justified wild headlines than those in other parts of the South. The provisional governor when the war ended, William Marvin, was a man of high character: a former judge, a resident of the state for a quarter-century, a Unionist who had opposed secession, a man whose mod- eration made him generally respected bj perceptive whites and Negroes alike. The first elected governor, David S. Walker, who took office at the beginning of 1866, was an- other moderate: an old-time Whig, a lover of the Union, and a deservedly popular citizen.' When military recon- struction went into effect the following year, the fact that most of Florida's coastal area had been under the domina- tion of the Union army or navy from an early date in the war made acceptance of the new regime easier. The fact that during the heated 1850's Florida had fewer fire-eaters than most of the South-David Yulee, for example, became more conservative during the decade-was also helpful. At any rate, Florida's history seemed quieter if not happier than that of some of her sisters; it contained few of the lurid episodes we find thickly scattered through the  xviii INTRODUCTION. pages on Tennessee and North Carolina in the report of the Joint Committee on Reconstruction to the Thirty- Ninth Congress, and subsequent documents. The state had its organizations which practised intimidation and vio- lence: its Ku Klux Klan type of regulators on the one side, its Union Leagues and Lincoln Brotherhoods on the other. The chapter which William Watson Davis calls "The Outbreak of Lawlessness" in his history of Florida Reconstruction is horrifying. We read with equal repul- sion of the way in which Negroes murdered former masters (sometimes, no doubt, with cause), and the way in which parties of young white men, including local aristocrats, dragged offending Negroes into the woods for the ghastly purpose of executing them. But the Klan was never so ruthless as in areas where the Invisible Empire first spread its tentacles from Nashville. Florida never had a governor as corrupt and unprincipled as Franklin J. Moses, Jr., the scalawag executive of South Carolina, or so universally hated as Henry Clay Warmoth, the carpetbagger head of Louisiana. It never had a race riot so alarming as those which took place in New Orleans and Memphis in 1866, or an encounter between white citizens and colored police as savage as that which shocked New Orleans in 1874. From the beginning, the white conservatives of Flor- ida, deprived of self-government, couched their sense of desperation in moderate language. It was as a veteran adherent of the Union that Governor Walker protested against the Fourteenth Amendment on the ground that it would disfranchise thousands who had witnessed secession with bleeding hearts, and had assisted the rebellion only out of respect for the authority of the state. Some special pleading appears in this; probably not more than 5 to 10 per cent of the population supported the Union in 1861, and the devotion of many was shallow. But the language in which a legislative committee described popular griev- ances in the autumn of 1866 was eloquent without being inflammatory. Xviii INTRODUCTION. pages on Tennessee and North Carolina in the report of the Joint Committee on Reconstruction to the Thirty- Ninth Congress, and subsequent documents. The state had its organizations which practised intimidation and vio- lence: its Ku Klux Klan type of regulators on the one side, its Union Leagues and Lincoln Brotherhoods on the other. The chapter which William Watson Davis calls "The Outbreak of Lawlessness" in his history of Florida Reconstruction is horrifying. We read with equal repul- sion of the way in which Negroes murdered former masters (sometimes, no doubt, with cause), and the way in which parties of young white men, including local aristocrats, dragged offending Negroes into the woods for the ghastly purpose of executing them. But the Klan was never so ruthless as in areas where the Invisible Empire first spread its tentacles from Nashville. Florida never had a governor as corrupt and unprincipled as Franklin J. Moses, Jr., the scalawag executive of South Carolina, or so universally hated as Henry Clay Warmoth, the carpetbagger head of Louisiana. It never had a race riot so alarming as those which took place in New Orleans and Memphis in 1866, or an encounter between white citizens and colored police as savage as that which shocked New Orleans in 1874. From the beginning, the white conservatives of Flor- ida, deprived of self-government, couched their sense of desperation in moderate language. It was as a veteran adherent of the Union that Governor Walker protested against the Fourteenth Amendment on the ground that it would disfranchise thousands who had witnessed secession with bleeding hearts, and had assisted the rebellion only out of respect for the authority of the state. Some special pleading appears in this; probably not more than 5 to 10 per cent of the population supported the Union in 1861, and the devotion of many was shallow. But the language in which a legislative committee described popular griev- ances in the autumn of 1866 was eloquent without being inflammatory. Xviii INTRODUCTION. pages on Tennessee and North Carolina in the report of the Joint Committee on Reconstruction to the Thirty- Ninth Congress, and subsequent documents. The state had its organizations which practised intimidation and vio- lence: its Ku Klux Klan type of regulators on the one side, its Union Leagues and Lincoln Brotherhoods on the other. The chapter which William Watson Davis calls "The Outbreak of Lawlessness" in his history of Florida Reconstruction is horrifying. We read with equal repul- sion of the way in which Negroes murdered former masters (sometimes, no doubt, with cause), and the way in which parties of young white men, including local aristocrats, dragged offending Negroes into the woods for the ghastly purpose of executing them. But the Klan was never so ruthless as in areas where the Invisible Empire first spread its tentacles from Nashville. Florida never had a governor as corrupt and unprincipled as Franklin J. Moses, Jr., the scalawag executive of South Carolina, or so universally hated as Henry Clay Warmoth, the carpetbagger head of Louisiana. It never had a race riot so alarming as those which took place in New Orleans and Memphis in 1866, or an encounter between white citizens and colored police as savage as that which shocked New Orleans in 1874. From the beginning, the white conservatives of Flor- ida, deprived of self-government, couched their sense of desperation in moderate language. It was as a veteran adherent of the Union that Governor Walker protested against the Fourteenth Amendment on the ground that it would disfranchise thousands who had witnessed secession with bleeding hearts, and had assisted the rebellion only out of respect for the authority of the state. Some special pleading appears in this; probably not more than 5 to 10 per cent of the population supported the Union in 1861, and the devotion of many was shallow. But the language in which a legislative committee described popular griev- ances in the autumn of 1866 was eloquent without being inflammatory.  INTRODUCTION. XiX INTRODUCTION. xXX INTRODUCTION. XiX "Our present relations with the general government are certainly of a strange character," ran its protest.t "Be- yond the postal service, our people derive no benefit from our existence as a State in the Union. We are denied representation even when we select a party who has never in fact sympathized with armed resistance to the United States, and who can, in good faith, take the oath. We are at the same time subject to the most onerous taxation; the civil law of the State is enforced and obeyed only if it meets the approval of the local commander of the troops of the United States; the Congress of the United States enacts laws making certain lands subject to entry at a small cost by the colored portion of our population, and denies the like privilege to the white man by restrictions amounting to a prohibition. We are, in fact, recognized as a State for the single and sole purpose of working out our own destruction and dishonor." And it is refreshing to find how earnestly Governor Walker, like Governor Harrison Reed, the Republican carpetbagger from Wisconsin who took office in,1868, tried to repress extremists on both sides. Walker deplored the hysterical attacks of Southern newspapers upon the North, and the resentful assaults of the Northern press upon the Southern people. Sensational journals of Radical Repub- lican hue played up every brutal assault and treacherous murder below the Mason and Dixon Line; angry sheets supporting conservative Democracy retaliated with "every instance of elopement, murder, theft, robbery, arson, bur- glary, starvation, destitution, Mormonism, free-love, and so on until their readers are taught to believe that the North is utterly corrupt."- Truth lay between. Similarly, Reed tried to restore harmony by following a median pol- icy. He appointed some Democrats to important offices along .with Negroes and imported Republicans, took care to give the state a sound judiciary, surrounded himself with a good cabinet, and discouraged appeals to prejudice. The result was that he displeased every group. The native "Our present relations with the general government are certainly of a strange character," ran its protest.t "Be- yond the postal service, our people derive no benefit from our existence as a State in the Union. We are denied representation even when we select a party who has never in fact sympathized with armed resistance to the United States, and who can, in good faith, take the oath. We are at the same time subject to the most onerous taxation; the civil law of the State is enforced and obeyed only if it meets the approval of the local commander of the troops of the United States; the Congress of the United States enacts laws making certain lands subject to entry at a small cost by the colored portion of our population, and denies the like privilege to the white man by restrictions amounting to a prohibition. We are, in fact, recognized as a State for the single and sole purpose of working out our own destruction and dishonor." And it is refreshing to find how earnestly Governor Walker, like Governor Harrison Reed, the Republican carpetbagger from Wisconsin who took office in 1868, tried to repress extremists on both sides. Walker deplored the hysterical attacks of Southern newspapers upon the North, and the resentful assaults of the Northern press upon the Southern people. Sensational journals of Radical Repub- lican hue played op every brutal assault and treacherous murder below the Mason and Dixon Line; angry sheets supporting conservative Democracy retaliated with "every instance of elopement, murder, theft, robbery, arson, bur- glary, starvation, destitution, Mormonism, free-love, and so on until their readers are taught to believe that the North is utterly corrupt."t Truth lay between. Similarly, Reed tried to restore harmony by following a median pol- icy. He appointed some Democrats to important offices along.with Negroes and imported Republicans, took care to give the state a sound judiciary, surrounded himself with a good cabinet, and discouraged appeals to prejudice. The result was that he displeased every group. The native "Our present relations with the general government are certainly of a strange character," ran its protest.t "Be- yond the postal service, our people derive no benefit from our existence as a State in the Union. We are denied representation even when we select a party who has never in fact sympathized with armed resistance to the United States, and who can, in good faith, take the oath. We are at the same time subject to the most onerous taxation; the civil law of the State is enforced and obeyed only if it meets the approval of the local commander of the troops of the United States; the Congress of the United States enacts laws making certain lands subject to entry at a small cost by the colored portion of our population, and denies the like privilege to the white man by restrictions amounting to a prohibition. We are, in fact, recognized as a State for the single and sole purpose of working out our own destruction and dishonor." And it is refreshing to find how earnestly Governor Walker, like Governor Harrison Reed, the Republican carpetbagger from Wisconsin who took office in i868, tried to repress extremists on both sides. Walker deplored the hysterical attacks of Southern newspapers upon the North, and the resentful assaults of the Northern press upon the Southern people. Sensational journals of Radical Repub- lican hue played op every brutal assault and treacherous murder below the Mason and Dixon Line; angry sheets supporting conservative Democracy retaliated with "every instance of elopement, murder, theft, robbery, arson, bur- glary, starvation, destitution, Mormonism, free-love, and so on until their readers are taught to believe that the North is utterly corrupt."" Truth lay between. Similarly, Reed tried to restore harmony by following a median pol- icy. He appointed some Democrats to important offices along .with Negroes and imported Republicans, took care to give the state a sound judiciary, surrounded himself with a good cabinet, and discouraged appeals to prejudice. The result was that he displeased every group. The native  XX INTRODUCTION. white population had little use for a carpetbagger, no mat- ter how wise and fair. The Negroes violently denounced him, especially after he vetoed a bill to make railways and hotels give the same accommodations to Negroes as to whites. A clamor for his impeachment arose which kept the state in political turmoil until his exit after the elec- tion of 1872. Perhaps the most unnerving spectacle of these years was the constitutional convention which began its sessions in the first days of 1868. Of this Wallace draws a graphic picture. Some of the Negro delegates were so illiterate that they would try to read the journal of proceedings upside down. T. W. Osborn, head of the Freedmen's Bureau, an ambitious Yankee on his way to the United States Senate, directed one of the leading groups.] An Illinois carpet- bagger named Daniel Richards, elected president of the convention, delivered at address which urged bestowal of the ballot on all Negroes and other loyal men while dis- qualifying all who had engaged in "treason and rebel- lion." The City Hotel in Tallahassee was thronged with delegates holding caucuses, drinking whiskey, and gladly receiving bribes from anybody who offered them. For the first time many a former slave tasted champagne and smoked expensive Havana cigars. The wonder is that the instrument finally adopted was as liberal and workable as it proved. Patterned largely on the constitutions of Vermont and Missouri, it gave the ballot to whites and blacks on equal terms. But it was long before men forgot the tur- moil as the convention divided into two angry groups, and General George Gordon Meade intervened to decide the outcome of its labors. This drama of Reconstruction had villains of melo- dramatic stature. One was Osborn, whom Wallace harshly stigmatizes as a "plunder hunter." Another was W. J. Purman, a lawyer from Pennsylvania who will be remem- bered in history as chairman of a commission established in 1869 to enter into negotiations for transferring West XX INTRODUCTION. white population had little use for a carpetbagger, no mat- ter how wise and fair. The Negroes violently denounced him, especially after he vetoed a bill to make railways and hotels give the same accommodations to Negroes as to whites. A clamor for his impeachment arose which kept the state in political turmoil until his exit after the elec- tion of 1872. Perhaps the most unnerving spectacle of these years was the constitutional convention which began its sessions in the first days of 1868. Of this Wallace draws a graphic picture. Some of the Negro delegates were so illiterate that they would try to read the journal of proceedings upside down. T. W. Osborn, head of the Freedmen's Bureau, an ambitious Yankee on his way to the United States Senate, directed one of the leading groups] An Illinois carpet- bagger named Daniel Richards, elected president of the convention, delivered an address which urged bestowal of the ballot on all Negroes and other loyal men while dis- qualifying all who had engaged in "treason and rebel- lion." The City Hotel in Tallahassee was thronged with delegates holding caucuses, drinking whiskey, and gladly receiving bribes from anybody who offered them. For the first time many a former slave tasted champagne and smoked expensive Havana cigars. The wonder is that the instrument finally adopted was as liberal and workable as it proved. Patterned largely on the constitutions of Vermont and Missouri, it gave the ballot to whites and blacks on equal terms. But it was long before men forgot the tur- mil as the convention divided into two angry groups, and General George Gordon Meade intervened to decide the outcome of its labors. This drama of Reconstruction had villains of melo- dramatic stature. One was Osborn, whom Wallace harshly stigmatizes as a "plunder hunter." Another was W. J. Purman, a lawyer from Pennsylvania who will be remem- bered in history as chairman of a commission established in 1869 to enter into negotiations for transferring West XX INTRODUCTION. white population had little use for a carpetbagger, no mat- ter how wise and fair. The Negroes violently denounced him, especially after he vetoed a bill to make railways and hotels give the same accommodations to Negroes as to whites. A clamor for his impeachment arose which kept the state in political turmoil until his exit after the elec- tion of 1872. Perhaps the most unnerving spectacle of these years was the constitutional convention which began its sessions in the first days of 1868. Of this Wallace draws a graphic picture. Some of the Negro delegates were so illiterate that they would try to read the journal of proceedings upside down. T. W. Osborn, head of the Freedmen's Bureau, an ambitious Yankee on his way to the United States Senate, directed one of the leading groups.7 An Illinois carpet- bagger named Daniel Richards, elected president of the convention, delivered an address which urged bestowal of the ballot on all Negroes and other loyal men while dis- qualifying all who had engaged in "treason and rebel- lion." The City Hotel in Tallahassee was thronged with delegates holding caucuses, drinking whiskey, and gladly receiving bribes from anybody who offered them. For the first time many a former slave tasted champagne and smoked expensive Havana cigars. The wonder is that the instrument finally adopted was as liberal and workable as it proved. Patterned largely on the constitutions of Vermont and Missouri, it gave the ballot to whites and blacks on equal terms. But it was long before men forgot the tur- moil as the convention divided into two angry groups, and General George Gordon Meade intervened to decide the outcome of its labors. This drama of Reconstruction had villains of Inelo- dramatic stature. One was Osborn, whom Wallace harshly stigmatizes as a "plunder hunter." Another was W. J. Purman, a lawyer from Pennsylvania who will be remem- bered in history as chairman of a commission established in 1869 to enter into negotiations for transferring West  INTRODUCTION. XXZ Florida to Alabama, a result never achieved. (He closed his active career by "engaging in agricultural pursuits" in his native state.) Most picturesque of all the villains, how- ever, was Milton S. Littlefield, who strode forth on the stage in 1869. W. W. Davis, who calls him an extralegal lawmaker, furnishes a description of the man: "Compactly built, with an almost hypnotically clear eye, a ready ton- gue, an agile brain, a supply of money, and a lordly air." He saw his opportunities chiefly in the railroad field, and he tok them. Most notably, he played a part in the nefari- ous transaction by which $4,000,000, in state bonds issued for public works, went, as Governor Reed put it, "to one of the firms of swindlers who abound in New York and which by fraud and villainy have diverted much of the proceeds from the work for which they were issued." The $4,000,000 in bonds netted the sellers $2,800,000, of which only $308,000 was even ostensibly used to build and equip Florida railways; the rest went into private pockets. The history of these years also had its heroes, for hap- pily Florida was ntot lacking in men of ability, probity, and public spirit. One little-regarded hero was Samuel Fleischman, a Jewish merchant who met death stoically because he had expressed views hostile to white supremacy, and stood unflinchingly by them. Brave Harrison Reed, a pugnacious battler in an impossible situation, may be re- garded as a hero, even though far from unblemished. What John Wallace has to say of his struggle seldom fails in interest.' The most impressive figure of the time, how- ever, in Davis' thorough history as in Wallace's more biased pages, is William D. Bloxham, who well deserves the place accorded him in the Dictionary of American Biography. Descended from an Englishman once employed by George Washington at Mount Vernon, and born at Talla- hassee, Bloxham had been educated at William and Mary College, had fought under the Confederate flag as captain of a Florida company until his health failed, and had then INTRODUCTION. XXZ Florida to Alabama, a result never achieved. (He closed his active career by "engaging in agricultural pursuits" in his native state.) Most picturesque of all the villains, how- ever, was Milton S. Littlefield, who strode forth on the stage in 1869. W. W. Davis, who calls him an extralegal lawmaker, furnishes a description of the man: "Compactly built, with an almost hypnotically clear eye, a ready ton- gue, an agile brain, a supply of money, and a lordly air." He saw his opportunities chiefly in the railroad field, and he took them. Most notably, he played a part in the nefari- ous transaction by which $4,000,000, in state bonds issued for public works, went, a s Governor Reed put it, "to one of the firms of swindlers who abound in New York and which by fraud and villainy have diverted much of the proceeds from the work for which they were issued." The $4,000,000 in bonds netted the sellers $2,800,000, of which only $308,000 was even ostensibly used to build and equip Florida railways; the rest went into private pockets.t The history of these years also had its heroes, for hap- pily Florida was not lacking in men of ability, probity, and public spirit. One little-regarded hero was Samuel Fleischman, a Jewish merchant who met death stoically because he had expressed views hostile to white supremacy, and stood unflinchingly by them. Brave Harrison Reed, a pugnacious battler in an impossible situation, may be re- garded as a hero, even though far from unblemished. What John Wallace has to say of his struggle seldom fails in interest.' The most impressive figure of the time, how- ever, in Davis' thorough history as in Wallace's more biased pages, is William D. Bloxham, who well deserves the place accorded him in the Dictionary of American Biography. Descended from ass Englishman once employed by George Washington at Mount Vernon, and born at Talla- hassee, Bloxhant had been educated at William and Mary College, had fought under the Confederate flag as captain of a Florida company until his health failed, and had then INTRODUCTION. XXI Florida to Alabama, a result never achieved. (He closed his active career by "engaging in agricultural pursuits" in his native state.) Most picturesque of all the villains, how- ever, was Milton S. Littlefield, who strode forth on the stage in 1869. W. W. Davis, who calls him an extralegal lawmaker, furnishes a description of the man: "Compactly built, with an almost hypnotically clear eye, a ready ton- gue, an agile brain, a supply of money, and a lordly air." He saw his opportunities chiefly in the railroad field, and he took them. Most notably, he played a part in the nefari- ous transaction by which $4,000,000, in state bonds issued for public works, went, as Governor Reed put it, "to one of the firms of swindlers who abound in New York and which by fraud and villainy have diverted much of the proceeds from the work for which they were issued." The $4,000,000 in bonds netted the sellers $2,800,000, of which only $308,000 was even ostensibly used to build and equip Florida railways; the rest went into private pockets5 The history of these years also had its heroes, for hap- pily Florida was ttot lacking in men of ability, probity, and public spirit. One little-regarded hero was Samuel Fleischman, a Jewish merchant who met death stoically because he had expressed views hostile to white supremacy, and stood unflinchingly by them. Brave Harrison Reed, a pugnacious battler in an impossible situation, may be re- garded as a hero, even though far from unblemished. What John Wallace has to say of his struggle seldom fails in interest.' The most impressive figure of the time, how- ever, in Davis' thorough history as in Wallace's more biased pages, is William D. Bloxham, who well deserves the place accorded him in the Dictionary of American Biography. Descended from an Englishman once employed by George Washington at Mount Vernon, and born at Talla- hassee, Bloxham had been educated at William and Mary College, had fought under the Confederate flag as captain of a Florida company until his health failed, and had then  xxii INTRODUCTION. become a planter. Florida in the last two years of the war produced a great part of the beef and bacon on which Confederate troops depended. When peace came, he sprang into the struggle against the control of the state by Negro and carpetbag leaders. In 1870, making speeches in every county, he was elected lieutenant-governor. Two years later he was defeated for governor; but in his strenu- ous campaign he laid the foundations for the organization which in 1876 was to wrest the government from radical hands. Eventually, but not until 1881, he did occupy the gubernatorial mansion. It was Bloxham who, as Governor Reed himself testi- fied, foiled a plot in 1868 to take Reed's life. A hostile faction was besieging thte state capitol; by firing guns close to his residence, sending up rockets by night from its head- quarters at the city hall, and using clamoor and threats, it tried to frighten Reed into resigning. When it hired a notorious thug as assassin, only Bloxham's intervention made the man abandon his intention. As Ruby Leach Car- son demonstrates in her essay in the Florida Historical Quarterly,' Bloxham was ever an advocate of conciliation and harmony. He told the convention which nominated him in 1872 that "the men who followed with honor the Lost Cause unite ... with those who, with equal heroism, were led to victory under the Star Spangled Banner," and added to this bit of rhetoric words which Southerners might well recall today: "We not only lay aside our preju- dices, but we assert the equal political rights of all men of every color and condition, and shall see to it that they are ever preserved inviolate." Such statements do some- thing to justify John Wallace's characterization of Blox- ham as "a political giant." He was more than the "clever, polite, entertaining" man of one newspaper description; he was a leader of determination and liberal vision. War and politics by no means monopolized his ener- gies. His work as an agricultural experimenter and leader of the Grange is still remembered. He labored to encour- Xxii INTRODUCTION. become a planter. Florida in the last two years of the war produced a great part of the beef and bacon on which Confederate troops depended. When peace came, he sprang into the struggle against the control of the state by Negro and carpetbag leaders. In 1870, making speeches in every county, he was elected lieutenant-governor. Two years later he was defeated for governor; but in his strenu- ous campaign he laid the foundations for the organization which in 1876 was to wrest the government front radical hands. Eventually, but not until 1881, he did occupy the gubernatorial mansion. It was Bloxham who, as Governor Reed himself testi- fied, foiled a plot in 1868 to take Reed's life. A hostile faction was besieging the state capitol; by firing guns close to his residence, sending up rockets by night from its head- quarters at the city hall, and using clamor and threats, it tried to frighten Reed into resigning. When it hired a notorious thug as assassin, only Bloxham's intervention tade the man abandon his intention. As Ruby Leach Car- son demonstrates in her essay in the Florida Historical Quarterly,?t Bloxham was ever an advocate of conciliation and harmony. He told the convention which nominated him in 1872 that "the men who followed with honor the Lost Cause unite ... with those who, with equal heroism, were led to victory ander the Star Spangled Banner," and added to this bit of rhetoric words which Southerners might well recall today: "We not only lay aside our preju- dices, but we assert the equal political rights of all men of every color and condition, and shall see to it that they are ever preserved inviolate." Such statements do some- thing to justify John Wallace's characterization of Blox- ham as "a political giant." He was more than the "clever, polite, entertaining" man of one newspaper description; he was a leader of determination and liberal vision. War and politics by no means monopolized his ener- gies. His work as an agricultural experimenter and leader of the Grange is still remembered. He labored to encour- XXii INTRODUCTION. become a planter. Florida in the last two years of the war produced a great part of the beef and bacon on which Confederate troops depended. When peace came, he sprang into the struggle against the control of the state by Negro and carpetbag leaders. In 1870, making speeches in every county, he was elected lieutenant-governor. Two years later he was defeated for governor; but in his strenu- ous campaign he laid the foundations for the organization which in 1876 was to wrest the government from radical hands. Eventually, but not until 1881, he did occupy the gubernatorial mansion. It was Bloxham who, as Governor Reed himself testi- fied, foiled a plot in 1868 to take Reed's life. A hostile faction was besieging the state capitol; by firing guns close to his residence, sending up rockets by night from its head- quarters at the city hall, and using clamor and threats, it tried to frighten Reed into resigning. When it hired a notorious thug as assassin, only Bloxham's intervention made the man abandon his intention. As Ruby Leach Car- son demonstrates in her essay in the Florida Historical Quarterlyt5 Bloxham was ever an advocate of conciliation and harmony. He told the convention which nominated him in 1872 that "the men who followed with honor the Lost Cause unite . . . with those who, with equal heroism, were led to victory ander the Star Spangled Banner," and added to this bit of rhetoric words which Southerners might well recall today "We not only lay aside our preju- dices, but we assert the equal political rights of all men of every color and condition, and shall see to it that they are ever preserved inviolate." Such statements do some- thing to justify John Wallace's characterization of Blox- ham as "a political giant." He was more than the "clever, polite, entertaining" man of one newspaper description; he was a leader of determin'ation and liberal vision. War and politics by no means monopolized his ener- gies. His work as an agricultural experimenter and leader of the Grange is still remembered. He labored to encour-  INTRODUCTION. XXiii INTRODUCTION. XXiii INTRODUCTION. XXiii age immigration, and was proud of his many friends among the Northern Republicans who came to Florida. He did what he could to encourage education. Establish- ing a school for Negroes on his plantation in early Recon- struction days, he hired John Wallace for teacher. Wal- lace, a slave in North Carolina until 1862, possessed no formal education. But he served for two and a half years in the United States Army, and by the time he was dis- charged at Key West on January 1, 1866, he had picked up a creditable amount of knowledge and had developed -tn innate talent for self-expression. It was out of the relationship between Wallace and Bloxham that the valuable book now reprinted was born; and a certain amount of mystery as to the authorship in- heres in the friendship. That Wallace was a man of great natural talent nobody can doubt. By 1888, the date of publication, he had gained prominence among leaders in the Florida House and Senate, serving twelve years in all. He knew well what he calls "the inside workings" of gov- ernment in the Reconstruction period-perhaps no man knew them better. His honesty in dealing with carpetbag iniquities and Negro "immorality" harmonizes with all that we know of his public integrity. We would wrong one of the finest early representatives of his race if we refused to treat the book as his own. But Bloxham told W. W. Davis that he had given Wallace some assistance, and in certain parts of the volume the aid may have gone beyond mere advice. The text relates, for example, that in the campaign of 1872 Bloxham as Democratic candidate was endorsed by a convention of so-called Liberal Republicans who held fierily extreme views; and with a touch worthy of Gibbon, it adds that "the road looked clear for Blox- ham until his so-called friends took the stump." We can- not help feeling that Bloxham himself may have supplied this touch. The points of view (we must use the plural) in this history are curiously mixed. Although it presents an on- age immigration, and was proud of his many friends among the Northern Republicans who came to Florida. He did what he could to encourage education. Establish- ing a school for Negroes on his plantation in early Recon- struction days, he hired John Wallace for teacher. Wal- lace, a slave in North Carolina until 1862, possessed no formal education. But he served for two and a half years in the United States Army, and by the time he was dis- charged at Key West on January 1, 1866, he had picked up a creditable amount of knowledge and had developed an innate talent for self-expression. It was out of the relationship between Wallace and Bloxham that the valuable book now reprinted was born; and a certain amount of mystery as to the authorship in- heres in the friendship. That Wallace was a man of great natural talent nobody can doubt. By 1888, the date of publication, he had gained prominence among leaders in the Florida House and Senate, serving twelve years in all. He knew well what he calls "the inside workings" of gov- ernment in the Reconstruction period-perhaps no man knew them better. His honesty in dealing with carpetbag iniquities and Negro "immorality" harmonizes with all that we know of his public integrity. We would wrong one of the finest early representatives of his race if we refused to treat the book as his own. But Bloxham told W. W. Davis that he had given Wallace some assistance, and in certain parts of the volume the aid may have gone beyond mere advice. The text relates, for example, that in the campaign of 1872 Bloxham as Democratic candidate was endorsed by a convention of so-called Liberal Republicans who held fierily extreme views; and with a touch worthy of Gibbon, it adds that "the road looked clear for Blox- ham until his so-called friends took the stump." We can- not help feeling that Bloxham himself nay have supplied this touch. The points ofrview (we must use the plural) in this history are curiously mixed. Although it presents an an- age immigration, and was proud of his many friends among rite Northern Republicans who came to Florida. He did what he could to encourage education. Establish- ing a school for Negroes on his plantation in early Recon- struction days, he hired John Wallace for teacher. Wal- lace, a slave in North Carolina until 1862, possessed no formal education. But he served for two and a half years in the United States Army, and by the time he was dis- charged at Key West on January 1, 1866, he had picked up a creditable amount of knowledge and had developed -n innate talent for self-expression. It was out of the relationship between Wallace and Bloxhan that the valuable book now reprinted was born; and a certain amount of mystery as to the authorship in- heres in the friendship. That Wallace was a man of great natural talent nobody can doubt. By 1888, the date of publication, he had gained prominence among leaders in the Florida House and Senate, serving twelve years in all. He knew well what he calls "the inside workings" of gov- ernment in the Reconstruction period-perhaps no man knew them better. His honesty in dealing with carpetbag iniquities and Negro "immorality" harmonizes with all that we know of his public integrity. We would wrong one of the finest early representatives of his race if we refused to treat the book as his own. But Bloxham told W. W. Davis that he had given Wallace some assistance, and in certain parts of the volume the aid may have gone beyond mere advice. The text relates, for example, that in the campaign of 1872 Bloxham as Democratic candidate was endorsed by a convention of so-called Liberal Republicans who held fierily extreme views; and with a touch worthy of Gibbon, it adds that "the road looked clear for Blox- ham until his so-called friends took the stump." We can- not help feeling that Bloxhan himself may have supplied this touch. The points of view (we must use the plural) in this history are curiously mixed. Although it presents an un-  xxzo INTRODUCTION. flinching attack upon the carpetbag regime and all its agents, it expresses a warm loyalty to the Republican Party insofar as that party can be separated from the carpetbaggers. Again, although it deals harshly with many an individual scalawag, its treatment of the native whites of Florida is in general quite friendly; it is the kind of treatment that Bloxham would have accorded them, and here in particular he must have influenced Wallace. Al- though the author does not gloss over the illiteracy, in- dolence, general ignorance, and susceptibility to evil in- fluences found among the Negroes, he is in general a de- fender of the Negro race._.$t times we are tempted to see Bloxham holding the pen, or at least strongly directing it, as in the treatment of the Black Code of 1865; this, states the historian, was a defensible set of laws, for they were not meant to be enforced rigorously against all Negroes, but only to be used in restraint Of the most unruly and vengeful. The assertion that Union soldiers treated the freedmen in certain areas so badly that their former mas- ters had to intervene and rescue them is again the kind of statement that Bloxham could have written more readily than a former slave who had worn the Union uniform. But in this chaotic period, with so much of right and wrong on each side of the incessant conflicts, discrepant judgments and conflicts in points of view were unavoid- able. Only a highly partisan and egregiously simplified history could avoid them. We must wish that Wallace was less vehement in his indictment of the Freedmen's Bureau as a "curse" which operated only to mislead, debase, and betray the Negroes. Deplorable though its political machi- nations were, it opened some schools, built some hospi- tals, and distributed a great many much-needed supplies to the those who needed them. We must wish that more had been said of the good measures which the carpetbag legislatures mingled with the bad. This would have given the Wallace or Wallace-Bloxham volume more balance and comprehensiveness. It would have been well to men- XXiv INTRODUCTION. flinching attack upon the carpetbag regime and all its agents, it expresses a warm loyalty to the Republican Party insofar as that party can be separated from the carpetbaggers. Again, although it deals harshly with many an individual scalawag, its treatment of the native whites of Florida is in general quite friendly; it is the kind of treatment that Bloxham would have accorded them, and here in particular he must have influenced Wallace. Al- though the author does not gloss over the illiteracy, in- dolence, general ignorance, and susceptibility to evil in- fluences found among the Negroes, he is in general a de- fender of the Negro race. _4t times we are tempted to see Bloxham holding the pen, or at least strongly directing it, as in the treatment of the Black Code of 1865; this, states the historian, was a defensible set of laws, for they weere not meant to be enforced rigorously against all Negroes, but only to be used in restraint of the most unruly and vengeful. The assertion that Union soldiers treated the freedmen in certain areas so badly that their former mas- ters had to intervene and rescue them is again the kind of statement that Bloxham could have written more readily than a former slave who had worn the Union uniform. But in this chaotic period, with so much of right and wrong on each side of the incessant conflicts, discrepant judgments and conflicts in points of view were unavoid- able. Only a highly partisan and egregiously simplified history could avoid them. We must wish that Wallace was less vehement in his indictment of the Freedmen's Bureau as a "curse" which operated only to mislead, debase, and betray the Negroes. Deplorable though its political machi- nations were, it opened some schools, built some hospi- tals, and distributed a great many much-needed supplies to the those who needed them. We must wish that more had been said of the good measures which the carpetbag legislatures mingled with the bad. This would have given the Wallace or Wallace-Bloxham volume more balance and comprehensiveness. It would have been well to men- XXiv INTRODUCTION. flinching attack upon the carpetbag regime and all its agents, it expresses a warm loyalty to the Republican Party insofar as that party can be separated front the carpetbaggers. Again, although it deals harshly with many an individual scalawag, its treatment of the native whites of Florida is in general quite friendly; it is the kind of treatment that Bloxham would have accorded them, and here in particular he must have influenced Wallace. Al- though the author does not gloss over the illiteracy, in- dolence, general ignorance, and susceptibility to evil in- fluences found among the Negroes, he is in general a de- fender of the Negro race. At times we are tempted to see Bloxham holding the pen, or at least strongly directing it, as in the treatment of the Black Code of 1865; this, states the historian, was a defensible set of laws, for they were not meant to be enforced rigorously against all Negroes, but only to be used in restraint of the most unruly and vengeful. The assertion that Union soldiers treated the freedmen in certain areas so badly that their former mas- ters had to intervene and rescue them is again the kind of statement that Bloxhatm could have written more readily than a former slave who had worn the Union uniform. But in this chaotic period, with so much of right and wrong on each side of the incessant conflicts, discrepant judgments and conflicts in points of view were unavoid- able. Only a highly partisan and egregiously simplified history could avoid them. We must wish that Wallace was less vehement in his indictment of the Freedmen's Bureau as a "curse" which operated only to mislead, debase, and betray the Negroes. Deplorable though its political machi- nations were, it opened some schools, built some hospi- tals, and distributed a great many much-needed supplies to the those who needed them. We must wish that more had been said of the good measures which the carpetbag legislatures mingled with the bad. This would have given the Wallace or Wallace-Bloxham volume more balance and comprehensiveness. It would have been well to men-  INTRODUCTION. XXU tion the heroic war record of Thomas W. Osborn, the alleged plunderer; for this chief of artillery of Meade's Eleventh Corps at Gettysburg was one of the most distin- guished gunnery officers of the cotnflict, as Colonel Charles S. Wainwright's vivid book, A Diary of Battle, shows. Nevertheless, we cannot ask too much of a work writ. ten so close to the events it narrates, and by an actor or actors in the scenes described. There is ample credit availa- ble for two men in a book so valuable in substance. With all its shortcottings-its confused organization, its weari- som(detail in the delineation of party and factional strug- gles, its want of analytical power, its confusions in outlook -it stands among the priceless original narratives of Re- construction historyjfascinating at many points to the attentive general reader, and indispensable at nearly all to the student. INTRODUCTION. XXV tion the heroic war record of Thomas V. Osborn, the alleged plunderer; for this chief of artillery of Meade's Eleventh Corps at Gettysburg was one of the most distin- guished gunnery officers of the conflict, as Colonel Charles S. Wainwright's vivid book, A Diary of Battle, shows. Nevertheless, we cannot ask too much of a work writ- ten so close to the events it narrates, and by an actor or actors in the scenes described. There is ample credit availa- ble for two men in a book so valuable in substance. With all its shortcomings-its confused organization, its weari- somndetail in the delineation of party and factional strug- gles, its want of analytical power, its confusions in outlook -it stands among the priceless original narratives of Re- construction historyjfascinating at many points to the attentive general reader, and indispensable at nearly all to the student. INTRODUCTION. XXv tion the heroic war record of Thomas W. Osborn, the alleged plunderer; for this chief of artillery of Meade's Eleventh Corps at Gettysburg was one of the most distin- guished gunnery officers of the conflict, as Colonel Charles S. Wainwright's vivid book, A Diary of Battle, shows. Nevertheless, we cannot ask too much of a work writ- ten so close to the events it narrates, and by an actor or actors in the scenes described. There is ample credit availa- ble for two men in a book so valuable in substance. With all its shortcomings-its confused organization, its weari- somdetail in the delineation of party and factional strug- gles, its want of analytical power, its confusions in outlook -it stands among the priceless original narratives of Re- construction historyjfascinating at many points to the attentive general reader, and indispensable at nearly all to the student. April, 1964 ALLAN NEvINs April, 1964 ALLAN NEVINss April, 1964 ALLAN NEvINS NOTES. 1. Kathryn T. Abbey, Florida: Land of Change (Chapel Hill, N. C., 1941-), 293. 2. An account of new economic steps taken may be found in George Winston Smith's interesting article, "Carpetbag Imperialism in Florida, 1862-1868," Florida Historical Quarterly, XXVII (Oct., 1948, Jan., 1949), 99-130, 259-99. 3. The volume by William Watson Davis, of the University of Kansas, The Civil War and Reconstruction in Florida (New York, 1913), one of the products of William A. Dunning's noted seminar on Reconstruction days, is almost purely political, with no material of importance on economic and social change. This is the more re- grettable because the first chapter of the book gives an enlightening exposition of the development of the old slaveholding regime. But the second volume of Caroline Mays Brevard, A History of Florida from the Treaty of 1763 to Our Own Times, edited by James A. Robertson (DeLand, Fla., 1925), offers interesting pages on social and economic history. 4. See Davis, 430-32, 434-37. 5. Text is in Annual Cyclopaedia, 1866 (New York, 1867), 326. 6. Ibid., 326, 327. NOTES. 1. Kathryn T. Abbey, Florida: Land of Change (Chapel Hill, N. C., 1941), 293. 2. An account of new economic steps taken may be found in George Winston Smith's interesting article, "Carpetbag Imperialism in Florida, 1862-1868," Florida Historical Quarterly, XXVII (Oct., 1948, Jan., 1949), 99-130, 259-99. 3. The volume by William Watson Davis, of the University of Kansas, The Civil lfar and Reconstruction in Florida (New York, 1913), one of the products of William A. Dunning's noted seminar on Reconstruction days, is almost purely political, with no material of importance on economic and social change. This is the more re- grettable because the first chapter of the book gives an enlightening exposition of tire development of the old slaveholding regime. But the second volume of Caroline Mays Brevard, A History of Florida from the Treaty of 1763 to Our Own Tines, edited by James A. Robertson (DeLand, Fla., 1925), offers interesting pages on social and economic history. 4. See Davis, 430-32, 434-37. 5. Text is in Annual Cyclopaedia, 1866 (New York, 1867), 326. 6. Ibid., 326, 327, NOTES. 1. Kathryn T. Abbey, Florida: Land of Change (Chapel Hill, N. C., 1941), 293. 2. An account of new economic steps taken may be found in George Winston Smith's interesting article, "Carpetbag Imperialism in Florida, 1862-1868," Florida Historical Quarterly, XXVII (Oct., 1948, Jan., 1949), 99-130, 259-99. 3. The volume by William Watson Davis, of the Uniersity of Kansas, The Civil War and Reconstruction in Florida (New York, 1913), one of the products of William A. Dunning's noted seminar on Reconstruction days, is almost purely political, with no material of importance on economic and social change. This is the more re- grettable because the hist chapter of the book gives an enlightening exposition of the development of the old slaveholding regime. But the second volume of Caroline Mays Brevard, A History of Florida from the Treaty of 1763 to Our Own Times, edited by James A. Robertson (DeLarnd, Fla., 1925), offers interesting pages on social and economic history. 4. See Davis, 430-32, 434-37. 5. Text is in Annual Cyclopaedia, 1866 (New York, 1867), 326. 6. Ibid., 326, 327.  7. SeeGorogeR. Benley, "ThePoliicl AciityofheFred- moen's Bureau 10 Flooido," FHQ, XXVIII (Joly, 1949), 28-37; ajudi- cios ansdtolerant ie. 8. Pool E. Fooloo, "Tho Nosorous Ssoopsoo-Littlefield Fooud," FHQ, XXXII (Apoil, 1834), 231-61, is atillumoinating oocoont of railrooodfinancing ioFloid, 1868-71. 8. Cortsoz A. 31. Foing, "Florida Reoonsroction Impeach- ments5," FHQ, XXXVI (Apoil, 1958), 299-318, treas s ome of Rood's stroggle, so dosoil. 18. "Williom Doooiogsoo Illohoso; 'Tho Voorstostho Goveo- norship," FHQ. XXVII (,joo., 1949), 207-36. 7. Seo Googo R. Boosloy, "Tho Politiool Activity of sho Foood- men's Bureau io Florido," FHQ, XXVIII (Joly, 1848), 28-37; o judi- ciousoondstolerantsiew. 8. Pool F. Fooloo, "Thso Nosorous Ssoopsoss-Lisslofiold Fooud," F8JQ XXXII (Apoil, 1934). 231-61, is ao illoumioasingaccooos of ooilood fiooooing i0 FlIooida, 1868-71. 8. Corsoz A. MI. Eswissg, "Flooido Reoostroosion Imopeach- sssots," FHQ. XXXVI (April, 1938), 789-318, soooss somes of Rood's struggles is. dotoil. 18, "Willioas Doosissgsos Iloolosso Tho Years so sho Coooo- roslsip," FIIQ, XXVII (Jas., 1949), 207-36. 3 . Soo Gorgo R. Boosloy, "Thso Poliical Aoctivity of sho Foood- men's Boroau is Flsorido," FHdQ, XXVIII (Joly, 1848) 28-37; o jodi- ciousoad odloootiew. 8. Pool F. Fosslos, "Tho Notorous Ssoopsoss-Lisslofiold Fooud," FHQ, XXXII (Apoil, 1854), 331-61, is oan illumsinating acooons of oaiload fissoscisng is Flooido, 1868-71. 9. Coosos A. M5. Ewing "Flooida Reostsroooios Imspoaoh- menoss," FHQ, XXXVI (Apoil 1938), 299-318, 0000ts somes of Rood's strugglos is dosoil. 18. '"Williams Dosoisngson Blsoshoss The Yoaos so sho Govos- sooship," FHQ, XXVII (Jass., 1949)1, 287-36  rDI rollFIdcc NOTFS OC-,,1i11., Rule cc. Floecid II..I .. l: 1,1,eIc - -I"lLFec ~ t I c", IfJit ccl 1 cu FAclc h ,d .c ......... I -d I " .. I cc ti cc.ec pd c cco [cccccccilf ccclcccI ILIL litIII. ecciclcc ... I1 ll. IF, ccccc Fcccc I~ ILLc iutcc ,c ,-L, cEL -IL ckct . t dc cceLcE c IIc ... h i, ... ItI'l"d ", II "'t,_,, EccF"" lc cd c lclIecc dIIccccc I, N-lcc t.cc ILL, .1ccccc 11c ... c WlceccII cccc- cccdec Jcclcccc ccI dccLI IFe c Ed l FIccLE hcc,c II ccIcIf, cIL-EcItpcdcccccuIc dc iiicLccccc ...... ~ ~ l~c cc ccppcdcccccIf 1c1,11 11 F Scechccccc, le TEL Le c.....e. 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Ice ellecILLc ....c Fe .. lccccd IF cc ItcEr I" , cc ccpdeecccec I, cf--tccbc11.ccccccccccIIc.,cI ccc .Eccedcdlcclcccdc " I" celced II c I I cI cc Ill L,11 lcc ccc II cccc II" L F I)ITOR I A.L N 0 1 h FEE Ccepce du R.1, ccc FlccecIc . ..l IF....Fic cccccccccc - I .... 1ccccclcccc 1 c lIclcccclcce cccc " Lecccce lclccccccclcclcccccccLccIt IIcdh TILec ccl. -11c 1.-,,,IIdl t 11~~~~~~~~c dccc 11111tFI- ..c -t"I ccccceicc Occc-ccccc ccccdcccccccccc.ccrcccce .ecre IIIII I II I'l d F 111 El"'llFI cI' l IcLcLcc ."I ,,,, .-Ad c I .. l, - L LLc t E l L , S IF 'l IE IIud Ic FLIE Icc IF~ccccccccdc de.ce ccc TELL I Ic ...... cc "L . I," ... ccc.......cce Itue I ppecIec Ac , eucic h ifc LEcc NFL ci III~ ecce Ncgcc cccc *cIcelcc dde c, , l c d ,cgc Jf.cc bccicicc I~LccL Ic cc l,, ?,- cccc cd cIchccidc c I l cel FILE c ..... I L N  EDITORIAL NOTES XxiX EDITORIAL NOTES XXIX strongoooooOatioo. It was itt tioe political Soeld, ohoto offiooto of tho Breau bosooms oogotiiio otryngtoetablish aRopuoblican Potty iot dte Soutth, thot Itits acivte becamet most objectioooble; orid Wollaco gites Mo0s0 ot i attntion to politios, oWtto a vie Sme Poso 55, tINE 8; tV. J. PuomoO. W5illiamo Jaomes Putmaton hod beeo born in Ceterotunt000, Potnntylvantia, St 1840, oaodeuae io theooootttottshoolsoatd Aooooottoogho~odoonthereo. Aftoetoreac- ingoschool,hlestudiedtoowt LockotHavo, Poootthooooa Duintg the ooofio,ttiesereotdstopocialddotyoth W aDprtmntoo uontilhli wastoootstototltto Forido inl865;hbthogaintodtoooank,tor ttany rte latoo tmado slolot to nooo. It 1870-72 he toot Podotol Inttotool tRevonuo Assofo te dXFlooido district, ood it was tomo thit post thaot hoe was elected io 0872 to ire Footy-dhiod Congross, gaininogore eetioto yetrt later to toe Fortyfootth. Ho w000 atmothor first of tho Retuohicaoo Sotot Cootooeos io Ftotido, thenoio 1876-0 of tho Ropohlsoo Notioool Cootmittet. PoAtE 63, toNE 8; dtiohoods ood Soaundoto. Neithot Rishordt 000 Saoodorsotot gaitoed elootioo oo Cotogress. PAso 79, LINE 18: olootiot of Untitod Stoatos Sontor. Florido hod ot oyorsetooatioo io tot Uoiood Sott Coogrett from 1861 to 0060. Rot i0 Jotte, 1868, oho logislaotr fillod ohe vacoocieo toho two toermt to topir torc 3lts, 1869, arid Maooch 7, 0873; Adotoijoh S. Welth of Joacootnoillo toakoog tot fotooto, ood lThoomto W. Osorn of Pootsolo tho lotter. Thenor toho 00xt, 00 Potyhoot Conogreso, Ahijolt Gilbtot of So. Aogootitto toot soated totoerveootil MaotoS 7, 1875. Suoch toot tto political sotfonolo 10 Florida thotorivolcam ats oppeaoed too hotS Othornot ottd Wtlsh's plooto, hot wro re- jestod by the Soott. Sot Coogoessootol Clobo, 41to Coogreso, 2d Sootioo, pp. 7057, 7054, hot someo accooot of the sloaomo. Post 077, soot 37; Bloohooo oho rollied the ma0000 ogoinst Stotrnt. Ohvouooly oil ohoe tology of Bloohoot, whSle iR tho mainR wellmeried, ust ave omedirettly oo iotdirectly from oho a himstelf. PoGSo 178 to, LItNo 6: Osoron, oo wastanxious to he rtuooned olo L Unted Sltt Seotoe. Thit ossout of tho legislotlvo electioR of 1870, ood of Gioveroro Roed's struggle wtolh the "rig" of oorropt toot mismanaOging Flotido offoios, hoo goottol volidity. Bloohoot toot beginonitg to orgaooze dte hootot of coosotootismo, tohich ot Wollooe seostoemoweretidenticlowithotiefoocs oforo tisitobehoted, hoeetattsuchotatmentosthttoottoiog Osborn'sofferoofoa S5,Oo Stilts to o froiood o f c0n0is tooto to toot 0o0 hoottoy osidtoco, ooid Wadloaco offrsothinlg to soubstotat them. The onvrstooo hooe ropooted s-tlooooo lko too tto otodolity of oho roodot. Tho otogrecitloot. It toao io tho polisocl hoeld, whesot officert of oto 0 oureot btootot togotitoot tooytog to 0000aSlitsh o Ropohlicoo Potty d te Sooths doot ito octivotoos hoootoeoootojectionole; ooid Waoloso goves mostt of hot aottenioo to polioics, oith oiewtoo- PAE55, soot 0; 11'. J. Footoot. W0illoom Jootot Poooooo hod 00000 hooto lot Cseoter Cooty, Peooosylvooio, it 0040, otod edocotsd ithcomooschools ooaoooXothooug Aoodomythdero. Afterteach- tng sc ooliStdiod lawot oLockhHaveo, Penoslvaoia.Doingthe tofit i evdon spocool doty aot Wa Deparoten otil ho w totanferdoloridaoio 0865; buthliegined orank, or atoay rae toomds chlio 00 e 00000 to1870-77 hoe toot Fodotol Iottoool teeu Asso orte Fblorida toit, orod it toot from toio pot that lot toot oleteod ito 0077 oo the Fortythoird Coogroess goinong to- elcinto years lot to tho Foty-footh. Ho oos o moeobhr firt of otot Ropohlooo Stote Commoitt000i0 Floojodo, theno lot 1876-80 of of e Ropohliooo Nootootol Comtoteso Post 97, Loot 8; Riochord otd Sosodoto, Noiohot Richoodos0000 Saunders evergaineodelection oCogress. Poso 79, tIN, 18: oleotitoo of Untitood Stoatos Sentoro. Flooido hod ooo rpresentationoinohoonitd StsCongresstool161lo 0050. Rot i0 Jooto, 0060, the legiolototo hilled the vacoancieor otoho two 000m0 to expire iloosh 3, 1869, ooid Maooch 7, 1077; Adooifoh S. Woelco of Jacksonv ilte toakiog oho formero, otd Thoomos W. Othoto of Ptoosacolo tho lototr Thot o tohs Rext, ot Potty-fioo Congres, Ahojoh Cilhet of So, Aogootioe was seoted to sorvo utol Maoosh 7, 1075. Sosh too tohs polita ooofooioo it Florido doot rivol cam 00000 oappeaoed too hooto Oshorn'o otod Wolch's plotot, Sot were re- jectdhby tthoSet. Seeogresoiool Gobo,41stCogoos,7d Ssotioo, PP. 7057, 7050, too tomeo 00000un0 of ohe sloimso. Post 177, soot 37; Booxhoot who rollood the m00000 ogoinot Steotos. ~Obviously oll tho seology of Bloohoo, tohilo i0 the omoio totl merited, toot hav (otot direstly 00 iodioectlyfo m oth ho n hiomsolf. PosotESO to , soot 6; Otboot, oho owos tnouoo to be rttond to the Cnted Stt Sonteo This acott of tho logislotiveoolectioo of 1870, aod of Governor-Red'tstrggl withhtoing"oforrpt meno omotootogiog Plooldo offoiro, hot gootool solidity. Bloohoto toot beginoniog to oogooize dt forcs of consorvotism, tohich 00 Waloooe seesthemooeooooiooislowithttl ors oflorm.ooItoistobe noted, hotootot, dsat sh Stotometoos as dhao coontooniog Oshornos offer ofa $5,00O hoibt too alooed of IMtloooosetoo 00e00000 hoorsoytevidonco, orid Wallaco offes oothiog to sodostntt themo. Theonotootonst hoot toepooted too):i atlsOto tax0 ohs credolioy of tho roodoo. Tho s0000g otootootios it tos o thdo poliiol hold, tohoto offitoot of tho Breauo lotooto oogoioooor toyloog to estaohlish o Ropohliooo Pooto lo tohe Soods, ohot 0otitstiite betoot most ohjectiooohle; ood Waollacetgiotost of st tttonoto poolstowithoaoviewtome- Post 55, soot 0; IV.]1. Potooto. Wolloom Joames Ptototo loot Ittn (:000000ente Coototy, Peotonsoloi, ito 010, ood edosotod in od oooooosohooad ooohog Acodeomydthee.oterteoh- iog school, lot stuodied lot ot LosS Hoasco, Poonnsylvooio. Douriog tho ooli,lie sho vedooo oopecidoal d t oolar Dpaorteotootidhe wasotoanferredoloioio 1865; buohiegoonsd ooonk, oooatooy sote lotot maode sloaot to one. t 1870-77 ho toot Podotol Inteoool Rootoo s seossor too dt Floroda ditrocts aod it toot broot this poot dth ooowa elooted in872tt tothFodoythid Cog es,giinogr- elcintoo 70000 lateo to dte Forto-foorth. Ho toot o moombehr hoost of oho Repohlicoo Sotot Coommittso it Floorodo, ohenio 0876-80 of ohe Repohioao Notioool Commoitte Post 07, LIoo 0; dRichord and Soonder. Noithoto Richoodo tot Soouoders toet goinoed elton to Conogoess. Post 70, soot 18: eletot of United Slotto Stooto. Plooido had orpresetaoonooltht CoitedStatsCongressfrooot1861to 0060. Rot lot Jooto, 0060, oho legislature fillod th vaosocs foo the too toomst o expiot Maoosh 7, 0009, otd Maooth 7, 1877; Adlooijoh S. Welch of JocstoootMe tokiog tho fooroer, aod 'Thoooo W. Otboot of otosolo the lototo. Theottor the 0000, 00 Poty-Soost Conogreso, Ahijoh Glbhoot of So. Aogostioe to-t sootod to 00000 ootil Maorsh 7, 187. Suchtwasothepoliticl coofosioo ioloidoaottiollim-o 0000 oppoooed lot hoth Oshoto's otod Wolohos ploteo, hot were te- jeted hy dt Stooto. Sot Congressioool Glohe, 410t Congress, 2d Sootioo, pp. 7057, 7054, foo tomt ootooot of oho cloaims. Post 177, soot 57; Bloohoo wsho rollied the otoototogotoot Stoorot. Ohvouoly oll the eulogy of Blooltoot, tohilo io tho maoin tooll omerited, omost toot comeo directly 00 indiroosly brom tho toot hioself. PoGSt 128 FE, LINt 6; Osornoooho oosanoos to beortuootd to tho Coited Sootot Sontooe. This acoott of tto legisloatv olootioo of 1070, ood of Cotootor Reedostruoggle toith tho "ring" of oooopt me00 miotootogioog Flooldo offoito, hot geoeool solidity. Oloohoot toot beglinog to oogooioo tho forcs tot toototootiso, whi-S os Waollaco seestoemt wereoidntioloiothteoorsof ormo.tisoto b otod, hootoor, thotsh statementsoas dooattoeiog Obon'sofferofo 55,000 hoibt to o frieood of Mloti seoem otto rest0 on hoooooy evidonco, ooid Waolace offesoothing to soubstantt dto. The oovorsotioos hoot repotob Ntocu It.It o too the credulity of ohe otodos. Tho  XXX EDITORIAL NOTES "Osoon riog" n0 dooht hod ito owo versioo of do vet er e hearsd. This part of the hook, whilo valuable too its owo way, has aomuchfltmietharaceroh antodoocumenoay potons. PAoo 135; hod of ohopter Ithi toob noted foat the votooo hos curious lotu respectig doe yoar 1871, excepfor oo e loo tero maeilopages 153-56 ool preparonso too domtoophmlootoof Govoonor Rood, l to e do boy-oooond Congooss Ropooesentooiv Bool Butleo Massachusettsofferedo acousto piturofoFlortdooatthis tomo. "H-too it ios also doe thtoeav Io'Re'publcan goveno oooo aRopohioan logituroo," hoe said, "boo tho logiltourootopoweooless to potect its meombhoo, aod dol goveor is ineoiciet orowels do excuet oolw" (Congrsonao l Glfobe,.42dogress, lootSsoo, p. 447; Apotl 4, 1871). Bodoor went oot to toy that Charoles M1. Ham-o itnof Maooianno, Florida, o tormooo Uoioo captoio ood amme oftoho Forttoth aod Forty-firt C.ongoossesoho hbomooo oo major general of dol Florida militi, had jost woitteoio ta find iohis ooot) hod boooo murdred yheoKotKluxKlan meroofy hoooose hoowaooo populardo tholi woohf carry a cooig olootton against o eocraotic fofponeono. Butlrolo ledwho ttr from St. Aogostioe dotaioig ooooogos agaoinst loyad oitoton '6y3 disloyal hoodo of ooosi ooogo'o." Such voltoo laongoago soggosts too' heated ooao tho atmospoooo of the tiomt, howo soerioos was heoca deoroolozototooohroooghoot Moooh Of tile South, a;o]od hoaoda oosthotong poortsaoohipoooidoooino \f'.dioo'tfhitoryo. Iifoohoo ary, 1871, Coogooss possod ; hoow stritdo oogoultong dol oectoo Of its membehoo, aod io Apoilit passd doe Ku Klhx Klan Act (U. S. .ffoodooooo Loogo. XVI. 444; XVII. 13t. J'ifoooodoastiooeasoooso'ooe designed to stroogthoo do radicl ovenet int Soothorn stts hos aiding tiho Ropohlioon Pary so elastouprs disordeo. PAGo 217, LIoo 10: S.80t. (.ooooo. iho eforos of Stoo B. (ool ovrto gain .a seat ft tho United Stoe Sooato, fooooratod to dti legitive sesiooono ot 1877 foot hooally oooooooofof to next0, year (sep. 266-77), lflood ,o busy, aooohtooo otopoohog phoysicanooo anti position. Conoto,, a000000 ot Noo Jerseo, owo only 100t we 000 ho bgoo. hot hoe hod hogootuodotog moodicietoo hUivr sity of Pooooohooto, aod too 1863 got ,oo ,oppoitmenooooo in asisatougeoo ho dol oomy. Hts tooic io tooho Aomy of tl un hooood too hi hto oToooooso,.oohoiefood opportoooy'orme oooofy intoo omodioctol depoortoeoo of tfoo Unitooooty of Nsvle gradootiog to 1864. Then heoserved to odliaho ospioofo iPhioh dolpfoto, Ctoointio,,oano Loko City, Florodao. Ho 000 .0 dologoto oboototentttonaloonveoootioofl1868owhtoh gavooridahf he surprisingygood cooootito,oondhisgootedoaoooo enio "Osooo rhog" 00 dooht hod hos oow version of doo evento herere heooood. TIhos poot of oho book, obilo ovoloaboho ts tow 00 aoy, boo a muooh fltmsier chooaotoo thano theodocumentaroy portions. PoGE M:8 Eod of ohoaft. It ft to ho noood otthevlm asacroshituso respoooting doo yoeoo 0871, excetfo so elae maoteilooopaogooes5-o6oilpropara~tionorohtimpeaohmenoo Gooooooo Rood. Ilo tiho Fortyooecood Coogoos, Ropoooenadio Bool BodlerofMassachusettooffeooodo caosticpitouoooof Fhod atthis tmo. "Heoro ito istlo true that W0 have 0at Repouoltoot govooooooood a Ropohbtooto logitureoo"' foo ostof, ''[t te legtoltureoootowels 00 protoot itso ooooohoo, aod dooe gooooooor ft ioofficienoor 00owerless toee oo helw" (Congretooaooo Gfoho, 42d Cootgreoo, lot Soootoo, p. 447; Apotl 4, 18f7. Boutoor oooot ooo to toy doot fChaolos '81. Hoo'- dhao of Maootaoot, Floohida, a foomoo Unoo oopoado aod a0 oooohoo ofthebortodie ~th otfi ogrossos oho hadhbo esonoor matjorogenera~l ofthelordaoomltia,Ioadfjusoot witenomo ha fotoodihh ooolo haodfoooo murdered b hd KitoKluxttlto merooyhoooooofoeoas ooooputloothtoolieoulod(oooy a otootog oltonto ogaiost a Deooratic opponent. Bodoor also tool 000 letter broo th. Aogoodooe doetig outrages agoont loyad ottoooo "bya disloyaldhordeofooemt-savagos." Suchvootooanoguagooouggootshoo hootod was tho atmosphooo of oth tom, how seousoot s~ deorolitiono tfhroogfoot mucoof totft Souofthadfof nvial o'stleodonog pootsooship ovidoot ho Wallaeo's hisooo. lot Eohoo' toy, 1871, Contgress passedfaflawostictyoogulattingoftlefoetiOOf itt membtoot, oad too Aproil it passedo toe Kit Klux Man At 1U. S. Soofdoooo adoLago, XVI. 04; XVII. 13). '1Iftotodoticmesto wr desdgned to oooongtoon tooerada goooooooooo hot dio' Sootootn states, thot aidtog tho Ropoublooan Ptoot, ito well tot to suppretoo dioode. PAGE 717, TINE 18; S. B. (Conover. iho oelocts of Ston on over 00 goto a' setootho Unoteod Staoos Sooateo, foooottedi ti logisloativeoession of 1872 foot finatll successfol tho' nto yer00 ep 288-77), liftfed 0 hoty, amobtooo oaopoohag phfyotcato ooaioa pohhtoo. Conooeoooohtv of Xoo' Joosoy, oas only 00nt0 we tfteowarfbegan,hobtoieoofftbehunotudytingotoltott ttf (Jicr sity ot Pooosyfoooio, aod ho 1863 600 a00 poitetasatn tootistaot sorgoon ote aoromy. Hts toseriei hod Army ofte un hoolood took htio to Tenneoooo', ood hoe foood oppotuootor or stoudy tot toe medical depatomenoot of tt Unitooosity of Nasfhvilleo goodoatiog ho 1864. 'Theo ho oooood ho military hooptloib hia dolphia, Ciotontioto, otod Lobo City, Flortda. Ho 0000 .0 delegato ohoototcnttoool cooooootooofl1868owhoch gavoehFohl ate tooprisiogly good ooottuooho, aod is grateod afont eto XXX EDITORIAL NOTES "Othoot rhng" 00 doobo hod hos ow versio to ote oeots here te- hoorsod. Th part ofth oboook, while valuable ho hos ow way, hot aoooohfliosiooohooacoodrthotedooomentooy potoo. PoGo 155; Eood of ohoptet. It ft to ho otod dtathevlm tasoatuooouoo hituso respecting tto yooo 1871, oxoeptor oo elae mteriaolopages15356tolprparoationsfordotl ipeahmenof Goooonoo Ree.oL th dortoy-eooond Congreos, Ropooooonoo'o Bool Bodoorof Massaohsotts offered aocaosth pitouoo oftlorid toi tomo. "Here it to also true tft weo hoot 0 Ropohttoa govrno 900000od a Ropohlooto logitureoo,'' toe tsot, ''bot otol legislaturo to powerless to protect hos ooembors, ood dh ooevo i0000 ftnhfoicieot orowe00l0e1s to execute doo loot" (fCoongrootioool Glto, 42d Conogotos. It Sessioo, p. 447; Apodl 4. 1871). Buodoo went ott to toy thot Choolos M1. Hoo- io ofootoototo, tFlootda, o fotoott Unot capotin oaod ,oomembero ofthebortohaod ooy-hotongo essoesowhohadhboo se'tooto maojo gooralotheoFlootddailtahadjutoro'tenoobitdot a frtendhtiotoohiscunyhodototooudorodhbydtoeKtKlux Klan merelyhtbecauho'tlioeowosoodpopua hliouoldooary.'tomhng oloo against a Deototoh oppone'n. Butdoo obso road too 1000000 from St. Aogoostooe dotaidhng ootoages ogahoot hoyol ohtoooos 'ito; distoyalthodofoemt-savg."Sohtolenlagugooggoos boo heoatod',sotoefaoooperooo otheotimeo.fooseoutwaootooi'al deorao ttot hooghout tootl of ohoe Soothooto ow ootto ab waoho soooog poottisnhtipootvoototoi Waloloo'o hottooy. Ilo Flto ooy. 1871,.Congressopassedalawo stritlyoogotlotogtoofoletoooof itt memobers, aodhitApril itpassed tdeoKo Klux Klan Aot (U. S. Sftfftof a Looto. XVI. 04; XVII. I3). Tfesodatficmotosurosoooeoe desigood to troogoftoe h rado totho gooooooooof h Soodooto states, ofoot atding tto Ropofoto ot Patyp aswlla0 t uprs dtooder. Poto 2t7, cooE 18; S. B. (0n00e0. The ortoofo St,000 B. Coot over to gaino seat ho oho Lithd States So'oaoo, fruotootod tti loghioltototootio ot 1872 hot fintlly toototofoltoho 00x0 000 se p 768-77), litod 0 busy, omtioto oopoobog plopototoot to a aioa pohitton. Conoooo.oooht of Noo Jersey, was only tooty oheo otoooofrtbgan, btliet adfeg untsodyig meicietatototo se stty of Ptnosylvania, aod ho 1863 got aoooppoooentoooo cin asttsurogeooohith aooy. Htsseooohoi hoeo Aooyoof doe Cum- beolaodtokbhto oTe'ooosso,oondlhefoood opportoohy frmr stody iho d moeodtoat dopatmeto of do nest y Lhhof ot hile goodoohiog too 1864. Thoot ho oeoved to mtaroy hoghoolbonPhla dotphia, Ctncinotioo, otod Lako Cty, Elootda. He ott o tdefegate 0dto t otittoot ovetoonho of 1868 ohtch 8000 Floohdfarahe surpisingygoodoocottutio, adhisgrantedttfoootote eto  by WV. W. D)avis is acon of sats gasheisg. ConovIAer'servc in theSate ass udisigusishedA. IIsdealingswithsteeves of 1876 inFloiaDavis trsshim onesfherputd fiendssof sbsm ihi h Republican Posty, addissg shat sbs precise shape reform wossld oahs essr bee clear. Oes o sscadidats fos ss-slsssisss is 1879% hss rail fss governor is 1880. Aftss his As- featsby Blsslo,liesssovessdtostheStaoWahingtonsasdsr- sumed tbs pracice5 of ssdidsss. As Wallace sstes, a uc assbleris man5, Wilkinssos Call, aConfelderate veterans of hine secssd asnda nepew f ireenincitRishard Ksith Call, ssccssdsd to his seat is, PAGEs 719, rss 24: The lSa XXw ssn fos Ase J~spshli,,ss. All ovsr the ssssssy in 18741ass tisss was rIising strongl, Xandsth long-seing people5 of ts Souh,afflicted hy so mucsh m5isrule, plucked tiL Aspes Ths sssidsssssssss so manfst 5 is ths Noh jst aftersthsXwrs bbing, arid a55more5X reaonbs atituXde toward tbs Sosshsss whitess was beossing sevidsst. A Deossssstis Hose sof Reprss ntasive Ib hsnadtis fass gaveth stes beow Ma sosn~s a5rid5 Dio'iesmeasrneo prsotsction. IsI Alabamo a Arsassss nseratvs carriesd the elections; is Ssuth Casslsns pledged ss one-i rfmssrd is Flssida arid Lssisiana Ase sosgin Ay swh Ase sld ssgsime was sustinsd was sssssow. Its ssideslsevenst Prsisdess Cssot shs hasd gone to extremes lengths is 1873 As ksspssg thss sscsbhassd carpetbaggers As poswer is Loushi- Ass, shas slss policy si tss Aslminsistrsaio would hoss ts As sssdi- fisd. Is, Askasas stsss yearl I setdt riclamn oth govessshsip, bshs Baxter, arid pssrmittsd tbs coservative candi- dste,JsephBsooss, sotksdsssssssscuivesssis.ssans'sssssLsss sgso (Cssgssss wosuld insdiscsss Isis ssssbiss thass fsdsssl inter- fesesse Ay fssss As sbs Ssouthern statss was bsssssinsg sunpopular PAGEs 277, ELNE 24:he As., P., &Al.1., osslsoad. lbs attsentiss owgissss ss she Jacsonvssille, Pesacolash A- Mosbils assd shs Flssidas Centsslsrailrsculdslspossiblslsbesasidlsohavssis heathysidesissa resliztionshssst, as Rsssbsss I. Patrick statess, "tasportationssass stss hsy fss spensing tbs potentiaslities sf lssida" (Flosida Usdss LFise lasgs, 67); is cesrtainly had as unshealthy sids is opsssing a wids dosr ss ssssspsisss. Alshssgh by 188s Flssia wsas seseisissg anEvr l~saer tours~sistsffcsrvr rdssltal stesmboshsresssstillsthemins veil ssof sssvl. Bsfsss 16l sbetssssssss sf siss Isntsrsal Imsprove- meritFunhlslbasdlslsssssditss lrlssd bsdssiossalads. 'Fls fsew rasilsssds ssse oI cossse bansksups at ts ssd sof shsar ardwessld. Unpsaid bsssdhsldsss hads svalislsaimostatss EDITORIAL NOTES XXXI EDITORIAL NOTES XXXI by W5. W./ Dssis Asl hAs accountsostsas gashssinsg. Cssssss's sssscs iss heS enas e wsssssssdishsgs~hsd.SIssdeaslingswithbthsssossf 1876 is lossisds, Davsis ssssss hiss sos sf shs sspsssd frissds sof ssissss withiss tbs Rspublisas Pssty, ad~dinsg sas shs psssiseshsps ssessrm ssssld ohse as sssss bssss slseas. Hes ot a5 candidates fss ss-electiss is 1879, Ass rail fss governor5 is 1880. Afsss his As- featsby llssbsss,bhesremoved to s at o fWshisgossasdsse- sssssss shs practice sf sssssisisss. As Wlslace~ nsotss, amc be ssos, Wilhissss Call, a Confedatess ssesssan sf Lssssssssrd arsssa nssphssw sf stss emsinent Riscsasss Ksists Csll, sssssssdsed t ieti stss Sena,s LAGs 219, LINE 24T Ths Slst wss ssssssd for tihs Republicans. All ssss Asse ssustsy As 1874 s sew sitls was sisissg sssssgly, ssd shs lssg-suffsigpsplsoftireSouths,afflictedhbysosmss hsisrl, pluchsd sp hsps. Ths vinsdictiseness ss manifst iss shs Nsrtb jso aftssers sirs warws slibisy, osd a mores resonasble stsissds ssosad shs Sssussess bhits wso bsssomissg evident. A Deocrats~ic Hoss of Rsessssssssasiss swas csess, assd shss fsst gavse shs .sstasss belsow 715,ssss assd Disxsn's lisss ssssse assssrsnss sof pssssssisss. Iss Ahlsbasssa osid Arssoss vativssssoied Ass elsctios; As Ssutb Casssisa siresssssshssse a XsoesXI sbs, thosgh ssssissslly asradical,wa plsdgsd to ossssssstsss ssessrms; arid As Flssidas arsd Lssiansa tbs smarsgis lsy swsiscs slss slA ssgisss swss sstineds was narrows. Is ws evsdsst evno ssrsesidenss Csos, sshs adA gone to extreme lssgths is 1873 is, ksspisg Ase sssA-basd carpetbasggers is power iss Lshsi- arias thas Ls plicy sof ths Admssistrssson wossld loss ts As sssdi- lisd. Is Arshas stsat year lis dserteds stss radil sclaimants sss As governsh~si, Elisss Basstss, assd Lpermited slss cossssssss e c5i Xai- date, Jsephb Bssshs, ssak she Assessusiss ssinss. Grass's ssssmes sasgsso Cssgssss would Asdicates hAs realizastion tsas feseasl Assss Issssss hy fossssissb teSssdssssn ssssss was besomihg sunpspsslss e iywhlsss. PAsEs 277, sINs 21: the J., P'., & Al., rairsdssA. Ths ,sssssssss now gisssssostss Jasonhssill,LPesacssas9 lsilsasdstisehlsidas Centralailroads(cold possiblylsasidlssosveis healhy sidesinsa ssaizssdos ha,sRecoslcssW 9SKEisssstsssss,"ssrasspssotaisnsss tibs hsy Iss spsssisg sbs pssssssialisiss sof lossids" (lossida Un dss Fiss lasgs, 67); issssrtaisly sad sss unhalthy sids is sosenisg X wids door to corruptions. Althsssghs by 1880 Flssidas receivin~sg aXXeer largss tourist traffic, sivss ond ooastal .steaboas werssstoill shs sssins vehilsofltravel. Before1861stse sssruses oflth InrnassllImprov- m enFud abasddsecrdi ofsrild bondsostatesslands. lbs fss rasilrosds wesre sof cssss bankrupt at lbs ssd sof Ass war, arid sess ssld. Usspsid bssdhsldsss hsdavlicamolste by W. W. Davsin his acsssuns sof that gatheinsg. Cssssss's sssics As Asse Sensts waXs undistingushesd. Is dsslisg ssish sss ssssss 5f Ilhs7i loriasDaisstsrms himsossssfshssspssdlsiesdssf reorithsisnstss Rspsblisss Partly, sddisg thot sbs psssiss shape ssessrm wossld ohse has nevss been clsss. Hes ot sscasodidate flssssslsassil iss 1879, bst rail fss gssssssss is 1880. After his As- festsby Blssho,Assesssssdsssbsoh staefWshngtonandsr- sXrnsd Ass Lpratsc sf medichn. As Wa'llace note, a ssssA ablss ma5il, Wilhisss Call, a Confederaessra ssos sin Assor ssssss ss nephewsofltireseminentRbsdtlKeihCal, succssdedst ssstsss tiss Senates. PAsss 719, LsNs 721 Thse Sat wss ,sssisd for the Republicans. All sssssthsssssstsyis 1874 s ssss sids swas rsinstosgly, arid sbs long-sufferingepsslesofteSouthd, aflictedby sossmucshmsrl, phskd uL hspe. Thse vhndicthiveness sosdsssfes sn ss North jst afss tsse ssr ss ebbing, ssid a more rsonXable attitsds tow~a shs NSssthss sste wsbcmnevdoss. A OssssssArai Hossssf Rsprsssssstivess wa ss sn arssd this facss gAX Ase ssssss belsow Msos sssd Dio' iesm ssssss sf Lrotection. Is AlXaba ssid Ashsssas sscoservtivs scss-sd doe slestisss; As Ssssh CaXinas stss voters chsssagsssssss shos stsssgh ssssinlly as raica, ws plegs t oneratv ssors ad As Flssidas osid Lsshiana sbs marXgAn As sis tiss old regime wass sstashned sss sassss. Its is 1873 ss keepisng Ass ssssbbisssd ssspstbsggsss is, Lsosss As Lssisi- lisd. is Ashansss tat year As dsssssd tbs oissl sclaimasnsssssts gssssssrship, Eblshs Bassor arsd pssmihssd Asse cssssvatiss sosd- dat, Jsephb Brsssh so sak As e Ass uiv resin shs. Grsos'snet i sageso Cogrssswould ssin ssdica sissaltio stst fderl inte- fssssss by fssss ss Ass Suthsern stass wXs bssssmsnsssnpopula EAGE 277, LNE 24 t L .., & Al., railroad. Ths attessthss sss'gisssssodss Jacshsnsslls, Pessacl o bsA lasdstselsida Centra aloadssould pssibly bsaidstohavss hasssy sidesiss sodlisstiss tasos Rssshost W. Latssch States, -transpoatinX a shs hsy fss opLnin Ass ssssssalisties sf lossids" (Flossdas 'sdss Fiss lags, 67); it ssrtaosls had ais unhealthy sisde As spssisg a wide Assssssssssrpssss. Alshsugh by 1880 Flssidas rece55iving Xir vr largssssssristtraffisssssvesai sssssal steamboatss were still thbs ai vehlesof ssrsssl. Bsfosss86lheltrsssssssstsesIsssssslsImpsvs- merXi FudAhad aAsS scit of ailroadbonsoistateXlad. Tbslsewsrailrsadsswssssossose bsshssptsasstsessdsofsthsws, osid wessssds. Unspaid bssdhsldss aol s valid slsiss lstt  lantds, hot thes tats goovernoent mde otuccssfol efforst to totrn its lantds ioto ttoney. It waot importn otorehabilitat ood extentd the railroad, andfotthistak tescarptbggertrgimestsoioeveytwy unobtted. Not unttil 1880 toors the grea tscesful railway buoildes, Henry B. Ploant ond enrty M. Eloglos. to oppeot. PAGE 334, tINE 7: Eosh porty soot hod the'ir toodidotet. The electiott of 1876 toot stojood by iotimoidotioo, ojolotnos, ottd hooud, both potis beiog goilty. Ttto Dotmocroto took stopt to prevent Negtos froot votitog by tytstooaticolly plaooed oottoget osd tbooott of stern otioo-reprisltofilepolltootd lossofotemployetaftos- toordt. Thoy tots to it tbot sooty tohito mailt cst tit botlot. Gteot tootbtrt of ptintsd bollott toero ditriboted oaoongth osiittots, tobito attd cototed, ood Ntgoet toeto bidden: "Vote tbit if y00 kot what it healthy foo you. It youo refuso, you woill take thebone qoetts." Ths Repoblioottaos'r eqoolly ootsooupuooo. Stotet Rotobost W. Potrick (Five Flogo, 59), 'oooo'fol ploottiog resulted ioomaya Deocrticitoy. Aodingto ootoy,the Deocatosotationed o confodorte iooa book rooo oh the votiog plooo woitb o topply of ballots ood o ballot boo otomost ideooticol to tbioeoialoe. Atosbtc oootecat bistballot,tbtoooemotisp- tot yelled 'Cbeck!' ood tbe bok-rooootootkosodroppsoloprpaood bollot itnto bit boo. 'lbs Deorts bod otodo tssr tto lootp wooold ho osoiloble, otnd ito tbs dosktos ofters tbo votittg bod ottdod, tho froodleot bollot boo toot tobotitotod too tho legol otte." Itt ototy precints,bhowever, theletiontsfailyoduted. POSES 339 FE' LtoE f: Btefore tho polls cosotd. Wolloco it lms otoqosttiotoohtycorsso'tio decloritng thot Tlildents otonogfolly do- ptiosd of tbo sltoraosl ooto of Flooido. Ho toot coooted oot ino thbsttebytwhot C. Vtt Woodwaordtetttst"flogroantly patisant aod arbitary decisions." S.DB. tLinooftheloidalturnting oad lateosdecloredthtbotiesbodbomeooooinctsod tbotbstte'tslec- toraltvotssoldbhavebeenost forTilde,oatdlthoughbPrei- detot Hoye otreotod tbs totstamet wth ootemopt, fLino toot right. 'Tbs cosotototo of opinioo aong hitoisiot it thot Hays toot reolly eotitletlto teltort fromtLouisianaoaodSouthbCaolina, but thot Tildott tboofd boos rsesti'sd tte Elosido solo, obiob woold boss toodo tuto President by 188 to 181. hot W8oodwaord, Roosioo ondReootion, 19 iff fortojuodiciootsiew. loodt, bot tbes tte governmtttst tmadeotunscoessfl sffoots to toon ts lans ito moonsy. It toot important to tehobilitote otsd extettd tbs railroad,oondforthbistastheo ptbggerrgimeasiseveywy unfitted. Notountilt1880wertheb gretsueosflolroilwaoybildrs, Hettry B. Plotnt ood Hettoy M. Etoght, to oppeor. PoGs 334, tLots 7t bosh potty 000 hod their sotndidoat. Ths electioo of 1878 too tained by intimidotioo, 'sioleoss, ood frood, hoth poote heitog goilty. The Dsotocrats took stes to prevent Negroes ooovotinogbytytemaoticolly plooood otrgesooandtooets of stern action-reprisals at tbs polls atd toss of emtploymenot ofter- waordt. Tbey toto to it tbot sooty tsbito tooil st bit bollot. Groot noumbstoflpitedkoalootswereditibtdaog tohct'toot, tobite otod solorod, ottd Negos toots biddets "Vots tbit it 300 bot whbot is healthy foroyo. If you refuse, you lob take tcootse- qoents' The Repoblics'o wereoeqoottyottunsruploot. Stotet Reollbst W. Potrick (Fiso Flogs, 59y, "sosefol plototing resulted inomaoyoa Deoratoisvictory.Accoordingto oo story, te Deoctosttioneood o coofederoto i0 o book toots of tho voting Floss wsith o topply of bolloos otod o bollot boo olmot idoticol to tiofficialoe. Atsoeachvotrotat hisbalot,sb theDeocratic ioopso' too yelltd 'Cbeck!' ood tibs book-toots workes dropped o prepored bollot into bit toot. 'fTse Deoots bod maods tssr tto loop wooltd beoovoilabl,oond inttbredorknessaftersde otino h adonded, tb froodoletot bollot boo toot tobttitoted hot tbe legol otto." Itt tmoty preciontcttts, evroh election wsfohlyondocted. PAGSt 338 so, LINE 8 Itefsooe the polls slooed. Wolloos it olmoot unoqoestiontoblyorsect ho decloiog thtot Tildeo toot wontgflly do- prived ofthbseletorolsooteofloidao.H waotooo edsothin thestlots bywtsbCo. VtsoWoodwardoloters"flgraty prtisanoaod orbitosry decoisioos." S. B. SloLin of thot Eloida~ Returoing Board lt'rodecsarddttbohd beoessoovioced thottbesotatsoec toralsovottbsouldbhave boos cstt forsiden, adalhoughbPsi- deot Hoyes treoted otsotoet witb cootemtop, SoLi s ootoght. Thesconstttot of opittioo aottotg bistoriottt it thot Haoys toot reolly eotitld tootsoletott fromsLouiianaadhSouth Cooina,hot thot ildentsthoold boss receited tte Elorido soote, whicht tsould boaveooade bim Presidoot by 188 to 181. hot Woodwartd, Reunooion oandReoction, 198 8, foroojudicious views. lands, bot thbstte goverotet tmode unotossful shfoots to loturt laods onto tooey. it toot imoportool to rebobilitote ood extetsd the raolroods, ond for th totE tbe sorpetbogger rsgimes otvoeooy tsoy unfitted. Not until 1880 toots the greoatsuccssfol roilwoy boiders, Heoty B. Ploot aod Heosy SI. Ploglos, to appeo. FAsE 334, LtNE ft Eoth potty sowt hod their coodidotet. Tbe elecon of 1816 toot stoioed by inoitidotioo, violeoc, ood frood, botht portis beiog goilty. 'lbs Deorto took loosoprevenO~ts Negos hrom votiog by tyttotomatically plaonod outraget ond threots ofternotssion-reprial tthbpollstoodlosstofsepoymtter- waordt. Tbey tots to it thot sooty tobite ma00 catt h bollot. Geaost nutsbes of prioted baots toots distributed aong lbsctzes whlite ottd cofored, ood Negos were biddent "Vowe thit if 300 kot obt it beoltby lot yoo. If yoorefots, yoo woill toke toessoo- qottost." The Repoblicottaos eequolly untscruplot. Stotet Rootbost W. Pottick (Fist Flogo, 59), "cooefol plottoiog rsutlted ioooooyoaDeoroatticviory. Acording to ostoy,lto Demoorots sttonoed o confederote ho o bock toots of tr votiog plots wth o supply of balos ood o bollot boo oaomost idticassl to bhe offioil one. At soch solos cst bit bollot, tbe Deocratic kopso too yelled 'Choe!' ond tbe bock-roomt worker dropped o prepored ballotkontobisbox.The Demosoasobodtmadesuretoo lamtptwould bealboole,oaod inthesdorkoess ofterstbesotiogbadsodd,dthe froodolent btollot boo toot tottttituted for the legol oe" fo maony preciocst,bhoweverthefelectiootwsoof'ilyonduotd. PAGS 339 to, tLINE 8: Beores Ohs polls closedi. Woalose s alos otnqoetionooblyorreot ito declorinog otoot Tildeto 001 wontgfully do- poisod of thehelcoral soote of Elotido. Ho toot coooteout 000 theotaote bywtoC.hotot Woodwaord ters"flogranolyporsanooood arbitrory decsionso." S. B. NlsLio of obe Foidao Retooninog Board loter declored 11001 bie hod beomoto conovinced thot tobstaote's slts- toa ots should boss beeo cst too ideno, ad although Poohi- detot Hoays treoted tho taotement toith cootetopt, MolLio toot rigbo. Tbe coosootot of opiotioo aong hoittoriotot isthabt Hoys toot really entildootheseletorstfomtkoiianaand outhbColinao,but thot Tildeot soold boss recei'sod obe Elorido soote, whbicb ould boot otode bits Prsideot by 186 to 181. hot Woodwaord, Reonioo ond Reoctioo, 19 ff, fortojudiiootsiew.  CARPETBAG RULE IN FLORIDA. CARPETBAG RULE IN FLORIDA. CARPETBAG RULE IN FLORIDA,   THE INSIDE WORKINGS RECONSTRUCTION OF CIVIL GOVERNMIIENT By JOHN WALLACE, THE INSIDE WORKINGS OFTI BY JOHN WALLACE, WEE:: THE INSIDE WORKINGS IN FLORIDA AFTER THE CLOSE & By JOHN WALLACE, Price $1.60. Price $1.50. Price $1.50. - ~ -T R1-: :  WK, JOHN WILLICE. JOHN WAI.I.ACE. JOHN W2,11.11,  CARPETBAG RULE IN FLORIDA. THE INSIDE WORKINGS CARPETBAG RULE IN FLORIDA. THE INSIDE WORKINGS CARPETBAG RULE IN FLORIDA, THE INSIDE WORKINGS OF THE Of THE OF THEK RECONSTRUCTION OF CIVIL GOVERNMENT IN FLORIDA AFTER THE CLOSE OF THE CIVIL WAR. RECONSTRUCTION OF CIVIL GOVERNMENT IN FLORIDA AFTER THE CLOSE OF THE CIVIL WAR. RECONSTRUCTION OF CIVIL GOVERNMENT IN FLORIDA AFTER THE CLOSE OF THE CIVIL WAR. BY JOHN WALLACK BY JOHN WALLACK BY JOHN WALLACK   PREFACE. Th 44444444eekw-44,4444444444aolin44444 hld4nt4 ,86 , e he ,4d 44i4 l p hil -, l4ursie- 4peatngwthhi4am against ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ 4 th Cofdrc4, htS - 1,wntt ahntn .Ci, hc h 4,4..i th 44 Unte date Arm .I it, 1 4 4 4.gro 4 M3 44, h Seon United 444444 Stn4u . tTct, ae nta t., ... 44 tw4444444 a ,ii. 4444 moth i4 that reimnt whic wil engge in th4 p4 ltml 4 f th 4 444 , 444f 4 the Unte 444- 4t K,,4 Wes J4111 It4S,64h4,nlt al whre Ill 4ao 44 - 44r up t 4 this perod Il had 4,, c 4whl ad bd h b ...,44 fit 44 If 4 4444y 0-1 4~ 4ot , ,iae 44- d l PREFACE. 444444444 th44 444444444 ...y44thtStt4H4en4444444-,D Cafe wil he 44444444 enee th444 United44 ftt Aryo 4,it fAgA,83 uitgi h Se~~~ ~ ~ ~ 4d Unte Store.,4 44,,, 444scie n hti, n - dto e n idl mate in tha 4emlt hc .,eggdini, -io ftr fae.- n lrd 4444444 th444 y4n , ,tteeryp tof8iD , c feth 444444444 4f th 44 United 44444444 44c ~ 444t44 4e W- 4444444,44.h 4retrnd 44441, 4444wher4he4hass44444e.id4d4ii t4444i 44,i444. 44444444 44d4.di 44o4hie m444444444 444444m 444444 444444444444 44 44l .... 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PREFACE Th autho 4 f thi wor 44s bee i4 444444 Caroina 44d hel 4s .44 444.-4 until4444 4 4 4 4 4444 ,86, 4444444444444444 4444444e44444 h4 read hi44,wit4444B...id4a4oeatn it .am against 4444,44 t 4h44 Confederacy444 44 that44 4444l -44444 went t444b .Catr h44etere4t4 United4 4444444 ,44444 y In44 t4444 44444h 44f 444444 4063, 44 444 inth Second44 44ate Star,,, 444 ...4 44444 Troop. 44444444 i 44 tha 4444, a 44d44444tw 444444d M,44.4444444 mon4ths 44 4i444 that44 r4444iment,4 whic w-4ngge4i444,4peaton, 444tll 4 44444444Forid4i44444y 864,444old4444,44early4p4art44f44,4444444 444444444,,,4t44 4444444 4f th44444 Unte Slade4, .44 .44444 44t Januar 44444.h tl e oWhls 44-, 444444444444444444 4444I,444sne4444 pt ti pro, ehd ,co-owhl 44444444 444d h4444d 4 h 4444 4444444 4f .144Y ch.444.1fl i - ih, 444444,, th 4 army, 44d 444444444444,44 acquire whtkoldeh44y , et rn str std 4 t night,4 44 h444 ch tuic be 4 w4-4 nuelo t44 cl. 4i 44ou 4f injury4444444 4 44444 44 4 t44444444444y4444444 rsba 4444444 f444 4a4 44444444e,44 no., 444444444,44444 41,34till4eemy44t th444444 battl 44444444f Fort44444444 My,,4lria Hs444cadi~ Iita f ep~u knowledg i4ff4ar44 444444444444444444 4444444 thswr4ra,4big osatyi tlrdt th44444 4,,.,fh 4444444 f this period H44 44 i t~pmtd 44444f444 t 4444444444444444444 44444444444...4I4444444444f44 sS,444d4 upon4till44444444l44 If t,444 444444 -444444 444te C 4444 ... 444 Will 4 f 444444 LenConyt44aitlIfte4tre44444-f- w yta 44444444444444444444444 elete 44 i4444444, onl fil'Lgl-11,1 1u o, ya, n 4444444444 444te t444 th 444444444 Senate 4h e h 444444444444 44e44 444444 light4444Y444 4444 b itin 444444444444444444444 444444 4444 till 4 public th 444444444 raterd-ro 44te ptt 44 work4444 ru4d4 wi4t44444444444f44 rhetoric44444h44 wou4444444 ir4444444444444444444444444 4f44444 ., 4444 44ate abili4ty wou4l44d44 4444444 t4444 -hLnue44,II4os ..Ia m 44u- - h44 judged woul i- 4 l4 ,4d,, .44 fai 4aoa~ 44f 4t, 44444444 4444444444 4 444444 44444 14444444444444444444444444 tool4444444 4 4444444444444444444ed n hetileIfil, rk 4 Th44 des4gn444 f444444i44t4o4 correct4444444444 ried44 and4c4.........4444444444 ...4444 that 4444444444444444 4444g44,4,4t4t444,44word4that44,,444r,,, 4whe 44444444444h4d44 44 f good4444444 4444 ... 444444. and44444 44-f. 4444444 che 4444 a was l44 ....4 pill,444 ,44d4444444444t4444444 that,4altho4ugh4they4h4444be4n444r444444than44t44444d44d yer 444444 , 4 f tha trai4n4 ng calculate t4 fit44 4444 .4 penl, for 4 iirai 4 n gra -444 44444444 puli lik I4 e. ye4t4444444 thei 444444444 wit .4444 4 lihtn4 rac thug 4 4444444444 4  4 PREFACE. originated corruption and enriched themelves from the earnings of the people of the State from the year x868 to 1877 ; that the loss of the State to the National Re- publican Party was not due to any unfaithfulness of the colored people to that party, but to the corruption of these strange white leader termed "carpet baggers;" that the colored people have done as well as any other people could have done on- der te same circumstances, if not better. This work is further intended to prove that notwithstanding the blunders of the e-slavehoder towa.rds the colored pe- pl, the deception ad betrayal by the carpet baggers of the colored people into the hands of their former msters, yet they, like the thunder-riven oak, hae de fied the stom which has now spent its terrific force, ad like a caravan of deter- mined pioneers cutting out highways in a new country, the Negro is layingthe fondatio for diilizatio that shall be fully equal in every respect to that of say other race, or people ; and that the ascendancy of the Democratic party to the State goverment in 1877, has 0 ped a blessing in disguise to the colored people of lorida. Respectfully, JOHN WALLACE. originated corruption and enriched themselves from the ernis of the People of the State from the year I88 to 1877; that the Ios of the State to the National Re- publica Party was not due to any ufaithfss of the colored people to that party, but to the crruption ofthe strange white leaders tered "carpet bogifer.;" that the coloed people have done as well as any other people cold have done un-. der the same circumstances, if not better. This work is furthr intended to proe that notwithstanding the blunders of the ex-slaveholder towards the colored peo- ple, the deception ad betrayal by the carpet baggers of the colored People into the bands of their former masters, yet they, like the thunde-riven oak, have de.. And the storm which has now spent its terrific force, and like a caravan of deter- mined pioneers cutting out highways in a new country, the Negro is laying the fonndation for a civilization that shall be fully equal in evey respect to that of anyj other rac or people ; and that the ascndancy of the Democratic party to the State government in i877, has proved a blessing in disguise to the colored people of vlorida. Respectfully, JOHN WALLACE. oiginated corruption ad enriched themselves from the earnings of the People of the State from the year 868 to 877; that the Ioss of the State to the Nat io na Re- publican Party was not due to any unfaithfulnes of the colored people to that party,ut t the corruption of7these strangewhiteleade t ed "carpet bagge;" that the colored people Iav done as well as any other people could hav don u- der the same circumstances, if not better. This work is further intended to prov that notwithstanding the blunders of the ex-lavholder towards the colred pe- ple, the deception and betrayal by the carpet baggers of the colored people into the hands of their former master, yet they, like the thunder-riven oak, have de- fied the storm which has now spent it, terrific force, and like a ca , of deter- mined pioneers cutting out highays in a new country, the Negro is laying the foundation for a civilization that shall be fully equal in evry respect to that of any other rc or people ; and that the ascendancy of the Democratic party to the State govesrnment in 1877, has proved a blessing in disguise to the colored! people of Floria. Rtespect fully, JOHN WALLACE.  CHAPTER 1. The Formation of Civil Government After the War. The Address and Proclamation of Provisional Governor Authorizing tk Election of Delegates to Amend the Constitution. The Number of Delegates. Negroes Excludedfromn Voting by Governor's Proeamation. Election Held. Number of Votes Cast. On July 13th, A. D). 1865, President Andrew Johnson ap- pointed William tMarvin, Esq., as Provisional Governor of Flor- ida, to proceed to establish civil government. The President embodied in the commission of the Provisional Governor an in- junction that no person should be allowed to vote for the dele- gates to any convention called by his authority who was not a qualified voter before the toth of January, A. D. 1861-or, in plain words, that no negro should be allowed to vote at said election. It will be noticed hereafter that although there were hundreds of negro soldiers garrisoning diferent parts of the State, who had shared, in common with their white brethren, the fatigues, sufferings and dangers of war and the battle field, and a great many of those inhabitants and natives of Florida were enrolled and mustered into the service of the United States, had marched and fought side by side with the First and Second Florida Cavalry, two white Federal regiments raised in Florida, they were called upon and commanded by the President of the United States to aid, encourage and assist in establishing a gov- ernment in Florida which excluded them from enjoying the same privileges that their white brothers enjoyed. The Provisional Governor carried out in letter and spirit the President's procla- mation, and issued an address to the people of Florida setting forth his duties and the duties of the voters. The address and proclamation of the Provisional Governor are as follows: To THE PEOPLE OF FLORIDA: The civil authorities in this State having engaged in an organized rebellion against the Government of the United States, have, with the overthrow of the rebellion, ceased to CHAPTER 1. The Formation of Civil Government After the War. Te Address and Proclamation of Proeisional Governor Authorizing the Election of Delegates to Amend the Constitution. The Number of Delegates. Negroes Excludedfrom Voting by Governor's Proclamation. Election Held. Number of Votes Cast. On July 13th, A. 1. r865, President Andrew Johnson ap- pointed William Marvin, Esq., as Provisional Governor of Flor- ida, to proceed to establish civil government. The President embodied in the commission of the Provisional Governor an in- junction that no person should be allowed to vote for the dele- gates to any convention called by his authority who was not a qualified voter before the toth of January, A. D. 1861-or, in plain words, that no negro should be allowed to vote at said election. It will be noticed hereafter that although there were hundreds of negro soldiers garrisoning different parts of the State, who had shared, in cotmoon with their white brethren, the fatigues, sufferings and dangers of war and the battle field, and a great many of those inhabitants and natives of Florida were enrolled and mustered into the service of the United States, had marched and fought side by side with the First and Second Florjida Cavalry, two white Federal regiments raised in Florida, they were called upon and commanded by the President of the United States to aid, encourage and assist in establishing a gov- ernment in Florida which excluded them from enjoying the same privileges that their white brothers enjoyed. The Provisional Governor carried out in letter and spirit the President's procla. mation, and issued an address to the people of Florida setting forth his duties and the duties of the voters. The address and proclamation of the Provisional Governor are as follows: To THE PEOPLE OF FLORIDA : The civil authorities in this State having engaged in an organized rebellion against the Government of the United States, have, with the overthrow of the rebellion, ceased to CHAPTER 1. The Formation of Civil Government After the War. The Address and Prodcamation of Provisional Governor Authorizing the Election of Delegates to Amend the Constiution. The Number of Delegates. Negroes Excludedfrom Voting by Governr'sr Proclamation. Election Held. Number of Votes Cast. On July 13th, A. 1. r865, President Andrew Johnson ap- pointed William Marvin, Esq., as Provisional Governor of Flor- ida, to proceed to establish civil government. The President embodied in the commission of the Provisional Governor an in- junction that no person should be allowed to vote for the dele- gates to any convention called by his authority who was not a qualified voter before the eoth of January, A. D. s86e-or, in plain words, that no negro should be allowed to vote at said election. It will be noticed hereafter that although there were hundreds of negro soldiers garrisoning different parts of the State, who had shared, in common with their white brethren, the fatigues, sufferings and dangers of war and the battle field, and a great many of those inhabitants and natives of Florida were enrolled and mustered into the service of the United States, had marched and fought side by side with the First and Second Florida Cavalry, two white Federal regiments raised in Florida, they were called upon and commanded by the President of the United States to aid, encourage and assist in establishing a gov- ernment in Florida which excluded them from enjoying the same privileges that their white brothers enjoyed. The Provisional Governor carried out in letter and spirit the Presidet's procla- mation, and issued an address to the people of Florida setting forth his duties and the duties of the voters. The address and proclamation of the Provisional Governor are as follows: TO THE PEOPLE OF FLORIDA: The civil authorities in this State having engaged in an organized rebellion against the Government of the United States, have, with the overthrow of the rebellion, ceased to  6 C.RPET1AG RULE. tNFLRa A exist, and the State, though icn the Uniont, isewithout a civil goernmenat. The Caotttitntiatt cf the United Statet declares that the United States shalt gaaantee toeery State ice the Union a repablican tftrtt of goeeentt, aed thatl peatect each ct these agate sttinasin,tinsureectiontanddomesiceilene. "In aedee to tftifill thit gaeanty, aced tee the puepase nf enabling the loyal peeple of the State ta organize a State gee- teteceent, wcherebhy jastice teas' he estahlithed, datettrant- quillity intueed aed ltyal citizets peotected in all theie tighte at life, libecty and peepeety, the President of the Uncited Statet hat appaintednme Provisinal Govenoraeethe State, andtmade it mty duty, at the earliest practicahle toet, ta preetcrihe each eruleacdereglaianstatnmayhbenecessaey andpperforecn- vening a coecentiate campoede at delegates to he chasen hy that pettiest at the peapte at the State ttha ate loyal tS the United Statet, and co othere, tee the yarpcte at altering at amcendinag the Constitatian at the State, aad weite authorty toeecise wcithin the limtshot the State all the yoersenecetcary and peeper tc enahte the loyal peoyte ct the State to retotae it to ice catstita- tjanatcrelatianstoathe Federa Gacvenmtent,aadtcpeettech a republican tforc at State goveernment at cilt entitle the State to the gaancy at the Uchted Statesthereetranaditsepeople ta peoteccaon hy the United Statet against ecvasion, intureectiaot and domtestic violence. " In the peetfertance at the daty thuta enjoined apan tee hy the Penident, I thall, at sooc at the people at the State have had the ayportutaeyaoqaalitcethemstelcestochecoaectert, ap- paint ae etection, to he held in the different counties at the State, at delegates to a State coetonitoe abe concened at a tinmeantdyplacet e hhereahterenamed, "The pertone qualified tc vote at each election at delegates, and the persos eligible at membtere at tech cant-entice, cillhbe tech petonstastshall hace yrccioustlytahenaand saheceihed the oaat faacaettyattset teeth in the Pretident't proclamataiontf May 2teh, A. D. 1865, and at ate alta qualified at ttetceihed hy the UCentution and tatws at the State ice fence itmnediately hefore the t eth day at January, te6 t, the date at the sc-called oedinance at secessian. Where the person is exentyted team the heneftse at the amaneety peoclanmation, he mtust also havehbeen pret mcal specially padnedhbythe Pesidenthbefoehe canhe- came a qualified votee or eligihle at a mebere at the convenetian. This inteepeetation at the proclamation at the President I hate receiced teem himselt it person, and also teem the Attoeney- General. Theoathefered tt mayhe admneisiteeedhbyandtahn andesuhscihed hetoee ay commistioned official, civ-il, military er natal, in the seevice oftthe Ga ited Statet, at any civil ormil- itary officeeota lal State or leteitaty a-ha, hy the lame etit, and the State, though in the Union, it wcithout a civil goveenment. The Constitation at the United States dectares that the United States shall gareantee to eveey State in the Unionnaerepuhlicantaemaof goeenment, and shallprotect each at these against ins-asian, insuerection and domestic vioence. .IIIn oeder en futillI this guatanty, and tee the puepose at enahting the loal peoyle at the State to oeganiae a State gee- eacement, aheebhy jattice may he etahlished, damestic ten- qaillity insued aed loyal citizens protected in atl theie eightt at lite, lihbey and peopety, the President at the United States hat appointedme Pnovisiotcnal ent h heeSate, and made it my duty, at the eadliese practicahle matment, toepescibce tech eulet and eegulationseasmayhbenecesaey and yroper tee can- vening a conventies compnsed at delegates en he chases hy that poetion at the people at the State a-ha aee loyal to thc United States, and no others, tee the pueyose at altering an amending the Constitution at tlte State, and mitt, authority toen ecs within thehlmitstotthehState allthepeee necetsaty andytroper to enahle the loyal people et the State eta retoare it en its constitu- tionalerelationnetothe Fedeal Gocertmentandeto prestentsch a repuhlican teem at State goceenment at mill entitle the State to the guaranty at the United Statet theretor, aed its people to peotection -hy the United Seatee against invadion, isreto and domestic ilence. " ,It the peetormance at the daty that enjoined apes me hy the Preetident, I shall, an soon at the peopte at the State hae had the oppoetunity cc tquality themeelcee to hecome votets, ap- peint at election, to he held in the different counteis oftthe State, at delegates to a State cancentioe cc he convened at a time and place to he hereahtee named. "1The pereone qualified to coe attauch eleceion at delegates, and the peesns eligible at meee attauch convention, widl he tech peesoes atshall hace yreviousdytahenancd suhscrihedethe oathaofaamnesty ascet teeth la the Preidenet yroclamteaion at May ayeS, A. U. 18S65, and as ate also qualified at yrescrihed hy the Cedstutio and lame at the State in torce immediately hefore the csth day at Janucary, te6t, the date at the ta-called oedinance at secettion. Whete the peeson it exentpted team the heneftst at the amnesty yeaclamation, he mtust attn havehbeen pevciously specially pardoned by the Pesident hetore he can he- came a qalified voter cc eligible at a member of the conentieln. Thisinerpyrtation at the proclamationtot the Preetident Ihave eeceiced tfrom himelt in person, antd also team the Attoeney- Genetal. Theoathefeeredetomayhbeadmiisteredhbyand taen and sudsceihed hefoee any commissioned official, cil, mdlitary oence-al, inetheereviceofteheUie taes, oreany-civilnermil- itary affiet at a loyal State or Territory a-ha, hy the tawst exiset, aced the State, thoagh in the Union, it without a eivS goencment. The Constitution aftshe Uneited States declaese that the United States ehall gaeantee to eery State in the Union aepublhcan teem at goeement, and shall protect each nfthese against invasion, insrrectinand domesticevilence. "In oeder en hdlfll this gaanty, and tee the puepose nt eabhling the layal people at the State ta orgaaize a State gee- ernement, wherehy jattice neac he estahlished, dametic scan- quillity instteed and loyal citizenst protected in all ther eights nt htfe, liherty aed peopyrty, she Pretident at the United States hat appointedmenProvisionaltGenor ofthe State, and made it my duty, as the eadliest practicahle moment, en peesceihe ench eulet and eegulatosiasmayhbenecesary and peoper tee can- teneing a convention composed at delegates to he chosee hy that poetion at the peoyle at the St ate mhoaee loyalt eb the United States, andaDoeehere, lee the puepoe oftaeringeer amending the Constitution aftshe State, and mith aathoeitytoeecise withie the Stales ofthe State all the paomeet neceesacy and peopee en enahle the loyal people at the State est r tt tosiu tionalnrelations tothe ederal Gocernment,and to peesenteauch a repuhlican taste at State government at mill entidle the State to the guaranty-ofteUnitedStaesthereeto,anditspeopleetn protection hy the United States agaicet incasion, insuteectin and domestic violence. "1In the peetoemance at the daty thee enjoined apace me hy the Peesident, I shall, as toon at the teeple at the State hate had the oppotacity eo qualif- themselces ao hecomecvotees, ap- paint an election, cc he held in the different counties ot the State, at delegtes eo a Staten concentios to heconened at a time andyplace tobe hereatmeramed, "The persons qttalified to cote at each election at delegates, and the perss eligibtle at teembets attauch concention, mill he suchypersencasshall hace preetiousdy takten and suhsceihedcthe oatheofamesety assetfth inehe Peident'syprclamnationof May e9eS, A. 1). 1865, and at ae also qualified as preeceihed he the Constitetion and lasts at the State ice toece immediately hetoe the tecth day at January, ca6e, the date at the ta-called oedinance at seceesion. Wh~ee the peeson it etemepted team the henaefit af the amanety peoclamation, ha team also Sane heen yeviously specially pardoned hy thc Petiden hetoe hie can he- came a quaalified voter at eligihle at a membee afte conetin. TShisaineretecaatiofthe yroclamationeot the PreesidenteIhave rceiced team himself in peeson, and also trom the Attarney- Gecneral. Theaoathreendecomayhbeadniseredhbyandaen andesuhecrihed hetoe asy commimsioned official, cit-il, meilitary oecnaval, intheserviceaofteniedSae, oreany civilaormil- itaryeofficeeota loyal StateorTteitoywho,hyhe las  thereof, is qualified to adtuinister oaths. The officer adsuinis- ftieng theuoath isauhoized and requied to giv'etothe prsun taking it certified copies thereof. "a Ineoder to give the wtell disposed people of thin State timte and oppoetunity to qualify themselves to be voters for dele- gates to the cottvention, the election twill not be hetd until a rea- senable time has elapted foe themo to take and subtcribe the oath tequited, and toprocuethe specialpardo, tehere such pardon is a prereequitite qualification. The election will be held imme- diately thereaftee, and no allowance mill he made foe uneasun- ahle delays in applying foe paedons. IApplications foe pardon should be in wreiting, and ad- desnned to the Psesiden, of the United States, and state the geounds onswhicha special pardonis cosideed necessary. The application thould have attached to it the oeiginal oath or affir- mation contained in the proclamationeofuaonesty. tnoetcases, the application foe paedon mill net he acted upon by tht Presi- dent until it has received the recommendation of 'the Provsion- at Governor. It weillnsave time, thereoreeto seek his tecom- mendation in the Serst instaoce. The application should then he seat stte office ofthe Attoney-General. I haebeen informed by the militaey authoeities that a considerable number of Pasts bae already been established in the Slate, and othees noon mill be, mith officers attached, authoeized to administee the oath re- quired, and to gie certified copies thereof, so an tereeby togive every facility fee taking the oath, with little or noinoviec orsexpeose to applicants. "toI the mneantimte, and until the re-establishmenteof a Stute goernment, it is left toheilitaypathoities to peeesee peace andcerder,oandprotecttheeightsf pesns and prpety. An undeestanding has bees hadawith the Co~mmandee of the De- partment wehereby poess occupying the offices ef judge of Peobate mtay continue to tube proof of wills and issue letters testamuentaryuand of administeation, and Cileekseof Ciecuit Count maystake proof oreacknowltedgment of deeds and Mortegages, and record the same, as heretofoe, and all persons occupying minis. terialtofilces may continetopeform such dutieandeoffices as are esssntiaand conceenttteb transactionof bsiess. If any douht should hereaftee aeiseecanceenitnf the validity ef skein acts, seek doubtss can be removed by a legislatice act of confir- mation. " By operation andresults of theswar, slacery has ceased to eitin the Stats. Is caneet be revied. Everyctoter fee dele- gatesseothe concention, in taking the asmnesty cath, takes a solemn oath te support she feeedem nf the foemer slave. The freedome intended is she full, ample, and cnmplete frecedom of a citieen of the United States. This does eat necessarily include CARPETBAG RULE IN FLORIDA. 7 CARPETBAG RULE IN FLORIDA. 7 thereof, in qualified so administee oaths. The officer adminis- terlng the Oath is authoized and eequired togieetothe pern taking is certified copies thereof. "In order so give the wsell disposed people of this State time and opportunity so qualify themselves so be voters foe dele- gates to the convention, the election mill sos be held ontil a rea- tunable time has elapsed for them so take and subscribe the oath eequieed, andsnopeocure thespecial padn, inhere such pardon is a prerequisite qsulificatinn. The election mill be held imme- diately thereafte, and o allowance mill be made foe unreasn- able delays in applying fnr pardons. "Applicatins fee pardon should be in writing, and ad- dtensed tn the Presidec, of the United States, and state the groundseonswhichbaspecial pardonis cnsiderd necssary. The application should haesattached touit the original oath or affie- mation contained is thespeoclamationuof amnesty. In most cass, the applicatinn fnr pardon weill net he acted upon by the Peesi- dent until it hat reuceiced tbe recommendation oaf 'the Prosisin- at Goerno. It wcillsave lime, threfore, to seek his recom- mendatin in tbe fiestinstance. Ths application should then be sent t bhe office of the Attorney-General. Ihave been iformed bythe militaryathoeitisthat a coosideable numbr nflPosts bae already been stablished in lbs State, and othesssn will be, milk officers attached, authorized so administer the oath re quised, and to glee certified copies thereof, se as thereby to flie eveey facility fee tubing the oath, with little as noinoviec us epense to applicants. "'In the meantime, and until the re-establishmentsef a Stae goernement, it is left to the muilitary authorities to preesee peace andeorder, and prtectstbe rightssofpersosandpproperty. An understanding has been had weith the Ceommander ef the D~e- pastins whereby persons occupying the offices of judge nf Probate may continue to take proof ef wills and isse lessees testamentayanddofuadministration, and Clerksof Circit Cout may take proof or ackowledgment of deeds and Mostgages, and record the same, as beretofore, and all persons occupying minis- terialnofficesnmay cntinetopeform such dutieseandeoffices as are eentiaudconnisent to lbs transactionof bsiness. If any doubt should heeafter arise concerning the calidity of themr acts, suck doutbts can e emovedby a legislatice actuef cenfeT- " By operation andsresults of the wear, slaveey has ceased to eist inshe State. Is cannot he sevived. Everyccer fee dele- gates so the convention, ie cubing the amnesty oath, takesa solemn oath toaspportshe freedomuofbhe forerslae. The freedom intended is tbs fsll, amaple, and complete freedom efa citienu uf the United Stases. Vris does notnecessarily include thereof, is qualified so administer oaths. The officer adminis- tering theoath isauhoized and eequired togietotheprsons taking it certified copies theeof. ,In order to flie the well disposed people of this State lime and opportunity so qualify themselves so be vusters foe dele- gates so the convention, the election mill not he held until a sea- sunable time bus elapsed foe them In take and subsceibe the oath required, and toprocuee special pado, wnhere such pardon is a prerequisite qualification. The election mill he held imme- diately threaftee, and no alluowance mill be made foe unseason- able delays in applying fnr pardons. " Applications foe pardon should be in writing, and ad- drssed to the Peesidem of the United States, and stats the groundsosswhichkaspecial pardon isconsidred ncssay. The application should hue attached so it the original oath us affir- mationocontained inthe pclamtiuonofamnesy. In most cases, the application fee pardon will nut he acted upon by the Pesi- dent until it bee received the recommnendation of the Provisin- at Goesnor. Is mill save time, theefore, to seek bit recom- mendation in the fist instance. The application should then be sent to the office of the Atturney-General. t hese been informed by the militaryauthuritiessthatsaconsiderable numbesofPsts bee already been established in the Stats, and others soon will be, with officers attached, authorizedleo administer the oathe- quired, and to give certified copies thereof, so as thereby so flie eery facility foe tubing the oath, with little or non vnec orepense 10 applicants. ''IIn the meantime, and until the se-establishment of a State governmen, is is left so the military authorities so pressere peace and orderund protecstherights of pesons and popery. An understanding bus b~een badewith tbs Commander of the D~e- partment whbereby persons occupying the offices of judge of Probate may continue to take psoof of elte aod issue lettees testamentary andaof administration, and Clerks of Circuit Coast maytakesproofnoracnoledgmnt of deeds and mortgages, and record the same, as heetoefore, and all pesuns occupying minis- terialnoffices may cotinue topeform such dutiesand officesoas areesusential and coneent to the transaction ofbusies. If any doubat should heeeafter arise conceening the caliditp of their acts, such dubtscan beetoved bya legislatie act of confir- " IBy operation and results of the war, slavery has ceased to esist in theftate. itscannot b~erevied. Everyvotersforedele- goates to tbs conenioni, in tubing the amnesty oath, takes a solemnathbto suppores reedomefthefomeslae. The freedom intended is the full, ample, and complete freedom of a citizen of the United States. Thtis deo not necessarily inaclude  S CARPETBAG RULEt. IN FLORIDA. the peivilege of svotintg, hot it does include the ides of future pus- sessionsandquiotcenjoyetent. Thtequestion of hisoting ts an open qootion-s proper subject foe discussio-and is to be de- oidtd asa qetion of soood policy by the consention to be cslled. "On the estoblishmeont of a repoblican fornm of State gov- ernmtent soder the constitution which goseantees sod seoutes litbeety to all the inhabitonts olike, swithout distinction of cooo, thete will no lostgeeoistnany impedimntittsheosayofeto- ing the Stato to its proper constitotionsal relations so the govtern- moens of tiso United Stases, oheeeby tho yoplse oilt he entidled to protection by the UnitedfStotesagainst invasion,inurco, and domtestic violence. " Doted at Jacksonvtille. Flasida, tisis shied day of August, s865- WtLLIAMI MARVIN, Provisional Governor." -~As the poclamtoaion of the Goveenoo toroizing te hold- ing of the election foc delegates contains hot vecy little mtore than wehat appeaso int his addess to she peopie of Florids, the aothoc denmed itnecestsy tohaceonoiysuchyparsofitcn- tained int this orh as do sot appear in his oddress. The dele- gates were appoesioned ansong she soeeal couties at follows Esconthia, too; Santa Rosa, to; Walton, too; Holmeos, osse; Whashington, otto; Jackson, three; Calhoon, ooo; Franklin, otto; Liheety, otto; Gadsden, thcee; Loon, hose; Jefferson, shree; Madison, too; Taylor, one; Lafayette, ooe; Hamiilton, too; Suwcannee, oe; Colaumhia, twoa; Babes, one; tteadfotd, one; Nassau oe St. Johns, 000; Dual, 000: Clay, ane; Patnam, 000; Alacha, two Marion, too; Losy, otto; Hee- nando, one; Hillsboouogh, otte; Msanatee, otto; yatb, one; Oeange, one; Volosia, one; Boocood, oteo; Sumnter, one ; Mon- roo o;ad Dade, oe the Prooclamnation set foth the quali- fioation of soteos as follow "ore obise aoldiers, seatmen and 000ns 0th am 0r stat1 of she Ussised States, wowr sqaalified by shots rsisdenoeeto sate in said State as she samte ofstheiroenlistmeot, ad ohosball loose taboo and sabscribed the amnesty aath shalbe entited totvoteio te countyowhere thcy resypcielyoceside. " Bat co soldier, seamnan o aie not a residens t o htate at she siose of bitt enlismontsahall he allooedoas -to vt. Eesy freeuB [iro ruale yersonoof theage of S CARPETBnAG coca set FLORInA. the peivilege of ooting, hut it dues inclade the idea of future pon- tetssnon and quiet enjoymnent. The qoestion of bin oting is ans oyen questittn-a proper subject foe discassion-and in to be de- cidod as a qoestion of sound poticy by the conoention to be called. "On she etablishmcnt of a reeyohlican fao of State gov- ernment undot the constitosion ohich guseanteen andseus liberty so all she inhabitanto alike, oithout distioction of colon, there oi no lonogee exist otty impyedinment in she oay of reston- ing she State so ito peopec cotitustionaol relations so she govern- omeot of she Uoitod Stases, ohereby the yeoyle oitl be entidled so proosectian by she Uoisod Stotes against incasion,inurco, and domtestic ciolence. 1Dated ot Jackonville, yloeida. this thitd day 0f August, 865g. WILLIAbM MARVIN, yovsionalGov-eror.o - As she yroclaomation of she Gov000n00 aostaoioing she hold- ing of the election foo delegatos contains bat cery little mr than chat appeas in his addesso to she yeoyio of Florida, the authortdeenmedit necessary tohave onlyscyaets of itcon- tained in this work at do not appear is his address. The dele- gates were apportioned aomong the seeral coonties as folloos; Rocachis, two; Saosa Rosa, too; Walton, too; Holces, one; Washington. one; Jackson, three; Calhoun, 000; Frankliin, on;Liberty, one; Gadsden, three ; Leon, foar; Jefferson, stee; Madison, too; Taylor, onet; tafoytte, oneo; Hamilton, too; Suannoe, ooe; Columtbia, two; Babes, one; Bradford, one; Nassau, 000; St. Johns, otto; Duval, otto; Clay, one; Potnamo, 000; Alachua, too; Mdactoo, two; Lecy, one; Her- nando, one; Hillsborough, 000; Mtanatee, one ; Polk, one; Oeange, otto; Voistha, 000; Boososd, otto; Sumtser, one ; Mon- coot one; aod Dade, ooo. The itoociamoation set forth she qusali- fication of coteos as, foos " Frtte swhite soldiers, toaces and aain si the army or nacy of she Unitod Stases, woo er quaalifiod by their rstidece so cote int said State at the samce since of their eolistmeot, aod obo shall htacosakeo and subscribed sthe aomnesty- oasis, shsall te entitled so tote is tieocounty owseoe theyerespectivelyeside." "Batsoo soldier,seamoanor smarine, coo a resdent of te State eat sho tiote of his enlistetostholl he allowod so voats. " Ecery freo hbireonaloyerosn ofstheage of she prioilege of ooting, hot it does inctude the ides of futuce pon- tetson and quiet enjoymtent. The question of bin oting in ass open qnestion- yroyper sobject forndiscasion-and it to be de- cidod an a qoestion of sonnd policy by the onoention tu be culled. "Os the establishnmnnt of a repyablican forms of State gov- ennment under the constitution which goocaotecs andseus liberty to alt the inhabitants alibe, oithoot distinction of cotor, thereowi no longer extistanyinmyodiment intheay ofneto- ing she State to its proper constitutional relasions so she goovern- snt of the Unisod Stases, ohereby the people nill ho entitted soyprosection by she United States against invasion,inurco, and domsoetic violence. "Dosed as Jocbsonville. Florida, this shied day 0f Augaust, 1865. WtLLIAM MARVIN, Povisionalov-ernor." - As she ycoclamtatioo of the Gaceror authiing she hold- ing of she election fat deleg"ates containt hot cery little mone shun chat apyears int his address so she yeoyle of Florida, thenauthorodeemed itsnecesarytohavonlysuch partof So on- tamned in this woth as do ntto apyear io bit address. The dele- gatso note apyootiooed amsong she seooral counties as folloos; Escamhia, too; Santa Rosa, too; Waltons, too; Holoes, otte; Washington, oneo; Jacksaon, three; Calhoun, otto; Franklin, otto; Liberty, one; Gadsden, shone; Leon, foac; Jefferson, thoeo; Madion, too; Taylor, one; tafayeto, otto; Hameilton, too; Suoannee, otto; Columsbia, two; Baker, otto; Bradford, 00e; Nassau, otto; St. Johns, one; Ducal, oneo; Clay, otte; Patnam, 000; Alachua, two; Marion, too; Lecy, one; Her- nando, 0ne0; Hillsborough, 00e; 'vlanatee, oneo; Polk, one; Oange, otto; Voissio, ose; tltosod, oneo; Saunter, otto; Moss coo, one; and Dado,aone. The yroclamatsioo set tooth te soali- fication of coters as folloos: " Free obite aaldiors, seamnce and aain s do te army 0r oac y of she Unoted Stats, woo er qualifiod by their troosidentce tao oe itt said State at she satao of their enliscment, aod who shall base taboo sod subscoibod the amnesty oath, shall ise etitled to soteo is she caony nbhere they respeoctively ocside." " Boo oo soldier,semnomai, not a oetident of the Stato as the tiome of tsis enlistmenot sall be alloedtosvoto. "Evr frcoo boo hire ualo yersonofthe age of  CARPETBAG RULE IN FLORIDA. 9 ttentty-one yer attd upwards, and ewho shall he, at the titoe of offering to vote, a citizen of the United States, and echo shalt have resided and hod hit hoome it the State foe ooe year test precediog the electioo, aod for tix mooths ip she coonty it sehich he osay offer to vote," and also take the oath prescribed hy the Pretideot it hit aomnesty procloomation, owere entitled to vote. The electioo ewos hold in thotseveral counties of the State othe Ioth day of Octoher, A. D., 1865, according to procla- eootion orderiog said electioo, doted Septeother sth, 1865. The judges of Prohate io the several counlies, aod the Cleeks af Ciecoit Court, it case of the itahility, abteeor othercauote, the Peobate judfes failing to act, otere aothorized to appoint the InspcotorstofElection. The Cloth andCoutsty judfe wete also authorized so call to theie assistancetw re tpectahle iohahitaots hatiog the qualification of otets, atd puh- ticly cout the votes caot, aod to foeoioh to each person electeda certificate of his election, atnd alto to foerwaed a ceetificote of the election of tact, delegate to the Procisional Goveror at Talla- hassee. ThelInsyectoes of Electionoweeequiced to odmtioitter theamonety oathto any pertonat the poills weho coold ntle- hibit a teetificate of hit haviog takeo the oath ptevioosly. The oouobeo of qualified toters op to the day of electioo wsatight thousandbfivehunded adtcele. Thetotmhertof votes cast foc delegatesas sithousatdtsevenbhudred and CAPEBA ctLEINFORIDA. 9 tenety-ote yeaes aod upwaoeds, anod weho shall be, at the timte of offeeing to tote, a citizen of the Uoited States, aod wcho shalt hacetresided and had hit homot in the State foe ane yeat next preceding the election, atd foe sit months ipethe county in wchich he stay offer to tote," ond alto tahe the oath prencrihed by the Presideot ins hit amonesty proclamsation, wee entitled tn tote. The election teat held inth sbceveral coontiet of the Stote ton the seth day of October, A. D., 1865, according to procla- motion ordering said election, doled Septembher estb, 185 The judges of Probote inthe severa counties, atd the Clerks ot Circuit Coat, it cast of the inahility, absence, oc other cast, the yrohate judges failing to act, wee authoriaed to appoint the Ispetors of Election. The Clerk ansdConty judge west alto aothorized so call to their assistance twoa ce- spectahle onhahitants haviog the qualificatioo of toters, and pub- lioly counts the totes cat, and to furnish to each persot elected a cetificate of his electionood also to forwtard a certificate of the election of tacht delegate to l~te yrovisional Governor at Talla- hassee. Trhe Iaspectors of Election 'Otto required so admainistec theamonesty oathto ayperon at the polls wcho could tot es. hbiit a ceetificate of his hating takentshe oath peviously. The nuomber at qualified tvoters op to the day of election wcas eight thousatd fivehndedadtele. Thetnumber of voses cast foe delegatesewas nix thousand seven hutdred and tenty-one yeats and upwcards, atd echo shall he, at the time of offecing to tote, a citieet of the United States, atd echo shall hate esided atd had his home it the State foe ote yeas net preceding the election, atd foe sio mconths IpI the cooty he wch he stay off er to case," ttd alto take the oath prescribed by the yresidet it his amoesty preoclamation, ere ettitled to vote. The eleonats held io the steeal coutties of the State ott the sash day of Octoher, A. D., 1865, accorditg to procla- maotin ordering said electiot, dated Septeosher seth, 1865. The judges of Prtobate it the toterat coatties, atd the Cleths at Circuit Coat, in cost of the inability, absence, as othee caose, the yrohate judges failitg to act, ere authoriaed so appoitthe Inspectorssof Electio. The ClerkhandCooty judgeere alto authorized to call so their assistance twoa re- spectable inhabisants havitg the qualification of vtrse, aod pnb- lioly cout theovotes cot, and to fuetish so ech perton elected a certificate of his electsion, adasototforwarsd acertificateof the election of each delegate to else Provisional Goveror as Talla- basset. TheoInspectors of Electiattwetseqired tadmciister the amtestyoath toany persotoat the polls echo could not es- hibit a cetificate of his hating token the oath pretiously. The tumber at qualified tasters op to the day of election wcas eight thoosandkfie hundred and tele. Theonumbeecof totes cast foe delegatet oat sixthousand sects hundred and   CHAPTER 1t. The Assemb/ling of the Convention. Tohe Election of the Prsid/ing Officer. Dti/eent Opinions of the Del/egates as tooth Negro Problnm Bfore They Received the Gov'ernor's Mooosage. The Governor's Message Solves and Settlos the Prob/erm. Negroes Testifying in Conrts of Jusice. The convention soet Octobr z5th, 1865, and Hnn. E. Dt. Tracy, of Nssau Coonty, noon called to the chair. A contmittee w~asappointed to waitouponothe Proiional Goernorandnbtain front hint a list of the delegates elected, w'hich duty nan promptly perforntrd and the lint ot delegates forwtarded tn the conventin by the Governor, namoely: Leon Counny-Jaoen L. Taytor, G. Troop Maxwrelt, Thomtas Bltztell, David P. Hoguo. Gadsdon Coqy-George K. Walkr, R. H. M. Davidson, Arthur J. Fortmao. Jefferson Cont-W. M. Caprs Bird, W. B. Coopr, Asa May. Hlamoilton County-Willianm J. J. Doncon, Alexander Bell. Madison Counef-W. J. Hinos, D. G. Livingston. Wakubib Coonty-Jones T. Magbre. Lt/ery County--T. D. Nixon. ac/son Coont5-F. B. Calloteay, Felix Leslie, Allen H. Buth. Ca/lon County-Jackson Richard. Taylor Conny-Wiley W. Whiddoo. Clay Conty-Williont Wilton. Laofayetto County-Moes Simmeons. Putnamn County-Herny B. Tesdale. St. Johns Coonty-Jonte A. Miohler, Jr. Lavy Couof-Williont R. Coulter. Duv~al Csonty-B. L. Boeritt. Snnwannee Coonty-Silat Overstreet. Cso/ia Conty-Sils L. Nihiock, Thoman T. Long. CHAFFER II. The Assetmbling of the Conv~ention. The Election of the Presiding Officer. Diferent Opinions of the Dolegates as o the Negro Problemt Before They Roceived the Governor's Message. The Govornor's Message So/too and Soft/les the Perobern. Negroes Testtfying in Courts of justie. The convention ntet ctoher 25th, 1865, and Hon. E. D. Testy, of Nastoo Coutty, ws rolled to the choir. A committee was appointed to wtait opon thr Protisional Goernor nd ohtain front hint a litt of the delegatet elected, wohich duty wsen promptly performed sod the lint of delegates fortwarded to the convention hy theGoernor, namely: Leon County-Jamtet L. Taylor, G. Troop Maxwrell, Thomas Boltzell, David P. Hogue. Gadsen Counnf-George K. Walher, R. H. M. Davidsnn, Arhur J. Formon. eFt//rson Coonsy-W. M. Caprst Bird, W. B. Cooper, Ant Msy. Hami/too Conty-Willisnt J. J. Duncon, Aleondr Bell. Madison Cony-W. J. Hines, D. G. Livingston. Waholla Confe-Jantes T. Magher. Liberty Cony-T. D. Nixon. Jackson Conty-F. B. Callowaoy, Ferix Leslie, Allen H. Both. Ca/lon Conty-Jachson Richard. Taylor Coonty-Wiley W. Whiddro. Clay County-William Wilson. Lafayette Coonty-Moses Simmont. Pntnam Conty-Henry B. Tesdale. So. Johns Counn/o-Jamto A. Michler, Jr. Lovy Coon/c-William R. Coulter. Duv~alCoot-S. L. Boreilt. Souoannee Conty-Silas Ocverreet. Ceoumbia Conty-Silas L. Nihiach, Thomtas T. Long. CHAFFER II. The Asseem/ling of the snr ention. The Election of the Presidng Officer. Diferent Opinions of the Dolegates as to the Negro Problemo Before They Received the Gotvernorso Message. The Govrors Message So/too and Settles the Problem. Negroes Testifying in Courts of justic. The concention ntet Octoher 25th, 1865, and Hon. E. D. Tracy, of Naosau County, toss cslled to the chair. A committee wsca ppointed to waitoupon the Provitional Governor and obtain from him o list of the delegates eltcted, wohich holy seat promptly prformed and the litt of delegatet forwarded to ohe convention hy the Goernor, namely: Los Coone-Janten L. Taylor, G. Troop Maoxwell, Thomas Baltzell, David P. Hogue. Gadsden Coony-.Gerge K. Walher, R. H. M. Davidson, Aethor J. Forntan. jfferson Cony-W. M. Capers Bird, W. B. Cooper, Asa May. Hameilton Coonty-Willisat J. J. Duncan, Alexandr Bell. Madison Cmmnf-W. J. Hioes, D. G. Livingston. Waka/la Conty-James T. Maghee. Liborty Conty-T. D. Nion. Jacson Couny-. B. Callowaoy, Felio Leslie, Allen H. Bosh. Caloon Couno/-jachtoo Richard. Taylor Coontc-Wiley W. Whiddes. Clay Counny-William Wilson. Lafayette Coonty-Moses Simmons. Putnamn Ccunty-Henry S. Teasdale. St. Johns fde/c-James A. Michlr, Jr. Ley County/-Williamt R. Cooltr. Duval/Csouny-S. L. Borritt. Suwtannee Couot-ilas Ocersteet. Co/um/ia County-Silas L. Nihlach, Thomas T. Long.  Nasau Caaty-E. D. Tracy. Baker' Cnnly-Samnet N. Williamss. Bradford County-John C. Richard. Hls.Obaoogh County-James Gettit. Maioen County-Jams A. Wiggins, Thootas J. Pasteur. Henando Caatty-Santoel E. Hope. Moce County-Daniel H. Wioteehurtt Dade Coung-R. K. Fletchee. Polk Citenng-Franois A. Hendry. Alachua County-W. Wash Scott, Samouol Spener. Escaetdia Ctntg-Benjatnin D. Wright, W. W. J. Kelly. Walton Canttg-Jates M. Landrumt, John Morrison. Holtmes Csnty-Janes G. Oweens. Suterat Coutny-Jamest Love. Woashingtn Countty-Jesse B. Lassiter. Orange Cmty-Williate H. Holden. Brnvat'd Ceoly-Jases F. P. Johnson. Soc/a Roaa Couxty-Jeste McLellan, G. B. Dyeet. Volusia Councy-A. Richardson. The following teat the oath admtinistered to the delegates. elect: I"IYouand eachf you dosoetnly searoelletand truly to discharge yoor respectie duties aed tupport the Contitution of the United States." Thotnas Baltzett, of Leon, and Benjamnei D. Weight, of Escasohia, mete pot in nomination foe President of the conven- tin. Theeeroe two haltots tahes without on eleot ion, and n the third hallot Me. G. Troap Maxwell, of Leon, weithdewt the naeof Baltnell, and the contention proceeded to hallot foe Trany and Weight, Me. 'teacy eeceiviog twenty-four ooteo and Weight fifteen. Me. Tracy teat declored elected. This conenotioo, composed largely of eten weho had got foot yeats seorhed and foughtto sustain a cast which was finally lost, mere milling to do anything honorahle to show the government that they note acting in good faith, teven if it wete tonsustain negeo saffrageto atimited extent, had it not heen for the sweeping mtessage of Goeenoe Matein, the man appointed to natty ot thn policy of the President. Somo of the gentlemen with whom Imas acquainted enpessed thoeseles to me that Nasaun Counng-E. D. Teacy. Baker' Caunyg-Samoet N. Williams Bradfor'd County-John C. Riehard. Hillskoroagd Caunty-James Gestis. Marton County-James A. Wiggins, Thomas J. Pantoe. Hernasndo Coante-Samoel K. Hope. Acmtr Coungo-Daniel H. Wioseehnes. ,Dada Counop-R. R. Fletche. Polk Caungo-Francis A. Hendey. Alachua Counny-W. Wash Scott, Staue Spsencer. Ecambia Caan/y-Bejamin D. Weighs, W. W. J. Kelly Walton Cauneg-James M. Landrum, John Moison. fHolceo Caunny-Jamnet G. Oseens. Soun/er Caunn/.-Jamet Love. Wandhing/an Canty-Jesse B. Lassiter. Orange Caunty-Williamn H. Holden. Beard Caunoy-Jamos F. P. Johnson. Soa aRa Caunty-Jesse McLellan, G. B. Hyen-i. Valaaia Countsy-A. Richardson. The folloning weas the oath administered so the delegates. elect: " Ynnandachhf youdo solemnly sweaewetlland trnly so discharge your respectie duties and sopot the Constitntion of the United Stases." Thomas Baltzell, of Leon, and Benjamin D. Weight, of Esnasohia, note pat in nomination foe President of the coneen- tin. Thee teree tteo hallots tahens without an election, and on the think hallnt Me. G. Troup Maxwell, of teon, withdew the nasme of Baltaell, and the convention proceeded to ballot foe Tracy and Wright,M. Tayeciingtentsyfoureotes and Weight fifteen. Me. Tracy teas declared elected. This convention, composed largely of oto teho had foe fnur yeats teothed and foughtto sustain a canto which weas finally lost, mete willing so do anything honorahle to show the government that they woon acting in good faith, teven if it mee so sustain negen saffrage to a limited ensent, had it not been foe the sweeping msessage of Goernor Marvin, the man appointed Sn natty oat the policy nf the President. Somo of the gentltmen nithnwhomt tewas acquainted enpressed themseles to me that NAasa Cauny-K. D. Tracy. Baker Cunoe-hamel N. Williams. Badford County-John C. Richaed. .lkilsaagd County-James Gettis. Marjan Caanty-James A. Wiggins, Thomas J. Pasteo. H/ernanda Countye-Samuel E. Hope. Macmoe Coutyo-Daniel H. Wintoehoest. Dade Cannt-K. K. Fletcher. Polk Counigo-Ptancis A. Hendry. Alachna Casan/y-W. Wash Scott, Saosuel Spsence. Eaaaeskta Coantyp-Bonjamin D. Weight, W. W. J. Kelly. Walaon County-James M. Landenm, John Morrison. Hles Ceunog-Jamos G. Omens. Saters Caacge-Jamos Love. Waola/glacn Counc/-Jesse B. Lassiter. Orange Caunn/-Witiam H. Holden. Beard can/vy-James P. P. Johnson. Santa -Rosa Caan/y-Jesse McLellan, G. B. Opens. Vo/aaix Caunty-A. Richardson. The folloming teas the oath administered to the delegates elect: " Youandtachof youdo soemny swear ellotand teuly no discharge yoae respectie dusies and sopjsoet the Constitation of the United States." Thomas Balstel, af Leon, and Benjan D. Weighs, of Ennasohia, mete pot in nomination foe Peesident of the conven- Sian. Thete mete two hallots tahens without an election, and on She Shied hallnt Me. G. Teoup Maxwell, of Leon, withdew the name nf Baltzell, and the convention peoceeded to hallot foe Trnacy and Weight, Me. Tracy receiving twensty-fourtvotes and Wright fifteen. Me. Teacy teas declared elected. This convension, compased largely of omen weho had foe fnur yeats worhed and foughttoasstain a cause wthich teas finally lnst, moon milling to do anything honorahle to show the gavernment that they note acting in good faith, teven if is mere to sastain negro suffrage toatimited extent, had it not heen for She sweeping osessage of Goernor Matein, the man appointed ta natty ot the policy of tho President. Some of the gentlemen withnwhnm Imas acqaainted enpressed themselces to me that  such apropositioenwould hove heen carred before th. conven- tin hot for the opposition of Governr Marsin. The convn- tirn eemsto to hove beeo entirely, oroalosttso, ondrr the control andinflouece of she Provsinat Governotr and thentilitary. Is trill hr teen thot they did hot very little other than whot teas recomomrnded to sheer hy Williamo Morcin, the President's ogrnt. After rroding corrfully thr mtessage and reconmtnndations of the Governor so this convention, ond digesting she diffrernt sujects treated in thentssge, I leave she readerrtodratrhis onvcon- clsosas to any injostice done the negro hy the convention; whether is teas not in accordaonce strictly weith the policy of President Johnson ? Referring to the qoestion of negro suffrage, she Governor says: " Shall the elective franchise hr conferred rpon she colored race, and den soupen whatsteest and qualifica- tions?" "lIanot adisedthatthe Prsidntas epresed htisviesorswishesnon this subject, andlI knees no morenf ste vtresortwishesof the members of Congress than is generlly knoewn." "I eanoot shirk, howrever, that, if the connventin shalt aholish slavery and provide proper guaranties fee the pro- tension and severity of the personsnand property of the freedmen, tke Congress trill refuseoto admit our Senators and Repreenta- ties so their teats hecause Ike freedmen are nst alloted to vote at the State and other elections. " '' Wkrn Ike qoestion of Ite admission ekeSl arise, I think the main inquiry wrill ke, ntre tke freedmen alloewed tovote,htut are tkey guaraneed intke Constitotin protection and secrty for Ikeir persons and skeir property." "Is does not appear to me ekes eke puhlic good of ske State, or of Ike nation at large, wroold he promoted hy con- freing at eke present time uon the freedmen the elective fran. ckise. " 't Neither the ewhite people nor the colored people are prepared forms radicalsa changerin their social relations." ' Nor kave Iany rason to believe shoe any considerable numbkerof the freedmen desire to possess skis privilege." The Governor was capahle of reasoning from averyrarrowe standponrtekhen he assersed that no considrable number of freedmen desired the fall panoply of citizenship, ether two hundred thoosand of skeir numbker had marched and fought onder ournational flag troassist in puteing down she greatest rebellion known in the annals of hisory. The nmessage of the Governoe in reference to negrn suchoapropositinesould hove been carried hefore the.-conven- tier hot fee she opposition of Governor Marvin. The veneer. ton seeersto havehbeen entirely, or almosteso, understhe control and influenceof the Provisional Governrooandthe mihtary. It trill hr seen shot they did hot very little other than wshot trot recoereended to cheer hy William Marvin, the President's agent. After readin~g carefolly she message and recommendations of the Governor to this convention, and digesting she different suhjecs treated in she eresage, 1 leave she reader to draes his eta von- closions as to any injostice doe the negro hy the convention; whether it wso not in accordaonce steictly oth the policy of President Johnson ? Referring tontherquestinof nr suffrag, she Governor says: " Shall Ike elective franchise he conferred uon eke colored race, and if en uon wchatsterms and qualifica. tone ?" I"IIom notadvised that hePresident has rexpressed his viewsnoreisheothisnuject, and I knoesnomoerof the strews or wshes of the memhers of Congrers than it generally knon." " I cannot thick, hoesever, that, if the convention shall aholish slavery and provide peeper goarantes fee the pro- tectin and security of the personsand propertynoftherfreedmen, the Congress winS refuse oadmiteour Senators and Representa tores so their seats because she freedmen are rot allowed to vote as she State and other elections." "When she question of ekeir admission shall arise, Ithink the main inquiry trill he, notawe the freedmen allowedto vote,hbut are they guaranteedinsthe Constisution protection and secrty for their persons and their properly." "It does rot appear In me that she puhlic good of the State, or of she nation at large, wsold he promoted hy eon- freing as the present time uon she freedmen the elective fran- chise. " 'I Neither the eshite people err she colored people are prepared foresoradical a change in their socialerelations." "Nor Itavetanayrason In believe that any considerable roeskerof the freedmen desire so pesess this privilege." The Governor was capableof reasoning feomaveryrarow sandpeintwhen he asserted shas no considerable numbher of freedmen desired the fall panoply of citizenship, when ewe hondred thoosand of skeir numberkhad marched and foughtnderornaional lago asit in potting down ske greatest rebellion known in she annals of history. The message of the Governor ink reference Ionsegrn such apropoitinwould have been carriedhbeforethe-conver- sin bot foe thc opponitin of Governor Marvin. The conven- tion secers so hove hero entirely, or almost so, order she control andinfloenceeof theProvional Governonrandthemiliary. It will he sees that they did hot very little other than whos esas recomencded In sheer hy William Marvin, the Preidentfs agess. Aftrc readincg carefully the message and recomendations of ske Governor to this convension, nd digesting the differentsujecs treaotedinthe messag, Iheave she reader toedraw his own con- alsn asto any injontice door the negro hy the convention; whether it wan not is accordaonce strictly with the policy of President Johnson ? Referring tonthe questieoofnegrosuffrag, the Governor says: " Shall the elective franchise br conferred apen the coloed race, and iflso uon wehatterms and qualific- sins?" "l IammnotadvisedsthatthePrslentshsepressed his viewssorewishe nthisnsuhject, andlI knowsno morenofskhe viwsnnrwiesineofsthe memers of Congress than in genrally knowne." "I carrot think, hoee, thor, if the convention shall aholish slavery and provide proper guarantes foe the pro- tection and securityof the personseond propertynofthe freedmen, the Congerers trill refuseto admitsour Senators and Representa- ties to their seas hecause the freedmen are enst allowed so vote as she State and other elections." " When the question of their admission shall arise, Isthinkskheman inquiry will he, not are the freedmen allowed tooe, hot are they guaranteed in she Constitution protection and secrtty for their persons and their property." IsI does ret appear to me shot Ike public good of ske State, or of the nation al large, wold he promoted hy con- ferring as ske present time uon she freedmen ske elective fear- chs."'t Neither the white people nor the colored people are prepared foe so radical a changerin their socialelations." "Nor havelanyrason to believe that any considrable rnthberof the freedmen desireto ponsets skis privilege." The Governor was capableofeasoing fromnaveryrrow sardynintethen he asserted shot no considerable numer of freedmen desired the fell panoply ofrcititenship, when two hondred thousand ofskheir numer had starched and fought underour natimol flag to assist in potting down the greatest rellion known in the annals of history. The message of the Governor in reference to negro  14 CARPETBG ULI FLOOc RDAa. suffrage oar still clinging to his consci~ence os a nightmare of injustice of which hr cootd not rid himelf, ontit he reached that prior rhich brought him facr to facr woith thr qorstion of the negro testifying in coorts of justice. The Governortsays; IHeretofore thr oero, in a condition of olavery, moo to a large reeundertherpowerrand protection ofhismaotre,nwhofeht anintresrt in histwelfare, not only hecaooe heowasa dpendeot and had hero raised, pnerhaps, in hio faomity, hot hecaose he mod this prperty." " Nowkhorsnorsuch protectioo, andounlesrrhe finds protection in the coortr ofjorticr he kecomer the cictim of evry tricked, depraved and had moo, wnhere acorice may prompt himoto refuse the paymnetof histjutwoges, and whose angeyoand revengeful pasiooncmy ecite him tohbusend mal- treor the helpleos heing pinced hy hit freedomt beyond the pnle of protection of any hind." '' Much rserivnessa in felt in this and other Southern Storer apen the snhject of the admeirsihility of negro tertimeonyinocnnrtsof jusrice fornoragainstrownite pee- root. Fortmyself, nnrethat the negrnisofree,tIdn notfeelny such sensitiveness. I donot peeceive the pkilnrnphyn orope- diency nf any rote nf ecidence wohich shuts oar rho tenth from rheheoringgef the jury. Itmoyhbe said that the intention of the role ir o that ort fotrehood; hot hen con in he kneo to the jury trhether the testimony he trror flsie until they hoe bearditraodcomppnred it with the other tertimny inthe case?" ,,Theradmissiooforgenotestimoonyshould noeregarded as a pricilege granted en the negro, hat an the eight of the Store, in al rmnlperecutions, toehae histrestimoany, in oneto roith other tsimony, to assistttoresthlish the guilt of the ac- cored, andit ought, reciprocally, to bethe right of the accured to hone tech testimony to estahlish hit innocence. tBnt the qoestion of the odmissihiliry of negro tetimoeny in merely inci- dental to the momn sahject, rohich it the duty of the Store to protect the negro in the exrerie and enjoyment of hit rightr of freedom. If this duty canoheodequorely prformed, anod the rights of the negro fullyosecured rethoot hit heing alloed to make oath hefore ohe courts~ of rhntwrrngt and injuries door him, then the interest of the State to hove hit testimony admitted will ke sogreoatylessened aoredue the question toeone of cm paratively moch lets importance. If the colored race in this -4 CAnETeBAG RLE eN FLORIDA. suffage mat stilt clinging to hisr conscience os a nightmare of injostice of which he coold not rid himelf, antSl he reached that prior wehich hbrought him face to fae with the qoertion of the negro terrifying in couets of justice. 'The Govrnor says; " IHeretofore the negro, in a condition of slavroy, roar to a large extent under the poer and protection of hit master who felt an ineresr in hiswelfae, not only kecause hernas adependent and hod hero raised, perhaps, in hit family, hnt hecaose hr read hit property." " Nonhe haor schperoection,andoulessrhe finds prnteetion in the carts ofjesrice he hecomes the victimn of cory wiched, depraved and had noon, whose avarice mop prompt him to refuse the paymoent of hit jost roofer, and whose angry and revengefol passions rayrexcite himnto ahuse and mant- treat the helpless heing placed hy hit freedom beyond the pole of protection of any hind." " Much renstivoeres it felt in this and other Sourhern Snorts uon the suhject of the admrissihiliry of negro testimony incourtof juticeforrngntwhite pe- sane. For myself,nowothat thenereeistfre,tIdootfeelny ruchrsensiticeness. Idoenot pree the phdlosophye oroepe- diencyaffony rueof eidncetwhich chats trthe teeth front the hearn of the jury. Itrmayhbe raid that the intention of the role isto enshar ort falsehood; her heow con it hr hnote to the jeep weherthe h testimony hr tree or fa~lre entil they hove heard it and compared it weith the other testimoeny in the case ?" a1 headmrissinofnegrertetimony should net be regrgdedoas a privilege granted toterbnegee, hot as the eight of rho Store, in alt criminal prorseautins, to hove his testimoeny, in connection with ether testimonny, to artist to estahlish the guilt of the ac- cored, and itought, reciprocally, to ethe righteof the accured to hove such testimoeny to etoblish hiso innocence. Bet the questin of the admtissibiliryaof negro rttimony istmerely inci- dental to the roamn suhject, rohich it the dory of the State to protect the negro inthe eercirreand enjoyet of hit rightsof freedom. Ifrthisdury can lee adequately prformed, and the rights of the negro fullyrsecued woithout hit heingallowed to make oath before the courts of the-wongs and injorier done him, then the interest of the Store to haoe histretitmony admrirted wrill kesoagreadlylessened a o reduce the question toaone of cm parativety much less importance. If the enlaced race lo thit 14 CAnRETo3AGRUE NrFLORIDA. suffrage nor till clinging to hisr conscience as a nightmare of injustice of which he coold not rid himself, until he reanked that point rohich hbroght him face to face with the quertion of the negro terrifying in courts of justice. 'The Govorn rapt: "'Heretofore the negro, in a condition of slavery, trot to a large rotentoonder the ponereand prtectinnefhisnmater,twhofelt an interect inrhiselfare, net only hecause hetrwaadependenr and had keen raised, perhaps, in hit family, her because hr teag hit property." "Notrhekhasnno sch protection,andnunlessrhe finds protection in dhe courtsonfjnsriee he becomes the eictime of evory tricked, depraed and had noon, trhose acarice may prompt him to refure the payment of kin jost roofer, and trhose angry ond revengeful portions may excite himr toabese and real- treat ihe helpless being placed hy hit freedom heynd the pole of prortertion of any kind.' "Mock rensidoveness it felt in this and other Sourhern Storer upon the subject of the odreissihiliry of negro testimoeny incourts ofjustice feoroagainstrohite per- sn.Formyslnothatrthe nereitfre,tIdonot felany such senitivenes. I do not peree the phdeosophy or eope- diency ofanyonulef eidecesobich short nutrthe teeth front the hearingeof the jeep. Itreayhbe raid that the intention of the role it to shur ort falsehood; her hare eon it Ie nc own to the jury weher the testimony hr tee or flbe errSl they bae heard it andomopared it with tire ether tetimeony in the case ?' afThredmissioef orgetimonnyrshould nor be rengardedoas a peivilege granted to the negro, her or the eright of the State, in all criminal prosecutions, to hare histrestimonny, in connectiont weith orbher teotireony, to assist to establish the gult of the on- cored, and it oght, reciprocolly, to be the right of the accusrd to hoe reck restireony to establith hit innocence. Bet the question of the admisibidityeof regee testimeony ismerely ini- dental en the main subject, whick isthee dory of the Starr to protectthernegeo intheoexerce and enjoymenrteof his rights of freedome. If this dory ean he adequotely prformed, end the rights of the negro fully secured woithout hit keing allowredrto make oath hefore the courts of therongo and injuries dane hint, then the interest of the Stat to hone hit testimnyp admitted mill keso grcatlylessenedoastoeeduce the quetion toone of cam- parativelypmuch less importance. If the colored race in this  countttrhae fulyad fily prtetedintheex~erieeand et- jeymtentof theireeewlyeacqied rightseoffeedom, then, entmy judgent, they tilt be aquiet tnd coteted peopleteunamhi- tious of any political privileges, r Rf Rny participatioe it the affaiers fthe gerent. Proteteedintheie personstand peep- cey, they my betimlted toe idstr-iousad econoicat byaes~ire to acqree propertycineodereto ducte thtemees antd their childreen, Rnd imprRve their phyical, mralR and intel- tectualeRonditon" I'IWhat theier coditionte asare may beeat the endof fiftyeoreahundred yeert, Itdoenotthinkany pesonis weenough to predict; but Re maRy reesRnably hope Rnd he- lieve that they wtell peegresst and imperve it intelligene Rnd tie- iltiont, andbecoeme, Rottmanyyeaet hence, the bet freeeagri- teltreai peasantey, fee otr teil ted Ulimtete, that the wrid bee eereRn" I "Ittinbk acue Rty hetsodrawnt a tttto ccom- pbtsh chit ebject and tt the sttee tite exciede the coiteed pteople fceet tny pattcipation he the afftirsto the germenteee" "May Atleighty Goed, ie wuhese htnds tee the destines of ett the ettites ef the eatht, ted wtithout whtoee hlessieg al your workhe wilt be ie vtte, eetightee your underteediegs se that yet maty tee, ted Rncline Pete witlt ce that yte mtty doehtteee witt edetete Hit gltey ted peremete the petce, tict heppiess ted the wetfere of tll the teeiclt of our beltved State. WtLLtAM -MARVtN, -PretitionattGoetreee." the Govteeeorseltecd hete knotee, fetet yetes of retligites teaiig, thathegoyf Godewouldentbedvaneedhpyex- Rluding feeoe the eight of citizenshitt netely tee-helf ef the pepe- ltdee of the Stete fee ee other criejt thee the coloe ef their thins. Net qeite hatfeof the te hte petted ice which the Gee- eenorcpeditedehteeloreed tpeopteweutd tetyhebeomedte hesteagricebturet peetaetey the weteId evee saw, ted yet he fieds theteery peepte Occupying eaeety atl the induteies, eccepa- tions ted petfeesitee thee tee tcried Re by theie Rhie beethees, ntwithstanding the great edde pgeiee theee by reetee eftcir forerte cteditite. The conveetion edjeeceed afereeesession ef tetve days, bet the Ceestitetite Ret Ret sebetted to the peopte fee ettiheta- CAPTA UEI LORtIA. 15 coutrcanefulltyeandfairlypeotecteedinthe exteetiseetnden- jeoemeet ef theic newty tcqeired eightt ef feeedete, thee, ie mty jutdget, they will beea quiet ted ceeteeted peepte, eunaehi- tieus ef aep petiticet peivitegee, oe ef tep paetitipetien ie the affairsofethegoereet. Peetected ietheir pecsoes aed prep- erty, theyemeybeetimeteted toeeiedeteiees ted econeemicat byeadeire to acquire peeperty ie oedee te edecate themelets ted theit chitdree, ted iempreve theie physicat, emteet ted intet- lecteet coeditioe." "' Whet theie ceeditiot et a ceace ecey he et the eedeoffiftyeoreachuded yeaet, Itdeeeottinkany pecsoeeis wieeeeeugheto predict; beetwe mety reasoneebtyhope ted he- tiete thee they eitt peegete ted imepeove ie itettigence ted tie- iliztidee, aed becomee, notemeny yeaes hence, thebestfeeegi- celturet peasentey, fee tee seit ted climeete, thee the weerld bet ever een." 1''tinkbeteclue teyep heoedaneseote cm plish ehie ebject ted et the cecee tiece exctede the cotered peepte frtee tey peeticipatiet inthde effeire of the geoveenet.'" "Mey Atemighty Ged, it ehese heeds tee the deteiniet ef all the nations ef the earth, ted withoue ehese blessing all your woeeks weitl be it Utt, ettightee ceur uedeetanedings se thee pee emaysee,tend iceiee yerewils sett pouemaydeewhtever wcilt advetee Hit gltey ted peremete the peace, the heappiess ted the etfaee efl eti ie peeocte ef tee belteed Stete. "WttLtCM MJARVtN, The Goeeeteethoeld bae kencee, fetee yeere ef religiots trainieg, thee the gtoryeof Gedeteuld nte aedvaeced bytex- cledieg ferem the ecght ef titicenship neerly tee-helf ef the pepe- ltdee of the Stete fee et ether Ueieee thee the telee ef teie skiet. Net queite belt ef the tiece bee petted int whith the Gee- cenerpediUeedeta heeecoloreed peepleteeld telyhbeeteteehe beet egrittitueel peeteetey the iweeld evee tew, ted yet he finds theseery peeple eceepyieg tetely ali the ineduetries, ececepa- titee ted profetsionst thee tee caeried Re icy eheir wehite beetheet, ntweithstaedieg the greet edde gaiet theem byreatee ef eheir foreere eonditiion. The teeteetion edjeereed eheteetsite ef telee days, bet the Contitution wee nt seucbmitted to the people fee eedheec- CARPETEM; RULE IN FLORIDA. 15 ceuntrycapetehfllyeendfirly prtected ietheeecieanden joytmentof their eel'ytacqeieed eighttof freedotm, tec, intmy jedgent, they wtill he a qeiet ted coteted peeple, tetamhi- tiete ef ety petiticel peivitegee, r ef tny peceiciptite ie the effeire ef the goereetnet. Peetected inteheir perstee ted peep- ety, they etyhbe timelted thehindetrdeet ted econeomital byeadeiree toecqeiee preperty inoederetedueeeheevesc ted eheie childee, ted itepeeve theic phyical, emteet ted ittel- leteel Uondition." "'Whet eheir teeditiet et a etee tety he at the tend of Shfy or a hundred years, I do nt think any persone is cite eough te peedit; bet we miay reetteebly hepe ted he- lieve thee they will peegets ted itmpetve it itelligence ted tie- ieztie,etndbecomte,teay yeaes hence,te betfeegi- cueteealpeasantey, fee tee tedl ted clicate, ehee theceteld hte eveetseet." " Itdh itclue ecey beeeodeewee to ccome - plish ti ebjece teed tthe seame timce etxcude the celored peeople feet tey peetciiptite it the effeiee ef the govternet." "Mey Altmighey tied, it ehtse beede tee the destitices ef all the ettiete ef the eteth, ted wieteot whotse blessieg all Petr weerks will be it ette, etlightee your endeestaedings st thee pee maty seetead teclee yeoeerewiotet pee mety deotbhateer wilt advaece Hie glery aed promoete the peace, tce happiness ted the welfare ef ell the peopcle of tee beleted Piece. WRILLAM MARVIN, "PrevisincleGoernore." 'The toerete eheeld hete beecwe, beet yeaee ef religitee traiieig, thee tee glerypef Gedewoeld nt beeadvenced bytex- etedieg freom the right ef ctiieeebip teerly tee-belt ef the pepe- ltdee ef the Seete fee ee other cricee thee the celte ef eheir skiet. Net qeite helf ef the tiece bes pessed it wehich the Gee- eenorepeedieted thaetteeeloed peopleeeouldenlyhebecoee beeteagileelee peasantey thetwcrld teetea, ted yetbhefids thete veey peeple eceepyieg teerly all the indutrciet, occupa- tiete ted peefeetioce thete carreied tee by eheic wehite beether, ntweitestandieg the gret eddc ageinst theet by reason ef eheir forerttecotdieiee. Tbhe conetion edjeeceed ehcftter e so f ewelte days, bet the Contitutiontewasent csubmitted to the peeple fee ettifite-  tion. 'fbere it no questio thatesome of the best taent in the Stotetwot elected to thecconvntiont. Jocige Bureitt, of Duval, en able neon ond en intence loyalit, wohen advised of hit etectien, was iono eMoth city, ond inmmediotelyembhorhed foe Jackson- vleon the itt-foted ttcemee Moont,'' o'hinh wao ost ae with oil on booed. Hod he heen petcmitted to tahe part in the cnveentionoand thetsuhtnquent eseose oftrecontroction, it is qoite prohohle thot differenetnrecots coooid hone hoen reached. judge Baltoeli, also, waes one of the mtot opright, ahte, eleer- heeded wenchets of the convntion, ond hod hit life hon spored hecwould have benpowernforoaw, odeed goeonment. He cone, cihoot doubt, the ehiest coon in the convntion, and thoeoughlyfloyalitotheoetoed ciil goneenwent. George K. Wolheecoosconeoof the poreetondhbettmen oftheldregime. He wasc in vey pooe heolth, hot he ca oot eanesoet in teehing in heermonize the conflicts geowing ot of the new condition nf offis,oandnoetohishoeder, peoceond ciilioco. Ononoc notion, cohen e mtemchee of the convention peoposedsoev- lenttcontittionolietictins uon the freedmen, he inooarnest and eloquent steains odcooished the memee end the convn- tionto en "rememee thot con aee heee only hy the grece of the Federol governwent, end itis net hecenming int onto deny en others the rights we eloiw foe ourselnes, end diseegond the chi- gntioes coe hone oaosnmed te the goenment through whose ih- erality we stied here free citiens of the Repubhie." tin. 'fhee is no question thoecsooe of the boot colet in the Stote cone elected tonthe conventin. juedge Beneite, of Donol, on ahin coon end on intenseeloyolit, cohen odnied of hit election, wasnin Non Yorh city, end iwmmediately emborhed foe Jacksn- viln the ill-foted seteen " Mont," which coot tot ot sea withoall onboard. fled he ben peercitedetoethe port iothe conventiooead thesbequent measuresoferecnstreuction,it is qoite probhohle thee differenesulcts could heve heeneachhod. judge Batzell, alco, coot one of che wool nyright, able, coe- heeded memersee of the convntion, end hod hit hife heen opened hetwouldhave ben poerforla, oderndgvermenet. Hte wet, cithoutedonht, theohblect coon in the centin, end thooughly loyol en the restneed ecvi goneremeet. George K. Walher coot one of the puest aed boot wet of the old negine. He wet in cony poor helth, but hneeasnot earnestin eehing en harmnze the eonflicts grnoing ot of the nnew conditin of affairs,oendtoetahblih ode, peaceedciniltoco. Oneoneeoc- notion, cohee o mewber of the conventin peoposed sowe vo lentnncntiioetrictions uon theofeeedmneo, he jneernest end eloqont stroint adodniched the memere end the convn. tionto "roeehbee thee we one here only hy the geece ef the Federai goernment,oand iis net becomineg in on to deny en ethers the rightsw ceaime fee ourelves, end disregoed the chi- gaions we hone astuwed to the goenment throgh whote libe- entlity we stand heee free citizens of ihe Repubhic." tin. Thcre it no qtuetin thee soo f the boot taent in the State coot elected en the convntion. jodge Boedett, of Duvai, en able wee end en intoen loyolict, cohen odnied of hit electiono, coot in Non Yoth city, end immediatelynwebared foe Jackon- viln the ill-feted seaer ''Monet," which ca oot at 00 a witalnboard. Hod be beet permeittedtoetake paron eh cneonenand theehubeqent weasuresof recontrten , itie qoite probehle thee diffneren esuts wonld hone been reaoched. judfge Baltzoeli, also, woe one of the wost upright, able, cleer- heeded wewbecs of the convntin, end hod hit life been syared heewoeld haebeenaoopwerfnortlwoderadgnovnmwet. He wee, withoutedonb, tebest wee in tbc conentin, end thoroufhtyinoyalttnhenetneed cievil gocvetwment. GoreK. Walkeewastoneof the puest end beet wen of theolid negie. He wasinvery poorealoth,bt hceowasemot enest incteekoing in heronize the conflicts growing out of the new condition of offairs, endtn etblhhorde, peacedindcieilla. Ononoc casin, whet a wmocber of the convention proponed toeto lent contitutinai restrictins uon the feedmen,he inearnest end eloquent straint admnished the memere end the conven- tineon toeember thet e on eroo only by the geece of the Federal goernment, and itis net becong it ns o deny to othees the nights we doam foe ouelnens, ond ditegeed the obhi- gntioes we hone ossumed in the fovnent though wehoin libe- erality we staed hone free citizens of the Repoblic."  CHAPTER III. The 0ecdon eof the Firel Geo after the Civil We-, end the Orgaizt/ion of the Legislae/ under thk Constlitutions of z8f65. The Retvarks by Govof N ri Meet-o e Inuguatefim. Yhe Feence of Negro Troops Caotes Great &eisfbes. E- trsacts -From Gooveor WVa//tee ehtege. Reoeeow of ComitteeAppointedy Coneniont. Laws Passed by th Goetel Aseby anth Odot Workings. Twenty-two days after the macking and the adoption of the Maroin Constitution, an election teas held for Governor and other State officers. There seeos to hove beeo no opposition candi- date for Goveenor, aod cc nomtioations were moade foe that office. The old lice Whigs seem to hove had an understanding that they would not vote toe a Deocroat, asethey charged the Demo- cratsvwith havioghbrought on theowae, and asD. S. Walherehad higured so protoinently in the politict of the State, hoeing been eleoted 000 of the judges of the Supree Cooet, cod one of the ot populae lechoers of the old Whig patty, he became the can- didate foe Gooeeoe by general consent, Detoocratshbeing anx. ious to get book into the Uoion by the help of eithee frend or foe. The eleotion teas held oo the 29th of Deoetohee, and re- totted it the eleotioo of D. S. Walkee, he receiving five thou. eanh eight hunredoond seventy-three votes, with onlyreightevotes cast againtt him. The Legislature met December stth, x865i, and elected Joseph John Willias, of Leon County, Speaker, against GTroup Maxwell, ofLeon,hbyavoteof twenty to The too Houses, aftee the permanent Oeganization, met in joint sessioand canvassed the voteforeGverno, and declaed Walker's election. W. W. J. Kelly, whose vote was only two thoosand foot hondeed and seventy-three, was declaed elected Lieotenant-Governor. After tome preparations the Governor- elect came forward, accompanied by Governor Macovint be inaugurated. Governor Marvin addressed the Leginlatnee, and CHAPTER III. The Nec/iou of tde Fit Gotoo af/ter the Ce/ut We, end thk Organiza/ion of the Logicla/ce onrthee Cons/i/ntion of,,td. The Reetae-dby GovenoreAeviueal/te lnuet-ei. Tke Pesencoe of Negro Tr-oopsa Cacocea Gret Slensiiheeea. Ex-c /tracts Feres Cot-et-oe Waerov Mesage. _Reoessrsd~fiVtse ofCommittee Appoiu/ed byConetion. LasmPased byltk Gonora/ Acacto/ty, antheirot Worintgs. Twoenty-tteo hays after the making cud the adoption of the Marvin Coustitution, an election teas held foreGoveenor and other State officers. Tbre seemto to have heo to opposition candi- date foe Governor, and cc nomeinations tere made foe that office The old lioe Whigs teemn to hoe had an uderstanding that they wuld cot vote foe a Democrat, at they charged the Demo- cratvmwithbhavingbrought on the moe, and asD. S. Walker had figured so promineutly in the politics of the State, having been elected oe of the judges of the Supreme Court, cod one of the mostpopulareleaders ofthe ld Whig party, hehbecame the can- didate foe Govrnor by general cousent, Democrats being anx- iosto gee back onto the Union by the help of either friend or foe. The election was held on the 29th of December, and re- totted in the election of D. S. Walker, he receiving five thou- eaod eight hoedredaud seventy-three votes, with only righteotes cast against him. The Legislature mel December 18th, 1865, and elected Joseph John Williams, of Leon County, Speaker, against G.Troup Maxwell, ofLeo,hby avoteof wentyeo The twu Houses, after the permanent organization, met in joint sessioo and canvassed the vote for Gvernr, and declared Walker's election. W. W. J. Kelly, whose vote was only two thousand four hundred and seventy-three, was declared elected Lieutenat-Governor. After some preparations the Governn- elect came forward, accompanied by Guvernor Marvin, to be inaugnrated. Governor Maein addressed the Legislature, and CHAPTER Ill. Th e Alectios of Ode Fit Gov-ernor after the Civil We,-, end Me Orgauizatiou of e Legislure underethe Consituions of S. The Remarks by Gotet-eovMan t'iue//Ineaguraion. Tke Feenuce of Negro Tvoops Caosesetl Sesies. Re- tracts From Goto Waer's Mleeege. Recomenssedeil/ss ofCoesmittee Appointed by Cute/io. Laws Passed by the Geeral Aseees/f, anthedi- Wet-hinge. Twcenty-twoe days after the makiog and the adoption uf the Marvin Constitution, 00 electiou tees held for Goveruor aod other State officers. There terms to have been no oppotition candi- date for Governor, cud no nomtinations mere made foe that office. the old live Whigs seem to have had an understandiog that theywould not vote/for aDemcrat, as they charged the Dem. cratsmwithbhaving brought on the tear, and as D. S. Walker had figated so prominently in the politics of the State, having been elected cooe of the judges of the Supreme Court, cod one of the most popular leaders of the old Whig party, hr became the can- didate for Govcernor by genrat consent, Democrats being anx. iosto got hack into the Union by the help of either friend or for. The election tees held on the 29th of December, and re- sulted in the election of D. S. Walker, hr receiving live thou- sand eight hundredandtseventy-threervte, with onlyreightevotes cast against him. The Legislature met December sfith, z8lI5, and elected Joseph John Williams, of Leon County, Speaker, against G. Troop Maxweellof Leon, by a vote of twenty to The tweo Houses, after the permanent organization, met in joint sessioand canvased the vote for Gvernor, and declared Walker's election. W. W. J. Kelly, whose vote was only two thousand four hundred cod seventy-three, was declared elected Lieutetant-Governor. After some preparations the Governor- elect rome forward, accompanied by Governor Marvin, to be inaugurated. Governoe Marvin addressed the Legislature, and  recited to themt the great difficoltien he had to encouter, as Provinional Goernor, in establishing a ociti goenment, and how-he foundthe tate governtment overthrown and postrated, with no money in the Treannory; and praining in thn highest teermn the woth done hy the conoention, in incorportsing in the Conttitution that "'neithee slavery not inooluntaey nervitode shall in futnee exist in thin State, eocept as a punishment foe ceimne wheeof the potty shalt hove beent conoicted hy the couets of thin State, and that ail the inhahitants of tho State, without din- tinction of colon, are free and shall enjoy the eights of pertson and property without distinction of color; and that in all crimi- nal proceedings fostnded opon ass injuryytooaolored pernon, and in allicases afecting the rights and remedies of cotored per- sons, no person shall be incompetent to testiff asa nitnesson acnons of color." Htt retminded them of the ation of the conventon in repusdiating the State debt contranted in tappet of the rebellion, and of the ordinanoenusollifying secssion,. And furthetto assurethem ham hseartily ho enorsed the ptolicy of the preevious cosnention, pointed theet to the tans that he had humhty oheyed the request of the onvention that the cvomfi nets of the Confederate State Governmesnt, enho had been sus- pended at the surrendee, by the msilitary austhority, had been di- tented by him to resame the exerniae of tlseir respective offices. The colored troops, snhich the conntsion had by resolutionre queted the Gonertntor toteser himsself to hone removed from the icterine of she State, he infoesmed them had neatly ott heen removed to the seaboard by the fGeneral inncommandl at that time. He recommetded, amosng other things, that a law should he pased that where a taboree bad enteed into a cnraan in writing hefore the judge of Prohate an a justine of the Peace, to lahoe uon a plantation fat ace yeas for n-ages, at a pat of the atop, and the cntrant speihedthe cages so be paid, and the foodstohbegiven, that if the lahoree abandoned the service of his employee, or wan ohbsect therefrom two days without the leant of his employee, at failed without just cause in other important particulars so perform his poet of the contract, that thens ht may he arresed bythe proper trihunal, and if found guiltyca hean- ing of the case, he sentenced to lahor dating the unexpired teem, swithout pay, uon the igways, in a goverment wnorkshop, reted to them the greaot difficulties be bad to encounter, as Pronisional Goenor, in establishing a ninil governmsent, and hhe found the State gonernmtent onethromnandpostrated, wihno money in the Tresury; and praising in the hightest teems the math done by the convention, in innoeporatin:1 in she Cnstitutsion that II neithee slaverynor involusntary servitude shall in future exist in this State, exceps as a punishment forecrime whereof the patty shall bhave beets cnvcted by the courts of tbis State, and that all the inhbitants of the State, mithout dis- tinaionnof nolan, ate free and shall enjoysthe tights of person and property without distinction of color; and that inail crimi- cal proceedings fontded upon an injuty toa notated person, and in all cases affecting therights and emediesofnoloed pea- suns, npersonushallhbe incompetent to testify asa mitntegsuon acnontof clor."~ Heereminded themof the actiaolfshe covninin repuadiating the State debt contracted in suppoet of tht rebellion, and of the ordinance nullifying seession,. And furteretoassuretthem boo- heartilybhe endorsed the psoliny of the previousnconvention, pointtd sheet to the fans that be had humbly obeyed the requaest of the nonvention that the civit nffl- nets of the Confedeate State Gocvement, oho had beten sus- pended at the surender, by the mtilitary athoeity, had been di- rectedhby him toesume thetexecise of theirnrespective offines. The colored toops, whichs the convnstion had by resolutionre quested the Governor so exert himsself so bane removed from she interior of the State, he informeed them bad neatly sll beta remoed to the seaboardby the Generalin omsmand tthat time. He recommtended, amosng other things, that a tan should he pased that s-here a laborer had enered into a cnat in writing before the judge of Probate at a justine nf the Peace, so laoe upon a plantatioss foe one peat foe wages, on a pass of the atop, and tbe contrant specified the wages so be paid, and the food to begiven, that if the laborer abandoned the serviceof his tmployer, urs abhsect therefrom two days without the leant of his employee, at failed without jaust caase in other important particulars so perform his poet of the contrant, tbat thess he may he attested by the peeper tribual, and if found guilty nna heat- ing of the case, he sentenned to labut doring the unexpieed seem, without pay, upon the higmays, in a gonerment workhop, recited to them the geat diffinulties be bad so encontee, as Provisional Govenor, in establishing a nitvil government, and hose he faund the State goveenment overthrown and prostrated, with noumoneyin the Treasury; and praising in the highest teems the woth done by the connention, its innorporating in the Costitutsion that " either slanecry non invoossntary servitude shall in future exint in this State, eonepsas a punishment fsrscrime whereof the patty shall bane beets convicted hy the caurts of this State, and that all the inhabitants of she State, withot dis- tinction of anono, ate free and shall enjoy the nights at persn and propertywithout distinctionnof colas; and tbat inallncimi- cat proceedings fossnded upon ass injonyto a clored person, and in all cases affentingthesigbts andnremediesofnucooed per- nuns, no person shallibe incompetent to testify as a sinessuon account of aotos." He reminded them of the action of the anvention in repsudiating she State debt contracted in support of the rebellion, and of the ordinanceonllifying scssions. And furthetassuretttem boo hteartily he endorsed the stolicyof the previousnconventions, pointed thes to the fact that he had humbly obeyed the sequent of the conention that the ciil oi- cesof theConfederate State Governmentswho had been sus- pended as the surrender, by ste msilitary austhority, had been di- seased by him touresume tberexecise of themr sespeosion offices. The notated troops, which the cnenstion had by annotationre quested the Governnr taneset hisnelf so bate renmoved from the interior of the State, be inforsmed them bad neatly nil been removed so the seahoard by the Geneal in commandl at that time. He recommended, assong ashes things, that a tan shuld hespassed tbatwhere a laborer had entered enta a contrant in welting before the judge of Probate or a justice of the Peace, to tahoe upon a plantation for one peat foe wages, on a past of the atop, and the cnacat specified tbe wages to be paid, and the food to beginen, that if the labuses abandoned the serviianof his employer, us was absent therefrom to days without the leans of his employee, on failed withoutjuott cause in other important particutars to perform his part of the contract, that thess he may he arrtetdby the proper tribunal, and if found guilty nsa hear- ing of the case, he sentenced to laoe dating the unexpired term, without pay, upon the higmays, in a gonerment worshop,  CARPTBAGRULEIN FORID. 9 or utpon a goveenmeent plantation to be tented or bought either by the State or by the different County Cssmmtissioners in their eespective counies. He said that the faith af the cation mas pledged foe the protectin ef the freednmen, and those whbo had been loyal so the governenet dating the rebhellion. Hate the Goveenoe could weith any degreeeof reasoe coeceive the idea that the Confedeeate State Governteent that had, during the snot, hunted the Ueion mten lihe the parteidge oe the mtountains, and bad denounced sheet as desetters and spies to the Confedetate cause, and wehose people had lost the stetvices of that meost s-ala- ahle adjunct, the negto, whose stalweaet aero had foe years filled theirthoestwith luxuey, could deal justlytwith these too ele- mtents it heyond comtpeension. Aftee giving thene all the ad- vantages of religious taining twhich inspites a sense of jastice, yet itsis not huanen to base espected themt at tbat period tn be ableto deal faily and jutlytwith thosetwolases ofure population. Is eight he infected fromt the attitode of the conten- tion relative to the teetotal of the coloted troops fromthbein- terior that the blush soldiers stationtd in the different poets of Florida at the clate of the warweretvey oerhaing in theit cnduct toward thetslaeholdto, and incited the fteedmen to lawlessness; hot suchetas not the cse. Thete werteseveral coloted regimtents scattered through the interiot; amongsthem wsta the Second United States Coloted Infantry, taised at Wash- ington, D. C., tweo-thirds of its membeeshbeing es-slates, and dat- ing the entire time they wtere stationed bere I know- of no com- plains made against them of any misconduct toward the ex- slateboldees. In fact, mhen any of the wehiletcitizens wete ac- cused or attested foe any offense against the military autheeiite, theyewould alwapserequestthe officerein command so havesthem accessed adgoarded by the colored scoops. They wete spoken of by the wh~its in the tety highest seems as so theit conduct and general appearante, andthousands ofmwhitesmwooldcome oustoswitnestheirdretsparade, andstould oftenebingut theirefamilie, adnotoneewordof insult was eerffered to thesm onless fist insulted by the es-slas-eholdee-mhu was always toe ow fellote who had shieked the Confederate army, and who imagined that such insults would palliate his shame. The tea- sue wehy they desired the colured troups removed wan that they at spun a govetnmeet plantation so be tented at bought either by the State or by the different County Commissionets in their respective counties. He said that the faith uf the nation teas pledged foe the protection of the freedmen, aod those whbo had been lupal so the govetnment dating the rebhellion. Hum the Guvernurtoouldwih ay degreeoftreasontcoceiveetheidta that the Confedterate State Governmeut that had, doting the teat, hunted the Union men like the partridge ou the mtountains, and had denounced them as deserters and spies so the Confederate cause, and whose peoplethadlost thetservicesof thatmosttal- uble adjunct, the egeo, wehost stalweart atm had foe yeats Siled thtirehoesswith luourp, could deal justly with these two tle- ments is beyond compreension. After giving them all the ad- sausages of religious taining wehich inspires attenst uf justice, yetsitis not humane so havetaxpected them at that period to be ablestodel failynd juslymwiththose twoclasses ofaour population. It might be infected from the attitude tf the conven- sian relative to the removal of the solaced troops from the in- teriorethatthe blush soldiets stationed in the different parts of Florida as the close of them wat wereeryoverbearing intheir conduct towurd the ee-slaveholdees, and incitedsthe freedmeneto lamlessness; hut suchhmut not the cast. There mete several solaced tegiments scattered through the interioe; among them wat the Seond United States Colored Infantry, raised at Wash- ington, D. C., tmo-thirdsuof its membetsubeing ta-slates, and dot- ing the entice time they mete statiuned bere I know of no com- plaint made against them of asy misconduct toward the ex- slusehaldecs. In fuss, mhen any of the mhite citizens mere ac- cusedu oreerested for anyaoffense againststhe miliary authoities, they would almayscrequest the officerein command to have them attested and guarded by the colored toops. They mere spoken of by she tehites in the very highest teems as to their conduct and general appeatanee, and thousands uf tehites mould toee outtowitneessbeidressmparad, andwoulduoftenebingut theie families, andnotoemord of insultmwas tote offeed to theet unless herst insulted by' the ex-slavehuldee-mho mat almays soelam fellow weho had shirked the Confederate army, and whu imagined that such intults mould palliate his shame. The tea- sue wehy they desired the solaced troups removed mat that they at uspon a government plantation so he tented at boughs ether by the State or by the diffettent County Commissioners in theit respective counties. He suid that the faith of the nation mat pledged fot the protection of the freedmen, and thuse mho had been loyal to the goverumeet dating the rehellion. Hate the Goveenorecould mitS any degree of reason conceive the idea that the Confederate State Govetnent thas bad, during the war, hunted the Union men like the partridge on the msoontains, and had densuesed them as deserters and spies so the Confederate cuse, admwhose peoplehbad lost the servicesofsthatmosstal- able adjunct, the negtu, abuse stalat atm bud foe yeats Sied theirehomeswith lauuy, could deal justlymwith these tmo ele- ments is heyond compeensio. After giving them all the ud- sausages of teligious training tehich inspires a tease of justice, yetsitis eat humaneetohave epected them us that period to he ahle to deal fairly and justlymwith those twouclasses ofurc population. Is might he infeteed from the attitade of the tastes- tiunrelutive totheeemoval of the saluted troops fromthe in- terior that the blush soldiers stationed in the different pacts of Floridauat the closeuof them wat weeveryoerearing in their cunduct toard the e-slaeholdes, and incited thefeedmenetu lamlessness; hut suchmwas eat the cute. There mete sevteral saluted regim eats scattrthrugh the inertior; among theme was the Second United States Colored Infantry, raised at Wash- ington, D. C.,two-thirdsof ismembers eig e-slavts, and due- ing the eatie time they mete stationed hete I beam af no com- plaint made against them of any misconuctatomard thetax- slas-eholdets. In fact, wen any of the wehite citizens mere at- tused ot attested foraty oyffense agaisttebmilitary authoeiies, they would alwaystequestte ffctein commandto havesthem attested and gurdedhby the colured traops. Theymwerespoken of hy the wiites in the stepy highest teems us so their conduct and geeeal appearance, and thousunds of inhites mould come outtomwitnessstheircdress parade,andmuoulduoftenebigut theiefamilies,andunotuoemord ofinsultmwas tvee offered to them unless Senst insulted by' the es-slaseholdee-mho teas almays same lom fellom mbo had shirked the Confedeeateearmy, and mho imagined that such insults mould palliute his shame. The tea- son mhy they desired the solaced troups removed mms that they  believed the freedene swoold ho indooed by the preeeee of these soldiers to be coontinuaolly lying aouond thtie ooomps to the negteot of theie otops, hot theto fears were oofoooded; foe the freeden weeseldoom seen aooooo the ooaope ootooo theyooae oex ehoege poodoote foe sotdier clothes oe foe money. Abtet Goooeror Moroin hod ooolodod hit remaootb, Hoc, D5. S. Walker, Goerneoe-elect, ooomeforwartdond took tho ooth of offioe, which so odosinissted by the Hoe. C. H. Dopoot, Chief jostice. The Gooeroeganfo his oddesos by woaroiog the jot Asembly andsthetotfgeoodiencegist tho bitterness of potty srifo, ohich foot years preously hod plooged the ouo- try inoocivitwor. He soid: "Bty foiliof to rtfard the disinterested wartninfs of she Ftter of hit cooootry ogaiott the hootfol effeott of the spitit of party,and particularlywhefounded onsfogrphicaltdieiti- eotioc; by omtittinf, os ho odvised, to resoembortshot thejeol- oosy of ofeeeoopte ought to ho ooostootly oowake ofoionst the iesiduooeoiles of foteifo iofouenoe, aod bycnegloestiog, as he reosomeoded, to frowo indifnantly upoe she berst doaon op of everyoatteetto olients ony porsion of oor oootryfroeo she test, ot to enfeeble the sooted ties swhioh cost liok tofethet the oorious poto, the people of the Uoited Stotes, neosly hove yeors ago, beooameinolvtedinothettteifioiilestifetwhich hasboute- otestly tnded. We cost hopetshot by o etriot odhereoce iso his odvioe, the oeity of the gooeronoeot whioh coostitss one00 peoplewilltogainobeomotedeartoous." The Gooeror thee totoed hitoatteotioo to the sobjeot of se- cessioo, which ho oatempted to defeod in overyoastute maoonee, weell colooloted to leaod she yooth of the Stote to beliote thaot it waosright. He said: " Dorief the lose ochoppy cooflict, somt of os eroe knsown s Union moe; somt os Coestitotiooot Secessioeists ; ood othees asRevolotiooists. A gloriooe oppotuooity is noow offorded so flief owoy shese natot, oed ebbh them tho steifes they hoop ten- gentdered, and to toeet, os brethrene ought to totet, opor the ptotforms of the Coestitution whbich oct fothess maode foe oe i 1787. If Ishl ebote pesrmitted to odmsieister she fgoecnment, I shotl hnow' n0 distinctioes between citizttns ott account of post politicol diffeseces. I will cot ceondemnc she Uncion tooc, he, behieted she freedmen weould be indooed by she peeseece of these eoldiers to be oontinoatly lyiog aouood teit ootops so she neflect of their crops, hot these feotars efoonded; foe the freedtoen weeseldoto steen aouod the ootopsootoss theycotot to es- chone psodoos foe soldier clothes or foe money. Aftet Gotesor Morvie hod onotoded hio rtemoebs, Hoe. D. S. Wle,Goeroo-elect,ootoeforwaordoondooktsheoth of offioe, whiob waos odtoieistered by she Hoe. C. H. Dutpoos, Chief juetice. The Gooveos befan his oddess by waorning the joint Aemobly osd the lorgeoodiencetogiost she bteroess of potty serife, obich foot yeors previously hod plonfed she oon- tsy iooioilswar. He soid: "By foihingtosegard she disienterested watninfs of she Fathertof hiseountryoagainst the boefot effets of theoypiritof porty,oondporticolorlyowhonfoonded on feofraphicaldiscioi- nosion; by ootitting, os he odvised, to retoetober shot shejeol- ooey ofoafeeyeopleogtoeostotlysawaoe afainst the iosiduooowideo of foreigo influeooe, ond bytfglectinf, ts be recoended, to frowo indifnontlyuoneshe bert doetongof oeeyoattempt to olienose any yotion of oor cotsyfrom she rest, ortso tenfeeble the saosed sits swhioh noow liok togesher she oosioos porse, she people of she Uoited Stoates, steerly hove yeors ao, becomeinvolved io theterrificiviltifeswhichsobouttr- otestly tnded. We eowo hope shot by a stokct odherenoce so his odvice, the unity of she gooernentee chich coessisotes 00 ont peopleedillogainbeomoe deartoous." The Gooteortshen tred his ottsetioe to she sobjeot of so- cssion, wohich be ottetopted to defend ie o seep ossotemanr wsell coloolted so lead she yooth of she Stoto to believe shot is toastifht. Hesoid: I'IDoring she loatoouhoppy confliot, somt of os were bknown as Uniontomen; someoaoeCositotionaoteesiooits; ondothers asRevolotionists. A glorioos opportoeity ie eoweoffortsd to flinf oawoy shese natots, ocd ebbh sheto the steifee they hos(!en- gedeed,oandto metet,oas brethrene oght to totet, epon. she plotfosrm of she Coestitution swbioh oor fothess cae-d foe si 1787. Sf5I shotS he pertoitted to odtoicistee she fgovectoent, I sholl bos co disieosioos hbetecn citisens 00 occoent of post peholldiffersces. Itwill cot coedetoeths Ueion tooc he- betitoed she freedtoee woold be indoced bytshe preseoce of these soldiers so he coctinoolly lyinf aouood their cotops to she neflect of theit crops, hot shee feoss were onfooned; foe she freedtoen weeseldomseenc aouood she cotops octets theyootoe totex- chanfe peodocs foe soldiet otothee ot foe tooey. Abtet Goveteot Morsic hod concloded his remtoots, Hoe. D. S. Wolker, Govteo-elete, cametforwaord sod took the ooth of office, ohich coo odtoinistered by the tioo. C. H. Dopocs, Chief jootice. The Goovenor begon his oddeess by worning the joiet Assetobty ood she larfe oodiencetagoiost she bitteroness of porty seife, ohioh foot yeas previoosly hod plonged the oon- try intoeivilswo. Hesoid: "By foiig so regord the disinterested warntings of the Fothee of his oontry against the bootfol effeots of the syisit of porty,endporiolrlyewhenofoonded on feographicaltdiscrito- notioo; by oittinf, os be odvised, to remte-ertshot shejeol- ooey ofoafree peopleoufgshtobecosatlyswoke ogoionst the iesiduoosiles of foreige ilece, ood byoneglectinf, s he reototooended, so frooe indiftontty opoe she first dosen Dg Of everysatteptsto olitoote anyyportion of our ooetryfromo she teest, os so eofeeble she saored ties whbich noto liok tofethet the voriooseparst, the people of she UnitedSttse, ntelyhfieearos ago, becamoeinvolved intheterifioiilestrife which hbubttr- censly toded. We nowe hope shot by o etriot odherenetso his odvioe, she onity of sthe gooestotent chich conestitts 00on people still again becomet dear to se." T he Govesot thee toroed his ottention to the sobjeos of so- ceseioo, which he ottemopted to defend ic o oery astute maoer, wtell caloototed to leod she yooth of the fSoste so believe shot is wsoright. He soid: " IDotiof the lose ooboppy coeflict, tomt of us coot kown ao Unioo toe; sotot 00 Constitosioeol Soottsiooistt ; oed ethees asReotionists. A glosiooe opportoeity is nooaforded to flinf owoy these natoes, ond ebbh theto the stoifes they hoot to- geneoed, and so totet, os brethenougOht to totet, epo. she plotforto of the Consitotioc wchourte fothees toode foe s so 1787. If1I eholl be permeitted so odtoinistes she fgovernetont, I shotS bowost0 dietictions betweencoitizens 00 ocouet of pot political differences. Ccwitt cot condecthe Uncioc tooc he-  cueI knowt fteom experiettce htaw ceompletely the late ttf the Ueiontbecoesea partaof ou ey eitee, antd how'it it n deared toustby a thousndgoious recolections and at anty brilliantt atnticipatiettt. I beoa that the heat ot Fiatida's great- esttandmtrenowntedcitieettalitealy brekettby thenseve- anceaofthe Union. NortwilltIcodemnt the Constitutioal Se- cessionistt becasetIheeowtat, though hedifferedterom me, bisaideatf the quaestion aas supported byarguments, ift tn- ansawerable, yet of great plaasibility, attd by the autheeity et manyaofthegeatt namesthattbit cotayhaeteeprdced. NoreyetawillIconedcemn the Revoalutioist, tat I knowntbat he, tbetugb aigieally eoppoted aocecetsion, wtent ieta the eat, after tbetfactasadone, uponethe cotnvictionthat itas noeletngertan opetn question, atnd tbat it wase the dty of et'eryman t stntd orefall with bit owaeectiotn. lnfact, greatquetioastcttected wthe tbc entegeityaof tbe Uniona aete, befeee the war, eetetttet- tied, aed te apieieet ef geat aten tovaied, thet it reqaired aatan geatlyttuperiore tyseftt ayteith ceetaititytt'hetwat eight eed wbo wastarong. Seeing the differet, luiaiese which gutided aue teaplel ass nteastonished that thetery bettaen iaattrhttndaweefeandarayed inepetingans. Ieneedttat etueteate the hosttat geat ameab we teed with the iaatala Ciay tat the itntegeity at the Uttian atndagaitnst the decteitte ef se- 'eso.the iagic af eveett bet peaced thae they were eight. Bet aaoag tbate who held the contrary dacteiee that a State aight tecedc baam the Union widhoat infractiatt at the Federal Constitution, ae bend the naee ef each aent at Me. Ratete, a dhstinguished lawyet af Pennsylvania, te abate GeneeeaiWash- ingtoe mtate than ance tendered the office at Attorney-Geeral at the United Statet; Jabn Raedolph, af Roanehe; Nathaniel Macan, at Noeth Caealina; Me. Calhoun, at heath Caralina; P. P. Baebaar, a late jusatice at the Sepreeae Ceuet at the Celted Seatese; aed judge McKean, a late Cbiet jattice at the Supreme Couet af Penasylvania. These the adcacated the eight af retalutian qaoted the reaaes at Me. Webttee, that 'a hargain beaken ae ane tide wathrene at all tides,' and that 'if the North should eat obey the Constitution in regard to the tee- ditiaaaoftagitietslaees,thebaauthaaauldeaolanerbe hated by the coapact-' hit. Gteeley, thee, at eaw, a greet leadee at teause I ben team etperience hate coapleteiy the love at the Ueionehecoatesapartaof ourceryeitteece, aedho'nitit e- deated toautbyahoutad gleiaseecllecions and at etany beilliant anticipations. I heaw that the heaet at Flotida's geat- est andetasteaoaned citieeeeaaslteally beoken bytheeere- aeceof the Uion. Noreaill Icondemn theCosthtutional Se- csins.because I beew that, though be diffeted feoa ate, bittsideoftte queationa as tSportedby aeguetat,if eateon- anwrbeyet oftgeeat plattsibility, atd by the authoeity at manyeofttegeatetneates-tbat thistcountryhasee prdced. Noreyetawill Icodemna the Revolutioniia,foe Ihknothat he, thougb originally opposed toaecestion, weat ante the teae, after thetfa,.tewas doet upye conciction that bit a loegerten oeequeettion, adtat iteas the dutytfeeeyatan to stand oretall aith hisaawaaection. Inafact, great questionstcotnected with the inegrity at the Unien aete, befoee the eae, toeettet- dled, and the opiaiost at great teen toevaried, that it required atan gretldyteupetior to mtytelta to ap with ceetainityawho teat eight and who as rotng. Seeing the diffetent leminariet which geided eat teople amt aastonished that the very best mee inaaerlandaeetoud areayedinappoingeanht. I needeaot enuerate the hosteot great eten whe stood wih the immoretal Claytfoe the entegeity at the Utnian and against the doctrine at te- 'eso.The iogicatfecents hat procedthtatdteyeeeight. Bat amonagthasetnho held the contrary doctrine that a State mtighttsecede baam the Utioa withoutinfractionof the Fedeal Conttution, ae bend thetamesetfsuchamenaeM. Ratlna dittingaished laayee at Pennsylcania, ta wheet Ceneral Wath- ington tmote than once tendered the office at Atteetey-Geneeni oftthe UnitedbStates; John Randolph,tfRanoke; Nathaniel Macan, at Noeth Caeelina; hMe. Calhoun, at heath Catalina; P. P. Barbaue, a late justice at the Supeme Cauet at the United Statet; and judge McKcean, a late Chief juttice at the Suyremte Couet at Peatsylcania. Thate whe advocated the night at revolutionaquoted theetmarts oftM. Webstee, that 'a bargain brokea en one aide weat broken an all sides,' end that 'if theNorthbshouldenotaoeythe Constitutionainregartotheen- ditionaffgiticetslavee,thebaouthaaouldenologeehe hated by the compyact.' hMt. Gteeley, then, at nowe, a geat leaden at caase Iknow ferat experience hate completely the late at the Unionhbecoatesa paet ofaoreyeitence, and hawte hs en- deared touthy aethoutand gloriout recolhectiont and at teeny beilliant aeticipatin. I hknow that the heat at Flatida's geat- est andamostereaaaeedcitezenwasbltelly hrohen bytheteee aeceetfthe Ueion. Noreaill Icondemn theContihutioal Se- csinsbecaute I hante thtat, though he diffeted teaom ate, bitaside ot the question wasayyppotedhy aegument,if note- asealyet at geat tlasibility, atd by the authotity at mtanyaofte geatestenetes that ti couetryha eer produced. NoreyetwillIcoedmat theRevlutioist, tat Iknowathet he, though acigialy oyptosed to seceasion, tent ante the teat, abtet the factasa date, ayes tbcecniction that hait a longer en openequestion, andthat itas the dutyatfeveryaman tatand oall with bis ownasection. Inafactgeatqetionsconeected teith the integeityatf the Utioa were, betote the teat,souet dled, and tae opiniota at great teen to cetied, that it reqaired aangeedayueior toam seyltlttayteith ceetaieitytebatwaa tight and ahoeastatong. Seeing the diffetent luatinatiet nhich guided eat yeoplei at not astonished that theery betetn ineourlandaereaefud arryed inppiganha. Ieed not enueteate the hosttof geat etenteho stoadawith the imatoetal Clay tee the integeity at the Union and againtt the docteine at se- cettion. The logic at ecents hat peoced that they aete eight. Bat amoangthosaebwh held te contraty doctrine that a State atighttsecede tront the Unineitthout infractioneofthe Fedeal Contitbion, ae bend thenamesetfteuchamen atsMr. Raale, a distiegaished lateyer at Pennsylvaeia, to ahoet Geeneeal Wash- iegton tmate thee ance tendeted the effice at Atoeney-Geeneral at the United Seates; John Reedolph, at Ranoke; Nathaniel Macan, at Noeth Carolina; Me. Calhoun, at heath Catalina; P. P. Barbour, a late justice at the Supeme Court at the United States; end judge McKean, a late Chief jeetice at the Supemte Court at Penntylcaei. These tehoaedvcated the tight at reevolutioe quoted the reareh at Me. Webtste, that 'a bargain brohen on oe tide at broken an aSl tidet,' aed that 'if the Noth should net obey the Consetiin in regaed to the ten- ditionetftegiticeeslaves, theSouthawoldeno loegeehbe heend by the coatyact.' hMt. Greeley, thee, at nowe, a geat leadee at  Northensetiet, hod soid shat I'he oold nt see hoss twensty msillionts of people could eighsfolly hold ton, or tetes five, itsa Ueioeswith shes bysoilitooy foree;' oed again, ' if te or tight Stots shoold seod ogeets to Woshiogtoe to toy see waoesto gesoutof the Uion,hehoold feel ooestrioedhbyhis devo- tinto houmoo tights to soy, let thtem go.' te this oneetions he olso quosed the Dectorotioo of Iedeptodece, thot 'Goete- me ts ar oistitoted foe the heefis of the gooteed; ood thot woheo ooyfoero of goottnet hecoeses destrootive of these tends, it is the eight of the people so olter or abolish it, oed to isiueanwgoverneontt. Me. Liecoln, peioe to his first elto- tioe, hod ooceoswledged this peinciple, weith she oddisioe, shot not only a people, but any partof a people, beingsuffliientsin nuotersto maoke o respectohle governenetoight set op for theemseloet. Me. Tylee, a lose Peesideet of the Ueited fSoats, hetd to the docsejne of secessio,oond Me.Boohanan,the thee Peesideot of the United Stotee, sold, jot hefore she omoeoce- totes of the waor, shot swhile he thooght o Stote hod 00 eight so ltetv the Unoion, yet if she shoold toote it, the remasinieg Stoseswoold hoot so eight toocoeroe hter toetuoe. Amidst these vorioos oed coooticting oiese, oll soppoeted hy the highest athority, itsis eo seoder shot ooe people shoold hoot heten he- swildered, orthat, heing forbiddenoby the toee of totots, totre- mainoneustr,someshouldhaveoadheedtosthe Uionand othes to the Stose." the Gooeror test tored his otteetioo to shot problees wehioh hod perplexed she statesesan, the philootosopist ood the philosophee foe msore thoo holf aooeeturo :-' Whos sholl sot do withsthe Negro" He soid, "I thioh sot are hoood hy eveeyoosiderosioo o F doty, geositode ond interest, so soohe these people os eelighseoedt, peos- petoos oed hoypyoassheionewositsotionooill odesh. Foregee- eratoosoassthey hovebeenooe foithfllcooseosed ood hoppy slosts. They hooebeeo attoohedsto oue peesoes oed oor foe- tuoes, shoeiegswithousoal oorefeehongs,erejoioiogt s i u peosperty, emoureiegwihh ots in our adoertihy. Iftsheewe toceptions to this geeraol tote, they ere oely ondividool eocep- tioes. Etery Sooshete msoe soho hoots sot ksows shot swhos I say is listrllystrue in regard to theovast maoss of our oored Northerneseosiment,hod soidsthot 'heouoldenotseehbowtety meillions of people oold tightfolly hold see, or tote flee, ie Ueionswith sheet hysoiitoryforce;' ond agaie, ' if sevor tight Stoses shoold seed ogees so Washiegteon to soy see wees so getootofsthe Uoioe, heshoold feel ooestroieedhbyhi. deco- tioe so houmoe eights so toy, let sheet go.' to this ooeetioe he also quosed she Deolarotioe of Iedepeedeeoe, shot 'fGovere- ments onttuted foe she heeits of she goceessed; ond shot wohens oeyformo of governeete heomes detrtooice of these eods, it is the eight of she people so alter ot aooish it, aed so enstitote a nsew gootrneot. Me. Lieooln, priortso his fisteec- tion, hod oockoowledged this psincoiple, soith she oddisioe, shot notsonlyoapeople,houtany partofoapopl,eigsffiieetsie eomestso maoke o respeotohle governoment, soight set op foe theomselves. Mt. Tyler, o lose Presideet of the Ueited Stots, heldtosthe dotiee of secessioo, ond Me. Boohaooo, she thee Peesidees of she Uoited fSostes, soid, jot hefote shecomne menet of the soot, shot wohile he thooghs o Stose hod eo tight so leoee the Ueion, yes if she shoold leoce is, the remosieieg Sostes soold hoot to eight tocoeoce hertoetuoen.Amidst these vorioos oed oelting views, oll soppoesed hy she highest authority, it is nto wooder shot out people should havehbeeh e- widdered, or shot, heiog forhiddeo hy she tote of ecees, sore maiosetrael, somoeshoutld hose odhered so she Unsion oed oshees so she Stote." The Gocvernor oext turoed hit otteotioo so thot prohltem which hod perplexed she stotesmaoo, she philonthropist oand she philosophee foe mcore shoe holf aooentury :- Whhos sholl sot do weithethe Negeoi" Hetsoid: 1I s hinh sot Ott hoood hysotery oosideoatioe ofdoty, grotitded ioteest, tosmoketthteepeopleosohlghteed, pos- petos ood hoppyoasthiroeshuoionsoill odmoit, Foregeo- erotioes post they hoot heeo ooe faithful, contteoted ond hoppy slaos. 'They hoot hoonttacohed so oor persons ond oer foe- tooes,shoriegsoitsall oorfeelhogs,ejoioingsits i u peosperisy, emooroiogteith us inoor odveesht'. If shere ee eoceptiots so thit geoseoal tote, they ere only ondividool esoep- tions. Etety Sooshero mane sho heoss met hows shot what I soy is liteoallytrue in regard tostheoast toots of oorsolored Northere senetimoeet, hod soid shot ' he coold ooteehow twenetp moillioos of people oold rightfolly hold see, or eveo fiee, ie Uoionswith sheet hy milhoayforcot;' oed agaie, ' if sevenO or eight Stoses shoold seod ageoss so Woshiegtoe so soy see wsnesto get tout of the Union, he shoold feel oostrainedhbyhis devo- tioe so houman eights so soy, lee theet go.' to this oeiono he also quoted she Declartioo of Inepeedeneo, shot 'Gov-een- me tstr istoitosed foe the beoefit of she govereed' otad thot weheo ooy form of goveronseet heoets dtesteuctive of these tends, is is she eight of the people to olsee os oholish is, oed so isiueanwgovernet. Me. Linooln, peite to his fhst eleo- tioo, hod oaceoowledged this prinoiple, woish she oddisioe, that not onlyoapeopl,hbutoay patofoapeople,big suffiienstei eoumheos so maohe o rspectohle governoent, otight set op foe theomselves. MIt. Tylee, o lote Peesidens of she Ueited Stoses, heldto she dootriee of secoessiont, and Me. Boohaeoe, she thee Peesideos of the Ueited Stoses, toid, jost hefoe thecomne et of she soot, shot sohile he shooghe o Stote hod nto eight so leaoetshe Unioo, yes if she shoold leavetih, she seetaining Stotesewoold hov ot roight to coerce heestoetoto. Amidst thesetvorioosoandonfllictigvites, all sopportedhbythe highest oothority,iis nowoederthot oor peope should havteeohb- swildered, os that, heiog forhiddeo hy the tor of totets, tore maoinetral, soeshoold hoot odhered so the Uoioo ood othees so she Stole.' 'fhe Goottoos oext tored his otteotioo to shot prohlemo wehioh hod peeplexed the soatesmoo, she philosthropist ond the philosophee foe mcore thoo holf oocentory :- tWhot sholl sot do seith the Negro" He soid I e hienk sot are hoood hyteey coosiderotiot o.'doty, geasisode ood osteet, to etoke these psoyle us enlightented, pros- pesoos ond happy os their Otew situation soill odesit. Foe gen- eratioos poet they hove heeo oat foithfol, oosented ood hoppy sloves. Theyhohaebeoaotooheds toeu persoes ond sot foe- tuees, shoriogswihhosoll oorefeelings,eejoioingswihh tsno u prosperity,emouroiogswihh os ino r ooadesity. If sheiesoere exceptionsstothis geoteoal tote, they ere oely iediidool eocep- tioes. EveryfSouthern maoe who heosese knows thotwhatI say is literallytrue in regard to theovast mss of our colored  CARPTBAGRUL IN LORIA. 3 population. The tnorld has nev'er before seen such a body of slaves. Foe not only in peace, hot in tnae, they have been faith- fat to us. Doting snunh of the tinme nf the tate unhappy diffi- cultienFlorida had a greater nusnherof men in thnaersyhbe- yond hen limts than constitoted her entiee noting population. This of coorsenstripped sno dintricts of theireentieants-heue- ing inhabitants, and left one femnales and infant ohitdnen almt enclusivetysto the protection of our slavts. Theyprovedetrue toutheiretrust. Not one instance of insolt, Outeage on indigoity has evercomtes tomy kowledge. Theyeremained at homneand mtade peovisions foe oue aemy. Many of theen weent with one sons to the army, and there, too, proned their fidelisy-attend- ingethem uwhen melt, nutsing and caring forethem wnheo sick and wtounded. We all know' that many of themt wnere willing, and noose of them anxious, to take op arme in our coone. Although foe seneeal yearsmwithin sound of the gunn of thenvesseln of the Uoited States, foe six hundeed msiles along our seaoard, pet scaecely one in a thousand voluntaily leftnoue ageicultureal see- nice to tube sheltee aod freeedomounderthe flagof the Union. It is not tkein fault that they aee feee-they had nothing to do with is; that wsa beoughs aboot by the eesults and opeeations of the war. Butstheyaefeee. Theyare no longee ourecontented and happy stones, with an abondant sutpty of food and clothing foe themselnes and families, and the intelligence of a supeeioe eace to look ahead ond make alloecessay aeangemsents fo theie comsfoet. They ate nose a discontented and nobaypy people, manyofethene hoselesn and homeless, eoamingoabout in gangs onee the land, not knoming one day mheee the suspplies foe the nextsaeetocomefrom; expoed tothe racages of disease and famsine; exponed to the temptatins of theft and robbery, by mhich they aee ohten oceecome; snithout the intelligence to pro- nide foe themselves mhen melt, oreso care fce themseolvesswhen sick, and doomnedtontold sffeings andultiae exincion unless see inteevene foe theie protection and preeeeation. W~ill wnedoit? ferepeat,mweareeboundto do it, by eey conside- asian of geatitude and inseeest." The swhites being so some extent exasperated about thefee- dom of the slants, and not knowigmwhatstheie conduct might he as free laborees, talk of the impoetation of mhite tahoe from population. The woeld ban nevee beforee seen soch a body of stones. Foe not only in peace, hut in war, they bane been faith- fot to us. Doting much of the time of the late unhappy diffi- culties, Floeida had a geer numbertof men in the army be- pond bee limts than constituted bee entiee nosing population. This of coerse steipped many disteicts of Itie entiee aems-hene- ing inhabitants, and left out females and infant children utmost exclusivelysto the peotection of our slaves. They provedserue so theie tent. Not one instance of insult, outrage oe indignity basenerecomesto myhkowmledge. Theypeemained at home and made peovisions fot one aemy. Many of them wentmwith ooe sons to the army, and shere, too, penned tetir fidelity -attend. ing them when melt, nuesing and caring forethem wenesick and mounded. We all know that many of them meee milling, and noose of them anxious, to tube up aems in our cause. Although foe senvealyears mithin sound of the guns of the nessels of the United States, foe sin hundeed miles along one seaboaed, yet scaecely one in a thousandnvoluntarily left one agricultueal sr nice so take sheltee and freedom undee the flag of she Union. Itsis not theie fault that they use freet-they had nothsing to do mithit;- that washbroughtsabout by the results and operationseof the war. get they ate free. They aee no longter out conten ted and happy slants, with an abundant sutpty of food and clothing, foe themselvsn and families, and the intelligence of ausuperiot race to look ahead and make allonecessary aeeangements foe theie comfoet. They areeowadiscontented and unhappy people, many ofsthems hnsselessoand homeless, eaamingaboust insgangs overetheland, not knoming one dywhee the suppliesforeshe nextaeto come from; exposed so eteracages of disease and famine; exposed so the tempations ofsthefr anderobbeey, by mhich they are ofren overcome; mithout the intelligence so peo- nide foe themselvesmwhenswell, ot to care foe themselvestmhen sick, anddoomedsountldsffeingsand ltimateeticion ntess see interene efor their protection and peeseenation. Will me do it? I repeat, see ate bound to do it, by ecery considee- ation of geatitude and intest." The wnhites being so some extent exaspeeated about the free- dom of she stones, and not knomingmwhat theireconductsmight be an free laboees, talk of the impoetation of mhite tahoe from populatin. The moeld has never before seen such a body of stases. Foe not only in pence, but in mae, they bane been faith- ful so us. Dueing much of the time of the late unhappy diffi- culties, Floida had a gretsee number of men in the aemy be- pond bee limits than constituted bet entire noting population. This of couese steipped many disteicts of theie entire aems-bene.. ing inhabitants, and left one females and infant childeen almost exclusivelysto the peosectsion of oar slants. Theypronedstrue tn their teost. Not one instance of insult, outeage oe indignity has eneecomesto mykowledge. Theypeemuined at home and madeyprovisions for oue army. Maey tf them mentmwith one nuns to the army, and theee, sea, proned theie fidelity-attend- ingtmmwhenmwell, nursng aodcaing forthemmwhen sickhand woonded. W~e all bom that many of them mere milling, and some of them asnxius, to take op aems in our cuse. Although foe seveeal yeaes within sound of the guns of the nessels of the United States, foe six hundeed miles along toer se aboaed, yes scaecely one in a thousaodnvolntarily left ou ageicultueal see- nice so take shelter and freedom onder the flag of the Union. Itsis not theie faut that they are feree-they had nothing so do with it; ht s broughtuaboutby theeeslts and opeeations of the war. fist they tee free. They ate no longee otr coontented and happy slants, mith an abundant supeply of food and clothing fee themselvesoond families, and she intelligence of a superioe tacetso look ahead aod make allonecettaey arrangementt foe theie comfort. They ate now a discontented and unhappy people, many of then, houselenn and homeless, raming about inogangs oner the land, nut konsg one day mhee the supplies foe the nest artocome feom; exposed so thetoavages of disease and famine; exposed so the tempaionof theft anderobbery,by mhich they ate often ocercome; withoot the intelligence so peo- side foe themselvesmwhenscll, ot to care foe themselvesmwhn sick, aoddoomedto ntld uffeings adltimate etinction ulsweintervene for theirprotection and peeseevation. Will me do it? Ierepeat,sweareebound to doit, by evety considee- ation of geatitude and inteest." Trhe mhites being to some extent tuosperated about the free. dom of the slants, and not knomingmwhat theireconduct might he as free laborers, talk of the importation of mhite tahoe from  Germany,Ireetcnd,tcty cod othereountries,wa quite pevo- lent. At to this suebject the Goeno sid : "1But let us olweys remtemer that we haet laborinog cas of ourownt wch ienitled to the peeferonoe. It is ceotosuffi- cientetoccaythaccwhitetchboeisohepe. I trott'eaet noto foe degeaded ac to osto nteeset aooe. Buce iteest lon cwoold dicate thot it is hetter to give thete people empyloycoent ccd enablethemotosupotchoeosotve, thcnhaceothcceecccio uooooehaodscccoapupererooe; foe heee cheycae, cod heee, for eaelorcooe, theyoaeeobhigedtto stay. Woocostceebero thee these block eoeple areenaties of tleiscoootey cacl hae a pre-empytion righteto ho reoipieocs of owhaeer faors coo coy hoc-etohbectow. Weomustcprotecchom,ifocaginstcleom- petition, et coy eace agoinst the oxctions of cohito imomigracts. They will eopoot ourehtoohlaooersotodo as och cook enthic climateeosothey hacoveobe ccuootooced to coo cchicteoeerfoeto to more coethoeon lttudes. We know thot they canneot do it. Theycnevee did it foe uso asotaese, cod the ooperencoeof the lacttsioecoothc shocwscthct theycwill do neoterecsfeeden. Our fathees of 1783 koec-Ohec it tohoc hoe hlck men to do the teeth of three wehite ones, cod concequently, ic adjuctiog the cppoetionmooot of taxes opon the hasis of laor cod indcstey of the coney, eleee of the thirtoeen Stateso f the old onfedeea- tion reomended thaeer-cy hove blaoks he countced cc only thee. And if we can offer sofficon endutceoets, I amc ic- clioed to chiek that the hlach meoc, as c field tchoer ic oor cli- mitel roe-meoreeeffioieoccthat dce icorted wehite'' Referring to the qetione of cogco sffreo, theeGoeror said : ,,We haveoheenchleo gie anchonestaccd ocietiousa- senttoll that hoc heer. done, hoe eacoh oeof us kowsthot we oooldnotogive eier anohoest oroescieetious asseet to cogee cuffeage. Thereioenot oneof sochat weoldnotcfoo thatohe wascodoingcwrong,candfcarteieghiccelf-oecyect,his cociece cnd his duty to his contry ad too non itself, foe the ben- flee he eight heype to ohtain hy gecting book into th~e Unioo. Much asI orshipyed the Unio,eandomchoastIeoldejoioe toseecmySteooemoereoognizedas a moemer therof, yet it to bettee, a thousand timeoc hoete, thot sho shoold roemain out Goemany, Iteland, Italy cod etheoccotes, was qfoite preva- leet. As tothisohjectheov-eecorsid: ''Bee let uscaleaysemtemerthatce haeea lahorincleass of ourowneeehich isentidled tothe pefeenc. tte osotsuffi- cientto saythat white labor is oheaetr. I ceuctcee cr oo s foo degooded cc to consult inteest aonoe. Bee ineoceci ln wcoold dictate toot it is hettereco givo thoco popyle eocyloymcent aned enaehemoctooportcthmcseloes,cthanchave thememi upoe 000 haeds asc aaperce ;e foe bere they coe, cod hee, for ea or 00000 they coo obtiged to stoy. Wecmustemcemhber thee tee block people ae natioes of chic country anc haeeoa pre-empytioo eight to Ice recipiets of cwhoaoee favoecewe may haeeeobestoo-. We mteocpyotecbthem if eno giostce coo- petition, ct anyerateginst theeoxoctionscofowiteoicoe-igccs. Theyewillexpect oorblaok lboersct odo cc mcho cook enthic cltioeoe astey1havebeen ccusoeod to coo ce-ite onos performe tn oeo northern latitudes. We knoc chac they caceot do it. They never did it for us as slcaves, cod the exyer-ience of the lastoic mcoths thos fleet they ceill do eo becttera cfreedmen. Oue fatheet of elf3 keo'hcc it taes floe blaok cene to de the woeh of thee cehite oees, cod concsequently, ie adjustieg te appootionente of cocos upone the bacic of oaboe cod induostry etC oheoeetry, eleten of the thirtentatc flotof the old coefdoe- ticoeoocoomeoded oboe eveey floe blaoks he cooced as oely thee. Aced if ce 000 ofoer soffticn iodcemonos, I am in clined to thiek thee the hlck manc, as a field laboere iccu ci ae-ill pre moroe effioieent thee the imoted c-bite." Referring to tho qoostion of egoosuffeage,cteioenoro oaid : ",Weohebeenbleoto gieahoncestadoconsieniousca- seot tollethat boo beoer done, hoc eacohoe of os keoces tat we outdenotgieeicoer cobhontocon sientious aenctc toegec suofeoge. Theeiscotcooe of cc dtac wouldonot fee, thatohe wasecdoiegcewroog,cnd baeteriogissolf-reect-, hisoocosiee cod his dutyto hiscountrey cod to theoUnion itself, foe the ben- flee hie coight hoe to obtain by gettieg book ino the Union. Muchcas IoworhippedtheoUio,ad chasoIcoldejoie toeseeomyStce onoceomoeoreogeiedeas a moemethereeof, yet itcisoette, a thousaned imesobee, that he shold receete out 04 eCARPEBA ece- INFLRIA Geemaney, Ieeland, taly cod ether-ecountres, ce-c quite peeev-- loot. Ac to this sobject the Goerenooscid: " Bce lee cc alwacys reeer thee we have a laboring oboes of ourown cehioh istidled to the pefeence. ltis eotesuffi- cientctocsaythatcwhte labor to oheapto. I trustweoareonotcso flee degoaded as toonsuolt interestlone. But intersto ne ceootd diotteo toot itic hotec to gioetchese yeoploeemptoyento and enabletheo suppyotthemselves, thanohaehe emaine uponorehandscascyocauerce ; foe hee cheyccoe, cod here, for weal or woce. they areobged to coay. Weomcotceemer thee these block people ae natoves of chit councry cod haeee- pee-emoptioncightcto beoreciyieetsofewhacterfaorsc-eoay haeo e stoe. Weomust procecehhm, if notagaiico e om- petition,atcanyecratfeginstheexacionscofhiiociiccco. Theycwill expcot ourhlack laboerseoodo as och weok inothis clie asectbeyhabe enoo ccustoed tco eit onespefoerm iooeorthern latitudes. lye kow thae they cae-ot do it. Theyeer did it for use obolaes, cod the exyerienceoof the lastsixmconthschowsethatctheyefill do noteoros freden. Gee fathooc of 1783 booethet it taes fivo blaok moo to de the ceorh ef teet cehite oes, cod onosequeodly, to adjustiog the apoetionment of taxes upon the boots 0f oaboe cod inecstry of the coontey, eleen of the thiccen Staceoef the old oefdera- floe eecoended thee eery floe blaoks be oounted cc only three. Aod if cee can ofoer soffioionc iodcemoent, I, em tin- elined to think thee cho blaok moo, as a field laoee ice oue cli- mete, will preee emore efficiecththth imyoeced ce-ite." Referring to the question of cogoSuffrae, the Goero said : ,' oe have been cable to giv-e anhonest cod ocoscitousoas- coot toall that hascbee. done, hoc eacohone of us krocetoat ee ouoldotgiveoeitereanloneo coocinteious aentooto eo scifeego. Theeis otoncof ocethatcouldnot fee[thatche waesdoingcwrong, andbaetering his self-esypec,is cosienoe cod his duty to hiscounotry cod to tecUnion itself, foe the bene- flee be might hobo to obtaic by getting book into the Unon. MucohcasIorshiped theoUion,cand mchasIeoldejoie toseeomyftte oceooeeogoizedcas a meme her eof, yet it isee,cachousaodimesettoe, thatsheoshold eeeto out  of the Union, even as one of her subjugated provinces, than go back 'eviscerated of her manhood,' despoiled of her honor, re- creant to her duty, without her self-respect; and of course with- out the respect of the balance of mankind--a miserable thing, with seeds of moral and political death in herself, soon to be communicated to all her associates." With the feelings that existed at that period among a goodly number of the whites with reference to the freedom of the ne- gro, I must confess that it took a great deal of courage for the Governor to assert the negro's faithfulness to his master for gen- erations past and during the war. Although the assertion was true, I have no doubt that a majority of the whites desired to see the negro prosperous, at least as a laborer, and to be fully protected in his person and property, if gratitude was to be measured to hiot as his faithfulness had been measured to his former master. As to their contentment, happiness, and being supplied with food and clothing, the Governor and others may have fed and clothed their slaves abundantly, but not enough so as to make them desirous of remaining slaves or to make them contented. If such was the case it would not have been neces- sary for the Legislature, anterior to the war, to pass a law punish- ing white persons for cruelty to slaves. In fact, it is absolutely necessary in order to govern a slave to punish him more sevetely than it would be necessary for the law to punish a freeman . I think "The Life and Times of the Hon. Frederick Douglass" is conclusive on this point. I am confident if all these slaves the Governorspoke of had been called up at that time tney would have said to him that they felt quite happy, even while there were many who were destitute and had no home to go to. Yet most of these people were looked after by their former masters, as they had never left their premises. It was only those who had left the premises of, or those who had been driven away from, the places of their former masters, who were in danger of suffering. So the Governeot was right in the abstract, but not in the concrete. The following poem fully expresses the feelings of the freedmen before and after their liberation. t was written and delivered by John Wallace at the celebration of the seven CARPETBAG RULE IN FLORIDA. 25 of the Union, even as one of her subjugated provinces, than go back 'eviscerated of her manhood,' despoiled of her honor, re- creant to her duty, without her self-respect; and of course with- out the respect of the balance of mankind-a miserable thing, with seeds of moral and political death in herself, soon to be communicated to all her associates." With the feelings that existed at that period among a goodly number of the whites with reference to the freedom of the ne- gro, I must confess that it took a great deal of courage for the Governor to assert the negro's faithfulness to his master for gen- erations past and during the war. Although the assertion was true, I have no doubt that a majority of the whites desired to see the negro prosperous, at least as a laborer, and to be fully protected in his person and property, if gratitude was to be measured to him as his faithfulness had been measured to his former master. As to their contentment, happiness, and being supplied with food and clothing, the Governor and others may have fed and clothed their slaves abundantly, but not enough so as to make them desirous of remaining slaves or to make them contented. If such was the case it would not have been neces- sary for the Legislature, anterior to the war, to pass a law punish- ing white persons for cruelty to slaves. In fact, it is absolutely necessary in order to govern a slave to punish him more severely than it would be necessary for the law to punish a freeman. I think "The Life and Times of the Hon. Frederick Dougltss" is conclusive on this point. I am confident if all these slaves the Governorspoke of had been called up at that time tney would have said to him that they felt quite happy, even while there were many who were destitute and had no home to go to. Yet most of these people were looked after by their former masters, as they had never left their premises. It was only those who had left the premises of, or those who had been driven away from, the places of their former masters, who were in danger of suffering. So the Governot was right io the abstract, but not in the concrete. The following poem fully expreoses the feelings of the freedmen before and after their liberation. It was written and delivered by John Wallace at the celebration of the seven of the Union, even as one of her subjugated provinces, than go back 'eviscerated of her manhood,' despoiled of her honor, re- creant to her duty, without her self-respect; and of course with- out the respect of the balance of mankind--a miserable thing, with seeds of moral and political death in herself, soon to be communicated to all her associates." With the feelings that existed at that period among a goodly number of the whites with reference to the freedom of the ne- gro, I must confess that ittook a great deal of courage for the Governor to assert the negro's faithfulness to his master for gen- erations past and during the war. Although the assertion was true, I have no doubt that a majority of the whites desired to see the negro prosperous, at least as a laborer, and to be fully protected in his person and property, if gratitude was to be measured to him as his faithfulness had been measured to his former master. As to their contentment, happiness, and being supplied with food and clothing, the Governor and others may have fed and clothed their slaves abundantly, but not enough so as to make them desirous of remaining slaves or to make them contented. If such was the case it would not have been neces- sary for the Legislature, anterior to the war, to pass a law punish- ing white persons for cruelty to slaves. In fact, it is absolutely necessary in order to govern a slave to punish him more severely than it would be necessary for the law to punish a freeman. I think "The Life and Times of the Hon. Frederick Dougltss" is conclusive on this point. I am confident if all these slaves the Governorspoke of had been called up at that time ney would have said to him that they felt quite happy, even while there were many who were destitute and had no home to go to. Yet most of these people were looked after by their former masters, as they had never left their premises. It was only those who had left the premises of, or those who had been driven away from, the places of their former masters, who were in danger of suffering. So the Governeo was tight i the abstract, but not in the concrete. The following poem fully expreesE the feelings of the freedmen before and after their liberation. t was written and delivered by John Wallace at the celebration of the seven  26 CARPEaTAG ULEtItLORID. teeeth anttiveersary af the Etmancipation Proclatmatiatt, at Talla- hassee, Flarida: Feeedomt, thou twelcome spirit of Love, Whenetantd from whete didtt thoa begint? Thou feott Codes hosotm at a dote Didettseeh the earth toanequish sin. Before the tond and skies woere made Thy spirit hoveed a'er the deep, Aed wahen God eth's foonatioe taid, Did octet moo w'henyet aleep. At he arote froma dust to fleth, Neat him tuout thou where teer he weat; Thoughcast fruoEde'sgardenfesh, Thou etoet with him io toreowenot. And still u-at thou all through Despotic ages pat and goat, And aseabrotheroe'erprooed tre- Thy light 'tuid daohktets toot shone. Whoa Pharaoh Isretol's children held Fourhundred yarsahject,oenslaved, To free them Egypt oat itmpelled, Though thou moo gained the laud they craved. Ameoica thought thee to evude, And to the South hoer slaves the sold; Rae through potato the wat made To yield to thee this geeat sterunghold. Though htere w'as oalled unto thy aid Crim oar, oheuooort of latappeat- And North and Southeach otherehraved, Yet tam they hoth thy hlessings feet. There werte foot million touls and Mote Of Africans inalaveryhboard, They sought thy crotwn 'mtid tials auo, Twoahundred years, andthen'tasufound. Mahkind hat ottr conteeod heen Where slavery'sacruel oupy tat held. 26 CARtETtAG RULE tIV FL.OID. teouth annivoeary of the Emancipation Proclamaton, at Talla- Roate, Florida: Freomt, thouuwelcomespiriteof Luve, Whence and frome whete didet thou hegia S Thou from Codas hosom at a dove Ddtee the earthtoanqih tie. Refute the laud and skies were made Thy spirit hootered ater the deep, And tahen Cod tath's foundatioa laid, Did entermanwhen etaleep. At he aroe from duet to Sleth, Neat him etast thou ewhete etar ho tatt; Though catfrom Eden's garden froth, Thea matt with him an taoow heat. And mtill mut thou all through Despotic ages pat and gout, And at ahbother teer prouted tout- Thy lght 'mid darkness eehon. Whoa Pharaoh Itrel's children held Fourhoundred yearsaject, ensdaved, To free them Egypt tat itmpelled, Though thee wasegained the land they oraved. Ameia thought thee to evade, And to the Sooth hoer dlaoes the told; Rue theough potato she moo made To yield to thee thie great sttonghold. Though hoot tat called unto thy aid Crim moo, the court of tote appeal- And North and South each other heaved, Yet now they hoth thy hlessings feel. Thee mote foot million touls and moot Of Africansuinslaveyhbunod, Theyysoughtathyecrown 'midetrialsesore, Two hunddeddyears, andthoen'twasfound. Mahkind hot ao'ee contooted hetn Where slavery'secruel toopy mat held. o6 CARPoEARULoE Iee ORDAe . teonth annivoearyuofthe EmaipationaPolamation, t Talla- Roatse, Florida: Prtodotm, thou meloome spirit of Loot, Whence and fromt whee didee thou hegia? Thou from Cedes hosom at a dave Didt seektheoearthto aqish tie. Befute the lad and skies wote made Thy spitit hovtred ater the deep, And tahen Cud earth's foundation laid, Did enter man tahen yet asleep. Asehe aose from duet to Slesh, Nearthim maetethoumwhereoe'er he moat; Though cat from Eden's garden froth, Thou mat mith him ia tomow heat. And etill mat thou all through Despotic ages pat and goat, And as ahbothere'erproved trot- Thy light 'mid darkehevr tootet. Whoa Pharaoh Itoatl's childene held Fourohundred yearsajec, tattooed, To free them Egypt was impelled, Thughe thou moo gaited the land they coaved. Amebia thought thee to eoade, And toathe South hoer saaes the told; Rut ehrough potato the was made To yield to thee thit gotat ettunghold. Though hete was oalled aunto thy aid Crim moo, thecout of lasteappeal- And North and South each other heaved, Yet ow they hoth thy hltessings feel. Thete moot foot million souls and mote Of Africant be elaotoy bound, They taught thy cownm 'midl trials sute, Tmoahundred years,oandthen'twasefound. Manhind hat ee'e cuontooteod beta Wheeslavery'storueltswayttastheld.  'Twcas giant Freedtom fought the cite Till all inn darkness neat dispelled. Go souend the troumpet, ring the hell! just seventeen yeaes agoe tee-day Sweet Freedom wrestedousfromtehell Aced pot ane end to slavery's tsway. The cagacios Govn'eot, foethee to pove that the foretoe slaveasehappy andonttented, ''toaintained that it toohhoie hlach men to do the tame amount of worh that theee mhite men could do, and therefoce the hlacht should he protected againset the extactions ofmwhite imnigats, ascsuch immigeantseooald expeat ahblach tnan to do the tame amount of workhata twhite tmat." It iscertminytrethat aNorthern mao-oemwhat thehSootheenees calla Yankee-will moth a negto aloere, harder and longee at a timethaneabSoothern maowitlldo, andmwilltgivehim lesc,houtas a general thing they mill pay yop regotarly, of mhiah I shall bane moreentoy ineanntherepartaofthistoeh. Ihknowef noaeor raotoprevoentaaaoloed mon fcnm doinegthecsameamountnnf moth that a wehite man non do if hoth have the same training. 'The name fatigoe that oectahec the mhite man at the clone of a day's lahoe, mill oetahe the negen, coca thoogh he in covoeced mith a hlaach sin. The only differencac to howmoah moth one man can dn mace than aothee, depends apon hit chill and hisnphysiaal mahc-up. It rathereloohsnasthoughthe Goernor mastryingftoshom that theformer ttave did notmworkoonhard at the Northen man did hcfore the mat, andthceteoenlavery was not a gccat hardnhip ; hat thin will not seand sccatiny. While te Goaternor'ecaommmendations en the Legistatare meenoteallthateaooldhbedeied hythecolored people, from a poltical standpoint, yet many featauces of them choald foreover commnd him tothelasig gaitude of one rca. Among thecccreaommendations were the eaking are of the indigent and deaepit of the formec slavec, enaoucaging inddustcy, virtue and cduaation, mbiah ace the foondatin of the up-hoilding of any people. The oonvention mhich madc the ansctituonc ondee wohiab thic Legislatore assemhled, hod cequested thc Pcoiional Got'- ccrnorto appointaacommissionnoftheegendlemenetopepaecsi- 'Tmac giant Feedoem fougbt the tin Till all itc darhness wasc dispellcd. Go cound the trumpet, ring the hell! jnctnseaetteent yearsnagoato-day SwceFreedommwesctedousfrom hll And pae an teed toslavecy's sway. The cagacious oarcor, further to peoae that the former scana happy and aontcnted, " maineaincd that it nooh hove black menlto do the came aonof teac ha hethee white men acold do, andtherfore techtacshouldhepoeedogainstethe excionsnofmwhite immigan, ascscahimmigroateold epet ahtaah man to do the come amonte of eanekana white man." It iscaertainly true that a Nortern man-ncobo what thSotherers call aYankee-wildwraenegaaloser, hardceandtlongerat a time than a Soathern man mill do, and mill give him lecs, but as a geerat thing they mitt pay op regular-ly, of whiah I chall hoe morecto ayineanothcerpat ofhiseorh. Ithnowmofenoauleor reason toprevecntnaaclored man fromdoingethecsameamountnof oh that awhite maneaanedo if hoth havaethe come tiing. The name fatigue that ovartahes the white man at the alone of a day's lahoe, mill oertahe the aegco, coca thoogh he inacovered mith a blahkthin. The only diffeecas no hotemuah moth one mnan non do mace than anothee, depends upon bin chill and bin physical make-up. ItratherelohoneshnghcheGoenor wasnteying toeshomthatethe former clone did noemnorhac hoed asnehe Norehern mtendid hefoee thearc,ondherleoclavery masnoe a great hardship~ habt thin mill non stand nortateny. While the Governor's recomendatins to the Legislatuec weentall thatacoaldbe deied hy theacoloed people, from a political tandpoint, yet many feaeuren of them should foreocer commend him en the lamting gtatitude of oae eons. Among these rcommendatins were the taking note of the indigent and decrepie of the former nlaves, ecaouraging indunecy, vietue and edocation, wnhich ace the foandation of the up-hailding of any people. Tbeoconvention mhich mode the niconiin under whiab thin Legislturce asnembled, hod requcetd the Provisional Got'- ernoc toappointaaommissioofthrceegetemen topepaesi- teeEEA RUF I FLOID. 27 'Totes giant Freedo~m fought the cite Till all inn darkness man dispelled. Go coated the trampet, ring the hell! jane seventeen yearc ago to-day SweeteFreedomwesedausfrom bll And put an end tsaveryys cwny. The sagacious Gooeraoe, fareher no peat's that the former slavecmachappy andaonened, " maintained that in taookfv black metoe do thensame amounteof mask h thee mhiteemen could do, and therefoce the bloacks should he protected against the exactionsnofewhieimmigants, asnsuch immigonenmwould cogent abloab man en do thc came amone of moekan a mhite mate." In in certainly true that a Northern mon-ac wboe the Sotertnets calla Yankee-illwork a nego close,bhardeeoand longeratna time than a Southern man mill do, and will give him lens, batons a geercat thing they mill ptey op regularly, of mhich I shall bane moretonsay inanotherpaet ofbistorkh. Ihknoafnoealenor reasno prevcetacoloed man fenm doing tesame amountaof moth that amwhite manncan do if bothhavnethe name teamning. The come fatigue that overtahes the mhie man on the alone of a day's lahor, mill ovetake the negen, even ehoagh be in covered mith a blaknhin. The only difference on to howmuch woek one man non do moe than aother, depends agaeon hikll teed bin physical mahe-up. It rateroasathoughthe Goernoc masneryingnotoehotaehe foemee clone did otemwoa hoed an the Noetheen moo did befoe the war, andetherleoelaovery wasnoageathardship ;hautehiscmill not tand sccaoiny. While the Govcernores recommendations en the Legislaeuce mereenaeallebteat udcedeied bheanlored people, from a political standpoint, yet many feoaues of them shoald foevoer commendbhimetntebelasing gaitude of ouacrace. Among teseecammendaeioons were the taking caree Of the indigent and decrepie of the former slances, ecouraging indusery, virte ated eduation, mbich ass the foundotian of the up-bailding of any people. Tbeconvceion mhich made the constitution uteder mbich thin Legislatee ascembled, bad reqaueed the Provinional Gaov- ecnortoappointeaocmmissionofthrecegendlemcn topepaesuio-  28 CAtRETBAG RULE IN FLORIDA. ahleilawsefor the government of the freedmten, and to eeport to the first Legislature that should assemtble. The G~overnor apf- pointed C. H. Duponet, of Gadsden County, A. J. Peeler and M. D. Papy, of L~eon. To days after the convening of the Legislature this Comomittee moade the folloiongteport: "1The undersignedoereeoppointedhbythe Provisional Gov- ernor, under U resotione of the recent State Contvention, and Rharged w'ith the doty Uf reporting to the Geeral Assecmbiy I'theechangesandooendmoents to betmade tothleeiting tat- utes, and the odditions eequired thereto, so Ut to cause the sae to UUnformc to the requisitions of the ocended constitution, otnd w~ithefeeneceepeilly tothe alteed condition ofthe ctoloed "'Fit to entering uon the dicharge of thit duty, RU are deettlyitopettedmwith thetoagnitude atnd importanc~eof the task, and regretethat the shortnessoof the tiote elapsing between the date of oor appoicttoentacd the teeting of yor honorahie hody hos precluded the possihility of gicig to the sohject that thoe- ogh inestigatiott chice its imepoetace detcoeded. Within the heief tpace atlottede to us, hoteer, Re have endeavored to embhody, in the foerm of hilit opooevarioussuhjects, tomte tog- gestiont Rhich Re teuct mtayhbe footed useftl itn directing yoet mnds to such changes and modifications of the exicting statutes atnd additions thereto Ut toay he detoooded hy the eecectale- tion in the civil relationt heretofore existittg hetween the taco rcsthet constitute the inhahitents of the State. The constitu- tiottol proisiondeclaring the abolitioneof egeotslaeey, suddenly remoed fro. undetheresttrainingand diectingitfleceof the mtoer neorly one foil mtoiety of oue population, and createt the nceessity of hriegittg theto Rote futtly onder the operation of mnticipal toow. Hetetofore there eoisted itt eaceh hootehotda trihbttal petulatirly adapted to the investigation and pottishmnt ef the geeat teajority of the minre offesetto the comttision of twhich thJs class of population oas addicted, With tite deteuc- tion of the itnstitution otfR goslavery that trihunal hot heconme extitnct,and hentcetheonecestyofceting anotheelte itsatead, aeti of mtaking such meodifications ic otr legitiation as tholl give foulefficiecicy to oo ceitminal code. Ititiothe oganizatioceof tech a teihbul, as of Sirst imtpoetance, thot we tow dettee toten- vite youreattenotion. Itmtte macifettoeeyelecticg mind that the Circuit Cout, astepeent oeganiedextenditg asit doet itt jueicdiction over a large aea of teeritoey, emtheacing a dozete or mtore tcouttties, ad cottfined to tite hoiding of stated terms,howeverefficient heretofore inttheetraining ofcime, is 28 CARPETBAG RUE IN FLOtRD. ahletlawes fee the governettof the feeedmten, end to report to the ferst Legisature thee thould astemhie. The Governor ap- pointed C. H. Dupot, of Gadtden County, A. J. Peeter and Mt. D. Papy, of Leee. Too daystafhee the coneeting of the Legitiatute tis Cotttmittee cede te foileowing repoet: "The udersignedtweeappointedby the Proiional Gov- eecor, unedee a reeotion of the recent State Cocventiot, aed chaeged weith tite duty of eeportitg to the Geeeoi Attetohty ' the ehatnget aod aenedmtents to he tmade te tite exitting tat- utet, end the edditiont eequieed thteeeto, so at to caute the sate to conform to the requisitiots of the acetded constitution, end twith reference especially to the altered condition of the cooed '1Fit. In enterieg uoe the diteheege of thit deep, wear deeplypiompessedowith the magnitude and impoetace of thie tech, ecderegeet thattheehoetnessof the ticme etapsing hetween the dote of our appoictment and the meeting of youe honoeahle hody hat peecluded the possihiiitp of giving to the suhjeet thee thoe- ough inettigation which itt impoetace demanded. Withic the heief apace eiiotted to cc, howevee, me have endeevored to emhodp, in the foem of hilis uon veeiout suhjects, tome cog. gettiontwhichwe teust meyhbefoundusefulicdiecting yoce micds tcoch chcngesecd mdificationstof the existicg taotutec acd additioca theeete at mcy he demonded hy the rcn lea tion ic the civ-it relations hetetofore exictittg hetween the twco rcsthttconstitute thetinhahitentt of the State. 'The conctitu- tiocai preoviioc declaring the abolitioncof egeotilaere, tuddecly eemoved from ucdee the reesteaining acd direeticg ieitltence of the mactee ceaeip one fell moiety of otte popuatioc, acd ceeates the neettity of heingittg them mete futliy ucdee the opeeetioc of municipai toow. Heretofoee theee existed itteoch hottehold a teihunal pecuiariy adated to the icvestigation and pucishmect of thegeeatmajoitp of thetmicoe offecses to thecoctmission of ohich th~s clats of popuiation was addicted. With the detec- tioo of theittituttioctn oegeooaeey thatteihunclihashecome etict~, and hencethecnecessityoflcreatingeaothereinitstead, acti of mahicg tech modificatioos in otue legiciation at thati give fultiefficieccy to ooe criminai code. Itistothe ogacitatioc of tsuhatihunal, tsol fiest ictpoetace, that wenow desietoin- vite outettetion. Ittcutt be manifettoeery reflecting mind that the Circoit tCourt, ec at peeet cegatnited, extendicg at it doescitjurisdictio overea lageoaeeof teritorf, embra~cg a dozen oe mtcee couttties, acd cottined to tite hoidicg of stated termst,itotweeefficiet heretfoeittherestrtaiingof crime,tis ahtelaos'ffrethe goernentcof the feeedme,eand to repoet to che fiect Legitietuee that thould ascemhle. The Goveenoe op- poicted C. H. Dutpoct, of Gadcden Coutty, A. J. Peeiee and Mt. D. Pepy, of teote. Two dayt aftee the cocvecing of the LegislatureetiiComtoiteetcade theolointgepot: I IThe uderignedtweeappointedhbythe PoiioalGov- eenor, under a eoiutioc of the recent Stete Coccection, end ehaeged withethe duty oferepeeting to the Getereal Actemhly ' the chettges acd amendmentc to he tmade to the exeisting stat- utet, and the additiont eeqttieed tiheeeto, so Ut to cause the tome to confoem to the eequititions of the acteoded conttitution, acd witherefereence especiaily totheoileeed coditioc of the coloeed ' Fit. tc ecterinf upone the dischaege of this duty, we ae deepiy impetsed w'ith the magcitude and importace of the tack, ecderegeet thatcthecshoetcess of the time eiapsitg hetween the dote of oue appoictmectcnd thetceeting of youe hotnohabe hody has peecluded the postihilitp of givicg to the subject that thoe- ough ictetigatioc which itt impoetacce demanded. Withic the heief cpece eilotted to us, howevee, we hate ecdeavoeed to emhody, in the foem of hiils uponvari~ottahuject, tome tag. getioccmwhichwe teutt mayhbefoundusefltticdiecting your mindscto coch chacget and modifications of the etitting states and additiocs thereteot co my he demanded by the reectale- tion in the ciil reiations heeetofoee exitticg hetweec the to eacet that cocstitute the inhahitacts of the State. 'The conctitu- tional provision declaring the abolition of ne geo slaere, tuddenly removedfromcunderetheesttraining anddiecticg iclueeof the moter eneaelp one fttii moiety of oute popelatioc, end ceeates theoneecityofheingitg them mote fttilyoundee the opeeation of municipa tam. Heretofoee theee existed itteech hotttehold a teihenal pecuiaely adapted to the inectigatioc acd punithment cf thegeatmajoeitp ofthetcino offenset to tlecommisticncof which ttdt cleats of populaition wet addicted. With the decteoc- tiocof theintituiocof oegeoslaereepthattrihunalihashecome extittct, ond henco theeecesityofceting anothee icitscttead, anti of mahinf soch meodiftcations io oue legisiation at sall giute folltefficiencyptoourecimital code. It isto te ogaization of suchetaitcina,oasofefirtimpoetacce, thatcwenowdeietoi- vitepyotteattettio. Ittcetthemaifetteoeveyelecting mind that the Ciecuit Couet, atatpesent oegacieedextetding asat de itsjeisdiction oteecalaege areeeof tereitory,etmhracing a doen r nmoee couttties, ocd cotticed to the holdicg of tnted tercmt, hoee efoticient heretofore itt the retrainineg of crime, tt  CAteonsttAt RULE IN FLORIDA. t9 bttilly adapted to the preesent eigency. tneweof the great inraeof eminor offenses which mnay be reasonably anticipated froe. the emuanipaion ofthe forentelas, awitefoeasteould teem to call ismpertively foe the eeection of acriminal teibuntal moreolocal initstjuisdiction ansd of geeatee peomeptess in its atmisoteation of the penalties of the late. Such,, eveentally, weat the design of thee reettonvetiton ineendingtbe judicial powtee tots to eetbeace 'toch otherCouts as theGenoeralAstem- bty may establith.' The coestitutionad peovisioe feaning tbit power to the General Asteeshly is at follotet, to-wit: 'The ju- dicial powee of this State, both at to moatteet of tawe aed equity, shatt be vetted ie a Sopree Cooot, Coots of Chancery, Ciecuit Courteand jatticeofthe Peace; peotided, the Geneoal Assembly mayovestsochciil ocimil jeisdicion at maybe ncessary in Coeporation Courtseand tuch othee courts as theGeneral As- sembty may establtsh;buttuch jueidiction thallot etend to capital catet.' With all the reflection that tee hate heot able to bestow uyon the sobject, and aided by the lifht deaten from the legitlation of other States, me hone, neverthole, foond itex tremely' difficult to devise any plot 01 organization for the pea- poted courttmwhich it entirely free feom objection. We preetent, howeee, mithgreat deference, foe yoor consideration and action thereon, a bill entitled ' An Act to ettablish attd oeganize a Caoty Criminal Cout,mhichmwethink mill be found, upon etamitation, to be at feee from objection and at melt adapted to the exigency grnming out oftheonew oederof thinfseas can well be devited. " ISecond. Tbe nettubject that claimed theattention ofthe Commistion teas the prestentostate of oue criminal taint at appli- cable to the tmo different tacos that cotstitute the population of the State. Byereference ta the statute bookit will he found tbat inmost of thcminoe offenses, and afem ofthe more agra- toted, a marked distinction it made betmeen whbite peetons and freeenegree and slavesemith regad to the commission of theta offenset. Aftee the- matutent reflection upon the subject, we hate come to the conclution that a mite policy mould dictate that. with a very few exceptional catet, thit disceimination be abolithed, at foe as it ,oay be dune without impairing the effi- ciency of the prescribed penalties, and that both eacet he sub- jected to the tame code. tn making this recommendation, the underignedmwouldnot beunderstood atfavoring theidea that theta exstt, either in the Federal Conttitution oe in that of the State, any inhibition to content the authority of the General Atsembly in making such discrimination, wehenever the welfae of society an the safety of theommunity may demand it. Thin authority, homeser, is not to be exeecised beyond the geanting orerestricting of wehat is usually denominated mereI priviteges,' CARPETBAG RcULE IN FLORIDA. 09 hat illy adapted to the preeet exigency. to view of the fet incente oftminor offensst tehich may be seasonably anticipated from the emancipation of the formeetlaes, amwise forecast mould seem to call imperaiely fothe erectionof aciminal teibunal mote local isis jurisdiction and at geter promptness is its administration of the penalties of the lam. Such,. eventually, teas the desifn of the recent convession in extendinf the judicial pomer so as to embrace ' such othe couts astheGeneral Assem- bly may establish.' The costitutional provision granting this power so the Genteral Assembly it as foitows, to-mit: 'The ju- dicial pomer of this State, both astn mottoers of lam and equity, shall be tested in a Supeme Coat, Couts of Chancery, Circuit Courtssand justices of the Peace; provided, the General Assembly mayetsuch ciilorciminal jurisdictionas tmay benecessaey in Coepoeation Courtssand such othee couets as the GentealAs- sembiy may establish;but such juisdicion shallsnot extendto capital cases.' With all the reflection that mo have bees able so bestow upon the subject, and aided by the lifht deawn from the tegislation of other States, me bate, nevertheless, found it ex- tremel difficlttdevise any planoof organization foe the pea. posed courtstwhich is entirelyfeefeoms objection. We present, however, mith great deference, foe your considertion and action thereon, a bill entitled ' As Act so establish and organize a County Criminal Coat,' wehich me think mill ho found, spun examination, so beeon free from objection and as melt adapted to the exigency groweing oat of the nen order of things as can melt be deised. " SecondTh tbnextsubject that laimed theattestio f the Commission man the peesent state of out criminal lins us appli. table to the tmo different tacos that constitute the population of the State. By refernceotso the statute book, it mill be found that inmotof teminor offene, andafeweof the moeaggra- vated, a marked distinction is made between tehite pesons and free negres and slavesmwith regfardto the commissionsof these offenses. Aftre the matneest reflection upon the subject, me hate name to the conclusion that a mite policy mould dictate that, with a vtery fete exceptional cases, this disceimination he abolished, as foe as it stay be done without impairing the effi- ciency of the prscroibed penalties, and that both toots he tub- jected to the same code, to making this recommendation, the undesignd would nosbeundertood asfavoringthe idea that shere exists, either in the Federal Constitution ar in tlsat of the State, any inhibition to conteol the authoeity of the General Assembly in making snob discrimination, wehenever the melfare of society orthe safetyof thescommnitymay demand it. This anthority, however, is sot to beteecised beyond the feasting at resteicting of wehat is nsually denominated mere Ipriileges,' CARPTBAGRUL IN LORIA. 9 but illy adapted to the peesent exigency. Is view of the fet sncrease of minor offenses mhich may be reasonably anticipated from the emancipation of the forer states, a mite forecast mould seem to call imperatively forthe eeectionoof aciminal tribual moelocal in its juisdiction and ofgeater promptness in its administration of the penulties of the late. Such, eventually, mas the desifn of the teoent cussestion in extending the judicial pomee so astoembreace 'such othercourts as the General Assem- bly may establish.' The constitutional provsiion frantinf this pomer to the General Assembly is as follows, to-oit: 'The ju- dicial powee of this State, both as to mottoers of lam and equity, shall besotsted in a Supeeme Cones, Courts of Chancery, Circuit Csortand justices of the Peace; provided, the General Assembly mayvestsuochcivilorciminal juisdiction asmayeecesay inuCorpoataion Couresand such othercouress sthe GenteralAs- sembis'may establsh; butsuchjuisdicion shall not extend to capital casts.' With all the reflection that me host been able to bestow upon the subject, and aided by the lifht drawn from the legislation of other States, me hase, netertheless, found it en- tremely difficult to desist any plan of organization foe the pea- posed cuesswhich is entirely fret from objection. We present, however,mwithgeaut deference, foe yost consideration and action thereon, a bill entitled ' An Act so establish assd oeganize a Coanty Criminal Cost,' tehich we think mill be found, upon eamination, to be as free from objection and as well adapted to the exigency growing ot of she nem ordee of things as can melt be deised. 1Seoned. The soot subject that claimed the attention of the Commission teas the preettate of out criminal totes as appli- cable to the two different sates that constitute the popnlation of the State. Bysreference so the statute book, it mitt he found that in mostsofthe minor offenses, and afewmof temoeaggra- sated, a marked distinction is made beteen tehite persons and freeeDegees and slavesmwith regard so the commission of these offenses. Aftre th, ma tatest refSection upon the subject, me hate come to the cunctation that a mite policy mould dictate that, with a very fete exceptional casts, this discrimination be abolished, as foe as it saay be dose mithut impaieing the effi- ciency of the prescribed penalties, and that both eases be sub- jected so the name code. In making this recommendation, the undersigedmwould not be understoodas faoring the ideahat shere exists, either in the Federal Constitution at in that of the State, any inhibition to contrat the authority of the General Assembly in making such discrimination, whbeneer the welfare of society at the safety of the community may demand it. Thin authurity, howeee, is nut to bteseserised beyond the granting at restricting of wehat is usually denominated mete I'privileges,'  30 CARPTBAG~ nctLEINFODA in controdistioctioo to the absolote 'rights' of indisidoals. The enjoymnent of the tightt of petton nnd propeety, together with incnos ofeedess, is, bynoeroamended Constitotion, goneanteed to oil the inhabitantt of tht Stote, weithoot distinction of coloe, ondnmay not be invdedhythtegilaion ofethe General As- senmbly. With this limteiation, the power to disceintinate hetn'een theteo rccothsolont' been exeeeisednwithout siot bythe re- spective Stoses of the Union, not teven excepting those of Nete Engind. Theirstatote hoohs nre replete soith enacooents con- fietnotosy of the tenth of this statemntet, noe in thee toy loch of judicial evidence on the point. tosS833 Connections pontedoa lnawtwhichemade itnapenaltoffense to setnup oestahlishoany school inthatbtatefoethe instuction of pesos ofthe Afican rco, not heing inhahitanotsof the Sense, oreto intrunctoeteach inoanynschooltoriostitntioo,oreboaedo haebo fotht pepose, any soch person, weithout the peviouscoosent ineeeising of the eivilocuthoriyof the toninohichnsch schoolorinsitoion might he looated. A cone tense undee this lose, in tchich one of the points eaised in defense wsoo that the Into tons a ciolation of the Constitnein of she United States, wohich gunrnnteen ' thnt the citizens of each Stote tholl he eotitled to nil pricileges and immtunities of citizeos of the several Senses.' (Vido Ceandall vs. the Sense, so Coon., Rep. 346.) In Kentucky the point hot beenorepeatedip decided the snane wop; oe are se asoaee shot is cetneos hot too, Seen judicially qoestined in anyp State ofethe Union. Chancelloe Kent, whose accuracy and tesearch no one soul question, tenets emphatically shot is no poet of she contrye, encept Maine, did the Afeican race in point of fact par- ticipateoequallysith theeohitescin the eeecseofcivil and po- litical eights. (n Kent's Corn., 258, Nose S.) But she eight en exeecose the ponee of disceiition does not ret aooe uon she notion of she Stots; it hot, time and again, been sanctioned hy eveey dopaetment of the Fedeeal Uoveenent. to its legisla- tion foe the Disteict of Columhia she Uongrets hoc nevee hesi- toted so reoognize she diffeeence shoe exists between she ewo eaces, both ats itsegaeds theie social and polidical status. Such, ton, has Seen univeesally the notion of she execotie de- patment,hbached bythe official opinions of such menoasWil- liam Wiet and Caleb Cushing, and endorsed by shoe fint of constitutional lose, Daniel tWebster, whbile noting on Seceetaey of Sense. Upon applicaeion to him foe lessees of peotection so visit KErpe, he eefused to geant them, uon else distinctly tnted gerond shoe the applioantes soeee not 'dctens' in the osenosog of the sored on need in she Conctieutin. Boe if those evee did existtanydoutnuponthis suject, itoughtfeoeeto beptot restbyetheauthoritatieedecisionntegetecase of Ded Scott en. Sandfoed, repoeted in sg Howned, S. C. Rep., 393. In the 30 CA0P0T000 00L0 IN FL.ORIDA. in ontreadistinction en the absolute 'erights' of individul. The enjoymeent of the eights of peeson and peopeety, togeshee with meansoferedestisby oue amended Constitutin, guneanteed en nil the inhabitnts of tbe Sense, withoue distinction of coloe, nd may notbe invaded byhe legislationofthe Genel As- tembly. W~ieS this limitatin, the powee en disceiminate between the tweeochlces hasavv een exeeeisedswihhoutstdnt bysthee- spective Senses of she Union, noe even excepting those of Neso Rngland. Theie statute Sobks are eeplete soith enactents con- fiemaornyof the teuthof this sttesment, noitheen),ylackof judicial evidenceonthe pint. Int1833 Connecticut passedna law wehich mode itoapenal offense en set op or establish any school in shot Sense foe the instruction of persons of the Afeican ence ot being inhabitants of the Sense, oreto insteuoeach inany schoolnerinsitutin,oroad orhaboforhatpupose, ny snob peesn, soithout she previous consent in soehing of the civilauthoriy of thestoweninohich schchotorinsituion mightebeilocaeed. A oce aeose undee this boss, in wohich one of the points raised in defense s thoe the ion sons a violation of the Constitution of the United Senses, sohich guaeanteet 'sthot the citinent of each Sense sholl he entitled so oil privileges and immunities of citizent of she seveeal Staten.' (Vide Crndallf s the Sense, en Coon., Rep. 346.1 to Keonucy the point hoe been eepeatedly decided the sameeoay; noe ae soe asoare shot its coerectnesc hoc ecee been judicially questioned in any Sense of she Union. Chancellor Kent, sohose accrcy and reechc no onot soill questin, senses emphotioally shoe is no poet of she contey, except Maine, did she Afeicaneraee in point of foot poe- ticipate equallysoith she sohitscinthe exercise ofciil and po- litical eights. (n Kent's Coin., n58, Nose S.) Bot she eight so exeecice the poee of disceimination do es noe tenst aooe upon she notion of the States; it hoc, time and again, been sanoctioned by eveey department of the Fedeeal Goveenment. to its legisla- tin foe she Disteics of Columbia the Congescs hoc nevee hesi- toted so eeconize the diffeeence shot exists beteen the two eaces, both as it eegardsteheie social and political statue. Such, ton, hs been univeerslly she notion of the excetice de- paetmetbaekedby the official opinins of snob menasWil- liam Wiet and Caleh Cuehing, and endorsed by shot fint of onstitutional inw, Daniel Webstee, sohile noting as Secretaey of Sense. Upon application so him foe lessees of peotection so visit Erope, be eefused en geant them, upon the distinctly sensed geound shot she applicants soere noe 'isient' in the meanineg of the toed as used in the Conedeitin. hot if theee eee did existany doubt upon this subjectit ought foeere sbs potnet restnby she autorioetative decision in the great oce of Deed Scott s. Sandfoed, eepoeted in tg Hosoned, S. C. Rep., 393. In the 30 000PET00000 L 00 N t ORID010. in conteadistinotin so the absolnte 'eights' of individuls. The enjopyment of the eigh~ts of peeson and peopeety, togethee weith meanosofredess,is,by ouremededCnsituio, guaranteed so oll she inhabitnts of she Sense, woithone distinction of coln, and maynot be invded bypthe legislation ofstheeeral As- sembly. W~ish this limitatin, she powtee to disceimionate hetween theeswoeneesbnsnhon's beenoexeeeisodwihhnut sint bythee- spective Stes of she Union, oe eeen excepting those of Newe Rnglnd. Tbeie sttte Sobks are eeplete soith enaotments con- fiemaory of the tenth of this satemens, oe is theee any loch of judicialbevidenconteepoin. tn133 Coneticut passedna lawswbich made itapenloffene tosetnup orestanblishny sehool in shot Sense foe the insteucties of peesons of the Afeican eaoe, oe being inhabitantseof the Stole, oretointeuct oreseach inoay schonoerintitutdon,oroad orhaborforhatpupose, ny snob peeson, soithons she pecious consent in soeiig of she civil authoeityof she stonin which snob school oe institution might be booated. A ease aeose ndee this laso, in wohich one of the points eaised in defence wans shot the laso sons aolation of the Constitution of the United Senses, sohioh guaeantees 'sthot she citizens of each Stesholl he entitled to oil peivileges and immunities ofohitiensofetheeeelStates.' (Vide Crandallovs. the Sense, so Cone., Rep. 346.) to Kentuoky dhe point hoe been eepeatedly decided she come wany; oe aee we asoaee shot its correectnens hot evee been judicilly questioned is any Sense of the Union. Chancelloe Kent, sohose acouraoy and reseaech o one woill qoestion, tnses emphaticallp shoe in no poet of teo country, except Maine, did she Aftion eace in point of foot poe- ticipateequallyswith she wohitesin the exercise of civid and ye- ltical eights. (z Kent's Coin., n58, Note S.) Sot the eight to exeeeice she posoer of discriinion do en non etaoeuo the notion of the Senses; it hoc, time and again, been sanctioned bypeveey department of she Fedeeal Gcoernment. In its legisla- tion foe the District of Columbhia she Conges hoc nevee hesi- toted to eecognize she difference shot exises betsoeen she two eaees, both on it eegaedsteheir social and polditia stats. Snob, too, hoc bees niveesally the aetion of she executive de- paetment, baehedhbythe official opinions of sco mennasWil- liam Wiet and Caleb Cushing, and endored by shot gint of constitutinl Inw, Daniel Webster, sohile noting ns Secetary of Sense. Upon appliconoe him foe lessees of iprotectino nicet Eroepe,heerefused to grnt them, uon the distinctdy saed grond shot the applicnts soete oe ' citizns' is the meanng of the sored on need in the Constieutin. hot if these eves did enistany donbt upon this subject, ietoght forevertohbe puteat reshytheauthoeitntive decision inthe geatnoseoof Ded Sott en. Sandford, reported in tg Howned, S. C. Rep., 393. In she  opittiott delisered its that case, oundoubtedly the greatest intel- lectual effort of the late Chief justice Tantey, it is expressly held that 'a free negro of the African race, twhose ancestors swere hrought to this counstry and sold as slaoes, is not a citizen weithin the menaing of the Constitotion of the United States. And it is strongly slated in the tamer opinion thot it it not wnithin the con- stitutiotol pow'er of Congrettso tohoak hint soch. In comet- ing upon the legislation of Congress with reference to this tose, the Chief justice sery forcihly ond significantly reenars: 'This Ioa', liko tho Ioaws of tho Stotes, shoot that this clots of persons wrere governed hy special legislatin directed exclosiely so then', and alwaoys connected with provisions for the goernenent nf slaves, ie not with those for the gosvernmnent ofsehite citizens.' And oter soch a oniforen coarse of legislation as wes hoe sttd hy the Colonsien, by the States and hy Congress, running through a period ofenore than a centary, itousld seems that to call per- sons thas enarhed and stigenatiard ' citinens' of the United Staten -'fellow citiarns'-a constituent partf thenoerigny, wnould hean ahuse of trms, and not calcolated to enalt the character of an Amnerican citizen in the eyes of other naticns. 'This odjn- dication seas rendered just four yearn prior to the coenmence- mnentof therlate revoltion, and itnmay not he inapproperiate so inqaire w'hether any of the results of that resoluttion can he jstly invoked tonsmpairis authority asa jst adenlightseed esposi- tion of the Constitation. It istrerthat one of the resolts a she aholition of African slavery; teat it n'ill hardly be seriously argued that the sisefle act of emoanciptation of itself worked asoy change in the saria , legal or political seats of ouch te Afri- can re a, were already facee. Norseill it to insisted, see presuene, that thecemncipated stare technically denomninateda ' freedosan,' ccapied any highee psition in the scale of rights and privileges than didi the Ifen negro.' tf tese inferenets he correct, then iteresults, as algical conclasion, that all the argumnents going so sustatn the authority of the General Asseenbly to disceimtinate in the case of 'free negroes' equally apply to that of ' freed- mn'or emoancipated nlaces. Sat it is insisted hy a certain classtof radical theoriss that the act of emncnipation did not stop in itseffct inerely seeri*ng theelationsofmaster and slave, bat that it etended farther, and socoperated as to exalt the entire taco and placed thems upon termns of prfect eqaality swihthesehite scan. Thrso fanatics enaylseevery sincreoatd honest itt their convictions, bas the resalt of the recent electios in Connecticat and Wisconsin showt seep conclusively that such is not the sentimnent of a enajority of the so-called Free Staten. While n's that strenuoasly assert the athority of the General Asseenbly so exercise the panes of discrienination wnithin the limit hefore indicated, ne seould earnestly, bat respectfatly, opinion deliered in that case, undouhtedly the greatest intel- lectual effort of the late Chief jastice 'faney, it is expessly held that 'a free negro of the African rare, whose ancestors wnere hroaghtstothisrcoantry and sld as slavesn,is noacitizenn'ithin the eneaning of the Constitution of the United States. And itsis strongly stated in the same opinion that itsis not seitbin the eon- stttional poweer of Congress to mcake hint such. In coeneent- ing uapos the legislation at Congress wnith reference to this race, the Chief justice corp forcilyanddignificantly remnarks: 'This lan', like the Ion's of the Staten, shan't that thin class of persons eegoverned by special legislationudireected exclusieiy tohem, and aln'ays connected wnith provisions foe the goernent of stoves, ie noto-ith those far thegovernmentnsofnwhiteritiens.' And ufter such a uniform crase of legislation an n's hare stated by she Colonies, by the States and hy Congress, running through apriodofenore than a centary, itn'ould seeme thatto call pr- suns thss enaekedoand stigenatized 'rcitizens' of the United States -fell~ow' cisiarns '-a constitaent part of the sovereignty, n'uld be anabusef terns,and not calcuatedto exolt the chaeacter of an Aenerican citiaen in the elyes of asher notiest. This adju- dication seas redered jast foar pears prior so the commnence- enent of thelaterevoclation, asd it aay notbe inappropriatesto inquire n'hether ay of she resalts of that revolutsioncran te jstly invoked toinmpaireits authorityuas ajjst andnightened eps- tion of the Constitution. Itsisstreetbat one of the results was the abolitian ofAfeican slavery; st itnwill hardlyhbe seriously arguedthatsthe sisssleactof esancipatiosnfiselfnoed any change in ste soa a, legat or psolitical status ofuclhsnftheAfri- caesrare as werealreadylfree. Nornwill itbe isited,nwe resumse, thatstheeenancipased slavestechnsically denoeninated a ' feedsssan,' occupied any higher psitions is she scale of eights and priieges than did the ' free negec.' If these inferences he correct, then it results, as a logical consclusion, that all the argumnens going tosustain the authorityof the GenealAssemnbly todiscimninate in the case of ' free negroes' eqally appsly so that of'I freed- mn'or emaoncipated sloses. Sat it in insisted by a certain class of radical theoristtht the actuof emancipation did nut stop ia itt effort in mnerely severing the relation of enaster and slae, has that is extended further, assd so operaed asuoealt theentireraoce andplaced thems span termsof perfect eqality writh thenwhitenman. These fanatics meaphbeerysicre assd honet its their convctions, but the resalt of the recent elections in Connecticut atsd Wisconsin than's very conclusively that sorb is nut the sentimentofoasmajority of the sn-called Pree States. While n'e thas strenuously assort the authority of the General Asseenbly to excercice the poser of discrienination weithin the limnit before indicated, see wrould senestly, has respectfully, opinion delivered in that case, undoubtedly the geatest inset- lectal effort oftshe lote Chief justice Tansy, it is expressly held that 'o free negsa of the African race, n'hose ancestors ness hbroghttothiscontryoand sld assnlaves,isnotaocitizennwithin lbs ening of the Constitution of the United States. And itsis strongly stated in the samte opinion that itsis not weithin the cn- stitutioal pun-r of Congress ts enake hint sacS. In caenent- ing upon the legislatioc of Congess n'ith reference to this race, the Chief justice vre focibly and significantly remtarhs; 'This Ion', like the ton's of the States, showt that this clans at persons were governed hynspecial legislation diected eaclasivelys tosheen, and alsways connected weith provisions foe the governent of slaves, ie not with those foe she govrenent of wtiectiszens.' And abtet such a aniformn courtse of legislaticn as see hoe stated by she Colonies, by the States and by Cangescs, tanning through a period ofsmoresthan a century, itwosld seen' that tocll pe- suns thas scathed and stigmatsized ' citizens' of the United Stotes -1 fellosw risinens '-a constituent pars of she sovereignty, n'ould be anoabsefterm, and ncsotcaluatedto exalt the chuarcer of an Amoeican citizen in the eyes of other notions. This adju- dication seas rendered ionst fur years prior so the commeence- entnsof thetlate revolution, and itsmay not he inappropoiate so inqu~ire wehether any of the results of that revoution ran he justtly invokedtoienpair itsoauthority as ajuand enlighstenedreps- tion at the Constitution. It is tre that one of the resultswa the abolition of African slavery; hat it n'ill hardly be seriously argused tbat the simueeact of emaonciptions of itself wnorked any change iss tsoctual ,legal or psolitical status cf auch of the' Afri- can rare as see already free. Norseill sh e insisted, see presuene, that the eenancipated slaee technically denoeninated a ' fieedsssn,' occupied any higher lpositicn in the scale of rights and prieileges than did the ' free oegers.' If these inferences he correct, then itsresults, as alogical conclusion, tisat all the arguenents going so contain the authority of stse General Asseenbly to discrimninate in the rose of ' free negooen' equally apply to that of ' freed- mn,' or emaoncipated stores. Sat it is insisted by aceti classnofradical theorists that the act of emsancipation did not stop in itasfect in mteeely severing the relation of enaster and stare, bat thatsitextended farther, and no otperaed asto exalt the entire race and placed theen apon teerms of prfect equality seith she sehite en. These fassatics enay be cery sincere and honest ints heirrconicions, sat theresualtof thesrent electins it Connecticat and W~iscoutsinshows very conclusiveiy that such is not the sentienent ofoasmajority of the so-called Free Staten. Whbile see thus stenuosly asset she authority of she Genral Asseenhly to execeise the power of dincrienination seithin the lienit before indicated, see weould enestly, sut respectfully,  32 CARPTt'000 RULE00 IN0FORID. reomend that it be exercised onlyio exceptional totes, and so far asmoyo be necssyto promto the welfare of society and to iosueepeoce, good oodoooond qoiet of the etiecommut- nity. Itopessod woith theseieoos, oand io footboratnto of tbic entd, too hovt preporod abill to occomopaoy this tepot entitlod ' An Act Preotctibiog Additioool Poooltiet foe tho Cotooision of Offoncet Agoiost the State, ood fot othoo poeposes.' Tho Soost sectiooof thobillyerovidet ' thotoohooooeo, ictb ceiinlolloosof thic Stote heretofooeoooactod, tho puoishomeot of tho offoose is lm ited to booe ood imoptitoonoeot, or to fiot 00 iompritoonoont, theoe tholl betoupseodded, 00 an altesootivo, tho pooiobhoeot of otond- inog it tho pillory go0 ao hour, ot wobippiog, 000 toceediog thirty- nntestripecoothe boe bocb, oe both, t the discetioo of the jury.' By oo exaominotioo of tbe rspeocive codes, 00 oppliooble to the two closset of popolotioo, wteo ted bloch, it wcill be foood thot tbey diffes hoc little os to tbo ootoee of tho offenoos desig- cnted iooach. The greot tooth of differsoceoisto befooodicn tcheobaeocteo of tho pooiohmotst. Thertsseooscalwaoystohoe eoisted io the mtiods of oat legiolotoes asrepugnance to the ioflio- cion ofecorpoeal ponishmoeot uontt the whbite noon, ood henco thetresortcto hone ond imopeisonomeot foe the ponishmenot of of- feoses oomooitted by bite, whbile thot mode of pooishmettn is almot the ooly one opplied to the coloeed noon foe the conmmis- clot ofoonyof ct minor offeoses. This discriomlootion, toe think, is foonded uo the soondest peincipls of Stote policy, growting ot of the difference thot exists iothecsocial and political 000000 of the too sates. To degeade a whbite noon by ponishmtent is to moaeoahadmeombereof soiety aod adangeos political agent. Tohfne and imopison acolored toot it his preent pecootarp condition, is to ponish the S tote lotead of the onditidnal. The provision cootainedlon the hoost sectiontof the peoposedhbill is not designedto itefeetith thedisinaioo oboe soferred to, boo only to glee a widee eange to the discretion of the jury in applyiog the ponishmnost to the offeose. The second scotion of the bill isdeeoed imopotattoemnedy adefect geowing ootof the extremte techoicolity of the tommnon loot swith referenee to the subject indicated. By the psiociplec of thac law, if the see- erance' feomo the freehold, and the felotitous 'ctahing and carep- ingosayheoeoand thesamtcotiooed act, itwouold aount only tta 'teespacs,' fortwhich the injueed paetyowasemittedco hiscactionoredamoagesoon the cioll side of the coert, hot for whih thperpeatoeofctheactecoold not heocriminally pun- ished. In eieoo of the preeet condition of things, wes think chat chic tale of the cononon lawouoght to be alteeed as is proposed to be done hp the scond seetion of chic bill. The twelfth set- tion restreitso the peivilege of the toe of fiseaemsbcholored pee- sonsto schclonlpyasaetf an deland paealehaate.' 30 CARPETPAG5 RULE0 INFLRIA recommensod that it be eseecised only in exceptional cases, and soc fasaasnmaybetnecessary toPromote teelfae ofosocietypand to insureothe peace, good osdeand quietaof obesentiecommuo- nity. Imopressed with these viewos, and in futheosnce of this end, oe have prepared abill to accomtpany tis report entitled ' Ao Act Presceibing Additional Penalties foe the Commisicon of Offencet Against she botst, and fotherbspueposes.' The fiest cectionoof thebill pooides obtattweevee, inothecritoinal las of this State heretoforesenacted, ohs putishmnt of ohs offense is lm iced to Sene aed imeprisonnt, te to hone ot impristotoet, thee shall be sapseadded, as an alternativ, ohs punishmnoet of stood- tog in ohs pillory fos an hoos, tor whipping, tot esceediog thirty- note stripes on ohs hate bach, tor both, as ohs discretiot of the jury. IBy an eoateioation of the rsipective codes, as applicable to ohs to classes of population, wehitesand black, itowidl be foond that they differ boo little as to ohe n atue of the offensec desig- nated in each. The great teask of differetnce isto be found in the characttrof the punishmns. Thesemsoalooaystohae existed intohs mnlds of ate legislators aosepugnane to she ioflic- clot oforsporeal punishmtoo upton the oohite ooan, and hosts theesort tohfineoad impisonmenst foe ths punishooentof of- fenses commnitted by bitt, oobile that teode of ponishmets 1 almot ohs only tone applied to ohs colored moto foe the commiso- sloe ofany of the tioe offenses. This diciooinatio, toe think, is founded uon the soundest principls of Stats policy, graoing out of the difference chat esisos in ohs soeial and political staous of the too races. Ta degrade a wohite mtan by punishnoeno is to makebaabadomeeroof society and adangeous political agent. To fine and impyrisonoacolored noon in his preseno pecuniarp codidion, is to punish the Stats instead of ohs individual. The peovisiono contaiosd inthe first section of the psoposedhbill is notdesigned toitefeeooith the discimoinationo ohoerferesd to, hot only to give a toidee eange toaths discretion of ohs jury in applying ohs punishmtoo to the offense. The scond section of thehbill iodesemed imtportant toetedy adefet geownlg ootof the extemte techoicabity of ohs comnott loo with refesence to the sohject indicated. By ohs princiylec of that loo, if the Isev- erance' feono the freehold, and ohs felonous Itohing and catty- ingaooay,'hbeonesandthesamscontinued ac, iotould aont only tooa trspass,' foe tohich the iojured pasty noas remnittedo his ation fee daooages on the civil side of the toort, hot foe wehich the pepetratrof the act tould not heocriminolly pun- ished. In view of the preent condition of things, wes thinh chat this tots of the commnon loo ought to he altered asoisproposed to he done by the second secion of this hilt. The tooelfth see- cionerestricts the privilegsof thesef fieaemshyoloed pe- sonsto such only soaeofonodelyad paealehaacer' 30 CAoPTEoc RULE0 tNO RIA rectommend that it be oeecised oly in exceptioaltcases, aod so fareastmaybeoecessary to pomotesthewelfare ofoociety and toisose the peace, good trdersand qoietcof ohs stle commut- nty. I-epeessedowith obese vewetsood 10 furtherance of thic end,owebhavepepaed abill tooccomppaoythis repost eobdted ' At Act Prsescribing Additional Petalties foe ohs Commoosion of Offences Against ohs Sotst, and foe othes porposs.' The ist secton of ohs bill peovides ' that whbetetee, in the crimoinal loos of this State heretoforestnacted, the puonibhmeot of the offense is lm ited to fits and imepeisonmoent, tor to floe tor imprisonent, obese sholl be sapseadded, as as alteenative, the punishmetn of stand- ing in the pillory foe an hour, tor tohipping, tot excesding thirty- nine steipes on ohs hose bach, or both, at the discretion of the jory.' By at esateinatiot of ohs espective codes, as applicable to the tooo classes of popolaoion, whibe and hlack, it woill ho found that they diffee bat little as to the tastue of ohs offensses desig- nated ioeach. The great tooth of differene is tobe found in the characteof the yonishmenots. Tbssesesoalwaytoahae existed intohs toleds of oor legislatoes aepugonne so the inflic- 01st oforsporeal punichmtent opton the tohite teat, and hene thesresoet to fite and imprisonmtent foe ohs punishmnot of of- fenses commnitted by Sim, tohile that teode of punishmet is alnoost ohs only oe applied to the colored 0000 for the commies- sion of anyofctheoioroffense. This discriminaotion, toe thith, is fotnded upon ohs sotndest principles of Stats policy, getooing nout of the differeoce that esists is the social and political states of the too races. To degrade a wohite noon hy punishments is to moake abadnmeobef society and adagerous politiool agent. Tohfin and impisosacolored teat in his present pecuniaey tondition, is to ponish ohs State instead of ohs individoal. The provision contained inthsefisttsectiontof ohs proposedhbill i not designed toitefseeoith tediscrination abate sefesred to, hot tonly to give atoidser raoge so the discretion of ths jury in applying the punishmnost to ohs offense. The second section of thehill isdeenoed imopotant toeedy adefect graoing ootof the estete cechnicalitp of the comon loo woith efesence so the sobject indicated. By ohs principles of that boo, if the 'see- state' feono the freehold, ond the felonous ' taking and caeey- ing away,'beonesandothe samscotinued act, itoold amouant only tta 'tespass,' forowhich theijued paetyooaseoittedcto hisaction foe damaoges ton the ciedl side of the coert, has foe wohich thpeepetatoreofteoctold not heecriminallypun- ished. In viewo of the pesent condition tf things, wes chinS that this eule off the conon law tought to be absered tsois proposed to he dons hy the second section of this hill. The tooelfth see- lion restrlets the privilege of the oce of fireatnos by coloeed pee- sons tosuchtonlys aeof an'odeland peaealeharate.'  CARPETJiAG RULE IN FLORIDA. 33 The authortiypof the GeoeralAsseotblypto ioopose thisetic- tin it beyond doubt. Neithetheeeond aeticle of the tooend- mtentseto the Fedoral Coostitotion, noo the flest sectiont of the siotenth aoticle of the State Contitotioo, not aoythiog con- tainedinoeithereofosaid iootoomnts, can hy any fairiepeta- tioo ho dlooted to oppose any ohotacle to the oooecioe of this aothority. A refereoce to the legiolatioo of the Noethestern States will thee that they retegiz~e the tight to itoposetsitable reotritittons uon this clhee of their popolation; aed the section noottondeetoideratioo ioalmttooeliteral traosceipt ofthetlaw of Iodiaoatopoo that subject. If the restrihtion it deeomed imo- portattto the telfare of t comtnoity it which not one ina thousad isaffectedhbyit,ltownmuhoeipotatwithou, where neatly one fall otoiety of the popnlatioo it of ehat elase. The iteesof the well disposed and peaceable coloeedeman, whote eight it it to eojoy the fruito of hit honest indostey, no welat the eafety of the entite commuanity, hoth tohite ted hitch, imtpeeatively detmands tht the privilege of betting teen should hetaccerded only to tech of the colored populatin to can be recnomendedforetheir ordeelyoand petetble chaeacter. teis needlets to attenmpt en oatisfy the exactions of the fanaticel the- oeiste. We hate a deepeno perfortm-the protetidon of one wnitee and children feomt hretened dangee and the preventinonf scenesonhich tony toot the extinction of ourentire tact. " Deeply im'pressed nieh the tense of the obligation thee teetseopon the wthite taco, no the goveening class, en do all that nay hie in eheie ponee to impeove the mnoral condition of the e- centlytemancipatedslaves, theudesignednotepetflly peesent foe poorctonsideration 'A Bill to he entitled An Antto Establish end Enforce the Marriage Relation Between Peesono of Coloe.' Hertofoe, fetem the very necessity of the case, thin nmattertwasnleft tobeteglated by thenmooralsenoseof thenmaotee andetheoslave, and moayin tenth hetsaidetohave been the only inherent toil of the institutin of slacery, ae it existed in the Soneheen States. Non that the obetacle of comtpulorey tepara- tin it remoced, and, as a Cheistian people, tee souold embreace the eaelieot oppoetunity en impess uon thin elate of eat popula- tin, and, if need he, to enforce by appropriate penalties, the obligation en ohoerve this fleet Iaw of civilization and tmoralitp, chastity and the sanctity of the moarriage telation. "Nextetothe enactmtent of lawsfortthe preeventionnof cerme and the enfotectment of the dotmestie telaeinso, there is nee subject so intimnately connected with the peermanent welfare and peropeelty of a people at thee of a welil regulaeed tabor eys- tem. Sunch a system toe recently enjoyed ndee the loftltene of thetbenignbutnmuchnhbused and greatlynmisunderstood, instiee- tin of slavety. Thee hoe been oswept awaey in the sorme of ev. toPEBA RUEINFORtDA. 33 The athot of the Conceral Aosetobly to impose thisotetec- tin io beyond doobt. Neithee theecond aeticle of the amtend- toento to the Fedetal Coostitution, not the firot oection of the sixteenth aeticle of the State Conetitueion, oe anything con- tained ineithereofsaidistronents,cany any fairitepea- tin he deemed to opyose any) obstacle to the exeecine of this authoeity. A teference to the legislation of the Nothestteen States will than that they recognize the eight to itopoteenitable teotrictiononupon this clato of their populton; and the tection nno ndee cniderationoinalnostalieeal transcript ofthe lawe of Indiana apon that subject. If the teotriction it deened lee- portat to tebnelfaeofatcommnnoityinwhichotoeina thousand it affeceed byithocw tooth note importantnithcu, wertencely one foll mtoity of the popalation it of that clato. The interestsoafthenwell disposed and peaceable colored can, whbose eight it is en enjoy the fraits of hit honest industey, at well as the saftyp of the entite comnunity, both tehite and Sloth, Impeeatively demndsothat theyprividegtofheaing aermsshould be accoeded only en such of the coloeed ypplation at can be reeomnended foe theit oedeelp and peaceable character. It is needlesn to attemopt en satisfy the exacticns of the fanatical the- censts. We haveta doty to peefoemn-the peoeectin of one nives and children from theeatened dangee and the preesendion of s en hich nay toot the extinctin of otr entire race. ''IDeeply inmpeessed nith the tense of the obligation that testsnapon the wohite tote, no the goeening clone, en do all thae map bie in theit pnner en impeove the moreal condition of the e- centlyttoancipated slave, thendesigned motepctfly peent fne youreconsideration 'A Bill en he entitled An Act to Ettablish and Enfoece the Mateiage Retation Betteen Petoons of Coloe.' Hertofote, from the seep necessity of the cae, this mtatter nas left to he teguloted by the toreal sense of the nattee and teslave, andtmayin tuth beesaid tohave beto the only lobherent telil of the institutin of slaery, no it enisted in the Southeen Staten. Non that the obstacle of compulorey separa- tin is temoved, and, as a Chenstian people, wte shoutd emheace the eartiest oppoetunity en impress uon this elate of one popula- tin, and, if need he, en enfoece by appeopeiate penalties, the obligation to obseree this fleet lawe of citilizatin and toreality, chastity and the sanctity of the tmareiage relation. "Nextet the enacttment of lawse foe the peetion of neime and the enfoecement of the domeetic relations, thete is noasbjece o intimtatelyecnnectedeeith the permtanentewelfare and prosperity of a people as thee of a well regulated lahoe sye- tern. Sunch a system toe receently enjoyed ndee the lnftuence of etehbenignbutemuchabased and greatly misunderstood, iootite- tinof elatee. That bath teen swepaway intheeestnf rev- CARPETBAG RULE IN FLORIDA. 33 The tauthoty of the Cenetal Asoembly to impost thisetrtie- 0100 it beyond doube. Neithee the second aeticle of the amend- toento to the Pedetal Constitution, non the fiest oseticn of the eixteenth article of the State Constitueion, oe anything coo- tainedhioeithernf said instrumoents,anhbanypfaiinerpeta- tion he deened en oppote toy, obstacle to the exeecise of this authority. A referenceetoehoe legislation of the Northeten States will than that they tecognize the eight to impose susitable retrictioon pnn this classof theie popnlation; and the nection no unodereconsideration isalmost aliterl transcript of the last of Indiana opon that subject. If the restriction it deemted in- poetanttto she nelfare of acoemniy in which not one inna thcousand is affetted by it, how tooth note imnportanteith an, wehere neatly one foil ntoiety of the pnolatiaon is nf that clote. The interestsof thenwell disposed and peaceable cotednman, whose eight ht is to tnjoy the feoitsocf his honest indnstry, 00 tol a the safety of the entiee connuity, both nhite and blach, impeteively denando that the pricilege of beating aens thould bt actorded only to soch of tet coloted pcolaticn as can be recnmmended foretheir oedeelp and peaceable chatactee. it is neediest to attenpt to satisfy the exactions of the fanatical the- otists. We haveoadoty to perform-the ptectieon of oat weites and chiden from eteatened dangee and the preesendion of scenetnhichmayccotthe etinctionof oureentietace. ''Deeply impetsed nith the sense cf the obligation that rests npon the tehite tote, at the governing class, to do all that mayble in theie ponee to impeoee the moral condition of the te- cntly emancipatedslnves, thetnderignednotepectflly pesene ice your tonsideration 'A Bill to he entitled An Act to Establish and Enfore the Marriage Relatin Betneen Petono of Calne.' HIeetnfore, frcn tbe sety necessity of the toot, thin matert teat it to he regutated by the mtotal tenon of the master andetheslae, andmaypio tuth betsaidto hate been the only inherent tedi of the istitution of slavery, no it enisted inethe Souebeen States. Non that the obstacle of comtpulsoey separa- tin 10 temneed, and, an a Chetstian people, tee shoald embrace the eariest oppoetanity to itmpess uon this class of one popula- tin, and, if need be, to enfoece by appeopriate penalties, the obligation to ohserethis fleet late of cieilization and moreality, chastity and the sanctity of the mareiage relation. "Next to the enactment of lane for the preventineof nine and the enfoecement of the domestic telations, there is osubjeceeso intimatelyecnnectedcwith the peermanent eelfae and peospeeiey of a people an that of a well regulated labet sys- tem. Soch a system tee recently enjoyed ndee the loftuenee of ehe benign butmuch abuedand greatly misunderstood, instit. tin of slatery. That ban been swept aweay lathe stoem of net-  34 CAeRETBAG RUL N LRIA oloion adnw e noremnitted tosthe operation of anuntied experinment. Whether swe shall he successful in devising a plots to snake the labos of the emnancipated slave available is a prob- lens of doubtful solotion, and one in wehich he is vostly mnorn- teesed thao is his foree nmastee. This unfortunate class of one populations, hot rcently conttituting the happiest and hest procided for lahorinsg population in the norld, hy no ass of skeirs orevolunsaeyscnsence of oers; wcithno peioe traitingto pre- pate thems foe their nets responsihilities, hose hcen soddenly de- prived ofthefsteringcare and potection ofsheir oldtsasters, and ace non so hecome, like so moany children gansboling upon thehbrink ofstseyawning sreipice, caeess oflthe future and inent anly on revelling in the present utnrestricted enjoymnent of the snenly found hauble of freedomt. Their condition is tcaly pitiahle, and appcals to esvery generouts hosonm foe aid and nsuo,andnwehave greatlynistakennthescharcterof the Sosuthen people if tht appeal shall he mtade in cain. We ace not responnsihle foe this pitiable sondition of she eace, hot te will, nevetheless, noont ourselves to sase then fron the coin swhioh inesitably awaits then if left so the 'ltender nercy' of that canting hypocrisy and moosish sentimntality nhish has precsipitated themo to she realization of skein presentonodiion. If the effact so msake the enancipated slave an effisient lahorer shall fail, then, as a last alternative, resort mst he had to the teemng population of osveronded Euoe. Bat let not this fearful alsernativ, pregnant as its ith the coin and destrac- tion of a hselpless ease, he adopted ontil ne shall hose givens thems a fair and patient trial. As the superioreand governing clas,nwearehbond to thishby evey principle of eight and pronpting of hsusanity, yea, by the obligation of gratitude. Forenhere, inall thecresords of the pass, does history present such aoinstance of stadfast deoion, naveing atachnent and constancy, as teas exhihited by the slaves of the Soth throughout the fearfol contest that has jst ended ? Ike noon- sep insaded, hones desoloted, the master absent in the arny or forcedto seek sfety in flight and leases the nistress and hen helpless infantsounprotested ; nithceey insitemntto isuaorn- dination and instigation to rapine and nmurder, no instance of in- surrectin, and scarcely onenaf voluntary desertionhas becen r- corded. This constansy and faithfalness on the poet of the late staves, nhile it has astonished Europe and stanped wnith false. hood the rasings of the heartless aholitionist, nill foreser son- nend then to the kindnecss and forhearanse of theirefnrenr nmaters. Theynwilldo all in skein power so promnote his weli- face and to encouragenandtsesce hisnmoral andnmteialimprove- nent. While they confine kin so his appropriate sphere of so- cial and political inferiority, they will endeaor to stinulate kim 34 CREBGRL NFOIA olosion, ansd we one non' renitted so the opseration of ass untried enperinent. Whether te shall he scessful in devising a plan to mtake the labor of the emsancipated slave availahle is a prob- lem of donhtful solution, and one in whkish he is costly morne terested than is his former naster. This unfortonate slatsso onr popuslation, hut resently constitusting the happiest and kent prosided foe laborinsg popuslation in the norld, by no ass of skeins orvoluntarysconsurencseof ours; nith nopiortrainingstopre- pane thems foe skein newnesponsiilitie, have keen soddenly de- prived of tke fostering cane and protestion of skein old nastert, and ace now to besone, liken so nmanyschildren gasmboling upon thebrinkhofhe yaning pecipi,aelss ofshe ftre and intent only on revselling in the prcesent usnrestricted enjoymnt nf the newly foond baoble of freedomt. Themr sanditian is truly pitiable, andappealsto eery generouts bosomsfornaid and succor, andweihave geatlynistahenthesharasterof the Snouthern pseole if that appeal shall he stade in cain. We ate not respsonsible foe this pitiable sndition of the ease, hot te willneetheless, nonet ourselves encsase then from the ruin which inevitably awaits then if left to the 'tender mercy' of that canting hypocrisy and nashish sentinentality tehish has pecipitated then en the recalization of skein present consdition. If the effort to msake she enancipated slave an effisient laboer shallfail, then, as a last alternative, reorctnmst he had lockhe teeming population of oveeconded Eucape. But let enst thin fearful altenatioe, pregnantsas it issoith the coin and destruc- tion of a helipless rce, he adopted util tee shall hose given then a lain and patient trial. Asthe superiorand governing slass,oearekboond to tisbyseey pinipslefnigt and prompting of humannity, yea, by the obligation of gratitude. Forewhere, cnall theresords of the sass, dons history present suchkan instancseof steadfast devotion,aunwavering atahmnt and sanstancy, as was exhibitedbystheslaves ofhe South throoghotshe fearful contest that has just ended ? Ihecoun- try invaded, hones desolated, she naster absent in the arny on forced to seek safety inflight and leaves the nmistress and her helpless infanssunpoetd;nwithesveyinsitenent to isubsor- dination and instigation en rapine and nmurder, no instance of in- sorecstiotand ssarcelyonenofoluntary desertionhasheene- corded. This constancy and faithfulness on the pant of the late slaves,nwhileisthas atonished Euoapeandtapedeih false- hood the ravings of the heartless abolitionist, nill forever son- nend then to the kindss and forbearanse of tkein forer nasters. Theyteillido all in theirnpower so prnooe hisnwel- fare andto enconuragand secsurehisnoral andnmaterial inprove- nent. While they oonfine kin to his appropriate sphee of no- cial and political inferiority, they nill endeasor to stimualte kin 34 CREBGRL NFOIA olotion, assd tee ace non- remitted to the operation of ass untried enperinent. Whether tee shall he sussessful in devising a plan to snake the laisor of the emncnipated slave available is a peob- Inn of dnoubtfol solation, and tee in tehish he is costly none in- terested than is his forer master. This unfortunate class of ourepoplations,kburenlysonsituing sthe happiest andhbest provided foe laboring popuslation in the norld, by no ass of skeins orvoluntaryysansoeense of oors; wini o piortrainingto pe- pane thems foe theie news responsiilities, have keen soddenly de- prived of the fosteringcare and protection of tkein old nasters, and one non to beooe, like so mtanyschildren gambling uon thekbrink of the yaning pecsipice, sareless of the future and ionnt only oneelling inkthenpreenttunrestricted enjoymnt of the nenly fousnd baubsle of freedoms. Ther condition is scaly pitiable, and appeals sto esvery generouts bosom foe aid and suosor, andnw aves gealy mistakenstheshasaternof the Southereopale if that appeal shall he smade in cain. We ace enst respoansible fan this pitiable cnndition of the rce, hat te wlnevertheless, conest oerseltoes to save then from she ruin nhich inevitably anaits then if left so the Itender mnersy' of that saninsg hypocrisy and nashish sentinentality tehish han pecipitated then to the realization of tkein present consdition. If the effart to nake the emnancipated slase ass effisient laborer shallfail, then, as a lastsalternative,eresortnmusthbe had so the teening population of osvescronded Europe. But let nnt thin fearful alteenatise, pregnantsas it isnwithsk co rin and destrus- tion of a hselpless ease, he adopted util tee shall have givn thems a fain and patientetial. As the superior and governing slassnw areeboundto tissby every prcincile of night and promspting of husmanity, yea, by the obligation of gratitude. Forewhee, inall thenrecords of she sass, does history present sush an iostanseaofsteadfast devoion, naeing attachmnnt and constancy, as teas exhibited hy thn slavs of the Sooth theoughsout tke fearfusl contest that has jst ended ? The coutn- sep invaded, hones desolated, the master absent in the army an forcedtseek sfety in flight and leases the nistress and ken helpless infantssunprotected;-twithevery insitenentstoisublor- dination and instigatian to rapine and mure, no instance of in- surrectiantand scarely oneofsvoluntarydesertionhaskbeencre- sorded. This sanstansy and faithfalness on the pant of the late slaves, wehile it has astonished Europe and stamped with false- hood the casings of the heartess abolitionist, nill foreser son- mend then so the kindnecss and forbearanse of tkein forer masters. Theytewildo all in skein power so promote hisnwel- farenandlto encourage and scuroe hisnmoralandnmaeial inproe- mnt. While they confine himts o kin appropiate sphere of so- nial and political inferiority, they nill ende avor to stimulate kin  CARPTBA RUL INFLORDA. 35 to all legititmate eforts at advaocemeot, and by the exercise of kindoess sod justice towards him, teach him to value and ap- preciate tho newo condition is which he it placed. If, abtet all, theit hooest effortst thall prove onavailing, aod this foor mitlions of the homan family hot receotly draggedoup from batbaism, and through theinlueoceof Southern masttrttelevated to the status of Christiao moo aod wmin, shall ho doomed by tht inscrutable behest of a mysterous Prootidooco to follow is the footsteps of the foot fading aborigines of this cotntioeot; andmwheo thetlaotmao of teetace shalt he staodtog up- oo the crumbting briob of a peoplo'sgrase, it will ho some com- pentation to the descendants of the Soothero mastetto catchthe grateful aod henigoont recofnition of thit repeentative man, as he points bis withered finger to the aothor of bis roin and tx- cam,"'hea didot it."' Atl of the recommeodations otade by this committee, so far as enactment of towt werte cooceroed, mete acted upon and patted inostatutes. Bot the Legislatue disrefared the com- mittee's rocommendation ot to detaying the education of coloeed childen, and patted o lao'taiogev'ery colored motefrom the ago of twenty-oe to fifty, flee dollaes foe the education of cot- ored youth, and some food schools soot estabtished accordiogly sode t he superioteodeocy of Re. E. It. Duncan, whb aso certaioly anoble and conscientios mao,schoorehared to establish colored schools io every countsy. Atthat time railroad facilitiesowere very poor, andtIhaehkowno him to moltk from county to county io Sooth Florida to etablish colored schools. It is toot, that sotme of the laws pasted by the Legislature of 1865i seem to he very diabolical and operessive to the freed- moo, bat ohen me consider the long established institution of slavery, sod the danoger to wohich the Southern whites imagined they might be subjected by reasoo of thete people, who bad alwayshbeen subject only to the commsaod of their old masters, we ote of the opioion that asp other people, under like circum- stances, mould havepassed the sameechaeacter of laws relative to the fredmen. Many of these loot me hnow,ofour own knowledge, mete passed only to deter the freedman feom coot. mittiog crime. For instance, the too prohibiting colored pro- ple handlinf arms of any hind without a liceose, massa dead let- ter, except insome caseswee some ofhe fredmo would go arsod plantatios hootisgowith apparenotly no other occupation, CARPTBA RUL INFLORDA. 35 to all legitimate effots at advaocemeot, sod by the exeecise of kindoess sod justice towards him, teach him to valoe sod op- peciate the new coodition in which he is plaed. If, after all, their honest efforts shalt prove unavailing, and this foot mtillios of the humao family hot recentlypdraggedsup feom barbarism, and throughthe ifluence of Southern matters eleated to the status of Christian men and wment, shall he doomrd by the inscru~table behest of a oysterios Provideoce so follow in the footsteps of the fast fading aboeigines of this continent; sod wheo the last moo of lbhe eace shball he standing up- on the crumbling brinkof apeople'sfgave, itmwillbe some com- pensation so the descendaots of the Southern mast er to catch the gratefultand benigoanterecognitionoof this representative man, as he points his withered finger to the author of his ruin sod tx- claims, 'Thou did st it.' All of the recommeodations made by this comsmittee, so foe as enactment of laws mere conceroed, were acted opon and patted in1o stasttes. Bat the Legislturse disregarded the coot- mittee'serecommeodation as to delaying the education of colored children, sod patted a lso taxing everycoloed male from the age of twenty-one to fihty, flee dollars foe the education of cot- seed youth, sod tome good schools mere established accordingly sod er the supeeintendency of Rev. E. B. Duncan, who man certainlyahale sod conscientious omanwhooworkedhard to establish colored schools in every couty. At that limo raileoad faciitiesowreery poor, andlIhaekown him toowlk from county to coooty io Sooth Florida so establish colored schools. It s itreeo, that sotme of the loot passed by the Legislatue of 1865 seem to be ery diabolical sod oppessice to the freed- toes, hot ohen me considee the long established institution of slaery, sod the dangr to which the Southern whites imagined they might he subjected by r0000n of these people, who bad always been subject only to thecommand of their old masters, me are of the opioion tbat any other people, under like ciecum- stances, would hoot passed the same chaeactr of laos rlative so the fredmen. Many of these laws me bom, of oat sown kowledge, were passed only to detee the freedman from com- omitting crime. Foe instance, the tao prohibitiog colored pee. ple handling armosof soy hind withoot a licesse, mas adead lt- tee, except in some cases tereesome of the freedmen would go around plantations bssting,mitb appsarestly oo other occupation, so alt legitimate offsets at advaocement, sod by the exeecise of kindoesstaod justice towards him, teach him tosvalue andoap- preciate the new coodition is which be is placed. If, sht all, their honest efforts shall prove unavailing, and this foue millions of the homan family hot orerontly draggedoup from barbarism, and through the ifluenceof othern masters elevated to the status of Christian in and womenshall be doomedhby the insceutable behest of a mysterious Provideoce so follow is the footsteps of the fast fading aborigines of tbis continent; and when the last man of the eace shall be standing usp- on the crumbling brinkbofsapeople's gae, itowilltbesoecm pensation to the descendaots of she Southeen maste 01o1 coleh the grateful sod benignant recognition of this repreettlice man, as be points his withered finoger to the author of his ruin and ex- cam,'Thou didst is."' All of the recommeodotions made by this comtmittee, so far as reatment of toot were conceeoed, wcece acted utpon and passed into statules. Bat the Legislature disregarded the com- miller's recomtmendation as to delaying tlse education of colored childeen, and passed aolawttaing eveey coloeed male from the age of twenty-one to fifty, flee dollars for the education of cot- ored youth, sod somr good schools more established accordingly uod er the superintendencyaof Rev.E. B. Duocan, mba wat certainlysonsale sod cooscientious msao,whoorkedbhaed to establish colored schools sin every county. At that time eaileoad facilities weeer eepoor, aodlIhaekown him to walk feom county to county inoSouth Florida to establish colored schools. It is tue, that somse of the laws passedby the L~egislsaue of 1865 srem to he veey diabolical and opeosive to the freed. men, hot ohen me considee the long established institution of slaery, and the dangee to which the Southern whites imagined they might he subjected by reason of these people, who bad always been subject only to the cosseand of theirtold mstees, we see of the opinion that any other people, under like ciecum- stances, would have passed the tame character of laot relatie to the freedmen. Many ofethese laws me kow, of sotrow kowledge, mete passed only to deter the freedman from com. mitting crime. Poe instance, the lam prohibiting colored pro. plt handling armsoof any bind without a licronse, massa dead Iet- tee, except in some casesweesomneof the fredmen would go around plantations hontingowith apparently no other occupation,  36 CARPETBAG RULE IN FLORIDA. such a person would be suspected of hunting something that did not belong to him and his arms would be taken away from him. We have often passed through the streets of Tallahassee with our gun upon our shoulder, without a license, and were never dis- turbed by any one during the time this law was in force. The law in regard to contracts between the whites and freedmen was taken advantage of by some of the whites, and the freedmen did not get justice; but the great majority of the whites carried out their contracts to the letter, and the freedmen did as well as could be expected under the changed condition of things. These laws were taken advantage of by the carpet-bag- gers to marshal the freedmen to their support after the freedmen had been given the right to vote. We shall have more to sayon this subject in a future chapter. 36 CARPETBAG RULE IN FLORIDA. such a person would be suspected of hunting something that did not belong to him and his arms would be taken away from him. We have often passed through the streets of Tallahassee with our gun upon our shoulder, without a license, and were never dis- turbed by any one during the time this law was in force. The law in regard to contracts between the whites and freedmen was taken advantage of by some of the whites, and the freedmen did not get justice; but the great majority of the whites carried out their contracts to the letter, and the freedmen did as well as could be expected under the changed condition of things. These laws were taken advantage of by the carpet-bag- gers to marshal the freedmen to their support after the freedmen had been given the right to vote. We shall have more to say on this subject in a future chapter. 36 CARPETBAG RULE IN FLORIDA. such a person would be suspected of hunting something that did not belong to him and his arms would be taken away from him. We have often passed through the streets of Tallahassee with our gun upon our shoulder, without a license, and were never dis- turbed by any one during the time this law was in force. The law in regard to contracts between the whites and freedmen was taken advantage of by some of the whites, and the freedmen did not get justice; but the great majority of the whites carried out their contracts to the letter, and the freedmen did as well as could be expected under the changed condition of things. These laws were taken advantage of by the carpet-bag- ges to marshal the freedmen to their support after the freedmen had been given the right to vote. We shall have more to say on this subject in a future chapter.  CHAPTER IV. Goeor~o Waelke's Shd-Lived Adminitratlion. Conductof Wkilo S~oldiers Towartd Feedmeno. The Feedmeno Electing aCons- gressntoio, asThey nought Slonelaoke's Fraundulent Lossd Certifiate. The Feedmoan's Buau a nd Its Agents. The Begtitning of the Secret League. Pr-epoaationt and Oath of Leagu. " The Loyal League of Amterica. " The adttittistration of Goernor Wathee, ohich cootinued sootething oer too years, by the eoitting toilitary powerexe cisedounder the Federaathority,tand hessas often perpleoed to atoid conflict while in the legitimaote eecise of civil author- ity. With the Freedmcan's Bureau, charged with the pateertal cure of the freedmsen on the one side, and the United States aetoyexerciing aosuperitory coteot ovrethe geonercooduct, his admtinisteation was little mace than a quasi civit govrnmeot, yet att teat doe that teas possibte, o'ithio the reeteicted timsits peescribedhby the Fedeeattpoteee,to mcaintain tawe and order. Theemovaltof ooed toops from the interioeofthe State to the seaboard did n0t hastes theesttoration of tawan coder, as eontetmplted hy the reoltution patted by the convention foe that purpote. The chite sotdieey weee stationed theroghout the in- terioe and finatty saperseded the rotated troops, sehoseere en- tirely reemoved frotm the State. The ofcrs and soltdiers of the reguaroetmy, many of wehomtdidcnot stand very high icthe es- timtonofourehest Southern soiety,teould aue andrmalteat the negeotmuchteorsecthan theie formteestasters,cwhoin mnsy instances teoutd have to intrfere is hit hehatf, to tare hint feoms cruelty and injustire. Of rorse there ceee honoraeexrep- lions; hua maority of the officrs and men tent to this State to take the plce oftheclored toops,eeeunjustsndsoe- timesreleintheiretentsof the feeedmten-fist feomt insole prejudice, and second is ceder to ingratiate themselves with theit forcer collect, who wee naturally irritated at the lost of their slovst. They, howeer, refuted tcoclconncerschon- dct os the patoe of the soldiery, hotding thot hocever the negro CHAPTER TV. Goeror Walker's Short- Lived Admiistrattion. Condscteof White Soldera Toweard Freedcen. The Freedceo Electing a Coxs- gre-oaa, as They Thecghf Stooelahe's Froudulent Laid Corhtlectte. The Freedman's Buroau atd Ito Agents. The Beginointg of the Secet League. Preparateion and Odt of League. "The Loyal League of Aeoea." The admiistration of Govrorc Walher, wthich continued somtcehing ovcr to ycacs, hy the existing ciitary powcr,exr cised underthe Fdealathoity, and he teas often perpleced to ovoid cooflict chile is the legitimate etrcise of civil author- ity. With the Freedmas's Bureau, charged cith the paternal care of the freednten oo the one tide, and the United Staten armtycexerisicga supervitorcotrolorthe geneal conduct, his admsinistration cas little core than a quasi ciil goveronment, yet all can done that teat potsihle, withic the restricted litnits presrihedhby the Federal powerlo maintain late and ceder. Therentovaleof coloredroaops from the interior of the Statelto the seaboard did not hatter the retoration of late and order, as conltemplated by the restolution patted hy the convention for that purpose. The chile soldieryweetationed throughout the in- terico nd ficalytspersedcd the colored troops, whocwee en- tinely rentoved front the Stale. The officert and toldirs of the egular army, mnany of whotm did not stand vry high in the en- tintiosofour estSothrntocity,cwoldhabse andntaltreat theonegrocmuhwoe than their fornter materschoin ntany instancestwould hare to interfere in his hehalf, to0savr hint freos ruelty and injastice. Of courte therecwee honorable excep- lions; buamajocity of the officrs and men tedt to thin Stale to take the placeof theoloredleroopt,tereanjustlandote- tites crttel is thcir treatment of the freedmn-irst front innate prejuldice, and second is order to ingratiate thentselvs witht their forcer casters, who core naturally irritated at the Ioss of thereslavsr. They, hoeer, refusedtorcountenancetchoon- duct on the tparl of the soldiry, holding that howevee the negrio CHAPTER IV. Covrror Wara Shds- Lived Admitation. Conducelof White Soldiors ToeeaeaiFreedmen. The Freedmen Electing a Cons- gressmon, as They Thought. Stonelahe's Fraudulent Lad Certfteate. The Freedman's Bureau and Its Agent. The Beginning of the Secret Leaogue. Peparation anti Oath of Leaogue. "The Loyal League of Ameria." The adciistration of Govecnor Walhec, which contionued something ovr rwo ycars, hy the existing citary power,exr cisedounder the Federaloauthority, and hecwat often perpleced to avoid conflict chile in thc legitimsate execcise of nivil author- ity. With the Feedcan's Bureau, charged cith the paternal rare of the freedmen on the rone side, and the United Slates armyyexercisinga superisorcnrolovec thegenral condort, his admtinistration cat little core than a quasi civil govrnment, yet all teat door that teat possihle, within the restricted lints prescrihedhby the Federal penter, to mintain late and order. The removal of colored troops front the interior of the Stale to the seahoard did not hasten the restoration of late and order, ats contemtplated hy the resolution patted hy the convention for that Purpose. 'the chile soldiery wee stationed throughout the in- terior and finallysuperseded the colored troops, bohere en- tirely centered front the Stale. The officcers and soldiert of the regular army, carp of whont did not stand ery high in the es. timtlion of oar hest Southern society, could abuse and mltreat ltenegccauchcworse than their forcer mastersoho in cony instances would hare to interfere in his hehalf, to tare hint front cruelty and injuttice. Of course therecwere honorahle excep- tios; hua majority of the oicrs and mcn sntstohis Stale to tahetheplaceroftheolored troops, tere unjust and tome- lintesruetlin their tratmtent of thefredn-firt fromtinnate prejudice, and second in order to ingratiate themseles seth their forcer casters, who were naturally irritated at the loss of thereslaves. They, howeer, rfusedtoontennre schron- duct n the partl of the soldiery, holding that however the negro  38 CARPETBAG; RULE IN FLORIDA. might rejoice in his freedom, he had done nothing dishonorable to obtain it. I can recall but few instances of brutal treatment of the freedmen by the Southern whites during Governor Walker's ad- ministration. I was personally cognizant of one case in the city of Tallahassee in the latter part of the year 1866, by the police, under Francis Epps, mayor. The mayor had enlisted from outside the city a dozen of what are generally termed "crack- ers," as policemen. They were of the class who had never owned a slave or dared to interfere with one while under the protection of the master, and they seemed to cherish an old grudge against the negro. They sought every opportunity to interfere in his exercise of his freedom, and would order him off the streets; and when twso or three were assembled in conversa- tion, would arrest them and beat them as long as they would submit. Under the advice of some of the more respectable of the white citizens, a party attempted one Sunday night to put a stop to this cruelty. They started around to the colored churches to summon the men to run these policemen out of town or put them to death. On their way to the churches they weremet in the dark by thecity marshal, Sam Quaile,who ordered them to halt. Thinking it was one of these " cracker " police- men, they discharged their guns in the direction of the voice, but inflicted no injury. The whites turned out and preserved the peace, and shortly after these "cracker" policemen were discharged and no further disturbance occurred. So far as the city of Tallahassee is concerned, the whites and blacks have lived on friendly terms. Early in 1866 it was reported that the freedmen would be enfranchised, and manyv of them thinking the right had already accrued, called a secret meeting for the election of a Member of Congress. The meeting was held at the A. M. E. Church in Tallahassee, and Joseph Oats, formerly a slave of Governor Walker, was unanmously elected. The next step was to raise mone to send the newly-elected Congressman to Washington. The money was forthcoming, as plenty of old men and women gave their last dollar to send one of their race to the National Congress. Several hundred dollars were thus raised and given to Oats. who shoetly afterwards was "off to Congress." He 38 CARPETAG RULE IN FLORIDA. might rejoice in his freedom, he had done nothing dishonorable to obtain it. I can recall but few instances of brutal treatment of the freedmen by the Southern whites during Governor Walker's ad- ministration. I was personally cognizant of one case in the cify of Tallahassee in the latter part of the year 1866, by the police, under Francis Epps, mayor. The mayor had enlisted from outside the city a dozen of what are generally termed "crack- ers," as policemen. They were of the class who had never owned a slave or dared to interfere with one while under the protection of the master, and they seemed to cherish an old grudge against the negro. They sought every opportunity to interfere in his exercise of his freedom, and would order him off the streets; and when two or three were assembled in conversa- tion, would arrest them and beat them as long as they would submit. Under the advice of some of the more respectable of the white citizens, a party attempted one Sunday night to put a stop to this cruelty. They started around to the colored churches to summon the men to run these policemen out of town or put them to death. On their way to the churches they weremet in the dark by thecity marshal, Sam Quaile,wbho ordered them to halt. Thinking it was one of these " cracker " police- men, they discharged their guns in the direction of the voice, but inflicted no injury. The whites turned out and preserved the peace, and shortly after these "cracker" policemen were discharged and no further disturbance occurred. So far as the city of Tallahassee is concerned, the whites and blacks have lived on friendly terms. Early in 866 it was reported that the freedmen would be enfranchised, and many of them thinking the right had already accrued, called a secret meeting for the election of a Member of Congress. The meeting was held at the A. M. E. Church in Tallahassee, and Joseph Oats, formerly a slave of Governor Walker, was unanimously elected. The next step was to raise money to send the newly-elected Congressman to Washington. The money was forthcoming, as plenty of old men and women gave their last dollar to send one of their race to the National Congress. Several hundred dollars were thus raised and given to Oats. who shortly afterwards was " off to Congress." He 38 CARPETAG RULE IN FLoRIDA. might rejoice in his freedom, he had done nothing dishonorable to obtain it. I can recall but few instances of brutal treatment of the freedmen by the Southern whites during Governor Walker's ad- ministration. I was personally cognizant of one case in the ciy of Tallahassee in the latter part of the year 1866, by the police, under Francis Epps, mayor. The mayor had enlisted from outside the city a dozen of what are generally termed "crack- ers," as policemen. They were of the class who had never owned a slave or dared to interfere with one while under the protection of the master, and they seemed to cherish an old grudge against the negro. They sought every opportunity to interfere in his exercise of his freedom, and would order him off the streets; and when two or three were assembled in conversa- tion, would arrest them and beat them as long as they would submit. Under the advice of some of the more respectable of the white citizens, a party attempted one Sunday night to put a stop to this cruelty. They started around to the colored churches to summon the men to run these policemen out of town or put them to death. On their way to the churches they weremetin the dark by the city marshal, Sam Quaile,who ordered them to halt. Thinking it was one of these " cracker " police- men, they discharged their guns in the direction of the voice, but inflicted no injury. The whites turned out and preserved the peace, and shortly after these "cracker" policemen were discharged and no further disturbance occurred. So far as the city of Tallahassee is concerned. the whites and blacks have lived on friendly terms. Early in 1866 it was reported that the freedmen would be enfranchised, and many of them thinking the right had already accrued. called a secret meeting for the election of a Member of Congress. The meeting was held at the A. M. E. Church in Tallahassee, and Joseph Oats, formerly a slave of Governor Walker, was unanimously elected. The next step was to raise money to send the newly-elected Congressman to Washington. The money was forthcoming, as plenty of old men and women gave their last dollar to send one of their race to the National Congress. Several hundred dollars were thus raised and given to Oats, who shortly afterwards was "off to Congress." He  CREBGRULE IN FLORIDA. 39 remaoined attay frome Tallahastee until his mooev was gone, wchen he wrote backdesignaig the timetwhenhetwtoldeturnc. The freedmte prepared apicnsicat Hostot's spring, about a etile feome Tallahassee. Oats ntotified thete thot if they desired to kntow swhat he hod done foe themo while itt Congress, they mutprepare to protect hiot, os the wthitet would hill htiom when they should learn o'hat he had accootplished againse themo. The 2oth of Maoy, the day on wthich Gteeal McCook moarched his toops into Tallahassee, and declaeed ail the inhahitats to he free, toot the day set oport foe Oots to tell the freeden the geat wtoek he hod accomoplished is Congets. At tnitte o'clock ont that meoracble 2oth of May, the drumts commeonced heoting and the freedmeoeto theooohber of too or thrtee thotusood fotomed int line ood moorched to Oats' dwellingfnsdetcomiteeermed wcith old cavotlry swoeds ood pistols to eecoet Oots to the ploce of destinatiot. Ho tooo escorted to Hotttto'o spring, wshen the cocmmittee, ot tisoreqet, oteonged that he shoueld heeoerroonded hy the freedomeo ocd the tohitet kept feoto haeroinf hito oe hearing whatt he said. Tho wchites, howeee, did not kows wehat toot goiog on other thao a celehratioo ood picntic, ocd weeeoot present. Oatt'ospeccheeae, thathbe hadseenhePeoi- deot, ood they hod trite feieods att Washingfton, etc. tt waos he- lieved, howtever, thot fOts did not go foethee thots Sooooooh, ohere hehodoagoodime, spent the feeedtoeos'ontey, aodre tuetted homoe. Aftee Oots hod inished hit stoey aoutt the Presi- deot,oond his greaot laorsoinCongress, tetceow'dsen ttp ptheie hoonot foe holf an hoot ood then sot dowto to a sumtptous din- t. Whisky ws plentifutl oo the geound ond toot freely ito- hihed hy the freedoeno. A disypte aoeong the.o at to w-hee Oots hod beeo,oond tteoaffoirseoded itt a generalktnock downc antd drafott. Ootsoos aocareneteehby'trade,oand heforo heicg oet free Itad hired himsoelf feost hio toaost; coold reaodocnd ocite, ood ttos theeefore capahle of hoodwcinking the aveeage feeedtooo. Hetwos o fone lookintf omulottoowhose omotherssos toid to he wthite. Doring the yeats t 865-67 there waos omoch speculotion amtong the feeedmsen as to whot the goernenet intended to do foe thetm iceregartofoeoss; ondasomost of them hadetotrkfoeoapor- tionoofthe crop, itinduced theto eek hoesftei own-. tAPTBGRUEI FLORD. 39 remaicned oswoy feotm Toaloahossetontil his money-ttas gone, whenche wrotehochdeigootingetheieenhe woldeturn, The freedmtencpreparedoapicnicoatHotooo's spring, ota msile fromo Tattohotsee. Oate ntotified themo that if they deoited to know wehot he hod dooe foe themewhile itt Congess, they cust peeporeetopeosect hios,oashe whitesewould kill himoswhec they shoold leoart swhot he hod occotoplished againsot thect. The toth of May, the doy son wshich Geoerol McCook tmorched his tettops into 'Tollohossee, ood declored oil the inhahitans to he free, ws the day set apaet foe Oats to tellthe freeden the geet wtoek he hod occomoplished in Congress. Atenine o'clock oo thot nsemtorahle ooth of May, the drus coomtmeoced heatiog ood the freedmseo to the oumeroe of too oe three thoutoasd foersed in liceoondtmoeched to Oats' dwellingoandtetcommeitteeeearmed woith old cavalry swoeds ocd pistols to escoet Oats to the plaee. of destinotios. He twot escoeted to Hoostottn'e speing, twhec the commitettee, at Itis requtest, aetooged thot he shoultd he sorrounded hy the feeedoteo ond the sshites kept feoms haerming hint oe heaeing wt lite said. 'the wshites, howeve, did nothkow wnhot toos going on other thon a celehrotioo ond picnic, ood weentpresent. Oats' speechswas, thathbehodteenthePei- dent, ood they hod trueefriendsoatdWshinegton, etc. It oos he- lieved, howes'er, that fOats did 'sot go furetheer thot Sovocooh, where hehodoagood ime, peotethe feeedostns'ontey,andee- toroed homoe. Aftee Oots hod fittished his stoeypaootte Peesi- dent, ood his geaot laors inConsgress, the crowdseot tip their honoos foe holf on hoot ottd theo sot dowonlso a sumoptooous din- ser. Whisk),ws oplentiful on the ground otsd toot freelyimo- hiked hy ttte freeden. A dispute aeose aong khemt ostotwtere fOats hod heen, ood tlhe offoit en~ded is a genteral kntoch dowen anddeag out. Otsswos a caren~ter hyetraed,oandtbefoebeing tetfee hod kited hiseef froct his omaster; coold reod ond wreite, andsoas therefoe capaltof hoodwickiog the oveeoge freedmaon. He w'os a lice tooking nmulotto whose mothee waos soid tohe white. Dtuting the years 1865-67 tere wsosmtchcspecolotioo aong the feeedssen at to what the governenet icteoded to do foe thent iceregaed to faents; and asmost of thtemehadto orkforeapor- tion of the croptinduced themntosekhoes of thiron. CAPTA tRL NO RIDAct. 39 remaoined antoy front Toaloahosee ttotil his moone' toot gone, wshen he nteote hock designating the tinte wheno he wou~ld reeurn. The freedmnepreparedoapicnicoatHoostouc's spring,aout a ntile front 'Tallahoste. Oats ootified thent that if they desired to kown what he hod dose foe thent while io Congeess, they ntost peepaee to protect hios, as the wehitet ould kill hint whec they should leoto wehot he hod accontplished againt thent. The oe of May, the doy son twhich Geoneol McCook ntoeched hit teroops ito Taollohossee, oand decloted all the onhobitoots to he free, oos the day set opoet foe Oats to tell the freedmnte the geat wtorkhehadoaccomtplithed in Cotegets. Attnitneo'clock oothat nteorable 2oth of Moy, the deoums commntced beating and the freetdmn tote ntmbesftwo othrsee housaoodforomedi lineoondntorched to Oats' dwellingfandentacotitteeanted wtith old cavaley sworeds ood pistol s to escort fOats to the place of destinaotiont. He wtas escorted to Houtsto,,os spriog, wtheo the comteat Isis request, arranged that he should beesueeoooded by the freedomeo ond the wthites kept front harmntig hint oe heating whlat lie said. The wohites, howtete, did oot knowt wthat waos going ott other thsan a celebeotioo aod picoic, aod nterenot present. Oats' speechscos, thatehehad seeo thetPesi- deot, aod they hod trite fretds at W'athington, etc. tt s he- lieced, howtever, that lOats did sot go futrthee thant Savaottah, wthereehe hadagood timte, spent the feeedmntes'ooey, and re- toetted honte. After Oats hod fittithed his story abottt the Presti- deot,ocnd his greaot laoros in Cotsgens, the crowd sentouptheit hoetas foe half anchour andthen satdown to a sttmpyous dio- Ott' Whisky'nwas plentiful son tke grottttt ad toot freely ito- bihed by the ftetdmntc. A dispte arosetmD tth~ emt ostonwhere Oats hod beenood teseffairsended insa generalktockdown- and drog ot. Oatstwasoacarpenterebyteade,antdtefoeeig tetfee had kited him~self feoot his maoster; coultd readond werite, anod w'os therefoe capable of hoodtcinking the average freedomao. Hentas a fist lookiteg mutlatto whose meothernwas said to he wchite. Dttricg the yeatrt 185-67 there teat mtuchtspeculotion aong the feedmen astto wt te govternmnt intended to do foe thetm iceregard to farms; and a otof themtbadeotowok foreapor- tion of tke crop, it indutced thent to seek homtes of their owno.  40 CARPTA RUL In N n FL ~t tORtItnA. One Stenelahe, United States Lend Register at Tallahassee, appointed soon after the sut-rendee, knotting thit foot, and tak- ing advantage of the ignorance ef the feeedmten, ittued to themn thousandsf lndetiictespupoting tootteyothotsands of actet ef land. Foe each certificate the feeedmatt as re- qtiedto pay notlest than fivedolltars, and asmuchoeeas Stonelohe eouldeotfeeomotheooe igorant. Hfe induced the moottinfioeotialto matkethe firtpechae,oad,it-agenerlly helieved, goavc theta a portion of hit fees to secur~e purchasers. Tho forer mastets waned ourtpeople against thit frood, hot astStonetaeewas one of the repreeetativestof the paterntalgo- eonment, hen-attoupposedhbythe freendmeneto be incapohte of feaud 0r deception. Many of themt oweto led to believe that ehete laoda contisted of theit foromer otastect' plantotioot, and that the certificates atlone woold oust the tattoo feaom posessoion. Afteeshowioglthe cetificatesoarouod aong hit neighhort and eoultingoverthte purclhaeof aplaotatio, hewoold ecentoally shon- it to hit fomer ostee, n-ho wouold explaio the feaud, when he wouold rath hack to Stonelako for bis monoey, nwho weold inv'ent someonew-doceptio to qoiothit, aod explain thatuon fortherexamnation of hit books be found the landssweelocatod further tooth. Theto etltanations did not folly satitfy the freedn-en, and theycaloeda meetiog and appointed sevotaltof theirnumbher tongo donsooth and spy out the Promsied Land. T'his ommnnittee expended the omoney raised by theie confiding friends, andahteao asence of tst-eealo-eekhin a preteodedosue- coy, reoportod that they ytan- sonme food laeds, at well at had, and advised the freedmton to occopy then-, hot as they note oin- able to locate the Peonmed Land, their advice n-at not follon-od, and the sit-tims n-ere loft to teet theie corses upon the snindlee, Stonelaho.- The Ftoedmoan's Boreao, an inssitotion decited by Congeess under the influence of theoveey host people of the Noetheen Statet, and intended as a mtoans of peotection of the freedmeen, and preparing shoot foe tho nen- reesponsibilities and peivileges confeeed,hsnthe handt of had n-on peovedinstead of a bless- ing, tao the worst cuese of the eatce, asoondei he n-at tmitled, dehased and beteayed. Tho agoots of this Boeeao note stationed in alt the oitieo and principal towens it the State. The1- oer- 40 CARPETBAG nUE- tNORIA One Stonelako, United States Land Registee at Tallahassee, appointed soon after the sureendee, knotting this faet, and tah- ing adcantage of the ignoeance of tho feeedmten, issued to thems thoosands of land cortificates purporting so convey thousands of acees of land. Foe each oetificate the freedmat n-as re- quired topay not leos than five dollars, and as mucoh moreeas Stoolahe couldcextort feomthemooeignoat. He indoced the n-ott influential to n-obotheheist porchases, and, itn-as generally believed, face then a poetion of hit foot to tecue poechasees. Theoformero mattees n-acnedouroeoplecafainst this fraod, hot asStooolahon-at OneOf theepesentatives of theopaternal fov- ecrn-ent, hen-asospposedhby the feeedmnoo be incapable of feaud 00 deception. Many of shoot n-Coo led to believe that thttte landt consitted of theirftorer omasters' plattions, and that she cetificates alone n-oold ouao the lattee feomt posession. After shon-inf the certific-atet aeroond amonog bit neifbors ond exolting overothe parchase ofoaplantation,hliecwold ecentually show it to his forere osastee, wcho oold otplaino she feaod, n-hen he woold oath hack so Stooclako foe hit msoney, n-ho woold inventsoon-onen-deception to quietbhin, and explain thatoupon fortherexoamtination of hit hooks he found the lands w-eelocated foethee sooth. Tbhese explanations did not folly satisfy the freoedmn,and they called atooting and appointed sevealof theinon-bee tfogodonouthand spy oot the Peomsied Land. This comooittee expeoded tho monop taised by theie confiding feiends, and afteanabsenceoof severalnweeks ina preotended sue- coy, eeported that they ytan- soote good lands, at well as bad, and advised the freedmn tso oct-opy themo, hot as they yneee on- able to locato the Peonmised Land, their advice oat not flowned, and the victimst nore left to coot their cueses opon she sn-indlter, Stattelahe.- The Freoedn-an's Boreao, an onstitotion devited by Congeess ondee tho inlueonce of thoe erobst people of the Noethern Statet, and intended as a mseans of peotection of the freedn-en, and peeparing then- foe tho nen- tesponsibilities and peicileges confeoeed, hoothe hands of hod mten peoved, instead of a blest- ing, to be the n-nest cuese of the taco, at undereit hon-as moisled, dobased and betrayed. Tbe agents of thit Bureau wee stationed in all the citios and principal tons io tho State. They over- 40 CAOPETA 0 RU00 IN-Ct Ft-tLOIDA One Stonelake, United States Land Rogistee at Tallahassee, appointed soon afterc the surender, knon-ing this faot, and tak- ing adcantage of the igoreance of tho feeedmten, itsued to themn thootands of land ceetificatos puepoeting to convepthoosands of ocret of land. Foe each ceetificote the freedmn n-asere- quiredtoapaytnot loss than fiv-edollars, and as mot-h -oreeas Soonelaho could oxtoot from- the n-oe igoant. He indocod the n-ott onfluentiol to makhethe ferstporchases,nand, itas geneally belicoed, face thoeo a poetion of hit foes to secure poet-basert. Thecforer moastoers n-areed oureoplecaginst thit fraud, bat at Soonolabe n-at one of the repreenteatisves of the patecnal got- ernenet, be n-as sopposedby the foeedmoen oo he iscapable of fraad or deception. Many of shoot w-ere led so believe that these lands coosisted of their forer matcrs' plantations, and that the cetificatet alono woold ocst sloe lattoer broon posession. Aftee shooing the certificaoesaoood aong his neigboes and exulting overotoepuchaseof a lanttio,heold eventuallp shon- it to his forer msteor, n-ho woold oxplaino the fraud, n-hen he w-ould cash back to Stonelake foebhis mooney, who-would inventssom-enen-deceptionoto quiet himt, aod explain thasoupon furtherexamination of his booko he foond the lands n-eelocated fuethee tooth, Tbhese explonations did not folly satisfy the froedmten, and shey callod asnoosing and appohntod sevetaltof theft on-mbee to ga don-n soooh and spy out she Pron-ised Land. This commnittee expended she monep raised by theic confiding friends, andaftereanasence ofsevoerl-eksina petendedsue- vey, tepored that they tan- some food lands, as n-ott as bad, and advisedbhefeedn-eno occpyhemo, has asthoyn-etooun- ableto locasesthePon-isedLand, their-advctewntfollo-ed, and the Cit-tin-s were left to vcnt their crss upon the sn-indlter, Stonelake. - The Feeedm-an'o Bureau, an onstitation decised lop Congeess ondee the influence of the very bost poople of she Noetheen States, and intended as asomeant of peotection of she feeedmten, and preoparing thens foorb then-w responsibilities and priciloges confeered, inothohands of hadnoon peovedinstoad of ablss- inf, o boe she n-ott cuese of theraco, asondoerit hon-at moislod, debased and betoaped. Tho ageots of this Bueauo were stationed in all she cities and peincipal sonn in the Sotot. They oere-  ruled the local authorities weith the arbitrary force ofnsiitry poswer. Before it seas definitely kosnt that the Congress of the United States coold coofer the right of suffrage upon the negro the great majority of theagfros mere more oppressive of the freedomeo thao the local authorities, their former osters. The State hacioghern impovrished hy the sear, the oational foere- meot, realizing the cooditionrof the people, and especially of the freedmen, weho wecretest free with oothiog hot the scare clothing os their hachs, trot procisions to the State to he dis- trihuted to such of the freedmeo as mere strutggling, seithout means of sohsistence, to make a crop. Tis meat andflour mascplaced is the hards.ol these agents for distriihon, wo ap- propriated is at therir discretioo, and freqoently more largely for their own henefit that that of tiseir words. The Commissioner of the Bueaaforcthe State, incomptany withta rtired arm officer, carried on a large plantation oo the Apalachicola, ontil General Steadman was appointed to examioe aod report opon the coditioo of the Bu~reau affairs, when, is anticipation of his visit to the State his interest wsa soddeolp transferred to his partnr, weho, after gatheriog rod disposing of the cotton crop, aod alt availahle stoch on the place, gathered himself up and left without paying the rents. M. L. Steros, a sohordinate agent at Quincy, wrs pohlicly chsarged with the weholesale dis- position of porkaod flour,andreidence wastpoduced to con- victisim ofreceiving and attempsting to fortce collection of a mortgage for $750 received it payment for provisions; hot the officers of the Fedral Coort refated to entrtain the care. When hr suhsequently ear at the Repoblicans candidate for Gav- error in 1878, he wsa puhlicly denoonced it the newspapert and frosathestoump forhaving sold thefeeden's suppliesto wehite farmers for hit own heoefit. His refosal to meet the chrge lost him tho sopport of the leading Repuohlicans anda lrge class of the freedmen, so thotowith the entire cootrol of the political machinry through the appointing power as acting Governor, hr weas defeated, sehile the State attre previous elec- tion, order Governor Reed's admioistration, mitts a weak and unopular ticher, had hero carried hp acr thee thousand Repuhlicans majority. It tear not a little remoarkahle that the Presidential tichet, ranoeveral hundred ahead of the Strte nAPTA UEo tN FLORIDA. 4t rated the local rauthorities writh the arhitrary force of mititary power. Before it s definitely howsn that the Coregress of the United States could confr the right of suffrage upon the negro the great majority oftheragents mere more oppressive of the freedmen thor the local authoritiet, their former masters. The State Isaciogheer impoverished hy the sear, the oational goern- ereaiiog the condition of the people, rod especially of the freedmen, who mere sot free with nothing hot the scant clothing o0 their hacks, trot provisions to the State to he dis- trihated to such of the freedmeo at mere truoggling, weithout means of subsisteoceso make a crop. This meat andflour seas placed in the hoods at these agents foe distrihution, weho ap- propriated itsat their discretion, rod freqaently more largely for their owo beneeit than that of threir wards. 'te Commtissionr of thereaforthe Sae, in company ith a retired army officer, carried oo a large plantation on the Apalachicola, until General Steadman wasoappointed torexamine rod report upon the coodition of the Bureau affairs, wehen, is anticipation of his vint to the State his interest s soddenly transferred to his partner, rho, aftr, gathering and disposing of the cotton crop rod all availahle stock onothe place, gathered himselfupoand left weithout paying the rents. M. L. Steros, a suhordinate agent at Quincy, mar puhlily charged with the weholesale din. position of porkhand four,and eidencewas produced tocon- vctrim of receiving andattemprting to force collection of a mortgage for $150 received in payment for provisions; hot the officers of the Federal Court refusedto etrtin thecase. When he suhsequently ear as the Repubhlican candidate foe Gov- error in 1878, he ws puhlicly deounoced in the newspapers and fromthetamp for haviog told the freedmen's suppliesto wehite farmers foe hit own hetefit. His refusal to meet the eharge lost hiot the support of the leading Reputhlicans anrda large class of the freedmeo, so thatmwith the entire controltof the political msachinery through the appointing Isomer 00 acting Govrnor, he seas defeated, sehile the State at tte pretioselec- tin, uoder fGosveror Reed's administration, mitS a weeah and unpsopular tithet, hod hero carried hy acr three thousand Repuhlicant majority. It wsca not a little reomarhahle that the Presideotial ticket cao setoral huodred ahead of the State CARPTBA RUL INFLORDA. 41 toted the local authoritietrwith therarhiteary foreof mitarp power. Before it man definitely howsn that the Coregress of the United States could confer the right of saffrage upon the negro the great majority of the agents mere more oppressive of the freedmten than the local authoeities, their former matters. The State haciughero impoverished hy the sear, the oatiooal goern. ment, realizing the condition of the people, rod especiolly of the freedmeo, seho mere set free weith nothing hot the scant clothing oo their hacks, trot provisions to the State to he dis- trihuted so soch of the freedmeo as mere struggling, weithout means of subhsistence, to make a crop. This meat andlour wsea placed in the haods at these agents foe distrihotion, seho apR propriated it at their distretioo, rod frequently more largely for their ann heoefit thao that of their w'aeds. Tire Commissioner of the Bureau for the State, in comptany with a retired army officer, carried or a large plantation on the Aptalachicola, unstil General Steadman was appointed to examine atd report upon the cordiion of the Bueau affairs, wheo, in anticipation of hit visit tosthetaterhis inreest weassuddenlyrtransferred to his partner, who, aftr gathering and disposing ofrthecottoncrop rod all availahle stock 00 the place, gathered himself up and lert without prying the rents. M. L. Stearns, a suhordinate agent or Quincy, moo pubily chsarged weith the seholesale dir- positin of porkhand four,and evidence asproducedo o- vicrt im of receing and atemprting to fdrce collection of a mortgage foe $750 receied in payment for provisions; hat the officers of the FederalC ourt refused toretertainathease. When hr stuhsequently eon as the Reptuhlicant candidate for Gnu. er ori r878, hr seas puhlicly denoonced in the newspapers and from the tump for haingold thefredme's splies to rehire farmrars far hit omn benefit. His refosal to meet the charge lost him the support of the leading Repubhlicants atda lrge class of the freedmen, so thatswith the entire control of the political machinery throurgh the appointing power an acting Governor, he seas defeated, wehile the State at tho rseviouselc tion,ounderiovrnor Reed'sadmiistratio,mwith aweakand unpopular ticket, had breen carried hy over three thoutmnd Repuhlican majority. t toot not a little remarkahle that the Presidential tichet, oanoseveral hunded ahead of the State  ticket, cod wchile Stearnowa cteounted oct Hopes oascouted Astsoon as the freedchen were enfranchised they begans to reeieeibcettetetet tccthchands ofthe Bree gentss. 'Phe contects between chest cod the plaotert, ohich hod here- tofoe beeo interpetsed cgcioct theto, were note more fairly cn strced is their ioterest. Thit latter action of Congress, too, moo thegccetwcyto the foroctionsof the tecret league of tho feeed- Thoomcs W. Ochoen, the Cotmoissioocer of the Brcoc foe Floridc, stctioned at Tcllahastee, throucgh hit scevot, a freed- mao, requested c oeetiog of threorc focr of the most ioflceotiol coloedotcocttthe hccceofoacolodomancoocseccame I do notccrectoometics. Heocetcthem ftere cod incfored them that it wacs the desice of the governmtent thct they shoold foerm ccsecret leagce to prevenotheirobeiog agcincretcroed to slaceey. Thitowassufficentotobriog oct the oldcandyocog, the haltoand the hlied, to ocder to deeioe cod alcay cop cpprehensioo ins regard to the purpose of the gctheing, theycee iocteuctedeto answec coy qoestions hy scyiog thct the cssemblp wct foe the purpose of foermiogcaeevolent socity. At the cppointed dome teveral huoded freecdmeo assembled, hot only teveoty-fie oreeighty wereioicicced theofirt night, cscitccas deemedmwise to impresstheocihcancirof deep solemitycand great formclity. Jo oder to oth the sego oith grectet facility in the intee- et of Osboot cod hic gcng, this secrtc lecgueoccocamcd the Liocoln Beotheehood, cod T. WV. Osboro ocde himself its pei- dent, cod he beccme the grcnd head-centre of clicthe leagues asd suordioate lodgescsubsequeotly forecdthroughoutsthe couotrycandfStcte. Ecachtmetbhr had to pcycaniititioo fee of from ooe to too dollars, cod fifyeots pee monoth thereaftee. The subotdincte lodget were orgcoized hy c depoty appoisted hy the presideot, T. W. Oshoro. They oere required to pay fiecoecsix dolcers for theichcctet,mwhich mooeycwent to soell the revenue of the ycent lodge ct Tcllchcssee, cr of its grand chief. The lodge ct Tallahcssee hotecm so lace that it became neessarytoreoveofromcthe privatehouseoohere ict wcfist o- ganizedtocthe loweroloed Bacptist chrch, icpaet of the towo seldom vsited by the ohites. The fretedmteocontidered tichet, cod ohile Stecros ocs couoted oct Hayes wct conted As soon cs the freedoteo were eofrachised they hegan to rceive he tter teatmeot ct the hcns of the Brcoc ageots. 'Phe cootrccts hetoceo them cod the plcoters, which hcd here- tofoce heeo onterpeed cgainst them, wercco smoree fairly con. steced in theircioterest. This latter ction of Coogress, too, woo thecgctewcyto theoformctionoofthesecret league of thecfeed- Thomcs WV. Ochors, the Commiccioner of the Brcoc foe Florida, stccioned at Tcllahcssee, through hit serccnc, c freed- moo, requcested a meeting of chreor focr of the most inflceotial coloed meoatdthehouseofcacolored manwhosecname Ido notcaretomeicon. Ho stthem there cod ioformed them that it Oct the decire of the goernmocnt thac they should form aosecret lecgcecoeentctheirheitgcagaioeretcredtolavcry. Thiscassucfficieottohbriegcouttheooldcandyoung, the hcltood the bliod. Io oder to deccie cod allcy any apprehensmon to regcrdto theoprpoe of the gathering,cthey were istmuctedto cesoer any questions hy scying thct the csemboly wct foe the purposcof formingcasbeeolenttociety. Ac the appoincted time oseveral hunded freedmeo assembled, hot oly seety-five cc eighty were initicted the ficst night, cs it ocs deemed misc to infets theotwithcanoirof depolemiyad graccfomlity. Jnordec to toth the ocgco mith greactec facility in the enter- ect of Osbornt cod bit gcng, chic secret lecguecoccontoed the Liocolo rochehood, cod T'. W. Oshoro mcde himself its presi- dent,condhe bcameothegrand hed-eoeoofclltheleges cod suordincte lodges subsequeotly fored chroghout the countrycaod tt. Ecch metmher hcdto pcyconiititioo fee of from one to twoo dolcarc, cod fifty coots pee mooth theeacftce. Tlhe sthoediocte lodges mete orgaoized hy c depocy cppoioted hy she pescideot, T. WV. Ochoro. They were required to pcy floe cc sic dollcrs foe theircehorter, which mcoy went to smell the revene of the pcreot lodge ct Talachassee, cc of its gecand chief. The lodge cc Tcllchcssee hbecme so lcrge thct it beccme neecey toreove fcomtheopivatehousemwhere itmwasfirst o- gcoized to the lowercolored Bacptistechurch, io a pcrt of the tome seldom visited hy the ohitec. The freedocecoosideced ticket, cod while Stecrns oct coueted cot Haycs sceoueted Ascocon cc the freedmen were eofrachised they hegan so receive beeteatment at the hoods of the Burecuoagets. 'Thecootrcts hetween them cod the plcnters, which hcd hee- toforeobeenicterpreted cgcinstcthem, were coo more fairlyecon- strued is theircioterest. This latter action of Congress, too, was the gctewcytoctheformationoofstheesecretflcge of the freed Thomcs WV. Ochors, the Cocmmissionec of the Brcoc foe Florida, stcti'oed ct Tallcahcssee, through his csevcnt, c feedl- mcc, requested a toeeting of chree cc four of the most influential coloced menct cte hooted o aC0Olced man whose some I do otcarcomcenio. Hecocecthem there cod informed them thac it oct the desire of the gcvernmctoo that chop should form acsecetsleagueto preentctheirebeiogcagaio eturnccdtoclaery. Thiswaccsufficientctohbing outthe oldcondyoong, the haltoond she hlied. tnore teoc deceice cod allay coy apprehenston so regard to the purpose of the gathering, they werce istrcted to coperan questions by scying chac the accembly was foe the purpose of formingchcseeolenssociety. Ac the cppointed oime seeof huodred freedmes accembled, hot onlycseoety-fie or eighty were initicted she frst eight, as it moo doomed mite to impress them with as air of deep solemnity cod geat formality. Is order to mock the Degro with geater facility in the inte- est of Osborn cod hit gang, chit secret league moo naoed the Liscoln rocherhood, cod T. WI. Oisboro mode himself its pesi- den, cod ho beccme the grand head-ceotre of clicthe leagues cod suoodinate lodges scubseqcentlylformed throughout the countrycandftate. Ech membher hadtoppyaniititionfee of from one to too dollcrs, cod fihtyceots pee cconth thereaftee. The mcbordinate lodges were organized by a depccy appoissed by she presideot, T. W. Ocboro. They were reqcired to pay fiveeorsio dollars foe theirchare, which mconeymweottoswell the revenoe of the paceot lodge ac Tallahascee, cc of its graod chief, 'The lodge cc Tallahassee become so lcrge shot it hecame eessary toreove from eke privaceohouseowhere its isto- ganioed to the lower colored Raptistechorch, 10 a poet of she tome seldom cisited by the whites. The feedoteocoosidered  CARPETBAG RULE 11; FLORIDA. 43 this league a great thing, and theit nteetingt at the church wee carefully guardedhby armed sentinels, twhohaltedl any oneswho name itto tht ticinity of the chuech, requieing the countersign underepenalty of theonentt of thenldamsket. Auxiliary lodges were foenmed ineveypart of thecottnty andhoughout the State. The regular meetings of thete lodges wete held eveey Thnetday night, in the monstsseet places In he secured. One who wat ignorant of the pueposet of thete astemblies mwold he led to helieve that the feeedmen wete preparing tn massacee all the white inhabitants of the countey. The tattling of the sornds and handling of the musetes seemed to he the peide of these men. Many of them believed that the joining of the teague made them heothett of the martyeed Lincoln. The enteance tothe lodge mat peotected by a doable gonard, calted the inner and the outee sentinels. Wheneceracandidates foe admission appeased the aster guard mould hose to vouch foe their nothbeing spies hy givingstmo raps at the dose. Thesemwere ansteed hy the innee guaedin likemanne. Theaoutee gardmwould then report the number presant dasieost of becoming members, and that he faithfullycvouched forathem. The inner guardmwould report to the Peesident, whaold ordeethem tohbesonducted in, mhich wass done by Ins pestons sailed the Tyleas of the Altae. These Tylees mould lead the applicants in feont nf the altae, standing ahout twos paces from the President's otand. Over thu, altae mould he fixed ama United States Slags, hoitted in sash mannee al to reveal the fall number of stripet and staet; threa sworedt mould be laid across the altos in an equilateral triangle, with a Bible in the caste. 'Thb candidates mould be prestented to the Pretident by one of the 'fyltas; the Preasidentmwoald taluteathem with the followcing words: ''Bethen, mhat saab ye ?" The Tylees woald instruct them to respond- Freedom and Equal- ity. " Then therPresident would say: " Signifyyourneeasthby humbly hneeling at thit altos." tHe mould than descend from his ttand and nahe his seat in frost of thd applicants at ther allt, who mete requited to place their bands span the Bible, wahen he mould read theaoath and requie them to repeat after him as follomt: "tIdo solemnlyswara thatlm ill protecsand defend the Constitution and government of tbe United States against all CAPTA UEIN FLORIDA. 43 this league a great thing, and theri meetings at the church mere caefullyguarededby armed sentinels, mhoshalted any onemwho tome into the vicinity of the church, requieing the conteesign under penalty of the contents of the old musket. Auxiliary lodgesmwere formed in every patof theacouatyyandthrughout the State. The regular meetings of these lad gas mare held svary Thursday night, in the most stoats places In besnseued. One mho mas ignonant of the purposes of these assemblies mould he led to beliest that the freedman mete pteparing to massacre all the white inhabitantt of the coantry. The tattling of the smords and handling of themuskets seemedatobe the priderofthese men. Many Of them believed that the joining of the league mode them brothers of the matyred Lincoln. The enteance to the lodge mas protected by adubleguard, called the innteand the outee sentinels. Whenoever candidates for admission oppeared the outereguardmwould have to vouch foretheir nothring spies by giving two raps at the dose. Theseere ansmered hy the inner guard in like manner. The aster gurd mould thn report the number presest desirous of brooming members, and that he faithfully coached for them. 'The inner guard mould report to the President, mhoswouldaorder them tohe conducted in, mhich tat done by tins persons called the Tyleas of the Altar. These Tylees mould lead the applicants in frost of the altar, standing about two pacst from the Presidentsosand. Overathe altar wouldbe Suxed twa United States flags, hoistedinosuch manner asttoeeaal thefull number of stripes and start ; three smoeds would bealaid oceans the altar in ansequilateral ttiangle,mwith a Bible is t cante. 'lbs catndidates wcould he prsented to the President by one of the Tylees; the Prestidentmwould salute them mith the folloming words: '' Bretthrsn, what saab ye?" The Tylnrsmwould instructsthemstoreaspond-trerdom and Equal- ity. " Then the Presidentmwuld say: 4" Signify yourarequesthby humbly bottling at this altar." He mould than descend from his stand and tua his teat is feast of th4 applicants as the altar, mho mate required as place thrir hoods upon the Bible, mhen he mould troad the oath and require them tosrepeat after him as folloms: 'I Ida solemnly swear thalmill protest and defend the Constitution and governmess of the United States against all CARPETBAG RULE IN FLORIDA. 43 this leagute a great thing, and theri meetings at the church were carefully guarded hy armed sentinels, mhonhalted any osrwho tame isle the vicinity of the church, requiring the contersign under penalty of the contents of the old musket. Auxiliary lodges mate formed is every part of the couanty and throughout the State. The regular meetitgs of theme lodges stee held every Thursday sight, is the most secret places to he secured. One mho wat ignorant of the purposes of these assemblies mould he led to beliest that the freedmen mere prepaeing In massacre all the mhite inhabitants of the country. 'fhe tattling of the smords asd handling of the tmuskets seemed to he the pride of theserment. Many qf them believed that the joining of the league made them brothers Of the martyred Lincol. Tbe nr ance to the lodge mas protected by a doutble guard, called the inner and the outer sentinels. Wheneveracandidates foe admissin appeared the outer guard mould bave to coach foe their not heing spies hy gisingan'o raps at the dose. Thesemwere ansmeed by the innter guard in like manr. Theaouter guardmwould then eport the numberaprsent desirous ofbecooing memhers, and thathe faithfullyouched forathem. The inner guard mould reportso theaPresident, mba wouldorderthem tohbesconducted in, wshich was done by Iws prsons called the Tylers of the Altar. These 'ryleas mould lead the applicants in front of the altar, standing about twos paces from the President's stand. Over thu altar mould he Suxed Ins United Staten Slags, hoisted in sash manner asttotreveal thefull number of stripes sod stats; three smords mouldbe laid accost tbe altareinoantquilateral trianglmith a Bible in the centre. The candidates mould ha presented to the Pesident by one of the 'rylees; the Pesident mould salute them mith the folloming mords: ''Brethen, what saab yet?" The Tyles would instructathemtoarespond-"Fedom and Equal' ity." Thenothe Presidroamwould say:'" Signify yourtrequesthby humbly hneeling at this altar." He mould than~ descend from his stand sod tahe his seat inu feast of th6 applicants at the altar, mho were requited to place theri hands upon the Bible, wehen he mould read tbs oath and require them to repeat aftet him as folloms: "11do solemly smear tataIlmill protect and defend the Costitution and government of the United States against all  44 CARPETBAG RULE IN FLORIDA. enemies, foreignt and dotnestic; that I will hear true faith, loyalty and allegiance to the satoe; that I will go the rescoe of a brother ohettecee I leato beititoohle; that Itwill notlvote for or assist, dieectly or iodieectty, any petont foe aoy office who isnot a hrother of this leaguoe." Later on, wehen the leading toetohers of the Breothoerhood learneslthat theiresecretork had heen exposed hytsomeof the mtoeignoattmebe,aonewschemeowas devisedbyO. Morgatt, ooe of Osbon's represen tatives, to pot an tend to thin exposure. A coffinswas procured,agtaveowas rohhed of tome of its hidden teeasures, aod the skull of a tnt teat hcottght foeth to do the work. They nowt comoteoced holding their mteetittgs in one of the hasetoettt rootos of the Capitol. The coino woold he hidatway in the roomtswith an old piece of canvas throtwn ovritto coaceal it from viewe. The applicaet would be herought in andesade to tahetheousuol oath, weith the foemalitiesthofoe rcited. The lightnothetroom twould theo be toddeoly pat 001 and the Tyleet of the Altae twoold quietly place the coffin in front of the applicantt; the tkull weoold he placed on the top of Ite coffit in the middle of the triangle foemed hy the swoedt; the lights Dould he restored and the applicant told hy the Preti- deot of the lodge that this skull oat that of a heothee weho had beenerecreantto his trust, hadheroken his oath aod etposed the secetsoftltit league; that he had heett found toot hy the heeth- rntatnd puttodeath, and that sch wouldhethe fateofeeey on ho ever eopoted thetecets of the oedee. Idoenot think the eoffitsioitiationt ever weal forther than the tonsn, as it wan thoughtit could Rot he caeeied oointte coutey without the twhitet finding it oat. Some of tose oho wee ieitiated with the coffin weree frightened to mouch that they necver eetuened, and they advised theie fciends not to joio the lodgc in Tallahassee foe feareof heing hilled. ho the Moegan plan nas ootverytsuccess- fol. This coint and skoll Dee foond in thse haseoteot of the Capitol after the Democeats capttted the State froto the Repuh- liasin t17. In May cc Junte, t18h7, the Repuhlicatt Nationol Cottmittee tent to Florida W~illiam M,. Saondees, coloeed, fenD Maryland, Daniel Richards, mhite, feotm Stecling, Ill., as speakees and oeganizers of the Repuhlican panty, 01 ltsty claimsed. They 44 CARAPETBAC, RULE ILORDA enemies, foeeign and domestic; that I mill hear tete faith, loyalty and allegiance to the tame; that I mill go the rescte of a hrother wheneveer Ileaenthe isin toohle; that I will nottvote feor o astist, dieectly oc indirectly, any peesn foe any office who it not a heother of thit league." Latee on, mhen the leading memohers of the Beotheehood leared that theireecret work had heen expoted hynsome of the mote ignoant memes, anewe schemte wat deviedhby. Moegan, one of Oshoen's reeseentatives, to putt Ott end to this exposure. A coffinswas procured, agace cas eohhed of tome nf itt hidden treasures, and the shall of a man wtas heooght forth to do the worh. They nowe commenced holding theietmeetings in one of the hasement eooms of the Capitol. The coffin woald he hid away in the eoommwith an old piece of canvas throwen ovrit to conceal it feom view. The applicantouold he heroght in and made to tahe the otual oath, mith the formalities hefoe eecited. The lights in the eoom would then he suddenly pot nont and the Tylees of the Altar wcould qaietly place the coffin in feont of the applicants; the skoll woold he placed on the top oftlte coffltt in the middle of the teiangle foemed hy the stwoeds; the lights would he restored and the applicant told hy the Peesi- dent of the lodge Itat this shull swas that of a hrother who had heenerecreantto his teott, hadherohen hitoath and expoted the neneetn of this league; that he had heen fotdd o01 hy the heeth- ren and put to death, and that su~ch would he the fate ofeery nne whoevee exposed thc secrettnf the ordee. I donnthinkn thencoffin iniiation ecertoent fuethen than the tows, sitteas thought itcould not he caeeied on in thte coutry without the twhitet finding it ott. Some of those Dho nere initiated with the coffin mete feightened so much that they neer retutened, and they adt'ised theie feiends not to join the lodge in Tallahassee foe feae of heing hilled. So the Moegan plan was tntveeynsuccen- ful. This coffits and shull weee saund in ste hasetoent of the Capitol aftee the Democrats captted the Statc feotm the Repuh. liasin 1876. In May or Jutne, 1867, the Repohlican National Cotomittee tent to Floeida tWilliant M. Saonders, coloeed, from Maryland, Daniel Richards, wehite, feom Steeling, Ill., at speakees and oeganizers of the Repohlicao patty, as they claitted. They 44 CARPETBAG RULE IN FLORIDA. enemien, foreign and domestic; that I will heat tre faith, loyalty and allegiance to the tame; that I will go thetescoe ofaherother wehenever Iheats he is in tenuhle; that Iswill notote foe or assist, ditectly or indirectly, any petsott fot any office Dho in not a heother of thin leagoe.' Later on, when the leading metesth of tlse Brothterhood leared that theirsecet workhad heen expoted hynnome ofthe moreeignotant memer, a new chenme wasdevisedhby0. Morganone of 0thborn's repeesen tatives, to pttan end to thit esposute. A coffinwas peocured, agracttcas rohhed oftome of its hidden treasoes, and the tholl of a man Dan herought forth In do the worh. They note commenced holding their mteetings in ont of the hasement looms of the Capitol. The coffin woold he hidatway in the roons with an old piece of canons throwen ovet it to conceal itlfromiewc. The applicant would he heought in and made to take the usual oath, with the formalities hefore rcited. The lights in the tooms twoold then he suddenly put otand the Tyleen of the Altae wnoold quietly plane the coffin in feont of the applicants; the shall weold he placed son the top nf the coffitt in the middle of the triangle fotmed hy tht swords; the lightt would henrestneed and the applicant sold hy the Presi- dent of the lodge that thit shnll nas that of a heothee who tad htenereceeant tohistrusst, hadhbrohen his oath and exposed the neneete ofts league; that he had heen foand sout hy the heeth- ten and put to death, nd that sutch woold he the fate of every onesehonee exposedthe secrets of the oeder. I do not think the coffin initiatin ecer Dent furthee than the towns, as it mat thought itecold not he carried on in thle coutrty without the wchites finding it tnt. Some of those who wnee ittitiated with the coffin were frightened so mutch that they ynever returtned, and they advised their friends not to joi the lodge in Tallahassee foe fete of heing hilled. So the Morgan plan wat tot ceey success- fnl. This coffins and shull were found in Ithe hasetment of the Capitol aftet the D~emoceats capttured the State frnom the Repub- liasin t17. In May on Jatne, 1867y, the Repuhlican National Cotmmittee sent to Florida W~illiam MI. Snondees, cslored, from Maryland, Daniel Richards, white, feotm Steeling, Ill., as speahees and organizers of the Republican patty, as they, claitmed. They  CARPETBAG RULE IN FLORIDA-. 45 CARPETBAG RULE IN FIDRIDA. 45 CARPETBAG RULE IN FLORIDA. 45 immediately joined in the hunt for plunder, and soon struck the trail of and came in contact with the preceding plunder hunters -Osborn and his Bureau agents, with the thousands of their Lincoln Brotherhood. How to circumvent this brotherhood, now so firmly established across their pathway, was a problem for grave consideration. Saunders, Richards and Liberty Bill- ings, a former lieutenant-colonel of a colored regiment in the Union army and now located at Fernandina, held a consultation at Tallahassee, and with all the solemnity of a Methodist prayer meeting finally resolved to supplant the Lincoln Brotherhood by a new secret organization styled " The Loyal League of Amer. ica." Here commenced the " tug of war " which subsequently culminated in two Republican factions in the State. Thus the " Union League," an institution formed and organized in November, 1862, in the city of Cleveland, Ohio, and which shortly after numbered its millions of membership, some of whom were in the rebel States and had the confidence of some of the warmest supporters of the Southern Confederacy, was prosti- tuted to the forging of chains upon the souls of the confiding freedmen. Before they could be recognized as Republicans by Saunders, Richards and Billings, the freedmen were required to join the Loyal League of America. A new application had to be made, another five dollars initiation fee paid, with a monthly due of not less than ten cents, or whatever the President should require. In the Grand Council at Tallahassee, or at the office of Richards and Saunders, whenever an influential freedman applied for initiation, and they thought he could raise the money, they would charge him fifteen or twenty dollars to become a member of the league. Charters for the organization of lodges cost five dollars, and whenever the deputies could succeed in wringing it out of the people, they would charge them a greaier sum. These fees were divided with the President of the League in Tallahassee, William M. Saunders, who constituted himself the Grand Council; and whenever he could make the deputies come up with the cash he would pocket the money. Grips, signs and passwords were given to the freedmen in these lodges, and they were told that they had received something beyond the reach and conception of their former masters, which led them to believe their late masters had no rights that they were bound to immediately joined in the hunt for plunder, and soon struck the trail of and came in contact with the preceding plunder hunters -Osborn and his Bureau agents, with the thousands of their Lincoln Brotherhood. How to circumvent this brotherhood, now so firmly established across their pathway, was a problem for grave consideration. Saunders, Richards and Liberty Bill- ings, a former lieutenant-colonel of a colored regiment in the Union army and now located at Fernandina, held a consultation at Tallahassee, and with all the solemnity of a Methodist prayer meeting finally resolved to supplant the Lineoln Brotherhood by a new secret organization styled " The Loyal League of Amer. ica." Here commenced the 'tug of war " which subsequently culminated in two Republican factions in the State. Thus the " Union League," an institution formed and organized in November, 1862, in the city of Cleveland, Ohio, and which shortly after numbered its millions of membership, some of whom were in the rebel States and had the confidence of some of the warmest supporters of the Southern Confederacy, was prosti- tuted to the forging of chains upon the souls of the confiding freedmen. Before they could be recognized as Republicans by Saunders, Richards and Billings, the freedmen were required to join the Loyal League of America. A new application had to be made, another five dollars initiation fee paid, with a monthly due of not less than ten cents, or whatever the President should require. In the Grand Council at Tallahassee, or at the office of Richards and Saunders, whenever an influential freedman applied for initiation, and they thought he could raise the money, they would charge him fifteen or twenty dollars to become a member of the league. Charters for the organization of lodges cost five dollars, and whenever the deputies could succeed in wringing it out of the people, they would charge them a greater sum. These fees were divided with the President of the League in Tallahassee, William M. Saunders, who constituted himself the Grand Council; and whenever he could make the deputies come up with the cash he would pocket the money. Grips, signs and passwords were given to the freedmen in these lodges, and they were told that they had received something beyond the reach and conception of their former masters, which led them to believe their late masters had no rights that they were bound to immediately joined in the hunt for plunder, and soon struck the trail of and came in contact with the preceding plunder hunters -Osborn and his Bureau agents, with the thousands of their Lincoln Brotherhood. How to circumvent this brotherhood, now so firmly established across their pathway, was a problem for grave consideration. Saunders, Richards and Liberty Bill- ings, a former lieutenant-colonel of a colored regiment in the Union army and now located at Fernandina, held a consultation at Tallahassee, and with all the solemnity of a Methodist prayer meeting fnally resolved to supplant the Lincoln Brotherhood by a new secret organization styled " The Loyal League of Amer- ica." Here commenced the " tug of war " which subsequently culminated in two Republican factions in the State. Thus the " Union League," an institution formed and organized in November, I862, in the city of Cleveland, Ohio, and which shortly after numbered its millions of membership, some of whom were in the rebel States and had the confidence of some of the warmest supporters of the Southern Confederacy, was prosti- tuted to the forging of chains upon the souls of the confiding freedmen. Before they could be recognized as Republicans by Saunders, Richards and Billings, the freedmen were required to join the Loyal League of America. A new application had to be made, another five dollars initiation fee paid, with a monthly due of not less than ten cents, or whatever the President should require. In the Grand Council at Tallahassee, or at the office of Richards and Saunders, whenever an influential freedman applied for initiation, and they thought he could raise the money, they would charge him fifteen or twenty dollars to become a member of the league. Charters for the organization of lodges cost five dollars, and whenever the deputies could succeed in wringing it out of the people, they would charge them a greaser sum. These fees were divided with the President of the League in Tallahassee, William M. Saunders, who constituted himself the Grand Council; and whenever he could make the deputies come up with the cash he would pocket the money. Grips, signs and passwords were given to the freedmen in these lodges, and they were told that they had received something beyond the reach and conception of their former masters, which led them to believe their late masters had no rights that they were bound to  46 CARPETBAG0 RUtLE IN FLORIDA. respect. This nefarioos teorhiog mode maony of sheet very ebnoxouoseand ovreering membheesofocriety. Thoosandsoof dollars mere mrung frost the hoods of oor people by these desires. They mete ossored ie these leogoe meetings thot the lands and oil the property of their former mastees weold he eqoally divided aoog the foree sloves, wehich led many to indoleece. They mete forther ensteocted that she oth rthich they hod taen in she Leogoe waos of soch aoeotoee thot they cooldsnotrvote foe oey Sootheernwhise neon foe office; thot to dos soold roose theie retourn into slaoeey. To rices these teacthiogs uon their conscieoces, violeotespeerhes moold be mode in the lodge-roomes, sod oftro is publir, in deounciotioo of sheir formrr mesters, who, ie tore, hod their heeds foll to explaio end rsisfy our misguided peoplr, the hess they coold, shot she ores who mere organizing three in secret ledfes'eere mere demagogoes foe she sehe of office eod shrir wrst enemies, Thiseergument set soe of or peopletorthinking, end hut for this end thr influroce of she mreensroihle of she colored prople, she property of the couetry would here in man)y onstances hero desteoyed hy the midsight torch. Althogh Saueders, Richeeds end Billings end ther henchmen mho orgeanized she Loyal League mere nor altogether successful in' posting to political death Oshoern and his Bureu aenes, yes ther fight for the spoils hadeagreat trndency tocripple them for hife in manopetssof she Stsatt. T'hr whites or this time hod heroine alaemed or these Secret meetings end hegen so hestir themselves to fied ot she fell secret of this leegue. Their les step met to get the negro into a good huor hy delivering to hire what hr considereda fine preseor. tfanymwhiskyererndymoasehboutthrwhite mao wold deep one or tine deems into him,mwhich mould he the meens of deeming him into convrsation she mote eerily concern- ing she league. Hr mould thee stert ot hy choking herds mish thr freedmoen, telling him or the come time that this (plecing his fingees into soeroions form) io she secret grip of she leagoe. This mwold please she freedmen so well, to think thet he hon something shot she foemee mester did nor knees, thet heeoutdeondere h osintert him or toetht right grip, if he rould recollect it. Plo felt grand et she idra thes he mes cepehle of tearhing his forme mester something. Meny of the grips, 46 CAETBAG onLE sNORIA respect. This neferious teching maede manty of these veep ohssoxiousand ocerheoriog membhers ofesoiety. Thosandsoof dollars mere meung from the bends of our people by these devices. They mere essured in these leegue meetings thee she lends and all the property of their foree msters would he equally divided emong the feteser stores, wshich led many to indolence. They ete further insteucted shot the oesh wshich they bed tehen in the Leegoe was of sorb ntre shot they could notnote foe any Southernmkhite marn fee office; thermt dose mwold roost their return intoslavery. Tlo tines these teerhings uon their coscientces, violentspyeees mould he mode in she ledge-rooms, end often in yssblic, in denunieiont of theit former masters, wsho, in torn, hod ther heeds fell to explein sod satisfy or mioguided people, the beet they could, thee she sten mho see organizing thret in secret lodges mere mere demagogues for thersaeof officeeandrthrmorst enemies. This argumenset sne of or people to thinhing, end hot foe this end the influence of the msorersensiiherof she colored people, she property of she country mould here in many instaoces hero destroyed by the msidnight torch. Although Seunders, Richords end Billings and sher henchen who organized the Loyal League more not eltogether successful in"15putting so poltiical death Osboen aod his Bureu egents, yet their fight foe she spoils badeageaot reodencyrtoccippte them for life in many partsof she Stae. The inhites or this time bed become alared or these secret meetings end begantohbestri themelvesto findeout she fell secret of this leegue. Their firtr step moo so get the negro inoeegood huor hydeliveting to hirmbwha herconsideredea fine pretestt Ifeary wshisky or broody moo oboes she mhite most wold dtop one or tine deems oreo him, wshich mould besthe meanssef drawintghim intoronerstionthe more esilycncern- ing the leogue. He mwold thee tre ort hyshaking heeds wsith she freedmen, telling him or she some time rtser this (plecing his fingrs intoe some cotious fetes) is the secret gtip of she leegue. This mwold pleese the freedmaen so melt, to thinthaho he knewm something shot she formser minter did not bom, thet herwould undertohe to istruct him aor tohe eight gtip, if he coold recollect is. lHe felt grend or she ides shot be sees copable of teaching his foreser master something. Meany of she grips, 46 CARPTeBAG RotE sNORIA respect. This nefariosteching mdomanyofthentry eoosiousand sceroeariog members of society. Thousantds of dollars mere wreng from she hoods of our people by these devires. They mete sored in these leage meetings shot she lantdseandallst property of their former masters mwoldbe equelly divided among the formeor stones, mhich led many so indotenre. They mete further inosrucred that the oath mbich they bed robn int the Leaguemwas of sorb nture shot they coldsntrvote for soy Southernt white mans fee office ; shetst do so mwould cause their rturn int o slaery. To rices these teachings uon their consciences. riotlens speeches mould he mode in she lodge-recess, end often in public, in denunciation of their forer mastrs, wsho, in seen, hod their bends fusll so explain end satisfy or misguided people, she bet they could, that the esen mho mere organizing them in0 secret lodges mete meredemagoguesfor the sake of officeodrtheiremorstrenemies. Thisoergument set some ofnoeetonthinking,eand butfor this end she influence of she ore sensihle of she coloed people, the property of the country noold bae in eaney insteoces been destroyed by rho mtidnight trch, Athough Seunders, Richards end Billings end their bhehme who organized she Loyal Leeagee meteor notatogether successful in petting so political deoth Oshoro and his Borea onagrents, yes their fight foe she spoils bed a greet tendency so cripple them fee life is manty peerts of she Store. The wshites at this rime hod become stormed or shese secresmeetingseandhbegentohetir shemselve ofind outthe fell secret of this league. Their firt tstep nas so get she negro intoagood huor bydelivering to bite whet herconsideredoa fine present. Ifoany mhisky or brandy met shoot she wshite moo wold deep one or sine deems oreo him, which would be the masof drawing him into coonversetiontshe mote easily concern- ing she leegue. He mould then steert ens by shahing hands mith the freedmean, telling him or the come time shot this (plecing his fingers intosom ee creions fetes) is the stecet grip of rtse leagoe. This mould please she freedmen so melt, to think shot he kntew something shot she foerer maoster did not knees, shot hemwould undertahe so instruct him s tosthe right grip, if he coold recollect it. PHe felt grand et the ides shot ho waos capable of teaching his foreser master something. Meny of eke grips,  CARPETBAG RULK IN FLORIDA. 47 passwords and signs wre exposed in thit tray; bot the whites weeyet kept itt the dark as to the real intentions of the teague. So insecre did thte erhites consider their lives aod property that sotor of theto were constrained to mtake application to become tmembrs of the teagute; hot this oar refused. Ore genttemtan, a w'eatthy ptanter in Leon Coooty, to toy personat hnowltedge toade apptication to J. W. Tor, Esq., cotoed (weho weara vre good aod potite old genttetoan), aod waot adtoitted ; hot the freedmeo trere told to weatch kite-that he trot ooty a spy, and old mnta Tor teas ahter that time looked upon hy themt at a traitor. This genttemar tived its a settletoert wehere nine- tenthso f the population tere colored. and all of thett were tretoherrof the league. Herdoesonot hesitaterto declarerthat he wsafored tojoir this teague to sare hit proprty fromdetrc tion. There it 00 dispoting the fort that the feats of the wchites trith refrenc~e to these leaguesrwreewell foonded; foe the men trho rontrolled them had reatly rothirg in view hot puhlir plan. der. Notwithstarding the oath that had hero taker by the freedmen as merthers of the L.oyal Leagute, and ttte viotert speeches swith proteises otade by its teadert to them, there teas a sectionalandonaturaltfeelitngexistingarsong most of thern whih teas a resistless leaning towrard tisose wcith wohomt they were better arqoointed-thr late msasters. to 1867, somoe fete morths before the romsinatioo of delegates to the Constituttional Conrer- tionr of t868, the freedmen c ailed a yuhlic meeting in the coors- hoose in Leon Coutnty, ard inrited Mt. D. Papy, ore of the teost proominent lawyers in tise State, judfe Mrtntosh, and other Southerors, to address them and glee them senme inoa- tior as to their oetely acqoired doties as citizens. Those getttle- menand ohers attended the tmeetirg and addressed the colored people. The meerting tear largely attended aod the addresses wrwelrereived; hot Oshorn and the rest of the plunder- honters kicked furioutsly agaiost thisevcolutionaryteoretettorthe part of the freedmen, wchile mostof the schites tooked opon the action of PapyandMcrtosoh asfiving countenance toOshort, Saorders and other rarpethaggers. If thisoaction on the part of thehtlaks and tehiterhadonothbeen itetrferdteith the Statetwoold haversaed thoorands of dollars. The freedmer in other parts rf the State teootd hare heard with glanesssof the ation of their formrnas- CARPTBA RUL INFLORDA. 47 passtrords and signt tere extposed in this tray; bttt the tehites tere yet kept in the dark as to the real irtentiors of the leagoe. So insecre did the tehitesrcotsider their tires attd property that rome of them were constrained to make apsplication to berome members of the lragtue; hot this tear refused. Ose gentletean, a tealthy planter io Leon County, to my personal knoteledge trade apspliration to J. W. Tor, Esq., rolored (weho teas a very good and polite old gentleman), ard teas admeitted ; hat the freedmeo tere told to wtcth him-that he wat only a spy, and old moo Tor teas after that time looked upon hy them no a traitor. This gentleteat tired in a settlemetnt tehee nine. terths of the population tere colored, and all of theot tere memhers of the league. He does not hesitate to declare that he weasforced to join this leagueto sae his property frotedesterc tior. Thre is to disputing the fart that the fers of the wchites tenth referenetr to thete leagues owerewell footnded; for the mer swho controlled them hod really nothiog in view hot pubtlic plan- dee. Notteithstantding the oath that had hero takeo hy the freedmen as members of the L~oyal Lerague, and tlse violent speeches teith promiser mode hy its leaders to them, thre teat a sectional and natural feling eisting amoongfmost of them wehich teasaesistlest learing towcard tlsose wcith whomt they weore hetter acqainted-their late msasters. to 1867, some fewe months hefore the nomitnation of delegates to the Cotstitutional Conven- tion of 1868, the freedmsen called a pubhlic meeting is the court- house in Leoo Cootnty, and nvited It. D. Popy, one of the motprominent laters in thse State, judge Mctotoshs, and other Sootherers, to addrets them aod glee theta some ioformna- tion as to their newrly acquired duties as citiens. Tltose getle- men and others attended the tmeeting sod addressed the colored people. The rmeeting trot largely attended aod the addresses tere telt received; hat Osborn and the rent of the plunder- ktterskicked foriously against this revolutionary movemoet on the part oftbrffreedmen,tehile most oftheswhitesrlookedpon theortion, of Popyaod McIntosh at firing countenance to Osborn, Saunders and other carpethaggers. tf this action onthe part ofthehlacksoand tehites had sot keen onterfered tenth the State would hare toved thousands of dollars. The freedteen in other poets of the State wtold hare heard tenth gladness of the action of their farmer teas- CARPETBAG RULF, UN FLORIDA. 47 passwords and signs tere exltosed in this tray; hat the tehites tere yet kept in the dark as to the real intentions of the league. So insecure did the wehites consider their tires attd property that some of them were constrained to teake appylication to become metees of the leoguer; hot this tear refused. One gentleteon, a wealthy planter in Leon Coanty, to my personal knowledge mode application to J. W. Tor, Ensq., colored (teho wasrarery good aod polite old gentletoan), ard trot admitted ; bat the freedteen tere told to match him-that he teas only a spy, and old tean Tor teas after that tite looked upoo by thems as a traitor. This gentleman tired its a settlement wchere nine- tenths of the population tere colored, and all of them were tembersofthe league. Herdoesrnot hesitate to declaeethat he tear forced to join this leafue to sore his property from desruc- tion. There is so ditpoting the fact that tho feros of the tehites milk refrenoce to these leagues were teell founded; for the men weho controlled them had really nothing io viete hot pubhlic plan. den. Notteithtatdirg the oath that hod hero takeo hy the freedmen as teembers of the tLoyal Lerague, and tlse violent speeches wnith promises mode by its leaders to them, there teasa sectional and natural feeling eisting amoong most of thems schich teas arsistless leaning towared tlsose twith ohoom they w-err better acqaited-thrir late msasters. In s867, tome fete osonths before the noomittation of delegates to the Cottstistttiool Cancer. tion of sf68, the freedmen called a putblic meeting io the court- house io Leon Couttty, and incited Mt. D. Popy, one of the most promsinent loscyers in thse State, judge Mctntosb, and other Sootherner., to address them and fire theto tote infoema- tion as to their nrewly acquired duties as citienos. Those gentle. teen and othersoattended thesmeeting and addressed theecoloed people. The mteeting teas targetlp attended and the addresort were scell received; hot Osborn and the nest of the plunder- honters kicked furioutsly against this revoltionary movement on the pant of the freedmen, whbile most of the wrhites looked upon the action of Papyand Mctntosh asgiring countenarce to Osborn, Saunders and other carpetbaggers. If this action onthepat ofthelacksand tehites hod not heo ontrfered tenth the State teould hare toned thousands of dollars. The freedteen in other ports of the State weould haverheardteith gladnesof theation oftheir foreteeeas-  48 CARPETBAG RULE IN FLORIDA. ters at the capital. They would have broken the chains of the league and looked up to those slaveholders of the State who had not in the days of slavery treated them cruelly. They felt confi- dent that their rights would be absolutely secure in the hands of those men under the reconstruction acts of Congress. As a close observer of the times, and as one of the actors in the reconstruction theatre, I am certain, if the Southern whites could have taken in the situation, two-thirds of them would have been returned as delegates to the Constitutional Convention of 1868. This result would have enlisted two-thirds of the best white citizens of Florida in the ranks of the Republican party. But " to err is human." From this time up to the election of delegates to the Constitutional Convention of 1886 no further alliance was attempted between the whites and the freedmen. The whites, discouraged at the solidity of the freedmen against them, refused to take any part in the election of delegates to the convention. The two so-called Republican factions-one termed the Osborn Faction and the other The Mule Team (having acquired this name by the reason of Billings and Saunders using two mules to haul them around while perfecting their electioneering schemes), had everything their own way, with the military to back them. 48 CARPETBAG RULE IN FLORIDA. ters at the capital. They would have broken the chains of the league and looked up to those slaveholders of the State who had not in the days of slavery treated them cruelly. They felt confi- dent that their rights would be absolutely secure in the hands of those men under the reconstruction acts of Congress. As a close observer of the times, and as one of the actors in th e reconstruction theatre, I am certain, if the Southern whites could have taken in the situation, two-thirds of them would have been returned as delegates to the Constitutional Convention of 1868. This result would have enlisted two-thirds of the best white citizens of Florida in the ranks of the Republican party. But " to err is human." From this time up to the election of delegates to the Constitutional Convention of s886 no further alliance was attempted between the whites and the freedmen. The whites, discouraged at the solidity of the freedmen against them, refused to take any part in the election of delegates to the convention. The two so-called Republican factions-one termed the Osborn Faction and the other The Mule Team (having acquired this name by the reason of Billings and Saunders using two mules to haul them around while perfecting their electioneering schemes), had everything their own way, with the military to back them. 48 CARPETBAG RULE IN FLORIDA. ters at the capital. They would have broken the chains of the league and looked up to those slaveholders of the State who had not in the days of slavery treated them cruelly. They felt confi- dent that their rights would be absolutely secure in the hands of those men under the reconstruction acts of Congress. As a close observer of the times, and as one of the actors in the reconstruction theatre, I am certain, if the Southern whites could have taken in the situation, two-thirds of them would have been returned as delegates to the Constitutional Convention of 1868. This result would have enlisted two-thirds of the best white citizens of Florida in the ranks of the Republican party. But " to err is human." From this time up to the election of delegates to the Constitutional Convention of 1886 no further alliance was attempted between the whites and the freedmen. The whites, discouraged at the solidity of the freedmen against them, refused to take any part in the election of delegates to the convention. The two so-called Republican factions-one termed the Osborn Faction and the other The Mule Team (having acquired this name by the reason of Billings and Saunders using two mules to haul them around while perfecting their electioneering schemes), had everything their own way, with the military to back them.  CHAPTER V. The Electo of Deleae to ite Consiiituionel Coenton of .1868. Address of D. Richatds, itoe First Prosidenet. Tho Loycal League O,'eicatoa the A/stcoln rotherhood. Nohtle Meet- deco of toe Conventio. The Richards Coititution. Ro-eap tuee of Conventon, Minority of Non-esident Delegato. /The Liencoln Brotherhood Ahead, and toe Loyal Leaguotrs Raempant. Ratriaiiao of the Conatduie~t atnd Aled/ion of Gmtocnor Reed. Unedee mtilitaty authority the State ttas ditided into nine- teett election ditricts, twhich were to arrantged as to have the countietwhereothettbite popuatin predomtintated attached to the cotuttiet havintglarge coloredtmajoritiet. There teast oone polling place io each county, swhich necessitated the constinuintg the election foe theee dayt. The electiott was held otn the t4th, 15th and 16th of Nocctoher, 1867, aundee the foermal suepersion of the toilitaty. The question subtmitted teas, For a Conven- tono, Against aConcention; and foe Jelagee to the ec- vnotion in cost a moajority of the voctet cast weee foe the Conttu- tiont. Ttcentyseeothosandoeehunded and sevety-two regiteedovotestweeeturnedby theeegiteiog officers, of twhomofoteenothousand fie hundred and theeeeeeeretorned at hating voted foe a Coostitotion. All the ditreictsettrned delegatet, and a foll concention, foety-six in numohee, twere elected. The follow-ing is a list of the delegates, asteetuened hy moilitary general creee No. teato Firat Disticc-Escatohia and Santa Rota Coanties-Gen. W. Walkee, Gcc. J. Aldcc, Lytoan W. Rotwley. Second Disticto-Walton, Washingtoo and Holtmes-John L. Catmphell. T//cd D/itri-Jacksan-W. J. Poetan, L. C. Arntistead, E. Foetune, H. Beyan. Fourit Disirrei-Gadten and Liherty-D. Richaeds, W. U. Sandees, Freederick Hill. CHAPTER V. Adoe lction of Delegates Otoh Costiuiional Ceoention of aS6S. Addrooa of D. Richads, i/o Firat Prosidentf The Loale League QOci/hoo'a itoe Lisac/ln Broherhood. Notae Meet- bers of t/e Coneniion. Ado Rti/tacds Constiuiion. Re-cat- tuoo of Conention. Mt/tooty of Non-resideni Deiogaes. Tho Lincolnt Broiher/tood A/end, and itoe Loyal Leaguers -Ramopan. Raifiraton of t/o Conoititt/an and Slect/on of Cc-ocnao Reed. Un/tee militaty authority the State weat dioided into nine. teen, election diteicts, which were to areanged at to haot the coanties tehere the wehite population pre/oes/nated attached to the coonties haviog large coloeed majoritiet. Theee teat hot one polling place in each county, wohich necessitated the continuing the election foe theee days. 'rhe election teat held on the i4th, 15thndt16th of Novembhe,1867,ounder theformal capesoison of the military. 'The question sahmitted was, Foe a Conven- ticn, os, Againtt a Coventicn; and foe delagetee to the con. vninica a ajority of thb evctes cat teeefor the Constitu- lion. Tteeny-seen thosandonechundredadeenty-twno registered votees tese retuened by the regittering officees,nof tehom fourteen thousacdfie hucdeed andtheeeeeetred at booing toted fcr a Constitution. All the disteictsetuened delegatet, and a fall contention, foety-six in nmberere elected. The folloteing it a list of the delegates, asetueced by mnilitary general crees No. sento -Firai Di,/i-Rscamhia and Santa Rosa Coantiet-Cen. W. Walkee, Geo. J. Aldn, Lyman W. Roteley. Second Disietc-Watn, Washington and Holmces-John L. Campbell. Ahird Disaic-Jachto-W. J. Puctman, L. C. Artmistead, R. Fortune, H. Bryan. Fiourih Dit/ie-Gaodsec and Lihety-D. Richards, W. U. Sac/tees, Frederick Hill. Fifit Diaiic-Peanklic-J. W. Ch'ilds. CHAPTER V. The -Electios of .Delegaes 00to fonaistittonal Conetion of 1ddS. Addroas of D. Rio/taoda, i/e Fis Pesideni. Tho Loyali Leagoo Oes//oota i/e Lincoln Bsritherhood. Noiale Metm- bero of i/o Convton. The Richard C~ontitutnion. Re-ceap more of Conv'enion. Minority of Non-resideit Delegaaios. [The Lincoln Botiherhood A/toad, and i/t Loyal Loaguers Ramepani. Ratiicaion of ihe Consiitton and Elecion of Govetor Rood. Uc/tee militaty authority the State teas dioided into nine- teen electi*on ditricts, wehich were to arranged as to hoot ste countit~ehceethebwite population predomoinated attached to the countes hating large colored majorities. There teat but one polling place in each county, tehich necessitated the continuing the election foe thee days. The election teat held on the e.4th, t~th and 16th of Noventber, 187 ac/tee the formal sapesoison of the mtilitary. The questinn submitted teas, For a Conven- tion, or, Againt a Concession; and foe lelagete en the con. venttontincasea mjoity of the totes cast tete foe the Constitu- tion. Tweenty-seen thousandone hundred andsenty-two registered votets were retarned by the registering officersof w~homnfourteen thousandhoie hundredtandthreeeweeetured as basing voted foe a Costitution. All the districts returned delegates, and a fuil contention, forty-six in number, tee elected. The fnllowng is a list of the delegates, asereturned by military generalordersNo. sent Fiisi Dio-i-Rscamhia and Santa Rota Counces-Ceo. W. Walker, Ccc. J. Alden, Lyman W. Rowley. Second Diti/o-Walton, Wasthington and Holmes-John L. Campbell. Ah/cd D/itet-Jachton-W. J. Poemac, L. C. Armeistead, E. Fortune, H. Bryan. Fourth Distret-Ca/tsec and Lihety-D. Richards, W. U. Sandtees, Frederick Hill. Fih Dede/ic-Ptachlic-J. W. Childs.  50 CARPETBAG RULE IN FLORIDA. Sixth Distred-Leon--T. W. Osborn,, Joseph E. Oats, C. H. Pearce, John Wyatt, Greent Davidsons, 0. B. Armtstrong. Seeth Diateit-Jefferson-Joht W. Powell, A. G. Bass, Robert Meacham, Anthony Mills. -Eighth Dittc-Madison-Roland T. Rattsaaee, Major Johnsons, Williams R. Cone. A'inllk Diatrtct-Sonannee-Thoomas Urquhart, Andrew Sholer. Tenth District-Lafayette aod Taylor-J. R. Kritoningnn. Elevent District-Alachua-HraiO Jenkins, Jr., Williatm K. Cessna, Josiah T. Walls. Ynwelfth Distrit-Colanmbia-S. B. Conosver, Abramn Erwin. Yhireest Dirteti-Clay-B. M. McRae. Foueenth Diafrtc-Duval and Nassau-L. Billingt, N. C. Dennett, Willians Bnadwnll, J. C. Gibbs. iteenth Distiic-Marion-J. H. Goss, A. Chansdler, W. Rogers, E. D. House. Sixteenth Distridt-Hernsanda-Sansoel J. Perce. Seveteenth~ District-Hillsbeogh-C. R. Mobiey. Eigheenoth Diaetrct-Monroe-Eldidge L.. Wane. Th e convention met on Motsday, Jansuary anth, 1868, C. H. Pearce, Foisted, of Tallahassee, w~as elected tensporary Presi- dent, asd H. Ford, of Baltimsoe, Md., also colored, swasnelected temporay Secretay, amid the shouts ofhundreds ofthe newrly enfrntchised freendmen, wnho declared 'sthe bottom nail on top," and 's he year of jubilee anm come." Tb ere swere but twenty sf the forty-sin delegates present. The following Committee an Peetmatnent Organization was appointed: Win. M. Saundens, of Baltimore, chaieman; Wnt. R. Cane, S. B. Conoser, Roheet Meacham and 0. B. Atrmsteoog. This committee immediatnly reported- e. Far President, D. Richards, of Steeling, Ill., returned from Gadsden County (where he bad spert hat two days of his life) and W. H. Christyaf Jachsonsville, for Secretarysnith three assistants ; a Chaplain, Sereans-at-Arms, Fotmaster, three doorheepers and one financial agent-Pool Ceippro,a stranger in the State. 50 CARPETBAG ORL IN FLORIDA. Sidt Diatrect-Leon-T. W. Oshorn, Josephs E. Gals, C. H. Pearce, John Wyatt, Green Davidson, 0. B. Armstrong. Sevenst Diafinia-Jrffnsn-John W. Powell, A. G. Bass, Rohert Meacham, Anthony Mills. Eigdad Diale'ut-Madisan-Raiand T. Ramhaaer, Major Johnsons, William R. Cone. Ninth Diatect-Suwannee-Thamas Urqubart, Andrew Skater. Tenth District- Lafayette ard TaylaC-J. R. Krimmieger. Eleventd Ditctc-Aiachua-Horatia Jenhins, Jr., W~illiam K. Cessna, Josiah T. Walls. Tece/fft Diatret-Columbia-S. B. Conoer, Abram Knwis. Thieensth Ditreac-Clay-B. M. MbcRae. Foureleth Distric-Daval asd Nassas,-L. Billings, N. C. Dennett, William Btadweil, J. C. Gibbs. t'ifteened Dio/rsct-Mariae-J. H. Goss, A. Ch~asdler, W. Rogers, E. D. Hoss. Sisteeth Ditric- Henando- Samuel J. Pearce. Seeteeth, DistIic-Hillsborogb-C. R. bMobley. .Eighteenth Diatrt-Monroe-Rldridge L. Ware. The convoentions met ont Monday, January aotb, 1868, C. H. Pearce, colored, of Tallahassee, ssas elected temporary Peesi. dens, and Hf. Pond, of Baltimore, Md., also colored, sras elected tempoary Secretay, amid teshouts of hundredsof thenewlyt enfranchised freedmen, wo declared "the bottom rail on top," and 11tbe yer of juhilee am came.' There were hot tswenty of the forty-six delegates present. The folowing Committee on Permanent Organization war appointed: Win. M. Saunders, of Baltimore, rhuirman; Wit. R. Cone, S. B. Conoser, Rohert Meacham and 0. B. Armstotng. This committee immediately repoted- s. Far President, D. Richards, of Steeling, Ill., returned from Gadsdrn County (srhre he had spent hot too days of his life) and W. H. Christyof Jachsonville, for Seretarysrwith thre assistants ; a Chaplain, Seegeant-at-Arnis, Postmnster, three doorkenpers and one financial agent-Pant Crippen, a stranger in the State. s0 CARPETBAG RULO N LD IA Sixth Distric-Leon-T. WV. Osborn, Joseph E. Oats, C. H. Pearce, John Wyatt, Green Davidson, 0. B. Armstrong. Seventh Diateict-Jefferson-John W. Powsell, A. G. Bass, Rohert Meacham, Anthony Mills. Eghth Diatrict-Madisoe-Roland T. Ramhauer, Major Johnson, William R. Cone. Nintd Distit-Suoannee-Thomas Uequhart, Andrew Shulen. enthi District- Lafayette and Taylar-J. R. KRimminger. Feo'ventd Diatect-Aluohaa-HoratiO, Jenhins, Jr., William K. Cessna, Josiah T. Walls. Twvelth District-Columhia-S. B. Contover, Abram Rroin. Thitbeth Ditrrt-Clay-B. M. btcRan. Fourteeth Diatrict-Duval and Natsao-L. Billings, N. C. Dennett, William Bradoell, J. C. Gibbs. Fifteenth Diatrct-btaniat-J. H. Goss, A. Chandler, W. Rogers, R. D. House. Sixhteth District- Hrnando-Saomuel J. Pearce. Sev'enteenth District-Hillsbonongh-C. R. Mohley. Eighteenth Dittict-Manran-Eididge L. Ware. Tbhe conventions met an Monday, January anth, s868, C. H. Pearce, colored, of Tallahassee, man elected temporary Presi- dent, and H. Fordofi Baltimore, Md., also clored, was elected temporar Secretary, amid teshotsofbhundrdsof the nely enfrancbised freedmen, woadeclared "thbttom railon top," and " tbe year af juhilee am come." Tbherr torr ht twenty of the forty-sin delegates present. The following Comtmittee an Permanent Organization was appointed: Win. M. Saanders, of Baltimore, obairman; Wo,. R. Cone, S. S. Conover, Rohert Meacham and 0. B. Armstrong. This committee immediately reported- t. For Presidnt, D. Richards, of Sterling, Ill., retained from Gadsden County (where he bad spent hat too days of his life)jand W. H. Christyof Jacksonrille, for Secretary ith tbree assistants ; a Chaplain, Sergeant-at-Arms, Postmaster, three doorkeepers and one finaneial agent-Pant Crippen, a stranger in the State.  CARPETBAG RULEe IN FL.ORIDA. 51t 2Tee committee clerks, of whom Pau ICippen was one, and Henry Ford, the Postmnaster, weas anothe. 3. Nine pages and meessengers. The fleet sectin of the repart teas adopted, but as there wssomne objection to the others the appointments snore deceived upen the President, who subseqently appeinted the list recomn- mnded by theeommtittee. The President-elect tookthe chai, and addressed the Conventioe as follows: "Pat your hindness and partiality is electing me to preside oner you deliherations, you hate toy siocere, heartfelt thanks. That the dories thoe devolved uon me may he so discharged as to satisfyyouothat t am nst entirely unwortshy of thris geneeos confidence, isowosy geatest slicitade. Feom a sense of my own weahness, t have hesitated ahaat whethee I should accept thie position of sach highe hones and teat hutrelyingon your charity, forbeaanc, andaid, I entee upon the perfoetoance of the duties with a prayer that the relatins of friendship that new hind s togeher tony cotinue tn he she tost cordial, and that our proceedings may he characterized hy that epirit of hindness and generoitytwhich the geeaseventssanding soclose aroend useshould ispire. Ours isthe opportunityand privilege of ele. casing and henefiting hounanity hy foetoing foe a whole State a fundamental law that should tend to promote patriotism, perma- nentspeaecand enduring prospeity with alt one people. The age in which we live, geneations that are so come after us, and the steen, uncompromising historian, will held as so a rigid account foe thc mane ni which we dispose of the greatetrust 'Confided to cs hy an afflicted, unofoetunate people. Peemaent voles for the guidanceof all is the developsmenteof the great resources of or State, end thateare to contcoleall the functions of gocvents, are so he estalishdhbyus, end may we heed the coice of huatonity, and may aweeciful Procidence aideus in orcoonseels and direct s ois our coclusions. With the toantle of charity we would coeeethe moral heesies, monstrous injus- tice andered-handed cruelty of the pass, and with malice toward none and charity for all, end 'firmnesin the eight as God gives its light,' let as ens ccons the majestic wosh of laying deep she foundationsof a gocrnment that shall sacredly care for and proeet the eights of all, and that shall deserve and receive the respect, love andeconfidencerof all eat citiaens. Let norscnt. lections of the hondage that wee so long the withering disgeace z. Ten committee clerks, of whom Paul Crippen war ne, and Henry Ford, the Postmaster, was another. 3. Nine pages and messengers. The first sectin of she tepees was adoptcd, huas thete was somerobjection to the ethers the appointments were devolved uon the Peesident, who suhseqently appointed the list recoin- mendedhbytheeommittee. The President-elect tooh the chair, end addressed the Convention as follows: "GENTLcEtEN OFTEnCOVENTION: "For your kindness and partiality in electing toe so preside ovr your' deliherations, yea hoe my sincere, heartfelt thanks. That the desire thee detained uon toe may he so discharged as toesatisfy yeouh thtIam not entirelyaunworthyeof this grottoes confidence, isownmy greteseslicitude. From encorse of my own weakoes,tIhae hesiaedehbotwhethrrtshould acept thiseposition of each highe honoe and trust; hutseltying onyour charity, forhbeac,eandaid,tI enter uons the performance of the dories with a prayer thee the relations of friendship that new hind or together maey continue to he the tost cordial, and that oar proceedings maey hr characterized hy that spirit of kindness and generosityswhich the greet events stending racloe aroend useshould inspire. Oues istheeopportunityand privilegeof ele- coring end henefiting hotoenity hy forming fee a whole State a fundametallawthshould tendto promoeepatrioism, perma. orest peaceandenduring prospeiy wihealleourpeople. The age in which we line, generations that ace to come after as, and the sern, uncomspromising historian, will held us to a rigid acutfoe the mannr in which we disposeeof the greatssrust confided so as hy en afflicted, unfortunate people. Permanent rules far the guidanceeof all in the develepseneof the greet res fres e frSate, andethat are to controltall the functions of government, are so he estahlishedhbyus, end toaywe heed thervoiceof humanity, and may atmerifuslProvidence aidus in our counselsand direct us iour conelusions. Withethe toentle ofecharity we wold cove he metal hseresies, monstrous injus- tie andred-handed crelty of the part, end with malice toward none and charity fee all, end 'fiemness in the eight as God gives us light,' let as enter uon the toejestic week of laying deep the foundationsofea goernenttlet shell sacredly care fee and protect the eights of all, end that shall deserve end receive the respect, love andeconfidenceof all oar citizens. Letlno recol- tensions of the hondage that was so long the withering disgrace a. Ten commit tee ncers of whom Peel Crip penners one, and Henry Ford, the Postmaster, waseaother. 3. Nine pages and messengers. The fleet section of the reportowas adoptedhbutansthere was soeob ejection to the others the appointments were devolved upon the President, who subsequently appointed the list recom- mended hy the committee. The President-elect took the chair, end addtensed the Convenlion as fellows: "GENIsLcEN OF TE CONcVETION "Pee year kindness and partiality in electing me to preeside ever yoae deliberations, yea hose toy sincere, heartfelt thanks. That the desire thee devolved upo se moay he so discharged en toesatisfy yousthat I ato or entirelyounworthyeofthis genrous confidence, isotmy gretest slicitude. Prom a sense of my own weakness, t have hesitated chest whether t should accept this positionof such highc honor and trst; butlrelyingonpyour charity, forearance, andaid,tI enter upon the performance of the dories with a prey en that the retions of frendship thee now kind as together may continue to hr the meet cordial, end that our proceedings maey he characterized by that spirit of kindness and genesesityswhich the greet events standing so close around us should inspire. Gurseisthnepprtunityeandprivilege of etc. caring and benefiting humanity by forming fee a whole Stale a fundemental law that should tend to promote patriotism, perma- nentrpeace and edring prospeity with all eonr people. The agr in which we live, generations that are to come aftr us, end the sten, auncompromising historian, will held en to a rigid acutfoe the mannerrintwhich we disposeeof the greatstruss confided so uskbyaneafflictrd, usnfortunate people. Permanent rates foe tie guidanceafe ll in the developmentof the great resources of ear Sitate, end thet are to vontroltall the functions of governent, ae so he esteblishedbyaus, end may we herd threiceof humanity, and may amerciful Proidence aidus in our counel s end direct no in our conclusions. With the toantle of cherity wewould cover the motel hseresies, monstrosinjus- tine and red-haended cruelty of the past, end with malice toward eoe end charity for all, and 'firmnesin the right as God gives s light,' let as enter apes the majestic work of laying deep the foundetions of a governtoent that shell sacredly care for end peredt the rights of all, and that shalt deserve end receive the respect, love addvcnfidencerof all ouanitiaens. Let norecl- lections of the bondage that was en long the withering disgraee  52 CARPEcTBAG RULE tNORIA of Amterican civilization he iotpressed uon the Constitution we are about to form. Let it be not tinged with the blood-stais of a wiched, rebellion aod terrible war by pretenting featttees of resentment, retaliationor eenege ; hot let it contain some cau- tious, jealous pesvisions that shalt forever- hereafter vigilantly guard, at with almao-edged sword, all approaches to the Temple of Liberty.justice andEqual Rights to all; and it willtstands a proudmonument to the wisdom of our time, aodto the tri- umphsofthe pincipletsffreedomand trth ada pogessie humanity, sver oppresson, error, superttition asd barharism. Let s inoore to all who bave not forfeited their rifhts by tteaton or rebellion a commas interest is our institutios. uot ia s ansd see goveenmenthby eeligiously securinf to them the eiglht to vots aodbe voted foe; and the consciousness that we ate each a part of the gsversment will soos indoce a feelinoffslf-etpect, manhood and pride in mintaining law and orereandgood gov- erment is society. We should proeide for a system by which alt toay obtain homes of ther own and a comfortahlecliving, and also provide for schools inwhich all may be educated free of expense ;clothe basest industry with recpectability; inaugurate a public sentiment that shall ctows the man with honoes at the benefactor of his race who mahes two blades of frass from where one grew brforr, sod prohbiit all laws that are not rqal andi just to alt within oar State. And from oat of the ashes of siscordand stife, will arise the tongs of gladness, thanhsgiving and peaise. Thro the earth witllrespood tothe gentle touch of scirntific culturr in bountiful harvrsts; the Land of Flowrrs will become she laod of patriotism, prose and plenty ; the hot wrath of wiched menwillbeeestrainrd in their amazement at thegret andwondrfl tansformation, andblr- idaswilltkeep step to the grand music of the Unionood move forward in herscareerof glory as one of the States ad God in his infinite goodneswillhbless in oar basket and ossestore." General Meadr wasenotified of the organization, and being invited to attrnd, sent the following trleram: 11 regret that nty public duties prestont mycomplping wish your inveitation to vsisttyour convention. I haveno cmui cation to make beyond calling poor atttntion to the remrks made to the Georgia Convention, and urging prompt action upon yorpart in thenimportant duty assigned to you, and the earst hope that you will cpeedily form a constitution and frame a civiltgovernment acceptsble to the people of Florida and tht Congress of the United Staten." 52 CAnETsnAGUEI FLcstORIDA. of American civilization he impressed span the Constitution we are about to form. Let it be not tinged with the blood-stains of a wiched, rebellion and terrible war by presenting featues of resentment, retaliation or revenger; bat let it contain some cau- tious, jealous provisions that thall forever hereaftr vigilantly guard, as with a two-edged award, all approaches to the Temple of Liberty, justie and Equal Righs to all; and it will stand as a proud maoment to the wisdom of oar timesn otheti- umph of the principlesuof freedom nd truth andaypogesie humanity, suer oppression, error, superstition and barbaritm. tLet as insure to all who base not forfeited their riflts by treason or rebellion a common inteest is our institutions, ous a-rs and or government by religiously securing to them the rights so votr andbesvoted for; and the consciousness that weareeach apart of thegoernment wilt sass induce a feeling oftelf-espect, manhood and pride in maintaining law and order and good gas- erment in society. We should provide for a system by which all nay obtain homes of their own sod a comfoae llising, and also provide for schools in which all may he eduated free of expense; clothe honest industry with respectability; inaugurate a public sentiment that shall crown the man with honots as the benefnctor of his east who maket two blades of gtass grow where one grew before, and prohibit all laws that are not equal and justto allwithin ourState. And from out of the ashes of discord and strife, wilt arise the songs of gladness, thanksgiving and peaise. Then the earth willerespond to the gentle touch of scientific culture in bountiful harvests; the Land of Flowers will become the land of patriotitm, peace and plety ; the hot wrath of wicked men will be restrained in their amazement at the great and wodefl tanformaio, and Flor- ida willhkeepostep to the grand music of the Union, andmv forwaed in her career of glory as one of the States, and God in his infinite goodness will bless os in one basket and oust start." General Meade was notified of the organiation, andhbeing inelted so attend, sent the following telegram: "Iregret that my public doties pes tnt mycomplying with youre invitation to vsist your convention. Ihase no commun- cntion to mahe beyond calling poor attention to the eemarks made to the Georgia Convention, and ueging prompt sction uponnyourpart inthe importantdtyassigned tosyou, and the earnest hope that yos will spetdily form a constitution and frame ascivil gnvernment acceptable to the peoplt of Flsrida and tht Cngress of the United States." of American civilization be impressed upon tht Constitution we areeabostto form. Let ithbenot tiged with thblood-tins of a wished- rebellion and terrible war by presenting features of resentment, retaliation orevcenge ; hot let it contain tome cao- tioss, jealous ptovisions that shall forever hereafter vigilantly guard, as with atwo-edged sword, all approaches to the Temple of Liberty, justice and Equal Rights to all; sod it will stand as a prodmonument to the wisdom of ouretimes, andtothe ti- umph oftherpinciples of freedom and truthband a pespeessisve humanity, aoner opprrssion, eato, superstition and barbarism. ILet us insure so all who base not forfeited theit righsts by treason or rebellion a common interest in oar institutions. ou laws and or governmenthby religiouslypuring to them the righst so sate andbrevoted foe; and the consciousnsss that we ate eash a part of the goernwent will soon induct a fteling of self-respect, manhood andpride in maintaining law and ordereandgood gov- erment in society. We should provide foe a system by which alt teay obtain homes of their ama and a comfortable lising, and also provide for schoolsin which all may be educated free of expense; clothe honest industry with tespectability; inaugurate a public sentiment that shall crown tht man with hoors as the benefactor of bin race who makes two blades of grass grow where one grew before, and prohibit all lows that are sot equal and just toall within ourtate. And ftom out of the ashes of discord and strife, wilt arise the songs of gladness, thanksgiving and praise. Then the earthwilrespond to the gentle touch of scientific culture in bountiful hansests; the L~and of Flowers will become the land of patriotism, peace and plenty; the hot wrath of wished men will be restrained in their amazement atthe great and wonderfl transformaio, and Floe- ida willhkeep step to the grand music of the Union, and moor forward inohrcateer of glory as one of the Stases, and God in his infinite goodness will bleussusminoan basket and ourstore." Genral Meade was notified of the organiation, and being invited to attend, tent the following teleram: " I regret that my public duties preent mycomplying with yotur incitation to visit yooreconention. I base so commons- catton to mobs beyond calling your attention to the remaeks made to the Georgia Convention, and ueging prompt action upon yourepart in the important duty assigned to youand the earnest hope that you wilt tpeedily form a constitutin and frame a civil goernmwent acceptable to the people of Florida and the Cngress of the United States."  CARPETBAG RULE IN FLORIDA. 53 The Loyal League, headed by Richards, Billings and Saun- dern, all non-renidents, had so far supplanted the Lincoln Broth- erhood wehich Oshorn had instituted, that it nas only though the peermission and courtesy of Elder C. H. Pearce, weho held the colored voteofLonounty underecontrol, that he was elected to tht convention; and he oat so tredy and cotwardlyin his movnements that he had alloweod the opposition to seion the or- ganiation of the concession before he could gather in hit ad- herents, Richards wsthrhefoe msaster of the situation before Oshnorn had awaked to tho fact thot ho ws no longer dictator to tho freedmnte. But the representative front Illinois wan not equal to the tush ho had assoumedand tho insano greed for spoilt soon lost hint and hit associatos thoio hold. Billings and Saunders had the Loyal Leaguers, and Williant J. Pueman seas the accepted chamepion of the Lincoln Brotherhood. The firsteffotof PesidetRichards was to getscontrol of the smail sunt in the StateTrnasury, foe shich purpose he gave an order upon thehSate Teasurer to payncver to Paul Crippen all money in his hansad helonging so the Statc. The Treasuee, he- foee responding so the odre legraphed General Meade, woho intntdiately forhade any payntent upon the requisition of the President of the convontion wnithout hit special approval of each requisition. Tho ine hondred dollaes then in the Treasuey woas thus tuned to mseet the salaries of the exitting State officers. Thrsernon-esident plunderers thin drterdtinrd to go dirrectly to the peopertyuownes forthir plunde, andhby rsoution of the convntison Prrsident Richards and financial agentsCrippen were authoeized to iser script to she antount of fifty thousand dollars. Fifteen thousand wassintnediately issued on account of printing alone, andCol. W. M.Saunders retained ten thusnd of the ameount. The pay of pages and messengers wsca fiord atnten dollaes yee day, and that of clerhs and other officers front fifteen to swnoty dollars pee day. As anothec illustoation of the reck- lest diseegard of interests of the State, J. T. Walls, delegate front Alachua County, ahout thtee hundredntilesndistant,seas allowted $69o; 0. B. Armntong, wchoce hone ws at the capi- tat, $fi30; Wnt. M5. Saunders, delegate front Gadsden County, tseenty mites distant, $649n ; F. Hill front the sante ditrict, weith the santo distance, $451; John Wyatt, fron tshe sante district as CARPTBA RUL INFLORDA. 53 The Loyal Leagur, headed hy Richards, Billings and Saun- deers, all non-residents, hadnsofar supplanted the Lincoln Bruth- eohood sehich Oshorn had instituted, that it seas only through the perntission and courtesy of Elder C. H. Pearce, weho held the colored vnteof Leon County under control, tatheeas eleced to the convention; and he wsca so tardy and cowcardly in his ovenents that he had allosced the opposition so seize the or- ganization of the conenioin hefore hr could gather in his ad. herents, Richards ws therefore mcaser of the situation hefore Oshorn had awahed to the fact that hr wsca no lunger dictator to the freednten. But the repeetative front Illinois wsca not equal so the tash he had assonted, and the insane greed for spoilt toon lust hint and his associates their hold. Billings and Saunders had the Loyal Leaguers, and Williant J. Paeman wsea the accepted chamspion of the Lincoln Brutherhood. The first effurtoflreident Richards as togetconrol of the small sum in the StateTreasury, fotohich purpose hog one an order upon the State Teasueetu pay over so Paul Crippro all oney in hit hands helonging to the State. The Treasurer, he- fore responding tu the order telegraphed General Mteade, weho intnediately fohbade any paymcnt upon the requisition of the President of the convention without hisospecialtappeoval of each requisition. The fine hundred dollaos then in the Treasury was thus tuned to meret the salaries of the existing State officers. These non-esident plundrerts then deteetisined tn go directly so thepeproery ownees for their plundr,andhbyresolutinof the convention President Richaeds and financial agent Crippen wero authorized tu issue sceipt to the amunt of fifty thousand dollars. Fifteen thousand ws intmediately issued on account of printing alone, and Col. W. M.Saunders retained ten thousand of the amsount. The pay of pages and mcessengers ws fiord aten dollars per day, and that uf clerks and other officers front fifteen to swnty dollars per day. As another illuttion of the reck- less disregard of inserests of the State, J. T. Wallt, delegate front Alachua Cunty, ahout three hundred mciles distant, cat allowed $690; 0. B. Armntrong, sehone honte wsca at the capi- tat, $630; Wnt. M. Saundert, delegate front Gadsden County, twnty mites distant, $649 ; S. Hill fron the sante ditrict, wtoih the sante distance, $457; John Wyatt, froms the sante district as CARPETBAG RULE IN FLORIDA. 53 The Loyal League, headed by Richards, Billings and Saun- ders, allonon-residents, had sofarnsupplanted the Lincoln Brush- erhood whbich Osborn had instituted, that it wsca only through the perntistion and curtesy of Eldee C. H. Pearce, weho held the natured voteuof Leon Countsyunder cntrnl, that hescas elected to the concession; and he wsca so tardy and cowredly in his muomntots that he had allosced the oppuosiin to seize the or- ganization of the conention hefore he could gather in his ad- herents, Richardt wsca therefoce ntaser of the sistuation before Oshorn had awcahed to the fact that he wsea no longer dictator to the freednten. Baut the representative frunt Illinois seas not equal to the tash he had assumsedand the insanegeed for spoils soon lost hint and his associatet their hold. Billings and Saundeet had the Loyal Leaguers, and Williant J. Prmnta seas the accepted chamspion of the Lincoln Beotherhood. The fiestseffotof Presidcnt Richardtswas tougetcontrol of the sntall tuntin the StateTeassen, for wohich purpose hegave an order upon the State Teeasurer to pay oee to Paul Crippen all monney in his handthbelonging to the State. The Treasurr, be- fore responding so the order telegraphed Geneeal Meade, weho immnediasty furhade any paymnt uon the requisitin of the President of the conventiun wcithut bin special approval of each requistion. The fine hundoed dollaott then in the Treasury seas thus tuned so mceet the salaries of tht existing State officers. Tbhete nun -resident plundererstnsdetettisined to go directlysto the propeetyuowners foetheir plunder, andbyoesolution of the onvnention Pesident Richards and financial agent Ceip pen wero authorized tu issue script so the antount of fifty thousand dollars. Fifteen thousand wsca intmediately issued on acount of pointing alone, and Col. W. M. Saunders retained ten thousand of the amosunt. The payof pages and msstengers wsca flood at ten dollars per day, and that of cleoks and other officers front fifteen to tseenty dollars pee day. As another illustration of the reck- less disregard of interests of the State, J. T. Walls, delegate front Alachua County, about three hundredntiles distant,swas alloweod $69o; 0. B. Arstroeng, sehose honte wsca at the capi- tal, $630; Wnt. M5. Saundrst, delegate front Gadsden County, twenty ntiles distant, $649; P. Hill fron the santo district, seith the sante distance, $451; John Wyatt, front the same district as  54 CAPTA RULE IN FOIA Armstronsg, wnith thirty-floe miles to travel, $467. There were large amounts of script accredited tonmembrs and attaches of the conveention who never saw a dollar of its; butthhrcriptswas issued and retainsed by Paul Crippen and his co-conspirators. At the time thit tcript wat ittued the cosnentioo was sitting with a baee majority of the delegates eetornted at elected in atten- dance. As theconvetion filled up the struoggle for topeemacy mooed hot betoeen the costeodiog parties, aod two meeks mere mwsed in the contest. Crowds offreedmenofrom the coustry mould daily assemble around tbe capitol, and whbeneorr Saunders and Billings snere tired of scalping Poutman and Others is the contention, they mould address the freedmen is mass meting in front of the capitol, relatiog to them thut Putmant, Others and their follomers hod gone oves to the red-handed rebels, charac- seemzing them as Lucifer and his rebellious angels diturbing and making mar in Heaveo, mhile the speakers described themselces as leading the Hravenly hosts and fighting to heel the rebcllious angels from the temple. The massrs mere thos kept excited in order to secure on influrec ocer the colored delegates, who were qoarterdamongsthe blacks, nine-eths of whom adherrd to the Billings faction. Itswould nothacehbeen safe foranyeof the delegates to bace gone avr to Putmao. Manyof thr Dem- ocrats had heon onclined so facet the Richards-Billings faction rusher than that of Osborn, until the system of plandr was deceloped, mhen they became alarmed aed face their itiflaence, withsthetmilitary authorities, to prercenttheirtauccess. The Billings-Saunders delegates mere quartered in a house usnder their control, which mat characteried by Patin in dehate as the Ball Pee, Saunders, in retort fee thee etigmatizing his residence, would seize adchoir to huel at his head and this mould requireethe interfeensceofthe egeant-at-Arm. Saundersnwas an eloquent and pomerful speaket, good at repartce, anrexcellent paliamentianand oeothrsheewdestand most on- scrupuloot members of teonsventions. Richards was a less impassiosed and more moild spcahet-a sort of Ueiah Heep speimen of the Northern carprt-baggee, of moderate ability and elastieeconsciencr. Jesse H. Goes, of Marion Conty, a Soutth- erner by birth, mat identified with the Billings faction, has hon- et, uprigt and coscientious in seekingto protect the interests 54 CARPETBAG RULE INFLRIA Armstrong, mith thirty-fine miles so teasel, $467. There mere large amounts of script accredited to members and attaches of the convention mho never taw a dollar of it ; but thescriptsmas issued and retained by Paul Ceippen and hit co-conspirators. At the time this seript mat issued the eonvention man sitting mith a bare majority of the delegates returned as elected in atten- dance. As the eoneention filled up the struggle for supremacy mated hat between the contending parties, and sine meeks more masted in the contest. Crods offreedmen fromthrecoutry mould daily assemble around she eapitol, and whenecer Sasuders and Billingis mere tired of scalping Poetman and Osborn in the cuserstion, they mould address the freedmen in moss meeting in front of the eapitol, relating to them that Penman, Oshorn and their fellowers bad gone oer to the red-banded rebels, charac- terizing them as Lucifer and his rebellious angels distusrbing and making mar in Heaven, mhile the speakers desetibed themselves as leading the Heavenly hosts and fighting so heel the rebellious angels from the temple. The masses mere shot kept rexcited in order to secure an influence sver the colored delegates, who mererquartered amongsthehlacks, nine-enssofwhom adhered so the Billings faction. It mould not hone been safe for any of the delegates to hoe gone over to Poemac. Manyof the Dem- ocrats had been inclined to favor she Richards-Billings faction rath en than that of Osborn, until the system of plonder wat deceloped,mwhentheypbecame alared and gace teiriflenee, w'ithbthcrmilitary authorities, topreettheirsucces. The Billings-Saunders delegates mere quartered in a house andr thercontrol, which mat characterized by yarman in debate as the Ball yes. Saundrs, in retort fee that stifmatieing his residence, wousld seize a chair to hurel at his bead and this wcould requite the interference of tbhe ergeant-at-Atms. Saunders was an eloquent and poefl speake, good atepatee, anexellent parliamentarian and use of the shrewdest and most un- scrupulous members of the conention. Richards mae a less impassioned and mere tmild speakee-e sort of lUeiabHeep specimen of the Northern carpet-bagger, of msoderate ability and elastic conscience. Jesse H. Guts, of Marion Conty, a South- erner by birth, man identified with the Billings faction, bat hon- est, uptight and conscientious in seeking to protect the interests Armstrong, with thirty-fine miles to teasel, $467. There mere large amounts of script accredited to members and attaches of the convession who never sum a dollar of its; but the script mas issued and retainedhby Paul Crippen and hit co-conspiroters. At the time thin script mat issued the convention mat sitting with a bare majority of the delegates returned as elected din atten- dance As the concestion filled op the struggle foe supremacy mated hat betmeen the contending parties, and tine meeks mere massed in the contest Crowds of freedmen from the country mould daily assemble around the capitol, and ohenenr Saunoders and Billinga mere tired of tcalping Puntsan astd Osborn in the concession, they mould addresstshe freedmen in mass meeting in front of the eapitol, relating to them that Putmans, Osborn and their followers had gone oer so the red-handed rebels, charac- terizing them as Luecifer and his rebellious angels distusrbing and making mar in Heaven, while the speakers deseribed themselves as leading the Heavenly busts and fighting to heel the rehellioas angels from the temple. The masses mere that hept rexcited is order so seeuse an influence over the colored delegates, who merequarteresdamong theblacks, nine-tenthseof whom adheed to the Billings faction. It would not have breen safe foe any of the delegates so hace gene scer so Putman. Manyof the Dem- ocrats bad been inclined so favor the Richaeds-Billings faction rather than that of Others, entil the system of plunder mat developed, mhen they became alarmed end gace their itnfluence, withsthcnmilitary authorities,sto preventthciresuccets. The Blillings-Saunders delegates mere quartered in a house andr their control, mhich mat characterized by Purmae in debate as the Butll Pen. Saundert, in restsr foe that stifmatizing his residence, woutld seize a chair to hutrl ethis bead and this would requirethe interference of the Sesgeant-at-Arm. Saunderso-as anueloquentsand powerful speaker, good at reparte, an excellent parliamenaianad onteof the shrewdest and most un- scrupuloot membees of the conventioo. Richaeds mat a less impassioned and more tmild spebker-a sort of UcialsHeep specimen of the Noethern carpet-bagger, of moedeeate abilispand elastic conscience. Jesse H, Gets, of Msarion County, a Sooth- erner by birth, mat identified with the Billings faction, bet hon- est, upright and cnsienious in seeking to prtect the inseets-  222 2~2-2~2~2~2 ~ g -g 22 2~ t.2-,2&-~ 2,22-722- a 22 2- a 222 --'a, ~ ,,-~ 22 2.'>~~ 2~22.. 2~ -*z - 2a2.722;<222-oc - 22,5~22 22 2~' 0212 22-2.2 - 2 -- -22 22 -- 2~ 2 2- 22-22 22 222- 2 2222~ 2~2~2. 2222~2 ~222 a a  ~aa aapsra aaa~~-aaa a - a 5 a a a-s a aaa5sa aO a-- aa~Za a a a a at aaaa~a~ a a a a E5W~aa a aaaa 55 ~aaa~ a ~ a a~t a a. a a a ~a5aa a3, ,a,,5. .a.~a.5. 5aa a 2 at a5  CARPETBAG RULE IN FLORIDA. 57 CARPETBAG RULE IN FLORIDA. 57 CARPETBAG RULE IN FLORIDA. 57 the convention. Most of the pages of the conention could read and wreite. If the consention, as then contituted, had been held in any of the NeR England States and had hoen guilty of the sante oonduct, nothing hot a steong militaey guaed could hose secured their prsons froms siolence. Theseeridisolous seenooninued foretteU weeks and mote, when aoportion of thenmeobers seceded, leaving the convention without a qorum. The sestiont were continued, however, and io a fete dayt adopted a costitution, whichwastsaid to havehbeeneprepared in Chicago andhbrought hee by Richaeds to be foeced upon the people of the State. (See Appeodix A.) Goss, the delegate feom Marsion County, tens despatchsed with a copy of this cottution to Atlanta to peocuee the appeovol of she commooding General. Tbhe convention took aneecess Fehroaey 8tht, to wait the retuen of its messenger. During this time, Sandees and Sit. liogs, elated andtmoeesultantoere theie supposedcictoeynover Putman, Othornand Company, calteda mats meeting to assenm- ble in the capitol sqoare aod addeessed the feeedmens, telling them that they had hoeled the rehellious angelt from the geeat Repuhlicn temple. Aftee the speahing teat over Saunders resolved the nteeting into a Dominating conventin foe the pat. pose ofnooinatiog State officerstand alto foe metnhees of the Legislatore foe Leoo County. Liheety Billings tens oominated foe Goveenor, W. M. Sandees foe Lieoteoant-Goveenor, and Samoel Wolkee, foe Congeess. Leon Countyswas olloswed in this deal ten Repeesentatives and one Senotoe. This appoe- tinment does not appeae is the Billings-Sandees constitution. Io faot, all the officers of State owee noinated hy the manss meetingomposed entirelyof the Feedmenof LeonCny. St loohed as though thseee was office foe all. On Monday, Feheoaey itll, betweeo twelse and one o'cloch at night, the seceding delegates, ore ebhellioos angels," returned so Tallahassee in a hody, beoke into the capitol, recap- tueed the"oelestial palace," and peoceeded to reorgnize the convention. Theotost amusing iocidentoftheecapsureeofthe convenlion wat, that Saundeet, although nominated foe Lienten- the sonsetttioo. Most of the pages of the Ronvenlion nould ead and weite. If the convention, an then constituted, had heen held in any of the New England States nd had heen guilty of the same condoct, Rothing hot a steong militaey guaed could haetseued their ersotns from sioleoce. These ridiculsus tssces continned foetteo weeks and mone, wheo a poetion of the memher otseded, leaoing the convention withoutnaqoreut. Tbhe tessinstee continoed, however, asd its a fete dnys adopted a conttitution, which was said to haneeheenopepaeed is Chicagoandherooght hete hy Richards to he foeoed upon the people of the State. (See Appendis A.) Goes, the delegate feom arion Conty, was despatchsed with n copy of this constitutiots to Atlnta to peocure the approsal of the commanding Getneenl. Tbesonoention tooh aneecess Februaryf8th, to wait the eetuen of its messenfee. Dueing this time, Sanodees and Bil- lings, elatedaodmoe estant oser theiresupposedsictory over Putnan, Oshoes and Compaoy, called a mass meeting to assem- ble in the capitol sqoaee and oddetsed the freedmen, telling them that they had hoeled the rehelliout angels from the great Repuhblican temple. Aftee the speaking was ovee Sanodees resolsed the meeting into a nominting conveention foe the poe. pose ofotinating State officeesnd alto foe memers of the Legislatoee foe Leon County. Liberty Billings tens tnomioated foe Gooeenoe, W. M. Sandees for Lieutenant-Gseeoe, nd Samoel Walhee, foe Congress. Leon Countyteas allowed ins this deal ten Repeesentatives and one Sesatoe. This appoe- tinment doet sot appeae in the Billings-Saondeesocoostittion. In foot, all the officees of State weee notnated by the mass meetiog composed entirely of the Freedmenof LeonoCounty. It looked as thoogh theee tens office foe all. On Monday, Febeuaey toth, between twelve and one o'cloch at night, the seceding delegates, or "trehellious angels, " returoed to Tallahassee is a body, heohe into the capital, recap- toned she " celestial palace," and peoceeded to reoeganize the convention. Thesmost amosing incident of tbe ecaptue ofthe convention ws, that Sanders, although nominated for Litoten- the onvcention. Most of the pages of the cnvention could tend and terite. If the conseotion, as thb co onstituted, had been held in any of the New England Slates and had heen guilty of the same conduct, othing haloa sttong military guard oold hase seoured their persons frow violeno. These ridicouns scrortccontinued foe two weeks and more, wheo a portion of the memb ers seoeded, leaviog theconcetinwithot a qoruom. Tbesetsinstee continoed, howecer, and in a fete days adopted a constitutin, whichowas sid tohaoehbeeo prepaed iChiagooandhrought hee hy Richards to be foeced upoo the people of the State. (See Appendix A.) Gost, the delegate feom Msaein County, teas despatoched with a coyy of this constituion to Atlasta to peocure the approval of the cotmmnding General. 'The conventioo took a recess Febroary 8th, to wait the eeturn of its messeogee. During this time, Sanoders nd Sit- lings, elated and mote exultant User their supposed victory Deer Putman, Oshoro and Company, oalled a moss meeting to assent- hlt in the capitol squaee and addressed the freedmen, telling them that they hod hurled the rebellions angels from the great Repuhlioan temple. Aftee the speaking teat Deer Sanders resolved the meeting intoa nominating cnventionnfortherpur- post of Dominating Stole officers and also foe metohers of the Legisltue foe Leon County. Liherty Billings teas omioated foe Goverore, W. MI. Sanodets foe LietenaRL-Governo, and Samuel Walkee, fot Congress. Leon Countymwas allowed in this dent teD Repeesentatises and one Settator. This appor- tionment dnes not appear in the Billings-Saundees cositutin. In fact, alt the officees of State wee notionated by the mass meeting composed entirely of the FreedmenofLeon County. It looked as though these teas office foe all. On Monday, Fehroary toth, between twelve and one o'clock at night, the seceding delegates, or "erebellious angels," erned to Tallahassee in a body, btoke onto the capitol, recap tueed the " celestial palace," and proceeded to treorgnize the convestioo. Tlheosost amusing incidentlof therecaptureof the cne tion s, that Saundert, although nominated foe Lirutto-  58 CARPETBAGC RULE IN5 FLORIDA. anot-Goveenor, man not satisfied to be on the tail of the ticket. Billings tnott conme don'n feomn the head of the tichet and gite place en Sandees. Hoe' to oteer cears of the Billings breahers wsaprobletm which qoite ponzled his bean-bat nomething muontbe done. Astwhite and hlach masons did net affiliate at that titan in the Sooth, Sandees cooc eiced the idea of organiz- ing a colored lodge, and getting all the promainent colored smen into it and then fledge theta to demand the n'ithdern'al of Billings at a candidate foe Goveenor, while Saunders twould pledge him hit suppoet foe United Staten Senatoe. This was commenced on Mfonday night, Februarytioth. Seveeal mem.- bees hadhbeen initiated that night. Billings, itled cith anxiety to knw chat was going on in the blach camp, applied foread- mission and man refosed. A diseuption in the Billings-Sandens faction mat now imminent. The lodge odjouned ahoot taidnight to meet the following night to complete its coek. As tsmea- hees ented the street they saw the capitol lighted op, heard the sound of voicet, the earnest stampineg of feet and clnppingnof hands. They mere awe-stricken, and conceyed the intelligence to Sanders,mwho, startled at the scene,boke otmwithbanoath that " Billings, the d-d traitoe, has oeganited a canvnntion against me and my friends." Sauondees immtediately sent mes- sengees to she capital so tee chat this steange thing reeolly meant. When the messentgeeseretoenedand informed him what had tahen plane, be said that hisold familiae enemies mere only holding a secretscaucut. Bat " 'the end mat not yet. " The eighteen del- egates who withdew had nom enlisted founew r ecruits tothi standard,mwhich smelled theit nomhee to tmenty-tmo. They man- aged by some meats to captuee two of the coloeed delegates from the Billings-Sanondees faction, which gone them a majority of twoof all the delegates returned ondee general oeder No. I t . The freedmen undertooh to moh these tan delegates in the streets the neat day, mhich eesulted in one of the delegates named fibalee shooting one of she freedmen, bat not fatally. This convention nw peoceeded so vcaale the teats of the no-resident delegates -Roberts, Saundees and Billings-elected Horatio Jenhins, Jo., President, Siheeman Coann, Seceetaey, and other necessary nfficers, and immediately set toamork to foem the conastitution which mat finally adopted and became the 58 CARETBAG notEINFODA ant-Governoe, mat not satisfied to be on the tail nf the ticket, Billings most come damn from the bead of the tichet and give place to Saundees. Ham tn steer cloe of she Billings beeres cas a peoblem which qoite paneled his brain-but something mustbe done. Asawhite and black masons did net affiliate at that time in the Sooth, Saunders conceited the idea of neganin- ing ancolnted lodge, and getting all the prominent notated men into it and then pledge them tn demand the mithdeawal nf Billings as a candidate foe Goveenoe, mhile Sandees would pledge him his support foe United Statet Senator. This weas commenced an Monday night, Foerarytioth. Sieteeal mem- bees had bees initiated that night. Billings, filled with anxiety to nowwhatmwas going on in the blach camp, applied foread- mission and man refused. A diseupsion in the Billings-Saundees faction man non immsinent. The lodge adjourned aout midnight to meet the folloming night to complete its mork. As its mom- bees entered the street they saw the capitol lighted np, hoed the snand nf namces, the tannest statapifgaof feet and clapping of hands. They wote ome-strichen, and coseyed the intelligence tofSaunders, info, starteddat theescenebohe outmwithoannath that " Billings, the d-d traitoe, bns oeganized a connendion against meoand my friends." Saunders immtediotely sent mes- sengees to the capitol to see what thit strange thing eeally meant. When she messettgerseretoened'and infoemed him what had taken place, he said that hisaold familiar enemies wee only holding a secretencacu. Bat ''the esd mat sot yet." The eighteen del- egates who withdea bad now enlisted fourncew recruits to their stoandahich smelled theie nnmber to twenty-tmo. They man- aged by some means to capture two of the colored delegatet from the Billings-Sandees faction, ahich gace theta a majority of twoof all the dole games retnted onder general orderoN. snI . The freedmen undeetook to mob thete two delegates in the streets the nest day, mhich resulted in cane at tho delegates named Shaler nhooting one of the freedmen, bat not fatally. This convention now peoceeded to vacate the seats of the non-tesident delegates -Robeets, Sandees and- Billings-elected Horto Jenhins, Jr., Presidnt, Sheeman Conant, Siecretary, and other necessary officees, and immediately ses to math to foem the constitation ahich man finally adopted and became the 58 CARETBAG notE tN FLORtDA. ant-Goneenoe, awas not satisfied to beaon the tail of the ticket. Billings most come docn from she bead of the sichet and give place to Saunders. Hoc to steer cloe of the Billings breahers was a problem which quite puzeled bit heals-bat something mustbe done. Asawhite and blackbmasons didenot affiliate at that time in the South, Staundeors canecited the idea of organia- ing ancolnted lodge, and getting aSl the peominenteclored men into it and then pledge them to demand the withdrawal of Billings as acandidte foe Goveenoe, chile Siandees could pledge him his suppoet foe United States Sienatoe. This weas commenced as Monday night, Febetaty soth. Set-eral mom- bees bodhbeen initiated that night. Billings, filledcwith anxiety toaknocahatmwas going on in the blach camp, applied forad- mtsstnn and mat refuted. A disraption in she Billings-Saonders faction mat nom imminent. The lodge adjootned aboat midnight to meet the following night to complete its math. At its tatt- bees enteed the street they sam the capitol lighted op, boed the soand of voices, she eatnest stampiegaof toot and clappingaof hands. They mete awe-stricken, and convoyed the intelligence toSaandees, who, starteddat thenscene,hbroke out nubh an oath that " Billings, the d-d traitor, has oeganied a conventin against me and my friendt." Siaonders immnediately sent men- sengees o the capitol to see what thit strange thing really meant. When the messengeestretotaedond informed him wat hod tahen place, ho said that his-old familiar enemies were only holding a seceetecaucas. Bat " the end mat not yet." The eighteen del- egates who withdewa hod sea enlisted foot tea recruits to skeir standard,awhich smelled theit numbertontwenty-tw. They man- aged by tome means to capture tan of she coloted delegates from the Billings-Saunders faction, which gace them a majority of twoof all the delegates retuaned ndee general orde o. s Io. The freedmen undeetook to mob thete tan delegatet in the streets the nest day, which resolted in ate of the delegates named Shalee shooting one of the freedmen, bat not fatally. This concession non proceeded to vacate the seats of she non-resident delegates -Robeets, Sanders and Billings-elected Hotatio Jenkins, Jt., Presiden, Sherman Connt, Seceetaty, and othee necessary officers, and immediately set taoe ot form the constitotion which moo finally adapted and became the  CARPETBAG RULE IN FLORIDSA. 59 organic law of the State. A squad of the Federal mtilitary, undee direotion of Goveernoe Walker, wat directed to guaed the convention chmb.. against athreatened attempt of the osted membes totakeoiolent posession. The feeedtoentseeittgtheie supposed Lord asnd Saviour that oat froms the capitol wee excited to fevee heat. The newt went lihe wildfire theough the adjonintg Rounties. Large numobees of them assembled is Tal- lahassee, ready, as they thought, foe battle. Each one had his lbhahout twonfeet long withateing through the esdof is, so astohbefasteoed to hit wrist. Their cty was that they wanted sothing hot the hlood of Oshoen asd Patmao aod their fellows. Nothing hot the presence of the military preevented hlodshed. Some of the mote ignoeant of the freedmen mete so Rattled away with Billins and Saunders that they macted to attack the militaey guard at the door of the contoentiona and attempt so deioe them away aod give Saunders asd Billings possession of the hall. When it was defioitely asoertainsed that Billings and Saundersncouldonot get possession of the hull, tome of the freed- men, who had said when the convention was fiestoeganized, " that the hottom rail seas on sop," began to mallet and tn say that "the tail had again fallen to the bottom." General Mend, who had bees appealed to by the minorty faction, arrived is Tallahasset on the 17th day of February. Committees frnm each faction waited on him to lten his views on the situation. He finally ordered that all the delegates returned under the ordereof General Popecshould go into thetconvetlion ; the two contending Presidentsto hantdin theireresignationstto the See- lary, Sherman Conant, aod the convention then reorganizede seston ith the commanding General of the DivisionGeneral Sprague, presiding. This propositioc was readily accepted by jenkins~lhat Richards hesitated, an he case in this action his polit- ical death staringhimain the face. He finally consntedounder proes, and with palsied hand hewrote hiseignatio. On Tuesday, February s~th, at 3 o'clock, e. m., the convention met with all the delegates of both factions present., The Secre- tary, Coant, intoduced to the convention Cal. John T. Sprague, in fulluniform,as ts temporary chairman. A motin cas then made that Horatio Jenkins, Jr., he elected President of lbhe convention, which was carried by a tote of thirty-two to CARPETBAG RULE IN FLORIDA. 59 CARPETBAG RULE IN FLORIDA. 59 nrganic law nf the Slate. A squad of the Federal military, under direction of Gocernor Walker, was directed so guard the coneention chnmbr against a threatened attempt of the ousted members tn lube violent possession. The freedmen seeing their supposed Lord and Saviour shot oat from the capitol were eacited to feee heal. The news went like wildfire through the adjnining coanties. Large numbers osf them assembled in Tal- lahasset, ready, as they thoaght, for battle. Each one had bis club, about two feet lung with a string through the end of it, so as tohbefastentd tohis wist. Their cry was that they wanted nothing has the blood of Osborc and Putman and their fellows. Nothing but the pnesence of the military prevented bloodshed. Some of the mote ignorantaof the freedmeonmete sn carried away with Billings and Saunders that they wanted so attach the military guard at the door of the concession and attempt to drive them away and givt Saunders and Billings possession of the ball. When is was definitely ascertained that Billings and Sauntders could not get yassession of the ball, some of the freed- men, who had said when the concention was firstnrganized, Ithat the bnttom tail was on sop," began so matter and In say that I"s he tail had again fallen to the bottom." General Mead, who hadhbeen appealed to by the minority faction, arrived in Tallahassee on the t7th day of February. Committees from each faction waited on him to learn his views an lbhe situation. He foually ordered that all the delegates returned under the order of General Poye should go into the conention ; thelmao contending Presidents to band in their resignationslto the Secre- tary, Sherman Conant, and the concention then rrorganie, dt nato, with the commanding General of the Division, General Sprague, presiding. This proposition was readily accepted by Jenbins,Lbal Richards hesitated, an hr saw in this action his polit- ical deathstaring him in the fane. Herfinally consented under protest, and with palsied hand hewrote hiresgatio. On Tuesday, February sith, at 3 o'clock, P. ms., lbhe convention met with all the delegates of both factions present, The Secre- tary, Coanot, introduced so lbhe convention Col. John T. Sprague, in fall uniform, as its temporary chirmnan. A motion weas then made that Horatio Jenkins, Jr., be elected President of tbhe convntion, which mac carried by a sole of thirty-two to organic law nf she Stale. A squad of the Frderal military, sander direction of Governor Walker, was directed to guard the convention chambr against a threatened attempt of the ousted memberslto tae iolent posessio. The freedmen seeingltheir supposed Lorduand Saviour shut out from the capitol mere encited to fever heat. The news went like wildfire through the adjnining counties. Lange numbers of them assembled ic Tat- lahassee, truady, as they thought, for battle. Each use had his club, about two feet long with a string thrnugh the end of it, so asntobe fastentd tohis weist. Their cry was that they wanted nothing hot the blood of Osborn and Patin and their fellows. Nothing but the presence of the military prevented bloodshed. Some of the mote ignorantsofthe freedmen were no carrird away with Billings sod Saunders that they wanted so attach the military guard as the dune of the coneention and attempt so drive them away and give Saunders and Billings possession of the ball. When it was definitely ascertained that Billings and Saunders could not get possession of the ball, some nf 1hr freed- men, who had said when the conentinwas first organized, " that the bottom rail was on top," brgan Ia matter and so say that "sthe tail had again fallen so the bottom." General Mend, who hadhbeen appealed tohby the minority faction,narived in Tallahassee on the t7th day of February. Committees from each faction waited on him so learn his views an the situation. He finally ordered that all the delegates returned andr thr ordertof General Popeashould go into threconvenlion; thelmao contending Presidentsto handinteir rsignaionstolhe Secre- tary, Sherman Coant, and the convention then reioganiae, die cu,, with the commanding General of the Division, General Spragu, presiding. Thin proposition was readily accepted by Jenhins,Lbat Richards hesitated, as he saw in this action his polit- ical drathstaring him in the face. He finally consented under protst, and with palsied hand he wrote his resignation. On Tuesday, February 18th, at 3 o'clock, P. m., the convenlion met with all thn delegates of both factions presetos, The Secre- tary, Conant, introduced to the convention Cal. John T. Sprague, in fullnuniform, us itsctemporary chirman. A motion was then made that Horatio Jenkins, Jr., be elected President of therconv-ention, which was carried by a vole of thirty-two to  6on CARPETBAG RULE IN FLOsRIDA. thirteen. Colonel Sprague then eetired. The nextnstep seas a resolutiondeclaringatllthe offices of the firstrconv'ention vacant, but Shermnan Conant was retained asthe Secretary of this con- vention. This convention eas not so libeeal as the first in moak- ing otfices for its followeers. Its offices consisted of one tecre- tary and an asistanttecretary, one sergeant-at-artot, one door- keeper, one chaptain, a printer and a financial agent. There weas a mtarked difference in the last canvention as so decorum. Osborn and "therBrathrhood" hainggovercome the lead- ers of the Loyal League by rerrapturing the convention, wr deterasined to pursur three to their death far fatuare contingen- cies. To expel them from the ronvention woauld have the rffert of hilling their influenre weith thr freedern, and it w-as willed that they should go. Putman man appointed rhairman of the Committee on Eligibility, and the day after the lastrconv'entin n-as organiard, made a report whirh was genrally helieved he had carried in his pocket from the tinme hr entered thtraoncer tin until he reported it, which weas as folloss "to the case of W. M. Saunders, returned an a delegate so this concestion from the Fourth Election District, conclusive evidence is adduced that hemi not aregisteredcvoter in nor an inhabitant of the district he claints to represent; that he is no citisen of Florida under the reconstructiontlaws. "ton the cane of Liberty Billings, returned front the Four- teenth Election District, evidence in produced under the seat of the United States Court, that he, on the sash day of August, 1867~, in this State made oath that hr is a citizen of the State of New Hamnpshire, and the official certificate of the Board of Registration is in proof that he is not a registered cater in the district he claims to represent. "SI n the cane of C. H. Pearce, retarned from the Sinth Election District, the official certificate of the Board of Regis- tration is in evidence that he is not a registered cuter in the dis- trict that he claims toerepresent, that heswas forsmerly aresident of Canada; that he sore sn-ore sre faith and allegiance so the govrnmentsof Great Britain. " IYour committee, in conclusion, beg leave so recommend the following resolution as the result and conviction of their unbiased investigation,tuninfluencd byany sentiment orprju- dice, eithereofa poitical orperonalharace. Reoled, That W. M. Saunders, Liberty Billings and C. H. Pearce, retnrned at delegates so this contention from the Fourth, 6ou CARnEnBAG RULE IN FLORIDA. thirteen. Colonel Sprague then retired. Tbe nest step n-as a resolution declaring all theroffices of the first convention vacnts, batSfhermannConant waseretained as the Secretaryaof thin con- eosion. This convention was nottso liberal as the first in mak- ing offices foe its followers. ts offices consisted of one secte- tary and annssistantsecretary, ore seegeant-at-arms, one door- keeper, one chaplain, a printer and a financial agent. Thre swas a marked difference in the last conventionnas to decorum. Osborn and " the Brtherhood" hoeing overcome the lead- ers of the Loyal League by recapturing the convention, mere determined to pursue them so their death far future contingen. ciet. To expel them fnam the concestion weuld bare the effect of killing their influence with the freedmen, and it mat willed that they should go. Porman man appointed chairman of the Committee on Eligibility, and the day after the last concrention mat oegnnized, made a report wehich seas generally belieed he had carried in his pocket from the time he entered the cnren- tion until he reported it, hich w-as as folloms: "In the case of W. M. Saunders, returned as a delegate tn this convention from the Fourth Election District, conclusie evidence is adduced that he isnotaegiteredcvoterein nor an inhabitant of the district be claims sn eresens; that he is no citizen of Florida andr the reconstruction Ins. "1In the case of Liberty Billings, returned from the Four- teenth Election District, evidence is produced anderethe sealuof the United States Court, that be, on the sash day of August, 1867g, in this State made uath that hr is a citizen of the State of Nem Hampshire, and the officiat certificate of the Board of Registration is in proof thus he is nut a registeed cater in the district he claims to represent. "In the case uf C. H. Pearce, returned fraom the Sixth Election District, the official certificate of she Board of Regis- tension it in evidence that he is nut a registered voter in the din- tric that he claimstoneepresent, that henas formerly aresident of Canada; that he there sworeetrue faith and allegiance so the governmentof Great Britain. "Vour committee, in conclusion, beg trace to recommend the follown-fg resolution as the result and convction of their unbiased incestigation, u~ninfluenced by any seutimentsor preju- dice, eitheruofuapolitical or personalrcharactr. Rnsalved, That W. M. Saunders, Liberty Billings and C. H. Pearce, returned as delegates so this convention from the Fourth, fin CRPETBcAG RUcLE INFLORIDAu. thirteen. Colonel Sprague then retired. Tbe next step n-nta esoluti on declaring all the offices of the first conention vcane, but Sherman Conantswaseretained as the Secretary of this eon- vention. Thisnconventionn-as notso liberal as the first in mak- ing offices fur its follon-ers. Its offices consisted of one secre- tary and an asistanteceary, one sergeau s-at-arms, one done- keeper, one cbaplain, a printee aud a financial agent. Thre weas a marked difference in the last concentionuas to decorum. Onborn and " the Brotherhond" baving nvercomerthe lead- rt of the Loyal League by recapturing the convention, n-err determined to pursue them to their death fur future cntningen. ciet. To expel them frnm the cnvnention mould bare the effect of killing their influence with the freedmen, and it n-as willed that they should gu. Putmn n-at appointed chaieman of the Committee an Eligibility, and the day after the last convention n-at organized, made a report n-hick n-at generally believed he had carried in his packet from the time hr entred the conven- tinn until her epurted it, wnhich n-an as follus: "In the case of W. M. Sanders, returned as a delegate so skis conventionn from the Furth Electin District, conclusie evidence is adduced that heris notsaegisteredvoterein nor an inhabitant of she district he claims so represent; that he is no citizen of Florida under the recunstruction lan-s. " In she case of Liberty Billings, returned from the Four- teenth Election District, evidence is produced under the seal of the United States Court, that he, un the s2th day of August, 1867, is skis State made oath that he is a citizen of the Stale of New Hampshire, and the official certificate of the Board of Registration is in proof that he is net a registeed voter in the district he clsims to represent. I"IIn the rate of C. H. Pearce, returned frum the Sixth Election District, the official certificate of the Board of Regis- teation is in evidence that hefts not a registered voter in the dis- trict that hr claims tu reyresent, tbus he n-as formerly a resident of Canada; that he snere sn-ore tre faith and allegiance to the gocernmentsof Great Britain. "1Your committee, in conclusion, beg leant to reconmmend the follon-ing resolution as the result and convction of their unbiased investigation, uninfluencedhby any tenti~ment or preju- dice, either of a political or personal character. Reol/ed, Thus W. M. Saunders, Liberty Billings and C. H. Pearce, returned as delegates tn this concention from the Fourth,  CARPEBAGRUE INtFLORIDA. 61 Fourteenth ansd Sioth Election Ditricts, retpectively, are hereby, for reasoos stated in the foregoing report, declared ineligihle to teats in this body." Int the case of Daoiel Richards, fromt the Fourth Etection District, the Cotmmittee repored that he oat cot ant itnhabitat nor registered voter of the district which he claimed to repre- tote, and inteligihle to a scot itt the cottveotioo. Thette resolo- tions wecto adopted hy a large maojority, and Chit eoded the Bid- tiogt.Saoodces ceign itt the Costitotioal Cooseotion of 1868. It tsill be sceen hy the mointets of this coovention, that its journaltwasnothkept in soch asway as to enoble comcinggen-. eations to hnot chat bad transpired throaghout the twhole pes. ceedings. The following resolution is introduced as a wcitness to the insofficicocy of the jounal. It oat offeredhby Mr. Alden: Resolved, That the journal of thc Contitotional Coceno- tin of the State of Florida, fromo itt arganization octil the third day of Feheruary, he recogntized as the ottly journal of the Convention to that date. Thereahter, that all the procecedings of this convention, except the moeeting end adjournent of the consention, ho expunged froms the joornal ootil the ibth of Februarty, 3 P. m., fromo which titoc the journal shall beresumted attd hept comoptete." (See journtal of the Proceedings of the Constitutionat Convention of the State of Florida, page 48). T. W. Osborn offered the follaowing retolutin, wchichwa adopted anderosuspension of the cules: "WHEREAS, Ithasing comteto thebttowledge of this cn ventin that D. S. Walker, Goseecor of the State of Florida, having hit excutive office itt the capitot, and by virtue of hit office as Goeoo,beig ichage of the capitolaod al the rostheroin, has in no mtanner been consalted or his attent ashed by asp officeraorsmember of the convention foe the ue of the Assembly chamber o any other room in which to hold this cacventin, therefore, Reolv/ed, That me, as the Constitutional Convention of the State of Florida, sincerety regret that so great a discourtesy has beet showno to the Governor of the State by thit convention antdby itt formceaoffcers; attdfurthercthatmwerequest the Presi- dent of this conventiott to wcait upon Governor Walker attd state to him the circumstantces itt the cse, and asktheseof this o nwch to hold the Contstitational Convention of the State of Florida." CARTBAG70 RULE tN FLRIDttA. 6t Fouteeoth and Sixth Election Districts, respectively, are hereby, foe eeatons stated in the foregoing report, declared itteligible to teats itt thit body." In the ease of Daniel Richtedt, from the Foueth Election District, the Committee reorted that be ws not on inhabitant ntorregisteedsvoteof the districtswhich he claimedtoeepe- sent, and inteligible ta a seat in the convention. Thete retolu- tionsowere adopted by a lare majority, and Chit ended the Bit. littgs.Saottdeet reign itt the Cottstitutional Convetttion of sf68. It mill be scott by the minutes of this canvention, that its journawascnot hoyt in soch a nay as to eonable coming gent- erations so kttow what had teanspired throughout the swhole pen. ceedings. The followng resolution is introduced as a witness to the insufficiency of thejourttal. It was offered by Mr. Alden: Reaolved, That the journal of the Constitutional Consett- tiott of the State of Florida, front its organization utl the shied day of Februaey, he recognieed as the only jounal of the Cottvention to that date. Theeafter, that alt the proceedings of this converiotn, excpt the meeting and adjourttment of the centsiott, becexpunged from the journal until tbe 18th of Febeuary, 3 P. m., from wchich time the jouettal shall beresumed attd boys complete." (See journal of the Proceedings of the Constitutional Convetttion of the State of Plorida, page 48). T. W. Osborn offered the follotwing restolutin, which ws adopted uttdersuspension of the eules: " WHEREAS, It hosing come to the kttosledge of this con- ventiott that D. S. Walker, Goveenor of thy State of Floeida, having his executive office itt the capitol, and by vitue of his office as Goveror, being itt charge of the capitol and all the rooms thereitt, has in tto manttee heettcottsulted sor his assent asked by any officer 00 member of the contention foe the ose of the Assembly chamber or any other room itt which to hold this cottvention, therefore, Reoled, That swe, at the Cottstitutional Conventiott of the State of Florida, tincerely regeet that so great a discourtesy has bett showsn to the Goveettor of the State by this contention and byitsformerofficees; and fuethetatsweerequest the Presi- dent of thts cottvetton so scatt spec Govenor Walker attd state to him the circumstattces itt the case, attd askhtheouse of this room tn wchich to hold the Cottstitutional Cottventiott of the State ttf Florida." Foueteenth and Sixth Electiott Ditricts, respectively, are heeeby, for reasons stated in the foregoing repoet, declared itteligible ttt teats in this bttdy." Is the case of Daniel Richards, froms the Fourth Electiott Ditrict, the Committee recported that be twas not an inhabitant ttooregisteeddvoterof thecdistrictschich be claimed to repre- settt, and ineligible to a seat in the contention. Tbhone rotolu- tionsswere adopted by a large majority, and this ended the Bil- tittgt.Saunders reign in the Constitutional Convention of 1868. It mitt be tesn by the minutes of this convntion, that its journalwas not hept is such anway as to enable coming gen- eratiotts to know wchat hod transpired throghott the wchole pro- ceedings. The followcing restolution is introduced as a witness to the insufficiency of the journal. It mat offeredhby Mro. Alden: Resolced, That the journal of the Constitutional Conven- tion of the State of Florida, from itt aogganiaationt until the third day of February,be recognized asthe only jouenal of the Contention to that dote. Thereafter, that all the proceedings of this convention, except the meeting and adjournment of the convention, be expunged from the journal until the sfth of February, 3e. mo., feats which tiame the jouenal shall be retained and hept complete." (See journal of the Proceedings of the Constitutional Contention of the State of Ploeida, page 48). T. W. Osboen offered the followcing retolution, wchich wsca adopted undeetsuspension of the res: "WEREnAS, It having come to the knowledge of this con- section that D. S. Wolher, Gocernor of thy State of Florida, hating hit executice office in the capitol, and by virtue of his office an Governor, being in chaege of the capitol and alt thtt eooms therein, has in no macnec been consulted or his assent asked by any officer sor member of the concention foe the use of the Assembly chamber oe any other room in nhich so bold this concession, therefore, Resoled, That no, as the Constitutional Contention of the State of Plorida, sincerelyregret that so great a discoortesyboas been showon to the Govenoe of the State by this convoction antd byits faorrofficers; and foethercthatnweequest the Presi- dent of this contention to wait uon Governor Walker and state to him the ciecomstances in the case, and ash theause of this o nchich to hold the Constitutional Convetttion of the State of Florida."  62 CARPETBAG RULE IN FLORIDA. Osboern offered another resolution, under suspension of the rules, that the Sergeant-at-Arts be instructed to inquire of Gov-~ rnor Walker the amoont of mwood that hod been osed by the convention, wrhich wood had heen purchasedhbythe officers of the ropitol, und otedhby thecotreotion withoot cossettfromt the Governor. Althoogh Otbort and Company, prior to the ottembling of the convention, had been marshaling the freedmen against any respect fur or recognition of the Walkr administration, ittseems that the struggle mith the Billings-Saonders faction in the con- vrntion had resulted in making Osbornatspecial convrrtoand fored himto at least a temporaey membrrship of the Gutvern- ne's political church; hat Walker rather doubted the sincrity of therconvertad he nerer thereaftrr informed the deacons or other members of the congregation of this most sodden and remarkable conversion of this Saul of Tarus. Tberconvrntion, at soon as itmwas organizedr ommeuced reading a constitutin which had hero agreed upon by Oshorn and Conmpuny, tome time and at some place which are not defi- nitely known, hut mat grnerally belirred so hace hers made nr agreed upon in the city of Monticello, whkence these eighteen conspirators, afrer the manner of the Arabs, had folded their tents at the capitol and silently stolen away. The reading of the constitution mould only hr disturbed whrn tome interloc- tory drcree of Osborn and Company had to becarried into effect. The following isto fair sample of some of these decrees: On the auth of February, J. E. Davidson and M. L. Stearns, swhoreceived but a %small E-oction of the roses cast, wrere seated from the Furth District, in place of Daniel Richards and W. M. Saunders; Richard Wlls, whoudid not get twentyrvtes, was seated fron tshe Sioth District in place of C. H. Pearce. 0. B. Hart, whoureceiced lbe same nuamher nf votes as Wells, too seated from the Fourteenth District in place of Liberty Billings; John W. Butler, wcho made nousontrst, mat seated buom the First District in place of Georgr Walkrr, echo failed so attend the coneention after being elected. After passing aresolutindeclaringthe script issuedby the first convenation void, the constitutinn was signed and the russ- vention adjourned on the 25th day of February, subject to raill 62 CARPETBAG RULE INFLORIDA. Osborn offered another resolution, under suspension of the roles, thatsthe Sergean-at.Arms be instruced toinquirerof ov- rnor Walker the amount of wnod tht bad been used by the convention, mhich mood bud been purchasedby theofficers of the capitol, and utedhby the cons-entionstwithout consent front the Governor. Although Osboen and Company, prior so the assembling of the coocention, bad been marshaling the freedmen against any respect for or recognition of the Walker administration, itsseems that the struggle milk the Billings-Saunders faction in the con- cession bad resulted in making Osborn aspecialtconvertand forced him to at least a temporary membrsthip of the Gocern- ne's political church; hat Walker rather doubted the sincrity of the concert, and he never thereafter informed the deacons or nther members of the congegation of this moot sodden and remarkable conrersion of skit Saul of Tarust. Tbe conenti~on, at tutu as it wsca organized, commenced reading a cocstitution which had hero agreed upon by Oshorn and Company, tome timrandat some placerwhichoarenot defi- nitely known, hat mat genratly believed so bare been made r agreed upon in the city of Monticello, ehence these eighteen conspirators, after the manner of the Arabs, had folded ther tents at the capitol and silently stalest away. The reading of tbe constitution mould only be disturbed when some itrou tory decree of Osbon and Company had to becaried into effect. The following is a fair sample tf some of these decrees: On the oth of February, J. E. Davidson and M. L. Sterns, whboreceired but asmoll fLactiun of lbe votes cost, mere seated from the Furth District, in place of Daniel Richards and W. M. Saunders; Rtchard Wells, who did notgetetwenty votesmas seated frnm tbe Sixth District in place of C. H. Pearce. 0. B. Hart, wrhoreceired lbe esame numoberuof roses as Wells, was seated from the Fourternth District in place of Liberty Billings; John W. Butler, wcho made no constet, mas seated from the First District in place of George Walker, who failed to attend the convenlion after being elected. After passing aremlution declaringsthe script issuedby the first cncention cold, the constitutinn trot sigsed and the eon- mention adjourned on the 25th day of February, subject to raill 62 CARPETBAG RUE IC FLORIDA. Osborn offered anothereresolution, under suspension of the roles, that the Srgosl-at-Armhbe instructedto inquire of or- ernor W~alker the amount of wood that had been used by tbe convention, which mood had been purchasedhyyste officers of the capitol, and used by the convenlion w'itbout consent from the Governor. Although Osborn and Company, prioe to the assembling of the concention, had kern marshaling the freedmen against any respect for or eecognition of the Walker administration, itlseema that tbe struggle with the Billings-Saunders faction in the con- vention bad rersulted inmaking Osborn aspecial concrtland forcedbhimto at leasto aemporary membership of the Govern- or's political church; but Walker rather doubted she sincerity of tbe concert, andbhe never thereafter onformed the deacons or other members of the congregation of this most sodden and remarkable conversion of this Saul of Tarsus. Tbe conrenion, as soon as it mat organized, commenced reading a constitution which bad hero agreed upon by Osborn and Company, some time and at somerplace wchick are not defi- nitely knowno, hot mas generally believed to have been mode or agreed uot in the city of Monticello, schence these eigbteen conspirators, aftr the mannee of tbe Arabs, had folded their tents as the capitol and silently stolen away. The eoding tf the constitution mould only he disturbed when some itrou tory decree of Osborn andCompany had tu be carried into effect. The following isoa fair sample of some tf shear decrees On the ansb of February, J. E. Davidson and M. L. Stearns, echo received hat osmall fraction of the roles cast, mere seated from the Fourth District, in place of Daniel Richards ansd W. M. Saunders; Richard Wells, who did notget tmnty vtes,mas seated from the Sixth District in place of C. H. Pearce. 0. B. Hart, wcho receiced the same nomber of votes as Wells, ws seated from the Fourteenth District in place of Liberty Billings; John W. Boler, echo made o contest, was seated from the First District in place of George Walker, wcho failed to attend the ronvention after being elected. Aftrpassing aresolution declaring the script issuedhby the first convention void, the constitution wsea signed and the con- mention adjourned on the .25th day of February, subject to coill  CARPETBAG RULE IN FLORIDA. 63 of President, or any ten members, in case the President is out of the State. Nine members of the Billings-Richards faction signed the constitution under protest, as they were threatened that they should have no pay unless they did sign it. Billings, now the candidate of his faction for Governor, began to stump the State against the adoption of the constitu- tion. The freedmen were wrathy and began to raise money to end Richards and Saunders to Congress to protest against the admission of the State into the Union in case the constitution was adopted. Some four or five hundred dollars were raised and they went off to Washington. They had not been absent long before Richards sent back to the freedmen the following telegram: " Florida is safe; Congress is with us ! Praise the Lord." For an hour the air was filled with shouts from the freedmen. One freedman while on his dying bed, and con- scious of his approaching death, gave the only five dollars he had to be sent to Saunders and Richards at Washington. Saun- ders had not been there many days before the Osborn faction captured him and sent him back to the State to canvass for the adoption of the New Constitution. He came back but did not dare stop in Tallahassee for fear of being mobbed by the freed- men. Now that one of the trinity had deserted, Billings and Richards were left to conduct the canvass themselves with the assistance of C. H. Pearce, who had been ousted from the con- vention. Billings would hold his meetings on large plantations in the night time, so as to get all the old men and women out, as they generally controlled the younger class. In order to deeply impress the freedmen with the justness of his cause and of his unblemished Republicanism, he would have all the little colored children brought out to the meetings, and would ask the name of each, and then take them up and kiss them. A little soap.and water would not have done some of them any harm. When he would kiss the children you could hear on all sides from the freedmen words like these : " I will vote ebery day for that man." " I will die for that man." " That man is a good 'publican." Billings hearing these words would shout to them, "Jesus Christ was a Republican." So attached were these people to Billings that they introduced a sign among them- selves which was the given name of Billings. When one wanted CARPETBAG RULE IN FLORIDA. 63 CARPETBAG RULE IN FLORIDA. 63 of President, or any ten members, in case the President is out of the State. Nine members of the Billings-Richards faction signed the constitution under protest, as they were threatened that they should have no pay unless they did sign it. Billings, now the candidate of his faction for Governor, began to stump the State against the adoption of the constitu- tion. The freedmen were wrathy and began to raise money to end Richards and Saunders to Congress to protest against the admission of the State into the Union in case the constitution was adopted. Some four or five hundred dollars were raised and they went off to Washington. They had not been absent long before Richards sent back to the freedmen the following, telegram: " Florida is safe; Congress is with us ! Praise the Lord." For an hour the air was filled with shouts from the freedmen. One freedman while on his dying bed, and con- scious of his approaching death, gave the only five dollars he had to be sent to Saunders and Richards at Washington. Saun- ders had not been there many days before the Osborn faction captured him and sent him back to the State to canvass for the adoption of the New Constitution. He came back but did not dare stop in Tallahassee for fear of being mobbed by the freed- men. Now that one of the trinity had deserted, Billings and Richards were left to conduct the canvass themselves with the assistance of C. H. Pearce, who had been ousted from the con- vention. Billings would hold his meetings on large plantations in the night time, so as to get all the old men and women out, as they generally controlled the younger class. In order to deeply impress the freedmen with the justness of his cause and of his unblemished Republicanism, he would have all the little colored children brought out to the meetings, and would ask the name of each, and then take them up and kiss them. A little soap and water would not have done some of them any harm. When he would kiss the children you could hear on all sides from the freedmen words like these : " I will vote ebery day for that man." "I will die for that man." "That man is a good 'publican." Billings hearing these words would shout to them, "Jesus Christ was a Republican." So attached were these people to Billings that they introduced a sign among them- selves which was the given name of Billings. When one wanted of President, or any ten members, in case the President is out of the State. Nine members of the Billings-Richards faction signed the constitution under protest, as they were threatened that they should have no pay unless they did sign it. Billings, now the candidate of his faction for Governor, began to stump the State against the adoption of the constitu- tion. The freedmen were wrathy and began to raise money to end Richards and Saunders to Congress to protest against the admission of the State into the Union in case the constitution was adopted. Some four or five hundred dollars were raised and they went off to Washington. They had not been absent long before Richards sent back to the freedmen the following telegram: " Florida is safe; Congress is with us! Praise the Lord." For an hour the air was filled with shouts from the freedmen. One freedman while on his dying bed, and con- scious of his approaching death, gave the only five dollars he had to be sent to Saunders and Richards at Washington. Saun- ders had not been there many days before the Osborn faction captured him and sent him back to the State to canvass for the adoption of the New Constitution. He came back but did not dare stop in Tallahassee for fear of being mobbed by the freed- men. Now that one of the trinity had deserted, Billings and Richards were left to conduct the canvass themselves with the assistance of C. H. Pearce, who had been ousted from the con- vention. Billings would hold his meetings on large plantations in the night time, so as to get all the old men and women out, as they generally controlled the younger class. In order to deeply impress the freedmen with the justness of his cause and of his unblemished Republicanism, he would have all the little colored children brought out to the meetings, and would ask the name of each, and then take them up and kiss them. A little soap.and water would not have done some of them any harm. When he would kiss the children you could hear on all sides from the freedmen words like these: " I will vote ebery day for that man." ''I will die for that man." "That man is a good 'publican." Billings hearing these words would shout to them, "Jesus Christ was a Republican." So attached were these people to Billings that they introduced a sign among them- selves which was the given name of Billings. When one wanted  64 CARPETBAG RULE IN FLORIDA. tknowe hoee the other stoad te Billings, he woauld say "1Lib- erty, " and if the othee eat a Billings eman he weould anser "Liberty." On the Billings State Tichet teas Sate. Walher, fee Lieatea. ant-Govereor, aed D. Richaeds, fee Cengeses, while the Repuh- licane paety had nominated Haeeieoe Reed fee Goertea, Wil- liae H. Gleason fee Lieuenante-Goernore, aed Charles Hameil. see, fee Cengress. The Detteceats, tahieg ceueage at the fight ef the teto Republican factiens, nomteinated Geeorge W. Scott fee the head ot their tichet, and in conjuction wth Billiegs, ep- pesed the adoption ef the constitatioe. The electien teas held ate the 4th, 5th aed 6th days of May, aed resalted is the eles- tionaof Govereor Reed and Lieuttentant-Gaereeer Gleaso, and the eatificatian of the constitatiate hy Seve thousand majority. Theta is tea qaetsion sheet the fact of Billings careying Leten County against the costnittion, though the vate as counted did neteshow it. Gocernor Reedteshonestly elcted, hoesa large majorityaof the cotes cost ie the aovoe counetytere against the con- stitution hat teats fat Haerisan Reed, ad the Legislative Ticket of Billinegs. The eats easoe evecnly halanced hetteene Reed and Billings. The Billings Conttitution teas nt pat hefote the peopleta hecvotedaonas that caald not he daneteithoat the indorsemsent of Gaeeral Meade, and he refsfed to recognize that coestitution fan the resat that it teas mode wtithotut a mea- jatity of the delegates elected; hat hatS canstitutions tee laid hefore Cangress hy the Preesident of the United States. Oat af the east naticeahle traitaoas ftestates af the Othorn cosetitutiten sasa clase ta prohihit ay pertote feaoa heing eligi- hle to the office af Gavernor, Lieatenant-Governar, Meter of Cangress, at United States Senator, anless ha had hae nine yeats a citizen af the United States, teo yeses a citizten aftshe State of Florida, ad a registered vottr. This teas date ta shet outssuchcolaredtmenas the educated and briliaint Gibbs, and ashes leading lights of the colared race in the State. They tets handiapped, hoteere, hy the aendnsents of the Canstitutiaon of the United States, thetefoe theit schemse did nta teach teell; hat she attempt to steal is had moally, if nt legally. This clasen genst teak effect apse ass of the schetes, William H. Gleason, saho, not havingheen a citizen of Florida twoe yeas 64 CARPETBAG RULE IN FLORIDtA.t to hkate hate the ashes staod so Billings, he saoeld say " Lih- easy," and if the ather teas a Billiags msan he teauld anser Liherty." Ga the Sittings Stats Tichet teas Sate. Walher, fat Lieaten- ant-Governoar, ad D. Richards, fee Coagress, tehile the Repuh- lican partyhad namiated Harrison Reed for Governar, Wit- liam H. Gleasoa tat Liettnat-Gacssat, and Chaes HantiL san, faa Congess. 'The Democrats, takiag courage as the fight at the teo Repuhlican factieas, aaminated George W. Scott fee the head aftsheir ticket, ad an cnjunction wtih Billings, op- posed the adoptiate of the constitution. The electian teas held an the 4th, Sth and 6th days of May, and resualted in the alec. sian of Governor Reed and Lietant-Goernore Gleason, and the ratificatian of the canstitutian hy flee thousand majority. These is no questioa ahaut the face of Billings carrying Lean Coanty against the constitution, thaugh the tote at coanted did noteshoteit. Gocernar Reedteashanstly elected, hats aare majority of the eaten cant in the shoe caantyteree against the eon- stitatiate hat tese foe Harrison Reed, and the Legislative Tichet of Billings. The case teas mete evealy halanced hetteen Reed and Billings. The Billiags Caastitatioa teas net pat hefoe the peopleta hesvotedaon, as that coaldenot he doneteithoat she indorsemtent of Genteeal Meade, and he refused to recognize that constitution foe the reason that it teas made teithout ama jority of the delegates elected; hat hash coastitutions tets laid hefore Cangress hy the Preseident af the United States. One of the mast noticeahle teaitaoos featnes af the Oshorn eonstitution tees aeclasse to prohihit any pesan fram heing eligi- hls ta the office of Goerenar, LieateaetGaeena, Meter of Congess, at United States Senator, uness he had heen nine yeses a citien of the United fiestas, tea yeats a citizen at the State af Flarida, ad a registered eases. Thin teas dose to shut ostehcloed mene as the educaseed and brilliant Gibbs, and othee leading lights of the calared toe in she Stats. They tets handiapped, howeere, hy the amendmsents of the Constitution of the United Staten, therefore sheit scheme did net teeth well; hut the attempt to steal is had moeally, if sat legally. This clause fiat teak effect span oe of the schemeras, William H. Glannwho, not havinghbeen a citizen of Florida tea yeas 64 cCAETBAG RUEts INteFLORIDA. to knote hate the ashes stead to Billings, ha saoald nay "Lih- easy," and if the other tes a Billiegs man he teould anstert Liherty." Ote the Billings Seats Ticket teas Sate. Walher, fee Lietteen- ant-Goernora, ad D. Richards, foe Cangess, tehile the Repuh- lican yarty had nomeinated Harrisaon Reed fat Goernor, Wit- hiate H. Gleason toe Lieutenat-Gaernor, and Chasten HamiL son, fee Congress. The Democrats, taking eourage as the fight aftshe teo Repuhlican factians, nomiated George W. Scott fer the head aftsheir ticket, and in conjuncotion teith Billings, op- posed the adaption of the conastitution. The electian teas held an the 4sh, 5th ad 6th days of May, ad rsulted in the elsec- tionof Goernor Read and Lieatenant-Goernor Gleasonand the ratification of the costitution hy flee thoasand majority. Theta is as question shoes the fact of Billings caetying Lean Conty agaianst the canstitution, though the vte as aonted did noteshoteit. Governor Reedteashonesly elected,hbuta large teajorityaof te veotes cast in thas acoe ceastyteee against the con- stitution hot wese foe Harrisan Reed, and the Legislatie Ticket of Billings. The ve teas incas scanty halanced hetteen Reed and Billings. The Billiags Constittione teas not pee hefore the people to hbeatedon, as shot coutldaot ha donewithout the indorsement of Genteeal Meade, and he refused to recognize that constitutian foe the rason thetit teas mode weithout a mta- jority of the delegates elected; hat hash constitations teree laid hefoe Congess hy she Pesident of the United States. One of shamanst noticeahle traitaoots featues of the Oshorn eonsitation teas a clase to prtohihit any person from heing eligi- hit to the office of Gaernor, Lieutenant-Goernor, Membher of Cangress, at United States Senatar, enless he had heen nine yeses a aitizsen of the Gaited States, tea yeses a citizen oftshe State of Flotida, and a registered eases. This teas doe so shut outsuch coloredmensas the edacated andhbilliant Gihhs, and other leading lights of the calored tact in the State. They tee handicapped, hoeer, hy the amendments of the Constitution of the United States, theefoe shamr scheme did not teeth saell; hat the attempt to steal in had messily, if not legally. This clause fleet took effece upon oe of the schemers, Williste H. Gleson. sake, not having taen a citizen nf Florida tea yeas  hefore tho election, coat aoted froo the office of Lieutenant- Goveor, by orer of the couaet io proceedingtinstitated by Govoeror Rood inoosequence of the attemoptofGeaoo aod hisoco-conspiatos to impeahad suspendkReedand iag- rate Gleasona ovenoro. befooe the electioo, coat oosted ftoot the office of Lieutonanob Goveror, by oter of the coartin peoceediogo inostituted by Goverot Reed inconseqaeoce of the attemopt of Gleaon and his co-conspiatoseto imeah adsuspendtReedand iaug- rate GleasonoasGoeroe. CARPETEAC RULE IN FLORIDA. 65 hefore the electioo, coat oasted froom the office of Lieuteoant- Goveort, by ardee of the couret it peoceedings institoted by Goverot Reedlioeoonseqaence of the attemcpt of Gleason coed his co-conspiratorsto imcpeach and suspendlReedad inauog- rateGeaon aseGoveror,   CHAPTER VI. Meeteria/of Rio/ardo and Saners to Congress Against the Osbrn Constitutort. Criticismore th e Meorial. After the re-assetobling of the convention, ewhich resulted in the utter defeat of Richards and Saunders, and the consequent setting aside of all the previous proceedings, the defeated patties carried the matter ito the Conges of the United States, wcith the hope of prerensiig the admtisson of the State into ste Union under the constitotion erode hy the recognioed hody. They accoedingly dere op the followting smeooial, wchich stas laid hefoe that hody on the 23d of Maech, x868: FLORIDA CONSTITUTIONAL CON VENTION-ITS HISTORY. Enclosed is the ordee of Majoe-Geneeal John Pope, comn- mtanding thied mrilitaey disteict, nailing the Constitutional Conen- sian of Floeida, and his retrne of the delegates elected. By the said oedee it swill he seen that foety-sixndelegates wrce retarned as elected. On the oath of January, sthen the contention wsra-c iced, thiety delegates wtere present, tstenty-seven of sthome voted for the offiners elected, and two against there-one nor sating, hut sthoeextday askedand otained leavertohave hisote recorded in farvor of the organization. Nexteday, act, standing roles were adopted hy a unanimtoos note. The convenstion ws organised hy etecting to emnst of the offices radical repuhlicans, and threats sterenopenly erode hy the conserv-ativ-e Johnson office-holders and rehels that no constitu- tion should hr erode, nor husiness done, until the organization of the convntion wsroknen op. Conerveative repuhlicans, hash in and net of the contention, hegan so caucus ntight and day, stith the leading rehels freely aderitted to their coencils, te devise stays and merant te onerthrost the radicals. The princi- pal hotel in the city ws opened free to the delegates wrho stoeld act stith theer, andewho stee all poor-erany of theernoseroney enough so pay hoard hills stith. Whisky flosted free as ster. Moey wsta osed in ahundance to oeruept the delegetes, whinh wtas lihetenderinghbread to a starenegeran. The unstorthy, dehasing ingluences henaght to hear upon CHAPTER VI. Meorieat ef Riec/rdo and Saunderso to Congo-era Against tMe Osbrn Cansdion. Cn/tti/oer orn the Memriat. After the re-asseerhling of the convntion, wrhichr resulted in the aster defeat of Richards and Saunders, and the consequent setting aside of all the precious proceedings, she defeated pansies carried the stutter into the Congress of the United States, sth the hope of prenensiirg the admrissin of the State into sire Union andr she constitution erode hy she recogrized hody. They accordingly drest up the follosting eeeorial, sthich wcas laid hefore that hody on the 23d of Hunch, s868: FLORIDA CONSTITUTIONAL. CONVENTION-ITS HISTORY. Enclosed is the order of Major-General John Pope, coer- standing third erilitary district, calling the Constitutional Convn- tion of Florida, and his retun of the delegates elected. By the said order it still he seen thot forty-sin delegates stee returned as elected. On the oth of January, wrhen the conventin wsta organ- lord, thirty delegates stere present, twrenty-seven nf whoer noted for the oicers elected, and tern against sheer-one nor nosing, hot who nest day asked and ohtained leave tohar-ehis vnse recorded in facor of the organization. Nent day, 2 555, standing rules were adopted hy aunim s vote. The conventin was organizedhbyelectrngs er ost of the offices radicalerepuhlicans, and threatsstere openlyeradehbythe conservatice Johnsnn office-holders and rehels that no contite- sian should hr erode, nor hnsiness done, until the nrganization of the convention ws hrohen np. Conservative repuhlicans, bosh in and out of the contention, heganstocaucus night and day, with the leading rehels freely aderitted tn their councils, tn denise stays and eant to nverthrnst the radicals. The princi- pal hotel in the city wsta npened free so the delegates sthn wonld act stith theer, andstho stere all poor-erany of theernnteroney enongh to pay hoard hills stith. Whisky flowed free as eraser. HMoney wsto used in ahnndance to corupt the delegates, which wsta like tendering hread so atstarving eran. The unstorthy, dehasing influences hrought In hear upon CHAPTER VI. Meemoriat of Rio/ardo and Sanders to Congess Aga/nst the Osborns Costtution. Cr-itt/on astre Memorial. After the re-asseerhling of the conentcion, wrhichs resulted in the ester defeatrof Richards and Sounders, and the consequent setting aside of oil the perinns proceedings, the defeated parties carried theeratter into the Congess of the United States, sth the hope of peenniltg the aderission of the State ito tire Union nder the constitution erode hy the recognized hody. They accordingly drew np the follosting emeorial, which wstolaid hefoe that hody on the 23d of March, s8685 FLORIDA CONSTITUTIONAL, CONVENTION-ITS HISTORY. Enclosed is the order of Maor-e-neral John Pope, cost- eranding third erilitary district, calling the Cnnstitutional Conven- lion of Florida, and his retnrn of the delegates elected. By the said order it still he seen that forty-sis delegates stee returned as elected. On the cashb of January, sthen the contention wstar ngan- iced, thirty delegates stee present, terenty-ser-en of sthner noted fee the officers elected, and tsto against sheer-one not nosing, hnt who cent day asked and ohtained leone tn have his note recnrded in fannr of the organization. Nextrday, 2 1St, tending rules were adopted hy aunim s nose. The contention ws nrganized hy electing to ernst of the oficesradical republicans, and threats stere openly erode by the consercative Johnson office-holders and reehels that no constitu- tion shonld he erode, nor husiness done, until the organization of the contention ws hroken up. Cunseenative repuhlicans, bosh in and nut of the contention, hegan to caucus night and day, with the leading rehels freely aderitted tn their concils, to devisestays andereans tonoerhrostthe erinals. The princi- pal hotel in the city wsta opened free to the delegates who would act with sheer, andewho stee all poor-eranynof ther notereney ennegh In pay hoard hills stith. Whisky Slowed free as water, Money wsta nsed in ahnndance torcnrrupt the delegates, which was likestenderinghbreadto a starvingeran. The nwsorthy, dehasing influences hboght rehbear uon  68 CARPETBAG RULE IN FLORIDA. the delegates would disgrace any other part of Christendom, if it does not Florida. Like hungry wolves around a carcass, the Federal office- holders in the State congregated together there as with a com- mon purpose, and that purpose to defeat reconstruction on a re- publican basis in that State. The caucuses of the organized lobby were held every night until nearly daylight, and money furnished by the Johnson office-holders, and every other influence was used to bring in delegates to join them. Among those who took active part against the convention as oganized, and most of whom were almost constantly in cau- cus, were the following, viz : Harrison Reed, 0. B. Hart, T. W. Osborn, Sherman Conant, Lemuel Wilson, A. A. Knight, 0. Morgan, M. L. Stearns, E. D. Howse, W. J. Purman, S. B. Conover and E. K. Foster, all holding offices under the General Government. Colonel John T. Sprague, commander of the State, previous to the organization, and during the convention, exercised his influence actively in the interest of those who finally disrupted the convention. C. Thurston Chase and S. F. Dewy, both Federal office-holders, aided by their correspondence, counsels and advice the faction striving to gain the control of the conven- tion or to break it up. E. M. Randall, brother of the Post- master-General, was constantly in caucus with them, as was also Captain Dyke, editor of the Floridian, and keeper of Anderson- ville, where our Union soldiers were starved. Governor David S. Walker rendered them all the aid and comfort in his power, and after the convention was broken up and a new one organ- ized, he was on the floor of the convention every day among the delegates and on one occasion made a speech to the conven- tion. Every effort to proceed with the business of the convention was violently resisted by this disorganizing faction in the body, aided by a powerful and thoroughly organized lobby, for two weeks. During this time only forty-one delegates had sub- scribed to the oath as required by the rules of the convention ; the others having failed to appear and subscribe to the oath. The great struggle of the opposition was to turn enough delegates out or vote enough into the convention to give them control of it. At the end of two weeks' wrangling, the opposition were beaten on a close vote of twenty-one to twenty, and the combined con- servative and rebel faction, to the number of eighteen, withdrew in a body to break up the convention. Other of the conservative delegates had previously gone home-one a Union man of such strong rebel proclivities that it was stated on the floor of the convention by his friends that he would not take the oath to 68 CARPETBAG RULE IN FLORIDA. the delegates would disgrace any other part of Christendom, if it does not Florida. Like hungry wolves around a carcass, the Federal office- holders in the State congregated together there as with a com- mon purpose, and that purpose to defeat reconstruction on a re- publican basis in that State. The caucuses of the organized lobby were held every night until nearly daylight, and money furnished by the Johnson office-holders, and every other influence was used to bring in delegates to join them. Among those who took active part against the convention as oganized, and most of whom were almost constantly in cau- cus, were the following, vio: Harrison Reed, G. B. Hart, T. W. Osborn, Sherman Conant, Lemuel Wilson, A. A. Knight, 0. Morgan, M. L. Stearns, E. D. Howse, W. J. Purman, S. B. Conover and E. K. Foster, all holding offices under the General Government. Colonel John T. Sprague, commander of the State, previous to the organization, and during the convention, exercised his influence actively in the interest of those who finally disrupted the convention. C. Thurston Chase and S. F. Dewy, both Federal ofiEe-holders, aided by their correspondence, counsels and advice the faction striving to gain the control of the conven- tion or to break it up. E. M. Randall, brother of the Post- master-General, was constantly in caucus with them, as was also Captain Dyke, editor of the Floridian, and keeper of Anderson- ville, where our Union soldiers were starved. Governor David S. Walker rendered them all the aid and comfort in his power, and after the convention was broken up and a new one organ- ized, he was on the floor of the convention every day among the delegates and on one occasion made a speech to the conven- tion. Every effort to proceed with the business of the convention was violently resisted by this disorganizing faction in the body, aided by a powerful and thoroughly organized lobby, for two weeks. During this time only forty-one delegates had sub- scribed to the oath as required by the rules of the convention; the others having failed to appear and subscribe to the oath. The great struggle of the opposition was to turn enough delegates out or vote enough into the convention to give them control of it At the end of two weeks' wrangling, the opposition were beaten on a close vote of twenty-one to twenty, and the combined con- servative and rebel faction, to the number of eighteen, withdrew in a body to breakup the convention. Other of the conservative delegates had previously gone home-one a Union man of such strong rebel proclivities that it was stated on the floor of the convention by his friends that he would not take the oath to 68 CARPETBAG RULE IN FLORIDA. the delegates would disgrace any other part of Christendom, if it does not Florida. Like hungry wolves around a carcass, the Federal office- holders in the State congregated together there as with a com- mon purpose, and that purpose to defeat reconstruction on a re- publican basis in that State. The caucuses of the organized lobby were held every night until nearly daylight, and money furnished by the Johnson office-holders, and every other influence was used to bring in delegates to join them. Among those who took active part against the convention as oganized, and most of whom were almost constantly in cau- cus, were the following, viz: Harrison Reed, 0. B. Hart, T. W. Osborn, Sherman Conant, Lemuel Wilson, A. A. Knight, 0. Morgan, M. L. Stearns, E. D. Howse, W. J. Purman, S. B. Conover and E. K. Foster, all holding offices under the General Government. Colonel John T. Sprague, commander of the State, previous to the organization, and during the convention, exercised his influence actively in the interest of those who finally disrupted the convention. C. Thurston Chase and S. F. Dewy, both Federal office-holders, aided by their correspondence, counsels and advice the faction striving to gain the control of the conven- tion or to break it up. E. M. Randall, brother of the Post- master-General, was constantly in caucus with them, as was also Captain Dyke, editor of the Floridian, and keeper of Anderson- ville, where our Union soldiers were starved. Governor David S. Walker rendered them all the aid and comfort in his power, and after the convention was broken up and a new one organ- ized, he was on the floor of the convention every day among the delegates and on one occasion made a speech to the conven- tion. Every effort to proceed with the business of the convention was violently resisted by this disorganizing faction in the body, aided by a powerful and thoroughly organized lobby, for two weeks. During this time only forty-one delegates had sub- scribed to the oath as required by the rules of the convention; the others having failed to appear and subscribe to the oath. The great struggle of the opposition was to turn enough delegates out or vote enough into the convention to give them control of it. At the end of two weeks' wrangling, the opposition were beaten on a close vote of twenty-one to twenty, and the combined con- servative and rebel faction, to the number of eighteen, withdrew in a body to breakup the convention. Other of the conservative delegates had previously gone home-one a Union man of such strong rebel proclivities that it was stated on the floor of the convention by his friends that he would not take the oath to  CARPETBAG RULE IN FLORIDA. 69 CARPETBAG RULE IN FLORIDA. 69 support the Constitution of the United Staes and proclanmations made thereender. He had left seome tee days previous. When these last eighteen withdrew theee were but tweenty- teo detegaes left inthe conventien. These twenty-two dele- gates rematining in the cnention diligently appylied theemselves to the object foe ehich they camce tegether dueieg the folleowing week. By takieg the preent Florida censtitutien, aed emakineg jestsechechange- ie it asethe altered ciecumtncenes seemed to require, on the 8th day, ef Febrtuaey they finished their weoek, fotrmedeandsignedeagodecntitcicc. TIhey thedjourned for eee neeb, int erder ce fiNe timee to lay the ceeccitetiec befoe Geeeat Mteade, eed get hit endoeecnt ef tice ordinaece cell- ing an lection,easit could nte efored cwithoeut the general commatnding the disteict gece velidity ce t it hy hit endoeenet. When the secedincg delegaes cwithcdrew, they ecteedietely left the city ef Tattahescee, fearng, peehably, if they rencaceed, coeef theie weee eerse, wee had heee keptc entoxicated att the timce for twe cneekcc, mcightcgetsoeenoegc aed lee icnduced te gonheckintceslcoeti,endlttceccacebeeqcoremcf cll the delegates elected. The) r etcieed te Mentcelle, teoee thirty mcitesditant,ceetesengeesan pedtciatl teeiec,eand mocney te try ancd gather tegether the fucgitice detegates, wlce had reci- aesly gehome. They remainedeaway freomthe cayital etc etire wneek, ted uetil tlce ceeceetien had ceotpleted its lehee, foercedereentitetien,csigeed ite nd adjeureed foreatteek to tceer freom GeneraelMeade. Tltecoenioniedjeureedot hStrday, Fehteaey 8. The felleowing Monday, Feheuaey to, the secedieg delegetes reterned, atc ecdnigh/t, 22estrong. With the eid ef the emilitary feteiched hy Goenee Welhee, they hreke ino the State-heese at deed of eight. C. M1. Hamciltee, unttit veryeentclyeagentcintthe feedmane'scBeaue, ted helieved hy mccst of the delegetec to Ice still in comcmcantd, weith yoer tcc enfrcehi erdes,wenct andeeeokfromttheiehedscwoef te detegates wehe had already signced oeecotcittientccoee them to the State-hocce, ancd, hetweecn the heers ef twselve ancd tceo o'cleck intheeigh,heyssumedeesogantieacnetin, nith the militareystantdiggeardeeroendeand int the State-heese. A guard of seldiers, furnished hy directin ef (Gocerccee Walher, wac stationted in the hell tight ted dey. On Tccesday, the ccI thc, thcis diseegenizieg nrgaeizatien went throegh with the perfereence ef expcelling feet delegatectwhe baednotnmetccith themottall,eand then cneee in e bent who tried herdtohbeelectedeas delegaes te the Censticutienel Con- eentin,hcuttdid not getevotes eogh, end coequ~tently Gen- eraltPope,altheoughpesed hard feoeekstoedo sodid net reetr thee ac elected. Theycthenotelegrapched Genteeal Meade thet they, ere etganied as the Constitutienel Ceonventin cf support the Cenctitetien ef the United Staes and proclamcationc eadetheeuendei. He had left soeten eos dretteoue. When these test eighteen eithdreee theee onre bet tenty- ten deletges left in the conentioc. IThece tenty-tcwe dele- fetes reeining in the ceocventien diligently apcylied thcemeelves tn the object fec cwhich they came tegether deecng the felleeing eeh. By takieg the pesent Floecda cocstctetcen, ted cmebing justsuch change- cnit astheealtered crcumcstences seemed te rqie n the 8thc dey of Febrcarteheyc fiecched thicr woee, fermedeandignedea gecod ceonscctetcee the8 bhee edjoureed fee ene neck, ie ecdcet firO ecicee to lat the conscttuton befoe General Meadeend getchisenoeetoef cthe etdcnance call- ingean eection,as it coldotbeeforcd owiteoct the genteral commacnding the district gace cvalcdtytecit by hcsenoemtent. When the ceceding delegates wicthdrew, the8, timeediately left the city ef Tallahccsee, fearing, crebably, if they ceeained, snmeefctheir eereberset, wet Iced been keytinoxicated ll the lie fee tee ceehc, ecightgetsoeheeeneghc end he icncuced to go heck inte the roentoen, ted tu mceke a quou of all the delegaes elected. The y repatired te Montieleo, soe thirty miltesdistant,entesegers adsecil tineecand money to try end gecher tegether the fegitice deteges, ehe bed yevi- eusly gene hoe. Theynreeeinedeway freomthe capitalean sentee eek, ted uecil cte cenentcien bed ceeylteed its theer foreed ceostietiecsignedi,tndeadjoened feraeeekto bees fete Geccerel Mteade. Thce cenventien adjourned en Seturdey, Februery 8. The folleeing Mcontdey, F~eruary on the seceding delegaes seeted, et midcsj/t, 22estrong. With the eid tf the mcilitery fernished by Governor Welker, they beebe into the Stae-h~oue et dead of night. C. M. Heceilton, until erytreentlyeagent in thceFeemn'sBueae, ted belieedhby noonst of the delegates to he stitt in commaend, eith poet te tenforce his orders, weoc end cook frome their bedc tee of tce dtltgetes eho bed elreaedy signed oct constituticon, took thee to the taet-housce, end, between the hcoers of twelve end two o'clock incthe night, ty essenedto orgenizet ceoncention, with the militytaendinggcuerdearoundand in the Stae-hbouse. A geeed of soldiers, feenished by directice ocf Goenocr Welker, ees stetioned in thebeallcnight end day. On Tuesdey, the teIch, this disorgenizingeorganieationwent throcgh with the performcence of expcelling feet delegatesewho hadenoteteiththemeetell, ted then seore in bie otto eho tried herdtohceelectedeas delegetces to the Constitutionel Con- vention,hbct did not getotces enoegh, end censecuetltyGen- eral Pope, althoughcpessedeard foreeks ce de so,didscot reunte selected. Theccvthenotlegreaphed General Meede that they were organized as the Conctitcucionel Convention of suport the Constitetionoof the United Staes end procleamations maeed thereunder. He bed left someeno deys yevious. When these lest eighteen cwithdree these ee hoc tenty. ceo detegaes left in the convention. These tenty-two deft. gaes remaining in the convention diligently apptlied themselvts to the object foe wch they cae t ogethcer dering the folloeing eek. Byceakingsthe yesenct Floride onsituio, end maceing jusschchbnge inite as heealtered cicuemctances seecmed so reqeire, on cte 8th day of Fceruary they ficihed tlceir worck, foreedand ignedeagood onsiteio. Tbhey theneadjoerned foe one weck, ice order to gice ticme to ley the constitution hefore Genteeal Mleade,eand gethisondorscentccof ticeeordinaonce cell. ingeanelection,easit couldnot beeocedoithoutctegenerel ccemmtoding the districtfeetvetvlidity to it Icy bit endoremnent. When the seceding deleges cwithdrew, they icoediately left the city ef Taillaheccee, feating, peohebly, if ctheyreeeined, soenof their eaeker ebersec, 000ha beeno kepct intcoxicated alI the time for tee teehe, mcightc get soeenoucghc andbeicdeced to go heck~ into the conenteion, accd thuc mcake a qccorumof all the delegateseslected. The) r etpeired to Mcoticell, soee thirty milsdisnt,csen esegesnd scil tinceoad mconey to try end gather together the fegitie deleges, eho bed yevi- eesly goehome. Theyremeieedeeeyfeomcthe cepitalean enlist eek, ted entil the conention bed completed its lebee, fermedeaeonsitutieon,igned is. end adjoetned foe a ottek 10 beet from fGeonel Meade. TI c conventiontadjourned on Saturdey, Febeetry 8. The followng Mtonday, February so, te seceding delegeces returned, et eaidogdt, teectrong. With the eid of the meilitery furnished by GIovernoe Welkee, they brokt into the Stae-hboese ec deed of eight. C. M. Hamoilton, eotil verynrecentlyeagent in the Feedmn's Beaue, end belieoed by mst of tht delegetes to be till in commaned, eith toen to enforce hiseordes, wenteand tookfromctheirsbedseocftce delegeses eho bed alreedy signed one constitcution, tok these to the Stete-house, end, bcecween the houes of teelve ted ceo e'clock in the eight, they essemed toeoganizee aceecnion, eith theemilitarytandinggucardeaoudand in the Scaesheoce. A guerd of soldiers, furnished by diceection of Governcor Walker, wes stetioned in the hell eight end deay. On Tuesday, the e th, chic disorganizing organizaion entl through with the yeeformace of excelling feet deleges eho hed noetwith themsaeeell,andctheneswoee in fivenen eho ttied hard tohbclectedeas delegaes so the Constitetionel Con- vention, butdid see getcvotes enough, end consequoently Gen- eral Pop,elthogh pesed heed fcreceeks to do so, did not returnetbee es elected. They theo telegreached Genteeal Moode thet they, weose organized es the Constitcutional Convenlion of  70 CAROPETBAGRUL I FL~ttORIDA. Florida, and had a large tmajority of the delegates elected and returned. General Meade hadhesitated to endorse the actiotnof the adjourned cotocentiottof aa delegates, foe the eeason that they bad oot a majoeity of the delegates elected to sign the coostito- lion. A majority of thote who hod duly taheo and sohsceihed to the oath, at required by the roleo, hod tigocd it. The gee- teral admitted to the messenger sent to confee teith him that the cotnvention, as feest organized, mat the only legal oeganiation, and said if tseomoenames could he ycocured tothe constit- tion heteoald ayeoee of is at once, and indotte the election ordinance. T 'he oeganization that held yossession of the holl continued in session therogh the weeh, setoding their yuhlished yroceed- ings to Genecal Meade, aod their geoss mtseeenetations hy telegeoph through the Attocioted yress oil oncer the country. Whcn the day areiced to wehich the regolarecoocention stood odjoorned, the delegates mete confronted on their en- trance to the hail nith hayonets of United States soldiers. Ayplication man then mode to Goneenor D. S. Walkcr, as the chief execotive ciil officee io the State, so hace all partiet areested ond remoced from the holl twho were hindering the eon- siuinlconvention from assemhling, and were therebhy ohstructingcreconstcuction in the Stote. He refosed to tahe any action in the motter in hehalf of the concention. ~ieutenant Colonel F. F. Flint, commoanding Foot of Tallohassee, not then informed that the ciil authoitieserefused to aid in securing the hall to the conention, and non ashed to ossiot the officers of the eonvention, wthh the militory ondee his commandin enceci ng nyon the diecharfe of their doties. He declined to interfee, hot heyt oy his guard aroond the concern then in the hall. The corretyondence upon this sthject it enclosed; also, correspodece with Gceeal Meade,aferehe arived atthe cp- ital. The commonicotions ace numheeed t, a, 3, 4, 5, and 6, and esyecial attention is called to them. Itmwillihe noticed that Gonecnor Wolher toys he shall ate oil the powee he yotsetes to pevent ooe yarty ejectiog the other feom the hail, wohich, of core en hthe should peotect the secedingevolotionary hody, as he hod helyed them to the possession of the holl, and they wee ccuyying it. Thuos it twill he seen that, hy the aid of Gocernor Walher and the military, the convention oat prevnented from assemhling on the day that it oat odjooroed to and the illegal midnight assemhlage mat protected, receiving the high sanction of the eiviliand militaryauthorities oftheftate. The coreesyondene twith Governoe Walher and Colonel Flint was on Satoeday, Fehruary t5. On Monday, the t17th, General Meade arrived at Tallahassee. A committee of delegates from the conventin Florida, and had a large majority of the delegates elected and retuned. General Meade had hesitated to endorse theoaction of the adjourned convention of aa2 delegates, foe the reason that they had not a majority of the delegates elected to sign the consttu- lion. A majoeity of those wnho hod daly tahen and suhterihed to the oath, as requiredhby the roles, had signed it. Thegett- eral admitted so the messengee ment to confer weith him thot the concention, ashfitt organized, non the only legal orgonization, and soid if twomore names coold he procured tothe constitn- tion he nould appeone of it at once, and indorse the election ordinance. The organizotion shot held possestion of the holl continned in tession through the neeh, setsding their puhlished proceed- ings to General Meade, ond these geoss mitrepresentations hy telegrayh theough the Atsocioted yress all ocver the country. When the doy areiced to twhich she regolarcconveotion stood adjonrned, the delegotes were confronted on their en- teance to the hall twith haponet of United Stoles soldiers. Application mat then mode to Gocernor D. S. Walher, as the chief eoecotice ciil officer in the Stote, to hone all poetics aerested ood remoned from the holl nho mete hindering the con- siuinlconvention from assemhling, ond were theebhy obhtructing recostrnction io the Stote. He refosed to tahe any action in the mottee in hehalf of the concention. ~ieutenont Colonel F. F. Flint, comosanding post of Tallohassee, moo then ittformed that the civil authorities refused to aid in securing the hall to the convention, and moo ashed to astist the officees of the concention, mith the militoty ondec his commood, in entering opon the dischoege of their dutiet. He declined to interfere, hot hept op his guard aecound the concern then in the hall. The correspondence Upon this tuhject is eclcosed; also, correspodencenwithGeealiMeade,oafterehearrived at the cap- ital. The cosmmunications areenumhered t, 2, 3,d4,5,and 6, and especialiattentionoiscalled tothem. Itnwillhe noticed that Governor Wolhee says he sholi one oil the powee he Fossesses to preent one party ejectigfthecotherefrom the hall,nwhich, of course, tmeans that he should protectsthe secedigeoltionary hody, on he hod helped thetm to the yassession of the hall, aod they mete occupying it. That it mill he seen that, hy the aid of Goveenor Walher and the militory, the convention not preenoted feom assemhling Ont the day that it not adjourned to aod the illegal midnight assemhlage was protected, receicing the high sanction of the ciniloandmilitaey authorities of the Sate. The correspondene weith Goceenor Walher and Colonel Flint non on Saturday, Feheuaey t5. On Msonday, the t17th, General Meade aerived at Tallahassee. A committee of delegates from she conventin 70 CREBGRL NFOIA Florida, and had a large majoeity of the delegates elected and eturned, Geneoal Meade had hesitated to endoese the action nf the adjourned convntion of 00 delegotet, foe the reason that they had oot a majority of the delegates elected to sign the constitut- tion. A majority of those nho hod duly tahen and sohsceihed to the oath, as requiredhbythe roles, had tigned it. The gen- eral admitted to the messengee sent to coofer mith him that the convention, as firt organized, was the onlyilegal organiaation, and said iftomoenames could he procuredto the constit- tion he noald approce of it at once, and indorse the election ordinance. The nrganioation thot held postession of the hail cootinoed in session through the weeh, sensding their puhlished proceed- ings to Geoeral Meade, and these geast misrepeesentations hy telegraph thraough the Associated Fees all oer the coontey. When the day oreiced to wehich she reguaroeconvenion stoad adjouroed, the delegates were confronted on their en- trance to the hail wcith haonets of United States soldiecs. Application nas thea made to (Gocernoe D. S. Walher, at the chief executice civil officer in the State, to hone aSl parties aerested and remoned from the holi nho nere hindering the con- siuinlconnention from assemhling, and were theebhy ohstructingeconstruction in the Stote. He refosed to tahe ony action in the mactee in hehalf of the conventin. Lieutenant Colonel F. F. Fliot, commaoding post of Tallahassee, moo then informedthat the cil authorities refusedtonaid in scoting the btall to the convention, and oat ashed to assist the officers of the eonvention, nith the miditary onder his commaod, in entering upon the dischaege of eheir duties. He declined to inteefee, hot heyt op his guard around the concern then in the hall. The correspondeceupothisshject is eoclosed ; alto, eoresepondenceowith GeneraiMeade, ahterhe arrivedat the caF- ital. The communscaonos ace numhered 1,2 ,4 ,ad6 and especial ateentionois called tothem. Itnillhbe noticed that Gonenoe Walhee says he shall ate all the pomer he postesses to pevent one potty ejecting the other from the hall, wehich, of tors, eans that hie should protect the seceding revolotionary hody, as he hod helped them to the potsession of the hail, and they were occsuping it. TIhto is mill he seen that, hy the aid of Gocernor Walhee and the militaey, the convntion non prenented from astemhling on the day that it mat adjourned to and the illegal midnight assemhlage weas protected, receiving the high sanction of the civil and military authoritietofthecState. The coreespondene with Goceenor Walhee and Colonel Flint mat on Saturday, Fehrary tS. On Monday, the t17th, General Meade aerived at Tallahassee. A enmmittee of delegates from the convention  CARPETBAG RULE IN FLORIDA. 7r waited upon hint at once to learn his stems. It was belieed that if the legally organized conv-ention weee peermitted so peace- ably assetmble in the hall weheee they tere to mees, enogh of thone men in the hall st-old cheerfully join with the twenty-twon delegates to make a majoeity of all elected. Indeed, many of the delegates in the hall said, "That as the oedinance provid- ing foe yoy of the membees had to be indorsed by the comtmand- ing General toneender it valid, and as the aothoritieo seesned to fat-or them, they thought it safee so remain with the oeganiza- tion than in thebhall so long as theymwee sustainedhbythe mili- tr.The committee foiling to get any satisfactory reyly feom the Geneeal,oandnundestanding himo to saysthat " the oeganization in the hall bad nto legal status, not could gel any," the Pesident of she coneention addressed the Geneeal a lettee, maeked No. Is asking him so mithdeaw the foecihle opyosition so the assembling of the conv-ention. No answeemwaseretuened ; guard was con- tinned in the hall and aeond the State-house aftee General Meade aeeived tee, nith the conceen he himself said had no legal status, in possession and in session. The neat day the General sent foe the Peesident and told him if he did ot resign as Peesidest of the conv-entios he should recognize the othee body as the legal oeganization. Colonel Syrague also sought a numbee of inteeviews with the Peesident and uegedlhimtoeresign, saying if he did not the othee hody woold be eecoguioed, asd then "you mill have to tabs youeechances of getting in theee at alt," (meaning the twenty- two delegates by you), tehile he (Colonel Syrague) with lbs tehole military powee mat peotecting the othee organization in possession of the boll. The President desieed General Meade to state his request shot he resign in weiting, wehich being com- plied with, the resignation teas tendered undee yrest. See letterefromGenerl Meade maeked No. 6, and enclosed theeein is the peoyosition to compeomise so wehich he refees, and also the Peesident's eesignation. As thee o'clock, on Tuesday, Febeuary 18, delegates all metsinthe hallbyequestof GenealMeade. Colonel John T. Speague bobk the peesident's chair. He catted the oneeting so order and made a speech so the delegates. He receit-ed and pot motions, and decided questions, while twco or theee of hia suboedinate officees of his omn eegimeotwereesitting asdele- gales, and coting on nmotions putbystheie Colonel. S. B. Con- ov'ee and W. J. yueman aee both officees in Colonel Speague's regiment,* and weee silting as delegates. Horatio Jenkins mat elected President. The standing totes, .N-. as an fe, and Cas..e -t ate Ct,, ben . eetnt CARPETBAG RULE INIFLOIDA. 71 wsaited upon him at once to leaen his t-iews. It teat believed that if the legally organised convention wee peenmitted so peace- ably assemble in the halt wee they teee t0 meet, enough nf thone men in the hall mould cheeefully join milk the twenty-two delegates so make a majority of all elected. Indeed, many of the delegates in the halt said, " IThat as the oedinance pent-id. ing fun pay of the membees had to be indorsed by the command- iog Generaltso render it volid, and as the authorities seemed so fat-os them, they thought it safes so eemain milk the oeganiza- lion than in the ball so tung as they wee sustained by the mili- tony. The committee failing to get any satisfactoey reply feom the General, and understanding him so say that "1the organization in the ball bad no legal status, noe could get any," the Peesident of lbhe coot-entlion addeessed the General a lettee, maeked NO. 5, asking bin to nithdeaw the foecible opposition to the assembling nf the conention. No answeeteasereturned ; guaedtwastcon- tinued in the ball and around the State-house aftee Geneeal Meadeaerit-ed theee, with the concern be himself said had Ro legal statns, in yossession and in session. The nextldaysthe General sentsfore bPresident and told him if he did nob eesign as President of the cont-ention hs should eecognize the othee body as the legal oeganization. Colonel Syeague also sought a nuonbee of interviews with the Peesident and ueged him to resign, saying if be did not sheaother body mould be eecognized, asd then " Iyou teill hat-e so tabs your chances of getting in these at all," (meaning lbe twenty- two delegates by you), tehile be (Colonel Syeague) with the wrhole militaey power oat peotecting the othee oeganization in possessionuof the boll. The President desieed GenealMeade to state his eequest that be resign in teriting, tehich being com- plied weith, the resuignation teas tendeeed andes protest. See letterefromGeneral Meadeomarked No. 6, and enclosed theein is the proposition so comysoonise so wbich he refees, and also the Peesident's resignation. At thee o'clock. on Tuesday, Februaey T8, delegates all met in thehallbyeqestf Geneal Meade. ColoetJohn T. Sprague bobk the peesident's chaie. He culled the meeting In oedee and made a speech to teedelegates. He eeceived and put onotions, and decided questions, tehile two oe theee of his suboedinate officers of his oten regimeut were sitting as dele- gates, and vt-uing on otions put by theie Colonel. S. B. Con- nt-er and W. J. Ptisman ae bosh officees in Colonel Speague's regiment,* and wee sitting as delegates. Horatio Jenkins teat elected Peesident. The standing eules, test.- - -5 not ffi,, nd~ Case, had alyeGe, , ,ntm& a- CARPETBAG RULE tN FLORIDA. 71 waited upon him at once to learn his views. It teas believ-ed that if the legally organised conntsioneee permitted to peace- ably assemble in the halt were they weree to meet, enough of thone mn in the halt mould cheerfully join with the twenty-stwo delegates to make a majoeity of all elected. tndeed, many of the delegates in the ball said, "That as the ordinance prot-id- ing forspay of the membersltad to beindosed byte command- ing General toerendereitsvalid, and as the authoeities seemedlto favoe them, they thoughtI it safee so remain with lbs organiza- lion than in the ball so long as they tese sustained by cbs mili- tr.The committee failing to get any satisfactory reply feom the General, and understanding him to say that "'the organiation tn the halt bad no legal status, Roe could get any," the President of lbe scoovt-stion addeessed the General a letter, maeked No 5, asking him so thsdraw the foecible opposition so the assembling of theconetio. No answterewaseeturned ; gurdwas con- tinued in the halt and around the State-house aftes General Meaderarrived ther, withlthe concern he himself said bad no legal status, in possession and in session. The nextlday the General sent for the President and told him if be did ot resign as President of the conventiin he should recognize the othee body as the legal organization. Colonel Syrague also sought a sumber of inteevietes teith lbs President and urged hion toesign, saying if he did not the other body would be recognized, and then " you teill bat-e so tubs yur chances of getting in thee as alt," (meaning she twenty. Iwo delegates by you), while he (Colonel Sprague) with the whole miitaey powee teas peotecting the othee organization in possessionuof lbe ball. The Peesidentldesired Geneal Meade to state his request that be esign in inriting, which being com- plied with, the resignation teas tendered undee protest. Seelettersfrom GeneralMeade marked N. 6,and eclosed therein is the proyosition to compeomise so which be refees, and also the President's resignation. At thee o'clock, us Tuesday, February sO, delegates all ones in lbs ball by request of General Meade. Colonel John T. Sprague took the president's chaie. He called the meeting so Order and made a speech so the delegates. Hetrecei-ed and pus motions, and decided questions, while Inn oe thee of his subordinate officers of his own regiment mee sitting as dele- gates, and voting on motions pot by their Culonel. S. B. Con- oer and W. J. Pueman ae both officers in Colonel Sprague's regiment,* and teestitling as delegates. Hoeatio Jenkins was elected President. The standing soles,  72 CARPFETBAG RULE IN FLORIDA. wehich had he Renanimtously adopted by the ctonceetin the secottdday after organizing, adwhich provided that taideotets cooldenot he atned nre chanedteithoutone day't tnotice, weealt smept ateayhby a retolution. Bty another teotionsthe eutet ef Jefferson's Manoal were adopted to goern the hody, and mithin a half her after the erules of thte Floeida Hoote of Repeentatives tere adopted Rndee the opeeatioo of the pe. vosqestion, teithout a wrd of dehate. All the mtitons wenade hy the samee delegate. All officees Rf the conven- tioR mete summtarily turned Reut byeresolution, aed allmoin aederesoluties were eushedtheoughosndee the precious qoe5. tieR twithout dehate. The previous questiont mat mtoeed and ordered forteeetimtewithinhalf an hou, adnietimes in rapid succession hy the samte delegate, without yielding the fleet. The journalttexttorneingdid not shetethat the pevos question had heeo oedeeed at all the day pevious, attd omnitted to give the teat ated Rays oR tlte meet imoretant eetolution acted uspon the day peous. Itwaneerderedthat tte jouenal he coe- rected, hot twhen it appeared again not torte thae half of the crrtections had hen tmade. Aftet thnat, dueing the entiee ses- sion, thereeeenoemienesof proceedings eveeeead to the con- vention noreappeoccdhby it. Itisa hmiliting fact that Rot a single page of tlte jornal, at poblishted abtee the reoreganization, it anything like a corect recoed of the proceedingt. OR Wednesday, February it, the day abtet the eeorgaeiza- tioe, the conventionstet and tendee the operatin of the tame inexoeahle previots quettion, expelled foer delegatet by a mtajor- ity note. They then emote itt feat others in theie places, who had receivedbut a small mitnority of the votes catt at the elec- tin, one teceiving eely ninte totes, mhile the delegate tanned otto giee ploce to him hadtmentty-fourehuntdredandtweny- fousr votet. They alto swoee in a Mt. J. %V'. Buter it place of George IV. Walher, who had beee retsttted as elected, hot had oteyethbeei attendance. Generalltteade had snid when in Tallaheatsee, that if the cottvention shousld sotar any one ie who watnoteretured aselectedhbyGeeral Pope'srtde, he should interfere. .Bsst Mrl. Johe IV'. Btler, 0. B. Hott, J. E. Dlavid- toe, MLJ. Stearns, M. -- Wells,owere all sworn it sso as the General left tile city, and actedewithstecotscestionstotil its close, and ttetn signed the constitation. 'Thns, eith tine aid of all tilse civil and mnilitary authortities, aed a free use of etotey, tchinsy, and the prteciouts question, tilteeregttlarConstitutiottalContventionof Florida wan hrokent tsp by the Johson Federal otfice-holders, led on hy Harrison Reed, United States mail agenst, and Dacid S. Wle,fGoernor of Flotida. After ltst adoytiOss Of tlse constitsstion an ordioaece man wehich had heen uoaninmansly adopted by the conveotinn the secnnd day aftet oeganizing, and mhich procided that told totes could not be ameeded not changedmithoutone day's notice, mete all smept amayhby a restolotion. By another ntotion the tales nf Jefferson'n Manal mere adopted to goveen the body, andmwihio ahalf hoortafter theessles of else Florida Houte of Represtentatices mete adopted under the operation of the prte- vouso qssestion, mithout a woed of debate. All the mottoes mere made by the name delegate. All officers of lbhe conven- tion werensummarily turned out by resolutionand all motions aodeesoluons mete rshtedthroughbander the pevious ques- tieR mithout debate. The previosoo qustion man toted attd ordered fourttees titmeswithtin half an hour,antd nine timtesin rapid succession by the same delegate, mithoot yielding the fleet. The journalstexltmoeniog didonot sowotatthe peviso questionthadhbeen ordered at all teeday peious, attd omitted to flute the yeas and rays oR tlse mstt important resolutios acted utpon the day peiou. Itmatodered tsattse journtal be co- tected, bet when it appeared again tsot ttore than half nf the correctios had been tmade. After Itat, dotieg else eotire ses- nion, there mete no minutes of proceedings ecer eead to the con- ventionnor approccdhby it. Itisahumiliating fact thatsnot a single page of ile jounal, as publitshed after tbe reorganization, is anything like a coreect record of ltst proceedings. On Wednesday, February eq, the day abtet the reorganiza- tion, the conenion tet andunderthe operation of the sanme inexorable previoos qaestion, expelled font delegates by a majne. ity vote. They then smote in foot others in themr places, mho hadereceivedhbut asmall minoritynof lbe evotes cast at theelec- tin, one rteceicing Rely ste cones, while the delegate turned otto gice place tn him had twenty-foaur hundred andemeenty- fossr eaten. They also smote iR a Me. J. W. Batler is place nf George IV. Walbe, who hod been reetred an elected, hot bad notyet been in attendance. Geseral Meade had said wenn Tallahassee, that if tecoetion should smear any one in wine was notretuned aselectedhby eneal Pope's order, he should interfee.. Bsst Me. John IW. Batler, 0. B. Hart, J. E. David- non, M..t . Stearnts, Mt. -- WXells, w~ere all sorn it as neon as the General left the city, and acted wthl tint coenetion until its clone, and eten tsigned teconstitution. Thus,nwiettheaid of all thte civ'il andnmilitary authoitie, anda fee se ofoney,nwhisky,and teeiosqesion, the regular Costitatiottal Concention of F~loridatcas broken up1 by the Johtnson Federal office-holders, led otn by Haerison Reed, United States mail agettt, and Dlavid S. Walbee, Gocerneor of Florida. Aftee ts adcoptions of tile conttustion an ordinance man whichn had been unanimounly adopted by the conventin the second dayafter organizing, andmwhichbprncided that saiderules cooldenot he amnended not changedmwithoot one day's notice, mete all swept awayhby a renolution. By anotheetetotionethe totes of Jefferson's Manoal mere adopted to govrn the body, and mithio ahalf hour after the essles of thte Florida Honse of Repeentatives mee adopted undee the operation of the pe. visons qusestion, mithout a mord of debate. All the motions wete made by the same delegate. All officers of the concen- tion mete summarily turned 001 bytesolution, and all meotions aodeolios note runsedtssosghounder the previous ques- tioe mithosst debate. The pevtous question man tovced and ordered fourteen timesmwitnin half an hsonr,asd nine times in rapid succetsion by the name delegate, mithout yielding the Sloot. The journal next mning did not shom that the pevious quettios had been ordered at all the daypeions, ated omitted en glee the yeas and Rays ott else ntost imyortant esolution acted upon tledaypeiouts. Itmwas ordered tsat tejoaurnal be cor- rected, hut when it appeared again Rot ort than half of the coretions had bees snade. Abtet that, dssring the etirle nes- nion, there mere no msinutes of proceedinegs ecer read to the con- ention norapproedsby it. tis ahmiliang fct that not a tingle page of the journal, an pablishsed abterthlbe reorganizatin, in anything like a correct record of the proceedings. On Wednesday, Febroary eq. the doy yafter te reorganiza- elan, the conention metland tnsderethe opertaion of the name isexorable pevious question, expelled foot delegates by a major- ity vote. They then smote is feat others in their places, mho hadereceived bnta small minoityof the votes cast at the elec- tin, one receiving otly nine votes, ohile the delegate turnsed ot to glee place to hits hadtwensty-fouertsstdredasd tmety- foutr notes. They also nmore ie a Mt. J. IN'. Ballet is plae nf George IW. Wsalke, mwno had been retunesed as elected, hot had not yet beensio attendance. GenteralltMeade had said when in Tallahansee, that if the coneetion shoold tweat any ose in who weas noteretorsed as elected by General Pope'snorder, he shoald interfere. ,Bsst AMt. John IV. Butler, 0. B. Haet, J. E. Dav'id- son, M.., Stearns, Mrl. -- Wells, were all smworn in sso as thne Gesneral left else city, and acted wcith the conenetione util its close, aod theo signed te ecostitution. 'Thus,nwith teaid of all tine civil atd miitary authoities, and a free ssse of mtossey, whisky, and the peviosquestios, the regultarCostitationsal Convention of Florida lean broken sun by the Johsn Federal office-hlders, led on by Harrisos Reed, United Stones mail agent, and Dlacid S.'tWalkser,oertnor of Florida. After tile adoptions of tlse constitustion an ordinance wan  CARPETBAG RULE IN FLORIDA. 73 CARPETBAG RULE IN FLORIDA. 73 CARPETBAG RULE IN FLORIDA. 73 introduced Rnd posted thatanyomemobewho did notoignthe constitution should he depeived of his poy for the entiresessonR. See loot day'o proceedings5. The constitutioR peovides that the Goveeore shall appoint the following Stote officers, viz: Secretary of Stote, attorey general, comptroller, treeasurer, suoevoe-geoeral, supeeiotecdeot of puhlic institutions, adjutont geneoal, Coottoojonee of iemeigeo- tiRE, the Supeoe Cooet judges for l~ife, sevenecicuit judges, sevnR states attor~e, and otl commeissioned officers in the moititio. Lieutenant Governor it elected. The GAoeras appoints, w'ith power to remote at pleasure, the followng county officers in each county in the State, Tic: An assesor, collector, treasureer,county surveyo, soperioteodent ofschoolo, coonty joudfe, sheriff, cleek of Circucit Court, fice county commisitoners, andas many justices of the peoce as he pleases, and for lif. Constahles ort elected hy the people. By the appointmtent provided foe io soid constitution, letss thanonReforthof theregfiteed votes will elect a majority of the Stote Seoote, and lest than one-third woill elect a matjority of the Astembhly; 6,700 votees io the rebel counties elect as mnAy senators((twelveand one Indian) as2,282otestelect inUion cotiet. Seven senatoes are elected hy 3,007 coters iR rehel counties, and only oneseatoe is elected by 3, 18 1 in a Union county (LeoR), and tenteey-three votees elect onse senaor iR a rehel, district. In the Assemhly, 8,330 voters iR rebhel counties choose teet-setien memhees and one Indian, twhile 18,652 vtlers in UnionEcounlies osly choose tety-six moemhers. Modisoncoonty (Union), with 1,802 votees sends teo repreesentatices, while the rebhel tent from Dade county hot o constituency of fiteen voters, asdltheehel from Breeed countyerepresentsaonaB ofde cn stituency of eight registeeed voters. It geants soffrage to, and removes all disahilities feoml, the vilestreehelsoand hatersof the goveenment, ood peemits them 10 he elevatedto places of powerand tst, without eegard to the reconstructioR acts of Cosgeess, and disfronchines thousands of the coloeed votees. All gehelt areeelieved fromo tahing the regitreation oath that Congress hot presceihed, ond froml tahing the oath of office prescriedhbythe actlof Coresandeqired of ecery officer onder the Geoeral Government. Itlalso ttsumes to egulate the eligihility of Unitedl States senators ood meoerse of Congress from that Stole. The constitution hocing heett for-med in the otooner aooe descrihed, it is evident that means seill he found to ratify it withoutlregaedlto thenumbher ofsvotes actually cast foreit, should thehboaeds of registeation he in ony maonner ondee the costrol of the men who heoke op the conveotion. inteodoced otd posted thot aoyoteomhee who did notsign the conttitution shoold he depriced of hit poy foe the entie session. See lost day's peoceedingt. The costtution procides thot the Governor sholl appoint the follooing Stote officers, viz: Secretary of Stote, attoeney geeral,comptroller,tesuee, soreeoe-gecceol, supertntendent of pohlic institotiots, adjutant geneeal, csootiiictnet of iomoigea- tion, the Sopreme Cooet judges for lift, tevenocicuit judges, seven statet attorneys, ocd all comm~issioned officers io the militia. Lieutenant Gocercoe is elccted. The Goserncrals appoints, with poswee to remcove at pleasote, the following county officees it each county in the Stole, viz: AR assessor, collector, treeasureer,county sureyo, superitendent ofchools,tounty jodge, Eheriff, clerh of Ciecuoit Court, ficecoooty commtissioners, andas mnty jostices of the peace as he pleases, andfforlif. Constahles are elected hy the people. By the appoinItent provided foe is said constitution, lest than one-fourth oftheeregitered voters will elect o maojority of the StateSenate,and lesshaone-thirdtcill elect anmajority of the Assenmhly; 6,700 Noters iln the rehel counties elect as emany senators (twelve ood one Indian) as 2o, z82voters elect in Union counties. Seven senatoes Ole elected hy 3.027 Notees ins rehel coontieood only ooesenaloe is elected hy 3, 18 1 in a Union county (Leon), ond teety-tdeee votees elect one senator in aoehel district. In the Assenmhly, 8,330 voters in rehel coonties choose twny-oeen nmenmbers ond one Indian, while i5,652 votees in Union counies only choose tenty-s'ix noemhees. Madison county (Union), with i,8o2 votees sends 1w,, repeesentotives, while the reehelsentfrom Dade coontyhas acontituency of eifteeetvoters, and theehel from Breecd countyeepesenlts Obondjf con- stituency of eight eegisteeed voter. It geants soffrage to, and removen oll disahilities feom, the Nilest rehels ond hatees of the goveenment, ond peemitn them to he elevated to places of powee ond trust, without regaed to the eeconsteuction octs of Congenn, and dinfeanchiten thousands of the coloed votees. All gehels aee relitved feom taking the regitration oath that Confest hot pescrihed, and feom tohing the oath of office prescrihedhby the oct of Congess ond eequieed of eveey officee ondee the Genteral Goveenment. Itolsoonnomen In egolate the eligihility of United Stoten senaorse ond memheen of Congeess from that Stole. The contituon hoving heen foemed in the manner aoe descrihed, it is evident that meonn will he found to eatify it withouteregardtoltheonumheeofvotes actlolycastfoei,nhold thehboaedsof eegisteation he in any monnee ondee the conteol of the men who heohe op the convenlion. inteodoced ood potted that any memhee who did not sign the constitution should he depeived of his pay for the entieensestion. See last days peoceedings. The constitution peocides that the Governor shall appoint the following Stole officees, vit: Secetaey of State, attoeney general, comptrollee, teasueee, toevevoe-geneol, superintendent of puhlic institutions, adjutant general, commiiionee of imtoigea- lion, the Supeeme Court judges for lfe, sevencircuit jodges, seven stales attorney, ond all commissioned officees io the militia. Lieutenant Governor is elected. The Governortls appoints, with power to renmove at pleasure, the following county officersieach county in the State,Tviz: An assessor, collecto, teasuer, county soeveyoe, soperioteodent of schools, county judge, sheif, cleeh of Circoit Coort, fivecounty comomisstoners, andas many justices of the peace as he pleases, and for lif. Constahles are elected hy the people. By the appointment peocided foe is said constitution, letss thaone-fourth ofth~eegiseredcotes will elect a maojority of the Stole Senate, ond less than one-third tcill elect o majoeity of the Assemhly; 6,700 votees is the rehel coonties elect as mony senators (twelveoand oneIndian)s2,28 oteeselect in Union counties. Seceo seoatoes oee elected hy 3,007 votees in reee countiesand only toesteor iselected hy 3,181 in a Union county (Leon), ond twoentytree voterstelect one senaor in a rebhel disteict. In the Assemhly, 8,330 votees in rehel coonties choose teen-eeen memhers ond one Indian, while 18,612 voters in Unincoo nien only choose tment),os memhees. Modisoncoonty (Union), with 1,500 votees tends Inst eepeesentatives, while the rehel tent from Dade coonty has aoconstituency of if/tte Toters, and theehel from Seeed coontyeepresentsn o na fde con- stituency of eight eegisteeed voters. It geonts suffrage 10, and removes oll disahilities from, the viletebhelstond hatees of the governmen, and permits them to he elevatedlto places of poweroand teust, without regard to the econstruotion acts of Congeess, and disfranchises thosands of the coloeed coters. All gehelt ae relieved from tahing the eegistration oath that Congeess has peesceihed, and from tohing the oth of office peescrihed by the oct of Congess and required of every officee undee the Geneal Goerenment. It also assomes to regulate the eligihility of United Stotes senators and memhees of Congeess from that Stole. The contituon hoeing heen foemed in the manner aoe descrbe, il istevident that means will he foond to eatify it withoutlegardtolthe numerofsoesactually castfori, nhoold thehboardsof registration he in any maoner undee the conteol of the men who heohe op the convention.  74 CARPET-BAO RULE IN FLORIDA. The constitution foemed by the legally ot-gantzed conen- teen before itwas brokenoup extends the right of suffrage to just thelassoenitled to itoonder theeeonstruction actsnof Congress, ondereqoireteoficrstto tke the soome oath now prescribed for officers ooder toe Groerol Goverotmeot, hot aothorioes the lrgis- lature by a vete of twothirds to remooe oll disobitities reposed foe baviog rogoged io the rebrltioo. tt opportioostrepeet- tivet io the Legisltre eepon the basis of registred voteet; mookes o// Stote officert, except the jodiciory, sod moooy cooso officert, electirerhy the peopte, aod jeaouoly goords and protets the eights ood inrerests of atl classes io the Stote otihe. Hod the rooctiocf sochhighoouhority, bethcivit ormitry, hero thremn oround the tegolty ergonized cooention, or termed ro be so eogerly extended to the omidoight concero, thre coo he no qoestoocbutmwhot accersioos meotld thur hov eerindocedrto their comber, so thor o very oarge mojority of the coenrtion moold hose cherfolty co-oproted mith she tweety-tmo delegates in formingoand sigingroidcosottuto. When me, with so mooh pride, recolleet shot Georal Meode is the heeo of Gettysboeg, it more sot he forgotteo thar hr is homon, atso, ond foltibte; ond shot he ts more lioble to mohe a mistoke in deoliog mith civid offoirs, oh en sorounded by desigciog, ucscropoloos, intriguing peliticiocs, short hr is in his profession or o soldier. Thot he shootd cot horrorus- toined she organizotion he himself hod before recognizedoas legol ond regolor, inseaod of breaohing it op, mos ondcoubtedly a grese mistohe. Colonel Sprogue, commander of the Stote, ohose advie i relotion to oil lootl mattermustnecessarily haegret meight misS she Generol, is is thoroogh sympothy with she mnoet coneseaivonscrervoies to the Store. Hr hot possed throoghethree more mithout being in either, hoeing osked ond chtoioed a position on Governor Seymour's staff dosing she lost war, mbile his regiment moe in the field. Foe a trothfol ond mere grophic occoont oftshe Flcrido con- vnidsee the letters cf Solon Robinsoc, one of she editors, in the NewmYorkhTriboneof the fish, tcthoand tosth of Februarp lost. Also see editoriol in she Tribone of the roth, folly sus- tainicg ond icdorsing whot Mr. Robinoc hod mritern. Yoor memorioticts prop thot Congress may, in its wisdom sod iR viewocf oil she Pocts ret forth aove, Sond shot she constitu- tion formed by she twenty-tmo delegots who remained ond com- pleted their work before she convention was broken op is the only one shot shoold he suhmitted so the ecters of thor State foe ratificotion, D. RICHARDS, W. U. SAUNDERS. 74 CARPETBAG RULE INFLRIA The constirution formed by she legally orgonized conven- tion before itmws broen up extends the right of suffrage to just she closs rentitled to it outder she reconstruction acts of Congress, and requoiresOficerssto robe the some oth coo prescribed for officers order te General Govercment, bet oothorizes the legis- lorore by o rote of too-thirds to remoce all disobilities imposed for hovicg engoged in the rebellioc. Is apportions represents- tiest is the Legislotore opon the boris cf registred eoters; makes s// Store officers, encept she jodiciory, ood macp ccounty officers, electivecby the people, and jealoosiy goardsond proteersrthe rights acd inteests of oil classes in she State olihe. Hod the soncio of soch high aothority, both civid or militory, been thromnesroond she tegally organized cono-ention, os seemed to be so esgerly extended to the midcight concern, there can be no qoestcoc hot whot accessions woold thor hose hero ioduced to their nombr, so shots acery lorge majority of the coenotion mooed hoe cheerfolly co-operoted mith the tmenty-tmo delegotes be formingoandoigningsid consitioo. When me, with so moch pride, recollect that Geceral Meade is the hero of Gettysborg, is most net he forgotten that be is homoc, aso, acd follible; sod shot he es more liable so make a mistobe in dealing mith riovil offairs, wben serrounded by designing, unscrupuloos, intriguing politicions, thon he is inchis professioc osoa soldier. Thor hr shoold cot hoe sus- tained the organioation he himself hod before recognsized or legal acd regulor, insead of beakicg it op mas ondoobtedly a great misake. Colonel Spragoe, cocmmoder ofthe Stote, whoseradvie in reltioooall leo-si moters mustoneesrroily hav-egreat meight mith the General, is in thoereugh sympathy mith the mostoconsrveatioerconservatieesecnhh Store. He hot passed throogh three mors mithrort being in either, hacing asked sod chromned a position oc Goerncor Seymour staff doring she lost mar, while his regiment mar in she hield. Foroatruthfulocndmoegraphic accoucr oftshe Florida con- vninsee she letters of Solcn Robicson, one of the editors, in the Neo YorkhTribunerof thefth, ith and ratS of February lost, Also see editoriol in the Tribooe of she sorb, fclly sus- taining and indorsng whot Me. Robinson hod written. Yoor memoriolists prop thot Cocgress may, in its wisdom aod in viem cf sit the focrs ret forth obove, hond shot the consrtt- tion formed by the tmenty-tmo delegares who remoined an o plered their mork before the conovectioc mar brokeo op is the onely ose thor should he sobmitted to the voters of thot State foe ratification, D. RICHARDS, W. U. SAUNDERS. 74 CARE-BAG RULE IN FLORtDA. The cocstitotion formed by the legolly organized enoen- tior before itosas brohenoup esterds the right of suffrage so just the doass entitled to it oader the reconstruction acts of Congress, onreqoiresofficeessto robe the some oath com presoribed for Officers coder see Genraol Govrernmeot, hot aothcrizes the legis- latue by o rote cf to-thirds to remove oil disabilities imposed foe hoe ing engaged in the rebellicon. Is apportions represents- ties in the Legislatoe opon the bosis of regitteed votrs; mahes all State officers, eocept the jodiciary, ond macp county cficers, electiveby the people, sod jeoloosly goords ood protects the eights sod interests of all classes in the Store olibe. Hod she soncion ofrsuch high outhority, botho-cilcormiliary, been thrown around she legally organized conention, as seemed to be sooeagerly exteodedroshe midoightscocer, shee con be no qoestioncbutowhotaccessions moeuld ths he beeniducedsto their oumber, sc that a ory large mojority of the convession moold hoe cheerfolty co-opraoted misS she twentp-to delegates ire formingocndsigniog sid constituton. Whes me, mith so moch pride, recollect that General Meode is she hero of Gettysburgit moss sotbe forgotten thar he it homan, alsc, sod fallible; ond that be es more liable to make o mistake irs dealing with ciedl affairs, mhencouroucded by desigcing, oncrupuloos, inrigung politicians, than he is iR his profeosion or o soldier. Thor hr shonld nor hoe sus- taired she orgacizotioo he himself Sod before ecognized as legal and regolar, inseod of broaking itup, mas undoobtedly ogeat mristake. Colonel Spragoe, commacder of the Store, mhose adeice in relatioo to oil localmatrsrmstnecessrily hav-egreat weight owith the Geoeral, is is thoroogh sympathy with she mostconervtiv coseratie n the Store. Hr has passed throughbthree more without being in either, having osked and chromned o position on Goerncor Seymoor's staff during the tart war, wthile his regiment mos in the hield. Poe a truthful ocd more graphi- accoont ot the Florida con- eticri see the letters of Solon Robison, one of she editors, in she NemfYorkTrfiuneof the fish, sorb and ro2th of Februory loss, Also see editorial in she Tribore cf she roth, folly sus- taining and indorsing whot Me. Robinon hod written. Yoor msemorialists pray thor Conress may, in its wisdom and in vew of all she facts see forth abore, find that the constitu- ticn formed by she toenty-tmo delegates info remoined asd com- pleted their work before she convenion oar broeefe op is the only one shoe should be submitted to the corers of that Stare for ratification. D. RICHARDS, W. U. SAUNDERS.  CARPETBAG RULE IN FLORIDA-. 75 CARPETBAG RULE IN FLORIDA-. 75 CARPETBAG RULE IN FLORIDA-. 75 Governor Reed, although prominently spoken of for Gov- ernor by the most influential Republicans, was not attached to either faction of the convention, but gave his earnest efforts, while securing the rights of freedmen to prevent proscription of the whites on account of the rebellion; but the Osborn-Purman faction reahzed the fact that they could not succeed without his brain, and looked upon him as the only means by which they could hope to obtain success. They privately expressed fears that he would not be as pliant as they would desire in aiding their schemes of plunder, but could find no other alternative. The memorial, therefore, does not state what is true when it asserts that Harrison Reed took part in the canvass to defeat recon- struction on the republican basis. Both parties were bidding for Democratic support, which was finally knocked off to the Osborn faction. The Hon. Charles Summer vigorously opposed the admission of the State into the Union under this Osborn constitution. He declared upon the floor of the Senate that "Florida should not be admitted until she came with clean hands." Governor Reed being the supposedcandidate of the Osborn faction for the office of Governor, it was but natural that the Richards faction should attempt to place him in the most awk- ward position before Congress; hence his name heads the list with those whom they charge with defeating reconstruction on a repulican basis. There was some money spent, and many concessions made to the Democrats by the Osborn faction, to overthrow the Richards convention, as charged in the memorial. Reed was mainly instrumental in procuring those concessions, as he believed in the professions of future loyalty to the Union, and regarded it necessary to enlist the intelligent class in behalf of the reconstructed government to protect the State against mis- rule through the ignorance of the newly enfranchised freedmen. He favored an apportionment of the Legislature so as to secure the sparsely settled white counties against the domination of the populous black belt; he favored the admission of all to citizenship, with no test but that of allegiance to the amended constitution; he favored the appointing power of the Governor to general and local offices, temporarily, to save the State from a threatened war of races which would banish the whites from Governor Reed, although prominently spoken of for Gov- ernor by the most influential Republicans, was not attached to either faction of the convention, but gave his earnest efforts, while securing the rights of freedmen to prevent proscription of the whites on account of the rebellion-, but the Osborn-Purman faction realszed the fact that they could not succeed without his brain, and looked upon him as the only means by which they could hope to obtain success. They privately expressed fears that he would not be as pliant as they would desire in aiding their schemes of plunder, but could find no other alternative. The memorial, therefore, does not state what is true when it asserts that Harrison Reed took part in the canvass to defeat recon- struction on the republican basis. Both parties were bidding for Democratic support, which was finally knocked off to the Osborn faction. The Hon. Charles Summer vigorously opposed the admission of the State into the Union under this Osborn constitution. He declared upon the floor of the Senate that "Florida should not be admitted until she came with clean hands." Governor Reed being the supposed candidate of the Osborn faction for the office of Governor, it was but natural that the Richards faction should attempt to place him in the most awk- ward position before Congress; hence his name heads the list with those whom they charge with defeating reconstruction on a repulican basis. There was some money spent, and many concessions made to the Democrats by the Osborn faction, to overthrow the Richards convention, as charged in the memorial. Reed was mainly instrumental in procuring those concessions, as he believed in the professions of future loyalty to the Union, and regarded it necessary to enlist the intelligent class in behalf of the reconstructed government to protect the State against mis- rule through the ignorance of the newly enfranchised freedmen. He favored an apportionment of the Legislature so as to secure the sparsely settled white counties against the domination of the populous black belt; he favored the admission of all to citizenship, with no test but that of allegiance to the amended constitution; he favored the appointing power of the Governor to general and local offices, temporarily, to save the State from a threatened war of races which would banish the whites from Governor Reed, although prominently spoken of for Gov- ernor by the most influential Republicans, was not attached to either faction of the convention, but gave his earnest efforts, while securing the rights of freedmen to prevent proscription of the whites on account of the rebellion; but the Osborn-Purman faction realzed the fact that they could not succeed without his brain, and looked upon him as the only means by which they could hope to obtain success. They privately expressed fears that he would not be as pliant as they would desire in aiding their schemes of plunder, but could find no other alternative. The memorial, therefore, does not state what is true when it asserts that Harrison Reed took part in the canvass to defeat recon- struction on the republican basis. Both parties were bidding for Democratic support, which was finally knocked off to the Osborn faction. The Hon. Charles Summer vigorously opposed the admission of the State into the Union under this Osborn constitution. He declared upon the floor of the Senate that "Florida should not be admitted until she came with clean hands." Governor Reed being the supposedcandidate of the Osborn faction for the office of Governor, it was but natural that the Richards faction should attempt to place him in the most awk. ward position before Congress; hence his name heads the list with those whom they charge with defeating reconstruction on a repulican basis. There was some money spent, and many concessions made to the Democrats by the Osborn faction, to overthrow the Richards convention, as charged in the memorial. Reed was mainly instrumental in procuring those concessions, as he believed in the professions of future loyalty to the Union, and regarded it necessary to enlist the intelligent class in behalf of the reconstructed government to protect the State against mis- rule through the ignorance of the newly enfranchised freedmen. He favored an apportionment of the Legislature so as to secure the sparsely settled white counties against the domination of the populous black belt; he favored the admission of all to citizenship, with no test but that of allegiance to the amended constitution; he favored the appointing power of the Governor to general and local offices, temporarily, to save the State from a threatened war of races which would banish the whites from  76 CARPETBAG RULE IN FLORIDA. the old slave-holding counties and the freedmen from the white counties of South and West Florida. He was held responsible for these concessions, and was denounced by the radical leaders of the freedmen, and the colored vote of Duval, Nassau, Leon and Gadsdencounties was mostly thrown against him and the constitution. It was only by these concessions that the conflict- ing elements could be at once harmonized and the State pro- tected from violence and the necessity of military force. The result vindicated his judgment, and during the four and a half years of his administration no resort to force was necessary, and the freedmen were less proscribed than during the early stages of reconstruction in any other Southern State. 76 CARPETBAG RULE IN FLORIDA. the old slave-holding counties and the freedmen from the white counties of South and West Florida. He was held responsible for these concessions, and was denounced by the radical leaders of the freedmen, and'the colored vote of Duval, Nassau, Leon and Gadsden'counties was mostly thrown against him and the constitution. It was only by these concessions that the conflict- ing elements could be at once harmonized and the State pro- tected from violence and the necessity of military force. The result vindicated his judgment, and during the four and a half years of his administration no resort to force was necessary, and the freedmen were less proscribed than during the early stages of reconstruction in any other Southern State. 76 CARPETBAG RULE IN FLORIDA. the old slave-holding counties and the freedmen from the white counties of South and West Florida. He was held responsible for these concessions, and was denounced by the radical leaders of the freedmen, and the colored vote of Duval, Nassau, Leon and Gadsden-counties was mostly thrown against him and the constitution. It was only by these concessions that the conflict- ing elements could be at once harmonized and the State pro- tected from violence and the necessity of military force. The result vindicated his judgment, and during the four and a half years of his administration no resort to force was necessary, and the freedmen were less proscribed than during the early stages of reconstruction in any other Southern State.  CHAPTER VII. .Thte eeing of the S egiture ofz868. Inaguratiostof Governor -Reed, and His Address. Rahsfcation of the i~th and iroh Amtendmoets so the Coenstitution of the United States. Etdon of United Stoles Senators. Extracts fromn Reed's Message. Goserno,' Reeds Cabinetl. Fiest Year-s of.Reed's Adoinistra- lion. His Appointing Poswer a Sosaeoe of Corruption. Car- raipt Legislation. The Altitude of the Colored Mfemese to These Mesrs Osborn and the Federal Office-holders. -Reed Calls on the Colored Voters for Support. Meeting of the Legislature ,Voventder, z868, and the Appointmvdn of Riettor. Attemtnp at Imnpeachent. The Ouster of Alden and the Appointenn of Gibls as Seorelory of Slate. The Ouster of Gleaon as Lieatenant-Governor. The Legislature met and organioetd on the 8th day of June, 1868, ander a constitatiott feamed by the people of Florida in a convention assembled by the authority of what is known an the reconstraction auts of the Congeess of the United Staten. On the 9th of Jane the joint Assembly repaired to the Supreme Coot raom tawitness the inaagaration of the fist Goernor of Florida, whose election had been secueed by a majority of all the male inhabitants of the State, twenty-one yeuss of age and apwards, withaateregaed to coloe or previous condition oftservi- tade. Gov-eoe Reed came foeward and was sworn in as Gov- ernor of Florida by judge Boynton, of the United States District Court amids tthe shoots of thousandt of glad people who nown began to see the dawn of a new day. Aftee tubing the oath of office the Goveeor delivered the following FELLOWmCITZNSOF FLORIDA " In entering upon the high toast which your partiality has confeeeed, in deference ta time-honored custom, it hbscomes my duty to briefly indicate the policy of my administration as chief magitrate of the State. CHAPTER VII. The iteeting of the Legislature ef 1868. Inaoguration of Gecernor Reed, and His Address. -Rattfostionoef the r3th and 1,d Amendments to the Constitution of/the Unted States. Rdeotion of United Stoles Senators. Rxtrscts from Reed's Mlessage. Governor -Reed's Cabinet. First ears of.Reed's Adminsistra- tisn. His A4ppointing Power a Souroce of Corraption. Cer- ropt Legislation,. The Attitude sf the Colored Members to These Measures. Osborn and the Federal Office-holders. -Rood Calls ott the Coloed Vsters for Support. Meeting ef the Legislature Nocember, z868, and the Appointment ef Elecors. AttemptI at Impeachment. The Ouster of Alden and the Aptpointment of Gills as Socretary of State. The Ouster of Gleason as Lieutenant- Governor. The Legislature met and organized on the 8th day of June, 1868, uoder a constitutioo framed by the people of Florida in a convention usnembled by the aotbority of what is known as the reconstruction acts of the Consgrets of the United States. On the 9th at Jane the joint Ansembly repaired to the Supreme Courteroom towitness the inauguration of the frst Governor of Florida, whose election hadbeenosecared by a majority of all the male inhabitants at the Sate, twenty-one yeuss of age and upwards, withoateregardto color or preveiousncondition of sri- tude. Goveetor Reed came forward andwassworn inas Gov- ernor of Florida by judge Btoynton, of the United States District Coort amidst the shots of thousands of glad people who now began to see the dawn of a new day. After taking the Oath of office the Governor delivered the following FELLOW CITIEtNS Or FLaORIDA: " In entering upon the high trnot which poor partiality has conferred, an deferec to time-honored custom, it becomes my duty to briefly indicate the policy at my administration as chief magintrate of the State. CHAPTER VII. The Meeling of the Legislature of z868. Inauguration of Goverenor Reed, and His Address. Raofoation of the 13th and 141kh Amendmeats to Ct Constitution of tde Unted Slates. Rdeotion of United States Senaors. RExtracts frm -Reed's Mfeosage. Gov'ernor Reed's Cabinet. First Years of -Reed's Adesinistra- lion. His Appointing Power a Source of Corruption. Cor Capt Legsslatio. The Altitude of the Colored Memobers to These Measures. Osborn and the Federal Offtce-hrolders. ,Reed Cols on the Colored Voters for Suppiort. Meeting of the Legisloare Xoebev, j868, and the Appeiioment of Electors. .Attempt at Impeachrment. The Ouster of Alden and the Appintment of Gibbs as 'Secretary of State. The Ouster of Gleason as Licalenan-Governor. The Legislature met and organised on the 8th day of'June, 1868, under a constitution framed by the people of Florida in a convention assembled by the authority of what is known as the econstructiontacts ofthe Cogess of the United States. On the 9th of June the joint Assembly repaired to the Supreme Courteroomtomwitss the ioaugaration of the first Governor of Florida, oh osr election had beeu secueed by a majority of all the male inhabitants of the State, twenty-one years of age and upwards, withoat regard to color or previous condition oftseri- rode. Goveror Reeddcame forward and was sworn in asGov- ernor of Florida by jadge Bloynton, of the United States District Coort amidst the shoas of thousands of glad people who now began to see the dawn of a new day. After taking the oath of office the Governor delivered the following " IIn entering apon the high transt which your partiality has conferred, in deferec to time-honored custom, is becomes my duty to briefly indicate the policy of my administration at chief magistrate of the State.  78 CARPETBAG RULE IN FLORIDA. "SEI Noventher, r8ub, the constitutional eights of the peo- pie of Florida were subverted, and its civtl governmnt was overthrown, Since then the State has heen without a consticu- tional government, andnahbject to militarytlaw. toMarch, sS67, the Congress of the United Staten, in ohedience to ito ohligation to Iguaeantee to event- State a repohlioan foeto of government,' prepared a plan hy which the State could regain its foefeited rightn and its people he retored to the henefits of the constitutianal gov- enment. Under this plan, you have foewed a government, which we are heee to-day to inaugueate and prepare so make effective. You have formed and adopted a constitution hased upon the great theory of American government, that all men ate by naeune free amd endowed with equalrrtiht. You have laid deep and hroad the foundations of the State upon the principlr of unicersal freedom. Bred to freedom and under repuhlican institutions; believing stat-ry an unmitigated curse, at well at a violation of human rights-a morat, political and physical evil whereer tolerated, I most cordially congratulate you that it no longer exists to hlight the fair heritage tchich God has given as here, and that the constitution which you have adopted contains no germ of despotism to generate future discord. I congratulate you also that no spirit of malevolence or hitteress, growing ut of the wrongs aod conflicts of the past, has hero suffered to mar Your organic law, ht that in aspirit ofmagnanimityand fr- berance worthy of the highest commendation, those who hae forfeited their citizensship aewelcomted hachsuothehenefis and privileges of the government upon the sole condition of fealty and adherence to the constitution and laws. -Amid the ruins of a government emhodying antagonistic principlenyouhave laid the foundation of agoernment insu- ing harmony, stahility, security and peace. The conflicting ele- ments and interests of the pastnow all unite in ahomogeneous system, all yielding ohedience to a common law, which respects alike the interests of all. Time atlone can heal the social disor- ders and ditsenosions created hy the disruption of society and the radical change in the system of goernment, consequtent upon the war. We will putiently await its mollifying influences, uster- posing no ohstacles to a speedyerestoration. "All classes of society and all the interests of the State demand peace and good govenment,and ifthe spiritsof our constitutin is appreciated and reciprocated, every citizen may realize these advantages, and the State may arise from its pros- trate condition so a measure of prosperity unhnown in the past, and hecome one of the heighest luminaries in the galaxy ofou glorious Union. "1Fellow citizens, t accept the high responsihility of the chief magistracy under yoor un constitution, helieving firmly 78 CARPETBAG ROLE IN FLORIDA. "1In Novemher, x8fo, the constitutional rights of the peo- ple of Florida were subverted, and its civil gocronmens was ovrrhown, Since then the State has hero without a constitu- tional government, and suhjectto military law. In March, r867, the Congress of the United States, in ohedience so its ohigation to ' guarantee sorcvery State a repuhlican form of governwent,' prepared a plan hp which the State coold regain its forfeited rights and its people herentored so the henefits of checooslilutional gov- ernment. Underthisplan, you hare formed agovrrnmen, which we are here to-day to inaugurate and prepare so mahe effective. You have formed and adopted a constitution hated upon the great theory of American government, that all en are by natur. free and ensdowred utl equal rughts. You have laid deep and hroad the foundations of the Stair upon the principle of universal freedom. Seed so freedom and under repuhlican institutions; hetieving slavery an unmitigated curse, as well as a violation of human rigts-a Moral, political and physical evil whererer tolerated, t most cordially congratulate you that it no longer exists so hlight the fair heritage which Ged has given as here, and that the constitution which you have adopted contains no germ of despotism to generate future discord. I congratulate you also that no spirit of malevolence or hitterness, growinout of the wrongs and conflicts of the past, hasheen sufferedto mar your organic law, hut that in aspiitf magnanimity and for- hearance worthy of the highest commendation, those who hare forfeited their citientship are welcomed harh so the henefits and pricileges of the government upon the sole condition of fealty and adhereore tu the constitution and laws- -Amid the ruins of a government emhodying antagontistic principles yuu hare laid the foundation of a gocernenttinsur- ing harmony, stahility, security and peace. The confliting ele- mens and interesof the past now all unite in ahomogeneous system, all yielding ohedience to a common law, which respects alike the interests of all. Time atlone can heal the social dinor- ders and dissenstions creuted hy the disruption of society and the radical change in the system of government, cosequent upon the war. We will patiently await its mollifying influences, toter- posing no obstacles to a speedy restoration. ''All classes of society and all the interests of the State demand peace and good governmen, and if the spiritsofuour constitution is appreciated and reciprocated, every citizen may realize these advantages, and the State may arise from ist pros- trace condition so a measure of prosperity unknown in the past, andhbecomenone of thehrighest luminaries in the galaxy of our glorious Union. 1Fellow citizens, I accept the high responsihility of the chief magistracy under your new constttution, helieving firmly 78 CARPETBAG RULE IN FLORIDA. "4In Novemher, x86oi, the constitutional rights of the pro. pie of Florida were suhverted, and its cit-il governmoent was overthrown- Since then the State has heen without a constitu- tional government, and suhject tomiitary law. In March, 1867, the Congress of the United Slates, in ohedirot-e so its ohligation to ' guarantee sorcvery State a repuhlican form of government,' prepared a plan hy which the State could regain its foreited eights and its people heresttredlto thehenefits of the constitutionaligov- erment. Under this plan, you hare formed agovernment, which we are here to-day to inaugurate and prepare to make effective. You have formed and adopted a constitution hated upon the great theory of American government, that all men a-e by ntatue free anad endowed wilh equ~al rightls. You have laid deep and heoad the foundations of the State upon the principle offonicersal freedom. Seed to freedom and under repuhlican institutions; helieving slavery an unmitigated curse, as well as a violation of human rights-a moral, political and physical evil wherevrer tlrated, t most cordially congratulate you that it Ito lunger mxists to hiight the fair heritage which God has given us here, and that the constitution which you have adapted contains no germ of despotism to genrate future discord. g congratalate youalsm that no spirit of malevolence orhitterness, growisg out of the wrongs and conflicts of the past, has hero suffered to mar your organic law, hut thus in a spiris of magnanimity and foe- bearance worthy of the highest commendation, those who hare forfeited their citizenship are welcomed hat-h to the becefits and privileges of the government upon the sule condition of fealty and adherence to she constitution and laws. -Amid the ruins of a government emhodying antagonistic principles yuu have laid the foundation of a governmentsinsur- ing harmony, stabaility, security and peace. The coflicting ele- ments and interessof the past now all unite in a omogeneous system, all yielding ohedience to a common law, which respects alike the interests of all. Time atlone can heal the social disor- dersand dissensions created hy the disruption of society and the radical change in the system of government, consequent upon the war. We will patiently await its mollifying inflaences, inter- posing no ohstacles so a speedyerestoration. "Alit-lasses of society and all tke interests of the State demand peace and good got-erment, and if the spirit of our constitution is appreciated and reciprocated, every citiaen may realize these advantages, and the Slate may arise from its pros- tease condition to a measure of prosperity unknown in the past, and hecome one of the heighess luminaries in the galaxy of oar glorious Union. "1Fellow citizens, I accept the high responsihiity of the chief magistracy under your new constitution, believing firmly  CARPETBAG RULE IN FLORIDA. 79 CARPETBAG RULE IN FLORIDA. 79 CARPETBAG RULE IN FLORIDA. 79 in its principles, and unqualifiedly endorsing its policy and that of the Congress under whose clemency we are permitted to inaugurate anew a civil government for the State. I enter upon this high trust with the firm purpose of executing the laws in the spirit of liberality in which they are conceived, and in view of the highest interests of the State and the people. Relying upon your loyalty and patriotism, and the favor and guidance of that Divine Power which sways the destinies of all, I shall do what within me lies to render effective the government and to command for it the respect and obedience of all classes of our citizens." After the inauguration of Governor Reed, the Legislature was notified by Colonel F. F. Flint that the Commanding Gen- eral would not recognize the Governor-elect and Legislature until further orders from Congress. On the ninth of June the Legislature adopted the 13th and 14th Amendments to the Con- stitution of the United States. The Legislature on June 16th proceeded to the election of United States Senator for the term expiring March 3d, 1869. The cunning Osborn of the " Broth- erhood " was a candidate for the short term, but it 'had already been determined by Purman and Company to give him the largest and longest slice of the public ham, so as to cover the entire term of Governor Reed, which would enable him to use his influence as Senator to fill the Federal offices with men antagonistic to the Governor should he refuse to give his signa- ture to any subsequent legislation passed by the influence of Purman and Company to rob the State and its people. A. S. Welch was elected to fill the term expiring March 3d, 1869, and T. W. Osborn for the term ending March 3d, x873. Osborn would have been elected for the term beginning March 4th, 1869, but it was thought by Purman and Company that it was important to have him in the Senate on the admission of the State into the Union so as to control the offices. Abijah Gilbert, an old gentleman of reputed wealth, resident at St. Augustine, was pitched upon on account of his money, he agreeing to cash $5o,ooo or $1oo,ooo State bonds at 85 cents on the dollar, and for the further reason that he was very old and would always say "me too, Osborn," in any recommendations the latter would make for appointments to office. Gilbert was elected to fill the term ending March 3d, 1875, After the election of United in its principles, and unqualifiedly endorsing its policy and that of the Congress under whose clemency we are permitted to inaugurate anew a civil government for the State. I enter upon this high trust with the firm purpose of executing the laws in the spirit of liberality in which they are conceived, and in view of the highest interests of the State and the people. Relying upon your loyalty and patriotism, and the favor and guidance of that Divine Power which sways the destinies of all, I shall do what within me lies to render effective the government and to command for it the respect and obedience of all classes of our citizens." After the inauguration of Governor Reed, the Legislature was notified by Colonel F. F. Flint that the Commanding Gen- eral would not recognize the Governor-elect and Legislature until further orders from Congress. On the ninth of June the Legislature adopted the 13th and 14th Amendments to the Con- stitution of the United States. The Legislature on June 16th proceeded to the election of United States Senator for the term expiring March 3d, 1869. The cunning Osborn of the " Broth- erhood " was a candidate for the short term, but it had already been determined by Purman and Company to give him the largest and longest slice of the public ham, so as to cover the entire term of Governor Reed, which would enable him to use his influence as Senator to fill the Federal offices with men antagonistic to the Governor should he refuse to give his signa- ture to any subsequent legislation passed by the influence of Purman and Company to rob the State and its people. A. S. Welch was elected to fill the term expiring March 3d, 1869, and T. W. Osborn for the term ending March 3d, 1873. Osborn would have been elected for the term beginning March 4th, 1869, but it was thought by Purman and Company that it was important to have him in the Senate on the admission of the State into the Union so as to control the offices. Abijah Gilbert, an old gentleman of reputed wealth, resident at St. Augustine, was pitched upon on account of his money, he agreeing to cash $5o,ooo or $1oo,ooo State bonds at 85 cents on the dollar, and for the further reason that he was very old and would always say I me too, Osborn," in any recommendations the latter would make for appointments to office. Gilbert was elected to fill the term ending March 3d, 1875, After the election of United in its principles, and unqualifiedly endorsing its policy and that of the Congress under whose clemency we are permitted to inaugurate anew a civil government for the State. I enter upon this high trust with the firm purpose of executing the laws in the spirit of liberality in which they are conceived, and in view of the highest interests of the State and the people. Relying upon your loyalty and patriotism, and the favor and guidance of that Divine Power which sways the destinies of all, I shall do what within me lies to render effective the government and to command for it the respect and obedience of all classes of our citizens." After the inauguration of Governor Reed, the Legislature was notified by Colonel F. F. Flint that the Commanding Gen- eral would not recognize the Governor-elect and Legislature until further orders from Congress. On the ninth of June the Legislature adopted the 13th and 14th Amendments to the Con- stitution of the United States. The Legislature on June 16th proceeded to the election of United States Senator for the term expiring March 3d, 1869. The cunning Osborn of the " Broth- erhood " was a candidate for the short term, but it 'had already been determined by Purman and Company to give him the largest and longest slice of the public ham, so as to cover the entire term of Governor Reed, which would enable him to use his influence as Senator to fill the Federal offices with men antagonistic to the Governor should he refuse to give his signa- ture to any subsequent legislation passed by the influence of Purman and Company to rob the State and its people. A. S. Welch was elected to fill the term expiring March 3d, 1869, and T. W. Osborn for the term ending March 3d, 1873. Osborn would have been elected for the term beginning March 4th, 1869, but it was thought by Purman and Company that it was important to have him in the Senate on the admission of the State into the Union so as to control the offices. Abijah Gilbert, an old gentleman of reputed wealth, resident at St. Augustine, was pitched upon on account of his money, he agreeing to cash $50,000 or $too,ooo State bonds at 85 cents on the dollar, and for the further reason that he was very old and would always say " me too, Osborn," in any recommendations the latter would make for appointments to office. Gilbert was elected to fill the term ending March 3d, 1875, After the election of United  8o CARPETBAG RULE IN FLORIDA. States Senators the Legislature adjourned until the 7th of July to await the action of Congress as to the admission of the State, into the Union. On the 25th of June, Congress declared the State entitled to admission, and on the 3oth day of the same month, Florida was represented in both branches of the National Legislature. The State having been admitted into the Union under the new Constitution, the Legislature now convened on the day appointed and received the message of Governor Reed. The Governor, after reciting the peculiar and extraordinary cir- cumstances under which it assembled on the 8th of June-in a military district but without military sanction-said : "After near eight years of defiant wandering and estrange- ment, during a portion of which time no peaceful citizen was safe from the demands of a lawless despotism, and life and property were at the mercy of usurpers, Florida has renewed her allegiance to the Federal Constitution and resumed her position in the union of States with a radical change in her fundamen- tal law, which compels a corresponding change in our system of legislation." In referring to the policy of the government conferring the right of suffrage upon the negro the Governor said: "The government could not, with honor, deny to the man who car- ried a musket in its defense a voice in its administration. To have required him in war to fight, and in peace to bear the bur- den of other citizens, and then deny him a voice in its adminis- tration, cannot be sustained by any argument based upon prin- ciples of justice or morals." Contrasting the Constitution of 1868 with the Amended Constitution of 1861, of the State of Florida, the Governor quoted from the latter the following: " No citizen of any of the States which are now at war with the Confederate States shall ever be admitted to the rights of citizen- ship in this State; no such person shall vote at elections, be eligible to office, hold real estate, exercise any profession or trade, be engaged in mechanical, manufacturing, commercial, banking, insurance or other business, under pain of confiscation to the use of the State of all property;of such person as shall violate this clause of the constitution." With this he cotrasted the following from the new republican Constitution: " Every male person of the age of twenty-one years and upwards, of So CARPETBAG RULE IN FLORIDA. States Senators the Legislature adjourned until the 7th of July to await the action of Congress as to the admission of the State- into the Union. On the 25th of June, Congress declared the State entitled to admission, and on the 3oth day of the same month, Florida was represented in both branches of the National Legislature. The State having been admitted into the Union under the new Constitution, the Legislature now convened on the day appointed and received the message of Governor Reed. The Governor, after reciting the peculiar and extraordinary cir- cumstances under which it assembled on the 8th of June--in a military district but without military sanction-said: "After near eight years of defiant wandering and estrange- ment, during a portion of which time no peaceful citizen was safe from the demands of a lawless despotism, and life and property were at the mercy of usurpers, Florida has renewed her allegiance to the Federal Constitution and resumed her position in the union of States with a radical change in her fundamen- tal law, which compels a corresponding change in our system of legislation." In referring to the policy of the government conferring the right of suffrage upon the negro the Governor said : " The government could not, with honor, deny to the man who car- ried a musket in its defense a voice in its administration. To have required him in war to fight, and in peace to bear the bur- den of other citizens, and then deny him a voice in its adminis- tration, cannot be sustained by any argument based upon prin- ciples of justice or morals." Contrasting the Constitution of 1868 with the Amended Constitution of 1861, of the State of Florida, the Governor quoted from the latter the following: " No citizen of any of the States which are now at war with the Confederate States shall ever be admitted to the rights of citizen- ship in this State; no such person shall vote at elections, be eligible to office, hold real estate, exercise any profession or trade, be engaged in mechanical, manufacturing, commercial, banking, insurance or other business, under pain of confiscation to the use of the State of all property of such person as shall violate this clause of the constitution." With this he cotrasted the following from the new republican Constitution: "Every male person of the age of twenty-one years and upwards, of 80 CARPETBAG RULE IN FLoRIDA. States Senators the Legislature adjourned until the 7th of July to await the action of Congress as to the admission of the State' into the Union. On the 25th of June, Congress declared the State entitled to admission, and on the 3oth day of the same month, Florida was represented in both branches of the National Legislature. The State having been admitted into the Union under the new Constitution, the Legislature now convened on the day appointed and received the message of Governor Reed. The Governor, after reciting the peculiar and extraordinary cir- cumstances under which it assembled on the 8th of June-in a military district but without military sanction-said: "After near eight years of defiant wandering and estrange- ment, during a portion of which time no peaceful citizen was safe from the demands of a lawless despotism, and life and property weere at the mercy of usurpers, Florida has renewed her allegiance to the Federal Constitution and resumed her position in the union of States with a radical change in her fundamen- tal law, which compels a corresponding change in our system of legislation." In referring to the policy of the government conferring the right of suffrage upon the negro the Governor said: "The government could not, with honor, deny to the man who car- ried a musket in its defense a voice in its administration. To have required him in war to fight, and in peace to bear the bur- den of other citizens, and then deny him a voice in its adminis- tration, cannot be sustained by any argument based upon prin- ciples of justice or morals." Contrasting the Constitution of 1868 with the Amended Constitution of 1861, of the State of Florida, the Governor quoted from the latter the following: " No citizen of any of the States which are now at war with the Confederate States shall ever be admitted to the rights of citizen- ship in this State; no such person shall vote at elections, be eligible to office, hold real estate, exercise any profession or trade, be engaged in mechanical, manufacturing, commercial, banking, insurance or other business, under pain of confiscation to the use of the State of all property;of such person as shall violate this clause of the constitution." With this he cotrasted the following from the new republican Constitution: " Every male person of the age of twenty-one years and upwards, of  whatecer tact, color, nationality, at preevioascosabtion, who shall, at the time of offtoing to vote, be a citiatn of the United States, or wo shalt hoot declared intention to became ouch in confoetmity to the lams of she United Stases, and who shtall hoe ressided and bad his habitation, domicile, home, and place of pee- manent abode in Floida foreone yeae, and in theecounty foesix months, nest peeceding she election at which he shall offer to tote, shall insuch countyhbe deemed aoqualifed electot at all elections undes this constitution." This message contained eighteen subjects, and showed great poteers of shoughtoand pee- cepsion. Allthecvaried phases of the State mete discassed as though he hod studied the subjecs feom boyhood, and any one who tend it weold he foeced toothe conclusion that itowas his aimtoaadministeran honest, and economical gocernment foreshe Slate and its people. The Cabinet of Goceenoe Reed consisted of eight members. To sham the Southeen whites, who wcere greeasly irrisated at she oun of things, that he meant so give them an honest adminissea- sion, he appointed Colonel Robot H. Gamble, Compteollee, the most impoetant office of his Cabinet. Colonel Gamble wat an en-slacehaldee and a Democeat. He also appointed James D. Westost, Jr., Attorney-General, also a Democeas, who suppoeted the slace powter. Fromthese appointmentsGacetor Reed had a rightsto enpectsatleastsupportsfromthehoternwhites Infgict his administration a fait tial. No coloeed man mat appointed in the Cabinet, although the Governortexpressed his willingness tohave negeoerepresentationoin ecery departmet, and did send tn the Senate the name of John C. Gibbs, foe Secretary of State, wehose tight name was aftermatds found to he Jonathan C. Gibbs, and his name mat withdrawn. The Goveror insisted on sending ap the tight name, bat the Usboen-Potman faction threatened nppositinn so his administration if any negro was placed in the Cabinet. The Gocernnr, not knwing what the end might be, for the momene refrained. The administratin of Govrnor Reed was contaminated wish more agences inimical la the establishment and mainte. ofaayGacetoe of Florida tince the State was fist admnitted into she Union. Ote of these agencies was the appointing CAnPTB~AG RULE0 I4 cLORIDA. 81 what ecer race, color, nationality, at precious condtiaon, who shall, as she time of offering to cote, be a cisiaen of she United Stases, orwho shall hace declared intention to become such in confoemity to the laws of the United States, and who shall hace resided and hod his habitation, domicile, home, and place of per- manent abode in Floridanfor oneyea, and in the county foesix months, neat peeceding the election no which he shall offer to cote, shallin suchcounty bedeemeda qalified elector al all electionsnundetbis costitutio." This message contained eighteen subjects, and showedgreat pomers of thoughtoand pee- ception. Allbhecvaried phses of the Ssate were discussed as though hehad studind the subjects from boyhoodandoany one whoaread itwold beforcedtothe conclsion that itmwashis aimstondministerennhonest,nand economical goernmentsforthe State and its people. The Cabinet of Govrnot Reed consisted of eightemembers. To sham she Southeen whites, who mete greatly irritated as she tuen of things, that be mana to give them an honest adminissen- lion, he appointed Colonel Robeet H. Gamble, Comptrollee, she most impoesans office of his Cabinet. Colonel Gamble was an es-slaceholder and a Demoerat. He alsoappinted James D. Wesseott, Jr., Attorney-Geneeal, also a Demtocrat, who supported sbe slacerpower. Ftom thteenppintmentsGaceoe Reed hadoa tight to expect at least support ftom the Sonthern whites to gle his administration a fair trial. No colored moo was appointed in the Cabinet, although the Gacetoe expressed his willingness tonhacenrgrotepresentatinin every department,oand did send to she Senate the name of John C. Gibbs, foe Secretaey of State, whose tight name was ahterwards found to hr Jonathan C. Gibbs, and his name was withdrawn. The Gacetoe insisted on sending op the tight name, bat the Gshatn-Foemon faction thtreatened opposition so his administration if any negtn, was placed in the Cabinet. The Goernoor, not boming what she end msight be, for thetmonmenteefrained. The administratin of Gacetoe Reed was contaminated writh more agencies inimical to the establishment and mainte- iineof an honest aleSl government than ehe administration of any Governor of Florida sine the State was Strst admitted into the Union. Gee of these agencies was the appintsing CARPETBAG RULE IN FLORIDA. 855 whatevr tact, color, nationality, at previous condition, who shall, as the time of offering to case, be a ciliaten of the United States, or echo shall hoe declared intention so become such in conformity to she totes of she United States, and who shall hace resided and hod his habitatin, domicile, home, and place of pee- manentoabode inFlorida or oneyer, and in the county forsix months, nest preceding the election at which hr shall offer to vote, shall insuch countybe deemed aqualified elector al all elections undes this constitutin."' This message contained eighteensubjects, adshowed greatspomersnof thought and pet. cepsian. All the carind phases of the State mete discassed as though be had tadied she subjects from boyhood, and any one who tend itwould befored tahe coclsion shot itswashis aimtoadministeroehhnest, andrecoomical goernmmrntforthe State and its people. The Cabinet of Gacetoe Reedoconsisted ofleight members. To sham the Sothern whites, who mere greatly imritated at the torn of things, that be means to glee them on honest administra- tion, he appointed Colonel Robert H. Gamble, Comptroller, the watt important office of his Cabinet. Colonel Gamble was an eo-slncehaldr and a Democrat. He alsonappinotedJames D. Westeats, Jr., Attorney-Genral, also a Democrat, who suppotted the slace powe. From theseappintmentsGaceoe Reed had a tight totexpete as teast support from the Southern whites to give his administration a fair trial. No eolored man was appointed in the Cabinet, although the Gocernor expressed his willingness so hoot negro reptesentation in ecety deportment, nd did send so the Senate the name of John C. Gibbs, foe Secretary of State, whose eight name was afterwords found to he Jonathan C. Gibbs, and his name was withdrawn. The Governor insisted on sending op she eight name, hot she Ushoro-Pormon faction threatened opposition so his adminintratin if any negrn was plaeed in the Cabinet. The Gocernor, not boming what the end might be, far the moment refrained. The administratin of Gocernor Reed was contaminated with more agencies inimical so the establishment and mainte- nact of an honest ciedl goernment than the administration of any Gacetoe of Florida since the Stote was first admitted into the Union. Ote nf these agencies was the appointing  82 CARPETBAG RULE IN FLORIDA. power, where all the officers, both State and county, with the exception of constables, were appointed by the Governor, and nine-tenths of these officers had to be confirmed by the Senate. The Governor, unacquainted with the men in the different counties who were capable, honest, friendly, disposed to peace, order and good government, made it a rule to look to the Senators and Representatives from the counties to inform him of the fitness of the candidate for office. This, though in most instances unavoidable, opened the door to corruption and politi- cal treason to his administration. The carpetbag Senators and Representatives from the different counties would always man- age to get the endorsement of some colored men whom they would represent to the Governor as having great influence and respectability in the county where they lived; and whenever an appointment was to be made in a Democratic county and one of these office-seekers wanted to secure the prize, but whose antecedents against the negro in the county where he lived was such that he could not get an endorsement, he would represent to the executive that he was the only man in the county that stood between the negro and his former master and prevented wholesale slaughter of his colored brothers. Whenever the executive could make opportunity without great delay to inquire into these representations, he would generally find them false, and would thereupon appoint a Democrat- when no honest Republican could be found-who was friendly to the just administration of these laws. Many of these offices were filled by men who held seats in the Legislatdre, and who had in their pockets plunder bills to be acted upon at the same ses- sion of the Legislature to give them a start. There were a few exceptions, among whom was Judge Goss, who resigned his position as Senator as soon as he was appointed Circuit Judge. The Governor, in several counties where it was held disrepu- table to hold office under a Republican Governor, had to appoint one man to fill two or three offices in order to get men friendly to the new administration. Men whose names came up in the Senate for confirmation, unless they were members of that body, would have to come down with the cash before they could pass through the gate of Purman and the other members of the carpetbag family in that body. The Governor was forced to S2 CARPETBAG RULE IN FLORIDA. power, where all the officers, both State and county, with the exception of constables, were appointed by the Governor, and nine-tenths of these officers had to be confirmed by the Senate. The Governor, unacquainted with the men in the different counties who were capable, honest, friendly, disposed to peace, order and good government, made it a rule to look to the Senators and Representatives from the counties to inform him of the fitness of the candidate for office. This, though in most instances unavoidable, opened the door to corruption and politi- cal treason to his administration. The carpetbag Senators and Representatives from the different counties would always man- age to get the endorsement of some colored men whom they would represent to the Governor as having great influence and respectability in the county where they lived; and whenever an appointment was to be made in a Democratic county and one of these office-seekers wanted to secure the prize, but whose antecedents against the negro in the county where he lived was such that he could not get an endorsement, he would represent to the executive that he was the only man in the county that stood between the negro and his former master and prevented wholesale slaughter of his colored brothers. Whenever the executive could make opportunity without great delay to inquire into these representations, he would generally find them false, and would thereupon appoint a Democrat- when no honest Republican could be found-who was friendly to the just administration of these laws. Many of these offices were filled by men who held seats in the Legislatdre, and who had in their pockets plunder bills to be acted upon at the same ses- sion of the Legislature to give them a start. There were a few exceptions, among whom was Judge Goss, who resigned his position as Senator as soon as he was appointed Circuit Judge. The Governor, in several counties where it was held disrepu- table to hold office under a Republican Governor, had to appoint one man to fill two or three offices in order to get men friendly to the new administration. Men whose names came up in the Senate for confirmation, unless they were members of that body, would have to come down with the cash before they could pass through the gate of Purman and the other members of the carpetbag family in that body. The Governor was forced to S2 CARPETBAG RULE IN FLORIDA. power, where all the officers, both State and county, with the exception of constables, were appointed by the Governor, and nine-tenths of these officers had to be confirmed by the Senate. The Governor, unacquainted with the men in the different counties who were capable, honest, friendly, disposed to peace, order and good government, made it a rule to look to the Senators and Representatives from the counties to inform him of the fitness of the candidate for office. This, though in most instances unavoidable, opened the door to corruption and politi- cal treason to his administration. The carpetbag Senators and Representatives from the different counties would always man- age to get the endorsement of some colored men whom they would represent to the Governor as having great influence and respectability in the county where they lived; and whenever an appointment was to be made in a Democratic county and one of these office-seekers wanted to secure the prize, but whose antecedents against the negro in the county where he lived was such that he could not get an endorsement, he would represent to the executive that he was the only man in the county that stood between the negro and his former master and prevented wholesale slaughter of his colored brothers. Whenever the executive could make opportunity without great delay to inquire into these representations, he would generally find them false, and would thereupon appoint a Democrat- when no honest Republican could be found-who was friendly to the just administration of these laws. Many of these offices were filled by men who held seats in the Legislatdre, and who had in their pockets plunder bills to be acted upon at the same ses- sion of the Legislature to give them a start. There were a few exceptions, among whom was Judge Goss, who resigned his position as Senator as soon as he was appointed Circuit Judge. The Governor, in several counties where it was held disrepu. table to hold office under a Republican Governor, had to appoint one man to fill two or three offices in order to get men friendly to the new administration. Men whose names came up in the Senate for confirmation, unless they were members of that body, would have to come down with the cash before they could pass through the gate of Purman and the other members of the carpetbag family in that body. The Governor was forced to  CARPETBAG RULE IN FLORIDA. 83 CARPETBAG RULE IN FLORIDA. 83 CARPETBAG RULE IN FLORIDA. 83 appoint men0 as countyp jodget and soltcitors, somecof whom it woo very doobtful ot to whethee they hod enee Been the inside of a tom booh. Mooy of the coepethag office-hotders, anterioe to theie odvnt in the Sooth hod been blatant Democeots ot the Noeth, hot not ecen respectahle ceots-rood politiciast, yet who nowmclaimed to be great men, Gnd the proper leaders of the eotoeed people of thin Stole. The second of these adverse ogencies toot the tendency of the Boeaoo coepetbag mentbeet of the Legislotore to rosh theoogh oeeopt legislation. Thete men, now secure inthi offices foe the sevetot couttniet, hot yet membeet of the Legislo- ture, were in o position to dictate to the Govnoe oo to tegtsta- tio. They now hegon to feet the Governoe'o potse. A bitt woo inteoduced in the Senote by A. A. Knight, an Osborn caepet- boggee, nhito he woo holding in his poohet a commission 0s cie- Ruit judfe, " to inorepoate the Ftoeido Soviogo Book." The bill toas oe geanting extraoedinaey aod iodefinite powees withoot sofficient fgarties of peotection to the pubic-endering it lotofol Ser publiR officers to deposit the foodt of the Slate, ood others In. deposit teat funds, with no odequote secoetty; giving acomopanywith $ao,ooo cash capitaltthe power to control on unohmited amount, ood actually offoediog lorge foilities foreobtaining money from the people, ondhbyoabeaoch of troot enriching the stockholdees ot the expeose of the pohlio. The maoogees ood stockholdees were, of couese, to be the coepetbog officeholders. The bitt won tetegeaphed from New Yoehby L. D. Sticboep, oneaof SecretoryChase'sodieottaxooom- misoesforFloeida. Aocheck foe $Soos sentto Knight to secureeitt pomoage. Itwos pomsed Bn both Hooses oodoer sot- pension of the roles, twithio twenty-four hooro aftee its receipt. I1 toot tahen to the Ghoneenoe the same evening by Knight, who reoqoetted its immediote oppeona, to that he coold teod a ceeti- Sed copy to NeweYorkby the neot mil. Hevooched "on the hanol of o Senotore" foe its freedom from ony obnonioas feotores. The Governoe held it foB advitemeos onee night; eetoeeditowith hit veto, ond, on itn return, the Senate, with its oswindliog featoreet enpooed, did not dare to note to poostit oncer the Goverer'essveto. Enen Koight himself did not so note, This mat the Senst bill passed, aod tbe Sirot of the many netoes appoint men on eounty jodgen and solicitoes, some of whom it was0 veey doobtfol on to whethee they hod ever neen the inside of a lam hook. Many of the caepetbag office-holders, anteeioe to theiroadnent in the Sooth had been blatant Demoocrats at the Noeth, hot not ecenenpeotabte ceoss-eoad potiticians, pet who nowmcloimed to he great men, and the propee leadees of the colored people of this State. The second of these adneene agencies toot the tendency of the Burauocaopetbag membees of the Legistatuee to eush theoogh coeropt tegislotiots. These men, now secureetn their offices foe the seveeol counties, hot yes membees of the Legisto- toee, mete in o position to dictote to the Goeenoe on to legista- lion. They now began to feel the Goceenoe's pulse. A hlman inteoduced in the Seoote by A. A. Knight, an Osboenecarpet- baggee, while he toot holdiog in his pochet a commission as cr- coit jodge, "to incorpoeate the Floeido Savings Banh." The bill toot oe geanting extroredinaey and indefinite poerswithout sufficient guaranties of protection to the public-endering it tawfol foe poblic officees to deposit the fonds of the State, aod othees to, deposit teust fonds, with no adequate secoeity; givingoacompanymwith$20,000ocath capital the powe to cooteol an onlimited omoont, and actoally affoeding laege facidities foe obtoiniog money from the people, and byoahbeach of toot eneiching the stockholders at the eopente of the poblie. The manogees and stockholdees toeee, of cooete, to be the caepethog office-holdees. The bill was telegeophed from New Yoekby L. D.Sticooey, oneofSeceayChase's diecttaxocom- missonersforeFlorido. A cheeh foe $500 was sent to Knight to secoreeits passage. It was potted in both Hiooset onder son- pension of the rolon, within twoenty-foor hooes oftee its receit. It toot taken so the Goveenoe the tome enening by Knight, who eeqoested lts immtediote appeos-ol, no that he coold send a ceeti- fied copy to New Yoek by the netmail. Henvouched " on the honot of a Senatoe " foe its freedom from ony ohoxious feotores. Thbe Gonveror held it foe advisement onee night; reetuened it with his veto, and, on its retuoen, the Senate, with hos swindling feotuees exposed, did not daee to note to pass it over the Goceenesnveto. Es-en Knight himself did not so note. This toot the Serst bill pained, and the Senst of the many netes appoint men as coonty judges and solicitoet, some of whom it tos onveey douhtful as to whethee they had evee scen the intide of a law hook. Many of the caepetbag office-holdees, anteeior to theie advens in the Sooth hod been blatant Democrats at the Noesh, hot not ecenerespectable ceoss-eoad politicians, yet who noweclaimedtohbegeaotmen, and the proper leadees of the coloeed people of this State. The second of these adveete agencies toot the tendency of the Bueeau caepetbag membees of the Legislatuee to eush theoogh coeeapt legislation. These men, now secare in theie offices foe the seneeol counties, hot pet membees of the Legisla- tuee, weee in a position so dictote to she Goneenoe on to legisla- lion. They non began to feel the Goceenoets polse. A bill wan inteoduced in the Senate by A. A. Knight, on Osboen caepet- baggee, while he was holding in his pochet a commission as cr cutjudge, "to incoepoeate the Floeida Sanings Bank." The bdll was one geanting exteaaedinoey and indefinite poweestwithoot sofficient guaeanties of peotection to the public-endeeing it lawful foe poblic officers to deposit the fonds of the Stote, ond othees to. deposit teott foods, with no adequate secority; givingoacompanytwith $oooo cash capital the powee to conteol on unlimited omoont, and actoally offoeding laege facdlitiesfrobtaining money from she people, andhbyoabeach of tenust eneiching the stockholdees at the expense of the public. The mosogers and stockholdees were, of couese, to he the caepethog office-holdees. The bill won telegeaphed from New Yoek by L. D. Stichney, one of Seceetoey Chosetsdieect toncom- missionees foe Floeida. A checkhfoe $500 was sent to Knight to secureeits passnge. It was passed in both Hooses undee son- pention of the eoles, within twenty-fooe hoers aftee its receipt. It won tohen to the Goceenoe the same ecening by Knight, who requested its immediate appeonal, so that he could send a certi- fied copy to New Yoeh by the Eext mail. Henvoached "1on the honoreof a Senatore" for its freedom from any obnoxious featuees. The Gov-eenoe held it foe odvisement ovee night; reetoened it with his vnto, and, on its eetoen, the Senate, with its swindling featurees eoposed, did not daee to note to passhitonee the Goveeneets s-eta. Es-en Knight himself did not to note. Thin was the Senst hiSl passed, and the Serst of the many vetoen  84 CARPETBAG RULE tN FLORInA. by which Goveenor Reed sought to peotect she State against fraud, coeruption and villainy. This was a snag little place in whichsnodeposit the people'smoney and crynout I"heohe"after mtaking a division amng the stochulderu. The schenme ws entered into tn eoh hush negenes and swhites, as well as so msahe assay wish the public funds. This veso caused gee as cansteenation in she Oubuen Ping plottees, and fron that time oat they smuee vengeance against Reed and his administeation. Othee infamous schemes wee incensed as she samnesesuiun, which came tu naught theough the veto nf the Goveenue. See " veto " jurenat og the Senate, page 224. The Repuhlican membhees of the Legiulatuee swho really eepeesented tre republican peinciples, were in the minueity, and were, theeefoe, poeeess tdo much to areeststhe diugeace which these coeeupt practies meee heingiug to the partyl and, as these sehemes weee adopted hy a so-called Repuhlican cau- cus, any memheenof the party voting against them in the caucus oeuotheemise was loobednupon and denounced as eating against a party meauree, and wan accoedingly set down as a teaitue to she party. The mostsof the non-office-seeing and honest white Repuhlicans were denounced as Democrats in thnse palmy days ofecoeruption. 3. H. Guss, 3. E. A. Daeidson in the Sen- ate, and E. J. Hareis in the Atsemhly wee the typical white Repuhlicans in the Flutida Legislatue at thas session. They weeSoutheen Repuhlicans. The hebothees in hlach," some of whom had heretofore followed the Sillings-Richueds faction, teemed to hace heen quite indifferent, either as to men on measures, since they had lost theiresupposed great leades, while someuof them, such as H. S. Harman and Richaed H. flanch, mere men of edncation, and didafllthey could atsthatusession to pass a school law foe the educstinn of the mamses.. Otherwise they seemed content so enjoy full citizenohip. They hnew nothing, is seemed, ahout stealing by legislation at that session, and had not the colored memhers been associated with theie had white leadees, they might have legislated foe years hefoee leaening to steal by stat- The Demoeeats at this session bad very few membhees in 84 CARPETAG RULEINPLORIDA. by whichovenoe Reed sought to potect the Stats against frond, corruption and villainy. This was a sug little place in which to deposit the people's money and ceypoutchebroe "after mabing a division among the stockholdeu. The scheme was enteted into to eob both negenes and mbites, as well as to mabe awsay with the public funds. Thin vetoa caused geeat consteenation in the Oshotn Ping plottees, and from that time out they swoee vengeance against Reedoand his administeation. Othee infamous schemes wee invented at the tame tession, which came to naught theough the veto of the Goveenoe. See "veto"' joueoal of she Senate, page 224. The Republican membees of the Legislatuee who really tepeesented tre republican peinciples, wee in the minorisy, andere, theeefoe, poweless to domuchstoaeeststhe disgace which these eortupt peactices were beinging to the party; and, as these schemes mere adopted by a soalled Republican cau- cus, any membersof the paety voting against them inthe caucus oreotheewise was looked upon and denounced as voting against a paesy measuee, and was aecodingly set down as a teaitoe tu the paety. The mostof the nn-flce-setbingandbhonst white Republicans were denounced as Democrats in those palmy days of corruption. J. H. Guss, J. R. A. Davidson in the Sen- ate, and E. J. Haeeis in the Assembly were the typical white Republicans in the Floeida Legislasuee atsthatsession. They wee Southeen Republicans. The I beothers in black," tome of whom had heeetofoe followed the Billings-Richaeds faction, seemed so have been quite indifferent, tithee as so men oe measuees, since they had lostasheittsupposed geeat leadees, while some of them, suchuas H. S. Haeman and Richaed H. Black, mere men ug education, and did all they could at that session to pass a sehool law foe the education of she masses.. Otheewise they seemed content so enjoy full citiatnsbip. They bnew nothing, it seemed, about stealing by legislation at that session, and had nut the coloeed membees been associated with theit bad white leadees, they might have legislated foe yeaes before ltening to steal by stat- The Democeats at5 this session bad veey few membees in 84 CARPETBAG RUL It FORDA by which Goveenoe Reed sought to peotect the State against feaud, coeeuption and villainy. This was a snug little place in whichstodepositsthe people's moneyuand ceyout I"beobe "aftee making a divisin among she stockholdees. The scheme won enteeed into to eob both negenes and whites, us well as to mabe away with the public funds. This veto cauued geat consteenation in the Osboen eing plottees, and feom that time out they swoee vengeance against Reed and his administeasion. Othee infamous schemes wee invented at the same session, which came to naught theough she veto of the Goveenoe. See ' veto'" jurenal of the Senate, page 224. The Republican memboers of the Legislatuee who eeally tepeesensed sre eepublican peinciples, mere in she minoeity, and wete, therefoe, powelesstoudo mochto aeeest the disgrace which these coreupt peactices wete bringing to she party; and, at these schemes wete adopted by a so-called Republican cau- cus, any memberpof the paety voting against them in the caucus oreotherwise waslnobedupuon anddenounced as voting against a patty measuee, and was accoedingly set down as a teaitoe to she paety. The most of the non-office-seebing and honest white Republicans mete denounced as Democrats in those palmy days of corruption. 3. H. Guts, 3. R. A. Davidson in the Sen- ate, and Ei. 3. Hateis in the Assembly wets the typical white Republicans in the Floeida Legislature at that session. They were Southeen Republicans. The "hebothees in black," some of whom bad hetetofoe followed the Billings-Richards faction, seemed to have been quite indiffetent, ether as to men oe measures, since they had lost theie supposed great leadees, while someuof them, such as H. S. Hatman and Richaed H. Blach, were men of educatdon, and did all theyeculd at thatusession to pats a sehool law foe the education of the masses. Otheewise they teemed content In enjoy fall citiatnship. They bnew nothing, it seemed, ahut stealing by legislation at that session, and had nos the eoloeed membees been associated with sheit bad white leadees, they might have legislated foe yeaes befote leatning to steal by stat- The Demoetats at this session had very few members in  CARPETBAG RULE IN FLORIDA. 5 CARPETBAG RULE IN FLORIDA. 85 CARPETBAG RULE IN FLORIDA. 85 either braneh of the Legislatuee, and amnounted to but little. Amnong thenmost noted of them weeeDr. J. L. Crawford, ofthe seventh dintrict, nose our able and courteous Secretary of State, A. L. McCaskill, of the second district, and George P. Raney, of the Assemsbly, froms Franklin coanty, nose one of the judges of the Sapeme Coaet, and one of the moost incesnant work- ers in the legal professioc that hanseer adorned the bench. Me. Raney was apue and honest Demeocrat, wehone advanced ideas the Demceats Uf the State seay yet hace to adopt to seakethe party aueDemeocratic paety, and saeit feom over. theose. The third of these agencies seas the sehites weho had been excloded hrose office by she 14th aseendnment of the Cositotion of the United Slates, swho had prevcioosly lobes on oath to sopport she Constitotion of the United States by reason of holding er- tainooffices and afterwads giing aid andcoefoet to the rebel- lion. The moost of these lead been politicians before and dueing theewac, and had greatinfluence in theirceerat cosesenities. They seere Rose ersepant, acd sehen they would appear befoe theie people would represent themeselces as peesecoted meen. Thesesmeeoand theie friendsseould seize oneveeycoeupt es ue sesmistep of the caepetbag Legislature and carey it to their people asthe resolt of theiesclosion, and oith the cry of 'negeo supremsacy and domeination'" aeouse the passions of tie peo- ple en fecee heat. The fact of themr forer slaces sitting in the Legislature, soling foe an aseendmeent to the Constitution wehich excluded these frose the nights of citizenship, weas a little seoe than husean natuecoold hace been expected to swallowe with- out someprotest, as did she negen protest weho had carried a mseoset foe nearly theee years in defense of the Goveenseent, and seas teen exeloded feose the eights of citiznship. Bot if the carpet-baggero had gone in at the slant foe honest gocernent these mes would hose had no seateeial on wehich to feed and inforiate the people. Governor Reed wcoald base been enahled to msere enough of the Southern swhites to the support of the Republican adseinisteation in the State to base givenit geat strength and respectability. The Goveenor seas, feose the beginning, opposed to this swholesale plunder systese, bat the eithee beanch of the Legislatuee, and aseounted to hot little. Aseong teseost noted of these were De. J. L. Ceawfoed, ofthe seventh district, nose oue able and courteous Seceetaey of State, A. L. McCaskill, of the second disteict, and Geoege P. Raney, of the Assesebly, hrose Feanklin sonty, nose one of the judges of she Supeme Couet, aod one of the seost incessant worb. esin the legal profession that has ever adoened the bench. Me. Raney wsuapueand honest Deseoceat, wehose advanced ideas the Deseoceats of the State seay yet base to odopt to seakethe partya teDeeocrtic poesy, and save it froseoee- theowe. The shied of these agencies seas the sehites seho had been excluded feom office by the s4th amendseent of the Constitution of the United States, weho bud presiously lobes ao oath no suppoet the Constitution of the United States by reason of holding see- tain officestand afteesads giing aid andeoefoet to the reebel- lion. The seost of theom had bees politicians befoee and during theswae,uandbad geatsifluence in theireseeeal cosesenities. They wee nose easepant, and ohen they wsould appeae hefoe theie people seould eepeent theseselvse as peetecuted seen. Thesesmen and theirfriends would seize onneveeycoeeuptmes see or seisstep of the caepeehag Legislatuee and caeey it to theie people as theeresult of theireesclusioo, and with the cey of'"negeo sopesecy and domoitnations' aeouse the passions of theie peo- pie to fecee heat. The fact of theie foree stases sitting in the Legislatoee, voting foe an aseendseent to the Constitution wehich eocloded these feose the tights of citinenship, weas a little seore than hosean nature coold have been expected to swallose with- out soeprotest, as did the negeo peotest seho had carried a mskset foe neaely thee years in defense of the Governseent, and seas then escloded frose the eights of citizenship. Bot if the caepet-bagges bad gone in at the staet foe honest governenet thnesemenseoold have had no seaterial on sehich to feed and infueiate the people. Goveenoe Reed seould hase been enabled to seostee enough of the Southeen sehites to the suppoet of the Republican adm-inisteation in the State to base given it great strength and eespectability. The Goveenoe seas, feose the beginning, opposed to this seholesale plunder systese, hot the eithee beanch of the Legislatuee, and aseonted to but little. Aseong the mseot noted of these seree Dr. J. L. Craseford, of the seventh disteict, nose one able and courteous Secretaey of State, A. L. McCaskill, of she second district, and Genege P. Raney, of the Asnsebly, feome Franklin county, nose one of the judges of the Supeme Court, and one of the meost inessant woek. ees in the legal profession that has evee adoened the hench. Me. Raney wsauoeand honest Demeoceat, shone advanced ideas the Deseoceats of she State seay yet base to adopt to seakethe party ateDeocaic paety, and save itfeooer theow The shied of these agencies seas the shites seho had been excloded frose office by the t4th aseendseent of the Constitution of the United Staten, seho had previously tahen an oath to suppoet the Constitution of the United Staten by reason of holding cer- lain offices and afteer-aedsgiving aid andcoefot to the ehel- lion. The seost of temn had been politicians befoee and dueing thessae, and had great inluence in theie seveeal coseseniie. They eee now-nasepant, and sehen they seould appeae befoe their people seould eepeesent theseselces as peesecnsed seen. Thesesmenoand theie friendswold seize on ecery coeuptmes ue seimistep of the carpetbag Legislatuee and caeey it to their people as theeresultlof their exclusion, and sith the ceypof ' negro supesacy and doseination "arouse the passions of theie peo- ple so feces heat. The fact of theie foeseer slavs sitting in the Leginlatuee, soling foe as aseendseent to the Constitution shich excluded these ferse the eights of citizenship, wsea a little se than hosean natureeconld have been expected to swallows sith- out someprotest, as did the negeo protest seho had carried a mseoset foe neaely theeyears in defense of the Goseenseent, and seas then excluded feose the eights nf citizenship. Sot if the caepet-bagges had gone in at the start for honest governsent theseseenouldhave had noseateiatonsehicbtofeed and infosiate the people. Goseenoe Reed would have been enabled to seuster enough of the Southeen whites to the suppoet of the Republican admeinisteation in the State to have given it great strength and respeetability. The Goveenoe seas, frose the beginning, opposed to thin sholesale plunder systese, hut the  86 CARPETBAG RULE IN FLORIDA. cey was, that itwas carriedon under his administration, and the odium was throwR upoR his shoolders. * This Legislature made radical changes is she ceimsinal laws, as well as laws lending to protect the tahoe interests of the State. After menmoeialiaing Congress to remtove the disabitity of those who had heen excloded from ctizenship hy reason of participation in the eebeltion, which was Doted foe hy eveey en-stave in the Leg. istature, hotb hooses nmet in joint session and adjourned to meet in convention on the thied day of Novenmher to appoint the Presi- dential Electors of the Stale. T. W. Oshorn, cosnfortahly seated in the United States Smoate for the termnof four yers, now began to reorganize his forces toresist the administeation of Governor Reed. As United States Senatr he was enabled to precent the appointoment of any one to a Federal office who woold not agree to ose his office in evtry possible way to cripple and retaed the State admoinistration. No officer was appointed with reference to his specialtfitness; bor on the othee hand the roly qualification that seemed to bane been necessary was that the applicant was a carpet-bagger, and that he would join hint in his opposition to Govrnoe Rccd. Only two colored torn were appointed to office by Osborn's indorseent, and these two positions were insignificant so far as theeolu- ments were concerned. Many of tbese Federal officeholdees bad been appointed by Governor Reed to fi11 the offices in the tev- -. -Fn..raiintoethrietiteorsubshidie ,oemrt~ip ' oo lmea Rn ast clernar, the Osborn ti~g, sea,,t~m~~,kt, in thr ea,ht nd Uited Sttes M-1mhetwoth in the Sen, dOeemied Wo inneramt, , wcrrnmce," andthus comel martiat t,. so that te Federt trssundrrthe control ofthne ranect ouldat ha-rul atway. Itwas laned in secret cuel othat befrenadjourningtheLeisature billssnould bepassedtW coplhoeeees drairoad comanesto retor and reorie fon,,,o te -or terms as whitesn n tpacre Ocree--, hetwern twe tire.. tf Oe aperoved thehbills te whites would berpr... ke to erce, cate i he wtoer them, the freedunrr, weoul eatOrraedagans iaa d his impechet would he mde crain. Accorigly, twbillswrermedarnd psedO, the Assmbly, makingit eneat offense to reaslr prsomns veaeqat rphtteein hotetsror on railroed cot rtsaccount oroor. TocAaid dffcute, the Go-or clledttthe Relca~ne. I. 'm in cu tthe eartetrwestent rn lceade~aetiosiiitof mainltai- g ciil rusratin wth uch g.-i~glegilatonad oully Or declared he ou oto netictont. h onlyot response wasthe immediate pnasae of the bl andaitimmedinateveto y herha-rrr. It ws ear the lnst dayntfthecsesion; soulafter the finaadournenet the ream popultae tin adassebled is the rotunda oe theCapit ndauntedly enounced Goaresem Rmd a, raitor,nd thette clan oftinpsnrhent was rerfected, to be cred outattthe next session, with sbont repare the charessad ti. Jenkins a roecto. 86 CARPETBAG RULE tIN FLORIDA. cry was, that it was carried on underhisadministration, and the ndium was therown upon his shoulders. *e This Legislature made radical changes in the criminal laws, as well as laws tending to protect the tahoe interests of the State. After toenmorializing Congress to remove the disability of those who had been excluded from citizenship by reason of participation in therebllion, which wasrvoted for byrevery en-slace in theLeg- islature, both houses met in joint session and adjourned to merl in covninon the third day of November to appoint the Presi- dential Electors of the State. T. W. Osborn, comfortably seated in the United States Senate for the term of four pears, now began to reorganie his forces to resist the ndministration of Governor Reed. As United States Senator he was enabled to pevent the appointment of apy one toaFedral office whowold not agree to use his office in every possible way to cripple and retard the State administration. No officer was appointed with reference to his tprcial Sitores; bat on the other hand the only qualification that seermrd to have been necessary was that the applicant was a carpet-bagger, and that be would join him in his opposition to Governor Reed. Only two colored men were appointed In office by Osborn's indorement, and these two positions wre insignificant so fat as theremolu- ments were concerned. Many of theme Federal officeholders bad been appointed by Governor Reed to fill the officer in the e- sNOTn.-Fnateetreltherti,tie or m,,idie te G-o ortei uroe ofpteroer, as , inetteete , the Osborn Or.g under themaolpaetars in the Asemblyr, andUitdSttesMshalt rWetwaorh in tteent,rdeterined totinaugurate ac warvofences," nd tttuscomeltrtlslw, ta h eea runp e trhe controltofrhe mrshale shouhtau fullttw . twasplaned in er-conselthat before cirarire the Legislture till, htot o bease to connpethotrteeeperscedralad comnesto rere Ead providetfor,ea on thesametrms cs wte, and thus place tte Gotuarr netwee torfre. tfhe srrereeath~ebilthte whtreswould be roereh to iolte, andtif e toc t~em the feedmens westdactth rraedagait him,eandhis tmenclenrtwouta be mare A certa ccrgl, two bill we re frae ad rese tin the Assoemblyrmakn i ets areset ofemmsse cter persoseeo hawihe pateree, henla ct railecroarm mn.eccountretooor. Toe-id diffcut, the -r, aetd the hRepubleicsn- t..tconi tthe re-htre ffcec n tplued theimosbltfuia- ing ciilednstation with such ggmwertieg tegislation, and finattr hr el. hecudntsanctionrt. The onle resoes wasethetimediate pearae of the bl nd t, imedcinte win hy the hoermo,. It was sear the la dar orthe sesion; and aftercthetuctalaioramet the e,ga populaionhd ssembled ithe rotuen rotor Capiolt cd untedly deeounced horoer Deed as a traitraend ehen the ptan ofemrtorhment was perfected, tohbe crried out atthe eneesono, wtth Osborn to Prepare the chres adoao Jenkinslascrecuttor. 86 CAnRETAG RDLD tIN FLORIDA. ry was, that it was carried on underhis adminisration, and the odinum was thrown upon his shoulders. * This Legislatue made radical nhanges in the criminal taws, as welt as laws tending to protect the labor interests of the State. After menmorializing Congress to remove the disability of those whn had bern excluded from citizenship by reason of participation in the rebellion, which was voted for by every rn-slave in the Leg. islature, bothbhooses met in joint session and adjournedto meet in conrention on the third day of November to appoint the Presi- dentiail Eletors of the State. T. W. Osborn, comfortably sealed in the United States Senate for the term of foar years, now began to rercganize his forces to resist the administration of Governor Reed. As Urited States Senator be was enabled to pevent the appointment of any one to a Federal office who would not agree to use his office in every possible way to cripple and retard the State administration. No officer was appointed with reference to his speci~al fitness; hot on the other band the only qualification that seemed to hare bren necessary war that the applicant was a carper-bagger, and that hr would join him in his opposition to Governor Reed. Only two colored men were appointed to officr by Osborn's indorsement, and these two positions were insignificant no far an the emouo- ments were concerned. Many of these Federal officeholders had been appointed by Governor Reed to fill the officres in the hen- *etoen-Fafngnretherirtimiatear sahie the G-ufrterproe uertender, aset ast ettiee, the Obr ig re h edo pae~e~a in the Assembhl, and UnteduState, Marshal twotteSntdtrie to inauuatena wea fce,eeandthus mmptotmarial aw, ca thate Fdea roaops e, econ~troefthe oershetshould hewefultewe. It waspcaed Isece aouel that hefore adjoureing the Lerislcture hile, should be V .edo outpet hotetkeepersend ralrad comanes tec racier cr rd o g.o the samtoerm, as wrhitesced theseplace line trr hetwee, two tiree. If he naa-x h blsthe whites woldheeeb~e p e ieee, ad f her-todthem the freedmen woreaet he arayed against himt, ad his imeachmntwould hr ad crtain. Accoringly, twaoilareeframedeandspassed Ithe Asemblyt, maing it a Ipna flncto de persons fraomt iat reesin hotels n airo adcr mr ccouantafcalor. Toceoid dificlte, the Gmercallted the ephticaeuSe- he cacdmch~ieisottionwithcsch aemmilteisltaio, aed feial he dered he couldnot sacationt. Thaonly resnewsrhehimmedite psae of the hilt nd its immediae tebyrtheoreemr. t wasnmehelst day fthe sesin; ndnafter the tsnar adjourmert the seamo rapulation hcdene-rehted ir theotundn rfe Captol nd untedly dO..eered ocrea- Reedasn aetrao, and then the pln rehereachmnt was rperfected, toh e rted outatethe -et sensia, with Oshorn he reparrethe chae andeHoraJenkns as psecuto~r.  CARPETBAG RULE IN FLORIDA. 87 eral countiet, but at the officees of the State and coanty had tn rcietheir ttealingsatnd pay in Statenand coonty sceipat a discoont-otimes tore than nne-haf-and the Fedeeal nifi- ceswere paid in greenhachs, it wat an ease moattee to get thete tpoitsmorn to towe ondying allegiance tn Othoen. Thete Fedeeal officerstwee appointed in eepy coonty, with inteoctionstnresist eveey one, he he Repoblion ne Demnoerat, who tons feiendly to the Starr admtiniteation, who shoold attempt to he elected to the Legislatue; foe it was heee that Othorn peopoted to bilook the 'steels of the admipiteation. Whenevr, by renton of the tcrcity of Othornrorpet-baggees in any roanty where Fedeeat offiores were to hr fitted anod the dotiet were too multifaeious foe oneretwo prsont, recrittwoldhbesent fromoWashington to tnhe the enroot places. finch pertsoar areded no teaching on their arriral how to oppose Governor Reed, for that letson had hern taught themo hefore they left Washington. These officers had great inlamerc withsthe ignorant mattes, whn wereetaught hy them that they had heea tent hy the Goverramrnt to oppose Goovenor Reed. With this modemof warfare they would socceed inrerery election foe members of the Legislature to either carry the Republicao caunries against the administration, divide the Legislative delegation, or elrct a Democratic drlegation. The latterewasas greataovictory tothem as the former, as it tended to show the authorities at Washington that ther Govrnor, thongh a Repuhlicao, was not hached op hy hit party, and enahle Osborn to tecore the appointment of alt the applicants whom hr rrocomeoded. To aid thrsr nfficehnlders to carry nat the plans of Oshorn, the freedmen mere told that Doorrnan Reed had gone ocer to the "Rebel Democrracy." This nf coarse alarmed the freedmen and for a time anited she most of them against the Goernor. In she meantime the Oshoen-Forman faction began to subsidize such men arGoss, J.E.A. Daeidson, R. M. Ran- dall, and j. S. Adams, who wereenow sostaining Reed, nd were in favoe of straightforward, honest Repaublicanism, whilr tost of the colored leadrsnweer erluctantso glee theirfull supprtssa theGovrnoor, from the fact of his not having putonerof their race in his Cahinet. The Gooernorrealizing this fact, and atone of she snere which Oshorn had constructed foe him, sent foe C. H. Pearce, colored, who had hee ousted from she Constisa- ra]lcounties,hbtossthe officers of thefState and county hadsto reeive their steelnfgs and pay in State and coanty scrip at a discount-sometimes more than one-half-and the Federal offi- ers were paid in greenhachs, it was an easy mtoater to getsthese spoilsmrn to swear undying allegiance so Oshorn. These Federal officers were appointed in evry coanty, with instructions so reist evry one, he he Republican or Democrat, who tons friendly to the Starr admnistration, who should attempt to be elected to the Legislatue; for in was here thae Oshoro proposed so flinch the wsheets of the administration. Whenever, fly reason of the scarcity of Osborn carpet-baggers in any coansy where Fedral offices were to he filled and she dusies were err multifarious foe one or two persons, recruits world he seat from Washington so tahe the vcanel places. Such persons needed no teaching on their Leriont how to oppose Goornor Reed, foe that lesson had heo taghe them before they left Washington. These officers had great influec with the ignorant masses, who were taght by them that they had hero sent hy the Gooernment so oppose Governor Reed. With this moderof warfare they would sorcerd in evry election foe members of the Legislature to either carry the Republican counties against the administration, divide the Legislation delegation, ar elect a Democratic delegation. The latterewasasogreataoiictory tothemas the locater, as it tended to show the aothorities at Washington that the Goveraor, though a Republican, was not bached op fly his party, and enable Osborn to secre she appointment of all she applicants whom he recammended. To aid these officeholders to carry oat she plans of Osharn, she freedmen were told that Govror Reed had gone oier so the "Rehel Demsocracy. " This of coarse alarmed the freedmen and for a time unised she moss of them against the Governor. In the meantime the Osharn-Parman faction hegan to subsidize such menas Goss, J. E. A. Davidson, E. M. Ran- dall, and j. S. Adams, who were now sustaining Reed, and wee in favor of straighefoeward, honest Repuhlicanismo, while most of theecolored leaders wereeeluctntetogie theirfull suppert to the Governr, from the fact of his not haoing putonerof their race in his Cahinet. The Governorerealizing chit fact, and aware of the snare whieh Oshorn had construed foe him, sent for C. H. Fearce, colored, who had heeourated from the Coastisa- CARPETBAG RULE IN FLORIDA. 87 rnlecounties, hutsasethe officers of thefState and coanty hadlao receive their stealings and pay in State and conty scrip at a discont-somtimes moe than oar-half-nd she Federal offi- cers were paid in greenbachs, is war an easey matter to get these spoilsaren to swear undying allegiane en Oshorn. These Federal officers were appointed in evry county, with instraclions to resist rompy one, hr hr Republicn or Democrat, who wan friendly to thn State admsinistration, who shoald attempt tn be elected to she Legislarure ; for it was here that Osorn peoposed so bloch she wheelt of the admipisnration. Whenever, by reason of she scaresity of Osbornocaret-baggers in any conty where Federal offices were to he filled and the dasies were too multifarious for oneoretwoperors, recraits would be sentfrom Washingtonato take she cacaot places. Sach persons needed o teaching on their ;Irical hdw to oppose Gooernor Reed, for that lesson had hero taught them before thry left Washington. These officers had great influence with theignorant masses, whoawere taught by themrshat they had heenosent hysthe Governoment to oppose Goovernor Reed. With thistmode of warfare they would snored in erery election for memrs of the Legislatue to either carry the Republican coantirs against the administration, divide she Legisltive delegation, or elect a Democratic delegation. The latter was as great a oicsory so them no she formser, as is tended to show the authorities as Washington that the Govcernor, though aRepublicn, was not hached ap by his party, and enahle Orb orn so sece the appointment of all the applicants 'shom he recommended. Ta aid these officeholders to carry oat she plans of Oshorn, the freedmen were told that Goornor Reed had gone acr so the "Rebel Demoracy." This of course alarmed thn freedmen and for a time united the most of them against the Governor. In the meantime the Oshorn-Partoan faction hegan tomsbsidize such men as Goss, J. R. A. Daoidson, E. M. Ran- dall, and J. S. Adams, who were now sustaining Reed, andwre in favor of straightforward, honest Republicanism, while most of thecoloed leaderstwere relcanotto glee their fullsuppors to the Governor, from she fart of hisot having pot one of their rare in his Cahines. The Govrnor reaizing this fact, nd aware of she snare which Oshorn had constructed foe him, scant for C. H. Pearce, colored, who had hee ousted from the Constita-  88 CARETBAG noLE to FORIDtA. tional Conventin by Osboen & Co., and weho had note been elected to the Senate from the Eighth Senatorial District hy a large toajority, and had a cootultation wteje hint teith referene to the conspieacy that Osboen and hit officeholders had fanned to resit hit admninisteation. Pearce teas convinced that the Goternor teat sineree in trying en admninittee the goovenent teith honetty and pledged himttelf to do twhateer he could to enlighten hit people at to the trtte intention of the admninistra- tin. M. Peaeceteas anministenf tbeA. M.RE.GChoech, and had great influence wteih the colored people theroghout the State. He teat enlitted at an active agent and fuenished teith smoney to visit the eaeious eounties tehere tenable exsed and quiettenapprehenoionseof thefeedmnte; and hereodered geat sriein Leon, Gadsden, Franklin, Hamcilton and other coon- tines, in allaying the fence of the coloeed measses, who tee being constantly excited by appeals of the false leadners against the old wehite citizensnand Goverore Reed, wehotwastchaegedtwithhbeing theie ally. Thin movee on the puet of Goceenoe Reed had the effect ofnmtereingthentostofthe coloredntinisters tohisnsp- pant. The meinistees theroghout the State began to teach themr engeegations that Reed teas the emebodimtent of true Repobli. eaniont, tehile Oshoen & Co. weee nteee trichsters end offie. seeers, wehich in tinte unised a laege mtajoeity of the coloeed voters in favornof the admtinisteationof Reed. The Goerenoe neat detnentined en makhe no attach on the conspieators ecept when he weold inteepose his veto tocoeeupt teeatones; hot he held himelf in readiness foe ehent to do themr tenet. On the 3d day of Noventbee the mtembers of the Legislaeture met in cnenstin at Tallahassee to appoint the electoes of Pesi- dent and Vice-Pesident, the Legislature at its precious tension having peroided this mondenof election. Ofecouese the cone of the State teat givn to U. S. Geant. Janet D. Geeen, of Mana- tee County, teas appointed as meessengner to convey the resulteto Washington. A commnittee of the conventin namted on Gov. Reed sod notified hint ofetheir assembbing and ashed if he had en omntnoicationoto meahe. He replied that he bad none- that they wee not sitting as a Legislatue bat as a contention foe a specific puepose-that done they had only to adjoun. They claimted mileage and pee diemt, and proposed to appropriae 88 CAREonAG RcLENFOIA linal Gononon by Osborn & Go., and who bad note been elected to the Senate feant the Eighth Senatorial District by a large mtajnority, and had a cantoltation teith hint teith reference en the conspiracy that Oshoen and his officeholdees bad fornted to reitic his administeatin. Pearce tent concinced that the Goennr teat sincee in teying to adminittee the gooventent with honesty and pledged himseelf to do tehateer ho could to enlighten his people as to the tetue intention of the admtinistea- tin. Mr.fPeaeeewas anministee oftheA. M.R.Church, and had geat influnce teith she coloed people theroghout she State. He teat enlisted as an notice agent and fuenished teith mnoneytnoisit the varioas counties wheee enoble existendand quiet the appeehensionsonfthe feeedmen ; and heerenderedgeast sevc nLoon, Gadsden, Feanklin, Hamilton and other coon- tins, in allaying she feaes of the coloeed masses, whbo tee being constantly excited by appeals of the false leadees against the old wehite citizens andGoenor Reed, wchonwascharednwithhbeing theie ally. This te on the pant of Gocvernoe Rend had the effect of muestering the monst of the coloed mnisters to his sop- port. The meiniters theroghout she State began to teech their congegations that Reed teas the embodiment of tone Ropebli. canient, while Oshoon & Co. te mere trichstens and office. seekers, which in time unised a lange meajority of the colned verns in favoreof the administradionnof Rend. The Goovernor neat determned to make no attack on the conspirators except when he would interpose his onto en corrupt measurns; hot he held himelf in readiness foe them to do themr nonest. On the 3d day of Neoenbe the memnters of the Legislaturn met in econntin at Tallahassee to appoint the electorn of Presi- dent and Vice-Pesidnt, the Legislatnee as its previous session hoeing procided this teode of election. Ofenoorse the cate of the State wsea giono U. S. Gens. James D. Geen, of Mana- tee County, was appointed astmessengentonconvey thenesultto Washington. A comtenitee of the contention wanited on Go. Rend and otified hint oftheir eassembliog and asked if he had any comntnicatinto make. He renplied that he had non- that ehep wee not sitting as a Legislatune hot as a concenein foe a specific punpose -that done they had only en adjoun. They claimed mieage and pee diemt, and proposed to appropriate 8 CAnETBAG RULEtINFORIDA. linal Convention by Osborn & Co,and whbo had owebeen elected to the Senate frot the Eighth Senatoria District by a large teejority, and had aecnsltation teith hint nith reference to the conspiracy that Osbon and his officeholders had formted en resist his admntistatoin. Pearce teas concinced that the Gocverore non sincee in toying en admniniser the goceenteent eith honety and pledged himelf en do wehatee ho could to enlighten his people an to the terte intention of the admtinistra- tion. Mr.Parce was anministeofstheA.M.E. Church,and had great influence teith the colored people throughont the State. Ho teat enlised an an action agent and furnished wteih meonyton-isit the enemaus countins where tenable existed and quieheeapprehonsionsofethefeedmen; andheneredngreat servcein Leon, Gadeden, Franhlin, Hamilton and nobhno coon- ties, in allaying the fears of the colored masses, who tee being cnstandly excited by appeals of the false tendons against the old white citizens andGovoeror Reed, whotwasnchargedewthbing ther ally. This te on the part of Gocenore Reed had the effect ofnmutering thenmost of the notated ministestohis sup- poft. The ministers throughout the State began to teach ther cengegations that Rood teas the embodiment of tre Ropebli. eanient, while Oshon & Co. noon meree trieksters and office- seehnrs, which in time unied a lare majority of the coloed eoters in faoreof the admnistrationof Reed. The Gooveror wan deteemined to make no attach en the eonspirators ecpt when ho weould inerpose his onto to coreupe measuet hat he held himsnelf in neediness foe them to do ther worse. On the 3d day of Noebere the meers of the Legisleture mtin conenion atTalahasee to appoint te electosofPesi- dent and Vice-Presidnt, the Legislature at its previoas session hating provcided this tende of election. Ofecourse the oto of the State teas given to U. S. Deane. James D. Green, of Mana- teneCounty, wan appointed as messengerto cnveythe esultto Washington. A comtetee of she conoention waeited n Gee. Rend and otified hint of ther assetebling and asked if he had any comntnicationn teahe. He replied that be had non- thee they weree ot sitting as a Legisleture bat as aoconoentin fee a specific purpose-that doone they had nly en adjouen. They claimed meileage and per diem, and poposed to appopriate  CARPETBAG RULE IN FLORIDA. 89 CARPETBAG RULE IN FLORIDA. 89 CARPETBAG RULE IN FLORIDA. 89 money foe this porpose. The Governor remtinded them that they had draw'n their satary forethe year and could only claim mileage, which he would accord to them from the executive contingent fond. They otnanimously demanded to he called inl special legitlative session, nstensihly foe the sole poepose of appropriating pay. The Goveenoe, although folly advised nf the porpose of Othoern and his tatellites to suspend hint hy a resolotion of impeachment, thinhing it hest to have the fight opened then and there, acceded en the demand of the conven- tion and called them in special session fornaspecific purpose. Oshornos gattg immediately foeced thrnngh the Assenmhly the following resolution: Reoltved, That a committee of theee he appointed to poepare andeport articles ofimpeachment aginst Haeeison Reed, Gov- ernor of Florida, with power to send foe peesons, papers and records, and totaktetestimonynundr oath. H. S. Harmon, colored, Green of Manatee, and M. L. Steaets wete appointed this committee. The resolntios was repoeted tn the Senate as though Goveenoe Reed had heen impeached, hot the Senate was sitting withont a qoeum, as the Democeats were not in theie seats, as were not snme of the Repuhlicans; therefoee theie penceedintgs fell fiat to the ground, so fae as itafftoted the eight of Reed In act at Goveenoe was cnnceened. William H. Gleatott, Lieutenant-Goernor, and Geore J. Alden, Reed's Secretaey of State, inteepeeted this action on the paet nf the Assemhly a little differently feom that of Goverore Reed and his friends, and differeestfeom all peece- dents of impeachment trials antd intvestigations. The Constitu- tion of the State making it the duty of the Lieutenant-Goernor to act as Governor in ease of impeachment of the Goereno, was made to say that the fact of a resolution heing passed hy the Assemhly asking foe aeticles of impeachment to he prepared was eqoivalent to suspensiuot, and therefoe Gleason was Governo. Alden, who hefoee his appointment as secretary was frozen stiff with poveety, had hogan to pass through the process of thawing from the genial influetce of agood salaryhbestowedoupon himhby the hand which he now attempts to kite. Glens on sets op his claim as Governoe at the old hotel in feost of the Capitol, while money foe this puepose. The Govrenor eeminded them that theyhbad deawn theie salaey foe the yeae and coold ontly claim mileage, which he would accoed to them feom the executive contingent fond. They unanimously demanded to he called in special legislatice session, ostentihly foe the sole purpose of appeopriating pay. The Goveroor, although folly advised of the purpose of Oshorn and his satellites to suspend him hy a esolotion of impeachment, thinking it hest to hose the fight opened then and there, acceded to the demand of the contven- tion and called them in special session for aspecific pupose. Osboen's gaog immediately forced through the Assemhly the following resoution: Reoled, That acommittee of threehbeappointed to pepare anderepoet articles of impeachment against Harriton Reed, Goe- ernor of Floeida, with powee to send foe persons, papees and records, and to taketetimonyunder oath. H. S. Harmon, colored, Greens of Manatee, and M. L. Sitens weee appointed this committee. The reesolotiont was repoted to the Senate as though Governor Reed hadhbeen impeached, hot the Senate was sitting without a quorum, as the Democrats mere nut in theie seats, at were not some of the Repohlicans; theefore theie peoceedings fell fiat to the geound, so faros it affected the eight of Reed to act as Goeenoe was conceened. William H. Gleasott, Lieotenant-Goerno, and George J. Alden, Reed's Seceetaey of State, inteepeeted this action on the part of the Assemhly a little differently feom that of Governor Reed and his feiends, and different feom all prece- dents of impeachment teials and investigations. The Constitu- tion of the State making it the duty of the Lieotenant-Governoe to act as Goeenoe in case of impeachment of the Goveenoe, was made to say that the fact ofaeresolution heing passed hy the Assembly asking foe aeticles of impeachment to he peepared was equivalentto sspension, and theeefoee Gleason was Governoe. Alden, who hefoee his appointment as secretary was feroen stiff with poveety, had hegun to pass theough the peocess of thawing feomwthe genial influence of agood salaeyhbestowedoupon himhby the hand which he now attempts to hite. Gleanson sets oip his camas Goveenor at the old hotel in feont of the Capitol, while mosey for thit puepose. The Governor eeminded them that they had deaws theie salary foe the yeae and could only claim mileage, which he would accord to them feom the executive contingent fond. They unanimously demanded to he called in special legislative session, ostensihly foe the sole puepose of appropriating pay. The Goveenoe, although folly adcised of the puepose of Oshoen and hit satellites to sutpend him hy a eesolution of impeachment, thinking it hest to hove the fight opened then and theee, acceded to the demand of the conven- tion and called them in special settion for aspecific puepose. Gthoen's gang immediately foeced theoogh the Assemhly the follomwing eesolotion: Reolved, That a committee of three he appointed to peepae andertarticles of impachment against Harison Reed, Gov- ernor of Florida, with power to send foe persons, papers and records, and to tahe testimony ondee oath. H. S. Haemon, coloed, Green of Manatee, and M. L. Stearns were appointed this committee. The eesolotion was reported to the Senate as though Governor Reed hadhbeen impeached, hot the Senate was sitting withoot a qoreum, as the Democrats were not in their seats, as were not someof the Repuhlicans; therefore theie proceedings fell fiat to the ground, so far asit affected the right of Reed toat asGovernor was concerned. William H. Gleasont, Lieutenant-Goernor, and George J. Alden, Reed's Secretaey of State, interpreted this action on the part of the Assemhly a little differently from that of Governor Reed and his friends, and different from all prece- dents of impeachment trials and investigations. The Constitu- tion of the State making it the duty of the Lieutenant-Governor to actors Governor in case of impeachment of the Goernor, was made to say that the fact of aresolotion heing passed hy the Assemhly asking fur articles of impeachment to he prepared was equivalerttto sospension, and theefore Gleason was Governor. Alden, who hefore his appointment as secre tarp was froaen stiff with poverty, had hegon to pass through the process of thawing from the genial inflaence of agood salaryhbestowed uponhimhby the hand which hr now attrmpts to kite. Gleason sets op his claim as Governor at the old hotel in front of the Capitol, while  90 CARPETBAG RULE'tO FLORIDA. Governor Reed held the Capitol. Alden now detects Reed and rcognizes Gleason asGaovernor and steals the State seal oatof the Seceetaey of State's office aod attachet it to Gleason's doco- ments. This weentaon foe severat days, daeiog which time Reed's office seas gaeded night aod day hp aemed police. Gleason kecoming testlest at not getting possession of Reed's strooghold, ventured nne day to take possession hy steatagem. He came into the execstive office wsithout saying anythiog to Goceror Rend, and sat there foe some time. Geoege B. Carse, Adjotant- General, a very impulsioe man, who undeestood the scheme of Gleason, ataonce oedeeed hiw ootof theeoom. Gleasonomade answee that this wasna pobtic office and that he would not go ot, wehereupon Cacte madea longe at him withsone handwith a revolvee in the othee. Gleason wore a line heacee hat, which swent one way while he went the otheehetreteating indooble quick time to the seat of his hotel goceenment. The night fob- lowiog the day on which Gleason made his disgeacefal retreat Goveenor Reed madeup his miodtodmone onthe works ofthe enemy. He commencedethettach byfieot using his peuoing- knife in his Cahinet. He heheaded Aldeo and appointed Jooa- than C. Gihhs, colored, as Seceetaey of State, and gane him possession of the office, and is a few inates Gihhs was seated hehind his desh receiving the congeatulatioos of hit friends. Numhees of freedmen wece sent foe feom theconoly to witness and nongratulote oneaf their tact sittiog is the Capitol as Secee- tary of State. These calls and congeatolatioos went on until the nest day, when Alden undertooh to estee the door of the Secee- tary'sooffice. Hle wasat once oedered away hy the Goneenoe's police and the crowd of freedmen, who did not propose to see Me. Gihhs distarhed. He was told hp one of the freedweo that the sceptee hadfoeeeedepattdfeom him, as he hadosinnedoagainst Gonernor Reed. He retmonstrated with them and told them, "IASl of os are tue Repuhlicans, my colored friends;" hat th e freedmen retoeted, "Vou no 'pubhican if yosse wool to gs is Mr. Gihhss ffice." He was not long in finding outsthatitowas safee foe him to he somewehere else, aod with tremhling limhs made hasty steps away and repsred to the wily Gleaosn what gret disastee had hefallen on of the gang. The appointment of Me. Gihhssunquestionahly added seep moterial strength to 90 CARETBAG nULo'I Ft LOntDA. Gnvernoe Reed held the Capitol. Alden now detects Reed and recognines Gleason as Goveenor and steals the Stale seal oat of the Seceetaey of State's office aod attaches it en Gleaso's does- menes. This went on foe seeal days, dating which time Reed's office was garded night and day hy aemed police. Gleason hecoming restless as not getting possession of Reed's stesnghold, ventueed one day to take possession hy steatagem. He came into the executie office without saying anything to Goneenoe Reed, and tat thee foe some lime. Geoege B. Coese, Adjotant- General, a very impulsive man, who undeestood the scheme of Gleason, at once oedeeed him outofltheesoom. Gleasonomade answee that this was a puhlic office and that he woold not go ot, whereupon Caese madenlsouge athimwwith one hand with a revolvee in the othee. Gleoson wore a line heavee hot, which went one way while he weot the oshee, he retreatiog is douhle quick time to the seat of his hotel goveenwent. The night fol- lowing the day on which Gleason made his disgeaceful eetreot Goveenoe Reed made op his wind tS wont on the woths of the enemy. He commenced the attackhy irst sing his peuning- knifei in his Cahinet. He heheaded Alden and appoioted Jona- than C. Gihhs, coloned, as Seceetoey of State, and gone him possession of the office, and in a few minotes Gfihbs was seated hehiod his desk eeceiving the congeatslatisns of his friends. Nuamhees of fceedmen were sent foe from the countey to witness and congeatulate oneaof theie eace silting in the Capitol as Secee- tney of State. These calls and congeatolations west on unoil the next day, when Aldensundeetookto etee the dooreof the Secee- eaeysoffice. He was at once odeed away hy the Goneenoe's policeand the ceowd of freedmen, who did not peopose to see Mt. Gihhs distuehed. He was told hp one sf the freedmen that the sceptee hadfoeer depaeted from him, as he hadsinned against Goneenoe Reed. He reewonstrated with them and told them, 'All of us ace tese Repuhlicans, my coloeed friends;" hst the freedmen retoeted, You no 'pohlican if posse want to go is Me. Gihhs' office." He was not long in finding otthat it was safee foe him to he somewheee else, and with teemhling limhs made hasty steps away and repoted to the wily Gleasonowhat great disastee had hefallen one of the gang. The appointment of Me. Gihhssunqoestionahly added neey moterial strength to 90 CARPETBAG nULEI FtORItDntA. Gnveenoe Reed held the Capitol. Alden now deseets Reed and recognizes Gleason asGoenoe and steals the State seal ostof the Secretaey of State's office and atthes it to Gleason's dons- ments. This went son foe several days, doting which time Reed's office was goarded night and day by sewed police. Gleason kecoming resttless at sat getting possessios of Reed's steronghoid, ventured one dopeso take powsewsion hysteatagem. He came into the eoecutine office withoot saying anything to Goneenoe Reed,oand sat theeforessme time. GeoegeSB. Comse, Adjutant- General, a seep impolsine man, who undeestood the scheme tf Gleason, so once ordered him sout of the room. Gleason made answee that this was a puhlic office and that he would not go out, whereupon Coese madeoalungeat him with one hand with a renolnee in the othee. Gleason wore a fioc henner has, which wenteone waywhile he went the othe, heeeaeting indsohle quick time to the seat of his hotel goveenment. The night fol- lowing the day on which Gleason made his disgeacefol reteat Gonernoe Reed madeup his mind tnmone on theworks ofthe enemy. He commencedsthe attackhbylirst osing his prsning- knifei in his Cahinet. He heheaded Alden and appointed Jona- than C. Gibbs, coloeed, as Secesaep of State, and gone him possession of tho office, and in a frw minutes Gihhs was seated behind his desk teneiving she congeatulotions of his friends. Numhees of freedmen were sent foe from the coontry to witnews and congeatolate one of theie tone sitting in the Capitol as Secte- taep of State. These calls and congeatolations went on ontil the next day, when Alden ondertook to enter the dose of the Secee- tarepsoffice. He wasoatsncenordeedoawapybythe Goneenoe's policeoand the cowd of freedmen, who did not peopose to see Me. Gihhs distuehed. He was told by one of the freedmeo that the scepter hod forevee depaeted from him, as he had sinned against Goveense Reed. He remonwsraed with them and told them, " IASl sf usee tre Repuhlicans, my coloeed friends;" hot the freedmen retorted, "T oo no 'pohlican if posse want to go in Me. Gihbs' office." He was not long in findiog out that is was safr foe him to he somewhere else, and with tremhling limhs mode hasty steps awaypand reported to the wily Gleasonowhat greats disastee had hefallen one of the gong. The appsintment of Me. Gibbsounquestionablypaddednverymateial wtetsgth to  CARPETBAG RULE IN FLORIDA. 9it Governr Reed fronm the freedtmen. They Rowe tow that the mnwhom the catpetbag elemeot hod beet denouncing as their enemy mat mote ditpoted to deal justly by them than wee hit tradocets. Secret watchers mete kept ont the ttack of Gleaton and Aldtn until RRed coold sharpen his koife foe the decapita- tion of Gleasoo. On the 9th of Nocembee Govetrnor Reed, therough his Atetoey-Geoerol, Meek, attitted by j. P. Soodee- toE, Me. D. Papy atd A. J. Poeler, filed a petition io the Supeeme Coort of the Statt askitg foe a melt of qoo woecanto againt W. H. Gteasoo, tequiting him to show caose whyhetshoold nooebe onsted feotm the offict of Lieutenant-Goernot of tht Slate of Plotida, he not hasvitg beoo a citiaeo of the State two years, as recqoired by the Gonstitutin. D. S. Walkee and Horatio Blisbee, Jr., appeated foe tke respoodeot. One of Gleason's pttas was that Governore Rted had solicited him so tot fot the office, ohich wasnontrue, fnt Reed had pesonllyprotesed against hisetuo- Bing, andoffiered himnaCabinet positionoif hewolddeline; atothet was that Gosveroe Reed hod institated skis st sin pot- snance of a pledge madetso Gleason that if ht peteisted in his effoet to tnpplaot him ke woold out him hy legal peocess. The proof mat conclusive that he mat holding offict in violation of the Constitutioo, and he was, thetefote, osted from his place on Lieutenant-Governor of Florida. He appnaltd to tht Sopeeme Cones of the United States, so an to hold on in name, hoe not in fact, tothe officetldhis termwold epie. Heknew, of couese, that the Supeeme Couet of the United States had tno joeisdiction of the case. The Osboern factioo had by thete two oustees leaened something of eke fighting qualities of Reed, and theeafere mocedmwith mote caution when they detemined to attack hint. The object of the Dsboen gang woe to get Reed ont of themway and put Gleason in as Governor, andfloaio Jenkins man en he appointed Lieutenant-Governo, and he, being one of Osbonns henchmen, would not theow obstactes in the may of legislation that might he inteoduced em eneich the gang. The deposition of Alden and Gleason mat a tereible hlow to them and the balance of these companin; bnt the Legislatne appeopeiated two ehousand dollaes to Gteason foe atoneyts feet and enpenses in mahing the fight. In view of the condnct of she Legislature and the consequent CARETBAG RUnLEIN LORIDA. fit Goveenot Reed from the freedmen. Thny now saw that the man mhom the caepeebag element had been denooncleg as their enemy was mote disposed en deal jostly by them than mere his traducees. Seceet watchees mere kept on the teach of Glenson and Aid en ntil Reed could shnrpen his knife foe the decapita- tin of Gleaton. On the pth of Nocembee Goveenoe Reed, therough his Ateonee-Gonetal, Meek, assisted by J. P. Sander- son, M. ft. Papy and A. J. Peelee, filed a petition in the Supeeme Couet of the State asking foe a welt of qo wateanto against W. H. Gleaton, requieing himetoshowmcaotemkhybe shonld notsbe ousted from the office of Lieotenant-Governor of the State of Floeida, he not basing keen a citizen of the State two years, as eeqnieed by eke Conseitution. D. S. Walkee and Horatio Bisbe, Jrt., appeaeed foe the tespondent. Otne nf Gleasonts pleat mat that Governor Reed had solicited him to eon foe the office, which watounteue, foe Reed had peesonalyprotesemdagainsthisron- ningrandoffered hima Cabinet position ifhe woulddecline; anotheewas that Goveor Reed had instttedethisstalsnpur- tuance nf a pledge made en Glenson ehotsif he peesisted in his effoet to sopplant him he would out him by legal peocett. The proof was conclusice that he was holding office in violation of the Contitution, and be was, shetefote, onsted feom his place as Lieutenant-Goceenoe of Ploeida. He appealed en the Supeeme Couee of the United States, soons en hold on in name, hot not in face, to the office undl his teem wonld enpiee. He knew, of couese, that the Supeeme Cones of the United States hod no jnrisdiction of the case. The Debate faction had by these two onstees leatned something of the fighting qualities of Reed, and theteaftee moed with mote caution when they deteemined to attach him. The ohject of the Dsboen gang mot to get Reed outeof the way and put Gleason innas Governoe, and Hotatio Jenkins was en he appointed Lieutenant-Goveenor, and be, being one of Dsboen's henchmen, mould not thenow obmtacles in the may of legislation that might he inteoduced en eneich the gang. The deposition nf Alden and Gleason was a teetihle blow to them and the balance nf these companions; hoe the Legisltue appeopeiated two shousand dollats so Gleason foe atnerney's frets and expenses in making the fight. In vlew of the conduct of the Legislatnee and the consequent CAnRETBAGRULEINcLORIA. 95 Gneenoe Reed from the freedmen. The1 now saw that the man whom the carpetbag element had been denouncing as teir enemy was mote disposed en deal justly by them than mete his tadocees. Secet watchers mete kept on the teach of Gleason and Aldenntil Reedouold shaepen hie knife forethedecapim- tion of Gleason. Dn eke gth of November Gocetrner Reed, throngh his Attoenep-Genetal, Meek, assisted by J. P. Sandee- eon, M. D. Papy and A. J. Petite, Siled a petition in the Sapeeme Cones of eke State asking foe smelit of qo mateonto against W. H. Gleason, tequieing him tooshow causewhy heeshould nothbe ousted fromthenoffice ofLiesenant-Gcennt of the State of Ploeida, he not hacing hems a citizen of she State two years, an teqaieed bytshe Conseieueion. Dt. S. Walker and Hoeatio Bisbee, Jr., appeared fortheesponden. Otne offleason'spleasmwas thne Goeenoe Reed had solicited him en eon fr she office, which was nntrue, foe Reed had personnlly protested against histrnn- ning, and offered him a Cabinet position if he would decline; another was that Goceenoe Reed hod institated skit sole in pur- suance nf a pledge mode en Gleason that if he peesisted in his effoet en supplane him he would out him by legal peocem. The proof man conclusive that he was holding office in violation of the Constitution, and be was, thetefoe, ousted frnm his place as Lieutenant-Goceenoe of Ploeida. He appealed en she Supeeme Cones of eke United Stes, en astn bold on in name, hoe not in fact, tonthe office untid his teem would enpie. He knew,nof conese, that eke Supeeme Cones of the United States had o jnrisdiction of the cate. The Dsboen faction had by these two osete learned something of she fighting qualisies of Reed, and theeaftee moved with mote caution when they deteemined so attach hint. The object of eke Dsboen gang man en gee Reed otofethe wayandyput Gleason in asfGovernor, and Hoaio Jenkins was en be appointed Lieutenant-Governo, and he, being one of Osborn's henchmen, mould not theom obstacles in the way of legislation that might be introduced em eneich the gang. The deposition of Alden and Gleason was a terrible blow en them and the balance nf thee companions; hoe the Legislatue appropriated ewe thousand dollats en Gleason foe attoeney's feet and expenses in making eke fight. In ciew of the condnct of she Legislature and the consequetn  92 CARPETBAG RULE IN FLORIDA. misapprehension and mutual distrust of the blacks and whites, the Governor determined to secure some armament for the State in case military force should become necessary. He visited Washington and sought the aid of the government by claiming from the Ordnance Department the issue of the arms due the State under a rule which had been suspended during the war. This was denied. He then called upon Governor Andrew of Massachusetts and Governor Fenton of New York for a loan of arms. This failing, he purchased through a personal friend in New York two thousand stands of muskets and Enfield rifles and four thousand rounds of ammunition on a credit of four months, giving notes for $21,ooo. The arms were shipped and delivered at Jacksonville, where they were received by the Adjutant-Gen- eral, Carse, and General Houstoun, then president of the rail- road company, and placed on board the cars to be delivered at Tallahassee. A guard of Federal soldiers had been placed by General Sprague at the control of the Governor, but fearing difficulty if a military force appeared on the cars, General Houstoun guaranteed their safe delivery if the guard could be withdrawn. The arms were on board and the train started at night with the Adjutant-General in charge. The railroad employees, without the knowledge of President Houstoun, intro- duced into the cars with the arms men engaged to throw them out when they should reach Madison County, where a company of Dickinson's guerillas was placed along the road to seize and destroy them. All the ammunition and all but eight hundred of the guns were thus thrown out and destroyed, or carried away to be used by the enemies 'of the government. The rail- road company was responsible to the State for the loss, but the Osborn ring being implicated and in control of the Legislature, sought to involve Governor Reed and deprive him of the power and the means to pay the notes he had given, and the company was not called upon for the damages. Thus ended the first year of Governor Reed's administration. 92 CARPETBAG RULE IN FLORIDA. misapprehension and mutual distrust of the blacks and whites, the Governor determined to secure some armament for the State in case military force should become necessary. He visited Washington and sought the aid of the government by claiming from the Ordnance Department the issue of the arms due the State under a rule which had been suspended during the war. This was denied. He then called upon Governor Andrew of Massachusetts and Governor Fenton of New York for a loan of arms. This failing, he purchased through a personal friend in New York two thousand stands of muskets and Enfield rifles and four thousand rounds of ammunition on a credit of four months, giving notes for $2t,ooo. The arms were shipped and delivered at Jacksonville, where they were received by the Adjutant-Gen- eral, Carse, and General Houstoun, then president of the rail- road company, and placed on board the cars to be delivered at Tallahassee. A guard of Federal soldiers had been placed by General Sprague at the control of the Governor, but fearing difficulty if a military force appeared on the cars, General Houstoun guaranteed their safe delivery if the guard could be withdrawn. The arms were on board and the train started at night with the Adjutant-General in charge. The railroad employees, without the knowledge of President Houstoun, intro- duced into the cars with the arms men engaged to throw them out when they should reach Madison County, where a company of Dickinson's guerillas was placed along the road to seize and destroy them. All the ammunition and all but eight hundred of the guns were thus thrown out and destroyed, or carried away to be used by the enemies "of the government. The rail- road company was responsible to the State for the loss, but the Osborn ring being implicated and in control of the Legislature, sought to involve Governor Reed and deprive him of the power and the means to pay the notes he had given, and the company was not called upon for the damages. Thus ended the first year of GovernorReed's administration. 92 CARPETBAG RULE IN FLORIDA. misapprehension and mutual distrust of the blacks and whites, the Governor determined to secure some armament for the State in case military force should become necessary. He visited Washington and sought the aid of the government by claiming from the Ordnance Department the issue of the arms due the State under a rule which had been suspended during the war. This was denied. He then called upon Governor Andrew of Massachusetts and Governor Fenton of New York for a loan of arms. This failing, he purchased through a personal friend in New York two thousand stands of muskets and Enield rifles and four thousand rounds of ammunition on a credit of four months, giving notes for $21,ooo. The arms were shipped and delivered at Jacksonville, where they were received by the Adjutant-Gen- eral, Carse, and General Houstoun, then president of the rail- road company, and placed on board the cars to be delivered at Tallahassee. A guard of Federal soldiers had been placed by General Sprague at the control of the Governor, but fearing difficulty if a military force appeared on the cars, General Houstoun guaranteed their safe delivery if the guard could be withdrawn. The arms wereon board and the train started at night with the Adjutant-General in charge. The railroad employees, without the knowledge of President Houstoun, intro- duced into the cars with the arms men engaged to throw them out when they should reach Madison County, where a company of Dickinson's guerillas was placed along the road to seize and destroy them. All the ammunition and all but eight hundred of the guns were thus thrown out and destroyed, or carried away to be used by the enemies 'of the government. The rail- road company was responsible to the State for the loss, but the Osborn ring being implicated and in control of the Legislature, sought to involve Governor Reed and deprive him of the power and the means to pay the notes he had given, and the company was not called upon for the damages. Thus ended the first year of Governor Reed's administration.  CHAPTER VIII. The Meeting of the Legislature of 1869, and Another Attempt at Impeachment. Attempt to Bribe Members to Vote for Impeach- ment. Extracts from GovernorReed's Second Tessage. Gil- bert Compelled to Pay for His Seat in the United States Sen- ate. Reed's Vindication. The second session of the Legislature under the Constitu- tion of 1868, met on the fifth day of January, 1869, and organ- ized by electing M. L. Stearns, of Gadsden County, of freed- men's provisions notoriety, as Speaker of Assembly, which placed the lower house of the Legislature in the absolute con- trol of the Federal office-holders, the Senate being presided over by Gleason, who had appealed from the decision of ouster by the Supreme Court of the State to the Supreme Court of the United States. Samuel Walker, of the defunct Billings-Saunders faction-and elected to the Legislature from Leon County, now sought the opportunity to give active effect to his old prejudice against Governor Reed for being, as he said, instrumental in the overthrow of the Billings faction. Walker now renews the attack upon the Governor by reciting a resolution relative to impeachment passed at the November session. George P. Raney, Democratic representative from Franklin County, offered a substitute to the resolution, which reads as follows: WHEREAs, It is known to this Assembly to be publicly alleged that Harrison Reed, Governor of Florida, has done and committed acts wrongful and unlawful, therefore, be it Resolved, By the Assemby of the State of Florida, that a committee of five be appointed by the Speaker to inquire into and investigate the conduct, acts and doings of said Harrison Reed, Governor of Florida, and that the said committee be empowered and authorized to send for persons and papers, and take testimony upon oath in the premises; and that the said committee be required to report the result of its investigations at its earliest convenience during the present session; and that it accompany its report with the testimony taken in the said mat- ter." CHAPTER VIII. The Meeting of the Legislature of 1869, and Another AttemPt at Impeachment. Attempt to Bribe Members to Vote for Ipeach- ment. Extractsfrom GovernorReed's Second Mlessage. Gil- bert Compelled to Pay for His Seat in the United States Sen- ate. Reed's Vindication. The second session of the Legislature under the Constitu- tion of 1868, met on the fifth day of January, 1869, and organ- ized by electing M. L. Stearns, of Gadsden County, of freed- men's provisions notoriety, as Speaker of Assembly, which placed the lower house of the Legislature in the absolute con- trol of the Federal office-holders, the Senate being presided over by Gleason, who had appealed from the decision of ouster by the Supreme Court of the State to the Supreme Court of the United States. Samuel Walker, of the defunct Billings-Saunders faction-and elected to the Legislature from Leon County, now sought the opportunity to give active effect to his old prejudice against Governor Reed for being, as he said, instrumental in the overthrow of the Billings faction. Walker now renews the attack upon the Governor by reciting a resolution relative to impeachment passed at the November session. George P. Raney, Democratic representative from Franklin County, offered a substitute to the resolution, which reads as follows: WHEREAs, It is known to this Assembly to be publicly alleged that Harrison Reed, Governor of Florida, has done and committed acts wrongful and unlawful, therefore, be it Resolved, By the Assemby of the State of Florida, that a committee of five be appointed by the Speaker to inquire into and investigate the conduct, acts and doings of said Harrison Reed, Governor of Florida, and that the said committee be empowered and authorized to send for persons and papers, and take testimony upon oath in the premises; and that the said committee be required to report the result of its investigations at its earliest convenience during the present session; and that it accompany its report with the testimony taken in the said mat- ter." CHAPTER VIII. The Meeting of the Legislature of 1869, and Another Attempt at Impeachment. Attempt to Bribe Members to Votefor Inpeach- ment. Extractsfrom Governor Reed's Second Message. Gil- bert Compelled to Pay for His Seat in the United States Sen- ate. Reed's Vindication. The second session of the Legislature under the Constitu- tion of 1868, met on the fifth day of January, 1869, and organ- ized by electing M. L. Stearns, of Gadsden County, of freed- men's provisions notoriety, as Speaker of Assembly, which placed the lower house of the Legislature in the absolute con- trol of the Federal office-holders, the Senate being presided over by Gleason, who had appealed from the decision of ouster by the Supreme Court of the State to the Supreme Court of the United States. Samuel Walker, of the defunct Billings-Saunders faction-and elected to the Legislature from Leon County, now sought the opportunity to give active effect to his old prejudice against Governor Reed for being, as he said, instrumental in the overthrow of the Billings faction. Walker now renews the attack upon the Governor by reciting a resolution relative to impeachment passed at the November session. George P. Raney, Democratic representative from Franklin County, offered a substitute to the resolution, which reads as follows : WHEREAs, It is known to this Assembly to be publicly alleged that Harrison Reed, Governor of Florida, has done and committed acts wrongful and unlawful, therefore, be it Resolved, By the Assemby of the State of Florida, that a committee of five be appointed by the Speaker to inquire into and investigate the conduct, acts and doings of said Harrison Reed, Governor of Florida, and that the said committee be empowered and authorized to send for persons and papers, and take testimony upon oath in the premises; and that the said committee be required to report the result of its investigations at its earliest convenience during the present session; and that it accompany its report with the testimony taken in the said mat- ter. "  94 CARPE~TARULE INFLORIDA. This resolution teas adopted by a vote of thiety to five. SamsoelWalker, w'hoatflrtseemed tohaveheenso anios for investigations, voted agaiest the adoption of the resolution for the reason that he thought to extoet from the fGovernot the posi- tion of County ReveneeCollector dotiog the impeaehmsent in- vestigasion. Geoege P. Raney, a Democrat, mat appoioted choiemao of the envestigating committee, tehich placed fGovereor Reed betweeno ten flret. It teat the puepose of the IDemocvats to thote all the shortcomings and misconduet of the Repohli- eons so as to hreaok dame anything lihe respeetahie government, wehile the plundee-hoeting Repohicans, by orging impeachment, expected eithee to get rid of Reed hy impeachmens or to com- pel him to tech safety oodet their teing by pledging himself to pot his signatote to all their coreopt legislation. To he deiven to the ploodevers moold he certain disgeace aod death to his admioistration and she Republican poesy of the Sitate; and foe him, a life-long Repoblican, to he deiven to the Democeatic patty by these unprincipled men, weold stigmatize him both politically and moeally as a comaed. Relying opon on Alimise Providence and the hetter judgment of firi-minded meo of the Legislatore, Goveenoe Reed stood fiem as the vock of Gihealtat to his Repohlican faith. While the committee teat investigating the chaegesoagainst the Goveenor it hecome evidentstoteeplon- deres thatetheymwould nothbe able to ham-seeing him mithout beihing some of the memhers of the Legislatore. Thete eooms in the hotels mete the scene of cacuses eeey night, sometimes till neat day. The geeat desteoyer 'of the Divine promise of I"Ipeace onearth andgoodmwilltowcardmen,"mith itsdemson- lihe sedatess and hoetifying influence, man the chief attracti~on in these caucases. Men couldhbe teen staggeeing to and fro, breathing ot coeses against Hareison Reed, When conspira- tots weee convlaced that a membee of the Legislature could not be beguiled -by cigars and wehisky, they mould call hint ouside of the eoom to have a I"Ipeivate talkh" mieh him. Convention scripandgeeenbacksmwoldhbeoffeedbhim tofavorthe impeah- ment of Harison Reed. These nightecaucuses became so ridic- ulous and notoeioas that they beroght forth the folloming veto- lotion: 94 CARETBOA RULEt IN LORtDA. This eesolutian teas adopted by a vote of thiety to flee. SamueltWalkee, mbooatfiessseemedto havehbeenosoanious foe investigation, voted against the adoption of the resolation foe the eeason that he thought to estat from the Govevoe the posi- tion of County Revenue Collector doting the impeachmentein- vestigation. George P. Raney, a Democrat, man appointed chairman of the investigating committee, tehich placed Goveerner Reedhbetweenetmofiees. Itmwas the purpose of the Democvats to sham all the shortcomings and miscondoet of the Republi- cant so an so break dome anything lihe respeciable goveenment, tehile the plundee-hanting Republicons, by ueging impeachmsent, expected eithee toget eid of Reed by impeachment oe so vote- psi him so seek safety under theie wing by pledging himself so pot his signatuee to oil their coetupt legislation. To be deiven to the planderees moold he certain disgeoce and death to his odministration and she Repuhiican poesy of the fSase; and foe him, a life-long Republican, to be driven to the Democeatic poesy by these unprincipled men, would stigmatize him hash politicolly and moeally as a comard. Relying upon an Allmise Peocidence and she better jodgment of fait-minded teen of she Legislatuee, Goceenoe Reed stood herm as the rock of Gibealtat to his Republicon faith. While the committee teas invesigating theechaeges against theGoverore it became evidentetothe plun- dereesbattheymnould not be able to hom-string him nithout bribing tome of the mnembees of she Legislatore. Theie eooms in the hotels mere the scene of caucuses every night, sometimes till neat day. The greot destroyet 'of she Divine promise of Ipeace oneath and goodmwill tomard men,"twith its denmon- like redness and hoerifying influence, moo the chief otraction in these caucuses. Men coldhbe seen staggering to and fro, beathing outcurses against HarisnReed. When conspita- toes move convinced that a nmembet of the Legislature could not be beguiled by cigars and wehishy, they moald call him outside of she tones to haee a "peivate tlt m ith him. Convention scrip and greenbacstwould befOffeeed him tofavoe thimpeach- moent of HatrisnnReed. Theseenightnoaueuses becamse sotidic- uouoe and notorious that they brought forsh she follomiog team- lotion: 94 CAnETAG RULE IN FLORnIDA. This resolution teas adopted by a vote of shirty to flee. SamueliWalker, mho atfiestnseemedto have beensaoaious for investigation, voted against the adoption of she resolution foe she reason that he thought to extors from the Governortshe posi- tion of County Reenue Collectoe doting the impeachmentein- vestigotion. Geoege P. Raney, a Democeat, man appointed chairman of the investigating committee, tehich placed Goveenot Reedhbeentmo fires. Itwasethe purpose of teDemocrats to sham all the shotcomnings and msisconduct of she Republi- cans soons to beoh domn anything like resptectable governmens, mhile the plunder-hunsing Republicans, by ueging impeaehmsent, expected eithe to gettrid ofReedhyipechmentnorto com- pet him so seek safety undee their ming by pledging himself so pee his signatuee so oil their eoeeupt legislation. To he deiven so the plunderees would he certain disgece and death so his administrosion and she Republicon poesy of sthe State; and foe him, a life-long Republican, to be driven to the Democeatic poesy by these unprincipled men, would stigmatize him both politically and morally as a comord. Relying opon on Alimise Providence and thehbetter judgment of fair-minded men of the Legislature, Gocernor Reed stood herm as the rock of Gibealsat to his Republican faith. While the committee teas investigating the chaeges aginse thefGovernor it became eeidentstotbe plun- deees shattheymwould notsbe able to ham-sthing him wthout bribing some of the membees of the Legislatute. Theserom in the hotels mete the scene of caucuses every night, sometimes till neat day. The great destroyet 'of the Divine promise of I'Ipeace onearthand goodtwilltoweardmen,"tith itsdemton- lihe redness and hoerifying influence, teas the chief ateraction in sheteencucses. Menocouldhbe seen staggeringlto and fro, beathing oat comses against HarrisonoReed. Wheo conspiro- toes mete convinced that a member of she Legislature could not be beguiled by cigaes and tehisky, they mould coil him outside of the room to have a IIpeivote talk' m ith him. Convention scrip and greenbackstwould beaffeted himto favothimpeah- msentof Harrison Reed. These nightecaucuses became sovridic- atone and notations that they hbrought foeth the folloming team- lotion:  CARPETBAG RULE IN FLORIDA. 95 CARPETBAG RULE IN FLORIDA. 95 CARPETBAG RULE III FLORIDA. 95 "WHEREAS, It is publicly chaeged that ceetain persons haoo teceived latge sumstof m~oneyand State tstyi to iodoce saidpersosstoose theireioflueoce to induce mtemobers of this Assetobly to fasvoe imspeachmseot of His Excellenscy, Horeison Reed, Goveernr of this Statt; oand wchereas, It is poblicly chosged that soid persons ateso using theie influence with said memsbes; therefoe, be it Rolo/ed, Thot the commoittee appointed by this Assessbty to investigate she conduct and doings of Hiis Ecellencty Hatei- snReed, be andare heeeby direoctedto isvestigate said chages and ropoes tbt resole of teie invs'etigation ic she mtattee to this Assetoblytwith theireeepoet iR thetoattser of the affairssof His EncellencstHareisonsReed; and tht said comtoiteeoareootho- iaedsto sesdfoepeesonssto tsablt theto propeely to inestigate said chaeget." The Asstembly resolved itself ices a cotomittee of theoet on theeesootions. Thty sobsequetdyreported pogess and ashed leave to sit again. This resolotios acted as a bombs shelf inoshe camp ofhe cospiators, aod from the time ofits iro- doctioo astil the termination of the issestigations of she charges againsteGovernor Reed, theybhad oil they couldmanageto pe- vent being exposed and arested forebibey. The oigisal moesits this conspiracy weee anxious that she resolotion of investigatioR of she chaeges mode agaicstGoveeoe Reed should he passed before his annoal message mat received. They espected that the Goseror wouldeferto thecarges againtst htimself andmwould inthat mossage lay downohis express lise of defetsse; bat he, hksomiog mbat kisd of men be had to deal with didtsoserefereinsasymaer to his teaduces, ansdmaoyof shemt espeessed themselses as beisg satisfied that they would foece him ts resigns befote the issestigating cmmittee repoeted; hoe little did they htsow yet she "1otayiog " qoalities of she Gasv- The twa hoases ses iR joint session os she 7th day of the mtonthtoereceiv'e she message af the Goveeeore. The designa- tionsof the Lintcoln Beotheehood had Rose beeR chatsged by those Repoblicass mho desieed good goveermest to that of the Osborn Risg. The G oceenoe camte foewaed atsd delivered his message, wchich mas cleae asd logical. Among othee things he said: " Wish the elections of Ameeiea's geeat militaey chieftaint toathe highest office ints he ntatioR, the peace, melfaee and ptros- "WHREcAS, Is is poblicly chaeged that certain persos base eeceived laege sumssof mocey asd State sceip toaioduce said peesoss so ace theirtinfluence to induce membees of this Assemblysto facot impeachmeot of His Estcelleocy, Hareison Reed, Gov'eesoe of this State; aod wcheeas, Is is poblicly chaeged that said pesoss areoso csiog thceio nlucocemwith said members;stheoefoee,be it Reaclved, That the committee appoittd by this Assembly so itsoestigote the cotsduct and dotsgs of His Eocelleocy Harri- snReed, beasd are heeebp diectod to ocvestigate saidecharges and repoet she resuolt of tbeir inv'estigation io the mattee to this Assemblymwith theie eepott in teemattee of the affairs of His Encellsocv Hareisoo Reed; tnd tho said commiteeeate atho- ized to seod foe peesonssto enable them propeely to onvestigate said chaeges." The Assembly restolved itself isto a committee of tee wehole oo theeolotion. They subsequently eeported peogeess and asked leave to sit again. This resoiutioo acted as a bomb shell is the camp of the coospieatoes, and feom the time of its intro- ductionetsil the teemioation of the investigatios of she chaeges against Goeeoe Reed,they hadolltheycold mngeo pe- vntsbeing exposed and areeted foe bibey. Theceiginal toer i this conspitacy were asnxious that the resolution of investigation of the chaeges made agaiost Goveecor Reed should be passed befoee his anal message moo received. They enpected thatbteGovoernor wouldefeto thecharges againt himselfandmwould in that messago lay dowenhis ecpeess hone of defeose; bat he, knoming whbat bind of meo be had so deal with didtnoterefee inany mannsee to his toadacers, ansdmatsyof them espeessed themselvcs as beisg satisfied that they woald foece him so resign before the investigatitsg committoe eepoesed; hot little did they know yet the ' stayiog " qoalities of the Gon- The two hoases met in jaintsession on the 7th day of the monthtoaeceive the message of the Govnesr. The desigona- tionsof the Lincoln Beotheehood had ntow beeR changed by those Repoblicaets who desired good goceotsmeet to that of the Osboset Ring. The Goveretar came foerwaed atsd deliveeed his message, wehich mat cleat and logical. Amoetg othee things he said: " With the electioR of America's geeat military tchieftaiet to the highest offiee its the ntatiots, te peace, welfaee and pros- "WHEREAS, Is is poblicly chaeged that cetain peesos bave eeceived large sums ofmoney and State sceip to induce told persons to use theie influenceto iduce membees of this Assembly to favoo impechmeot of His Encellescy, Haetisoet Reed, Goveetsoe of this Seaso; asd whereao, Is is publicly chared that said peesons are so csing theieiflaeetcemwithsaid members; therefore, beit .Reaohred, That tho committeo appointed by this Assembly to investigaeothecontduct anddoings ofHisEcllecy Hari- snReed, beand are heeebypdiected to iocestigateesaid chages and tepoet the pesut cf theie investigatioo io the mattee so this Assembly with theie report io the mattee of the affaies cf His Excellency Harison Reed; acd the said commiteeaeaotho- hoed to sead foe peesns so esable them properly to iovestigate said chares." Tlhe Assembly eesolvced itself itsto a committee of the whbole oR the resolutio. They sabsequoely eepored poogoess atsd asked leave to sit again. This resolutioR acted as a bomb shell iR the camp of tho conspiratoes, aod feom she time of its intro- doction atntil the termination of she inestigotios of the chaegest agaiost Govnor Reed, they bad all they could manage tope- vntbeiog exposed aod aeeested foe bibey. The oiginal toes i this cospieacy weee anxious that tho resolotion of iovestigatioo of sho chasges made agaist Goveesoc Reed shoald he passed hofoee his annual mossage seas oeceived. They exspectedsthat theGaoerorwouldefer oetthecharges aaist himselfaodmwold io that messago lay downsis expresselboo of defese; hot he, ktsowitsg wehat hind of men hc had so deal with did Rot eefer its asp maonoer to his teaducees, aod many of them expeessed themselv'es as being satisfied that they woold foece him so eesign beftee she iooesdigading committee eepoesed; hoe little did they bkats yet the " stayitsg" qoalitios of the Cov- The too houses met its jains session oR the 7th day of the moothbtoeeceive the message of the Covesore. The desigsa- tions of the Lintcolnt Beosheehood had stai bees changed by those Republianes mho desied good ganeernment to that of the Oshoen Riog. The Govnetoe came foemard and deliveeed his message, mhieh wsta cleae atsd logical. Amoetg othee things he said: ''With the electiots of Ameelcas geeat mdlitaey chieftais so the highest office in tho etion, the peace, welfaee aod peos-  perty of the Unsiont is teeured, uon the besisof feedeomend equal eights. Theeghees etc beloced State violent oppesitieon to the Federal atority aed republicant goerntment hat coated, and all classes of the people yield ohedience to the toot. The lastemherseof the tote rehellhon oretoapidly dyingeout, antd tonr citizens, 'twithout distinction of race, color ee preevious coodi- site,' tee grodually unitiog in hehalf of conon interets end mtuatolposperity. The newly enfeanchised ciiens of colon sits side hy sideswith histwhise fellem-cisioeonwithoutsontagoism, in the cohinet, in the halts of legislotion, the jtey hot, ted ee she hotrds ef comomissioners-occupiestshe mtagisteose's chair, and execotessthe deceetofotithot ecitigioeneoe occastantng asperity. The change since yooe latt sesnis matvelout, and cols fot' gratefultrecognition." Inerefeering to the organization of the mtilitia, the Govenor told: "ISeveral nvonteerecotmpanies of patriotio citiens, hash wohite and cotored, hace hoen enrolled, and hone selected theic officers, hot in the sennsioe condition of the poputar mind I hone deemed it uncite so accept thete orgngooaotsons." The Legitlatue hoeing passedaatowcotitshfist meetingin 1868 authorizing the election ofahtote Priter, the freebooes hadeno trouhteto electone of their numher so than office. It hod heen pre-arronged hefoe the meetieg of the Legisltsoe of 1868 chat too-s Oshon ted his gong could enact to settee sheet the possession of the State fan years to come. "Vandalize the State," cot Oshorn's onder so Goveenor Reed. Imsmediately often the Gatente hod deticeed his message, the clog had the Legislattee to meet in joint session and elected E. M. Cheney, of Jachsonvidle-suhsequendlytinted wish the notoritous Yellow Bloff frtod-as Stone Printer. The ring now hod hoth Senators and the Representatice in Congress against the State administration, and she Jachsonville Union,a papee puhlished in the interest of Oshoen and Company, with E. M. Choney, editor. The ring, elated at the taccess of electing Cheney foe State Printer, and thinhing that they hod a taege majority of the Legistature as themr hachs, meet hotdty to the friends of Reed and informed them unltess Reed resigned his office as Gonesnos wtihin twnenty-four hones often Cheey's elec- deontas printerhe shoold he impeached and utterly disgraced, and if the eing had to go to the teouhte of impeaching and trp' 96 ceCPETGnRLE Nt FORIDA. perity of the Union is securedo pon thenhasisof freedomtand eqeal eights. Thooghoet onr heloced State vietent opposition to the Federal authority and eepubhican gocernment hat ceased, and all classes of the people yield ohedience to she tans. The lost emhers of the late rechellion one rapidly dying oot, tod one citizeos, 'withous distinction of taco, color on preevituscondi- slot,' areogradually uniting in hehalf of coton interests and musoal prospeity. 'rho nescly enfronchised ciien of colon als side hy side wish his nhite fellow-citien wtihot antagonism, in the cahinst, ia she halts of tegisatione, she jury haox, tand on the hboards of commissiones-occuies the magistrate's chain, and eoecuses she deerees of courtnwithoutteciingiolenceaor occasiontng aspcerity. 'The change since yourntastsaessionoi marelous, and call, foe gratefultrecognision." In referringsto she orgaoization of she mdii, she Governoe said: " Secetal volonseer companies of patriotic cisioens, hoth white and coloted, hoot heen entalled, and hte selected their officees, has in the nensisive condition of the popolar mind I have deemed it unwise so accept these oeganizations. " The Legitlatuce hoeing passedoalawot itsheist meeting in 1868 authorizing thenelectdon of a State Printer, she freehootes hod no trouhle to elect one of theie numher to that office. It hod heen pee-aernged hefoe the meesing of she Legislatune of 1868 chat tan's Oshosn and his gagmwould enact to settee them the possession of she State foe ye ass so come. ' Vandalize the State," man Oshoen's ander to Covenor Reed. Imtmediately atee she Coenor hod delivered his metsage, she sing hod she Legislature to meet in joint session and elected R. M. Cheney, of Jachsonville-suhsequenlystinsed woish she notoeioos Yetlow Btaff feted-os State Peinser. The ring nownhadhboshSenatoeseandsthe Represensasive in Congeess against the State administeation, and the Jachsonville Units, a papee puhlished in the lateness of Oshosn and Company, woith R. M. Cheney, edisor. The sing, elated at the success of electing Cheney foe State Psinter, and thinhieg that they had a longs majorisy of the Legistatuse at theie hachs, meat holdly to the friends of Reed and informed them unless Reed resigned his office as Govenorn within twenty-fous hates often Cheney's elsec- tion as printen, he should he impeached and utterlp disgrtoed, and if the sing hod to go to the troohle of impeaching and try- 96 CARETBAGt RULE tNO RIA perity of she Unon is tecued, uon thechasis offeedom and equal eights. Theeghost hobloced State vietent opposititn to theFederaloauthority andrepublican goenment hsceased, and all classes of she people yield ohedience so the tan's. The toss emhers of the late rehellion one rapidly dying eat, tod oun cisiens, 'wishous dissinctionaofrace, colon at pevioto coadi- sloe,' one geadually uniigin hehalf of comomon inteerests and mutual prspeity. Thenewly enfranchised citizennofcolor sits side hy side swith his chite fellow-citizen withoot antagooism, in she cahines, in she halts of legisltidon, she jeep hot, and on the hoards of commitsionens-occopies the magistrate's chain, and executet the deorees af cauttwith oat etchtingeviolence on occasonmng asperity. The change since yourelast session is marelous, and colts fan grasefultrecognition." In referingsto the orgaizatiaon of the militia, the Gonvernon said, " Several volunseer companies af patriotic citioens, hash chits and colored, have heen ensolled, and hone selected their officers, hot it the sensitice condition of she popular mind I hace deemed it unwise to accept these organizations." The Legislatoe hoeing passed alawcathishfistmeeding in t868 authorizingthetlection of a State Printer, the freehooters had no trouble so elect one of their numhber to shot office. It hod hen pre-aeranged hefore the meeting of the Legislature of x868 chat Ion's Osorn and his gangmwould enact to secure them she possession of the State foe years to come. "Vandlioe the State," cat Oshorn's ordee to Govenor Reed. Imtmediatnly tee the Gocernot hod deliveed his message, the sing had the Legislatore so meet in joint session and elected R. M. Cheney, of Jachsonvidle.-suhsequentdytainted with the nosonious Yellow Staff feted-as State Periter. The sing now hod hoth Senators and she Representatice in Congress against she State administration, and the Jachsonville Unshn, a popes puhlished la the lateness of Oshorn and Company, with E. M. Cheney, edison. The sing, elated as the sucenss of electing Cheney foe State Printen, and thinhing that they had a large majorisy of the Legislature as ther hochs, cent holdly so the friends of Reed and informed them unless Reed sesigned his office as Gocernoncwithin twenty-foot houns often Cheney's elec- tion as printer, he should he impeached and utterly disgraced, and if the sing hod to go to the trtuhle of impeaching and tsp-  CARPETBAG RULE IN FLORIDA. 97 CARPETBAG RULE IN FLORIDA. 97 CARPETBAG RULE IN FLORIDA. 97 ing him before they could get clear of him, he should wind up in the penitentiary. These admonitions were carried to Gov- ernor Reed by the true friends of the Republican government, some of whom thought it best to let the government go into the hands of these men and go to pieces; but the Governor, like the brave Fitz James, said: "Come one, come all, this rock shall fly, From its firm base as soon as L" The ring, now restless in spending so much money to impeach Harrison Reed, was determined to compel others to bear some of the burden. Abijah Gilbert, who had been elected United States Senator to fil the term commencing March 4, 1869, the gold of whose purse yet reflected in the faces of the spoilsmen of the last regular session of the Legis- lature, was pitched upon as the softest and most available man to fill and settle the whole bill. On the 19th of January a resolu tion was introduced reciting the facf that large sums of money had been used at the last session to secure the election of the said Gilbert, and that under such circumstances the election was unlawful and void. The Legislature thereupon went into an election of United States Senator. It was not the intention of the ring to elect another Senator, but this part of the game was only to make Gilbert come down with the cash. They said openly that Gilbert had not paid enough for his seat, and that this proceeding was the only way to make him fork up the coveted amount. Gilbert was on hand, and the old man was frightened nearly out of his breeches, and you could see notes flying from his room in the hotel to the Capitol to different mem- bers of the Legislature, requesting them to call at his room, as he desired to see them on special business. The members, who understood the whole game, would smile when receiving these messages from the old man, and would make haste to grant his request After he had seen them they would come back to their seats entirely transformed relative to the election of United States Senator, and after one night-calling had passed, the next day a motion was made to indefinitely postpone the whole proceeding as to the election of Senator, which was adopted by a unani- mous vote. Those who had been foremost in denouncing the ing him before they could get clear of him, he should wind up in the penitentiary. These admonitions were carried to Gov. ernor Reed by the true friends of the Republican government, some of whom thought it best to let the government go into the hands of these men and go to pieces; but the Governor, like the brave Fitz James, said: "Come one, come all, this rock shall fly, From its firm base as soon as L" The ring, now restless in spending so much money to impeach Harrison Reed, was determined to compel others to bear some of the burden. Abijah Gilbert, who had been elected United States Senator to fill the term commencing March 4, s869, the gold of whose purse yet reflected in the faces of the spoilsmen of the last regular session of the Legis- lature, was pitched upon as the softest and most available man to 1ll and settle the whole bill. On the 19th of January a resolu tion was introduced reciting the facF that large sums of money had been used at the last session to secure the election of the said Gilbert, and that under such circumstances the election was unlawful and void. The Legislature thereupon went into an election of United States Senator. It was not the intention of the ring to elect another Senator, but this part of the game was only to make Gilbert come down with the cash. They said openly that Gilbert had not paid enough for his seat, and that this proceeding was the only way to make him fork up the coveted amount. Gilbert was on hand, and the old man was frightened nearly out of his breeches, and you could see notes flying from his room in the hotel to the Capitol to different mem- bers of the Legislature, requesting them to call at his room, as he desired to see them on special business. The members, who understood the whole game, would smile when receiving these messages from the old man, and would make haste to grant his request After he had seen them they would come back to their seats entirely transformed relative to the election of United States Senator, and after one night-calling had passed, the next day a motion was made to indefinitely postpone the whole proceeding as to the election of Senator, which was adopted by a unani- mous vote. Those who had been foremost in denouncing the ing him before they could get clear of him, he should wind up in the penitentiary. These admonitions were carried to Gov- ernor Reed by the true friends of the Republican government, some of whom thought it best to let the government go into the hands of these men and go to pieces; but the Governor, like the brave Fitz James, said: "Come one, come all, this rock shall fly, From its firm base as soon as L" The ring, now restless in spending so much money to impeach Harrison Reed, was determined to compel others to bear some of the burden. Abijah Gilbert, who had been elected United States Senator to fill the term commencing March 4, 1869, the gold of whose purse yet reflected in the faces of the spoilsmen of the last regular session of the Legis- lature, was pitched upon as the softest and most available man to fill and settle the whole bill. On the 19th of January a resolu tion was introduced reciting the facf that large sums of money had been used at the last session to secure the election of the said Gilbert, and that under such circumstances the election was unlawful and void. The Legislature thereupon went into an election of United States Senator. It was not the intention of the ring to elect another Senator, but this part of the game was only to make Gilbert come down with the cash. They said openly that Gilbert had not paid enough for his seat, and that this proceeding was the only way to make him fork up the coveted amount. Gilbert was on hand, and the old man was frightened nearly out of his breeches, and you could see notes flying from his room in the hotel to the Capitol to different mem- bers of the Legislature, requesting them to call at his room, as he desired to see them on special business. The members, who understood the whole game, would smile when receiving these messages from the old man, and would make haste to grant his request. After he had seen them they would come back to their seats entirely transformed relative to the election of United States Senator, and after one night-calling had passed, the next day a motion was made to indefinitely postpone the whole proceeding as to the election of Senator, which was adopted by a unani- mous vote. Those who had been foremost in denouncing the  98 CARTBAG RULEcIN LORIDtAc. election of Gilbert and declarintg that he eat elected by btibety, coaldtaoh ehbeard tasay that hit electioas efaireoodhoet. Thtey camte naa bteakiag the aid can, and jatt hefote he left Tallahattee he caid to one of hit frends, I"catuely I haee fallenc ino a den ef thieves." Adea twho camee to the capital oith scarelymoaeyccnaagh to pay theit face aa thetrilroad coald aotchetseen withirolsiofoney, ecideatlytattracted ferom Gdl- beet, cod they twere of that portion of the cacpet-baggera echo tceeccteted inthe impeachmenttof Harioo Reed. The comtteee appointed to inetigate the cl ancd doinga of Gavernor Reed oo the 26th day ofJcnuarycappearedcatthe boo of the Hocse cod meade their reorot. 'There wcas a maojority andoaemiorityereport. The fisa chargecagainstReedcwascthat heltodereceicotlfioe hundeed dallacrs to appoint apersonoclerk of the coucrt of Leocouety, tohich the eoidence shoeod toot not trce, hat that te atmoey toat conttibuted to pcy the indebted- nessticurered b h c entracommoittee inteelctionocampig. Theosconodcareattata balance ofcsixthoutandniehue- deed cocifotty-eight doflceccead sixty-three centt inoUnited States currency, perocedt of Virginia cod other State boods, told cadet ancactcathoieing ttGoeor of the State to rcice fundt to pay tite ceptnsc of this teccion of the tegisiatue, bad beta aced by the Governce cod State scrip tubsticttd foe it. Thic scrip coas receiablefocalbctte dues,owhile theocascthts o- latelyncessary tocerry onthehttegoernmentthen inoits inefancy aod opposed by foes twithout tand pretended friends twithin. The taco wcitnesst wbo made the charge relative to the tacon county clerkshipypeented aoother to the commcittee that Gooeenoe Reed hod, thtough a frend, offeed to gioe blot a cotract toake a tof mpfoteSureyo-Geeralsfice if he toauld chaoge hiscbase aodgo inoandorktopeetimpeach- menet. Thic a pottion of the cottmoittee treated asmau faoctedoevidence,candccoteqenodyeotrutorhy. The macjoriyerepottoftheommetittee didootakeayecomend- tiott. Ittwasigoedby GeoretP. Raey, Democrat; F. N. B. Olivee, Democrt; Joho Vetococ, Republicano Heory S. Hat- teat, Republicen; cod E. Forttuoe, Repubticon. The ocinor- ity report teas signed by E. J. Hectic cod Auburo rwine, Republicans, eod exoooecated Goerncor Reed from the charges. election of Gilbert cod declatiog that he wat elected by beibery, oooldowobeheardtocsay tht histelectiooewascfairtaodhooet. They came teat beaking the aid tao, cod jutt befoe he loft Tallahattee he taid to ace of bit fretds, "'cutely I have falieo ino a den of thieves." Aloo ewho caome to the capital wcith tcarcelyemoneyeouogh to pay theit fare oo theerailroadcould owhecseeo woiitf ollscoftmonoy, ovidentlyoctacted froma Gil- beet, cod they oera of that poetion of the carpet-baggers echo wereeinterested inthe impechmentof Hario Reed. The commoittee appoioted tocnestigate the acts cod doiogs ofiGavernor Reed ton the 26th day ofJcnuarycappeared atthe barof teHousocndomadthirtrepat. Thete wascacmajoty aod acmioitytrepoet. TheheistcthaegeagainstReedowasthat heobad recoeioedh five tudreddofllart to appointcapeonoclerk of theouret ofLon county, wohich the evideoce sowed toot ot tre, hat that the atmoey wct contributed to pay the iodehted- Btesinuretd byheocetralocomttee inet eeiocampatoyigo. Tbecsconodcre wasctthctca baceofcsixthousandnine hoo- deed and forty-eightdollarstand sixty-thee cents inUnited States currecy, peoceeds of Vieginia cod othee State bonds, told uodee anoactauthorizing teGovernor of the State to raise funods to pay tite ocpocces of this cetsioc of the L~egislature, had beta aced by te Gooveoe cod State scrtip subttituted foe it. This scrip coat coceivabie foe all State duet, twhile the oath coat abso- lutely necessary to crry oncthe State govtternmet thenoioits infacy cod oppoced by foot without cod pretended friendt wtihit. The samte witness wtto ceade te ocage relative to the teat county clekship preetetd coheto to the cootmittee that Govetor Rood had, theough a friend, offered to give bime conotattoomakea sttofoapfothetSureyo-Goenerafcsoffice if hecoulad cheege hisbase aod go ioadtearkhtopeetimpach- mn.Tisitapotion of the commoittee treated asmau faccted evidooce, cod conotequetyautrtwothy. The macjorityoreport of thecomteeedidootmaeayeomend- cioe. Itwasttigoed byGeoege P. Raney, Democeat; F. N. B. Glivee, Demooceat; Joho Vateete, Republicn Heoty S. Hat- maon, Republicao; cod B. Foetuoe, Republican. The teinoe- ity report was signed by E. J. Hattis cod Auburn rwinl, Republicaos, cod eooereted Govereot Reed feom the charges. 98 CARPETAG0RUL IN t ORIA election of Gilbert cod decloig chat he wat elected by beibety, couldow be heardto coy that hisceleciooceac faieeondhoest. They ctme one breakhing the aid mao, cod jusc beftee he left Taliahacsee he caid to tone of hit friende, ''tosutep I havo falleo ino a doen of thiete." Alea wcho ctmetoc the capital weith scarcelytmoneyteougfhto pay thoe fate onetherailroadoultd o coc senoithfrollsoftmoney, eoidentdy extracted fetom Gdl- beet, cod they toote of that portion of the carpet-baggeos echo wcere intoeestd intheimpechent of Harrison Reed. Theo commoitee appointedi to invetigate the acts cod doingc of Gavernor Reod ot the e6h daycofJanuary appearedaccthe bareof tefloueadmadethir eot. There wasaajcoity andcaminaoityepot. The Secst chargeagainsttReedtwastchat tooa rceived five boadted dolscetoc appoint a perton cloth of the court of Leot coucty, wch the evidience showoedwa ot ttue, hat that the moneoy toot contributod to payteeindebed- oessicurreodhbyhcetrlocommitteetincheelecioncapig. The setondcharge wat that a balace ofsixathousaodnineboon- dred ad fatty-eight dolarsecnd sixty-chree cota inUnited States ctrrecy, proceedc of Viegiiacad aote State bonds, told tonder aacaTthtieiog thefGoverore of the State to rcico fucade to pay tho ecponsec of chit ceccion of the Legislature, had beto aced icy the Goeenoe ad State sceip cubtituted foe it. 'Thit srp coat receivabie foe all State dues, wchile the oath at abso- ltely cesoryoopc catty at the Staco goernenot thee in its infancycand opposed by fet wichout ad pretended fiends ecithin. The cacao witnessc echo maode the obarge telative cc the Loot county olookbip preented acother to the comtmitee chat Govecore Reed bad, through a feiend, offered to Sloe him a contrcattotmakeasettfapsfoteoSureyo-Generalfstfficetif heecould change hisbace aod go iodorkhopeetimpech- oce~t. Thic a poetion of the commiteectated asmau factured evidence,and coneqentdy untestwcohy. The moajoeitypeepoet ofcthe committeedidonot maeayeocmmend- tlot. Itewassigoed byGorgeF. Raey, Democeat; F. N. B. QOter, Demooceac; John Vaeeoeo, Repablicee; Henty S. Hat- mone, Repubioe; cod B. Foetue, Republican. The mcior- ity repot teat signed by E. J. Herric cod Aeburn Ewle, Repeblicans, and exoeated Goerort Reed from the chaegec.  CARPETBAG RULE IN FLORIDA. 99 CARPETBAG RULE IN FLORIDA. 99 CARPETBAG RULE IN FLORIDA. 99 The Democrats were in doubt what to do; they did not want to commit themselves to Reed, nor did they want to help the plunderers, so they sat and watched the drift of things. Several resolutions and motions were made reflecting upon the charac- ter of the Governor. The ring worked long and hard, and at first thought they would succeed; hot when they saw H. S. Harmon and E. Fortune, colored members, who had signed the majority report, voting to exonerate him, they gave up the sport. The following resolution was offered by Mr. E. Fortune, member of the investigating committee: "WHEREAS, Thecommittee appointed on the 6th day of January to inquire into and investigate the conduct, acts and doings of Harrison Reed, Governor of Florida, has, pursuant to instructions, reported the results of its investigations to this body, accompanied with the testimony taken in the said matter; therefore be it "ResolvedbyteAssemoblof.Florida, That the said Assembly finds nothing in said report or testimony justifying an impeach- ment of Harrison Reed, Governor of Florida." This resolution was adopted by a vote of forty-three to five, every member ofthe committee voting for it, and but one colored member voted in the negative. This committee was the creation of the ring, which shows how flimsy the testimony against the Governor was, and how desperate they were in their determination to remove him from between them and the people's money. Osborn, who had now comOe down from Washington, and was sitting in the hall when this vote was taken, swore vengeance against every Republican who voted to exonerate Reed; but his carpetbag friends gave him to understand that all the negroes and Democrats had agreed to exonerate the Gov- ernor, and that had they voted against him when they saw he would be exonerated, it would have had the effect of driving all the negroes to him and the Democrats, which action would have soon lifted them out of their fat places. The Ting now called a caucus in the Senate chamber and pretended to make friends with the Governor and to support his administration. Chief Osborn was present and assured him that he was very sorry that this attempt at impeachment had been made, and that he was misled in the matter, and if the Governor would correspond The Democrats were in doubt what to do; they did not want to commit themselves to Reed, nor did they want to help the plunderers, so they sat and watched the drift of things. Several resolutions and motions were made reflecting upon the charac- ter of the Governor. The ring worked long and hard, and at first thought they would succeed; but when they saw H. S. Harmon and E. Fortune, colored members, who had signed the majority report, voting to exonerate him, they gave up the sport. The following resoliotn was offered by Mr. E. Fortune, member of the investigating committee: "WHEREAs, The committee appointed on the 6th day of January to inquire into and investigate the conduct, acts and doings of Harrison Reed, Governor of Florida, has, pursuant to instructions, reported the results of its investigations to this body, accompanied with the testimony taken in the said matter; therefore be it " ResolvedbyteAssemblyofEFlorida, That the said Assemby finds nothing in said report or testimony justifying an impeach- ment of Harrison Reed, Governor of Florida." This resolution was adopted by a vote of forty-three to five, every member ofthe committee voting for it, and but one colored member voted in the negative. This committee was the creation of the ring, which shows how flimsy the testimony against the Governor was, and how desperate they were in their determination to remove him from between them and the people's money. Osborn, who had now come down fro Washington, and was sitting in the hall when this vote was taken, swore vengeance against every Republican who voted to exonerate Reed; but his carpetbag friends gave him to understand that all the negroes and Democrats had agreed to exonerate the Gov- ernor, and that had they voted against him when they saw he would be exonerated, it would have had the effect of driving all the negroes to him and the Democrats, which action would have soon lifted them out of their fat places. The ring now called a caucus in the Senate chamber and pretended to make friends with the Governor and to support his administration. Chief Osborn was present and assured him that he was very sorry that this attempt at impeachment had been made, and that he was misled in the matter, and if the Governor would correspond The Democrats were in doubt what to do; they did not want to commit themselves to Reed, nor did they want to help the plunderers, so they sat and watched the drift of things. Several resolutions and motions were made reflecting upon the cbarac- ter of the Governor. The ring worked long and hard, and at first thought they would succeed; but when they saw H. S. Harmon and E. Fortune, colored members, vho had signed the majority report, voting to exonerate him, they gave up the sport. The following resolution was offered by ir. E. Fortune, member of the investigating committee: "WHEREAs, The committee appointed on the 6th day of January to inquire into and investigate the conduct, acts and doings of Harrison Reed, Governor of Florida, has, pursuant to instructions, reported the results of its investigations to this body, accompanied with the testimony taken in the said matter; therefore be it SResolvedbythe Assemblof Florida, That the said Assembly finds nothing in said report or testimony justifying an impeach- ment of Harrison Reed, Governor of Florida. This resolution was adopted by a vote of forty-three to five, every member of the committee voting for it, and but one colored member voted in the negative. This committee was the creation of the ring, which shows how flimsy the testimony against the Governor was, and how desperate they were in their determination to remove him from between them and the people's money. Osborn, who had now come down from Washington, and was sitting in the hall when this vote was taken, swore vengeance against every Republican who voted to exonerate Reed; but his carpetbag friends gave him to understand that all the negroes and Democrats had agreed to exonerate the Gov- ernor, and that had they voted against him when they saw he would be exonerated, it would have had the effect of driving all the negroes to him and the Democrats, which action would have soon lifted them out of their fat places. The ring now called a caucus in the Senate chamber and pretended to make friends with the Governor and to support his administration. Chief Osborn was present and assured him that he was very sorry that this attempt at impeachment had been made, and that he was misled in the matter, and if the Governor would correspond  10o CARPETBAG RULE IN FLORIDA. with him in Washington no one should be appointed to a Federal office who was not friendly to his administration. Many speeches were made by the members of the ring, assuring the Governor that from that time forth Osborn and his friends would stand by him. Most of the carpet-baggers then in the Legislature were holding State offices by commission from Gov. Reed, and this agreement was made by Osborn and his followers so as to hold on to the State offices as well as the Federal offices which bad been given them by the latter. This worked well for a time. Hon. C. H. Pearce, who had succeeded in rallying the colored members of the Legislature to the Governor, was very severe on the con- spirators, and threatened to alienate the colored voters from the carpet-baggers if this persecution of Reed was continued. Reed appeared to be quite indifferent as to promises made by Osborn & Co., and asked the colored men in the caucus to stand by him if they believed he was trying to give the State an honest admin- istration. After further assurances by the members of the ring that Reed should be supported, the caucus adjourned sine die. 100 CARPETBAG RULE IN FLORIDA. with him in Washington no one should be appointed to a Federal office who was not friendly to his administration. Many speeches were made by the members of the ring, assuring the Governor that from that time forth Osborn and his friends would stand by him. Most of the carpet-baggers then in the Legislature were holding State offices by commission from Gov. Reed, and this agreement was made by Osborn and his followers so as to hold on to the State offices as well as the Federal offices which had been given them by the latter. This worked well for a time. Hon. C. H. Pearce, who had succeeded in rallying the colored members of the Legislature to the Governor, was very severe on the con- spirators, and threatened to alienate the colored voters from the carpet-baggers if this persecution of Reed was continued. Reed appeared to be quite indifferent as to promises made by Osborn & Co., and asked the colored men in the caucus to stand by him if they believed he was trying to give the State an honest admin- istration. After further assurances by the members of the ring that Reed should be supported, the caucus adjourned sine die. 100 CARPETBAG RULE IN FLORIDA. with him in Washington no one should be appointed to a Federal office who was not friendly to his administration. Many speeches were made by the members of the ring, assuring the Governor that from that time forth Osborn and his friends would stand by him. Most of the carpet-baggers then in the Legislature were holding State offices by commission from Gov. Reed, and this agreement was made by Osborn and his followers so as to hold on to the State offices as well as the Federal offices which had been given them by the latter. This worked well for a time. Hon. C. H. Pearce, who had succeeded in rallying the colored members of the Legislature to the Governor, was very severe on the con- spirators, and threatened to alienate the colored voters from the carpet-baggers if this persecution of Reed was continued. Reed appeared to be quite indifferent as to promises made by Osborn & Co., and asked the colored men in the caucus to stand by him if they believed he was trying to give the State an honest admin- istration. After further assurances by the members of the ring that Reed should be supported, the caucus adjourned sine die.  CHAPTER IX. Meetintg of tho Extorsosdinary Soosion of the Legislaotureo of 1869. Covort Rooedo Reomessoootds . Tho Foour Miionso of Blonds Schemo. Co/oreod eMoos Playing Caret-bgger. ho CGrand Joury Huning Bribe-takerso. Os tho 17th of Mop, 1869, Goveroooo Roodistood his proc- lamtooionoooentiog the Logitlstoro is etrtaordinsry testion for the follotwiog purposot, to-it: " To otoiotsio tho oredit of tho Soots sod provoido fot the mesaot of defropiog its oosrsot eopeotes. Thst tho reoeot taleooftse Pesolaoiasd Georgis Railroad sod the Tallshsseeo Railroad reodered immoedisto legis- lstioooooocstay to protettohe poblio ioterst sod eoshle the purohases to provide for the oxteosion sod comopletion of their soads sod to eojop the beoefits of ohs Iotesosl Improse- toott Loot of the State; sod to sotify tht FifteenthAmenodmeooo to the Constitotioo of tho United Stsoos." To coomplisooe oith this proclsamstioo, tho too hooses of the Legislststo toot st 1o os-look m. on the 8th dsy of Juoe sod receioed thoeGosetos Messsgs. ThesGovoerorrommenosded, smonog other thiogs ohich toeots osmoeotioned is his proclsoma- tion, the pssage of a proper qoarsotioe foow to protet ours cost; a teoure of officelsaw, so as t goe id of delinquenoosr uofsithful offscets shontohs Seoate toss sot instestison, which officosoold sot theo he removsedithoutotheonosent of the Seosteo sod s Isw psohihiting comonoscaestot frot omakiog distioction so sccoont of solos. To cooolosion, ohs Govesor said: ' Altos too to coogeatulats y05 on the otew erasof prospeto swhich hot sponed spot our lotst, sod ohs auspiciosssocto- stancesoundes tohich y05 owt assetohle. Is oil psrts of ohs Statepeoce, secursitp, harosnyopndposprihp prevasd tooa greaexenos tosohao atoanptismewithinothe psttenopeas. Cop- itol is tots pesfitahlp inoosted; lifs sod peoperop are hetter protscoed. Leo passion sod prejudice gist ploce so season sod judgoeot, sod let toisdom sod prudencescontrol post counsels, CHAPTER IX. MooO/sng of tho Erordinory Seossios of the Logisloatre of z869. Coveorot Roods Rsecommendatiooo. Tdo Fosur Miloss of floods Scheom. Color-ed Moosstos-s F/oying Carppt-bgger'. Tde CGrsod jry Buntiog Br-ib-tsaoer. Os she 17th of Mop, 1869, Goversor eed istood his proc- lamtosionsonoening ths Legislature is sxtraordinorp session fot the following porposs, to-eit: "To masiotain ths credit of the Soots sod procids for the meaoos of defroping its oureot expenscs. Thatothereensaeolf hePeosaoolaandlGeogia Railroad sod the Tallahasseesaioad sendered immtedioteolegis- latonnosossoypto psotect thespohlicinterestsand enahle the pusohasers to provide for theosxteosios sod comtplstion of theie rodsdtosenjoytheshenefisoof theIternal Iprove- toent Latos of the Stato; sod so satifp the FifteenthAmesndtoeot to the Coosoitution of the United Stotes." Is comtpliaoce toith this prooloamation, the too houses of the Legislature toot at 1s s's-look to. son ohs 8th dsp of Juot sod reciveod thesGoveros Mssage. The Govtterosteommended, aonogthssthingsowhichtweeot toentioned is his peoclatoa- tion, the passage of a propsr quarantine loss to protecst our coost; a tosses of offise lato, tosas to get tid of delioquent or uofaithful officers toheo ohs Seoate toot tot it session, twhich officters could ot theo ho removsed wtoustthescosntof the Seoate; sod a loss prohihisiog cotoscries froto toahiog dstinction son ocooos of solos. Is cooclusion, the ovesos said: ",Allow m to ongrattuslots pyou son the ntto eto of psospertiy wthich hot optoed spon our lotst, sod the auspicioscircum- soancessondet which y05 owt assetohle. To oll patts of tht State, peace,toseiy, hrmsonyapo speitppeaildoa goetrtttthsostopytiostoithithepstteoears Cop- iool is torso proftlyl ossosted; life sod psspertp see hetoes protecsed. Leo pastion sod psejudice gist place to resons sod judgmenot, aod letowisdom' sod s-sudencescontolpyourscsosls, CHAPTER IX. Moso/ong of tde Etrsosd/ossy flessios of the Legisature of T869. Coveor Roods Reommenodst/os. Tho Foot- Mi/loss of floods Schoemo. Co/os-ed Moes- F/oyiog Coapoo-bogge-. The Os-sod juryo Musting Bri-takerds. Os the o 7th of Mop, s869, Govssoos Rood istood his pos- lsamationooonveoing ths Legistore is stordinarp session for ohs folloscing porposes, to-ots ''To mtoini ohs crsdit of ohs State sod proside for ohs mseons of defraping its curest expeses. Thas the rtcent sadeof ohs PesacoolasandfGeorgia Raiload sod ohs Tallahassee Roilrood rendered immesdiate legis- lotios nessary to prettohs puhlic interest sod enahle ohs purchasers toposide foe ohs extension sod comopletionofotheir toads sod so enjop ohs henofits of ohs Itersnal Itoprove- toent Loot of ohs Sotst; sod to ratifp ohs Fifteenth Atoendment to the Coostiouoison of the United Stats." Is comspliance witoh this proclaosation, ohs two hosses of she Legislatuse mtoot s2 sos's-loch m. son ohs 8th dsp of Jose sod seceised the Goveror's Messoge. The overoreommenssded, amsog otherthingsowhichtoereonotomentisned ihispolam- tion, the pasage of a propes quarontine lost to pret ouro cost; aoenore of sis- lato, so s to get tid of delinquenor uofaithful sics-o toheo ohs Seoate toot sot is ssssioo, tohich offices could nto then he retovsed wsithoutothecoosenooof the Seoste; sod a lato prohihitiog comton costless frsom toahiog distinction otn 0000000 of colot. Is ooclosion, ohs Gosesor soid: ",Allows tso congratolate pou 00 ohs neto era of prospertiy wshich hot opeosd spot our lotst, sod ohs ospicosscicuto- sacsoudes tohich pos ot assetohls. Is oll posts of the Sotst, pesos, security, harosnyo and prospety prevsid to a gteatertextent thoosatoanpoimettihio thepsttooeeas. Cop- sot is tots proitabhlp iosstsd; life sod peopestp are bootse protected. Leo passion sod psejudics give place so reason sod judgmet,ond leotwisdom sod prudencecootrolpyoursounosls,  wehile me render gratefol homage to the great dispenser of all good foe His inoumerable blessings." Srs-eeol important acts snere panted by this Legislature, amongtwhichweeethe lawesetting aside a homestead for each head of a family; on amendmcent of the school lams; impor- tont cbangcs inotheevenuenlaews; ond the notorious act " Ta Perfect the Poblic Worhs of the State." Feom the presence of an unusualtlobhyit was apporentcthat some greatrcatostro- phe teas to robe place in the shoape of a lam. The carpetbag ele- ment seemcd en hr elated, and she hoels and hoarding-honos in the city snere filled with steangers. The poorest and the most shahhp carpet-bag gee coold he teen drinhing the sparkling champagne and wearing hie bras-err. The famoos Littlegield wasrton much engagedtoss-alb, andbhis caresiagwashkept at te hotel in readiness ts convey him to any pare of the city to tee the different members of the Legislature. The Gns-ernor snas pris-ately ads-ised that Osborn's United States Marshal, Senator Wentworth, had hero furnished with a thousand dollars mith -which to secure s-ores foe Littlefield. Alarmed at the prospect of corrupt legislation, hr telegraphed Mr. fimepson, the purchaser of the railroads, and tehom Little, field represented, to come en Tallahassee. tn reply, General Abbott, United States Senator from North Carolina, apprared fur Smepson and pledged the Governor that no more money should be used, and no legislation hut tehat mat legitimate should he sought. He called in General Littlefield to witress she pledge, stating that the money to Wentmoeth mat only far the farnishing a reception room atrthe hotel. After remaining a fete days, General Abbott, still assuring the Gno'ernor that thr companyrwould act ingood faith and allots-no more money to hr expended, lb en returned home; hut, notwithstanding these assurances, and pledger, switin ten days twenly-taco thou- sand dollars mere distrihoted hy Litslefield as a corruption fund for the Osborn ring, to control the Legislatue against Gos-rnnr Reed, weith a cirew of ultimately deposing him. The hill mat introduced in the Senatehby Wentwrorth, of Eseamia, and rrfered toa committee which reported fas- ably on it. Thre were important amendments made en the wehile tee render grateful homage so the great dispenser of all good for His innumerable blessings)' Several important acts were passed hy this Legislatore, amongswhichrwerertherlaw setting aside a homestead foe each head of a family; an amendment of the school lates; impur- tantachanges in thereeue lntes; and the notorious act " To Perfect the Public Worhs of the State." Prom the presence of an unusual lobbyit wosoapparrnt that some rgetctastr- phe teas to tahe place in the shape of a lute. The carpetbag ele- ment seemed to be rioted, and the hotels and hoarding-houses in the city were filled with strangers The pooresr and the most shabby carpet-hug gee could he seen drinking the sparkling champagne and tearing fine berase. The Samoan Littlefield teat too much engaged so tealh, and his caresiage mar hept at the hotel in readiness to concey him to any part of the city to see the different members of the Legislature. The Gus-enor teas pris-ately ads-ised that Gsborn's United Sitates Marshal, Senator Wenrteorth, had been furnished teith a thousand dollars teith -tehich to secure s-ores for Littlefield. Alarmed at the prospect of coroupt legislation, he telegraphed Mr. Smepson, she porchaser of the railrnads, and tehom Little. field represented, so come to Tallahassee. to reply, General Ahhott, United States Senator from North Crolina, appeared foe Smepson and pledged the Gos-error that no mere money should he used, and no legislation hat tehat teas legitimate should be sought. He called in General Littlefield en wteiness the pledge, stating that the money so Wentteorth teas only fnr the furnishing a reception ronom as the hotel. Afir remaininga fete days, General Abbott, still assuring the Gocernor that the companytewould act in good faith and allote no morre monney so be eopended, then retarned home; hat, notwithstanding these assurances, and pledges, teithsin ten days tmenty-Iteo thou- sand dollart were distributed by Littlefield as a corruption fund for she Gsborn ring, to control the Legislators againtt Gas-ernor Reed, mith a viem of ultimately deposing him, The bill teat introduced in the Senate hy Wentworeth, of Rscamhio, andseferred to a committewhich reported fas-or- ahlyaon it. There were important amendments made en the wehile me render gratefol homage to the great disproser of all good for His innumerable blessings." firral important acts were passed by this Legislature, amoangmwhich weeresthelaw setting oside a homestead the each head of a family; an amendment of the school lams; impor- tantochanges in therev-enoe lutes; and the notorious act " ITo Prfect she Public Works of the State." Prom the presence of an unosoal lobbyit o-os apparent that somergreatrcatastro- phe teas so tube place in the shape of a lam, The carpetbag ele- ment seemed en he elated, and the hotels and hoarding-houses in the city mere filled teith strangers. The poorest and the most shabby coepes-haggee could he seen drioking the sparkbling champagne and tearing fine heas-ers. The famous Listlefield teas too much engaged to walb, and hit carri~age teas hops at the hotel in readiness so cons-ey him to any part of the oily to see the different members of the Legislature. The Gus-error teas pris-ately ads-ised that Gsborn's United States Marshal, Senator Wentworth, had been famnished mith a thousand dollars mith -tehich to secure s-ares foe Littlefield. Alarmed as the prospect of corrupt legislation, he telegraphed Ms. Smepson, the purchaser of the railroads, and tehom Little- field represented, to come to Tallahassee In reply, General Ahhott, United States Senator from North Carolina, appeared foe Steepson and pledged the Go-ernor that no more marry should he used, and no legislation hot tehat mat legitimate should be sought. Hr called in General Lirtlefield to witness the pledge, stating that the money to Wentmorth teat only fur the famnishing a reception room as the hotel After remaining a fete daps, General Abbott, still ossuring the Gus-error that the companytewould act in good faith and allowmno more money to hr expended, then retained home; hut, notmithstanding these ass-arances, and pledges, teithtin ten days ttenty-two thou- sand dollars mere disribused by Littlefield as a corruption fond foe the Gsborn ring, to control the Legislatore against Gos-error Reed, mith a view of altimately deposing him, The bill teas introduced in the SenatehbyWentworth, of Escambia, andeferred to a committee, tehich reported facor- ahlypon is. Thre mere important amendments made In she  CARPETBAG RULE IN FLORIDA. 103 bill by Senator John A. Hendeeson, of Hillsboeough County. Tbere were tots of msembers wbomt Littlelild bud not "tI een privately," and these swould denounce tbe bill us a greus sweindlo, but after a visit froms bins and a " prinate talh," tbey scould eitbhevote yes onoeey amndment oe not vote at altand swould offer nso further reesistance tothe scoeme. The incorpo- eatoes of tbis mesure weree Itenerat M. S. Littlefield, George W. Ssceptoo, J. P. Sandersosn, J. L. Reqna, and William H. Hunt ; tbe tact a enatoefroms Dade County, aed Gleasoss's partner. State aid wso to be given at tbe cute of twele thousand dollaes yer mile, whbicb, according no tbe length of the eoute, mould amount to four millions of dollars. TIbis bitt mas passed by the Snnate scithout a dissenting cute, some few mem- bers of theSnatenbengeither absenst orinlenced fromvoting. tn the Assembly the measue mas passed switb only shree dissent- intg noses. As tobribncy ofany of the mnembhersto secureethe pas- sage of this measue, t shalt onsly state wchat occureedand leave the readee to dean his own conclusions: A carpetbag Sentoereceived a sighs dealt ont the General the night before the passage of the bitt. Whosthat dealt mat foe t am unablc'lo say. The deaft was presested tothenGseealthenext morninsg, swho took it, read it, then tone it uptelineg him at the same time, ''IThis is alt eight, this is atllight." Tlhe Sensatoreundertooh to insistson its payment, but the General began to talk so very loud about the matter that the Senuano walhed off cuesing him, hot in cony lom tones. The coloeed members of the Legislature wnho had heretofoe been content with the salary which mat provided by the Contsitution as their pay now begon to lern something of the meandering maps of theie carpetbag teadrs. They hogan so itnquire how theie white brethren culd handle so much money, mhen they got no moe pay than they did, fume of the Demoorats who mete not nmembers of the Legislature informed them thus themr carpet. hug friends lenin the different counties had traded on themr votes in the Legistature ever since they hod horn permitted to sit in the Legislature as members. The colored membrs, lerin this information, began to hold separate caucuses, and Sinotty they etected a permanent chairman of the caucus:, and that chairman appointed a committee of three so fenret out atl schemes which tooked anything tihe money schemes. This committee mas CoARcETBAGcs RUE NFLORIDA. 103 hilt by Senator John A. Heederson, of Hillsborough Coutnty. There mere tots of membrs whom Littehtd had not " seen privately," and these wnould denounce the bitt us a geat swindle, hot after a vsit loom him and a 11private th," they mould either voteryns ononveyamendment orno Rotetat alland woutd offer no furthe esistance totbe scheme. Therinoo- rators of this me atone mere fGenral M. S. Littlefietd, George W. Smepson, J. P. Sanderson, J. L. Requa, ansd Witliam H. Hunt; the last a Sensatoelerom Dade Countyand Gteason's partner. State aid mastso he given at the rate of tmeloe thousand dollars per mite, mhich, accoeding so the tength of the route, muold amont to loon millions of dollars. This hilt was passed by the Senate ithout a dissenting vote, some fnnmem- bees of the Senate being eithee absent on influenced from oing. tn the Assembly the me atone mat pasedmwith only three dissent. ing noses. As to bribry of any of the members to secureethepas- sage of this measure, I shalt only state mhat occurred and leave the readernto draw his ownconclusions: Acarpetbag Senatornreceined a tight dealt on the General the night befoe the passage ofthn hilt. Whatathat dealt mat foeSI am unablelo soy. The draftamas prsented totherGeneralthe nextmorning, mho tooh it, read it, then torn is up,stling him as the saint time, ''This is atl eight, this is allnight." The Senator undertookhto insist on its payment, hat the GenraltbegaR to talk so nery loud about the matter that the Senator malhed off cursing him, hot in nery tom tones. The colored members of the Legislturoe mho had heretofore been content with the salary which mat provided by the Constitution as their pay nom begun to learn something of the meandering ways of their carpethag leaders. They began to inquire how their white brethren coold hondle so moch money, mhen they gut no more pay than they did. Some of the Democrats mho snere nor nmembecs of the Legislature informed them that themr carpet. bag friends from the different countirs hod traded on themr noses in thr Legislature ever since they had beeR prmitted t0 sit in the Legislature as membrs. The colored members, from this information, began to hold separate caucu ses, aned finally they elected a permanent chairman of the caucus, and that chairman appointed acommitteof threetolferret out all schemesmwhich toohed anything like money schemes. This committee was CARPETBAG RULR IN F'LORIDA. 103 bitt by Senator John A. Hendrson, of Hillsborough County. There snere lots of members wham Littlehtld had not " Iseen privatety, " and these would denoousce the bill as a great swindle, but after a visit loom him and a I"Ipivate th," they woutd eitherotre yet oon eeyamendment nor note vote at alland mould offer no further resistance so the scheme. The inorpo- rators of this measure snee General M. S. Littlefreld, Gerge W. SmepsoR, J. P. Sanderson, J. L. Reqoa, and William H. Hunt; the lust a Senator from Dade County, and Geason's partner. Stale aid was so be gient at the pate of twelre thousand dotlars pen mite, which, according to thr length of the route, would amunt so loon millions of dotlars. This hilt was passedhbythe Snae without a dissenting vote, some fewo mew- hens of the Senate being either absent on influencedfrom voting. tn the Assembly the measure was passedmwith only three dissent- insg voses. As to bribery of any of the members to sercethepas- sagerof this masure,tIshalltonly sateswht occurred and leavesthe reader to draw his ownt conclusions: A carpetbag Senator received a sight draft on the Genneralthe night brfore the passagr of the bitt. What that dealt was fontI am onahtn'to say. The dealtwar presentedstothe General thenet moning, whostooh it, read it, thee tone it upstetting him at the same time, " Thit is all eight, this is atllight." The Senator undertooh to insistson its payment, hut the General hogan to talk so oery tloud about the matter that the Senator walhed off cursing him, but in very tow tones. The colored members of the Legislatue who had heretofore been content with the salary which was provided by the Constitution as their pay now began to learn something of the meandering ways of their carpetbag leaders. They begaR to inquie how their white brethrnen could handle so much money, when they got no mope pay than they did. Some of the Democrats who snere not Rmembrrs of the Legislature informed them that their carpet- hag friends from the different con ties had trodrd on ther votes in the Legislaure ener since they had been permitted so sit in the Legislature ms members. The coloed membees, from this information, hegan to hold separate caucuses, and finally they elected a permanent chairman of the caocus, and that chairman appointed a committee of three to ferret out all schemes which looked anything lihe money schemes. This committee was  104 CARPETBAG RULERINLORIDA. styled "the smelling commtittee." The duty uf this sussumittee wstu visit the hutels uud peicute ruuoms of the carpethag mm hers uud ascertais, us best they cuuld, sehether shere seas ansy- thing oe thisngs, msure or measutes befure, soe likely to cm hefore the Legislaturee at that sessions swhich the caepethag heothee couldmkesmoney feoms,undif soto reportsthe sasse so she sucuos. This commeittee was seotto proceed is a hudy, hut each mnwstu guthee the fucts us he cuuld get thesu uud eepuet tu the caucus is u budy. 'Phe chaierman of thecuuus waos empusw- eeedeuo iufueseuy putyuerpuetiescwhussereeisnsneduofvutes iu the Legislaue tu pass mueasuees, the snumb ee uf cutes that could bhadusndthc aunteequieed to satisfy the oscubees uf the cacs hnaymnywsrcie rmti orei a tu he equally divided amoneg the mesohees. This plus sorued foe somse tisme bus no sonsey waus forthcomsisg. All isfoessatiss thst could he gathered hy the commoittee seas reported to the shaiessas of thecucus, swhoscoulderepoet swhat thesseasues soghtstohbepassedswee, and adcised the meeres of the cau- cus to sole foe these, yes heneceeerepoeteduanpsmosey. The meberes hegas to perceice thus the chaitraasO gettisg seep flushssithsmosey, and theysnatoullyhbecame suspicios that he seas ptayisg soepet-hagger on them. A seeetisg Rae culled asd shaeges peesented againststheschaiemasfoesnothavcingpid oe emoneysereceicedhbyhimsfoe the henefitof semers ofethe cau- cut. He atheiststuohh nelydeniedhaingereceived aysoeys foe she caucus, hot a psety Rho had gicen hise smosey foe the caucus, fisding his msure fought is the Legisluture hy ssesees sf the caucus, found fast seith somesof these, Rho said they had seeeereceied asyseoney frossthe chirsas. Thesnote in Rhich the complaint ROE cosceped seas todse effect that he'had seade " the hoyt" a peesest of -- dsllasswhich he had hasded to Msl. h. The chaiermas hacisg heen con- victedof the chaege, sues declared shut she monoeyssasseade a peesest to hiss indisidually, asderefused toseakhea dicisios. This heohe op the caucus aerangesese, asd aftet that tisee each semessruckhoutfoehieself. Allshe coloredsmeerseofsthe Legislauae did sue helosg to this caucus, hoe at least two-thieds sf these did. This esteasessiosudjouesed sn she 23d Of June. styled "the sseelling commsittee." The duty of this cosesittee seas so visit the hotels and peisate erossof she carpethag mm hees aud asceetais, us hest they could, Rhethee these seas ansy- thing us thins, seeasuee us seasuees hefore, os lihely to cm before the Legislaue us that session sehich she caepsehbag heothee Ecoldmahe seosey feos,asd ifsosto eepoet the sasee to she caucus. This cosositee seas sot~es peoceed is a hody, hue each seas seas so gathee she facts us be could gel thess asd eeport so the caucus is a hody. The chuiesean sf she caucus seas esepose- eedsto isformsany paety orparsiesscho sceeeissneed ofcotesis the Legislature ta puss smeasues, she snusbee of cctes shut could he hadandheaounotequped so satisfysthe seecs of the caucus. Whcsusnysmonoyseasereceiccd fromsthis souece itseas to he equally dicidcd amsosg she ssemsbees. This plus wcoehed foe some sime huoe 00Rotey scas foethcosmisg. All isforseatios that could he gatherad hy else cosesittee seas rep~orted to she shaiesean of she caucus,sehoseouldseport wehat themsures soughttohbe passcdsceee,usnduadcised the seees ofthecau- cos ts vste foe these, yct hesneceeerepoetedusnyssosey. The meees hegans to peeceice that the chaierman seas getsing seep flush swith seosney, anud they natullyhbecasee suspicious thatshe seas playisg carpet-hagger os these. A eeting seas culled asd shaeges presented agaisst the chiemansorenothosisg pid oe seoseysereceisedhbyhiefoe the hesefitsfsmesessofthe cau- cus. He atheiststuhhoeslypdesiedhocisgereceised anysesseys foe the caucus, hat a poesy seho had gicen hise seosep foe she caucus, fisdisg his seasuee fought ie she Legislaure hy semerse of the saucus, found fouls seith sometsf thee, seho said they had nests reecived asp seosey feosm she chaiesmas. The Rote is sehich the comsplainet seas couseped seas to the tee shut hehuad seade " the hops" a pesent of -- dsllaess'hich he had hasdedsto Me.S. Thechairmanehaingheen sass- victedsofthe charge, Rose declaeed thus the msontyseos seade u peesentsso hiss isdisidually, anderefusedtmasea division. This beshe op the caucus aeeungesest, asd aftee shot tisee each semeresteuckhoutfohimoself. Allsthe coloeedsmeersosfthe Legislatue did sot helosg ts this caucus, hut us least tseo-thirds sf these did. This extea sesios adjoursed ss she u3d of June. 104 CARPETBAGORULEINFLORIDA. styled "s he sseellisg cosesittee." The duty sf this cosesittee seas to sisit she hotels asd peisate rooses of the caepethag seR- bees asd asceetais, us hest they could, sehethee thete seas any- thing ot thins, seasute or seasues hefore, se likely to cm hefore she Legislatuee as shut sesios sehich the caepethag heothee couldsmakessosey fros,aodifsso tretpoetthe sasetto the caucus. This cosesittee seas ssot'to procced is a hody, hut each manssessto gatherethcfacts us he could get thsssasderepoetsss the caucus ise a body. The chairosao of the caucus scas emspowe- teredto ioforseasy party oepaedieswhowereeinseeed ofotes in she Legislaure to puss meaures, the numbhee of cotes shut could bethaduand theusouteqied so satisfy thesomseers of she caucus. Whessnysmeysreceiccd feossthis source iteas so he equally dicided assoeg the memsbecs. 'This plus seorked foe sose tisee hut 00 money waos foethcosmiog. All insforseatios that could he gatheed by the cosmittee seas repoeted so she shuisean of the caucus, sehoesouldeepot sehat thesseaures soufht tobe passed were,snd advisedsthe semessofthe ca- cus to vote foe these, yes hesnesrporecd asyssosey. The sesbers begos to pereive that she chaisrmas seas gettiug seep flush seithseoney, used theysnuraellybecasse suspicious shut be seas playisg caest-haggee os these. A seeetisg sees called asd shaeges presesteduagaisst the chairseauforsothasisg pidoser seonepsreceived byhisefor the besefit of smesers ofsthecu- cue. He atfist stubborlydeied haigeceied ayoeys foe the caucus, bus a pussy seho bud given hise soeouy foe she caucus, Slsdisg his ssuoe fought is she Legislaure by semersee ouf she caucus, fousd faultseith soseesf thess, sehosaidsthey had necee received asp soeosy hrose the chairseon. The sote is sehich she coseplaist seas cosveped seas so she efless that hehud seade "sthe hops" a peseut of--dollaeswhich he bud hasded so Met. S. The chaieseas husineg bees csn- sisted ofhe charge, sose declared thus tee seosey seas seade a present so hise isedividually, asd refused to seahe a divisise. This brohe op the caucus uterangesest, asd after thus tisee each semesehestruckhoutforbieself. Allsthecoloeedsmeersoefsthe Legislaure did sot belosg so this caucus, hue us least tseo-thieds sef these did. 'This extra sessiou adjoussed os the 23d of June.  CARPETBAG RULE IN FLORIDA. 105 CARPETBAG RULE IN FLORIDA. 105 CARPETBAG RULE IN FLORIDA. 105 In the fall of x869 the geattd jury of Leon County attemtpted to inquiee into the reported bribery of the memtrt of the Leg- islatore. It ROB believed that Littlefield, then he first arrived io the State deposited hil mRoney iB the Freedman't Savings Bank iB Jachsonville. The graod jary issued auoena ductafeaum to the caohier of the Tatlahassee Booh, Rhich comtpetled hint to appear before the jory ond bring the hoohs andypapers belonf- ing to that institution. The hooho aod papees showed that a laege Butmber of the carpetbag menmhers of the Legistatoe had received drafts front M. S. Littlefietd, payable at this baok, which draftt bad hero cotlected. The deaftt to the differreot toetmbrso ran alt the wayoup fromtwo thousand to five aodsio thoosand dollars to each memobr. No wchite mnto got lets than two thoooaod dollars. The hooht forther thowed that onty twou colored metobero receiced deafto, and these tscofelawoydown into the huodredtl-receiving five hundred dollart each. As the draftsodid not showswhat this moneytwao paid for it wao thooght hy thr yrosecuting officee that indictmntets for hribery coold ot be sutained. Threfore, no true hills were foood. See stob of blank droft booh, Freedntan's Savings Bank and Trust Contpany, Tallahassee, Fla. Although no hills were found at this ternt, the Ring srecured the indictmtent of C. H. Pearce, colored, a Senoator front the Eighth-Senatorial District, in the fall of tS876, by the grand jury of Leon Conty, foreoffringahbihe to Feed Hill, colored, of the Seventh Senatorial District. The circuntstances of the case were as follows: Littlefield requested Pearce to infoent Hill that he could get flee hundred dollars to vole for Littlefield's four ntil- lioB hood bill. Pearce delivered the message, which, however, Littlefield did not intend to fulfill, as he had already secored a sufficient nunterrof votes to pass the bill. Pearce afterwards denied having carried thentessage, hut said that Hill had got the ntessage front sonte carpet-bagger, and afterwars atked hint about the ntter, when he was told what Littlefield had said. Th; intpeachers, who hod, grown fat front the lavish hand of Littlefield, deented this a splendid opportunity to ceipple Pearce for life, and insisted that Hill, who was one of Stearns' subntis- sire tools, should report the ntatter to the grand jury. Harry Crust, another subntissive and obedient servant of Stearns, was to ehefall of t1869 the grand jury of LeoB County attentpted to inquiretinto the reported bribery of the menthers of the Leg- islature. It was believed that Littlefield, when he firt arrived in the State deposited his motney in the Freedman's Savings Bank in Jacksonville. The graod jory issued asofewe docea econt to the cashier of the Tallahatsee Bank, which compeltled hint to appear before the jury aod being the bookt andypapers belong. iog to that iostitotioe. The books and pa pers thowed that a large oumbher of the carpethag memers of the Legitlature had received drafts front M. S. Littlrfield, payable at this bank, which drafts had hero collected. The drafts to the different ntrnbers ran all therwayoup front two thousandlto fiveaodtsix thusaod dollars to each member. No white man got lrss than two thoosand dollars. The books further showed tbat eonly Iwo coloredomembert recived drafts, and these two fell away down into the hoodreds-eceiing five huodred dollars each. At the draftdid Rot show what thisntoney wat paid for it wast hooght by the prosecuting officer that iodictmntcts for bribery could not he sustained. Therefore, no true bills were found. See stub of blank draft hook, Freedman's Savings Bank and Trust Contpany, Tallahasee, Flu. Although Bo bills were found at thit ternt, the Ring secored the indictent of C. H. Pearce, colored, B Senator front the Eighth-Senatorial District, iB the fall of 1876i, by the grand jury of Leon County, foe offering a bribe to Feed Hill, colored, of the Seveoth Senatorial District. The circuntstansces of the case were as follows: Littlefield requested Pearce to infornt Hill that hr could get five hondred dollarB to cute foe Littlefield's four ntil- lion hood bill. Pearce delivered the essage, which, however, Littlefirld did not intend to fulfill, as he had already secored a sufficietnmbeeovoteslto pass thehill. Pearce afterwardt denied havingcarried thentessage, hut said that Hill had gut the mettage front sonte carpet-bagger, and aftrwards asked hint about the ntatter, when he was told what Littlefield had sold, The intpeachrt, who had, grown fat front thr lavish hand of Littlefield, drented this a splendid opportunity to cripple Pearce for life, and insisted that Hill, who was one of Sterns' subntis- sivertools, shouldereport the mattereto the grand jury. Harry Crust, another submtissiveand obedient servant of Stearns, was Sn the fall of t1869 the grand jury of Leon County attentpted to inquiretinto the reported bribery of the ntentbers of the Leg- islature. St was believed that Littlefield, when he first arrived in the State deposited his moneryin the Feedmntt's Savings Book inoJcksonville. The graod juyissued a utnua doaco feint to the cathir of the Tallahassee Bank, which contpelled hint to appear before the jury and bring the books and papers belong- ing to that institution. The books and papers showed that a large nomber of the carpetbag ntrmbers of the Legislature had eceived drofts front H. S. Littlefield, payable at this bank, which drafts had been collected. The drafts to the different members ran all the way op front two thousand to five andosix thousaod dollars to each member. No white man got lest than two thousand dollars. The books forther showed that only two coloredntmembers receiced drafts, and these twofeillaway down into the hondreds-receiving five hundred dollars each. As the drafts did not show whatlthitnmoney was paid for it was thooght by the prosecuting officer that indictmnts~t for bribery coold ot he sostained. Therefre, no true billt were found. See stub of blank draft book, Freedman's Savings Bank and Trost Contpany, Tallahassee, Flu. Althoogh no hills were found at this ternt, the Ring secured the indictmntet of C. H. Pearce, colored, a Senator front the Eighth-Senatorial District, in the fall Of 1876i, by the grand jury of Leon Coonty, for offering abribe to Fred Hill, colored, of the Seventh Senatorial District. The circuntstances of the case were as follows: Littlefield requested Pearre to infornt Hill that he could get five hundred dollars to vote for Littlefield's foue mil- lion bond bill. Pearce delivered the ntessage, which, however, Littlefietd did not intend to fulfill, as hr had already tecured a sufficientnuntber ovotes to pass thehill. Pearce afterwards denied having carried thentssage, hut taid that Hill had got the message front sonte rarpet-bagge, and aftrwards asked hint about the matter, when he was told what Littlefield had said, The imperachers, who had, grown fat front the lavish hand of Littlefield, deented this a splendid opportunity to cripple Pearce foe life, and insisted that Hill, who was one of Stearns' subntis- sivertools, should report thentatter to the gand jury. Harry Cease, another subntissive and obedient servant of Stearnts, was  to6 CARPETBAG RULE IN FLORIDA. pitched upon as a witness to the delivery of the message. No one ever believed (who understood the game) that Cruse knew anything about the matter until requested to testify, so as to get Pearce out of the way before the impeachment of Governor Reed, which was to take place at the earliest possible moment. The real bribe-takers, the men who had in their pockets five and six thousand dollars each of Littlefield's money, were now hiring men to swear away the liberty of Pearce, that his hold upon the colored voter might be broken. Littlefield, the man who offered the bribe, if it could be considered an attempt at bribery, was not arrested, nor did the grand jury which indicted Pearce for car- rying the message, inquire into the conduct of Littlefield in the premises. Stearns, after the indictment was found, smiled as gracefully over the downfall of Pearce as he afterwards smiled over the consummation of various election frauds. tog cARPETBAG RULE IN FLORIDA. pitched upon as a witness to the delivery of the message. No one ever believed (who understood the game) that Cruse knew anything about the matter until requested to testify, so as to get Pearce out of the way before the impeachment of Governor Reed, which was to take place at the earliest possible moment. The real bribe-takers, the men who had in their pockets five and six thousand dollars each of Littlefield's money, were now hiring men to swear away the liberty of Pearce, that his hold upon the colored voter might be broken. Littlefield, the man who offered the bribe, if it could be considered an attempt at bribery, was not arrested, nor did the grand jury which indicted Pearce for car- rying the message, inquire into the conduct of Littlefield in the premises. Stearns, after the indictment was found, smiled as gracefully over the downfall of Pearce as he afterwards smiled over the consummation of various election frauds. 1o6 CARPETBAG RULE IN FLORIDA. pitched upon as a witness to the delivery of the message. No one ever believed (who understood the game) that Cruse knew anything about the matter until requested to testify, so as to get Pearce out of the way before the impeachment of Governor Reed, which was to take place at the earliest possible moment. The real bribe-takers, the men who had in their pockets five and six thousand dollars each of Littlefield's money, were now hiring men to swear away the liberty of Pearce, that his hold upon the colored voter might be broken. Littlefield, the man who offered the bribe, if it could be considered an attempt at bribery, was not arrested, nor did the grand jurywhich indicted Pearce for car- rying the message, inquire into the conduct of Littlefield in the premises. Stearns, after the indictment was found, smiled as gracefully over the downfall of Pearce as he afterwards smiled over the consummation of various election frauds.  CHAPTER X. The Pumand-Hueni/on Reign of Terroer in Jackoson County. And here opens a scene of oppression and usuepationsof powoer wrhich is equally diabolical in tany instances swith the reign of " Bloody Mary." Thre was no portion of the State snore disturbed by she operations of the reoonstructinmaue of 1868 than Jackson Coonty. The tswo races becatne arrayed against each other in deadly hostility, wehioh led to freqoent ocoorrences of violence and hloodohed. This state of things was not doe to the enmity of the whbites to the hlachs, nor their opposition to the near tan enfranchising the latter-though they weeopposedrto it, of course-nor seas itldoe to any natural had temper or hatred of the whbites on the part of the colored people, foraunder ordinaryrircustnces there are na more peaceahle people in the wrld than the inhabitants of Jachson County, of bathrooles, and theyarould hare parsed through the ordealuof reconstruction writhout a jar or disturbance, had it not been foe the evil influence of the very men who were delegated en preserve peace, to administer justice, and to promote good felloseship and kindly relations betwreen the freedmen and their former onmers. Charles M. Hamilton and William J. Purman seere sent to Mainna asagrott of the Freedman's Bureau in x866, and if the purpose of the head of that departmenit of the government had horn to establish a reign of trror ner the people of that county he could not have selected more fitting instruments. Hamilton, though afterward amember of Congress, weas a man ofeveryaordinary capaoity, hasppossessedrcourage andawillporer in a high degree. Furman, as has been said, seas a man of unasual ability-shreard, eloquent and persuasive, and weith per- fect knowedge of th e character and prejudices of the colored man as that time, and also weith a hidden contempt for his igno- rance. He directed all the operations of the Bureau and put Hamilton forseard to do all the dirty or dangerous seork. He played upon the wreaknesses and impulses of the colored people and dres fromr them shouts of joy, and responses of applause CHAPTER X. The Punee-Hamiltos Reigs of Terror in Jacksons Con. And here opens a scene of oppression and usurpation of poseer wehich is equally diabolical in many instances seith the reign of " Bloody Mary.' Therewas no portion of the State more disturbed by the operations of the reconstruction measures of 1868f than Jackson County. The taro races became arrayed against each other in deadly hostility, wehich led to frequent occurrences of violence and bloodshed. This state of things seas not due so the enmcity of the wrhites to the blachs, nor their opposition to the nrew lose enfranchising the latter-though they weore opposedto it, of course-norseas itdue to any naturalhbad temper or hatred of the arhies on the part of the colored people, fur under ordinaryoircumstances there are na more peaceable people in the arold than the inhbhitants of Jackson County, of hash cubers, andstheyswould have putted through the ordeal of reconstruction weithout a jar or disturbanoe, had it nut been fur the evil influence of the very men who tere delegated to preserve peace, to administrjusice, and to promote good felloseship and kindly relations betwreen the freedmen and their former oseners. Charles M. Hamilton and William J. Ptman seere sent to Marianna as agentssof the Freedman's Bureau in sf66, and if the purpose of the head of that departarett of the gornmrent had been to establish a reign of terror over the people of that county he could not have selected more fitting instruments. Hamilton, though afterseards a membher of Congress, wsea a man of very ordinary capacity, hatspossessed courage andsill poser in a high degree. Furman, as has heo maid, seas a man of unusual ability-shrewed, eloquent and persuasive, andswith per- feot kowsledge of the character and prejudices of the olored man as that time, and also seith a hidden contempt fur his ign. ranor. He directed all the operations of the Bureau and pus Hamilton forseard to do all the dirty or dangerous seork. He played upon the seaknesses and impulses of the colored people and des fromy them shoals of joy, and responses of applause CHAPTER X. The Poetses-Hantston Roign of Terror infadaoes Contyi. And here opens atoscn of oppression and usurpation of powrersebich is equally diabolical in many instances with the reign of "1Bloody Mary." Theremwas no portion of the State more disturbed by the operations of the reonstruction meausures of x868 than Jackson County. The tarn races became arrayed against each other in deadly hostility, which led to frequent occurrences of violence and bloodshed. This stale of things seas not due to the enmity at the whites so the blacks, nor their opposition to the near lawe enfranchising the latter-though they serreopposedto it, of course-nor was it dueto any natural bad temper or hatred of the wehites on the part of the colored people, forounder ordinary circumstances there are na more peaceable people in the sworld than the inhabitants of Jackson County, of bash colors, and they mould have passed through the ordeal of reconstruction seithout a jar or disturbance, had it not been fur the ecil influence of the very moo swho were delegated to preserre peace, to administerejustice, and to promote good felloweship and kindly relations between the freedmen and their former osers. Charles H. Hamilton and William J. Puoemau weere sent to Marianna as agents of the Freedman's Bureau in 1866, and if the purpose of the head of that departmrent of the government had hero to establish a reign of terror over the people of that county he could not have selected more fitting instruments. Hamilton, though afrerseards a member of Congress, seas a man oferyordinary cpacity, but possessed courage andswill powr in a high degree. Furman, as has been said, seas a man of unusual ability-shroewd, eloquent and persuasive, and with pee- fect kowsledge of the character and prejudioes of the coloed manat that time, and alsoseithabidden contempt for his igno- rance. He directed all the operations of the B ueau and put Hamilton forard so do all the dirty or dangerous wrk. He played upon the wreahnesses and impulses of the colored people and drew from them shouts of jay, and responses of applause  108 C-ARETBAGRUE NseFLeOIA. antd approval wtih the still and ease a mtaster organist brings out the great swrells of omasic by a gentle touch of the key. These wrould occur sthen he was eloquently deyicting to hit eagee listen- ing audiences the horeors of slat-ry and the cruelty and oppres- tion they had undrgone. Entry device was resorted to by these agents to enmbitter the coloeed msan against the wthite man; and, wnith the powst-e they possessed, it is no woondee they sue- ceeded uponnmtueial soeaiymislead. What incendiaey harangues failed no accoosplish they sought to do by exhibitions of their yoswer uvr the st-ites, wrhich they displayed in frequent acts of the grossest tyranny. They set at defiance the orders and decrees of the courts of justice sthen the matters involved sterr mere questions of eight between two citi- tens, neither of sthum st-re freedmen. They at-tested and imprisoned peaceable citizens without any real cause, and refused to furnish them or their cunsel swith the charges upon wrhioh they sterr held. On one occasion they had brought before them two koung ladies of the highest rerspectability on the charge of removing flowers from a Union soldier's grave, who protfisted their innocenoe and offered to prove it without the insolt and humiliatian of being areaigned atbueau hadqarters, buostheir appeals were incvain, and they were forced toappear and stand up and unnveil themselves in the preseace of Hamilton to answr the charge, which so witness could be foundi so sustain. Among their daties as agents of the Freedman's Bureau, mat the supert-ising of lab or contracts between the freedmen and their employees. Foe this sert-ice they charged each freedman twenty-fiv-e cents and the employr fift-ocnto. An enterprising and intelligent citizen of the county, happening in Washington, called upon General Hnward, the head ofthehbureao, and inquired of him if his agenswere allowed to dosuch things. The General informed him they were not, and requested him to furnish him with evidencerof its being done in any case. Thereupon the gentleman prepared and posted notictes requesting those who had ret-eipts fun moneys so paid so present them so him, or, in his absence, to a designated agent. This gentleman and his agent wre immediately arrested and kept in confinement with- oat nharges bring preferred against them until one of them was tahen dangrously ill, when they were discharged ons nf fear of 108 t-ARPETBAG nUEn to FLuORtDA. and approv-al with the shill and ease a master organist brings out the great swells of music by a gentle toot-h of the hey. These wnuld occur when he was eloquently depicting to his eager listen- ing audiences the huroes of slavery and the t-ruelty and uppes. sion they had undergone. Every det-ice was resorted to by these agents so embitter the culoed tman against the white man; and, with the powers they possessed, is is no wondee they sot- ceeded upon mateeialtsoeaily milead. What incendiary haranguses foiled tu utcomplish they sought to do by exhibitions of their puwee ut-er the whiten, which they displayed in frequent ats of the grossest tyeanny. They set as defian-e she orders and decrees of the courts of justice when the matters invott-ed were mere questions of right between two citi- nens, neither of whom were freedmen. They arrested and imprisoned peaceable citiens withoutsany real cause, and refused to furnish them ortheir counsel with the char get upon whieh they were held. On one occasion they had brought before them two ksoung ladies of the highest respectability on the charge of removing flowers from a Union soldier's grace, who peotdated thereinnoence and offered to prove itwithout the insult and humiliation of being arraigned at bureau headquarters, but their appeassrere in vain, andthey were forced toappear andostand up and unveil themselves in the presence of Hamilton to answer thet-harge, whit-h no nitness could hr fioundi to sustain. Among their duties as agents of the Freedman's Bureau, was the suprvising of labor rontracts between the freedmen and their employers. For thin service they charged each freedman tweenty-five cents and the employer fifty cents. An enterprising and intelligent citizen of the t-ounty, happening in Washington, ratted upon General Howard, the head of the bureau, and inquired nf him if hissagents wee allowed todo such things. TheGeneral infrmed him theyeeennt, and requetted him to furnish him wih evidenrerof its being done in anyrase. Therenponathe gentleman prepared and posted notirces requesting those whon had receipts for moneys so paid to present them to him, or, in his absence, to a designated agent. This gentleman and his agent were immediately arrested and kept in confinement with- outecharges being preferred against them until one of them wsta taken dangerously ill, when they were dist-harged out of fear of tnt CRETA Rartn UnLE Ns LORID. and approral with theskiland ease am aster organinthbrings out the great swells of music by agenle touch ofthehkey. These would ut-r when hr was eloquently depicting to his rages listen- ing audiences the horrors of slavery and the cruelty and oppres- sion they had undergone. Evr)y devicr wus resorted to by these agents so embitter the colored man against the white man; and, with the powers they possessed, it is no wonder they sot- ceeded upon matrrial soeasily mislad. What incendiaey haranguses failed so atcomplish they sought so do by exhibitions of their powrr ot-er the whites, nthit-h they displayed in frequent acts of the grossert tyrancy. They set as defiance the orders and decees of the courts of justice sthen the matters involved were mee questions of eight between two coti- seas, neither of whom were freedmen. They arrested and imprisoned peeable citizens without any real cause, andefused to furnish them or their counsel with the charges upon whit-h they were held. On oar occasion they had brought before them two oung ladies of the highest respectability on the charge of removing flowers from a Union soldier's grace, who peotktted their innocence and offered to prove it without the insult and humiliationnofbeing arraigned atbureau headquares, but their appeals were in vain, and they wre forced so appear and stand up and unveil themselves in the pretence of Hamilton so answer the charge, whit-h no wistness could he foandsto sustain. Among their duties as agents of the Freedman's Bureau, was the superv-ising of labor contracts between the freedmen and their employees. For this service they charged each freedman twenty-five cents and the employer fifty cents. An enterprising and intelligent citizen of the county, happening in Washington, called spun General Howard, the head of the bureau, and inquied of him if hisnagentswreallowed to dosuhthtings. The General informed him they werr anot, and requested him to furnish him with evidenceuof its being dune in any cane. Thereupon the gentleman prepared and posted notices requesting those who had receipts for moneys so paid to present them to him, or, to his absence, to a designated agent. This gentleman nd his agent were immediately arrested and kept in confinement with- nut charges being preferred against them until one of them was tahen dangerously ill, when they were discharged out of fear of  the connequences. Four young farnerswho wrked alarge numnber of freedmenotnder acontract approced and ratified by these agents, scere arrested and imprisoned for doing wnhuan a provided in said contractand wthout ony charges oruaausrs assigned, though the officrs wererpatedly requstedofounish thern. Thr attn wre discharged at the plnanoure nf the agents nf thc bnreau. Many othnr tminor ours night be mnntined showingoapnsituntdetrmrination to alienatu the rates and breednstrife. These deeds of tyranny and oppression mere rsorrrd to for thr dooblr porpose of demonstrating ther powr to rhr colorrd prople and of humiliating the wuhiten. Of coorse thry born their lrgititmate frnit and natorally awahrned fnelings of the bitterrest hostility among the people who wurerthesims of subh injos- ticerand insott. Whdlethuunolorrd puoplusweru notresponsihlr fur there misdeeds, thuy twere inuvitably duame into the truobles wrhich ensued and doubhdess encooeagudto cotntitmthefirst act of bloodshed wthich opunud that evensfol uhaptur in the history of Jachson Coonty. In the fagl of sf868f aman by the name of MuGrifft residing near Fort Jackson, had a difficulty mith some of his colored employes and the matter in dispute, mhich became angry, mat referrd en the Bureau by MeGriff; bus hr obtained no satisfac- tin. A frm nights thereafter hr mat shot in his huse and mmunded. He left for Alabama and sent aoman by the name nf McDaniel tn tube charge of his place. In ashnort ime McDaniel wras called to thednoeat night and shot dead. Theseuaswere traced diredty to the failure of these agents of the Bureau to settle peaueably the truoble besmeen MoGriff and his employes. Od~e exasperation follomed close on another, until the county mas so a feer of irritation. In she spring of sf869, wthile Fun- manmas going to his home in Marianna at nigh,in ucompany with Dr. John Fielayson, they sorefihed into by parties in ambush, and she lutreerwas instantly hilled. Furman was shut through the eck, hot not badly. A fee days after that a mean by the name of Collirer, wrhn had made himsrlf very uooxious to the Bureau by his upen and hitter denunciatiun of their cun- duct, wras shot end hillrd in his house at night by unknown pursues. Frum this tiri, un, durng the year 1869g, the whule tsCAPTBAGoct RUL INFLOID. rug the conseuences. Four yoong farmers who morhed alarge numberuof freedmeneunder acotract approved and ratified by these agents, mweearrested and imprisoned forudoing watutas provided insaid contract,andmithoutay chargs or causes ussigned, though the officerstwere repeatedly requested to furnish them. The men menu ditcharged at the pleasure of the agents of thu bureau. Many omher minor acts might hr mentioned shaming a Fersistent determination to alienate the races and breed strife. These deeds of tyranny and oppession mure retorted to foe the double purpose of demonstrating their pomer to the colored people and of humiliating thu wthites. Of course they bore their legitimate fruit and naturally amakened feelings of the bitterest hostilityommong she peoplemwhomwerethe victims of such injus- rice and insult. While theucolored people atre not responsible for these misdeeds, they menu inevitably dramn into the trubles wthichuennurd and doubtless encuragedrto commitrthe first act of bloodshed mhich opined that eventful chapter in thu history of Jackson County. In the fobl of sf66 a man by the name of MuCniff, residing near Fort Jachson, had a difficulty with some of his colored employee and the mutter in dispute, mhich became angry, eras referred mu the Bureu by MuGriff; hot hr obtained o satisfac- tion. A fem nights thereafter he mat shot in his house and mounded. Hr tuft far Alabama and sent a man by the name of McDaniel to tahe charge of his place. In a short time McDaniel swas culledtomthe doorat nightmandshot dead. These acts were traced directlyto the faiue of these agreets of thn Bureau to settle peaceably the trouble betweren MoGriff and his emplopes. Odie eoasperation follomed close on another, until the cunty eras in a frever of irritation. In the spring of ef869, mhile Fur- manmwas gongto his home inMaianna at night, in company with Dr. John Fiolaysn, they mee hied into by parties in ambush, and the latter eras instantly hilled. Furman mas shot through the ouch, hut nst badly. A fem days after that a man by the name of Colliter, who had made himself ery uobnious to the Bureau by his open end bitter denunciatin of their eon- duct, was shut and hilled in his house at night by unknown persons. From this m~rs< on, during the year 1869g, the whole CARPETBAG RULE IN FLORIDA. l09 the conseqoences. Poor young farmers,mwho morhed alarge number offruedmen eraucotract approved and ratified by these agents, mere arrested nd imprisoned for doing whatmwas provided in said contractand without any chargers cue astigned, though the officers mince repeatedly requested ma furnish them. Thu men mure discharged as the pieatoee of the agents of the hureau. Many other minor acts might hr mentioned showinga persistent dtermination to alienate the races and breed strife. These deeds of tyranny and oppoemion mwere resorted en for the doable punpose of demonstrating their power to the colored people and of humiliating the whbites. Of course they bore their legitimatu fruit ond naturally amahened feelings of she hitterest hostility among the people wtho mere thu victims of such injus- tice and insult. W~hile thn colored people atern not responsible for these misdeeds, tbey meeneuistably drawn into the troubles wthich ensoued and doubtless encouragedrtoucmmitmthe first act of bloodshed wthich opened that ueetfal chapter in the history of Jackson County. In thu fall of 1868f a man by the name of MscGriff, residing near Foot Jackson, had a diffiulty with some of his colored employes and the mutter in dispute, wthich became angry, eras referred mu the Bureau by HcGriff; hut he obtained eno satisfac- tin. A fewt nights therafter he wtas shot in his house and mwounded. He left for Alabama and sent a man by the name of McDaniel to take charge of his place. te a short time McDaniel was calledto therdoorat night and sht dead. Thesenactsewere traurd directlyrnohe failureenfheuu agents of the Bureaumto settle peaceably rho trouble bummes HoGiff end his employes. Odie exasperatin foltowted close on another, until the cunty eras in a fecver of irrimatin. In thu spring of 1869, wthile Fur- manawas going to his home in Marianna at night, in company with Dr. John Fiolaysn, they sore fined into by panties in ambush, and the latter eras instantly killed. Furman was shut through the ouch, bat eat badly. A feat days after that a man by the name of Colliter, who bed made himself tinny obnoxious to the Bureau by his open and bitter denunciatin of theie con- duct, was shut and killed in his house at night by unknown persons. From this tstm< on, during the year 186ig, the whole  conty weas in a state nf etnoit. The wornt feelings existed beetween the racesand nothing hot the tact and prudence of the older and wisser heads nn both sides preevented genesrat bloodshed. InSteeptembee ofl that yeas, white a paety nf eolnred people wee haldinag a picnic neartshe Nataral Bridge, they were fieed upon by a patty in ambush and one wan and a child wets kitled. This teas the occasion af aeaasing the hlachs en the highest state ot encitement and the hitteress feelings cf revesge. On Fsiday Bight ef the samwteeh a yaety of white yenyle wets sittitng on the* piazza in feent of the hatel in Marianna when a entity at shot wns discharged at thew feome the eovee of saome tees neae hy, and the daughtee of Colaeel McClellan was instandly hilled and the Celonel hiwelf hadly woanded. At onealarge poctian of she caanty was underatoms. The geatest escitewent psevailed, and a geaneral mastacre teat theeatene'd. fiSme of the pasties iwylinated in the shoating fled foe their licet, while othees were tahen and syeedy cengeance nisited upon thew. The R~ev. Me. Gilhert, a enlaced winistee of the Methodist EpiscopaltCharch, who washboen anderaised in Jacsn Coonty, infoewed we that Poewan, in the League mneetings, woold advise the people to huen te gin houses and other property of the whiten, ansd this teaching woald he repoeted to the whites hy enhemesof the League, and sees manytnighes afterethis advice would he given the witnest of a flawing gin hoase wanld tell that his advice had heen followed. The shooting of McClelnan and daughtee teas the tact sragin scene in she drawa oftreconstructiaot; the last actof lawl essness thatscan beseraced directldy to the ndmnistration of she Freedwan's Bureau in Jach- son County. It is well to state ltens swhile these trohbles teere at their worst she greas agitatnrs, Hawileon and Putwasn, who had hindled the gownes nf discoed and strife, ahsented temwelves frwom the county and were sending incendineywmeosages frsowa safe distance. Thns is teas they plunged the notated people unnecessarily into annortex ofetrouhleand left thew towosh theirewaynoetshe best way they cnuld. Governne Reed, whose adwinistradion, now tenting and tenunty teas int n stats of turwoil. The wnsst feelings enisted between the taees, and noathineg hot the tact and prudenece of the nlder and teises heads on hoth sides preented genesal blnodshed. tee Septeer of that yeas, while a pasty of colored people tets holdineg a picnic neat the Natural Beidge, they wets hered uponnhy aparty inawhush and onewman anda cild were kfilled. This teas she occasion of aroosing the hlachs en she highest state of excitewene and the bitereest feelings of revenge. On Friday night of she samte week a paty of white peoyle went sittiteg on the* pinesa in feons of she hotel in Macianna when a voalty ofl shot teas discharged as tem frcow the canes of saws tees tens by, and she daughter of Colonel McClellan was instantly billed and she Colanel hinmself badly wounded. At nnce a large portion of te scons was underearws. The geatest eocitewent prevnailed, and a general teatssants teas threatened, Sonwe of the pasties iwmtlicated in she shooting fled foe themr lines, while others wets taben and speedy nengeance cisited opon thew. The ec. Me. Cilbeet, a eolaced winistee of she Methodist Episcopal Church, who wash born and draised is Jackson Caney, inforwed we that Putwan, in the League weetings, snoald advise the peopte en burn the gin boasts and othee peoperty of she whites, and this teaching would be reported to the whbites by somewmembessoftheLeague, and notany nighsaftertis advice wonld he ginen the witness of a flawing gin boost would sell that his advie had been followed. The sheatineg of McClellae and daughst was the last tcagin scene in she drna nftrecnstrutctin; she lasttact of lawl essness thatscan be teaced directdytn she administration nfthe Freednman's Boreau in Jach- sn Connty. t is well to state that while thse trnubles tee at theis wast she great agitators, Hasmibton and Poensan, who bad kindled she flawes of discord and ntrife, absented temnselces frnw the county and wee sending incendiarynmssages frow a safe distance. Thus it teas tbsp plunged she colored people unnecessarily intonanorexnnfetrouble and left thewetowork thtirswaynnutthe bet way they could. Governnr Reed, whose admeinistrntion, now setting and cnunty teas in a state of turwoil. The woness feelitegs existed between she races, and nnthing hot the tact and prudence of the nlder and wisee heads nn both sides pevned geteral blnndshed. In Sepsemer of that yeas, while a pasty nf colnred people wets holding a picnic neartshe Natueal Bridge, they were fired spon by a pasty in awbush and one seas and a child wets hilled. This teas the nccasion of arousing the blacks so she high sest state nf excitenment and she bitteese feelings of revene. Ote Ftiday night of the saws week a patty of white people west sieteg onte he piazza in frnt of she boee in Marianna when a vntity nf shot wan discharged as shew frow the nctse of cows tets neat by, and she dnughter ofl Colonel McClellan was instandly hilled and the Colonel hiwself badly wonded. At oneasage portdon ofbhennounty wasnnderarsw. The geaest excitewentpenaied, and agnealssaewas thceasened. floms of the partdes iwplicated in she shooting fled foe their lines, white nters wets taben and speedy vneace visited upon them The R~ev. Me. Gilbert, a colored winister af the Meethodist Episcopal Chnrch, whonwasborn andcaised iJacknoConty, inforwed we that Putwan, in she Leagae weesings, woald advise the people to burn she gin houses and ashes propseyaof the whites, and this teaching woold be reposted to she whits by ewebers of the League, and not wany nights afershis advice would be ginen she witness of a flawing gin boose would tell shot his advice had been followed. The shootin~g nf McClellan and daughter teas she last eragic scene in the deawa ofttecnnstruon;tshe lasteact of lawlcessness thatecan be traned direcdly to the adwinistration of the Freedwnn's Bureau in Jack- son County. Is is well to stats that white these sroables ere at their worse the great agieaenrs, Hawitnt and Putwan, who had kindled the flamesnofdiscordaedsstife, asented theseles frnom the countyand were sending incendiasywmessages feow a safe distance. Thns it was they plnnged the colosed people unnecesarily into a cortes of tenable and Ile theta to work their way out the best way they coueld. Goernne Reed, whnse adwiteistranion, now reelieg and  tottering from cetreetocircuference foeswant of confidence abroad to porchase the State oecoritioo, byereaoo of the eepeated ottemtosr at imopeachmeot, was called opoo by Porosan and othero woho previoooly hod joined with the Demtoceatsotodestoy the Repoblican admioistration, to declae maetial late in Jackson Coooty. The Gocerot iofoemed them that if this wao done it wcoold be tbe end of Repoblican fovernment iR Florida, and refoscd peeemptorily. First, becaoso there weeeocircoto. stances tbot mould justify it; and, second, there ween man provided by which to defeoy the expente. It teas still insisted o, oheo the peopositioo teat mode that if Poemao woold tahe commanodoe egimeotshoold betraised. Of cooreedeclioed, as the Governor koewmhewoold. The demandowas theo laid befoe the Republican State Executive Committee, teho ooani- mouosly sostaied it, andcalledsheoeror ioto couocil at Jackonville to eoforce the decree. He deostrated the impro- prety of atresort to military force, as woell as the utter impossi- bility of doing it for 0001 of mneans, aod pledged himself to maintain the peace of the State by the employment of a civil police coder the toxisting lam if they wrold pledge themselves to appeopriate the amont necessary. He tat foually pledged the suport of the comomittee to procue a loan sufficieot to defray the expense. Oo his owno persnal responsihility he eaised $3,5oo and appointed colored cod twhite agencies to quiet the misappreensins and alloy the exciteoment. He sent as CommiossonestoJachsn CoontyDr. John Westcos aod J. S. Adamos, with authority to confer wvith the people aod secuee thei co-operaio inmaitaiingtbe civil lao. These geotlemen immediotelyrecpaired to Jacksen Coonty, and aftertathonough investigatin reporeted thot Poutmao and Hamltn were thecas of all the bloodshed thot had occurred is the county. This state of affairs foroished the opportunity foe the desperadoes-that can be geoerally fond ioall communitiescafteretheeravagesnofaea -to pot in theie wcorh withoot hiodrance. Dichinson was hilled, it tas generally believed, by the otorious Lobe Lott, pueely feom an old grudge be had against him; but io those days eveey moeder committed mat smelled ioto a politicol moe- dee, aodundeesthe the eistig cicmstances the treecause of a macdee could not be justly ascribed. This was a tryiog time tottering feom centre to ciecumfeeenc~e for moot of confidence abroad to purchase the State secueities, byereason of the eepeated attempts at impeachmeot, teas called opon by Poeman and others who pevioosly had joined teith the Democeats to destroy the Republican administration, to declare martial late io Jachson Conty. The Goveror infoemed them that if this teas done it moold be the eod of Republicn government in Floeida, and eefosed peremptorily. First, hecaose there tere ocicom. stances that moold justify it; nd, secood, there mete no means procided by mhich to defray the expeose. St teas still insisted n, wheo the propositin mat mode that if S'nemao moold tahe commanndoaeegimeot should betraised. Of course he decinoed, as the Gocerornew hmemwoold. The demandtcas then laid before the Republican State Execotive Comomittee, who unons- mously sostained it, ad called the Goceroor into council at Jacksonville so enforce the decee. He demoostrated the impro- priety ofaeresort to military frce, asswell as the atter impossi- bility of doing it foe nant of means, nd pledged himself to mainstain the peace of the State by the employment of a civil police onder the existing law if they wonnIS pledge themselves so apyrolpeiate the amon noeocessary. He was finally pledged the support nf the committee to procure a loan sufficient so defroy the exyense. On his own personal responsibility he roised $3,500 and appointed colored and white agencies to qoit the misapprehensions ond alley the escitement. He sent as commissones toJachsn County Dr.JohnoWestcotaodJ. S. Adams,mwith authority to confer mith the people aod secare theirecn-operationinmaintainiog the ciil lam. These gentlemen immediately reptired to Jachson County, aod after a thoeoutgh investigatioo reported that Parmao aod Hamiltn mere the cause of all the blnodshed that had occarred in the county. This state of affoirs furoished the opportunity foe the dosperadoes-that can hr generally found in all commooities afterthe ravages ofa mar -o pat in their moth withoot hiodrance. Dickinon teas hilled, it mat genrally believed, by the notorious .Lohe Lott, purely from an old grudge he had against him; hot in those days ecry murder committed was smelled ino a political mur- doer, andnundee thetheo eisting circumstaoces the troecaose of a macder could ot be justly ascribed. Thtis was a trying time tnttering from centre to nircumference foremant ofeconfidence abroad to purchase the State securities, by reason of the repeated attempts as impeachment, teas called upon by Patman and othersmwho peiously had joined with the Democrats to destroy the Republican administratin, so doclare martial late in Jackson Conty. The overnor inormed them that if this was done it mould he the end of Republican government in Florida, and refused premoptorily. First, because thre mete o drc0. staoces that mould justify it; and, second, thee mete o means provided by which to defray the expense. It teas still insisted n, mhen the proposition mas made that if Putman would tahe commandaoregiment should be raised. Of coarse he declined, as the Goverornewh nmwmold. The demandtcas then laid before the Republican State Esecutive Committee, who nant- mously sustaied it,and called theovernot into conocil at Jacksonville so enforce the decree. He demnstrated the impro- priety ofa resortstomilitary force, astwell asthe Otter impossi- bility of doing it for moot of means, cod pledged himself to maintain the peace of the State by the employment of acivil police nder the existiog lam if they mould pledge themselves to appropriate the amouant necessary. He mas finally pledged the support of the commtittee to procure a loao sufficient to defray the espouse. On his otwn personal responsibility he raised $3, Sooaad appointed coloredand white agencies toqit the misapprehensions cod allay the excitement. Hr sent as commissioners to Jachson CouctyDr. JohnoWrstcotsand J. S. Adams,mwith authority to confer with the people cod secure their co-nperation in maiotaining theciil law. These gentlemeo immediately repaired to Jackon County, cod after a thorough investigation reported that Purman and Hamiltn mere the cause of all the bloodshed that bad occurred in therouanty. This state of affairs furnished the opportnity foe the desperadoes-that coo bergeoerally found inall commsniis after the ravageo ofamwar -o put io their moth without hiodrance. Dichinson teas hilled, it was fenerally believed, by the notorious Lobe Lots, portly from an old grudge hr had against him ho butin those days every murder committed mas smelled into a political mur- der, aodconder the then esisting circumstancs thertrue rouse of a murer could not be justly ascribed. This was a trying time  112 CARPETBAG RULE IN FLORIDA. for the true friends of an honest Republican administration; and it was seriously doubted by Governor Reed and the friends of Republican government as to whether he would be able to main- tain himself; but the Governor, faithful to the promise made in his inaugural address, stood his ground against fearful odds until the terrific storm of bitterness raised by Purman sullenly but gradually passed away. Purman now, who had wooed a young lady of the people whom he had so terribly oppressed and whom he finally married, was anxious to return and reside in the county, after things had got quiet. He issued a circular to different leading Republicans asking them to attend a public meeting in Jackson County. Hon. J. C. Gibbs was invited and attended the meeting. Ham- ilton, the cats-paw of Purman, accompanied him. Large crowds of whites and blacks assembled, and any one who was present need not have been a close observer to discern " blood in the eyes" of that crowd. Purman attempted to speak and was howled down by the whites, with a good sprinkling of the blacks. Hamilton attempted to speak, but he was treated in the same manner. Mr. Gibbs was introduced, who spoke more than an hour, and was listened to with close attention by the people. He charged Purman and Hamilton, in their presence, and in the presence of the people, with having been responpible for the troubles in this county. Purman now saw that he had been caught in the trap which he bad constructed with his own hands, and called upon the sheriff to guard, protect and give him safe deliverance from the county; and the very people whom he had oppressed accompanied him across the Chattahoochee river into Gadsden County. and he returned to Tallahassee as his city of refuge. II2 CARPETBAG RULE IN FLORIDA. for the true friends of an honest Republican administration ; and it was seriously doubted by Governor Reed and the friends of Republican government as to whether he would be able to main- tain himself; but the Governor, faithful to the promise made in his inaugural address, stood his ground against fearful odds until the terrific storm of bitterness raised by Purman sullenly but gradually passed away. Purman now, who had wooed a young lady of the people whom he had so terribly oppressed and whom he finally married, was anxious to return and reside in the county, after things had got quiet. He issued a circular to different leading Republicans asking them to attend a public meeting in Jackson County. Hon. J. C. Gibbs was invited and attended the meeting. Ham- ilton, the cats-paw of Purman, accompanied him. Large crowds of whites and blacks assembled, and any one who was present need not have been a close observer to discern " blood in the eyes" of that crowd. Purman attempted to speak and was howled down by the whites, with a good sprinkling of the blacks. Hamilton attempted to speak, but he was treated in the same manner. Mr. Gibbs was introduced, who spoke more than an hour, and was listened to with close attention by the people. He charged Purman and Hamilton, in their presence, and in the presence of the people, with having been responpible for the troubles in this county. Purman now saw that he had been caught in the trap which he had constructed with his own hands, and called upon the sheriff to guard, protect and give him safe deliverance from the county; and the very people whom he had oppressed accompanied him across the Chattahoochee river into Gadsden County. and he returned to Tallahassee as his city of refuge. II2 CARPETBAG RULE IN FLORIDA. for the true friends of an honest Republican administration; and it was seriously doubted by Governor Reed and the friends of Republican government as to whether he would be able to main- tain himself; but the Governor, faithful to the promise made in his inaugural address, stood his ground against fearful odds until the terrific storm of bitterness raised by Purman sullenly but gradually passed away. Purman now, who had wooed a young lady of the people whom he had so terribly oppressed and whom he finally married, was anxious to return and reside in the county, after things had got quiet. He issued a circular to different leading Republicans asking them to attend a public meeting in Jackson County. Hon. J. C. Gibbs was invited and attended the meeting. Ham- ilton, the cats-paw of Purman, accompanied him. Large crowds of whites and blacks assembled, and any one who was present need not have been a close observer to discern " blood in the eyes" of that crowd. Purman attempted to speak and was howled down by the whites, with a good sprinkling of the blacks. Hamilton attempted to speak, but he was treated in the same manner. Mr. Gibbs was introduced, who spoke more than an hour, and was listened to with close attention by the people. He charged Purman and Hamilton, in their presence, and in the presence of the people, with having been respontible for the troubles in this county. Purman now saw that he had been caught in the trap which he had constructed with his own hands, and called upon the sheriff to guard, protect and give him safe deliverance from the county; and the very people whom he had oppressed accompanied him across the Chattahoochee river into Gadsden County. and he returned to Tallahassee as his city of refuge.  CHAPTER XI. The Meeting of the Legislature of 187o. Extracts from the Gov. ernor's Message. Attempt to Force Old Man Gilbert, United States Senator, to Come Down With More Cash. Schemes of Plunder. The Third Attempt at Impeachment-its Incidents and Results. Bloxham Confronts the Ring. Carpetbaggers Teaching the Freedmen Their Idea of Free Citizenship. Blx- ham Elected and Counted Out. Meeting of the Legislature of 1871. The Legislature met on the fourth day of January, 1870, this being the third regular session under the Constitution of x868. There being no quorum present the two Houses adjourned until next day, when they met and organized, and notified the Governor that they were ready to receive any com- munication he would be pleased to make. At 12 o'clock m. the two Houses met in joint session and received the Governor's message, which was admitted, even by his enemies, to be a very able one. A large crowd of lobbyists was on hand, as usual, to aid in getting through corrupt measures, they knowing what material they had to treat with in the Legislature. The Governor said that " during no period in the history of the State has there been more marked improvement and general prosperity than in the year just passed, and never have the laws been more generally and efficiently executed. In several counties organized bands of lawless men have combined to override the civil authorities, and many acts of violence have occurred; but these have been incidental to the State in all its past history, and arise less, perhaps, from special enmity to the present form of government than from opposition to the restraints of law in general. When we consider what has been accomplished towards the establishment of equal laws and the acknowledgment of equal rights within the brief time since Republican government has been inaugurated, I think we find little cause for complaint, and less cause to reflect upon either the form of government or its official exponent. The chief 8 CHAPTER XI. The Meeting of the Legislature of 187o. Extracts from the Gov. ernor's Message. Attempt to Force Old Man Gilbert, United States Senator, to Come Down With More Cash. Schemes of Plunder. The Third Attempt at Impeachment-its Incidents and Results. Bloxham Confronts the Ring. Carpetbaggers Teaching the Freedmen Their Idea of Free Citizenship. Blox- ham Elected and Counted Out. Meeting of the Legislature of 1871. The Legislature met on the fourth day of January, 1870, this being the third regular session under the Constitution of 1868. There being no quorum present the two Houses adjourned until next day, when they met and organized, and notified the Governor that they were ready to receive any com- munication he would be pleased to make. At 12 o'clock xs. the two Houses met in joint session and received the Governor's message, which was admitted, even by his enemies, to be a very able one. A large crowd of lobbyists was on hand, as usual, to aid in getting through corrupt measures, they knowing what material they had to treat with in the Legislature. The Governor said that " during no period in the history of the State has there been more marked improvement and general prosperity than in the year just passed, and never have the laws been more generally and efficiently executed. In several counties organized bands of lawless men have combined to override the civil authorities, and many acts of violence have occurred; but these have been incidental to the State in all its past history, and arise less, perhaps, from special enmity to the present form of government than from opposition to the restraints of law in general. When we consider what has been accomplished towards the establishment of equal laws and the acknowledgment of equal rights within the brief time since Republican government has been inaugurated, I think we find little cause for complaint, and less cause to reflect upon either the form of government or its official exponent. The chief 8 CHAPTER XL The Meeting of the Legislature of 187o. Extracts from the Gov- ernor's Message. Attempt to Force Old Man Gilbert, United States Senator, to Come Down With More Cash. Schemes of Plunder. The Third Attempt at Impeachment-its Incidents and Results. Bloxham Confronts the Ring. Carpetbaggers Teaching the Freedmen Their Idea of Free Ctizensht. Blox- ham Elected and Counted Out. Meeting of the Legislature of ,871. The Legislature met on the fourth day of January, 1870, this being the third regular session under the Constitution of 1868. There being no quorum present the two Houses adjourned until next day, when they met and organized, and notified the Governor that they were ready to receive any com- munication he would be pleased to make. At 12 o'clock m. the two Houses met in joint session and received the Governor's message, which was admitted, even by his enemies, to be a very able one. A large crowd of lobbyists was on hand, as usual, to aid in getting through corrupt measures, they knowing what material they had to treat with in the Legislature. The Governor said that " during no period in the history of the State has there been more marked improvement and general prosperity than in the year just passed, and never have the laws been more generally and efficiently executed. In several counties organized bands of lawless men have combined to override the civil authorities, and many acts of violence have occurred; but these have been incidental to the State in all its past history, and arise less, perhaps, from special enmity to the present form of government than from opposition to the restraints of law in general. When we consider what has been accomplished towards the establishment of equal laws and the acknowledgment of equal rights within the brief time since Republican government has been inaugurated, I think we find little cause for complaint, and less cause to reflect upon either the form of government or its official exponent. The chief 8  1I4 CARPETBAG RULE IN FLORIDA. executive and judicial departments of the government have been tested in a manner unparalleled in the history of civil govern- ment, and have stood that trial in such a way as to afford assur- ance of future integrity andto command the respect of the people. Every weak point in the New Constitution has been taken advantage of, by parties who contributed to the formation of that instrument to bring dishonor upon the administration and the State. Conspiracies have been formed to secure the control of the financial and railroad policy of the State in the interest of corrup men, and to render the government subservient to the pecuniary aggrandizement of a few at the expense of the best interests of the State and people. As the representatives of those interests, many of you, for the first time, are admitted to the rights of freemen. You have thus far resisted these extraordi- nary efforts to mislead, intimidate or subsidize you from the path of duty, and you have preserved the State from the incubus of a corrupt and corrupting power, which has fastened itself upon so many of the States now struggling to rise from the ruins of war. We received the high trust now held by us with the State desolated by seven years of anarchy and misrule, with an empty treasury, with six hundred thousand dollars acknowledged debt, and a much larger amount repudiated and hanging like a cloud upon our financial escutcheon, with bonds dishonored by years of neglected interest, with a school fund robbed of its last dollar to aid in a war upon the republic, with a railroad system half completed, bankrupted and at the mercy of an adjoining State; with revenue laws inadequate to the current expenses of the government, and which contemplated no payment of inter- est upon the State debt; with no schools or school system; no benevolent institutions, no alms-houses, no penitentiary, and scarcely a jail. Such was the inheritance bequeathed to us by the fortunes of war, and under such incumbrances we were required to establish and maintain a republican government, under which master and slave, whose relations had changed from the results of war, were to yield obedience to the same law and be entitled to the same privileges." The Governor said that George J. Alden, late Secretary of State, stands indebted to the amont of $I,284 for commissions, as appears on record in the Secretary's office. II4 CARPETBAG RULE IN FLORIDA. executive and judicial departments of the government have been tested in a manner unparalleled in the history of civil govern- ment, and have stood that trial in such a way as to afford assur- ance of future integrity and to command the respect of the people. Every weak point in the New Constitution has been taken advantage of, by parties who contributed to the formation of that instrument to bring dishonor upon the administration and the State. Conspiracies have been formed to secure the control of the financial and railroad policy of the State in the interest of corrup men, and to render the government subservient to the pecuniary aggrandizement of a few at the expense of the best interests of the State and people. As the representatives of those interests, many of you, for the first time, are admitted to the rights of freemen. You have thus far resisted these extraordi- nary efforts to mislead, intimidate or subsidize you from the path of duty, and you have preserved the State from the incubus of a corrupt and corrupting power, which has fastened itself upon so many of the States now struggling to rise from the ruins of war. We received the high trust now held by us with the State desolated by seven years of anarchy and misrule, with an empty treasury, with six hundred thousand dollars acknowledged debt, and a much larger amount repudiated and hanging like a cloud upon our financial escutcheon, with bonds dishonored by years of neglected interest, with a school fund robbed of its last dollar to aid in a war upon the republic, with a railroad system half completed, bankrupted and at the mercy of an adjoining State; with revenue laws inadequate to the current expenses of the government, and which contemplated no payment of inter- est upon the State debt; with no schools or school system; no benevolent institutions, no alms-houses, no penitentiary, and scarcely ajail. Such was the inheritance bequeathed to us by the fortunes of war, and under such incumbrances we were required to establish and maintain a republican government, under which master and slave, whose relations had changed from the results of war, were to yield obedience to the same law and be entitled to the same privileges." The Governor said that George J. Alden, late Secretary of State, stands indebted to the amont of $1,284 for commissions, asappears on record in the Secretary's office. 14 CARPETBAG RULE IN FLORIDA. executive and judicial departments of the government have been tested in a manner unparalleled in the history of civil govern- ment, and have stood that trial in such a way as to afford assur- ance of future integrity and to command the respect of the people. Every weak point in the New Constitution has been taken advantage of, by parties who contributed to the formation of that instrument to bring dishonor upon the administration and the State. Conspiracies have been formed to secure the control of the financial and railroad policy of the State in the interest of corrup men, and to render the government subservient to the pecuniary aggrandizement of a few at the expense of the best interests of the State and people. As the representatives of those interests, many of you, for the first time, are admitted to the rights of freemen. You have thus far resisted these extraordi- nary efforts to mislead, intimidate or subsidize you from the path of duty, and you have preserved the State from the incubus of a corrupt and corrupting power, which has fastened itself upon so many of the States now struggling to rise from the ruins of war. We received the high trust now held by us with the State desolated by seven years of anarchy and misrule, with an empty treasury, with six hundred thousand dollars acknowledged debt, and a much larger amount repudiated and hanging like a cloud upon our financial escutcheon, with bonds dishonored by years of neglected interest, with a school fund robbed of its last dollar to aid in a war upon the republic, with a railroad system half completed, bankrupted and at the mercy of an adjoining State; with revenue laws inadequate to the current expenses of the government, and which contemplated no payment of inter- est upon the State debt; with no schools or school system; no benevolent institutions, no alms-houses, no penitentiary, and scarcely ajai. Such was the inheritance bequeathed to us by the fortunes of war, and under such incumbrances we were required to establish and maintain a republican government, under which master and slave, whose relations had changed from the results of war, were to yield obedience to the same law and be entitled to the same privileges." The Governor said that George J. Alden, late Secretary of State, stands indebted to the amont of $I,284 for commissions, asappears on record in the Secretary's office.  CARPETBAG RULE IN FLORIDA. 115 CARPETBAG RULE IN FLORIDA. 115 The Legislature had been in session some twelve or fifteen days, and money did not seem to be so plentiful as in the last session, so something must be done to make business brisk. John W. Butler, of Santa Rosa county, who was capable oflead- ing any corrupt measure, was fixed upon as the proper man to face the public with an absurdity. A resolution was pushed through the Assembly for the election of United States Senato for the term commencing March 4, 1869. Old man Gilbert was telegraphed to as to what had transpired; but the old man, now secure in his seat, paid no attention to this money-making scheme. He had passed through the mill twice, and understood the game. The Senate refused to join the Assembly in this farce, which bothered the originators considerably; but they were equal to the occasion. The notorious Purman made his appearance in the Assembly and asked to be heard, but the speaker decided that he could not be heard without the consent of the body, the two Houses not being in joint session. Eight Democratic Senators were allowed to record their vote for 0. B. Hart, Republican, and one Republican for David L. Yulee, whereupon Hart was declared elected United States Senator, and the Assembly adjourned until the next day. The Democrats had no faith in the election, but determined to make the thing as ridiculous as possible. Hart spent some money to secure his elective bauble, and at once proceeded to Washington to contest the seat of Gilbert, but the United States Senate refused to entertain his contest, and so he was caught out several hundred dollars by these plunder-hunters. The Internal Improvement Board had disposed of one million one hundred thousand acres of land to the New York and Florida Lumber, Land and Improvement Company, for ten cents per acre, on condition of putting actual settlers for each half section and opening an immigration office in New York and establishing agencies in foreign countries. The plunderers believed this tobe a rich company, and were determined to have a hand in the sale. While some of the members of the Legis- lature were honest, and desired to protect the interests of the people, the great majority of the so-called white Republicans made it an object to make money out of every measure that affected the public purse, and however corrupt a measure might The Legislature had been in session some twelve or fifteen days, and money did not seem to be so plentiful as in the last session, so something must be done to make business brisk. John W. Butler, of Santa Rosa county, who was capable oflead. ing any corrupt measure, was fixed upon as the proper man to face the public with an absurdity. A resolution was pushed through the Assembly for the election of United States Senaton for the term commencing March 4, 1869. Old man Gilbert was telegraphed to as to what had transpired; but the old man, now secure in his seat, paid no attention to this money-making scheme. He had passed through the mill twice, and understood the game. The Senate refused to join the Assembly in this farce, which bothered the originators considerably; but they were equal to the occasion. The notorious Purman made his appearance in the Assembly and asked to be heard, but the speaker decided that he could not be heard without the consent of the body, the two Houses not being in joint session. Eight Democratic Senators were allowed to record their vote for 0. B. Hart, Republican, and one Republican for David L. Yulee, whereupon Hart was declared elected United States Senator, and the Assembly adjourned until the next day. The Democrats had no faith in the election, but determined to make the thing as ridiculous as possible. Hart spent some money to secure his elective bauble, and at once proceeded to Washington to contest the seat of Gilbert, but the United States Senate refused to entertain his contest, and so he was caught out several hundred dollars by these plunder-hunters. The Internal Improvement Board had disposed of one million one hundred thousand acres of land to the New York and Florida Lumber, Land and Improvement Company, for ten cents per acre, on condition of putting actual settlers for each half section and opening an immigration office in New York and establishing agencies in foreign countries. The plunderers believed this to be a rich company, and were determined to have a hand in the sale. While some of the members of the Legis- lature were honest, and desired to protect the interests of the people, the great majority of the so-called white Republicans made it an object to make money out of every measure that affected the public purse, and however corrupt a measure might cARPETBAG RULE IN FLORIDA. 115 The Legislature had been in session some twelve or fifteen days, and money did not seem to be so plentiful as in the last session, so something must be done to make business brisk. John W. Butler, of Santa Rosa county, who was capable oflead- ing any corrupt measure, was fixed upon as the proper man to face the public with an absurdity. A resolution was pushed through the Assembly for the election of United States Senatot for the term commencing March 4, x869. Old man Gilbert was telegraphed to as to what had transpired; but the old man, now secure in his seat, paid no attention to this money-making scheme. He had passed through the mill twice, and understood the game. The Senate refused to join the Assembly in this farce, which bothered the originators considerably; but they were equal to the occasion. The notorious Purman made his appearance in the Assembly and asked to be heard, but the speaker decided that he could not be heard without the consent of the body, the two Houses not being in joint session. Eight Democratic Senators were allowed to record their vote for 0. B. Hart, Republican, and one Republican for David L. Yulee, whereupon Hart was declared elected United States Senator, and the Assembly adjourned until the next day. The Democrats had no faith in the election, but determined to make the thing as ridiculous as possible. Hart spent some money to secure his elective bauble, and at once proceeded to Washington to contest the seat of Gilbert, but the United States Senate refused to entertain his contest, and so he was caught out several hundred dollars by these plunder-hunters. The Internal Improvement Board had disposed of one million one hundred thousand acres of land to the New York and Florida Lumber, Land and Improvement Company, for ten cents per acre, on condition of putting actual settlers for each half section and opening an immigration office in New York and establishing agencies in foreign countries. The plunderers believed this to be a rich company, and were determined to have a hand in the sale. While some of the members of the Legis. lature were honest, and desired to protect the interests of the people, the great majority of the so-called white Republicans made it an object to make money out of every measure that affected the public purse, and however corrupt a measure might  ts6 CARPETBAG RULE IN FLORIDA., be, and however damaging it might have been to tax-payers, it could be passed by the Legislature if sufficient money was paid to the leaders to appease their avarice. A resolution was intro- duced declaring the disposing of the lands of the board of Internal Improvement to be null and void, butit was postponed from day to day in the lower branch of the Legislature before it could be adopted for the sole purpose of extorting money from the company to whom the lands had been sold. It was finally adopted; but had the company thought the resolution was of sufficient importance to prevent its passage, it never would have been adopted. The company had its representatives on hand, who were confident that this matter was purely within the juris- diction of the courts and not the Legislature, and they, there- fore, paid no attention to the resolution. The Commissioner of Lands and Immigration reported the transactions of the board with reference to this sale in answer to the resolution passed by the Legislature, calling upon the board for an explanation, as will be seen by referring to Assembly journal, page 81. Schemes and counter schemes were introduced at this session, as in the sessions previous, to enrich the plunderers. On January 21st James D. Green, of Manatee county, introduced a resolution authorizing a committee of five to be appointed to inquire into the acts and doings of Harrison Reed, Governor of Florida, which resolution was adopted. Governor Reed also sent a communication to the House requesting it to have an impartial committee appointed to investigate his official acts and the acts of several officers of the government. M. L. Stearns, speaker of the Assembly, appointed James D. Green, George P. Raney, John Simpson, H. H. Forward and William B. White as said committee. While the committee wasengaged in its investigations the members of the Osborn ring were using large quantities of bad whisky, cigars and money to influence the colored members of the Legislature, regardless of testimony, to favor impeachment. They would call general caucuses, and those of the ring, not members of the Legislature, would be invited into the caucuses and allowed to vote. At these cau- st6 cARPETBAG RULE IN FLORIDA., be, and however damaging it might have been to tax-payers, it could be passed by the Legislature if sufficient money was paid to the leaders to appease their avarice. A resolution was intro- duced declaring the disposing of the lands of the board of Internal Improvement to be null and void, but it was postponed from day to day in the lower branch of the Legislature before it could be adopted for the sole purpose of extorting money from the company to whom the lands had been sold. It was finally adopted; but had the company thought the resolution was of sufficient importance to prevent its passage, it never would have been adopted. The company had its representatives on hand, who were confident that this matter was purely within the juris- diction of the courts and not the Legislature, and they, there- fore, paid no attention to the resolution. The Commissioner of Lands and Immigration reported the transactions of the board with reference to this sale in answer to the resolution passed by the Legislature, calling upon the board for an explanation, as will be seen by referring to Assembly journal, page s. Schemes and counter schemes were introduced at this session, as in the sessions previous, to enrich the plunderers. On January 21st James D. Green, of Manatee county, introduced a resolution authorizing a committee of five to be appointed to inquire into the acts and doings of Harrison Reed, Governor of Florida, which resolution was adopted. Governor Reed also sent a communication to the House requesting it to have an impartial committee appointed to investigate his official acts and the acts of several officers of the government. M. L. Stearns, speaker of the Assembly, appointed James D. Green, George P. Raney, John Simpson, H. H. Forward and William B. White as said committee. While the committee was engaged in its investigations the members of the Osborn ring were using large quantities 'of bad whisky, cigars and money to influence the colored members of the Legislature, regardless of testimony, to favor impeachment. They would call general caucuses, and those of the ring, not members of the Legislature, would be invited into the caucuses and allowed to vote. At these cas- I6 CARPETBAG RULE IN FLORIDA. be, and however damaging it might have been to tax-payers, it could be passed by the Legislature if sufficient money was paid to the leaders to appease their avarice. A resolution was intro- duced declaring the disposing of the lands of the board of Internal Improvement to be null and void, but it was postponed from day to day in the lower branch of the Legislature before it could be adopted for the sole purpose of extorting money from the company to whom the lands had been sold. It was finally adopted; but had the company thought the resolution was of sufficient importance to prevent its passage, it never would have been adopted. The company had its representatives on hand, who were confident that this matter was purely within the juris- diction of the courts and not the Legislature, and they, there- fore, paid no attention to the resolution. The Commissioner of Lands and Immigration reported the transactions of the board with reference to this sale in answer to the resolution passed by the Legislature, calling upon the board for an explanation, as will be seen by referring to Assembly journal, page 81. Schemes and counter schemes were introduced at this session, as in the sessions previous, to enrich the plunderers. On January 21st James D. Green, of Manatee county, introduced a resolution authorizing a committee of five to be appointed to inquire into the acts and doings of Harrison Reed, Governor of Florida, which resolution was adopted. Governor Reed also sent a communication to the House requesting it to have an impartial committee appointed to investigate his official acts and the acts of several officers of the government. M. L. Stearns, speaker of the Assembly, appointed James D. Green, George P. Raney, John Simpson, H. H. Forward and William B. White as said committee. While the committee was engaged in its investigations the members of the Osborn ring were using large quantities 'of bad whisky, cigars and money to influence the colored members of the Legislature, regardless of testimony, to favor impeachment. They would call general caucuses, and those of the ring, not members of the Legislature, would be invited into the caucuses and allowed to vote. At these cau-  CARPFETBAG RULE IN FLORIDA. 1157 teases the ilertonrgued, but tyrannical Puman, thougha mm ber of the Senate at the titne, twould appear and "With nmooth dissintolation skilled to grace A devil's purpose,tcith an angel's face," he touold tell the colored ntetohees hose their owtn tact had keen murdoted in Jackson coutnty, and out Repuhlican Governor, weha stood at the head of the gotvernmeent, as a father stands at the head of hit family, refosed to declare martial late in that couoty cod "1host the hell-deserving reelstdott." He wauld tell them that he demacded the impeachment of Harrison Reed in the come of the Republican patty, io the name of all the negee hlood that had bees shed tpon a thousand hattle-fields in the late car. He would appeal to therepassions in evry stay imaginableto secuetheie votes foe the impeachment of Reed. These appealstdidowell for the moment,out they coudnotbear sceriny. The most of these colored members had keen forced to the opineion that if the Republican Govrnment could he main- taised inthe State it coold hesthbedone by thetmansrhosas nosw at the head of the goveromenrt, and that IIitsras not safe to swap hortestohilt swimmng the stream." They held a cautctts and deermiteed so assait the report tef tke committee. Some tef them weepromised tobe given so much maney after they hadveted fter impeachment; hat they preferred to have the money paid before hated. The ring, fearing from the last attempt at impeachment, that the colored brother would not prove faithfnl, changed front and offered to place theamoney in the hands of third patties, to he delivered after the vete wsta cast; hat the coloredhbrotherseanted no third patty in thin scriminal matter. With doubting heart and palsied hand pact of the amount agreed upon teas paid to the colored brother, weho now sealks off aod smiles to knost that he has got the kent of the man weho no often told his cotei tshe previous Legislatares. I shall tell mote of the colored brother sehen I get to the report of the com- mnittee. Datiteg the investigations in the acts and doingp of Governor Reed he appoiteed E. C. Weeks an Lieutenant-Gooeror. Thin wsadenouncedhbytheting as usurpatioteof poster, anda com- mittee stas appointed so inquire into the appuotmet, stith the CARPETBAG RULE IN FLORIDA. 117 CARPETBAG RULE IN FLORIDA. 117 cusrs the silver-tongued,bt tyrannical Prman, though a mete- her of the Senuaa the time, seould appear and "With smooth ditsimulation skilled to grace A devil's purpose,seith anangel'snface," he seould tell the colored members hose their osen race had keen murdered in Jacktonocounty, aod our Republican Governor, seho stood at the head of the goernment, as a father stands at the head of his family, refused to declare martial last in that county and I"Ihunt tehhell-deserving rehelsdoe.t" He stould tell them that hr demanded the impeachment of Hamison Reed iu the name of the Republican patty, inte he teame of all the teegro blood shut had hero shed ttpon a thousand hattle-fields in the lateswar. Heseauld appeal to their passionsnin every stay imaginable toosecure their votes for the impeachment of Reed. These appeals did mell for the moment, hat they could not hear scrutiny. Thermost of thesercolored members had kern forteed to the opinion that if the Republican Govs' rmeut couldhbe main- taioed inthe State it could hest be done hyshemanswho stasnuse as the head of the government, and that "is seas nutnafeto seap horses whilt sseimmntig the stream." They held a caucas and determined so astait the report of the committee. Some uf them stee promisd tobe given no much money after they had vted foreimpeachment; butthey preferred touhave the money paid before hated. The ring, fearing from the last attempt as impeachment, that the colored brother stould not proverfaithful, changed front and offered to plae the money insthe hands of third patties, so hr delivered after the vote wsta cast; but the colorerdbrotherswanted no third party in shin criminal matter. With doubtiteg heart and palsied hand pars of the amount agreedoupon wst paid to the colored brother, weho nose walks off and smiles toknost that he has gut the hest of the mae who so often sold his voote in the previous Legislatures. I shall tell more of the colored brother sehen I get to thetreport of the coin. During the investigations in the acts and doings of Governor Reed he appointed R. C. Weeks as Lieteoant-Govrenoe. This stas deouncedhbythering asusuarpationtof poster, and acom- mittee wsta appointed to inquire into the appointment, stith the cones the silvr-tongued, but tyrannical Putman, though amem- her of the Senate as the time, mould appear and With smooth dissimulation skilled to grace A devil's purpose, milk an angel's face," he would tell the colored membrs hate their osen race had keen murdered in Jackson counoty, and our Republican Governor, weho stood at tke hrad of the government, as a father stands at the head of his family, refused to declare martial lose in that couty and " 'hoot the bell-desrvcing rebels downr." He seould tell them that he demanded the impeachment of Harrison Reed in the Rome of the Repuhlican party, in the teame of all the negro blood that had hero shrd Utpon a thousand battle-fields in the latesear. Hemwould appeal to their passions in every stay imaginablrtotecaretheir votes foe the impeachment of Reed. Thrse appeals did weell for the morment, hut they cutld nut hear scrutiey. The most of these colored members had keen forced so the opinion that if the Repuhlican Government could be main- taiteed in the State it could hesthbe done hy themon stho wstu nose at the head of the gocernment, and that " itmwas notnsafe to swap hocrssmhile swimmting the stream." They held a caucus and determined so await the report of the committee. Some of them mere promisedto be given so muchmoney aftersthey had voted foe impeachment; hut they preferred to have the money paid beforehband. The ring, fearing from the last attempt at impeachment, than the colored brother mould not prove faithful, changed front anduoffered to plae the money inthe hands of third parties, to he delivered after the vote wsta cant; but the coloreddbrotherswanted no third party in this scriminal matter. Withbdoabing heart and palsied hand part of the amount agreed upon wsea paid to the colored brother, weho nose stalks off and smiles to bos that he has got the kent of the mae stho so often sold his vote in the previous Legislatures. I shall tell more of the colored brother sehen I get to the report of the com- mittee. Daring the incestigations in the arts and doings of Gotrnor Reed be appointed R. C. Weeks as Lieutenant-Governo. This stasdeounced by thring as usurpation of poster, and acom- mister man appointed so inquie into the appointment, mith the  1I8 CARPETBAG RULE IN FLORIDA. intention of making that one of the causes of impeachment. Weeks, on the next morning after his appointment, proceeded to the Senate and attempted to preside. Hon. John A. Hender- son, from Hillsborough county, came to his seat in the Senate and saw Weeks in the president's chair. Henderson said noth- ing until the time arrived to call the Senate to order. Weeks seized the gavel and undertook to call the Senate to order. Henderson, who was aware that Weeks had been appointed, arose and inquired of the other Senators as to what that was in the president's chair? Weeks responded that he had been appointed Lieutenant-Governor by Governor Reed, which position authorized him to preside over the Senate. The Senator declared that the Senate would not recognize such appointment, which position was sustained by the Senate. Weeks retired in good order, and did not return. He some months after applied to the Comptroller for his pay as Lieutenant-Governor, but the Comptrol- ler refused to pay the amount on the ground that he was not legally the Lieutenant-Governor. Weeks next applied to the Supreme Court for a mandamus, compelling the payment of the amount, and the Court ordered the amount paid, and thus affirmed the validity of his appointment. The 4th day of January was set apart for the report of the committee of investigation. The author of this work deems it unwise to embody the whole of the evidence and the majority and minority reports, but will give only the strongest evidence against the Governor, suppressing entirely the testimony of the Governor himself. The strongest evidence is that of the letter, exhibit G, which is embodied in the majority report, and which testimony I have copied verbatim. Sherman Conant sworn-Saw a letter in June, 1869, in pos- session of General Littlefield, at the City Hotel, injTallahassee, Fla., addressed to Harrison Reed. Governor of Florida, purport. ing to have been written by George W. Swepson, a true copy of which is hereto annexed, marked Exhibit G. The letter was signed by George W. Swepson. I have never had any business transactions with Geo. W. Swepson, nor have I ever seen him sign his name. I saw in December this same duplicate original let- ter, and at the same time I saw an instrument of writing purport- ing to convey in real property in Florida, signed by George W. XIS CARPETBAG RULE IN FLORIDA. intention of making that one of the causes of impeachment. Weeks, on the next morning after his appointment, proceeded to the Senate and attempted to preside. Hon. John A. Hender- son, from Hillsborough county, came to his seat in the Senate and saw Weeks in the president's chair. Henderson said noth. ing until the time arrived to call the Senate to order. Weeks seized the gavel and undertook to call the Senate to order. Henderson, who was aware that Weeks had been appointed, arose and inquired of the other Senators as to what that was in the president's chair ? Weeks responded that he had been appointed Lieutenant-Governor by Governor Reed, which position authorized him to preside over the Senate. The Senator declared that the Senate would not recognize such appointment, which position was sustained by the Senate. Weeks retired in good order, and did not return. He some months after applied to the Comptroller for his pay as Lieutenant-Governor, but the Comptrol- ler refused to pay the amount on the ground that he was not legally the Lieutenant-Governor. Weeks next applied to the Supreme Court for a mandamus, compelling the payment of the amount, and the Court ordered the amount paid, and thus affirmed the validity of his appointment. The 4th day of January was set apart for the report of the committee of investigation. The author of this work deems it unwise to embody the whole of the evidence and the majority and tinority reports, but will give only the strongest evidence against the Governor, suppressing entirely the testimony of the Governor himself. The strongest evidence is that of the letter, exhibit G, which is embodied in the majority report, and which testimony I have copied verbatim. Sherman Conant sworn-Saw a letter in June, 1869, in pos- session of General Littlefield, at the City Hotel, inITallahassee, Fla., addressed to Harrison Reed, Governor of Florida, purport- ing to have been written by George W. Swepson, a true copy of which is hereto annexed, marked Exhibit G. The letter was signed by George W. Swepson. I have never had any business transactions with Geo. W. Swepson, nor have I ever seen him sign his name. I saw in December this same duplicate original let. ter, and at the same time I saw an instrument of writing purport- ing to convey in real property in Florida, signed by George W. II8 CARPETBAG RULE IN FLORIDA. intention of making that one of the causes of impeachment. Weeks, on the next morning after his appointment, proceeded to the Senate and attempted to preside. Hon. John A. Hender- son, from Hillsborough county, came to his seat in the Senate and saw Weeks in the president's chair. Henderson said noth- ing until the time arrived to call the Senate to order. Weeks seized the gavel and undertook to Call the Senate to order. Henderson, who was aware that Weeks had been appointed, arose and inquired of the other Senators as to what that was in the president's chair? Weeks responded that he had been appointed Lieutenant-Governor by Governor Reed, which position authorized him to preside over the Senate. The Senator declared that the Senate would not recognize such appointment, which position was sustained by the Senate. Weeks retired in good order, and did not return. He some months after applied to the Comptroller for his pay as Lieutenant-Governor, butthe Comptrol- ler refused to pay the amount on the ground that he was not legally the Lieutenant-Governor. Weeks next applied to the Supreme Court for a mandamus, compelling the payment of the amount, and the Court ordered the amount paid, and thus affirmed the validity of his appointment. The 4th day of January was set apart for the report of the committee of investigation. The author of this work deems it unwise to embody the whole of the evidence and the majority and minority reports, but will give only the strongest evidence against the Governor, suppressing entirely the testimony of the Governor himself. The strongest evidence is that of the letter, exhibit G, which is embodied in the majority report, and which testimony I have copied verbatim. Sherman Conant sworn-Saw a letter in June, 1869, in pos- session of General Littlefield, at the City Hotel, inATallahassee, Fla., addressed to Harrison Reed, Governor of Florida, purport- ing to have been written by George W. Swepson, a true copy of which is hereto annexed, marked Exhibit G. The letter was signed by George W. Swepson. I have never had any business transactions with Gee. W. Swepson, nor have I ever seen him sign his name. I saw in December this same duplicate original let- ter, and at the same time I saw an instrument of writing purport- ing to convey in real property in Florida, signed by George W.  CARPETBAG RULE IN FLORIDA. 119 CARPETBAG RULE IN FLORIDA. 119 Steepoon to M. S. Littlefield, to which isteotoent was attached aocerifioate of ackohwledgement, atodee seal, to the effmc that Geoege WV. Stepson had achnowledged hefore tunh oficer that he had exeouted such isteotmest. The signature to thi lettee above referred toosndthe sigtureeto the istrumest of wreiting lasttmrstiotedseeite sehadrtitg. Tho commtoittee oncludle their report as follows: "lInregard toGoernor Reed hacingeeivedstssseyas a considerotion foe Ealling the opecial seosion of the Legistature, which ooooeoed lost June, wr find that George W. Swepsott wrote toGocernor Reed in the following words and figures, (Confidential.) " RALEIGH, N. C., May 3 t, t869. "HOo. HARRON REED, TALLAHASSEE, FLA.: "1DER SIR-I regret 'myinability tohbein yosr Ety dar- ing the extra sessios of the Legislature. Had it heeR convtened os the Soost of June, at at fiest constemplted, I osld have come. As it is, I cannot. Gesneral Littlefield has tho hill,-etE., and will folly explain everything to yoo; we eopect him to prevent any diffioultyhbeingmadeowith youby Osborn's fientds. Itwrite hastily andto the point. Yooremembhee, when in New Yoeh, 000 agreement was this: You weee to Fall the Legislatue together, ond ROe your iDflueRce to hare or hills pasted as deown hy us, and if youoweesuccessfolio this yos were to he paidotwolvr thoosoed Sove hunded dollaes iR oath, oot of whioh amoont wos to he dedooted the seenty-fice hundred (7500) dollort you haoe heretoforercivrd, leacisg a balance of Sive thousand dollas to he paid as an early day. " Shoold oor hbills as draws pass, we want youato go to New Yorhoand signoand issuetosthe Statehonds, and receie the bondsoof oorroodinrochonge for them. IAoy arrangewrnt General Littlefield way nmahe in this matter, wilbeocarrird ost ingood faith. "Vry truty, 0(Signed) I"GEORGR W. Swnrooo. -Nrr. rraoooorwrt..p,edtatibrostorotd RwEpnt onoota Moone you ignthi yo hal Im -tig." Sott baw rat ertarys ORet Flrida, whee Rotorl wtas0 totk coirton of ito -on. At the smw Owme Oatca teded -ra thusnd olarsfonwe ottoI.- - Swepsoo to M. S. Littlefield, to which instroment was attaohed a oertifioate of achnowledgement, snder seal, to the effect that George WV. Swepsos had aohnowledged before suoh officer that he had eoecoted soch instrumentL The nignatue to thh ltuer aboveefeeredtooand theoignoatsrerotheintrwent of writing last meotioned were in the same handwriting. Thr commwittee conclode theie report as follows: "tInregard toGocrnor Rred haoing recived moneypas a oosideration for oalling thr sproial tension of the Legitlature, which oonvened last Josr, we Sond that Geoege W. Swepton wrote to Goveenor Rd in the following words and figoest, (Confidential.) "RALEGH, N. C., May Pt, r869p. HO.HARRIONRED, TALLAASSEE,PLA.: IIDERonStn-t regrt'ty inohility tohbein your city doe- ing thera eossoion of te Lrgislotue. Had it heenoconvenrd on the fiest of Junr, an at firo cootemsplated, I coold have cme. As it in, I cannot. Grnrol Littlefield has thr bill-.etE., and wilt folly ecplain everything toyoo; wceepeot him to prevent any diffioolty being modrwith youhy Oshorn'sfiends. S-write hastiyoondothe poin. Yos emewher, when in Nrw Yorh, or agreement woo this: Von wre to oall the Legislatore togethrr, and Roe yoor infloenoce to hone our bills pasted as drown hy ons, and if yoowrrsoorssful in this yoo were to br paid twelve thoonand floe hondred dollars in cash, 000 nfl which omoont was to he dedocted the seventy-five hondred (7500) dollars yoo hoe hretoforereerived, lraning a halance of fivr thoosand dolartobr paidoata erly day. I'Shoold ooe bills as draws pass, we want you to go to New Yorkcondfsignoand issoetoous the Statr bonds, and reeive the honds of our road in exchange for them. "Any arrangemwent General Littlefield may mahe in this matter, willhreooarird ootin good faith. " Very troly, O(Signed) I'Goonon W. fwEnon. *Not-t aftrwa, tm,,i,,tht Osorn viitedr noeraw t Ralihdp prdtileto rad o pledg tod S ersa ie weol Siit e ,,l Or w alloaRot to r 1 Elt10 o re wattd, sam 1 , "I- ct t rot tw-oto ini ortoe mebr ow d Rotto oles tattW opyrtheltr IliateodO bane omecopy to oLittadto tokn to Fleoia, whereonsul woos1 to tk charge oCit, -tion. At thersme Owme Osoworciedo m~rot thousand ollars, frow twepson to muesces OARPETBAG ROLE tO FLORtDA. 1t9 Swepoon to M. S. Littlrfield, to which instroment was attached a crrtificate of achnowledgeotent, onder trot, to the effect that George W. Swepeon had achnowledged hefore soeh nic~er that he had execotrd such instroment. The signatore to tht ltuer ahove referred to and the signature to the intrteunent ofl writing lost mentioned wore in the tame handwriting. The comtotittee onolude thrir report s follows: Itoregard toGoernor Rrrd haning receiced mnneyas a coosidratioo for calling the special sessioo of the Legislatoe, which conceoed loot Jone, we find that George W. Swepson wrote toGoveroor Reed inthe following wordstand igres, (Confidential.) "RALEnIGH, N. C., May 3 , t1869. HION. HARSanON REED, TAL.LAHASSoEE, FLA.: IIDEARoStn-t regrrt'my inahbiity to bein your city doe- ing thr extro trotsion of the Legislotore. Had it heenoconvened on the firstof June,aatfirtcoteopltd, Itooidhavcome. As it is, I cannot General Littlefield has the hilt-.etc., and will folly eoplain ecrythiog to you; wenepect him to prerent any difficolty heing madr with you hy Ohborn's friends. I-write hastiyoand tothe point. Yoorememher, when in New Yorh, oer ogreement was this: Yoo were to colt the Legiolatore together, ond uoe your infltoene to hace our hillo passed as drown by ots, and if yoo weeoocorssfolio thin ynou were to be paid twrive thoosond floe hondred dollars in cash, out of which omoont wan to be dedocted the seventy-five hondred (7500) doloars yoo horn heretofore reciv-ed, leovng a balane of fice thoosond dollars lo be paid Ro an early day. I IShoold or bills as drawn paw, we want yousto go to New Yorh andfsign and isstoootheSttehond, atd recrice the bonds of ooreroad in eochonge foe them. IAny arrangement General Littlefield may makeo in this matter, wilt he carried ootin good faith. "Very truly 0(Signed) "1Gnonon W. Swnroon. p0. t il rtoer, toa t lrdger m 00005000w,00000 to e thould to- too toeegiaoto Do watedo, melon, "I cotrol toro-otolrdth e memberosoa wormss coO 00irothi too~lbtotornotine.1 noSw-mlsratscer Rosen- that, to c~opynheleteoin dulcatnandrreo oLttefildotake wto P 0 r Cons t wa00 too ok thre or its executio. At the sae Owme Osboore ret~dserthoosad dollrfrom wep ortoimu oemm  IThis letter seas sealed n'ith peivate seal of Swepson, and weas delivered by General Milton S. Littlefield to Governor Reed in Tallahassee, a day or tsea prior to she tmeeting of the Legisla. taee in June. Goveenor Reed did not read thisoletterinoGeneral Littlefield's presence. No allusion to the letter oat er made by Governoe Reed to General Littlefield, until in Decetmher, hetsaid to him it weas Mr. Swepson's duty to corectesthe vile slandee of the Coant affidavit, and the newespaper aeticles upon it. We hond that General Littlefield let Goveenor Reed hone seneral somsof msoney dueingsthe sesion, butte erecharged against him, andseahas anot been paid, is nowe held in account against him. Hr furthee staten that hr kows from Goveenor Rend's owen acknoseledgment that Mr. Soepson has let Govternor Rend hate sesenty-fhve hondred dollars, $2,500 of wchich is secored hy motegage, and the balance is the $5,000 drabt before alluded to. This is all no hace been able so discocer on this point, eo~ept that these wsn a daplicate original of tbe letter jost recited, sehich seas shosen by Genral Littlefield to different parttes at diffeent times. I"'In the mtatter of the peinting of State bonds, see find there seas mateeial difference between the cost and that of other bonds subsequently peinted at the same hoase in Nese York. We Sond no evidence of any fraud. IReluctantly it is that see have comn to the concolusion se hold as to one duty; bu bais visa' of the ciecastascot, oae daty is plain, and see thereforeenomnmend that Harerison Reed, Gas'- enor of Floeida, be impeached, and respectfally recommend the passage of the accompanying eesolution." JAMS nD. GREEN,Chairman, Gno. P. RoosY, JON SIMPeSON, H. H. FORnARD, Reoa/ed by the Assembly, That Hartison Reed, Governor of Florida, be impeachsd of high rimes and misdemeanors, seal feasnce and incomspetency in office. Me. White, nf Clay, from same committrr, madt the follase- iog mninority report: " After mash slot and oaboe given to taking of the sesti- tnsy, still sore timebhas been necessary to enable as toeach any satisfactory conclusions, and that the report hasbeen do- layed. Loobing bach over the history of the Stats foe the last ten years. so fall of excitement, agitatin, and tormoil, see are profoundlyimopressedsnith asenseeof the calne of the rsuslts of the reconstructive legislation of the Rational Government, and its I IThis ltterseas sealedeith pivate sel of fseepson, and seas deliveed by General Milton S. Littlefiold to Gocernosr Reed in Tallahase, a day or to prior to the meeting at the Lrgisla- ltr in June. Governor Rerd did not readthis letterin General Littlefiold's presence. No allusion to the lettet seas ever made by Governor Reed to General Littlefirld, ontil in Decrember, be said to him is swas Me. Snepson's duty to correct the vile slandet of the Conant affidavit, and the nespsaper aeticles upon it. We Sond that General Littlefiold let Governor Reed hace several nsems of money doring the session, hot theynwrercharged against him, anodbhat has not been paid, is nose held in account aganst him. He further states that ho bowns from Goveror Rend's owen ackowedgmrnt that Mr. Smepson has let Gocernor Reed have seventy-Sive hundred dollars, $a, 500 nf wehich in senured by mortgage, and the balance is the $5,000 dmaf before alloded to. This is all see hart been able to discocer on this point, eoerpt that thre seas a doplicatr original of the letter jost recited, whbich seas shon by Generol Littlefield to different parties at different times. "1In the mattes of the pointing of Stale bonds, see Sond thre seas material difftrence betseen the cost and that of other bonds subsequently pointed as the same boast in Noew York. We Sind noaevideneeof any fraud. I"IReluctantly it is that see have come to the conclusion se hold as to osr duty; bas in viese of the circumstances, otr doty is plain, andmwe thereforesrecommend that Harrison Reed, Gov- enrof Florida, be impeached, and respectfullysrecommend the passage of the accompanying resolution." JAMESs D. GREN, Chairman, GEO. P. RoosY, JOHN SIMPSON, H. H. FORWAsRo, -Reoemd by tde Aaasebly, That Harrison Reed, Governor of Florida, be impeached of high crimes and misdemeanors, mal feasance and incompetency in office. Mr. White, of Clay, from same committee, made the follose- iog minority report: 'After mash time and labor gicen so taking of the tesli- msany, still morestime has been necessary to enablerusto reach any satisfactory conclusions, and that the repnrt has beende- toyed. Looking barb over the history of the State for the last len years. so fall of excitement, agitation, and turmoil, see are profondly impressedseith a sese of the ralue of thersulsof the recnonstructine lrgislation of the National Government, and its " Tbis lessee was sealed seith prirate seal of Swepson, and seas delivered by General Milton S. Littlefiold to Governsor Reed in Tallabassee, a day or too prior so the meeting of tbe Legisla- turerinJune. Governor Reed did not read this lettrin General Littlefield's presence. No allusion to the letter wat ecer made by Governor Reed to General Littlefield, until in December, he said to him it seas Mr. fseepson's duty to correct the vile slander of the Conant affidacit, and the nesespaper articles upon it. We Sond that General Littlefiold let Governor Reed bare sever al sumsof money during the session, busttey weecharged against bim, and wnhat bassnot bernopaid, is nos e bld in account against him. tHe farther states that hr knnows from Governor Reed's own acknoseledgment that Me. Serson has ltt Governor Rred have seventy-five hunded dollars, $a,500 onf whbich is Secored by mortgage, and the balance is the $5,ooo draftbehort alloded to. This is all see hate heren able to discocer on this point, oept that therr seas a doplicate original of tbr letter just recited, sehich seas shon by Genral Littlefield so different pasties as dilffrent times. IsI the matter of the printing of State bonds, see Sond there seas material differenrt betneen the cost and that of other bonds subsequently printed at the same house in Noew York. We find no evidence of any fraud. IReluctantly itsis that see have come to the conclosion we hold as to or duty; bat is view of the circumstances, ear duty is plain, and see theref ore recommend tbat Harrison Reed, Gov- sense of Florida, be impranhed, nd respectfully recommend the passage raf the accompanying resolution." JAMES D. GREN, Cbairman, GEO. P. RAEYc, JOHN StMPSON, H. H. FORseARn, Reol/ed by tde Aasseby, That Harrison Reed, Governor of Florida, be impeached of high crimes and misdemeanors, seal feasasre and incompetency in office. Mr. White, of Clay, from same committee, made the follose- ing minority repot: "After mash lime nd labor gicen to taking of the testi- nony, still more timehashbeen necessary to enableoustosreach any sisfartory conclosionsand shoe the reporths been de- layed. Looking barb oresr the history of the State foe the last tea yeas, so full of excitement, agitation, and turmoil, see are profotusdly imprssedseith a sense of the ralus of thereslts of the recenstrtive legislation of the National Gorernment, and its  subseqjuenteresult in the oeganization of our Bun State govern- ment, White swe cannot claimo that this legislation is absolutely perfect, or the eesutts ta he attogethee those that may have heeB desieed, yet hnoseitng swell the thoosand difficulties that, feom the peculiae situattotsand chaeacteistics of theswhoe Sothwould Becessariyhang around andembhareass anyattemopt at adequate legislatioo at the haod of meeely homas lose-givers, see helieve that as a wole she legislatioo of eeconstructioB originated feom paotic motioes, oas framed io a feiendly spieit, thoogh some of itsomeasuees may seemehaesh, and is asswellhftted to pomote the oltimote prusprity of tnr SoutherB Stares, and the seell- heiog of their citizens, as coulid be hoped of any legislation that coold haverheen expected undrtheCicmstances. " It has heen, therefoe, writh ncommon reret thatse hose seeo, asocitizens, the stength of she State government impaired, its character taenished, its credit injueed, and its poseer foe good diminished hy the moltitode of charges and accusa- tiono that, from swhatevr source comiog, have actually hero in circulatioo agaist the Esecotioe of she State, and, as citizens, have felt that the hest good of the State and people, the cause of troth aod jostice, and the private interests of she Executive, all alihe demaoded a foil investigatioR into the trush of the charget made, and an impartialtand fearless aseaedof justice at wshatever cost of private feeling or party pride. "And is seas seith precitely tuch feelings that, sehenuone- pectedly the duty of investigation devolved upon os, see entered into the examination of the charges made. We have made the examination seith aSl fairness, justice and impartiality, and annoonce the consideeation to sehich see have heen irresistahly led hy the testimony that hat heeB laid hefore as. " IFeom the nature of the chsarges madeand of evidence adduced to sopport them, the attention of the committee ham heen particolarly directed toseaeds the folloseing teansactions as especially requirtngexamination,nand at indicating sinister motives, and involving criminality on the paet of Governoe Reed. "tist. It wat alleged that Governor Reed reeceived from George W. Sseepo five thousand dollars, sehich wsa supposed toahavehbeen imnpeoperty ohtained foe his owen private use and advantage, upon the credit of the State. "a2d. Itseas charged that Goernoe Reed had eeceived eleven hundred and fifty dollars from the Floeida Raileoad Company due the Sinhing Ford, seithout authority from the Trustees of the Intrnal Improoetnent Pond, and had failed to accuunt threfoe to rte Tensneer of the Fund, except intsrip. I3d. Is seas alleged that Goveenor Reed had received suhsequoetresulttin the oeganiatdon of ouowsnState govern- ment. While see cannot claim that this legislation is ahsolutely prfect, or the results to he altogether those that may have heen desired, yet kosing melt the thousand difficulties that, from the pecoliar situation and characteristics of the sehole Sooth seould necessardlyhang around andemarrass anyoattempt at adequate legislation at she hand of merely human lam-givers, see helieve that as a inhale the legislation of reconsruction originated from patriotic motives, seas framed in a friendly spirit, though some of its masues may seem harsh, and is asswellhftted to promote the ultimsate yeospeeity of toe Suthern States, and she seell- hying of their citizens, as could he hoped of any legislation that coold have hero eoprcted onder the circumstanes. " t has hreeo, therefore, seith no common reget thasswe have seen, as citiens, the stenogth of the State government impaired, its character tarnished, its credit iojured, and its poseer foe good diminished hy the multitode of charges and accosa- tions that, from whatever source coming, have actually hero in oiecultion against thr Roxecutive of the State, and, ascizes have felt that the hest good of the State and people, the cause of truthndjostice, and the private interests of the Rxecotive, all alike demaoded a full investigation ioto the teoth of she chaeges made, and an impartialoand fereless asearduofjustice at sehatever cost of private feerhng or party pride. "And it wsea seith preciselyuch feelings that,sehen unex- pectedly the duty of investigation devolved upon us, me enteed into the examination of the charges made. We have made the enamination with all fairness, jaustice and impartiality, and announce the consideration to sehivh see have heen ireesistahly led hy the testimony that has heen laid hefoe us. "From the natore of the ch arges madand of evidence addoed to suppoet them, the attention of the conmmittee has heen particolarly directed sowaeds the folloseing transacsin ns s especiallyrequiring examination, and as indicating sinister nsotives, and involviog Ciminality on the part of Goveenor Reed. "t. It mat alleged that Goveenor Reed received from George W. Smepson five thousand dollars, swhich wat supposed to have hemn improperly ohtained for his osen private usa and advantage, upon the credit of the State, "ad, Itmwas charged that Goversner Rend had recet'red eleven hondred asd fifty dollars front the Florida Raderoad Company due the Sinhing Fund, swithout authority from she Trostees of the Internal Improvement Fund, and had failed to account theefor to theTreasurer of the Fund, except in scrip. "3d. It wat alleged that Governor Reed had reeet'ed suhseqiuent result in the organization of ooroen State govern- ment. W~hile see cannot claim that this legislation is ahsolutely perfect, or the results tn he altogether those that may have heen desired, yet hknowing melt the thousand difficulties that, from the peculiar situatioo and characteristics of thesehole Southmwould necessarily hang arundandmarass any attempt at adeqoate legislatioo at the hand of merely human lam-givers, see helieve that as a wehole the legislation of recoostroction originated from patriotic motives, seas framed in a frieodly spirit, though some of its measoes may seem harsh, and is as melt fitted so promote the otimase prosperity of the Southern States, and the melt- heing of their citiaens, as culd hr hoped of any legislation that could havehbeen expected uoder the circumstances. " IIt hat hero, therefoe, weith no common regret thatmwe have seen, asocitiaeoo, the stength of the State government impaired, its character toroished, its credit iojored, and its poseer for good dimioished hy the muhitude of charges and accusa- tions that, from sehatever source coming, have actually heem in Circulatioo agaiost the Eoecotive of the State, and, as citiaens, have felt that the hest good of the State and people, the cause of trothand justice,andsthe private interests of the Executive, all alihe demanded a foil investigation into the troth of the charges made, andan impartdaland fearless amard of justieat wehatever coot of private feeling or party pride. "And it seas seith precisely soch feelings that, n-hen anet- pectedly the duty of investigation devolved upon Os, see entred into she euamination of she charges made, We have made the examinntion seith all fairness, justice and impartiality, and announce she consideration to sehich me have heen iresistahlp led hy the testimony that has heen laid hefoe us. " From the nature of the charges made, and of evidence addoced so support them, the auteotion of the committee has hero particularly directed toseards the folloming transactions s especially requiriog eamination, and as indicatingtsinitr motives, and involvingeriminality on the part of Governor Reed. "tot. It seas alleged that Governor Reed recived from George W. Smepson five thoosand dollars, wehich seas supposed to have heen improperly ohtained forehis own private ate and advantage, apes the credit at the State, "ad, Is mar charged that Goersor Reed had received eleven hunded and fifty dollars from the Florida Railroad Company doe the Sinhing Fund, weithout authority from the Trosters of the Internal Improvement Fund, and had failed to arcount theefor to the Tensurer of she Fond, excepytin scrip. "3d. It wsea alleged that Governor Reed had received  tsselve thousand flve hun~dred dollars foe calin~g the extra session of the Legislature ins June, 1869. '4th. It seas alleged that Goernor Reed had received a balance due the State of some six thousand four hundred and ninety-eight dollaen, upon the sale of honds helonging to the State, in canh, and had acicoonted therefor an scrip. "5th. It seas alleged that Governoe Reed had purchased a large qouatity of aems fae the use of the State, chaeging the State therefor a loergee sum than he actoally paid foe these. "6ith. Itseasecharged that Goeenor Reed had peoeoeed the peinting oreengraig ofeetainhbonds foe thefState, and charged moree foe the same thaa he actually paid foe the seoeh. "Atlaege amount of eidence,hboth oalandeeitte,eas tahen in eefereenee to sach of the differetchaeges seade, tand folltandmatoecoasiderationseas given tothetame. The testi- mony in full, at the same ws tahen hy os, is heesith given, and made a paet of this eepoet, and ineieseof the coclsion ultimately reaehed, theee seest to he no necessity of stating the paeticulae findings nepaeatety in regaed to the chaeges tmade. " IWe giee the chaeges made as 'peesented, the evidence as reeceived, aad ouesen opinionuon theehole, leaing the flout deteenminatioa and judgmsent to the colas consideeation of youe honorahle hody, and the eredict of an eqlighteoed poubtic opinion. " On enteeing upon the investigation, see deteemiaed that no hias of paety feeling should induce tts to shield the reespon. dent if, feom evidence, his5 coeruption oe. ceiinality shoold cleaely appeae. On the othee hand, realizing the confosion, dis- oeder, and the manifold dangees that most necesareily follose an aheuptifonly paetial disoeganization of the goeenment,we could not feetthatoureduty as citizens seouldseaeeatous in recommending impeaehment foe any light reasons, oe a necessity appeared feom the evidence ofcvitndicating the chaeactee of ooe sehole people and the cause of justtce. "As stated hefoe, see haee fatty examined the ecidence; haee calmly consideed it in the light of soerounadiog ciecum- stances; and hae heaed the explanations of Goeeaor Reed; and sehile see find instances ofeconductaon the paet of the Goveenoe that in oue opinion are to some eatent iaformal, ireegular, and indiscreet, paeticulaely in hi s connection seith financial mattees, seealso fiod alach of co-opeatioo and accod existing hetseeen the Gaveenae and -a poetion of his Cahiaet, sehich indeed appeaes in theie eespectiee official repoets, that goes foe to palliate oe peehaps eocuse the ieeegalaeitiet refeeeed to. " With eefereence toa poetion of the chages pefeed,se find these in no seise substantiated hy the ecidence offered; and in regard to othees, sehere seeming irregulaeity appears, and tseelve thousand flee hundeed dollaen foe catting the extra nession of the Legislature an Jane, 186i9. "4th. It seas alleged that Gocernoe Reed hod eeceiveda halance duethe Stateuof some sixt thottsand foot hundeed and ninety-eight dollars, opon the sale of honds helanging to the State, in cash, and had accounted theeefor in sceip. "5th. Itseas alleged that Goveenar Reed had purchased a laege quantity of arms for the use of the State, chaeging the State therefoe a laeger sum than he actually paid foe these. "f6th. Itseasecharged that Gaveenor Reed had peocueed the printing atr engraving of certain hondt foe the State, and chargedtore foe the same thanohe actally paid foe the seorh. "A largeaeount of evidence, both oral and written, seas tahen inereference to such of the different chaeges made, and fnll and mature consideration seas given to the same. The testi- mony in fall, as the sante seas tahen hyous, it hereseith gicen, and made a part of this eeport, and in cieseof the conclusion ultimately reached, there seeses to he no necessity af stating the particular findings sepaeately in eegaed to the charges tmade. " We giee the charges made as 'presented, the ecidence as eceived, and ourosenopinion upon thesehole, leaving the final determination and judgment to the calm consideration of your honoeahle hody, and the erdict of on eqlighteord public opinion. I"IOn enteeing upon the investigation, see deteermined that no blat of party feeling should induce uts to shield the eespon- dent if, from evidence, hisu coruption oe. criminality should clerely appere. On the othee hand, realizing she confasion, dis- order, and the manifold dangees that mast necessarily follose an aheupt, if only partial disoeganization of the goerameat, se could not feel thataoerduty as citizens seouldsearraat sin recommending impeachment foe any light reasons, oe a necessity appeared from the evidence of vitndicating the charactee of our sehole people and she cause of justice. "At tated hefoee, see haee folly examined the eciderce; have calmly consideeed it in the light of sureouadieg ciecum- stances; and have heard the explanations of Governor Reed; and sehile see find instances of conduct on the paetof the Goveenoe that in oor opinion ace to same etxtent infoemal, irregulae, and indiscreet, paeticulaely in hi s connection seith financial matters, seealso find alach of co-opiatios and accod exinting hetseeen the Governor and- a portion of his Cahinet, sehich indeed appeues in theirerespectiee official reports, that goes foe to palliate oe perhaps eocuse the ireegularities refeered to. " IWith refeence tooa portin of the chaeges prefeeeed, se find them in no seise sohstatiated hy the eeidence offeeed; and in regard to ushers, sehere seeming irregularity appears, and tweelve thoasand flee hundeed dollars foe calling the extra session of the Leginlature in Jane, 186i9. "14th. It seas alleged that Governor Reed had received a halancedue the State of same sia thottsand four hundred and ninety-eight dollaen, upon the sole af hoods helonging to the State, in cash, and had accounted therefoe in scrip. 115th. It seas alleged thut Goerr Reed had purchased a toege quantity of aems foe the use of the State, chaeging the State therefor a larger tom than hr actually paid foe them. "f6th. Itswas charged that Goernor Reed hod peacuted the printing oe engeaving of ceetain hoods far the Stateand charged more for the same than hr actually paid for the teach. "A large amunt ofreidence, hoth oeal and serittenseas tahen in reference to such of the different charges made, and full and mature cossideration waus gicen to the same. The testi- mony in fall, as thie sme seas taken hy us, it herewith giren, and made a part of this report, and in vieof the cunctation ultimately reached, thre terms to he no necestity of stating the particulae findins separately in rerd to the charges moade. " IWe give the charges mude as prsented, the evidence us receieed, andoauseownopinion uponathewhl, laig the final determination and judgmrnt so the calm consideration of your honorahle hody, and the veedict of an ellfihtrned puhlic opinion. " IOn entering upon the ineestigatiin, see determined that no hias of party feeling should induce uts so shield the respon- dent if, from evidence, his corruption or. criminality shuld clearly appear. On the other hasd, realizing the coafusion, dis- order, and the manifold dangers that mast necessarily follose an ahrupt, if only partial disorganization of the governmoent, se could no feelthat ourdty as citizens seouldseaerant us in recommending impeachment foe any light reasons, or a necessity appeared from the evidence of vinsdicating the charactrof oar sehole people and the aone of justice. "As stated hefore, see hoe folly examined the ecidence; have calmly consideed it in the light of surroundinig ctrcum- stances; and have heard the explanations of Governor Reed; and sehile see find instances of conduct on the part of the Governor that in our opinin are to some extent informal, ireegular, and indisree, paeticuarly in hi s connecti~on seith financial matters, see also find a loch of ca-opheation and accord existing hetween the Goveenoe and - a portion of his Cahinet, sehich indeed appears in their respectie official reports, that goes far to palliate or perhaps encase the irregularities refeeeed to. " With reference to a portion of the charges prefered, se find them in no seise suhstantiated hy the evidence offered; and in regard to othern, sehere seeming irregularity appears, and  while entertaining grave doubts of the proprety of certain aets, we find that when taken in connection with the attending and difficult circumntancen, thre is ahsnlotely no evidence nf any ceimninal intention whatever on the pant of Goveanor Reed. " Before annoncingourefinal conclosin, me desireetoput fareaway any dispositionto appeal in anty degree to passion, peejudie, en petty feeling, and if any sach feeling unwittingly appears in our eeport, we desiee most distinctly and solemnly so disclaim and disavow it. I IAnd on the other hand, whenmwe look foemaed to the prohaleeresultssthatmayeeasonahly, indeed aim ost ertainly, he expectedto follom in the present unsettled and escited state of the puhlic mind uon any hasty and inconsiderate action at the peesens time, and hefore the final judgment of pane honor- ahle hndy, uon the results of this investigation as herein emhndied, we ask foe calm and cansideeate reflection in the name andlfoethe sake of peace, erder and ohedience ta law, appeal- ing tn that pateiotic love ef our common country, that oniveesal desiee to pronmote the genetal good, that conscientious regard foe the preceptssof justice and trnth, which areethe highestcvirtues in any legislative hody, to sustain whatever action conscience and equity may demand. IBefoee stating cue conclusions, we feel hoond in daly to call attention to the many difficolties and emhaeeassments, paetic- olaely of afinancial desceiption, with which, in the administra- lion of anewly oganied govenment, Goveenor Reed has found himself continoally soeeounded. Withoot sympathy, with scanty eesoerces, -without the suppoet feom a poetion of his Cahinet, as it appeaes feom the testimony and feom official documents, called to filla mltitude of offices bheappointmentsofcompaaive steangees, he mast have keen seeiously embaeassed and ham- pered eon eyhand. "Aftee deliheeate considieation of the chaeges, the evi- dence, the soeeounding and difficolt ciecumstances, and in ciew of the eesolts that may he expected to follow the action taken, we donot find the chages peferedtohbe sofarsstainedhby the evidence gicen as to warrant us in recommending an impeachment, and accordingly offer as indicating the results of one investigation, the accompanying preamble and eesolustion. "WM. B. WHITE." WoEEnAs, Byeresolutinn of this House, geace chaeges of incompetency, malfeasance and ceiminality weee formally pee- fereed against Hareisn Reed, Goveenoe of Florida,a ommittee nf this House was duly conmissioned to make investigation, and eepot ineregaedto the evidence uon which sack charges wee made;l and, CARETBAG RUL IN FLOIDA. 123 while entertaining geave douhts of the peopeiety of certain acts, we find that when taken ineconneclion with the attending and difficult ciecumstances, theee is ahsolutely no evidence of any ceiminal intention whatevee on the paet of Governoe Reed. " Before anouoncing ourfinaloconclusion, we desietopt far away any disposition to appeal in any degree so passion, peejudice, oe paety feeling, and if any soch feeling unwittingly appeaes in one report, me desiee most distinctly and solemnly tn disclaim and disavowe it. IIAnd on the othee hand, when we look forward to the probable results that may reasonahly, indeed almost ceetainly, he expected to follow in the present unsettled and eocited state ofthe pulic mind uponoany hastyand inconsiderate action at the peesent time, and hefoee the final judgment of your honae- ahle hody, upon the results of this investigation as heeein emhodied, we ash foe calm andoconsiderate reflection in the nanse and foe the sake of peace, ordee aod ohedience to law, appeal. ing to that patriotic loce of onr common countey, that univeesal desie to promotesthe geneeal good, thut consci~entious eega-d foe the ptecepts of jsice and teuth, which arenthe highestotettues in any legislative hody, so sustain whatevee action conscience and equity may demand. "IBefore stating ure conclusions, we feel bound in duty no call attention to the many difficulties and emhaeeassments, poetic. ularly of a financial desceiption, with which, in the administra- tion of anewlyoganied goernmnt,Goerore Reed has faund himself continually sueeoundcd. Without sympathy, wish scanty eesources, -without the support from a poetion of his Cabtnet, as it appears feom the testimony and from official douments, called so fill a multitude of offices hy the appointment of compaeative stranges, he mustthaveeenseiusly emharrassed andkam- peed on eveyhand. "IAhter deliheeate consideeation of the chaeges, she evi- dence, the surrounding and difficult cicumstances,uand in view of the results thut may he expected to follow the action taken, we do not find the changes peefeteed tohbeso farsustainedhby !he evidence gtven as to warrant uts in recommending an impeachment, and accordingly offer us indicating the rents of out investigation, the acctmpanying preamble and eesoution. "1WM. B. WHITE." WosEsEs, Byeresolution of thin House, geave chares of incompetency, malfeasance and ceinminality wee foemally pee- ferreduagainst Harrison Reed, Goernor of Florida, acomtmittee of this House was daly commissioned tn make investigation, and report ineregard tothe evidence upon which suck ehaegesmwere made; and, CARPTBA RUL INFLORDA. 123 while enteetaining geave doubts of the peopriety of ceesain acts, we find that when taken in connection with she attending and difficult circumstances, there is ahsolutely no evidence of any criminal intention whatevee on the pant of Governoe Reed. "1Before anouoncingourefioal conclosian, we desirentoput far away any disposition to appeal in any degee to passion, prejudice, oe panty feeling, and if any sack feeling anwittingly appears in ourneepoet, we desireemost distinctly and solemnly to disclaim and disavow it. " And an the other hand, when we look foeward to the probahle results that may easonably, indeed almost certainly, he expected so follow in the present unsettled and excited state of the puhlic, mind upon uny hasty and incunsiderate action as the present time, and befoee the final judgment of yure honor- akln body, upon the results of this investigation as heein embodied, we ask foe calm and consideeate reflection in the namse and forethesake of peace, under and obedience to law, appeal- ing so that pateiotic love of oue commoun country, that universal desire to promute the geeral good, that conscientious regard fon the prencepts of justice and tenth, which ate the highest virtues in any legislative body, to sustain whatever action conscience and equity may demand. " Before stating oar conclusions, we feel hound in duty to call attention to the many difficulties and emharrassments, partic. nlaety uf a financial desription, with which, in the administea- tion ofuanewly oganied govenme, Goeror Reed hasfound himself cotinually saurunded. Without sympathy, with scanty resources,.withont the suppoet feom a puesion of his Cabine, as it appears from the testimony and from official documntrts, called ts fill a multitude of offices hy the appointment of compaeative stranges, hemust haveheen seiously embarrassed and ham- peeed on every hand. "After deliherate consideration of the changes, the evi- dence, the sueroundinguond difficult circumstances, and inome of tke results that may he expected so follow the action taken, we do rot find the charges peeferred lukbe so farcsustainedhby the evidence given as to warrant us in recommending an impeachment, and accoedingly offer as indicatisg the eesults of our investigation, the accompanying preamble and esolutlion. "WM. B. WHITE." WHEnoAs, Byeresolution of this House, grave changes of incompetency, maolfeasance and criminality were foemally pee- ferred aganst Hareison Reed, Goceenor of Florida,a comminttee of this Huse was duly commsissiuned to make investigation, and report inregardtthe eidence upon which such chargesmwere made; and,  124 CARPETBAGeRULE N FLORIDA. WHEcASo, Aftee loll exatination of the evidence adduced ancd doe coooide-ation givcen to the eoplanations of Governor Reed, taid commnttee have reported that white theee wasc eai- deoce'f ioegolar ood inditceeot actioo oo the poet of Govoettor Reed, which tay beconideredepehensibleoandootdesering of appeocat, yet that, takiog ino cootidoration tho ciecumtttttcee unoder-awhichouch action ocurred, aodtheomay difficolties eocotunteed, no proof isfouod of aoy corouptorecimoioaliottt- tionaoncthepaetofGoetoe Reodtotooarraotstotpooohntent; therefore, he it Reaoled, That io oieo- of the charges mode, tho eoidoooe preeoted and the eplanatiooscoffered, aodiooocideatioa of atteodiog ciocootaeso, 00 cofficient eoidooco appears to woarranttheoimpeachmeontof HarrisonoReed, Gov-deoeof Floida. Aftee tho readieg of tho ropoott of the moajoity aod toinority of the cooonittoe taad heeo coocloded tho Asceomhly teoloed itself ino cotmmtittoo of the whote on the suhjeot. Aftee sone timtespent the commoittee tose and reported the twnorepotacok to the Hoace and recoettmended the adoption of the majority eepoet. Before thit recommnendation wasc acted upon it wasc oedered hy the Hence that the wohote testimtony should he read. A motion coat nmade to adopt the meajority repoet, wohich oas rejected bya vote of 29 to at. John R. Scan, notated, of Duoal Conty, mooed the adoption of the minority eepoet, whioh teat adopted ky a tote Of at7 to aa2. It mill be teen that all the colored members, with the eception of Cot, of Leoneoted agaiestimpeachment. Hoe.JohneR. Scott aodtHS.Hamon, of Atachua, while dehating upan the evidence, thawed that the ring trying to impeach Haceicon Reed would dame any State goveenment if it onee got thooghly fied ie power. You might tee during the toll-call the nmemhers of tce ring watching the colored memherstwhomt they had tooth paid and promised moneyetooteeforeimpeachmet, frowniggoodtremhhing asthe colored becthee, who had cpen the money, now forgetting the promie casthiscoote toeoerate Reed. Theee it ae interecting ancid ent connec ted with thece repots wchich may properly appeac hete. Captain Green, after the inoestigaionactosed, called at the ececutice office end informed the Goenrn that they had ageeed to repoet in hit favoe, and at the name time ached the appointment of Mohtp, of Tampa an 124 CARPETBAG RULE Nt LORIDA. WERAS, Aftee loll ecamination of the evidence addoced and doe contideration given to the explanations of Gooeeencr Reed, cold committee hate repoeted that whitle thereceac evi- dencet'f ieeglae aod iodicreet action an the poet of Gooeeor Reed,cchichncayhbeconcideederepeheosihleaodonot deeing of appeooal, yet chat, takicg into coosideeation the ciecumstancec under whichtsuchoaction occueed, andcthenmany difficulhies encoonered, noapeoofic found of any coeeporycrciminal inteo- tion ootheypaetofGoeore Reedthat waeeaots impeachmeot; therefore, he it Resolved, That in view of the chaeges mode, the ecidence preesentedoandthe eplanaioos offeed, and iococsideeationaof atteoding ciecomstancec, 00 sufficient ecideoce appears to warrantethe impeachmectcof Haeeicoo Reed, Goovernor of Florida. Aftee the eeading of the repoets of the majoeity aod minoeity of the committee had he en cocladed the Accembhly resoloed itself ino committee of the whole on the coubject. Alter come time spent the committee eose and eepoeted theatwoerepoetc hack to the Hoose aod recommeoded the adoption of the majority repoet. Befoee chic eecommendation wac acted apon it coat nedered hy thefHocse thatethe whole testimonycshouldhbeead. Atnotion wac made to adept the mcajoeity eepoet, which mat eejectedyaovotenOfa29toa21. John R. Scant, coloeed, of Duval County, mooed the adoption of the minoeity repoet, which was adopted by aote Of at7 to at2. It will he teen that alt the cotoeed members, with the exception of Coo, of Leonooted against impeachment. Han. John R. Scoteand H. .Harmon, of Alachua, while dehating upon the evidence, thawed that the ring trying to impeach tHareison Reed would damnanybctate goernmettif it once got thoroughly lined in powcer. You might tee doting the eoll-catl the memersee of the eing watching the coloeed memherstwhem they had hoth paid and promised money tnonvteforimpeachment, fowning and tremhhing asthe notated henthec, who had spent the money, now forgetting the promiecastehisconteto exnerate Reed. Thcere in an interesting incidet connected with thesetrepoets which may peopeely appeat heat. Captain Geen, afee the investigation cloned, catted at eke executive office and informed the Goovenoc that they had ageed to report in hit favor, and at the tame time ached eke appointment of Mohip, of Tampa an 104 CARPETBAaoRU E NtORD. WHEococ, Ahtee loll examination of the evidence adduced and doe consideration gioen toethe explanatins of Goerenoe Reed, said comnmittee hoot epotted that while thee mat evi- dencen'f irreglae and indiceet action an the poet of Coovernor Reed, which mayhbeconcidered reprehencibole and not decerving of approaa, yet that, taking into consideation the circumstances under which each action occurred,adthectay difficlies encounteed,noapeooafic foundnof anycrrptaorciminl inte- tin on the pact of Governor Reed thaotccaerants impeachment; thecefoe, he it Reaa/ved, That in view of the chargec wade, the ecidence pescented and the explanations affated, and in concidertoin of attendinfcicmtance, no sufficient evidence appnecr to warranteche impeachment of Harricon Reed, Gacdetae of loida. After the reading of the reports of the wajority and minoeity nf che committee had he en cocladed the Assemhly recolved itcelf into committee of the n-hole on the csubject. Aftee tome time spent the committee tact and reported the twotreports hack to the Houce and recommended the adaption of the majority repoet. elace thin cecommendation man acted upon it wan nrdered hy the Houce that the whote cectimony should he read. Anmotin man made to adopt the majority report, which was rejected hy aote Of a9 to at. John R.Scot,colored, of Ducal County, mooed the adoptin of the minority repoet, which man adopted hyaotenlf27taaa2. It willhbeseen that all the enlaced memhers, with the eception of Can, of Lenon oed againsteimpeachment. Hen. JohneR. Scott and H. S. Haemon, of Alachua, while dehating upon the evidence, thawed that the ringetrying to impeach Harrison Reed would damnanybtate goveernment ifit once got thoroughly fixed inpwe. Yea might tee during eke call-call the memers of the ring watching the cooeed memberscwhom they had hock paid and promised money tonoenforimpeachment, frowning andctrembling asthe enlaced heothee, who had spent the mconey, now foegetting the protnisecast hiscotceto exonerate Reed. Thcre it at interesting incident connected with thesecrepots which may property appear knere. Captain Green, alter the inoceigation elated, called at the executice office and infotmed the Governoe that they had agreed to ceporc in hit bato, and at the tame time asked the appointment of Mokly, of Tampa at  CARPETBAG RULE IN FLORIDA. 125 judge in place of Magbee, weho, he said, woucld resign if the Gor- eenor requtired. judge Hart had been advisedtcith i pepae- ing the repoet foe the chairant, Green, andhehad alsoadised the Gaverntor that it wcaald sastain hima. Ga the evening hefae the repart weas ta he mtade D. Richaedt called apaa the Gee- eetnoeand told hitm that aalett flee thouand datlaes woat paid before8ao'clock thenext moring theepotrtolde against hitt. The Gaveeraor replied that Rathing would he paid hp hint, tnd he woaald ahide the canteqaences. Again, iR the mnng, the Goceenae w~as advited that GreeR and Sitmpton mstt have lice thoasand dollaetaorthepseoatd tign the rert agalosthias. Befoeroll-call iR the Astembhly, at to o'cloch, Creeo and Simpsan had heea shaten a U. S. check fae $li,aoo payahte ta the U. S. marshal, which they weee assared teauld he theies if thep sigaed the eepaet against the Goveenae. Simptan after- wards pahliclp achnawledged that he weat pledged $a,aao af the avails af the deaft. Thep soaght to supprestt entirelp the repart prepared for the acquittal, hut White teat proof against their hlandishmentn and alose presented the repoet through the clerk, Bpnuma. Soncrtainteee the eonspiratoet Rate at fall success that the clesh refuted toeread the eeport peesented hy White, and he was compeled tosread it himself. The mast of the Democratic memheescvoted for impeach- ment, hat whethee ingluenced hy the testimony oe feom a party standpoint, t shall not attemtep to say. [See Assembhly joueral, slits.] Oshoen aad his eing foltowers, note feasteated hy the action of the Assembhiy sustaining Reed, immsediatetp sued foe treaty of peace. A general caucus of all the leading Repuhti- cansteas again called tomeet in the Sienate chambhee the same night after Rred had heen eoonrated, and the Reed and anti- Reed men were present. The anti-Reed menteerethe fiest to speak, who made haste to achnowledge their weong and heg pardon of the Governor and of their party for attermpting to over- throw the Repuhlican administration. Green, of Manatee, who offered the resolution of investigation, arose and pledged the Governor his futre spport, andwottnd oip hy saying that he felt like the littlr hay who got hesmeared twenty milrs from water. Thr famoas Littlefield was on hand and made anspeech congratulatory of the Governor. He said hr frlt like the old CARPETBAG RULE IN FLORIDA. 125 judge in place of Itaghee, wha, hr said, would resign if the Gnv- ernorerequtired. ju~dge Haet had hees advised with iaprepar- ing the reportforethe chaieman, Grees, and he hadalso adsed the Govrenoe that it woaald sttstain him. Ga the evesisg hefore the repuet teas to he made D. Richards called apon the Goc- rnoetand told him that unless five thoasand dollars was paid heforee8io'clockctheanext moesiag theereport wouldheagainst hitt. The Gaversar replied that nothing would hr paid hy him, and hr would ahide the consequesces. Again, in the morning, the Goversor woo advised that Gresn and Simpson mast have lice thusand dollaes or they would sign the report agaissthim. Beforeerollcall inthe Assemhly, atttaoo'cloch, Ceen and Simpson had heeR shown a U. S. check for $li,nao payahle to the U. S. marshal, which they weee assured would he theirs if thry sigsed the repoet against the Guvernor. Simpson after- wards puhlicly achowledged that he was pledged $t,ooo of the availsof the draft. They sughttoasuppress entirelysthe report prepared for the acquittal, hut White teat proof against their hlandishments and alone presented the report thrugh the clrk, Bynum. Sn certain were the conspirators now of fall success that the clerk refused to read the report peesented hy White, and he was compelledto read ithimself. The most of the Demeocratic membhers voted for impeach. went, huttehether influenced hy the testimonyor from aparty standpoint, I shalt nt attempt to say. [lire Assemhly journal, 1870.1 Oshorn and his ring followers, note frustrated hy the actionof the Assembly sustaining Reed, immediately sued for a treaty of peace. A genrat canons of all the leading Republi. cans was again called to meet in the Senate chambher she same night after Reed had heen exonerated, and she Reed and anti- Reed men were presentL The anti-Reed men were the first tn speak, who made haste to acknowledge their wrong and heg pardon of the Governor and of their party for attempting to over- throw the Repuhlican administration. Green, of Mtanatee, who offered the resolution of investigation, arose and pledged the Governor his fnture snpport, and wound up hy saying that he felt like the little hay who got hesmeared twenty miles from water. The famous Littletield was on hand and made a speech congratulatory of the Governor, Hr said he felt like the old CREBGRLINFLORtIDA. 1a5 judge in place of Isaghee, who, he said, would resign if the Gay- ernaeerequired. judge Haet had heen advised with iaprepar- ing the report forthchairman, Geen, and he hadualso advised the Governor that it would sustain him. Ga the evening hefore the repoet teas to he wade D. Richaeds called upon the Gav- rnor and told him that unless lice thouand dollaes was paid heforee8o'cloch the neat morning the eepoet wuld he against hie. The Goveenor replied that nothisg would he paid hy him, and he would ahide the consequences. Again, in the morning, the Gornoe was advised that Green and hSimpson most have live thousand dollars oethey would sign the report againsshim. Befoee roll-call in the Assemhly, alsio o'clock, Cee and Simpson had heen shown a U. S. check for $li,ono payahle to the U. S. marshal, which they wre assured would hr theirs if they signed the report aganst the Gvcrnor. Simpson after- wards puhlicly acknowledged that he was pledged $a,ocoo of the avails of the draft. They sought to suppress entirely the report prepared foe the acquittal, hat White was proof against their hlandishments and alone presested the report through the clerk, Bynum. Sn certain were the conspirators now of fall success thatsthe clerk refused to read the report presented by White, and he was compelled toead ithimself. The most of the Demtocratic memhers voted foe impeach. west, hut whether influenced hy the testimony or from a paety standpoint, I shall not attempt to say. [lire Assembhly journal, 1870.] Oshorn and his ring followers, note frustrated hy the action of the Assembhly sustaining Reed, immediately sued for a treaty of peace. A general caucus of all the trading Repuhli- cant teat again called to meet in the lienate chambher the same night after Reed had horn exonerated, and the Reed and anti- Reed men were present. The anti-Reed men wereethe first to speak, who made haste to acknowledge their wrong and keg pardon of the Governor and of their party for attempting tu uver- throw the Republican administration. Green, of Manatee, who offered Ike resolution of investigation, arose and pledged the Governor his future support, and wound up hy saying that he felt like the little hay who got hesmeared twenty miles from water. The famous Littlefeld waonhband and made a speech congratulatory of the Governor. He said he felt like the old  t126 CARPETBAG RULE 10 FLORIDA. womaER who santg "1Hey, dladdy's diddle, the cat's its the fiddle, and hee tail flew oat." Aeresolotioo was passed un~aniously hy the cacos to supportethe administeation f Goveetnor Reed, aftee mhich they adjooeoed. All this time the admioisteatioo was in a terrihle tmtddle, andono ooe could coojectoreewhatthesendwooldhbe. Ahthoogh thering leaders of impeachmetthad preteoded togmttnd themr aems, it was appareot that they teree still in deadly hostility. The Goerore andhis Cabinet couldotco-operate,and a committee appoioted hy the Assemhly to invsotigate the acts aod doings of the seceral Cahinet officers teporsed the followiog: "IWe hav'ehbeeo paiofally cosvioced of the waot of that agreeent aod coosperatioo hetween she Goceenot aod the Cahioet, which shoold prevsail. Indeed, it appcars from the esi- deoce that she waot of harmooy has at times peoceoded to the extentsof actual oppostio; andoficial colleagues atthisime areeoot oospeahing terms with the Goero. Such acoodition of thiogs oofht Dot to FontineO; is impedes she traosactioo of pohlic hositest,; it sends to iojure she State ceedit; itssn the efficiency of the gov'eromet aodlowers it onthe coofideoce of oer cititeos, ood of the people withoot the State; antd io foull coosideratiotn of all the facms that appear, and of the impoetance of secoeing thoerogh co-operation betweet he State officers, aod in doe deference so she actioo of the Hoorahle Assemhly, she committee Sond is to he theie doty to cooclode their report with the followiog soggesti on: " Without imputiog special hlamte to any one, or entirely escusingany one, theocommittee desireetosoggest toallthe mem- hees of the Cahinet, the immediate resignation of the whole Cahioet and gicing Goeror Reed ao opportuoity, hy aod with the advice of thehSenate, toselectsa Cahioetwho coold co opee- with him." A miorityereporteequested Goeror Reed so resign. Both reports mete laid o the tahle. to the sommee of 1870o the Repuhlicans of the State met intcooenotiooat Gaioessille, tomihe nominations for Coogress- man and Lieuteant-Goeror. The Oshoro riog strov'e hoed to ee-oomtoate Charles Hamiltots, of Jachsoo coooty nototiety, foe Coogeess, hot colored meo who were delegates to the cooven- lion had made op themr miods to have some representationonO the State tichet, which resolted in the nomination of Josiah T. ta26 CARPETBA RULE INLORIDA. womao who sattg " Hey, daddy's diddle, the cafo io the fiddle, and hee tail Slew out." Aesoolutioo was patted ooanimoosly hy the coocos to soppoes the admioismratioo of Gov'eror Reed, aftee which they odjooroed. All this limo the admioistratioo was in a terrihle moddle, aodo ooocooldcojectre what the eodwooldhbe. Although theriog leadersaof impeachmeot had peeteodedtogeroond their aems, it was appaeot that they were still io deadly hostility. The Goeror and his Cabinet couldotco-operate,and a commistee appoioted hy the Assemhly to iosestigate the aots aod doiogs of the ses'eral Cahioet officees tepored the followiog: " IWehaeheeo paiofolly convinced of the want of that agreement aod co-operation hetweon the Goeror and the Cahioet, which shoold prevail. Iodeed, it appears feom the esi- deoce thot the want of harmony has at times proceeded to the exteot ofactoal oppositios ; and official colleafues atsthis time areeoospeahiog terms with the Goceror. Such a coodition of things oght Dot to continoue; is impedes the traosactioo of poblic hosioess; it teods to iojoe the Stote ceedit; it lesseos the efficiency of the goernomeot aod lowees it io the coofideoce of oor citizenos, aod of she people withoot she State; and io full coosideratioo of all the facts that appear, aod of the importance of secoriog thorough co-opeatioohbetweeo thefState officers,aod io doe defereoce to the actioo of the Hoorahle Assemhly, the committee fiod it tohbe theie doty to cooclode theie report with the following soggestion: I"IWithoot imputing special hlaome to any one, sor eotirely escusingany one, the committee desireeto soggest to allthe mem- hers of the Cohioet, the immediate resigoatioo of the whole Cahinet and giing Goernor Reed aooppotooity, hy aodwith the adv'ice of thefSeoate, to selecta Cahioet who coold co opee. with him." A miority reportereqoested Gov'ernor Reed to resign. Both repoess were laid on the tahle. In the sommee Of 1870 the Repuhlicoos of the State met inscooenotion at Gainesville, to maeomiatios forCogess- man aod Lieutenant-Governtor. The Oshoro Ping steove haed to ree-oomtnate Charles Hamilton, of Jachon c ountytnotoriety, foe Coogrest, hot coloted meo who were delegates to the conven- lion had made op theie miods to have some representation on the State tichet, which resolted in the nomination of Josiah T. 126i CARETBoAG RULE IN FLORIDA. woman who sang " Hey, -laddy'o diddle, the cot's io the fiddle, aod hee tail floew out" Aeresolotioo was passed ooanimoosly hy thecaocossto sppoes the odmioistratioo ofGoeror Reed, aftee which they adjooroed. All this time the administratioo was in a terrihle moddle, andoone could cojectuewhat the endwouldhe. Although thering leadoersofimpeachmenthbad preemnded to ground their aermt, it was appaenot that they were still in deadly hostility. The Goeror and his Cabinetcouldonoto-operate,and a committee appoioted hy the Assemhly to incestigate the acts and doiogs of the seceral Cahioet officers repored the following : IIWe hasehbeeo paiofolly cootinced of the waot of that agreemeot and co-operationhetweeo the Goveror aod the Cahinet, which should pesail. Iodeed, it appears feom the evi- deoce that the wool of haemooy hot at times peoceeded to the exteot of actual opposition; aod officiol colleagoes at this time 00 oto speoakiog teems with the Goceror. Such a condition of thiogs ooght Eat to continue; it impedes the transactioo of pohlic husioeso; it teodt to onjote the State ceedis; itlesn the efficieocy ofthe governmeot andlowers it in the cofideoce of our citizens, aod of the people without the State; aod is fall coosideeatioo of aSl the facts thos oppear, aod of the impoetaoce of securing thoroogh co-opeeatioo hetweeo the State officers, aod in doe deference to the actioo of the Hooreahle Assemhly, the committee Sond it lo be their doty yto conc lode their report with the followiog soggestion: "1Witboat imposing special blaose to aoy one, or eotirely exoosing any one, the committee desieto suggest to allsthe mew- bees of the Cahinet, the immediate resignatioo of the whole Cahinet andgicingfGoernor Reed aoopportooity, hy and with the advice of theenat, to select aCabioet who coold co opee- with him." A minorityoreporteeqoested Governsor Reed to resign. Both reports weee laid oo the table. In the sommee Of 1870 the Repoblicoos of the State met in convenion at Gaioesville, to mahe nominations foe Coogress- man and Lieutenant-Goernor. The Oshoen ring steove hoed to ce-nominate Charles Hamilton, of Jacks on coonty notoriety, foe Congets, hot colored men who mete delegates to the conven- tionhbad madeouptheirminds to have tome representation on the State tichet, which resolsed in the nomination of Josiah T.  CARTB'AGoRULE INaLORIDA. 127 Walls, of Alachua county, foe Congess. So ooch note they elated its the nonation of Walls that they sepe uon theie sac- cess, aed allowed the riegeto nomsinate one of their numbher, Samunel T. Day, of Columhia county, foe Lieutenant-Governor. Theering nowoegaeized to elect Day aed defeat Walls. They solhedinetheir tents and refosed to woeh foe Walls' election. The Demnoceats nonminated in that peat Han. S. L. Nihiack, of Colenehiaonty, foe Congress, and Hon. William D. Blonhane, of Leon county, foe Lieuteeeant-Goerenoe. The eieg teas now for the fleet time confronted with a pohitical giant, woo mat destined en oceetheom the carpeehag dyeasty of Floeida. At thtispeeiod noDemocrattwasnxiousetoaeeceive the nomination foe anything, and all of them lashed uon Bloshames cansass an a helpless one. With no money with mhich to make a connate excepe that drawn froam hit omn pocket; no State committee to organizeethe Democratic and consercative mattes; mithe caepet- hag pstmastees anderoute agentsto itecept hiscommnicatins tothe difeeent counties, thin man cisited etery conty in the Stateoand neaetyevery town, hamlet and ceoss-eoado, and with the cey of carpethag coeeuption and the teign of teeror that thadhbeen inaogurated inJachsncountyhbyPueman and Hamil- ton, mhich he to elaquently and teathfully depicted, he shamed almost sapeehuman ahdlity and succesinreeuniting andoaroning the whites and the conservatice elements in the State in solid phalans against the planer ring. The Democeatic potty in Floeida, which hadhbecome disheattened and disorganizedfront repeated defeate, then hegan to them signs of nigoeoas life. Me. Blanhameenrcord, shoetly aftet the emancipation aeoan en-niaee holder, in estahlishing the Senst enlaced school en hit own planta- tion; tahing the money feom hit on pochet to haitd the hence, and paying the majat poetin of the money foe a teachee, made him en veep populat wtith thefreedmen that the caepethag leadeen, with all their league oaths and fatse representations ofere-enelane- meet of the freedmen, mete utteety haffled in the attempt tn dioertatlarge portionnefthem feom him. In fect, the Demo- ctatic patty of Floida had nocohesivtenets until Slenhaneeame its candidate in 1f7a, and it met Blanham wtho tallied the masnet against Steaens in 1f76. Me. Blanham man not a nmemher of the Constitutional Convntion of 1865, not did he lahoe undet CARPETBAGonRULEcINcFLORIDA, ta7 Walls, of Alachua coonty, foe Congess. Sn mach mete they etated in the nomination of Walls that they slept uon thoir sac- coe, and allowted the ringlto nominate one ofetheir numher, Samuel T. Day, of Columhia county, foe Lioeenont-Gonerno. Theering nom organized toelet Daysand defeat Walls. They sulhed intheiretents andorefusedtoawoehforeWall' election. The Democeats nominated in that peat Han. S. L. Nihlock, of Columhia county, fee Cangets, and Hon. William D. Blanhom, of Lean conty, foe Lieutenant-Goveenor. The ting masn ow foe the Secst time confronted mith a political giant, weho man destined to onerthowm the carpethag dynasty of Florida. At thistpeiod noDemcratmwanxiousto renceice the nomination toe anything, and all of them lashed uon Blanhames cannons at a helpless one. With no money with mhich to mahe a connate except that deamn feom his own packet; no State committee en organizeethe Democraticandcnerctive masses; wih carpet- hag postmastees and eoute agents toaintercept hisconmmnnications tonthe different counties, this man cishted ecety coaney in the State and nearlyevery tomn, hamlet and croon-toads, and mith the cey of caepeehag coeeuption and the teign of teteoe that had heen inagueated in Jachson contey hy Pueman and Hamil- ton, mhich he o eleoquetely and tenthfully depicted, he shamed almstesuperhumnabihlity and successnineuniting andoerousing the mhites and she conseenative elements in the State in tolld phalans against the plundee eing. The Democratic paety in Floeida, which had hecome desheateened and disoeganized from tepeated defeats, then hegan to them signs of nigoos life. Me. Slanhamserecord, shoetly aftr the emancipation at an en-donve- holder, in estahlishing the fleet coloeed school en his on planta- tion tahing the money from his on pocket en haild the hoane, and paying the majoe poetion of the money foe a teachee, mode him so nerp popuar mith the freedmen that the caepethag leadees, mith all theie league oths and fanlse representatinsc of ee-ennlane- meet of the freedmen, mete utteely haffled in the attempt to dinet alarge portionaofthem from him. In fect, the Demo- ceatic poesy of Floeida had no cohesineness until Blenham hecame its candidate in 187e, and it man Blanham wnho eallied the mtseet against Steanine1876. Me. Blonhoen man net a menmher of the Constitational Contention of er865, net did he lahor ondet CARPETBAG RULE tN FLORtDA. 1a7 Walls, of Alachua canty, foe Congete. So mach wote they elated in the nomination of Walls that they slept uon their sac- cess, andoallomedethe ring en nominate one of theit numhee, Samuel T. Day, of Columhia noanty, foe Lieutenant-Goveenor. Theeringnowmoeganized tattoost Daysand defeat Walls. They sulked in theie tents and refused to woth foe Walls' election. The Democeate nominated in that yeae Hon. S. L. Nihiach, of Columbianoanty, foe Congess, and Hon. William D. Slanham, of Loon county, foe Lieutenant-Governo. The ting was now foe the fert time canfronted mith a political giant, mien man destined to oneetheow the caepethag dynasty of Plorida. At thiseperiod noDemocratmas anxious to teceive the nomination foe anything, and all of them laohed uon Blashom's connate as a helpless one. With no money mith mhich to mahe a cannass except that deamn from hit sin pocket; no State committee to organize theoDemocratic and conertoative masset; mith carpet- hag postmasteet and taste agentstointercepthisconmmanicaions to the different countiet, this man nisited enery county in the State and neaelyeerytomn, hamlet and crons-toads, and mitk the cry of carethag corruption and the teign of teeesr that hadhbeen inaugueated in Jachson countyhyPueman and Hamil- tan, mhich he so elaqoeiotly and teothfully depicted, he sowed aimst supeerhuman ahility and succesin reuniting andoarouing the ehies and the conseevatice elements in the State in solid phalans against the planden ting. The Democratic patty in Flotida, which hod hecome dishesetened and disooganized from tepeated defeats, then hegan to sham tignc of nigores life. Me. Blonhameored, shoetly aftet the emancipation an on en-slant- holder, in estahlithing the Senst coloeed school an his on planta- elan; taking the money from hit on packet to build the house, and paying eke major poetion of the money fee a teachee, made him so veep populee with thefreedmen that the caepethag leadeet, mith all theit toagae oatht and false repesentations of re-enelane- mene of the freedmen, mete utteely haffled in the attempt to divert alarge portioneofthem from him. In fact, the Demo- ceatic patty of Plotida hadnnoeoesineness until Blenhamn hecame its candidate in 18ye, and it was Blnkamn mhoerallied the masces againstfSteanine1876. Me. Blenham was net a member of the Constitutional Connention of 1865p, eat did he laboe onder  128 CARPETBAG RULE IN FLORIDA. the hoaoy coud of haoieg heeo a temebet of the Legitlatore under the Andocew Johnsone coetrtoo, twhich had patted latot that eneahied the carpet-baggert, it addititon to tho toagae abligation, to to feighten the freoodtoen at to tally thotm it top- porttofthetotupincipled andorrupt men. Osboro, echo toot aexiots to ho returned to the Utited States Sente, determineod to leave to stone unturnedtoscr at matty memersoe of the State Senate at potsihle, preparatory to the eopirationeof hit terem. Duvatoounty, aswell asLeon, had heretofore oppoted fromo the begioting of recootruction Othore aed hit wchote goeg. A Senatte muset he had froo thit oounty at all haards, the willtof the majotity to the cotrary eotwtihtadig, andthit requestt of the chief westurgeet ted mandatory. Thetriegoessemhled in tecret conclave inJackson- title ted disoatted the peohahilities ted impeoabitities of scr ing a eoationie at the hoeds of the Repuhticae noemioating coneenteon, hy a ftee Re of teoney ted had tehithy; ted if that shoald fail, the teat ttep teat to tecuee John R. Scott, coloted, who teat oee of the leadieg lights amoeg the ceooed ten ef that coeaty, ted hace him to uederstaed that they teee it facet of hite, it oedee that if he ta ootmtinated fee the Senate they could teeeaiymahe acoehinatioe toith the Deteecetse to defeat hite ted elect ace aftee theie oecn hetet, Hoeatio Jenhine, Jr. Should they fail it this, at ehould the canvatt toth equally fee thete, thee fetod uon the hallot-hox teat to he ceomtitted atd Jenhiesecountcd it; ted ahould they fadl it this, Jenhins teat to contest the teat of Scott by teaking a combhination woith the Deteatst it the Senate, toechie g the eafety of eheit teinoeiey inethe Senate, and therebhyouetScottand teteneint. Ae to the tre ittention of the conspirtoet, Scott teat etateate. Let us tee if they towee succeesful it any of thete peopoeitiote. John R. Scatt, now atehitiote fee Senatetial heoter, teas woethed up to feverheat totecuee the price. The convettion mtat, ted it teat ateonce observed thatW. HS. Cheisty, echite Repahlican, teha did eat heloeg to the Otheen gatg, teat the cheice at the cotcettion. The atti-rieg delegates hetd a cao- Rate wehith teat atteeded hy Scett at ate of thete. Scott tlted ted advised teith the ethee detegatec, and assered thete that he teat teith theet toe the ceteicatioc of Christy. He hegged the 12S CARPETBAG RULIN FLORIDA. the heacy clood of hacing hceen a memer at the Legislature undee the Aedee Johnon ceconsteuction, wahich had patted laet that etahled thecartpee-baggete, it additien to the league ohiigation, to to feighteno the freedmee at to tally ehete ice tap- pot of the meet uepriecipled ted corrupt en Othote, ewho toot totiout to he retoened to the Utited Statee Sette, determioed to taeanttoe unturned eoceecore asemaey metestffehe Staeenaeasposihle, peeparacoty to thetexpirationcof hit teem. Doval county, asweliatLeo, had heretofore oppoted frote the beginoing of tecoentouctiot Othoet ted hit echoic gaeg. A Stnatot mustt he had feome thit cotntyoat alt haeardt, theteill of the teajetity to the contrary ntwithstaeding, ted thie requtest of the chief toat urgent ted tetedatoty. Theringasebehid ineccettconclaetinJcheo- title ted diecoeted the peoaailitiet ted itepeohahilitites of secut- ing a nomieation at the honds of the Repuhlican etomieatieg conenetiot, hy a freeus ott atoeney ted had tehishy; tod if that should fail, the net etep toot to secure John Rt. Sote, ctloted, echo teat oct of the leading lights ateong the caloted ten of that couney, ted hace himtoetndeetond that they ere it facot ef hite, it order that if he teat noteited foe the Sette they could teteasidyomahe acomhination wcith the Deteatt to defeat hitetnd elect ote aftee theit eten hetet, Heettie Jenkins, Jr. Sheald they tail ie this, ot ehoald the canvass Itoh equaily foe thete, thee frad apon the hallot-ho asett to he camteteed ted Jenhinscoutted it; ted ehoald they tail it thie, Jenhins teat to conttest the teat of Scale by mahing a cotehination weith the Deteocrats it the Sette, toochio g the satety of their minoeiey incehehSentte, aed theebhyouetScotteaed seteneiet. Ae to the tete inteention at the conepieatoet, Scott teat teatetee. Let us see if they weete succesesfat it aey of these peopteitione. John Rt. Scott, tote atehitiots fee Senatorial heooe, teas teoreduptoefceverheat toecore the peite. The conention teet, and it teat ateence ohserved that W.H. Cheity, tehite Repahican, teho did eat helong to the Otheen goeg, was the cheice ef the ceoention. The anti-eing delegates held a eat- eta, wchich teat attended hy Scott as ace at thete. Scott tlted ted adeised wtihthe ethee delegatec, ted aseteed ehete that he teas teith thete tee the neteitation ef Cheitty. He hegged the a28 CARETBoAoRUE INeaFLORIDA. the heacy cloud of hocieg heen a teere of the Legisltate tndee the Andee Johnoneeecoetcio, echich had patted toot that toahied the carpet-haggert, it additiot to the league ehligation, to to frightee the freedmen at ta tally them it top- portofethe maoouprincipied aedcorrupt met. IOthoco, echo tote aexious to heoetoreed to the Ueited State eneae,demermied toleaveeno oneturoeed et ecate at many teersee of the State Seete to possihle, prepartorty to the eopiraioe ofhie term. Doval couty, as elldaeLeo, had heretofoe oppoted from the hegienieg of rectoesteoction Othoto ted hit wehole gong. A Seetor mot he had from chit coontyac aSl haeteds, the wlliof the maoety to the contrary notwithtanding, ted chit request of the chief tote teget ted matndatoey. Theringtassemhled insecret coneclave inJachsoe- title ted diecuesed the peohohiitiies ted impeohahilites of secee- ieg a nomicatiot at the haede of the Repuhlicae eomcinatitg convention, hy a free tee of mey ted had ewhiesty; ted if that sheald fadl, the ext step teat to secure Johe R. Scam, colteed, echo taotee of the leading lighte among the cotated tee ef that etoenty, ted hate him ta undeestand that they wete it facar ef hite, it oedee that if he ta oteieenated fee the Sente they coeld cmeeeasily maacomhination ecith the Demeceats to defeat hite ted elect ace after eheir oece hetet, Hotatio Jenhins, Jr. Shotld they fail intchit, ot eheuld the canvass lath eqoalty fee thete, thee fraud uon the halit-hoea tot etbe catetitted ted Jenhinscoanted it; ted shoold they fail intIhie, Jenhinsea totc ectest the teat of Scott hy teahing a cotehintion wth the Demcrats it the Sente, tochieng the eafety of their tenitiy incthe Senate, ted therebyeeusthcottcand seat Jenhies. Aecao the tre inteentiot of the eonspirateet, Scott teat ucatotee. Let us tee if they towere successful it any of these peepeeitione. John Rt. Scect, tote aemhititac fee Senatetial honote, toot workedp tfeveheat to eeute the peite. The convention mete ted it teat ateonce ohservedtat W. H. Cheisty, wehite Repahican, eche did cat helong tt the Othoen gang, teat the eheice at the convention. The anti-ring delegatec held a cat- tote, wchich teat atteeded hy Sceec at oeo atehete. Scott tlted ted advited teith the othee delegates, ted assteed them that he teat with them toe the ceteination et Christy. He hegged the  CARPETBAGcRULEIN FLORIDA. s29 coccus to coke hint chaiesman of the convention, swhichswas done, and inoufewminutessthecnentionouas coiled to oeder. Scott, us pre-urrunged, cue suede chaitrsao. Cheisty wseesmi noted by one of the aoti-eiog delegates, cod instantly the caepes- baggees, Dochecy, Jenkins cod Cheoey peesented the onme of Scott us Cheisty's opponent, at agreed upon befoe. The anti- eing delegaessweretastonistedanderushedstobcottsto have himt sithdeawnhisocame, hut be did set sent to undeestand n-hut theynteant. Seiiossiog comeneeced, anderesulted in thenoi nationof Chrissy bycailagentjoity, hut Scott toted thot the resotlstion sc unintettigihte, and eedeeed a new halot, sehich wsuhad,uandagainoCheistyseceivedutueagentjoeity. hoe inforealtiies sehich Scott contended comepetted hint to tote shot the berst balot seas uninsettigibte, happened this timee all eight, hot he toted just she opposite so sehat be did hefoee, so thus thied butlt wsc oedeeed, sehich again reeultted in the nomeinasion ofiChristy. The ring nose gace up she ghost andoabandoned theit peoposision. Scott asd Dun Mctnnis seete nontinated foe she Assemebty. The ting, eupeesing shut they seotld hoe Scott so deot seith, sehen is tuened out thot they bed Cheisty, hesitoted foe o sehite so otteseps so defraud hint at the battos box, and ineented onotheptan,uand thatseusto get Jenkinssto sue tosert house, sehich seoutd gice hime influence so be rturned to the Legislatse two years henceo nd altoso t eed inotheimpyeachmcentof Hoe- ris Reed. boost days aftee she concention, sehite Cheisty ws incidenstly in she business ptace of Don Mctnnis, W. M. Led- sih,sehoseus us thus since friendyswih Osbuo,cme in,uand said: Msctnnis, t use authotizedhby Cotenet Osboen soo sato pou thus if you seitt simpty seithderse from pout piece ontt he Legislative ticket end let Jenkins go on in pout piece, he seill gist pou fice shousaod doliass, cod give you also she regulae pup; see do nut ask you so tube en actsice poet to his faetr." Mctnnis reptied, "Ledwish, sell Osboen so go sob-i seish his monney;I havetmyptradesuto aeemybciingfronm," Having failedsno defeat she will of the seority in these two effoets, they ressoesed so she Dentoceass foe success. They enteted into on arrange- mntessih H. H.HoegoandMies Pice,seho serteuamhitions foe legisiasive honors, end membhers of she Dentoceatic poesy. CARETBAG RcULn so eLORIDA. 129 cacsto ntahe ime chaierman of the convention, sehichseas done, end inoa fese minutes she convention wsecallted so oedee. Scott, us prec-aeranged, sees suede ehaisman. Cheisty ssmi nosed by one of she anti-eieg detegases, end instantly she cerpet- baggees, Decheep, Jenkins cod Cheoty peesented she oncme of Scott us Chityts oponent, us agreed upeon befoe. The ansi- eing delegatessweestsoishedoandsrushedtobScottsse havekim seithdrasekisnuame, bus be did not seem to underssand sehat they means. builtsiog ceomcenced, cud tesulsed in the nomic nationof Chisty byeailagemjoiy, bus beets toted thatsthe resoltion ws uninselligibte, end ordesed a new ballos, chick wsohadoadginChistyeceiedoailagemjoiy. hoe isforealties chick Scott contended comcpelled himes totue shot she fiess bullttes uninsetligible, happened this since alt tight, bus he toted jest she opposite so what he did befote, so thus shied butlt sees oedeeed, chick agais resulsed in she nontinasion oftChisty. The dong now guvt op she ghost anduhbandoned theie peoposision. beet and Don Mctnnis sere nomnted foe the Assemebty. The ting, expecsing shut they seould hace Scott so deal cubh, wehen is turned out thus they hod Cheisty, hesisosed foe a wehile so asseemps so defeaud bisect she baotoxe, end ineented anothereptan, end thus wsc to get Jenkinsse toeer house, wehich could give hint influence so be returned to the Legisltue tco years hence, and also so teed in she imepeachmnt of Hue- tison Reed. boe deps ohter she concentice., chite Cheissy wsee incidentatty in she business plce of Duo Mctnnis, W. Mt, Led- with, seho wsct usthot since frendly weish Osboen, camee is, end said: MIeneis, I use aushotizedhby Colonel Osboen so soy so you that if you seill simpy withdraw frose pout piece en she Legislative ticket end it Jenkins go on in pout piece, he will gist you Sote tkusand dollaes, end givt you cite she regulae pop; see do net ask you so tube anuactice putt in his gaeor.' " Mctnnis replied, IILednish, sell Osboen so go sobh-i wish his meoneyt I haeemy tradesto mkentybciingfreom." Honing failedito defect she will of she maujortsy in these two efforts, they resorted sosthe Demecratsforesueess. Theypented into en uteesge- cent wihH. H.Hoegcand Miles Peicesewho seeembnthiions foe legisltsive honors, end memebees of she Dentoceatic poety. caucusto make hint chairman of she convention, wehichswas done, end inoa few meinuses she convention sees called so oeder. Scott, us pe-arranged, coo maode chaierman. Cheissywanoi noted by one of the endi-dong delegases, end inssansly she caepes- haggees, Docheep, Jenkins end Cheney peesented she oncme of Scott us Chrissy's opponent, as ageed uon befoet The anti- ring delegatesswereastoishcdcnderushedstobScoto hacekhim withdrawcbisnme, bus be did not seem so undeessand sekat they meeunt. Buttossiog cosenced, cod resulsed to she noses- notion of Christy byeataemjoity, but Scott euled shatsthe seeltonws uninselligible, aed oedeted a new ballts, chick wschad,oandugin Chistyeceiveduatlagemjoiy. Soe infoeseuties chick Scott censended competlled himes totue thus she berss butlt sees uninteligible, happened skis since cit tight, bus he toted just she opposite so sehat be did before, so sbus shied butlt sees oedered, chick again resulsed in she nomeination of Chsisty. The dong noweggOct upstheghostanduabandoned their proposition. Scott asd Den Metnnis sete nomtinased foe the Assemebly. The tiog, expecting shut they seold bae Scots to deat weith, wehen is totted out shot they hod Cheissy, hesisased fee o whbile to assemept so defraud hime us she ballot bus, end incensed anothee plan, and shut wsectso get Jenkins to the lower house, chick would give him influtoce so be resurned to she Legisltue two years hence, end alseso t eed inthe impchmbsentsof Hoe- rison Reed. boe days after she convention, while Chrissy cot inscidentally in the business piece of Don Mctnnis, W. to. Led- weith, who sees us shot time friendiy weith Osboen, camee in, end said: "Mtetnis, Ioameauthorized byColoeOc sborn tousayso you thus if you will simeply wisbdraw frome pout piece en she Legisltive ticket cod it Jenkins go on io pout piece, het will givt you Seve thousand dollues, end gice pee also she tegnicepoy; see do not ask you so tube on active poet in his feces." Mctneis replied, "Ledoish, sebl Osboen tof so o h-i weith his mtoney; haeemystradestosmakenmyhliing fom." Hosing failedsto defect the will of she maujority in these swo eforts, they resoeted to she Demcraets foe success. They etered into on atrange- mntnwithkH. H.HoegndMies Pice,eho weeembnthiions foe tegisltsive honoen, end meees of she Deseocrtsic poesy.  130 CARPETBAG RULE 10 FLORIDA. Hfoegoand Price being hacked byo aery smatll minority of the Dentocrats of the Dounty, in the areongetoent, ID the effect that aticket witht HoratioJenkins, Jr., for Senaor, and H. H. Hoeg end Miles Peice for the Attetnbty should be eon in opposition to the regotar Repttbiicon ticket, Hoeg and Price to fuernish the eoe o rn the cotmpaign, eocept $1,000, ,ehich Jenkins met to cootribote, wchich, accoeding to the statentent ofterweards of Hoeg's accouotant, they did 10 oer $4,000. The Densocrats on the doy of election yeetty mouch oil voted for Chrioty, as did the Repuhticant; end eccoeding ro the coont, Cheitty, Scott end Mclnnis mere elected hy toore then twco-thieds cote of the county. The coonty booed of canvastees (the clerk, jodge of peobate andeajottice), aftee troning oot irregularities, etc., cer- tified to the Seceetary of Stole that Ike Christy ticket wes elected by 825 mojoeity. The day of election, Ike eirg, with schar foltlte- ing they coold muttee, scent downo to Yellow Bluff precinct, on nocue tittle village, to vote, thot toying the foundotioo foe the feand aftrwaords peepetroted. Yellow BlunS propee hod aouotSo votethbt the ritsghadittcentedemrmthodhbywhichoa minority coold be ternfored into a majoritymwithoutevoret or the knowledge or content nf the eotee. They maytaid the Intpectoe from this precinct, scho hod been enteosted mitk the batlot boo to delier 01 the County Clek's office, end getting him dern, broke it open, took out and desteoyed the retuent mode by the Ittspectors antd tehttituted one of their oscn mono- factnre,swith cotet for the otherticket,toecoerespond wtith the reton-the saebeing made togieJenkins, Hoegeand Peice smalmjorities. Retealingthe boo, it Rot conveyed to the Clerk'toffice,eand the demand madelfoeitt count; hot the con- vssert foiled to sen t, aod them it eeL. At the timenof the canvass, Goernor Reedswastin Jacksoneille,eandmwas appealed to personallyby Cheneyeand Osboro to instruct the clerk end judge to convsts in Jenkint. He replied that hr hod neer yet heen a williog potty to a feand aod immrdiaely celled npon the nfficers to ditchoege ther dory undee the leaw, regardless nf the retoltt. Osboen aftermards sent a note to the Governor apolo- gizng for thereqoest,ondtsayingitwsoyhecause hemwithed to se the etrctioo of Welts. At the eaneass of the eote hy the Stote Booed of Canvossers, Christy anod his ticket mere again 130 CARPETBAORULE INFLORIDA. Hoegeand Price being backedby a very sineS minority of the Democeats of the conty, in the aeertngetmeot, to the effeet that a ticket with Horatio Jenkins, Jr., for Senator, end H. H. Horg aod Miles Price for the Assembly should he eon its opposition to the regolae Repohiicao ticket, Horg end Peice to furoish the money to eon the campaign, except $t,ooo, schich Jenkins met to eonteibute, wchich, accoedieg to the statemtnt afteewaeds nf Hoeg's accoontant, they did to oven $4,non. The Democeats on the day of election pretty mtocb oil coted foe Christy, en did the Republicans ; ond accordiog to the coont, Christy, Scott end Mclnnis mere electnd by moee then tsco-thiedo eote of the county. The coonny booed of concossners (the clerk, jodge of probotnoandeajostice), aftee theowing oot ireegolarities, etc., cer- tified to the Seceetary of State that the Chteisty ticket met elected by Se5 majority. The day of election, thn ring, milk mhat follom- log they coould mostee, scent dowcn to Yellow Bioff precinet, en obscore little village, to sole, thot toying the foundatin for thr fraod aftreards prpetrated. Yfellosc BioSf proper hod about 8osvotes, hot the ring had incentedeamethodbymwhichka minority could he transfoemed into a majoritymwithoutevotes or the knoscledge oeeconsent of the soter. They scaylaid the Iespectoe feom this peecinct, scho hod been entrusted scith thr ballot boo to deliver 01 the Coonty Clerk's office, and getting himdeunk, broke it open, took out end destroyed the retntots mode by the Inspectors end sobstitoted one of ther eown mono- faetoe,mwithvots fothe othereticket, to coresponttdih the retun-the samebeing maeto giveJenins, Hegand Pie smallmjorities. Reseling tebox,itswassconeeyed to the Clerk's office,eand the demand madeforeitstoont; hot the coo- vsters foiled to seent, end threm it oLt At the time of the caneass, Governor Reedmwasin Jacksonville,andmwasppeled tonpeesonatlly by Cheneyeand Osborn to insteuct the clerk end judge to caovass in Jenkins. He replied thot hr hod oeer yet kern a milling paety to a freed end immediately called uon the nfficees to discharge their doty onder the lam, regardless of the reselts. Osboro aftermards sent a nole to the ocernoe apoln- giriog fortheeeost,eandtsaying itmwsondyhecase hemwithed to sore the election of Wells. At the cnvness of the sole by the Stote Booed of Canossees, Christy end his ticket scene again Hoegand Pricehbeing backed byoasery smallminority of the Democratt of the coonty, in the arrangemen, to the effect that e ticket scith Horatio Jenkins, JL., for Senatoe, end H. H. Borg nd Miles Peice foe the Assembly should be eon in opposition to the rengolar Repoblican ticket, Hoeg end Peice to fuenish the money to eon the compaign, except$ t,eooo, schick Jnns met toontsnibote, wchich, accordiog to the tatement afterwaedsnof Hong's accoontantt, they did to over $4,000. The Democrats n dhe day of election peettyntoch all voted foe Cheisty, as did the Republicant e nd accoeding to the coont, Cheisty, Scott end Mclnnis inere elected by mote thon twco-thirds votn of the county. The coooty booed of coseossees (doe cleek, jodge of probateandeajustice), afherthrowingout enregolareties, etc., cer- tified to the Secetary of State that the Cheisty ticket not elected by 825 majority. The day of electin, the ring, mith what follom- ing they cold moster, int dnscn to Yellow Bluff precinct, on ocoee little sillage, to sole, thos toying the foondation foe the frond afeeemrds perpettated. Yellow BluoS peoper hod abotlgootes, bot the eingoad inventedeamethodhbymwhichke minornity coold he transfonmed into a majoritymwithotsvotes or the knoscledge on consent of the soter. They scaylaid the Inspectoe from this precinct,swhonhad been enteustedmwith thr botlot bos to delivee at the Coooty Cleek's office, end getting him drunk, beoke it open, took out end destroyed the retorns mtadeby ttetInspectorsand sbstitted one of teir owntmanu- facture, mith votes for the other ticket, toncorrespond twith the retuen-the same bning made to gie Jenkins, Hoeggand Price smell majoeities. Reseating the box, it met coneyed to the Clerk's offie,end the demand made for its coont; hot the con- vsters failed to seeki, end them it out At the time of the eanvsm,CGoernoe Reedswassin Jacksonville,oandmwasppeled to personollyby Cheneyoand Otborn to instruet the clerk nd judge tn convsn in Jenkins. Her eplied that he hod onever yet been a milling paety to a frond end imrdiately celled opon the nfficers to dischaege their duty undr she law, regardless nf the resolts. Osborn afteemaeds sent a note to thn Governnr apolo- gizing fortherequest,eandnsaying itmosonly becase hemwished so sore the election of Wells. At the eansass nf the s-ott by the Stole Booed of Caneosees, Christy ond his tinket mere again  CARPETBAG RULE IN FLORIDA. t3t declareelected. Theringonow heldoaothercosltation meet- ing and determied to ttake their loot desperte ostoolt on Cheiosy. They hod OR oodeeotoodiog atmoog themoselvot to toit qoietly ottil the moeetiog of tho Legiolotore, ood learn whot Repoblicoot were contesting the seott of Deooottie Seootors. Theit heochttoo, Lieoeooot-Goooernor Day, ohose doty it tOO to preside mvet the Setote and apepoint its cototittees, tOO to appoint the commtittee oR privileges ood elections eoclotisvely froomothe osetohers of the eing, oith the eoceptioo of the cwo reprettiveoofthe Demsocrotic pety. This portof the pro- greotos corried oot to the letter, ond the cooooitteewa oocordingty oppoioted. The toots of severol Demoocrosic Seoo- toes twereecontested, ood ot the low ettimsote it which the Tiog held the voice of the people at shot timte it waos not a qoestion of hooet votestcaotfor the coodidotes ood contestans, hot ostto wehethee the riog coold ohtoit votet enoogh it the Sensote to soot 00 ost meees io ottee disregord of the Corotitotiot, lost, tight or justice. They enteredinto at ogreetoeoto-ith the Demt- ocraticSenatosthtif they wouldseat Jenis it Christy's place, they, the ritngmemhers, wouldtoustoio Root, Democrat, sittiog memhber from Colomhio Cootty, whote setoo toot cotested hy Dr. E. G. Johnson, Repuhlieon. They alto agreed to toot Allot, Democrat, from Haomiltot, io place of the sittiog memher from that eounty, who wot a Repohlicoo, aod to teat Dotoot, Doemocrat, from Lafoyette atd Taylor, io place of KRimmioger, Repohlican. Christy did tot occopy hit teat mote thon three days. Setator Atkins, ote of the two Democrots of the com- mitter on pritileges atd electiont, came to Mr. Chritty jost before the meetitg of the Setote on the day he w00 ootted, atd maid,- 6"Mo. Cheitty, ins regaod to thisoeootett, we oil know yet atdhlke yoo,and kwyouwere elected. Yon have hoved amongus a lotgtime, ad wewold preferoto keep yoo ioyour seatl hot it hecottet 0s at Democrats to make what copital to cat ot of thete thingt, and if you will peomite to do the some thitgt foe ot that Jenkins atd hit friends hate prottised, we wll keep yo iyorseatoandsetd Jekithome-" Mr.Chisty asked hire what they hod promised, atd he toid, " They prom- ited totseatAllen, fromttHamiltons, to keep Charley Rossinfrom Colttmhia, atd tootnseat Krimmitger." Chrittyts reply was- CARPETeAG RULE tN FLORIDA. 030 declared elected. The riof now held ooother coosoltotioo moot- ing and detrmined to make their last desperate assault on Christy. They had an ondertondiog omoeg themselcet to wait qoietly tntil the meetiog of the Legislatore, ond Iert what Repohlicanotwere contesting the teatt of Democratic Seoatort. Theic hetchman, Lieotetont-Governor Doy, whote doty itwa topestide over the Senote tod oppoiot its committees, waot to oypoiot the committee on privilefes ood electiont eoclotively from the membhees of the ring, with the exceptin of the two repreotativos of the Democrotic porty. This port of the pro- grommte wos corcied out to the letter, ood the commiotee wot accordiegly appoioted. The seatt of tevrol Democratic Seoo- toot wereecontested, andoatthe low estiomate io which the riog hold the coice of the people at thot time it tot tot a qoottiot of honstttotes cast foe the caodidteandcontetatsot,houtoasto whether the riog coold ohtaio totes eoogh it the hente to teat or ost membhets it otter disregard of the Coottitotion, low, eight or jostice. Theyrontered ioto oan ogreement ttith the Dem- ocratic Setatorstshot if they woold toot Jetthits it Christy's place, they, the ritg memhers, wouldtoustait Rost, Democrat, sittiog membher from ColoumhiaCootty, whose soot woo eootested hp Dr. E. G. Johnsot, Repohlioat. They alto ogreed to toot Allot, Democrat, from Hamiltoo, it place of the tittitg memher from thot conty, who woo a Repohlicon, atd to toot Doncat, Demtocrat, from Lafayette otd Taylor, it ploce of rimmitgor, Repohlican. Cheitty did not occopy his soot otore thot three dayt. Setotor Atkitt, one of the two Democrats of the cow- mtittee on peitileges mod elehtiots, came to Mr. Christy just hefore the meetittg of the Setate ot the day ho tot totsted, atd maid,- " Mr. Christy, int regard so thit contest, we all ktow you and like you, andkowryousereleted. Von hate lived amrogosalongtim, and wwould prefer tokeeppyouinoyour seat; hot it hecomes as as Deoorats to woke what capital we cat outof these things, atdif youswdllpromieeto do the satte thitgt fortus that Jenkits ond hit friends hove promised, we will keep yoo ityourseat atdsetd Jetkinshome." Mr.Chisty asked him what they hod promised, and hr told, "They prom- ised toseat Allen, from Hamilto, to keep Charley Ross itfrom Columhia, atd so nseat Krittmittgeo." Christy's reply wos- CARPE~TAGRULE INOLORIDA. 13r declored elected. The rieg now held aoother consoltotioo moos- ingoonddetrmioed to moke their lost despresrssouoh Cheisty. They hod an ondrstoodiog amoog themoselves to wait qoietly ontil the meetieg of the Legisiatore, ond leoro that Repohlicans were contesting the seats of Democrotic Senatoes. Their henchmoo, Lieuteooot-Goveroor Doy, those dosy is tot to preside over the Seoote rod appoist its committees, was to appoint the committee 00 privileges and electiots esclosicely from the memhbers of the ring, with the escepsion of the two represensotices of the Democrotic potty. This port of the pro- gromme tot corcied oat to the leotr, ond the commitee tot accordiogly oppointed. The toots of severol Democeosic Seoo- toes were contested, and at she low estimote is which the ritg held she voome of the people at that time it tot oot a questiot of hotestovotesocastfor the candidates and contestants, hot Ot to whetherthering couldohtainovotetetooghionhheoeateso teat or oust membhers it otter disregard of the Cotstitotion, law, right or justice. Theyentered ittoooo greementtith the Dem- ncratic Setators shot ifsthey would teat Jenkhits it Christy's place, thry, tho ring memees, woold sostain Row, Democrat, sittitg memhor from Columhia Coooty, those teat toot cootsted hy Dr. E. D. Johtson, Repuhlicoo. They alto ogreed so seat Allot, Democrat, from Howiltot, it place of the sitting membher from that county, who tot a Repohlican, otd to toot Dutcat, Democrat, from Lofayette otd Taylor, in place of KRimmiogor, Repuhlican. Christy did tot occopy his soot wore than three days. Setator Askins, ote of she two Democrats of the cow- mittee n privideges atd electins, come to Mr. Christy jost hefore the meetitng of the Setote ot the day hr tot oossed, otd said,- " Mr. Christy, it regard to this cottest, we all knoow pot atd like yoo, and ktow you were elected. Vot hate lioed amotgousa log timo, atdwe wouldpeferto keep yot ityotr seat; hot ithbecomesous to Democrats to make what capital we cat ot of these things, and if pot will promise so do the tame thitgs fortus that Jenkits and his frieods hate promised, we wi keep youoityourseat atd setdJekis home." Mr.Chisty asked him what they htd promised, atd he said, "They prom- ised so teat Allot, from Hamiltot, to keep Charley Rots it from Coltmbia, atd to otteat Krimmitger." Christy's reply wos-  132 CARPETAGtRULE IN LORIDA. "1Mr. Atkins, Ihave fought ashardahattle fortmy setein the Senate as any man ever foght, wsithoas copraoising mtyself, andlIdo't popetoado soatsthis elth hou. I elaimosap seatasomy ight. I havenoapledgestotmaketanoyomanoany setaoftoen." Inoafewemiteafterthis cnversation thehSen- ate eesuoeed its tession, the paced caoomitteeon privileget and elentions, L. G. Dennit, W. J. Paetoao, aod Feed Hill, teported Jenkins entitled to the seat of Cheisty. Eleen Demoats and feet Repuhlicans toted to oat Cheisty. The Repahlicaos tents Meachamt, Wentwortsh, Hill and Dennis, and the only Demoa- neat weho voted yen teas Ross. Jenkinsoond his friends nowehad ano ppotanity to shose whethee the peaomise of a genaine narpet-haggee seas wotsh any- thing, and wshether such eaepethaggee teas wortsh a prtosise. A fete days aftee the oassee of Cheissy, Ross, weho had noted to uoseat Cheisty, teas austed aod Johnseon seated, Allen seas repored against, rtietngeetwas declaedentied tohis seat, and evey proise seade by Jenkins and his ring frieds was osteely diseegarded and sialated. The Demoanrats, seho nose sate that they had heen outweitted hy the naepet-haggees, seent so Christyand salicited hito ohave his nameassociatedtwith Rass toost Jenkins, hat he teas net silling ta haee Rose seho had toted against hito nese shid hank on his shoaldees. It woauld thas appear that the astate and anpeincipled naepet-hagger seas eat onlyncapableeof meisleading the nefta, hat the Soathern wehites as seell, and that hash seree satneptihle af heing panished. Notweithstandiag these seen weho weete patties ta the Yellose Bluof fraad stead hefoe the pattlin cnvinted of this glating otagt apan the hallat box, wehich, if toletated, woaald pat an ed ta all repuhlicn gavernentt, yet they weere allaseed to hald the tost imepartaat Fedetal offices, and ta ant as Chairtoen and Senretaries af oat State Repahlicn naomittes. While Jenkissuaped the seat of Cheisty, Scatt and Mclnnis see permeissed to rettain theit seata frose the samecney. Ross, Dunncan and Allen hadteceived large msajorties in theirtSena- totial disteints, hat weee eat peermitted to ancapy their stats. The fretedmsen had eas e hgan to lease that the teen seho had hten loudest in the denanniatian of the Soatheen sehites foe openly opposing eegeo suferage, werte seneetly engaged all otee 132 nARPTBAG RUJLE to FLORIDA. " Ms. Atkins, Ihavetfought ashardahatte fattmy stat in the Senate as anysman tone foght, seithoat cotmperneising toyself, and Idon't propase todoasoat this eleveth hoa. I claimsomy seas asemytight. I haenopledgesst aehtoeanysmaneany seteof seen." Inoafewnutes afterthisn esaieon theSen- ate retsmed its sessian, the panhed commtittee an ptivileges and eleedaons, L. G. Dennis, W. J. Passean, and Peed Hill, repoeted Jenkins entitled to the seat of Cheioty. Elevn Democneats and feat Repuhlicns vated to east Cheisty. The Repahlicans wr Meachama, Wentworeth, Hill and Dennis, and the only Deo- neat weho voted yen seas Res. Jenkins and his fretds nose had an appeetanity sa shose sehethee she pratmioe af a genaine narpet-hagger seas weorth any- shing, and sehether sash carpethagger teas wortsh a praomise. A fete days ahter the aaster of Cheisty, Rass, seha had sated to uet Cheisty, teas easted and Jahnsan seated, Allen seas reported against, Keisesigeeswasdelaedentiled tohis sea, and everypromisesmadehbyJenkins andhising fiendswas otteely disregaeded end tialated. The Demoaneats, seho note sate that they had heen oattoitted hy the naepet-haggees, teens so Christy and salicited kite to haee his nameeassaciatedswith Ross so test Jenkins, hot he teas net toilling to hoe Rats seho had vtsed againt himntw slihd hank on his shoaldees. Iteaould shas appeat that the astte and unpeinnipled naspet-haggee seas net onlyncapahleaof msisleading the eegea, hot the Sautheen wehites as seell, and that hath serte susneptihle af keing patished. Notweithstading these teen who seee patties to the Yellase BiaSf fraud stood hefoet the pahic cnvictd of this glating oqteage uon the hallot has, sehinh, if talerated, seoald pat an end ta all repahlican goternment, yet they weete allaoed to hold she tost imsportata Fedetal offices, and ta ant as Chairtoen and Seceetaries of aae State Repahlicnommenittees. While Jenkins asarped the stat of Cheisty, Scott and Mclnnis toese peermitted to retain their seats froot the sameenaunty, Ross, Dancan and Aleo had tenetited laege meajorities in theithSena- totial disteints, hot weete not pertoitted to occapy skein seats. The freedmsen had ease hegaa to learn that she toen seha had keen loudest in the denanciation of the Saathern wohites foe optenly opposing negee saffrage, towee seneetly engaged oil attn 132 nCARPETBAG OULO IN FLORtDA. " Me. Atkins, Ihave foaght ashbardahattde foesmy seat in the Senate as any man tote foaght, weithaat naompeaomising toyself, and Idontproposetotdatsoatthisleeth hoa. I nlaimesmy seatsasamytight. I haenoapledges tomake toaney manatraay setsaf toe." Inoafewomiaates afterthis nesaion the Sen- ate resaumed its sessian, the panhed coammittee on privileges and eientions, L. G. Denois, W. J. Petoao,and Feed Hilt, tepoeted Jenkins entitled sa she seat of Cheisty. Rleoen Demoaneas and faue Repahlicns tated to oast Chtisty. The Repuhlinans toese Meachato, Wetorath, Hill and Dennis, and the only Demoa- ctat weho toted yea seas Ross. Jenkins and his fretdsonowehad an oppartuonity to skate seheshee she peromise af a genaine carpet-hagger sets seoeth aey- thing, and wehether sank natpeshaggee teas woreth a pranmise. A fete days aftet the eastee of Cheisty, Ross, seha had sated so unseas Cheisty, wsea oasted and Jahnon seated, Allen seas reparted against, reisesingeeswas declaredenidled to his seas, and every promise moade hy Jenkins ted his ring friends was asseely disregarded and tialated. The Deseecrats, seho ease sate that shey had keen aatweitted hy the carpet-haggers, teens so Chrisy andsalicited himtso kane his ease associatedswith Ross to east Jenkins, hat he seas not sedling to hate Ross seho hod oted againtt kite noweslid hank on his shoaldees. Itswould shot appeat that she astase and unpeincipled narpet-hagget seas nat onlyncapableof msisleading she negee, hat the Soashern wehites as well, and that hash towete sasceptible of heing putnished. Naoseithstanding these toes sehasweee patties ta the Yellowe BluaS fraad staad before the pahlic cnvieted of skis glating eqttagt apon the ballos box, sehinh, if tolerted, seoald pat an end so all republican goenmsent, yet they toese altowed so held she mtost imotant Pedetal offices, and to ant as Chairmene and Senrestaties of our State Republicn naomtittees. While Jenkintssped she seat of Cheisty, Snost and Mclnnis tests peetoitted to retain theit teats ftaom the samte noanty. Ross, Duncan and Allen hadeneived laege seajortiies in theirtSena- terial disteints, hat towere net peermitted to onnapy theit seats. The freedmten had ease begun sa leatn shas the toen seho had keen loudest in the dtenonciadion of the Southern tohites foe openly opposing nege sauffrage. towere seart ly engaged nlloe  CARPETBAG RULE IN FLORIDA. 133 CARPETBAG RULE IN FLORIDA. 133 the State in nullifying that very sqffiruge wehen the exercise of it by themo did nut yut u caryet-bagger in uffice. Thnene foun duys ufter the electinn uf i87u it becamenni dent thatfluhantand Niblack werenlcted by godajoities, though the ning, theuugh thnir newsyuypens, cluitood the electiun nf Day and Wullt, enhutn they wee cunfident had hnnn defeutnd; and whbite thny renjniced in thnit heartt uver the defeut uf Wallt, yet theyculd not hide theie denyundency oven the defeattdf Day. Hotun tu get Day in uttd count Wulls uut nun a nery diffi- cult qnettiuntonulve. The leadersoof theering andnuchuther membeet s attin the "amncuener" at once held u cunntdta- tiotn to devise means to sucucefully hehead Bluohutt, the Denmo- cratic giant. Itwasnyroposed atnhentntucountein Nihtacbfnr Congess and Day fun Lieutenant-Guverno, but thin neat tthjected to hy tume of the memenrse on the grond that the retuenn feotm all the countinn weould not he so accennihle un the retttrnn front Yellown Bluff had heen, and that nnuh a step wonuld cuethe colured hrother no hick through Walls, twhu wsea hint- self adsmitted tnhbevery shrsewd, and theswhule fraud and the parties to itnmight hecrinminally eponed. They finally ageed to ylay the game of Yellow Bluff on a different and larger scale. In all the hach Democratic countien sehich had Republican nfficern, seho componed the county hoardn of canvanners, told officers serne no delay the returns to the State Booed of Canvans- ets a sufficent length of timeo no an non to he at the capital weithin the time presncrihed by lane, whbich wsea thirty dnyn often the day of election. The Republican counties wcere mostly on the line nferailroadandtheneturns from these conld he got to the cap- ital seithin thee on four days. This peopositiun ws to he kepn verynsecetoand sent to none botnthoseseho could be trusted as trun sysepothies of the rng. All agreed that this seas an ecl tent plan and the edict sent forth, sehich seas partially obeyed. The plan seas made kownn by special couriers sent to the differ- ent coon ties in the gash of. S. mashals, pretendingtohbe banning op election frauds committed by the Democrats. These marshalsseoold aresetnsome Demncratonnsome ficolnouscharge and carry himto Jacksonville, putimonder hond ontilecourt met, and then turn him loose. The neot quesion wsea as to sehethee the ring coold induce the Board of State Cancansees to the State in nullifying that nery nulfeage sehen the eecine of it by them did non pot a caryet-bagger io office. Thee on foot dayn often the election Of 1870 it became nvt- dent that Blonhom and Nihlack sese elected hy good majorities, thoogh the sing, through themr newnyapern, claimed the election of Day aod Walls, wehom they ynere confident had hen defeated; and nehile they renjoined io themr heaets ovee the defeat of Walls, yet they could not hide their desyondency oner the defeat of Day. Howto get Day inand count Walls outneason ery diffi- cultnquestiontonsolv. The leadeesnof thering and such other membesssat in the " amen corner" at once held acontulta- tion to denise means to successfully behead Blooham, the Demo- cratic giant. Itneasyproposed atfirststocountsinNihlachfor Congress and Day foe Lieutnant-Governor, hut thin seas objected to by some of the memers 00 she ground that the returns from all the counties seould non he no accessihle as the returns feom Yellose Bloff had been, and that soch a step weoold coose the colored brother no hick through Watts, seho neon him- self admittedtohbenveryshrend, and thesehole fraod and the parties toit might he criminallynoxposed. They finally agreed to play the game of Yellose Blnff on a differeont and larger scale. In all the hook Democratic counties nehich had Repoblican nffices, weho computed the county boards of canvassers, said officers sese to delay the returns no the State Booed of Cannons.- ers asufficient length of time so as notstohbeatte caitlwithin the time prescrihed by lose, wehich seas thirty days often the day of eleotion. The Repuhlican counties sese montly on the line nfsrailroad and thesetorns from them could he got tothe cap- ital seithin thee on foot dayn. This proponition neon to he kept verysecretoand sent to nose bot thosewho coold besrusted as lre sympathiozers of the sing. All agreed that this neon an ecl lent plao and the edict seent forth, nehich neon partially obeyed. The plan wse mode knowen by special couriers sent to the differ- ent coon ties in the gosh of U. S.mashal, pretending tohbe hunting op election fraods committed by the Democras. These maeshalsewould arrest some Democrat ossome frinoloosncharge and carryhim to Jacksonnille, puthim onder bond ontil coort met, and then tuon him lootse. Tbhe neon question seas as no sehether the ring could induce the Booed of State Casnvassers to CAPEBA RUL tIFORIDA. 133 the State in nollifying that nery tqfftagt sehen the neerise of it by nhem did non put a carpet-hagger in office Thee on foot days often the eloction of 10 it hecame evi- dent that Blotham and Nihlach nerne elected hy good mjorities, though the sing, through their newspayper, claimed the election nf Day aod Wolln, nehom they nets confident had bon defeated; and nehile they renjoined in themr hearsn ones the defeat of Walls, yet they could ot hide their despondency ones the defeat of Day. Honeto get Dayin andcountWalls outwasnanverydiffi- cult question toolvce. Theleadeosofthenring and suchoher members antont in the amen corne" at once held a coulta- tion so denise meant to tuccessfolly hehead Blooham, the Demo- cratic giant. tnwsopropoed atfirstto count in Nilach for Congress and Doy foe Lieutenant-Governo, hot thin seas ohjected to hy some of the memhese oo the groond that the retorns from all the counties woold not he no accessible as the eturns from Yellose Bluff had been, and that such a step weoold coos the colored brother no hick through Walls, neho seas hint. self admittedtohbenveyshresed, and thesehole fraud and the panties no in might he criminally exposed. They finally agreed to play the game of Yellose Bluff on a diffeent and langst scale. tn all the hock Democratic counties sehich hod Republican olffcers, seho composed ths cooty boards of canvassers, said officers sese to delay the retorns so the State Booed of Cannons- ers a sofficient length of time so as notsso he at the capitalneithin the time pescribed hy taw, nehich man thirty days often the day of election. The Repuhlican counties nests mostly on the line nferailroadoand thsereouns from them coold be got to the cap- ital seithin thee on foot days. Thin proposion seas to he kept very secretand sentto nonehut thosnebwo cold bestrusted as snot sympathizers of the sing. All agreed that this wsan excel- tens plan and the edict seent forth, sehich neon partially oheyed. The plan seas made knowen by special cooriesn sent to the differ- ent noun ties in the gosh of U.S.mashals, pretendingtohbe hunting up election frauds committed by the Democrots. These marshalsewould asrst some Democratonnsomenfivolous chare andecarry hint to Jacksonville, put him onder hond until coort met, and lbhen tutn hint loose. The next question seas as to sehether the sing could induce the Booed of Stuns Cannassers no  134 CARPET13AG RULE IN FLORIDA. act in accord with this plan, Reed, although notnamemtberof the honed, was yet toee tbout their repeaeed ttemptt at imtpeach- tment, and night hetitate toeetter tn tilitnceteith hit old ene- tmietorarey outtsocritiral apropostint,attdrroulddbehard to make understand the real plant; but Day mut be cun~ted in. Glibs, Secretary of State and a moembee of the honed, they feared could not be depended tpon,astherwat generallynopposed to crruption ir any thape. Gamble, the Comtroller, another memober of the board, trot a Demtocrat, and Meek, Attneney- General, trot a Repuhlican wrho, they feared, could not he relied upon foe their purposet, dhough hr wat opponed to Goernor Reed. E. M. Cheey, chairmean of the rn-railed Repuhlirn State Comittee, wrho trottecod in comand of all rhe ring ferret in Floeida ohen Oshoen trot in the Starr, bat in fall corn- mood wrhen he wat in Washington or oar of the State, had declared that the Store hod he en crted hy the Repuhlicant, and munshbeocounted. The preetence ofCheney, M. Martin, L. G. Dentin, the " Little Giant," and other leading lights of the ring, trot an admonition to the shrewd Blenham and the retern editor of the .ZeAiodion that tnme political rich wat imminent. Different oneso of the ring approached Goveror Reed and indieecdlyouggested the coontingeoutef Blonham and Nihloch, hat hr informed them that if Bloham man elected he oghtteeo declaed hyrthe Board ofConvasmert. Therng gate the Goernor to undertand that if Plooham wasncounted in they would anile with the Democeats to impeach him, Reed, toots tonmaheBloohom Goerore. Reed madeethemoundeestandethathe should not attempt to cotrol the memhers of the honed in the normu- tio of their dory, hot, whatevee their acerion might he, he trould havetonohbmit. Gihhs neat the nent one henieged hy the ring. Tfhe tame trhip of impeachment held ovr Reed rent now torrent- folly osed on Gihhs. The counting-out peocest trot demanded ato panty necessity, while Gihht himnelf trot threatened trith tromped- op chaegen relaeive to hit office if he failed to do the hidding of the rng. to fact, the inhale party influence tarotuenght to hear en Gihhn, thowring the necettity of the caneing ear of Bloham. The Drmocrats hod generally eared winth the ring in the impeachment movements, and Gihhs, heing heteeno tine Sient, finally, hot unwrillingly, yielded to the temptern. Gihhs 134 CARETBAG RUtLo to FLORtDA. act inoaccordtwith tist plan.. Reed,ohlhoughotaomemhereof the hoard, trot yet torn abort their ropeated attempts at impeach- trot, nd might hesitate to enter an allianocemwith hiteold roe- miet to carry ooutsocritical apropostiion, andrwouldbhard to maheounderstand therereal plan; hat Daymusthbe counted in. Gihht, Secetary of State anodea memher of the hoard, they feared could not he depended upont shenwan generally opposedrto corruptin in any shape. Gamhle, the Comptroller, another momher of the hoard, trot a Democrat, nd Meeh, Attorney- General, trot a Repuhl icon weho, they feared, cold not hr relied uon fee theri puepoes, dhough he trot opponed to Govenor Reed. E. M. Cheney, chairmaon of the eo-called Repuhlican Store Comnmittee, whbo trot necod in command of all the ring ferret in Florida ohen Gthon trot in the Starr, hat in fell com- mand wrhen he trot in Wanhington or ear of the State, hod declared that the State had heencored hy the Repuhlicans, and mustthetoconted. The preesence of Cheney, M. Martin, L. G. Dentin, the " Little Giant," and ether leading lights of the ring, trot on admonition to the threwd Blenhomn and the eteran editor of the Fbertdeao that tome political rich trot imminent. Different ones of the ring approached Goveror Reed nd indirectdy nuggested the moorting one of Blonhamn and Nihlnch, her he informed them that if Blonhom trot elected he oughtt eoeclared hy the Boardof Canvasmers. The ring gore the Governor en understand that if Blonham wasncounted in theytrould unitemwith the Democrats en impeach him, Reed, toots to make BlnnhamGaceoe. Reed madehremnunderstandrthathe thould nor attempt en control the memhers of thehboard in the enema- tipo of their duty, hat, wrhaeer their action might he, he would hare to tuhmit. Gihhs trot the nent one hetirged hy the ring. The tame trhip of impeachment held oeer Reed wan note succems- folly teed en Gihht. The caneing-eat peomess trot demanded ann party necessty, wrhile Gihhsnhimselfmwasehreaterndwih tumped- op chargen relative to hit office if he failed to do the hidding of the eing. In fort, the wrhole party influence trot hrought to hear on Gihhs, thowring the necessity of the counting oar of Bleohom. The Demncratsnhad geterallyrvotedwihhthe ring in the impeachment moemenn, and Gihht, heing hetween tree Sien, finally, hat unwoillingly, yielded en the tempteet. Gihhs 134 CAoRaEARUEtINmFORID. act inoaccordrwithrthisplan., Reed, although notnamemhreof the heard, trot yet tone ahout their repeated attemptn an impeach- ment, and might hesiatetoroenn alliance with hin old roe- mien toecarey osocritical aprpoiion, andtwould he hardeno makeeunderstandltheirereal pln; hoe Daymt bethcounted i. Gihhs, Secretary of State nodea memee of the honed, rhey feaeed couldothedepeded uon, on herwon generally opposedrto corruption in any ohope. Gamhl, the Comprolle, another member of the hoard, trot a Democra, ad Meek, Attorney- General, trot a Repuhlican weho, they feared, meuld not ho relied npn foe their purpoes, though herwat opposed no Goveror Reed. E. M. Cheey, chairman of the tn-celled Repuhlican State Committee, wehota tecnd in command of all the ring ferret in Florida when Oshorn trot in the State, hot in fell com- mand wchen hr trot in Washington oe one of the State, hod declared that the Stare hod hero carried hy the Republicoan, ond month betao coonted. The pretence of Cheey, AM. tartin, L. G. Groom, the " Littde Giant,' end other leading lightn of the ring, trot n admonition en the shewd Blenham nd the eteran editoe of the Flotidiao that name political tiick trot imminent. Different oes of the ring approached Goerenor Reednandindiectlynsuggestedethrecontingeoutef Blenham and Nihlamh, her he informed them that if Blnhomn trot elected he anght to he no declared hyrthe Booed of Canvaser. The ring goe the Goerner to understand thor if Blonham trot moonted in theytwould unitetwith the Democert to impeach him, Reed, toots to maheBlenhnm Goerno. Reed maderthemoundrstandthathe should ot attempteto control the membhers of the honed in the ee- Laon of their dory, bet, wrhateer their action might he, he woueld hare to suhmit. Gihhs trot the neon one henieged hy the eing. Trhe tome wrhip of impeachment held oeer Reed trot nowe torrent- folly uned on Gihhs. The counting-out procent trot demanded ace party necessity, whdle Gihhs himself trot threatened tenth tramped- op charger relative en hit office if he foiled to do the hidding of the rineg. In fact, the inhale party inflence trot hrought en hear en Gihhs, sheoing the necessity of the conting eel of Blenham. The Democeratshdgenerallycvotedtwith theing in the impeachment moements, nd Gihhs, heing heteen to Sien, finally, hat unreillingly, yielded no the tempters. Gihhs  CARPETBAG RULE IN FLORIDA. 135 CARPETBAG RULE IN FLORIDA. 135 CARPETBAG RULE IN FLORIDA. 135 secured, the Rext vcim to this outeagettas Attrneey-CeRneral Meek, woho foe som~e timte stood iR the doubhtfol columnR; hut it swos afteroords helieved thot he, too, yielded CR the teomptees, hot peoved faithful to theto only foe a little seasont. ''The spirie toot stilting, hot the fleth Rat weaok." Althoogh he hod hecoste olieoated fromothe Goernaoe andplaced himstelf inofficial as woell as pertonal antagonismt, he hesitated to acciede to the demtandof theeting,hbutfeaeed tooppose themo. tHeclaioed tohaveeeceiveda anonyootlettee theeateigtviolence ifhe assented so a folse count. tt toot generally helieved that the letter twot wreitten hy hitoself. Heeretuerned so his hoeme to Joch- sonvilte, wohereehetwastakeo dangeeouslydil andtwas oeoblteto attend the fooal canvats. Me. Adorns, the Committionee of Iottigeotioo, toot oothoeized to peeset to the Governor histresig- Ration upon conditioR thot he woold appoint Conant totesev until the attembhliog of the tLegitlotoee and then reappoint Meek rgive hiet the jodgeship of the Jocktoenville circoit. The Govo- eroio oedee to get eid of OR ohnoxiout Attoetney-Genteral, accepted the resignation of Meek, wsho wsta eepeesensted to himt as in a dying condition, and oppoioted Conatnt to coetplete the canvast, opon the pledge that he wooold imomediately vacate fr a cotspeteot successoe. The Gooeenoe discovered his mitake wohen, at the succeeding setsioo of the Legislatoee, Conanttsooght CR hold the office its defiasce of him ontil the session ended hit commissitoR. He had got eid of Meek ooly to Sinda more hold, ahle aed defiattcoeeaptioeiat. Thehboard of cootvassets met its the Office of the Secretary of State oR the agth day of Nooemhee attd organized foe the poepoe ofcanvassiogstheeetrns from the diffeentcounties. Bloohant, iR the steatitho, had paredally teared wohat teick to~t op and had hit spiestonhand. The hoaed locked thetateloet int the Secreesary's office and no one toot allotwed to etntee but thetteletoe. Cot. Roheet H. Gaomhle woas the iatide tpieit, he being the Dem~cratic memer of the board, and Capt. C. E. Dyhe standing at the key-hole oo the outside wcaititng foe a whitper feom Gambhle. WheR the retuerns stee opened it ws discoered that the tpecial coueiees tetnt to the different coanties had dRne theie wtorh well. The coatnties Rf Breaed, Dade, Manatee, Calhoon, Lafayetae, Susttee, Souwantnee aad Tayr tecoeed, the Rest viti~m to thit oteage toot Attoettey-Geoietal Meek, tohofoe tstme time stood inthe douhtful columnl hobt it wsta afteestaeds helieved that he, too, yielded to the temptees, hot proted faithfol to them only foe a little season, " IThe spirit wsta stilliog, has the Sleth wsta steak." Although he had become alienated fros tshe Goveernor and placed himself inofficial as stell as personal antagonism, he hesitated to accede so the demaods of the rg, hot feared tooppose them. He claimed tohaveeeceiveda aonymoostletteretheatensing vioteace ifhe asseoted so a false count. tt wsta geoeeaily helieced that the tetter wsta steitten hy himself. Heereturned so his homeRi Jack- snoille, wthereeheswastakeR daogerouslydil attd wsta unahleto aCCOnd the final caovoss. Mr. Adorns, the Commissionee of Immigeations, stotaushoized to peesent to thelGooenor his resig- Ration uon condtioR that he stoold appoint Cooant to serve until the assemblhng of the tegislatuee aed theR reappoint Meek oF give him she jodgeship of the Jacksooville cicit. The Gaov- eroiR oedee to get rid of ao ohnoxousa Attorey-Generat, accepted she eesignation of Meek, sthowsepeented to him as iR a dying conditioR, and appointed C oRaRt to complete the canvoass, uon the pledge that he stoold immediatety cacate foe a competenttouccesto. The Governoe discoveted his mistahe wohee, at the succeeding session of the Legislatote, C onant tooght CR hold the office iR defiaece of him otttit the sessioe eeded hit coemmision. He had got tid of Sleek oely to find amoee hold, ohle and defiantscoeeoptionist. The hoard ofcavsoers met ie the office of the Seoeetary of State RD the 29sh day of Nooembee and oegaeized foe the puepose ofcanvatssg the retuent from the dufferent coontiet. Bloxham, in she meattime, had paetialty leateed tohat teick mit up and had his spiestonhand. The board locked themselves intthe Sescretary's office and Ro one was allosted to entee hut themoseloes. CDI. Roheet H. Gastble ws the inside tpieit, he beineg the Democreasic membher of the hootS, and Capt. C. E. Dyke standing at the key-hole oR the outtide staiting foe a wthispee feom Gambhle. When the retunn mete Rpened it ws ditcooeeed that the specsiat coueiers snt to the digferent coontiet had done theie stock stell. The cotites Rf Bresed, Dade, Manatee, Calhoun, Lafayette, Somee, Suwmannee and Taylat seued, te neotoictim to this oteage toot Attorney-General Meek, toho foe some time stood ie she dhuhtfol columR; hot it wsta afteestaeds helieved that he, too, yielded to the temptees, hot peoved faithful to Chest only foe a little seasona. " The spisi wsta stilling, hat the Sleth wsta steak." Althoogh ho had hecome alienated frost the Gooeenoe and placed himelfinofficialtas wtell as personal antagonism, he hesitated to accede to the demandtofshetring,hbutfeaedo oppose them. De claimed tohaveeeceivedan aoymosletetheeing oiolence ifhe asseoted to a fats e count. It s geneeally hetieved that the letsee wsta steitteR hyhioself. Heretuened to his home inJack- sonville, wthereeheswastaken danfeeoutlydil and wsta oeahleto attend the Sinot canoast. Me. Adamt, the Commissionee Rf Istmigeation, ws athoized topreesent to the Governor his resig- natioRupoconditioo that he stoold appoint Cosant to seree until the assemhlieg of the Legitlatuee and theo reappoint Meek r give him the judgeship of the Jacksonvilte ciecuit. The Goo- eroin oedee to get eid of OR obnoxioot Attorney-General, accepted the resignation of Meek, wtho s eepretented to him as in a dying condition, and appointed Conant to complete the caRvass, uoniO the ptedge that he stould immediately vacate foe a costpetent soccessoe. The Goceeeoe discooeeed hit mistahe woheR, at the socceediog sestion of the Legistaste, C onant sought CR hold the office io defiaoce of him until the sessios ended hit commissioe. He had got eid Rf Meek only to Sonda more hold, able aod defiant coeeoytiooisc. Theboard ofcanassers met in the office of the Sectetaey of State en the C9th day of Nooemhee aod oeganized foe the poepoteof canvassing the retuerns feom Che diffetrent cotiCes. Blosham, io the meantime, had paetialty learned tohat teick mit op and had his spiestonhand. The boaed locked shemoseloet iR the Seceetary's office and RoR owa allowted tR entee hot themselveo. Cot. Rokeet H. Gambhle wsta the intide tpieit, he heing the Demoeratic membhee of the hoaed, and Capt. C. E. Dyke standing at the hey-hole oR the outside woaiting foe a wehispee feom Gamble. When the eeturns mere opened it wsta discoveredsthatthe special coueiers sent to thedifeentcountiet had done theta woek melt. The counties Rf Bret-nd, Dade, Manatee, Calhoon, Lafayette, Somtee, Sumannee and Taylor  136 CARPETBAG RULE IN FLORIDA. wserenot in. It sas esvident toGaomble that the toomembers of the booed owere bent on counting the Rote as then returned and todeclaetheesuolt, sshichssould hav-egiv-enDay atojo. ity. Capt. Dyke, still at his post oR the outside key-hots, had receiv-ed severat important dispatches feooo Col. Gamoble as to tlse doings of the moajor moeoshees of the hoaed,owhi-h ho had s-onseyed to Bloshoos. The infortoation coos-eyed by these dis- pats-bet iodos-ed Bloohano to apply to judge White, of the Second judis-ial Circait, foe ao injunction resteaining thse hoaed from hurtherocanvcassountil the faethee order of the c-ooet. The judge seas holding c-ouet io the city of Mootis-ello, ahout thirty miles Raa, aod it tooh ontil the Rest day toeceiv-e tho iojonction. Dyke, not having boed feoto Cot. Gomhlo foe some time, werote 0 nott, this-h he shos-ed ondee the door, as-ging him to detain thohboard as losg to possible. tithe- hymaking motions, dehat- ing, conveetation, or anything to hilltsimoe ootil the injunction shoold aeeis-e. This dispatch fell into the setong hoods. as Gibbs weas the fiest to see it, read itoond then potsit inahboohin his offis-e. Gamble ws-tt otstside to c-aeey aoother dispatch, wene Dyhe inqoired wetehee he had recoeis-ed the one shov-ed onderothe dooe. Heaososered no,aodeoshed bas-hinto the offiseand askedowho had receis-ed it. Meehseanted tohknowif Gamble imposed the stealing of the note to him, sent Gibbs told him that he had piohed op a Rote aod laid it in a book. Gamble foe very werathy aboot the mattee, hot Gibbs itsfoemed him that he thought the Rote was of no consequence. The injunction seas recseived the test day, the 3osh, atod weas duty sersed on allthemembees ofthe boaed, and the board in afew days ofteerwaeds adjouened until the 26th day of Decemhber. Whoa the 'injunctiontseas served on the board the eing forea time thouoght-all seas tooL. The hosed begat to eeatize the fas-t that Bloobamn was eleoted, hot the ring hosiog the Uoited States Courtinotheirehaods alied again,anod assoeed the members of the board that White shoold be arr-ested foe issoitsg the injunc- tion, aod begged them to remain faithfot aod steadfast. Meek faited to be s-omforted by these peomises of secureity, and he resigned his positido as Attorney-General on the day of the adjournsmenst of the hoard to the 26th day of Des-embee. White weas arrested and carried beforeethe United Sttes Couret,-tseed 136 CARPETBAG RULE IN5 FLORIDA. seeeotsin. Ittwas evident to Gamble that the tseomembees of the booed wsere b~ot on countinf the v-ote as theoereturned aod tode-laetheeesalt, whi-houlod hav-egiveo Day amajot. ity. Capt. Dyke, stitl as his post on the outside key-hote, had eceis-ed sos-es-at important dispatches feom Cot. Gamble as to the doinsoof the majar members of the boaed, whi-h he had cans-eyed to Bloobam. The iofoemation coos-eyed by these dis- patches ondus-ed Bloohamn to oppty to jadge White, of the Second judicial Cies-oit, foe an injunction retrtaining ste booed feom foether cons-ass ontil the foethee ordoer of the c-ourt. The judge seas hotding court in the s-ity of Monotis-ella, aboot thiesy miles aweay, andit took ostilthe Rest daystoecei-e the onjons-tion. Dyhe, not has-ing heoed feom Cot. Gamble foe some time, setote a note, whi-h he shos-ed ooder the door, ueging him so detaio the booedastlong as possile, eithee hy making motions, debat- iog, conveesation, oe antyting so hitl time until the injunction shootd aeeis-e. This dispats-h fetl into she wrsong hansds, as Gibbsewas the first to see it, read itoond thenoputit in abook in his office. Gambhle woot outside so caery antother dispatch, when Dyke insqoieed seher he had eeceis-ed the otto shoved oodee the doo. Heaoswereedono,aodeashed ba-hiohe officeand asked who bad recseivedit. Meekhmaoted tohknow if Gamble imputed the stealing of the note so him, then Gibbs totd him that he bad piched op a tote aod taid it io a hook. Gamble got veey seeathy about the matter, hot Gibbs onformed him that he thoaght the ote osas of no consequence. The insjooction wsca reseived the test day, the 3osh, and weas duty sersed onalthemembees ofthe booed, aod the boaed in afewe days afterwaeds adjouened untiltshe 26th day of December. Wheo the itnjuonctiosn seas seeved 0n the booed the ring foe a time thousght-att weas lost. The booed began so realize the fact that Bloxham wsea elected, hot the eing has-ing the United Stats Courtio theit hands rallied again, and assured themembees of the booed that White shoutd be attested foe issuing the injunc- tion,' and begged themn to remain faithfut and steadfast. Meek failed so be comforted by these promises of secoeity, and he resigoed his positidn as Attoeney-General on the day of the adjotrnment of she booed to the 26th day of Decembee. White wattarested and crreied befoe the Uoited Stotes Cousrt, s-tsoeed 136 CARERTBAG RCLE tN FLORIDA. weetoosin. tseas ev-idontltoGamebte that the tseomembers of the booed seree b~nt on s-oonting the s-ote as oh en retuened aodto decaetheeesat, sehis-hwoold hav-egiceo Day amajor. ity. Caps. Dyhe, still at his post 00 the ootsido hey-hole, had receiv-ed sos-tool impoetant dispat-hes from Cot. Gamble as so the doings of the major memboers of the booed, sehich be had coas-oyod to Blosbam. The information coos-eyed by these dis- patches ondoucod Blosham to apply to judge White, of she Ses-ond judicial Ciecait, foe an injuoncsion eestraining the booed from farthes-caocass uoiltshe fueshee oedee of the cout. The judge seas holding c-ooet intt he city of Montis-ello, aboot thirty mites aseay, aod itook ootil the nest daytoteceive the injunctiosn. Dyke, notha-ing heaed from Cot. Gamble foo some time, u-tote a oe his-b ho shov-ed ondee the dooe, ueginf him to detaiu the booed as long as possible, either by mahing motions, debat- ing, convstation, oe anything to hilt time until the injunction shoold artist. This dispatch felt int0 the u-roof hands, as Gibbs weasthe first to seetit, read itoond then potit iooahook in his office. Gamble seot ootsidestosary another dispatch, then Dyke inquieed sehether he had res-ived she ooe shooed onderethe door. He answ-eeedno, andeoshedackhioothe office and askedu-ho had receiv-ed it. Meekseaotedtohknou-if Gamble imposed the stealing of the nose to him, sehen Gibbs told him that he had piched op a note and laid it in a hook. Gamble got very sethy aboot the mutter, bus Gibbs informed him that he thotught the oote seas of no consequence. The injunc-tion seas eseived the next day, the 3oth, and seas duly sersedonoalltheomemberstofthe boaed,and the board inoafewe days afterwaeds adjouened until the 26th day of Decemher. Wheo the iojusnction seas served on the booed the ring foe a time thooght-all seas lost. The hoaed began to realize the fact that Blobamn seas elected, hut the riog has-hog the United States Court in theirhands tallied againand assured the membees of the booed that W~hite shoald he arrested fue issuing the insjunc- tion, aod begged them to remain faithful aod steadfast. Moth failed to he comforted by these promises of security, and he resigned his positidn as Attoeney-General on the day of the adjournment of the booed to the 26h day of Decembee. White seas arrested and carried before the Unied Stats Cort, cssed  CARPETBAG RULE IN FLORIDA. 137 CARPET13AG RULE IN FLORIDA. 137 CARPETBAG RULE IN FLORIDA. 137 with havittg violated the lawes of the tUnited Statet, and weas kept under bond ontil the fraudolent ooont htd beeo commutitted, and not then disoharged. The ring was detertnined to have tomte oRE tehotm they oold control appointed Attorney-Generaloand opon tehom they couldely incarrying outthe fraudlent count, as the fraod teat so glaring that itstook atman ofgeat nere to fooe the msc Theyweeenot long in finding thot tman. Major Shertmao Conant, teho 01 that timne waE one of the leoders of the ring, Rat setected to do the conting. Governor Reed not intitted upon to Robe this appointmtent, tehich he for tome time eefused to do; hot theering gavehim tonunderstand thatCnant oldeign as sooR as the canvass ROB made, soasttotlet him appointaatman of his owE choice en fill thit impoetant potition. The Governor mode the appointmentasteequested by the leadees of the ring and party, at it ROB thet consttituted, ond the only thing the eing then feaeed was thnt Gibbs might faltee. The interval between the timue at tehich the injunction teas seeved and the adjornment to the a6th nf Decembee wastvery interesting indeed to thettmembersof theeing. Evey night they metand diootsed the question at to hoR to mohe this fraudulent enunt a succets. it Rat tnggested that Blonham Right go hefoee the Snpee Couet and compel an honest cont by mandamus, Rhich all ageeed might he dune. ItRwas alto soggetted that the eetoent conid be taken feots the nficoe of the Seceetary of State and the Goveenor's office and destroyed, ifethosenofficeesswould aowR that they bad heen stoletn; hot this plan teat thought to be mnen- pedient. It Rat finally afiteed that teben the hoaed adjooened it shoold adjoun to the Cheistmas Reek, at Rhich time the Supeeme Couetouald Rot he got togethee, Rnd it teold be neae the meeting nf the Legislatuee, and that hody woold then be called opon at accessory aftee the fact to give effect to the crime nf conting ot men teho had beeR legally elected. The plan Rastonly known to afeR, and operated like clckmoek. Thehboard met, as ageeed, oR the a7th of Decembee, Rith the neR Attoeney-General and all the memhers of the boaed pttsent. Conant and Gibbs, afterethehboard Had heen called to nrdee,swithdewsfeom the Secretary's office, leaving the unsus- pecting Gamble to await theieeretuen. It Rat charged that they teith having violated the tans of the United Sitates, and teas kept ondeehbond ontil the feaodulent count bad been committed, and was then dischaeged. The einsg teas deteemined to have tome one tehom they could conteol appointed Attorney-General andoupon whom they coulderely inocarryingnoutthe faudlent count, as the fraud mat tonglaeing that it tonkhaman of geat nereeto face the music. Theytere not long in finding that man. Majoe Sherman Conant, teho as that time teat one of the leodees of the ring, teas selected to do the counting. Governoe Reed wat intisted upon to make skit appointment, tehich he foe tome time refused to do; bot theering gave him to nderstand that Conant woldeign as toon as the canvast teat made, to as to let him appoint aman of his oRE choice to fill Chit impoetant position. The Goveesoe made the appointmentastrequested by the leadeet of the eing and paety, as it teat then constitated, and the only thing the eing then feared wat that Gibbt might faltee. The interval betweeR the time at tehich the injunction teat teeved and the adjouenment tn the a26th nf Decembee mat veey interesting indeed tonthenmembers oftheing. Every night they met and dicusted the question astn hoteto make thit fraodulent count asces It teat suggested that Blonham might go befoee the Sapeeme Coertand compel an honet count by mandamut, wehich all ageeed might be done. It mat alto tuggetted that the returns could he taken from the offioe of the Seceetary of State and the Goveenoe's office and desteoyed, if those officeet would avow that they bad been ttolen; hot this plan teas thought to he inns. pedient. It teat finally ageeed that tehen the boaed adjooened it should adjourn to the Cheittmat meek, at tehich time the Supreme Court could nnt be got togethee, and itteoldhbe neae the meeting of the Legislature, and that body woold theE he calledoupon as accesoyafte the fact togieeffect tothe cime of counting out mea teho had been legally elected. The plan teas only knowE to a fete, and operated like clockwoek. Thehboaed met, as agreeldon the 27th of Decembee, teith the new Attoeney-General and all the memers of the boaed peent. Conant and Gibbs, aftee thehboard had been called to nedee,teithdemfrom the Sieceetarys office, leaving gthe uss pecting Gamble to await their eetuern. It mat charged that they weith haoing violated the lates of the United States, and teas kept under bond until thefeaudulenot coont had been committed, and not then ditchaeged. The ring teat deteemined to boon some ne whom they couldoconteol appointed Attorney-Geneal andoupontehom tey coold rely in carrying out5 the fraodulent count, as the fraud teas songlaringtht it tnokhaman of geat neese to face she mutia. Theymwere sot long in finding that mnan. Major Sherman Conont, who as that time teas one of the leaders of the ring, Rat telected to dothe counting. Governor Reed wat insisted upon to make this appointment, tehinh he foe tome time refused to do; hot the ring gave him toondertand tht Conant oldesign as sonas the catvass teat made, so asto let him appoint aman of his oten choice to fill thit impoetant potition. The Governor made the appointment aserequested by the leadnesofteing and patty, as is mat then constitoted, and the only thinf the ring theE feaeed tens that Gibbs might faltee. The interval between the time at wehich the injunction teat tensed and the adjornment to the a26th of Decembee Rat vtFy interesting indeed to the membees of theeing. Every night they metand discssed the questionasto hoteto make this feaudulent ounB asuces It teas suggetted that Blonham might go before the Supreme Court and compel an honest coont by mandamus, tehich all ageed might he done. It teat alto suggested that the retuens could be token fenom the office of the Secretary of State and the Governoe's nffice and destroyed, if those officees mould avaw that they bad been stolee; hut this plan Ros thought tu be mnen. pedient. It teat finally agreed that wheo the bord adjouened it should adjourn to the Cheistmas teeh, at tehich time the Supeeme Couetouold nnt he got togethee, and it teold he na the meeting of the Legislatue, and that body wosld thes he called spun as accessorey after the fact so give effect to the crime of counting ot men tehn had been legally elected. The plan teas only known to afew, and operated like clockwotk. Theehoard met, at agreed, on the 27th of December, teith the Rem Attorney-General and all the memerse of the boaed pesent. Conatand Gibbs, afteretheboaed had been called tn neder,mwithdewfrom the Siecretary's offine, leaning the unus- peeling Gamble tn await theienretunn. It mat charged that they  138 CARPETAGORULEIN FLOID. tent into the office of the Goecttr, but this neat not tre. When they returned they hod etude the cannvans by theroting out the nine coontien befoto mnentioned, ond decluring Doy and Wolln elected. A certsificate of the result eon carried tofGamble, echo teoc iofoented by theem that there teas a little mtattee they bod fixedoupandnigoed, ond they desieedto get hisigntuoeto it. He loobed at the popes ond to his astonismet itspoeported tobe the resnult of the canvans of theevotetwhichsthey hadmet tomsnoe. He weansed to knoten eandtwhere tbe canvass hod been maode, bot recceived no anstere. He refosed to nign the ceetificote of the result of the canvass etude by theta, hot this avoiled nothing. Dey and Walls wcne declared elected, and the booed udjoorned sne die. Tbe canasn teas etude in uttee dineegard of the injnnction issued by judge White, and said oedee neat eat dissolced until she 28ith, the day often the can- Bloobout, teho had been oatraged, as teell us the people who hod voted foe hint, note filed a petition in the Supsemne Count of the State of Florida foe anulteenativeewrisofeandatscos- pelling the Booed of Caneasseen to reassemtble eed caneans the eotes froem the nine counties wehicb they hod theon ont. R. B. Hilton and S. J. Douglun appeased foe the relaor and J. B. C. Deen foe the respondents. The petition shoseed that 2,582 eotenwee costtiethe eiee coniesit ntentioeed,uand ofnthese eaten Bloohant had received s,63n, wehile 952 nests cost fun Day, shunting a mtajority foe Blonhoet is these counties of 67 cotes. The cute us cuss in the ahole Stute was at follows: Bloohuet, 13,462; Duy, 13,398;lemaclog Bloohoan' mtajority 64. The unsweto the welstneon, Floss, thatsthe cuat had eo poawerte grntehasrionthiscase. Second,thotnthe focs setupase nteesunfficient so sotild the relaton so the relief deetonded. Third, that she relator hod nst punsaed she propersentedy. The Legislatere hod been in session o feet days, ond pend- ing she etandamtus peuceedings, in eas hrought to she ottensin of she coeunt shot the lose which created the State Booed of Con- vunseen had been nepealed by the Leginlature thee in tension. Tbe court'sottenetionewas notcallsdlto the repeal ofthisnactby stns ottorese en tithersidde; bus the lawt repealing she act wset acoidently laid in, front of the Chief jostle (Randall) abilt he 138 cCETAGn UEI Fo~eeLORIDA. went into she office of she Coeror, bus shin as ot tre. Whenotheyreturedsthey hadnmadeheocanas bythroaing out the nine counties befare mentioned, and decing flay and Walls elected. A certiicte of thesresultsaus conerled tofGantble, who asn infornted by them that these was a little mter tbsp had fixedaup andsigned,ondbey deied togetisigatue to it. He loobed us she popes and to hisuastonishmt htpueponted to bebse rseat of the canvass of theatewichbthey hadntet tomakbe. He wanted to knoa ehen and awhere she ecanas had been ntude, but receiced no anse. He refused so sign the certificate of she resolt of she cancass etude by sheet, bat this acailed nothing. Day and Walls asre declared elected, and she booed adjourned ciue die. Tbe canvass was made in utter disregard of the injunction issued by judge White, and said order was not dissolced until the a8sh, the day abtet the can- Bloubuet, aho bad been otraged, an aell on the people who hod coted foe hint, nowa filed a petition in the Supemne Coast of the Stats of Florida foe an alternotive wt of etandamtus coet- Felling she Booed of Canvasserentosanssembhle and cancans the votes front the nine counties ahich they had shrowen ant. R. B. Hiltuon and S. J. Douglas appeased foe the neloton and J. B. C. Drewa foe the respondents. The petition showned shot 2,582 votesterse cant in she aloe counties mentioned, and of these cotes Bloohoam had received 1,630, while 952 aere cast fun Day, showing atmajority foreBlnohatain these counties of 678 cotes. The veas ncast in the whbole State wsea an folluas: Bloohoet, 13,462; Day, 13,398; leaving Blouhatas etajority 64. The ansaweto she askt seas, Finnst, thatsthe coast had no patente grant she eels in this case. Secood, shot she facts see up ee non sufficient to entitle she relator so tbs nelief deetanded. Third, that the nelator had non pusued the proper reetedy. The Leginlature hod been in session a feet days, and pend- ing the tandantes proeedings, it seas bsought so she attention of the court that she Ioaw sehich created the State Bound of Cue- consent had been repealed by she Legislatune then in session. Thtcourt'snatention sntcalledto she repel ofthisnactby the atsorneys on tithes side; ban the lose repealing she ant seas annidently laid in, feent of the Chief justine (Randall) sehile he 138 CARETBAG RULE eN FLOntDA. went into the office of the Governo, bat thin eon not tre. When they returned theyhadnmade the cancass by throwingutn she nine counties hefore mntctionsd, and declaring Day and Walls elected. A certificateof theresult wan cuesrled toflGetble, who eon informted by theta that tere tas a little mtatter they had hoxed upandnigned, and theydsirsdo gethisigateunno it. He loobed at the popes and so bin astonishmntet itnpurported to be she esult of the canvass of the cots ahich they had et toetakbe. He watooed so boe wen and abee the canvass bad beenmade, bat received 00 onswes. He refused to sign the certificate of the result of the cancass etude by theta, bat thin acailed nothiog. Daypaod Walls acese declared elected, aod the booed adjournsd asn d. Tbe canvass eon mtade in antten disregard of the injunction issued by judge White, and said orer was noe dissolvedntil the u8eS, the day afterethbecan- Bionbunt, who had been outsaged, an ell an the Feople who had coned foe hint, now filed a petition in the Supemee Coons of the State of Florida foe on alternatice eels uS mntdoamus comt- yelling the Bound of Caocassers to reassembhle and canvass the voes front the nine coonties which they bad throan oat. R. B. Hilton and S. J. Douglas appeased foe lbsrelator and J. B. C. Dew foe she respodents. The petition showed that 2,582 votesnere cant in the n1ne couanlien entioned, and of these coes Blonhant bad received 1,630, ebile 95 sese cuss foe Day, showiog a majorty tee Bloohoet in these counties of 678 cones. The cuts en cant in the whole State seas an follows: Bloohoet, 13,462; Day, 13,398; leaving Blonboets etajorisy 64. The answerto the wrem eon, First, thatsthe count had no powersto gratotsheewritbtis cas. Second, thatsthe facts set up ee non sufficient to entitle the relasor so the relief demanoded. Thind, that the elator had not punsued the properretandy. The Legislatune had been in session a feet days, and peed- leg the mtandaetas proceedings, is seas broeght to the attenniun of the count that the lose sehich created the State Booed of Can- vassers had bsen sepealed by the Leginlature thee in ssin Tbeecons attention seas not called to the repeal of shin act by lbs attorneys on tithes side; bat the lose repealing she act wsen ancidntly laid in, frot of the Chief justine (Randall) sehils he  CARPETBAG RULE IN FLORIDA. 139 CARPETBAG RULE IN FLORIDA. '39 CARPETBAG RULE IN FLORIDA. '39 and the other jodget tat oo the bench and teree about to deliver an opinion that Bloohata thoold he counted in. It was very singulae that the Chief jastice should take jodicial netice of a pOpUP twbeR he did Rot ktnote tehethee it teat fictitious or genuine, especially tehea it iovolved thle tighto of all the peopte in the State. The coort, after declaeing its aothoeity to granttamwrit of mndatmut directing the Boaed of State Caneastees to ceas- temthleand complete a caneao of theetoens of vetes cast at a State electioo, wehee they hate neglected to maake a cm plete cansos of the eetoent in theie pottession, sAid, " Pendiog the proceedings by mandamus againt the Booed of Canaersee, the Legislature repealed the late creating toeh booed, teithoot saving prceeditgt oc dutiet required hy late to he performeed by them ond oocompleted. Held: That the powercofthehboard topoceedmwao gone, and thereforeethe pro- ceedings against them wece dismisoed." See s3th Florida Repocts, P. 55. This act of the Legislatore teas ecy qoietly and cautioslycengieerecdthroughwithout being eensutpeted on the part of the Dlemocrats. Tbecounting outof Booham and Nihlack made Conant verypopolarcamoeg the membersof the ringand heteas aftee- matrdt appointed United States MacthaI foc Flocida.' Gibbs received no credit from the ring, as the pact he played in the mat. tee mat looked opon at being compolorey. Thot the legitlatice hranch of the government, intead of being the goacdiao of poeity of the ballot boo, teat made the only loophole through tehich this fpaod eoold etcape to high places. Thc meeting of the Legislatue of x871 teat conspicous foc nothing eocept the election of a corropt Chief Clerk sf the Senate-the notoeioos Joseph Bowes, peofeosed ballot-boo otoffec; completing the Blonhamn fraod; and the outting of Democeatie membees teho had been legally elected. There teasnoentue at impeachment, foe the reason of the tceaty of peace milk reference to the coonting out of Sloxham. The Governor's message teat devoted chiefly to the finances of the State, but the Legislatoretrefosed to accept any measoe recommended by the Goeenop, and aftee a sestion of tmrnty days it adjourned osn die. and the otherejudges sat on the beoch and were about to deliver an opinion that Bloohamn shoold be coonted in. Itmwatery singolac that the Chief juttice shoold take jodicial notice of a papee tehen he did not know whether it teat fictitioos or genuine, esptcially tehen it iotvolved the eights of all the people in the State. The court, after declaring its aothoity to grant atwritof maodamos diceceing the Booed of State Caneassect to reas- temble ad complete a canaso of the returnt ofvtescast at a State election, tehee they have neglected to make a cm pletecnvass of the retoeno in their possession, sAid, " Peodiog the proceedings by mandomutagainst theBoard of Canvastcets, the Legislatoe repealed the late creating soch board, mithoot saving peoceedings oe duties reqoired by late to be performed by them ond oncompleted. Held: That the pomee ofthehboardto prceedmwas goneand thereforeethepro- ceediogt against them were dismisoed." See t3th Floeida Repocts, P. 55. This act of the Legiolature moo ery qoietly andecautiouoly engineered throoghtwithoothbeing eenuspeted on the poet of the Democeats. The coontingotof Slosham and Niblack made Conant very popolar among thememberstof the ring, and heteastafte- macdo appointed United Stotcs Marthat foe Florida: Gibbs received Do credit from the eieg, at the paetkheplayed in the mal- let mat looked opon as beiog compolsocy. Thos the lrgiolative branch of the goernment, intead of being eke guaedian of purity of the ballot hox, teas made the only loophole throogh tehich this fraod coold escape to high places. The meeting of she Legislatore of st7s teas conspicoous foe nothing except the election of a coroupt Chief Clerk nf the Senate-the snotorioos Joseph Bomes, professedhballot-boo toffec; completing the Blonham feaod; and the ousting of DemocratiE membees teho had been legally elected. There teas no venture at impeachment, foe the ceason of the teaty of peaee milk reference to the counting out of Blosham. The Goveenor's message teas devoted chiefly to the finanees of the State, but the Legislatureceefuted to accept any measure recommended by the Governor, and after ascotsion of tmenty days it adjourned sinse d&e. and theotherejodges sat onothe bench andmwerecabout to delier an opinion that Bloobamn shoold he counted in. tteas very singulac that the Chief justice should take judicial notice of a payee mhen he did not bom whether it teas fictitious oe genuine, especially tehen it involved thle tights of all the people in the Scale. The court, aftee declaring its authority to grant a teit of mandamus directieg the Board of Stole Canvameet to eas- semble and complete a canvass of the returns ofevotes cast at a State election, wehee they hoe neglected to make a com- plete caeass of eke eetorns in theie possession, sAid, " Pending the peoceediogs by mandamus against the Board of Canvassees, the Legislature repealed the lam creating ouch board, wthout savintgproceedings oredutieserequired by lawto he peeformed by them und uncompleted. Held: That the poweeeof the boaed to proceeda gone, and thereforeethe pro- ceedings against them were dismissed.' See 13th Florida Reports, P t5. This act of the Legislatue teas very quietly and cautiously engineered throughtwithout bing even sospected en the poet of the Democrats. The counting out offiloohamn and Niblack made Conant erey populac amoog the members of the ring, and he teas after- mards appointed United States Marshal for Flotida: Gibbs received no credit from the ring, as the pact he played in the mat- tee teas looked upon as being compulsory. Thos the legislative beanch of the goernment, instead of being the guardian of pucity of the ballot boo, teas made the only loophole theough mhich this fraud could escape to high places. The meeting of the Leglislatue Of s871 teas conspicuous foe nothing except the election of a corcupt Chief Clerk sf the Senate-the notorious Joseph Bomes, professedhballot-bos stuffer; campleting the Slooham feaud; and the ousting of Democratie members teho had been legally eleced. There teas no ventue at impeachment, foc the reason of the treaty of peace teith reference In the counting out of Blooham. The Goernor's message teas deeoted chiefly to the finances of the StaB, bat the Legislature refused to aceept any measure recommended by the Governor, and after a sessionnof tmenty days it adjourned oise de.   CHAPTER XII. The Meetintg of the Legislature of r872. .Rntractsfrom the Gov- eros Aossage. Cor-r-afoissHutingp and Instgat. ing Charges of Corrup/tion. The Blue erp Tansaction. Colored Memnbers D enning Corruaption. Imenpachent of Governor Reed. Yhe First Ar/ides of Impeachent. Thke Senate Takers Orde, and Day Assueso the Oft~e of Gonernr. The Assaeby Withdraes Areles Fit aend Sixth and Pre- sents Others. The Asseemby Asking/or Fuarthor 2fe toh Prose- cute the Ie//eachhrnt. The High Court of Imtpeachenst Re/noes to Geanrt Frthee Tie, antd Adjounr-s. The Coentr- tirn a/the Cospiratr. The Legislature met on the second day of January, 1872, and the Assemhly, after electintg its officers, infoemed the Semnate of its organization, and the Senare sent the same information to she Assemhly. Hamilton Jay, who sa thea cleeh for S. B. Conover, State Treasurer, was elected chief clerk of the Assem- hly. Mr. Jay weas a fresh carpet-hugger from the North, who had not tasted to any grratrextrntthr pap of the State, and he had nor hero in the State lung enough to registr. The 'tending carpet-haggrs from all pars of she Statr nere on hand in fall force, and it man evidrnt that somrthing important regarding the interests of the ring was to he accomplished. P. A. Dncheay, who, from the first, had heen Oshorn's mosractiveragentin allterefforts to oeride or remove Gov- ernorRed, and who had henrewardedswith the appointment afocollector of the poet of Jacksonville, name fresh from Wnshing- ton and made demand fur the appointment of Attorney-General, then temporarily hrld by J. B. C. Drem, a nan-resident carpet- bagger, from Wisconsin. Dem drmhnded that hit nominatian foe the position should hr sent to the Senate. Dennis demanded the removal of all the county officers of Alachua and the nppointment of W. K. Cessna as County judge, wilk other car- euptionists foe the balance. W. J. Putman demnnded the removeal af all the conty officers of Jackson conty and the CHAPTER XII. The Meeting of the Legislatnre of r872. Rctracto/r-am the Gov- ernor's Message. Corr-cptiocists Hansing oup and Inesttjat- ssg Chsrgess/fCrriptin. The Blue Saerp Transactioc. Ca/ared Memters Dennintg Corrupiftios. Impeachment of Giovernor Road. The First Articles of Impeachment. The Senate Takas Order, send Day Asrscmea the 0.floe of Goernor. The Assembty Withdraws Articles Fifth and Sixth and Pr- sents Others. Thte Assemly Asking/sr Farther Time to Prose- onte the Iespoaohment. The Htigh Court of Impeachent Rfuses to Grant Further Time, and Adjonrns. The Coctri- tion of the Consptirator. The Legislature met on the second day of January, x872, and tke Assembly, afterelectingits officers, informed the Senate ofits organizain, andtherSenatsentthe same informationeto the Assembly. Hamilton Jay, who was then clerk foe S. B. Conovr, State Teasurer, mascelected chief clerk at the Assem- bly. Me. Jay wan a fresh carpet-baggr from the North, who had not tasted to any greatcenet the pap of thefState, and he had not bern in the State lung enough to register. The'leading carpet-baggers from all parts of the State mere on hand in fall force, and it was ecident that something important regarding the interests of the ring was to hr accompl iuhed. P. A. Dochnay, who, from the finst, had hen Osborn's most active agentin all the efforts to override or remove Gan- eroor Reed, and who hadhbeenrewardedmwith the appointment of collector of the poet of Jacksonville, came fresh from Washing. ton and maderdemand forrtheappointmentsof Attorney-General, then temporarily held by J. B. C. Dem, a non-resident carpet. bagger, from Wisconsin. Dem deminded that his nomination for the pusitionoshould besenltutohefenate. Dennis demanded the removal of all the county officers at Alachua and the appontment of W. K. Cessna as County judge, milk other car- eaptiuniass foe the balance. W. J. Putman demanded the removal of all the county officers at Jackson conty and the CHAPTER XII. The Mafeting of the Legislature of r872. Roctracts/rom the Gon- ernor's Mfessage. Corritiftisst Husting off and Inestigcat- ing Char-ges of Csrrtspion. The Bl/uo Scrit Trnacion. Cslorod Mmboe Denoncing Csrrptson. Imp~feachment of Gonernar Reed. The First Artices of Icteachent. Thze Sanate Takes Order, and Day Assues the Oftle of Gonernor. The Assemblty Wtithdrawso Artictes Fiftk and Sixth and Pre- sents Others. The Assemby Asking/or Frthor l2Tme to Prose- cute tke mpeachment. The Hkh Court of lnipeachmcent Refuses to Orant Farther Time, and Adjourns. The Contei- ion of the Concsjtiraors. The Legisloare mel on the second day of January, 1872a, and the Assemhly, atsee electing its officers, informed the Senate of its organization, and she Senate sent the came information to the Assemhly. Hamilton Jay, who was then clerk for S. B. Conover, State Treasurer, wan elected chief clerk of the Assem- bly. Me. Jay was a fresh carpet-baggr from the North, who hadonotlutastdto any greattentthe pap of thefState, and he had nor hero in the State long enough to register. The 'leading carpet-huggers from all parts of the State were on hand in fall force, and it was ecident that something important regardiog the interects of the sing mas to he accomplished. F. A. Dochray, who, from the first, had been Osborn's most activeragentlinallsthe efforts to ocrerride or remoe Gon- ernor Reed, andwhokhad heen rewareddwith the appointment of collector of the purl of Jacksonvill, came fresh from Washing. ton and made demand fur the appointment of Attorney-General, then temporarily held by J. B. C. Dem, a non-resident carpet- bagger, from Wisconsin. Drew deminded that his nomination for the position should he sent to the Senate. Dennis demanded the removal of all the cunty officers of Alachua and the appointment of W. K. Cessna as Coanty judge, milk other car- roptiunists for the balance. W. J. Putman demanded the removal of all the county officers at Jackson ounty and the  142 CARPETBAG RULE IN FLORIDA. appointment of non-residents. All these demonds sere mode opon the Goernor under threat of impeacthment if not complied with; andmwhenDenniserepeated his demand and peeseoted his alternative, the Governor is reported to so for hove foegotten his chuech feltyas toereply: " Impeach ond he d-d. Itoshno faoos of yoo oe any of Oshorn'scoerupt ceowd." These foop tomhined immediately plosned the sospeooion of Goveeeor Reed, the installation of Lieuteoaot-Goveenoe Doy, the issue of two millioos more of railrood honds to Littlefield, one quarer of which won to ho divided among memhees of the Lefislturoe and the eemainder disteihuted among the conspirtos. Docheay and Deew furnished the enidence foe the committee sitting insert made the report, hosed op on nswoen andounfoonded testimony, Cessna, the tool of Dennis, from Alachoa county, won the willing instromentoto inteodoce the eesolution, ond Steaeos, the Soeveyoe- General and Speaher; Jenkins, the clerk of the Hoose and afterwards defaulting Collentoe of Inteenal Revenue; l'oemoo, the United Stotes Assessor of Inteenal Resenuoe; W~entworth, United States Marshot, then a defalter foe money osed in the prenioos attempt to depose the Governoe, holdieg seats and hon- ing conteol of the Senate under Oshorn, were relied opon after suspending theGovereor, to preentatrialoreven an examina- tion of the testimony. When the plan was all ready foe execotion the committee met, received the testimonyoand report preparedhbyDochtayoand adopted them. Stearoo called tofethee oil the mote ignorant and prejodiced of the colored Assemhlymen, pledging them to vote the Rent moring foe a resolation of impeachment, assoring them that it would he peoved that the Goeernor had appropriated the puhlic funds, etc. Gillist, a Southeen loyalist, ferin Putnam county, holding from Governor Reed the appointment of County judge, was secoeed hy peomise of the position of Circuit judge for she Foueth Ciecuit; Dohes, Democratic Astemhlyman, feom Columhia, was enlisted hy the promise of a laege share of the new hands, of which, as chaieman of the Raileoad Commit- tee, he hod eecommended the issue. At nine o'clock at night twenty-foot Repuhlican Assemhly- men were sworn hy Stearns to note for a eesolution of impeach. meet, to he repoeted at the opening ofthe session neat marning. 142 CAR PETBAG RULEINFODA appointment ofonon-esidents. All these demands were made upon the CGoneenore onder threat of impeachment if not complied with; and when Dennis repeated his demand and peesented his alternative, the Gonernor is reported to so foe hone foegotten his church fealtyas toereply~ :"1Impeach and he d-d. Itash no favors of you or any of Oshorn'scorruptcrownd." These four comhined immediately planned the suspension of Goneenor Reed, the installation of Lieutenant-Governor Day, the issue of two millions mote of eailead hoods to Littlefield, one quaetee of which was to he divided among memhees of the Legislatoee and the remainder distrihoted among the conspieators. Docheay and Drew farnished the evidence foe the committee sitting inesecet, made the report, hosed op on ns woes and unfondedetestimny. Cessna, the tool of Dennis, from Alachuaocoonty, was the willing instrument to introduce theeresolution, andStearns, the Sureyor- General and Speaker; Jenkins, the cleek of the House and afteewards defaulting Collector of Inenal Renenoe; Poeman, the United States Astoessat of Ieternal Revnue; Wentworth, United States Maeshal, then a defooltee foe money used in the preniosoattempt to depose the Governor, holding seats and hon- ing contrnt of the Senate ondee Dshoen, were relied opon aftee suspending the Goernor, to prescnta tialoreena xaia tion of the testimony. When the plan was alt ready foe execotion the committee met, receinedethe testimoyoandereport preparedhbyDockeay and adopted them. Steaerns called togethee all the moee ignerant and peejodiced of the coloeed Assemhlymen, pledging them en note the next moening foe atresolotion of impeachment, assueing them that it would he proved that tht Gonernor hod appropeiated the pohlic fands, etc. Gillist, a Southern loyalist, feom Potnam county, holding feom Gonernor Reed the appointment of County judge, was secured hy peomise of the position of Circuit judge for the Foerth Ciecuit; Dukes, Democeatic Assemhlyman, feom Columhia, was enlisted hy the peomise of a laege share of the new hands, of which, an chaieman of the Raileoad Commit- tee, he had eecommended the issoe. At nine o'clock at nifgho twenty-fooe Repuhlican Assembly- men were sworn hy Stearns to note foe a resolution of impeuch- meet, to he eepoeted at the opening of the session neat moening. 142 CARPETBAG RULE ttN FLORIDA. appointment of non-residents. All these demands mere made upon the Gonernor undee theeat of impeachment if not complied with; and when Denniserepeated his demand and peesented his alternatine, the Gonernor is repoeted to so foe hane fongotten his church fealty astoeeply : " Impeach and he d-d. Itaskno favors of you ot any of Dshboen's coeerupt ceowd." These foot comhined immediately planned the sospension of Goveeoe Reed, the installation of Lieutenant-Gonernor Day, the issue of tswo millions moee of eaileoad hoods to Littlefield, one quartee of which was to he dinided among memhees of the Legislatoe and tetremainderedisteihutedamong the cospitos. Dockeay and Dem foenished the evidence foe the committee sitting in seceet, made the repoet, hosed uo OR swon andufounded testimony. Cessna, the tool of Dennis, feom Alachua county, not the nilling instrument tointoduce the eesolotion, and Stearns, the Sorneyoe- General and Speakee; Jenkins, the clerk of the Hottse and afteewards defaolting Collectoe of Inteenal Renenoe; Porman, the United Staten Assessoe of Internal Revnoe; Wentwoeth, United Staten Marshal, then a defaultee foe money osed in the penious attempt to depose the Goneenoe, holding seats and hon- ing conteol of the Senate undee Osbhn, mere etied upon aftee suspending theGoerore, to present atialorenanxmi- tin of the testimony. When the plan man all eeady foe execution the committee met, received theltestimony and report preparedhbyDockray and adopted them. Stearno called togethee all the inne ignerant and peejodiced of tht coloeed Assemhlymen, pledging them so note tht nest moening foe a resolutin of impeachment, asueing them that it would he penned that the Goveenor had appeopeiated the puhlic funds, etc. Gillist, a Southeen loyalist, feom Putnam county, holding feom Goneeoe Reed the appointment nf County judge, was secured hy promise of the position of Ciecoit judge foe the Forth Ciecuit; Dokes, Democeatic Assemhlyman, feom Columhia, was enlisted hy the peomise of a large share of the new hands, of which, as ohairman of the Raileoad Commit- tee, he had recommended the issue. At nine o'clock at night twenty-four Repuhlican Assemhly- men were swornhbySteaenstonvote fo aeoltion of impeach- meet, to he eepored at the opening of the session Real morning.  CARPETBAG RULE IN FLORIDA. 143 CARPETBAG RULE IN FLORIDA. '43 CARPETBAG RULE IN FLORIDA. '43 Thin done, es-Goveroor Walker wsa waited npon by Steams twith a proposition that if he could furnish seventeen Demtooratic soembhers to vote foe a tesolotion of imnpeaochment, the Governor woold be saspended the next doy. Goceetor Walker itmtedi- ately secured a caocosof the Detmocoas, and induced thetm to resciod a restolotion alreedy adopted, pledging that they woutd absaio from farther attempts to embhareass tbe Governar, and agree to vote foeaeresoltionaofirmpeacbment theneot moening. The Serst advice the Governor bad of therosuammation seas from a Democratic memsbefromOrange Countyswho wenttote eecutive office atnine o'clockand iformoed him that at eleven o'clock the night before be had heeo catted from his bed to meet Govrnor Walhec io caacas, aod that he had induced the major- ity to "go hack" oo their precious action and Tote a resolation of hopeachmrnt, aod white he seas thus rngaged, be seas sum- monordhbytherSrgat-at-Acossooderracall of thelHausrrtovote ooa qustioo of ipeachmoent. Being thas adcised that be woold hr immediately susprnded, srith no chaocr for invrstiga- tion or trial, thr Gocrrnor immcdiarty askrd friendly Seoators an adjoarnmrot of the Senate ustil Msonday, that bring Friday, whbich wsa accordrd, and the Gocernor immediately prepared to vacate the Eoecative office aod retan to his farmat Jakson- ville to auaitsesalts. Therfirst sigoal ofuwar against the admin- istration weas the followeing resolutioo, offered by oar of the lead- isg members of thering haom Alachua County, W. K. Cessna; WREERGOS, There arermany and geave chargesafloat asto the mal-apprupriatiun of tke proceeds of the bosds issard by the Stateto aid in theconstruction of theJ., P. & M. Railroad, and that the chart er oreating the company in charge of said road has not been complied writh, either in spirit or letter; and that gross frauds have been committed apon the State; therefore, Resolved, fieet, That a committee of five be appointed by the Spraker, wrhose duty it shalt he to thoroughly and vigorously investigate the acts and doinsoofthe J., P. & M. Railroad Com- pany, and also that of the State officials io connection therewith, ineeyparticular where the Stateis apaty in intrest, with a view to a speedy and vigoroos prosecution of all offenders. Reselred, secend, That the said commitee shall, seith their report, recommend such measures for thr action of the Legisla- tare astwillicorect existing ecils, and prevenlloss to the State, .and guard, as far as may be, againstnsimilar rascalites in the future. This door, ro-Govrnor Walker seas waited opon by Steams wsith apropasition thatif hecoold furish seenteen Democratic members so sate for a resolation of impeachment, the Gosvernor woold he suspended the next day. Governor Walker immedi- atrly srcurrd a caacus of the Democrats, and induced them to rescind a resolatioo already adapted, pledging that they would abstain from further attempts to embarrass the Gosvernor, and agree to vote for a resolution of impeachment the sect morning. The first adrice the Gavernor had of the econsammation seas from a Democratic membr from Orange Coasty who went to the executivr office atrnineoclock and informed him that atrleven o'clack the night before he had hers called from his bed to meet Governor Walker in caacus, and that hr had induced she major- isy so "go hack" on their previous action and rote a resolutin af imprachment, and wehilr be weas thos eogaged, he seas sam- moned by the Sreaot-at-Aems under a call of the Heouse to rate ona qsion ofimpachmeot. Beinsg thos adcised that hr woald be immediatrly saspeoded, with no chance foe investiga- tion or trial, the Governor immediately asked friendly Srnators an adjournment of thr Senate until Mooday, that being Friday, which was accored, and the Gocernaar imediately prepared to vacate thr Eoecative office aod return to kisfarm at Jackson-. villertoawait resalts. The first signal ofwareagaistthe admin- istrationseas the folloseing rsolsion, offered hy one of the lead- ing membresofthe ring from Alachuonty, W. K. Cessna: WHEREAS, There are many and grare chargesafloat as to the mal-appeopriatios of the proceeds of the bonds issued by the State to aid is the constructiotn of the J., P. & M. Railroad, and that the charter creatinsgthe company in charge of said raad has not been complied with, either is spirit or letter; and that gross frauds hate been committed uou the Sitate; therefore, Reaolced, firet, That a committee of five be appointed by the Speaker, whose duty is shall be to thoroughly asd rigorously investigate the acts and doings of the J., P. &f M. Railroad Com- pany, and also that of the State officials in connection thereith, in every particular where the State is a party in interest, with a view to asperdy and vigorouts prosecotion of all offenders. Reselved, eeert That the said committee shall, with their report, recommend sock measures for the action of the Legisla- ture asswill correctroxistingrevils, and prevent loss tothe State, and guard, as far as may be, against similarerascalites in the foture. This donr, es-Governor Walker was waited opon by Srearns with a proposition that if hr coold furnish seventeen Democratic members so vote fur a resoution of impeachment, the Governor would he suspended the nest day. Governor Walker immedi- ately secared a caucas of the Democrats, and isduced themto rescind a resolution already adapted, pledging shot thry would abstain from further attempts to embarrass the Governor, and agree to vote for a resolation of impeachment the next morning. The first advice Ike Gocernor bad of the consummation was from a Demacratic member from Orange Coanty who west to the oxectiverafficeatrniseo'clockad iformed him that at eleven o'cloch the night before he had bren called from his bed to meet Govrnor Walkr in caucas, and that he bad iodoced the major- ity to ' go back" oo their previous action and vote a resolution of impeachment, and whilr hr wsea thas engaged, hr wsea sum- monedhby the Sergratt-atArms under acall of tbsHoaseto vote ona qetion ofimpeachment. Being thas advised that he woald hr immediately sasprnded, with ntochance for investiga- tion or trial, the Governor immediately asked friendly Senators an adjournment of the Senate until Monday, that being Friday, which was accorded, and the Governor immediately prepared to vacate the Eoecative office and return to his farm at Jackson- villeto aoait resolts. The frst signal of waragaiost theadmin- istration was the following resalation, offered by one of the lead- ing members of the ring fram Alaohaa Cunty, W. K. Cessna: Wonnnas, There are many and grave chargesafloatas to the mal-appropristios of the proceeds of the bonds issued by the Staterto aid in the constructiont of the J., P. & M. Railroad, and that the charter creating the company in charge of said road bar not been complied with, either in spirit or letter; snd that gross fraads have bren committed opon the Sitate; therefore, Reeolved, first, That a committer of five be appointed by the Speaker, whose daty it shall he to thoroughly ansd vigorously investigate the acts and doings of therJ., P. & M. Railroad Com- pany, aod also that of the State officials is connection therewith in every particular where the State is a party in intrest, with a view to a speedy and vigoroussprosecution of all offenders. .Resolred, secod, That the said committee shall, with their report, recommend such measures for the action of the Legisla- ture asswill corrrct eisting evils, and prevent loss to theftate, and guard, as far as may be, against similar rascalites in the fature.  144 CARPETBAG RULE INI FLORIDA. Roit'd, third, Thatethe said commtittee shall hose power tousend farpersonssand papers, to employ assistancre, atsdto do inathe pemises whatever elsettmay befound necessaryto a com- plete and successful elacidation asd eshihition of the case, repoeting daily all expenses iscorred to this Assemohly. _Rtovivtdforrt, That the said committee shall tepott their progress wreehly. These resolutioss tere suhseqoestly refereed to a committee appoisted at the last regal ar sessison to investigate the acts ad doings of the said company. The two Houses met in joint sesion ont the secord day of the session to receive the Govrre's annual message. The Governoe came forward at the appointed time and delicered his message, wrhichs was pronounced hy all tohbe very ahleand inter- erring. He said: GNTLEENa Or THE LESTURE:u For the lastrtime duriog my official term have I the honor to meet you in session, to derliver my annual address as Chief Executive of the State; and wohile, since yoo last assemhled, the Stae has passedarseason of severe trialhbylood andtrm, yet, on the mhole, it has hept a steady pare onward is popula- sion and in civil, political and industrial development. Among the renonsteocted Stales of the Sooth nonestarted upon a more testy consersaticehbasis than Florida, and none have progressednmore soccessfully inthe scalenofsocial, political and indnstrial impr, ement. Floridan pon the whole, may be said to thove heen dis- tinguished among the Southern States foe genral peace and quiet and ohedience In lass, notwithstanding reports to the contrary which hare prevailed, much In the detriment of the State. Still disturhances, hreaches of the peace, infructions of the law, and scenes of fatal and disgracrful violence have occurred in many localities within oar borders. This I have attempted In correct hy the exercise of all the power rested in mehby the Constitution, and hy the use of all the meant hestowed for that purpore hy the Legislature. But at timer all efforts have failed, and all the means at my command have seemed to he ineffective. It in true that these same localities, heing, to all intents, horder sections, have frum time immemorial hera the resorts of laweless and reckrless men, and in same uf them, at in earlier periods of the existence of the Western and Southwestern ,Reuatd, thied, That.the raid committee shall hare power to sendifor persons and papers,ato employ assistance, andto do in the premisesnwhatevreelse mayhbefound necessaryrtoa com- plete and successfat elucidation and exhihition of the case, reporting daily all espenses incurred to this Assemhly. Rtsoaiedfaartd, That the said committee shall report their progress wreehly. These resolutions were subsequently referred to a committee appointed at the last regular session to investigate the acts and doings of the said company. The two H oases met in joint sessi~on on the second day of the sessioa toureceire the Governor's annual message. The Gorernor came forweard at the appointed time anad delivred his message, which ws proaouaced hy all to he very ahleand iter- esting. He said: GENnrnTnEME Or TaE LEGISLATURE: For the last time during my offirial termhas'e I the honr to meet you in sessioa, to deliver my annual address as Chief Executive of the State; and while, since you last assemhled, the Stae haspassed aseasonnof severe trial by flood and strum, yet, on the whole, it has kept a steady pace onward is popula- tiun and in civil, political aad industrial development. Among rhe reconstructed States of the South none started upon a more truly coaservaticehbasis thaa Florida, and none hove progressed more successfully inrthescaleof social, political and industrial impec ement. Florida, upon the whole, may he said to hare heen dis- tinguished amoag the Southern Slates for genrat peace and quiet and ohediencerto lam, notwithstanding reports to the cantrary which have prevailed, muchrtothe detriment of the State. Still disturhances, hreaches of the peace, infrartinns of the law, and scenes of fatal and disgraceful violence have occurred in many localities within our horders. This I hare attempted to correct hy the exercise of all the power vented in me hy the Constitution, and hy the use of all the meaans hestoued fur that purpose hy the Legislature. But at times all efforts hare failed, and all the means at my command hare seemed to he ineffective. It is true that these name localities, breing' to all intents, harder sections, hare from time immemorial heem the resorts of lawless and reckless men, and in sme of them, as in earlier periods of the existence of the Western and Southwestern 144 CARnETBAG RULE to FLORIDA. Reolvred, third, Thurthe said committee shall hace power to send fur ersons and papes, In employ assistance, andrtodo inthe premses whatevereelse mayhbefound necessaryto a com- plete and successful elucidation and exhihition of the case, reporing daily all expenses incurred to this Assemhly. Reuoiredfeuetd, That the Said committee shall report their progress weekrly. These resolutions were suhsequently referred to a committee appointed at the last regotlor senssion to inrestigate the acts and doings of the said company. The two Houses met in joint session on the second day of the session toureceive the Governor's annual message. The Govrnor came forward at the appointed time and delivred his message, which wan pronounced hy all to he very ahle and inter. esting. Hersaid: GNTLEMEN Or THE LEGISLATURE! For the last time daring my official term hare I the honor so meet you in session, to delicer my annual address as Chief Executive of the State; and while, since you last assemhled, the State has passeduaseason ofseveeetrialhbyflood and storm, yet, on the whole, it has kept a steady pace onwaed in popula- tion and in civil, political and industrial development. Among the reconstructed States of the South nnrstaeted upon a more truly consercativehbasis than Florida, and none hace progressed moresuccessfully in thenscalefscial, political and industrial impel -ement. Florida, upon the whole, may he said to have heen dis- tinguished among the Southern Staten for general peace and quiet and ohedience to law, notwithstanding refuels to the conrary which hare prevailed, much to the detriment of the State. Still distrbances, hreaches of the peace, infractions of the law, and scenes of fatal and disgraceful violence hare occurred in many loealities within our horders. This I hare attempted to correct try the euercire of all the power rented in me hy the Constitution, and try the use of all the means hestowed fur that purpose hy the Legislature. But at times all efforts have failed, and all the means atrmy command have seemed to he ineffective. It in true ttrat these sme localities, being, In all intents, border sections, have from time immemorial heem the rensorts of lawless and reckrless men, and in some of them, an in earlier periods of the enistence of the Western and Southwestern  CARPETBAG RULE IN FLORIDA. 145 States, the late of judge Lynch and the "Regulators" for ygaen hefore the twat, had been the only code of moch efficacy. I had hoped heter resuolts fromt the reoeganization of goovern- teent oodee Repuhlican aespieces; hot the hitteonesretolting fromo the oar, the Roxious teachings of disappointed and defeated political oppooets, assited hy the occasional lach of dsceon on the pact of injudicioos political frends, succeeded foe a lontg tiein totting at naught the advice anad the efforts of the hetter mnof all clatsct, uotil improvement at ties teemeed to he hope. lest; andlI hate heen steongly and forcihly urged to the declara- tion of smaetial low. Bat looking upon the sospension of the civil lawe at an expttitoent alwayt follofdanget and entirelypoppoted toall the principles of ftet popular goernment, I have hetitated and refsed to tahe ateptofaught with manifold dangersexcept at theereylastestot,even attheis of incring the enmity and hospitality of mp awn political friends. And tehile my heart hat hled foe the violence and toffering inflicted upon the mote helpleselattes of the community, I hate steadily relied uponthe civil lawand the good tense and latent patriotism nf the geneal citizenship. The poe granted me in the detective late of 18l68 teas rendered almosenugaory thoghtherestictions andmwantuof meant imposed, Ifear,hbythe jealosies and personal anttmosi. ties of to-called political frieds; I still have cenestly enadeav- ored, throagh the aid of special detectives, employed as my own expense, to ferret out and being so justice the perpetratoossof violence and crime, fat tehose detection and punishment thte ordinary enforcemntoeofoareciminal laws seemed inadequate. And at last these persisent effortsseem lihelytohecrownoedwith some measure of success. A large amount of useflinformation has thushbeen otained,uand amass oftestioony, the nature and entetnt of tehieh it is improper to disclose till the entice safety of the witnesses it effectually secured, is at my disposal. In the prosecution of this moth, and in the ahsence of the peoper legislative appropriation therefor, I hate, nfl necessity, heen forced to incurlarge expeses, accounts uf tehich will he presented for adjustment at yout presetnt sess ion. Math has heen said within and without the Legislatue ohouteretrenching expenses and anconomical administration of the government. All the mteasures heretofere adupted hate heen, foe moot of completenest, lihe saving us the spigot and losing at the hung. A lew salaries hate horn reduced, and the Constitution CARPETBAG RUE tIN FLORIDA. 145 States, the law of judge Lynch and the "Regulators" for ygars hefoe the was, had heen the only code of much efficacy. I had hopedhbettecc resolts from the reorganization of gottern. toeosaoder Repuhliean auspieces; hut the hi tterness resulting feom the not, the noxous teochings of disappointedoand dfeated political opponents, assisted hy the occasional lach of discretion on the putt of injudicious political friends, succeeded foe a long time in tetsing as naught the advice and the eots of the hetter men of all classes, until improvement at tines seemed to he hope. less; and I hacehbeen strouglyuand forcihly ueged to the decleaa tion of nmartial lute. Bot looking upon the suspension of the civil law as an experiment alnays full uf danger and entirely opposed to all the principlet of free popular goernment, I hone hesitated end refusedtosuhkea stepso frught with manifold dangers, except as theereylass esort, even attheis ofincuring the enmity end hospitality of op own political frieds. And tehile my heart hut hled foe the violence and suffering inflicted upon the moe helpless classes nf the community, I have steadily relied upon the civil law ndthe good sense and latent patriotism nfl the general citizenship. The punts granted me in the detective law of 1868lf was rendeed almostugatory hroughheesticions and wanteof masimposed, Ifear,hbyhe jealousies and peesonal nimosi- ties of so-called political friends; I still hone earnestly endeav- need, through the aid of special detecties, employed at my own eopense, to ferret out and hring so justice the perpeteaorsuof violeuce and crimue, foe whose detection and punishment the oedinary eforcemnt of ourecriminal laws seemed inadequote. And at lust these persistent effoesseem lihely to he crowned with tune measure of success. A lergt amountuffaseful informatioe has thustheeuotaied,ad amassftestimony, the natore and extent of whieh itsis improper so disclose till the entire safety of the wtinesses is effectually secared, is at my disposal. In the prosecutioe of this moth, and in the ahsence of the proper legitlative appropriationetherefo, I hate, of necessity, been foeced to incurlarge expenses, accounts of tehich teill he presented foe adjustmentsatyur present session. Mach has heen said within aed wtihout the Legislature ohbout retrenching expenses and an economical administration of the gouvernment. All the measures heretofore adupted hone been, foe woes of compleateness, lihe toeing at the spigot and losing as the hang. A few salaries hoot heen seduced, and the Constitution CARETBAG RULE IN FRIDntA. 145 Slates, the law of Judge Lynch aed the "Regulators" foe pgoes hefoe the woe, had heen the unly code of much efficacy. I had hoped hetter results from the reorganization of govtern. ment undes Repuhlican auspieces; hut the hitsteness resulting frum the oat, the noxious teachings of disappointed and defeated political opponents, assisted hy the occasional loch of discretiun on the pact of injudicious political friends, succeeded fot a long time iu settieg as naoght the advice and the efforts of the hettee men of all classes, until improvement as sines seemed so he hope. less; andlI hone he en strongly and forcihly urged touthe declara- tioe ef martial law. Bot looking upon the saspensin of the tivil lae as an experiment always full of danger and entirely opposed so all she principles of free popnlar government, I hate hesitated and refased totake astep sofraught with manifold dangersexcept as theoverylastsesort, ecenat thetishof incurig the enmity end hospitality of my own pnlitical frieds. And while my heat has hled fur the vinlence and sufferieg inflieted upon the mute helyleus classes of the community, I havr steadily celled uponethecivil lawandsthe good sense and latent patriotism nfl the general citizenship. The poter granted me in the detective late of 1868f teas rendered almost nugatory theough theeesteitions and wnn of means imcposed, Ifear,hbythe jalusies and personal animosi- ties of so-called political friends; I still hunt earnestly endeav- need, through the aid of special detecties, employed at my own expense, to fereteeout and hrieg to justice the perpetrators of violence and crime, foe tehose detection and punishment the ordinary eeforemeun foureciminl lutes seemed inadequate. And as last these persistetefforts seem likelystoheecrowned with soemeasue of success. A laege amount of useful information has thushbeeneotained, and amassf testimony, the nature and exteet of which it is improper so discluse till the entiee safety of the witnesses is effectually secured, is at my disposal. In the prosecution of this work, und ie the ahsence ef the peopee legislatice appropriation therefor, I hoe, of necessity, heen forcedto incurlarge expenses, accounts of which will he presented for adjustment as pout present session. Moch has heen said within and witheut the Legislature ao ut rtrenching expenses and an economical administeation of the goenment. All the measues heretufore adopted hose heen, foe teant of completeness, like saving at the spigot and losing at the hueg. A fete salarieu hunt heen reduced, and the Coestitutiun  146 CARPETtAG RULE IN FLORIDA. Rnd ga-rnment weakened thereby, while the main sliceways af etragance and waste havre been kept open. This session brings direct instructions from the people chat may not be diseegarded with impunity. The plan hereto- fore adopted by the oppositian of favoring rvepynteasure of enteavagance its ordee that they may hold the dominant party respnnsile for lavishbexpnditre, must nowhbeabandoned or the Reprenentatires will violate their pledgen to their constita- ents. The Repoblican memerscantno longer coctinue reckless, under penaltypof political as well as prnoal con- demnation. Now is the tiose to inaugueate a system of tre peactical economy, and the Legislature shoold begio of its own doors, and thence through all derparments of the govrnmeot. itt Cut off all utrless employes andssprnumocraries and fin the per diem of members and officers upon a cashbbasis according too ahbsitness standard. ad. Re-rise the fre bill andi eqoalize the pay of coooty officers, reduce the fees of clerks of coorts, compel the assess or to make his own rollwhthoutitheadditinal charge, and reduce the percentage for the assessment and collection of the receoue. The sheriffs and county judges' fets are reduced to a proper standard, hot in one of the circuits, at feast, the judge has o-rerroled the law, and the sheriffs charge 5o per ceot. more than the lawalos Ad Require all tarts paid in cash, and thusndo away with the inducements to fraod in speculating in scrip, making false returns, etc., and at the tame time reduce the aggregate expensenof the govrernmoent25 per cent. 4th. Require jurors and witnesses' fees to be adjusted by the countirs. An now tdjusted, there is no protection agai nst doplicate and false certificates. At least 25 per cent. in amount wrouldbe savedbynsettlement of these accounts where they occur, instead of issuing certificates to hr paid by the Comp- troller. The odoption of the amendments to the Constitution, which took effect on s5th May last, has rerduced the salaries of the State officrsso low that thoe howeenoteident at the capital could not comply writh the law of last session and transfer their residence. The combination of speculators and political gam- blers to destroy the credit of the State reduced scrip so low that the headsnof departments receired only equiralent to $loe per annum, and the Glovernor $t,ooo. The judges' pay is at star-ration point, and unfest the conk system is at once adopted it will be impossible to sustain their position. The change in the mode of pay of the members of the legislature from a salary to per diem affords an opportunity for 146 CARPETBAG RULE IN FLORIDA. and gosvenment weakened thereby, while the main sfsiceways of extravagance and waste boor been kept open. This session beings direct instroctions from the people that may not be disregarded with imponity. The plao hereto- fore adopted by the opposition of faoring eoery measure of extravagance i order that they may hold the domioant party responsible for lavish expenditure, must now beobandoned or the Re presetntatioes will tiolate their pledges to their constitu- ents. The Republican metmbers can no longer continue reckless, onder penalty ofoltical as well as personal coo- demnation. Now is the tite to inaugurate a system of trot practical economy, and the Legislatore sboold begin of its own doors, and thence through all departments of the goornmwent. tnt. Cut off all useless emplopes and supernumerariesnaod fin the per diem of members and officers upoo a cash basis according to a basinesst standard. ad. Re-rise the fee bill aod eqoalize the poy of coooty officers, redoce the fees cf clerks of couts, compel the assessor to mtake his own roll wihout the additional cbarge, and reduce the perertage for the asssment aod collection of tho revenoe. The sheriffs and county judges' fees ate reduced to a proper standard, hot in one of the circuits, at least, the judge has overruled the law, and the sheriffs charge 5o pee ceot. more than the law allows. Ad Require all tones paid in cash, and thus do away with the inducements to fraod io specolating in scrip, making false retarns, etc., and at the same time redact the aggregate rxpenses of the go-rnwent 25 per cent. 4th. Reqoire jurors and witnessest fees to be adjusted by the counties. As now adjusted, there is no protection against duplicate and false certificates. At least 05 per cent. in amoont wouldhbesaverdbynsttlement of these accounts whererthey occor, instead of issuing certificates to be paid by the Comp- traller. The adoption of the amendments to the Constitotion, which teak effect on s5th May font, kms reduced the salaries of the State officers sa ton, that those who were not resi~dent at the capital could not comply withithe lawrof last sssion and transfer their residence. The combination of specolntors and political gam- blers to destwoy the credit of the State reduced scrip so low that the heads of drpartmentsareceiced only equivalent to $700 per annum, and the Gosvenor $t,eoo. The judges' pay is at star-ration point, and unlens the cash system in at once adopted it trill be impossibleto sustain their position. The change in the mode of pay of the members of the Legislature from a salary to per diem affords an oppnctunity foe 146 CARnETBAG RULEIN FLORIDA. nd govrenment weakened thereby, while the main sloiceways of extravagance and waste hoot bees kept open. This session beings direct instructioos from the people that may not he disregarded withbimpcnity. The planobereto- fore adopted by the opposition offooring every measurerof extrasvagance is order that they may bold the dominaot party responsiberfor la-ish expendture,rmust now beabandoned or the Representatives toill siolate their pledges to their constitu- en. The Republicon members canologer continot reckless, under penalty of political as well as prsonal coo. demnation. Now is the time to inaogorate a system of trot practical economy, and the Legislature shoold begin of its own doors, and thence throogh all departments of theogoornment. sst. Cut off all uselewsemployes and supernumeraries aod fin the per diem of members and officers uon a cashbbasis according to a boniness standard. ad. Re-rise the fee bill and equtalize ike pay of coonty officers, redact the feet of clerks of coorts, compel the assessor to make his awn roll without the additional charge, and reduce the percentage for the assessmeot and collection of the retenae. The sheriffs and county jdges' fets areereducd to aproper standard, hot in one of the circuits, at least, the judge has overruled the law, and the sheriffs charge 50 per coot. more than the law allows. Ad Require all tarts paid in cash, and thosrdo away with the inducements to fraud in specolating in scrip, waking false retrns, etc., and at the same time reduce the aggregate expenses of the govrernmntn2 5percent. 4th. Reqaire jurors and witness fets to be adjusted by the counties. As now adjusted, there is no protection against doplicate and false certificates. At least 25 prett. in amoont world be na-red by settlement of these accounts where they occur, instead of issuing certificates to he paid by the Comp- troller. The adoption of the amendments to the Constitotion, which took effect on t5th May last, bar redoced the salaries of the State officeresso low that those who were not reatident at the capital could not comply withithe law of last sesionoandmtansfer their residence. The combination of speculators and political gain- blers to destroy the credit of theState reduced scrip so lowithat the heads of departments rceivred only eqairafent to $700 per annum, and the Gosvenor $1,000. The judges' pay is at staroation point, and unless thie cash system is at once adopted it will be impossible to sostain their position. The change in the mode of pay of the members of the Legislature from a salary to per diem affords on opportunity for  CARPtEoTAoRULE IN FORIA. 147 the Repetentives to show' the sincetity of their peofetsioos by adopting a recasonable toot foe theirjeevice. Take $5 pet day asahbasis, to be be paid in oash, and the aggregate pay of the toembeeswouatd ho, foe a sixty-day sessiot, $oo,5oa, heing a saving of $st5,ooo foe the session, aad affoediag eath mtetbahes mucahoeattvatae as swhenahetreceivedtheageraotisiacip. By esenbliahiog the poy of the clerht upon the samte haaia, aad timtiting the oaumber to the coot necessities of the Legislatare, half as tooth morn may he saved, makoitng an aggregateavinog of from $20,000oto $25,ooo ateach seasiotn. Aotheeasoueoe of featiloss to the State is the hueried passage of the geeaa approyciation hiti, at she cose of the ses- sion, wohenothousandsof doltarsareieiteedof cxtta atlosacates and iaprperoitemts, aod luggod through hetause it is too late ta corcect and taco the hitl. Tis is to etit that toast he reomedied, and it is the duty of thc mcemhecs to see that the gceeral appro- priatiohitt is passed celyinothe sessio, and ifcseta pay or old ttaimts ace precoented tot oath stasd upon its erits. No appeopriatita bitt yet passcd hat mct steittly the requisitians af the conostitution. to 1870, uoder the at of she Legiolatoe, $4,oo0,000 Of hoods weree issued to the Jachosoitlle, Ponsatota aod Mahile RaitroadCompaoyinaeothange foe the samte aount of hoods of the company, beariog the samec date and rate of intecest. I hate no repoct of the tomopany an relation to theit coodi- tion and purposes, hoc they hate ot comptied wcith the law in the extension of their coad to the Chateahoochee hy at af Jly, thought I 000 unofficially informed that its cotopletin so that potto note rapidty progrestting, and will soon heonsom- tooted. Is apeares that hoods tor entruocs ted hy she tompany to oneof thetrof sidleescwho ahound in newtorokwhich, hy fraudaodcilainy, hate diveredtmuch of the poeedsfromn the wach foe wohith they were issued, nd theta temans hot 01,00,000 foe the pueposes of extending the toad heyond the The last million of the foot mere delivered, nd ate held in tease to he disposed of mhen the amount Of $300,000 halane doe the Internal Imyrovement Food is paid. Thts soot is still unpaid, and remains a lien upon ahao portion of she toad hetmeen Lahe City and Quincy. The losses ofthetcompany in no may involve lass to the State, as the securties held hy the State coo at any tine he con- oterted foe suffici eat to redeemo the Statechonds. Into advised that the ioterest on the hands has been paid by the company op to, aod including January, alto, hat the couposhavetnot bendelivered at e Teasury, and the tAPEBA RU E LORIDA. 147 the Repeeseoties to sham the sioncerity of theit peofessions by adopting a reatonable sum foe theirtservices. Tahe $1 ptt day asoahasis, so he be paid in cash, and the aggregatepaypof the memberso-aald he, foe a sixty-day session, $at,5oo, being a saviog of $is5,ooa foe the session, and affording took moembheras muchcrealcvalue as mhenohereceived thelargceramountsinscip. By establishing the pay of the oleeks upoo the same hasis, nd limiting the numbee so she teal oneeisite of she Legislatute, half as tooth mace may be saved, making an aggregate saving of from $20,00aoe$ahaoooat each session. Anotersoaece of great loss to the State is the huetied passage of the geoteral appropriation bill, at the cose of the set' sion, mheo thouands of dollarsaro inserted of cotta allownces nd impeopereiems, and hugged etough beoauoe it is too late to correcteaodsavete bidl. Tfhitisaneiltatmusshtetreedied, and it isthe duty of cthe memberst to see chat the general appro- priationahill is patted earlyinotheossio,and if cotta payner old claims ace pesented leteoath stood upon its metits. No appropeiaeion bill yes patted has met otritly the requisitions of ohecootitution. to 1870, uoder the ace 0f the Legislatore, $4,000,000 Of hoods were isated to tho Jackhontidle, Pensatola nd Mobdle Railroad Compaoyinoexchange foe the same amount of hoods of the tompany, bearing the sanme dote and tote of interest. Ibhavooeporteoftebcompany io relation ootheieocondi- tion and purposeo, hoe they hate ot tomplied mith the lam in the exteosion of their road to the Chattahoochee by tst of July, thouagh I ato unofficially itfoemed that its completion to that pon is naow rapidly progeming, and will soon be consum- mated. It appears that hoods mete entratted by the tonmpany to oneof thehfimsf sindlersmwho aboundinewYor,mwhih, byfraud andodilainy, hate diverted muchofhe poeeds from the math foe whioh they mete issued, and thee remaos hot $t,2oa,00o foe the pueposts of totending the road beyond the The lost millioo of the fete mete delivered, and ate held in trusteto be disposed of when the amount Of $30aooo balance doe the Itetnal Impeovement Food is paid. This soot is still uenpaid, and remains a lien uon that poetion of she toad betmeen Lobe City and Quincy. The losssafctheompany in no may inolee lass to the State, as the seocities held by the State can at any time he con- netted foe sufficieot to redeem the State hoods. Iamadisedethatethe inteesaton the hoods has been paid by the compaoy op to, and including Janaey, 1fta, hoe the coupons hate ot been deliered at the Teasoey, and the CATAG RULEo IN LORIDA. 147 the Repeesentices to sham the siocerity Of theie peofeosions by adopting a reasoale sum foe theie services. Tahe $1 pee day asoabasis, so he be paid is tash, and the aggregate pay of the membersouald he, foe a sissy-day session, $aa,5oo, befog a saving of $15,000 foe the session, nd affording each memobeas muothrealcvaluetas when heeceived thelargeramaountin sip. By establiohiog the pay 0f the clerks upton she oame basis, and limiting the numbee to the teal neceosities 0f the Legislatue, half as mucth mace may betsaved, makiog an aggregate saving of from $20,000ao$a5,oo t ach settonO. Aotherctource of great loss to the State is the huteied passage 0f the geoteral neaprpration bill, at the clote of the os's oiao, whenothousands of dollarsareinsertedof extra allomances nd improper htems, aod hogged ehetugh betaose htis coo late so correct and taco the bill. Thios is n coil that toast he temedied, aod it is the duty of the membhees to see that the general appro- peiadioabill is passed earlyiohsbessaion,oond if cotta payner old olaimo ate preseosed let each stood uon has meeits. No appropeiation bill yot yassed has met strictdy the requisisions of ohetcoottitution. In 1f70, undee the act of the Legislatue, $4,000,000 Of boodo were issued to the Jacksonville, Pensacola aod Mobile Railroad Companyinoexchange foe the tame amount of hoods of she company, bearing the saome date and ease of interest. I hate oo report of the tompany 10 relation to theirctondi- eloand purposes, hoe ehey hace ot compliedwithsthe lamin the eotensiton of teir road to the Chastahoochee by ist of July, though I at unofficially ioformed that its completion to that poit isomapidly peogeessing, and will toon he contain- mated. Is appears that bonds were entrusted by the company to ooe ofchthefimsofomiodlersmwhoabaod in newmYork,mwhich, by fraudandoillaioy, hate diverted muchofhe proceeds fom she moth foe whioh they were issued, nd theta remains hat 01,00,000 foe the porposes of extendiog the toad beyond the The last million of the fete were delivered, nd ae held in stool to be disposed of mhen she amount Of $3oo,ooa balance doe the Internal Improvement Food is paid. This sam is sillaUnpaid, and remaos aS lenupon that portionofstheeroad betmeen Lobe City and Quiocy. The lossesoofthetcompany ino 00 ay inveolve lass to she State, at the secuoities held by the State can as any time he con- netted foe sufficient to redeem she State hoods. t am advised shatcohe interest on she hoods has beta paid by she comapany op so, aod including Janoary, 1872, hot she coupons have ot been deliotered at the Teasury, and the  148 CARPETBAG RULE INt FLORIsDA. couponstupont the railiroad bonds held by the State theeefoe remainlUlaCOelied. These honds ate inetuded in she Comspteotle's statemnt of the State debt, ssithoot note on comnstt, and the ioferescetis left that no peosisions ate msade foe the interest otypincipal tote from tasation. Nonw the State holds ao equat amouont of fient nortgage hoods of $tS,ooo a soils on a comopleted toad whbich hat sufficienthbusinesstso pay its runntingexptnses, she ineest onethesehbondsand enough so constitote a sieking fundnsuff- cient toditcharge the bondsswhen doe. Thistbeing thenfact, it is unjust to the peopte of the State to seek to coosey a different impressionoabeoad, and it can only be nocated oo the groond assumted by the wsriter abase quoted fronm the " Ftotidiao " that themr "only hope is in the asset financial banhruptey of she State." Liabilities- Bonded deht ...... . . . . ...$ 741,945 oS Floating debt...... . .. . . . ..563,704 S9 Tonal..... .. . . $0 . . ,1,49 97 Retources- Revenneouncolleced. . . ...604,672 45 Atmonnt doe from United States . . anoooo 00 $804,672 45 Total debt, Jan., 1872. .. . $48S,977 52 After disceharging all she liabilities of the Insernat Isoproe- ment Fund and meeting atllthegantssmade so railroads, nivers, eanat,netc,me shallbhae an least foot million acresnof lands remaining, as a final resource foe any Stats liabilitien. The attention of the Legislatue it particolarly direceted no the impotance ofmoreestringent lawsto protecttthenaonties *11eats rete.. . .y.obfalte 'Ste tof Floid wnileot ern titlcdtb.moe ,-dIf II -oou ~stttonl oei testasoutt in - =do , .sabttho Ete Sttate tfiontana cedtit cme wallstee, so thSet toria ondset eseota by eeda&oCo., astfast aie,ea ogvtee tout tarptesea Ott- sohe tox p ater I, , aitnoo oarri lpow. so tons they son bs t to toy etses witS, and iavisnnmh Sesnancialecreditlow esoae&Co. cntsl tt od anoastoeoraenmneewthowhithtopempetuate thersoldasotmffce-LORItNea 48 CAnRPEnBAo ReLE INFLRIA coponsoupon she eaileoad bonds held by the State theefor rematoouncanelled. These hoods ass inctuded in the Comoptroller's ntatesoent of the State deht, without note on eommseot, and she inferenoce to left that no procisions are made foe she ntenest on principal save frosotaxation. Nowmthe Statenhotdsanoeqal aountof fist mortgage bonds of $16,ooo a soils ton a completed toad wohich has sufficetsoiness to pay its running expenses, theintnerest onthesehbonds, and enough to constitose asiokiog fondtouffi- ciet o sdischarge the bond, wohen doe. Thie being the fact, is it unjust no the people of she Stone to seeko so convey a differeont impressioo abroad, and it can onlyhbe encased on theferound asumed by the wrsitsr above qoted fromo the " Floridian " that themr "only hope it in the utter finaocial haokroptcy of she Seats."*0 Liahiities- Bonded debt ...... . . . . ...$ 74,4 o8i Flnating debt...... . .. . . . ..563,704 89 Total......... . . . $1,11,6f49 97 Retonsces- Reenuoencollected . . . f i.64,672 43 Amnont doe from United States at .20,000 00 ___- $824,672 45 Total debt, Jan., 1872. .. $486,977 52 Aftre discharging all the liabilities of the Insernal Improse- ment Fond and meeting all thegaotsmade so railroads, tiers, canals, etc.,swe shallhae at toast foot moillion octet of lands remaining, atoa final resource foe any Stats liabilities. The attention of the Legislature is paeticolarly directed to the importanse of mote stringent lasts to protect the counties th ueo ts pr5esent carpetbag, ,,Ittweg thcoet to be ptaced t, good in, maot cetit...... .''''''onlsote peeet.tt.tsta S.Wutenftos nil bae~nrutcy n Hevene grant that that my peiycm!0 hte senate of these fi-en.. ...* h '''m''orateotosot toeoo of th a btnayersisin having scripelow, so tht they sot buyeit to pa s- waisth, ea inthavtng ttheState ...tciatcet lowe so tt e otca selSmtatetbond, Sas toe-t.smneyethtwhichatoeetretotestheir hotdt-offie..otot.. Au s ,, e~ 148 CAREToAc RULE sNO RIA couponssupon the railroad hoods held by she State therefot remaitn ncaocelled. These bond, ass included in the Caopteollers statement of the State debt, mithous note on comment, aod she infereoce is left that no proeisions ass made foe the intenet an principal tact from ntation. Non' she Stats holds an equal amotoot of fist motgtafe hoods of $tS,ooo a soils on a completed toad whbich haseouficienthosiss t0 pay its tossing exptenses, she inteest onsthese bonds, and enoufgh so constitute asinking fundtsufi- cietmo sdischarestbe bonds wheno doe. Thishbeiog she fact, is it onjust so the people of she State so seek to concey a diffeentn impression abroad, and it can ooty be excused on the ground attained by the wrsitsr above qosed frcm she I IPloridian" that themr "only hope in in she utter financial baonrptcy of she State."* Liabilities- Bonded debt ...... . . . . ...$ 747,945 o8 Floating debt...... . .. . . . ..563,704 89 Total......... . . . $t,3to,649 97 Resoorees- Resenoenoncolleeted . . . 5.. .64,672 45 Amsoont doe from United States 220aa,000 00 -$S24,6i72 45 Total debt, Jan., 1872a ... $486,577 50 Aftr discharging all the liabilities of the Iteroal Imopeove- ment Fund andsmeetingalthenfrantsomade to eadlroads, rivers, canals, etc., me shall have as least foot midlion octet of lands remaining, as a final resoore foe any State liabilities. The attention of she Lefislatore in particularly directed so the importance of moss stringent Sates to protect she counties *tNmE.- No gateralatystt coold befall tht tate of Florida,whl ue the m i o ispesenet carpetbag, cuawtg offcialthan to bn tlamed to god fin- sl mredt. - * -' *toer only bei en t the starc's tter Oituo. do hto banoruptcy; sod Haen grat tenaOt thas soOy. seedl mur 0, th otsoee han, es tbish tor e Sta nte toonancitat coe et to Wa Strt teet, an toat Floridatonoo. sot Sbe entd byO Read &Co., 8: tet sou tand,,,0000tesen toothp,, ie tenaurte of thee offines. Th tmporat so atSt of the bus payen, is tn htoveng soo tote, o that they sot Soy it to pay O tewthnd o to havngso to st otetaca cedit tote en tet Reed & Ccan t',ettate boste Asg t, tstt.  CARPETBAG RULE IN FLORIDA. 149 and State against emezzlement orlosses from inadequsatehbonds of treasurers andev~enue officers. As the lawo now stands, itsis claitoed that wohen the security on abond ofoneof hese offies lapsesy deathorankrptcy it does notoouthorize the demanod foe a ew boed. If this he so, the defect shotld he immttediately remeodied, and the officee erequioed to ile a neR hood Rithin thiety days after notice, r his office declared vacant. The proisions of the bitt knowno as the " Fonding Bill," of the lost sessios, shoold ho toode to apply so alt offioers of the revestoe, ond a delaolt to pay over the poblic moneys shouldhbe declared afelonty. Blonods,howoeer food, re not sofficient to pootect the Teasury against tots from dishonestty and fraod. With astatuteorendeoingdefaultstacimoe,and aothecoms- pelling the paymen~t of all tho reveRues in lawofol coorency, the fraods upoD the Treasury, aod speculation in pohtio fonds hy rvneofficers, toul cease; as itsow stantds itis impossihle to peent themD. ID ever~y cate of defaolt now' existing, I hove unifoesmly instructed suits to he commoenced; hot the lawD officers have either been indulgent orfound the law iadquate. Ithashbeen hold thatI oold ot reoe oanofficer inthe absencee of the Lefislature, either foe inadequacy of hood, feood, neglect, or aoy other cause, so that Rhe RDcases hove heen repoeted so ote which called foe immoediate action, I haoe heen comopelled to forego a remedy. I early oalled the attention of the Lefislature to this difficolty, hot Do action tros taken and much lossohas occoered inconseqoence. ID 1855 the State enteeed upon a ptao foe the construction ofoa systemt of eaileoads that ws comnpehensioe Ond highly Deed- itahle so the intelligence aod sagacity of its peojecores, hot Rhich iitsteesolts has heen ingeniously ond alnmost imoperceptibly FOw of the people ondeestand that, besides the United States lands geanted, those eoads have cost the State ovee thdee m~ilioss of dolors, and have mne paid oneo cet of to= eithee on their lands, their peopety, or theie incomoe; yet, so fae ascan he ascee- tained, feomt the rcords and soueces of infoettation left by the old goveernment, soch in the faot. Wheo this administration Ras inaugurated it found this state of things,vi: The Florida eoad, 154 tmiles, told hy the booed of tostees, in 1866, foe St s6,ooo, or $713 pee mtile, leaving $232,000 in mtortgage bonds, the interest of sohich Ras guaranteed by the CARPETBAOG RULE IN1 FLORIDA. 149 and State aginst emezlenment oe losses front inadeqoatehbonds of treasuers ood eevenoe officoers. As the laR noR stands, it it claitned that wehen the security on abond of oeof thseoffies lpses bydeath obanrptoy it does not authorioe the deotaod foe a nRR hood. If this be sothe defect should he immoediately remedied, and the offioer erequieed to fie a neR hood Rithin thioty days aftee notice, or his office declared vacant. The prooisions of tbe bill koso Os the "Pounding Bill," of the last sessioo, shoold be made to apply to all officees of the revenue, and a dofault to pay ovor the public sooneys shoold be declaredoafelony. Bonds,howcevor good, areonotnsufficient to protect theTeasooyoagint lossofromdisbonesty andfad. With a statoto renodoering dofaolts a crime, and anothee comn- pelliog the payment of all tbo oevenoes in lasoful currency, the feaods upon the Treasuey, and speculation in poblic fonds by rvneofficeos, soul cease; as itos nosand it isimpossible to prevent tbem. Io eceey cose of dofaolt ows existiog, I hove oniformnly insteocted suits to be commenoced; hot the 10w officees hove either hben indulgent oe fotuod tho laso intadequate. Ithoshbeon hold thatIcoold not 'remove an officee inthe absence of tho Legislatoure, either foo inadequacy of hood, feaod, neglect, or any othoo cause, 00 that soben cases haoe been reported to me sohich coiled foe isomediate action, I hove been compelled to forego a remsedy. I early coiled the attention of the Legislatooe to this difficulty, hot no action wsoo taken nnd mochloshas occureed in coseqenoce. In t855 the State enteeed opon a plon foe the consteuction ofoa system of railroads thot s comprehensive and highly oeed- itable to the intelligence and sagacity of itn projectos, hot wohich in its results has been ingeniously and almost imperceptibly Feso of the people undeestand that, besides the United Sitates landn granted, these roads haveocost the State ovee thee meillions of drollars, and have nerver paid oe cent of tax eithee on theie lands, their property, or their income; yet, so for as con be ascer- tained, feom the eecoeds and sooeces of information left by the old goveenment, such is the fact. When this administeation wsoo inaugoeated it foond this state of things, yin: The Florida eoad, 154 miles, sold by the booed of trustees, in t866l, foe $tii,ooo, or $753 pee mile, leaving $232,000 in mortgage bonds, the interest of sohioh wsoo guaranteed by the CARPETBAG RULE IN FLORIDA. 149 andState against emhezzlenmentor lsses feom inadeqoate bonds of treasurers aod reoenue officers. As the law noso stands, it is claimed that sohen the seooeity onoahond of one of these officesnlapsesby deth orbaneopty it does not aothorize the demand for a oeso bond. If this he sci, the defect shoold he immediately remedied, and the officer ,requieed to file a newo hood soithio thirty days after notice, or his office declared vacant. The procisions of the bill kosn as the "PFunding Bill," of the last session, shoold he maden to apply so all officees of the revenue, and adefault to pay overthepulic moneysnshould be decloredoafelon. Bond, howcever good, are not sofficient to protect the Treasury against lao from dishonesty and fraod. With a statote rendering defaoltsoacime, andoanotherocom- pelling the paysoeot of ail the recenaes io lasoful Cuerency, rho fraods opon the Treasury, and speculation in public fonds by rvneofficees,swill cease; as itnoo standsnit isimpossible to pevcent them. Io ecvery coot of default nowoexisting, I hove oniformly insteocted soits to he commeoced; hat the loso offieors hove eithreeon indulgeot or founod the laso intadeqoate. t hashbeen held that Icoold not hremooeean officrein the absence of the Legislatoee, eithee foe inadeqoocy of bond, fraod, neglect, or any orbhor cause, so thot sohen cases have been reported to me sohich colled foe immediate action, I hove been compelled to forego a remedy. I early called the attention of the Legislature to this difficulty, hat no action wsoo tahen nnd much lonshas occurredineconseqoence. In 1055 the State enteeed opon a plan foe theeconstructtn of o system of eaileoads that wsoo compeehensive and highly ceed- itable to the intelligence and sagacity of its projectors, hot sohich in its resolts has been ingeniously and almost imperepythbly Feso of the people onderstand that, besides the United States lands granted, these roads hove cost the State over thee msillios of dt/olao, ond have server paid oe centtof tao eithee on their lands, their peoperty, or ther income; yet, so far as can he ascer- tained, from the eecords and sources of infoemation left by the old goveroment, soch is the fact. When this administration soas inaugueated it foond thin state of things, viz : The Florida road, 15 miles, sold by the board of teustees, in t1866, foe $1t16,ooo, or $113 per mile, leaving $131,000 in mortgage bonds, the interest of sohich twot guarantred by the  150 CARPETBAG RULE IN FLORIDA. State, with a large amount of accumulated interest, for the pay- ment of which suits have been commenced; The Central road (from Jacksonville to Lake City), 6 miles, sold by the board in 1868 for $111,ooo, or nearly $1,85o per mile, leaving an indefinite amount of unpaid interest for the State to meet; The Pensacola and Georgia, and the Tallahassee roads, for- feited fnd liable to be sold by the board, with $1,424,300 bonds outstanding, upon which interest was accumulating against the State of $99,700 per annum. These roads were immediately sold by the present board, for nearly the par value of the bonds, and sufficient to discharge them and leave no incumbrance for the State, except for unpaid interest. Thus we find that the railroads cost the State through the Internal Improvement Fund, and the counties- Lands conveyed for interest, 1,ooo,ooo acres at $1.25 $1,250,000 Proceeds of lands sold since 1850 to 1868. . 1 - - 750,000 Accumulated interest and indebtedness now existing, probably . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,000,000 Amount of bonds given by counties . . . 1 - - S00,000 $3,500,000 The Legislature of 1869 changed the plan for the comple- tion of the roads, and offered bonds to the amount of $16, ooo per mile in exchange for first mortgage bonds of the roads. While, individually, I was opposed to further involving the State in connection with the roads, yet the almost unanimous voice of the Legislature favoring State aid, as in most of the other States, I sanctioned the plan; and there would exist no valid objection had the issue been confined to the extension of the lines, instead of being issued on the road already built. Under the new policy the State holds the roads as security for the payment of interest and principal, and will derive from $2o,ooo to $3o,ooo annual revenue from taxation of the lands and propert and income of the road. Under the old it had to pay from $1oo,ooo to $15o,oon annual interest, after donating all the State lands within six miles on each side of the road, and both lands and road were exempt from taxation. LEGISLATIVE RECORDS. I again invite you to provide a more stringent means of protecting the legislative records and papers from mutilation, I5O CARPETBAG RULE IN FLORIDA. State, with a large amount of accumulated interest, for the pay- ment of which suits have been commenced; The Central road (from Jacksonville to Lake City), 6 miles, sold by the board in 1868 for $1,, ooo, or nearly $1,85o per mile, leaving an indefinite amount of unpaid interest for the State to meet; The Pensacola and Georgia, and the Tallahassee roads, for- feited ad liable to be sold by the board, with $1,424,3oo bonds outstanding, upon which interest was accumulating against the State of $99,700 per annum. These roads were immediately sold by the present board, for nearly the par value of the bonds, and sufficient to discharge them and leave no incumbrance for the State, except for unpaid interest. Thus we find that the railroads cost the State through the Internal Improvement Fund, and the counties- Lands conveyed forinterest, ,ooooooacresat $I.25 $1,25o,ooo Proceeds of lands sold since 185o to 1868. . . 1. 750,000 Accumulated interest and indebtedness now existing, probably . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-- - -,o Amount of bonds given by counties . . . . . . . 500,000 $3,500,000 The Legislature of 1869 changed the plan for the comple- tion of the roads, and offered bonds to the amount of $16,ooo per mile in exchange for first mortgage bonds of the roads. While, individually, I was opposed to further involving the State in connection with the roads, yet the almost unanimous voice of the Legislature favoring State aid, as in most of the other States, I sanctioned the plan; and there would exist no valid objection had the issue been confined to the extension of the lines, instead of being issued on the road already built. Under the new policy the State holds the roads as security for the payment of interest and principal, and will derive from $2,ooo to $30,oo annual revenue from taxation of the lands and property and income of the road. Under the old it had to pay from $1oo,ooo to $15o,ooo annual interest, after donating all the State lands within six miles on each side of the road, and both lands and road were exempt from taxation. LEGISLATIVE RECORDS. I again invite you to provide a more stringent means of protecting the legislative records and papers from mutilation, I50 CARPETBAG RULE IN FLORIDA. State, with a large amount of accumulated interest, for the pay- ment of which suits have been commenced; The Central road (from Jacksonville to Lake City), 6 miles, sold by the board in 1868 for $11,ooo, or nearly $1,85o per mile, leaving an indefinite amount of unpaid interest for the State to meet; The Pensacola and Georgia, and the Tallahassee roads, for- feited and liable to be sold by the board, with $1,424,3oo bonds outstanding, upon which interest was accumulating against the State of $99,700 per annum. These roads were immediately sold by the present board, for nearly the par value of the bonds, and sufficient to discharge them and leave no incumbrance for the State, except for unpaid interest. Thus we find that the railroads cost the State through the Internal Improvement Fund, and the counties- Lands conveyed forinterest, i,ooo,oooacresat $1.25 $1,250,000 Proceeds of lands sold since 1850 to 1868. - . - 750,000 Accumulated interest and indebtedness now existing, probably . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,000,000 Amount of bonds given by counties - - - - - 500,000 $3,500,000 The Legislature of 1869 changed the plan for the comple- tion of the roads, and offered bonds to the amount of $16,ooo per mile in exchange for first mortgage bonds of the roads. While, individually, I was opposed to further involving the State in connection with the roads, yet the almost unanimous voice of the Legislature favoring State aid, as in most of the other States, I sanctioned the plan; and there would exist no valid objection had the issue been confined to the extension of the lines, instead of being issued on the road already built. Under the new policy the State holds the roads as security for the payment of interest and principal, and will derive from $2o,ooo to $3o,ooo annual revenue from taxation of the lands and property and income of the road. Under the old it had to pay from $1oo,ooo to $15u,uo annual interest, after donating all the State lands within six miles on each side of the road, and both lands and road were exempt from taxation. LEGISLATIVE RECORDS. I again invite you to provide a more stringent means of protecting the legislative records and papers from mutilation,  CARPETBAG ROLE IN FLORIDA. 151 fraudulent endoremetnFt, or surreptitious remtoval oF destruc- tion. It shoold be toode a feonsy foe an officor Omtember of the Legislature, oF aoy officeF o~f the goernent to change, suppress, tmotilote, purl1in, oF in any mnneot oontribote to defraud the nill of the maojority. Clerks hooe boon known to oltr bills in eogrossing ond eneolling; joornols hoot foilodo give a ooect oecord dof proceedingso; metobers have0removed and suppessed billsoduring oron their passage, ond after pass- og e, boforo they coutld be signed by the presiding officets. Bills oftoer pooooge and eneolloent hove boon foood deposited, onths after adjourntoent, in tho private deth of the secoetory of ooo of tho bodiet. GRAND JURORS. Either the grond jury systenm thoold be oltogether aoloished ood ceitminols oeroigned diecotly befoee the toagistrate or ouret, orpopyersofoguordsoshooldbe poced aound itsooastopeeent its subversionto iodividool ends ornmolicious purposes,oand ths mode aR engine of oppression rothee thon a botswork of peotec. tn the Uoiled Stoles Distriot Court, the discretion gioen to the Disteict Attoeney to oppty or dispense seith the " test ooth " hot placed it wthilin the posere of that individool, weith the ossist- onoe of the United Stotes Marshat, toetoold the grondjorsoat his tilt, ond this poteer hot been osed to wrong ond oppeess citizens of the Stote, innocent ofcinme, and coosed enornmous unnecessary cost to the Federol Gooernmnen. to one of the circnits of this Stote (the second), atso, t om advised, thot, by oveeeiding the lose ond imtposing nets tests not notoiooted therein, the judge ond attorney have tahen control nf the sele tionof the grand jury, and in the soame nmonner maode it subject to their owenwil The propeiety or inmpropriety of the test does sot offeet the cs.It isthe power to itnpose or dispeoseswihbitoatwill hy the attorney or the judge. oftee the venire hos been maode op, thot destroys the digntity, independence, ond hopoesiot charocter of the jury,anderenders itoaoehile forpesonl mnoliceoand injos- I do Rot knowts hot foether tegislotion is necessary or0can be maodeoadeqoote to remnove the difficolty; hot if it cannont he coe- rected, the Constitotion shoold be amntded ond the grand jury abolished altogether. Rery Legislature since the inougurotinn of Goerenor Reed hod shtown itself corropt in the highest degree; hot the colnred menmbers 01 this session hogan to show snore maonhond by CARPETBAG RULE IN FLORIDA. 151 fraodoleot endoesemoent, or suereptitioos removaol or destruc- tion. It shoold be maode o felooy foe on officer or mtember of the Legislatoee, oF anly officr of the gooernenot to change, soppress, nmotilote, porloin, or io any mtonner oontribote to defraud the will of the maojority. Clerks hove been knosen so olter hills is engrossing aod enrolling ; joornols hose foiled to giveoaoorret trecordof proceedings; moembers hose remtoved ond sppesosed hilts during or on their passage,oand after pass- oge, before they cotld be signed hy the presiding offioees. Bills ofter passage ond enrollmtent hooe hesn found deposited, moonths ofoer adjournntent, is the private desh of th e seoretory of ose of the bodies. GRANDR JURORS. Either the grotnd joty systemt shoold he altogether oholished ond ceimoinals arraigned directly before the maogistrate or couort, oreproper sofegutods shoold beplaced arond isoas to prevent its soborsion to individual ends or malicious porposes, and thus mtode an engine of oppession rother thon a holswork of proteo- tion In the United Stoles Distriol Coort, the disortion given to the Distriot Attorney to apply oF dispense with the " test ooth'" hot ploced it weithitt the poweer of shot indieidool, with the assist- once of theUnited Stotes Morshol, to moold the grond jororsoat his ssill, ond this poweer hos been osedtto wrong and oppess oitioes of the Stole, innocent ofocrimte, ond ooosed enormous nnecessaryocost to the Federl Government. In one of the oirooits of this Stote (the second), olso, I oat odoised, that, by ooerriding the laso ond imoposing noew tests sot nomntitted therein, the judge ond attorney hooe tohen control of the selectionoflthe grand jury, and inthe samertosner mtode it subjeot to theri owon will. The propriety oroimpropeiety of the test does notoaffectsthe ease. t is the powr to iompose or disprooe woith it 01 swilt hy the attorney or the judge. ofteFr thr veniee hos been mnade op, that destroys the digntity, independence, ond inspoesiol oharacter of the joey, ond renders ito aoehiole foe personat maolioerond injus- I do sot hot hot forther legislation is necessary or eon he mode adequate to remooe the difficutty; hot if it cannot booner- rooted, the Constitotion shoold be amtended ond the grand (soy obolished oltogether. Every Legislatoresince the inauguratin of Governor Reed had shtown itself corrupt is the highest degree; hot the colored membhers at this session hogan to show more manhood by CARPETBA RULIN FLORIDA. 151 froodoleot eodortement, or surreptitioos remsovol 00 destroc- tion. It shoold be omode a felony foe on officer or member of the Legislature, or ony officer of the government to ohange, soppress, mutilote, purloin, or in ony monr contrihote t0 defeood the will of the majority. Clerks boor been hnowo to oalter bills in eogrossiog and enrolling; jouenols haoe foiled to give aocorrect rerd of proceedings ; members booerFemoved and soppessed bills doriogor on their passoge, and oftee pass- age, before they otld be signed by the peesiding offioers. Bills after passage ond enrollooent haoe been foond deposited, mooths obter adjounment, is the prioate deskhof the secetary of our of the bodies. Either the grand jury system shoold be altogether obolished and ceiminols aroaigoed directly before the magistrate or ouet, orepeopesafegoardsushould beplaced oroond itsoasto preoent its subversionto indioidual ends ormlicious purposes,andhous made ao eogioe of oppression rather thou a bulwoek of protec- In the Uoited Stotes District Coort, the discretion given to the Disteiot Attorney so apply or dispense with the " test oath " has placed it twitin the power of that individual, with the assist- once of theUited Sttes Morshal, so mould the grand jurors at his will, and this power hos heeo used to wrong and oppress citizens of the Stole, inntoenot ofocrime, ond coosed enormous unnecessary costtolbe Fderl Govenment. to ooe of the circoits of this Stole (lbhe serond), olso, I om adoised, that, by overriding the low osd imposing new tests not nominated therein, the judge and attorney hoe tabken control of the selrctionsofthe gand joey, andin tesamemaner modelst subject to their own wll. The Propriety orimpopety of the lest does notoaffect the Ease. It is the power to imposr or dispensr with it at will by the atory oF the jodge, after the vrnire has bees made up, that destroys the dignty, independence, and impartial charaoter of the jury, andreders itavhiclfopesonl maliceoand injus- I do not know that further legislation is necessary oF can be made adeqoate to remove the difficulty; hot if is cannot he oe- reoted, the Constitolion should he amesnded and the grand jury abolished altogether. Evry Legislatureesince the inauguralion of Govrnoor Reed had shsown itself corrupt is the highest degree; hot the colored members as this session began to show more manhood by  152 CARPETBA~G RULE IN FLORIDA. opeoly denouncing the nritks of the carpet-baggers atd refus- lng ID be enstaeed by caatsrule. In theta caucuses the carpet- baggers had heretofare sotceeded io caerying their poinstn mny instantes hy setting the cotoed toctmbert that if thismes reeshauld pass therDeocratsswould he teihty outdone and wattid makae no farther opposition to the se-cotted Repabticas party of the State; hal the ousting of Christy at tht tast setsion, and thenatemtpted oastee of Sctl, taoeoed, at thesatmetsettion foa aDessocrat swha had Rat heen. etected, and the defeat of the Cit-it Rights bitt in the Senate theoogh the teicks of caepet-hag- grn, had a tendenty to ioaugorate a stonger opposition to these man thaR hsd ever esisted hefore. The fottowcing resotution, introdaced by Hoe. Daniel Mctnnis, totoed, of Dualacounty, witt iltustratr this fat "'WHEREAS, tt appers that after secral atteempts to hoe a Cit-it Rights bitt, wch fit-es no eveey citizen the samr protec- tion in the rnjoymest of his tibecties; and, whereas, it has becoe a painfat fat scam she action at Libeety Bitlings, ating presidetoteam. of thefSenate of thehStatr of Ftorida, asd others who ace apposrd to sreing the coeoed citiaeas of Ibis St ale enjoy the same rigbts that hr and his assaciates do, me again wcitness nn to-day anothec defeat of the Girdl Rights hilt, taosed by only tbose mho profess to hr oar friends in conorction tenth Ibis great causeof civiltrigbts ;threface, I'Rea/cad, Thatmwe, thetolred members, aod those who hoertly sympathize swith as, do unhesitatingty repodiate oath friendship, and do. note and hencefonth withdram from and decline from at-cr affitiating witb, politicatty, or no aid in circling any such mane or mn wcho hace so basely misrerpresnteld oor people," Thin resaotion wcas considred as opro treason la the tarpet- bag dynasty, and the mover aod recsolation most at osce be get- Icn rid of for the reaon that its soccess mtight tause other ant- beaks. Thercesolutioo wsa ruled oat of ordec by Speakec Stearos, of Freedmao's Boreaa notoriety. Stearns man tbird in nommad of the ring forces in Frida, asd is swold not hat-a heeo melt for bits, politically, if chief Osborn had been informed that such treason had tahen place, and hod succeeded in his presence. Mclnnis mat fought is his conty by tbe ring becaose be denounced them foretreachery to his people; and with the 152 CARPETBAG RULE INI FLORIDA. openly idenounciog the tcicks of the cacpet-baggers aod refus- ing to be enslat-ed by caucaseoul. In these caocuscs the carpet- baggers had heretofoe sacceeded in carrying their pots in many instances by telliog she colored members that if Ibis mean- ure shoald passsheDemocats wold bc trribly outdonerand swould make no farther oppositioo to she so-tailed Repablicas partyaof the Stale; bat the ousting of Christy an the last sessions, and theattempted ooster of Scott, colored, at the same session frca Democrat who had not been, elected, aod the defeat of the Cit-il Rights bill in tho Senate through the sriobs of carpol-hag- fed, had antendency to inaugurate a steonger opposition to these men than had nt-er esisted before. The following cesolution, introducedhbytHon. DanieliMclnnis, colored, of Duval county, will illustrate this fact: "'WHnnnAS, Is appears that aftrc seceral attempts to hat-a a Cit-il Rights bill, mhinh fivt- serp citiaen the same protec- tien in the enjoyment of his liberties; and, mhreas, is has became a painful fact from the action of Liberty Sittings, acting peesideotpea/aem. of therSenate of theStateeof Florida, andeothers who are opposed to seeing the catered citizens of this State enjoy the Same rights that hr and his associates do, me again witnoess on tn-day another defeat of the Citi Rights hilt, caused by only these who profess so beour friends sin connection winth this eal canoe of civ-il righ to; threfore, "Rea/cad, Thatswe, thrcolored membr, and those n-ho honestly sympathiae mish as, do unhesitatingly repudiate such friendship, and do. note and henceforth mithdram from and decline from ever affiliating wish, pelitically, er to aid in electing any such mane osen teho hate so basely misreresentedeour peoe," This resolation eras considered at open treason to the tarpel- bag dynasty, and she moer and resolation moot at once hr get- ten rid of fee the reason that its success might cause other oat- breaks. The reselusion was roled ant of order by Speaker Stearns, of Ftreedman's Boreauenotoriety. Stearns teas shird in comnmandnoftheeing fces in Florida, and ht wold net hat-e been well foe him, politically, if chief Osbern bad hero informed that oath treason had taboo place, and bad soccerded in his presence. Mclnnis was fought in his teensy by the ring because be denounned them forcteachery no his peoppe; and with the 152 CARPETBAG RULE 10 FLORIDA. openly denouncing the sricbs of the carpet-baggers and refus- log lo be instated by caucus role. to these caucoses the carpet- baggers had heretofore succeeded in carrying their points in many inatancet by telling the colored members that if this mean- ureoshouldpass the Democratsmwold be terribly ootdoerand mould make no forther opposition to the so-called Republican partyof the Slate; hot the ousting of Christy at the last session, and theattempted oustrof Sctt, colored, at thersame session for aDemocrat n-ho hod net heren. elected, and the defeat of she Cit-il Rights bill io the Seoate shrough the tricks of carpet-hog- gees, bad a tendency to inaogurate a stoengr opposition toethese men than had ct-cc existed befoce. The folloming esolotion, introduoed by Hen. Daniel Mctnnis, colored, of Duaconty, wilt illustrate this fact: " WEREAS, It appears that after sevral attempts so bat-a a Cit-it Rights hilt, mbich git-es sorcvery oitizen the some proter- tin in she enjoyment of his liberties; and, whebaccs, it has became a painful fact from the action of Liberty Billings, acting president pro tm. of the Senate of theaStateoflorida, andeothrs who are opposed so seeing the colored cisizens of this State enjoy the same rights that be and his associates do, me again wtness on tn-day another defeat of she Ciril Rights bill, caosed by anty these who profesto be ourefriends in connection with tisgrean causeof civileights; therefore, I"IRealred, Thatnwe, the coloed members, nd these who honestly sympashize mith as, do unhesitatingly repudiate tech friendship, and do. note and henceforth mithdraw from and deeline from ecer affiliating mith, politically, or to aid in electing anypsuch manaor nmentwho hate so basely misrepresented our peeple," This reselution teas contideed as open teason to the carpet- bag dynasty, and she moer aed resoletion mast 01 once be got- ten rid of foe the reason that its succenss might cause ether ens- breaks. The resolution n-as ruled eat of order by Speaker Stearns, of Freedman's Bareau notoriety. Stearns teas third in commandeofbhe ring forces in Florida, and it would net hat-c bees melt fee him, politically, if chief Osboen had been informed that sorb treason bad tahen place, and had secceeded in his peesence. Mclnnis was fought in his county by the clog hecause herdenouncedsthemforlreachry to his people; and withbthe  CARPErTBAG RULtE NFORIA. 153 proner of the Federal office-holders and the ambition of sore of the mone ignorant ons of hit race. Mr. Mcnnis, ore of the mtost faithful and honest representatives of the cnonoed people, res pret-nted from heirg retarned to the Legislatore. Aesnolotionrwas offeredhbyW. K. Cessna, wehich showred thatnadecnreepro cofesso hadhbeen entered ir the United States Court is Sav-annah, Ga., before W. B. Woods in favr of Froncis Vote vs. Harrison Reed,- et al,Tranters of she Internal tImproveent Pond. Thin deorer roar reade at Chamrs on the 16th day of December, 1871. The decreertwasreadeoand entred wnithout rho content of the board of the food and against the pro- test of theireattorney and solicitor of record, James B. C. Derew, trulyrmade. Attoeney-Genrat Derew rent instructed to enter a reotion inthe Uited States Court in the Northern District of Florid oosetrasiderthedree. A commoitterof fiveas appointed so incesrigote and renport to she Asserehly reithout delay hyrehatomeansoandnmanner,and byrhoreschan etaordinary decree, dioposing of the entire, or nearly the rosie, doreain of the State to a mrischiet-ous and hanhruteapilroad corporation, weithout the howrledge or consent of areajority of the said hoard of trustees, as appeared by a resolution of said honed. The resolution shooed that Hon. John S. Adams, treasuer of the trasters of the Internal Ireproveent Fond, had reade affi- davit hefoe a mragistrate in the county of Leon, on the 6th day of January, mI62, that one George WV. Soepson, as confidential financial agent of thehoard of trustees of the fund had reseived oncer ahout she 4th day of April, s1869, the sore of$47a,tfig, the proceeds of the note of the Pensacola and Georgia and the Talta- hasteerailroads, for she purpose of paying the otstanding genst mrtegagehbonds of saiderailroads. Is appears hy said affidavit that Ireepson had neglected and refused to pay the said first mrtegage bond orto account foranyreoneysso receivedhby hire. The trotters rere instructed to tahe such irerediate steps asreouldhbestrsecurethenpayrent of the said reoneys, anod so entereand vigorously prosecute such legal actions, citvil and crireina, againstffoepnnn asreouldhbestsecureterhsaid erustees againsrthelossnnfsaid lare tore ofreoney, and punish thersaid firepson foe his gross violation ofrnns andemezleement. (See Assembhly journal, regulon setsion Of 1872, P. 77) CARPETBAG RULE IN FLORIDA. 153 CARPETBAG RULE IN FLORIDA. 153 poreer of the Federal office-holders and the arehition of sore of the more ignorant ones of his race. Mr. Mclnnis, one of the reostfaithful and honest rereentativ-esof the colored people, rent peented from heng retarned to the Legislatue. A resolorion reas offered hy W. K. Cessna, ohich showed that a decree pro corfeoso hod heco ret-red in she United States Conet in Sat-annah, Go., hefore W. B. Woods in fat-or of Francis Vosecvs. Harrison Rend,-er at., Toasters of the Intcernal Ireprot-emenr Pond. Thir decree oar read, or Charehees on the 16th day of Deceoher, 1871. The decreo asreade andentered oithootethe consentrofthehoard ofrthe fund and againstrthe pro- tent of their attorney rod solicitor of record, James B. C. Derew, ruoly reade. Attorney-General Deo wan insteocted to enter a motoointhe UiedStroes Corr in the Northern District of Florid oeteasidertbedree. Accommittee of fiv-ewas appointrd to investigaee and report to the Asserehlyreithout delay hyrehatrmeansard mane, andb hyorsch ant-otraordiry decee, dirposing of the entire, or nearly the entire, doreain of the Staterto a mischiecous and hanhrupt railroad corporation, reithout the howrledge or corsett of areajority of the said hoard of trustesas appeared hy a resolton of said hoard. The resolution shooed that Hon. John S. Adores, trensurer of the trotters of the Internal Imrepot-ement Food, had reade affi- davit hefore a reagisrate in the counsty of Leon, on the 6th day of January, sf6,, that rone George IV. Soepsor, as confidential fioancial agent ofthehnard of trusteesof thefndhbad received on or ahout the 4th day of April, 1869, the sore of$42,6 the proceeds of the sate of she Pensacola and Georgia and the Talla- hatter railroads, foe the purpose of paying the ortstandiog first otgagehbonds of said railroads. Dt appears hy sald affidavit that Soepson had neglected and refused to pay the sald first mrntgagrhbonds or en account foe any reoneys sosreceivedhby him. The trusrees wre instrscted to tahe such irerediate steps asreoldhbestsecuethe payeent of the said reoneys, and In enter and vigorously prosecute such legal actions, civil and crireinal, againstfireepsn asontdhbestsecure the said erustees agalnst thetlosaof saidtoarge sore ofemoney, and punish the sald Swrepson for his gross violation ofteosts and emezleent. (See Asserehly journl, regularsession Of 1872, P. 17 ) poreer of the Federal office-holders and the arehition of sore of the more ignorant nes of his race. Me. Mctnnis, one of the most faithful and honest representatives of the colored people, wspreertred ferem heinreturncd to the Legislture. A resolution trot offered hy WV. K. Cosna, ohich shoreed that a decree pro cooferro had been entered in the United Sortes Court in Savannah, Go., before W. B. Woods is fat-ne of Francis Vote t-s. Hoot-mon Reed,-er al., Tensores of the Internal Ireprocet-o Pond. This decee von reade or Charehers on the mIrh day of Decembher, 18 7t. The decree oat readeand entered weithout rhe consent of the board of the fond and against the pro- test of theirantorey and solicitor of record, James B. C. Drewe, mealy mode. Attorney-Genral Derew oat instructed tonenterra reotion in the United Stares Cooct in thr Northern District of Floridaeto setasiderhedecee. A comrittee offi-ereas appointed en investigate and report to the Asscehblyowithout delay hyrwhatmeanosandomanr, andhbyowhoesuch an extrardinary decree, disposing of the entire, or nearly the entire, doreain of the Staterto a mritchiecous and banheupt railroad corporation, reishoum the knooledge or consent of areajority of the said hoard of troasters, as appeared by a resolution of said hoard. The resolution shooed that Hon. John S. Adams, treasurer of the trottees of the Itmernal Ireprovement Fond, hod reade affi- davit hefore a reagisrare in the econty of Len, on the fish day of January, sf6,, that rone George WV. Snepsoor on confidential financial agent ofrthehoardoftrustees ofthe fnd hod received oneo ahous the 4th day of April, 1869, the sore of$410,065, the proceeds of the sale of the Pensacala and Georgia and the Talla- hattereadlroads, for the purpose of paying she ontstanding first ortrgagehbonds of saiderailroads. It appears hy said affidavit thatSfiepson had neglected and refused to pay she said first mreotgagehbonds or to account for 007 renreys so receivedhby hire. The erustees were intracted to tahe such irerediate steps asrwoald bestscuresthepayeent of the sald rmneys, and to enteandvigoeously prosecute suchtlegal actions, cit-H and criminal, againsfiepsn asrwouldhbest secure she said teustees agalnst thelosof saidlare tare ofreoney, and punishsthe said Soepsor foe his gross violation of tennts and ereemren. (See Asserehly joamenl, regotlar tession Of 1f72, P. 77)  154 CARPETBAG RULE rN FLORIDA. On the t oth day of January a resolution wan unanimouly passed by the Assentbly, declaring gigntic frauds to have bees commnitted in dirersionaof she proceeds of botdt issued under the law of ef869, chap ter 1,t 7 6, relatice to the J., F. & M. Raderoad, antdthe overnur seas dirrctrd to issuesnooebonds until the ratidity of the act had hers decided by the courts. OR Fehruary ita reolunsis audopted ordering theareotof M. S. Littefield for hit failure to apper hrfoee the special commit- tee appointed to investigate the acts and doings of the J., P. & M. Railroad. Littlefield eras not urretted, and the resolntion weasoundoubtedly passrd tootextotmooryfronthinm. Theecoeds are repleetewithsucheresotuiosto dceierthe publicandetrt money front individuals interested in any soppooed publicenter- prise were the Legisltuoe trould be culled upon to enable thenm to caeey such enoteryrises into euecution. The Legislatuee of 1871t patted a concurrent retolution, twbich emanated feom Fuetnan and his inmnediate carypetbag associates, aushoeining the appointnoent of a conmnittee of fire, shree feonm the Assetobly and twofron theSntate, to peoceednto she office of theTeas- ueer of she Sitate and "inspect, examine andcontpareethe books, filesuand accounts and records of she sunoe, and so cancel and dentroy all Conmytroller's wrarrants and Treasurer's certificates thattmay havebeenrcived and on file in said office, excepsing swarrants issued undetesactsapproved February 18, t1870, knowen an greenback sceip." The cortitee wsa directed so mobs a full report to the Legislature of the accounts and condi- tionnoftherTeasnrer's office, andsthe nubers and anount of warrant nudscriphasmay havebencancelled and effectually detroyed by she authority of said resolution. This conmmittee nonsnnmed twenly-one dayt after the adjounment of the Legis- Inanue Of 1871t in a supposed scorching examnination to find cor- rnption. They reported that their investigation ws quite labori- oun and reqnired deep scrutiny into figores, and that they had honestly obeyed she resolution passed as she last session nf the Legislature, and had destroyed by fire $1,175,934.82e. The cnmmittee commended sees' highly the manner in wehich she Treasurer's books mere heps, bus said nothing about the boaks nf she Comptroller. The report of she committee was accepted in both Hooses, and the committee discharged. Is cnuld be sf4 CARPETBAG tRULE rN FLOnIDA. On the tusth day of January a roltution wsea unanimously passed bythe Assenmbly, declaring gigantic fraudsoto havebeen committed indicrsion of the proceedo of bonds issued under the lose of sf869, chaytr 1, 7 6, relativr to the J., F. & M. Railroad, and the Gocrnoc was directed to issue no moe hoods until she calidity of the act bad been decided by she courts. On February sssa rsolution seas adoyted ordering she arrest of M. S. Litslefield foe his failure so, aypear befnre the special commit- tee appointed so inrestigase the aces and doings of she J., P. & M. Railroad. Listlefield seas not arrested, and she resoltion seas undoubtedly passed to exettmoney from him. The records are replete seisth such resolusions so deceice she yoblic and extnes money from indiciduals interested in any suyposed public etr- prise inhere she Legislature mould be called uyon to enable them to carry such enseryriseo into execusion. The Legislatue of 1f71 passed a concurrent retolution, sehich emanated from Furman and his immediate carebag associates, authoriaing she appointment of a committee of 6cre, three from the Assembly and two from tefenate, toaproceedeto tbe officeof the Treas, ureal sfhe Sitate and "Iinsyect, examineuand compareetbebook, filesand accounts anderecordseof she same, and to cancel and destroy alt Consptroller's trarrants and Tre asurer's certificates thatsmay boor been receired and on file insaid office, exceyting marrants issuednunder theract approved Fruaryt1,s187, ksnowen as greeobackc scrip." The committee ws directed so make a foil rer oe the Legislature of she accounts and condi- tionofshe Teasuer's office, andethe numbers and amount of marrants and scrip thatmay have been cancelled and effectually destroyed by the authority of said resolution. This committee cnnsumed twenly-one days afir the adjournment of she Legis- lature of t871 in a supposed searching examination so find cor- ruption. They reported that theinestigation seas quite labori- ous and required deepyscrutdny into figures, and that they had honestly obeyed she resolution passed at the last session nf the Legislature, and bad destroyed by fire $1,175p,934.82. The cnmmittee commended tery highly she manner in wehich she Treasurer's boks mere hept, has said nothing about the books nf the Comptroller. The report of the committee man accepted in bosh Houses, and the cnmmittee discharged. It could hr 154 CARPETnAG nULE tNO RIA On she ith day of January a resolution wsea unanimously passed by the Assembly, declaring gigantic frauds so hace been committed indivrsionaofthe proceeds of bonds issned under she lao- of ef869, chaptec 1,716, relative to the J., F. & M. Railroad, andethe Gocrnor seas directed to issue no more bonds until the validity of the act bad been dccided by the courts. On February st a resolution seas adopted ordering the arreot of M. Si. Littlefield far his failure em appear befnre the spccial commit- tee appointed so investigate the acts and doings of the J., F. & M. Railroad. Litelefield seas not arrested, and the resolution was undoubterdlypassedtoreortsmoney from him. Tbr records are replete swith such reolutions to deceice the publfic and etort money from individuals inteesteedinanyosupposed pubicnte- prise inhere she Legislatoe mould be called uyon en enable them so carry such enterprises inoorxecutioe. The Legislatuce of tf71 yassed a concurrent resolution, which emanated from Furman and his immediate carpetbag associates, authorieing the appointment of a committee of floe, three from the Assembly and two fromthenfenate,to proceed to the officerof the Treas- ureof the State and 'Iinspect, examine and compare the books, files and acconts and records of the same, and to cancel and destroy all Comntroller's macrants and Tro sue's cetificates that may have been recisved and on file in said office, excepting warrants issued under she act approced February 18, x870a, knomn as greenbach scrip." The committee wsea directed so make a full report to the Legislature of the accounts and condi- tionof the Treasurer'stoffice, and the numbers and amount of marrants and scripethut may hare been cancefled and effectually destroyed by she aushoeisy of said resolution. This committee nonsumed tmenty-ane days afir she adjounment of she Legis- lature of t87s in a supposed scorching examination en find cor- ruption, They reported that their inesigation seas quite labori- nus and required deep scrutiny ino figures, and that they had honestly obeyed she resolution pasted at the last session nf the Legislature, and had destroyed by fire $1,17f,934.82t. The commitee commended rery highly the manner in wehich the Treasurer's books see kept, but said nothing about she hooks of the Comptroller. The reput of she committee seas accepted in bash Houses, and she cnmmittee discharged. ft could be  CARPETBAG RULE IN FLORIDA. 155 CARPET13AG RULE IN FLORIDA. 155 CARPETBAG RULE IN FLORIDA. 155 01CR fBrR tho toite of tho report of this comtottee that the Treasuer, CRooer, andPutmaR, the chairmoantof theccotmmit- tee, Rho had Rot beeR ceey intiote bedfellowso, Rowte hcame thehbestoffientds. Sotoe titoe tohseqoeot to the adoptiot of thio repoet, it teat diseoeeed that somoo of oho committtee toost hoot foltet osleop, at thiety thtousaod dollaet, oe theeeaboutt, of th cootificates repootod to haoo hoeeo cancellod and denomoinated to bluae scrip," foditswayack into the Teasureyand wasaain paid hy the State. (See eepoet ofSeoate comtmitteo, journal of t872, P. 377.) At this sestion of the Legislatuee rebhellioot ootheeakt hy theecolored membhers were veey freqeqtand ditatroot to the eaepet-hag pittedee tystemo. The delefation elocted feomt Leon county, all colored, teatelectedaainstthe deadly oppositiontof the Binf, aod stood oppoted to the tystem of ploodee, which had heenoinaguated ioalmotteveycoatty of the State. The auothor of this woerk and Joho WV. Wyatt had been fought very hitoetly hythe ring durinf thoie canvass in 1871 foe the Legis- lataee, aod it teat wthitpered that fraod Rould he committed to keepusotof ooe seats; hot the Rhites inotheecounty stood with at at against the ring, and therefore they tee Rfaid to attempttit. Oteecanimafine ahouthowomuchtloe exitted hetweeno the Leoteoutty delegationo atd the ring. W. HS. Gleasot atd othee caepet-haggets, thinhitg 00 BooR fet eid of Reed hy impeaehmet, cometneced gettitg theie ochemoes in reeoditess foe teantfoematiotn ito tates. At infaousotchem~e teat iteodoced hy Gleason, of Dade, a Ito atthoeiee corpora- tiaostochange theie nam~es, ctoolidate oheir capital stockh atd mterfe theie coepoeate powers." Thit meatuee teat adopted hy the caucus wthoot aty apparett oppetitiot, the Leot dele- gatiot Rot voting foe te againt the tteatoee iR oh e caucus. Thit actiot o the poet of the delegatiot led Gleasot atd the othee memeee it the schemte to helieoe that all preet wee hootd hy the aetiot of the caocos. The Demooceats of the Assemly weeetifiedatot the actiot tf the eaucos atd ageed to hald themsetves it eeaditess foe a geatd asoat agait the hill whet it eame op for Eonsideeatiot. Whet the meat- areeeametup foe Stnat eottideeatiot, Gleasat, tow confident seet feom the time of the eepoet of thit etommittee that the Teeasoree, Conover, andPtma, the chaiematofthe cmmt- tee, who had nt heet veey itimate hedifellotet, tow hecame the host of frientds, Some timeosubsequent othe adoption of thiterepotit wat discoeeed that tome of the committee moot hove fallen asleep, at thiety thoosaod dollaes, te theeeahouts, of the certificates eepoeted thavehbeeneaceled atd deoomiatedao'hblue scrip," found its way back into the Treasoey and weat agait ptid hy the State. (See report ofSeoaoe committoe, jootoal of 1871, P. 377.) At Ohio sessiot of the Legislatoee rehelliouootoheaho hy the coloeed memheesowereery fequentanddisasteousotothe eaepet-hag plotdee tyotem. The delegotiot elected feom Leoo cootty, alt colaeed, teat elected agoitot the deadly oppotitiot of the eitg, and mtood oppoted to the sytem of plotdee, which had heen itaugoeoted it almost every cooty of the State. The authoe of this woerk atd Jthn WV. Wyatt had heet foaght eey hitteely hy.the ring doeitg theie caneato it 1871 foe the Legit- latoee, aod it teat whispeeed that feaad 'woald he committed to heep 00 outoof ate seats; hot the tehitet inthle cootty tood with us 00 againt the eieg, and theeeforeetheyee afraidoattemptoit. Ote catimaginoe ahouthow mochloe etioted hetweet the Leotecooty delegatiot atd the eiog. W. Ht. Gleatot atd othee caepet-haggees, thithitg to sooo get eid ef Reed hy impeachmenot, commenced gettitg theie tchemes ino eeaditess foeoeraoofoemaotioito law. At itfamousotcheme teat itreodoeed hy Gleatot, of Dade, " to authoeize corpoea- tieo to chatge theie tomet, cottsolidate theie capital toch atdttege oheirceoeporaeptweet." Thio measue woo adopted hy ohe caucus without aty appaent oppotitiono, the LeeR dele- gatiot nat voting foe oe agaitot the meastee intoh e caucas. This action ot the paro of the delegatiot ted Gleatot and the ohee memersee it the scheme to helieve that all peetwr hound hy the aetiot of the caucus. The Democeats of the Assembhly weee totified ot to the actiot of ohe caocts atd ageeed to hold themoelet in eeaditess foe a geatd atoautl againt the hilt whet it eame op foe cotoideeation. Whet the meat- mre came op foe Stnat eotoideeatiot, Gleasot, tote cotfidet seet feom the time of the eepoet of thio cootmittee tht the Teeasuoee, Cotocee, and Poemat, the chitrimat of the commit- tee, who had ot heeo very itimate hedfellowso, Row became thehbestof feiends. Some timeosubsequent to the adoptiot of thisoeepoet, it was discovered that tome of the committee moot hate fallee asleep, to ohiety thousand dolltee, te ohereahoot, of the ceetificaotes eepoted tohaveheencaceled and denominated at"hloe scip,",footd its way hach inoto the Teeoaeuy tad teat again paid hy the State. (See reyoet ofSenate committee, jornRal Rf 0870, P. 377.) At this session of the Legislattee rehelliooo ooohreahs hy the coloeed memheesowereereyfeeqoentaatddisasteousotothe caepet-hag plunderetystem. The dclegation elected from Leot counoty, alt coloeed, woo elected aginRt the deadly opposititon of the eing, atd mtood oppoted to the optem of plundee, which had heet iaugueatedinlmot every coottyofothe State. The aothoe ef this woeh atd Joht W. Wyatt had heet fought Cery hitteely hyothe eitg doeing theie canvass in 1871 fte the Legit- lattee, and it teat whispeeed that feaod would he committed totkeep tsou ofo soeeats; hot the whites inthecouoty stood with usoot agait the eing, and thereforeetheymee afradtotattemptit. One canoimagie aothowemoch loe etxioted hetweet the Leotecoto delegationo atd the Brg. W. H. Gleatot atd othee caepet-hofgee, thithitg to toot get eidof Reedhby impeachmet, commetced gettitg theie ochemet it eeadiest foretransfoemation intolawL, At ifamooocheme teat itotduced hy Gleatoe, of Dade, aIte athoeize coepoet- otio to chanoge oheie Ramet, ctoolidate theie capital stoch atd meege theie coepteate poweet." Thit meaooee teat adopted hy oh e caucus wiohoot aty appaent opposition, the Leot dele- gatiot tot voting foe r againot the measuee intoh e cauocut. Thio action ton the poet Rf the delegatiot led Gleaon and the athee memheeo iR the scheme to helieve that all peenet wee htotnd hy the actono of oh e caucu. The Democeats of the Assemly weeentoified astto the actono of ohe caaeas atd ageeed to hold ohemoelet in eeaditeso foe a gratd atoautl agait the hill whet it eatte op foe eotsideeatiot. Whet the meat- tee came op fee fital consoideeation, Gleatot, noow c~ofidet  x56 CARPRTBAG RULE IN FLORIDA. that things sere all right, led off in suppnrt of the bill. The Leon delegation folloned in opposition, nook to the suepeise of Gleason and the othee friends of the bill. Long fanes coldhnediscoverendnamongsthesnemnbnstofthering asshe Dentocrats noold applaod John WV. Wyatt, colored, as he tkonderod against the bill. Thit tsneect of Mn. Wyatt s the firstevner ordeed spreeadon thn jounal inthe sLegislature of Florida. The speenh seas as followst MtR. SPEAKER: Thete is to all appeaeannes a dank and hidden senaning eneloped in the bill nose before this Assetmbly, inteoducnd hy the honorahle semsber fenom Dade, sehich I desie so naill nttention so. The title of this bill is to "authorize noeporations to cbange theie namees, consolidate theircnapital stank, and nmege themr nonponate poseres." Wenshould ponderseelloovereachsentenceesebeaned in the tite. In the fiest plane sehy souold corporadions desie so nonsobidate unlesshbytheounityadoaliton thsformsed they intended to become nonest and extendedypowee, gonening the people and enernising an influesnce, the maognitude of sehich would appall as? Then agnin, this nonsolidation of poser senuldsweldnapowerfulinluenceforgoodnorenil, and epei- ence and history funishes profthatage,all-asobingse- ponies geneeally esteet theirninluenne in as nodl ditention. Such aononsobidatinseouldengender dissasisfandion and noose disoeder and disseess aseong coeporations nf lens seight, and weoldbe fraughtseithnmnydisdntangesto parties desiing so inness a stal amnount of napisal. Capital needs no legislation in order to provide fortittose. Caphtal is strong enough so take careeand pronide foritselfbtopoationsoaeoadangeos poser, espenially large 01 cnolidated norpoeatdons, and tes Amserinan people feae these and siese thetm wish distross. Take, foe instanne, the Pennsylvania Centeal Raileoad, sehich has and is daily ennirclisg seith ensended onstshe ssealler roads apderailseaynnorpoeaiossthrougkouttheUnin. As a eesult of such consolidations,lnokswhat a stretnh ofpoee and authoeity is pinned seithin she hands of Thomeas hnott, tke presidentofshataioad. We, wehonre heein loida, cannosonceiveof theoastness of his scheees. Weane too far reseoned feose his hield of opeeations, hast Iase nrediblp infonrmed that, hynseansofskhepsee thatlke and his boord of dircons possess, they carry eveeptking desieed thtnughout tke State nf Pennsyieania. W seant no Tans Scotts, fins Pinksor nePaneid/ in this 15 CRETA onnnoRULE Nt LORIDA. skat things sete all eight, led off in suppors nf the bill. The Leon delegation folloseed in oppositin, seuch to tke soepeise of Gleason and the othee friends of the bill. Lang fanes ncoldbediscoveedanongtheotmembersofstheering asste Dentoceats ncold applaud Joho Wt. Wyatt, coloed, as ke thundeed against the bill. This speenb of Mn. Wyatt seas she hens enee ordered speead on the jouenal hntshe Legislature of Florida. The speech seas as folloss bin. SEAKERn: There is to all appeaances a dank and hiddeo meaning enveloped io she bill nose hefoe this Assemobly, insrodoned by she honoable membhee frose Dade, sehich I desine so naill attention to. The title of this bill is to "authoeize coeporasions so nhange theie nanses, cnsolidate theie napital stonk, and ntnrge shae norpoeate powees." Wenshouldponderseell overneach sentenceesebeaced in thedtite. In she berst piano sehy should noepoeatdosedesireeto nonsobidate unless by the unity andoaolitionotkasfoermed tkey intended to henosee a nast and exsendedypowee, gonerniogethe people and esencising an influence, the meagohtude of sehich seould appall ns P Then again, thin consolidatinofa poser seoldseield apoeefulhiluence foregoodorevil,and expei- enceandkistory furishes poof thatlage,al-absobigtose- ponies generally exert theie influence in an nail direction. Such aoconsolidadinseould engender dissatisfaction andcas disorden and distess ameong coeporadions nf less seeight, and seouldbe frughtseithsmany disadntageso partiessdesiing to mnet a smeall amsoant of capital. Capital needs no legislation in order to peoide foe its one. Capital is strosg esough so tobe careeand providelforitself, hot corpoaions ae adongetous pnsee, especially laege oe eonsolidated corepoeasions, and Ike American people fear these and vinew thetm seith distrust. Take, foe instance, the Pnnsylvania Central Railroad, sehich has and is dadlyeniecling seith eotended anses she smallee eoads apderahseayoreporationssthronghoutthbeUnio. As a result of nook consolidaions, looksebhatastetchof poen and authority is placed seithis the hands of Thoseas hoots, thepesident of thatodnload. We,sehnnaeehene inFloida, cnsnotoconceive of the vastness nf his schkes. We are tno fae reesoved frose his hield of opeadions, hot I ase credibly infoermed that, byseeansnfsthepoee that he and his booed nf diectsts possess, tkey nanny eveything desired throughout the State of Pennsylevania. W seant no Tons Sctt/, is Fiada on Vaandd/alt in this tkat things sere all night, led off in suppors of tke bill. The Lean delegation follosed is opposition, seonh to the sunpnise of Gleason and the osher frends of she hhll. Long facns could bn discoverdoamong theosmesbesof thenring as the Dentocrats nould opplaud John WV. Wyatt, coloed, as he shundered against she bill. This speech of Me. W~yatt seas Ike hoost noner ordered spead as the jounal in the Legislature of Florida. Thn speech seas as follows: bMn. SPEAnERn There is to all appeanancns a dank and hidden meaoning enveloped in the bill nos e foe this Assemebly, introduced by sthe honorable nener hrose Dade, sehich t desie to nodl attention to. The title of Ibis bill is to "authorize corporasions to change ther namees, cnsolidate their capital stank, and sernge skein corporate poserns." Xennhnuld pondes ellovernnachsenntneebracd in theddite. tn thehnist plaeehy sholdcopoations desire to nonsolidate unless by the unity and coalidon shot formeed they intended so becosee anvass and exteodedpoer, governing the people and exercising an inunce, tke seagnitude of wehinh seould appall as ? Tknn again, this consolidatinn nf posern seouldseield apoerefulinfluenceforegoodorteil,nd epei- ence andkistoy funises poof thalage, aI-asoring cose- ponies geneadly nones ther influncn is as nodl directnon. Such anoonsolidatin seould engender dissasisfaction and noose disorder and dissents aong corporathons of less seight, and seouldbe fraughtseithseany disadvantagestopartisdesiing so invest a smalil aseont of capital. Capital needs no legislation in order no prnnide foe ins one. Capitol isnstrong enough to take careeandprnoidefnrhtself, bat corporations area dngerous pnser, espncially lange nr cnsolidaed conporatioss, and she Asereican people Peon these and viens thesm seith distrust. Take, foe istance, eke Pennsylvania Censral Railroad, wehich has and is dadly encircling seith extended arses the smaller rnads apdadseayncorporationssthroughout thenUnin. Asoa result of such conolindatins, lookswhatoastretchnfpoere and authority is placed weithin the hands of Thnomas Sott, tke presidentsofshatradlrod. We, seho one knere in lorida, cn onneconv of she nostness nf his schems. We one too fan rensoved Pea se kield nf operations, hot I ame credibly informsed shot, hy seans of she poern shot he and his kboard of dieors possess, they nanny enerything desied throughout she State of Pennsylvani. W Rant Ro Tns Scot/a, is Fiaka on Vanderbilt; in skin  CARPETOBAG RULE tIN FLORIDA. 157 Stote to gotern to, by manss of tchich they weould influeoce leg- islasion seodiog to edvooce persotnal ioteeett. The great cuese of Floeido has heeo dithtoest coeporatioas, riags and cliqes, with ant eye single to theirecetaol interest, ood if thit hill it toffeed to post this Asseomhly, ie toy opitniont swetooy lookhforeacotintuatiotsofohbusesoond atasoepatioctof theerights of cieieestwho mayhbeopposed to the eiltachin- ttossoch at a00 genetotly teeted lby consolidated hodiot. The tecond claese io the title of this hill it to cootolidate theie capitol steel. Whet a polpahie faece!l Looh, geotletoen, thorooghly itothit teoteece. If tech glarieg oppeetooitiet fee stioding,and forciog pecaoceetedarese,oaefotteeedeond encooraged hy thit Astetmhly, twe wcoold he denounced and ospesotsofoafool tuee hcastat ourechaeacte,oeeh y ooe constateots. They seod at here to legislate wcitely foe the good of the people of this Stote, and not to faoo joht aod scheatet thee emnaeato the heals of pohltial teichttees, aod intrigoiog ad designingparties. We ate heee foe a differeot peepose. We are assembhled bere to guaed the interests of this State. Does this masueeot hefoesteod so fostee at enaoce the cooditios of chit State ? Not1 It is ploaly a cercive moeosute, intended to eogolf the capitol of miora corporatons. Were this hilt te pass, aten of limtited mteans coould he etr~eeaely cautosotincosting in orgiving aid co corpora- tiotts, foe fees their cepital stock wsould he oswollowced uphby soatetotteeriogond unsouod institutionaodoused toholsteeeup and furaish edditiaonal streeogth to a eatten corpoations. Whet asstteattce woold he gicen to the tiority of saock- holderc of a comanay, that hod heen ateeged into aothee ad their copitat stock cotnselidated, that woutld satisfy theat that thcie tights weould he safely pratected abtec haviog hees coerced sate a scheome which they sapposed ta he fettudolent? The lost clause int this title is, ''to aterge theie coepoeate poees." This senteoce certainaly seeds ceteful exaatinetioa, forctcaneodily seeethat itewill peoveaost dangeeouscombhi- aetionsofpoee,ond it shauldhbestensouslyopposedhbythe wshole steogth of this Assetohly. Each coepotation has ceetais posters ad peisileges emohodiedtsithinitsssphereeoffctiont, and it it ntow proposed to aterge the poees of the different coepoeotioassand eatheoce theto all in oae strong ad all-potserftal coathittation. The eecet expaee of the Tamtmany Ring int NewhYaek has satisfied all cight thiaking toett that the powtee exetcised by stong hodics, comspascdof manaycoepoeaeios, is the atost dageeroas to the pablic good and safety. Theefore is ill hecomtes as to CAETBAGe ocLE to FLORIDA. 157 State ta gocern us, by ateaos of wchich they wcould itfleoce leg- itlesion tending to edvence pecontal inteeests. Thegeetcurse of Floridahashbeenodishoestcorpoetiont, eings and cliqoes,tcioh an eye siegle to theie cetraliterest, and if this bill is suffered to pets this Astembhly, in toy epinoa wceatay look foe acontinationsof abases and aesucpation of theerights of citizentstwhoeayhbeopposedtoshe eiloechia- tiasetuch as ate geneeelly esettedby consolidetedhbodies. Tbeeontd claese int the title of this hill esta cosolidate their capital stock. Whet e polpahle feece ! Loak, gestlemten, thoeaughly ino this sentence. If each glariog apportuntities foe swindling,eondfocitgpecoceette eses,eefosteeed and cncoueagcd hy this Ascembhly, sce would he desouttced and aspersosf afoulnatueeecast atorcharecte,evenshy oue constituents. They send use here to legislate wcisely taor the good of the people of this State, and ttat to facoc johs eod schems that eanate feo.a the hcain of political trickstees, and inteigaing and designing peeties. We are heee fee a different puepose. We ate asseathled here to gueed the isterests of this Stete. Daes thi measue nots before as teeod to fastee or enhattce the coditiaon af this State? Noti It is plainly a ceccive matesuee, intended to engulf the capitol ttf mciaoe corporations. Wee this hill to pass, toes af liatited mans woold he exteomely caotious ahoutincesting in oregiving aid ta coepora- tions, foe feae sheir capital stock wcould he swaollowted ophby somsetotteringeand usouned institutio,adusedtoeholsteeoup and furishoaddiional streengthtoa roattencorportion. Whet assoraoce tcould he giccn to tho smisority ttf stock- holdees of a comspatty, that had hoes ateeged ino attothee and shae cepital stock cosolidated, chat wcoeld satisff thems that theic eights wsoold he safely proteceed abtet having heescoerced inoascheate wchich they supposed so he feoaudulent? The lost clause is this title is, "1to meege their coepeease potsers." This sentence certeinly seeds caeeful examinatsias, foretcanoreadily seesthatittsill procea most dengerous comhi- natiottof poer, and it shoueld he steenuoasly opposed by the wshele steth of this Assembhly. Each corpoaioni has certaie pttwees and peivileges eathodied wtsihin ice sphere of action, and is is ot protposed to msegethe ptowesofhe diffeetcortpoationsandembhtae chemt all int otte stetog ettd all-powerful caohbinatios. Thecrecens extposofthe Tamanty Rig inNewsYorkhs satisfied all eight thinhiog toes chat the powter exerciced by stong bodies, comeposed of anycoptrations, is she most dangertous to the public good sod safety. Theeefore it ill becomses as to toPEBA RUEINFORIDA. 157 State to goceto as, by meeans of wchich they ould inflence leg- islation sendiog to advaoce peesoal inteeests. Tyhe greet cuese of Floeide hoe beoo dish onest coepoeetions, riogs andcliqocs,twithean eye single to sheie cetraeliterest, and if this hill is suffered te passtshis Assembhly, is toy opiniaon wcemaylookhforeacotineuatnofahuses and ausoepetionaf therightseofciieos wchoeybeopposedetothe eiloachin- tiots tech es ere geneelly eseredhby coslbdeted bodies. The second clause is the title of this hill is to consolidase their cepital stack. What a pelpable faece 1 Lash, geatleteno, thoroughly ino this sootesce. If tech glariog opportunities fac swindling,ond foccing pecooceetedameeses, aefosteeedesnd encoucaged hy this Ataeemhly, 0e twould he denaoced and aspesionsofeafou ae tree casta at rchractee, ecenby oue onstitests. They seod as here ta legislate wtisely lortshe good ttf she people of this State, and ot to faces johe and scheates shot eaate brothe hrainsofpliticl ticstor, and inteiguiog and designing peies. We aee bere fee a differetnt purpose. We ate assemebled here so guard the inteests af this State. Dots this metasere eats heforte ustettd ttt fosser at tnanece she condition of this State ? Not Is is plainly a coercice ateasece, intended to engulf she capital of mittor carpoations. Wee this bill so pass, men of lisied mas tsould he etreatelypcautious ahoutinvesting in orgiving aid so corpora- siosc, fee feat theic capital stack wcould he swcalloswed op by somoetotteringand unsoondinstitutioneodasedcttholerup ad furoish addiciosal stresgth so a rttes corporation. What assetance wcauld he gicto to the atittority ttf stock- haldees of acomopan, that had been ateeged ino anttaher and cheir capital stack cottsolidated, that wcould satisfy theme chat eheit eights would he safely peotected abtet hacing beta coerced inoa scheate wchich they sapposed so he fraudulent? The lass clase int this title is, I"ta erge theit corporate potsers." This sentence certainly seeds careful esxatinttioa, foelIcanseadily seethatit willtprocea tot dantgeoscosmhi- nationoof paoe,andit shouldhbestenously opposedhbythe tshole steogth of chit Asseembly. Each ceeporation has certain pats and pcisileges eathadiedewithin iis spheeofecios, asd it is nowcproposedsto amergethetpoesof the difeetctpoations adeshtce cheat all is tone strong and all-poerful coooisatios. Tberecent expose ofthe Tamanay Ring inNew Yorhs satisfied all eight thiskiog toeo that the powes esercised by strosg bodies, comosed of anycorporations, is she tot danogatas so she public goad aod safety. Theefoe is ill hecomses ostto  158 CARPETBAG RULE IN FLORIDA. pass a bill enveloped in darkness, as the title to this bill indi- cates it to be. The gentleman who introduced this bill, it would seem, has a hobby for corporations. I am credibly informed that his sig- nature is attached to no less than eight articles of association in this State. Doubtless the true intent of this bill is to consolidate these eight corporations, with their powers and capital stock, into one grand scheme for the controlling of future public works requiring State aid. As a sample of the magnitude and grand- ness of these schemes, I will here state that one of the eight corporations above mentioned declares its capital at ten millions of dollars. The shares are fixed at the low price of one hun- dred thousand dollars each. By referring to the Laws of 1868, Chapter 1,639, No. 15, t find an exhaustive law on corporations, which fully dictates their duties, powers and liabilities, etc., and I deem it imprudent to interfere with this law, because I find it fully answers all the requirements of a legal body corporate. Therefore, Mr. Speaker, as there is much doubt and uncertainty existing regarding the usefulness and effectiveness, in a right direction, of the powers which this bill would grant, I move that it be indefinitely postponed. We now come to the last and most desperate attempt to get rid of Governor Reed by impeachment. This time the farce was not conducted with even the faint semblance of fairness which was displayed in the last attempt. The ring being out- generaled in their former attempts, were determined to conduct things on the exparte and Star Chamber plan. The resolution of investigation did not mention the name of Governor Reed, but State officials; and the less informed members of the Legis- lature did not know what was going on. During the investiga- tion, Republican caucuses were held in the Assembly hall two and three times a week, and the state of the country and the Republican party were fully discussed. Cessna, the chairman of the Committee on Investigation, would be put forward to stir the blood of the colored brother by singing I " John Brown's body lies mouldering in the clay," " Sherman's March through Georgia," etc. While singing these songs Cessna could imitate the plantation negro preacher in looks, voice and acts as no other carpet-bagger could, and in many instances could put to shame the best negro minstrel. These songs being considered old freedom songs, made Cessna very popular with most of the colored memberi. Nothing would be said in the caucus with I58 CARPETBAG RULE IN FLORIDA. pass a bill enveloped in darkness, as the title to this bill indi- cates it to be. The gentleman who introduced this bill, it would seem, has a hobby for corporations. I am credibly informed that his sig- nature is attached to no less than eight articles of association in this State. Doubtless the true intent of this bill is to consolidate these eight corporations, with their powers and capital stock, into one grand scheme for the controlling of future public works requiring State aid. As a sample of the magnitude and grand- ness of these schemes, I will here state that one of the eight corporations above mentioned declares its capital at ten millions of dollars. The shares are fixed at the low price of one hun- dred thousand dollars each. By referring to the Laws of 1868, Chapter 1,f639, No. 15, I find an exhaustive law on corporations, which fully dictates their duties, powers and liabilities, etc., and I deem it imprudent to interfere with this law, because I find it fully answers all the requirements of a legal body corporate. Therefore, Mr. Speaker, as there is much doubt and uncertainty existing regarding the usefulness and effectiveness, in a right direction, of the powers which this bill would grant, I move that it be indefinitely postponed. We now come to the last and most desperate attempt to get rid of Governor Reed by impeachment. This time the farce was not conducted with even the faint semblance of fairness which was displayed in the last attempt. The Ting being out- generaled in their former attempts, were determined to conduct things on the exparte and Star Chamber plan. The resolution of investigation did not mention the name of Governor Reed, but State officials; and the less informed members of the Legis- lature did not know what was going on. During the investiga- tion, Republican caucuses were held in the Assembly hall two and three times a week, and the state of the country and the Republican party were fully discussed. Cessna, the chairman of the Committee on Investigation, would be put forward to stir the blood of the colored brother by singing " John Brown's body lies mouldering in the clay," " Sherman's March through Georgia," etc. While singing these songs Cessna could imitate the plantation negro preacher in looks, voice and acts as no other carpet-bagger could, and in many instances could put to shame the best negro minstrel. These songs being considered old freedom songs, made Cessna very popular with most of the colored memberi. Nothing would be said in the caucus with 158 cARPETBAG RULE IN FLRIDA. pass a bill enveloped in darkness, as the title to this bill indi- cates it to be. The gentleman who introduced this bill, it would seem, has a hobby for corporations. I am credibly informed that his sig- nature is attached to no less than eight articles of association in this State. Doubtless the true intent of this bill is to consolidate these eight corporations, with their powers and capital stock, into one grand scheme for the controlling of future public works requiring State aid. As a sample of the magnitude and grand- ness of these schemes, I will here state that one of the eight corporations above mentioned declares its capital at ten millions of dollars. The shares are fixed at the low price of one hun- dred thousand dollars each. By referring to the Laws of 1868, Chapter 1,639, No. 15, I find an exhaustive law on corporations, which fully dictates their duties, powers and liabilities, etc., and I deem it imprudent to interfere with this law, because I find it fully answers all the requirements of a legal body corporate. Therefore, Mr. Speaker, as there is much doubt and uncertainty existing regarding the usefulness and effectiveness, in a right direction, of the powers which this bill would grant, I move that it be indefinitely postponed. We now come to the last and most desperate attempt to get rid of Governor Reed by impeachment. This time the farce was not conducted with even the faint semblance of fairness which was displayed in the last attempt. The ring being out- generaled in their former attempts, were determined to conduct things on the ex parte and Star Chamber plan. The resolution of investigation did not mention the name of Governor Reed, but State officials; and the less informed members of the Legis- lature did not know what was going on. During the investiga- tion, Republican caucuses were held in the Assembly hall two and three times a week, and the state of the country and the Republican party were fully discussed. Cessna, the chairman of the Committee on Investigation, would be put forward to stir the blood of the colored brother by singing "John Brown's body lies mouldering in the clay," " Sherman's March through Georgia," etc. While singing these songs Cessna could imitate the plantation negro preacher in looks, voice and acts as no other carpet-bagger could, and in many instances could put to shame the best negro minstrel. These songs being considered old freedom songs, made Cessna very popular with most of the colored members. Nothing would be said in the caucus with  CARPTBAGRULEIN FORID. t15 refeence to imopeachmeot, but Potoon woold bo oo hood to detounotte Reed and tell thotcolorod brothor '' if God would toke Rood out of theo wooy it weould be betteo ltohemo ood the Ropob- licano potty." Tis atgouoeot, in onooctioo ttith Cesonous toogs, ltodgteaotofftet o oay ofoftetooedoteobertoood oothe loot iofototed whiteooto'oell. The moot of tht Deocoratic moombesotothioosesio,oasio tboforoooososion, weoeoio for of iompeoohmoeot, not hecoooe thoy belietod Roedos troducoers were honetthot boceose thoy knootobot eootyoattoott iompoehoetouold strenthleo thoeo ood ioopooil booest Ropob- lit0anism On the 6th of Fobtooty, Cosstoot onvetigotiog coommitoee maodeitsoreport, whichmwasfoodedmith oouoerooochorgesginst Goveot Roed. Tbes c horge otuooded to very doaoofing thot soomeof theGoveror'sotitimaotofrieodstwere deceivod by thor n od woot to him ond osbed hito to teoigo his offi0. The Gooernootsoid to theo thbtif the Logislatureouold bitt him oo hoff hoot ho moold oefotetooccesofllyevory chorge they, hod reopoetedgithi,oondhoieftyeftly cofdettht ho would he eleotly toeeeted, if hie weoro olfowtod ohoorinoghbefore the High Coort of Impecmont, io toot ho thoofd ho impoehed hy the Asembly. Joho R.hScott, otDuvof Cooutyo poho in faoo of Gooeroor Rood, hot otermords, oo moo foeaorrooged, v~oted forthoeeoretforothe osuoocoosiderotioo. Theotepoet taoooooimoolydopotod, ood Gotetnot Rood otood toopeoded. The roport moo ordered spreaod oo tejoorool, hot it, with tho allegedoovidence, moo ooppreooed, ood even the order duet oot oppeorcupon ohe jootool. Gooeort Reedmototoeer olfomed to hom twhot ollegotioos mete mode. A comomittee of seen moo oppoioted to immediately preoeot ortices of impeochooeot to the henote. Aoothee tommittee of throt moo oppoioted by the choir to go to the Senateoand at the hoe thereof, in the nome of the Assemlyoondofoallthe people ofFoid, to impeochfloeeisoo ReedGoveenor of Floridoof high ceimesood midemoeaooe to office, aod that the tomomittee demaod that the Seoate tube toedee for the aforeesaidHarrisonoReedto oosetoosaid impeoch. mteot. Boyd, CessnooodDokemeeoppoioted as oaid toot- oitee. Theommeitteeperformed itsduty,oandthe Seootetooh oedee occoediegly. A cotooittee cootiotiog of Cesno, Groaoom, CARPTBAGRUL IN LORIA. 59 efereoceto imptemetbut Poeuta oold ho oo hood to denounce Reed and tell thetcolored brothee "'if God mould take Reed out of the moy it mould ho hetot otoem and the Repub- litoo potty." Thit argument, inocooooection with Ceoooo'o soogs, had greateffeton omany of the colored membersood onthe loot onfoemed mhitesoootell. Tbhe ost of the Demoetatic omeboroathisoessioo, asoio the former oession, meetit faot of imptachooeot, not betouse they befitted Reedos teaduers mote hooetobut betoot theyhknomthat eceryoattemptoat impeachmete mould otrentgtheo theto ood impedil honeot Repob- lieuaoism. On the 6oh of February, Cessn'sinetigating committee maode itsoeort,mwhichmwaslodedmwithonmousochagesginst Gotetot Reed. Theot chares tounooded 00 very domogiog thot somoe of te Gocernor'o moot odtmate fretdo mote decoited by them ood menotohimoondaskedbhimtoeignohioffice, The Govetnor soid to theot that if the Legiolaturetmuold five him ao boll hoot he moold refuteouccesohfull etoty chorge dty hod reported ugainst him, and foe felt perfectly confident thot be wooudbeeclearly tontetoted, ifboetr allowedoahearing befoe the High Court of Impecmeot, incaoe he ohoold ho imtopehed by the Atoembly. Joho R. Scott, of Dovol County, opoke in faor of Gutetot Reed, hot afterwards, 00 mos preaurrungod, votedlfor the repuet for the usuol consideeotioo. The report moo ooanimouslyodopted, and Goveot Reed sood suopeoded, The eeport moo orderedospretadoothejooeurna,butit,mith the alleged eideoce, moo ouppresosed, ood Otto the order doeoonot oppeor upoo the joueoal. Goterot Reedmwaooeveer ollomed to hnow ohot ollegotioom eee mode. A committee of seteo moo oppoioted to immediotely preeet ortices of imptecmeot to the Senote. Aoothee committee of three mot oppointed by the thoie to go to the Seoateondoat the hoe thereof, io theooame of the Assemblyoondofoalthe people of Florido, to impeochHrion Reed, Goverore of Floeida, of high trimesooodmidemeaooos ino office, ood thot the tommittee demood thot the Stoote toke oedee foe the oforeesidHoerisoooReed to aosmer to ooid impeoch. meet. Boyd, Cemsno oodDube meee appoioted 00 soid com- otittee. The committee peefoetoed its duty, ood the Seoate tooh *oeder occordingly. A cotmmittee consitting of Cesooo, Geohom, tAPEBA RUEItLORIDA. 159 reference to impectoeot, hoot Putomao mould be oo hood to denoonoetReedoondtell theoloedhbother "'ifGod would tke Reed outof themoayitmoldeeterforetheoooodtheRepb- licoo potty." Thio aegument, ioeooonoctioo otith Cessat oongo, hodgreot effect omyo ftheoloed moersood oothe leoo iofoomed mhites 00 well- The moot of the Demoerotic memhetstotthieiuon, oo in the foooee oessiton, weeio faot of imptecmeot, 000 beoouse they bolieeed Reedos trodueto mere hootot, hot beocouse they hoewmthat tevery attempot 00 impeochmeotouold otrentheo them ood impetil hootot Repub- licaoism. On the 6hhof February,Cessna'soinvestigating committee madeitterepot,mwhichmwaofoodedmithoomousochagesogiot Gotetort Reed. Thetethes soouoded to very damogiog ohot oome ofbtoeGoereor'smostitiomatefriendmere deceived by them ond ment tohimoondoskedbhim toesdgohisoffie. The Gooeeor told to theo tohat if the Legislatotemwoold gie him 00 hotf bout he mould refutecessfolly yevoery choege they had repoeted agoinst him, aod bie felt yerfeyconfidet thothe mould be cearty eoneooted, if hemwere ollomed u heoringhbefoe the High Coourt of Imopeachment, io ceu he ohoold be imptehed by the Aooembly. John R. Scott, of Duval Couty, opoke in faor of Goverot Reed, bot ohterwards, ot moo yreoteaoged, votedlfor the eeport foe the uouol considerotioo. The teport moo uoonomouoly adopted, ond Govetot Reed otood ouopended. The tepoet moo oedered opread on the joornol, bothi, mith the alleged etideoce, moo ooppeed, ood even the oeder doto ot appeae upoo the joueool. Govetort Reedmooo eeroallumed to bom wboe ollegotiooo mete mode. A toommittee of seven moo oppoioted to imtoediately peent ortices of imptecmeot to the Senate. Aothee committee of three moo oppoioted by the chaie to go to the Seooteondoat the hoe thereof, inothenome of the Aseemblyuondf offl the people of Florido, to impetch Hoettoon ReedGoeenor of Floeid, of high crimesaod midemeaore to office, aod thot the tomtoittee demood ohot the Senaote tube tordee foe the aoreesaid Harrison Reed to oanomer to told imopeach- meet. Boyd, Cemona oandDuke mere oppoinoted 00 soid com- mtee. Thetcommihteepeefoemedittdduty,oondthe heoate took ,oedee oaccordiogly. A committee coosiotiog of Ceoooa, Grahoam,  16o CARPTAGOtRULE N FORIDA. of Mooatee, CGibt, Hiret, Johnon, Ogood anid Wallace, teat appointed to prepareeandreport articlesof impeachmtentagaint the Govereor. As ooe of the omemoheet of the commoittee, I fleere too the repoet of the incettigating commstittee floe aop othee esidences uon cwhich the sobsequent aetielet of impeach- peeeoed hy the cocmmittee wcere hated. Cettoa foiled a toll of papees out of hit poehet, wehich he said wcere the articlot he wcould peeseot. TheyhadhbeenepeparedhpyFed Docoa, Reed't oldeneomy,tmade so hecause the Goverore had tefosed to oppolothies Attotoep-Geoneral. The follooiog it the eepoet of the etomttsee appoioted to peep are the aesiclee of ompeach- Hoe. M. L. STEAoNS, Speohee of the Assemohlp: SIo-YoaehSpecial Commcitee appointedto prepaeande- poet Aeticlet of Imepeocheno ogoiost Haeeisoo Reed, Goeeeoe, heglease to eepoet foe the acsion of this Asseoshlp the acopanp leg aeticlet. W. K. CESSNA, Choiereao, CHAS. F. HIRS, C. GILLIS, EDGAR M. GRAHAM, J. W. JGHNSGN, J. WALLACE, ALPEG B. GSGGGD. ARTICLES GF IMPEACHMENT Exhihited hp the Atsemhlp of the State of Floeida, ie the nlame of themselves aed of aSl the peocple of Flotido, agaiost Hae- eison Reed, Goeee of Flotida, onmaiotenanico aed top. poet of theie impeaehmeot againtt hiot foe high ceimet and misdemeaeort in office, foe ineompetencp andmalfeaaece, ansdconlductdetrietal to good morlals: That said Haeeisont Reed, Goveeoe of Florida, an the year ofoureLorld onethousaod eight huodeed cod seventp, ateTalla- hassee, its the State of Florida, ounmiodfol of the high datiet of hit offiee, of hit oath of offiee, ansd of the requiemet of te Coestitotion that ho shall toe that the laws flee faithfully ece- 16o CARPETBAG RULE IN FL.ORIDA. of Moaaee, Gihhs, Hices, Johnson, Gtgood aod Wallce, teat appointedto prepareandeeportoecrtiles of impeachmentsagaist tho Gooetnoe. As ooe of the moemohers of the committee neesawt the eeport of the itettigatiog committee nloe anp othereevideocesuponcwhichthetohsequentaeticlestofimpach- peeseoted hp the commcittee tweee hated. Cescna polled a rl of papees oat of hit pochet, wehieh he taid wee the aeticles he woaldpesteot. Thep hadheenpepaeedhpyFed oheap, Reedsold eoemp, modeso hecaose the Goectoe had eefutod to appoiothimi Attorey-Geneeal. The followieg it the eepoet of the committee appoioted to prepae the aesiclee of itopeaeh- Hoo. M. L. STEeecS, Speakee of the Assemhlp: SIR-Y'ooeSpeial Committee oppoioted to prepareeand re- poet Aeticlet of Impeachent against Haeeisoe Reed, Goverore hegleatotrepot foe the actioe of this Assembhlp she accompaop ing rtices.W. K. CESSNA, Chairimani, CHAS. P. HIRS, C. GILLIS, EDGAR M. GRAHAM, 3. W. JGHNSGN, J. WALLACE, ALlEED B. OSGOOD. ARTICLES GE IMPEACHMENT Exhihited hp the Assemblp of the State of Floeida, ini she came of themselves aed of oll she peoplo of Florida, agaiott Hor- rison Reod, Goverer of lorida, in maintenaece atd sop- poet of theie impeaehments agaiost hios foe Sigh ceimes atnd misdemeaeoes ini office,lforinomopetencp aodmalfeasane, and conduct detrimental to goodmorals: That said Haeeisoe eed, Goeeoe of Florida, ie the year of ourLord onethousaneighthundred and seeetp,atTalla- hastee, io the State of Fioeida, unmiedful of the high dutiet of hit office, of his oath ef office, aed of the reqoleemeet cf the Ceestitutioe that he shall tee that the lace aee faithfully tee- efo CARoEToAG RULE so FLORIDA. of Manatee, Gihhs, Hitet, Johnson, Gsgood aed Wallaee, teat appointedtoprepaeeandereport articlestofimpechmentsagaint the Goetort. At one of the membheet of she commitee nvrsate the eepoet of the invescigating committee floe aop othee evidences uon wehich she suheequent aeticles of impeach- peeseoted hp she committee cere hated. Cessna polled a toll of papees out of his pochet, wohich hie said wceee the aticles he seould pesent. TheyphadheenpepaeedpylFeed oceap, Roed'stoldeeemp,tmadecso hecause the Governoe had refused to appoiot him Attorey-Genetal. The folloteing is she eepoet of the committee appointed so peepaee she aeticles of ispeach- Hoc. M. L. STEARNS, Speahee of the Assemhlp: SIo-YoureSpecial Committee appoieted to peepcreeandre port Aetces of Impeachmeet againest Haceison Reed, Goeeere hegleace to eepoet foe the aesion of this Assemhlp the accompanyp log aeticles. \V. K. CESSNA, Chaiemae, CHAS. F. HIRS, C. GILLIS, EDGAR M. GRAHAM, 3. WV. JGHNSGN, J. WALLACE, ALPEED B. OSGGGD. ARTICLES GE IIMPEACHMENT Exhihited hp the Assemhlp of the State of Floeida, ie she eame of themselves ced of all she people of Floeidc, agaiost Mar- rsnReed, Goeee of Floeida, inomaietenlance and sap- portof theie impecchentoagainst him foe high crimes and misdemeaoes ie office, foe iecompeteocypaedmalfeasace, and conduct detrimental to good morals: That said Harrison Reed, Goveenoe of Floeida, inethepear of ourLord oeshouand eight hoedeed aed seventp, at Talla- hassee, hn the State of Fioeida, ooaoiedfal of the high duties ef his office, of his octh of office, aed of the eeqoieemeet of the Coestitotioe that he shall see that the lates are faithfully ee-  cuted, did unlawfully and in violation of the Constitution and laws of the State of Florida, cause to be issued, and did himself sign his official signature as Governor, to a large number of State bonds to the amount of five hundred and twenty-eight thousand ($528,eo) dollars in excess of the amount of bonds authoried to be issued by the act of the Legislature of the State of Florida, entitled an act to alter and amend an act entitled an act to perfect the public works of the State, approved June 24, A. D. 1869, approved January 28. A. D. 870, with intent then and there to violate the said act, whereby the said Harrison Reed, Governor of Florida, did then and there commit and was guilty of a high crime in office, of imecompetency and malfea- sance. ARTICLE 1L. That in the year of our Lord one thousand eight hundred and seventy, at Tallahassee, in the State of Florida, said Harri- son Reed, Governor of Florida, unmindful of the high duties of his office, of his oath of office, and in violation of the Constitu- tion of the State of Florida, and contrary to the provisions of an act entitled an act to alter and amend an act entitled an act to perfect the public works of the State, approved June 24, A. D. 1869, approved January 28, 187o, did then and there, with intent to violate the Constitution of the State and the act afore- said, and without authority of law, fraudulently conspire to issue State bonds to the amount of one million dollars ($1,ooo,ooo), for the purpose of purchasing the stock of the Florida, Atlantic and Gulf Central Railroad Company, for the use and benefit of persons and parties, and with full knowledge ofand consent to said purpose, and in collusion with such persons and parties, for his and their pecuniary benefit, whereby said Harrison Reed, Gov- ernor of Florida, did then and there commit and was guilty of a high crime in office, and of incompetency and malfeasance. ARTICLE- IIL. That said Harrison Reed, Governor of Florida, unmindful of the high duties of his office, and of his oath of office, in the year of our Lord one thousand eight hundred and seventy, at Tallahassee, in the State of Florida, did cause to be issued and did himself sign his official signature as Governor, to one million dollars of State Bonds, for the purpose of purchasing the stock of the Florida, Atlantic and Gulf Central Railroad Company for the use and benefit of persons and parties, contrary to and in violation of the Constitution of the State of Florida, and of the laws of the State of Florida, and especially in violation of an act of the Legislature of the State of Florida, entitled an act to alte, 11 CARPETBAG RUJLE IN FLORIDA. 16I cuted, did unlawfully and in violation of the Constitution and laws of the State of Florida, cause to be issued, and did himself sign his official signature as Governor, to a large number of State bonds to the amount of five hundred and twenty-eight thousand ($528,eee) dollars in excess of the amount of bonds authorized to be issued by the act of the Legislature of the State of Florida, entitled an act to alter and amend an act entitled an act to perfect the public works of the State, approved June 24, A. D). 1869, approved January 28. A. ). T1870, with intent then and there to violate the said act, whereby the said Harrison Reed, Governor of Florida, did then and there commit and was guilty of a high crime in office, of imcompetency and malfea- sance. ARTI1CLE 1L. That in the year of our Lord one thousand eight hundred and seventy, at Tallahassee, in the State of Florida, said Harri- son Reed, Governor of Florida, unmindful of the high duties of his office, of his oath of office, and in violation of the Constitu- tion of the State of Florida, and contrary to the provisions of an act entitled an act to alter and amend an act entitled an act to perfect the public works of the State, approved June 24, A. D). 1869, approved January 28, 187o, did then and there, with intent to violate the Consttiton of the State and the act afore- said, and without authority of law, fraudulently conspire to issue State bonds to the amount of one million dollars ($1,ooo,ooo), for the purpose of purchasing the stock of the Florida, Atlantic and Gulf Central Railroad Company, for the use and benefit of persons and parties, and with full knowledge of and consent to said purpose, and in collusion with such persons and parties, for his and their pecutnary benefit, whereby said Harrison Reed, Gov- ernor of Florida, did then and there commit and was guilty of a high crime in office, and of incompetency and malfeasance. ARTICLE III. That said Harrison Reed, Governor of Florida, unmindful of the high duties of his office, and of his oath of office, in the year of our Lord one thousand eight hundred and seventy, at Tallahassee, in the State of Florida, did cause to be issued and did himself sign his official signature as Governor, to one million dollars of State Bonds, for the purpose of purchasing the stock of the Florida, Atlantic and Gulf Central Railroad Company for the use and benefit of persons and parties, contrary to and in violation of the Constitution of the State of Florida, and of the laws of the State of Florida, and especially in violation of an act of the Legislature of the State of Florida, entitled an act to alt, 11 cuted, did unlawsfully and in violation of the Constitution and laws of the State of Florida, cause to be issued, and did himself sign his official signature as Governor, to a large number of State bonds to the amount of five hundred and twenty-eight thousand ($528,ooo) dollars in excess of the amount of bonds authorized to be issued by the act of the Legislature of the State of Florida, entitled an act to alter and amend an act entitled an act to perfect the public works of the State, approved June 24, A. D. I869, approved January 28, A. D. 1870, with intent then and there to violate the said act, whereby the said Harrison Reed, Governor of Florida, did then and there commit and was guilty of a high crime in office, of imcompetency and malfea- sance. That in the year of our Lord one thousand eight hundred and seventy, at Tallahassee, in the State of Florida, said Harri- son Reed, Governor of Florida, unmindful of the high duties of his office, of his oath of office, and in violation of the Constitu- tion of the State of Florida, and contrary to the provisions of an act entitled an act to alter and amend an act entitled an act to perfect the public works of the State, approved June 24, A. D. 1869, approved January 28, 187, did then and there, with intent to violate the Constitution of the State and the act afore- said, and without authority of law, fraucdulently conspire to issue State bonds to the amount of one million dollars ($t,ooo,ooo), for the purpose of purchasing the stock of the Florida, Atlantic and Gulf Central Railroad Company, for the use and benefit of persons and parties, andwith full knowledge of and consent to said purpose, and in collusion with such persons and parties, for his and their pecuniary benefit, whereby said Harrison Reed, Gov- ernor of Florida, did then and there commit and was guilty of a high crime in office, and of incompetency and malfeasance. ARTICLE 111. That said Harrison Reed, Governor of Florida, unmindful of the high duties of his office, and of his oath of office, in the year of our Lord one thousand eight hundred and seventy, at Tallahassee, in the State of Florida, did cause to be issued and did himself sign his official signature as Governor, to one million dollars of State Bonds, for the purpose of purchasing the stock of the Florida, Atlantic and Gulf Central Railroad Company for the use and benefit of persons and parties, contrary to and in violation of the Constitution of the State of Florida, and of the laws of the State of Florida, and especially in violation of an act of the Legislature of the State of Florida, entitled an act to alte' 11  z62 CAOORETBG RULE tO FtLORtIDA. aod amenedan act eetitledcanoot to pefect the pohlicteoeks of the State, approced Jone 24, A. D. t869, approced Janocry of, A. D. t87o, aodowith itttenttttotviolotetthe lotws of the Stte of Florida,and especiallyosaidoact,heeby thesidHarisons Reed, Goceertoe of the State of Floridadid thee anddthereceem- meit and wos goiltyeofoahigh crimte in office, ond efioceompe- tecy aed emalfeasaece. Thotesaid Horrisoe Reed, Goveecoe of Florida, ie the yeoe ef oorLord onethoosood eight hoedreodoend oeoventy,oatTollo- heecee, ie the Stato of Florido, oonoitndfud of the high doties of hit office, oed of hit ooth of office, ood is violotion of the Coo- stitotion oed lotes of the State, ood especilly ofoanoct eotitled an octtocaltee andcamend, etc., did cause tohbeissued,cand did himstelf sign hit official signatotecas Goveroro, to foot moillioc dollaes of Stote hoodo foe the uot cod heoefit of the Jochsoncille, Pencooaccod Mohile Raileoad Comtpanyiothe Stote ofFloido, hoaviogfollonotice of the feoodolent tidleoftoaid cootponytoethe peopety of the Peotocolooond GeoegiooondTllahsseeeoilod, andtwith intenttooiolatetheCottitotioooend loaosofthe Stote of Florido, oed especially of the oct of the Legislotote of the Stote of Florida etitledooncetooaltertood atmendoanct ecoitledocn act topeefectothe phliceoehsofthehStcte appeovedJuneo24, A.D. 1869, oppeoced Januoey 28, AD. 1870, oheebhy the moid HarrioReed, Goernor, et. Thae said Hoeeisoo Reed, Goveenor of Floeida, incthe yeoe of ourLord oethousaneight hundredoand seceety-ocecoa Tallahassee, ie the State of Floeidc, oontiodfol of the hifh dotiet ef hit office, and of hio ooth of office, did unlRwfully conspie weithone David L. Volee, ood cith other persoos oehkoowe, to issuehbondsof theState of Florida, tothecamount ofoe mi- hioe dotlces foe thie outed heeefitof soid Yoloead othee pee- tosie siolotion of the Coostitotion oed loot of the State, cod especially of the peocisions of the oct of the Legislotote of the Stote of Floeida eneitled OR Oct to peefect the pohlic toths of the Soteo pproved Jone 24, A.D. 1869, cod wcith inenot to violatecand disregard tle saidats, wheebhtesid Harison Reed, Govetor of Florida, dlidtheccand thereecomtoitotndswas godltyofoahigh ceiote iR office ccd of incocmpeteccyand tool- ftaane 162 CRPRTBAG RULE IN FLORA. ted amenodoanoct eotidledoacctto peect the pohliceworkheof the Stote, approced June 04, A. D. 1869, approved Janoary 28, A. D. oS7o, cod oith icene to violote the loaes of the State of Florida,and epeciallyosaidoact, heebhythesid Harisont Reed, Gocotoor of the Stote of Flotida, did theo cod shere cotm- cmit aod oct goilty ofoahigh criioe in office,and of icompe- tency cod toolfeoso ce. Thottoid Horeison Reed, Goceenor of Florida, in thetyear ef ourLord oethousaed eight hondred oed seenety,oatTllo- hosse, in the State of Flotido, ootmiodhul of the high doties of hit office, cod of hit oath of office, cod in ciolation of the Coo- stitotioo cod lotoo of the Stote, aed especially of an oct ettled an actetooltee cedoaoeod, etc., did cauoeotohbeissoedood did himoself sigo hit officiol tignatureots Govetoo, to foot tmilhioo dolloec of Stato hoodt foe the use cod hecofit of the Jachoncille, Peesocolocond Mohile Roilroad Comepanyin the State of Floido, haoing follenotice of the fraudoleottidleofcsid coompaeyothe peopeety of the Peoscolo cod Georgio and Tollahastee eailtoods, cod with intent toiolte the Costituion cond lawseof the State of Flotido, and ospecially of the oct of the Logislototo of the Stote of Florida entitedcanccttolteer d oomendooo ct entitledoan actto pefect the pohhictworhsof the Stte approved Juneo24, A. D. L869, oppocod Jonuary of, A. D. t87o, wcherehy the soid Haeriton Reed, Govereor, etc. ThottsaidlHorison Reed, Govttrnot of Florido, ioethe year of oor Lord one thooscnd eight hundred cod seventy-onte, at Tallohosee, ie the Stote of Flotido, ocnoiodful of the high doties cf hit office, cod of hit oath of office, did onlowfolly coespire wsithooe David L. Ylee,oandwith other persotnsochknooncoto issuehbondsof the StateofFloida, tothecaountoof one mil- hioot dollaretfoe theouseood heotfit oftoaid Yolee cod othee pee- sons, in ViolatioR of the Conotitotioc cod loot of the Stote, acd especiolly of the provisiocs of the ct of the Legislotuee of the Socte of Florida totitled cc co to peefect the pchlic toths of the Stote, appeocod June 24, A. D. o869, acd wsith isent to violateand disregard the saidocts, wheeby the sid Harison Reed, Goveenot of Floido, didothecocnd thereecommcitcondswas guilty of ahigh criioe ic office oed oficompeteccyocnd cool- ftaane 162 CAROETRAG ROLE INON IA andoatendooo ct entitledooo ct to pefect the pohlicewoths of the Stcte, oppoced Juot 04, A. D. 1869, appeoved January o8, A. D. 187o,cand with intent tooiolate the lowt of the Stcte of Florid,oandespecially saidact, whereby the said Harison Reed, Gocetot of the Stoto Of Florida, did thee and ohettt comt- tmit cod coo goihtyofoahigh criiot ic office, and of incomope- tencyoand mlfeasacce. Thotesoid Hotrison Reed, Goverootof Floid, in the year of ourLord ooeothousandoight hoodeed and secentyo t Tlc- hoctee, io the Stote of Florido, ounoicdfol of tho high doties of hio office, ood of his ooth of office, cod in violatioc of the Con- stitution and lowt of the Stote, cod tspecially of cc oct entitled ancactolterooodoamend, etc., did coosecoohe issoodood did himselif sign his officiol sigootooecos Goceenot, to foot moiglion dollcrs of Stote hoods fot the use and hocofit of she Jacksooille, Penoocolocand Mohile Railroad Company in the Stateof Fflorida, having fogl notice of the feaodolent tidle of said comtpcey to the peoperoy of the Penoccolo and Geoegia cod Tollohossee eailroads, ted with intenttooviolate the Contitutionoand lawosofthe tate of Flotido, oed especially of the co of tho Legislotore of the Stote of lorida entitlddnoactooltereand caotodoanoat enoitledocn Oct to perfeot the pohlic toths of the State oppeoved Joce 04, A.D. L869, cpprooed Jocooty 28, A.GD.o1S7o, whetehy ohe scid HarrisoncReed, Governo, etc. Thctosaid Haerisoo Reed, Goceenor of Floid, is the yeae of ourLord onethosadighthudedt ad seveny-oe,at Tollahassee, is the Stote of Florida, uonoindful of the high duties of his Rffice, cod of his oath of office, did oclotfoilic conspite weithoneeDavid L. Yoee, aodowith othee persons unhknown, 00 issuehbondsof theoStateofFloida, tothe aounootofoe mil- hioc dollaretfoe theousecond henefit ofsaid Yoltocnd otherepee- toes, in violotioc of the Conttitution and lowt of the Stcee, ond especially of the prooisions of the act of the Legisltuore of the Stcte of Florido onoitled on oct to peefect she puhlic toths of she Stote. approoed Junte 04, A. D. 0869, cod with intece so violateand disregard tesaidoacts,weeythehsid Harison Reed, Goottoor of Florido, didethenaod thterecommoitoandtwos godltyofoahigh cricte in office and of icocpeteecyond mool- fecsance.  CARPETBAG RULE IN FLORIDA. 163 CARPETBAG RULE IN FLORIDA. 163 That Harrisotn Reed, Govrneor ofFltorida, ont oreabout the fihternth day of Noovemher, A. D. 187y, at Tallahassee, is the State of Florida, ted at diters other timres, itt the year ofottr Lord, tote thousaned eight hundred and tevety-onte. at Talla- hassee, in the State of Florida, and atNew Yorh city, tottiod. fol of the high dutiet of his office, ted of hit oath of office, and in ioltion of the Constitution and lowt of tho State, and especially in violation of the peovisions of the tct of the Legisla- toee of the State of Floeida entitted an act to perfect the yuhtic wtorhs of the State, appeoted June t4, A. D. t869, did caute to he isooed, tnd did hiotself sigo hio official signtute to one ml lion of dollaes of State hoodt foe the use ted beoefitrof one David L. Ylee, andof other persons unkhotn, wiith onteot to tiolate aod disegard the provisions of taid act, teheteby the said Haeeion Reed, Governor of Florida, did thenoandthee commoit ted was guilty of a high ceime int office tnd of incotope- tency ted mnalfeasance- That said Hareison Reed, Goteernor of Florida, in the year ofoureLoed one thousood eight hundred and sixty-nine, and in the ye of oureLord onethousand eight hondred ted sreety, ins the tcity of Nete Yoek, and at divees othee tinter ted places in said years, ounmindful of the high duties of hit office, ted of hit oath of offioe, and in violation of the Constittttion and law's of the State of Floeida, ted especially the act of the Legislatuee of the State tf Florida, entittod as act to fond tho oatstanding deht of the State, approved August 6, sf68, ted ott act entitted an act to fued the outstanding deht of the State, appeoved Feheoaey r, 169, did fetudolently conspiee wtith one Milton S. Littlefield, andswith diers othee peesos, to emhezzle thetoeyseeceioed froms the hypothectioo of Stole hoods issued undee and hy authority of the aforesaid acts of the Legislttre of the State of Floeida, tnd did emohezzlea large amouot of the moneysreceived fromethe saidhbonds, to-toit, theamtount of $2,ooo,toith itent thee ted there to oiolate the lasws of the State of Florida, ted especialy the saidtacts,twheehyaid Hareison Reed, Governor of Flotida, did then aod there commeit ted not guilty ofta high crimte is office, aed of incomepetency ted msalfeasance. That said Haeeison Reed, GotenroefFlorida, in the yeae efeour Lord one thousand eight hundred ted seventy-onte, a' That Hareisn Reed, Goveenor- of Florida, onor ahoot the fifteenth day of Noveother. A. D. 1871, at Tallahassee, is the State of Florida, ted at dicers othee times, io the yeae of oar Loed,oneethousand eight hundred and seventyoe.at Talla. hassee, in the Staterof Florida, and at Nest Yorh city, ttnmried- ftul of the high duties of his office, ted of hio oath of office, aod in violtion of the Coostitotion ted laos of the State, and esyecially io violation of the peovisions of the act of tise Legisla- tore of the State tf Floeida entitled to act to perect the yuhlic works of the State, approced Jose 24, A. D. 1869, did cause to he issued, ted did himtself oign his official signtattreteeoooettil. lioe of dollars of State hoods foe the toe and heeefitcof one David L. 'folee, ted of other persons onkowen, th inteot to violate and disregaed the provisions of said act, wherehy the said Harrison Reed, Goveernor of Floridadid thee tod thete commit ted oas goilty of a high crimte in office and of ncompe. teecy ted oalfrasae Ce. That said Harrison Reed, Govecroor of Florida, itt the year of ourLord onethousand eight hondred aod siotynine,and ie theyear of ourLord one thousand eight huoodredoend seenty, itt the city of New YfoeS, ted at divero other tines ted places in said pears, unmtiodfol of the high duties of hit office, ted of his oath of office, aod iniolation of the Constirtutioo aod laws of the State of Florida, ted especially the act of the Legistatoe of the State of Florida, entitlcd to act to food the outstanding deht of the State, approoed Aogust 6, s868, aod to octrontitled as act to fond the ootstandieg deht of the Stare, approved Fehruary 1, 869, did fetodolently conspire oith one Milton S. Littlefield, andswth diversnthee persoes, toremhezzle theoeys receied from the hypothecation of State hoed s issoed onder ted hy authority of the aforetaid acts of the Legislature of the State of Florida, ted did emhezzlet aforgo amount of the mooeys received from the said honds, to-wtit, the amount Of $22,000, wtith intent thee and there to ciolate the lawts of the State of Florida, and especiallyrthe said acts, wherehy said Harritoo Reed, Gosrnor of Florida, did thee ted there commit ted oat guitty of a high crime inoffice,and of icompeteocyad malfceasace. That sold Harrison Reed, Governor of Florida, in the year of our Lord one thouesand right hundred ted seventy-onte, a That Hareison Rood, Govrnor of Florida, ott or ahout the fifteenth day of Novrether A. D. t87t, at Tallahassee, io the State of Florida, and at divrs othee times, io the yeareof oor Lord, one thoosaod eight hundred ted sreety-one. at Talla- hatter, in the State of Florida, and as Nest Yoek city, onmind- got of the high dotieo of his officc, and of his oath of office, ted int violation of she Constitotion ted laws of the State, and especially io violatioe tf the provisions of the act of the tegisla. tore of the State of Florida rentitled to act to perfect the poblic workas of the Statr, apprced Jue 24, A. D. 1869, did caute to hr looted, ted did himrself tign his official sigroatre to one onil- lion of dollars of State hondt for thr use and hroefit of onte David L. 'falre, tod of other pertsotto unkowno, wtintoent to violate ond disregard the provsions of taid act, wtherebythe said Harrison ReedGocernor of Florida, did thenoand there commit nd oas goilty of a high crimo io office and of incompe. seocy ted malfeastoce.- That sald Harrison Reed, Goverocof Florida, in the year of oorLord oneehousand eight hoodrod ted sixty-nine,and in the year of ourLord ooerthousanddeight hondredandoeveoty, int the city of Neo 'forh, aod at dicrs other times ted places in said pers, onmindful of the high dories of his officr, ted of his oath of office, ted is ciolation of the Constituttioo ted lasts of the State of Florida, ted especially the act of the Legislatre of the State of Florida, entitled an act to food the outstandintg deht of the Store, approved Aogost 6, 1868, ted as act entitled ott act to foed the ootstanding deht of the Stare, approved Fehetary i, 869, did fraudulently conspire wtith one Milton S. Littlefield, andswth divrsrother presons,to embezzlethemoneys rceived frost the hypothecation of State hoods totued uederendhby authority of the aforesaid acts of the Legislatre of the State of Florida, ted did embezzlea large amount of the mooeys recived from the saidhbonds, toolit, the amoont Of $22,000, with intent thee and thre to ciolate the lasts of thr State of Florida, ted especially the said act, oherehy said HarrisoneReed, fGovernor of Florida, did then and thre commit ted wsta goilty ofta high crime inoffice, andof icompetency and malfeasance. That said Harrison Reed, Govrnor of Florida, in the year of our Lord one thousand eight hundred and seventy-oe,x  Ttllahtssee, int the State of Floeido, unmoindful ef the high dutiet of hit office, ted of histh of office, ted intviolationtof the Conttuetion aed lawse ef the Stte, did receive frome Miltoe S. Litelefield the tote of theee thousand geve huedred doifars tse contideratdon to itnfouettee hit efficial action int sutainieg the claimo of the Jackonoville, Penscolt cod Mtobile Railetoad Com-. pony te the tite of the peopeety ef the Petsacela ted Geeegia eed Tallohastee ted Flotida, Atlattic ted Golf Centeti Roil- rods, ted at a fuethee consideration to infotece hit official actioeintalltmattersbetweenetheState of Floridaand thetsid Jocksonvidle, Pensacola ted Mobhde RailroadCoempany, weherehy theetaidHaeiseon Reed, Goceetoredid comitoandeae godety ofoahighcietinoffice, of incomepeteecytondmlfeasoance, ted of conduct detrimetalt to good moraels. Thee said Haerison Reed, Goverttor of Florida, in the year ofeourLordoethousand eight hundeedtandiexty-eight, in the chty ofNeweYorkoad t diverstotheretimesand placeseinthe yerofoerLord oethousand eight hudredand ity-ine, unmttintdful of the high detiet of hit office ted tf hit eth of office, ted ho violtiton of the Cotetietioe ted lawse of the State of Florida, ted weith intete thenetnd there to violte and diseegord the Contdutdon ted ltaws of the Stte of Florida, did theneoedtheeconpire with tee ChorleePeodtdith tee E. B. Bolklty of the city of Noew Yooh, to defetud the Sete of Floeida of Pihtee Thousend Dolloes ($t5,eoo) of Boode of the Stote of Floridtad it pureotece oftsaidonstpiracy did defetud the Stote of Floridt of Fifteen Thoutted Dollaet tf the Bontdsof theState of Floridaoapplied to the purchase of etes and equipmeetsttfotheStteof Floridt,whereehythetsid Hoe- riete Reed, Goerenot of Fotida, did ten ted ehere cotemit tandoeasegedltyf t high crie init office ted of eincompetency ted maolfeottnce. Thee soid Haetiete Reed, Goeenet of Flotido, in the year of our Lordotne thousanod eight huntdred tnd sity-nine, at Tal- lahastee, ie the State of Florida, ueemindful tf the high duties of hit office tnd of hit oth of office, ted int violohiten of the Cee- stitotion ted loawe tf the Seote of Flotido, ted epeciolly of the oct of the Legisloture tf the State of Flteido, etieled ott tot to provtide fee ted enootoge a liherol syetemt of Intereal Imeovee- tmentetenthiseState, epproved January6, A. D. t855,tandteith foil entent to violote etid Ott, did teceite from otte 1. K. Rob- ete, Eq., int heholf of the Flotida Railrood Cotmpaey, a draft Tllahassee, int the Stte of Flotida, ueemindful of the high dutites of hit office, ted of hit oth of office, ted it violotitn of the Cotstitotite ted loot of the State, did receice feote Milton S. Litteeield the tote of three tehoutond feve hundeed dollote to consideration to enfltence hit officiol octitn in sustaining the claiietfftheJckonvidle, Peteocoltoend MohdleRaidroad Com- pato thettitleofhe popertyof the Peetocola ted Geoegit tod Tolithotee ted Flotido, Atlontic ted Golf Centrol Roil- road,oand asafurthereconiderationto ieflecehisofficil atido illttte beteeneethe State ofFloridaandethe sid Jacksonvidle, Petoocoltoend Mohile Raodomtpany, weherehy thetoaidfHarrison Reed, Gocernor, did ceomittandowas guidey ofta high critetin office, of incomtpetencytend maolfeasance, ted oftconduce deteimtetal to good teotole. Thatesaid HaerisonReed, Gernor of Florida, inethe ye ofeourLordehousantdeighthudedadixy-eigh, int the cihy ofNew Yeoe ad ot dicetsoetherteseoed placeeinothe year of ott Lord tee thosaed eight huedred and sity-ine, oeemiedful of the high dodiee of hit office anddofhisoatheof office, ted in vodation of the Contttiit ted loawe of the State of Flotido, ted weith intent thee ted thete to violte and dieegard the Costito ted lates of the State of Florida, didethead thteeconspireewith oeCharletPondtadith one E. B. Boihity of the city of Nete Yoek, to defroud the State of Flotido of Fihte Thootoed Dollote ($15,o0e) of Bonde of the State ofFloridtad in purstoece ofesaid coespiracydid deftood the Stote of Flotido of Fihteo Thoutand Dollote of the Boedseofethe StateofFloridatppied to eheytrchote ofoetee and equipmenetfotthe Stateof Florida,twherehyptheesid Hoe- rison Reed, Goveente of Ftotido, did thee ted ehete comted aedteastguiltyeoftahigh criein office ted of incotepeteecy ted maolfeasance. Thotosid Hoetittoe Reed, Goveettoe of Flotido, int the year ofeoueLoed oethoueaed eight heedredendeity-nine, at Tal- lahastee, int the Seate of Flotida, eoteindful of the high dties of histofficte dof histoath of office, ted ineviolaiooofthe Con- stitutione ted laet of the State of Florida, ted epecially of the at of the Legislotoe of the State of Flotido, entitled ott oct to peovide fee ted encootoge alihetol system of Inteteol Impoe- tetsiteehiseStte, appeovedJanearyf6, A. D. 1f55, ted wth fttll ittetet to tiolote toid act, did teceite from tee I. K. Roh- ete, Eq., int hehalf of the Florida Rtilreoad Ceompany, a draft x64 CARPETBAG ecLE tNORIA Tallahasee, int the State of Florido, unteindful of the high duetites of hit office, ted of hit oeth of office, ted inciolotioneofethe Conetitutiot ted loot of the State, did tectie feote Miltn S. Liteeheld the tote of thee ethoottand fiee hondeed dolltee to consideationetohfuencehiseofficialoacdioninsustiieghe eloite tf the Jochsonille, Peotocolo ted Mohile Roiltroad Cote- pantyto the title of the propety of the Petoocola ted Geoegit ted Tollahootee ted Flotido, Aeloetic ted Golf Ceeteol Roil- troads, ted at a further contidertion to infotece hit officiol acdionintallemttee betwteethe StteeofFloridaand thesid Jacksoville, Pensacolaandole Railroad Compay,wheeby theotaid Harrison Reed, Goceettoe, did cottotitoendots godety of a high critetie office, of incomepeteecy ted tealfeasane, ted of conduct deteimetal to good emoels. Thatetaid Hartitee Reed, Goceteot of Floridt, enthe yte of our Lordoethousand eight hudedad ixy-eight, int the chtyeof NewYorh,and at ditersttheeeiesand placestinthe yearof toer Lord tee thoutand tight huedred andesixty-nine, ounmiedful of the high dotites of hit office and ofhisoathhof office, ted it volatioe of the Coettitetiton ted loawe tf the State of Flotido, ted weith intent thee ted there to vieote and disregard the Constitutionand laws of the Stateof Floid, did thtenand thereconstpite wth tee Choelee Peed ted wih ott E. B. Boihity of the city of Nete Yech, to deftoud the Seate of Flotido of Fifteen Thotoend Dolloet ($iegeto) of Boede of the Se o f Florida,oandin pursuanceofetideonpiracy did deftoud the Seote of Floridt of Fihteen Thoutand Doltees of the Bonde of the State of Flotido opplied to the puechote of am anequipmeetstefortheStateeof Florida,wheebhpthe stid Hot- titen Reed, Govtteor of Fiotido, did ten ted tecomet andewaseguihtyeofahigh citein office ted tf incompetenecy ted maolfeotottce. Thot stid Haetitoe Reed, Goeeter of Floridt, intt he yete of orLord oethousand eight hundedandtsixty-nine,tTal- lahassee, int the Seote of Flotido, unmeindful of the high dotiet of his officetendof hiteotheof office, ted invioltinohtefhe Con- ettution ted leet of the State of Fioeido, and tespeciolly ef the oct tf the Legieltuote of the Seote of Florido, etieled an at to peovtide foe ted ecootoge a liheeti eystem of Ieteteoal Ieproe- menets to thie State, oppeteed Joanotey g, A. D. 1855, ted weith foil intent to violote stid at, did receive from otte L. K. Roh- ets, Eq., int heholf of the Plotido Raideotd Company, a deaft  CARPETBAG RULE IN FLORIDA. 165 foe the toot of Eleven Hotndred end Fotty Dolloet ($t14o) wehich eon paid inoorencey of the United States to eoid Hoerisoe Reed, Goveror aod Chaiermon of the Booed of Trustees of the Iternal ttepeooetoeot Foed of the State of hiorida, oed did teodee to the Teasurer of the Stote of FlorddoScrdpof theStotein leu of ooid correcy, wohichooosdoe tothehSinking Food onountoftoid Florido Roilrood Coetpony, owherehy the soid Horritono Reed, Goveeoe of Flordo, waseguity ofoahighceimoe inofficeoandof inomtpetencyoandmlfeasace. Thot eoid Horrisoo Reed. Goveeoe of hiorida, io the mtonth of January ofthe yearof ourLord 000 thootoed eight hoedeed ond seenety-ttoo, 01 Tollohoosee, ie the Stote of Florido, otttindtol of the high dotiet of hit offoe ood of the digeitiet and teoprieties thereof, and of tie oath of offie, and in violatiotn of the Constitution of the Stoteoondof thelaoos theeeooed w'ith intent to violate and ditreeoed hit offiia duties oand of the eequiemetetof the Coettitutioeoendtoaws of thehStote of Floe- ido, did tceespire to infoueeoe oe J. WV. Toee, o justice of the Peoce, in the eteecise of his jodiciol actioe uon0 0 Dote peed- leg hefeee I he, to-wit: ''The oose of the Stote ef Floeida against Geoege W. Stepoe," weherebhythe toid Haeeion Reed, Goo- eeeee of Florido, did thee oand theee comemit oed toot godlty of a. high oeimeeaed 'misdeomeaooinoffioeoendof incomopetencyoand maolfeatance. Thot Horrehon Reed, Gooeroe of Floeida, in the yeoe of ooreLoed onethoosood eight hdedondeety-one, at Jack- snilin the Seote of Florido, ino violotion 0f the Coetototton ond towt of the Stote of Florido, of the high doties of hit office ond of hit oath of toffioe, oand e-ith toll intent to violate and dlie- eegaed the towt of the Stole of Floeida, did otlotofolly conspire weith one Aoeon. Bartet to peostitote hit official iofloeeoe ond postidonttotheousestond puoeseof theoid Barett, intreceiving the too of Tee Thootoed IDoltaes $to,ooo) feomo the soid Boe- nett forhisofflootaoctioeoend eitueteo 0 contract foe the oonoeyaneoftIntenttImprovemtent londtto thesatdBoenett astasignee ofnsidotract fomtheJakonvile, Pensaolatand Mohile Railrood Cotmpooy, and did receieve the sadd toot of Ten Thoouoand Doltoet ($10,000) hroot the toid Bornett foe the ra on and pueposen aforenoid, wthetehy the said Horeison Reed, Goveenor of Florida, did theo aod thereecommoitoand wasnguitytofoahightorimteandoidemteanorinoffice, of icm CAP CBA CRL INO eLORIDA. t65 foe the toot of Rleven Huoodred and Foety Dofloets ($1140) wthich waotpaid inooeecy of teUnited St0aCte1 to id Hoetisnot Reed, Gooeroe aRd Chaieotan of the Booed of Teottees of the Itenal Iotprooeotent Foed of the Stote of Floeida, oand did teodee to the Teotoeee of the Stote of Flordo Sorip of the Stateeio hieo of noid creecy, tohioh oasodue to the Siohing Vood oo ooooont oftoaid Flotida Raideoad Companoy,oheeehthetsaidfHaeeisonoReed, Goveenoreof Florida, waoogoilty ofoahighocieioioffioeoondof inomopetencyandomalfeasance. Thot toid Haeriton Roed, Goveeoe of Florido, io the monothof Januoreof theyoerof ootLord ooo thootood eight hoodted ood seoeoty-two, ot Tallohaosee, in the State of Florido, ouotindfol of the high dotiet of hio offoe and of the digoitiet and propretiesttheeof. and of histoath of office,oand in violation of the Constitotion of the Stateoand of the lowt theeeof,oand w-ith intent toviolateand disre eod hisoffcial dutiesand of the reqiemetsof the Constthotioooand loostof thehtte of Floe- ido, did oonspiee to influence 000 J. WV. Toee, o jostice of the Peaoe, ino the exeeoiee of hit jutdicial action opon a cale peed- log hefore I iot, to-wit: ''IThe Date of the Stote of Floeida 0501011 George W.Soepsn," wtherehy the soid Haeeiton Reed, foe- eenooeof Flordo, did theeoandtheeoo tandwaotgodltyofo., highoerioteoandittitdeoteanoe iooffioeoandof inomoopetency oed maolfeotonoe. Thot Horeiton Reed, Gooeeoe of Floeida, in the yeoe of oureLordoethousand eight hudedadeeny-one, at JOCh- snilin the Stote of Florido, int viototioo of the Conttittton and lawo of the Stote of Floeido, of the high dotiet of hio offoe otod of hit ooth of office, ond otith lull intent to violtte otod dit- regard the lowt of the Stote of Flerdo, did otolootfolly conspire wtith oneeAaon.tBaenett to potitte hisofficial influeneeand positioneto theuseseand purposesof thesid Barnett, ineeiing thensumtof Ten ThotadDollaret($o,oo)feoot the soid Boe- nettlforhinoffioialtsanctionandnignatueto a ooteaot foe the conveyance of Iteenal Improveotentfoands to the sotd Boreett asnassigneeofnsid contract fromttheJachsonvidle, Pentacolaoand Mohdle Roileood Cotopoty, and did reeoeioe the naid loot of Ten 'Thoosond Doloets ($to,ooo) feoot the toid Boenett foe the ra onsad poepotes oforesoid, wthetehy the toid Haerison Reed, Goetoe of Florido, did then ond theee coomtotiand waotgoilty ofoahighrotendtideeorinoffioe, of ineoto- CARTB~CAG RULEDINLOIDA, t65 fot the toot of Eleven Hondeed oed Fotty Dolloet ($1 140) wthich waotpoid incurency of the Uited Stotet totoid Hoerion Reed, GovernooeaodChoirotan of the Booed of Trontets of the Internal Iotpeooeotent Food of the Stote of Florida,oand did teodee to the Teotoreeof the Stote of Floeido Sodip of the State in hieo of ooid cuIrry, whioh oat doe to the Sinkiog Food oo accountoofsaid FloeidoRaideood Cootpooy,wheeby the said Hoeriton Reed, Goereoe of Flordo, was guilty ofoahighoerioteinoffioeoord of inomopetencyoandomlfeasance. Thot toid Hoetitot Reed, Gooeeoe of Florido, in the ooth of Januaty of the yeoe of ourtLord one thoosond eight hoodeed ood s~eety-too, 01 Tallahostee, ito the Stote of Floeido, ouotindfol of the high dotiet of hit offoe ood of the dignitien and proprietiesntheeof,and ofhisoaoth ofoffice,oand inoiolation of the Contitotiono0f the Stateoandof the lowt thereofotand wtith inteot tovioloteand diterd hi officiol dotietoand of the reqieetooof theConstituooond loot of the State of Floe- ido, did onspiee to infloenoe one J. WV. Tote, o jostice of the Peace, in the exercise of hit judioiol ootion upon 0 eose pend- iog hefore Iot, to-wit: " The cone of the State ofFloidaginst Geoege W. hoepton," wtherehy the soid Hoetisnot Reed, Goe- eenoe of Flotido, did then ood theee Rcomt ond not guiltyofo. highcrimeoandisdeoteaoroinoofficeoandof ioooropoteeoyoand otolfeosnne. Thot Horrieon Reed, Goveenoe of Florido, in the yeot of oureLoed one thoosond eight hdedadeety-one, at Jack- snilin the Stole of Floeido, in tiolotion of the Constitution ond lown of the Stote of Florido, of the high dotien of hit office ond of hin oath of offioe, ond wtith toll intent to violotetood dis- regoed the lown of te Stote of Flordo, did unlawtfullyconspie with one Aaoo. Bornett to prostitute hisoffiialtinlueneoand posidon to the ones ond poepotet of the noid Boretet, in reoeiving the toot of Tee Thoosnd Dolloes ($10,000) freot the noid Bor- nett foehisofficialesanctionandosgnatueto acontract foe the ctonveyne oftInternalotpeoveoent lndto theotidoenett asnassigneeofosaid conteact feomtthe oTaoneille,ensoaoond Mohdle Rodeooad Cootpony, otoddid receive the noid toot of Ten Thoosnd Dolloen ($10,000) feoot the toid Boenett for the 1001001 ond poeponen oforetoid, otherehy the told Hoteison Reed, Goteenor of Florido, did then otod thete cootanod waseguoilty ofoahighcrieioantdoidemteanorinoffie, of inot-  166 CARETAG RULoEtcI~N OIDA peteecy and mtalfeaance, andofeondtdetitetaletogood Aed the Assembly of the State ef Fleride. by proteneatien, saeing to itself the liberty of exhibiting at any timehereafter any further Articles or ethee Accosations 'on Imepeachmsent againns he sold tHereisen Reed, Goeenee of Floeida, andealso ef eeplying to hit answnees whictt he shall make unto the Artieles herele preferred against himn, andeof offering proof -to the samne end eoeeypartetheeeof, and to all adeeryotherAtile, Acn- saie o Imtpeachsment ohich shell he exhihited by theme an the cost shalrequire, do demnd,ttthehsaid HarisonoReednmay heputsto enser the highcrimnet end meisdemenors in office herein chaeged ageinse hint, and that tech yroceedings, oeamc nations, trials and judgteentsomay be thereupohad andgicen esomay he ageeable tolaccand jutice. Aftee needing these aeticles, John W. Beelee, of Sante Rosa County, offiered a resolueion thee the Assembtly resolce itself into aconmmittee of thetwole and attend she mnanagers appointed by the Assemsbly to preent the Aeticles of Imepeachmtent eshihited hy the Assemebly aginst Harreison Reed, Goveenoe of Florida; end at5e'clock e.oA., theeeholehbody, peecededhbyits chai- man, suppoeted by the cleeks of the Assemobly, tollowed the mnanagees so ehe Senate chambher and peesented the Aeticles. Thbe Assemobly, abber a beief ebsence, retueened and the ceomitee ease. The followng order toes eaken by the Senate: Me. Puetan offteed the followiog resolation: WacREAS, The Assetmbly, en this seth day of Febrarey, sS7e, by acommttceeof thoerneeres, at dee bareof the Sen- ate, inmpeached Hlateison Reed, Govcernoe, of high ceinesn and msidemneanoes, incenmpetency, mtalfeanance in office, and con- duct detimnental togoodmorls, end infeermed the Senate that the Assembly will in due ine eshbii particulae aesicles o impeachmenteagainst him, and make goad the name, adhike- mite demanded that the Senate tahe oedee foe the eppeaeance of said Hderison Reed, Goernoe, to ensser so said impeach- meet ; Theefore, Recelved, Thatebeenatemdil taepropernorderthereon,nof wehich dese notice shall he gicen en the Assembly; Which teas adopted. Me. Wentworeth offered she fellnewiog resolntion: vbb CARETBAG nUEn tNORIA peseneyesnd malfeasnce, andof conductdetimentaltoegood And she Assembly of the State of Florida, by peotestation, seeing so itself the libeety of exhibiting at any time heeafere any fuethee Aeticles or othen Accuatios en Impeachment egainseethe said Haredson Reed, Goernor of Floida,andelso of replying en his anserst whichs be shall mahe onto the Articles hereinoprefeeed agaist him, andeo fereing proofh'tohe same end eceery partthereof, andetoallandeeyohe Aicle, Acc- sation or Impeachment wehich shall be exhihited by then, as the cane shalleequireedoedemand, thaethe saidHarrison Reed may be putto answer the highbcrimes and mdsdemeaners in office herein charged against blat, and that each ptroceedings, eamt- nadeont, trials cod judgmtents may bethereeupohad and gicen as may ho ageeeablestolatcandjustice. Aftee needle5 those aeticles, John W. Betlee, of Santa Rosa Conty, offered a eesolton that the Assembly resolve itnelf into a committee of the wehole and atend the moanagers appointed by the Assembly to yeresent the Aeticles of Impeachment eshbiited by theAmsembly aginst Hareisen Reed, fGovernoreofFlorida; and ate5 o'clockt'.sNL, thee-hole bodypeeceded byischaie- man, suppeeted by the cleebs of the Assembly, folloned the managees to the Senate chambee and presented the Aeticles. The Assembly, abtet a bref ebtence, retucened and the committee rs.Thefobloe-ing order w-as taboo byethe Sene: Me. Peeman offeeed the followingesolution: WHEREAS, ISO Assembly, as thin seth day of Febrary, 1872, bya cmmieeofeheirmembers, at the bae of she Sen- ate, tmpeached Hareison Reed, Goernoe, of high crimes and misdemeanors, incompetency, malfeasance ineoffice, and con- duct deerimentalstogood morals, and informed the Senate that the Assemhly n-ill in dee time exhibit paeticelae aeticles of impeachment against hint, cod make good the same, add like- mine demanded thes the besae ttbe oeder fee she appearane of saidtarrison Reed, Goeenoreto anser toesaid impeach- ment; Therefore, Raeoted, That she Senate mill tahe peopee ordee thereon, of which dee notice shall be given so the Assemhly; Which seas adopted. Me. Wentwoeth offeeed the follow-ing rensolution: Fbb CARPETBAGoREnc Nt FORID.. petency and malfeasance, adofeconductedetrimentaltogood motels. And the Assembly of she State of Florida, by peotestadion, teeing so itselfethe Shberty of exhibiting at anydtmeheeaehee any feether Aedicles oe othee Accueations on Impeachment against the said Harsn Reed, Goceenoe of Plorida, and alno of replying so his answees which, he shall makt ante the Aeticles heeeinaprefeered againseim,ano oeing peoof 't he bsame andecvec 'yvcartehereof, anoalland everytherAricle, Acc- eaioco Impeachent e-hich shall be exhbited by them as the case shalleequiredoedemand, thatethe said-arison Reed may be putto anner she highecrimes and misdemeanoes in office herein chaeged against him, and that tech peoceedings, exami- ntosetials and judgments may he theneapon bad end gicen as may be ageeable to lac and justice. Aftee reading these aeticles, John W5. Batlee, ef Santa Rena County, offeredeatesolutdon that the Assembly rsolve itself ino acommittee of themwhole and atenoddte managers appointed by the Assemblysto present the Aeticles of tmpeachment ethibited by she Assemhly against Haerisen Reed, Goeenoe of Floridas and at~ 5oclockhe. ., thee-bole bodypreceded by ischair- man, seppoeted hy she cleehs of the Assemhly, followeed the managers so the Senate chembee and peesented the Articles. The Assembly, ahtee a brief absence, returned and the committee ease. The followingerdeee-asetaken hythebSenate: Me. Putmaneoffeed she followingnresolutdon: WnEREAS, The Assembly, en this sash day of Febeuary, s87e, by a committeeof theiemmembees, at dee banalf the ben- mte, impeached Hareison Reed, Goeener, ef high ceimes and misdemeanors, incompetency, malfeasance in office, and can- ductsdetrimentaletogood moeals, andinformed she Senate that the Assembly n-ill in due time exhibit paeticelan entitles of impeachmenteagainstehim, and mahe good the same, aedsidbe- mise demanded that the Senate tahe oedee foe the appeaeane of said Haerison Reed, Geenoreto answee so smidimpeach- ment; Theefore, Reacheed, That the Senate mill eake propee oeder theeen, of mhich dee notice shall he given to she Assembly; Which man adapted. Me. Wenetwonth offered she folloe-ing resolneion:  CARPETBAG RULE IN FLORIDA. I67 WHEREAS, Harrison Reed, Governor, has been this day impeached by the Assembly of the State of Florida of high crimes and misdemeanors, incompetency, malfeasance in office, and conduct detrimental to good morals; Resolted, That the President of the Senate be, and he is hereby, ordered to issue his warrant issuing to the Sergeant-at- Arms of the Senate, directing him to notify the said Harrison Reed, Governor, that he has this day been impeached by the Assembly of the State of Florida of high crimes and misde- meanors, incompetency, malfeasance in office, and conduct det- rimental to good morals, and that he is deemed under arrest and disqualified from performing any of the duties of his office as Governor of Florida until acquitted by the Senate of Florida, and the Sergeant-at-Arms is hereby ordered and directed to make return to this body at once of his doing herein; Which was adopted. Mr. Henderson offered the following resolution Reso/ved by the Senate, That the Senate of the State of Flor- ida will organize as a High Court of Impeachment for the pur- poses of the trial of His Excellency Harrison Reed, Governor of Florida, on Tuesday next, 13th, inst., at 12 o'clock m. Mr. Jenkins offered the following as a substitute: Resolved, That the Senate will proceed to organize as a High Court of Impeachment for the trial of Harrison Reed, Governor, on the s4th inst., at 12 o'clock m. Resolved, further, That the Secretary of the Senate imme- diately notify the Assembly of the adoption of this resolution. Mr. Henderson moved that the substitute be laid on the table. The yeas and says were called for, with the folltwing result: Those voting in the affirmative were- Messrs. Adams, Atkins, Crawford, Ginn, Henderson, Kendrick, McKinnon, Moragne, McCaskill, Sutton and Weeks Those voting in the negative were- Messrs. Billings, Dennis, Eagan, Hill, Hillyer, Jenkins, Johnson, Locke, Meacham, Pearce, Purman and Wentworth- 12. So it was not laid on the table. The substitute was then adopted. Mr. Henderson offered the following resolution: Resolved by the Senate, That a committee of three be appointed to notify the Hon. E. M. Randall, Chief Justice of the State of Florida, that the House of Representatives of this State, have, through their committee, appeared at the bar of the CARPETBAG RULE IN FLORIDA. 167 WHEREAs, Harrison Reed, Governor, has been this day impeached by the Assembly of the State of Florida of high crimes and misdemeanors, incompetency, malfeasance in office, and conduct detrimental to good morals; Resoled, That the President of the Senate be, and he is hereby, ordered to issue his warrant issuing to the Sergeant-at- Arms of the Senate, directing him to notify the said Harrison Roed, Governor, that he has this day been impeached by the Assembly of the State of Florida of high crimes and misde- meanors, incompetency, malfeasance in office, and conduct det- rimental to good morals, and that he is deemed under arrest and disqualified from performing any of the duties of his office as Governor of Florida until acquitted by the Senate of Florida,and the Sergeant-at-Arms is hereby ordered and directed to make return to this body at once of his doing herein; Which was adopted. Mr. Henderson offered the following resolution: Reso/ved by the Senate, That the Senate of the State of Flor- ida will organize as a High Court of Impeachment for the pur- poses of the trial of His Excellency Harrison Reed, Governor of Florida, on Tuesday next, 13th, inst., at I2 o'clock t. Mr. Jenkins offered the following as a substitute : Resolved, That the Senate will proceed to organize as a High Court of Impeachment for the trial of Harrison Reed, Governor, on the 14th inst., at 12 o'clock m. Resolved, further, That the Secretary of the Senate imme- diately notify the Assembly of the adoption of this resolution. Mr. Henderson moved that the substitute be laid on the table. The yeas and says were called for, with the foltwing result : Those voting in the affirmative were- Messrs. Adams, Atkins, Crawford, Ginn, Henderson, Kendrick, McKinnon, Moragne, McCaskill, Sutton and Weeks Those voting in the negative were- Messrs. Billings, Dennis, Eagan, Hill, Hillyer, Jenkins, Johnson, Locke, Meacham, Pearce, Purman and Wentworth- 12, So it was not laid on the table. The substitute was then adopted. Mr. Henderson offered the following resolution: Resolved by the Senate, That a committee of three be appointed to notify the Hon. E. M. Randall, Chief Justice of the State of Florida, that the House of Representatives of this State, have, through their committee, appeared at the bar of the CARPETBAG RULE IN FLORIDA. 16' WHEREAS, Harrison Reed, Governor, has been this day impeached by the Assembly of the State of Florida of high crimes and misdemeanors, incompetency, malfeasance in office, and conduct detrimental to good morals; Resoed, That the President of the Senate be, and he is hereby, ordered to issue his warrant issuing to the Sergeant-at- Arms of the Senate, directing him to notify the said Harrison Reed, Governor, that he has this day been impeached by the Assembly of the State of Florida of high crimes and misde- meanors, incompetency, malfeasance in office, and conduct det- rimental to good morals, and that he is deemed under arrest and disqualified from performing any of the duties of his office as Governor of Florida until acquitted by the Senate of Florida, and the Sergeant-at-Arms is hereby ordered and directed to make return to this body at once of his doing herein; Which was adopted. Mr. Henderson ofered the following resolution Resolved by the Senate, That the Senate of the State of Flor- ida will organize as a High Court of Impeachment for the pur- poses of the trial of His Excellency Harrison Reed, Governor of Florida, on Tuesday next, 13th, inst., at 12 o'clock m. Mr. Jenkins offered the following as a substitute : Resolved, That the Senate will proceed to organize as a High Court of Impeachment for the trial of Harrison Reed, Governor, on the 14th inst., at 12 o'clock o. Resolved, furter, That the Secretary of the Senate imme- diately notify the Assembly of the adoption of this resolution. Mr. Henderson moved that the substitute be laid on the table. The yeas and nays were called for, with the follwing result : Those voting in the affirmative were- Messrs. Adams, Atkins, Crawford, Ginn, Henderson, Kendrick, McKinnon, Moragne, McCaskill, Sutton and Weeks Those voting in the negative were- Messrs. Billings, Dennis, Eagan, Hill, Hillyer, Jenkins, Johnson, Locke, Meacham, Pearce, Putman and Wentworth- I2. So it was not laid on the table. The substitute was then adopted. Mr. Henderson offered the following resolution: Resolved by the Senate, That a committee of three be appointed to notify the Hon. E. M. Randall, Chief Justice of the State of Florida, that the House of Representatives of this State, have, through their committee, appeared at the bar of the  168 CARPETBAG RULE IN FLORIDA. Senate, and impeached His Excellency Harrison Reed, Governor of Florida, of high crimes and misdemeanors, and that the Sen- ate will organize as a High Court of Impeachment on Wednes- day, the r4th inst., for the purpose of the trial of the said Har- rison Reed, and that he be requested to be present to preside at the same. Which was adopted. Mr. Henderson offered the followingresolution Resolved, That the Secretary of the Senate be instructed to notify His Excellency Harrison Reed, Governor of Florida, that a committee of the House of Representatives have this day appeared at the bar of the Senate, and in the name of all the people of the State of Florida, impeached him, the said Harri- son Reed, Governor, etc., of high crimes and misdemeanors, and that the Senate have passed a resolution, of which the fol- lowing is a copy : Resolved, That the Senate will proceed to organize as a High Court of Impeachment for the trial of Harrison Reed, Governor, on the 14tl inst, at 12 oclock . Resolved, furher, That the Secretary of the Senate imme- diately notify the Assembly of the adoption of this resolution Which was adopted. Reed having been impeached, the conspirators were anxious, in case they were forced to try him, to secure beforehand all the votes they could fer conviction, whether the evidence warranted it or not. They knew that Liberty Billings, who was of the defunct " mule team " faction, and then Senator from Nassau County, had no good blood for Purman and that gang, so they sought to secure his vote by electing him president pro tem. of the Senats, which placed him in position as Lieutenan -Governor. All the conspirators voted for him, and he was accordingly elected. The Sergeant-at-Arms returned and made return that he had duly complied with the order of the Senate, and had served a copy of his warrant upon His Excellency, Harrison Reed. A committee of three was appointed to attend the Lieu- tenant-Governor to the executive chamber to take the oath of office. Day now assumed the office of Governor by proclamation, but it is noticeable that the proclamation was not attested by any Secretary of State. The Democrats had by this time become very much dissatisfied in reference to Articles V and VI because they refected upon the character of ex-United States Senator David L. Yulee. Some of them threatened to combine with iOS CARPETBAG RULE IN FLORIDA. Senate, and impeached His Excellency Harrison Reed, Governor of Florida, of high crimes and misdemeanors, and that the Sen- ate will organize as a High Court of Impeachment on Wednes- day, the 14th inst., for the purpose of the trial of the said Har- rison Reed, and that he be requested to be present to preside at the same. Which was adopted. Mr. Henderson offered the following resolution Resolved, That the Secretary of the Senate be instructed to notify His Excellency Harrison Reed, Governor of Florida, that a committee of the House of Representatives have this day appeared at the bar of the Senate, and in the name of all the people of the State of Florida, impeached him, the said Harri- son Reed, Governor, etc., of high crimes and misdemeanors, and that the Senate have passed a resolution, of which the fol- lowing is a copy : Resolved, That the Senate will proceed to organize as a High Court of Impeachment for the trial of Harrison Reed, Governor, on the 14ts inst, at 12 o'clock e. Resolved, further, That the Secretary of the Senate imme- diately notify the Assembly of the adoption of this resolution: Which was adopted. Reed having been impeached, the conspirators were anxious, in case they were forced to try him, to secure beforehand all the votes they could fcr conviction, whether the evidence warranted it or not. They knew that Liberty Billings, who was of the defunct ' mule team" faction, and then Senator from Nassau County, had no good blood for Purman and that gang, so they sought to secure his vote by electing him president pro em. of the Senat,, which placed him in position as Lieutenant-Governor. All the conspirators voted for him, and he was accordingly elected. The Sergeant-at-Arms returned and made return that he had duly complied with the order of the Senate, and had served a copy of his warrant upon His Excellency, Harrison Reed. A committee of three was appointed to attend the Lieu- tenant-Governor to the executive chamber to take the oath of office. Day now assumed the ofSice of Governor by proclamation, but it is noticeable that the proclamation was not attested by any Secretary of State. The Democrats had by this time become very much dissatisfed in reference to Articles V and VI because they refected upon the character of ex-United States Senator David L. Yulee. Some of then threatened to combine with 168 CARPETBAG RULE IN FLORIDA. Senate, and impeached His Excellency Harrison Reed, Governor of Florida, of high crimes and misdemeanors, and that the Sen- ate will organize as a High Court of Impeachment on Wednes- day, the 14th inst., for the purpose of the trial of the said Har- rison Reed, and that he be requested to be present to preside at the same. Which was adopted. Mr. Henderson offered the followingresolution: Resolved, That the Secretary of the Senate be instructed to notify His Excellency Harrison Reed, Governor of Florida, that a committee of the House of Representatives have this day appeared at the bar of the Senate, and in the name of all the people of the Stateof Florida, impeached him, the said Harri- son Reed, Governor, etc., of high crimes and misdemeanors, and that the Senate have passed a resolution, of which the fol- low.ing is a copy : Resolved, That the Senate will proceed to organize as a High Court of Impeachment for the trial of Harrison Reed, Governor, on the 14tl inst, at 12 o'clock t. Resolved, fur/her, That the Secretary of the Senate imme- diately notify the Assembly of the adoption of this resolution: Which was adopted. Reed having been impeached, the conspirators were anxious, in case they were forced to try him, to secure beforehand all the votes they could for conviction, whether the evidence warranted it or not. They knew that Liberty Billings, who was of the defunct " mule team" faction, and then Senator from Nassau County, had no good blood for Purman and that gang, so they sought to secure his vote by electing him president pro tem. of the Senats, which placd him in position as Lieutenant-Governor. All the conspirators voted for him, and he was accordingly elected. The Sergeant-at-Arms returned and made return that he had duly complied with the order of the Senate, and had served a copy of his warrant upon His Excellency, Harrison Reed. A committee of three was appointed to attend the Lieu- tenant-Governor to the executive chamber to take the oath of office. Day now assumed the office of Governor by proclamation, buit is noticeable that the proclamation was not attested by any Secretary of State. The Democrats had by this time become very much dissatisfed in reference to Articles V and VI because they reflected upon the character of ex-United States Senator David L. Yulee. Some of them threatened to combine with  CARPETBAG RULE IN FLORIDA. 169 Governor Reed against the conspirators if those articles were not withdrawn, and in order to bridge over this threatened gulf mid- way, the conspirators planned the following resolution and addi- tional articles, which were adopted : Mr. Graham, of Manatee, was allowed to offer the follow- ing resolutions : WHEREAS, The journals of this House incidentally reflect on the Hon. D. L. Yulee in the matter of the Articlesof Impeach. ment against Harrison Reed; and, whereas, upon subsequent examination,-we find that great injustice has been unintention- ally done Mr. Yulee in the said articles; therefore, Resolved, That the managers appointed by this House to present the aforesaid Articles of Impeachment to the Senate, sit- ting as a High Court of Impeachment, are hereby ordered and instructed to withdraw from the said Articles of Impeachment any matter which may in any manner reflect in a censurable manner upon the Hon. David L. Yulee, and for that purpose are hereby instructed to withdraw Articles V and VI of the said Articles of Impeachment for amendment; that acopy of this reso- lution be handed to the Hon. David L. Yulee by the Chief Clerk of the House, and that the same be spread on the journals thereof. Resolved, That the managers be and are hereby instructed to present the following additional Articles of Impeachment against Harrison Reed, Governor of the State of Florida: AD.DITIONAL ARTICLES OF IMPEACHMENT AND REPLICATION TO THE PLEAS FILED BY HARRISON REED, GOVERNOR. ARTICLE XIII. That said Harrison Reed, Governor of Florida, unmindful of the high duties of his office, and of his oath of office, and in violation of the Constitution and laws of the State of Florida, between the 8th day of September, A. D. 1868, and the tst day ofJuly, A. D. 1869, in the city of New York, did unlawfully and improperly appropriate moneys belonging to the State of Florida, to-wit: The sum of $6,948.63, placed in his possession by James D. Westcott, Jr., and received by him as a Trustee- in this: That the said Harrison Reed, Governor, did substitute for said moneys certain securities of the State of Florida, pur- chased by him at a large discount, and did pay said securities into the Treasury of the State of Florida, and appropriate to his own personal use and benefit the difference arising from said speculation, and with intent then and there to defraud the State CARPETBAG RULE IN FLORIDA. 169 Governor Reed against the conspirators if those articles were not withdrawn, and in order to bridge over this threatened gulf mid- way, the conspirators planned the following resolution and addi- tional articles, which were adopted : Mr. Graham, of Manatee, was allowed to offer the follow.- ing resolutions : WHEREAS, The journals of this House incidentally reflect on the Hon. D. L. Yulee in the matter of the Articlesof Impeach- ment against Harrison Reed; and, whereas, upon subsequent examination,-we find that great injustice has been unintention- ally done Mr. Yulee in the said articles; therefore, Resolved, That the managers appointed by this House to present the aforesaid Articles of Impeachment to the Senate, sit- ting as a High Court of Impeachment, are hereby ordered and instructed to withdraw from the said Articles of Impeachment any matter which may in any manner reflect in a censurable manner Upon the Hon. David L. Yulee, and for that purpose are hereby instructed to withdraw Articles V and VI of the said Articles of Impeachment for amendment; that acopy of this reso- lution be handed to the Hon. David L. Yulee by the Chief Clerk of the House, and that the same be spread on the journals thereof. Resolved, That the managers be and are hereby instructed to present the following additional Articles of Impeachment against Harrison Reed, Governor of the State of Florida: ADDITIONAL ARTICLES OF IMPEACHMENT AND REPLICATION TO THE PLEAS FILED BY HARRISON REED, GOVERNOR. ARTICLE XIII. That said Harrison Reed, Governor of Florida, unmindful of the high duties of his office, and of his oath of office, and in violation of the Constitution and laws of the State of Florida, between the 8th day of September, A. D. 1868, and the tst day of July, A. D. I869, in the city of New York, did unlawfully and improperly appropriate moneys belonging to the State of Florida, to-wit: The sum of $6,948.63, placed in his possession by James D. Westcott, Jr., and received by him as a Trustee- in this: That the said Harrison Reed, Governor, did substitute for said moneys certain securities of the State of Florida, pur- chased by him at a large discount, and did pay said securities into the Treasury of the State of Florida, and appropriate to his own personal use and benefit the difference arising from said speculation, and with intent then and there to defraud the State CARPETBAG RULE IN FLORIDA. 169 Governor Reed against the conspirators if those articles were not withdrawn, and in order to bridge over this threatened gulf mid- way, the conspirators planned the following resolution and addi- tional articles, which were adopted : Mr. Graham, of Manatee, was allowed to offer the follow- ing resolutions: WHEREAS, The journals of this House incidentally refect on the Hon. D. L. Yulee in the matter of the Articlesof Impeach. ment against Harrison Reed; and, whereas, upon subsequent examination,-we fSd that great injustice has been unintention- ally done Mr. Yulee in the said articles; therefore, Resolved, That the managers appointed by this House to present the aforesaid Articles of Impeachment to the Senate, sit- ting as a High Court of Impeachment, are hereby ordered and instructed to withdraw from the said Articles of Impeachment any matter which may in any manner reflect in a censurable manner upon the Hon. David L. Yulee, and for that purpose are hereby instructed to withdraw Articles V and VI of the said Articles of Impeachment for amendment; that a copy of this reso- lution be handed to the Hon. David L. Yulee by the Chief Clerk of the House, and that the same be spread on the journals thereof. Resolved, That the managers be and are hereby instructed to present the following additional Articles of Impeachment against Harrison Reed, Governor of the State of Florida: ADDITIONAL ARTICLES OF IMPEACHMENT AND REPLICATION TO THE PLEAS FILED By HARRISON REED, GOVERNOR. ARTICLE XIII. That said Harrison Reed, Governor of Florida, unmindful of the high duties of his office, and of his oath of office, and in violation of the Constitution and laws of the State of Florida, between the 8th day of September, A. D. 1868, and the ist day of July, A. D. 1869, in the city of New York, did unlawfully and improperly appropriate moneys belonging to the State of Florida, to-wit: The sum of $6,948.63, placed in his possession by James D. Westcott, Jr., and received by him as a Trustee- in this: That the said Harrison Reed, Governor, did substitute for said moneys certain securities of the State of Florida, pur- chased by him at a large discount, and did pay said securities into the Treasury of the State of Florida, and appropriate to his own personal use and benefit the difference arising from said speculation, and with intent then and there to defraud the State  170 CARPETBAG RULE IN FLORIDA of the fullvalue of saidsmoneys in his hantdsas Trstee fotr the penple of the State, wheebhy the said Harrison Reed, Goernor of Florida. did then aod theee cotmtit and weas guilty of a high critmeandtmisdeneanorin office, of incomtpetency antdnmalfea- That taid Harrisott Reed, Goveanor of Florid ' , unmindful of the high doties of his otice, of hit oath of office, and in voa tion of the Contitotion and laws nf the State nf Flneida, at Talla- hassee, in the State nf Florida, on oe ahnat the ttt day nf Janu- aryin the yearof our Lord one thousand eight Aondeed and sesentyand ondiern othee dayt and times in said year, alto on divers othee dayt and timsno in the vnenr of oat Lord one thousand eight hundred and seventy-neeandteety-twno, did emezzale tmoneyn helonging to the State of Floeida, to-nit: The numnofone thouand eight hndred adniety-sen doltars and twnty-fourecents ($1,897.a2), in the postensin of Jonathan C. Gihht, Secretary of State, and did appeopriatetsaid moneys to his otnnuse, henefit and pueponet, then and there with intent to violate the Conttitotian and lant of the State of Floeida, wherehy taid Haeriton Reed, Goceenbrtof Florida, did then and thee commtit and wan guitty of ahigh cimteandnmisdeteaorin office, of incomopetence and tmatfeatance in offie. That naid Hareiton Rend, Goceenor of Floeida, unmsindful of the high dutien of his office, and of his oath of office, in viola- tion of the Constitotion and tltes of the State of Ftoeida on the 24th day of April, in the yeareof one Lord one thousand eight hundeed and seventy-one, and on divers otheredays and timoes, in said yeae, at Taltahansee, in the State of Floeida, did dicert, ntis- apply, and untawfotly and inspenpLety appeopriate the naut of eteven thousand doltars l$xt,nno), of the enntingentfosd appro- peiated hy the Legislature of the State of Florida, and did appeo- priate and applyatlarge poetinnofsaidsunm to hisoen pesonal ute and henefit ,eith full intent to veiolate the Constitution and laws of the State of Florida, wheehy said Harrison Reed; Gov- eenoe of Florida, did then anod theee commtit and nas guiltyof a highcehmeeandtmisdemeanorein office, ofinonpetency andnof tootfeasance. Thatssaid Harrison Reed, Goveenoe of Floeida, ontnindfnl nf the high duties of his office, of his oath nf office and in vinlation nf the Constitution and taws of the State of Flor-ida, and of the t70 CAnETnAo RULE INO RD of thefoulcaloe of saidtnoneys in hishbandsas Tustee foe the people of the State, teherehy the said Htarrison Reed, Goveenor of Floeida. did then and thee commoit and teas guitty of a high ceimneandomisdemneanoe inoffice, of incomspetency and nmatfea- That said Hareison Reed, Governor of Florid a, onmsindfot of she high duties of his office, of his oath of office, and in voa tion of the Constitution and lates of the State of Floeida, at Talla- hassee, in the State of Flotida, on or ahout the tst day of Janu- ary, in the yearof otr Loed one thoosand eight foundeed and seventy, and ondicees other days and timses in said year, attn on divees other days and times in the yeats of oue Lurd one thoosand eight hundred and secenty-one and seventy-two, did embhezzle mooneys helonging to the State of Ftorida, to-twit: The sate of one thoosand eight hundred andoinety-seven dollaes and tteenty-four cents ($1,897.2a4), in tlse possession of Jonathan C. Gihhs, Seceetary of State, ond did appeopriate said moneys to his oten use, henefit asd purposes, then and theee teith intent to violte the Constitution and fates of the State of Floeido, teheehy said Hareison Reed, Goceenoreof Floeida did then and thete cuommit and teas guilty of ahigh cimseoandmisdemteanorein office, of incomspetence and msalfeasance in office. That said Haetison Reed, Goceesner ofFtorida, unmoindful nf the high dutiet of hit office, and of his oath of office, in voa tion of the Constitotion and toot of the State of Floeida on the 24th day of Apeil, in the yeareof one Loed one thousatnd eight hundred and seventy-one,atndonndivers otheredays andtines,tin said year, at Tallahassee, in the State of Plot-ida, did dicert, ntis- apply, and unfatefully and impeopetly appeopriate the tote of elecen thoosand dotlars l$I t,nnn), of the contingentsfund apprn- peiated hy the Legistatute of the State of Floridt, and did appro- priate and apply atlarge poetion of said samte o hit oten peesonat use and henefit teith futt intent to viltate the Constitution and tatesof thehState of Floeida, whereehysaidHarrison Reed; Gun- ernorof Florida, did then and there commtit and wos guiltyof a high ceimteandnsisdemteanoe in office, nf incotnpetency andnof matfeasance. That said Harrison Reed, Govetnor nf Florida, unnmindful nf the high duties of his nffice, of his oath of office ond in vinlatin nf the Constitotion and tates of the State of Florida, and of the t70 CAnREnAG RULEINtLORIDA of thefolltvalue ofsaid moneys in his hands as Teustee foe the people of the State, tehereby the taid Haerison Reed, Goveenor of Florida, did then and there cotetit and teas guiltynof ahigh crimteandtmisdemeaorein office, ofincompetency andnmafea. That taid Harrison Reed, Goveror of Floeid a, unmfindfol of the high duties of his office, of his oath of office, and in voa tion of the Constitotion and taws of the State of Florida,. at Tatta- hassee, in thette of Ftoeida, onoreahouttthetist day of Jan- ary, inthe yeareof one Loed one thoosand eight floodred and secentyand ondies othee days and tines in said yeae, also n dicers othet days and timses in the years of one Lund one thousand eight hundred and secenty-one and seventy-two, did embhezzle mneys helonging to the State of Florida, to-wit: The sons of ooe thousand eight hundeed and ninety-seven dolars and tteenty-fout cents ($1,897.204), is the possession of Jonathan C. Gihhs, Secretary of State, and did apyropriate said toneys to his otenouse, henefit and pueposes, thtn and theee weith intent to violate the Constitution and lates of the State of Ftoeida, tehetehy said Hareison Reed, Governorof Florida. did then asd there commtit and teas goilty of ahigh cimseandmisdemteanoe innoffice, of incomspetence and maolfeasance in office. That said Haerison Reed, Governor of Floeida, unmuindfut of the high doties of his office, and of his oath of office, in voa tin of the Constitution and tows of the State of Floeidauon the 24th day of Aprit,in the yeareof ourLoed one thousand eight hondred and secenty-one, and ondiees otherdays andtimes,sin said yeae, at Tallahassee, in the State of Flotida, did divett, mtis- appty, and unlatefully and isnptopeefy appropriate the soot of elecen thousand dotllaes ($It,oo0). of the contisgent fond appeo- peiated hy the Legislatote of the State of Ftorida, and did appeo- peiate and applyatlaege poetion of said sum to hisnownnpesonat use and henefit teith futl intent to veiolate the Constitution and tans of the State of Floeida, nheehy said Haerisn Reed; Gun- eenoe of Florida, did then and thee commoit and teas goiltyof a high ceimseandtmisdetneanoe in office,of inompeteocy and of malfeasance. Thatsaid Hareison Reed, Goveteor of Foeida, unmindful of the high duties of his office, of his oath of office and in violation of the Constitution and tates of the State of Floeida, and of the  CAPE tAGRLEIN LORIDA. 171 dignities and proprieties of his high office, on the eighth day of ,to the year of ocr Lord one thousand eight hundred and seventy, at Tallahassee, io the State of Florida, did twrongfully and omalicioslytoisrepeent and fltfyhisofficialactsnd doings to one T. W. Brecvced, wcith fuil intent theeebyto moisrepre- seot aod faltify, foe the purpote of affecting the interests of cor- tain persons aod paetiet, cod to the deteimeot of the public inte- estt cod io violation of the eopett provisioos of the Coostito- tion cf the State, weherecbysaid HarrisnReed, Gcveror of Floe- ida, did thenoaodthnerecomtooandtwasgilty cf a high ceime andotisdeomeaorinoffice, of iocomopetency aod otalfeaoance, and of conduti detrimoental to good moraels. Reolve, That the manegeet aod counsel peeseoting Articles ofltopeachtmentcagainst Hareisoo Reed, Goveoreinsteucted to file the followcing replication to the pleasof Harrison Reed, Goverore, to said Aeticles of Itopeachtoent: Inethe Asembofly of the Stae of Floitdia, Febenecy id/A, 1872. The Astsomblyhave consideeed the seveeal pleas of Hert- eioon Reed, Govceore of Floeida, to the seveeal Aeticles of Itopeachoment against hint eohihited bly theot in the come of themsoeles end all the people of the State of Floeida, cod reeee. ing to theotteles all advatagec of exceptin to the insufficiency of hit ansoer to each cod all of the seveeai Articles exhihited ageinsteoaid Herison Reed, Goveeeoo,and foetheereplication to said pleat do toy thet tthe raid Harrison Reed, Goverore, is gailty of the high ceitmet, misdetmeanorecandsmalfeasance in office end condutct detrimtental to good moreals charged in said Aeticles, end that the Assemdbly are ready to pence the taste. The mostcsingular featureeof thiswhle impeachtmentscheme coat that ohile the investigating committee could find tufficient wtitnesses in Floeida uon whote evidence to hate thirteen aeticles of impeachment, thehboaedaoftmanagees coeld notinditesses in the Stae to pence coy one of those cherget-foe the proof of anyconefhem rold heheenufficient. The following it the resouotion adopted aching for foether time, offeeedhby Me. Geaham, of Manatee: WHEREAS, Additional time it necessarily eequired hy the managees and counsel prosecusing aeticles of impeachment against Harison Reed, Gocernoe, hefoe the Honorahle Senate. toamend aeticlesoalready preened,cndto preparerand present otheet, and to procure the attendance tf witnesses; and weres, CARETBAGO RUtLE INLORIA. 171 dignities and propeieties of hit high office, on the eighth day of ____ to the year of can Loed one thoutand eight hundred and teventy, cc Tallahassee, in the State of Florida, did weongfully and malicioaslyMirepeeet and felt-fy his official actsoand doinggcto one T. W. Breced, with fall intent threhyto misrepre- tent and falify, forethe puepoe ofaffecting the interests of cer- tain pennant and paeties, and tc the detriment of the puhlic inter- estscand inciolation ofthe epess proviticons of the Constito- tin of the State, wchereehysaid Haeeison Reed, Goveenor of Flue- ide, did then and thereecommitandcwas guilty of a highocrime andemisdemteanorein office, of incompetency and malfeasance, andaofcconict detrimental togod mal. Resolved, Thatothe managersand countel presenting Articles of Impeachment aginst Harrison Reed, Gocernoeeitructed to file the foliating replicatian to the pleat at Haerison Reed, Governor, to said Aeticles of Impeachment: In file Assembly of tde S/ate of Florida, Febeuary id/A, 1872. The Assemly haeeconsidredthe seceeal pleat of Hae- eison Reed, Goveenor of Floeida, cc the teceral Aeticles of Impeachment against him exhibited hy them in the name of themselves and all the people of the State of Florida, and reserc- ing to themtselces all advantauges of exceptin to the insufficiency of hit atoswer to each cod all of the seveeal Aeticles exhihited against said Harrison Reed, Governor, and forthenreplication to said pleas da tay that the said Harriton ReedGoernoe, i gailty of the high crimes, misdemeanos and malfeasance in office and cnut detrimental to goad morals charged in said Articles, and that the Assembhly are ready to prone the same. The mutt singuaer feature of this whole impeachment schemr was that wohile the investigating committee could find safficient witnesses in Florida upon wose evidence tn hase thirteen articles of impeachment, thehboaedof maonagee could notfindmitnese in the State to peace any one of thore chueget-foe the proof of any one of them would hace heen tufficient. The following it the resolution adopted asking for further time, oiffredhby Mr. Geaham, og Manatee: WHEREAS, Additional time it necessarily requied hy the manageet and counsel prosecuting articles of impeachment against Haeeison Reed, Governoe, hefoe the Honorahle Senae. tu amend articles already preorated, and to prepae and pretest others, and to procure the attendance of witnesses; and inherea, CARPETBAG RULE IN FLORIDA. 171 dignities und peaprieties of hit high offie, on the eighth day of to i the yrar of our Loed one thousand eight hundred and seventy, at Tallahasser, in the State of Florida, did wrongfully end maliciously misepeeen ad flfyhisofficialactstand doingsoto ate T. W. Brenard, with full intent therebhytoamisrepe- sent andfalsify, forthe pposeof affecingcthe interestsouf cr- cain pennant end parties, and to the detriment af the pahlic inter- ests and in violatin of the expeess procisions of the Constitu- rice af the State, whereehysaid Haerison Reed, Goverore of Flor- ida, did then and thee commit and mac guilty of a high crime and misdemeanoreinaoffice, of incompetency and malfeasance, and of condnict detrimental to good murals. Reaoled, That the managers and coarsel peesenting Aeticlrs of Impeachment against Haeeison Reed, Governo, he instructed to file the foliating eplicatian to the pleas oi Harrison Reed, Governor, to said Articles of Impeachment: Zo the Aasemoby of tde Stae of Florida, Februtary id/A, 1872. The Assemly hace consideeed the sevenel pleas of Hae- eison Reed, Governor of Florida, to the several Articles of Impeachment againt him exhihited hy them in the name of themselves and all the people of the State af Florid, and reseec- ing to themscelces all advatttaget of exception to the insufficiency of Sic answcer to each atid all of the seeral Aeticles exhihited againstosaid Hareison Reed, Gocernor, and fortheereplication to taid pleat do say that the said Haerion ReedGoernor, is guilty of the high crimes, misdemeanorsand malfeasance in office end conducct detrimental to good morals charged in said Articles, and that the Assembfly ace ready to proe the tame. The motoinguarufeatureeofthismhole impeachmentscheme wat that wohile the investigating committee could find sufficient wtessin Florida upon whose evidence to hate thirteen articles of impeachment, the hoard of menuagers coold not find witnesses in the Stae to pravr any one of those charge-for the proof of anyuoneof them mould hacehbeen sufficient. The following is the esolution adopted askcing foe further time, offeredhby Mr. Graham, of Manatee: WonRAas, Additional time is necessarily required hy the managers end counsel prosecuting articles of impeachment against Harrison Reed, Governor, hefoe the Honoablhe Senate, to. amend articles already presentrd, and o prepare and presrnt others, and to procure the attendance of witnesses; and whereas,  172 CARPETBAG RULE IN FOIA a large nembereftsid witneses reesideeouteofthe Seete aed ie reeteepeettefe he Uneited States, eed teir estimenypis ees- sary te Peeve the Cerious maittees cheeged ie teid aeticlee of impeachmeent, eed wthotet ehich testimteny the Asemtbly, by its eeteageeteend coele,cannttethis timte tefelypeeceed te the tial ef the eeid Herejsen Reed ; thereeoe, esledfte That the meeeegets be dircted te preceed te the beeoftfhe Sente Red esthat neesesarytinee be ealeowed the teaeegers eed ceeuneel toaeend eetices~ preeted, andtoepre- paeceed preetttthees, andeeopeEcue theeattedanceeof nee- sary wteses~ to the teeal. The Atseebhy havineg eppeeeed Rt the bet Cf the SCnae An the ith dey ef Febeeery ted tmpeeehed Goerenee Reed, tbet bedy ee the seeme dep petted ae eedee thee the Senete tnetify the Asetebly thee the Seeate eweuld sit Re a high ceeee ef iempeeeh- meet ee,Wededey, the e4th ef Februeey, fee the teiet ef Gee. Reed. temeedieteiy eheer the eedee bed been petted aesou tin weet oered thee the tee heeten edjeeee esene die AR Febeuary 19th. The restteonje wet pestpened entit the folteeing Thees- day. Ge the 14th ef Februaeep a cemmeittee weet eppotinted en esceet Chief jestice Raedetl te the Setete Cheembee. He aerived aedewettsweee by Associete juttice Westett. The Chiefjuse- tice thee swoeee ie the Senaeter, wene the heegeeee-et-Aent emede the felteeieg peecteemetione "eHeareyel Heerepel Heaeeye! Alpeetesce eeedered te beep sitenee, unedee penthy ef iempeitoneneett, while the Seeete of lorida it sttieg fee the teiel ef Heeriten Reed, Goereee of Florida, for high crieet eedemisdeeaeeee. GedseehebStete ef Fteeide eed thie heneeabte Senete! Atsheetewhefeeretee berthd eegenited iteadjeueeedeo awaeit the eeporttef theectemetiteeeppotieed totdeeftelesttf peecedeee eed peectice fee the geideece ef the Seeateewhde titting es e high ceeet ef impeeehmeet. Ge Feheuery e~eh the coue eteaed thebSeneteeadeptedeeletfeeteger entef the Setete wehile peeceeding ewith the teiel. (bee Seeate jeeeeel, pege 3e4). Atesemeeettwes made, reeternabetbe 'elockp.eIn. the teaee dey. J. P. C. Emmett eppeeeed et the bee ef the Seneteewithbeetheeity feemGoeenee Reed toeaetea his ceeeset, aed he preented the following: a largeenumbereefeaid wteeeeeideeeuteofthe Stete end ie remete peeceeof the Untied Seetet, end their estne is ee s- Beep tR peeve the vaeieut etteet, eheeged it seid articles of impeechmet, eed wieheet wehieh testimeny the Atemby, by itstmanegersend ceensel, cannoeteat thes time safely peeceed to the teiaeefebthesid Heeeisee Reed ; therefoee, Reetfeed, Thee the meenegeet he direeted te proeeed te the baeeefthe Senete eed etk thee necessaeefetee he ellewed the menagerseedeeeunseltoemendariles presenetedeeadeeopre- paeeendpreetterse,eandtepneeee theeateedance ef neCes teepeeiteeesetethe tiel. The Attembly hevieg eppeeeed et the bee ef the Setete en the ieth deyeofFebeeey eed impeeehed Goernee Reed, thee bedy en the tame dey petted ee eedee thee the Senete eetify the Asnembly thee the Senete woeeld tie et e high ceet of impeaeh- meet en,.Wededey, the e4th ef Febeueey, fne the trial ef Gee. Reed. tmmedieteip eheer the eedee bed beee petted aesou tieeton easleeeed thee the twe heetes edjeun eiee die en Febreeey xpeb, 'The reesetetin wet postpoeed euntil the fellewieg '[been- dey. Oe the th ef Febeeeep e committee teen eppeieted te esceet Chieg jestice Reedelt te the Senete Chembee. He eeeived and waee sweeen by Aneeociete jestiee Weetet. The Chief Jets- tice thee swere ie the Senateee, ehee the beegeent-et-Aeme mede the feoleewing peoclemetien: e1Heerpyel Heereye! Heereyel All persoseeteeeedered te beep sileeee, endee peeety ef impeisnetent, while the Senete ef Fleeide it sitting fee the teiel et HeeeiseE Reed, Goeeeee ef Fleride, fee high ceimee eed mitdemeenees. Ged save the Seete ef Fleeide eed thit heeeeehle Seeeee!" Astbet eftee the coeet bed ergeeized itedjeeeeedeeo aweit the eepeet ofthe commiteeeeppointedetodrafteruleseof peeeedeee eed peeetice fee the geideeee ef the Senete whbile sittieg et e high ceeet ef impeecheet. Ge Febeeery e5eh the coeeeemeteandthebSeneteeadptedeelesferee geeeeneeef the Seeete while peeeeedieg weith the triel. (See Seeate jeeeeel, pege 304). Ateummeetteet mede, eeteenableeatb8 o'ckp. m. the teme dey. J. P. C. Emmeet eppeeeed et the bee ef the Seeeteeeith aetherity feemGereee Reed teeecteeshisceeesel, and he preented the following t72 CARETBeAe RALE eN FOIA atlaegetnembeeeofeid witees reesideeouteofthe Seete and ie remete peetsofethe Uneited Steteteead theie tettimety isee- teepeeo peeee the Ceeioseeter cereged in seid ertices ef impeeehment, etd niebeet wehich tetimeeey the Astembly, by itmeeegerseetd ceentel, cennteatthit time safely preeeed te the triet ef the seid Heerisen Reed ;' theeefeee, Reeoleed, Thee the metegeet be directed te proceed te the barof theSenteeandeatehat neceesseryine le ellewed the meeegeet eedeeenseleee meedeetilet preeteedeeadeeope- paeeand preeetthe,end toprocueetheaenedanceeofnees-. saryeewitnesette til. The Assembly heeing eppeeeed etethe bee ef the Setete ee the reth dey ef Febeeeey end impeeehed Goeeeee Reed, thee bedy ee the seme dey petted et eedee thee the Senaete etify the Astembly thee the Seeeateeeold st etea high ceurteofimpeech- meet eeWedneedep, the e.4th ef Febeeerpe fee the teiel ef Gee. Reed. Immediely eheer the eedee bed been petted aesou tioe weet effeeed thee the twe heesee edjoern tine die en Febreeey 19th. The reselutieon wet pestpeeed entil the feleewieg Theet- dep. Oe the t4th ef Febeeerp a cemmittee weet eppeinted t etcrt Chief justice Rendetl tetheeeete Chembe. Heeeeieed and eat sweee by Aeteciete jettice Wettt. 'The Chief jet- ticee thee seeee ie the Senateen, ehee the heegeene-et-Aeme mede the fetleowing peeclemetiee: eHeee ye! Heee ye! Heerceel Alt peesenseeedeeed te beep siteeee, eedee peeelty ef impeiteonmene, while the Seeete ef Fleeide sitting feethe tileofHeeisee Reed, Goereore ef Fleeide, fee higb ceimet end mitdemeeeees. Ged save the Seete ef Pteeide end ehit heeeeehle Seeeaetee" Atsheetewhileeaftee theeeeerthed eegeeizedbet djeeeeedeeo eeeit the eepeetef teeeoemiteeeeppeintedeodrefteeeleseef peneednee eed prectiee fee the geideeee ef the Seeeteewhile tittieg et e high cneet ef impeechment. Ge Febreeey e5th the coeeeemeteendtheeneeeedptedeele fee he gerente f the Senete while peeeeedieg weith the triel. (See Seeate jeeeeet, pege 3e4). Ateumeens waetmde, returnabeleeatheo'lock p.mI. the same dey. J. P. C. Emmett eppeeeed et the bee ef the Senteewitheeutheeity feemGerneee Reed toeectea histeeentel, end be preented the feleeing:  CARPETBAG RULE IN FLORIDA. 173 CARPETBAG RULE IN FLORIDA. 173 'ItoI the mattter of thetimpeachmtenttof Harrison Rood, Gov- eroro the State of Florida : "I, Harrison Rood, Govornor of the State of Plorida, hav- ing beon notified to appoao bofoto this hootrablo court sittitng a0 acutof imnpeachmoent, to anotootoortain aticles ofimopech- menttfountdand pesentetd againsttmeby thehoorableothe Assoeobly of the State of Florida, do hereby appear by tmy counsel, J. P. C. Emosotwho hot toy toarrant and authority therefor, cod oho is onstucted by toe to csb of chit honorchle couortouhtioeosotayhbenecesscrycandeasonahle forthepep- aration oftoy aswer to soid tiles, aodo conductmy dfeoe thereto inall espects. Doted this toh dcy of Feheoary, A. D. 0870. "HARRISON REED." Mr. Emoos, ont behalf of Governor Reed, filed the fol. In the omatter of the Imepeachmtent of Harrion Reed, Goovernor of Florida, chargedtwith high criometandttmitdeteaorstin office, inompotyencoy cod mtalfeasance, aod cottdct detri- moentatlto goodorals. Beore the honorable, the Senate of the State of Florida, sitting at a Courot of Imopeachmoent. And theocaid Harrisoo Reed, Governor of Florida, byhis attoey, J. P. C. Emons, cootes hete into coot, aod prayinog leav'eof theouret to av'eo an- teseetohimoself the samoeright of objection to all or aoy of the articles of itopeachmoent againt himo preferred by the hoorable the Assemobly of said State, which he toight or woold have in cane ademooer to the sm weehere filed, and not cofesing ordmnitting ither teon- stitotionali tight of the honorable the Assetobly in the preetiset, or the sufficieny ilawofany ofthe sidaticles ofimpyech- toet foe the purposet ontended, says he it net gudlty of the said supposed high crimoes aod moisdemteanoestin office, incompetettoy antdtmalfeasantce,anddonduct detrimoental to goodtmorls, or ay of theto, in tocnner 00 fornt as the honorable the Assentbiy aforesaid, in cnd by the said crticles of itopechmnt hot comat plcined agcinst hito. J. P. C. EMMONS, Attorneycandof Counsel. HARRItSON REEo, Governor of Floeidc. Senctor Hillyne offeed the following ordee, which wa agreed to: Oedeed that the answnee of Harrison Reed, Governor, t the aeticles of imopechmtent exhbited agoansit hibetreceived ad filed. " Io the mtoctertof the itopeachtent of Harrison Reed, Gov- enrof the Stcte of Florida: I1, Harrisont Rood, Gosernor of the State of Floridc, boo- ing been notified to cypear before this hoorable courot titting as a court of itopechmtent, to cnswerecertain articles of itopechf- toetfouod andpestented againsttoeby tehoorable the Assetobly of the State of Florida, do hereby cppear by toy cootsel, J.P.C. Emmtons,o'ho hasy waraotcodathoity therefor, and who is ontructed by toe to atk of thit hoorabhle courtsch tioeaswmaybeecesscryad esoable forthepep- aration oftoy answ'erto said articles, cod to conduct toy defente thereto inll esyect. 'Dated Ohio 14th day of Februcey, A. D. 1870. "HARRISON REND." Me. Etons, on beholf of Gooeenor Reed, filed the fol- lowiog plea: In the mtoater of the Itopeachtoent of Harrison Reed, Gosernor of Florida, charged with high crimes cod misdetoeaors in offico, inomtpetency and toalfeascnce, cod ooducot detri- moental to good torcls. Before the honorable, the Sente oflthe State of Florida, stting casaCoortof Itopechmtent. Aod the scid Hcrrion Rood, Goooernor of Floeida, by his ctorney, J. P. C. Etotons, comes here into couet, cnd praying lease of the ouet toosav'eand reere'tohiooelf the sctoeright of objection to all at any of the artioles of impechmtent aginst himt prefered by the honorable the Assentbly of said State, ohich he toightor weoold haoe in cse a dentrer to the sante woerehereefiled, and not confessingaoradmnitting eitheretheon- stitutional tight of the hon~orable the Atsstobly in the pemnises, or thetsufficiencyin lw oany oftheoaid atilesofitpeach- mtentfor the purposes intended, oayobeis notogoiltyoftheocid snpposedbhigh critoesandoideoeostin offie, iompetency and toalfeasnce, and oonduct detrieintal to good toraolsor any of theto, in toanner 00 faeto at the honoecble the Assentbly aforesaid, in ad by the said articles of itopechmnt hot comn- plained against hito. J. P. C. EMMONS, Attorney and 0f Counsel. HAonoson REEo, Goernor of lorida. Senator Hillyne offered the following order, which was agreed to: Ordered that the answtee of Hcrriton Reed, Goveenor, to the artioles of intpeachmtent enhibited agcinat hint beheceeived and filed, CARPTBA OUEN FLORIDA. t173 "Io the toattereof the impeachtoent of Harrison Reed, Gav- enrof the State of Florida : "I1, Harriton Reed, Coovernor of the State of Florida, hae. ing beenoootified to aypoe befoe this honorable court stting at 0000000 of itoyeachtoent, 000ans000 certain articles ofiopeach- meont found and preeneted againttoe by the honorable the Assotobly of the State of Florida, do hereby appear by toy ounsel, J.P. C. Emtonos, hoasoy'arant and auhority therefor, and who is intrcted by me to cob of this hoorable courttsuch titoeastmaybeonecessaryandtreasonable forethe pep- crationaoftoy answer to said articles, andto conduct my defense thereto in lleects. "Dated this 04th day of Foerary, A. D. 1870. " HARRISON REED." Mo. Emmtons, on behalf of Governor Reed, filed the fol- laowing plea: Io the moatteo of the Imopechmenct of Harison Reed, Goveror of Flarida, chcrged with high criimes cod misdemeanors in office, incomopetency aod maotlfeasaoce, cod conduot detri- menotal to goodoraol. Before the honorable,the Seate oflthe Stateaof Florida, sittingcasuaCourt of Imopeachment. Aodthe said HarrisonoReed,DGoernor of Florida, by his attorney, J. P. C. Emmnoso, cotoes heoe into 00000, and praying leave of theourttoaeanl reereohintself the sametright of objection to all or coy of the articlestof impeachmoent against him preferred by the hoorable the Assemobly of naid State, which be might nor would haoe in c000 c deomurer to the nctoe wereee filed, andonot coonfesingoadmitting eithee theocon- stituotioal eight of the honorable the Assetobly in the pemises, or the sufficiecy in law of anyofthe said atiles of ipeah- nment forethepupoes intendod, saysohe isnot guiltyyofthe sid sucppoeod highcrimesandwidemeanorsnin office,iompeteny and malfeasaceo, and conduct detimtental to good morals, o any of themt, in moanner or form at the honorable the Asnemobly aforesaid, in and by the said articles of imopechmtent has con- plained ogainst hint. J. P. C. EMMONS, Attorney and of Consel. HARnISON REoo, 00000000 of Florida Senaor Hillyer offered the following ordee, which was agreed to: Odered that the answer of Harrein Reed, Goveanor, o the artiolet of itopechmtent enhibited against hint heeceeived and filed.  174 CARPETBA5G RULE tNORIA The cotunsel on behalf of the mnanagers preented the fol- lowintg : Mr. Chief justice and Gentlemnet of the Senate- to behalf of the Asnenmbly and at directed by the toanagern, t haethe hotaetaeqaent af the hotnrable Senatea copyaof the anser filed by Harriton Reed, Goveenoe of Florida, en te articlen of imtpeachmnt exhibited against bimt by the Asemetbly. Farther than thin: Mr. Chief juitice-By instraction of the Assemebly, the msan- agernattdcoaunselappontedetocndcttis important tial of tbe inmpeacbtment of Harison Reed, Governor, ioeview of the time necessary to coniderethe anseemade by theesnpondeot and to make replication thetaeso; in viewe also of the neccenoity foe proper time in which to penace the attendance of esitnestes, nba reside ot of the State, sebose tettimoony to necessaytoproeethe material matters and facts caaged in the Aeticles of Impeach- ment, and weithout wehic the Assembly byitsmanagrstandcou- set cannot with safety and deliberation and in justice to the reenpondent aswell as to the people, peoceedaeethin ieiofa- thee trial, and also for the puepose of amending she Aeticles of Itnpeachtaent, aleeady preenented, and prepaeand pese other articles in addil ion threto, to tbe honarable Senate, do therefore nob of thin honorable Senate that necessary time hr alfowed the managers and counsel to peocaretheateendanceafheitnesne, to make replication to tbe answer af Hareison Reed, and to pe' tent further Articles of Impeacbhment against himn. Mr. Chief justice-We make this application witb no poe- pose ta iteepose any exteaordinary delay in the progeess of thin canoe, othee than that-tahiab of right tee claim for orselces, and in justice to the people and to the renpondent. We are appeoaching the falter days of the constitutional limit of time allowed foe the~eegulat testion of the Legislature, and theomanagrsnand conel aeenitedlp of the opinion that the presence of the necessary wsitnessen cannotlponsibly he obtained so as to enable the managees to join issue teith the respondent before the sixty days hare elapsed. Note, in dueesnpect of the positiointehichtee prenent oar- selves, Senators mill understand that teithin the limits of the accuatiooweehaveemade, andlfoefrterereason,hbecauserof the flee additional articles which tee propose to present, there mont bea very conideableangeof subjects and agreatrariety of practical conidratinons that mill need to come andr the renponsile judgmen and for thediscreet and critical action of counsel. We do not present a mere quention of convenience, hot me 074 CARPETBAG RULEINFODA Tbhe counsel on behalf of the managern presented the fol- lowisng: Mr. Chief justice nd Gentlemen of the Senate- In behalf of the Asnembly and an directed by the managers, I have the honortorequet of the honorable Senate acopyaof the auster Siled by Harrison Reed, Govcror of Florida, to the articles of impeachment exhibited against him by the Assembly. Forth er than this: Me. Chief jostice-By instrution of the Assembly, the man - ogrs and coansel appointed to conduct this important trial of the impeachment of Harrison Reed, Gosrnoe, in dien of the time necessary to considerethe answer made by the rcspondentand to mahe replication there a; in virew also of the neccessity for proper time in tehich to pracute the attendance of witnesses, mba reside oat of the State, whose testimony isonecessary to prove the material mattresand facts charged in the Articles of Imspeach- meat, and teithout wehicb she Assembly by itsmanageesand coun- sel cannotmith safety and deliberation and in jastice to the respodentasmwell as to the people, proceed at this timeatofor- thee trial, and also for she purpose of amending the Articles of Impeachmetnt, already presented, and prepare and present other articles in addiition tbeeto, to the honorable Senate, do therefore ash of this honorable Senate that necessary time he alloteed she managers and counsel toapeocue the attendance of thewitnesses, to makar replication to the anser of Harrison Reed, and to pre' sent forther Articles of Impeachmsent against him. Me. Chief justice-We make thin application with no poe- pone to insterpose any extraordinary delay in the progesns of this cause, other than that-tehich of eight tee claim for ourselces, nd in justice to the people and to the espoedent. We are approaching the latter days of the constitutional limit of time allowed for theregolar session of the Legislature, and the manngersnandcounselareeuitedly of the opinion that the presence of the necessary wttnesses cannot possibly be obtained no as to enable the managert to join issor with the respondent before she sixty days base elapsed. Nate, in daerrespect of the positionoiowhichbwe present our- selves, Senators will understand that within the limits of the nccusation we base made, andlfor forther reason,hbecaose of the fire additional articles which we propose to present, there mast beasery considerablerange of subjects and a greatsvariety of practical considerations that teill need to come andr the responiljudgmnt and forthe discreet and critical action of counsel. We do not presnt amere question of convnienc, hattwe 074 CARPErBAG RULoE LRIDA. Tbhe counsel an behalf of the managers presented the fol- lowitng : Mr. Chief Justice and Gentlemen of the Senate- In behalf of the Assembly and us directed by the managers, Ihave the honor to request of the honorable Senatr a copy of the answer Siled by Harrison Reed, Govrnor of Florida, to the articles of impeachment exhibited against him by the Assembly. Farther than this: Mr. Chief justice-By instraction oftbe Atsemly, the man- agers and coantel appointed to conduct this importnt trial of the impeachment of Harrison Reed, Governor, in view of the time necessary toconsidrthe answer made by therespondenteand to make replication there~o; in view also of the aeccesaity far proper time in which to procuetheattendancerof witnesse,mwho reside outof the State, whose testimony is ncessary to pere the material matters andfacts charegd in the Articles of Impeach- ment, and without whichthe Attembly by itsmanagrrsand caon seI cannot with safety nd deliberation and in jastice to the respondentasmwell as to the people, proceed atbhis timeetofur- thee trial, and also for the parpose of amending the Articles of Impeachtment, already presented, and prepaeand presentfather articles in addition thereto, to the honorable Senate, do therefore ask of thin honorable Senate that necessary time be allowed the managers andcounsel topocare tbenattendance of themitesses, to make replication to the answer of Harrison Reed, and to pre ' sent farther Articles of Impeachment against him. Me. Chief justice-We make this application with no par. pose to ittrpose any roteaordinary delay in the progress of thin cause, other than that-which of right me claim far ourselves, and in juttice so the people and to the respondent. We are approaching the latter days of the constitustional limit of time allowed for thrergalar session of the Legislatue, and the managersnand counssel aetniedly of the opinion that the presence of the necessary witness en cannot possibly be obtained so us to enable the managers to join issue with the respondent before the sixty days have elapsed. Now, in doe respect of the position in which we present oar- nelves, Senators will understand tbat within the limits of tbe areas ation me have made, andlforfurthereasnon, becuse of the fire additional articles which we propose to present, there mast beraery considrable range of subjects and a great variety of practical considerations that will needtoa come andr the responsile judgmnt and forethediscreet and critical action of counsel. We do nut present amee qestion of conenience, bat we  CAROPETBAG RUtLE INFLORIDA. 175 showcauses of substance; and in toakittg this application se address ourselves to the tound disretsion of the Seoate, There are other and vry imnportatt coooideratiotts wrhich urge our application, ood those ore the economy of time, and of great eopeose to the State, nwhile woe sit here with both Hoooes in seosion, eegoged in ditatory proceedings, and twaiting for theserice of suboensuponwtnesesein New Yorkand NeweJersey, and the prodoction of documentoey evidence exit- ing outof the Stte. Itmayhbeougedy conel forretpondent that the time-honored eight of the acoused to a speedy and impartial trial isoseriously jeoparditedhby arcontinuance; hut me claim, Mr. Chief justice cod Senatort, that the rights of the people in their collective capacity are as importanttohbe preerced and tohbeguareddas jealously as those nf the citizen in his individual character. We, too, are anxious for a speedy trial. Bat ahove all, me ash that justice shall be done- that by careful preparation cod deliherate conduct, we shall direst orselves of all the prejudice of personal differences, and of all tics treat and hate which hetangs to the political foram, that ourrcase shallhepoprly and justly made up, and that if the respondent hr founrd guilty on these charges and on the othrocwhich we shalpeent, itmwill nothbecharged sasus that his accusers hae acted hastily, unfairly, or unjastly, or wnith unsernog desirectoadd injoryo misfotone. In hehalf of the managers, I ash that this statement may he placed spas the record: WHnness, Additional *time is necessarily required by the macagent and counsel prosecuting Articles of Impeachment against Harrison Reed, Goverore, before the honorable Senate, to amend articlet alreadypesented, and to prepare and present others, and to procure the attendance ofmwitnesses; and, whereas, alarge number of these mitnesses retide ot of this State, and in remote parts ofcheUnitedhtate, and their tesimony is necessary to prcve the various mattert charged in said Articles of Impeach. ment, and wsithout which testmn this Assembly, by its mana- gers and ocnen, cannot at thit time tafely proceed to the trial of the said Harrison Reed, Governor; therefore, Resolred, That the managers he directed to appear at the bar of the Senate and ash that fuether necessary time berallowred the managers and coantel to amend articles presented, andlto prepare and present others, and to procure the attendance of the necestarymwitnesssapon the trial. Mr. Jenkins tosed that the forther rantideration of this subject by the managers hr postponed till to-morrows, 12 o'clock CARnETBnAG RULEtINLORInA. 175 shom causes of substance; and in making this application me address ourselves to the sound discretion of the Senate, There are other and seep import ant considerations whbich urge our application, and those are the economy of time, and of great expense to the State, wehile tee sit here mith both Houses in session, engaged in dilatory proceedings, and inciting for theservicerofsohpmunassupon mitnesses in Rem York and NreJrsey, andsheprodctionof docmenay evidence enist- ingouofthe Satr. Itsmaphe rogedby cunselfseerspondent that the time-honored eight of the accused to a speedy and impartial trial is serioaslypjeopardizedhby a continuance; hat wsr claim, Mr. Chief justine and Senators, that the eights of the people in their collective capacity are as important so he preserdandstohreguarded as jealously ashose of the citizen is his individual character. We, too, are anxious for a speedy trial. Bat above alt, tee ash that justice shalt be done- that by careful preparation and deliberate conuct, me shall divert ourselves of alt the prejudice of personal differences, and of alt te treat and hate mhich belongs to she political forum, that our casershallbe poperly and justly made up, and that if the respondent be foutnd guilty on thete charges and on the othersowhich we shallpresent, itwilltnotbe charged so as that his accusers hare aeted hastily, unfairly, or unjustly, nr with anseeotog desireetoadd injuryo misfortune. In behalf of the managers, I ash that this statement may he placedoupon the racord: WHEnnAs, Additional 'time is necessarily required by the managers and counsel prosecuting Articles of Impeachment against Harrison Reed, Gocernor, beforerthe honorable Senate, to amend articles already pesented, and to prepare and present others, andto Procure the attendancerofmwitnesses; and,mwhereas, alarge number of these witnesses reside oat of this State, and in remote parts of the United States, and their testi*mony is necessary to peace the varioas massters charged in said Articles of Impeach- ment, and without which testiony this Assembly, by its mana- gets andcornrel, cannotsat this time safely proceedto the tial of the said Harrison Reed, Governore; therefore, Reaolved, That the managers he directed to appear at the basalf theSenate andask that futherecssaryimee allowed the managrs and consel to amend articles presentedand to prepare and present others, and to procure the attendancerof the necessary witnessessupon the tial. Mr. Jenkins tosed that the forthr runsideration of this subject by the managers hr postponed till to-morrow, 12 o'clock CARPETBAG OULO IN FLORIDA. 175 shom causes of substance; and in making this application we addess ourselces to the saund discretion of the Senate, There areother and seep import ant rootiderations nwhich urge our application, and those are the economy at time, and of great exipruse so the State, wehile we sit here with both Houses in session, engaged in dilatory proceedings, and wraiting for thesrvrice oftuteoatoupon mitneases in New York and New Jersry, andtle rpodcionof docmenay eoidencereist- ingaoutoftheSate. tmaphbeurgedy cousel forespondent that she time-honoed eight of the accused so a speedy and imparial trial is seriously jeopardizedby aontiuance; but me claim, Ms. Chief justice and Senators, that the eights of the people in their collectire capacity are as importantstohbe preered and tohreguardedas jaloustyas thse of the citizen in his indicidal character. We, too, are anxious foe a speedy trial. Bat shore all, me ash that joustice shalt he done- that by careful preparation and deliberate conduct, me shall direst orselves of all the prejudice of personal differences, and of all the heat and hate mhich belongs to the potitical forum, that uur case shalbe properly and justly made up, andthat if the respondent he found guilty son these charges aud an the others wohich wershall prsen, itmwilltnotberharged soons that his accusers hare acted hastily, unfairly, or unjustly, or weith uosrtoiug desireeto add injrystomisfortune. In behalf of the managers, I ash that this statement may hr placed upon the reord: WononAs, Additional time is necessarlp required by the managers and counsel peosecuting Artices of Impeachment against Harrison Reed, Gocernor, before the honorable Senate, an amend articles already prsented, and so prepare and present others, and toprocurerthe attednce ofmitsses; and,mwhreas, alarge number of these witnesses reside out of this State, and in remote parts of the United States, and their testimony in necessary to peace the various matters charged in taid Articlet of Impeach. mess, and without mhich testiony this Assembly, by its mana- gers and cotrorel, cannot at this time safety proceed to the trial of the said Harrison Reed, Governor; therefore, Resled, That the managers hr directed so appear as the bar of the Senuate and ash shut further necessary time be alloweed the managrsnand counsel to amend articles presented, and to prepare andprsent others, andstoprocure therattendanceof the necessary writnessesnuponathe trial. Me. Jenkins snored that the further consideration of this subject by the managersnhe pottponed till tmeeom, at o'clock  176 CARPETBAG RULE IN FLORIDA. Senator Henderon offered the follow-ing order: That thetmaaerts mae replication at I z o'clock m. to-esor- ro to how cause. The yeas and Btays owere called for with the following Thote voting in the affirmoaticewe: Messes. Adaots, Athies, Billings, Ctrawford, Dennis, Eogan, Giee, Hendeeson, Hilt, Hilipee, Jenkins, Johnson, Kendrick, Locke, Mcl~inon, Meochoet. McCaskill, Peaece, Pouoean, Sot- too, Weeks and Wenenotk-22. Nays-None. So the orer Rot adopted. The coort then adjoorned till t2oclock to-oow, at Seo- ate ehamtbee. Aftee preetenting the applicotioo foe continoonce oe the poet of the manageet the eooet adjourned to meet oo the next day. Aftee the adjoornment of the cooet the resolotion prevsiously offered tooadjourn sine dien-os taken op and potsedhbyaooeof tee to nine-steven Repokicants and theee Demoocrots Toting foe adjouronent. The High Cooet of Impeachment met on the 17th of Fehruaey, at mhieh time Goveenor Reed, through his cooutsel, preented the followng: In tke matter of the tmpeachment of Hoerison Reed, Goceeoe of the State of Florida. TO THE HIGH COURT OF IMPEACnMENT: Haeeiton Retd, Goeeor of the State of Floeido, respoodeot in said caose, hy his cooosel, comes and movesethis honorahte court to geaot him, until Mooday not, time to prepare answee to the Aeticles of Impeachment as oeiginatty Siled and sohne- quently amended hy teave of this eouet. This application is mode in vietw of the concoreent action of the Senate aod Assem- bly, fiting Monday net as the dayof finatadjoutrnment, theeby precludfingthis respondent, mnless hy the eoluntary action of the goverenment, from makiog his defense hefore the expiration of his teem of office, if esee. And this respondent confidently expects to make good his pleahby suchtestimony asmwilh e stis- factory tnthosenwho, fromoaheaeingmwhichmoasentirely expaee, felt it their duty to snake the chaeges and speifications fited against him. This honorahie couet mill take notice that at the time of Sil- ing his plea to the artices as fist presented, this respondent reseeved tke tight to file special answer to said aeticles sevee- 176 CARPETBAG~ RULE IN' FLORIDA. Seoatoe Heodeesoo offeeed tkefollowinogrder Thatthe maoages make replication at to o'clock me. so-moe- The yeas aod nays serte called foe oith the followeing Those voting in the affiemative were: Messrt. Adams, Atkines, Billings, Ceaofoed, Deeeis, Eagao, Gioo, Heodeeson, Hilt, Hitllee, Jenkies, Johnson, Kesdeick, Locke, McKinono, Meacham, McCaskill, Peaece, Poemao, Sat- too, Weeks and Weotteoth-oo. Nays-None. So the oedee mat adopted. The couet then adjouened till e o'clock to-moeeowe,at Sen- ate chamber. Ahtee presenting the application foe contiouance on the pace of the managners the couet adjoueoed to meet on the nest day. Aftee the adjooenment of the court the eesoltion previoasly offeredto adjournosine dietwas taken op aod passedbyaevoeof ten to nine-seeen Repoklicans and three Democeats eoting foe adjounment. The High Court of Impeachmett met on the t7th of Febraey, at wehich time Goeernor Reed, throogh his counsel, presented the folloming : In the matter of the Impeachment of Hareison Reed, Goceroor of the State of Florida. TTHEHH COUROFcIMPEnACHMENT: Harrison Recd,Governor of the State of Florida,erespondent inesaid cause, hy his counsel, comnes and mov'esthisooeale couet to geant him, ontil Monday next, time so peepaee anser to the Articlet of Impeachment as oeiginally Siled and sobse- quently amended by leaee of this couet. This application is mode in vews of the concoreent action of the Senate and Assem- hly, fixiog Monday next as the daypof final adjurtnment, theeby precluding this respondent, anless by the eoluntaey action of the goveenment, from making his defense befoe the espiration of his teem of office, if ever. And this respondent confidently expects to make good his pleaby soch testimony atnwillhe satis. factoey to those n-ho, from a hearingnwhichmwas entirely expate, felt it their duty to make the chaeges and specifications Siled against him. This honoeable couet mill take notice that at the time nf Sil- iog his plea to tke aeticles as first presented, this eespondent reseeved the right to file special answeer to said articles seer- 176 CAORTBAG RULE IN FLORIDA. Seoatoe Heoderson offered the folloowing orer That themaoagers moakeereplicationsat to o'clock m. to-moe- too hose cause. The yeas and oays st-eoe called for n-itk thte follon-ing resalt Those voting in tke affirmatice n-err: Messes. Adams, Atkins, Billings, Crawoford, Dennis, Eagan, Gino, Hendeeson, Hill, Hiltyce, Jenkins, Johnson, Keodeick, Locke, Mc~inon, Mteacham, McCaskill, Pearce, Poetoan, Sat- eon, Weeks and IWeotwoth-22. Nays-None. So the oeder n-as adopted. The courtethen adjoarned tilt t2oclock to-morton-, at Sen- ate chamber. After presenting the application foe continuance on the pare nf the managers the couet adjourned so meet on tke next day. After the adjournment of the coort the resolution preciously offeredto adjouenoine dien-as taken op and passedhbyaevoteof ten so nine-seven Repoblicans and theee Democeats voeing foe adjouenment. The High Court of Impeachment met on the 17th of Fehetary, as wehich time Gocrnor Reed, through his counsel, presented the followning: In tke maten of the Impeachment of Harrison Reed, Govcernor of she State of Florida. TTHEnHH COURTOFIMPEACHMENT: Harrison Recd, Governor of the State of Florida, respondent innsaid caose, by his counselcoes and mov'esthis hoorable coors to grant him, ontil Monday neot, time to peepare answer to the Articles of Impeachment as originally Siled and suhse- quenty ameoded by leave of this coors, This application is made in vew of the concurentl action of the Senate aod Assem- hly, fining Mondayrnext as the daypof final adjournoment, thereby precludingethis respondent, onlessthy the eoluntary action of the goernment, from making his defense befoe the expiration of his term of office, if ever. And thin respondent confidently expects to make good his pleaby suchsestimony as willbe atis- factory to those n-ho, from a hearingnwhich was entirelyrex pare, felt it their daty to make the charges and specifications filed against him. This honorable court mill take notice that at tke time of fil- ing his plea to the articles as first presented, this respondent resereed the right to file special answ-er to said artisles teere  CARPETBAG RULE 1.14 FLORIDA. 177 CARPETBAG RULE IN FLORIDA. 177 ally uynn the happening of a Uontingency, whioch hat note teant- pired. .Me. Hooenron offeredthe following oder: Otadonod, Tbhat theoune NRoIf the respnndent be allntwed until onday next, 9 UA., tonfllebisanswer,,ameneedd anseret or pla to toe beticlot nf Imetaohmnto nxhibited againtt hittt Wlhich wasladoted. Me. Wetorth mtltoved that the heotositing ao a Hight Courttof Imaonultnt adjourtily .A. a. Monday; W~hich oat agreed ta. The Chief Jaastioo than adjoured the oourt till Moeday 9 The Nigh Court of Imtpeachmtent otet Febrnney 19th, aod the onnelfnothetresynndeontbsedleane tnfilethe fnllow tog: ''And tlte taid tetpondent, by hisonseolomesoandttnves tteournt that theplea heretofrefieldtonthesaidnerticlesof lIm- peachent bheldand treatednasthe plea ananswtoerto the taid attioleo ined asince thent, tho satme astheoagh taid plea twat this day ined." 'Vety respeotfully, "J. P. C. EMMONS, "Connnel foe Respnndeet," Theereqnestnftheesynndeotwa granted. The Bonaednof Managers preented the fnllotwhtg: Ranafoed, That the mtaeageet aed oountol pretng Aetiolos of Imenpaohteent against Hateiton Reed, Gooeenoe, he empnoeed andeonteucted to peepareeandfile intheHgh Couet ef Iempeachmeet the neeetaey replioation en the aetteer aed plea that Haeeison Reed, Goentor, hat oe meay file to the taid Aetioles of Imnpeaohmtent. Attest, M. L. SiTEARNS, Speabee of the Assetbly. H. H. CLAY, Clerk of the Astembtly. Which eat ageeed to. Tbeounstel foe the Bnaed of Manageet of the Assettbly offered a replioatin aed ashed that it thould he filed. Tbeounstel foe the reespondet submittedthe flloting, and ached that it he filed: ally uyon the hapyening of a Uontingiency, twhiob hat notrlans- pired. Mr. Hoenesn offered the followneg order: Ordered/, That theounotl of the respndeet he allotoed until Monday nex, A., to ftleodtaenwe,anded ansetoot, on plot to to Arie o fi Impeaohmtont oxhibihed agahin himo t hihio oat adopted. Mn. yanto ati mtoved that the Senate sittieg at a High Cona alo Itnyeooonnndjoo tlly . %o. Mnday; Wlhiohtoaaagroed to. The Chiaf j antico thtan adjoaned tho ouet till Mooday 9 Ploh High Court af Iatpeaohtaett tet Febeuaey tyth, and tto consel foe terespnntasked leaoe to file filtefollow-. ing: " Andtheoaideondeot, by his ouaeel cotesandntoves theouretethat theypleahereetooeefiledto theosaid aetiolestof nt- peoohoneteheld and treated astheopleaoand antoer to the said aetiolen iled tince theo, tho samte an though said plea tone thin day filed." 'Veto resnpectfully, "J. P. C. EMMONS, "-Counselfornepondent." The request of the resondent nao geanted. The Bnaednfl Maonagers preseotod the followng: Reon/ed, That the meanageec and onsel peoecating Aetioleo of Imnpeaohmnt againt Haeeisn Reed, Coonerner, he empowereed and instreuted toprepaeeand file inthe High Couet of Icnpeaobnement the neoeosaey teplioation to the answee and plea that Hareison Reed, Goveenoe, bee oe mnay file to the taid Aetioles of Imepeaohmtetnt. Atteot M. L. STEARNS, Speahee of the Assetmbly. H. H. CLAY, Clerb ofl the Assentbly. Whioh wat agreedto Tbeonsel foe the Bnaed of Manageec of the Acsembly offered a eeplioatinn and ached that it ehould he filed. Tbeouansel foe the eeepeedeetcnhbmitted the flloweing, and ached that it he filed: ally uon the happening of a contingency, wohiob ban notas pired. MU. Hooderoon offered ntne followngorder: Ordo-1a Thtntnheounoselof thaeoreyondent eeallowed antilMndayoanx, 9 A.a ., to fileahieansetor, amnendod answer, oplot to tho Antiolot of Imeaohmnt exhibied againnt bite Whiol as one ed Mr. Wnoanti moved that the heonate stting at a High Coartaof Inetonit adjounntiillp ..-Mondlay; W~hioh tat agtoeed to. The ChiefJ nation thon adjountd toe court till Monday 9 The High Cotrt of lotyonohotent net Febeuany 19th, and tho consol foe te roopondoot atbed loaoe to file tofollne- leg; " Andteaidespndent,hyybisoonsoelomne andtoes theouartthat theoyloaiheeetofore filedntotheasaid aticlesof en. 1teaoltttot baeaold and teeateoaotelela andlanosetnthe said artilon iled son then, tho samte an though oaid plea wsthio day filod." Vr epcfly "J. P. C. EMMONS, "Counsel fne Respondent." The requent of the eenyondent toat geanted. The Bnaed nfl Managers yresooted tho follotoing: _Reodlved, That the moanagoecs and consel penseonting Aetiolos of Impoaohmntet againot Haeeisn Reed, Gooeenoe, he emnpowereed andinteated to peepareeandfileianthe High Couet ofl Imnpeaohmton the neoensaey eeplioation In the answee and plea that Hatrisn Reed, Coveeno, has oe nay file tn the caid Aetioles of Imepeaohmnnt. Attesta M. L,. STEARNS, Sipeakee of the Assemnhly. H. H. CLAY, Cleeb of the Assembhly. Whioh was ageed to. Tbeonsel foe the Bnaed nf Managees of the Assemnbly nffered a eeplioatin and ached that it shnnld he filed. Tbeoaasel fine the renspondeat sabmeitted nhe folloning, and ached that it he filed:  178 CA.RPETBAG RULE IN FLORIDA. Counsel objects to the reception of the replication on the ground that it does not appear to ht put in under the direotion of the Assetohly, not the mode ptetceihed by law thetefor. The counsel foe the managers then withdew, andeohbse- quently tendered the following replication: In te Assembly teed State of Florida, February 19, 1872. Replication by the Attembly of the State of Florida to the pleas of Harrison Reed, Goveror, to the Articlet of Impeach- ment exhibited against him by the taid Atsemtbly. Aodonow comos the Attemhty by itt managers and coontl, and having contidered the oeoeral yleat of Harrison Reed, Governor, to the seoeral Artictes of Imyraohment eohbiited against him in the name of the taid Aooembly, and of all the peope ofFlorid, andereservig to the said Attembly all adrantaget of excrption to the insufficiny ofsaid pleas, to each and all the taid severat Articles of Impeachment, eohibited againsttsaid Harrison Reed, Gocerno, andforthereplication to saidypleas, do toy that said Harrison Reed, Goverr, is guilty of the high ceimes and misdemeanors, of incompeteocy and mal- feasance, and ofcondoct detrimnsttat to good moa, aod that the Assembly is ready to proce the tame. M. L. STEARNS, Speakee of the Assembly. H. H. CLAY, Chief Clerk of Assemhly. Me. Jenkins offered the follosring order: Ordered, That the replication of the managers to the respondensspleabe received andhfled. Which was adopted. Mr. Wentwrorth offered the following order: Oetdered, That the Senate sitting as a High Coort of Impeachmrnt do nowradjourn in accordanewith the concorrent resolution adopted hy the Senate and the Assemhly foe the adjournment of the Legislatuee. The peat and nays were called for with the following result : Those voting in the affirmative were: Messrs. Adams, Dennis, Hill, Jenkins, Kendrick, Lotke, Meacham, PUeman and Wentwortls-9. Those voting in the negative were, 178 CARPETBAG RULE IN FLORIDA. Coonsel objects to the reception of the replication on the ground that it does not appear to he pot in under the direction of the Assemhly, nor the mode prescribed hy law therefor. The counsel for the manoers then withdrew, and subse- quently tendrred the following replication: In thse Assemd~r teed State of Florida, February 19, r872. Replication hy the Assembly of the State of Florida to the pleas of Hareison Reed, Covernor, to the Articles of Impeach- int exhihited against him by the said Assemhly, And now comes the Assembly by its managers and Counsel, and haeing considered the several pleas of HarrisonRReed, Governor, to the several Articles of Impeachment exhibited against him in the name of the said Assembly, and of all the people of lorida, and reserving to the said Assembly all adrantages of exception to the insufficiecy of said pleas,to each and all the said seceral Articles of Impeachment, exhihited against said Harrison Reed, Covernor, and for rho replication so saidypleas, do say that said Harrison Reed, Govror, is guilty of the high crimes and misdemeanors, of incompetencyand mal. feasaoce, and of conduct detrimental to good morals, and that the Assemhly is ready to prove the same. M. L. STEARNS, Speaker of the Assembly. H. H. CLAY, Chief Clerk of Assembly. Mr. Jenkins offered the following order: Ordered, That the replication of the managers to the respondent's plea be received and filed. Which was adopted. Mr. Wentworth offered the following oedee: Ordered, That the Senate sitting as a High Coort of Impeachment do now adjourn inaccodance with theoncurrent resolution adopted by the Senate and the Assemhly for the adjournment of the Legislature. The yeas and nays were sailed for with the following result,: Those voting in the affiemative were: Messrs. Adams, Dennis, Hill, Jenkins, Kendriek, Locke, Meacham, Furman and Wentworth-9. Those voting in the negative were: 178 CARPRTBAG RULE IN FLORIDA. Counsel objects to the reception of the replication on the ground that it does not appear to he pot in onder the direction of the Assembly, nor t he mode prescribed hy law therefor. The counsel for the managers then withdrew, and subse- quently tendered the following replication: In thse Assembly teed Stae of aFlorida, February 19, 1872. Replication by the Assembly of the State of Florida to the pleas of Harrison Reed, Governor, to the Articles of Impeach. ment exhibited against him by the said Assembly. And now eomes the Assembly by its managers and counsel, and hoeing considered the several pleas of Harrison Reed, Governor, to the several Articles of Impeachment exhbited against him in thin name of the said Assemhly, and uf all the people of Florida, and reserciog to the said Assembly all advantages of exeeption to the insufficiency of saidypleas, to each and all the said several Articles of Impeachment, exhibited against said Harrison Reed, Governor, aodforbhe replication to saidypleas, do say that said HarrisonoReed, Gocernor, is guilty of the high crimes and misdemeanors, of incompetency and mal- feasance, and ofeconduct detrimental togood morals, and that the Assembly is ready to prove the samr. M. L. STEARNS, Speaker of the Assemhly. H. H. CLAY, Chief Clerk of Assemhly. Mr. Jenkins offered the following order: Ordered, That the replieation of the managers to the respondent's plea hr received and filed. Which was adopted. Me. Wentworth offered the following order: Ordered, That the Senate sitting as a High Court of Impeachment do now adjourn in acordanenwith the concurrent resolution adopted hy the Senate and the Assembhly for the adjournment of the Legislature. The yeas and nays were called for with the following result,: Those voting in the affirmative were, Messrs. Adams, Dennis, Hill, Jenkins, Kendrick, Loeke, Meacham, Purman end Wentworth-9. Those voting in the negative were,  CARPETBAG RULE IN FLORIDA. 179 Messrs. Atkint, Billings, Crawford, Eagan, Ginn, Hender- son, Hillyr, Mcinnon, McCaskill, PerOce and SutsRR-ii SR the order wast not adopted. Mr. Wentwo~rth msoved that the Senate room be cleared for deliberationt; Which not Rot agreed to. The cousel foe the rspondent offered the followring, End asked that it he filed: In the mtter of Harrison Reed, impeached foe high critnes, mtis- denmeanoes, nmalfeasance io office and condoct deteinmental to good msorals. I, Harrison Reed, Gocernor of the Statt of Florida, hereby bynmy coansel, J. P. C. Emomons, nowccomeheeinto cooetand demnead a trial of the chorget aforeetaid, etodied in the Articlet of Imnpeachmoent, filed against me in this coort, to wshich I bane filed toy plea cerified by oath as reqoiredhby the Contitu- tin of this State. And Intow herebytsolemnly protest, that, at I non msahe tochdensand and hereby declaretoyself ready foe trial, fnrther pereedings tholl rot he delayed or continued to an imsstible day oe titne, weithin wchich toy office at Gocernor aforestaid will base enpired by constitational limuitation. Ordered that the tome be filed. The counsel foe the retpondent offered the following: Me. Emmtons, reespondent, moved that the managers pea- need with the ecidrnce, or that he be acquitted and ditchaeged. Mr. Henderson moved that the Senate chanmhee be cleared foe deliberation; Which wat agreed to. Mr. Wenworhnmoed that the doarsbe now opened; Which wat agreed to. The dooet were opened. Senoator Jenkins nffered the following orer: Ordered, That the High Coat of Impeachment do now adjoarn. Mr. McCaskill offered the following as a substitute: WHnoEAS, Articles of Impeachment hare been presented by the honorable Assembly of Floridn against Harrison Reed, Governor, and whereas the respondent demands an immediate trial, Ordered, tderefore, That this couet will continue to sit feom day to day at to o'cdockhof each day, foe the teil of Hareison CAnETnAG RULE NLORIDA. 179 Messes. Athins, Billings, Ceawford, Eagan, Gino, Hender- son, Hilipee, McKinon, McCashill, Pearce and Sutton-stI. So the order was not adopted. Mc. Wentworth moved that the Senate room hr cleared for deliberation; Which ws not agreed to. The counsel foe the respondent offered the following, and asked that it be Siled: In the matter of Harrison Reed, impeached foe high crimes, mis- demeanors, malfeasance in office aod conduct detrimental to good morals. I, Harrison Reed, Governr of the State of Plorida, hereby by my coonsel, J. P. C. Emmon, nonrcomeoheeintocoortand demand a trial of the charges aforesaid, embodied in the Articles of Impeachment, filed against me in this coort, to srhich I base filed my plea verifed by oath as required by the Constitu- tin of this State. And Ioow heebysolemnly protest, that, ottI now mnake sach demand andbhereby declare myself ready for trial, farther proceedings shall Rot be delayed or continued to an impossible day or time, within which my office as Govrnor aforesaid will hacesepired by constitutional limitation. Ordered that the same be filed. The counsel foe the respondent offered the following: Me. Emmons, respondent, moved that the managers pro- ceed with the evidence, or that he hr acquitted and discharged. Mr. Henderson moved thatlthe Senate chamberebeecleared for deliberation; Which was agreedsto. Mr. Wentworth moved that the doorsbe now opened; Which was agreed to. The do ors were opened. Sesator Jenkins offered the following order: Ordered, That the High Coort of Impeachment do now adjoarn. Me. McCaskill offered the following an a substitute: WHcnnAS, Articles of Impeachment bave been presented by the honorable Assembly of Florida against Harrison Reed, Gosrnor, and whereas the respondent demands an immediate trial, Ordered, therefore, That this runes will continoe so sit from day to day at o o'clockhof eachday, for the trial uf Harrison CARPEAG RULE sIN FLORIDA. 179 Messes. Atkins, Billings, Crawford, Eagan, Glen, Hender- son, Hillyr, Mc~innon, MctCaskill, Pearce aod Sattnn-s a. So the order oat not adopted. Mr. Wentworth moved that thefSenate room becleared for deliberation ; Which wat not agreed to. Theocounsel for the respondentloffered the follnwing, and asked that it ho filed: In the matter of Harrison Reed, impeached foe high crimes, ms demeanors, malfeasance is office asd condact detrimental so good morals. I, Harrison Reed, Gocernoe of the State of Florida, hereby by my coonsel, J. P. C. Emmons, now come heeoisto courtand demand a trial of the charges aforesaid, embodied in the Articles of Impeachment, filed against me in this court, to which Ihose filed toy plea serifed by oath as required by the Constitu- tin of this State. And Inow herey slemnly protes, that, astI now mahe sorb demand and herehy dclaemyselfeeady foe trial, furthr proceedings shall Rot he delayed oe continoed to an impssible day or time, within which my office as Gnvrnor aforesaid will hoe espied by constitotional limitation. Oedered that the same be Siled. Tbercounsel for the respondent offered the followeing~ Mr. Emmons, respondent, moved that the managers pro- ceed with threseidenc, oe thathhebeaqitted and discharged, Mr. Henderson moved that the Senaterchamber be cleared for deliberation; Which oat agreed tn. Mr. Wenrworth moved that the doorshbe now opened; Which was agreed to. The doors were opened. Senator Jenkins offered the followring order: Ordered, That the High Court nf Impeachment dn now adjourn. Me. McCaskill offered the following as a substitute: WHEREAS, Articles of Impeachment base been presented by the hnnorable Assembly of Florida against Harrison Reed, Governnr, and wherran the respondent demands an immediate trial, Ordered, therefobre, That this conert will continue to sit fromt dayto day at so o'clock ofeach day, for the trial of Harrison  Reed, till adjounned by the tintitationt of the State Cotnstitutin, to-wt: Till the end of 6e days. Me. Paeacaneoffered the fllowtingnorder~ Onrdered, That the Senate titling in High Coutt of Imapeach- mnent donowneadjouen. The yeat and naeyt were netted fee with the folitnig result: These nnting in the affirmaetive anee Mactee. Adants, Deceit, Dine, Hilt, Jenkint, Kendeick, Locke, Meacamee, Pneenneand Wenenath-ta. Thote eating in the negative cerne: hienets. Atkine, Certwford, Egan, 'McKinnon, Mc-Cashill and Pearne--6. Sn the oedee teat adopted. The Chief juttine then dec-lared the nouet adjouened in pee- s an fthenordeeof thehSenate, andeerdered the Seegeant-at- Armse to emake the fattewing peoelanmation: Heareye! Hearnye! Hearnye! ThehSenateeofthehStateeof Florida, sitting as a high Couee of Impyeachent, nate stands adjouened. Cad cane the htate of Flarida and thie honoeehle The Oshorn cnspirators cede no hesitation in openly denlaeing, abtet the Goenor had teen imapeanhed, that they did tntintndtongive himtantial. They onty deemred in get hint nuspended en that there wnould he no hindeanne to the naommin- nion offeand atethe ensuing etection, and the nomnination and eonting in of hI. L. Steatns tat Goveenoe, while Day, the ant- ing Governor, wtee eenominated andncounted inforCongess. Ounexet chaptee wcill chat hate Governoe Reed heobe thin nlate and cnspiracy. Reed, till adjourened hy the linmitations of the htate Conseitution, t-i;Till the end af Sn days. hit. Putmtan ofered the foltlowingerdee: On-deead, That the Senate stting in High Cout of Imepeach- ment donowaadjourn. Thle yeas and caye w-ere called fee wihthe fattening tresult: Those eating in the affirmativ-e wee: Messes. Adamse, Deceit, Dine, Hilt, Jenhinc, Kendrie-h, Locke, Meachatm, Pattean and Weneneth-en. Thosenvotinginhe negatieee: hiesces. Atkine, Ceawfoed, Eagan, 'Me-Kinnon, Me-Caskill and Fe-ane-S. Sn the oedee c-an adapted. The Chief justice then dee-laeed the couet adjouened in pee- nsaneof thenerdeeof the Senate, and oedered the Seegeant-at- Aemtn enmake the fattening peoatmation: Hearee' Henepye! Heaeyae! TheieenaeeofetheStateeof Floeida, sitting an a high Leant of Iampeacnht, ace- standn adjourned. GodnsaveethehStatenof Floeida and thin hoenorahle The Oshorn cnspieators mede no hesitation in openly denlating, abtet the Goneenoe had been imapeace-hd, that they did notnintendtoagive hima tial. They aaly desieed to get hint suspended en that tee teenld be an hindeanne tn the ecommis- sionof fraud at the ensuing etection, and the naomination and eonting in of M. L. Stearnse fee Goneenoe, ct-ile Day, the net- leg Goveenoe, tesen Inbe nomtinated and coneted infornCngess. Ounexet chapter will chant hate Govnr Reed beohe thin slate and cnspiracy. Reed, till adjoutned by the timeitatins of the State Constitntion, ta-t Titt the end of Sn days. Me. Putnmannoffeeed thefollowingaerdee: Or-dered, That the Senate siiting in High Courtnof Impea-h- meent donaanadjourn. The yeas and Bayc weee netted fee twith the fattening recult: Those eating in the airmnative were: hiesses. Adamse, Dennie, Dine, Hilt, Jenkins, Kendeich, Lonbe, Meaehate, Peenten and Weantwteh- - a Those eating in the negative wnee hMenees. Athins, Ceawefoed, Eagan, yte-Kinnon, Mc-Cashilt and Pnaeee-S. Sn the oedee teat adapted. Tht Chief juntice then dentaed the coutt adjourned in pat- s an fteeordeeof tbhe Sne, andetrdeted See Sergearit-at- Armst to meake the fattewing proamnation: Heat ye! Heat ye! Heat ye! The Senate of the State of Florida, stting as a high Couet at Imapeanhmtene, nownntands adjouneed. Gad cane the State of Flotida and thin honoeable The Debate cnspiratorn mede no hesitation in openly denlaring, abtet the ovneenoe had been impeac-hed, that they did notcintendtongive himaatial. They only deemred en get him suspended en that thee teould he no hindeanne In the naommte- sionnoffraud atthe ensuing election, and nhe nomnination end nounting in at M. L. Steans lee Goveenoe, wnhile Day, the ant- leg Governor, wtastonbe nominated andncounted inforCnges. Ounexet chapter wcill chaw hate Governor Reed brebe thin elate and cnspiracy.  CHAPTER XIII. The Banquet of the Conspirators and the Handwriting on the Wall. Day's Proclamation and the Meeting of the Legisla- ture. Extracts from Day's Proclamation. The Decision of the Supreme Court. The Conspirators Agai Jubilant. The Conspirators Driven into Court. Governor Reed Before Yhe Hgh Coet of Impeachment. The Famous Argument of Jsudge Emmons. The Reply of the Managers. The Conspir- ators See Danger Ahead, and are Veathy With Day. Hon- est Cessna Exposed. The Triumph of Governor Reed. Scenes Around the State House when Governor Reed was Dis- charged. The Osborn conspirators having now deposed Governor Reed and, as they thought, buried him with his face downward, were jubilant and defiant. The strongest friends of the Governor grew weak, while the doubtful and faint-hearted of the conspir- ators grew strong. No one in the Republican party dared to utter a word in defense of Harrison Reed, under penalty of being read out of the party as a traitor. James W. Johnson, white carpet-bagger, one of the leading conspirators and a mem- ber of the board of managers of impeachment, was made pri- vate secretary of Governor Day, at a salary of $750 per annum. Not a speck of cloud could be seen by them in the political hori- zon to disturb their peaceful ten month's sail in the great ship of state to the verdant fields of plunder, which they so eagerly antici- pated would be fully ripe and ready for wholesale harvest in the nomination, counting in and inauguration of M. L. Stearns, the Bureau agent, as Governor. Governor Reed, in the meantime, unassumoingly contended that the adjournment of the court after issue had been joined and the Senators sworn to try the Articles of Impeachment, and the adjournment, after his arraignment without his consent and against his protest, operated as an acquittal. The Governor, in order to have the matter amicably settled as to who was the legal Governor, proceeded to the executive office and had an interview with Governor Day, CHAPTER XII. The Banquet of the Conspirators and the Handwriting an the Wall. Day's Proclamation and the Meeting of the Legisla- ture. Extracts fromn Day's Proclamation. The Decision of the Supreme Court. The Conspirators Agad Jubilant. The Conspirators Driven Into Court. Governor Reed Before The Hgh Coure of Impeachment. The Famous Argument of Judge Emmons. The Repl of the Managers. The Conspir- ators See Danger Ahead, and are Wrathy W/ith Day. Hon- est Cessna Exposed. The Triumph of Governor Reed. Scenes Around the Slate House when Governor Reed was Dis- charged. The Osborn conspirators having now deposed Governor Reed and, as they thought, buried him with his face downward, were jubilant and defiant. The strongest friends of the Governor grew weak, while the doubtful and faint-hearted of the conspir- ators grew strong. No one in the Republican party dared to utter a word in defense of Harrison Reed, under penalty of being read out of the party as a traitor. James W. Johnson, white carpet-bagger, one of the leading conspirators and a mem- ber of the board of managers of impeachment, was made pri- vate secretary of Governor Day, at a salary of $750 per annum. Not a speck of cloud could be seen by them in the political hori- zon to disturb their peaceful ten month's sail in the great ship of state to the verdant fields of plunder, which they so eagerly antici- pated would be fully ripe and ready for wholesale harvest in the nomination, counting in and inauguration of M. L. Stearns, the Bureau agent, as Governor. Governor Reed, in the meantime, unassumingly contended that the adjournment of the court after issue had been joined and the Senators sworn to try the Articles of Impeachment, and the adjournment, after his arraignment without his consent and against his protest, operated as an acquittal. The Governor, in order to have the matter amicably settled as to who was the legal Governor, proceeded to the executive office and had an interview with Governor Day, CHAPTER XIII. The Banquet of the Conspirators and the Handwriting on the l/l. Day's Proclamation and the Meeting of the Legisla- ture. Extracts from Day's Procdamation. The Decision of the Supreme Court. The Conspirators Agaiv hubilant. The Conspirators Driven Into Court. Governor Reed Before The High Court of fipeaehminent. The -Famous Argument of Judge Emmsons. The Reply of the Managers. The Conspir- ators See Danger Ahead, and are Wrathy With Day. Hon- est Cessna Exposed. The Triunmph of Governor Reed. Scenes Around the Sate House when Governor Reed was Dis- charged. The Osborn conspirators having now deposed Governor Reed and, as they thought, buried him with his face downward, were jubilant and defiant. The strongest friends of the Governor grew weak, while the doubtful and faint-hearted of the conspir- ators grew strong. No one in the Republican party dared to utter a word in defense of Harrison Reed, under penalty of being read out of the party as a traitor. James W. Johnson, white carpet-bagger, one of the leading conspirators and a mem- ber of the board of managers of impeachment, was made pri- vate secretary of Governor Day, at a salary of $750 per annum. Not a speck of cloud could be seen by them in the political hori- zon to disturb their peaceful ten month's sail in the great ship of state to the verdant fields of plunder, which they so eagerlyantici- pated would be fully ripe and ready for wholesale harvest in the nomination, counting in and inaugurastion of M. L. Stearns, the Bureau agent, as Governor. Governor Reed, in the meantime, unassum'ingly contended that the adjournment of the court after issue had been joined and the Senators sworn to try the Articles of Impeachment, and the adjournment, after his arraignment without his consent and against his protest, operated as an acquittal. The Governor, in order to have the matter amicably settled as to who was the legal Governor, proceeded to the executive office and had an interview with Governor Day,  182 CARPETBAG RULE IN FLORIDA. and requested hint to join ssith him, Reed, and ask the opinion of the Supreme Coast as to the legal effect of the adjooromet of the Senate without giving him a trial. Day, fearing that the court might decide that Reedtsas Governor, stubohrnelyrefused to even countenance Reed's requst, and laughed hint to scorn. judge Emmons, Resd's cosnel, thooght that he coold get the matter heore the coast hy a motion ; hot in this propo- nition Govornor Rteed shamed himself to he a hotter laser than his counsel, for Reed cootsnded that this could oot ho door wsithout notice, if at all, wchich Emmons finally achnowsledged wsea tre. The conspirators had called a State cooceotion to assemhle in the city of Jackscnville, whbich met shostly after the adjournment of the Legislaturs. The conv'entioo heing in ses- sian and Reed ot f the way, no one dared to mae the occasion by opposing anything the conspirators attempted to pot thsoogh. They elected a State Central Committee, wchich seas an fall accord wish the conspirators. Tbhe convention wsas considered asa grandhbanquet givenhy them in honor of the ocerthrow of Governor Reed, and Cossna and Johnsofigured asthe great heroes. Day had left the 'seat of government at Tallahassee and seas nose in attendance at the banquet, pactarbiog of its sweet felicities, and misth aod thanbsgiving filled the hall. AsuC. H. Pearce, the great leader of the feedmen of the State, and mare especially of Leon County, had fallen a victim toathe persecations of the conspiratorshbecause he had stood by the adminintration of Governor Reed, ws losing his grip upon the freedmenhby season of such pesncation; and thesconspira- torssdesiring acolored lader whu could bring thetfeedmenuto their sapport, the author of this seork, seho had heretofore been Pearce's leading lieutenant, seas coanseled hy Day so tabs his place. An Governor Reed seas supposed to he dead and buried, this proposition seas gladly accepted, and he seas mustered in at the banquet with all the honorssofonesehoahad hero brought up underethis greattleadereandhknew hoseto capture his most formidable political fortifications without injury to the causpira, tors, and was at once endorsed by tbebanquet as tbenext Republican candidate far Congress. This endorsement wsea never intended by the conspirators to be carried out in good faith, of sehich the author seas well aware at the time, bat only 182 CARPETBAG RULE to FtoOtIA. and requested him to join with him, Reed, and ask the opinion of the Supreme Coast as to the legal effect of the adjournment of the Senate without Siting him a trial. Day, fearing that the court might decide that Reed was Governor, stuhhornlyerefused tn even countenance Reed's request, and laaghed hin toe scorn. judge Rmmons, Reed'stcounsel, thought that be could get the matter before the coast by a section; hat in this propo- sition Governor Reed showed himself ta bs a hetter lawyer than hisconsel, for Reed contended that this coald not he done without notice, if at all, which Emmons finally acknowledged was true. The conspirators had called a Stats convention to assemble in the city of Jacksonville, which met shortly after the adjournment of the Legislature. Tbhe convention being in sea- sion and Reedaoutaof the way,oonedared tomarhe occasion by opposing anything the conspirators attempted to pat through. They elected a Stats Central Committee, which seas in full atoord with the conspiators. Tbe conventiun seas considered aagrand banquet givrn hy them in bonus of the ocrthrowe of Governor Reed, and Cess na and Johnsanufigured asthe great heroes. Day bad left the seat of guvern~ment at Tallahassee and was now in atterdancesatthe banquet, partaekingaof its sweet felicities, and mirth and thanksgiving filled the halt. AsnC. H. Pearcethe geat loader of the freedmen of the State, and mare especially of Lean County, had fallen a victim to the persecutions of the conspirators because he had stood by the administration af Governor Reed, wsea losing his grip upon the freedmen by reason of such pesecution; andthe conspira. torsndesiring acolored leader who could bring the feedmenato their support, the author of this wash, who had heretofore keen Feare's leading lieutenant, seas counseled by Day to take his place. As Governor Reed was supposed to be deadatnd buried, thin proposition was gladly accepted, and he was muttered in at the banquet with all the honors of one who had been hbroght up under this great leader andbknewbhowe toCapture his mast formnidable political fortifications without injury to the conspira. tors, andswas ataonce endorsd by the banquet as thenet Republican candidate fos Congress. Thin endornement wan never intended hy the conspirators to be carried oat in good faith, of which the author seas well aware at the lime, but only 182 CARETnAG RULE tNORIA nd requestsd dhim toujoin with him, Read, and ask the upinion nf the Supreme Coast as to lbs legal effect of the adjournment of the Senate without giving him a trial. Day, fearing that the court might decide that Reed was Governor, stubbornly refused to even countenance Reed's request, and laughed him to scorn. judge Rmmons, Reed's counsel, thought that he could get the matter hefoe the court by a motion ; but in this propo- sition Gcvernor Feed thawed himself to hr a better lawyer than hisconsel, foe Reed contended that this could not be done seithout notice, if at all, which Rmmons finally acknuwledged was true. The conspiratort had called a State convention to assemble in the city of Jacksonville, which met thortly after the adjournment of the Legislature. Tbhe conventicn being in ses- sioandReedout f teway,oone daedo mar the ccaion by opposing anything the contpirators attempted to pot through. They elected a Stats Central Committee, which was in fall accord with the conspirators. Tbe conventicon seas considered as agrand banquetsgivenby them inbhonor of the overthrow of Gaveror Reed, and Cessoa aod Johnson figared as the great heroes. Day had left the seat of govecnment at Tallahassee and was now in attendance at the banquet, passerbing of its sweet felicities, and mirth and thaoksgiving filled the ball. As C. H. Pearcethe geat leader of the reedmenof the State, and mare especially of Lean Coonty, had falleo a victim la the prsesutions of the conspirators becootse he had stood by the administration of Governor Reed, was losing his grip upon the freedmen by reason of such persecution; and the cnspira- tors desiringa clored leader who could briog therfreedmenuto their suppor, the author of this wash, who bad heretofore been Pearce's leading lieutenant, wan counseled by Day to tabs his place. As Governor Reed was supposed to be deaduandburied, this proposition was gladly accepted, aod he was musteed in at the banquet with all the honors of one who had hero brought up under this great leader andhknew howeto captue his most formidable political fortifications without injury to the conspira- tors, and was at once endorsed dby the banquet as the next Republican candidate tar Congress. This endorsement was ntever intended by the conspirators to be carried out in gond faith, of which the author wan well aseare at the time, but only  CARPETBAG RULE IN FLORIDA. 183 CARPETBAG RULE IN FLORIDA, 183 CARPETBAG RULE IN FLORIDA. 183 to hoodwnk hito and toake him more zealous in bringing the freedmen to their tupport. Governor Reed, taking advantage of the aboenre of Day frootthr tof goveroment, atowell ts the gathering of nealy all of the conspiratort 01 the banquet, qoietly proceeded from Jacksonville to Toloahatsee, held o cootoltation with hit trot ond tried serertary, Jonathan C. Gibbs, who stood osoawaillof firr ogoiost throtoooulto modr by tbe cospirtors oo the Goveroor, wbicb consultation restolted in the Gocernor issuing a proclama- tion feomo thr rxecutie office decloriog himself Chief Execoutie of rho Stote, ood comomooding the people to give obedience thereto. The Goveroor otso mode orvrrol impoetant appoint- mentsotmonfwhich mere GeneraltWilliamiery to berAttoe- nry-Geeo,oandF. t. Wheotoo to bejutdge of the Foorth judicial Circoit. Secretory Gibbs reognized Reed as the tegal Governor of Florida,andoaffixed the greaot seol of the State to this proclamation, ood to the appointments. Reed also addressed a letter to the judget of the Supreme Coort of the Stote requesting their opioioo os to the legal effeot of the adjournmentsofthe Senate without giing himoatriol,oand then retourned to Jacksonville owithoot the knowledfe of the conspira- toes. The banquet wOO io the height of its glory when the hond- writingfonthe wallwas disove'red byDay in the shape of Red's proclamation thot be hod risen from the deodand twas still Govrnsor of Florido. tDay, with tremors wchich he attempted to conceol, cried: "Treoson," chie hr sommoood Johnson, hit private secretory, to his side, apparently to fioe him com- fort. Johnson obeyed the soototws. ood althoogh hoggoed when he appeored, swore thot hr twoold go so Tollahostee ond bang Governor Reedoashighoas Haman. Cessnaomosteredoup a smilewhichooas borren of its osool fervor,oand cootended thot the people would poy o atetion to Reed's proclamation. Others soggested the coiling of an roteo session of the Legisia- tore to impeoch Secretory Gibbs foreoffixing the fens seol of the Stole to Governor Reed's act, while oil ogred that Day shoold coil opon the GeneraltGovenment for troops if Reed could not be got rid of otherwise. The ieading conspirators now pro- ceeded to Toaloahassee to assist Johnson in decopitating Governor Reed, who, having carredhis point, hod quietly returned tohis to hoodwinkhhimoand mohe him more neoloos io bringing the freedmen to their support. Goornoor Reed, taking advantoge of the absence of Day from therseatof govrment, asowell as thergathering of neriy oil of the conspirators ot the banquet, quietiy proceeded from Jacksonville to Toliohossee, heid o consoitation with his troe and tried secetaty, Jonathan C. Gibbs, who stood osoawallof fire afainst thr ossooltsomode by the conspirators on the Govrnor, whichoosoltotioo esoltedin the Governor issuingnapociamn- tion froom the execotive office declaring himself Chief Roecotive of the Stole, osd oommoodiog the people to give obedieoce thereto. The Govrnoor olso moder sevraol important oppoint- ments, omoog which were Geoerol Williom itirory to be Attor- oey-Geercl,ondF.l1. Whato to bejudge ofthe outh judicial Cicoit. Secretory Gibbs recognized Reed an the legoi Govercnhrof lorida,oandoaffixed the gretoselof theiStteto this procilomation, ood to tbe appointmentt. Reed aiso addressed a totter to the judges of the Sopreme Court of the Stte reqoesting their opioioo os to the iegol effect of the adjournment of thefiSnte without givingimoa tial,nand then etuorned to Jocksooviile withoot the kotledge of the conspira- toes. The bonqoers oio the heifht of its glory wbeo the hond- writing on theowolltwos discooered byDay in the shape of Reed's proclamation thot he hod risen from the deodooad woo still Govrnoor of Flotido. Day, with tremors which hr attempted to conceol, cried: "Treoson," while hr sommonrd Johnson, hit private secetsary, to his side, apparently to give him cm fort. Johnson obeyed the soottowos, ood although haggard when he gppeored, swore shot be swoold go so Tallahossee and hang Governor Reedoashighoas Homan. Cessno mostred op a smil,twhichwos boreno of its usool fervor,oondcontended thot the people twoold pop no attention so Reed's proclamation. Others suggested the coiling of on extra setssion of the Legisla- tore to imopeach Secretary Gibbs for affixing the geat seal of the Stole to Govrnoor Reed's nct, while oil agsrd thot Day thoold coil upon the Generol Govrnmoent for troops if Reed coold not he got rid of othertwisr. The lending conspiratort now pro- ceeded to Tolahossee to assist Johnson in decapitating Governor Reed, who, havingooarried his point, hod quietly returned to hit to hoodwinkbhiotond moke him more zealoos io btinging the freedmen to their support. Governor Reed, taking adcontage of she nbsence of Day from the seattof gocernmoeot, osmwell as thergathering of nearly nil of the conspiraos at the banqoet, qoiestly prooeeded frnm Jacksonville so Tollohasse, held a consoltotion with his troe ond tried scretrsy, Jonathan C. Gibbs, who stood as o wallof fire againt tIhe ossoolts mode by the conspirators on the Goverror, which consultatioo retolted in the Governor issuing a proclama. tion from the executie office drclaring himself Chief Rxecotive of the Stote, ood commooding the people to give obedience thereto. The Governor also moder sevrol important appoint- ments,oamong which were General'tWilliam Birsey to beAtto- oey-Geceel,and . 1. Wheoton to be jodge of the Fourth judicial Circoi. Seoretory Gibbs recognized Reed as the legal Governoreof Floridooandoaffixed the great sent of the State to this proclamation, ood to the appointments. Reed olso addressed a letter so she judges of the Supremr Coort of the St ate requesting their opinion os to the legal effect of the adjournmrnt of the Senote withoot giving him a trial, nd then returrned so Jocksooville without the knowledge of the conspira- toes. The banquet was in she height of its glory wheo the hand- writing on tbewoll wos discoveredhbyDoy in the shape of Reed's proclamation shot be hod risen from the deod, and was till Governor of Florido. Day, with tremors which he ostempted toconceal,oried: "Treasoo," while be sommoned Johnsson, his private secretory, so his side, apparently so give him com- fort. Johnson obeyed the summos and although haggard when be appeored, swore shoe he woold go to Tallahossee nd hang Goveroor Reed athighoas Haomao. Cessna mostred op a smile, which wos barren of its usual fervor,oandcontended that the people woold pa 00 attention to Reed's proclamation. Others soggested the calling of an rotera sess ion of the Legitla- tnre to impeach Secretary Gibbs foreaixoing the great sent of the State to Govrnor Rerd's act, while all agreed that Day should call upon the General Government for troops if Reed could not be got rid of otherwise. The leading conspirators now pen. ceeded to Tollahossee so assist Johnson in decapitating Governor Reed, who, havingcarried his poin, had quietly returned to his  184 CARPETBAG RULE IN FLORIDA. honmr at Jackonvitte. Wheno the conspirators reached Tallo- haooee they found nothing ta prevent their tokieg peaceahte per- testion ef the citadet ; hut the qaestion 0s to Rho was the legal Goveroor wOB squarely placed hetore the Sopemoe Coort. The intentionoftGovernor Reed Rat not to take forcible pos- tessionoofthe goernmoent, asthe conspiratosowerihopesthe had door, so that they meight inoke the aid af eke Generat Goc- rnment ie their behalf, hot to get potsession by proceot of taR. The appointent of Birory and Wheaton Rasointended to eeakr a contest at to oho ROB Goceetoor. Day had appointed judge Giltis of the tamer circait at judge, and Reed thought Giltit twould retort to the courts to establish his authority, that inolvt- ing the question at to the legality of Wheatonto oppaiotment ; hot the Gocernor misted hit aiR io this, 00 Giltit meadeoreit- a0cr, and Wheao had Ba troubte inexercising the daties of hit office. The ptan of ittoirg thit proctamation and emaking thete appointmentt, many thooght toot the Roth of judge EmRons, hot Bhe judge, at Retl as Secretary Gibhs, often declared to the anther aftertoardt that it Rat Reed's BRn incention. Reed's cOse noR pending hefore the Sapreme Coort, the contpirors, like the hoildert of the towrer of Bohel, woere coofuoed, and 00 two of themouold agreeras to thehbestceoretobe prsuedopreenot hitt froR recoaptoriog the citadel. They seemed to koR hefare- hand what the opinion of Associate justicrHartwould b, hot exopesoord themtelves at heiog afraid of Chief justice Randall and Atsociate jostice Wrorcott. Day insisted ocalintg a teson of the Legislatue for the double purpose of getting rid of Gibbs ood of re-improohiog Reed if the court should dirs- charge him. Day's proposition eventually prevcailed, and the, following proclamation Ras accordiogly itsed. WHEREAS, The itnterets of the people of this State reqaire the immediate asembling of the Legielatrce: NoR, THEREFORE, I, Sootoct.T. DAc, Lieutenant-Goveenor, atndh yirroe of taid office, Acting Governar of thehStateraf Flerida, do hrerhy isoue this mey peoclamoatioe, convening the Legislatare it Extraordinary Sessioo at Tallabattee, eke Capital, onoMonday, the 2ad day of April, A. D., t872, at twelvemei dian, at Rhich time, in pursance of eke requirements of the Consotitotieon, I Rilt communicate to hoth branches of the Legit- lature the parpose for which they hace hero conveord. 184 CARPETBAORULE INFLORIDA. home at Jacktonville. When the conspirators reacked Talla- hastee they foutd Rothing to preveot their tahing peaceahle pos- tettionoef the citadel ; hot the question 00 to Rho root the legal Goornoor Rat tqarely placed hefoe the Sopreme Court. The intentiaon oflGovernor Reed Rat oot to take forcible pot- tessioo of the governmeot, at the contpiratart mere ie hopeo he hod door, to that they meight inoke the aid of the General Go- enetoi their behalf, hoe to get possession by process of taR. The appointmeet offlirryoand Whatontwaintended totoahe a conet 001 towho was Gocernor. Day had appoioted judge Gillit of the tome circuit at judge, aod Reed thoaght Gillit ouold resort to the coorts ta estohlith hio aothority, that ocvolc- ing the questiott at to the legolity of Wheatoots appointment ; hot the Gacetoor toitted bit aim in thit, at Gillit made no resist- ance, oed Wheatot hod 00 troubleinexercising the dotiet of hit office. 'The plan at issoing thit proctamaotion and toakiog thete appointooeot, Rany thought toot the Rork of judge Rmmoeo, hat the judge, at Rell at Seotetory Gikbbs, often declored to the aothot afternards that it Rat Reed's oRB invention. Reed's caenoR peodiog before the Supreme Court, the conspirators, lihe the hoildert of the toer of Bahel, Rere coofutod, anod 00 to of them could agree at to tbheetcorseoto bc portoed to preet hito from recaptoring the citadel. They teemed to boR before- hand mhat the opinion of Asocoiate justice Hart wrould he, hat eopretted rhrmorlrrj or heiog afraid of Chief jostice Raedall nd Asociate juttice Wrttcott. Day insisted onocalling a tesston of the Legitlatoe for the doable porpose of getting rid of Gihbtsadofre-impeahiog Reed if the court should dis- chorge him. Dayts propotition eventually prevailed, and the, follawing proclamation was occoredingly orsued. WHEREASo, The ioterests of the people of this State reqoire the immediate assemhling of the Legislatore: NOR, THEEREoo,1, SAMEEL T. DAY, LieoteeanL-Goceroor, and,hbyirtue oftsaid office,Acting Govrnorof thehState of Florida, do hreby issae thio omy proclamoation, convening the Legitlature in Rxtraordinary Setsioo at Tallahassee, the Copital, on Moday, thea22ddayofApil, A. D., t872, at twlvemei dion, ot Rwhich time, 10 pursuance of the requirementsoof the Conttitation, I will communicate to hoth hranchet of the Legit- lature the purpote for mbich they boor hero coocroed. x84 CARP'ETBAG RULE IN FLORIDA. home at Jacktonville. When the conspirators reached Talla- haoter they found nothiog to prevrot their taking peaceahle pot- testion of the citadel ; hot the quettion at to Rho Ras the legal Gocereor rwot tquorrly ploced before the Supreme Coort. The intentionof oGovrnor Reed tasoot tro take forcible pos- testiaon of the govrnment, at the coospirotort Rere 0n hopet hr had door, to that they might invoke the aid of the General Goe- ernmeot in their behalf, bar to get pottession by prooeot of law'. The appointment of Pitney ood XWheatoo toas inteeded to moke a contest at to wbo Rat Gooroor. Day bad appointed judge Gillit of the tame circuit as jodge, aod Reed thought Gillit would retort to the courts to etahlish hit autheotity, thus involv- log the qoettioe at to the legality of Wheotoots appoietmettt; hot the Coveroor missed hit aim in this, at Gillis mode 00 resist- ance, and Wheoton hod 00 trouble io eoercisinggthe dutiet of hit office. The plao of ittoieg thit proclamation and making there appointment, many thought Rat the Roth of judge Rtmmons, hot the judge, 00 Rell at Secretory Gibbt, often declated to the author afterwardo that it toot Reed's oRB invention. Reed's caenon pending before the Sopreme Court, the conopiratort, like the huildert of the tower of Bahel, toerr confoaed, aed no to of them could ogreerat to therbest courtrto be pottoedto precent hho from recaptoriog the citadel. They teented to hom hefore- hand tohat the opinion of Asociate Jostice Hort Rould he, bat eopressed themselveroas heing afraid of Chief justice Randll and Attociatr jostice Wroroott. Day insrited on calling a teotion of the Legislatore for the douhle purpoe of getting rid of Gibbo and ofre-impaching Reed if the cort soolddis- charge him. Day'o propotition evrentually prevailed, aed the following proclamotion Ras accotdingly itooed. WHEREAS, The loterets of the people of thir State ceqoire the immrdiate atoembling of the Legislature: NOR, TREFORE, 1, SAoUEL T. DAY, Lieutenat-G overnor, ond,hbyvirtueoofaid offic, Atigoveor of the State of Florida, do hereby issue Ohio my proclamation, conveningthe Legislatoe in Extraordioory Sessioo or Tallahaotee, the Capitol, on Monday, thea2d day of April,A. D., 1872,attwelve meri- diant, at tohich rime, io pursuance of the reqoiremento of the Contitotion, I mill oommunicate to both hranches of the Legit- latore rho purpose far mhich they habo keocond.  CARRPETRAG RULE IN FLORIDA. 185 Inotetimonytweeof, I hove hereuontotset my hand, ond in lieuoofoaffiingthegeocseallefhe Stae, herehy peocloitoothot the totot hot been secreted ortoln Gone ot the Copit, iR Toloahostee, Floeido, chit evn teenth dayof Apeiliothe yeoe of oorLord ooe thouoandeight hoedeed ond tev-eety-tw-o, andl of the Independence of the UeitedStotesofAeicthe iety-ixtoh. SAMUEL T. DotY, Actiog Getecoeto The Legislotoee oeet oR the doy detigeoted io Doy's preclo- mtonwith onlytoooembces of the Senoteoandeteoeets of the Attsehbly. Both hooseo odjooroed feooe doy to doy uotil aqorumt wot hod. On the chied cloy the Secnoce hod o quorume, ood 00 the foorthddydteewooo quoruom in the Atsetobly. Both hooses 000 notified Aoting Govetor Doy of theie oegon- iootioo ond teir reodinests to reeiej anty communication he might he pleoted to mcohe. Inresponse Day sent o otesooge from wthich we etrtoot to mtuch ot etestotheontsedootse, 00 folloot: Gentlemen of the Setoe ond of thte Assemtbly: I regeet the oecasion ohich hot cotopelled ote to ottenmble the Legiolotutee ot this steaon of the yeor, ohich it to omportant to mny of you, oho ore engoged in ogeio-oltorol laoos. The pohlie ne-esoity foe cetoin legitlotite ootionc hot oppeoedtonmetohbeoso ioyeeoite,oond nmy on earesteset of the reoponsihilit- tohieh devoltvet opoo the Roto-otie onder the peculiaro-circumtances- thot hoot reocentie aristn, ar ont oidecotioto cohich hote ccused tot to feel juottied io tolling you togoeteaomeacriice of youroerseonl inteets. (On the toth doy of Feheoory loot, ot the regolorosessioo of the Legidoatore, cetaon proceedings to-ere hod hy hoth htooeheo thereof, n-hit-h ioo1-tthed HartisoR Reed, Got-etor of the Stte, of highocinesoond moitdteeoro i otffice,oand in acor-odotce cwith the cottutionol ttcoirenoemt, Goteernor Reed toat sus- peoded fromt his officiol dotiet, peodiog the hootl determoieotion ofdtheooenteoohehgesogoinstchimo,oandoasLieeont- Go-eroro of the Scote the dotiet of the Roecotvedeo-olved opon OodthotdoylI occuopied the Eoeo-cive office,oand otoomed the oothoeity ood fooctionso of Chief Mogiotrte of the Stote, CARPFF0000 RULERIN FLORIDA. 185 Iiceeoo'eonyodheeoflIhave heteunto setmy handond in lieo of offioing the greaot teol of the Stote, herehy ptoloimt that the tome hot heeo seceted orctln Dooe ot the Copitol, in Tollohossee, Florido, chit seven- teenth dayof Aprilinthe yeareof ourLord onethoooond eight homdredoandevetcy-two,oondof the Inodependeoce of the UoiteddStotesofAmeicaotheiety-sioth. SAMUEL T. DAY, Acincg Govternet. 'The Legislture omet on the doy designoced in Doyts proclo- omotion,cwith oolytoooembhersoof tt Seooteoondoteomemhers of the Acoombly, Both hoosts odjooroed fromt doy to doy ontil a quotoo wot hood. GOthetird doy cthe Stoote hod o qorum, ond 00 the foorth doy ythere twot o qorom itt the Asseothly. Both hooses 000 nooified Ao-ting Goveroro Doy of their orgon- iooaton oand theft reaeodtso to recie ony ceommooicotioo he mightbeyleosed tomohe. InoesponoeeDoytseotoamessage fromewhichowe etotomoch osorelotesttotheontetedeoase, as folioows: Cento,neneofte Setecd of eAotefily. Ieregret theeoccosioneohich hs complled tee to ostenohle the Legiolotoret 0clis seaon of the yeor, wcoh it to imotatt to moaoy of yoo, wohooareengoged io ogricuoltorol laoos. The pcohlicoto-essity foe certoin legitlotive ootioe hot oppeoredtoootetocetso imperoti-,otndooy 000 totoettenoe of the resooeibility wohich dtvolv-es uoo the Rotcotivt ooder the peculhor circoomotoonces that hoot reetdy arisen, are coR- siderotioooowhic-hhoo-eocoosed mtto feel jotifed ieoaoliog yoo togtdertat sooetsocrificetof yoootyetonal itrss (On the coch doy of Fehroory loot, ot the regoloroeson of the Legilotucre, cettoio proceedings wtere hod by hoth hroothes theeof, nhio-h ompcy-hed Horriton Reed, Govttoor of the Sctte, ef highocrioeooond m~isdtemeaors ht office, and ho oaccordance with ohe conootitotioool reqoirtots, Govtroor Reed wast too- peoded froto hit offioil dotito, yeodiog the fooal determinaotion of theSente uponthe chagesgit him,oond 00 Lietotont- Govotro of the Sctte te docito of the Exotivdoedevoloed uon OndhtdoylI occopied the Rxeo-otiveoffice,oond ossomed the oothority otnd fooctionto of Chief Mogistrote of the Sctte, CARPETBAG RULE IN FLORIDA. 185 InoteotimonymdheeoflIhove heteontocsec my hondo nd in lieoofoaffixiog the geaoteol of the Stote, heebypoloio thoc the sonme hoc beeo tecreted o tln Dooe 00 the Copicol, it Tollohootee, Floeido, chit otoen- teetoh dayof Aprilithe yearof ourLod ooecthoutsoodeight huntdredoandeenty-towo,oondof the Indepedene of the Unitedhtateof Aeicathetiety-ith. SAMcUEL T. Doo, Acting Gooco-noec The Legidoatore Oton toe doy deoigooted to Doy's proclo- mtonwith olytoocembers of doe Senooeoondteo members of the Asstemboly. Both hoouset odjoourned fcoot doy to doy ootil aOqorum 000 hod. Oodchthird doy doe Stnote hod o qorum, ond oo the fooroh doy ythtrt wo-ot o qorum io the Assoembly. Both hoosesooo ootifoedActiog Goc-etor toyof theirogan- izati0n ood theie reodhness to receive ony, comoonicotiono he mightbe pleooed toomohe. IoresoosteDoyosetaooesosage fromocwhich Re etrttctomoch osorelotes ooheooestedcose, as folloos: Gentlemto of toht fenote aod o cthe Assembly :. t egec the oo-o-oionc ohio-b hot omopelled ome tonootnoble the Legitlotore 00 thio seoton of the yeot, wohio-h it so imtportoant toootty of yoo, oho ore eogoged inogi-oltorl lor. The pucf ot-tcsity foe o-ertoio legislotive oo-tioo hot oypeoredtoometooheoso impyerative,and my own tettneottseose of the resonsttibility ohio-h deolves opoo the RExeoutioe oeder the yecohiaro-ircoomstn-es thot hoo-erecenodyoarisen, ott o-- siderotiont ohio-h hoot coosed me to feel jootifted in o-olling yoo togedterotome ttocrifo-e of yoor peronaol inotereoto. Ont the toth doy of Febtooty lot, at the regolorttetion of the Legittotote, o-ertaoin proceedingo were hod by both hboonches theeof, ohi-h hoypcched Horriont Reed, Governoreof the State, of higho-rimeooaed misdemtottors to office, ood ho ao-odaoce wteh the c-otitutionltreqoiretoct,fGo-eroor Rood not tot- pended fromo hit officil dociet, yeodintg doe Stool determiootion of theenaoteote chgesoginthhim,oand 00 Lietotont- Govecor of the dtote the dotieo of the Roecodo-e devoloed opon OnothotodoyI occopiedl the Roecotive officeo nd ottsomed the outhority ond fooctioto of ChbiefMagitrteofthebStte,  x86 CARPETBAG RULEIN FORIDA. not, howeser, wtithout the etmborrassttent of fittding the Gov- ernor's office stripped of oil officiolieeords, popers, ood docu- ments properly belonging thereto, ohich had bee sR ecretly removedby GoveroreReed himself, ertbyhis dietion. The constituonoo provition declariog the effect ofonr imopeochmoeotiorelotion to the rights of the persoo occosed, is in the foilowiog eopretsed termos: "An offier when itopeoched lty the Asemsbly thoul he deemed onder arrest, ood thoul he disqoaliied from perfoemittg ony of the dotiet of hit office ontil ocqoitted hy the Seoote. Butoonyofficeresoimpeachedoandio arreot moy demood hit trial hy the heoote mithin one yeoe feom the dote of hio impeaeh- mneot" (Art. t6, Sec. 9.) The Senate oot hoviog concluded the ttioi of Goveeore Reed, hot hoeing, ont the cotteoy, continued the proceedings in the exercise of its judicial disctetioe, ood hacing aopteda eonurentreol tionep eeof the intentionond porpose of hoth the protecuting beooch of the Legitiotore ood of the heo- ote itoelf foe a continuance, still holds io custody the peeson of the occuseodunde itsownowoeroot,oondtohject toitowrue ood oedero. Sochhbeiog the cose, ond Govetror Reed hacing vcated the Execotive office and removed hit residence from the Capitol to Jacksonville, did, on the 8th inst., by oonoawful conspiracy with Jonathan C. Gibbs, Secretary of Stote, and ino my tempo- raryohbsence, clandestinely enterethe Eectie office,ooduoloo- fullyoattempted to takepossesion theeof, and ittoedotes-coiled proclamation decloting himself still to he io the exercise of the Chief Eoecotice doties of the hetote; the soid Jonathan C. Gihhs coofedetotiog oith him io this high-hended conspitocy, ood offio- ing the Geot Seol of the Stote to the to-coiled peocloomotion, attesting the oome as Secretaey ef Stote. IR fourtheeooce of this conspiracy toseize the htote goetn- ment, GoverorReed eoecoted certoio so-colledoppointoets to office ; one to Willioam Bieoey, to he Attorney-Geeral, and ooothee to F. I. Wheoton, to he jodge of the Fooeth judicial Ciecoit; in mhich peoceedings the hecretary of Stote co-operted and inoale espects ecogized thettthoity of Goernor Reed. Inoteadof seeighbylegalood poperomethods,and in occoedooce mith the Coostitotioo and Loawo of the Stote, to eaR- sotoethe doties ofthe Eectie,Goeror Reedoandece- taey Gibbs, by o seceet ood Otfully-piotned conspiracy, soized the Greot Seol of the Stote, togethee with impoetont eecords and papters, being poblic peopeety, ood hastily removed tite tome to Jacksonville. On beinginfoemed of thesetotwless ond revolutionaey peo- ceedings, I repaired to the Executive office, and issuedtmy proc- 186 CARPETBAO ROLE to FLORtDA. not, however, o'ithoot the embaeeassment of finding the Goe- eenoe's office steipped of oil officiolerecords, papees, ond doco- ments propeely belonging theeto, ohich hod beeo seceetly eemovedhby Goertoe Reed himself, oe by his diectioo. The cosstitutionol peovision decloriog the effect of oo impeochment in eelation to the eights of the persoo occosed, is in the following expeessed terms: "Ao officee wheo impeoched by the Assembly sholl he deemed ooder aeeest, and sholl he disqualified feomo peefeeming any of the doties of hit office uotil acqoitted by tite Senate, Butoanyofficeresoimpeachedandin orreettmoy deomood his teiot by the heoote within one yeor froom the dote of his impeach- ment." (Aet. t6, Sec. 9.) The Seoote not hacing coocloded the teial of Goeernoe Reed, hot having, oo the cootrory, cootinued the peoceediogt ithe exercise of its judicial discetioo, ood having adoteda ooncurenetetolotion expeessive o the ioteotioooondpoepose of both the peosecoting brooch of the Legislotoee ood of the Seo- ate itself foe a continuance, still htolds io custody the pet-too of the occusedoundee itotnwaeeant,and sject to itstownotoles and oedees. Suohhbeing theeoase,oond Goveror Reed hacing vccted the Execotiee office ood eemoced his resideoce fr-om the Capital to Jacksonville, did, on the 8th inst., by unlawful conspiracy swith Jonathan C. Gibbs, Secretaey of State, aod lee my teompo- raryoabsence, clandestinelyoeerthe Exectieoffice, andtunoaw- folly ottempted to tohe posstessioo thereof, ood issoed a so-colled peoclaomotion declating himself still to be in the exeecise of the Chief Eoecotive doties of the Stote; the told Jonathan C. Gibbs confedeeating with him in this high-hooded conspiency, ood affio- ing else feot Seel of the htote to the to-coiled peoclomatioo, ottestong the same as hecretory of htote. to foethet-ance of this conspiracy to seize the State goveen- mentGoerno- Reed executed ceetainoso-clledoppoitmets to office; ooe to Williom Bieney, so he Attoeney-Geneeal, ood another so F. I. Wheaon, to he judge of the Foueth judicial Circoit; 110 which proceedings the hecretaey of Stote co-opeeated and inallepects eogoizedtheoothoity ofGoeror Reed. Iostead of seeking by legal and propee methods, and in accoedooce with the Constitution ood Loot of the htate, to reas- sotoethe doties of the Executive, Governor Reedoondhecre- tary Gibbs, by aosecret and aeefeely-pianoed conspiracy, seined the Geeas heal of the State. togethee wcith impoetant records and papees, beiog pohlic property, ood hastily eemooed the some to Jacksonveille. Onbeiog iofoemed of theselales ood reevolotionoey peo- ceedings, I repair-ed tothe Executive office, and issed my po- 186 CARPETBAG RULE IN FLORIDA. not, howevee, wsithout the emhareassmeot of fondiog the Gov- et-noe'SOffice steipped of oil officiolteecoeds, papers, ood doco- ments propeely beloneging thereto, ohich hod beeo seceetly removedbyGoerore Reed himself, oeby his dietione. The constituetionol peovision declariog the effect of OR impeachment inelation toethe eights of the person occosed, is iR the folloing expressed terms: "An officee wshen impeached by the Atsembhly tholl he deemed under areest, ood sholl he disqoolihied feom perfoeming any of the duties of his office ootil ocqoitted by the heoote. But anyofficer so impeachedand in arrest may demand his teial by the heoote within one yeoe from the dote of his imopeoch- The hetnate Rot booing cotncloded the trial of Goveror Reed, bees basing, 00 the conteary, cootiooed the proceedings itotheexeecise of itsjdicialtdiscetion,and havingoadoptedoa cnurnreouinexpressive ottheitentioooand purpose of both the peosecotiog brooch of the Legislatoee ood of te Seo- ate itself foe a contiooonce, still heolds 10 custody the yet-son of the occosedounderitsownt-oeroot, andosubject to itsowrue ond ordees. hochhbeingthe cose,oand Goveror Reed hacitng vcaoed the Execotive office and removed his residence from the Capitol so Jacksonille, did, on the Shb lnst., by unlawful conspiracy swith Jooathan C. Gihbs, hecretary of htate, atnd itt myteompo- roeyoabsence, clandestinely enterethe Exective office,oondoolaw- folly attempted to lobe possessioo thoreof, ood isooed o so-coiled peoclamation decloring himself still to he i0 theeseecite of the Chief Esecotive doties of the htote; the sold Jonathan C. Gibbs confederating oith him in this high-hooded conspiracy, ond affio- ing the Geeat heal of the Stote to the so-called peoclamoatioo, attesting the same asSecetearyofhtae. to foetheronce of this conspieacy to seize the htoto govern- meot,Goerore Reed executed ceetain so-calledoppoitmens to office; ooe to William Biroep, to he Attoeoey-Generl, and another to F. 1. Wheaton, to he judge of the Fooeth judicial Ciecoit; i0 wthich peoceedings the Seceetaey 0f State co-operated and in all eespectsecognizedetheauthority of Governoe Reed. tInstead of seeking by legal and peopee methods, and in ocoedance with the Constitotion and Lawcs of the State, to reas- sumoethe duties of the Executive,Goveroe Reedoandheee tary Gibbs, hy a seceet and aetfelly-planned conspieacy, seized the Great heal of the State, together woith impoetant eecoeds ood papers, being public peopeety, and hastily eemoved the tome to Jacksonville. On being infoemed of these lomless and revolotionaey p00. ceedings, Itrepairedto theEecuie office, and issued my peoc-  CREBGRULE IN FLORIDA. 1S7 tatteotiete, declaeieg the conduot of the cospteatoes "as attemtoped useepation," and "evolotionary is its tendencies," ted comanding obedience to the lafully costitoted authori- ties of the State. Is this aetioe t have bees altmost unieresally suseained by the people, and base been offered every possible aidferom all sec- tios of tbe Stote is preserving te peace, eedee, aed digoity of the goerneonet, and feethe peoteotionand sapporttofstyecg- nized Executiveathoity. b aoe tbus beiefly laid hefoee yea tbe facts attending tbit mtostateaoiooseattemoptbyfGoeor Reed to seieepowees of the gooeernmeet, osndee color of a self-asserted eigbt and is defi- tanco of the judicial peoceedings of a high constitotional foeoum, by ewbiob ho coat depeioed of alt atooity wteer. It is tree thttisoctionaaspodood insoe sectonof tbe Stato cos- fuoiooond distrus, andbhasmde teeoercbe of official ato- ity onothepaet at soeo State and oeeaty ofices a mtter of divided opinion, tand affored a plausibto pretext foe a caos of peoitalomalcontentsato obtuotoad embarrass the odatista- ties of tbe loaws. Bat esbatevee soy be the diffoeeces of opinion respeoting the opgal effocto of tbe adjoortmeat of the Legislature wthout the trialaof tbe acused bythebSenate, tbee coo he so olcirct- etacesobhicb jastify at palliate a reort to foece at to unlawful conspiracy onotepatof anyState offie orepeetenddoffioiat, is bold defiance of the determtioation of a judiciat teibunot. Whether tbat decisioo be rigbt at wong, lawsful at unlawful, it it sot twithin tbe spbheoe of the eecegnized legal eighto, see wth- int the peopee exercise of the power to tiadicate pesonal liboey, ontepateoftanycitizen,behebhighorelo, richorepeooe,to qetoneroseeeide, the volidity oe legal effect of toy judicial peoceediog, by attemtpting to subtoert the loot, to defy the peace andgood ordereofebtheSttateadto initeeebellionad aacy is the goereenoct. Whateer stay he the opinion of the supeme judicial aothority at the State upon the quetion of tho legal oete of the peoceedings that foe held by tbe Seote is the suspention feaom office ofGoeese Reed, I doaaotohmitdirespetoful, during the peedootyaof the considerationtof each opinonto call your at- tention to the paaon necessity at all timste of reeoegntztng ted ohiding by the do facto Ettecutive tuthoeity of the State. No depaertentof thego-eretisoe essential foe the pee- servaiooof thepeoceand odee ofeheommststoiy. Itespoers and agescytere disteihuted ovee the State is laegee peopoetion thtanthoe of any otheebeanch of the governest, ted te heroght moeedireetly intcontactttwith the people. tt is the immoediateerepeenetative of the sov-ereign wtilt otf the peopie, tePEBA RU E LORtDA. 187 lastatios, declaeiog the conduct tf the conspiratoes "as ttesmpted ueurpation," tand "evolutionary int its tendencies," ted comstmanding obedienceeto the latwfullycoostituted tuthoti- ties of the State. Inothisaction I have benalmsttiereallyesuatained by the people, ted have beee offered esverypossible aid feoot aSl soc- tios of the State an preereing the peace, order, aed dignity of the goereesnt, andforethe peotectiontandsuppoet ofsmyecog- sited Rsecutioe authoeity. Ihate that brefly laid hofore yea she factt attending this msteatrocouaaettemtby Geror Reed toseiethe patoers of the gooernenet,eundereolorof a self assertederightoand ondeSi- ance of the judicial peoceedinseof a high cooeditationalfoerst, by wthich hoe ttat deprived of all authotity wthaevser. tt istru that this action hat peedaced is stme sections of the State coo- fusionsasddistrust,and hasmadete eecise of officiaauthoe- ity ontehepat at soe State tand coasty officers a mtstee of div-ided opinion, tand afforded a plausible preteat for a cltee of politicalsmalonstentsto attstruttand embharrass the odmstte- tionsof thelas. Bat tohateter stay ho the differences of opinioe especting the legal effects of the adjourntment of the Legislatuee withot the trialaf the accusedby theoSenat,here canbesnoircst- stances which justify at palliate toresort to force oe to unlawful conspiracy ontheopartofay Satoffcer oe pretended official, is hold defiance of the detemination of a judicial teibunal. Whether that decision he eight or etong, lawful or unlawtful, it isotswtini espheeofthe eeogoittdlgl eights, norwth- la the peopee exercise of the powter to oindicate petsonalliberty, onothe paetofoanycitien,hbe hie high at lost, rich orepoor,to question or oeeeide, the oalidity or legal effect of toy judiciat peoceeding, by totestpting to subhoert the lotwe, to defy the peace andgood ordereoftheoSae, ando initeeeioa d ooaarchy is the governeot. Whatever stay he the opiates of the supremse juediciat tauthotity of the State eyes the quoestilea of the legal oflect of the peoceediogs thee foe bold by the Senate an the suspensian fast office ofGoeenoe Reed, t dottotedeetsit disrespectful, during the peolasty of thecosidertiaonof suoit pittion, to calltyoue at- teosim othe pareouteesity atalties ofeogiing ted obiding by tho do facto Raecutioe tauthoeity 0f the State. No departetofethe goeretisore essential foe the pee- servaioofthe peaceanddardereoftheo mnitaoy. ttspoters tnd agencytere disteihatedaover the State is largereproportion thansthose offany otheeheranch of the goteertment, ted te brought store directly is contact sth the people. It it the immediate eepreentatie of th e esereign still of the people, CAEoTBAG RULE IN FLORIDA. 187 latootios, declaeing the cooduot of the conspirtors "as attestpted usurpation," ted "eevolutionaryin hos tendencies,a ted comststnding obedienceeto the lattfolly constituted authori- ties tf the State. tnothisaction t hate beenaalmostounhesallysustaioed by the people, and haeeeoffeed eoeeypossibleoaidfomtallsec- tios of the State an peseroing the peace, oedee, tand dignity of the goerneot, tand forethe protectionsand support of sty eog- sited Executie authority. Ihaoe thos hrefly laid bofoe you the facts attending this stost atrociousoattemptby Goernoe Reed toseiedtheyowers of the gooenetotinderecolorofa self-assered rightoand ondeSi- taceof the judicialtpeooeedings of a highonositutional latest, bytwhichheacsdeprioed of all authorityobhateoee. Ithstrue that this action hoe peoduced is tstme seotions of the State coo- fuonanddisteust,and hsadeheseerciefelofiil auho- ity ontheopart ofsso State tand county officesastmatee of ditidod Opieion, tand affoeded a plausihle pretext foe a closs of politmalcontents to ohstract and embhaerass the tdstiastra- ties tf the tas. Bat whteer stay he the diffeenoes of opinion tespetiog the legal effects of tho adjoatrstent of the Legidlattee wtithout the trialof theacusedby theeate, there cah e ocicust- tances which justify ot palliateatesort to force or to ulwu conspiracy 00 the paet of any State officer at pretended official, it hold defiance of the detemination af a juditial teibuttal. Whethee that decision he eight aoetwong, lastud or unlawoful, it is not wtithin the sphere of the recognized legal tighte, see sth- is the peoper oexercise of the pot-to to vindicate personal liberty, onotespartof anychtizene liehighorelowt,ich orpoor, to question or oveetide, the talidity sor legal effeot of toy judicial peoceeding, by attestpting to aubvot thc lotwe, to defy the peace and goodaerderoofthehotate, andtonieeellion tandanteehy is the gtoenment. Whateer stay ho the opitdon of the Sapese judicial authority of the State apes the question of the legal eflect of the peoceedings thesar oeld by the Senate is the easpension feast office of~oeo Rood, t doootdestit disepectful, during the peoetsey of thecoosidetisfono uh opitioto call youe at- tention oeparaountecesity atalliesfeogiig ted abiding by the de facto Rxecutioe authoeity of the State. No department of tho goerntost it mte tessential foe the pee- seereatiosfthe peaeeandoedoeof tecommunoiy. Itaposters ted agency tee distributed over the State in lareo peopoetion thanothose offany other hranch of the gaoernment, tand te hetought state diretlyin cotatstith the peopte. tt is the immssediateerepresentative of the soeeign still of the people,  188 CARPETBAG RULE IN FOIA andauponits vigorous and discreet actioe theceourts and all jadi- teal authoritytrely for the aishmate vndicateRn osf jettie and thUeeurityof goad governnment. In this viewe nf nmyaown daty, I bald the candact af Goernor Reed and all his ahettees ases-lasianary andcimninal, and in so nmanner jussifying the coantenanceeorsaptof any laws-ahiding citizen, nttdhav-ing been declaredhby a teibanal at ceampetest jaisdictien satisled In reuehis Esecativ-efanctiaas. Is is therefare thatsI feel haand by nty aath, and bynsysease at pablic daty, se camel ahedience tansy aathority, andsaa seeey perin mtevestedhbylaseta suppsess all attemspts te sabvert it. IJcallyourtattentietttoteseexstraordinary facts, aed sag- get such legislatien as its teat twisdoms ste circumstsatnces nay teemnte equtte. On the 29th day at April the Senate and Asemenbly adjonened and peaceeded to she Supremee Cast roomto heat the opinion delisvered as tenb wosa the legal Goetnet. The ec- spieatees nest in high spisits, as Host had privattlyleneenmed thems that things nere all eight, aad theat the cortnweuld sus- tain Day. AJ.Peelerad oeP.Rany apeared for Day, and jedge Emmnens fee Goerner Reed. Tbe aegunments bad been naeed seeal days befere. While she coat felly agreed that Gerner Reednwassentidledstoatial, yet aajity of she coast, Asseciatg justices W'esscats aed Hat, decided tbat the Suptemne Ceurt had ne jurisdictien se decide as toenhether the adjeurnmtent ef she Senate te an inspossible day did er did net eperase as an acquitsal. The court feethes decided that Goernor Reed being suspended, couldeeotaskhtheepiiona& theecourt asstoanytmaater. Ye k eednwas suffiieedlyGoverner toegetsdsecourtstegsethen biscase foeethe yurposeeof beating arguenttseof ceunsel ferand against hisquestios prepoesded so tbe cent as Goeener. Chief jusstice Raedall dissented, and deliered.- an epieion, wohich nill he feued elseohee in this nerh. thee s4 ylerida Reperts, y. 3e8). The conspirators nets bad gotten oec she tease wehich Goeesor Reed had first given then, hefore the canes, and theought themnselves nmasters of she situaeion, and in she Hoetshe felleswieg sesolutden wsca adopted: Reachved, hy she Asseesbly, she Senate concesring, That this Legislatue de adjosrn en Friday, Mlay %dA at 12 M., entil 188 CARETBAG RULEINFODA and npontseigereus and discreetacien tbe ceasts and all jadi- cial authoritysrely fer she ultimte nindicatien of justice and she scuity- af gead goerment. In this attn ef nmyeon dusy, I held she conduct af Goersor Reed and all his abettors asrevolutionaey aad cimeinal, and in 00 mnanner justifying the countenanceaorsupporesof any law-ahidineg citisen, anti/ hasviag been declared hy a trdbunal at comspeteatsjueisdicdeon entitd so resuehis Execaiv-efuntioas. Is is therefoeeh thIfelthound by nsyeath, end by asysense af public duty, to comepel obedience tonmy authority, and toeevertystPoerein see v-estedhbylawto sappress all attpts to subsecti. Icallcaeeasstenstionst these esseaatdieaty facts, and sag- gestsech legislation as its yeas wsidom the circustancestaay On she 29th day of April the besae and Assemebly adjourned and ptoceeded so tbe Suprenee Coeast teens so heartshe epinion delivesed as so wehoas tshe legal Gacernor. The eon- spiratoes n-ere in high spirtsa, as Hat had peis-atelyinformed then that things were all sight, and that the cones aosld see- tain Day. A. J. Peelrtand Geargeh. Raney appeaed fee Day, and judge Emnsn foe Goernor Reed. The asguneents bad heen neede sectsrat days before. While she court folly ageed that Governort Reed was eaddted so a trial, yes a majjority of the court, Associate. justices Westcass and Hat, decided that she Supene Cent had no juOtis diction so decide as so whether the adjournasent of she Senate so an imepossihle day did at did not apesate as an acquittal. The coat feethes decided that Catvernor Reedhbeing ssaended, coudd net ash theeopinion a the coast as taanyneatter. Yet ReedswassufficiendlyGoernor sa get she canes tagether an bit cast fee she pusyose of heariag arguets af counsel forand egainst his qeessiess propounded so de coat as Govcernor. Chief jastice Raadall dissented, and delicered. a n opinion, which nilt be found elate-hose ino this n-ash, Thee s4 Florida Repasts, y). 3og). Tfheconspteatorsenw had gotten aces the tease wehich Governeor Reed had herst gien sheet hefoss she coat, and shoaght thdemselces osassess af she sitaation, and an she Hause she fattening resolutos n-as adapted: Reetlved, by she Assemebly, she Senate concurring, That this Legislature do adjourn en Friday, Mlay Ad at sass.,uni 188 CAsRPETBAG RULE IN FLORIDA. andsuponissigoroussand disceetactdnheaours andeal judi- cial authoritytrely for the ulsinease sindicatonof jettie and the security of good goenmten. In this cites of neynwn daty, I bold she conduct of Goernor Rted and all his ahessoes as res-olutionary and crimsinal, and is so neanner justifying she cone anersupporteof anylawe-abiding cidiesn, ntdthaving been declaredhby astibualof comapaettjursedictionsentdtedseo resumeehis Executivefuncdions. Itisthereforeethat Ifeelhbouad by neyoath, and by esense at pahic dasy, so cosmpel obedience tonmy authority, and t se ever-,poywerein see cesedby law to suppress all attemps toesuetit. Iecallcyourattentionatothese extaordinary facts,eand sag- getsuch legisltaioss as its teat ,ctsdos sthe circaumstasces neat sceem to require. On the 29th day at April tes besae and Assenebly adjourned and proceeded so the Supremse Coatr tot heartshe opinion delivesed as to echo wastshe legal Goernor. The eon- spirators nest in high spisits, as Hat had pricaselyinfosnmed thenethattingsnwere all rigbt,nand that she courtswould tus- tatn Day. A. J. PeelertandfleorgeP. Raney appeared for Day, and judge Emmons fat Governor Reed. The asguneents bad haten esade seceral days before. hbile she Cases folly egeed that Goernor Reed weat entited so a stal, yet a msajority nf tbs canes, Asseetatg: justices WVesteast and Hat, decided that she Supsenee Canes had no jurasdicsion so decide as so whether sthe adjounmsens of she Senate so an impyoasible day did at did Rat operae as an acquittal. The cent fusrter decided that Gosernor Reedhbeingsspended, coudd net ash she opinionsof thenourtasstoanynmatter. YetReed ssfficietly Gernor In get te enet together en his ease fee she puspose of heating arguentnsof counselforeasd aginstbisqesieonsprpounded so she coat as Govetno. Chief jessica Randall dissessed, and delicered. a n opinion, wshich nill be found elseohasa its this wash. thee 14 Florida Reports, P. 308). The conspisatosno bad gotten aces tha scare wthich Governor Reed had fleet given then hefore she coat, and shoaght themeselces- masteo of she nisuadion, and in the House the fattening resolusion seas adopted: ,Reao/so, by she Assemsbly, she Senate concurring, That this Legislature do adjourn on Friday, Slay Ad at t2aM., unsil  CARPETBAG RULE IN FLORIDA. 18q CARPETBAG RULE IN FLORIDA. t89 tuch time as the Acting Governor shall call theme tagether again, on being informed bythe Mangers of Impeachmen~t that they are ready to proceed weith the trial of Harrison Reed. Ofcasse the managesoereanevetobeeeady, andDay seoultd be the tast ttatt to call theom tagether. In addition to F. A. Dockray and Me. Breecmd, counsel fee thte Board ef Managert, Goveenor D. S. Walker aed Ballitng Baker eeemployed. A tetolutiaon eat affeted by Mt. 011- eeos, of St. Johns Coatnty, that the Baed af Mantagero praceed at attce weish the teial af Governae Reed. Thit tesolutien teat laid on the table. Aftee the Atenbly had adapted its resoalutotn ta adjouren wihhotgiing Goernoe Reed a teial, the Senateon the fist day of May, peeceeded by retalotion ta oeganize a High Cooet nf Itmpeachttent. Thit reseotion oat foght tost hitterly by the catnsyieatars ia the Senate--Wentwarth, Futatan and otherc- tehile John A. Hendettaa and John L. Crateford, Deeteceats, hattlddfee its patsage. All teanner efdilatery metiensteee made ta preevent itepastageentid the cestpiratoet became exhausted and gaveeap the ghost, and the resolutiaR teat adapted. The cattpieatort int the Atsembly, Rate foeced into eortbythe actoneofthe Sentate, to maeehgoed theie chaeges, patted a resoalutiotn en the ad day af May, to tend fet pertons and papeesantotae tesimonyundee oath. The High Cart oflImyeachment met May ad, at fie minutes to to A. M., the Chief justice preeet. The Seegeant-ab-Ars made hit usual proclamatioR, and the Attembly teat Rotified that the Senate wasnerganiaed forethetrial of Harreson Reed. Cemmhttee of managees fence the Assembly thena eame ina weithousel. judge Emmconts,Rcoustel forGoevernoe Reed, preesent. The Chief justice then announced that the Senate, at a High Conet nf Impeachment, teat folly oegasized. Countel fot respondent then ashed leave topeoceed with motions that he weold peesent. The managert notified the I desie to elate that the nmanageec are repeesented by T, W. SnooedadYF. A. Doeheay as counsel. judge Emmons, eounsel foe Goennr Reed, thea read the follnowisg paper at peeseating his niewes: such time at the Acting Goerenot shall call them togethee again, nbeing informsedby tebMnagert of Impeachment that they areeaedyto proceedmwihbthe trialof HarrisonReed. Ol coorseeche managereeneer to he eeady,and Day wold bethe lastneonto call temotoete. In addition to F. A. Dochtay and Me. Brecetd, counsel foe the Booed of Maoagers, Gocernoe D. S. Walkee and galling Bahee wete employed. A recolution teat offeted by Me. Dli- veos, of St. Johns County, thatthetBoard of Managers poceed at once wihh the teial of Goceenoe Reed. This resolution was laid on the table. Abtet the Acsembly hod adopted itsreouintadun withotgiving Goeeeeoe Reedactrial,theoSenate,oncthefist dayof May,proeededbyesoltoooogaie a High Court of Impeachment. Thic eesolution teat fooght most biterly by the conspieaorseiiethedeae-Wenorthe, Poeman aod othes- wehile JohR A. Hendersoo and John L. Ceawfoed, Dentoceats, battled foe its pattage. All mannet of dilatoey motions mete made to prevent has passage, untdl the conspiratoec became enhaosted and goee op the ghost, end the resolutdon teat adopted. The eonspieatoes it the Assembly, non foeced into corthy the actionnof teSensate, to mahe good theie chaeges, patted a resolution on the ad day of May, to tend fee peecone and papeescand totae tetimoneyunde oath. The High Court tf Impeachment met May ad, atfeve minutes to 1o A. m., the Chief juttice preetent. The Setgeant-ae-Aetns mae his usual prcelamation, asd the Accembly teat notified that the Senate ceasoeganized forthetil ofHarrehonReed. Committee of manageec fence the Ascembly then eame in ceithcounsel. judge EmmosconselforeGoeenoe Reed, pesent. The Chief justice thee announced that the Senate, as a High Conet of Impeachment, teat folly organized. Councel foe retpondent thett ached leavetonproeeedmith tmotions that he mould peesent. The manaere notified the I desiee to state that the managees ate eepeesented by T. W. Breesod andRF.A. Decheap as counsel. judge Eminn, eonsel foe Goernne Reed, then teed the fotllceing paper as presenting his nieces: tech time as the Acting Goveenoe sboll call them togeehee again, onhbeing inforemedby the Monagers of Impeachment that they are ready to peoceed wih the trial of Harrison Reed. Oflcouese the managerstweeanevee to be eeady,oand Day would be the last n to call them togede. In addiin to F. A. Docheay and Me. Beaed, counsel fat te Booed of Managees, Goceenoe D. g. W~alkee and Balling Bahee mesa employed. A resolution teas offered by Me. Ohi- cecos, of St. Johns County, that the Booed of Managees peoceed ateonce wihh the teial of Gocvernor Reed. This resolution teas laid on the table. Aftee the Assembly bad adapted its resolutiot to adjorn wihhoutgiving Gernoe Reed a trialthe Senateon the Serst daypof May, peoeededhbyresolution to organize a High Court of Impeachment. This eesolution was fought most bitterlyby the conspieasoes in the Senate- -Wentwoeth, Patin and othees- whide John A. Hendeeson and JohR L. Cerawfoed, Democeats, heedled foe its postage. All mannee of dilatoey motions mete made to prevent hts passage, nil the conspieatoes became enhausted and gave up the ghost, and the retlutdon teat adopted. The conspieatoes in the Assembly, nem foeced into courthbythe acdionofthebenate, to make good cheie chaeges, patted a eesolution on the ad day of May, to tend fot peecons and papers and totake testimonyeunder oath. The High Court of Impeachment met May ad, atefse inates to too. n., the Chief justice present. The Seegeane-ot-Aems made his octet proclamatin, and the Assembly teas notified that the Senate wasnorganized forthe tial of Hareison Reed. Commitbtee of managers feom the Astembly then came in with consel. judge Emmons, counselforGoeenor Reed, presess. The Chief justice then announced that the Senate, as a High Court of Impeachment, teas fatly oeganited. Coussel foe tespondent then ached leaveetoproceedcwih motioss that he wouald pesene. The managees notified the I desite to state that the managees ate represented hy T. W. Bteeotd and F.A. Dckay as counsel. jndge Eminn, eonsel fne Goveenor Reed, then tead she followeing paper as prestenting his eieces:  Ig0 CARPETBAG RULE Ito FLORIDA. to the motter of the Impeochmenot of Hoeeioo Reed, Goernoe of Floeido, befoee the High Cooet of Impeochmtent, orgon- ieedbyoirtue ofeoutionpssed theSenate My 1, 1872, This mootere ooame op foe inqoiey hefoee o High Cooet of Imepeoohment, orgooized he the Senote, at the eegolaroession of the Legiolttoe of the Stote, at oed doeieg its session ito Feheo- arlt. At thot tioee, otnd hefoe the thenoeooet, Aetieles of Iompeooh- ment woere Siled he ooort; the reeopondeot pleodedoond the Asseoe- hty replied. Issue ROB therebhpjoined. Oo the opplicotioo of the manoogers, the cooet octed 0900 andrefusedto continue the tial. Roopoodeot peotested ogoonst any pootpooeeetsor 0con0000 000ce, the effecoof which wouldbe to potpoe histialtooan impossihle dop, ctliig thot the cootinoooce of the teiol to the neeot sesson of the Lefislotore woolS he to hox o thoe hefoe the cooming ofowhich hit teero of office ,eootd eopiee hy coostito- tionaothimitation,oondthatehe oooooooed hioeef readyp foe ood demoooded his teil. Thot the prosecutiont peoduee itsoevideoce, orethotthoerespondenthbecqittedad dischared. Thot o memere of the coort oshed ito hodpto proceed io the tril,oondto it fromodoy to dop theeeforeotollsoch tioooshby cosiuinlliomit tho Legislatore'oosesoion weould cease. With- ootoaceioo, the couet adjournedwithoot day. By operation of its Bown eole, adopted foe its goenmet, the Senate,ositingas a couet,Bmeeged intotheSeote poper in its oole legistotive eapacity. Thotosoch Seoote thereohtee odjooeedsie die, the hoorehaeing eeioedoas foed ioaoo- cuenetreesolutio,originatingoandpassinghbothhebrhes of the Legiolttoe, after tho oooteoceoment of ioopeoohooeot prooeed- logs aod hefoee dee adjoorneooett of told RourtL This totosoon of the Legiolturoe wos toot ptovided foe hp the Coootitotioo otod too's of the Stote, oeither wos it Rontemoplated in the omiod of the coort oe of the acting Gooeernoe, weheo the odjoorneotett hefoee moeotioeed tooh ptoeee. He hp wehoom, hp the Coootitotioo, the dottet of the office of Gooeeoe were to he perforooed, hot exercited the coostitotiooal pereogative hetooging to the Eoecotive of the Stote iD colling 00 extra sossion of the Legittotore, owhioh is ntow ino sessioo. Amontg other octs of this hody, this heooch hot, hp its tesolotion, orgao- ited itself lno o High Cooet of Iompeoachmteot to peoceed in the triot of the respottdeot. Froto the dop of his itopeoohttent to the peesentomettt, the octiott of the Legislttre hot pertically sospentded this Igo CARPETBA RULEINRLORIDA. to the mattee of the Itopeochoott of Haerisoo Reed, Goveroe of Floeide, hefoee the High Coort of Imopeochmoent, oegon- ieedhby oietoe of reoolotioo poooed the Seoote Stop t, 1872, This omottee come op foe itnqoiey hefoee o High Cooet of Itopeachenet, oegooized he the Seoote, ot the eegolareoeooion of the Legislotoee of the Seote, ot ood doeiog its session is Feheo- orp loot. Ae thos oioe, ood hefoee the thoo cooet, Aeticteo of teopeoch- omenteefeeledeitcooet; theesopoodetpleodedondothe Asoeto- hlp eeplied. Issue ROB therebhpjoineed. Oo the opplicotioo of the maonagers, the cooet octed 0900 oandrefused to cooeinuethe til. Reopondeotopeotestedoagoiootoepypostpooeoeotsoe contin- uance, theeffect of whicheouldbe to postpone hisotrialtoan itopoosihle doy, cloaoeiog thot the cootittootce of the teiol to the seot oessioo of the Legiolatoe ould he to Sox o tiome hofore the cooeing ofechich his teero of office RootS expiee hp constieo- tionallimitatio,and that he anooootced hiomoelf reaoey foe ond deomooded his telol. Thot the peooecotioo peodoce lee evideoce, or hat the respoodeot he ocqoitted ood dischoeged. That o omemohee of the cooct ashed ito hody to peoceed io the tril,oandto sit frooedop to doytheefoe ootilouch tioeeooby conteotutotl lmt the Legioloteuee's seosioo wootd cease. W~ith- ootoactioo, the cooet adjourned without day. By opeeotoon of its own erule, odopted foe ito goveernment, the Seoote, sitteog 00 0 couet, oeeged ioto the Senate peoper ineit sole legislotice capocity. Thotlsoch Senote theeohee adjournedsie de, the hourehaving aeieedas fixed inaco- coreetresooltio, origiotintgoandposoiogbothheoonches of the Legislotote, oftee the comooeocement of itopeochooeot proceed- logo ood hefoee ttte odjoorneotet of sold courtL This oseson of the Legioltuoeeoeoooot peovided foe by the Cotitotioo ood tawt of the Stote, oeithee waos it cooteoeploted io the witnd of she cooet oe of the actiog Goveeoe, weheo the odjooenweot hefoee wetntiooed took ptoce. He hy Rhow, hp the Coostitotioo, the doties of the office of Goeeoe weee to he peefoewed, hot eoeecised the coostitotioool perogative heloogiog to the Eoeootive of the Stote io calling 00 eotro sesston of the Legisloturee, which is owo io session. Among othee octs of this body, this hrooch hot, hy its eesolotioo, oegoo- ioeditself ioto t High Cooet of Iwpeoohweot to prwceed io the triot of the eespondent. Feow the doy of his iwpeochweot tosthe peseotwmoweot, the actiono of the Legisltuoe hot peoctioally suspeoded this Igo CARP'ETBAG RULE IN LOIDA. to the wottee of the Imopeochmteot of Hoeeison Reed, Goveeore of Floeida, hefore the High Cooet of Iwpeachment, oegan- izedby irtue ofeoltionepassed the Senate Stops, 1S72, This wottee come op foe ioqoiey hefoee o High Cooet of Iwpeachwent, oegooioed hy the Seoote, ot the eegolor eeoioo of the Legislotoee of the Stote, 01 ood doeiog its oesseon io Feheo- ary lost. At thot tioe, ood hefoee the theo cooet, Aeticles of Impeoch- weot Reee Siled inocouet; theespoodettpleodedoondthe Asoew- hip eeplied. Issue Rot thereypjoioed. Oo the opplicotioo of the wanagers, the cooet octed 0900 ooderefooedto conetinoethe til. Respondent protestedaginstoanypotpoeets oe contin- 000ce, theoeffectoof which Routdhbe to pootpooe hioerioletooon iwpoosihle doy, claiming thee the cootiooaoce of the teiot to the oexet oessioo of the Legislotuee RootS he to See o tiome hefoe the cowiog of Rhich his teew of office Rould exepiee hp coootito- tioool liwitotioo, ood thoe he ooooooced hiomself readp foe ood dowooded hio teiol. Thot the prosecotioo peodeece its evidence, othot the responodent he ocquitted ood diochoeged. That o membhee of the cooet oshedo ht odpto poceedin the teilolood to sittfrowdop todayptheefoountiltsochtiomeoashp coostitutional liwit the Legiolte'seooessioo Rould ceose. With- ootactoo, the court adjourned without da. By operotion of its o eule, odopted foe ito gocernwent, the Senote, sittiog as a cooet, weeged isto the Seoate peopee io its sote tegislotice capacity. Thot soch Senote theeaftee odjooroedsine Sieethe hour hoving aoeleedo as ixed in0 a0co- coreeteoton, oeigiootiogoondposioghboth heooches of the Legiolttoe, of tee the commweoceweot of iwpeochweot peoceed- logs ood hefoee See odjooeoweot of told court. This sessioo of the Legiolotoee Rat 000 peovided foe hp the Constitotioo ood tows of the Stote, toeithee woo it cootewplated ito the wittd of ohe0 cooet or of the octing Gooeeo, wheo the odjoorenet hefoee moetotiooed bo tooae. He hp Rhow, hy the Coostitotioo, the doties of the office of Goeeoe weee to he peefoewed, hot eseecised the coostitosioool perogotice hetoogiog to the Eoecutive of the Seote ino calliog ato etteosesseono0f the Legislttoe, which is now ino sessioo. Awoog othee octs of this hody, this heotoch hot, hp its eooolton, organ- ited itself lno o High Cooet of Iwpeochweot to peoceed ito the triot of the respoodeot. Frow the dop of his impeaohweot to thepeentmoweot, the aRtion 0f the Legisltuoe hot peotitooly sospeoded this  CREBGRULE IN FLORIDA. 595 respoodeot frossthe powsess, eights, peisileges oandimnte heontginsg to hiss uodes the Cossitotios and los of the S tate. AndowssHarrisonoReed, Goveror ofsthebtate, reospondeot herein, by J. P. C. Emossos, hit cuns~el, coomes hots into this coort,oandashsoanddemaonds,i irtu c of ftheypoceedings had ithe premises, shot ho, the respondoos, ho ocqoittod asd dis- charged ofsnd fromoalloandsiglarsid impeachosot,oasset forth io she Aothclss of Ismpeachmsess Shoed, and shat he he dis- chargedfom orrst, ond shat ho ho schocved froomsooyosndall forther ottendosco opon this ooot, or the Senoto fromo which is ws oroganiod,gowig outof theimpechmoentorthepoeed- ins oforosaid. Me. Esoos theo, ohoor stosing his motsion to the aoe effect, oshed toots Soo to mooho tho msotion tscfteooa. Mr. Heodesson offorod she folhowiog oodot: Ordlered, Thot tho sootioo of the ossl of respoodent he gronsed. Withoot detoining the court so discoss host foe, as o coot, htis hound to apply a woll-rocognized psincipleoin sho seep sport of otr onssitosions, shot oheoever itstholl Sond is she desoil of powsess is fioig the dissrihotivo shoso swhich psoperly bolongs to eoch hsonch of she govoessssst, o poer iooppropriotely dole- goted to 005 which is is conflict with shot which ysropeoly helongs to onother, it soill so const shot dologotion os so maoho is helongswhese, hy os oastedens delegosion, it wso inteoded, Iwill soy, is sopportsof ssyssotioo, ooddossond shot hy operotios of loso, shents he coort, ot the lostscession, ond tho fSooato, odjoosood soishoot doy, she Coostitosion of she Stote of Florido hoxed she doy to sohich sho Sosote, os o legislotive hody odjourood os hoiog she floss Tosdop oboer the horst Mondop is January, 1S73. And the High Coors of Impeoohment hoiog somposed of the membhersof shot hody, oside fromis pess- dency, soos soot only the oreosios of, hot depeodeot opon, she someoauthorispfoe its eistence. Thos the triol of the respon- doss, if it eoisted is continuaonoe, wso cooried over until shot doy. This to Harrisos Reed, Goovesnor, os afosesoid, wst impossihle dop. Foe shot the Goversor's loom of offico is hy the Costsitusios of the Stateotessoisoted os she opening of she regolar session of she Legislosuee is she pear A. D. 183 though the Conssisotios does sot reod shot he sholl costisue is office cotl his succestor shot! he quolihied, it soos evidentdy istended so to sead, ond hofore thon, is logo! contetmplation, a sees Gosernoe soil! hose CARPETBAG55RLE IN FORIDA. t9t respondest fsoss the possers, sights, privileges ood issmuoiies helongisg so hiss ondes she Coossitosicon ood loss of she And Dow Hasrisoo Reed, Goveror of she Stoso, rsosdent hereio, by J. P. C. Esssons, his ocosel, cosses here ioso this coost, andocssaddessonds, in virtse of the proceediogs hod os he premsises, shot he, she respyondent, he ocqoitted ond dis- chorged of and frossoll and singulorsaoid impyeochmenot, os set forth is she Articles of Isspeachssent Siled, ood shot he he dis- chorgedfross orrest, ond shot he bsereevd frosayoandoll forsher ottendooce uoo this coort, os the Senose fross which is wsoogonized, growing outof the imopeachmentcorshe poceed- ins ofosesoid. Ms. Emons shen, oboer stosing his motion so the aovo effecs, oshed cosse Seor so sobs she sscticon tofoeoto. Me. Hendorsos offered the follooing odes: Oroder-ed, Thot she ssotioo of she counsel of resposdent he gronted. Wishoct detoining she coort to discoss boo foe, os a coort, is is bocnd to opply a well-secogoized prinoiplisthevery spiit of oer istitotioss, shot wtheonee itsohol hond is she desoil of possess is hiig she dissrihotice shoe shich properly belongs so eoch bronch of she gosersseot, a posoer inoppsoprsotely dole- gased to one sohich is io coshlict soish shot shich properly helons to ooother, is sit! so constre shoe delegosios os so smoke it belong shese, hy an ontecedest delegotioo, is wso inteodsd, Iswidloop, is support of mysmodion, ooddemondht by opesatiosoflow, soheo she court, at she loss session, sod the henose, odjoorned sishoot doy, she Conssisosion of the Stote of Flosido hoxed she doy so shich she Senote, 05 o legislotive body odjoornedoasbeing the first Toesdopoafterthe horst Mondoy is Josoory, 183 And she High Cocos of Isspeochment heing somoposed of she meshers of shot body, osids fees is poetsi- dency, was sot only she creaotion of, hot dependenosopon, she ssameoauthoritypforeis eistence. Thus the sriol of she respon- doss, if it existed is coontisuonce, wsscoried over ontsd shot day. This to Horoison Reed, Gooesoor, as oforesoid, w05 an imopossible doy. Poe shot the Gooernors sees of'office is hy she Conssisution of she Stole teminoted ot the opesing of she segulorstessios of the Legisloture is she peso A. D. 183 though ohs Conssisotios does sot reaod shot he sholl costisoe is offico ostdl hs soooesor ohs!! he qsuolified, it was evidently intended so so reaod, sod hefore then, is legs! sontemplotios, a new Govessor sill hose CAORETBG RULE IN FLORIDA. tft respoodentfross she possers, eights, priv-ilsges ood imsosiies belongiog to hiom codes she Constitction ood loss of she fSoste. Andsnow-HarrsncoReed, GoversorofshhSot,cspondeot hereio, by J. P. C. Emmoos, his counsel, comses here osto this cccrt, andoassoad desonds, in virsce cf she prceesdisgs hod inths pressises, shot he, she respondent, he ocquitted cod dis- chorged of cod fromsoll cod sisgulorsaoid isspeochomeo, os set forth in tshe Assicles of Imopsachmenos hiled, ood shot he he dis- charged from arest, ond thos he he relievsd frcoayoondoll furshes otteodoance uycon this coort, cr the fSonase fees shich it ws oroganized,grcowing out of the impeacbhmenoreshproceed- ings aforesaid. Me. Essscss then, oftes statiog his ssoticon so she aooe effect, oshed scse Senaor so ssahe she soticon sotfoesso. Ms. Hendsers cifered she following odes, Or-dered, Thot the motdoo of she counsel oferespondens he granted. Wishocs detoinisg she coort to discos boss foe, os a court, iis bocnd so apply o weoll-recognized principle io the veep spisit of our istitutions, shot wcheneer is sholl hond is she desoil of possers is hiig the distributive shoe shich properly helongs so eoch brosch of the gocernment, a poses inopproprioselp dole- gosed to cone shich is io cohfict sish shot which properly helongs to onother, it sill so construe shot delegosicon as so mobs is belong shoese, by an antecedess delegosios, itwa intended, I will soy, in support of soy motion, cod demond shot hy operatonoflos, sobn sothe cocos, os she loss sesSios, asd she Sesate, odjourned without doy, she Costitusios of she Stase of Florido hoxed the dop to shich the Seoate, as a legislative hody adjoursed os being the horst Tuesdcy oftes the horst Mondop is Josoosy, 1873. Asd the High Coors of Impeachssest being composed of the membersoofthat body, oside frossitspesi- dency, wsotsonlyptheocreotionsof,hbutdependestoupos, the someoouthoritypforitssesistence. Thus the triol cf the respon- doss, if it esisted is ccstisnuosce, wooscosried oosr sod!l shot day. This to Hcrrison Reed, Gocerno, s oforsaid, was an impossihle dop. Foe shot she Gsosernor's loom of office is hy the Costitutiss of the Stole terminoted sO the opening of she regular session of the Legislotore is the peor A. D. 1873, thosgh the Csonstittsion does not reaod shot he sholl costinoue is office onsil his successor ohsl! he quslified, it ws evidentlp intended so so reaod, sod hefore then, is legol sontemplosicn, a neso Governor soil! hose  been elected aned qualified. And, toe, the Legituecan do nobiess, aned certainlytnoe in relation toc thenmtteref this intpeahnttntcil efer the happencing of thee eent. And agineoocuethe puientyroidedtin the Cnti- tution in the tevet of convicincnnot be eted occ. And in laguageIhae befeoreusd inthe presectentfthistter elcewhere, I further say, ta although the Coestitutione pee- vides that cycen extraordieary occascion convetion ocf the Legisletcre mcay be bed, cet ascntrlling the effects ef cuch adjunent the poe ecoes e ithe weitbin the legal oerio riect action of the Senate, becauce it deped depoH the hapcpent- itngs of its chtigencies wch huecan foesight could net decide uon. Andcagaineitcewoldbecatransfereof poerverdeconetrol of tbecatere either te the Govencractualorecting, byenabling hint te itbeld atny cemneictien te tbe Legiclatere ie refer- enceetoeebctiaoretoteLegiltetselfby enalingcny memeebeethereof by cwithholding his coeeent to destroy Lmnm bty, twhereby itecouldclotact. te teuppeet ef mty propiioin asto the effect chic xr tesiocmy have, I quote leeom a cetomuiction oe this erty sebjectfeoectheypeneofoagelemeae whoeeenell-eareederepet- tionefetlegaltecity and acuenentitleitetheereyhighet respet aed contideeation. He caysc 'The legal effect, if thete be cny, ef the acetien ef the Seeaee, is net oecoeee by the peete trsessien, eonenedatehrceiieofetheactingGceenoe, fee if the effect attached, ee subseqenet acttee can avert ht. The queetion thee muect be goeeeed by cchct the law fexed at the tieme, tehatecer thee Oct, eiter in faor ee eppened ce the peti- deon ef foeeeee Reed, end ne cebeeqeent asemeelage of the Legislcture in extea cetsion by cal of the Geene can change it.,' Andcasticomunication isto meynmind conclusiveepon the stetun ef thin ccte, I reead it he fell, ac c betteresetto thanlIcaneoiginate: 'lhe question in regaed to the legal effect of the actden of the Senatecupon thectctusofGernoe Reed, propoundedhyybimt tn the judfes of ch6 fuptemce Cooey, hcnenebied no hotle inteeest in thepchbctnind, end especially during the ditcsin onfhi before the judges by the counsel en eiehee nide. Tbeecnurse nf the arguements seemned to hae been direeted to nuseain oe tn nppose the jutiedictdon of the cuet in the fleet piece, end see- ondly, the effect in lawe ef the actdon nf the Senate-that aetion being theeadjouenmtentnof the Senatetnaday beyondethe been elected cod qualified. And, coo, the Legislatuee con do ncocbuinecs, and ceeccinly none inteelation toehemctteeftis impyeachmentntil afhee the hapytning of thee evenc. And again, tee, because the yunishmoent peecided tee in the Coneti- tution in the ecent of convcioe cannoe he neeted occt. And inilaeuefelhaeefeeued intheeetent oflthismattee ehsewheee, I fuechee toy, thee altheugh the Censeitetion pee- eideccthatuon etraordinaryeccascocs acoenion ef the Leficlateency he hod, yet as controlling the effectc of tech edjcenencethe poeccee neichee withie the legal oremetito- riuection of the henate, becaese it deyends epen the heppen- ings c eite concinenciec cwhich humncoeseight Could net decide Andefcin iteeoclddheaetrncfeeeof yocereeeeeonteol of dcenmater eidcee to the Goeenee ceual oe acting, by enabling hineto cideeld anyecmmneication to the Legidlaeure in refer- e c the flptiel, or cc the Legielaeuee itcelf by enablieg any memebee thereofbyteithhldng hiscenet eo desteoycunecim- ity, oh ereby it could net act. Incsuyyeet ef ecy yeopyeiion cc to tce effect ehis extea seocmy hace, I quote ferom a comnen icatdon en dcisvery subject fronetheypenofeagetecnee he ell-eaenedeept- dionfoe legal cagacity endecmenoeentitlestitetoehecery highest eespect end concidertoe. He tayc: ''The legal effect, if ehete he any, ef the accien of the Senaee, it net oeceme by the prsn cxr eesion, cencenedoa ecaell of teectdnf Goeenee, foe if the effect atecched, ne suhcecqcent action can aert if. The qetionethenemuseebe gocerned by cehae the lawe fexed cc the tinme, twhatecer thee wast, either in favor eor opposed to the peei- deon of Goeenoe Reed, end no subsequent asseemblageofehe Legislature in extra session by cal of the Goveenoe con change it.,, Andas ebbs cmnmuniction it toemyemind conclueepon the stetus ef this ccse, I teed it in fell, cs a better peetatin then I con originate; The quention in eegard en ehe lego1 effect of the actien ef the fencteeupenethecttun of Goceenoe Reed, peopounded hy hime en the judges of ebb fepeme Couee, bee eccited no little inteet in the publicmind, end especially during the discsoeennof it befoee the judges by the consel en eithee side. Tbeeceuse of the arguenets seemeed en have been dbrected en eustaitene ent oppote the jcrindicdeon of the eoure in the fleet place, end sec- ndly, the effect in tote of the aceion of the fenate-that aetin being the adjourtncent of the fenate teea day beynd the ey2 CARPETBAG RcULE IN FLOReDA. been elected end qualified. And, too, the Legitlature eon do no bucineec, end ceetainly nonein eeationee thenmtteeO tlhbs inmyeachmeteunetil oftee the hayyening of thee evetc. And eagect, toecauce the yunishcent procided lt incthe Consti- tutdon in the ecent of convcioe caneet be meted oet. And in laguageIhace befeeeuced inhepeetent ofthiscmattee elseehere, I leech er tee, thee alhough tce Cencditution pee- eidec thee uon eeceoeedioeey eccaciens a concendion of the Legielaeuee maey be bed, yet cc ceenteollieg the effecec of cuch edjoureent the poee coes neithee cwithin the legal oe mereito- riuectcon of the fenate, because it depeeds Uyon the haypen- intgc elite centiegeeciec cwhich huecan foeeifht could not decide Andagainbitewold be aeteansfeeeof poeee aneeconteol ef the mcattee eithee to the Gocevero acctae or ctieg, by enablieg hint to nitheid aey commnecicatien to the Legislature in refer- e cct the triol, or to the Leficlatuee iteelf by enablinf any memebeethereoefbycwithholinge histconettodetroynnim- bty, wheeebybitcouldentct. in tccppet ef ney propscition aotto the effect chistr sessionmay have,tIequte from aeccomniieoneondtisey subjecefrom the peneoy entlemcanwhosecwell-earnedereputa- tienforelegal sagacityeandacue entetddecit totheceyhiest respect end ceecidertedec. He sayt: "cThe legal effect, if thereebeeny, ofdce actieno eldSeeneb beent oec mee by the peete tseceion, eoneeed cc thecoil ef the actieg fiocetnor, foe if the effect attached, no subsequcent action cae aeet bt. The questionethennmusttbeoerned by wchae the etc fexed at the timne,wteerethat was, ebtherin faveoreroppsed to the peti- tin of Goeenor Reed, end no tubsequent assecmblageeofete Legidlatuee in extea cess ice by cell ef the Goeeeoe con change it.'' Andeasehibcommucnication bs to my mindcnluiveepotn the staeus of chit cese, I tead it in futllc at a beetee preeettin sheetI cncoiginate: The qestien in reefaed to the legal effect ofl dee aceion ofethe Senate tepee the statut of Goernoe Reed, peopounded by hint en the judges of ebbi fupene Couee, bet ecited no little enterese in teepublicmind, end especially during the dbscussion nfib befoee the judget by the counttl en tithee tide. Tbeecune ofl the argumnt eeened te bae been diteeted en sstin oe en oppose the jurisdiction of the court in the fert piece, end see- ondly, the effect in lent of the action of the fenate-thae action beingtheeadjourntenteof thefSenate toedayheyendethe  CARPETBAG RULE IN FLORIDA. 193 CARPETBAG RULE IN FLORIDA. 193 CARPETBAG RULE IN FLORIDA. 193 official exitence Cf Governor Reed. The discussioR was Cat interesting CRe to us, and TaB coneducted with tmuch ability oB bothtsides. With mcOh anxiety wasthtepiiR Cf the Jutdges atwaited. The CpiniCR hat beent giveR, and thCugh the Judges differ, yet CRe thing has been stett led by it, and that it that the questiont it one foe the determoination of the SeRate alone. With Rll due defeence to thote wchC hold Cther viTTs, we believe that theqtetione doestnot turn upontechntical ideas ofjuisdictio," for in all tmatters iCvClvingi persoteal rtghts the coutsl hCI'ejuritdic- liCE IC invettigate CRnd ittquire into theto, at the cCCrt did Bn this case. There~ CCs noIT ase "' before the coCCI. Atn Cinion asto the lawewatase, and a opounttdedtheetwaseinvoClved theqtetioR whelteGoernor Reed twasrstord toCisRofficial funtons~ by the acioCR Cf the STRate. The CpiniCR Cf a mjr ity of the judfes atterts that tthatever Reay really in law he the effectof thisactio, theSeate alne isthe tibuaRl to declare it. Tisi peoceeds frmRCoIaRt Cf jutisdictiCR in the Supree CCCrt IC intestigate the ttubject, hot at a tule fromt a declared principle Cf latw, that twhiltt CRC tribCRal bat a casC pending before it, atnother couet, althCugh ef Cconcrn jurisdiction. toill Rot undetake IC decide any questionRato theeffectof the ction Cf the court hatinf feost acqiried cognizance Cf the cate un~til abtet final aciC,lbut leave the qutestion tobe decided by the CouteinIwhich it orifiCated. Itt the preeet case the eule ef latw it etfeciAtly applicable aTcoding IC the ottiniCR ef a mor~ity, for the reasoCRthaItte Seoate bat exclutive jurisdiction Cf iBmpeachments. Until the Senate thall finally decide, the couet caRnCt iter- fee, hut it iR Rnttheee intimtated that soueld the SeRate tas gresRAR Cn f its potets, the cCurt caRnel sC declareeandgive effect te itt CR0 judIment itatnt giveC CAse. GranttitnftheR, that the Senate it the Cnly tribunal IC decide the legal effect ef its otCn acts pendinf the imlpeachm~ent and until they theomselvesodecide or order affiniaticely the fiOCl dis- postionC ef the cae, the qtlionill r1emaRtins, twbal ts the legal effect ef their ActioR it thit case? We dC Rot un~deetand that the eetiCR reetst upon the simptle act ef adjourtenet, nor waR the aefrgu etIfthe ctlel inbehaf ofGov. Reedhbasedeonit, hbut it coolpled twith theethee anld im~portaRt facts, that the adjourneRt wUas without hisecoeteand Cn Coposition IC bit tetohttatd pr- test, and toapeiod eyondhis ofcil life, whenRnotial and no judgmentof acquittl culdretreehi to hisrigts, evenif byatytretch Cf ideat Utpontthetsubject there could by Cny tral af atl. The quettion theC still being one foe the decisiCR Cf the SeRate, bytwhat law, it Blay he inquired. isit tohegoerned? Wlesay by the latcof the land, controlling andgoverning all ights, peivate and Cfficial. The Seoate (no more thant CRy other official exitetoce of GCovernor Reed. The discusttoR wat an interetingoneto us, and wCs conducted Rith tooch ability CR both tides. With much anxiety teat the opinion of the judges aw~aited. The opiniCon bat beet giceo, and though the judges diffee, yet one thing bat beeo tettled by it, Cod that it that the quettion it ote foe the deteetoination of the SeRCte alone. With alt doe deference te those wcho hold ethee vieRs, we beliece that the qutestion doet Rot tur pon technicalideas of I 'juisdictione," foe in all matters inolving peersonal rights the coerts havejueiscdie. tICnt investifate Cod inquire in10 themo, at the couet did Bn thit case. There was Ro "case'" before the court. AR opinion asto ICthe lawcwastasked, and at propounded theretAs incolved the quetionl whether GoveernorReedasetoreed tohisoffcil functdio by the action of the Seoate. The Cpinion of a mIajor- ity Cf the judfes atserts that wehatevee toay really in lw he the effectlof thit acioe, the Senate aloneisthe tibunal todeclae it. Thit peoceeds frmnoAB Cat f jueisdiction in the Supremoe Court IC investifate the subject, hot at a rttle froom a declared principle of Iaw, tltat ohilst ooe trib~ual hao C case pending befoee it, antterecotet, althoufh Cf concurenet jurisdiction, eoill Rot undertake to decide ally quetiCona o the effect of the action of the couttehaving flest acquiried cfogizance ef the case Un~til tfter bonal action, but leace the quettionttobe decided byylhe couteinowhich itoiiated. Inothepeetcaseeherule oflawe it etpecially applicable accrding to the opioionoCf a mtajority, foB the reason that the SeRate tat eclitie jueitdiction of imtpeachmlents. Util the Seoate thall finally decide, thb cor CIcaRnot inter- feee, but it it Rolwheee in~timttled thatt sou~tld the Seoate teant- greestany of ils pow~ers, thle court cCnnCt to declareeandgie effect IC itsowCR jodtaeol RAlly fivencase. Gratiog, thteR, that tlte Senate it the only tribunal to decide the legal effect of its oOn acts pending the impeachmenot Cod until theyhemseelvesdecide or order larticely the finaldi. postion~t Cf the case, the qutestionI still reemainst, That ts the legal effect Cf theirtactiet it thit case? IWe do Rot undertand that the questtiott Teets upon the simple act Cfildjoutenment, Roe was the argumete ofthe caoeel in bhlf Cf Goc. Reed basedCRn it, hot on it couptled Rith the othee attd impotaBt facto, that Ithe adjoutrment was wihout bit consent Cand ill CoptositioR to hiswihesand pro- test,anto aperiod beyCnd hisoficiallife,hennRialand no judfgmentofcquilttl couldetore hitt tohisoights, eceoif byanyotetch of ideastlupontthesbjectltheecould by Coy/Pra a/tall. The quettioR thet ttill being one for the decisioR of the SenCte, bytwhat law, it tttt be onqoired, itit tobegoerned? Wletsayby the law of the land, controlling andgovrning all rightt, peivate Cod official. The Senate (no Rote than Cny Cther Rfficial extisteoce of Governor Reed. The discustioR RCs an intteetinf Cneto us, 0and %as conducted woith touch Cbility RB both tidet. With mutch Cnxiety NCR the opioioo of the judget aRaited. The Cpinion bat beo fiveR, and though the jtidges diffee, yet Cne thing hat been settled by it, Cnd thCt it that the quetion it ooe foe the deltteinatioR of the Senate alo. With all doe dtfeteoce to those echo bold Cther CieRs, Re believe that the question doet Rot Itr upot techniclideastof " jurisdicion,"l foreiR altmattrsinvolving peronal rtthte couts havejurisdie. tioo to incestigate aod inquire intC theto, at the couet did ino this coot. There twat no" case "befote the cooet. AnoOpinioB asto the law was asked, and at propottndedlthere Rwas involved the quetion wthereGov~etrorReed wasreored toisoffbcil futnctiosbthleactionoflheete. The opinionof aomajor- ity af the judges asserts that ohtecee Ray teally 0n law he the effecloflthisactio,the enate aloeisthetibunoal todeclae it. Tii peoceedsom o want of jutisdiciotn in the dSupremoe Court toinvestifatelthe subject, but as arule frmadeclared principle of late, that Rhilst oae tribunal hat a cae pending befere it, anoCther coCCI, althotigh of concurent jurisdiction, Rill Rot undertake to decide atty qCestion ae to the effect of the actioa Cfthe cot hacing firt acquircd cofttiance of the case utntit abtet fonal actiCon, butt leave the qutestiento lbe decidcd by the couttinwhich it oiinated. Intthe presentlcase thetouleof law it especially applicable accoreding IC the opinion Cf a omajority, foe the reason that the Senate hat eclusice jurisdiction of impeachmlent. Util theSete sall finlly decide, Iteceat cannotinte- fete, bitt it ts nowthere ontiotated that shotdd the Senate leant- greettany of ils powes, lbe ecout cannoCt Co declareand give effect to itsowel judolent io aty gicenocase. Grlatingf, thteo, that tite Senate isthe onlytibual to decide the legal effect of itsei CnR acts pendinf the imtpeachmetatd uttil thec thetotelest decide or order affiotaticely the final dis- position o~f the case, the quetion still remoains, what it the legal effect ef their atction in this case? W e dC net ttedeestaod that the question retsCupothe titple act Cfadjotttrnent, ort Rat the argCumentof the oitl iobehalfoci CC. Reed batedot it, hotott itcoupledtwith the otherandlimporltant facts,,thatte adjourett wastihot hitconste and ittopositioto hitwishesand po- test, and to apeiod beyeond hit official life, wenRnotrial and no judgmet of acquaittal couldetoree himot haistight, evenif by any strtetch of ideat tupott the tttbject l tere cottld by any /rial at tl. The question thet still being one foe the decisiott tf the Senate, bycwat law, it Ray he inquied, itit tobe gerned? Wetsay by the ICR of the laod, cCntrollingand governing all eights, private and Cicial. The Setate (no more than any othee  194 CARPETBAG RULE IN FLORIDA. tribunal vested with any judicial power) is not a law for them- selves, with the right to decide according to their mere caprice; nor does there exist anything in what is called the usages and customs of parliament as contra-distinguished from the law apper- taining to all cases, to justify a departure from legal rules and principles. In the celebrated case of Warren Hastings, Lord Thurlow, then Lord Chancellor, affirmed that the usages of parliament as contra-distinguished from the common law had no existence. " In times of barbarism," he said, " when to impeach a man was to ruin him by the strong hand of power, the usage of parliament was quoted in order to justify the most arbitrary proceedings." He added, "that the same rule of procedure and of evidence which obtain in courts below, he was sure would be rigidly followed." The House of Lords sustained this view, and during the trial all questions upon the admissibility of evidence were decided according to the rules of the common law as announced by the Judges. According to this, the princi- ples and rules of the common law are to be invoked in the pro- gress of the trial to determine all questions affecting the nights of the accused, for if it were otherwise there would be no rule by which the citizen could measure his actions and none by which his rights could be determined, for the usages of parlia- ment furnish none. If, then, the rules and principles of the common lao govern the court in the progress of the trial as the only law that exists, the same reason that affirms and main- tains it is equally forcible to support the proposition that all legal conseguenees to the accused, resulting from the action of the court, are likewise to be ascertained and determined by the law of the land. These effects cannot rightfully be averted by resolution of the Senate alone, for by itself the Senate cannot change the law, but at most it can only rightfully prescribe rules to gov- ern its own action, and regulate its own proceedings, If the law pronounces that the action of the Senate in this case has the legal effect to discharge Governor Reed from the impeachment, then it is their duty so to declare, for the rule of law which requires it is as obligatory on the Senate as on all other courts or tiibunals exercising judicial powers. The inquiry naturally results, what is -the law upon this subject ? We have already said a simple adjournment by itself does not perhaps have the effect claimed, any more than the adjournment of a court does of itself so operate. But when a court pending a trial discharges the jury and adjourns against the consent of the accused, and without any reason which the law regards as sufflcient, the authorities which were cited in the argument, as we Understand them, affirm that as a rule of law the party is entitled to be discharged. Now what are the facts here ? The adjournment was not 194 CARPETBAG RULE IN FLORIDA. tribunal vested with any judicial power) is not a law for them- selves, withthe right to decide according to their mere caprice; nor does there exist anything in what is called the usages and customs of parliament as contra-distinguished from the law apper- taining to all cases, to justify a departure from legal rules and principles. In the celebrated case of Warren Hastings, Lord Thurlow, then Lord Chancellor, affirmed that the usages of parliament as contra-distinguished from thre common law had no existence. " In times of barbarism," he said, " when to impeach a man was to ruin him by the strong hand of power, the usage of parliament was quoted in order to justify the most arbitrary proceedings." He added, "that the same rule of procedure and of evilence which obtain in courts below, he was sure would be rigidly followed." The House of Lords sustained this view, and during the trial all questions upon the admissibility of evidence were decided according to the rules of the common law as announced by the Judges. According to this, the princi- ples and rules of the common law are to be invoked in the pro- gress of the trial to determine all questions affecting the rights of the accused, for if it were otherwise there would be no rule by which the citizen could measure his actions and none by which his rights could be determined, for the usages of parlia- ment furnish none. If, then, the rules and principles of the common law govern the court in the progress of the trial as the only law that exists, the same reason that affirms and main- tains it is equally forcible to support the proposition that all legal conseguences to the accused, resulting from the action of the court, are likewise to be ascertained and determined by the law of the land. These effects cannot rightfully be averted by resolution of the Senate alone, for by itself the Senate cannot change the law, but at most it can only rightfully prescribe rules to gov- ern its own action, and regulate its own proceedings. If the law pronounces that the action of the Senate in this case has the legal effect to discharge Governor Reed from the impeachment, then it is their duty so to declare, for the rule of law which requires it is a obligatory on the Senate as on all other courts or tribunals exercising judicial powers. The ifquiry naturally results, what is -the law upon this subject? We have already said a simple adjournment by itself does not perhaps have the effect claimed, any more than the adjounatent of a court does of itself so operate. But when a court pending a trial discharges the jury and adjourns against the consent of the accused, and without any reason which the law regards as sufcient, the authorities which were cited in the argument, as we understand them, affirm that as a rule of law the party is entitled to be discharged, Now what are the facts here? The adjournment was not I94 CARPETBAG RULE IN FLORIDA. tribunal vested with any judicial power) is not a law for them- selves, with the right to decide according to their mere caprice; nor does there exist anything in what is called the usages and customs of parliament as contra-distinguished from the law apper- taining to all cases, to justify a departure from legal rules and principles. In the celebrated case of Warren Hastings, Lord Thurlow, then Lord Chancellor, affrmed that the usages of parliament as contra-distinguished from the common law had no existence. " In times of barbarism," he said, t when to impeach a man was to ruin him by the strong hand of power, the usage of parliament was quoted in order to justify the most arbitrary proceedings." He added, "that the same rule of procedure and of evidence which obtain in courts below, he was sure would be rigidly followed." The House of Lords sustained this view, and during the trial all questions upon the admissibility of evidence were decided according to the rules of the common law as announced by the judges. According to this, the princi- ples and rules of the common law are to be invoked in the pro- gress of the trial to determine all questions affecting the rigdts of the accused, for if it were otherwise there would be no rule by which the citizen could measure his actions and none by which his rights could be determined, for the usages of parlia- ment furnish none. If, then, the rules and principles of the common law govern the court in the progress of the trial as the only law that exists, the same reason that affirms and main- tains it is equally forcible to support the proposition that all legal conseguences to the accsed, resulting from the action of the court, are likewise to be ascertained and determined by the law of the land. These effects cannot rightfully be averted by resolution of the Senate alone, for by itself the Senate cannot change the law, but at most it can only rightfully prescribe rules to gov- ern its own action, and regulate its own proceedings. If the law pronounces that the action of the Senate in this case has the legal effect to discharge Governor Reed frot the impeachment, then it is their duty so to declare, for the rule of law which requires it is as obligatory on the Senate as on all other courts or Itibunals exercising judicial powers. The inquiry naturally results, what is the law upon this subject ? We have already said a simple adjournment by itself does not perhaps have the effect claimed, any more than the adjournment of a court does of itsclf so operate. but when a court pending a trial discharges the jury and adjourns against the consent of the accued, and without any reason which the law regards as sufcient, the authorities which were cited in the argument, as we Understand them, affirm that as a rule of law the party is entitled to be discharged. Now what are the facts here ? The adjournment was not  CARPETBAG RULE IN FLORIDA. 195 CARPErBAG RULE IN FLORIDA. 195 CARPETBAG RULE IN FLORIDA. 195 theresttof any necessit, etheoftlaworeofoounaticipated ocrec.Goeort Reed was aeraigned; the Senote organ- izedo as0ac0ur; aplea twas filedoandisoue maode. The occused demanded a trial, as he hod aoright to do tinder theexrs trsof the Conttutiont. Withoot Ony reason declaoedo, or000 fareas ekow eitieg, thedj~o oent wasoordered,tandy the operation of the Coootitotion, kooown ,o tde Soenote, thot adjournetcarreied thehSenateovoerotoext January,tohichtwa, as also'o hm o ede Sfenate, beyond the offiia life of the Cov- eror. The deductiono of foot, aswelt os of law', wohich we hold to fottowo fromo this it, thao the odjourneoto of the Sooote ood the cotinuance of the impeachmtetefore it,twas not for the pot- pooe ofooetio,hout ttothereeshootdbeootriot ;oondtwehold it tobeoagointtoy principe oftoao,thotoIyoatyoeorignedooan be held toeeta otriot iotteodof togive himootiolood tht nturoo tceoattleateeqoeethotioalltsuchootoosthe effetthootdhbeoadischoege;oandootooad alltcoootsoshoold, when the qutestion propeetoy cotmes befote it so dotctoee. And tehy? Simopty bteoouse, os it oseeto to uo, the stpieit of the tote twhtioh gioes powtee in or-de to teytottotolted, oodtheospiit of jooticeeeeqoites thot the party ohoold ho held ditohoeged, foe heis preesotmed toheointoceet otilttheontoeoryispoedt, ond, tot inosuh cate, no chance to peote htot gool texits, ho to etitled to the prootioot henefit of the perinctpto otottoeohte to hio hehalf. The tegot offect, if ttete he toy, of the action of the Senate, is 000 ooeecoooe hy the preent extra session, oooeoed ototheoottl of the acting Goverotoo foe of the effectoattoohed, no sohoequent eento oan ethi. The qoestioo theo muost he got- eroedhbyowhot ohetoat'fited otoohottooe, whoteveethoooeos, either in faoorO opposed to the positio of Goveror Reedooad too soboequet ossembltoge of the Leogislatoei xr eso byooall of the Goeroroaotchangeoit If theseoiewsheoreet, the Senatewilltnot onty hedoinog jooticetooitsef,houtto thehbody of the peopto, cot 00mnto Goernoe Reed himstefhyotonce oderingthe discharge of the imopeoohmtoo. Anyfothee ooese wittoaffoed aoproof thot the toctics of potty, oooouminog the goise of pohltc good, aore of more potent cotol thoo the tow, wthich it it' the highest interestt of Senates', cotso andpeople tohaedmiistered. In the ohte oatpeol moode by Messes. Peeer ho Rooey, they moree poeticotorly tetied opoo the quettion of the jorisdictioo of the Supeme Cooet to poot upon the tegot effeot of the action of thit coort. And 00 to ohit question aone, did the omojotity of the ooet coofeirm ittelf, to foeoasooy disageemteot woo cont- oernted? And white jostice Weetot, who detiveeed the opinion of the t'ouet too ptoinlty to he misoundetstood, oooeded whot weoultd hot'e heeno the unanimtous opioion of the ooottinothe eoent thetresuotof ooyonecessity, eithee oftlawcoofonatiipated ocre cGot'eeoe Reedooooeeorigoed; the Seoote organ- izedasoa coert; opleo BOO fitedoondissoe mode. Theoaccosed demaonded atil,oshohadoaeight todootiderthe eopesos teemo of the Constitution. Whthoot any 000000 delored, oe 00 fareas we koow eoistiog,theoadjoeotoet woo ordered,oondhby the operotion of tho ContittoOn, dooo'o to tte Senoote, thot odjoorneotcaooeied the Sooote over to 0000 Joooory, ohich woo, asaottootowetotheooenat, beyood the officiot life of the Goo- eenoe. The deduction of foot, ot well oo of tow, which we hotld to fottow froom this it, thot tho odjooromeot of the Seoate ood oho continuance ofthoeimpeachmoenthefoei, woo ot foe the poe- pose ofoatialothtotheeosholdh otrialt;oondweholddi tohbeoaginstooypinipleooflaw, thaot aaryarrignedooc be held to peevetoatralitedof togioo hioo triolooad thatnatrtotjosticeoattleatoteqoeothtoitolfchooaseothe effottshoodhbeoadischore;oondoaoytood aloo tsohoutd, when the question propeety comet before it to deeloee. Aod Cwhyf? Simtdy becoooe, as it seems to its the sptrtt of oho tow which givet power io oeder to ot i voloted, oodtheospieitof justice reqoires thot the pty should ho hetd doschoeged, foe heitpestowed toheioooeonttltheotroeyoisPoved, and, asoinsuchooase,noochane to prove hiogudtyexts, heoetted to the preocticot beoefit of the tooncifte apltcabte to hos bhalof. The tegol offeot, if theee ho oot, of the actiono of the Sentoot, is not oveecomoe hyto pre~t ex00 sessont' conened ot the ooll of te octiog fGoveroo, foe of oh e effectoattahed, Co subeqentevnt anavet t.Theqoestioo ohothesbego- eroedhbywhot thetoaw fixed 00 thot tiewe aee htws either io faor oe optposed to the fositoo ofoveror Rood, and 00 oohseqoeot ossewtbtogo of the Leogislturee io xr eso hyeoall of the Goeeorecnchangeoi. tf theoeoiewo beoeet, thehSeoote wiltonoy he doing justice to its'etf, hot to the hody of the people, oot tometo Gooeertoe Reed himself,byoat once orderinog the dischoege of the imtpeachmoent. Aoy othee ooroewitoffod o peoofothot the toactics of potty, assuming the guite of pohico good, ate ofmoe pot ent ootrol ohoo the tow, which ht it the highest ioteest of Seeotes, oorts and peopletohaedinisered. Inotheohtleoppeotooodehby Mtetoes. Peelere&Raney, they meoee poeticotooty reltied opon the question of the jurisdiction of the Sopemte Couet to pastOupoCtho logot effect of the octioo of thisoeooet. And oN to thit quettion atone, did the majoeity of thoecootooirmwitsetf,so fareasoay disareeeent waso- eeeed? And white jostice Wescoot, who detivoered the opiniotn of the ooet too plainly to he omisoodeestood, conceded whot wtould have beeno the ounatimoos Opinion of the courtin the evet theesolt of oeyonecestsity,eithertofoaw ortof ounootioipoted ocrec.Goernoe Reedoo oesaroigoed; the Senate oegotn- ioedoooocout; o pteo woo ftoedoondissoewoade. Theoeccosed demoeded o tiot, oo he hod o eight to do oodee the expeso teeoms of the Contstitotioo. Withoot oey reaoo doclored, oe so foe oo wo koow existing, ohe odjootoweot owao oedeed, and hy the oyerotioo of the Coostitoioo, kowon ho ht Set, ohot odjoorneonetooerriedothehSeoooeooeeooo et joooey,owhich wa, asaoooketoototeheoene,hbeyood the officiol life of the Coo- eeoe. The dedoctiono of foot, oo well oo of tow, which we hold to fottow from this io, ohot the odjouroment of the Seoote ood the continuane of theoimpeachmtentefoei, wot toot foe the foe- pose ofoatil,ltoththereoshoutdheotiot; ood we hotdhi tobeogainstooypicipleooftoa,thtp aty araigedoan be hetdto teenta otiintead ofoogiveohimoaotial,oond thoatota justice ot teost eeqoeo thot to ott such cases the effect should beadishare; ndtoany ad all toorto should, whoo the quoestion property omes beforeeoto detoere. Aod why? Simpty beooauoe, 00 it osewms to ocs thoosprto of the tow whioh gies powee ino oeder ootryo ot voloted, ood the sphrit of justice reqoies thot the footv shootd to held doochoeged, foe he ispesomed toe iooottitheo troryoispod, ood, osoitoooohoase,oohooeopeoe hoogdlyexts, hie iseotitlod to the peocticot henefit of the priiole tyoappticobte to hto heholf. 'The tegot effect, if theee he ooy, of tht' actioC of the Senate, isnot overcomehbthe presetoetra seso ,onened 00 tho coll of doe octiog Governoe, foe of the effectoatoahed, o soboeqoetevento canavet h. Theo(utoeo t e must booefgov- eredhbywhat ohetoaw hoxed otothotoom, hte ve htws eithee io faooooposedotheosonoofGoeeoe Reedotand no souobeoet assembtafe of the Ltegiolture in xrassso hyooall of the Goverorocanochangei. Ifftheseoiews heecoreet, theSeoote wiltoot oty beodoiog justice to itsetf, hot to the hody of the people, 000 to meton Goeeoe Reedhimself,hbyaonce orderingfthedischareeof the imfpeochmentt. Aoy othee cootte witt offord o peoof ohot the toadtc Ofoarty, otsowiog the fuise' of publicfood, ate of moe poteoteconoltohoo the tow, which it it the highest inteest of Senate,cooortooadypeopte to heodiiteed. tn theabteoapealtmadebf Mtessrs. feotert hRaney, they yoreatiuotoly relied opon oho quesion of the joeisdictiont of the Sopeme Coort to pass opono the lefat effeot of the actiotn of thio ooet. Aod as to thit question atone, did the moajoeity of the 'ouet 'onfewm itself, soforasooy disgeeent woo BoB- erned? Aod white jostioe Weotoott, who deliveted the opinion of the couet too plainly to he toisoodeestood, eotnoeded whot woold hooe beeno the unanimous opinion 0f the ooet Cn the eent  196 CREBGRL NFOIA of the question coming before the court in othee circumstances, he held that thdcOI-nat was hy the comity of cosets estopped from taking such jurisdiction in this case as woald call foe a fall dec- laration of the eights of this respondent. But as to what constituted an acqaittal within the meaning of the Constitution, he folly a grees with Chief justice Randall when he says that, and I heee quote teem his opinin; ' What is the tre intent and meaning of the woed acqaittal as heee used in tht Constitntioni The couet does not differ as so the peoper definition of the teem as hteenused. Itsis our unanimous opinion that it is not reteicted sc an actual judg- ment of acquittal aftee a note apon foil ecidence foiling to con- victhbystheeqisite two-thirds of the memhersuofan oganized Senate. ' We thinh its teue signification to he any affirmative henal action hy a legal Senate othes than a conciction, hy o'hich it dismisses oe disconnues thc peosecution. Any final disposition of the impeachment mattee by the Senate, othos' than a canvtc- tian, is theeefaee an acquittal, forstepnt-pse of emovng (do dtu- quafjfintion fom hfertorming tedts of the of~e." jadge Wastcott fully agrees with tht Chief justice in all bat the questian of jueisdiction. And I shall, therefore, need the opinion of Chief justice Randall as the opinioa of the Suapree Cauet, on the question 000 here peesented fae the deteemina- tion of this the High Coart of Iampeachment. As so jueisdiction now oe heeeaftee, jadge W. says: "1Oat pomertin the msattee of this impectoent is limited and circum- scribdby the factbtat is is ansattee beyond oat jurisdictiaon entirelyAfter an impeachment pefected accordiog la the Can- stitation the whole matter is with the Settate, and it has the exclusive tight of determining all questionsuwhich may aeise in the case. If its action isounconstitutional me hace the eight and powceeo declare its nullity,and io apopercase hefousof any patty to enfcrce the eight of wohich it proposedto depive him. Particularly mat there no difference of opinian, as to the total want of analogy between the jurisdiction, poer and final action of the Paeliament of Great Britain, and that of the Senate of a Stute in this country. And while this seas tre it was con- ceded beyond controcersy that the action of this foram mould and mast be that of a court, one in which qatestins of Ia' and evidenceare tobe viewed and passedoupon with the same gov- tening principles that tegalate inquiries into analogou naunbjecs; mattterin all judicial tribualsproper. And the doctrine that in an impeachment " the tame tales of evidence, the same legal motions Of Crims and punishments pretvail; foe impeachments ate not ftamed to alter the lao, hat to 196l CARPETBAG 00UL0 tNFLRt A of the question coming hefore the cones in other circamsances, he held that thottenuet man by fhe enmity of courts estopped fromo taking such jurisdiction in this ease as would call fat a fall dee- lnaaion of the eights of this respondent. Bat as to what constituted an acquittal within the meaning of the Constitutiut, be fully agrees mith Chief justice Randall when be uays that, and I bere quote feons his opinion: " What is the true intent and meaning of the wodacquittal as heee uscd in the Canstitutionf The court dcoes ot differ as so the propee defisitian of the teem as here used. Itsisou nanimous opinoan that it is nut resteicted to n actual judg- ment of acquittalaftereavteaupun full evidence failing tu can- victhby the requisite two-thieds uf the members of an organized Senate. " We think its tre signification to be aay affirmative final action by a legal Senate thdes than a convction, by which it dismisses oe discontinues the prosecutius. Any final dispositin of the impeachment masset hy the Slenate, otder than a convic- tin, is thereforetan acquittal, fos-odepupo of reoving (de din- gqualificaotion fromsberormsing (do duies c/edhe affa. " judge Westost fully agrees wcith the Chief justice in all but the questiun of jueisdiction. And I shall, threfoe, read the opinion uf Chief justice Randall as the upinion uf the Siupremue Cones, on the questiun nuns heee presented foe the deteemnsta- lion uf this the High Coat of Imspeachment. As so jurisdiction nose as hereafter, judgt W. says: " Out powereinthenmattrof this impeachment is limited and circum- scribed hy the fact that it is a nsatter beyond ur jurisdiction entirely. After an impeachmnset pefected according so the Con- stitution the inhale mautet it wcith the Senuate, and it has the exclusiverightuofdeterinig allquesionsnwich may noise in the case. If its action is unconstitutional we hace the eight and poueretudeclarecits nullity, and in aprpercase hefousof anyparty sou tnre the eight ofmwhich it proposed to deprie hins. Particuarly wastshere nu difference of opinion, as ts the totul oust ut analugy betmeen the jursdictin, power and final action of the Partiamoent of Great Britain, and thatsof the Stoate of a State in this countey. And while this teas tre sit ons con- ceded beyond controversysthat the action of this foeum mould and must bethat ofa court, one in which questiuns oflawmand evidenceareetobecviewedand passed upon with the same gos- teening principles that regulate inquiries into analogous subjects;l mallet in all judicial tribussals peoper. And the doctrine that in an impeachment " the tame rules of evidence, the soot legal motions of crimes and punishments preevail; foe impeachments ate not framed so alter the law, bassto 196 CRPETBAG R0ULE INFLRIA of the question coming before the cones to othee ciecumstancen, he held that thcf-.cuet wan by ihe enmity of courts estopped from taking such jurisdiction in this case as mould call foe a fall dec- laration of the eights of this respondent. Bat as to what constituted an acquittal within the meaning of the Constitution, be fully agrees with Chief justice Randall when he says that, and I here quote teum his opinin: " What is the tre intent and meaning of the word acquittal as here used in the Constitutiots? Theouret does ot differ as to the pruper definition of the teem as bee sed. Itsisou uanious opinion that is is nut restricted to an actual judg- ment of acquittal after avote upon full evidence failing to con- victsbytheerequisite tmo-thidsof tbe memhersuofaoganized Senate. " Wethinkbistrue significatiun to be ny atfirmatire final action hy a legal Senate otder than a conviction, by which it dismisses at discontinues the prosecution. Any final disposition of the impeachment matter by the Senate, otdos than acov- sian, is therefore an acquittal, faodjtntiuoe of removing tdo da- qafpfiatu fopt'osmtag (doe duies a/ofh oflu. " judge Westost fully agees with the Chief justice in all hat the questiun of jurisdictin. And I shall, therefute, tend the opinion uf Chief justice Randall au the opinios of the Siupee Cut, on the qestin nun here presented (nor the determina- tion of this the High Cones of Imspeachment. As so jursisdiction nom or hereaftee, judge WV. says: " Out poerinshesatee of this impeachmentsis limited and circum- scribed by the fact that is is a nsattee beyond ur jurisdictin entirely. Afterean iumpeachment peefected accoedingto the Con- sitution the wole msatter is wuith the Seonate, and is has the exclusive right ut deteeminingoallqusestiunsmwhich may arise in the casc. If its actiun is uncunstitutional me bave the eight and pownerstodeclareeits nullity, and inappercase befoeus of any patty to enfuece the eight of wchich it proposed to deprire him. Particulaely was thre nu diffeence of opinion, as so the total wnt uf analogy betmeen thr jurisdiction, power and final actiun of she Parliuaentuf GreatsBritain, and that of the Senate of a State in this country. And while this wat tout it mat con- ceded beyodcontroeursythatsthe actiun of this forum mould and nsust be that of a cones, one in which questions ofilaw and evidenceareetobe viewed andpassedaupon with the sansegov- erning principles that regulate inquieies into analogoussubjects; matteesin all judicial tribunals proper. And the doctrine that in an imspeachment " the same tales of evidence, the same legal motlets of crimes and punishments prevail; foe impeachments use oe framed to altee the law, bassto  CARPETBAG RULE IN FLORIDAO. 197 carry it instomoeeffectuel execution. The judgments and actionnmust theefore be sods as is nerronsed by legol peinci- pies and precedents," as folly sostoined by tbe aotborities cited, tees recognized in ail tbeie fore, oo epplicable, ood bet foe tbe wost ofjseisdlictios, wsosld bave received tbe jodgments of tbat coort itn sostoining thattforwhich the reespondent con- tended. This docsrinte is folly laid down its Webster intbo Prescott case, by Woodetoe is bit lectores, 4Block. Cost., Chit. Ceint. Lew, cod otheroaoshorities cited and read is shot orgumton And, too, Soldoo its his norks, mooeyorticoloely et efi~s-e. folly indores this sole, osd the ncesty ond propeiety of its oppli- cotssn. See, too, Lord Winston's case-stsion is arrest of jodgmnset, swheoe tise Lords entertoined the motoion ond decided And then, inerefoesece to the gesetol practiceis coorts of law, nhes the issue is joined end the jcoy it empyanelled antd sworn, oodsthecooseoiscostinoedowitheoutthecosentsof the defondacs, oithor on motion od the dischorge of she juey, o by the wsithdrowol of see jsect, by the sonsent of she court, the defeodans is theseby discboeged cod ocqoitted. BeforeeIcite in the argumentoanyoouthoritiestosthistwell settled poins. I odd, shot its this cotse she court costshe cocos aod jury. The Senosweesworo try, etc., and hacing beenoso swornesthooldhosvereturnedccedit;esndnothoaving done so andthe coort hocing odjousned,oandyparticolarlyoassnodyswas given,eospondetwas entidled to anocqoittaloanddischorgeos ashed foe. Toethiseole, see she People vs. Barrettoand Weed, 2eCairns Report 304. Reynolds s. Stote, 3 Kollby (Go.), Reyort Sop. C., 33, cit- ing Sects s. M~c~ee, e Boiley, 65 1, chose she cocos scy: Tahing then oor otwn decisions, cod those of she Cnised Stases Couets of Non York cod Englond sogesher, tOO 000 enabled so teythat aojury oboer they coo chasged can booditcharged, ond theypisoneretriedoascond tio,fortebofloing caoses only Cosn ofshyprsoser;illness ofoco of the jury, sheoyrisooner orsthe cocos; abseoce oftone ofsbhe jurymen; she isossibility of their afreeingsonoc eric. Beyondstheseyapehendsthscoot hot no eight so go. See, too, Mot vts. Stcte of Ohio, 14 Ohio, 295. Hawkis' pleo of she Crowon, title Diocootinoonce, 043. Ptr. Emons then seed the opinion of judge Ransdall. carry itinsstomoeeffetul esecotion. The jodgmsents ond actionnoust therefse ho soch es is naseansed by legal peinci- pies end preedents," as folly sostained by she aushortiies cited, waes recognized in all theie foece, as ayplichile, end hot foe she wnt of jorisdiction, noold bae received the jodgments of shot scoort io sustaciningthat fortnhich the respondent con- tended. This doctrine is folly leid donn is Webster in she Prescots cotse, by Woedesco it his lectoses, 4 Black. Cost., Chit. Coin. Len, cod othe aubhoitiss cited cod seed is shot aregnt. And, too, Soldes is his norks, nose particolarly astf 165-z, folly indoss this sule, cod she necessity and proysiesy of its appli- cto.See, too, Lord Winston's case-notioic crrst of judgmnt, oboese the Lords esstetained she mosios cod decided Andsthes, increference oothe gesneral practice in csors of lan,nwheo the iscoo tis joioed cod she jcoy is enpanelled cod snerc, ansd theocause is contineued nithoutsthesconsest of ohs defesdant, either on mtotion cod she dischasge of she jcoy, or by she nithdroacal of ooe juor, by she consent sf she court, she defeodans is theseby discharged and asquisted, Befoe Icite in thecargumnot coy austhoeisies ts this well sesdledypoint.tIodd,sthatinhiscsestheoures tshecourtand jcoy. Thoe eaosweeswonostry, etc.,and having beenso swnstholdbhaveoreunedoc erdict; asdecst hacisg done so andbheccor hacinegadjourned,cndyparticularlytscodaynwas given,srespocdectsncenidled so aneacquitaload dischargecas asked foe. Te this sole, see she People s. Barrest end Wood, 2 Cairns Repost 304. Reysolds s. Stase, 3 Collby (Go.), Reort Sop. C., 53, cit- ing Stote s. Mtciee, I Bailey, 65 t, nhere the cocos soy: TFahing then oor own desisions, end these of she Ueised States Courts of Non York cod Englcsd togesher, no coo enabled so scy thes ajury afher shop ae chargedecon hedicharged, andtheypisoerstied aconodtimse, forsthefollowng cases only: Consens cfsheyprisoner; illess efcoof the jury, theyprisoner sr he cocos; abseece ofooe of she jurymnc; thc inossiibity of theireagreeing ooca edict. BeyondstheseoIcappehendstheourt hos cc tight so go. See, too, Mount s. State of Ohio, 14 Ohio, 295 Hawnis' plea of she Croon, title Dliscontinuansce, 043. Mt. Ennoos then read she opinios of judge Randall. CARPETBAGORULE IN LORID. 197 carry it intone efectual exesution. The judgmntsand atcntomst therefore he such Ot is naeranted by loge1 peinci- pies end precedents," as folly sussained by the authorities cited, sees recognized in al their force, as aplibile, cod hot foe the coot of jurisdiction, nould hose received the judgmnos of shot scut in sustainingsthatsfornhich she respondent con- tended. This docteite is folly bld den ic Webster is the Psessostt cost, by Woodesec its his leceues, 4 Black. Con., Chit. Cein. Lon, cod othereauthoties cited cod read in shot argunment. And, too, Soldec in his nerks, note particularly eatS 16t-2o folly indorses this rule, cod theonecessity cod proprety of itssappli- caticc. See, too, LordWinstn'scse-o-tionsin arrest of judgmnt, nhere she Lordsoentertainedthenmoticonad deided Andthen, ioefeenceothegeeralyprcieoinours of lawn heosthe issue is joined cod she jury is empanelled and sworn, aod she cause is contioued nitboutheoconsent of she defendant, either en msotiot cod she discharge of she jcoy, sor by she nithdranal of one juor, by the consent sobs he cut, the defendantsisthoerebydischargedandcqited. BeforeoIsite intsheoaguent coy cuthoritie othisnwell settled poins. Itodd, shot is this sase she cour t sthe cocos cod jcoy. The Senatoesnweetsno stry, etc., and havingbeen so snosn, shouldhaeereturedcaceedict; andots having doneoso end the ourte having adjourned, cod particularly as to daywas givee, respodentnwaseniled so an acquittal cod dischare as oshed foe. To this reo see she People ss. Bareett cod Weed, 2 Cairns Repoes 304. Reynolds cs. Stole, 3 Celley (Ge.), Ceport Sop. C., 13, cit- ing Stase vs. McKee, s Bailey, 65at, nhere the courttoy: Takiog then oorcnn desisiens, cod those of she Usited Stases Courss of Non York cod England sogesher, no ase oeabled so scy thes aojury ohte they ac arbedocan hedischarged, and thepsonoetredcasseonddimse,fortsefolling cases only: Consent of she prsoner; iloots of one of the jcoy, the prisoter 00 she cocos; abseoce of one of she jurynen ; she inpossihilisy of theireagreeing coc erdic. BeyodsthesesIapprehendtheocourt hot so eight so go. See, too, Motis s. Stase of Ohio, sq Ohio, 25. Hawnso plea of the Crown, title Dliscontinuoece, 243. PMe. Emonos then seed she opinion of judgeo Rasdall.  198 CARPRTBAG RULE IN FLORIDA. OPINION OF JUDGE RANDALL. The ctomuication of Governre Reod states a RaRe pur- poeting to he the cose toode ity the record of peoceodings of the Setnoteorgatnized for the teil ofhis itopeoohomet. The cone Rs fond in the journal of the Soooto does not dif- fee essentiolly in Roy logol aspeot frotm thot stoted hy hitt. The questiont presented is, Wchot isnthe offeot of the ootiott taee hy the Soooto oed the Assemthly opos tho hosorohle, the Assestbiy, Rhich tees lotely pooding hofoe tho Senate upon the persoRaloondpoliticalerightsofGoertor Rted, Rnd thepohitical eights of the Legislotoee ood the people. Tho officeoand potpose of tho procestof impeochmtent,oas waot well stoted hy ont of the coonsol Rho otipeaeed is behalf of the Lleotesoet-Gosereot, is to ptotvide thot thc Stoteotoy not he degeoded hy o delieqoent officot; ond as well, as oas stated hy otheoonsel, that int this to cess seithoer the State eoe Rny citioeo shooldhbe depeiced of any lRwfultrighthbytheoaction of anybranch of the genment. ItttwRstwellrged that this cooet hod oo oothoitytotsit in reiwof r to reetre oo llify the oction oe peoceedings of the Senate. Sot it twas not well soid, iR o legol Reese, than the Sen- DaReRwts h ody having aosopeie joeisdictioo, hecoote its powets Romnprehendohebroder dtmoe elevated plane,Ounttammeledhby the seveee eolet Rod axiotos of the commos or sttute lote. If thiohbeteoe, thetoodeen theoeies of goveernment Rnd the foermo ofcivcil gosernetstfroamed isthe ltee peiods, areehutnsolemt comphicated feoods, moochioeo fot the amuosemoent asdtht imtpov- eeishmoent of tho people. If oil politicai Rnd judicial supetcisoey ponee is lodged io ooy one body of toen, noteithstoeding the estathlishtoeot Rhich oil peoyle love so reserently, otfanied endee twtitten contstitutions, Rhich in teems ditide the ponees of goveenentointoseveeal depaetents fof aitRoJ, oopposed to he creeated to performtthe offices of coeeectives osd balances, then reesuchseeraeldepartmenetsmeechetsandhamso,baublesoand playthiogs ecesnted to deludo Rod esae If this he so, what seed of Rny othee depoetmteet thena singlehbody oftoen, or indeed o single hoon heingcoeeed oith tinsel,oWhosc "otoheotiol looho"oond impeeiooo nod maoy dispenoe oil powee Red oil justitce Rnd commtand the ohedienoce of oil other mten R goveenent foshioed after thot of heosen itself, hot nwhose Mentoe it a nere piece of tcoumhling potteey ? On the ethee hood, the Seoote, oteoted hy the weitten tlte ef the people, like oey othee depoetteent r feoction, hot nsh authrityoas it confeeted hyloto. It hosnotheen sppooed to he o teihonal high ee thon t he exeotive r jodioial heonohes of governenet. An o jttdiciol hody it cOD Rct Rely opon the 098 CARPETARUDLE INFLORIDA. DtOtNO OJDOERANAL The communication of Goveenoe Reod states a case pur- prting to he the cone nmode hy the tecoed of proceedings of the Sente orgonied fothe ttiol ofhis inpeachmnetL The caseoasfousd iR the jooenoi ef the Sesoto doesnRot diP- fee essenially in oey legal aspect feon thot stoted hy hin. Thequestion peesented is,nwht isehoe effect of the oction tohen hy the Senate osd the Asseonhly upon the honoeahle, the Anseesthi, Rhich not lotely pending hefote the Senote upon the peesonol oed politicol tights ofGov-ereoe Reed, Ond the political eighto of the Legislatre ood the people. The office ond poepose of the peocess of inpeochment, a wa ell stoted hp ose of the coonel n-ho oppeotcd is heholf ef the Lieeiteoont-GoceRoe, is to peocide thot the Stote noy not he degeoded Pp o deinetuent officee; and on well, as was stated hp otherecounsel, that inthis peocess oeithee the Stoteoeony citieen shooldhbe deptived of any lonfol Tighthbythe actioneof anyhbranch of the goernment. ttetews eloUged that this cooet hod no oothoritp tosit in revew of or to reerese r ooliify the octioe r peoceedisgs of the Seoote. Bot itnosnoteellsid, in alegal Reese, thos the Pen- ateowaonohody hoiogoaspeiejueisdictio, hecoose its poees comprehendohebroder dnmoe eeted plane, untronneledhby theseeeuee RndaxionsRofthe conoottte laR. tf thin he troe, the moodets theoties of gocetnentoond the foens of civil goveennentsfeaned inthe lte peeiods, otchottnolemn comtplicated frads,nachinesforetheoamseentoandtheimpo- erishmnt of the petople. Ifoall politicoloandjdicialsperstoey powee it lodged is aop one hody of nt, notnithntanding the estohlishmnt which oil people love no reveetlyt, reganized ondee neitten constitutios, nhich in termo dicide the poeers of goseennent int~oeealdepartetnts ofntogieRcy, sopposed to he creeoted to peefoeot the offices of coetectites ond holoncos, then aeeeech seveeealdepartnentsotere cheats dhan,bauhlesand ploythiogs inteoted to delode ond esae If this he so, nhot need of eny othee depoetnent thona singlehbody ofnten,oreindeed e oisgle homn heing coeeed with tienel, whosec"anhrooiallocks"oondimpeioosnodnoy dispeose oil powee ood oil justice ood connand the ohedience of all other nen ; o goveennent foshioeed oftee thot of heaven itself hut whose Mentot in a nete piece ot ceonhling potteey ? On the othee hood, the Seeote, creoted Pp the weitten Ionw ofthe people,lieoany othe deprtetnt oe feoctien,has such authorityoas it confereed Py lon. Ithas ntheensupposed to he o teihonol highee thas the execotive r jodiciol beonches of gooeennent. Asnojodicilhbody it conoact only upon the 195 CARPETAGoRULEINcLORIDA. OetNtONt OF JUROR RANDALL. The connonicotieon of Goveenor Reed noateso cone pur- poeting te he the cone node Py the eecoed Rf peoceedien of the Senote orgonied foethetrialoflhis inpeachmno. The cone os foond in the jooreol Rf the Sesote does not dif- fee etteetiolly in oey legol aspect from thot stoted Pp Pin. Tho quetioR peeseoted it, what is tho effect of the oction token Pp the Scoote ond the Assenhiy opos the hosoroble, the Ansesthip, which toas lotely pendiog befoee the Senete opon the peesonol ood politicol eights ofGoeenoe Reed, and the political rights of the Legislotoe ond the people. Theofficeoandotrpose of te peocess of inpeochmnt, a neon Wellstoted Pp one of the coosel n-ho oppeored in beholf Rf the Lieoitenoot-Goernoe, is to provide that te Stotooay not he degeoded Pp o delinquent officee ; and os well, on not stoted by othrtcounsel, thot inthis peocess neither the Stote Rorey citizen shouldhbe depriscd of oey lowfolieightby theoactioneof anyhbronch of the goveenent. It n-on well oeged that this court Pod no oothotity to sit in eview. of or to reeese or nollify tho oction r peoceediogs of the Senote. Bot itnoasnottwellsoid,isoalegol sese,thtthe Pen- ate ws o body hosing o sttpeeiee joeisdictioe, Pecoose its poters comprehendoa brodeereadmore elevated plane,Runtrammeledhby the secetetoles ond oxiont of the comnn osttte laR. If thisbe teee, thenmodeen theoies of goceenneet ood the foems of civil goceenents ftonediethe lte petiodo, otohottnoleetn conplicoted froods, nochises foe the Rnustenot ood the inpov- eeishmnt of the people. If oil politicol ond jodiciol sopeevsioey power in lodged is oey one body of mten, notnithstoeding the estoblishmnt Rhich oil people lose no revereetly, oegonized ndeeerittenconsittioe, wthich in termnodivide the powersof goeenment into setorl deportetnts of no~istooy, sopposed to he creoted to petfoest the offices of coeeectices oed balances, then oreesochnseveeeodeportentsnmereecheotsondnshoms,ooublesaed ploythingseinceeted to delodo Rod esae If thin he so, whoteedofoanyothe departnent thena singlehbody ofnmen, oe indeed o siogle henon being coereed Rith tinsel,Rwhose "oatbeosiol lockso nd ipeiooneeod mtoy dispense oil potet oed oil juostice and connond the obedience of oil other e n o govetnment fonhioned oftee thot of heoven itself, Pot n-hone Meotoe is a nete piece of ceoumblieg petteeyp? On the othee Pond, the Senote, creoted Pp the tweitten Ion of the people, like osy othter department r feoction, hen such aothoeityoas in confeeeed Py lon. Itehosnothbeennspponednto he o teibonot high ee thon the esectttive r jodiciol heonches of goceenment. Asnojudicialhbody itcanoact only upon te  CARPETBAG RULE IN FLORIDA. 199 CARPETBAG RULE IN FLORIDA. 199 requettofanotherehranchcalled theAsembly. It has judlii jurisdietion Uf hut U single proceeding. It Uannot reverse oe set aside the judgemtent of the SUuemeCuUt.Ur ftajustice of the PeUce. ItRmay, if the AsRehbly UUomplain and prUve, dis- mis ttt membhersfor iolationUofIlaw,but itcannot pescribe orjudgmen~ts. Neithee departmtent is utterly independent Uf r "Uaboe'" the Uthter. The Legislatture, ity the repeat Uf U aw maty tke ferom the curtst the powerU toact Un U giUvencs depending upon the eisteUUe ofth~efrpealdUactutitcannot deprive the courts UP the poere to administer the existing lute. Ittmay passU anuUUUnstitutiUnal act, and RUpoe cantUR prtteet isacttUn, but it cannot enfotr it, nrt weill the curtts pettmit its enforemtU U Utr caU the Legislaturenfrc aUUUnUy lawe without the Uid Uf the judicial tribunals-neither it supeior, neither it inferior. Theremtarkstaddressed tottheutby UuselUcUUcerning the highee Ut supervitory character of the beanchet Uf the Legis- lature, Ut judicial teibunals Uf which the cur~ts ma~y taUnd int peuirCUawe, UanntU beUUnsidered otherwie than Ut aU argu- m~enttthat the praceedings of the Senate Un suchcapacity were beyuond the control/Uf Uany ethet teibunal. Thit it Rot U q1uestion int the econtideeatiUn Uf the mttee tntU underexamUiRatiUn. The timtple questiUn it, wehut it the necessary legut tifet andreet oU theUactionEUf the Senate Und Atsembhly upUn the imtpeachtettad trial ofthe Gerno. I mauyfurther emarke that the peueeedintgs Uf the Stenate ie this mtatter Ute, UnqUUS- tiURahIC, be~yUnd the UUnttUl Uf thistcurt, even Ut the proceted- ingt Uf the eouet Ure heyetd the cotrol of the Senate. The retpect Rhieh eueh hody owes to ittelf precludet the possihility UfUanyinterferene eyt with the action Uf the Uthet, Ut Uny tnvattUn hy eithee wtitht the jurisdiction Uf the othet. The finai actionof the Senate itobe exam~inedeonlytforthe puepose of ascertaintngtwhatuactiUn it hat takeR Und RhaUt results legally flowe frome such action, to the tend that suh resut mayhbe deelated. AndtI entureeto declaethat this fiU UUctio ust bettexaminedithefeencetothe lagoerigthe poes Uf the actor, fut, sU far Ut the eightt UP Utherset ccrn~ted, eet U legislative Ut judicial hody cUnnot violate the latw so Ut to deprive the people Ue Uny Une Uf themt Uf tights intentded tU he teured hy lUR, weithut aherogating the peitteiple underlyintg the twhole faheiU of ReubhliUUn institutiott, thut gternentetsar instituted amtong ment for the protection Of liter's eights ; aod the curtst Ureoeganized as integeal paets Uf the goveernmentfor the purpoteof enofrcing this pretionU. The house ef Assembtly itmpeaehed the GUvernor, und hy virttuofthetCotitutionthetoUodbereft at onctof thetEcu- requesttofUnothehUranhUcalled theAstembhly. It hus judicial jurisdiction of hut U sinle proeeeding. It cUnnot reverse Ut st aside the judgemtent Uf the Supeme Curt, Ut Uf a justie Uf the Peace. It ma~y, if the Assembtly UUotptaiU and prUve, dis- missoUtrtmembherstforviolationof law,but itcannot pescriei orjudfgments. Neither depatmeot istutteely independent Uf Ut 'UhUCve" the Uthee. The Legislature, hy the repeUl ef U aw ma~y tahefrUmttheUcoutts the poterto tUUt inRaivenRUase depending tupon the existeneeof thetrepealed act. but it cUUnot depeiv'ethecotst of the power tU Udminitster the estiogluae. It tay pastan uncUUstitutionUl Uct ad to Uowercan pretet itstUUoU, hut it cannotUPenoce it, norUwill the corets perm~it its enforeentet; nor cUn the Legislture enforeeanyhlaetwithout the aid of the judicial teihbual-neithee it superir, neithet is inferior. Theemarkhtaddressedtoethecout by cUUuIlconcerning the highee Ut suttertisory charter UP the hernhes Uf the Legis- lature, Us jud~icial teihunals ef wshieh the courets mayf stand io peculiar aee,Ucannthbeconsidered otherweise than s Ut rgtu- etthat the poceedingstof the Senate in such capacity were beyond the cotrolfof Utn' Uthet teihbunal. This it not U questiUn int the eUnsideeatiUU Uf the mautter noU untder exam~inutiUn. The sim~ple question is, what is the onecessary legal effect andrest of the ati~on f the Senate and Assemtbly upon the imtpeachmentaed trial ofthe Gerneor. I mtayfurther emtark that the peoceedingt Uf the Senate iU thit ma~ttee Uee, unques- tionabhly, heyond the cUntrUI Uf thit court, eve su the prUceed- ino( theUUourtuaeheyUnd theeconteolof theente. The respecttwhich ech hody Uwes tU itself peubdes the potsihility of anyinteefeence hyitoith the actiUR Uf the othee, r Uny invasion by eithertwith the jurisdictio f the Uthee. The fioal actio ftheSenate is tU he exUmined oly forthe purposeUPf Uscetainting wehat actiUn it hat taheU Und RhaUt results legully flow Peoom such action, to the ted that such results mayhbe declaeed. And I etretodelaethat this final actionemust heexuamitnedtwith eeference tothe lUw goverigthe poerst Uf the actoe, foe, to far Ut the tights of others re concerned, teten alegitlatie Ut judicial hody cannot violate the late su us CU depeive the peope oy oeof themt of eights intended tobe seeured by late, teithout abergating the principle untderlying the wehole fabrie UP RepuhlicaU inttitutiont, that gUveernmentsar onstitutedututong mteU foe the peotetion of Umen's eights ; Und theecouets aretoeganized as integral parts UP the goerentut foe thepurpose of enorcingthit pretionU. The house oP Assembtly itmpeaehed the Goveernoe, ued by virtue of the Costitution he stood beeft at once of the ExeUR- CREBGRULE tN FLORIDA. 199 requett Uf aothetrsanhcalled the Asemly. It hat judhici jutisdiction UP hut U sitgle preedin. It cannot reverse Ut set aside the judgemeteof the SupreetCout, orofUa jstieof thefece. It mayif the Assemblyf complain Rnd proeUedis- misot eeree fee violation UP late, hut it cannot petetibe orjudgtents. Neither departent it utterly Undependent of o -'aUove"'the ther, The Leiltre, by the repealofUa lawe, mtay take freom the curts t he poer to Uct Un U givcase depending upUn the existence Uf the eepealed Uct, hut it canntt~ deprie the eeourts Uf the poer~e tU Udmtinister the etistiog late. It Uay ptass anunconstitutionUUIUct, Und RU pow~ercnreen itsUactiUn,hbutit canotenforeeit,orewill thecuts peermit its entforeent R nrcUR the Legislature enforce aey late without the Uid Uf the judicial trihunals-Uteith er it superior, eithee it intferioe. Theetaehstaddessed to theeecut hyecun~selecoseetning the highee Ut Supervisory charter Cf the heanches uf the Legis- luta judicial trihuUals Cf wehieh the curts maUy stand int peculiarutee,cannothbeeUonsideredetheise thue at UU argu- mtentthat the proceedingstof the Senate in suchecapUcity wee heyond the cotoleof any othertiunl. TIhis ist a uqestion its the consideration ef the mautter RUE uder exam~iUation. The simuple qluestion is, wehat is the neessary legul effeet anderesultof the ation of the Senate Und Assembl~yupon the imupeuchmtentand trialoftheGoeenee, I mauyfurethettear thas the proceedintgs of the SeUate Un this mtatter Ure, uques- tiUUably, beyond the coteol of this court, even Ut the perceed- togs Uf the court are beyond the control uf the SeUate. The eespeet twhieh eUch hedy Uwet tu itself pecludet the possihility of antyintteefeentee hyitUwith the Uction Uf the uthet, Ut aUy invasiohyeithertwith the jurisdicti~on f the other. Thefinal action Uf the Senate it to he examtined only forthe pupose of ascertaining RhutuetiUn it hut tahen Uod uhatesuelts legully lotw frotu tueh UctioU, to the end that tEch tetubts m~aybe declared. AndI etuetodelaeethatthisfial ctionu~st heexamuinedtwith refereuce to the lawegoeering the poers of theuactor,foe, sofreusthetights Uf ethers are conceeenedeven alegislutive Ut judicial body cUUUot violate the lutE oast deprive the peeple Ut any Use Uf thetu Uf rightt inttended to be secuedby luu, wsithouabrotgating the principle undeelying the swhule fuheic uf Republican institutions, thut governenttetsar insttuteong tes forethe ptectiR Uftme'terightst; Rod theecurets ureeerguuizediasietegerlpurts Uf the goermen t fue the purpuse of enoreing this pretion. The hoose uf Assembtly imtpeaced the GUvernor, uod by virtue of the Constitution he tood beeft at once of the Estec-  tine flanction which at once devolved upon the Lieutenant-Gov- enne. The Goverenoe yielded, and pleaded ta the chaeges. The Senate by its fleet rule, its Iaw- adapted flat the pat- poee afl the trial, tenalved ta "acntinae in tension froam day to day, Sandayt, encepted antil final judgmnent ehall he ten- dered. " The Assemnbly declaed itselflnatnreadyenoprove the chargethbyereaanaftheabencefestimanyand inese. The Senate hy a veeaf elev-en in the negative, ta nine en the affienmatite, rejected an arder prapatedbyaone ofl hitemn- beet " that the Senate stting asa High Coaet ofl Imnpeachmaent do naw adjoarn in accerdance nith the cnnnant resalutian adopted by the Senate and Asembnly flat the adjaaenmnent af the Legielatate. 'The Senate the. refuased en pattpane the trial ate-an reqaeted by the Assembly, and that practically repeated an re- affirmned the tale to proceed leant day tn day antil final jadg- TheGaoveanor demnandedaetrialeandptestedthat dheetrial nhold notbeypostponed toaiebeyond the expiradion ofl hit term ofloffice, andinsistedthataschptpnement notonly would depiebhimflhirightttrialand hi righttobebheard in hit deflenee, twhicb teat secured to bite by the terens of the Conetitunion, bat wonuld deprive the Senate of the pater to tey hint, at he woueld he net ofl tftice by the cnsntitutional lmtto ofl histnerme before the neat meating ofl the Legielatuee, and the patet of the Senate, therefore, ao flint judgmtent woald be gene; each potponemnent woueld Inave nofting apon wnhich a judgent ceald operate. Whereuponn tie Atsembly, not procceding weith theetriel, thefSenate stting fine the trial, adjoarned, and the Sen- ate and Atemnbly forthweiith adjourned withoat day. No anfie tale qaetion is, what is the legallretelt and the legal effectuponethetrightofalthe patiesafectd. t cannot avoid the quetionst by declining en answeer, upon fte ground that the court canan determnine the regalarity an reviewe the action of teenate ineitn jdicial cyeity. tewould decliane each intereene bhenettr in sbould ha demnanded leant any tource. Hastedeaenakenesuch action thatastoeitelflandtGovernor Need, and en the preneeding, iteneannnecearilynnbke any furter.e atoinbencaseetohbingitnnnernmination. lt itspowcerovernhe caseeahausted? Ifltanderstandetheamajorityafthbcourt,they decline en inerete this antio; ofl tine Senae; and then, Itheieb, theydeyproceedea nstrune it, differingawitne astoour deny en declare can opinion al ien legal egfect. They conlede that the ypnocedings lead by the Senate tee notnfinaleuntilesodeclareed htnbody,twhilenmy conluions areethatntbnactienntakenncwes fnal astoesl aland effecte;and ifl tine flunction whbich at nce decolved upon the Linatenant-Gan- erne. The Goenonn yielded, and pleaded en the chaeges. The Senate by itsfit rlel,itlaadpedforeebepure- poes ofl the trial, resoleed toa continue in nettian fleom day en day. Sundayt, exceped antil final judgent thall be ten- deed. " The Aseembly declared heselflnotereadyeaopnvn the chargebyrean ofl tebseence ofl tetimony andnwtnesses. The Senate by a vote* of eleven in the negative, en nie en the affirmtaie,trejectd an oedee propotedbyaone oghets em- beet "ehnhatlte Senatesitting asa High Coart ofl Impeachmnent do naow adjouan in accordence teith the cncurreent resolution adapted by the Senate and Attemebly Ice the adjauenent ofl the Legislatue. The Senate tu refuesed en postpone flee erial at teat requeted by theAsembly, and that practicallyrepeated antre- affirmed the tale en proneed leant day en day antSl final judg- The Goenor demaended a tral and proteted tbat tlee trial sbouldanotbeyenpospnedntoaimte beyond the expiration oflhie terntoflnffice, and insitedthataschetpnement not only woeld deprive hint of bit night tn trial and bin eight en be heaed in bit deflense, which was senctred en bite by the termns of the Conetitution, ban woald deprive the Senate ofl the pate toe try bime, an be woeld be oat ofl office by the constitutional limnitation ofl bin term beforne the tent wetting ofl the Legislatare, and the patet of the Senate, tereforee, en gint jadgmnt woald be gont each postponemnt teould Inane anbting apon wbich a judgent could oyerete. Whereapan tbe Assemnbly, not proceeditg th the trial, the Senate stning fine the tril, adjonaed, and the Sen- ate and Asemnbly foretewith adjoerned wteiobut day. Now the tale qesntien in, tehatnie the legaleseelt andebhe legal effect upon the righte of all tbe partiet affected. I cannet aeoid the qetione by declining en anstern, upon the ground that the court cannot determeine the regularity en revciewe the action ofl the Secate in its jadinial capacity. I teeuld decline tech interfereanne wbenener in shnuld be demanded fronm enysore HasnteeiSenatetabkenesuh actionenthaeaneoitelfl,andntoGoenor Reed, and en the prnneedhng, ieteustnecestailyntake any fleenhery action in thencaeto bring itntocenmination. It itsepoterer heb eatseexhaunted? IflIluderetend e mjoitynfthecourt,nthey decline en interpen tbis action tf the Senate; and then, I thinb, they de proedntanstruee in, differingecwit e at tenetr deny en denlare eut oyinin clints legal effect. They conclnde than the yrnceedings bed by the Senate teee notnfinlntildsodeclared bcnthetbodytehdleny cnluions aeate the action taken teen final as en result and effec;and ifl tine funection which an nce deenleed npnn the Lieenane-Gne- ene. The Goenae yielded, and pleaded en the chargee. The Senate by besfirt tale, hes law adnpted forenhe pue- poten ofl the trial, reenlved en continue in neetion leant day en day, Suandayt, ecepeed antil final judgntent ehall be rea- dered. " The Astentbly decared itself notereadyntoprove the chargeshyereasnnftehabence ofltestinmnny and witneste. The Senate by a ante, of eleven in the negative, en nie en the affirwative, rejecned an order propotedbynone ofl hetsent- beet " tbat the Senate stting at a High Court ofi Impeachmnt do nte adjourn in accrdancenwith the concurent resolutin adapted by the Senate and Asemnbly fine the adjounmnent ofl the Legislatue. The Senate thee refhsed en postpone the trial at teat eqested by teeAssembly, end then practicallyepeated an re- affiented the tale en proceed leant day en day until final judg- ThenGovernordeeandedeantiel andpretednthatthbetrial should not he postponed en a time beyond tbe expiratin ofl hin temnf officne, and insistedethat each yotpyonement ace only woulddeprive him ofis it ton teial and bit eight en bebheard in hit defense, whbicab ent urned en bite by the tereme of the Constitetion, bee wounld deprice the Senate ofl the pate t enry hian be wouald be ace ofl offie by the censtitational lmtto of bin teren befoe the neat meeting ofl tbe Legislature, and the patet of the Senate, tereforee, to gine judgmnt teould be gnne; tucb postponemnt teould Inane notdieg upon tehicb a judgntent couldnoperate. WhereuponftieeAssembly, not proneeding with the teial, the Senate siating fine the trial, adjoenned, and tbe Sen- ate and Asembly fornetwih adjourned wthoute day. Nat he sole qestion in, tebtit the legal resulb andethe legal effect upoan the rights ofl all tbe parnies affected. I cannot avoid the questiaons by declining en anser, upon teegroundebhae the ncur canan deternmine the regularity en reviewe the ato oflthe Seitne ineitsjdicial caaity. Iteould decbine etch interferenceewheneer it should be demaneded fromt anysore Hastheb Senateetaen tech eneman that astocitselfl, and en Goenor Rend, and en the proceeding, it tenet nteesarlyntake any furthee actioninnthecastntobing ittonerminadin. Iseietspowneroerthe ceeaated? IfII underetand tSe nmajority ofl the court, they decline en inteepet thin actin ofl the Senate ; and tben, I thinb, they de proneed ao cntren in, differng witb we asto enac deny en declare our nopinion el ite legal effect. They conclade thee the peoceedings lend by the Senate tee notefinalntildsodeclared bythatnbody,twhilemyncnclusins nre than te actien taken teat final asto rnent and elffect; and if  the Senate consider the matter again it shoutd come to the tame cnctusiaon, uninfluenced, honeer, by our opinions in the mat- tee of its daty, of whbich it alone stilt judge. t hate neither time nor inclination, nor is it materiat iomy judgmeot, to commaent upon the caraous aathorities, legal and historical, relatiog tct impeacbhoent proceedings, upon the legal effect of rho prorogation or dissolurion of the British Parliameot, for, aecordig tothetciowtt taheoof the case, I maypagree con- sistendev with the argumenot of the learned counsel who responded torthecouosel ofGoeror Reed. I deal only wtith the case presented and its peculiar circunmstancet. Iconceice that the atalogy betoeeo the qoalitier aod organ- izationoond powrersaof the Hoosrof Lords, aod those of the Senate of this State, is atrerlyrcaoting io at least twoimotr- tant poariculars. The poiats of departare may be discocvered in the followng stateoetrot I. The Senate in conjtnctiton with the Assemobly may adjournanddthustdissolce their sessio, aodotay rthts crate so act, and deprive rhetotelces of the powcer to act in a legislatice or jodiclat rapacity, of their otn volition. The Houseof Lords is acortin itsfudamtaleistence, bating all the incideots ond jurisdiction of a judicial tribunal at the comon larc; hacing pawrrotno try not only political hot otbertofronses, and toreciewr the jodgments aod proceediogs of all other coorts; its jadicial existeoce connot he dicested as destroyed by its otto action; it cannot dispose of cases before ithbyits dissolotion or adjourotmeot; it caonot disrolce itself; like all comon-lawr courts, its catesr emoain hefore it until it robes affieratice action; it caonot terminate its owrnsessioos by adjournment, bar oolyhbythe commraod of the soaereign, and the sovereign cannot dismion causes from its jurisdiction. Hence, the proroatioo or dissolution of the Parliamnt, befog done in vireofrtheeoyalcaommand, a powcer aota hr bersisted ia that resprct, dart nor div-est it of jurisdiction acr pending causes, and animtpeachment, beinrg apocding against tdopocaoo, ear- vitesreceryoaccidct saaerthe death of ohs accused. (Ituoder- stand thitrohbethe lawrof EngladacdIthinh rho death of the accused desrroys from that mootent all jorisdiction of rho Booso of Lords or other crimoinal coarts acr the proceeding, aod that oach psoceedings as acre pending are front that moetabated). a. Theoimpeachmentrhefore the House of Lords is a pso- ceeding againstrthe citizen and per in hisidiidualcapaciy for offenoectcommittedreihhrrinhis officialor personal capacity. Theotrial isrhertrial of ao offender, and the judgmetnisnthat of a court, the high err ia rho kingdom,. whose process issues to enforce its judgmrents, earn to the robing aftrho lift of the per- the Senate consider the matter again it should came to the same conclusion,auninfluaenced, howeer, byaour opinions in thesmat- ten of its duty, of rrhich it alone n-ill judge. I have nitherrtime nor inclination, normi it material in my judgmernt, so cormment upoo the various authorities, legal and historical, relating to impteachment proceedings, apon the legal effect of the prorogation or dissolution of the Bsrish Parliament, far, accordingtbtes-iewrItrahe ot the care, Imay agree can- nistntld wcith the argumoent of rho learned counsel who respondedtorthe caoselaof Govrnoor Reed. I deal onlyrwth the case presenred and its peculhar circumtans. Iconceice that the analogy hero-era the qualities and argon- izaation and porsrof the Hoase of Lords, andthoseofsthe Senate ofrthisState, is utterlyswanting io at least ro impor- tant particulars. The pointsof deparuretayhrediscovred in therfllowcingstatemtor: IThe Senate in conjunction weith the Asrembly mao adjournandrthusdissalae their session, and soap rhusceaserto act, aod deprice themsaelves of the powrce to act in a legislative or jadiclal capacity, of te orcn voltion. The House of Lords it a court in itshtondamental existence, baving all the incidents and jurisdiction of a judicialt ribunal at thecomon tart; hacing powcer to try not only political hot other offentes, and to revciewr rho judgments and proceedings of all other corts; its judicial existence cannot he divested or destroydhbyits owtnacion; it cannot dispose of cases before itby itsodisslution or adjournment: itrcannot dissolve itself; like all common-lost courts, its cares remain before itountil it tahes airematiac action; it canot termatae its owna setssions by adjournmenr, bct only by rho command of thtracerigo, and the socereignecacnor dismiss casts froto its jurisdiction. Hence, she prorogation or ditsolution of the Parliamenot, bring done in vreaoftheroyal command, apowernotto he resisted ia that rerpect, door nor divest it of jurisdiction over pending casts, andoaniotpeachment, beinga procerdingogainst tdopecaoo, sr viveserccyaccideanaverthe death of the accused. (launder- stand thistohberhelacof Englandand Ithink the death of the accused desaroyr front that omoment all jaritdicdionaof the Boonse of Lords or other criminal coarts acr rho proceeding, and that such proceedings as 0-err pending are from that moment abated). a- The impeachmenthbefore rho Boast of Lords is a pro- ceeding against the citizen and peer in his individoal capacity foroffenescomomitted eitherinhis official orprstonal capacaty. Thertrial isrthotrial of anoffndoer,and de judgmentrisrthatof a cort, the highest in rho hingdom, whose process insues to enforce its judgmets, teren to the tahing aftrho lift of the per- thesSenaterconsiderethe mattee again itshold come toathe ame conclusion,ouninluenced, barretter by our opinions in the mat- tee of its duty, of rrhich it alone oll judge. tbhaeeithertimesnor inclinadion,norois itsmaterial in mp judgment, to comment upon the cariao authorities, legal and historical, selating to impeachment proceedings, opon she legal effect of thr prorogation or dissolution of she British Parliament, foe, accordig tothe view Irtakeof she care, I mayagree can- sisrently wcith rho argument of the learned consel wrho respondedrtosthecounsel of Govrnor Reed. I deal only rrith the caseoprseted and its peculiar circamtances. Iconceive that the analogy hetween the qualides and organ- izationnandyporrers of rhe ous aof Lords, andrthoseofrthe Senate of this Stare, is utrerly starting an at least toco impor- tant partdculars. The points of departue may be discoereod in the followng statement: I. The Senate in conjunction str rho Assembly may adjorn and thusdissolve their session, and mayp that craseero act, and depoice rhemselces of the powr to act an a legislative or jadictat capacity, of odor teen voliion. The Houseoof Lords is acourt in its fundamental existence, having all the incidents and jurisdiction of a judicial tribua at o the common last; hacing poster to try not only polidical bat other offenses, and to revaiem the jadgotonto and proceedirrgs of all orhrcourts; its judicial existrnce cannot he dicested or destroyed by its awn action; it cannot dispose of cases before it hy its dissolution or adjournment: it cannot dissolve itself; Shke all common-lost courta, its cases remain before irauntit it taken affirmatite actio; it cannot terminate its owno sessions by adjournment, hot onlyhby rho command of the sovereign, and ohs sovereign cannot dismits causes from its jurisdictdon. Brace, therprorogatioor dissolutionoof rho Parliament, bring done in vtieof rho royatcomsmand, apomerotmto ho resisred iothat renpect, does nor divest it of jurisdicion over pending causes, and animtpeachment, beinsg aproceeding against tdoperoo nor- vistevery accident race the death of the accused. (Itunder- stand this to hr the last of England, and I think the doorS of the accused destroys from that mooment alt jurisdiction of the Bqase of Lodsor other criminal coarts acr rho proceedirng, and that tuch proceedings as a-crc pending are from that moment ahated). 2The impeachment hefore the Boast of Lords it a pr- ceeding against the citizen andypeer a hit individual capacaty foraoffensesacommoitedeihr inhisofficialor eprsnal caacity. Thestrialtis therial of anaoffendr, and the judgmentristhatrof a court, the highesr in the hingdom, whhoar process istars to enforce its judgmtrs, earn to rho tahing of the life of the per-  sonotcotncicted. Ittres otnd cotovictof murodeotondoffoaroeny uon att itopeochmnt, oood as Ott oppefllate couort it tries the rightt offibertytad popery,todpoounoces otod tofocesito judgetoad decees t la aotondinoequity. fhe beoote con jodicioffy toy otnfy opon ioopeochmnt, oand it coo try, oot the cititot fot commtoitting ctimet, hot onlfy an officer, ostouch, foe tho sofe poopose of depooition froto hit office ood efigihifity. Its judgmetntt can be enforced oofy hymen of jodiciof pocetfom ohe couets of law', consterttog andat tog opon the jodgtoetnt of the Senate as uon~t o foat of the Sitote. Ooedeposed fomo offioeby the judgment of thehSenotetomoy he hept froeo office otofy by the ourts, the pooweo of the Setoote beitog eohoooted hy the reeditiono of its jodgmoet. Bot the judfmtooeof thel enate eeno willnot be enforcedby the coortstif the jodgmoentbe toot oothorioed by the tw of the foaod, of owhich the oooeoscoannoterefote to doteromino. The Senate moost hove joeisicoionoof the offfcereoeitocoe- eot try hitt. If the Seote postponte the teiof tooa doy twheo the offioeeceoettoexitt, it doth forohoith foostpone otod diceot it- seff of joeisdictiono ovee the eootter chorged, of poowee over the officer, of the poeretoenoder o judfeoent, oaod theee it to othee fofical teqoenoce, io my jodgtoetot, thoto thot it postpotnen the cote oot of its joeisdictioo, and to there it toothitog foethee opon owhich the Seoote 0r court coo operote. Ito othee words, the case is distoitted, goote 000 of eoistentcetso effectooffy thot it cotonot breothe ogoino, too power coto retstote it, otod the oooosed ditohoeged feoto the costody of oheouoet. Itcotot obe soidowith any defeeofpauiiityhatho cottitotionoof prosiono, obot oho officee imopeoohed tholl he " deemooedoonder oreestd disqoolfied feomo peefoermitof otnyof the dotiet of the offhoe utoetl ocqoooieo by the Setoote," cootemo- pfotesotooocqittlootoyyooote of "toot goilty." Anoooqota'o, otlotonderstaotditit o odichogehbyvirtoeoof anyyoctio of thfetentemwherebyiteefses expettfy 00 other- mite foethee to teteetoio the oose ott oot upooit, 00 mhioh pfocet the coote heyotod its reeooh, otod by owhich it hot too fotoger atop potower otroothoeity to renodee a jodgmtenot npont the futor 00no cetoeof the officer. Thit Setoote hot ofreeody estoblithed this as the oeet itotee- petatiton, ito the cote tof the impeochentt tof a high joudioial effioter of thit Stote, by its vote thot the poeottion he diton- titooed otod the oose dismtissed. Upontohio the officteresutned, wthoot qoetoe, the dtoties of hio officoe. If the conttitntiooal peeoisioto eefereed te cototempfotes a vote of "nootgniltp" toe atop joudgment opoo the meeitt tof the cohoeges, theo it the jtodge ef the Sitoth Circooit stfll souspetoded, otod inocofcolable mischief sonconoioted. Ittrietotod coooicts ofoooedeoad ofoeceoty upoo oto iotpeochomeot, otod os oe oppelfoteooet it toies the rightsoof lbeoroyandproperty,oond pronootocet and etofoeces its judomftos otod decees at foot otod 0n equity. The Sooate coto jodicioffy tey 00fy up~on imopeochoment, otod it coto toy, toot the citizeo foe comomittingf critme, boo otofy oto officer, os soch, foe the sole poepose of dopositioo from his office otod efifibility. Its jodgmets coo be eoforecd otofy bymen ofjtdicialfpocesfomothoe coorts of law, contrtuiog otodooct- itog opoto the judgootnt of the Setoote os toponooioto of the Stote. Otoe deposed feoto office by the jdmnte of the Senaotettooy be hepo from office otofy by oheouets, the powter of the Setoote beitof exboosoed by the reoditioo of its judgmoet. hot the jodgment of the! Seotote esves owilf toot ho ootfoeced by the coots, if the judgmentobe toot aorizoeid by the foot of the lotod, of wch tbe courts canoot eefose to deteeminte. The Setoote most booe joriodiction of the officoer ot it coto- toot tep him. ff the Setoote postpone the teiol tooa doy wh'eno the officee ceoses to eotist, it doob foethowith postpoteotoddioest it- teff of joeisdicion ooer the motter chorged, of poower ovee the ofoer, of the poweetoteodec o jodgment, otod thee is to othee foficol seqoenoce, io my jodgment, ohoto thot it postponest the oote 000 of its joeisdictioo, otod so ohere is toothing forthee upoo wh-ich the Setoote or court cato operto. Ito otber worodt, the oose is disotissed, gone ooot of exstenoce so effectooffy thot it ooaonot beaoohe agaio, too powerocatorestote it, otod the oooused disohoeged ftom the coustody of ohooooort. ftoocanoot betoaid with ooy degee of plaosibility thot the cotootitotionaof provisioo, thot the officer impeocheod shoff be I"Ideeomedouoderoorrestotod disqoobifed from peformiog otopof the doties of the offiot util oo'yoifbd by the Sesote," cottm- plates oto ooqtoittol otoly by o coote of "toot guilty." Anoofoifo?, ostooudesotondit, isoa dischorge byoirtuooof ony aotion of the Senaotemwhereby it refuses exopressly or othee- mist fuether to enttetaoin the cost ort act upoo it, toe which pfocet the cootne heyond its oeoch, oand by mbicbh ot toso fotoger atop poer 0r aothority' to retoder o judgmenot opoo the godlt toe no cetootofthe office. This Setoote hos ofteody estohfished this as the correctittr- pretatioo, ino the cote of the impeochment tof a high jodicial toffioter of this State, hy its v000 thot the protecuoton be ditonm- titoued otod the cost dismittoed. Upoo thit the officererestmed, mithot qotestion, the doties of hit office. If the cotntitottiotoal provisootooeferred to cototemplottes a vote of "toot goilty" or atop judgmet upoo the meerts tof the choeget, theo is the judge ef the Sioth Circoit st:f I suspenoded, atod itocalcotlable mischief snoconvoicted. It triesoand coocictsnofmrderoandof lceny upoo ao impeochmntt, otod 00 ato oppelfote cout it tes the rightsnoflboertyoondpropety,oand protountoces oandenfooces its juodgmentcsond deceestfoa'oand inceqoity. The Scnotc coo jodicioffy tey only upoo impeochmet, otod it coot toy, toot tbe citioeo fot commoitting coime, boo onlfy oto Officer, os soch, foe the nole poopooe of dopositioo from hit office otod efigibifity. Its jodgmonts coot bc cofoeced otofy bymen ofijudiciol pocessfrom the cootsoffoa, cotostroutog oaodoact- otog opoo the jodgmeot of the Secote os upont o fom of the State. Otot depooed from office by the judgmeot of thefSentetomay be hepo feooo office onofy by the corts, ohe poocr of the Setoote beitgeshoootedhbytheorenditiotoofits jdgmen. Buootbe jodgmentoofohel Senote eveon wtill notbe enforcedhby the courot,if she judgment be ntot authorized by the loin of the food, of mhicho the coott cototot efose to determine. The Setoote moss hosvejorisdictionoof the officereorit cto- toot toy him. ff the Senoote posopooe the triof tooa doy mben the officee cetocs to exst, it dlotb fotbmith postpotoeotoddivest t- teff of jorisdicioo oveo the mottee chorged, of power ooe the officee, of the poweo to retoder o jodgmet, ood theretis no othee logiclnsequenoce, intmy jodgmenot,thonothotit pospones' the cose 000 of its jorisdicioo, otod so there is toothitog fothee upono which the Setoote or couret coto opetote. Ito othee moods, the cose is dismiossed, gose out of existence so effectooffy ohot it cototot brethe agoio, too pomerecotorettote it, otod the occuted dischorged from the cuttody of ohe couret. Itconotobe soidmwithotoydegreeof plaooibiityobtaohe cotottitotiooof provisioo, ohot the officer impeached othofi be 11deemedotodereorrestoanddisqoolifed from perfoemiog onopof the dotiet of the office unotol ocqutted by the Secote," coottem- plotesotoacqoittofoofyhbyocote of "toot godoty." An cquii!,oslItuderstd i,istadischarge byoitueof oanyoctiono of the Senaotemwhereby it refose's expesfly or otoher- mise forther to etotetoit the cost e o ct opoo it, 00 wshich placet thecootoe beyood its reoch, otod by mhich it hot too fotogee atop ptower 00 oothority to tetodee o jodgmeot upono the guift 00ino cneof the officer, This Sentoot hot ofready estobliohed this ao the correct hntee- pretaoton, ino the case ef she impeochmetot tog a high jodicial nfficer tof thit State, bp its vote thot the protecuttioo he ditcoo- tinueod otod the cost dismisted. Upon this the tofficer oetomed, withouo qoestioo, the dutiet tof his office. If the ctoontiottiotoal provitioneferred to contemploten a vtote of "not guilty" toe atop jutdgmetont the meeits of the chargen, theo is the judge of the Sitoth Circuit0 stOl sutspeodeod, and incalculahle mischief  eCARETBA Eet INes LORIDA. 203 and wrng doe to the people by his suhsequent unauthorized ation. I amofsthetopinion, atndtItbnit that anypaction of the tribunal in question which preecludes afurther proceeding in the case peedieg hefore it, tecessarily stetminates the csa effetuatly as though it wsert dismisted isespests steeds. tt pets attend to thetcase absolutely, andecessaily dishags the party from the accent. Thetright toeatrialtontthe parteof the accused is as tacted as thetrighttotryesntsheparttef the acsr The poeto s suspend and pestne the teial and to esm it, depends spec the jutisdictien. The eight te attest ted sus- pesd fromeefficedependuponethe poeretotgive atral and to covc raeqeit. The Constitutien coetemspltaes a teial, and the poere to ty, tnet gene, alt the conseqeences of the actesa- teentease. A refusaltty is aefusal toenit. Without denying she poee ctaisted en the parttef she Heeseeof Lerdsseopoceed aisttssettesalaferta disseistien of theParliament and se concluetanyhbusinesshegun andsnt seotctuded, end net destyisgthe poettof the Senate to adjourn antdpespenthe trialeofan imspeahmetnt toa dayewhenitmay proceed to ty the officer acsesed, is is say judgstent that the pot- ponestent te a day sthee is still haseno jurisdititn of she etfieer is an ahsolte dismissal of the mnasser frome the feethereconsidera- siontoftheente, and adischarge of the acused nmestfetllse as astattertof test. Se, contlutding spen the premises stated, S mast span msy cenvictions of duty, say shat, in sty opinion, Goerenor Reed had the tight officially te selitit the opinien of the court, sthen- esee. after the adjoeurstent ef the Legislature, he sas t to eds so; that he had a lastful tight ahtersesh adjournent to eetsume the pnsteresd proeeed to the dischargeeof the dutiespeeaisigt the Executive Departetnt sthenevert he east fit. Yet tt wsca misc to addene the constitutional advisters of the Execatie upon the matter hefoetesoting te any measuee mhich wstuld hate disturhed the peace of the cotmaanity. Asnyhbreshren hatetoesnteethereonctsions asstothei duty; hate feonmed ashen opiniens as to the status of the pest ceeding in question, or that the Senate alote can detemne she effectf its actinehp an express declaratin, whilttcrgret tohe thliged Sn diffes teens them, I ast equallp ohliged, out of respeet to the tam, to cheefelly aehnestledge that sty conclasins ate eat legitimate, fee so the tenet decides. And I respect its npinins, as all good citizens shnald, nntwitstanding any differences nf peivate jadgment. Theconsel forthe Managtensead andhfied thefolloming: CARETBAGeeRULE Nt LORIDA. 203 and mrong done to the people hy his sehsequent unaathorized ation. ISastoftheepinion, andtIsuhmitsthat anp actionnf the srihunal in quession which precludes a fuether proceeding in the case pending hefoe it, ncessarily terminates the case as effectually as thoegh itstere dismitted is expeess steeds. Is pus an end to the case ahsolutely, aed ncessarily diseharges the patty from the attest. The right toastialntheparteof the actused is as sacted as the eight to tepeen the parteof the attuet. The points to suspend and postpone the trint and to resume it, depends upon the jurisdiction. The tight to attest and tat- pendfromeffficedependouponethe powerto gist a tial and to convist er asquit. The Constitetien consemplates a trial, and the postee to ty, tne goe, aSl the conseqenecs of the accusa- tioncteae. A refasalso tryisatrefusalstconit. Without denying the poer claimed en she past-of the House of Leeds to proceed at its nest sessioe after a dissoltion tf the Parhistent and to sonslueanyhbsiessmhegunandet sonsluded, and sot denying the poer of the Senate Se adjoare and postpone thetrialof an impeachmentsto adaymwhenitmay proceed to try the officer attued, it is my judgmentsthat the post- poeement so a day sthen it still hasesn jurisdition of she efficee is an ahselute disstissal of the statter feem she fte contesidera tioneofthebenate,and adisharge of she scented must followe as a statter of last. So, sonslading apse the premises stated, S mast upoe my consictions ef duty, say that, in my opinion, Goernoe Reed had the tight offitially so solicti the opinion of the court, sthen- esee, aftee the adjounmens of the Legislature, he east Sit te ds so; that he had a lastful eight aftecc sath adjournment to resame the powterand proceed ta the dischaegeeof she desies pertainingseo she Executive Departmens mhenever he nstw fit. Yes it man misetso addeess the conttctional advisere aftshe Executie upon she mattee heforeresoesing to any measure which mwould hate disturhed she peace of she commuetty. As myhbretheen hase cemeto othereconclusionsas to theie duty ;hate foermed osher spinies as so the states of she pee- ceeding in question, oe that she Senate alone can deteemine the effect of its actionehyan espeess declarain,mwhiletIsegretstohe ohbliged tn diffee feom them, I am eqsally ohbliged, eat of respect Sn the lam, so cheterfully achnomledge that my conclunions ate enst legitimate, fee so the teent decides. And S respeet its opinins, as aSl good ctienstshould,eetithstandipg any diffeeeees of peisate judgment. TheecounsetfortheManagesread andhled thefolowng: CARPETBAG RULE IN FLORIDA. 203 andmwrongdonettepeoplehyhieehbscquntsnaushorised action. ISastoftheopition, andtIsuhmit that snypactionof she teihunal is question whish precludee a furthec peoceeding in the ease pending hefore it, necescarily terminates she ease an effectually as though itstcre ditmissed incsxpressmwords. Is puts an end so she case ahseluely, and nesessaridy discharges the patty feem the attest.i Theerightstoa trialonsthe partof the attued is at netted as the tight to tepeen the parteof the assuser. The power so suspend and pospone the trial and to resume it, depends apse she jusdictien. The eight so attest end tan- pendfromsofficdpnd uonsthe powertto gist a trial and to convict or acqeit. The Constitution contemplates a tril, end she poer to try, sne gene, aSl the censeqauences of the accesa tioetease. A refusatsostryis arefusalsto neit. Withoet denyieg the poer slaimed en she pasteof the Hottesof Lordstoprosced asits nest sessieneafterta dissolutien of the Parliament and tn concludeenyheusinesshbeguanednt sonsluded, end net denying the powtee of she Seatesto adjoun and popoe the til of an impeachment so a day wehen it may proceed te tsp the officer ascesed, it is sty judgment that the pot- ponement te a day wthen it still hose no jerisditin of the effites is at aheelute dismistal of the mattee feem the furthertconsidea- dioneof thehSenate, and adicharge of she accused mustfollow as amatter of lam. So, tontluding apse she premiset stated, I mest apse my consictioss of dutytaysthatin sty epinionGoernor Reed had she tight officially to solicit the opinion of tht eases, when- ever, afset the adjournmens of she Legitlatue, he sam fit te ds so; that he had a lawful eight aftee sesh adjournment to resume the poereand proceed to the dischargeeof she dutiestpetainsing to she Exctsie Depaetment mheeer he tstw Sit. Yet ias mist to address the constituational advisers ef the Execusise span the mattes hefore resrting tn any meatue mhich mould hate dinturhed she peace of she community. AsTiyhbrethren havecomesto otherecoeclusionssasto theie duty ; hate feemed osher opinions ae so the states of she pen- eedieg ie qetion, at that she Senate alone can determtee the effectsof its actionehy an espress declaratin,mwhileregretstohb ohliged tn differ from them, S am equally ohliged, net of respecs to the lam, so cheefully achnowtledge that my enclusions ate enst legitimate, fee so the enact decides. And I respect its opinins, an all good citiazensshould, notmithstanding any diffeences of peisate judgment. Thencounsel forthe Managrseread and fled the following:  204 CARPETBAG RULERIN FLORIDA. Reoled, That the Assemblhy proceed this day at s2 mt. weith the peosecution of the trial of Haeeisatn Reed, and that the Man- agers atndcoastetsn the pact ef the Assemohlytahe ssch pee- ceediogs to secue the itmmediate attentdance sf State weitnesses as areecessaryasndprpergetoadaio thpemises. Adapted hy the Assembhly May a, t862. M. H. CLAY, Clehk tf the Assehbly. Mr. Wentworthstmoed that the Senate as a Hdigh Courttof Imopeaehsoeotfoe the teiat of Haeeisos Reed do ease adjoasts utlto-torroeeweatt12s. Which sas ageeedto Aod the Stoate as a High Couet adjouened. The eonspieasoes ease folly realizing the predicatment isto wshicht Day had got shoot, hy calling as ette session of the Legislatuee, hegant to cast all soets of epithets upon his devoted head. As a common-glace ohseevation, Reed had hilled twso hiedt weith see stone. The ittoance of his peoclamoation decla- ittg himoself Goseesoe had ncot osly pot his ease hefoee the couet, hot had so frightesed Day at to indue hits to call the tegisla- tsee togethee. tf the Legislataee had sot hees called togethee the cospiratoes weold have sacceeded, and Goceenoe Reed would haseremained soepended ontil the espieation of his teerm of office. A second cottcus oat held io the hotel, and Cessna, Johtsson, Stoess. Patasso, Wentoreth and seeal othees, as welas the authoreof tisork, weee geeseot, aod acontcueeet reou eo as agreed apse to eashed theoogh the Leogislatoe at atl haaeds. This resolation weas to ho preented as havineg pasted hoth H-otses at the 'sogolac eesios of the Legislature, sod Rat scoonted assa compglese anser to judge Esons' aegumseot hefoee the High Coart of JImpeachmoent, that the Senate hacing adjoutned to as ' imposesihle day," each adjornment oypeated as Rced's acqaittal. Os May Atd the day on which the High Cast of Impgeachment was to scoot, this teolutiansoatpgeosented hy Castes is the Assembhly, ad goosed wihout a dissesting sate. 'rho resalution ws immtediately reoreed to the Setate. Shortly after the reoalution seas reorted the High Coutt of tImpehmeens, aftesteceal foeliag-thate hy test cases as to hose she Sesatoet seould grobahiy vcote as Eseeoos'msetisa, the coert 204 CAs~REBAG ULEI LO RIDt, tA. Resslced, That the Assemsshy peoceed this day a tc os . swith the peosecutions tf the teial of Harrison Rood, asd that thte Mass- ageesasndescoselsonshe paet of the Assembhypsahe sash pea- ceediogs to secuee she imeodiate astendance of State weitness as ate ntecessary and proper to do is the pemises. Adapted hy the Assemobly May a, s86h2. M. H. CL~AY, Cloth of the Assemobly. Mr. Wentworth movedthatsthe Sencate assa High Courtsof Imspeachmoent foe the teial of Harrison Reed do ease adjasso util to-morrowoat12As, Which seas agreed so. Ansd the Sensate as a High Cases adjourned. The conspiratoes ease fatly tealizing the predicamsens ino wehich Day had got these, hy calintg so extra session of the Legislasuee, hegao to east all sats of epithets spas his devoted head. As a commtso-place ohsersatison, Reed had hilled two hieds seish see stao. 'The issuanoce of his proamsatianc dectat- itsg hismself Goseenoe had ot only pot his case hefooetshe cases, hot had so frightened Day as so ioduce hits to call the Legisia- tote together. If the Legislature had not heen called togethee the contspiratoes seould hose succeeded, aod Govetore Reed woultdhaseemaeinedesseededsadtl the expieatioaf hissteerm of office. A second cacus seas held is the hotel, and Cess, Johosson, Stearns, Postmss, Wetorth sod sevesal others, as weellstheoauthoreafthiseaorh,eeegeseet, and aconcuret seouto as agreed upon cc he cashed through the Legislature st all hazaeds. This resolution seas to he presented as havitg posted bath Hoses at the 'tegua sssion of the Legidlasure, ad seas lactated s a csomglete asero to judge Eseseos' argumset hefore the High Cases of Isogoachmtent, that the Seatse having adjourned so so "imossihie day," each adjoarnet ogeeated as Reed's acqaittal. Os May Ad she day 00 which she High Cases of Imeachmoents tso mteet. this ressluonat os presented hy Ces is ste Asemably, ad gassed weithout a disseninsg sate. The resalution as isediasely reportsed so she Senatse. Shoesly afte toie resolaon seas reported she High Cases of Imaptehmsent, aftesocoosi feeling-shots by toss cates as so hose the Seto ateseald prsbably ease as Ratasas'motiso, she cases 204 CARPETBAG ROLE IN FLORIDA. Reaelsed, That she Assembsly peoceed this day ate12oM. weith the prosecustions of the trdat of HarrisonRReed, sand that the Man- ageestaodscoselaontthe poet of she Assembhlytahe each pea- ceedinsgs so secsre she isemediae attentdance of State weisoesses assae necessaey sod yroper to do ino the premoises. Adapted hy she Assesehlg Mayo2, 1862. M. H. CLss, Cloth of she Asseombly. Mr. Wentworthmoeodsthatthe Senate assa High Courtof tImpeachehont foe she trial of Haeeisaon Rood do too adjassR sotil t-morrows at so N,5. Which seas ageed to. And the Sesate as a High Cost adjoureod. The coospirtors 000 fully reatiziog sho peedicsaceos ino which Day had gas shots, by colliog ao extra session of the Legislasure, begao to east sit sorts of epithets spas his devosed head. As a ecmmon-plae observatiaon, Reed had hilled to hirds weith sote stao. The issuansceof his proaatidon declar- iog hiomself Goseenor had ass only gas his case befao she couaet, hot had so frigbteoed Day ato sonduce hits to call she Legisla- tote togethee. tf she Legisltsse had not hesn called togethee she cospieatoes would hose succeeded, cod Gaveor Reed wousldhave remaioed sespeoded sotil she tegpieation of his teos ofaoffice. A secood caucus seas hold in the hotel, sod Cess, Johnsaon, Steaoos. Puetmas, Weonsearth sod seteral sote, as welltas the auhorafshiswarh,eepese, sod aeconcuret seouto as agreed agan cc he eushed theough the Legislturse at allhazards. This resteon seas to he gresented as hasing passed both Hoasses as sbe'eegsloo session of she Legislatuee, sod seas inveoted as a comptete aswer ta jadge Emmsae ' orgumsent heforetshe High Court af Imspeachenst, that she Sensato havciog adjourned so as 'impoasible day," such adjaaornetopragted as Reedes acquistol. On May 3td, she day 00 which the High Cast of tmpcmentco was sa msees, this reolutaion seas preented hy Cessnasio ste Assebly, aed goosed wisbuassdisenodng sate. Theresalioniaweasimedieyreportedtothefeate. Shortly after she resolution oat reporsed she High Coat of Iompeachmeteo, ahoeseeosifaebog-shsby test cases asstohowe the Seto ateould grohably ease as Emsmons' seosion, she cases  CAR PRTBAG RULE IN FLORIDA. 2R5 adjournedountil 5n'locks P. tm. Ascsoon as thecout adjourned the astte PattoaR, chairmnR of the jodieciary Committee, knotw- ing this resolution to be soeh aglaing fraud, did not dare repot itotsan impotantctatter,hbtepoted it aong central others tsot bills, the resolotion being the lat in the enouoeration. Those hilts and resolotions weee ohjected to by John A. Hendee- son and McCaskill, Deneoceats. Heodeeton looked at Psemnta andesmiled, andethenerose and movedethat theeresoltionkbelaid n the table, which was uanimoosly eaeeied. The fotloning is the resolutioR BSeitResolveddby thelAssemby,othe oonat onetg, That the jooenal of the Atsetobly foe the Ieath day of Pebeoary, 1872, heoected by insetting the follotwing concoreneteeesolutioc tehich patted ehis Hooee an that day hot oat by mstahe omitted ftom the jouenal; alto that the Senate journal of the sth day of Febeoary he coetected in like mannee by the inseedion of the said joint tetolution, mhich eeads at follows, viz: Resolced by the Assembly, the Senate coeeeecttg, That the ptretent sess ion of eke Legislatuee shall be-adjouened sine die on Monday, the 19th instaet, at to o'clock, meridian, and ehe pre- siding oS/scees of both hooses shall at that hoot doctare their tespective Hooses to adjooreed. Resoelved, further, Thait shoold the preent tession of the Leg- itlatuoeeadjourninte dielbefore the trial of Hareison Reed, Goe- tenet, it completed, the acting Goceenoe it teqoetted to colt a syeciat sessioofortepurpoeeofproceedigwithesaid tial, wehenteerthe managers on the pat of the Astembhly and Hat- rison Reed, Goveenor, shall notify eke Secretaty of State, in writing that they ate teady foe trial, 00 at soonheeafere at pot- Aftet the exposition oftois tetolution eke Democeatic mom- beet of the Senate thooght it expedieot to inetigate the octs and doings of honet Cessn. Joho A. Henderson had moved aoesolotion totheoeffect, and asthe dicharge of Goenor Reed mated hot on the paetof the contpirators he thooght the timte had ariedtwentothe Democeats shoold kowwhatstestintoe foe them in cato Day thoold temoin Goernot. The fotlowing reflected the yalicy of Day and his folloctets: CARPETBAG RULE IN FLORIDA. 2te CARPETBAG RULE IN FLORIDA. 205 odjootned ontil 5 o'etoch P. mo. As coon as the coort adjouned the astote Poemac, chaitmac of the judiciary Committee, knowt- ing this tesolodoon to he toch a gtaring fraad, did not date tepoet it as animportantemattte,tbuteepotetditamongcseealothes at lost bitlls, the tetolution being the tact in the enumetotion. These hills and retolutiont mete objected to by John A. Hendee- son acd McCaskilt, Demostats. Henderson looked at Poemoc and totted, and then tote ond moved that the tetolotion he laid on she table, tehich teat unanimously cartied. The following is eke tesolotion: BeeSt Reolvfed by the Aasemby, the Senateecncurring, That she joueoal of tke Assembly foe the s2ek day of Febtuaty, 1872, be coreected by onserting eke following concurrenteresoloion tehich passed this Hooseacn that day hot cat by mistake omitted from eke joutnal; alto that the Senate journal of the 16th dap of Pebruary ho coreted in like moncer by the insetion of she said jointesolution,twhichtreadstasfolloe, viz: Resolced by the Assemby, the Seenate cencrrig, That the pesent session of eke Legislatr shall be-adjouroed tine die oc Monday, the1th iostaot, ato2o'cloc, meidian, and theopre- siding oicees of both houses shall at that hose declae their respectiveHooses soadjourned. Retehved, fortde, That should the preetentsestion of eke Leg- islate adjournaioe die beforethe trial of Harrison Reed, Goo- ernot, itocompleted, theacting Goeor is requested so calla special session orethe prpose of pocedingwih said trial, wthentevet the managees an the pat of eke Astseobly aod Hae- titan Reed, Gocetot, shall notify eke Secretaty of State, ic meiting that they ate teady foe thiat, ot at soon thereafter as pos- sible. Aftee eke exposition of this resolotion the Democeatic mem- hoers of the Senate thought is eopedient to investigate the acts and doings of hoetCessna. John A. Hendersonchad moved a tesolution to the effect, and asteedischarge of Goveenor Reed mooed hot onthe partof the conspirators he thooght the time had orrivedmwheothe Democratsshould knowewhatwastintoe foe them in cast Day should remain Goeeno. The followting collected eke policy of Day and his lollowes: adjootnod antil 5 o'clock P. to. An cooc as the eoort adjouened the astute Poeman, chaitmac of she judiciary Committee, know- icg this resolution so he sack a glating fraud, did not date toepoet it as aimpotant maer, trported itmog sevealohes as lost hills, eke rtesolution being the last in the enumetatioc. These hills and otesolotions tere objected to by John A. Hendee- coo and McCaskill, Demtocrats. Hendeeson looked at Putman and smiled, and thenoeeand moved thatetheesolution be laid on eke eable, wehich teas uanimously caetied. The folloming is the tesolution: Be it -eolvedhby the Assemby, theSenate cnceedeng, That the jootnal of the Assembly foe the 1ts day of Febtuaty, 1872, be corrected by ineroting the following cocurrentesolution mbich patted this House an that day hoe was by mistake omitted loom the jootnal; alto that she Sonate jotrnol of the ebeth day of Febroary be corrced in like manner by the inseotion of the said joint tesolution, woich toads at followso, cio. BReetlcod by the Assemby, the Sente concurrindg, That the preseot sessioo of the Legidlature shall beoodjoutned thee die oc Monday, the syth instaot, as so o'clock, meidian, and the pee- tiding offierts of both houotes shall at that hoot declate theit tespeceive Houses to adjouroed. -Reol/ed, foetde, That shoold the present setssion of the Leg- islate adjoorn oine die btefore the trial of Hatriton Rood, Gon- erois completed, eke actiog Coveenor it requested to call a special session foe the purpose of proceeding teith said trial, whteeeothe mangers 00 eke part of the Attcotbly nd Har- rison Reed, Coseecot, shall notify eke Seceteary of Seote, in wreiting that they ate ready foe trial, 00 as soot thereabtet as pos- sible. ASt0r she enposition of this tesolution eke Democrasic mem- hoers of the Senate ehoaght it expedient to inestigate the acts and doingseof honest Cessna. John A. Hendeesoohad moved atoesolutionsto the effect, and as tedischargo of Governor Reed waxed hotonothe partofecospiatorske thooght the time had arriced when the Hemostats shouldhkow wehat teas in store lot them in ease Day should tomain Goveecot. The following teglected else policy of Day and his fomoers;  2o6 CARPETBAG RLEtNFLORID. SENATE CHAMER, TO TE SEATE: TALLAHAnSEE, FLA., May 4, 1872.j Yoar aotmtmittee, appointed under a resolatian af tha Sen- ate, af date the ad inttant, it woaeds at falloto: Mr. tHendeesannmaves the appaintmtent of a opecialcaom- ntitteaf three, n-ho tholl exantine the pay eolls of the Seoate and Assetobly of the last sessioo, and also thotstatents, returnst and payprollsnof thetseveal commnitteet of the Senate and Astentbly which hoot hoeen returned to the Cotoptrolleots office, andereportoupon thaiousoeefuals to allow pay inoeverycase, andoupon thecesooftsuspendedpay io eerycase, andho maode a veehal repoet of the tatot day, desire to suhomit the fat- fotoingereport: That the appeopeiation to WV. E. Boeleigh, foe pay no clerh of the Inveetdgating Commnittee of the foot oessioo, appointed to enquireeinto the tales of the Peonaola, Georgia ad Tallahassee Raileoad: of Hamtilton Joy, at cleek of the Assembhfyjudiciary Cooooi'tee, and of Leeoy D. tBall, at cerek of the Asseothly Conmmittee, to eoanmine the hoohs of the State Teeasuee and Conmpteollee, were disallotwod by the Speakoer of the Assemt- hly, on theppeyofltsasnmade out, hecause I"Ithecseecicet ofosuch clerko foe thete conmmittees woeee not authoeizedhby the Atoem- That the janitoet of the loot sossion tere not hore on the payerols,and consequoentweeonotpaid, becauoeethese attachet wrnot hy namte included in tho Appeopriation Bill, andod se quently' coold nothbepaid. We aee natiofied that the janitoro were in reguar atten- dancetwith the kowl-edge of each House, and ought to hate been paid. WeaefurtheeoSatisfied tat the clerkstafoeoaid, o ome of themo,did seeve,hbuthotetnuohowecannotoay. Otithisttuhject we canoot omoit to toy that io additin to the applhcation of W. E. Botleigh, foe pay at oleeh of the Raileoad toceotigating Comomittee, $ofo hat alto beeo paid to Me. Botet foe lihe toer- eicet, andthoeosumoOf $a7o hasoheenopaid to F. A. Docheap foe The nulhiplicity of cleehs ahout the capitol doeing the tee- soat well at io vacatioo, teho nee cooplayed woithoot authoeity of late, and n-ho prestt foe eecognition nd paymnt hy appeopri- atiaon of the Legiolatuee it a geow-ing eeil, and calfls foe oat nnqualifed ditappeohation. Your conmmittee have foood ate tuopeoded claimo io the office of the Comtnrolle, comng toithio the tcopt of oat tooolu- tlan, at fallots: In a "'otatemnt of expentet incured hy the Assetohly Commoittee appoioted to investigate the sale of the SNEo CHAotonR, TALLAnotSEE, FLA., May 4, t87t. TO TE SENATE: Your comtnnittee, appointed nnder a teoltution of the Sen- ate, of dote the ad iottant, in words no follos: Me. Hlendersonmoes theoappointment of a specialtcoto- eniteeeof thee, oho thall enatnine the pay eals of the Seonate and Asemnbly of the latesotion, and alto the statetoeto, eeturnt and pay rollsnof theseveral commnittees of the Senate and Assetmhly twhich hate he en retuened to the Comtptrolle's office, andereportnuponheaiousneefuals to allotnpay inoeverycase, andoupon the catetof suspeded payinteeycase, andn-ho enade a erehal repoet of the tstme day, deoiee to tohbtit the fof- fneeingereport: That the appeopeiation to Wt. E. Boefeigh, foe pay at clerh of the Investigating Commtittee of the last session, appoioted to enquire into the tales of the Penoacola, Geoegia andt Tallahassee Raideoad; of Halaton Jay, at cletk of the Atoembhly judiciaey Contni'tee, and of Leroy D. Ball, at clterk of the Assembhly Commoittee, to enxtmine the hooho of the State Totatotee and Conmpteoller, n-ere ditallon-ed hy the Speahee of the Assent- Sly, on the paypeollstastmade oot, hecatse "'thetercicestof oath cleeho foe thete commnitteet n-ere not authorized hy the Atsoem- That the janitoto of the lastsessoi00tenot horne ton the payerollt,and cotsequentdynweenot paid, hecauoe theseattaches wrnot hy nan-e included io the Appropriation Bill, atd cne quently coold not he paid. We ate satitfied that the janitort n-ere it tegutlat atten- dancen-ith theoknowlfedge of oath Hloute, and ought to hate heen paid. We ate furthee tatitfied that the cleeht aforesaid, ot tome of them-,didtoere,houtho-mchn-e canotay. fonthisotuhject tee cannot omtit to tap that io additioo to tho application of W. E. Boreigh, toe pap at clteSk of the Raileoad Ionvestigating Conmnittee, $26o hat alto Seen paid to Me. Bon-et foe lihe tee- vicet, nd theoSUM-Of $27o hasoheen paid to F. A. Docheny for The muoltiplicity of ceres ahoot the capitol doeing the tot- tion, asnwellfasinoacatio,who ae eoyedithoutoathoity of fan-, and n-ho prett foe recognition aod payn-ent hy appeape- atiot of the Legielatoe it a frown-lg telil, and calos foe one onqoalified ditapprohatiot. Youe commoittee hoot foood one toopended claitm in the office of the Comepteollee, comting n-ithin the scope of oat retolu- tion, at follon-o In a ostatemteot of topeotes incueted hy the Astem-bly Cotittee appoioted to invettigate the tale of the 2o6 CARPETAGRUL IN LORIDAO. SENoTE CHAnBER, TAtAASoo, SeA., Mlay 4, t8fa. Youe committee, appointed onder a reolution of the Sen- ate, of dato the ad instant, in w-ords no followst Mr. Henderson Movesnthe appointmtentofa pecialomo- m-iteeenftheee, n-ho ohall exam-ine the pay eals of the Senate and Assetmbly of the laotttettion, and alto thetstatemtents,etns and payerollsof theeealcommnitee of the Senate and Asembely twhich hate Seen returned to the Cotoptrollet's office, anderepoetnupon theaioee efusls to allotopay in ecerepcate, andouponothe caesnof totpeoded payinoeveeycaoe, andn-ho mode a eehal tepoet of the tate day, detiee to tsuooio tho fob- fon-ing report: That the appeopeiation to WV. E. Batfeigh, foe pay at clterk of the Investigatiog Conmnittee of the foot teosslot, appoioted to enquiee into the talet of the Peotacola, Geoegia and Tallahatoee Railroad; of Hanmilton Jay, no clerk of the Assembhly judiciary Con-nietee, nd of Leroy D. Ball, at clterk of the Asosemhly Commilote, to exaomiot the hooko of te State Tesuet and Compteollee, wete ditallon-ed by the Speaker of the Assetm- Sly, onothe payerollsasmade ot, hecause 'Ithe seevicestof such cleekt foe thete commoitteet wtere not authoeized by the Aooemt- Sly.', That the janitoet of the lastoseoionn-ereonotbore on the pap rolts, aod cootequetoly were not paid, because theseattaches weenot by nanme included i0 the Appropriation Bill, anod se quently could notbe poid. We ae tatiofied that the janitoo n-ere in regolae atten- doncen-ith thehkowledge of each Hoote, and ought to hace Seen paid. Wenaefaetheesatitfiedohat the clerksoafoeaid, ot somteof themt,didseeve,hbtho-nmuchn-e canota. Oo thitosuject n-ocannot omoit to toy that in additioo to the applicatioo of W. E. Boefeigh, lot pap no clteSk of the Railroad Inv-etigating Comtotee, $a6o hat alto Seen paid to Me. Bon-et foe like tee- vicet, nd doe onto Of $27o hasoheen paid to F. A. Doohtay for The mtiplicity of cleeko aboot the capitol dooiog the tet- soat n-elf at in vacation, n-ho ate eteyloped twithoot authority of late, and n-So pesto foe eecognition and papymeot by appeopeb- 01100 of oho Legislatore it a growng toil, nd calts foe ooe nqoalfied ditappeobation. Your con-nitoe hace foood ate totpeoded claim in the office of the Con-pteolle, comng wtohin the scope of oat reolu- lion, no folowso In a ''otaten-ent of topenoet incoeeed by the Atsen-bly Con-nittee appointed to inestigate the oafle of the  CARPETBAG RULE IN FLORIDA. 207 CARPETBAG RULE IN FLORIDA. 207 Pensacola and Georgia and Tallahassee Railroad, January session, 1872, between January 12 and February 8, 27 days," are the fol- lowing items: To F. A. Dockray, clerk, 27 days, at $to per day, $270; to F. A. Dockray, witness, 4 days, at $3 per day, $12; mileage, $18; actual expenses allowed in lieu of mileage, $30; to F. A. Dockray, 14 days at $2o, expenses incurred in Washington and New York investigating testimony produced before the committee preliminary to session of the Legislature, $240; United States currency, $28o, which was certified "tcor- rect," by order of committeee, and signed W. K. Cessna, chair- man. The last item in this bill had been suspended by the Comptroller, because it was not expenses incurred by authority of the Legislatureor of either branch, andnot covered or included by the appropriation. It would be injustice to fail to say, that while this committee were making their investigations, Mr. Cessna called at the office of the Comptroller, and having obtained leave of the Comptroller, withdrew this statement and cancelled this last item, stating that his approval was not intended to certify its payment, but that it was his idea that the voucher would be the certificate of correctness upon which payment would be made, and that he had declined to sign such voucher. Very respectfully, JOHN A. HENDERSON, ROBERT MEACHAM. Osborn and his conspirators now exposed, outgeneraled and utterly confounded, could be seen, night and day flying from Democrat to Democrat, beseeching them most solemnly to enter into a combination with them to save them and their chief from disaster and disgrace, and in consideration of their support the conspirators were to divide all the offices of the State equally with them. The Democrats, remembering the Ross-Johnson- Christy trick, contemptuously declined. The Democrats and Governor Reed's Republican friends granted them only one request, which was to adjourn the High Court of Impeachment from day to day so as to give the conspirators ample time to prepare for death-for it was a dreadful thing for them to die by Harrison Reed ascending the throne. The following proceed- ings of the court will show how the conspiracy was crushed out, and the rightful Governor sustained: Pensacola and Georgia andTallahassee Railroad, January session, 1872, between January 12 and February 8, 07 days," are the fol- lowing items: To F. A. Dockray, clerk, 27 days, at $10 per day, $270; to F. A. Dockray, witness, 4 days, at $3 per day, $12; mileage, $18; actual expenses allowed in lieu of mileage, $30; to F. A. Dockray, 14 days at $20, expenses incurred in Washington and New York investigating testimony produced before the committee preliminary to session of the Legislature, $240; United States currency, $28o, which was certified "cor- rect," by order of committeee, and signed W. K. Cessna, chair- man. The last item in this bill had been suspended by the Comptroller, because it was not expenses incurred by authority of the Legislature'or of either branch, and not covered or included by the appropriation. It would be injustice to fail to say, that while this committee were making their investigations, Mr. Cessna called at the office of the Comptroller, and having obtained leave of the Comptroller, withdrew this statement and cancelled this last item, stating that his approval was not intended to certify its payment, but that it was his idea that the voucher would be the certificate of correctness upon which payment would be made, and that he had declined to sign such voucher. Very respectfully, JOHN A. HENDERSON, ROBERT MEACHAM. Osborn and his conspirators now exposed, outgeneraled and utterly confounded, could be seen, night and day flying from Democrat to Democrat, beseeching them most solemnly to enter into a combination with them to save them and their chief from disaster and disgrace, and in consideration of their support the conspirators were to divide all the offices of the State equally with them. The Democrats, remembering the Ross-Johnson- Christy trick, contemptuously declined. The Democrats and Governor Reed's Republican friends granted them only one request, which was to adjourn the High Court of Impeachment from day to day so as to give the conspirators ample time to prepare for death-for it was a dreadful thing for them to die by Harrison Reed ascending the throne. The following proceed- ings of the court will show how the conspiracy was crushed out, and the rightful Governor sustained: CARPETBAG RULE IN FLORIDA. 207 Pensacolaand Georgia andTallahassee Railroad, January session, 1872, between January 12 and February 8, 27 days," are the fol- lowing items: To F. A. Dockray, clerk, 27 days, at $10 per day, $270; to F. A. Dockray, witness, 4 days, at $3 per day, $t2; mileage, $18; actual expenses allowed in lieu of mileage, $30; to F. A. Dockray, 14 days at $20, expenses incurred in Washington and New York investigating testimony produced before the committee preliminary to session of the Legislature, $240; United States currency, $280, which was certified "cor- rect," by order of committeee, and signed W. K. Cessna, chair- man. The last item in this bill had been suspended by the Comptroller, because it was not expenses incurred by authority of the Legislature'or of either branch, andnot covered or included by the appropriation. It would be injustice to fail to say, that while this committee were making their investigations, Mr. Cessna called at the office of the Comptroller, and having obtained leave of the Comptroller, withdrew this statement and cancelled this last item, stating that his approval was not intended to certify its payment, but that it was his idea that the voucher would be the certificate of correctness upon which payment would be made, and that he had declined to sign such voucher. Very respectfully, JOHN A. HENDERSON, ROBERT MEACHAM. Osborn and his conspirators now exposed, outgeneraled and utterly confounded, could be seen, night and day flying from Democrat to Democrat, beseeching them most solemnly to enter into a combination with them to save them and their chief from disaster and disgrace, and in consideration of their support the conspirators were to divide all the offices of the State equally with them. The Democrats, remembering the Ross-Johnson- Christy trick, contemptuously declined. The Democrats and Governor Reed's Republican friends granted them only one request, which was to adjourn the High Court of Impeachment from day to day so as to give the conspirators ample time to prepare for death-for it was a dreadful thing for them to die by Harrison Reed ascending the throne. The following proceed- ings of the court will show how the conspiracy was crushed out, and the rightful Governor sustained:  208i CARPETBAG RULE IN FLORIDA. HI GH COURT OF IMPEACHMENT, POUR O'CLOCK P. M High Cooet of Impeachment met pursoant to adjourts- The Chief justice in the chair. The poll wRs called and the folloewiog Seoatoos answered to their naes: Messes. Adotot, Atkinss, Coawford, Denois, Eagan, Hender- soE, Hill, Hont, Johnson, Kendrick, McKinon, Meacham, McCaskill, Putoan, Sutton, Weehs aod Wentspaph-s7. Aqorumn present. The Seegeost-at-Aems mode proclamoation. The managers, with counsel, ond the counelP for respondent, appeaeed iR court. The argumsent tofounsel wa Sooocloded. Mr. Dennis offered the follosping as a sobstitote foe the oedee of Mr. Henderson: Ordeeed, That the Assembly is heeeby notified that the Seo- ate wsill continue to sit as a High Court of Impeachmetst foe the triot of Harrison Reed, Goveeor, atsd that the mansagees are hereehyereqoieedtoproceed with the prosecution of the Aricles of tmpeachment presented by them. Me. Billings mooed to iay the ordee of Me. Deonit oR the tahle. The yeas atsd Days wpeee called foe w'ith the followsing resolt: Those voting in the offirmatiseowere: Metsrs. Billings Ceawford, Eagan, Hendertots, Hont, Johnson, Kendeick, McKinnon, McCaskill and SuttoN-tn. Those voting in the negative were: Messes. Adams, Atkins, Dennis, Hilt, Meaoham, Poemao, Weehs and Weotworth -8. So the motion spas laid opons the tahle. Me. Paemats mooed that theeroom be cleared foe the puepone of deliheratioE. The yeas and Rays were called for with the following result. Thoso voting its the affirmative woere Messrs. Adams, Athios, Detsnis, Hilt, Meacham, Pueman, Weehs atsd WeRnspoth-fi. Those voting its the negative spere Messes. Billings, Cpaspford, Eagan, Hetsdeesots, Mont, Johnson, Kendrich, McKinotst, McCaskill aod Sottots-to. So the motiots spas Rot ageeed to. Me. Dennis offeeed the followsing order: 2H8 CARPETBAG RULEINPLORIEA. 0100 COURT OF IMPEACHMENT, POUR O'CLOCK P. H. High Court of Impeachment met pursuant to adjourn- The Chief justice its the chair. The roll spas called atsd the follow-ing Setsators answpeeed so their enames: Mensers. Adams, Athis, Craspfoed, Dennit, Eagats, Hendee- non, Hilt, Hnt, Johsn, Ketsdeich, MoKitston, Meacham, McCoakill, Puemats, Suttots, Weeks and Wentspoeh-s 7. Aqoreum peesetst. The Seegeast-at-Aems made peoclamations. The managees, spith counsel, atsd the counsel foe eespondent, appeared its conet. The aegumenst of countsel spas cOoladed. Me. Denois offered the follosping as a sobstitute foe the order of Me. Henderson:~ Ordered, That the Assembly is beeeby notified that the Sen- ate spilt continue to sit as a High Court of Impeachmet foe the triot of Haeeison Reed, Governoe, atsd that the matsagees are hereehyerequiredtoproceed with the peosecationsof the Articlen of Impeachment presensted by them. Me. Billiogs mooed to lay the oedee of Me. Deotsis ots the table. The yeas and tsays spere catted foe milk the following result Those voting in the affiematice spere Mensers. Billins Ceawfoed, Eagan, Henderson, Host, Johnson, Ketsdrick, McKitnnon, McCaskill and Satton-to. Those voting in the negative wee Messes. Adams, Atkins, Dennis, Hilt, Meacham, Puemats, Weeks and Wentwporth- 8. So the motion wsa laid upon the tahle. Me. Puemats mooed that theeroom he cleaeed forethe puepose of deliheeation. The yeas and Days wpeee catted foe spith the follosping resut. Those voting in the affiemative spere: Messes. Adams, Atkins, Dents, Hilt, Meacham, Poeman, Weeks atsd Wetsoth-S. Those noting in the negative were: Messes. Sittings, Ceawfoed, Eagan, Hendeeson, Hunt, Johnson, Ketsdrick, McKinnon, McCaskill atsd Sutton-so. So the motion spas not agreed to. Me. Dennis offered the followping oedee: 2n8 CARPETBAG RULE INPLORIEA. HIGOH COURT OP IMPEACHMENT, FOUR O'CLOCK P. H. High Coops of Impeachment met puesuantstouadjouts- The Chief justice its the chaie. The rollspascaled and the folowping Senators anspered so their names: Mensers. Adams, Atkins, Ceaspford, Detsnis, Eagan, Hendee- sn, Hilt, Hutst, Johnson, Kendrick, McKinon, Meacham, McCaskill, Pueman, Sutn, Wenks and Wentsporth-17. A quom peesent. The Seegeattat-Aems made peoclamatios. The managees, spith counsel, and the counsel foeeresposdetst, appeaeed its court. The aegumettof counsel wspa concluded. Me. Dennis offeed the following as a sobstitute foe the oedee of Me. Hendeeson: Orsdeeed, That the Assembly is hereby notified that the Sen- ate spilt continue to sit as a High Court of Impeachment foe the trial of Haeeison Reed, Goceenoe, and that the managees ae hereby required to peoceed spith the peosecution of the Aeticles of tmpeachment peesented by them. Me. Billings mooed to lay the ordee of Me. Dennis on the table. The yens and nays spee catted foe wpith the follosping resut : Those votieg in the affiemative were: Messes. Billings Censpfoed, Eagan, Hendersos, Hoot, Johnson, Kendrick, McKinnon, McCaskill and Sotots-sa. Those Toting its the negative were Messes. Adams, Atkins, Dennis, Hilt, Meacham, Paemats, Weeks and Wentwporth- 8. So Ike motiots spas laid upots the table. Me. Pueman mooed that the room he cleared for the puepose of delibeeation. The yeas and noays wpeee catted foe spith the following result. Those noting its the afiremative were Messes. Adams, Atkins, Dennis, Hilt, Meacham, Puemats, Weeks atsd Wentspoesh-O. Those noting in the negnateve were: Messes. Sittings, Ceaspfoed, Eagan, Hendeeson, Hunt, Johnson, Kendeick, McKienon, McCaskill and Suttuts-so. So the motion spas not agreed so. Me. Dennis offeeed the followring oedee:   HARRISON REED. HARRISON REED. HARRISON REED.  CARET13AGt RULtINtLORIDA. 209 Oedered, That futleecontideration of the mteoion be pot- poeed until Mondayat12Oe'cloc. Mer. McCaskill tooted thot the mtotion be haid uon the tahle. The yeos oetd roys wtere colled lee, ewith the following Thoeo ting it the olhetoitiewre Mesrs. Adoams, Athins, Billings, Croeeford, Eogoe, tHeodeecen, Hill, Hoot, Johcnsoe, Kendeith, McKinnon, Moothoam, McCashill, Suton Weeht ted Weeewooeh-dS. Me. Dennis vetiog in the negativt. So the oetion was ld uon the tohle. Uyon theeoriginaloredeof Me. Hendeeson, The yeos ond noyt wee coiled fee oith the followting These eotiog in the offiermotitewe: Meesrs. Billioge, Ceoawfoed, Eagoo, Heodeecon, Hoot, Johnon, Keodeich, McKinnoo, McCoshill ond Sotoc-ce. Thece vetieg it the negotive Otto eers. Adoams, Athins, Hill, Meochoam, Putmaon Weehs ted Wetwoeh-t. So tloe oedee wasc aopted. The Chief justice thee declaeed, 00 0 legal ceetequence of the aopeion oftoaidorder, Hateison Reed, Coeror, dischaeged freom custedy. The Senate tchmee eas poohed to oerflowting, hoth eeith the excited friendsof Gereer Reedoandthoeeoftheeco- spirtteos during the eoll-coll pe the mottion to dischaoge the Gocv- tror, ond the csut epectatoe could reeodily dittinguish the ec- tending foctione hy their demeaor at the tell wasc peoteeded with. Wheneter a Senaor wold onster yet, as hit ooamewa ecaloted, the conepirators oed theie freneds eeold flinch ted dodge as though they eee engaged in a stiff ekitrmish lioe of haetlo eeich Reedoand hit friends, ted eoehecontending foe eeetntefiigoat the odvaocing tolueen, hoe ot hit individuot manc. Wheo the noame of Deceit Eagan, of Modison, eeot teethed, ted he onsteted yea, Cessno, the chaietman of theBoerd -of Macogece, thee hit honde across hit headoand eeregthemaothogh he waoetuffeig themotoeeeruiatieg pic. Puctman roo to pre- vene the Seceetory froom retuening the. tote oc rcorded, hot the Chiefjusticeepoid no ottettiotohimt, and ordeeed theevoteto hereturned. When the Chief jusceanoncoed thot Governor Reed eeas dischoeged, meno coldhbe toe it eery dircetion tot- 14 Oedee, Thot fuetherecnideration of the moetion he pee- poeedountilMondayoae 2clock. Me. McCoehill moved thee the mtoln he laid uoe ehe tahle. The yeas oed toys eee toiled foe, eeith ehe folleeeing Thece volic5 in ehe ofileelitewe: Messre.Adamst, Aehins, Billings, Ceaored, Eagane Hendeeson, Hill, Hoot, Johnson, Kendeith, Mc~innone Meothamt, MctCoskill, Soteon Weehs ted Weeeeoth-tS6. Mt. Deenie voting intehe negotive. So the motion was laid uon the tahle. Uyon eheeeriginal ordertof Mr. Htendeeson, The yeas and Boys eee tolled fee wth the folloeeing result : Those voting in the offireeatieere Meccee. Billinge, Craored, Eagan, Henderscn, Hoot, Johnson, Kendrich, MctKinnon, MctCashill oed Settee-ce. Those votieg in the negotieer: Mettre. Adaeme, Aehine, Hill, Meochoae, Poetoec Weeks ond Wtweeoeh-7. So the order wasc adopeed. The Chiet Justcet hee decltred, as a legat ceoequece of the adopeion of told order, Hotricen Reed, Goeoter, dichored from cuseody. The Senate chaereeeo pothed to oerefleeing, hoth wtith theeetittd feiendsf Governor Reedoandthoeeof teho- spiroeors doring ehe roll-coll put the motcion to discharge the Gov- oetnor, oed the cocual epetor could teadily dictinguish the toe- tending faetions hy cheit demteaor as the tolt waos proteeded weith. Whenever a Senator eeould anster ye0, os his ntaeewa eclede the conspiraors ted eheir feiende would lotch ond dodge oc though they wee engaged it a ceiff shirmeith lice of hattle eeith Reedoand hit fiends,oand eoth contendieg feeeonot firigoat the advoncing columen, hoe at hit indicidual manc. Whoe he naeof Deecis Eagon, of Madison, wasoreotoed, oed ho ansereed yea, Cesnaeheochaimanof theflBoerd-of Motogeco, thee hit honds atoocs hit heodoand wruengthemeascthough he waoteuffeigethemoettexcrucioting pin. Peoceocraocto pee- et the Secrtootoyfeome turneing the tote at recorded, hot the Chief justice paid 00 atetioneeco hiee, ted ordered the vote to heotetred. Whet the Chief justice onnoueced thoc Goenor Reedcwascdiseharged, menotlodhobeoieeneerydiectoe-m 14 CARPTBA tUL t IN ett 0LRDA09 Ore-dred, Thot forthereteniderotiee of the mottiot ho pet- poced util Mondoyoata 12ooct. Mer. MctCashill mooted thee the mtione he laid uon the tohle. The yeas oed Btyc ere tolled fee, eeith the tolloeeing Thoe tielg in the offoteleicewe: essre. Adaems, Athinc, Billings, Crteefoed, Ragon, Hendterson, Hill, Hune, Johnson, Ktendtich, Mc~innon, Meothamt, McCoshill, Settee Weeks and Woetoth-ef6. Me. Denniteeotieg it the negative. So the moetion eos teed uon the tahle. Uyon the originalerderef M. Heederson, The yeas ted Gays were tolled foe with the followineg Those voting 10 the tffirmaotitewe: Messes. Billings, Croeefoed, Eagan, Heodetso, Hoot, Johetoe, Rendeich, McIhinnon, MctCatsil ted Settee-co. Thote voting in the tegatiewr Messes. Adamse, Athinc, Hill, tMeachaee, Putmanc Weehc ted Weeteeoth-7. St the oeder wasc adopted. The Chief justice thee deolteed, os a left1 coecequece of the adoption of told odee, Haetisen Reed, Coereor, discharged from cuseody. The Stenate thamer was paohed to overfloeeing, hoch eeith the extited friends of Goernore Rood and ehose of the ec- spietots deoing the tell-tell pe the moetien to discharge the Doe- enoe, ted the tcsul epecttor coeld rtadily dictingeich the ec- teding facodons hy their demteaoroas the rolleeasproeeeddwith. Whenecer a Seetor eeoeld ansetre yea, ac hit naetwas ecalled, the onspieorso and eheie feiends woueld flinth ted dedge as though tety were eegaged in t stiff thirmish lice of hatele eeith Reedoand hit friends, ted eachhconteeding foewaseotfiigoat the adeancinf tolumne, hot at hit indieidual teat. Whenethe naeee tf Deceit Ragan, of Madisonea ec ehed, and he answereed ya,Cessna,tehahimanof theoBordof Maage, thee hit hands acrott hit hood ted eerungthmtastthough he wascsufferingthettmotecruiting pin. Poutman 000 tt pee- coot the Secrettryfromt tetuoning the. vote ts tocoded, hoc the Chief justdte paid cc attetidon to hime, ted oedered the vote te heortueod. Whet the Chief jusce anneunted that Goveener Reed wasc discharged, encouldhbe coot ineerydirectioncrun-  fling and shouting at the sop of thour soices thot Reed nunaai Goveonoufloido. The Bound of Monogeon tooked aoond fur its chaiersan to loud sheos hach to the Asshtby hull, hot ho could noshbefound, no theohulaoceof theosmaners deemsitsise tougetaaythehbestheyca,uad theyetreot iofuon, the cuonoclforthesmnuagersoleading theetet. Governor Rood marchted ato the Esecutive office and tuok posseosion While she Seoote won struggling to get u Soual vote oilshe oton to dis- chaoge, tay, now- filled with anguish, wot pociog huch assd foth,tfirottosthe dooc of the Executicecchambehcnd peeing oitfornhiosoesenger,andthcohbachiooshe offce. Whenothe msseogecuame running wisth she dreadful outselligence sch wasuotlsend of hit cocoon ao Giovenorso oooo as lie to kcnoslsecresltttlsi hdidoonsot s a isusikloooutoilomeet bins and asked :'"Huo~ isit" ''Reed's disc-hasged.' Ho turnoedslaook ossothemseercso ansoles. At this seson of sloe Le''lure, C. If- lee-cc, thegra coltored cadi, who hod heecoctedhbyshe cosiraosoo a tcootyedupochaoge of offerin aobribe, ws torned oot of she Senate. Bnolisng Bakes ond J.1 . C. Deo, swho defended hint, insteadofnmkinsg she poont shot the crying ofuaosessage for soothe cwano no crimc osude the stoics that the indictmnt read "sthe jos," unsteud of dstc grand juors." 'Thsis pout oat propelyoseuedythecoortfheowsadaffirmsed bysthe Supemne Coons. When the tote 0-at tuken so dedce Pounce's seatvcant, Pumnonwhouexpcted to coomo hefoe she freed- mnagain forcoffice, and fearingPearceould nouindthem as su hos'heoted, left the Senatesuoaooid hisoameappeaeing as oneofsthosewhocvoted to torn Peuce out, andthe Senate psassed a rosolution stuting thus fact. (Sec Seouse journal, p. so). Nothing of impctusnon wsca tcancsacted by eishec hrunch of she Legislature at shin extra sestion, aftec stne dischurge of Gun- ernue Reed, hut tbe appoiunsment of J. P. C. REmmons Atorney-General. Bush Houons adjoocned sine die May 6th. ning and Shousissg as theotop of their coices thus Reed aagi GocecnoocofFloida. The Bound of 'Manugecs looked aouond foc itsochairmantoledtehackhto th Assembhly halhl s hule could nothbe found, to ste balance of theusunagero deemt it wsoe tongetuacay thehbestdsh-cno, und theynretcaosiocoofosion, the coonselifcdtesaages ledigtseorerea. GovernoocReed marcchedautnsthe Execotioc office and tooossession. White theoSenatestruoggliog so got a Soual cote 00l she motin so din- change, Daoy, nowo filled scithtangsch, 'cut paciog bock und forth,firstto the doouofhie Eecuie chaomer aud pceping o'itsforhiostesenge, aoddshenckcinothecofsie. W'henthe mssengecamusesrunnisng swisth sle dceadfol ustelligecn swhich wtas thsoend of hit ocrect s overnor, 00 anxiouso w'o he to kso esecosutithtsliedidootcit i~scrioil,oosusoson tooeet bin, aod aoked : " Holci isit? " " Recd's diochoeged."- He turnesdthsoacooo heumsnogerasd wepit. Atsthisoooioo of the Legislauoe, C. It. P'eceo,stse'"snot colored lcadet,scho hadhbcocictdbystlconpirtoro 00 a trumcyedooy charoge ofeoferingohbib, o vsounoed ootofsthe Senase. Bulling tl,hec oud J. 11. C. Dresw, soho defended hins, istscd of mnssg dse point shun she carrying of a omessage foe anothercwasno criei,umadecthe yoint that dse indictmoent read "s he jorsn,"'instedof "thegraod juos." 'This poinssoas propperly overruled by she couri beluow aud affirmted by the Supems Coons. When the cute woas tahen so decae Peutce's seatsvcant, Poutman, who expected to noose befue she freed- enagain foc office, and fearing Peaceswoold reoindsthemas tu husw he voted, left she Senate so avoid his uasme apearing us flue of those n-ho Aoted tu surn Peance out, and she Senate psased s cesoltiun stating tit fans. (See Senate jurnal, p. 2u). Nothing of inmportance wscanssacted hy eithec branch of the Legislature as stsis estra session, oftes tine dischaege of Gut- ernor Rood, hat she appointmenf j. P. C. Emmont Attoney-Gecneral. Buds Huuses adjourned sineo die May fish. ning and shoutiog at she sop of ther coicen thus Reed swas again Goceconor ofFlorida. The Boand of Mulnugees loched aroood for its chairttan so lead sheos hook so she Assoomhly hull, hot hie could notbefund, to thehalancof thensanagers deeositssise to get away she hoot they- coo, aod they retreato ion confusion, the cunsel fcc de mtanagers leadingsheereat. Gocosuocr Rend msarohed rsuto seoectiveoffice and tokhpossession. While the Seoate out struggling to gets fiSoot cute ou she soon so dis- chare, Dauy, noso Sied sithoongioh, wsoo pacing touch aod fucdh,Sfistuoshe door of the Rxecutive chaomher.-odopeepiog -istforohiotoessenge,anddshenhbackioosheoffice. W5henthe messeger cme runing isto dreadful iosellignce shich wsuodnoend of s concoctis Govern~or, so anxiouot wcoo hie so knooenrsutlthathliedid nots-it hisuc-t-oalbutan osouo t him nt ooasked : "Howis it?" "Rood's disohased." He tournediioisloackhos sle mssenogeroo sanissep. At this osessionouf stse Legisosono, C. 55. P'eaoce, sthe geus culored ceadet, soho hod heecosoliosed byo she cnprtr i a troompedduy charge of ooffeingoaibrihe,octsocored oot Of the Senaste. Bulling Baoker usd J. 11. C. Dccc, swho defended hios, insteaduofomakiog she point shot the carryinguof asssage Sue anothercnusnocrimse,usade the pointsthat she indictment road a he jors,"instead of"ote grad juors. 'This poiutu'as poperly oerruldhbythe courtielocand affirmsed hythe Supemns Cossrt. When she cute nut token tu declare Pearce's seatncanunt, Puensan, w-hu cxpected so cosmo hefoco she freed- msen again forcuffice, and fearing Pareould remuind tsesaas to hltou he voted, left the Senate so avuid Isis sasue appecaring as oneuf thseswhovutedtotnPeace out, andsthe Senate passed a resolutiun tating thus fans. (See Senate journal, p. au). Nothing of isoreance wscanssacted hy eithec hranch of she Legislatue at thsisextrsesson, often ste dischsaege of Got- ernoc Reed, hut the apyontmtunof J. P. C. REmmns Atorney-General. Busts Houses adjouroed sine die May fish.  CHAPTER XIV. The Supplicant Conspirators. The Conspirators Capture the Republican Convention of 1872, bmt Completely Exonerate Gov- ernor Reed. Bloxham Nominated for Gvernor by the Demo- crats, and the Ring Desperate. The Election of Hart and the Canvass of the Vote. Governor Reed, who had been slandered, persecuted, pur- sued and hunted like the partridge upon the mountain by the Osborn conspiators, becausel he had interrupted their systema- tized plan for wholesale plunder, was now at the head of the government, wtith all the appointing power in his hands, in which situation he could have had himself re-elected, or could have turned the State over tasthe Democrats if he had possessed the weakness of neecenths of humanity to avenge themselves for wrongs perpetrated upon the ihencver opportunity offered; but the Governor, folloing the teachings of the good book, which declares " vengeance is ome, 1 will repay," was deter- mined to pass the scepter of the State into the hands of a decent Republican if possible. The conspirators were well awaie that Reed stood with faming sword in hand between the gberna- torial chair and the Bureau-agent, M. L. Stearns, now began to beseech him humbly for quarter. Day, the fraudulent Lieutenant, Governor, was the first to do him reverence. He appeared at the Executive Office Nicodemus-like in the night, subsequent to the day Governor Reed was discharged, confessed his sins and asked forgiveness of the Governor. He informed him that he was misted by the other conspirators, and that he knew from the first that the Articles of Impeachment were only fabrications invented by Dockray, Osborn and Company, that he was forced to play his part for fear that the conspirators, who were instru- mental in counting him in, might assist Bloxhan in getting him out. Governor Reed, with much vehemence, said: "Then you were willing to disgrace me, who was elected by the people, with falsehood, to sustain a corrupt ring, and yourself, when you knew that you never were elected Lieutenant-Governor. Your days as Lieutenant-Governor are numbered." Day saw that the Governor was not quite disposed to shield him from the pro CHAPTER XIV. The Supplicant Conspirators. The Conspirators Capture the Republican Convention of 1872, but Completely Eonerate GOV- ernorReed. Boxham Nominated for Governor by the Demo- crats, and the -Ring Desperate. The Electon of Bart and the Canvass ' eoutgh to holieveoteot ohe oring favedoc leee Sec Speoaker.  Scottonasto ho pot torwared honoote he wos black, thuom- polling the ropreseototives froot Len Conty to noto too hint on to soffor viotlonoe front tho Poeedmno, who nwould ho told that tho Leoo delogotin hod voted ogoinst ooo of thoit owno nolot fot Speoker. Tis delegotin boiog thut forced to voto Pot Soott, somoooorpe-hogger woootd nonatet Mottio ood tho otherear pot-hoggoto, violtntg thoe cauctt obligation, norn to Pottow after the Deocrots hod gitn votos enouogh to oeet wtith the corpet- hogvotethonothoem. Theofriendsof Govnor Reod were noonitedoasto don host coureopursue,oandhlihhd nohite Prend aong the oaopet-hoggeot in the Legislaote uon whomo ho coultd depend. T'his division antong the Gonetnoo's Piends oausednsomneof the anod-riog membohrs to olythtetselvetoitt S. B. Conoter, theoGoerno'sStteTooasuoe, and suppoot hint forethehSpeoheothip, nothbeononathoyhodoanytspooiolonftdenoe in hint, hot hooauso thep helieood himto noeh the ot aoailohle mon againt Martin, whomt the Deocraonts had ognoed to suppot incase thorew ano cphanco of Soott'soleotin. Conoveronas oopoted to haveootodtforBnohantohenheanforLietnat- Gonoonor in 18to, and untost ho folsifiod hit oon wood, ho notod Pot Blonhon this poat whoa he tan foe Gonoraor. The ohjoot oP tho ting in nttemtpting to seonoe the Spoahethip woo that thop hod inostituted tsnverat conteta Poe Dentootatic seats so asto loon enough of thont out of the Legislatuce to enet Oshorn without the aid of tho Loon Conty delogation, who woro pledged to tho whitos of that ountyonee to voto for Oahorn. tnou onexet ohoptot wo shalt toe how thoycsuoceedod. 224 CARPETBA UL N LRIA Scottowasto ho put fotoradhbenouseoe wsobhto, thuo m- potting tho repoosentatives Peon, Leon Conty to note too hint or ooto feiotenoe Pfrom the treednoon, woho wnootd he told that tho Leon delogotion hod votood ogoinst one oP their own colot foo Speaker. Tltis detegotion hoing oh,,, Penned to note too Scott, sooocapet-hoggeo touold nominote Mortin end the othor one- pot-hoggets, violotittg the caucus obligotion, woeoe to follow ateo the Deocnots hod given votes enough to elent wnith the carpet- hog notedthownntothemt. ThofoiendsnoP Govenor Rood woere otounited atto don hoot couretoporso,oand ho hadnohito foiend oamong tho oaopet-haggoos in the Legislotore uon whem ho noold dopond. Thin dinition oamong the Govnorn's friends cnusedsomenoof the onti-oing tentets to allypthoemsolvestoit S. B. Conoter, the overoonor'sStoeTreasore, nd sopport himt foe the Speoheoship, cot henoogtohey hod anp tpeciaonfidean in hint, hot honooso they hotienod himto oneh the monst availahte mon agoicst Martdn, whont the Democoroto hod ogreed to suppoot incasethere waonanypohance of Scott'selection. Coannverwos reported to hone noted foe Blonhant when he eon foe Lieuteanto- Gonernor in otto, and octet, he totsified hit own wood, he noted Poe Bloohan thin yeon wnhen he rac foe Govoernor. The ohject of the ring inatotemtpting to sonnet the Sponhoethip was that they had iattituted tenetat contets foe Dontocratic teats an no to tun ough of ohont out of the Legislature to eteot Oshora wiohout the aid of the Len Coutony delegation, who note pledged to the whites of that countynneer to note foe Oshora. In onr noxt chapter we shall ate how theypsucoeedd. tcottwaotto he pot forword henaote he woo hlack, thut ot- potting the represoentotines Penn, teen Cout~ny to note too hint nor to tofter niolence tenon the Poeedmen, who wouold he told that the Loon delegotion hod noted ogoinso one of thoir owncolon Pot Speohee. Phi, delegodion being, thus fored to note too Scoto, tome narpet-hogger would nomwinnoe Marotin end the other one- poohbaggeos, nioloting tint caucus ohligotion, were to follow ofter the Demeonras toed given notes enough to elect with the carpet- hagvoteothrotnntnothemt. Thetfriends oovenor Reedowere noocioedoasto oh, knot corsetopursue,oand heonowhite foiend aong the carpet-hoggens in oho tegilttre topon whont he nould depend. Thit dinision omong the PGovernor's frends oausedsome of the ondi-ning meersnononallyohemtselneswih S. B. Conoveo, the CGovernor's State Trenourer, nd supporo hint Poe the Spenheoship, coot henoon they hod anypspecialnonfidence in hintm, hutbecusetohey heliened hio to he the wont availahle mntn agant Martin, whom the Deocranots hod agreed to support incaseothereowany hnceof otto'selecio. Cononertwas repoted to hoot noted ton Bloohaw when he tan too Lieutenn- Gonoonoo in 187o, ond octets ho taloified hit own wood, he noted Poe Blonhon tohit year when ho eon too Goovernor. The ohject oP the oiag in atempting to secure the Spoohoeship was that thep had instituted teveral contesta foe Dentocratic set ona to tuen enough oP thent out of the Legislature to elect Oshborn without the old of the Leon Contoy delegation, who wote plodgod to the whitet of that onty nevrno noto foe Othorn. tnou nocent chapter we thall soo how thoyptuoceeded.  CHAPTER XV. Gaoc~ror Mono' Adiste,/okcont. The Ring Mo/ns Peparation to Captuae lite Organiaone of tke Laooot- Hifon of the Legis- latto. Te Meig of the Leg/iltureof 1874, and C/s//-c bog Treachery to the Negro. Rotrcts feoot Coo/eor Hat's Mesaoge. Pote/t of te Eropeatt Bondhlders Against tke Ne/glec ofk thek/at of Flori/k. Te Potests of Bonolde/c Gott/n op to Cover Stern's Trcks. The Assemcbly Inestoigat- tng the SO/aling Sta/u/e. The AttoocpO/ Salo of Wools Fioe- i/o. AL Mortn ond tke Slote Priono. Gnoo -Rood Attempts o Healod off S/coo-s' Rai/rotd SOof. Goverort Reeda Meoralos to Hls Ua/ioi Ago/cot the S/a/I, ood koe Appoint- eoeofao/oo Coomittoo. A Scaml fort k Agricuottteo College Mooev. Vaioteuoil/ of~v Coo'gi/t. The admcinisttation of Gioveence Hoot, though ho teas the berst natice Governor ef Floeida, 'cos fell of vacillation end unoertainty en to a real lice of policy. His admnistration lasted fee fifteen tmonths, the mtost eftwhich timte he spent at the Noeth ic the feoiless attempto to reobuild hit hoolth, wchich he had wecced heyond hope oferecoveeyhbyheing foced inte theocn- cott of tb/a2 by the tccmeers cf the Ring foe the ecpress purpose of incaopacitating bict foe the exeecite cf hit official aothority if elected. The Ring, note fuethee to hcumiliate Governor Reed, badHort aypoint himca memerof the Boaedof Couty Font- mnisstoners of Duval County, thiching that he wcould syurn the idea- ofoaccepting so infeioeaposition afterehavingeenGo- eenoreof the tate. He, hoteee, toch themn hy snepeise ond accepted the position,and ittws not loeg hefoe he began to investigate andstieoupthe caetagscripeing in Jackseonville, and aftee havingsteock one hlotw at a leadoleot scc/p grabin w-hieh he beat thete out of a cooplc of thouand dollaes, his remtovalteasdemaondedhbythe Ring, and hewts at ocedecpi tatedby Hart. Hatewent to the Northofte thedjournmtentsof the Legislotote of 18/3, and M. L. gteoens, Litatenont-Goc- 15 CHAPTER XV. Got'otonoe Moa' Adminisation. Theo Ring Makespearction to Capture te Organizaton of I/e Lower Mocao of I/e Log/a- la/on. Toe Moottog of tho Logisatre/eo ofz874, atoP Foopet- tog Treacherey to tke Megn. Extraots from Gnoenoc THee/a Mneago. 1,0//at of the cEofoan Bono/lders Agoaintthe Meg/nl of th e Stall of Florida. 1Toe Ptotots of Boo/hold/rs Gotten op to Coer St/act' Trlaoc. The Ascobt/ Intgatgo- ,ing theo Stoali/g St,/ooe. Tho At/ooaf/od Solo of [Voot Fo- tda. -I Moln anl t/o Slate Bricon. Goeocooc Rood Atteots ktotadoff Scoea Railrood S/eal GoenorRee's Mem~orial 00 to LHs CI,,ic, Ago/oct tGo Stoto, and/ t/o Apptoint- en/co/a /oin Couioc/o. A Scrambleo for tke Ageioottneot Follogo Montev. C'atoce Tnipa of Foogilf. The odmtiniteation of G oveenor Hatt, thoogh he teas the fist notice Goveenoe of Florida, toas fall of cacillation and unetainty as to a eal line of policy. His admoinitration lotted foe fifeec nmonths, the 'cost of wehich timoe hie spent on the Noeth in the fenitless ottempyt to tehuild bic health, owhich ho hod nreckod heyond hope ofrecoveryhbyhoing foed into theecn- cost of tb/n2 hy the membehrs of the Riog foe the exptets puepose of incapacitating hint foe the exetcise of his official audhoeity if elected. The Ring, nate furnhee to humtiliate oetore Reed, hod Hart appoint himtanmemobeeof the tBoard of Coonty Comt- ntosstonees of Dovol Coonty, thinhing that ho would spoen the idea of occepting so inferior a position aftee booing heen Gov- eenoe oftheotate. He, howevee, took thetm hy soeprise and aooepted the position, and itnwas not long hefore be began to incestigate and stit op the carpetbag scrip sing in Jacksonville, andoafterehavingstruckhone hbetc as a feadoloot sceip grnbin whbich ho heat them out of a couple of thoosand do/lace, his reeovoalteasdemoanded by the Ring, and hetwaatocedenpi- totedhpyHart. Hartowent totheNorth aftee the odjoernmnt of the Legislatuee of 183 and M. L. bteaens, Liectecont-Goc- CHAPTER XV. Goveono Mactos Adminstiattion. T/o Ring, Ma/ns P/ eaation to Fatuce I/e Oeganizaton of t/o Lococ Ifooso of t/o Loga- lturec. I/o Moolting of/d lolgisla/ore Of 087/, a0/ Carpt- tog Treac/oy lo t/I Ngco. Exacon fomt Ginocat- Heet'a Mesaag. Pn/oaet of I/o Euopoan Bondholders Ago/tot the No//lot of t/o Sote of Ftlori/a. T/e Fn/,ct of Bono/o/P/c Gotte/cu o Covor ,Stoarns Trck. The Acoeot/y Isicngot- leg I/oe Slea/hg S/atu/e/, T/e Attonpled Sol of [Vect Floe- i/a. A./ Mantin tel t/e Sta/e Prikon. GOeoo Reod A/temns /o Mood off /oarna Railkoad S/tel Governorc Re/d'a Meorial 00 to is C/ok, Agaikot tdo S/at, and I/o Appoin- teoeofao/ot Gnonokooi. A Socram/lo foe //o Age/ct/coot College M1oneic. Voaooceo 7k/ap op Fooggt/t The admnstration of Cosenot Hoot, thoogh he teas the berst notive Coveenot of Flotida, c-as foll of vco/la/ion ond uncertointy as to a teal lice of policy. His admnisteation lasted foe bifteen tnonohs, the 'cost of wchich timeo he opect at the Noeth in the feuitless ottetmpt to rehaild hit hoalth, tehich he had teeeed heyond hopeofecocetyhbyhkeigfceod into the con- coss of tb/n by the meomohos of the Ring foe the expess purpose of incapacitating h/o foe tho exoerciso of h/sofficial aothoe/tyif elected. The Ring, note forther to huntiliato Covernoe Rood, hod Hoot appoint himt a menthee of the Boaed of Coocty Cant- mitssionees of Ducal County, thinhing that he wcoold spuen the ideaof aceptingoifeior a position aftes hoeing hencGov- ernoreof the tat. Ho, hotee, lo he bo y snrprise and accepted the pos/tion, ac//itewas not long before he hogan to investigate and st/o p theocaepetbag scripeing in Jachsonville, ando/fee haing strockone h/oat t a leodoloct see/p geah, in wshich he heat themt out of a coople of thoosand do/laos, his emnoval teas dentanded by the Ring, and he teas at once decapi- toted hyHar. Hont tenct to the Northafter the adjoouonment of the Leg/ltuee of 183 and M. L. Steoenn, LientonntCoo. 15  errorasoed the hood of the goovetoeot. His frt stepeoas to toy ejees by soicio to foeoe the State so oid himtooteouee the nomoination fot foserooethtee yeses hessee. ililioam Atoisee Cooke, the Attooey-esest, refused to bet toed foe tisat pet- pose, sod Steooto toss deioeo to sthe aiternotive of eospioyiog ootsideoooset to heiog suit inotise UnitedtStasthepeesoCourt, peetendingsto peotecsite ioteeestofhedStae, tot foe tte reoi puersose of getthtf tpossesiootthe Jaockoon-ille, Peosaota sod Mobite Roiteoad, theearoinsgs of owtiott weort to ho etototis-ety osed, os foe s possibto so forot his etootion to she United Stoses Seoate at the noot omeeting of the Logisltuse-, botsfailing inthat toomopel his omoioation foe Goveenot by intimoidating sod hoyiog otttdse feeedmteo wo so bittelyopyosed bios. He began so interfere toith te ootl scool boards of the different cousties, asd sheev-er he coultd influettoe its omemobers, so otte insthehtoohkbetcooutistcouldgetasoolotooes lee-astte faoo of Steorns' sod Hoes's so-oallod odosinistrosio. 'This admtinisteation intuguraetdaost atlaoting Propostioamog the feeedmen, wohicth cosmee trecipitating themoioto a toot aongtftthemtselves soith reference to tbe reejstatsioo its ste Legislttte feromtshe colored Methodist sod Baist ohuree. The feeedmteo pros to the otmaooipatioo knewooothin~g of osty othersobueohes than the Mtissonory Eapsiot, yriomitioe sor foot- wsing Baytist, sod tiss Mthodist Eissotai hot ot she cosoe of she toot the A. hi. E. Churoh sent oistees from the North, the omost of womooo-ere otto of inteliigeooe, sod these msen enlisted soeoofteost teigenst oftise foeedtoenttnteretitieitsoane s tmttistoers. Tiheso msinsistees, disooerning tihe tsacty of ieadees aon g thefeedmen, wenst into politios. Aisf tartetisotrof thems, iprevious to this year, hod ite eatedloy elocted to sthe Legisiasure sod hod iseet hgghting the Riog uodortshe isadeship of Got erot Reed, obioh hod olisoosed theos pormtnonoly ftoto thot faoiioo. The freedmteno~ho belonged to the tiaptiss otturoiesowere tauttt othue ttettbers of tise Mhehodisstshuches swereoiseotinsg te,' outofsajtst teipresenttoiososd ofteie shoe of sheet offcs; sod thatoteRing wostd seeoto it that the Baopeiiseombersshoold he eleoted to the begisioste. This teachingfceatedchuech jeaousyoond freat prejudioe, wshioh, is r oassutmed the head of the goterntoot. His terst step wsoo to lay w'ires by wohioh to fotce the Stote to aid hiostoseoue ehe nomination feeosoroe thee yeats henee. iiamse Arohee Cooe, the Aotoeyfieoe ,efused tobeoused foretbatpur- pose, sod Stearnos toot deioeo to the aitetoatiot of emtyloyieg outsidecooonsetohbrinstintbe United StotesoSupeeo ut, pretendinf toyprotecttse intteetof the Stote, hot foe the test puepose of gestiogpossessionofitetJaocksooile, Iteosaooa sod Mobile Raileroad, the eartings of sohioh were to he exoiusively osed, s foe s possiblo to foreohis eleotion to the United States Seoaeottbeonextomeeting ofsthetegilsoste; hot failing is shat to compsel hos nomoioation foe Govetoe by hitidatiog sod huying sout tose freedmten so so bierly opposed bison. He begooto iouerfeeo-ithtbelocaliscooliboardsoof the diffeet couneties, andswheoeerslioooldinftluenoeisomembetst o n inotheblackhbeltounotiescoild yet at sohool soittoblie-wasto faor of Steotns' sod Harts's so-soiled adotiotistaton. This odmoioitratioo inaugurotedo tomost alarmisng proypososaongs she fretedoten, ohicb camte nearecptosytisg titeom itoft wa-r aontg theselvses soitht referenot to the repse atsoont in ste Legislaste from the coored Meshodist sod Esayttstchres The feedmoen priot to the eoancpaoonoo totew notinsgofosso otheeochte thtan the Missionari Baysist, Prtettitteor foot- woshiog Eaptist, sod stse Mbethodtst Lytsopyl; hot ot the olose of the soo tshe A. M. E. Churcobseostonstets broot te Noeth, te motof tootttere ott of itnteligenoe, etd theseettenisted soeof she emoss intelligenot of tit freedmoens oteis banooer s mtitisters. Those moittissts, disoetos sigtsesascity of isades aonogdoe freedomens oetsinto yolitc. A iarge onusbertof theom, ytssionssot tootyer hod bees reyeatedly eleoted to te Legidsatue sod had boeo fighionog the Ring uodes tho leadesip of toeosost Reed, wthobh hod alieosted theot yermanonoly froom stost faotioo. The freodsmoo vsho beonged to she Baptist churceoi ee tausghst thast ttsettbers of ste Metosidistochureos werechetingitemotofojutreetsntationsndofteiri sihore of thse offices; -usd tihst the Rling woulid seto it thou te Baytitemberosos shootd be eleotod to the Legislature. This teaohing creoted ohorch jealtsy and feat peejodice, wohich, its er orassuosed the head of the governteeo. His first step tos so boy soites by swhioh so force te Stote to aid him o scr the nomtittation foe Gototeset thet yeses iteote. Wiltiam Atoitee Coe,te toeeyGeei,efsed tbeoused foretat pur- pose, sod Steartts toot drioensto esiternatioe of eomploying ootsideounosel so brhng stuit htdthe UnitedbStesSuyeeCourt, preteodinsgto proteotdtie ioterest of thStte, hot foe the test puepose of getting possessionof otshe Jackosoille, yensacoia sod Mobile Railtoad, the tearnings of sohioh soere so be exolusitely used, s foe to possible to force his eleosion to she Uoised Stases Senoteoatsteonexs smeeting of the Legisiatore; bus foilingy inha to comspel hos ominion foe Goteror by hintmidatiog sod buyintg ost those fireodosto obo so iiserly opyosed bios. He hegao tobonerferetvittlocals sohooi boards of te diffeet ountio, sod wsheooeoer hoe could inftluonte its memobers, o oct inothehsblakbelt couonts tootS getsa sohool totesoble ssn faoo of Stearnts' sod Hots's so-csliod adoonsssono This odmtinistrotion inauguroted osmost slintg peopotiooosong the freedomoo, ohioh came neos iretopyssieg shoot itoswa aontg themselves soists reference to sthe teprtesentation its ste Legislaturee frsos use coiored Mthodst sod Basitttissthrces. 'The feeedomeo prior so the eomonciyatoonhoots eothisg of soy othertohurcbestshon she Miosionary Bapysst, bPesostive os foot- waoshiog Bapsiss, sod tbs bMeshodist pisopalobu hoto the olose efstheo'oe thssA. M. E, Chuech test ooeostersfrom the Noeth, the emost of sosoere men' of inteliigeoce, sod these oseo eolisted toots of sthe tot inteligent tithe freedomens undes thee banner s 'iises.Tese oises, disoetoont e seaocity of leadoers aonotse freedosen, oet huts yolitios. A lare onombet of sheot, yretsot so shis test, hod been repyestedly eleoted so Se Legislaturesaod hod bees fihigttthe Riog onder the leodeeship of Gtoeror Ree hhhd o linaed he permanentdlye yoooyfroom shot faotion 'The ftoedouooo who boloogod so she Boytist cihorches iete taughte thou site ieett stof stse Mto distoichuroies woerecetingstemsostofs ajusstreyptestatisontd of tir ohare of the offsees; sadeihat tss ing woulid sto is shot ste Baptistomembosbthold be eleted so she begisatue. This teaching createdcuhojbealousy sod geao peejudice, sehioh, he  soecutes, cuedfrequnet rowc d bee foe the foresight and beetter jndgte et of the noe intelligent onsin the cheurches, atgenel oubreak and bloodshed would lone bee the result atmong the Coloreed chutrchee. Thereereenneictaaniee tonbe filled in the Legidlturee ef thee year, caueted ity resignatinc, soee of the embers being apotnted en Federai efficee by Ct/nles, Prnnn d Cenover, en through tbeirerecomenedttion. In tee conty two Btaptit teinisters wee tent up fee the Legis- lture wiethoutaeguthe neoinatien, one oef ehentenuld neithe ead ortwrite, andwhn caled on tome aseeh saidtbiseaeditorsttbeif electedbeewould dohat-eer Gov- enr"fleance" enld bimteoe do. Thic was en old celored Bap- flee preachein Len Ceuney, tntmed Hleety fleiffin. Acting Gnvenoee Steatns and C. A. Cett-fi, Cometteeler, eook the setuep fee chit intelligent candidate, and brotufht te bear tde wehole poer ef the ce-celled edmtinittn in tie behalfGr- fin cent e Pritmitice en feet-et-ehity Baeptist, end the note candi- flattee a ceminieter of the Mitsinary Bapeist Chutrchwos neewaetJehn N.fStekee. Theewite Decrtntefeed- ee enited ted defected Ceiffin ted deokes, bee floee a cotented in by one maejetity. The Ring hacing been defeeted in the attemte~ee t relect Odborn, turncd tbeir attentiee te M. L. Stearteosave the dey. Conoer, weho hadhbeen elected to the United SitatesfSenae eon begn, with the esciestnce of t'etcon end Walls, the Coges teen, te appoinoeofdteeteinfteenacoremntos e efethe tenet imeportnt ee dceral nfficee, wieh, aleo, aegoosrik lingeof emcacs. These appointneente alarmed fleaemes end hit felnenn, as the naese ef the fieedinen no-esa-, fece the fieet tieme in the hietory nf the Ste, theit ow-n celort filling Fedeodl officoes thee bed heetefoe bee-n hed bytsoeeffite ms ieferior memers of the cettaeg rief. flece nwns an agee- tmentamngf theotmebeofteRingg t eon nobondof any feeedmaneappointedb1yConoe, Pernin & Co. The wehite Decats int tany, pnrtins of te fleece ,bd no esiteie totendortethee appointetse,asdteypferrednhoet con- ored man ion aPedetaloffice raeherethan hace the Steaee infected cwith strerecehote cole putpose in the seate wase to ftten et the somtecounties,ecaused feeqent eows,and bee fee the foresight end bettee judgete n/the meoee intelligent ones in the chuechee, a generel outbreak end hloodshed woueld hace heen the teeut amnngtheeeoloeedechurche. Thee eece oacanciesctobe filled icc the Legislature of thee yent, caneed by reseignetions, soeof the nenbete hem5g appeinted en Fedeeal offices by Ct/tlts, Pecenen end Coenover, oe ethrogh tetie recnomendatin. IIe one conty teen Bapmtist miniteree wcere puet tipe fee the Legis- intone without a regular noeminatin, one of eheetncculd ether-read norweite,eandtehen called upononn eaespeech saidetobisenau dit eha ele ctedhleoulid do haeerGo- enr"deternstoeld himteoe do. Thin tent en old eolneed Baey- flee preecheein Lon Counte, nteed Henry Griffin. Acing Goereor Stene end C. A. Cenegill, Comnptrollee, teem the stumop fee ehie intelligent candidate, nd hbrought en bent the whbole powet of the ce-celled adnministraein in hit behalf. Geif- fin tent a Peimeitive oe font-teenhief Bapeise, nod tethner cnedi- dateeoascatiniterof the Missinary eatteint Chtutch, n-be enta John N. Stoens. The nehite Detencrttent the feed- men unied and defeated Griffin end Stoese, hu oes teen contedi in by one majority. The Ring havng been dlefeaed in the actempt en ne-elect Osboen, tuened eheit aetention en M. L, Steanse to cave the day. Cenoee, neho bed been elected en the United Staetee Senate, now began, wteih tce essiseance of Punece end Ct/tie, the Congene- teen, toeappoint somte of the mteinflenti colored mentonsone of the msct impernet Federal effiee, with, aiso, a good sprbtk- ling of Deenocets. Thecsetappoitments aleemed Seterns end hit fellnee, en the maennes of the freedeneno- ten, ler te firttdeeinteehittory ofthefStete, thirone-elorefilintgl'edoel effiee thee bed hectoefoe been hcld by sonme of the mosnt inferior memcbers of the carpetboageing. Therettesnge- moeetnamogethe meembenof ebRigeog n nonbndof any freedndoe apponed icy, Conoer, etrne & Ccc. The wehite Democrets in emany portinse n/the Steaee did not hesieaee totendos otfece appontentse,tasdtey peeredan hoest cob- need teen in a Fedeeeal office rather thee hace the Stante infected weith strangerswo-sneni soeprpoe ie te tate n-ne to fttenoac the soecutecausedeeeyeqe rnowad bet foe te foresight end bettee jeigeene n/ the moree intelligent nes ice the chueches, aegeneralnoudbeeak end bloodshed woueld bae been the eeolt amonegthecledchurehe. Theree-eee snite cietbe filled in the iegislature of eht yent, caused by resignatins, toee of the membeet being apponecd to Fedcea offiec by Ct/tlts, Piteean ted Conover, oe eheough tetie recommtendatin. In one contye to Baptist mtiniscte n-ere pnt tip fee the iegi- elatuee without a regular nomnation, on nf ehemecoulfd neither-read nornwriten aed when celled upnneeekebaeseech saideeohisaditorsetnat if elected henwould dowheer Gee- ternetI Staets" told bimte enoi. Thietotes n nld colored Beg- cit peachee in been Cunty, ntamed Heney Griffin. Acting Goceenoe Stens end C. A. Cenegifi, Cnomptrollee, took the tumpe fee thin ineleligeetcandeide, nd hteought en beet cthe wole poere of ehe scallned adinisetrtiontin hen behtlf. Greif- fin waec a Primeitive oe feet-teething Baptist, nd the othee endfi- datenwasnaoinierenf the iicnaey Btiestn Chuch, nehose namee tent Jeo N. Stoes. TPhe nehie Deneoceatnand the freed- teen united end defeated Griffin end Stoeb henoes w-ne conteedinobynonteemjority. The Ring havieg beno dlefeaeed en the atetept to e-elect Osborn, tenned their atentin en Me L. Steanto en the fey. Cenoee, neho bed been elected en the Cnieed States Sente,no hegn, wtbh theeassistaneeof PeeeeeeeadWallsflee Congests- teen, toe epeointtomeeof teoteeineflueeientialcooeten oe of thtemotimponet Federalioffcesth ale o nin goodepin- liog of Deemocrts. These apinetmeots nitteeced Steans end bit felneen, as the emannee of the freeneo ne-ceo-, fee thn fleet elect it the historyeoftheftate, teie onet-olnin filling Fedetol offices thee bed hecretr bteen held by snc nf the tenet inferior memero-f the caepetbagering. There was en agree- mnt ong flee memebo-e nf the Ring to go on o bend of any freedmcon eponed by Conovoer, finn & Ce. The wehite Demcratese in mnecy portine of the Sott did net besitae to endoreese apiptointent, as they peferednonsteecoel- otednman inn aPedealofficeeratheethanhebtttebifeted weich strangeesewosesolne ppoeinedc tate nwces eo f teathe  228 CARPETBAG RULE IN FLORIDA. expense of those whose interests were identified with the soil; and the Osborn carpet-baggers who had grown rich from plunder, Federal and State offices, absolutely refused to go on these col- ored men's bonds until forced to do so when discovering that the Southern whites were only-waiting for them to refuse so as to give them an opportunity of going on the bonds themselves, hereby proving to the freedmen what they had repeatedly asserted, that the carpet-baggers cared nothing for the interest of the negro, but to secure his vote to place them in office. This administration witnessed the inauguration of the packing of juries for political purposes, of which we shall treat in a future chap- ter. Ilte Ring, desiring to recover their lost ground in the lower branch of the Legislature, and being unwilling to trust any one of the members of the Ring as candidate for the Speakership on account of the anti-ring sentiment among the Republicans in that body, determined to capture the Assembly by stratagem. The night previous to the meeting of the Legislature the Ring otbers of the Legislature called a caucus meeting of all the Rep: hican members to settle upon some one as the Republican nominee for Speaker. They had arranged secretly with the Ddmocrats to elect M. Martin, warden of the State prison, for Speaker. The Democrats did not desire to vote for Martin, and any considerable number of them could not be brought to his support unless the Ring could show that a very incompetent Republican would be nominated by the caucus. So the Ring set to work among the colored members and advocated the election of Alfred B. Osgood, of Madison County, colored, who had always supported the Ring, not because he endorsed their action, but because he feared their power. The better informed colored members warned Osgood that the Ring was only putting him up as man of straw to be knocked down; but he, being ambitous, heeded not the warning, and was nominated for Speaker of the Assembly by the unanimous voice of the Republican caucus. While Osgood was a good fellow, he was not competent to act as Speaker. The Ring, however, had now carried their point, and went to the Democrats complaining, saying they were willing to do almost anything to prevent a negro being elected Speaker. 228 CARPETBAG RULE 1N FLORIDA. expense of those whose interests were identfied with the soil; and the Osborn carpet-baggers who had grown rich from plunder, Federal and State offices, absolutely refused to go on these col- ored men's bonds until forced to do so when discovering that the Southern whites were only-waiting for them to refuse so as to give them an opportunity of going on the bonds themselves, hereby proving to the freedmen what they had repeatedly asserted, that the carpet-baggers cared nothing for the interest of the negro, but to secure his vote to place them in office. This administration witnessed the inauguration of the packing of juries for political purposes, of swhich we shall treat in a future chap- ter. 'Te Ring, desiring to recover their lost ground in the lower branch of the Legislature, and being unwilling to trust any one of the members of the Ring as candidate for the Speakership on account of the anti-ring sentiment among the Republicans in that body, determined to capture the Assembly by stratagem. The night previous to the meeting of the Legislature the Ring mcmbers of the Legislature called a caucus meeting of all the Rep hican members to settle upon some one as the Republican nominee for Speaker. They had arranged secretly with the Ddmocrats to elect M. Martin, warden of the State prison, for Speaker. The Democrats did not desire to vote for Martin, and any considerable number of them could not be brought to his support unless the Ring could show that a very incompetent Republican would be nominated by the caucus. So the Ring set to work among the colored members and advocated the election of Alfred B. Osgood, of Madison County, colored, who had always supported the Ring, not because he endorsed their action, but because he feared their power. The better informed colored members warned Osgood that the Ring was only putting him up as man of straw to be knocked down ; but he, being ambitous, heeded not the warning, and was nominated for Speaker of the Assembl hy the unanimous voice of the Republican caucus. While Osgood was a good fellow, he was not competent to act as Speaker. The Ring, however, had now carried their point, and went to the Democrats complaining, saying they were willing to do almost anything to prevent a negro being elected Speaker. 228 CARPETBAG RULE IN FLORIDA. expense of those whose interestss were identified with the soil; and the Osborn carpet-baggers who had grown rich from plunder, Federal and State offices, absolutely refused to go on these col- ored men's bonds until forced to do so when discovering that the Southern whites were only-waiting for them to refuse so as to give them an opportunity of going on the bonds themselves, hereby proving to the freedmen what they had repeatedly asserted, that the carpet-baggers cared nothing for the interest of the negro, but to secure his vote to place them in office. This administration witnessed the inauguration of the packing of juries for political purposes, of which we shall treat in a future chap- ter. The Ring, desiring to recover their lost ground in the lower branch of the Legislature, and being unwilling to trust any one of the members of the Ring as candidate for the Speakership on account of the anti-ring sentiment among the Republicans in that body, determined to capture the Assembly by stratagem. The night previous to the meeting of the Legislature the Ring memers of the Legislature called a caucus meeting of all the Rep bican members to settle upon some one as the Republican nominee for Speaker. They had arranged secretly with the Ddmocrats to elect t. Martin, warden of the State prison, for Speaker. The Democrats did not desire to vote for Martin, and any considerable number of them could not be brought to his support unless the Ring could show that a very incompetent Republican would be nominated by the caucus. So the Ring set to work among the colored members and advocated the election of Alfred B. Osgood, of Madison County, colored, who had always supported the Ring, not because he endorsed their action, but because he feared their power. The better informed colored members warned Osgood that the Ring was only putting him up as man of straw to be knocked down ; but he, being ambitous, heeded not the warning, and was nominated for Speaker of the Assembly by the unanimous voice of the Republican caucus. While Osgood was a good fellow, he was not competent to act as Speaker. The Ring, however, had now carried their point, and went to the Democrats complaining, saying they were willing to do almost anything to prevent a negro being elected Speaker.  If Osgood had heen hetter petted int parletary late the Deetoceatttatld have pefeedhieta Manicn, ted he weoald haee heec eleted. The author af this woarh aed the tehole dele- gatiete beet tees, Coetaty, tthile they wtere coefidect that Osgoed wouald he tlaaghtered intdebhacto of his feien~ds-asasitended wchenJohneR.eeSctta oiated forSpaker-spported him it, gaad faith, prepated fee the defeat which awaited hita. Beth heanchet of the tefilatare moet J anuary hth, 1f74. Befoe seearinf it, aoy of the att toetohets of the Attstobly, McKin- noc, D~emceat, cmede a mtoties, twhich cat carried, that Mt. Mae- tie take the chair it the tettpoary arfaaiaatiac. This motion, cat toted for hy all the moetohets ofte Ricg attd all the Decto- etats, twhieh ehotwed that the tecet teeth of the Ricg had heec cell perfotmed. The Aembtly thee adjoroed uotil the follaow- ing day. tDueing thit te the Rinf omecmhees emeployed theit tetcnecourafing the eoloeed cemersc to sanod hy Otgood aod they weoeld eleet himt oc the fellowing day, wchile at the tamtcimo~e they were telling the Diemoets that thcy teould do all they coeld to defeat hitm. The coot morninf the toemhers- eletwerettcoec ic acd the Atsembtly peoceeded to eleet its Speaher. foceeal halloto were tahken heore a resutlt teat reaehed, the cmot of the Demcreats echo hadevotedforeCocoverefoUnied ftatesfSecatortheoitating atfirtttocvote foerMartin, andctacyof thect toted foe feoaoecgoo, Demeoceat, frome Wahalla Cooty, wcho had toted foe Cocover foe United States fecator; and, had the acdi-eicf Republhhcans cot hoot, iceimtidated hy the feeedcmen acd feared losicg theirinflueneeth thecm, feearenec teoald havehbeen eleted, at he should havehbeen, tohbeat the teeaeher- ous mebers cf the Ring- The ealored heother got terathy at the aetioc of the cerpet-haggers in taicg agaicot Otgood, hoe chit, avadled nothicg, as the hargaic had hoot, sigeed and coaled, aedcthegoodscmccthe deiveed. Martic teat fenalty elected. Bcyant, of Path, and Mardee, of Boocaed, teculd neeconsenc to vote foe Martie, aed if the othee Demcratie emers had fotloteed the tamo course Mactie teoald have heen defeated, aed afemcat ectedfpeake. tethefSenate the same shaep shiermithieg relative to the sweeating it, of the netety elected memetaes, fotue int neare, tooh place. Thette teeoehee CAP TBA tRLtttIN FLORID. 229 If Osgood had hootbhtet potted it, parliamenetary late the Deocrats cculd haepeferredhim to Maetic, and ho would hate hoot, elected. The aotheor of this toth and the wchote dole- gatioc from Lot Ceeney, whhde the yo wee cnfdet that Osfood weoeld he slaeghtered in chhoeae of hisfriends-as teat intended tehec John R. fect oat notmieated foe Speaher-sapporetd himt in, food faith, peepared fee the defeat chich awaited hic. Beth heaces of the tLegislatue meot Janeary 6th, f184. Before sweearing in acy of the cetw cetbers of the Ascsemhly, Mei- coe, Demcrtat, mtadeaotion,owhihaseaied,teatM. Mr- tic tahe the chairoitctheotemporary organiaation. Thit motoion teat toted fee hy all the memhers of dhe Ring and all the Doemo- cratt, ohith ehowed that dhe scete worek of the tRief had beet, woll pethfocmed. The Acsetcbly thec adjoetoed until the followc- iog day. During chit time the Rinf memeee emtployed theit teietcoureafinf theecolored m~embhers to stand hy fOtgood and they woeld elect himc on the fottowing day, tehite at the saetime they weree telling the Demcrats that they woeuld do allttheycoultdefeathim. The next moteeing the memerse- elc eesonin and the Assecmhly procteeded to eleetfit Speoheer. feveral batlett were tahoen heore atresult teat reched, the mcoet of the Demcreatt teho had toted foe Cocoere fee Ucited Statesofecatoe hestatingfatfirt tovote ofrMatin, andemany of themt toted te eaeogo, Demeoceat, feomt Wahotta Coottty, teho had toted foe Cococer foe Ucited Statet fecator; and, had the acti-ring Repubhlicacs not hoot, inticmidated hy the freeden antdfeared losing theicifleneith thetm, fcoaeeo wouatd havehbeeteeted, at he sheoeldhavehbee, tohbeat the treaeher- ces memersee tof the Ring. The toloeed heother got teeathy at the atioe of the carpet-haggerst it, toting afaicst Osgood, hat this acailed cothief, at the harfaie had hoot, signed and coaled, aed the gcods mtes he delivered.. Martdc teas finalty elected. Beyanet, of Polh, an~dHaedee, of Beaed, twould eecncent cc tote foe Martie, aed if the othee Demecraic emeers had fcttoed the sae coures Martin weould hate heen defeated, aed a Deetocrat elected Speahee. te the fecate the samte sharp shirmsishieg telatice to the searieg it, of the ewley elected eeres, foar in ecuthee, tech plate. These were thee CARPTBAGRULEIN FORID. a22 tf Osgoed had heen hettee posted it, parliamenctary late the temctseeeoald hae pefered himoeo Mastic, and he coold hate heencted. The aothoe of thit teeth and the tehole dole- gatien fromt Leon Cottcty, chile they weree confident that Osgocd teoald be slaughtered incdh,hooee of his friends-as teatintteeded tehee Johc R. feeott teat ceominated foe fpeaher-sppoted hice inofood faith, pepared forthe defeattwhichtatated hime. Beth heachee ef the Lefilture mct Jeaary 6th, tf74- Before toarngi any of the new omemhers ef the Asemblh, Mcthin- ccc, Demcrat, mate a mtiden, wch teat carried, that M. Mae- sic tahe the chaie intheeoreary orfanization. This motion twat toted fee by all the moebets of the Ring and all the Deo-e erate, chief thowced thatt the sect teeth of the Ring had feet, cell perfeotmed. the Aesembtly then adjeourned ectil the fotiloc- ittg day. Dturicg thie ttoe the Rief mecmbers emtployed theit teietcoureadintftheecotored mtemthers to stand hy Osgood anddthey could elect hims othe folfowing day, whileeatthe saetice they t ere tellinf the Deocrats that they woultd da altheycoutd to dfathimc. The cect orninf eheocmembhr- elc eesonit, and the Assemblty poeeded to elect ite Speahe. fSeveral ballets wee tahen heforoeaeut cat reched, thecmott of teDemcratswho had voed forCooverforUied ftatoefoceator hesitatingatfirttotvte fo Martin, andcmacyof thee, toted foe fteaoeofoo, Deoctat, ferom Wahotta Caounty, teho had toted foe Cocovee fee Ucited ftates focatot; acd, had the anti-ricf Repoblicans cot hoot, ictimtidaced hy she freedctcn and fearedloeingstheiiflueewith shoem, fteaecgee weould havehbeen eleesed, as he should haveoheen, to heat the teher- cous mcemers of the Ring. The tolceed heothee fot wreathy at she action of the carpet-hagfers int votieg against Osfood, hot this availed nothief, as the hatfoin had feten ttigned aed stated, aed the goods mstt he deliveted. Maetin teas fenaly clotted. Bryant, of Path, and Harede, of Beaed, coutd eereecacseet to vote foe Maetin, ted if the othtr tDemceatic mctehbers had folloed the samcoursoee Mattie coald hate feet, defeated, and a Deetocrat electedfSpeahke. Itt the Settate the saeme sharp skirmitshing cetative to the swsearieg in, cf the ewlp elected mee se, face in numee, tech plate. These wete three  Repubit-ns and onn Independent nr Contentt-e Repubican, thenHnn.SamueliSpeaing, fronm- Dnval Cnnnty, colnrnd, nit- had bneen etd by the assistanee nfnb thenmstnrepectabbiDemno- cnt-s inbhenconty. IBefnre tbe Stnnto-el-tiect-n werent-on inna resoluetinn net effered by Jnbn A. He-tndesnn thnt the st-at nf Sturtetnnt,frontntheTwennty-firsthSnntorialistrict-,hbedeclnred illegally held by him-, nnd ta tIsraei M. Stewart be dnelared nt-e rightful Senntor. Ofeent-se tbn Ring was nnt prepaend toallno- sondamnagingnbrsoun tonpa, hichwold nearytnfer t-eeatet- into tbt bands nf the Demnncrnts befoen Steanst cnnid nasnnme tbe nt-inn ef gnvennment, nicht- t-bt Ring seo fenerentiy ptnyednmightnnnbeniong inenning. Aftercnidettabin wrtangbing the S en-eettwere sworn in and the Senatne gan- it-nd, nith na fell net nf Repubicaen nfficers. On tine tit ni Jann- aryovenor Hartaddressed nit nmessae tn bnth brnchbn nf tbn itgisltune, inetwhich linn said: ' ttis niotey graifying tnknowtt tepiritfpniitint- hntrend nnd bittttntest, wbichbnnstbut o f tbhatpt-tat tebtilinn, itsnwelinigbtntingnibtei, nndteptnplnnof nillprisaeme nnittdnand bnnnnnined tbnn tbny bnave bttn for ntnny ptenrs. I-ndeed,nan ertnnfgnndfetbingnd pt-liticani t-nlertinn nest-ot bntve dnwned tbtnnghnnt tbn State. Pgiitit-ni nntngnninms still enint, bnt tbnt ynculnbntnerebitynnanrningnanimonntybnatne chabtertinzed piicinn nppntitinn, bnt ginen plane tn thbn nrdinnry nntngonitntt tbnt aeeigitimnnte nnd fnnnded ttponntentnnabie differnce-s nfnoptninn. -'bnht nt-irit of inwsnest stt nbich at one niment-reitnened tite pt-ne nf tbt Cnmnelt-, nnd twbichb brokn nnt in disgraeful nntrgt,diturntbingtbepeancenoftnoeity,ndbtnroingntme cnnttuntn nt ttttnf ventngitation, bnt, nndertt e tbt - agm nfprudntnnnd dterminednnnlfierst, subided,-nnd it nbedinneitnt-bnitnnnthoeoenrtrints of titelw "-Pn nt-p ystnndpnint nt nbntervatinn nt Chitf Entcnnivt, vtieningntslIdnnnrpattpblitia bitnry, tbt presnttconditin nf tbe Stnte nnd rtnsnntbit enpectantiont tebimnmedite fntntt bnidt nttt, I bnne Stong ttasntnt for tntetttinittg tbt bnpe tnbnnnnrbeinvedbnntntaspassed tbrnngb te netet Seren nf itsnnfflietinn, nndtbt benefnthb, by tbe nnitnditiit-nd pnn- pnttnofnn nbnwhoeptnpit,pteaenndgond gvttnnentwiilbe- sentrei, tnd tbtpenptbt-nmntpronpyrtnnnndbnappy. I-hnnn reasonanble ntsurnt-nes fnr tbit bnpn, itt the fnnt tbnt nit politicali pares tneent nnittd tn tbit tnd. Gnd bnn givn tnntn goondy 230 CAETtne RULENnFLnRInn. Repnbitns nnd onn Independent nt Contervntivn Repnbican, teHonnSnamnet-Spearing,frnmnDnvaliCnnty, cninted, nbn bed beetn elected by tbt nttitne nf tbe nttrenspetnbitDemnn- hrtsi tbe conny. Btfntt tbe Snentr-elect tee swontn ina neouin a feted by Jnitn A. Htndnetnon tbnt tbe ttnt nf Stnrtennnt, fromn tbt Twnty-it Seneatini Dintrit, be deintred iiiegnliy beid by bimn, nnd tit Ittnti M. Stenntt be dtecinrtd tbn tigbtbti Senatnt. Of cnntse tbn Rintg tn-e nnt ptepnted tn niinn sdntmnging n resolbtion tn yntt, nbicb wnt-mi nnntiy trntfter theSennte intn the bnndt nf tbe Dtntnerett btfno-t Steanncnnld ass bet rtint nf govene nt,bhichlthbtRingnnoftnntt-tnty yrnydntmigt ntbttng inncoing. Abtet cnsinitrabl- ntnngbing nbe Senntorn-neect n-ne swnrninnninthtSnntenntgn- ized, nitb n fuii set nf Repubicnan nfficnrn. On tint ptb nf Jann- nry-Governnr Ht-adtdessend tin nmetnnge tn bntb btnnbtt nf tint Ltgistinrnet, in nt-ichb be snid: I Iti itn lt-ney grnnifying to no t-eabt tint nirit nf pniiticni betted nnd bittenesst, wbichwa nt-nteb ft-nit tf thbnt get rebet-in, in n-ell nigb nxtingnisbed, nnd tbn nenyle nf nii paties nt-nor nnitednand bnnrnonined tbnn tbny bnive been ft-n nmnny yent-n. Indeedi nn nt-n of gootd fnnbing an-n pelitieni tlrtnseemsnt-tt- bhive dewned thbrougbont thbn Stnte. Poniitinai antagnisnms ntut- etit, but tbat ytecuiarnncenbitynand rnkling aninmostity tnbe nc chabeiied poiiticnl opposition, bas gitee pinee tntbe ordineny antagonismnthn abe neigitimtnte nnd founded nponeasonnable diffteene oftopinitns. " Ttpiit oflwlniesstt-whichbtnttimne-thret-enetdtbe pteae ef tbn Comnwealnthi, nnd nbinih broe out in disgraeful outrages, distntbing thbn peae of sotniet-y, nnd thbtnwingnesone cuteint-n sae of veit-gittion, bentinder thebt n agmn fprndent anddtermned itt-ni officers, snbsided, nnd in net- obtdient ton tint Whbnisoent retraiin of tintaw "Ft-tn nmy standyoint of observattio-n as Cbief Enecntive, vieningnasI denunptnpinnitialibitory,tbtinpresenttndition ef tbn Stntn nnd rentaeexnietainn ninat tbe immendie fntunnret-nlds ont, t bae strong reatns inn entertaining bhe bepe thbtnnnrbeinnedhStatebnaspayen d tbnongb tbn nevetnn St-tn nf itsnafflintinn, andbeat bttncefthb by the unitnd wniil and yet- posetofnnurtwhbnitpeopit, itt-nt- nnd gond goet-nt-n-nnt niii bt securtd, nnd thbe penple becnnmn pt-ntpt-nt-n end beppy. I baet- reannanbie nt-trnt-tt-t inn thbit- boye, in thbt fant tbet ali poiitia parties nt-nt- unitnedton thin tnd. od bas giten t-nagntdiy 230 CAETneG nt-tE t-N tent-InA. Repubins end one Independent nn Connstrtntint Repubican, tbe H-on. SnnmueliSpearing, ft-tn Dnnvt- Conny, nninred, who-b bad been niet-n-d by tbe assistne nf tbe mnnsttrespetabieDnemt- casin tbhennonty. Bitft-ne tbhe t-ennett--nit-n werent st-orn ina neotiont nafeted by Jnbn A. t-iendnernnn tbnt tibe nt-nt of Sturtevant, fromnebenty-frSenateoniatlDtrictin,bendecied iliegaiiy btid by bit-, nnd tbat Inraei M. Stear be dencnared tbn rigbtfnl Snato. f conrsntht e Ring tent nt preynrtd noalo sdamaging n tnt-ltiin nnt-n nasbichb wountb nenrly trnsnftn tbe Snennte intt e hbabnds nnf thbe Dent-net-n- befe St-tnt ttnid asm threnio gonent,ntwbichebt Kigsfnt-nnt ntiy penyed nmigbt not bt long in cnt-g. Abte- cniderable nranggbtg t-e Sennnnnen-eieennwere tnt-ntn in end the Snate nrgan- ied, ntitb n funlSt Of Repylicatn effic-nt. On tbe ptb of Jetnu- aryovnen Hartnadeedbis mtessaetotbothbrnesnof tbe Legislturte, in nt-ichb lie-id In IIt int alsvey gratuifying tot k-nw that tint nt-it-it of yeolit-it-ni betned end bitt-tnt-tn, whbiebwa nt-nt fbriemt obf ttnet rebelion, in nt-l nigb entinguisbed, and tbe yet-yin of nll pet-tint- nt-n mortnt unittdnandbtnt-tnidthanitbhebybhavetbeen ftranyyenr. Inde-d, en nern tf gned itt-lit-p and nutiti nit--t toeaintsetns in bae dent-nd tbrougbnut tbe Stntn. Poliit-ica nantagnisms nniii nnist, but-tbat pet-tbinrnncerbityend rnt-ling an-itiy tbeattnt-n cbarecterized pot--ia oppeninin, habien pt-ne pit-n tt-e nt-din-ny anntgnismstha abe nt-eiginimte aned ft-n-ed un re-atnabie diffet-tnes dfonionst. I'ITt spirit of iaesness nt-iit-i e t-imethbeatenend tint pent-n nofb thetCommnwalth-n, end wbicb brobe out in disgraeefeu- otrnage-,disttrbingthbnpeent-fnsoety,adtrowtitngnson nt-tntinn itnt- tte of vitlent agitatiitn, bent- ndenrnbhetnan- net iyudedtn end detertnined tentl efi-ee, nebtided, end isno obedient totteWhobesometntnt-tints tf tint itt-. ''F-tnt nmy stendptint of obstrvation as Chief Ennecunive, vieingenstIdoenrpat poblit-a binstnry, tbhepesenteconditin of t Stntn end rtnt-nt-bittexpt-tanitns tinet the innmntdie ft-tee heids t, I bee trong rent-ntt inn ennerneining the Soe t-hnt-ten belovned Staenhaspassed through the teent-et giet t-f itnsflietion, tndnt-a hetnceforthn, by the unit-dili at-dpn- poseofeournholeypeople, pent-ne-ed good goet-nntnt w-i be t-et-ed, eedthepeopehecnme prosperousand happy. tbht-e rent--t-hi assuraneen for thin Soe, it the feet thent pt-litia pet-tint- tnt-t unitend t-o thin end. od hen git-n to en a geed-p  hetitage. The beight skiet, bohtty ond heolthful ottootphttt, antdgenialand fruitful soileofFloida it tote lagelyottrating tetatteetioo of the people of the North. A good gooetotett, wihetittoodcwholeoetlawo ood o qoiet otdfidtousootd lawo-ohidiog cititzehip it oil that io reqoited to moake Florida, ot to distoot doy, a prosperoos and hoppy Comotnotetoth. 1Tho ooeditioo of oty heollth hot beototuh thot tty physicioot thooght it odvisohle fot ome totspeod the sme Noetit. LDorintg toy ohteoee feome tho htote the Liteteat- Gicoveoontiutioooalybeaoeetheooctiog Goero, and Ioa hoppy to toy thot it hit odemioittono ofete offoito of the govetn- oteo the hot ttoteo thot the confidettce ploced it hime hy the peoplt athlatgenereolelectiootooaoootmisplaced. 'hoot toite ftootci policy for reachiog a coodieioo of eoth poymetetatblised ot the last tettion hy theonetw loto for the oolleotiont of the revoenot oat tite act knowno ot the Futding Bill otortd coil aod it ptgetsing hopefttlly. Ve hoot encounered maony difficoohiet it ohtaining assessors tthe will dillgetly asesst oil the totahle property, and collecors of coot- totre ou ilfithfully coileot atd fey tovet hot, hoot generally sototeded it ohtaining httter toot to hold thoteofiefst thon tmoty woho hoot htetetofote held thoe, ted etc uner the wie ptovistons of yoet neov tot lawte teoeew iseheinghbet tetoss- td, colleted cod poid ie thaeer tbefote it the hittoty of out feote. Tlhis foot, working togeeher hoed ie hoed wtden etrotett economyoeveryhtteoutgedand pocticedhbyetheComptolle, ted itfoce hy evetydepatetoffetedohittotioe, hoe already leotenedtheovoletoftsctipafloatotdsitngety dy, tnd eatedthe treastettsontio egatd totexpetsetthattocthbe paidi ooocah. Shottly atee the pattage of tte fundhtg lot tot ohtained tht imtplitd perttite of the Boatd of Ttesteet of the AgriculthaleollefgeFuntdo invoethe ptroetdsof the toleeof theie octip wihh the Comtrellee Pet tee- honds, it ordet that the teasuroy of tte ftatt toigho hoot the hetefit of that teeth cath to help along te htiioent pohocy of the funding lee. The fitot effeot of this prottiot coo the appre- citon ofethe pice of scrip aed of the cedit of the feate to a eoticeahle extent. Whtile undee told fete the Coetp- coolr a diligently ot tooth disosing of boeedt, ted with the proeedoeredeemeing old honds thee hod beet hypodettd in Net Yoth, the told promtise ,co ftoqently, chth oppatent heaty ceheeftdeo, creotitB doe tot perfeotconfidenoe, renewedhbythe saidhboaed througho its teasuer, chot at the CARETBAGRUL t IeN FORIDtA. 231 heritage. The height shito, haltoy ted healthful ottoephete, and geialand fritfuoildof Foida it now latgely attooctieg the otteetiton of the people of the Noth. A feed gotentent, wtihwiseotndcwholesotoelaws ted o qeot and industriousaed lac-ohiding oitiensohip it elf that it requied to toohe Plotido, ot to diotont doy, a pteopeeots ted hoppy Ceomonealtoh. "1Theocondition of cey hehlh hot heettsuch thot myp phytiinsotought it adoisohle fee me teespeed the sme Noeth. Durieg toy ohoette from the Stote the Liettenaet- Giovoeortonstitutionolly hoetom the acting Goveo, andf Ioa happy to toy tdettin hit odmitationhe ofeheoaffairs of the goteen- toco the hot tproenthot the confidence plaoed it hhe by the people athe loot general election coo tot mtisplaced. "Vote cite feoaciol policy foe reoching o coedition of coth poytett estabhhshedo atte loot octoice by the tot too fee the collectieon of the recee ted the oct knowcn it the Funding Bill sttet cell ted it progressing hopefully. We hoot encootteted teaty difficuliet it hobtiig assessors white l diligently ossess oil the txable property, ted collectors of reve- neewhodilfaihfulyollectaed pay toter hoe, hoot geneealip oucoceeded hnobetoining boettet 'tee to hold those effiee thee toatycwhohaot hetotoftot held theem, andenoweuderth ewtite proiiosoof youewotax loctteteetciseigettoetses- ed, coeced ted poid it thaeer tbefote it the hisory of toer feote. This foot, torkhingtogether hoed he handcwithaeanest eoeeomyeerywhere urged ted praoticedhby the Comptoller, ted itfoct hy eey departmoent of the admitationh, hoot already lessenedethe voleto of scrip effet ted iosuhng every day, and eased te treasuettsoetineegardttoepensesethateoete paid ieI cath. Shortly tee the posooge of doe fuodhng lot toe obeoined the imoplied peomiot of the Booed of Trutees of the Agricuhltrl Collefe Peed to octest the proceods of the sale of theitootrip wth the Cotopteolfee fee new bonds, it oeder thee the treetsury tf the feate mtifht hoot the henefit of teot teeth tch to help titng the hetifoteet pohicy of the ftunding lot. The fert effect of teie protmise cot the appte- citon of the price of schip aed of the credit of the State to a noticeable eotent While Lieder soid lato the Cotep- trolerecot diligently ot tech dhyposing of boeds, ted wth the peoceedo tedeteoing old bonds ohoe hod beet hypoehecoted iot Net Y'ork, the toid peothse coo freqoetly, chth oppateet heorey coheefodet, creteohg the tot perect confidenoe, renewedby the saidboartd througho tsteuer, thee otothe hetitoge. The height shito, boltoy ted healthful attosephere, and genialandfruitfuloildfloida it tote laefely attractieg the tteton of the people of the North. A food govtetomet, wthhieoendwohleeome tewad a quet aed industriousaed lawc-abiding ciltiehip it oil thee it tequited to tooke Florida, t to diotat dap, o prospereo and hoppy Commtonealth, "1The condition of toy helth hoe beet tech thee toy physictanstthoufht it advitoble foertoo to epend the sme North. Duting to paoseneo froto the Stote the Litetteat- Goveeorceosttutonolly becoete acting Goernor, ted feet happy to toy thee it hit odministooton of the offoitoefehe goete- octe has proven thee the confidene ploced it Bite by the people at the lat general election cot tot mihploced. ''Yoot chse fintncial policy feertootching o condititn of cashpayensestaoboohhedthehlostestsioythenewclac fee the collection of the rehveue ted the act hnocneoste Funding Bill ototefd well ted hs pretesitng hopefdll. We hoot encouteedo moony difficultiet ino obtiig aesorsoco iewill dhlgeoeiy assesotof the totable property, ond cllectors of toot- Line weocwill fidhfudlycolfectaed pay tooet hav e geerafy otuccoeded it ohtaintng bottee toen to hold tosee effiee tlan toanytwho hae heretofore held ehetm, ted towtinedo the wis provisonstof youetaxt lawcthe eoece'hisheigetteroasset- ed, colfeced tod poid in thaeer ebefore it the hhstory of tee State. Thhs foot, woring tgether hoed ito heed wihh atooeret econoty everywheugedeend practicedbyothe Comoplere, ted itfoct by eoery departtoent of doe admihhstration, Boo alreodyolessenedtheovoleootofoscrpaflotand iiong everyday, and easeddteteasueeoeinegardeeoeepenes that ute paidie cath. Shortdy tee the possoge of doe fundhng lot te obtoieed the iteplied peromise of the Booed of Trtstees of the Agriculturol College Peed to itvet the peoceedo of the tolt of theit scrhp wihh the Cotoptrollee foe new bonds, ino teder thot the tretsuty ef the fot tight hoot the botefit of thee tooth cash to holy aong the helfoteet policy of the funeding lot. The fert effect of ehie protmise tot the oppee- ciaoe ofothe prict of scrip ted of the credit of the State to onticeable extet. Wthile tndee otid lot the Comp- coolr a diligently t tooth disosoing of bonds, ted teith the proceedocredeceming old bonds that hod beetn hypothectd ie Net Yech, the told peomhoe cooi frequently, wihh opparent heaoycehefheoo, ceating the tot perfeot confidence, recoe elbyothe oeidhboard throogh hos treasuere, thee at the  232 CARPETBAG RULE IN FLORIDA. ,moment of highest expectation Of fulfillment and immediate relief of the credit and fmances of the State, it turned out to our aston- ishment and consternation that the said board was deceiving us all the while, and had invested their money in bonds which the Comptroller had sold in New York while redeeming said hypothecated bonds, thus leaving the money in New York instead of bringing it to Florida. This great dissapointment gave a check to the progress of our good work, and the viola- tion of the promise has otherwise wrought mischief to the State. But this unwise act of the said board towards Florida cannot efiect the real value of our new bonds. They are and will necessarily remain among the best of securities, and as soon as the late universal business panic shall have subsdied we may confidently expect them to find sale at the price fixed, and the policy of the funding law to be in a reasonable time a fair triumph for Florida. I hold the board responsible because of its emphatic endorsment of the action of its treasurer. The only excuse that I have herd is that in June the treasurer of the board saw a contract made by the Governor and Comp- troller giving the entire control of all these bonds to the New York man. I have reason to believe that the investment with him was virtually made before said treasurer saw the con- tract to which he refers. That contract will be found in the report of the Comptroller, and it will be seen that no reasonable and fair construction can torture it into such a meaning. The Comptroller was in frequent, almost daily, communication with said treasurer, urging the performance of said promise, and was as often assured that it would soon be done, that there was some difficulty in obtaining said proceeds from the purchasers of said scrip, but that it would soon be done all right. The said treasurer well knew that all of said bonds that had not been disposed of in New York were in the Comptroller's possession, in Tallahassee. I cannot imagine any good reason why we should thus have been deceived and said money left in New York instead of being brought to Florida, and I recommend an investigation with the view of ascertaining what was the inducement, provided it can be done without expense to the treasury." During this year arose a difliculty between Governor Hart and Attorney-General Cocke, growing out of the very trouble- some Vose claim against the State, which led to the Governor's asking Cocke to resign. The following extracts from the mes- sage give the Governor's version of the case and the Attorney- Genral's reply to the request to resign. " It may be seen that the suit brought in the United States moment of highest expectation of fulfillment and immediate relief of the credit and finances of the State, it turned out to our aston- ishment and consternation that the said board was deceiving us all the while, and had invested their money in bonds which the Comptroller had sold in New York while redeeming said hypothecated bonds, thus leaving the money in New York instead of bringing it to Florida. This great dissapointment gave a check to the progress of our good work, and the viola- tion of the promise has otherwise wrought mischief to the State. But this unwise act of the said board towards Florida cannot efhect the real value of our new bonds. They are and will necessarily remain among the best of securities, and as soon as the late universal business panic shall have subsdied we may confidently expect them to find sale at the price fixed, and the policy of the funding law to be in a reasonable time a fair triumph for Florida. I hold the board responsible because of its emphatic endorsment of the action of its treasurer. The only excuse that I have herd is that in June the treasurer of the board saw a contract made by the Governor and Comp- troller giving the entire control of all these bonds to the New York man. I have reason to believe that the investment with him was virtually made before said treasurer saw the con- tract to which he refers. That contract will be found in the report of the Comptroller, and it will be seen that no reasonable and fair construction can torture it into such a meaning. The Comptroller was in frequent, almost daily, communication with said treasurer, urging the performance of said promise, and was as often assured that it would soon be done, that there was some difficulty in obtaining said proceeds from the purchasers of said scrip, but that it would soon be done all right. The said treasurer well knew that all of said bonds that had not been disposed of in New York were in the Comptroller's possession, in Tailahassee. I cannot imagin any good reason why we should thus have been deceived and said money left in New York instead of being brought to Florida, and I recommend an investigation with the view of ascertaining what was the inducement, provided it can be done without expense to the treasury." During this year arose a difficulty between Governor Hate and Attorney-General Cocke, growing out of the very trouble- some Vose claim against the State, which led to the Governor's asking Cocke to resign. The following extracts from the mes- sage give the Governor's version of the case and the Attorney- Genral's reply to the request to resign. "It may be seen that the suit brought in the United States moment of highest expectation of fulfillment andimmediate relief of the credit and finances of the State, it turned out to our aston- ishment and consternation that the said board was deceiving us all the while, and had invested their money in bonds which the Comptroller had sold in New York while redeeming said hypothecated bonds, thus leaving the money in New York instead of bringing it to Florida. This great dissapointment gave a check to the progress of our good work, and the viola- tion of the promise has otherwise wrought mischief to the State. But this unwise act of the said board towards Florida cannot efiect the real value of our new bonds. They are and will eecessarily remain among the best of securities, and as soon as the late universal business panic shall have subsdied we may confidently expect them to fmd sale at the price fixed, and the policy of the funding law to be in a reasonable time a fair triumph for Florida. I hold the board responsible because of its emphatic endorsment of the action of its treasurer. The only excuse that I have herd is that in June the treasurer of the board saw a contract made by the eovernor and Comp- troller giving the entire control of all these bonds to the New York man. I have reason to believe that the investment with him was virtually made before said treasurer saw the con- tract to which he refers. That contract will be found in the report of the Comptroller, and it will be seen that no reasonable and fair construction can torture it into such a meaning. The Comptroller was in frequent, almost daily, communication with said treasurer, urging the performance of said promise, and was as often assured that it would soon be done, that there was some difficulty in obtaining said proceeds from the purchasers of said scrip, but that it would soon be done all right. The said treasurer well knew that all of said bonds that had not been disposed of in New York were in the Comptroller's possession, in Tallahassee. I cannot imagine any good reason why we should thus have been deceived and said money left in New York instead of being brought to Florida, and I recommend an investigation with the view of ascertaining what was the inducement, provided it can be done without expense to the treasury." During this year arose a difficulty between Governor Hart and Attorney-General Cocke, growing out of the very trouble- some Vose claim against the State, which led to the Governor's asking Cocke to resign. The following extracts from the mes- sage give the Governor's version of the case and the Attorney- Genral's reply to the request to resign. " It may be seen that the suit brought in the United States  CARPETBAG RULE IN FLORIDA. 233 CARPETBAG RULE IN FLORIDA. 233 CARPETBAG RULE IN FLORIDA. 233 Circoit Cottrt by F Vote againt the Booed of Teoesteeeoof the InternaltImprovemtent Fund, holding all the sw~ampnand overlowed lands inItrust foe the porpotes of the Internal Imtproement act Of 185 wsnot defentded by the foree booed, bot teas wehollytneglected and alloweed t0 go to decreeepro oesoagant that boaod osd 10 sutbsequentinterloctoydecrees,twithot any attemtpt to see befoee the court1 the equitties of the boned nd of the State tbeein. That the preeet boned hat deplored that neglet and inteded totmakeeveryoeffort possibleoinorder to gel those defenoeo oet footh befoee the c01101; tbat it oemployed ehe AttoreyGewnerol, hiemself a meeober of the booed, at its attoeeey 10 oocoooplisb it if poosiblo, folly belieting that if the eootooold be ioforeodof tbepoepotot andeffoettattd aotsof tbis booed,teooot wou~ldnot interpose tobhinderit inany twny. Atteelastetern ofooaidooet, ood afheo the Ciroit judge twho oendeeed tbo docree bad leet Plorido, tbit booed (tbe Attorney-Geneeal boiog oboent at Jacbtonville, io ottendoneten saidcooutontsaidcote) leoenedttitbnstoisbtnentnd conte- naton that oooonsentt deoeee bod beenttenodered, placing the booed inth Ie boomiliotittg oooditioo of tietoally odtmitting openly icouoet on tbe recooodstereof all the allegotioos and chaeges nmade in the plantifft bill of coonplaiot, ood teeeby adnmitting its owntotl inompetency and unfitness foe admoinitering the said teoss no teqoirod by lan, antdthatteecooet ought to appoint andotboeizeotber peons to doso init stad. t have not yet beoo able to leato that any attemnpt non tnade by said attot- ney to have said decreepo onfesso opened or to file any ase nettingforthsid defentsethbefoetoidounet. Tbe booed boon con- seqoently nettlednwith its taid attotoney to employ another to etll make note the almost hopeless effoet to get all ofosaid inteelocotory deceeenopenedso that sid defentsesoan be filednodheroughttonthe attention of the eoert. Foe thin, and foe reasons atising feonm nnreaderoadomplications, notI have elsetwhere tnted theme nf cus he Attorney-General must see the geas emharrassment of hiseremaining intheCabineteand a qniet snggestion of my desire foe hin resignation moo made to him by me persnnally wthot going into any statements ne discunsinn of the eeasns. He tnggested me to addeess him a tettee and he moold Ranwer it. I thenternte myereqest;antd hedeclined on the grnd that Ihbadnot assignedmyeeasnns. "I tent him the fotlnoitng lettee, tin.: "eEECUTIVE OFtCEe, "TALLAnASSEE, FLA., Jannaryn , 1 4 Ron. WilliamtArereCoed4Atoej-eneratlof Ftorid, Talla- hasesee, Fla.: I ERSRYu nwro etra elnn tneresign Citcnit Couet hy F. Voto aganitot the Boned of Tenestees of the Internal Improvement PFundholding all the steamy andoveefloteed tands int teost foe the poepotes of the tternal Impeovement nct of 185 a ot defentded by tho foemer boaed, hot teas tehollytteglected oand ollotwed to go to decreepro oonfeooo ngainst that boaed nd to subsequent interlocutory decrees, without any attemopt to tot before the ooet the eqoities of the boned nd of the State theen. That the peseot boned hnt deploed that neglect and intendedto make everyeffort possiblein ordee to get those defeotes set forth hefote the coot; that it employed the Aetoeney-Geneeni, himoself a membee of the honed, no its attoeney to accomeplish it if possible, folly belieoing thot if the courtouoldbe ioformed of the peposesod effotsand actssof this booed, she coot noutld oot interpose to biodee it in any may. At tho lose teem of said oort, nd after the Ciecoit jodge teho tendered tho dectee hod lobt Plorido, this honed (the Attorney-Geoneral beinf abtene at Jacbsontoille, in attendncon taidoureeon saidcase) leaenedowith astoishment and oste- notion that a consent dectee hod beent rendeeed, plaoing the honed in the bootibiatiog condition of itoally admittdng openty in couneeoo the records eheteof all the allegationts nd ehatges mode in the ytointifl's hilt of complait, and thetoby admitting its onototal inompeteecyantd onfitness foe administerintg the said tousts as reqoired hy tote, andethat theooort ooghtetoappoitn nd aothorize othee persons so do so initsotead. t havenot yetsbeen able 10 l~e that ooyattemoptnwasmade by said ntoe- ney to have said decreeepro oefeo opened orto file antyase setting fnrth said defenseo befoesaidooet. Thehboatd havte eon- seqoensly settled nith its said attotney to employ anothee en stilt make EoN she almost hopeless effort to get all of said interlocutory decreees opened sothat saiddefensesocan behfledandhbrought tothe attention of the coooet. Poe this, and foe reasoos aeising feom ouneradloadompicaions, asIhoe elsemhete stated them, nf corethe Attne-General must see the great embateassment nf his eemaining in the Cahinet, and a qoiet snggestion of my desire foe his resignatin tens mode to him by me personally teithnntgongtintnany satements ordiscssinn of the raos He suggested me tn addeess him a lettee and he mould ase it. tthentweote myereqnest;andhe decined onthe gond thattIhad ntassigned myereasns. I sent him the follnwing lettere viz.: "TALLAHtASSEE, FLA.,Jnnarya t874- lion. Wi//iane Achder Cooke, A~o/eeteGeneral of Fordan, Tala. hasee, Plot.. IIDEAR SIR-Youanswereof yesteeday declining tn resign Ciecoit Cooet byPF. Vose aganst the Booed of Teoestees of the Inteernal Improvement Pond, holding all the steamy and overfloteed lands iE tense foe the poeposes ofethetnealtImpoement nct Of 185 twasnot defended by tho former honed, hot tens tehollyttegloected and alloned lo go to deceepo otNfeooa gainst that honed and to substequenttinerlocutory decees, without any attempt to set before the eoort the equities of thehboard and of the State theeeitt. That the preoeot booed hon deploted that neglect and inteoded to make every effoet possible in order to get these defeoses see foeth befote the coot; that it employed the Attoeney-Geneol, himself a mener of the booed, as its attoeney to accottylish it if possihle, folly belieoieg that if the oootoold beintfoeotedofthe poeyosesoand effoets aod acsof thio honed, the coort would not Enterpose to hintder it io any may. At the lasttertoof saidourt, and aftee the Circoit jodge seho eendered the decree had left Plorida, thio honed (the Aetoeoey-Geoeeol beiog abseot as Jacksonville, in attendane o said court onsaid case) learned ith astonishment andonster- notion thot aoconsoetdecreoehadeenen~dered, placinggthe honed int the houmtdiating condiiont of tirtoally admitting openly in 00001 oE the records thereof alt the allegations and chaeges made in the ploiotiffs bill of contploint, and thetehy admitting its owntotal inompetencynd oofitoess foe admietioteting the said teoots as reqtired by law, and that the coort ought to appint andoouthoie otheopesostodoso in its stead.tIhaent yethbeeooabletolearn thot aoyattemptteastoade by said ottne- neystohave sid deeepoonfessoopened orto file any ase settitngfoeth said defenses hefoee said ooet. Theohooed hose on- sequentdy settled with its said attoettey to employ anothee to still mahe nothe almost hopeletsseffoetetogetnallnf said intelocoy derees opened sothat said defenses eon he filedoandherooght to the atsendion nfethetcoort. Poe this, and foe easons noising from nneeraderoadeomplicaionss, ostI have elsetehere stated them, nf onese the Attorney-Generalimust see the geat embarreassment of his eemainittg in she Cabinet, and a qoiet snggestion of my desiee foe his resignation tens made tn him by me peesonally twithoot gotngintnaaty statementsnerdiscossin nf theesns. He soggested me In addes him a lettee and he teould ase it. thenteeotemyereqnestand he delinedeontheground thatsIhbd ntssigned myesons. 'I sent hims the following letter, vi.: "EXEeCUTIVE DeFtE, "TALLAHSSEE, FPL.,Januarya,t1 87. RHon. Wi/late Achder Cooke, AttorneyfGeneral of Fltida, Tad/a- haoee, Plat., 'IDEAR htR-Ynne anseref yeserday deliing tn resign  234 CARPETBAG RULE IN FLORIDA. because I had assigned no reasons for my request, is at hand. I regret this because I did not expect it of you, even if there had been nothing special between us on the subject. If I remember rightly, from the first you voluntarily informed me, quite as a matter of course, that if at any time I should desire a change a very slight mention of it would produce your resignation promptly. Your course of non-action in the Anderson case, after fully understanding the course which the administration thought it best to pursue, and, though expressing your difference of opinion on one point only, yet promising official co-opera- tion, and a reasonable certainty of success in getting the decree pro confesso against us opened so as to let in the defenses of the State; and the effects and consequences of that course to the State; your letter read in the Supreme Court of the United States, your letter in the newspaper implying a charge agains, the administration, and your consent decree in the Vose caset furnish me with my reasons for desiring your resignation. When you think calmly for a moment upon these things, and upon the subsequent action of the Board of Trustees of the Internal Improvement Fund on the subject of said consent decree,'and of its attorney, which action you have reason to know that I approve, you cannot help but see that you have placed yourself in antagonism, and that you and the adcministra- tion cannot any longer work together in confidence and har- mony, which the public interests so much require. "I am, very respectfully, your obedient servant. "OSSIAN B. HART, " Governor of Florida. "In answer to which letter I have received the following reply, viz.: "ATTORNEY-GENERAL's OFFICE, 1 "lTALLAHASSEE, FLA., January e, 1874. "To His Excellency, 0. B. Hart, Governor State of Flolda : "SIR-YOur letter of this date is received. I consider that in the discharge of my official duties I have followed the law and my solemn conviction of right. I hope to act in harmony with the administration, but as the Attorney-General of the State I must pursue such course as the law indicates and I conceive for the best interests of the State. The reasons assigned by you not being sufficient, I therefore respectfully refuse to resign the office of Attorney-General. "Most respectfully, your obedient servant, "WILLIAM ARCHER COCKE, "Attorney-General of the State of Florida. 234 CARPETBAG RULE IN FLoRIDA. because I had assigned no reasons for my request, is at hand. I regret this because I did not expect it of you, even if there had been nothing special between uts on the subject. If I remember rightly, from the first you voluntarily informed me, quite as a matter of course, that if at any time I should desire a change a very slight mention of it would produce your resignation promptly. Your course of non-action in the Anderson case, after fully understanding the course which the administration thought it best to pursue, and, though expressing your difference of opinion on one point only, yet promising official co-opera- tion, and a reasonable certainty of success in getting the decree pro confesso against us opened so as to let in the defenses of the State; and the effects and consequences of that course to the State; your letter read in the Supreme Court of the United States, your letter in the newspaper implying a charge agains, the administration, and your consent decree in the Vose caset furnish me with my reasons for desiring your resignation. When you think calmly for a moment upon these things, and upon the subsequent action of the Board of Trustees of the Internal Improvement Fund on the subject of said consent decree,and of its attorney, which action you have reason to know that I approve, you cannot help but see that you have placed yourself in antagonism, and that you and the administra- tion cannot any longer work together in confidence and har- mony, which the public interests so much require. "lI am, very respectfully, your obedient servant. OSSIAN B. HART, " Governor of Florida. "In answer to which letter I have received the following reply, viz.: " ATTORNEv-GENERAL's OFFICE, ' "TALLAHASSEE, FLA., January 2, 1874. j To His Excellency, 0. B. Hart, Governor State of eFlorda : "SIR-Your letter of this date is received. I consider that in the discharge of my official duties I have followed the law and my solemn conviction of right. I hope to act in harmony with the administration, but as the Attorney-General of the State I must pursue such course as the law indicates and I conceive for the best interests of the State. The reasonsassigned by you not being sufficient, I therefore respectfully refuse to resign the office of Attorney-General. "Most respectfully, your obedient servant, "WILLIAM ARCHER COCKE, Attorney-General of the State of Florida. 234 CARPETBAG RULE IN FLORIDA. because I bad assigned no reasons for my request, is at hand. I regret this because I did not expect it of you, even if there had been nothing special between us on the subject. If I remember rightly, fron the first you voluntarily informed me, quite as a matter of course, that if at any time I should desire a change a very slight mention of it would produce your resignation promptly. Your course of non-action in the Anderson case, after fully understanding the course which the administration thought it best to pursue, and, though expressing your difference ofopinion on one point only, yet promising official co-opera- tion, and a reasonable certainty of success in getting the decree pro confesso against us opened so as to let in the defenses of the State; and the effects and consequences of that course to the State; your letter read in the Supreme Court of the United States, your letter in the newspaper implying a charge agains, the administration, and your consent decree in the Vose caset furnish me with my reasons for desiring your resignation. When you think calmly for a moment upon these things, and upon the subsequent action of the Board of Trustees of the Internal Improvement Fund on the subject of said consent decree,'and of its attorney, which action you have reason to know that I approve, you cannot help but see that you have placed yourself in antagonism, and that you and the administra- tion cannot any longer work together in confidence and har- mony, which the public interests so much require. "lI am, very respectfully, your obedient servant. OSSIAN B. HART, " Governor of Florida. "In answer to which letter I have received the following reply, viz.: "ATTORNEY-GENERAL's OFFICE, "TALLAHASSEE, FLA., January 2, 1874. To His Excellency, O. B. Hart, Governor State of Florida : "ISR-Your letter of this date is received. I consider that in the discharge of my official duties I have followed the law and my solemn conviction of right. I hope to act in harmony with the administration, but as the Attorney-General of the State I must pursue such course as the law indicates and I conceive for the best interests of the State. The reasons assigned by you not being sufficient, I therefore respectfully refuse to resign the office of Attorney-General. "Most respectfully, your obedient servant, "WILLIAM ARCHER COCKE, "Attorney-General of the State of Florida.  CARPETBAG RULE IN ILORIDA. 235 ''It tmay be seent that the "'Cabinet of adminitrative officers," who, the Coostitutioet provides, sholl aid the Goveror, iserequeired, by this refusal, to enduee the preece in it of an Attorey Goeerl io twbose abilitioss e laoyer, and diligeoce in atteoding tn bis impotaett duties io tbeourots, the Goveeor bas lost all confidence. Believing tbat the interests of the Stete require it, I recomtmettd action by te Legisletureein the At thist imoe the holders of certain hoods of the Staeoissoed int aid of the Jachsonville, Penscoia & Mobile Railroed, knowot athte Dutch Btondodnlders, theottgh thoe attoneyt tmede the fol- tttoittg peotest, twhich oas leid before the Legisturene by the Govnor To tde Govnoo ftto Slte of Floridca Tite uoderoigtned respiectfttlly repreett titet he it the dely ettltnnictagent in thin conoteyof Gleo. M. Biseioet, Joteph Zadnoho, Adriatt Stoop, Adrin J. Mildoet, N. J. dett Ten nd mtny othet peont esoiding in the Kingdomt of Holnod cnd olsethee, botta fide pttherst cod holders to a er toprnge amntnt, to-nit: to the amont nf tee then theee mtillin dolltrstof tlehbnddof teb tateof Floid,istted by titlesid Stateitt aid of theJckhonvile, Poenca& Mohile Rcilennd Conttty, and heaeittg dote the firest daynof Jantuary, A. Di. 1tt70, payaeon the fleet day of January, A. fD. igon, and which bondsnoereisstuedby the saidStae ti nder cnd in pureceof act of the Legislature thereof, potted Jttne cit 1t869, etnd the oseeal amteodoetteeto, in twhictt not end amnttteodtstit oascand is atng otereethings, peo ided,nt io echange foe the hoods oissutedby the neid State, te companyshould ee cuteanddelivertto the caid State ittsott fircttmoetgagehbond, embracngitallndcigulareitsecilod peopertycadppue- tenace,c ndtwtich lattebondswereesoisttedand deiveeed to I te State, in comtpice with the leos aforesaid, end eee note bold by te Stato ac a tructee foe the beoefit of the puechaees of teesaid State bondse asn fuethertscuroity of the same. The undesifgned furtther repreoents thtat it was the dttty of the Stete of Flntidato dfend attd proectthtolien of thebndod te said Railroad Compaynyo issued as foroeid, forthebenefit of alltconctentdin the preservation of sctttien,eandforethis pu- fete thtrough its agets cod officerst eere all doe diligence topevoent tlt ttoessoofconyond allcateopts otimspirthesid itb lefgal proceeditnfs or noteie. 'the unodersigned further repreents that Ctoere isn ow peod- CAPTBGRUEI FLUtID. 235 "IC otay he seeo that ehe "Canet of admtioistrative officees," who, the Conotitutioo provides, shell aid the Goverore, it required, by Chit refusot, en eoduee the peece in it of n Attoneey General io cose abitities as a lawyer, and ditigence io attending Co hit imoraneat duties in the courtsc, the Goveeor hac loot nil confidence. Btelieoiog that the ittterests of the State requ~ire it, I reeommtend nctin hy the Legislaetuee io te AC thic titme the holdees of certaine bonds of the Stole iscued itt aid of the Jacksonville, Peosacola & htobile Rcilroad, hknown no tetch Bto noldec, throttfh theie attotneys monde the Pot. lowing protest, whlich toen laid before the Legislatture by thte Yoldhe Gtenoof Cte Slt of F/cridat Tloe undersigtted resectftully reoltentt tltct he it the duly cauthorized agent in tiicLoutryteof Gleo, M. ltoiseon, Joseph Zndcbo, Adanct Stoop, Adrin J. Mildeco, N. J. dt Tex and macny oter pesons residing in the Kingdomtof Hollandeond elsewhee, btoca fide puechacerc and holdeots toa ery laege amontt-oil: to tite antonot of tor th ian tre million dolbars of ete bndc of the State of Floeidc, iscsted by te scid Stole in cid of the Jaoconville, Pooencl & Mobile Raiteoad Cotopaay, and beaeitngdate the fert daypof Januarey, A. D. 1870, payable on the Secst day of Janttcry, A. Di. 1900, eod which bondsweeisstted by thecaidhtte ttndet aod ic purcstanceof acto~f thetLegislature thereof, passedJutne 04, 1869, andthe severaliamedmntsotheetoet, intwhih lt attiaendmtentsit wasand is amng other things, provided, atd inexhange for thehbondssoistued by the said Stole, ttetcomtpanychould exe- cute end delivereto the said State itsoon fisttortgageobonds, embracntgoalland ingulareitseoilroad popety andeppte terncos, and whlich lctter bondsnee to icssued and delivered Co thohState, is comopliacte with the lewt aforeceid, and ate now held by tite State ac a trustt foe the bonefit of the putchacees of the ccid State bntds at a furthercsottrity nf te satoe. The utndersifgted futherrepresetsc titat itccac ete dutty of the State af loida todefedattd atotet te lien oftltehboodsof the saidttRailroad Comantyso isued asaforesaid, fortthebnefit of all concernedin the ipreservation of stuchlien,ndfor tispr- pose theough its agets and officeec Co exorcise all dno diligence to prevent thostccess ofany and allattemptsctoimpirtheaid liettb heg~al procee~dinso o hrie The utndersigned ftutther represents that thete isonow pend- CARPETBAG RULE IN FLORIDA. 235i "t olaf he seeo that the "Cabioet of ndooioioteative officers," who, the Cnstitutioo peovides, shell aid the Goveroe, is eequieed, by Chit refocal, to toduee the preseooe io it of n Attotoey Goeeral in twhose abilities en a laoyee, and diligence in attending Ca his ompoetant duties in the ourets, the Goveor hat Inst all onfidence. Believing that the itatetests of the State requ~ire it, I rectnomend actin by the Legislattttein te At tii little the holders of ceetain bonds of the State issuted itt aid of the Jckhonvill, Peosacola & Mobile Railtoad, kownt as thte Dutch Bondhtolder, throttgh theit attoeneys otade the fol- lowittg p0rotest, wohich was laid before the Legislatttre by the Goeror Tolde GoverttorofotheSlteoof Florda Toe utodettigneod respFctftully reeets titat he in the daly auCtorizedagent in tii Foutryeof Gio. Il. Boitetait, Joseph Zadachs, Atiacn Stoop, Adeion J. Milder, N. J. decl Too nd manoy otheFF persons restidittg in the Kingdome of Hollaod cod elsetthere, Sona fde pattchaseec and holtdets en a veey laege amnttt, to-oil: to the attont of moree than three mtillin dollaes of te bonds of the State of Florida, issue~d by the said State itt aid of the Jacksnville, Penscola & Mobile Railtoad Cottpatty, and beating date the fert daypof Janttary, A. D. 1870, payable ott the firt day of Jantuaey, A. Di. goo, nd whicht bondstwereisstuedhbytheotaid Sate tndert cod in pursuaceof an actof the Lgilatuetheoflpassed June 24, 1869, andthe seveeal amtendoaents Chereto, io which ct ad amnodmoents it waand isamntg othetig, paeoiaed,atdinexchange for thehbonddcsoissuodby the said Stole, the coompany should ee Lctre and deliver to the said State its own Secst otgage hoods, etmbracigcallad ingulareiteailoadprpetyadappte- tenances, and whtich latter bods were so isstued and delivered to the State, io omopliance twith the lnws afoeenaid, and aee ow held by tite State at trentee foF the benefit of the puases of the said Statebottds as a fuether ecurity of the seine. The undesigned futhereeseoonts t ni wathe duty of the State of Florida to defend antdprtettie lion of teeboodsnof the said Railroad Compotany soissueod asaforesaid, forthehbenefitof al ocre nteprtesetion ofsclien, and foethisopu- foselethhits getsandfficersotooexercise all doe dilifence topev~enttile Sttccess ofany and llttemtpitstoimpaire aid liFn bF Ingot protceedintgsootheetwse. the unodesigned further tepees C that thee it onow peod-  236i CARPEonTBA nRLo IL ORIDtAno. ing in the Cieeeit Cact of the United Sttes of the Fifth Cie- cuit and Northern District of the Stote of Florida, an notion, in ethich Edwenrd C. Andeeson, Jr., and othees ate phtintiffs, and the Jackonveille, Pensacoaoond Mobile RailroadComtpanynand others are, defeodants, in which notion the bill ef cotmplaint went filed en ee about the 24th day of July, 1872, and which notion hat foe ite object the foecleoue of a peetended totgage lien uon those factsoef the line of the Joahtootville, Pensocola and Mobile Raileroad Comtpony heeetofoee kcoot as the Pensacoln and Georgia Roilroad and the TallahaseeeRailroad. The under- signed futhee repeents that the Stole of Flteida, throgh its Goveenoe, Attorney-Geneenl, and peoyee officees, had doe notite fonappearenoddefendthtetsaidosui, and werettequested to do so on behalf of the bondholders, chant the undeetigned now rpe setoo t roefusedtoaappeareortake any actionoin thetname, and whollynd entirelytnglected theie doty in the premtitet, and peermitted n jodgtoent and decree to be tahen by dofalt it faor of the plantiffs in the snid notion, notwithstanding the foot, which the planiff in infoerted and helievet to he tre, that the pretended mortlgage lion, astseted by the plaintiffscinteeoaid action, hadndhave no existenoetwhntever. Itbhasbeen con- stanctlyerepesnted an behalf of the snid State. by its officees, including the fGoceenoe, that the bondo of the Jacksonville, Pen- oncola and Mobile Raileoad Compynny deliteted en the Stnte were aofiestlenauponathe entirehlit of the said Copany, andethnt fnt hnsheensoodeclaed iothe opinionooflawyersofthe Stnte of Flotida, feomo titme en timee consuted on shot subject, and 00 the andeenigned believes it a judicial decision of the higheot coctet of tbnt State, and the bondholdees, tohomt the undersigned repeesent, pchaedtbondtofoheoStnteof Floridnoupon the fnbaitfschepeentaionsonndsuchopinion. Theaundee- signed isinfortmed that in and by the dectee in the enact referred to, itis diecoted thotthntopetofthe line oferaderefeered to ohnll be told on the fifth day of Janary peoxitma. The undeesigned, an behalf and by the ditecton of the puechnoees and holdoers of the Stole boedo eefoeed to, and sehonm he repeentse as hereibefaee stated, herehy peotesto agninst the notion of the State of Floeida in the premesnto no wanting in good fnith to the Seeaefide puechnsets of its bands. And foe- thee peroests against the snid judicinl decreend the notion of the State of Floridaoinpernmitting thesaeeto beerendeeed; and panr- ticuarly peotests against the propoed tale of the snid Raileoad, oe any pat theeof thereundee; and against anynand nil pen- cedingo tahen, or to be tahen, in the snid canoe, no agantit good faith, contrary to late and of no validity agnint the bondholdees, on wehose behalf ohis proteol it made, and on whose hehalf snob 236i CARPETBoG RUEtLO RIDA leg in the Ciecuit Couet of the United States of the Fifth Cie- cuit and Noethern District of the State of Florida, an action, in which Edwaed C. Anderson, Je., nd othees ate plaintiffs, and the Jacsonville, Penacola and Mobdle Raileoad Company and othees are defenants, in which action the bill tf comylaino tent filed on oe aout the a4th day of July, 1872, and wchich action haseforeitsobject the forecloueeoffa prteedo rtegagehlen uponithoepoetsof the line of the Jacksonvlleo, Pensacola and Mohile Raileoad Company horetofoe kown an the Pensacola nd Georgia Railroad and the Tallahassee Railroad. The under- tigned furthertepeents oboe the State of Florida, throgh its Governor, Attorney-General, and propee officees, had doe notice fo appearnnd defendtte saidonit, and weeequested to do no on bhalf of the bondholderseom the undeesigned nwrpe sent,butreefused toapyeareortahe annactinin thesame, and wholly and entirely neglected theit doty in the tremtises, nd permitted a judgmnst and decee to be taboo by default in faor of the plaintiffs in the said actin, noewithstanding the fact, tehich the plaintiff it infoermed and believes to be tone, that the preendedwmotgagehlin, asseetedby the plaintiffs it the said actio, hadand havenoeitecehatee. Itbhanhbee con- otantlytrepeeeted on behalf of the said State. by ion officers, meclodic5 the fGovernor, that the bonds of the Jacksnville, Pen- sacola and Mobile Raileoad Comtpanydelieered to te Statewee a firstolienuponotheocieline ti the said Comtpanyandothat fact hasbeen so declared icc the opinion of lawers of the State of Florida, fromntimeto timeo consulted othaoosubject, andoos the undersigned believcs in a judicial decision of the higheot courtonfthaotntte, and the bondhlder, whomtheaundeesigned repeents, purchased See bondsoof the State of Floeida upon the faith of oath representatinons andosuch opinion0. The undee- signed is informced that in and by the decee in the canoe refeered tao itoi directedthat that part of the hone ofeaoadeeferredo shall he told on the fifh day of Janary proximo. The undeeoigned, on behalf and by the diection of the paurhnasers and holders of the State bonds refered to, and sehom he eepesents an heteinbeone otated, hereby protests against the action of the State of Plotida in the peemises at wanting in good faith toethedasnafide purchasersoof its bondo. And fue- thee peotests against the said judioial decreeeand the action of the State of Floeida an permitting the same tohberendeeed; and pae- ticulaely protst againthpoppoedsaleofotheosaid Railrad, oe any pat thereof thereunder; and against noyand all pea- ceedings tahen, cr to be taboo, in the oaid canoe, at agaiinot good faith, conoeaey to law and of no validity against the bondholdeet, on whose behalf ohio protest it mode, and on whose behalf each 236i CoRETBAG RULE IN FLORIDA. ing in the Ciecuit Court of the United Staten of the Fifth Cie- cuitand NoheenoDisteict of theStateof Floeida, an notion, in which Edwaed C. Anderon, Jt., nd others are plaintiffs, nd the Jacksnville, Pensacola and Mobile Railroad Company and others are defendants, in which action the bill of complaint tent Siled an or abcout the 24th day of July, 1872, end which action has fortitsobject the foreclosureeof a pretended mnortgage lien uon ihose pants of the line of the Jachsnville, Pensacola and Mobile Raileoad Company heeretoore hon an tho Pensacola and Goregia Railroad and the Tallahassee Railroad. The under- signed further repesents that the State at Flotida, through its Governoe, Ateorney-Geeral, and pteper officers, hod due nottice toappearand defcndelteosidni, andtwererequestod to do s an behalf of the bondhlders, what, the undersigned nowtore tenets, buteeefusedtoeappeanore any action ineheam, and wholly and entiely neglected their duty in the peieso, and permitted a judgmnene and dectee to he tahen by default in faor of the plaintiffs in the said action, noetwithstnding the fact, which the plaintiff in informced and belietes to he ttoe, that the pretended mortgage lien, assected by the plaintiffst in the said action, had andbhave noeitecewhatee. Itbhasbeen can- ttlyepesented on behalf tf the said State. by ito Officers, including the Govetor, that the bonds of the Jacksonville, Pten- sacola and Mobile Raiload Compnpoydelivcred to te Stateswere a firstlenuponethe entireelineat the said Companyandethat factbhasheenoodeclaeed i the opininflawyersfoh State of Flotida, feet, time to tine consulted enobhan subject, and es the andeesigoed belieoes in a jodicial decision of teo highest courtaof chat State, andbhe bondolder, wometheoundersigned eepreoents,purchased the bondseof the State of Floridanupon the faithof such reopreesentations andsuchbopinin. Theondee- signed isinformed that inand bthedecree in the canoe referred lob it i directedebhatthat part of the hone ofroadeefeeredo shall be told n the fifth day of January peoximo. The andeesigned, on behalf and by the dirction tf the puchasees and holders of the State bondt refeered to, and wham he tepesents an heceinbefoe coated, heeby peroests againtthe actonotf the State tf Florida in tbe pemises an wantng in good fithto thenafde puchsers of its hoods. And fur- thee perotests against the said judicial docreetand the notion of the Stateeof Floridanin permttingothetsameohberendeeed; and par- ticarly protests against the proposed tale of the said Railroad, oe any pat thereof thoeender; and against any and all pea- ceedingo oaken, oe lo be oaken, in the said canoe, no againsot good faith, contrary to law and of no ealidity againot the bondholdero, on whooe behalf this protet in made, and on whote behalf each  CARPETBAG RULE IN FLORIDA. proceedings will hereafter be taken in the premises as they may be advised are necessary for the full protection of their rights. The undersigned further protests, in the names, and on behalf of the said holders of the said bonds of the State of Florida, against the failure of the State of Florida to pay the interest thereon at maturity, according to the tenor of its obliga- tions, as an act of bad faith not only unjust to the said bond- holders, but unlawful in itself, and an act of repudiation destruc- tive to the credit of the State of Florida, rendering her promises and obligations worthless in the markets of the world. The undersigned, in the name and on behalfof the said hold- ers of the bonds of the State of Florida, demands that the State of Florida shall, with all due diligence, take whatever steps may be necessary to prevent the sale of any part of the line of the said Jacksonville, Pensacola and Mobile Railroad under the said decree, or under any other proceeding of whatsoever kind, which can in any way impair or affect the lien of the bonds of the said Jacksonville, Pensacola and Mobile Railroad as a first and prior lien now held by the State as aforesaid for the security of its obligations to the State and through the State as a Trustee for the security of the holders and purchasers of the State bonds. The undersigned, in the name and on behalf of the said hollers of the bonds of the State of Florida, also demands that the State of Florida shall make provision for the prompt payment of the outstanding and over-due coupons of its bonds, hereinbefore referred to, and give due and public notice of the time and place of such payment, in order that such coupons may be duly presented at the time and place designated for payment. (Signed) ROBERT H. HARDAWAY, Attorney for M. K. Jesup & Company, of the City and State of New York, who are lawful Attorneys for George M. Bocse- vain, Joseph Zadack, Adrian Stoop, Adrian'J. Milders, and N. J. deu Tex. Witness-EDWARD M. WEsT, Justice of the Peace. This protest, while looking plausible on paper, was con- ceived in sin and born in iniquity. The Democratic papers throughout the State were denouncing the action of the Acting Governor Stearns is employing, without authority of law, counsel to bring suit in the United States Supreme Court to saddle the four million fraudulent Littlefield bonds upon the people of Flor- ida, and he, fearing an anti-administration Legislature, instigated this protest to cover his foot-prints. It will be seen by the mes- CARPETBAG RULE IN FLORIDA. proceedings will hereafter be taken in the premises as they may be advised are necessary for the full protection of their rights. The undersigned further protests, in the names, and on behalf of the said holders of the said bonds of the State of Florida, against the failure of the State of Florida to pay the interest thereon at maturity, according to the tenor of its obliga- tions, as an act of bad faith not only unjust to the said bond- holders, but unlawful in itself, and an act of repudiation destruc- tive to the credit of the State of Florida, rendering her promises and obligations Worthless in the markets of the world. The undersigned, in the name and on behalfof the said hold- ers of the bonds of the State of Florida, demands that the State of Florida shall, with all due diligence, take whatever steps may be necessary to prevent the sale of any part of the line of the said Jacksonville, Pensacola and Mobile Railroad under the said decree, or under any other proceeding of whatsoever kind, which can in any way impair or affect the lien of the bonds of the said Jacksonville, Pensacola and Mobile Railroad as a first and prior lien now held by the State as aforesaid for the security of its obligations to the State and through the State as a Trustee for the security of the holders and purchasers of the State bonds. The undersigned, in the name and on behalf of the said holders of the bonds of the State of Florida, also demands that the State of Florida shall make provision for the prompt payment of the outstanding and over-due coupons of its bonds, hereinbefore referred to, and give due and public notice of the time and place of such payment, in order that such coupons may be duly presented at the time and place designated for payment. (Signed) ROBERT H. HAleDAWAY, Attorney for M. K. Jesup & Company, of the Cityoand State of New York, who are lawful Attorneys for George M. Bocse- vain, Joseph Zadack, Adrian Stoop, Adrian J. Milders, and N. J. deu Tex. Witness-EDWARD M. WEST, Justce of the Peace. This protest, while looking plausible on paper, was con- ceived in sin and born in iniquity. The Democratic papers throughout the State were denouncing the action of the Acting Governor Stearns is employing, without authority of law, counsel to bring suit in the United States Supreme Court to saddle the four million fraudulent Littlefield bonds upon the people of Flor- ida, and he, fearing an anti-administration Legislature, instigated this protest to cover his foot-prints. It will be seen by the mes- CARPETBAG RULE IN FLORIDA. proceedings will hereafter be taken in the premises as they may be advised are necessary for the full protection of their rights. The undersigned further protests, in the names, and on behalf of the said holders of the said bonds of the State of Florida, against the failure of the State of Florida to pay the interest thereon at maturity, according to the tenor of its obliga- tions, as an act of bad faith not only unjust to the said bond- holders, but unlawful in itself, and an act of repudiation destruc- tive to the credit of the State of Florida, rendering her promises and obligations worthless in the markets of the world. The undersigned, in the name and on behalfof the said hold- ers of the bonds of the State of Florida, demands that the State of Florida shall, with all due diligence, take whatever steps may be necessary to prevent the sale of any part of the line of the said Jacksonville, Pensacola and Mobile Railroad under the said decree, or under any other proceeding of whatsoever kind, which can in any way impair or affect the lien of the bonds of the said Jacksonville, Pensacola and Mobile Railroad as a first and prior lien now held by the State as aforesaid for the security of its obligations to the State and through the State as a Trustee for the security of the holders and purchasers of the State bonds. The undersigned, in the name and on behalf of the said holders of the bonds of the State of Florida, also demands that the State of Florida shall make provision for the prompt payment of the outstanding and over-due coupons of its bonds, hereinbefore referred to, and give due and public notice of the time and place of such payment, in order that such coupons may be duly presented at the time and place designated for payment. (Signed) ROBERT H. HARDAWAY, Attorney for M. K. Jesup & Company, of the City and State of New York, who are lawful Attorneys for George M. Bocse- vain, Joseph Zadack, Adrian Stoop, Adrian'J. Milders, and N. J. deu Tex. Witness-EDwARD M. WEST, Jusice of the Peace. This protest, while looking plausible on paper, was con- ceived in sin and born in iniquity. The Democratic papers throughout the State weere denouncing the action of the Acting Governor Stearns is employing, without authority of law, counsel to bring suit in the United States Supreme Court to saddle the four million fraudulent Littlefield bonds upon the people of Flor- ida, and he, fearing an anti-administration Legislature, instigated this protest to cover his foot-prints. It will be seen by the mes-  238 CARPETBAG RULE IN FLORIDA. sage of Governor Hart, Assembly journal of 1874, p. 29, that the suit was commenced in the summer of 1873, and the pro- test of the bondholders was not filed until the 29th of December of that year. The administration afterwards furnished another glaring bit of testimony showing the tter insincerity of its action. D. P. Holland, who claimed that he had bought the Jacksonville, Pensacola and Mobile Railroad, by virtue of an execution isued out of the United States Circuit Court, Northern District of Florida, and held a deed thereunder, was importuned by the members of the Ring to offer to sell his interest to the State, which he acceded to. The condition on which he offered to sell the road to the State and put it in possession was that there should be paid to him sixty-two thousand five hundred and thirty-three dollars, together with costs and interest, the State assuming the amount then due on account of the operating expenses and repaying the sums of cash that he had borrowed to improve the property, and he- to take his pay in the six per cent. bonds of the State at the price fixed by law. This propo- sition was equally acceptable to the ring, and a bill was intro- duced in the Legislature to carry the proposition into effect- The Ring now called a Republican caucus, and James Johnson, carpet-bagger, and Mt. L. Stearns, Lieutenant-Govenor, ap- peared before it in advocacy of the passage of the bill as a strictly party measure. They said in their speeches before the caucus that if this measure was passed, " Old Dyke " and the Democratic party would be utterly outgeneraled and as mad the " fretful porcupine." Attorey-General Cocke had explained this scheme to the members of the Legislature, who did not understand it before, and the colored members from the counties of Leon and Alachua, With the assistance of part of the delega- tion from Duval, had an understanding with the whites to defeat the measure. The Leon and Alachua delegations and honest Dan McInnis froo Duval County, gave the ring to understand that they would sote for the bill, though they did not tell them so. These delegations made no resistance in the caucus, there- fore the Ring thought they were all right. Attorey-General Cocke prepared soome telling points and placed them in the hands of soce of the colored members to be used in the attack. 2038 CARPETBAG RULE IN FLORIDA. sage of Governor Hart, Assembly journal of 1874, p. 29, that the suit was commenced in the summer of 1873, and the pro- test of the bondholders was not filed until the 29th of December of that year. The administration afterwards furnished another glaring bit of testimony showing the utter insincerity of its action. D. P. Holland, who claimed that e had bought the Jacksonville, Pensacola and Mobile Railroad, by virtue of an execution issued out of the United States Circuit Court, Northern District of Florida, and held a deed thereunder, as importuned by the members of the Ring to offer to sell his interest to the State, which he acceded to. The condition on which he offered to sell the road to the State and pot in possssion was that there should be paid to him sixty-two thousand five hundred and thirty-three dollars, together with costs and interest, the State assuming the amount then due on account of the operating expenses and repaying the sums of cash that he had borrowed to improve the property, and he- to take his pay in the six per cent. bonds of the State at the price fixed by law. This propo- sition was equally acceptable to the ring, and a bill was intro- duced in the Legislature to carry the proposition into effect- The Ring now called a Republican caucus, and James Johnson, carpet-bagger, and Mo. L. Stearns, Lieutenant-Governor, ap- peared before it in advocacy of the passage of the bill as a strictly party measure. They said in their speeches before the caucus that if this measure was passed, " Old Dyke" and the Democratic party would be utterly outgeneraled and as mad the " fretful porcupine." Attorney-General Cocke had explained this scheme to the members of the Legislature, who did not understand it before, and the colored members from the counties of Leon and Alachua, with the assistance of part of the delego- tion from Duval, had an understanding with the whites to defeat the measure. The Leon and Alachua delegations and honest Dan McInnis from Duval County, gave the ring to understand that they would vote for the bill, though they did not tell them so. These delegations made no resistance in the caucus, there- fore the Ring thought they were all right. Attorney-General Cocke prepared some telling points and placed them in the hands of some of the colored members to be used in the attack. 238 CARPETBAG RULE IN FLORIDA. sage of Governor Hart, Assembly Journal Of 1874, p. 29, that the suit was commenced in the summer of 1873, and the pro- test of the bondholders was not filed until the 29th of December of that year. The administration afterwards furnished another glaring bit of testimony showing the utter insincerity of its action. D. P. Holland, who claimed that he had bought the Jacksonville, Pensacola and Mobile Railroad, by virtue of an execution isued out of the United States Circuit Court, Northern District of Florida, and held a deed thereunder, was importuned by the members of the Ring to offer to sell his interest to the State, which he acceded to. The condition on which he offered to sell the road to the State and put it in possession was that there should be paid to him sixty-two thousand five hundred and thirty-three dollars, together with costs and interest, the State assuming the amount then due on account of the operating expenses and repaying the sums of cash that he had borrowed to improve the property, and he- to take his pay in the six per cent. bonds of the State at the price fixed by law. This propo- sition was equally acceptable to the ring, and a bill was intro- duced in the Legislature to carry the proposition into effect- The Ring now called a Republican caucus, and James Johnson, carpet-bagger, and M. L. Stearns, Lieutenant-Governor, ap)- peared before it in advocacy of the passage of the bill as a strictly party measure. They said in their speeches before the caucus that if this measure was passed, " Old Dyke " and the Democratic party w'ould be utterly outgeneraled and as mad the " fretful porcupine." Attorney-General Cocke had explained this scheme to the members of the Legislature, who did not understand it before, and the colored members from the counties of Leon and Alachua, with the assistance of part of the delega- tion from Duval, had an understanding with the whites to defeat the measure. The Leon and Alachua delegations and honest Dan McInnis from Duval County, gave the ring to understand that they would vote for the bill, though they did not tell them so. These delegations made no resistance in the caucus, there- fore the Ring thought they were all right. Attorney-General Cocke prepared some telling points and placed them in the hands of some of the colored members to be used in the attack.  CARPETBAG RULE IN FLORIDA. 239 CARPETBAG RULE IN FLORIDA. 239 CARPETBAG RULEtINaFLORIDA. 239 The bill was called up, and the Rineg teas happy in the assurance that they wvoald heat no opposition froto any of the Repuhlican toemobers, while somoe of the Denmoctats, weho did not hnon that enooghecolored tnohadhbeenosecuredto dfeat thehill, had blood is theirteyes and note hooting " fraud, fraud, fraud i" Theroothor of thisework led tefight, which took else ringhby sorpr-tse. Hon. H. H. Mitchell, of Hillsboroogh County, Demnocrot, foloted; the nemenrst fromo Atachaa, Gaes, and Washtingtoo, colored, followeed, and Dan Mclnnis, from Dual Coonty, hroughtoupthetrear. Theftraudwat to glaring that bette the discustion ended the mot of the carpet-baggers leftbte ball and did nol dare to vote for the metatore, and itetas defeated by a large emajotity. The bill at defeaeed in the Attent- bly, teat to pay Holland ott handred thootand dollats it State beads bearitng tie pee cent. ontetest, and ittwas genetally believed thot the bonds wete to he divided among thee getters-np of the schenee. 'Tle coloeed members wee jubilant ovet the defeat of this measuere becoause they thought they* had got partially squae with the coepet-hoggeet fee theit teachety en Osgood, and the carpet-haggertowere given vs uenderttand that bolting the solemn actionsof caucuessaogamtheyscould play too. 'fle Rineg, at the beginnieg ef their ravages in the Statehad seceured te passage ofaelttw whichthadtworked great injury and encoietecsece to the people all over the State, that all legal advetiseenssshould be made in papere designated by the See- retaory of State. This lot s o enacted to suppoet carpetbag papers, ewhich wete so unp~opualar in thee commusenities in wehieh they existedthat they could net sustainethemselve. The peo- ple mere compelled to advcetette in them, and there mat no limnit designatedby lawsas ttheishage, and enorneosprieist mete charged fee each adertisements, wehich the people had to pay. 'The Democratic prett hod, fete, the beginning, denounced thit late, andcontinued theirdenuvciation from year to year anti the osesi-riseg Republicana acknowledged else justneta of their cause. At the session 1873 this lae teat repealed by the united actionofstheanti-ring Republicas and the Deeocsratseandtws signed by the presiding officers of the respective houtes, hot teat stolen either before orafter it reacheed the Goernor. Thitmwat The bill teas called up, and the Ring teat happy in the assuerane that they ewould heat no apposition from any of the Repablican membert, while some of the Democrats, teho did not knowmthat enousghcolored methoad been securedto defeat the hillhad blood in theirys adere holing "frad, fadfraud!e" The athor of thit teork led the fighe, which took else ring by suryrise. Hon. H. H. Msitehell, of Hillshoroegh County, Democrat, follomed; ,the members ftom Alachua, Gate, and Washeington, colored, follomed, and Dan Melanis, from Dssval Coesety, broughtaup the tear. The fraudmwas st glaring that bette the discussion ended else moat of the carpet-baggers left the ball and did not dare to vote foe the meatsere, and itmwat defeoted by a large tmajority. The bill as defeated in the Assem- bly, teat to pay Holland one hundred thoeteand dollars in Stale boneds bearitng six per ent. interest, and it mat genrally believed that tlee bonde wete to be divided among the fetters-sty of the scheme. Tlercolored membersmwerejuilantcvethe defeat of thit meature becouet they thoaght they bad got portially square with the sorpet-leoggert fee their treachery tn Osgood, and the carpet-baggest-re given teo uderstand that bolting the tolemn action of caucuseswas agae they coldplay to. Ther Rin~g, at the berginning of their ravages in the Seatehad secured else passage of a leee which had wcorked great injtty and icneineto the peeople all st-er the State, that all legal advertiscmetse should breade inpapers designaed by the Sec- tretaty of State. This latc coas roasted to support carpetbag papters, wsicih mere so tunpopuar in else cosmmunities in wehicht they existed that ethey could1 not sustain themstelves. The pen- pie mere compelled to advortise in them, and there was no liemit designoted by lam s o theirsharges, and enormouspricestmere charged fee sash advertiements, wshich the people had to pay. The Demeocratic press had, frome the beginning, denonced thit lam, and continaed theirdennciations from year to year cnti the aeti-tiseg Republicans ackowmledged else jusetness of their cas.At the session 1873 tls law mas repealed by the unied action of she anti-ring Republicans and the Demeocrats and teas signed by the preetiding officere of tesespective leonser, hat was stoles either befoe or after it reoched the Governor. This mat The bill teas called up, and the Ring teas happy in the asarane that they wsould heat no opposition from any of the Repuhlican membrse, mhileesome of the Democrats, who did not bom that esoughscoloed men hadhbeenesecured to dfeat thehill, had blood is theirteyes and merethowling " fraud, fraud, fraud 1" The othor of this moth led the fight, tehich tchk thte ring by surpriese. Hon. H. H. Mitshell, of Hillehoroagh County, Demrmeat, followced; the members from Alashua, Doss, and Washington, coloed, followed, and Dan Mclnnis, from Dssval County, broughteup the reat. The fraud teas so glaring that before the ditession ended te meet tf the carpet-haggers Iet the ball and did not date to vote for the measue, and itmwas defeated by o large moajority. The bill as defeated in the Assem- hly, was to pay Holland one hsundred thousaond dollars in State heeds betting sixsper sent. interest, and ittwas generally believed that else bends mee to he divided among the getters-op of the schee. flee colored moembtre more jabilant over the defeat of this measse becouee they thought they* had got partially square mith the carpet-baggers fee their treachery tn Osgood, and the sarpet-eaggees mere given to understand that halting the solemn actiensof coaucuses wasagamsetheyscold playeoo. flee Rineg, at the hegine'g of their ravages in the Statehad sssuredetee passage'ofoablammhichehadmworked greatinjary and snovnec o the staple all over the State, that all legal adetisesments shoald he meade in l5ptter designated by the Ses- retary of State. 'This lam ws enacted to support catrehbag papers, wshich mete so unspopuslar ie the coemaunities in wehich theeyeistedethateteyecold otesustain themselss. The peo- ple mere compelled so advertise in them, and there mat no limit designatedby lam asetoeheirshargs, and enormousspriceemwere charged far es-ch adsertisements, wehich tie people had to pay. The Demeosratic frets bad, from the begintning, denonced this law, andconinued theirdenuation from yar to year anti the aesti-riseg Repubhlicas ackowmledged thse jusetness of their eauese. At the sesion 1873 tis law was repealed by the united actionsof tesanti-ring Republicas and the Dtemocratsandmas signed by else presiding officers of the respective hoases, hut was stolenecither before or after it reasceed the Governor. This mat  240 CARPETBAG RULE INO FLORIDA. not the only otatote that teat ototeo ot thit and previous sessions, as statute stealing hod hecomoe 00 active indostey among the cae- pethog statesmen. The foltowng it the resolotion passod in ref- erence to this statute andthe ppointmet oandereport of a coot- mittee therendee WnHoREAS, That the last regolae sessioo of the Legiolatoe possed an actorepeahongtho logol advertisiog act; aod wheeat, said aot oe hillooas stoloo bysoote oohoon party orpartieo; thefoe "Reolved, That a Cotoosittoc of threoehbeelectod hy thio Assembhly to find out the party or poeties weho stole said bill, and said conmoittee shalt hace power to teod foe peesoot aod papers, and that thit cotomittee oodeavoe to fiod all hillt twhich wete toot ornmitplaced lasttssioo." Messes. Wallace, Swoeaeiogeo and Mtctoois tee eolocted said commoittee, whotmadeothe followcingeort: " IThat inooooch as statote steahonghas coote to he sotoe- whatesyoteotatized in Floeida, the coooittee made a moost patient and persiotont effort tooocovoer tho thiefio qottion. The testimsony in the case it oot sufficieot, inotho opioion of tho commtittee, to coneict the thiof. The chief clerh of the Assemo- hty, howeee, teotifiod mott unqualifiedly that he detiveeed the hilt to the then prisvate secretary of the Goveeor, hot the Go- erno'soecretary testifiesnwith eqoot clearesst that he did not receieeet; and mith this disceepent tettimnythe coomtittee wootd respectfolty tohmit the cae foe the cootideeatioo of the Assembhty." Dueiog thit yeae on attetmpt seas omade hy the State of Ala- hanta to acqoiee that poetion of the teeritoey of Ploeida tying wsttof the Apalachicota Ricer, and teot theee conaotssioneet to Tattahastee to conduct the negotiations to that end oo hehalf of that State. The following restolutioos and eepoett g ice a fult hiseory of this affaie: Ta THR Hobn, M. MARTtN, Speakerof teAsscembly, WHREAS, We the andeesigned, eree appointed a joint Comomittee on the paet of the Senate and Astsembytoeconsult 240 CARPRTBAG ROLE tO FLORA. not the only ttatote that teat stolen at thit and preecioustteosions, as statettealingi had hecoooe an actiee ondustey among the can- pethag statetmeo. The folloming io the eesolution patted in ref- erneto this statote and the appointmenot and report of a cm mittee thereondee WHEREASo, Thcat the last regotar sesoioo of the Legislatore paoed aoacttrepealing the legal advertising act; aodowheeas, said act or hitlwas stoleo hyooe oohnoteo paty oryatties; thefoe "Reoled, That a committee of thee he elected hy thit Aseeblhy to fiad out the patty or parties echo stole said bill, and saidecommittee shall hav-epowee to tend fee persoos aodypapers, and that this consmittee eodeavoe to Sond all hillt wehich mete loot or mitplaced last sess ion." Messes. Wallace, Sweaeingen cod Mctnnisoweee elected said commnitte,mwhotoade the following eyort: " IThat inasmoch at statouto stealing hat coome to he tome- tehat syotentatized in Ploeida, the commtitteeotode a most patientoand peesistent effoet to oocovee the thief io question. The testimony in the case io not stfficieot, in the opioion of the cotnmittee, to coneict the thief. The chief cleeh of the Astem- hlp, hoteee, testified most unqualifiedly that he detiv-ered the hill to the theo peivate teceetary of the Goveeoe, hot the Doe- erots eceetareptestifiesomith eqoal clearess that he did not receive it; aod teith thit diecrepent testimnsoy the coommittee teould respectfolly suhmit the case foe the consideratioR of the Assenshly." Dating this peat ao attemspt teas made hy the Stato of Ala- hama to acquite that poetion of the teroitory of Florida tying west of the Apaachicola Ris-er, aod tent theee commeesioneet to Tatlahasset to condoct the negatiatioos to that end on hehalf of that State. The followeing eesolutiont aod repoett gilt a fall hittoep of this affaire TO coo Hon. M. MsnRTIN, Speakec of tde Assembly- WHnEAS, We the oodeeoigned, tete appointed a joint Committee on the poet of the Senate aod Assembhlp to contott 240 CARFETRAG RUJLEtN FLORIDA. not the only statute that teas stolto at shio aod preevioussettions, at etatote stealing hod hecome an activ-e itodutey among the one- pethag statetmen. The folanwing it the reotntion potted in tef- erence tothiststatuteand the appointment andeeport of a com- mittee theteondee WnEnEAS, 'Chat the last regolar sestion of the Legitlatue passeda ts epeeahongthe legal adceetising act; andswhereas, said act oe billmas stolen hytsome unkhown poetyyoepaeties; thefore "Reolved, That a committee of threethe elected hy thit Assembly to find out the paety ot paeties swho tcit saidhbill, nd said committeeoshalt havepoweeto sedforperon aodpapers, and that this committee endeavoe to Sond alt hilit wehich teee lost ot misplaced lose tees.sion." Messes. Wallace, Sweaeiogeo aod MIennis teee etected said committee, tehotoade the folloingeepoet! " That inatmoch as statote ttealitng hasccose to hetsome- what spttematized in Flotida, the committee moade a most patient and peesiseent effoet to uncocee the thicf in quettion. The testimonypin the case is notsficient, insthe opinion of the committee, to convict the thief. The chief ceeek of the Assem- hip, homeere, testified most unqoalifiedly that he deliv-ered the hill to the then pris-ote sectetary of the Doceenot, hot the Go- enrs secretaryptostifiesmwith eqoal cearess that he did not teceivetit; and mith this discepent testimony the coemmittee wsould reepectfully suhmit tho cate foe tho considneation of the Assemhly." Dating this peat an attempt teas made hy the State of Ala- hama to acquiee that poetion of the teetitoep of Plotida lying teet of the Apalachicola Ricee, and sent theee comamsssionees en Tallahassee to conduct the negotiations to that end on hehalf of that State. The fotloteing tesolutions and eeports gis-e a fall hiseory of this affair: TO s-Hn HON. M. MAnRTN, WHnnnAS, We the undeesigned, mere appointed a joint Committee onethe poet of the Senate andAssemblyptoconsut  CARPETBAG RULE IN FLORIDA. 241 with the Commissioners appointed by the State of Alabama, in relation to the Annexation of West Florida to Alabama, find, upon investigation, that a former Commission was appointed by that State for the same purpose, and that upon representations made by them, the following Joint Resolution was passed by the Legislature of this State, and approved by the Governor on the 24th day of January, A. D. 1869, to-wit : JOINT RESOLUTION relative to the Alabama Comnmissioners. WHEREAS, The State of Alabama has appointed a Commission to visit the State of Florida for the purpose of procuring the annexation of all that portion of Florida lying west of the Apalachicola River; AND, WHEREAs, It is the desire to promote the best interest of all the people of our State; therefore, be it Resolved, That the Governor of the State be and he is here- by authorized and directed to appoint a committee of three to confer with the Commission appointed by the State of Alabama; and the said Commission are authorized to go to Montgomery and there confer with the Commission and authorities of the State of Alabama; and the said committee are appointed the duly accredited agents of this State to negotiate for the said transfer ; and they shall report at the next session of the Legis- lature by bill or otherwise. Be itfurther resolved, That between this time and the time of the next meeting of the Legislature, the Governor shall issue his proclamation for an election in the district proposed to be annexed, to be held and conducted in the manner of a special election as prescribed by law ; and at such election the qualified eiectors in said district shall vote for annexation or against annexation. Be itfurther resolved, That prior to the aforesaid election the Commissions appointed by the respective States shall agree upon the terms and conditions of transfer; and in the proclama- tion of election the aforesaid terms and conditions shall be set forth for the information of the electors; and in making returns of the election in the county of Holmes, the returns of votes on the east and west side of the Choctawhatchie river shall be kept separate and apart, in order to get a cor- rect expression of the people on the east and west side of that river. , Be itfurther resolved, That the aforesaid election shall not be final or binding until the Legislature or people of the, State of Florida, and the Congress of the United States, shall consent to the transfer of said territory. Approved January 27, 1869. 16 CARPETBAG RULE IN FLORIDA. 241 with the Commissioners appointed by the State of Alabama, in relation to the Annexation of West Florida to Alabama, find, upon investigation, that a former Commission was appointed by that State for the same purpose, and that upon representations made by them, the following Joint Resolution was passed by the Legislature of this State, and approved by the Governor on the 24th day of January, A. D. 1869, to-wit : JOINT RESOLUTION relative tothe Alabama Commissioners. WHEREAS, The State of Alabama has appointed a Commission to visit the State of Florida for the purpose of procuring the annexation of all that portion of Florida lying west of the Apalachicola River ; AND, WHEREAS, It is the desire to promote the best interest of all the people of our State; therefore, be it Resolved, That the Governor of the State be and he is here- by authorized and directed to appoint a committee of three to confer with the Commission appointed by the State of Alabama; and the said Commission are authorized to go to Montgomery and there confer with the Commission and authorities of the State of Alabama; and the said committee are appointed the duly accredited agents of this State to negotiate for the said transfer ; and they shall report at the next session of the Legis- lature by bill or otherwise. Be itfurther resolved, That between this time and the time of the next meeting of the Legislature, the Governor shall issue his proclamation for an election in the district proposed to be annexed, to be held and conducted in the manner of a special election as prescribed by law ; and at such election the qualified eiectors in said district shall vote for annexation or against annexation. Be i/further resolved, That prior to the aforesaid election the Commissions appointed by the respective States shall agree upon the terms and conditions of transfer; and in the proclama- tion of election the aforesaid terms and conditions shall be set forth for the information of the electors ; and in making returns of the election in the county of Holmes, the returns of votes on the east and west side of the Choctawhatchie river shall be kept separate and apart, in order to get a cor- rect expression of the people on the east and west side of that river. Be itfurer resolved, That the aforesaid election shall not be final or binding until the Legislature or people of the, State of Florida, and the Congress of the United States, shall consent to the transfer of said territory. Approved Janua. ry T, 1869. 16 CARPETBAG RULE IN FLORIDA. 241 with the Commissioners appointed by the State of Alabama, in relation to the Annexation of West Florida to Alabama, find, upon investigation, that a former Commission was appointed by that State for the same purpose, and that upon representations made by them, the following Joint Resolution was passed by the Legislature of this State, and approved by the Governor on the 24th day of January, A. D. 1869, to-wit : JO[NT RESOLUTION relative to the Alabama Commissioners. WHEREAs, The State of Alabama has appointed a Commission to visit the State of Florida for the purpose of procuring the annexation of all that portion of Florida lying west of the Apalachicola River ; AND, WHEREAS, It is the desire to promote the best interest of all the people of our State ; therefore, be it Resolved, That the Governor of the State be and he is here- by authorized and directed to appoint a committee of three to confer with the Commission appointed by the State of Alabama; and the said Commission are authorized to go to Montgomery and there confer with the Commission and authorities of the State of Alabama; and the said committee are appointed the duly accredited agents of this State to negotiate for the said transfer ; and they shall report at the next session of the Legis- lature by bill or otherwise. Be itfurtAer resolved, That between this time and the time of the next meeting of the Legislature, the Governor shall issue his proclamation for an election in the district proposed to be annexed, to be held and conducted in the manner of a special election as prescribed by law ; and at such election the qualified eiectors in said district shall vote for annexation or against annexation. Be itfurther resolved, That prior to the aforesaid election the Commissions appointed by the respective States shall agree upon the terms and conditions of transfer; and in the proclama- tion of election the aforesaid terms and conditions shall be set forth for the information of the electors ; and in making returns of the election in the county of Holmes, the returns of votes on the east and west side of the Choctawhatchie river shall be kept separate and apart, in order to get a cor- rect expression of the people on the east and west side of that river. , Be itfurther resolved, That the aforesaid election shall not be final or binding until the Legislature or people of the, State of Florida, and the Congress of the United States, shall consent to the transfer of said territory. Approved January 27,1869. 16  242 CARPETBAG RULE IN FLORIDA. In conformity with said Joint Resolution, the Governor of the State of Florida appointed a Commission consisting of the Hon. W. J. Purman, Charles E. Dyke and N. H. Moragne, who visited Montgomery in conformity with the provisions of that resolution, and they entered into an agreement and stipula- tion with the duly constituted authorities of the State of Ala- bama, a copy of which is hereunto attached, and reported their doings to the then Governor of Florida. The Governor then, in acaordance with the said Joint Resolution, issued his procla- mation for an election in West Florida, and a majority of the votes cast at that election were in favor of the annexation of West Florida to Alabama, and it is quite evident to your Com- mittee that a large majority of the people of West Florida are still in favor of annxation. The Governor of the State of Florida in his next annual message after the election presented to the Legislature the report and doings of the Commission; since that time there has been no further legislation upon the part of Florida in relation to that matter. The Legislature of the State of Alabama passed an act which was approved by the Governor of that State on the a7th day of March, A. D. 1873, a copy of which is hereunto annexed, and in accordance with the provisions of said act, the Governor of Alabama has appointed the Hons. R. W. Cobb, J. C. Goodloe and ex-Governor Parsons, to confer with the proper authorities of the State of Florida, with full power to carry out the provisions of that act. These gentlemen are now in the city. In view of these facts, your committee are of the opinion that the matter is of sufficient importance to warfant some decided action upon the part of this Legislature. We therefore recommend the passage of the following concurrent resolution: Resolved, That the Hons. R. W. Cobb, J. C. Goodloe and ex-Governor Parsons, Commissioners appointed by the Governor of Alabama to confer with the properly constituted authorities of the State of Florida in relation to the cession of West Florida to Alabama, be invited to address the Senate and Assembly in joint convention in the Assembly Hall at 1t o'clock A. m. on Tuesday the 27th inst. A. L. McCASKILL, L. G. DENNIS, Senate Committee. JNO. L. McKINNON, J. W. MENARD, W. H-. GLEASON, Assembly Committee. 242 CARPETBAG RULE IN FLORIDA. In conformity with said Joint Resolution, the Governor of the State of Florida appointed a Commission consisting of the Hon. W. J. Purman, Charles E. Dyke and N. H. Moragne, who visited Montgomery in conformity with the provisions of that resolution, and they entered into an agreement and stipula- tion with the duly constituted authorities of the State of Ala- bama, a copy of which is hereunto attached, and reported their doings to the then Governor of Florida. The Governor then, in acaordance with the said Joint Resolution, issued his procla- mation for an election in West Florida, and a majority of the votes cast at that election were in favor of the annexation of West Florida to Alabama, and it is quite evident to your Com- mittee that a large majority of the people of West Florida are still in favor of annyxation. The Governor of the State of Florida in his next annual message after the election presented to the Legislature the report and doings of the Commission; since that time there has been no further legislation upon the part of Florida in relation to that matter. The Legislature of the State of Alabama.passed an act which was approved by the Governor of that State on the 27th day of March, A. D. 1873, a copy of which is hereunto annexed, and in accordance with the provisions of said act, the Governor of Alabama has appointed the Hons. R. V. Cobb, J. C. Goodloe and ex-Governor Parsons, to confer with the proper authorities of the State of Florida, with full power to carry out the provisions of that act. These gentlemen are now in the city. In view of these facts, your committee are of the opinion that the matter is of sufficient importance to warrant some decided action upon the part of this Legislature. We therefore recommend the passage of the following concurrent resolution: Resolved, That the Huns. R. W. Cobb, J. C. Goodloe and ex-Governor Parsons, Commissioners appointed by the Governor of Alabama to confer with the properly constituted authorities of the State of Florida in relation to the cession of West Florida to Alabama, be invited to address the Senate and Assembly in joint convention in the Assembly Hall at tn o'clock A. m. on Tuesday the 27th inst. A. L. McCASKILL, L. G. DENNIS, Senate Committee. JNO. L. McKINNON, J. W. MENARD, W. H-. GLEASON, Assembly Committee. 242 CARPETBAG RULE IN FLORIDA. In conformity with said Joint Resolution, the Governor of the State of Florida appointed a Commission consisting of the Hon. W. J. Purman, Charles E. Dyke and N. H. Moragne, who visited Montgomery in conformity with the provisions of that resolution, and they entered into an agreement and stipula- tion with the duly constituted authorities of the State of Ala- bama, a copy of which is hereunto attached, and reported their doings to the then Governor of Florida. The Governor then, in acaordance with the said Joint Resolution, issued his procla- mation for an election in West Florida, and a majority of the votes cast at that election were in favor of the annexation of West Florida to Alabama, and it is quite evident to your Com- mittee that a large majority of the people of West Florida are still in favor of annexation. The Governor of the State of Florida in his next annual message after the election presented to the Legislature the report and doings of the Commission; since that time there has been no further legislation upon the part of Florida in relation to that matter. The Legislature of the State of Alabama.passed an act which was approved by the Governor of that State on the 27th day of March, A. D. 1873, a copy of which is hereunto annexed, and in accordance with the provisions of said act, the Governor of Alabama has appointed the Hons. R. W. Cobb, J. C. Goodloe and ex-Governor Parsons, to confer with the proper authorities of the State of Florida, with full power to carry out the provisions of that act. These gentlemen are now in the city. In view of these facts, your committee are of the opinion that the matter is of sufficient importance to wariant some decided action upon the part of this Legislature. We therefore recommend the passage of the following concurrent resolution: Resolved, That the Hons. R. W. Cobb, J. C. Goodloe and ex-Governor Parsons, Commissioners appointed by the Governor of Alabama to confer with the properly constituted authorities of the State of Florida in relation to the cession of West Florida to Alabama, be invited to address the Senate and Assembly in joint convention in the Assembly Hall at o o'clock A. t. on Tuesday the 27th inst. A. L. McCASKILL, L. G. DENNIS, Senate Committee. JNO. L. McKINNON, J. W. MENARD, W. H- GLEASON, Assembly Committee.  CARPETBAG RULE IN FLORIDA. 243 CARPETBAG RULE IN FLORIDA. 243 CARPETBAG RULE IN FLORIDA. 243 AN AC'f to provide foe the annexation of Whent Ftoeida to the Stote of Alabonmo mith the assent of the State of Florida ood Coogens of the Uoited Staten. SEcIOc 1. Be it enaected by the GeeralotAoeeb6yof Ala- bonsc, That the suoo of ooe mtillion doltors in coopon honds of the State of Atabamoa, of not teso than one thouoood dottaes each, poyatbte in thiety yeoee oftee the dote theeeof, bearing eight pee cent,,intereot pee onnooc, payable semi-onoooly at the office of' the Siote Teoeoeee in the city of Mootgnoseny, he and the sam i herebycappropriatedoand io totbe paidto the lawfutly constitoted acthoritieo of the State of Floeido as 0 coosidero- tion ood comopensation to said State foe the cessiohycsaid Stat.. to the Stose ci AtahaoiA, of all the soil ood jorisdiciioo nows held bythedtote of Floricato ood oveethot poetion of the terei- toryof thehState ofFloidatlyingaridheing meet oftethread of the Chottohoochee ooct Apotachicoo Ricees, end meet ofa hineocuning doe sooth feomo the threod of the moods of the Apalachicotla,bending wsoas topocsheteeo thetIslandn of St. Geoge and St.Vincent,knonarid called West Ftoida, ioctodiog tho toodo hetonging to ood heretofoee omned hy the Stote of Florido, ecithin the disseict nf coontey ahoce desceihed, whether of seeminaey, schoot, oixteeoth eectine, inteeral imepraoeet, nwmaond overfloawed, togethee with the fle pee cent. aeining feoos the soteo of the United Stotes tood, tying wsetof theeiesoc menteiooed, occeingoatee thoceionof said tneitory, and guoaaneeingeto the State of Atotbema foll and complete titte theeeto, mitt issdemnity foe Ott tone the State of Ataaa otay sustain geowng ot af any advereectaimn oelam wehich osay he net op thereto, peovided that thin none nhatt he paid hy this State and accepted by the State of Ftoridn in full satiefaction of the share oe peopoetioo falliog to Whese Ftnrida of the pottic debt of the State of Floeida, and the State nf Ala- bamanshall in no wiseenor to any estenthbe responie foeany poetion of cold pohhic dehe of the State of Flsrida by reason of said purchase. SECTION 2. Be itfuloeldeacted, That the Goseenor he and he isheeby atoized sod empoerced to appoint three corn- 00sinrso bhalf of the State of Atahama to tender to the lawfultaothoeitieofthe State ofloreida te aforeesaidhbondnaof thin Statem snconideration of the cesenion aonesaid, and that the said coosmissioneenhbe and they areheebyaathorioedandemn- powered on hehalf nf thie State tn mate the tendee aforenaid, and to dn and pefoemoal the acts and thingsewhioh mayhbe requisite and necessaeyto peefect and consommate the cesnion of the territory aforenaid by the State of Flarida to the State of AN ACT to peavide foe the annenatinn nf Went Ftoeida to the State nf Atahama mitt the assent of the State nf Ftorida and Congsess of the United Staten. Scctoc t. Be it eacted by the GeerealAsaeen F/ef Ala- bama, That the sum of one msillion dotlars in coopon honds of the State of Alahama, of not toss thao one thousand dnltaes each, payatle is thicty years ahtee the date chereof, beaeing eight pee cent. inteeest pee annoum, payablecsemi-annoaty at the office of te State Teasucee io the city of Montgonsery, he and the e isteehy appeopriated and is to he paid to the lawfully constituted authorities of the Seate of Ftorida as a considera- ticn acd comoycocatioo to oaid State foe tice cession by said Stat. to the State ci Atahama, of all the soil aod jarsidiciicn ow held bythedtateofFtcidtaio aod oceethat potioo of the teeei- toryofte Statecof Ftoidctyinogandheing mest nfethe thread of teChaahoochee and Apaachicoa Rivers,andmwestof a linecaonning duesouthsfeomthc thsead of the moath of the ApatachicoD, heodiag west so as to pos betweeo the tstands of SL. eoegeand St.Vicent,hnonm aod called West lorida, ioctudiog the Condo betonging to aod heeetofore omaed by the State of Floeida, mithic the district of coootey aoae desceibed, swhethee of semsinoey, school, sixteeoth sections, internat impeocemeot, smamp aod ovetlomed, togethee mitt the Sie pee cent. aeising feoos the sates of tho Unsited States land, tying mest of thenriveesohoveomentinned, aceouing aftee the cession of said teeitoy,adguaasaneeigohetStatesofAlahamnafutlland complete title thereto, scith indemnity foe att loss the State of Alatama may sostain geomiog oot of any adeesesclaim on lam eehisch osay he set ups theeeto, peovided that this som shalt he poid by thin State aod accepted by the State of Floeida in foill satisfaction of she shaee oe peopoetioo fatling to Whent Florida at the pablic debt of the State of Floeida, and the State of Ata- bama shall in nomwiseor to any extettbe eesponiblefneany pccrtion of eaid publhc debt of the State of Plorida hy eeaeoo of said purchase. SECcION o. Be iefute enctedb, That the Coeenor he and he isheeebyauthorized and empow~ered toappninttheecom-. misoeson bhatf of the hence af Alahama to tender to the tamful authseiies af the State of Floeida the aforesaid bonds of thin State in conideration of the cession afoeesaid, and that the said commissioners he and theypare hereetyaothorized and em. pomeeed on bhtatf of thin State to mate the tendee aforesaid, and to do and peefoem all the acts and thingsemhich mayhbe eequsiteeand necesaepto peefect nnd consammcate thecession of the territoey aforesaid hy the State of Plorida to the State of AN ACT to peovide fne the anneoation of West Flnorida to the State cf Alabama mitt the assent of the State of Florida and Coogeess of the United Staten. SEctoe. Be it enacted by tde fGeneral Aaaesnb6, ef Ado- aene, ~That the sum of sne msittion dotlaeseincoupn bonds of the State of Atahama, of not tees than one thousand dotlars each, payabcle is thiesy yeaes ahtee the date ehereof, bearing eight pee cent. onterest pee annom, payable semi-annualty at tte office of the Siate Teasoree in the city of Mootgomeey, he and the saeis herehy appeopriated ancd ic to he paid to tte tawfully constitutedautoiies of she Statenof Floida as acoidea- tion and comyensatioo co said State fce thcs cession by said Seat.. to tte State oi Atahama, of allteo soil and joeiadiciion ow hold tytehtaeoftFloeidaieco aod ocerthat pordion of the teri- tory of the State of Florida lying and being west of the thread of the Chactahoochee ancc Apalachicola Rivees, and mest of a hineoonniog dsesodh fsosm the theead of thenaouds of the Apatachicoto, heoding wcst to as to pace betmees the tslands of St. George aod St. Vinceoc, toomon aod catted West Plorida, isncloding the laode betonging to aod hetetofoe omned by the State of Floeida, nwithio she distsict of ccontry above descrihed, wshether of semsinaey, school, sisteenth sectiotns, itra impeocemenct, smamp and aceefsowed, togethee mitt the Sie pee cent. aeising feooa the' sales of the United Staten land, tying west of thericerstaboceomentioned, acceainsgaftee the cesnioo of said teeritoey, and gaeanteeing to the State of Atabama fallaaed ciomptete title therto, nith ondemnity foe 411 loon the Seote of Alabamancay sstaiogomicng outofoany adeeeclaim oclaimsn wchich noay he set op theeeto, peocided that thin corn shatt he ptaid by this State and accepted by the State of Floeida in foull satisfaction nf the state ot proportion fatling ts W~ent Plonida of the pablic doht of the State of Ftoeida, and the State of Ata- bamanshall in no mite Roe to any extenthbe tesponsibte fortany pccetion af said poblhc debt of the State of Plonida byeono of said puechase. SECTON o. Be iefoctdec enated, That the Uoveenor he and he isheeby athoized and empoweedto appoint thee coam- misoeson behalf of the State of Alabama to tendee to the lamful authotitien of the State sf Ftoeida the aonesaid honds of thin State in consideeation of the ession aforecaid, and that the said commissionere he and theypare hereohyaothorized and em- poswered on behalf of thin State tn mate the tendee aforesaid, and to do and peeform all the acts and things whieh mayhbe reqoisite and neceessaoetopeefect and consmmate theecesnion of the territoey aforesaid by the State of Ftaorida to the State of  244 CARPETBAG RULE IN FLORIDA. Alabama, and the delivery by the State of Alabama to the State of Florida of the bonds aforesaid in compensation for said ces- sion: Provided, That said commissioners be and they are here- by limited and restricted to the tender of the sum of one million dollars in the first section of this act mentioned and set forth : Andprovidedfurther, That upon the acceptance by the State of Florida of the tender aforesaid, and the ratification by the Con- gress of the United States of the act of cession as aforesaid, the cession herein provided for shall be complete, and the bonds of the State hereinbefore mentioned shall be executed and'delivered by the authorities of the State of Alabama to the authorities of the State of Florida in full satisfaction and compensation of the cession of the territory aforesaid. SEcTION 3. Be itfurther enated, That the sum of three thousand dollars, or as much thereof as may be necessary, be and the same is hereby appropriated to pay the expenses of said commission, to be paid out of the treasury on the warrant of the Auditor, to be issued on the order of the Governor. Approved March 27, 1873. DAVID P. LEWIS, Governor. ARTICLES OF AGREEMENT Between the Commissioners of the two States for the Cession of West Florida to Alabama. An agreement entered into this 17th day of May, A. D. 1869, between W. J. Purman, C. E. Dyke and N. H Moragne, Commissioners on the part of the State of Florida, appointed under joint resolutions on the 25thof January, 1869 and Messrs. J. L. Pennington, A. J. Walker and Charles A. Miller, Com- missioners on the part of the State of Alabama, appointed under joint resolution approved December 31, 1868, witnesseth as follows: First. The State of Florida cedes to the State of Alabama that portion of Florida lying west of the thread of the Chat- tahoochee and Apalachicola Rivers, and west of a line running due south from the thread of the mouth of the Apalachicola, bending west so as to pass between the Islands of St. George and St. Vincent, which territory so ceded is called in this Agree ment West Florida. Second. The State of Florida bargains, sells, grants and conveys to the State of Alabama all the lands heretofore acquired by the State of Florida, and situated within the district of coun- try above described, which may be undisposed of at the date of 244 CARPETBAG RULE IN FLORIDA. Alabama, and the delivery by the State of Alabama to the State of Florida of the bonds aforesaid in compensation for said ces- sion : Provided, That said commissioners be and they are here- by limited and restricted to the tender of the sum of one million dollars in the first section of this act mentioned and set forth : Andfprovidedfurther, That upon the acceptance by the State of Florida of the tender aforesaid, and the ratification by the Con- gress of the United States of the act of cession as aforesaid, the cession herein provided for shall be complete, and the bonds of the State hereinbefore mentioned shall be executed and'delivered by the authorities of the State of Alabama to the authorities of the State of Florida in full satisfaction and compensation of the cession of the territory aforesaid. SECTIoN 3. Be itfurther enacted, That the sum of three thousand dollars, or as much thereof as may be necessary, be and the same is hereby appropriated to pay the expenses of said commission, to be paid out of the treasury on the warrant of the Auditor, to be issued on the order of the Governor. Approved March 27, 1873- DAVID P. LEWIS, Governor. ARTICLES OF AGREEMENT Between the Commissioners of the two States for the Cession of West Florida to Alabama. An agreement entered into this 17th day of May, A. D. 1869, between W. J. Purman, C. E. Dyke and N. H Moragne, Commissioners on the part of the State of Florida, appointed under joint resolutions on the 25th of January, 1869 and Messrs. J. L. Pennington, A. J. Walker and Charles A. Miller, Com- missioners on the part of the State of Alabama, appointed under joint resolution approved December 31, 1868, witnesseth as follows: First. The State of Florida cedes to the State of Alabama that portion of Florida lying west of the thread of the Chat-- tahoochee and Apalachicola Rivers, and west of a line running due south from the thread of the mouth of the Apalachicola, bending west so as to pass between the Islands of St. George and St. Vincent, which territory so ceded is called in this Agree ment West Florida. Second. The State of Florida bargains, sells, grants and conveys to the State of Alabama all the lands heretofore acquired by the State of Florida, and situated within the district of coun- try above described, which may be undisposed of at the date of 244 CARPETBAG RULE IN FLORIDA. Alabama, and the delivery by the State of Alabama to the State of Florida of the bonds aforesaid in compensation for said ces- sion : Provided, That said commissioners be and they are here- by limited and restricted to the tender of the sum of one million dollars in the first section of this act mentioned and set forth : Andprovidedfurther, That upon the acceptance by the State of Florida of the tender aforesaid, and the ratification by the Con- gress of the United States of the act of cession as aforesaid, the cession herein provided for shall be complete, and the bonds of the State hereinbefore mentioned shall be executed and'delivered by the authorities of the State of Alabama to the authorities of the State of Florida in full satisfaction and compensation of the cession of the territory aforesaid. SECTION 3. Be itfurther tnacted, That the sum of three thousand dollars, or as much thereof as may be necessary, be and the same is hereby appropriated to pay the expenses of said commission, to be paid out of the treasury on the warrant of the Auditor, to be issued on the order of the Governor. Approved March 27, 1873- DAVID P. LEWIS, Governor. ARTICLES OF AGREEMENT Between the Commissioners of the two States for the Cession of West Florida to Alabama. An agreement entered into this 17th day of May, A. D. 1869, between W. J. Purman, C. E. Dyke and N. H Moragne, Commissioners on the part of the State of Florida, appointed under joint resolutions on the 25thof January, 1869 and Messrs. J. L. Pennington, A. J. Walker and Charles A. Miller, Com- missioners on the part of the State of Alabama, appointed under joint resolution approved December 31, 1868, witnesseth as follows: First. The State of Florida cedes to the State of Alabama that portion of Florida lying west of the thread of the Chat- tahoochee and Apalachicola Rivers, and west of a line running due south from the thread of the mouth of the Apalachicola, bending west so as to pass between the Islands of St. George and St. Vincent, which territory so ceded is called in this Agree ment West Florida. Second. The State of Florida bargains, sells, grants and conveys to the State of Alabama all the lands heretofore acquired by the State of Florida, and situated within the district of coun- try above described, which may be undisposed of at the date of  CARPETBAG RULEOINPFLORIDA 245 the coosooooatioo of this ogreemeot, sehether of Seosinory, School, op Sioteeoth Sectioos, Ioterool Iompovemoeot, Swomp aodOepfloepd, ood the floe pereceot. orisiog from the sole of the Unoited States loods lying West of the rivors shoot toen- tioned, occroiog feoom ood oftep the dote of the coosommatioo of this agreemoeet, and goaroateeing to Alahoms foil ood complete title theeeto fop the poeposes hereiooftee specifiod, ood agreeing to iodtosoify tho said Stste of Alaasa foe alt toss she maoy sus- tainfgrowing oot of ooy advere claios which mooy he stt op thereto. Previded, that the State of Fiopids, pefidiog the coo- summsation of this ogreemtont, shall dispose of ooe of the laods ahocp ompotioopd, eitisee hy sale, doootion or otheprwise, except is accordaoce wcith the laws is fore is soid Sltsf at the dote of the sigingo of these preseots ood fop the heotfit of West Florid. Thied. The Stote of Aloaasa tshes the said loods soh- ject to theeeoustsiaoposedhbythe acts of Congress geantiog the Fourth. Thot oitmediately shoer the assent of the Coogeess of the Uoited St ates to this Afeemosnt heto-ees she Stote of Flopids sod the State of Alshboma, it shall he the duties of the Gocernors of Flopids sod Alshsasa to issue theip respective proclsmatioos, oamiogoadayscithio sixty days afte soch sseot of Congress shall he ohtaioed, weheo she jueisdictioo of Florida shallcease, aodswheo the officers aod people of she tereitoeypof West Flopida shall ho sohject to the jueisdictioo of the State of Alahamasioaccordaocemwithsond ooder the lsms and Constitu- tion of some. Fifth. That alt judicial sod othee locst oficers is the terrl- toey of West Floeida shall cootinue to ecercise the fooctios of their sevepsl offices, aftee the maid trsosfee shalt hose heeo coosoomated, foe the foil teems foe mhich they mere elected op appoioted; asd all sach judicial sod oil other pooceediogs of soch officees shall he io accordance mith the Coostitutioo sod laws of Alahama. Sloth. That the sevepal counties is West Flopida shall com- pose ope judicial Circuit of the State of Alshama, sod the judge of the Cooet of the Fiest judicial Disteict-of Flopida shall he the judge of the Ciecoit Court of the State of Alahams, foe a ciecuit composed of said counties, until his teem as judge of the District Couet ofFloidasshall termiae, and themsid couties shatllcom- pose aoChaocery District of the Southees Chaocety Dieisioo of the State of Alahama, sod the Chaocellop of tech Division shall he -the Chanetloe of the said Chatnceey Dioerict, sod the teems thepeof shall he held at times sod a place to he prescrihod hy soch Chascelloe, sod alt Chanceey causes pending is the Dis- CARPETBAG RULE IN FLORIDA 245 the coosutomation of this agreement, mhethee of Semisory, School, oe Sixtenth Sectios, Iotetoal Impeoeemeot, Smomp and Oerflowed,and the five pe ceot. arising frsot the sale of the Uoited States sonds ling West of she tivees ahoee men- tioned, acceuinf from sod aftee the date of the cosummation of this ageeement, sod guaeaoteeing to Alahama foil sod complete title thereo foe the pueposes heeeioafter specified, sod ageeeiog to indemoify the said State of Alahama foe all lost she may sus- taingerowing outsof sny adoeese claims mhich may he set op theeto. Prov'ided, that the State of Flopida, pehdiog the coo- summation of this ageemeot, chall dispose of none of the lands ahove mentioned, vititee hy vale, dosation ye othermise, escept is accordance mith she laws is fooce is said Stats at the date of the siging of these peesents sod foe the henefit of West Florida. Third. The Slate of Alahama tahes tho said laods solb- ject to the trusts imposedhbythe sets of Congressfgranting the Foorth. That immediately shopr the assent of the Coogeess of the Coiled States to this Agretmeot hetmeeo the State of Flotida sod the State of Alahama, is shall he she doties of the Gocvernoes of Flotids sod Alahama to imsue their respectie peoclamsations, naming aday mithin sixty days after such assent of Coofress shall he ohtined, mheo the jorisdictiaon of Floeida shallicease,andmwhenothe officers asd peopleoof the tootsitoryof West Flocida shall he suhject to the jsrisdiction of the State of Alahama is accordancemwith sod uoder the lins and Constit- tion of tome. Fifth. That sit judicisl sod other local officers is the toesri- tory ofWest Florida shallicootioue to exercisthefusctionssof their seoverat offices, aftee the said traosfer shdfi hoot heto coosummatod, foe the foil teems foe mhich they mote elected sor appointed; sod alt such judicial sod alt other peoveediogs of such officees shall he is accordaocp mith the Coostitotion aod lins of Alahama. Sixth. That the several coanties io West Florids shsll com- pose one jodicial Circuit of the State of Alshama, sod the judge of the Court of she First jodicisl Disteictof Florida shall he the judge of she Circuit Cosot of the State of Alahama, foe a cirouit composed of said countiet, seedl his teem as judge of the Disttict Coops of Floida shalt terminate, sod the said countiestshall com- pose a Chaocery District of the Soothern Chasnceey Division of the Smate of Alahama, sod the Chsocellor of such Division shall he the Chancellor of the maid Chancery District, sod the teems theteof shalt he held at limes sod a plaee to he peesceihod hy such Chaocellor, sod all Chaoccery casts peodiog io the Dime CARPETBAG REItLORIDA 245 the coosummation of this afreement, wnhether of Semioory, School, op Sixteenth Sections, Iotetoal Improvemeot, Swamp and Overflowed,and theofive peceot. arisiogffrom the sate of she Unoited Stales lands lyiog West of the dieps shoot mon- tioned, saccroing from sod after the date of the cosummation of this agreement, and guaranteeing to Alahams foil sod complete title thoreto foe the purposes heeioafter specified, sod ageingf to ondemoify the said State of Alahama foe sit tots she may sus- tainofroing out of any adveese claims mhich may he set op theteto. Preided, thas she State of Flopida, pehdisg the coo- summationofihis agremeot, shall dispose of onse of the laods shove mentioned, cithee hy sate, donation sor othermise, except is accordance mith the lins is force in said State at the date of the signing ofthese pesents antdforethehenefit of West Florido. Thied. The State of Alahama tohes the said sonds sh- jectto the toasts impoedhbythe acts of Coogress graotiog the Fourth. That immediately sht the attest of the Cosgress of the United States to this Agreement hetmeen the State of Flopids sod the State of Alaham, it shall he the duties of the Covernoes of Flarida sod Alahams to isoeetheioerespecdie proclamatians, naming a day mithin sixty days after such assent of Congesstthall ho ohtaioed, mhen the jurisdictioo of Flotida shall cese, andmwhensthe officersssnd people of the teritory of West Flatida shalt ho suhject to she juoisdiction of the State of Alahamaoio accordanceswith sod under the loins and Constit- tion of tame. Fifth. That all judicial sod other local officers io the tetti- tory of West Florida shalltcontinue to exerciseothe fuoctioos of their seceral offices, after the said traosfer shadll have heen coosummated, foe the fail teems foe which they mope elected op appointed; asd all such judicial sod alt other proceediogs of such officers shall he is accordasce mith the Constitution sod lins of Alaham. Sixth. That the seeroal counties io West Floeida shal com- pose one judicial Circuit of the State of Alahamo, sod the judge of the Court of the First judicial Districs-of Florida shalt he the judge of the Circuit Couet of the State of Alaham, foe a eircuit composed of maid couoties, until his teem as judge of the Distritt Court ofFlorida shallitermiote, sod the said couoties shall com- pose a Chaocery District of the Southero Chaocety Division of the State of Alahama, sod the Chancllop of such Disision shalt he she Chaocellor of the said Chanerey Disteict, sod the teems thereof shalt he held at times sod a place to he pesctihed hy such Chanellore, sod all Chanctery causes peoding io the Dim.  246 CARPETBAG~ RULE IN FLORIDA. trict or Circuit Court of said counties, shall, swith all the papers and records of the proceedings therein, certified by the severat Clerks of the said Distetct or Circuit Court, he transferced so the said Chancery Coort, and he therein cognizaale, and the said Chancellor shalt appoint a Register for such Court. Seventh. And the County judges uf the respective counties aove named shalt he jadges of Prohate onder the laws of the State of Alahamsa ontil their respective termst, foc ohich they were elected oc appointed under the laws of Florida, shall termsi- nate. And the Board of County Comomissioners of the said respective counties shalt he the County Commissioners in their several counties foe the termas for which theyowreo elcted or appointed. And the Shriffs, Coroners, justices of the Peace, Clerks of the Ciecoituor District Court, hy wchichever naome they mayphecalled, County Treasurers, Collectocs of Recenue and Assessors of Taxes, shalt fill the corresponding offices udec the laws of the State of Alahama to the end of the teoss for which they were respectively elected or appointed. And the sevral Clerks of the Circuit or District Court shall hr the Clerks of the Circuit C ourt order the taws of theiState of Ala- bansa; and the said Circuit Coort shall hace jurisdiction of alt cases in the District or Circuit Court of the said counties, except that the Chancereycasuses shall be transferred to the Chancery Couet as hereinefore stated. And the said judges of the County Court shalt he Prohate judges, and hace jurisdiction of the caoses in their respective County Courts, and he Prohate judges under the tao-s of the State of Alahamua. And the said County Commissioners and Coanty judges shalt execute alt the powers of County Commissioners and Probate judgcs under the laws of Alahama. Eighth. The State of Alahama, in consideration of the ces- sion hy the State of Florida hereioefore mentioned, shall pay to the said State, within ninety days ahter the coosumumation of the annexation of Wecst Plorida to the State of Alahama, the sum of one million of dollacs in hoods, hearing intrest at the rate of eight pee cent. prannum, redeemahle at the 'Treasury nf the State of Alahoma in thirty years fcom the date thereof, the interest to hr payahle semi-annually in the City of Newe York. The said sum of use million of dollars shall be in com- pensation to the State of Florida for the proportion of the deht of said State, which the amount of taxes paid hy the severat counties emhraced in the district of country ceded to Alahama may hear to the taxes paid hy the remaining portion of the said State of Florida; and the halance of the said sam of our mit- lion of dollars shalt he in foil payment foe the Seminary, Sis- teenth Section, Internal Improvement, Swamp and Ovrflowed 246 CAnPnTnAc RULEtINFLORIDAa. tries Oe Circsit Court of said counties, shalt, with alltshe papers and records of the peoreedings therein, certified hy the sceeat Cterks of the said Distrt or Circuit Court, he transferred to the said Chancery Court, andhbe therein cognieahle, andsthe said Chancellor shatl appoint a Register foe such Court. Seventh. And the County judges of the respective coasties ahove named shatl he judges of Probate under the laws of the State of Alahama until their respective terms, fur which they were etected or appointed under the laws of Plorida, shall termi- nate. And the Board of County Commissionrs of the said respective counties shall be the County Commissioners in their several counties foe the teems foe which they were etected or appointed. And the Sheriffs, Coroners, justices of the Peace, Clerks of the Circuit or District Court, by which evee name they may he catted, County Treasurees, Cotlectors of Revenue and Assessors of Taxes, shall fill the corresponding offices under the tans of the State of Alabama to the rod of the terms for which they seere respectively elected or appointed. And the sevrat Cterks of the Circuit or District Courtt shalt be the Clerhs of the Circuit C ourt under the laos of the State of Ala- bamat and the said Circuit Court shall hare jurisdiction of all casestin the District or Circuit Court of the said conties, except that the Chancery causes shalt he transferred to tbe Chancery Court as hereinhbefure stated. And the said judges of the County Coort shltat he Prohate judges, and thace jurisdiction of the caases in their respective County Courts,andhbe Probate judges under the taws of the State of Alabama. And the said County Commissioners and County judges shall execute all the powers of County Commissioners and Probate judges uder the taws of Alabama. Eighth. The Stair of Atabama, in considration of the ces- sion hy the State of Florida hercinbrfore mentioned, shalt pay to the said State, within ninety days after the consummatian of the annexation of Werst Florida to the State of Alabama, the sum of one million of dollars is honds, heacing intrest at the rate of eight per cent. preannuw,eredeemable at the Treasury of the State of Alabama in thirty years from the date thereof, the interest to he payable semi-annually in the City of Newr York. The said sum of one million of dollars shalt be in com- pensation to the State of Florida for the proportion of the debt of said State, which the amount of taues paid by the severat counties emhraced in the district of country ceded to Alabama may hear to the tases paid hy the remaining portion of the said State of Ftorida; and thehbalnnce of the said sum of use mil- lion of dollars shalt he in futl payment fur the Seminary, Six- teenth Section, Interuat Improvement, Swamopand Dyerflowed 246 CARPETBAG- RULE tIN FLORIDOA. Onest or Circuit Curt of said counties, shalt, with alt the papers and records of the proceedings therein, ceetified by the secerat Clerks of the said Distrtct or Circuit Court, he transferred to the said Chancery Court, and he therein cognizable, aod thesaid Chancetlor shall appoint a Register foe such Court. Seventh. And the County judges of the respective counties above named shalt he judges of Prohate under the laws of the State of Atabama until their respective teems, foe which thry were elected or appointed under the taws of Florida, shalt termi- nate. And the Board of County Commissioners of the said respective counties shall be the County Commissioners in their several counties foe the terms for which they were elected or appointed. And the Sheriffs, Cironrrs, jastices of the Peace, Clerks of the Circuit or District Court, by which ever name they may he called, Coanty Treasurers, Collectors of Revenue and Assessors of Taxes, shatl fitl the corresponding offices under the laws of the State of Alabama to the end of the terms for which they were respectively elected or appointed. And the several Clerks nf the Circuit or Distrirt Court shall be the Clerks of the Circuit C ourt undr the tans of the State of Ala- bama; and the said Circuit Court shalt hace jurisdiction of all cases in the District or Circuit Court of the said counties, except thatsthe Chancery cautses shalt he trarsferred to the Chancery Court as hereinhefore stared. And the said judges of the County Coart shtall be Probate judges, and have jurisdiction of the causes. in their respective Conty Courts, and he Probate judges under the laws of the State of Alabama. And the said County Commissioners and Coanty judges shall execuste alltshe powers of County Commissioners asd Probate judges under the laws of Atabama. Eighth. The Stair of Alabama, in consideration of the ces- sion by the State of Florida hereinbefure mentioned, shalt pay so the said State, within ninety days ufter the consummatiun of the annexation of West Florida to the State of Alabama, the sum of one million ofdllars in hoods, bearing interest at the rate of eight per cent. pereannum,eredeemable at the Treasury of the State of Alabama in thirty years from the date thereof, the interest to he payable semi-annually in the City of Newe Yoek. The said sum of one million of dollars shall be in com- pensation to the State of Florida fur the propurtion of the debt of said State, which the amont of taxes paid by the several cunties embraced in the district of country ceded to Alabama may hear so the taxes paid by the remaining portion of the said State of Ptorida; and thehbalance of the said sum of our mil- lion of dollars shalt be in futl payment fur the Seminary, Six- teenth Section, InternaltImprovement, Swamp and vefowed  CARPETBAG RULE IN FLORIDA. 247 CARPETBAG RULE IN FLORIDA. 247 CARPETBAG RULE IN FLORIDA. 247 lands ceded tR the State Rf Alabama, the title to which is gar- anteed by the State af Floeida as hereinbefore mentianed, which said halance shall be fete the ate and parpotses cantemsplated in the grans of the said lands by the Cotngeess af the United Stases, and as peaeided far by she laws af the State of Flseida in force as the date of this agreeoment. Nintsh. That she conties respectively in the tereitory of West Plorida shall he allowed, and by this seipalation bane authoity toretain thefState taes assessedoand callected foe she ferss year under the resenue laws sf she State Rf Alabama, and she amounts so rtained shall be appeapriated by the Cosney Commissiosees toathe improvement and erection of cases-bosses and othee pablic buildings is their respectice coanties. Teeth. The benefis of she indoesemese laws of she State of Alabama, to she entens of sixteen thousand dollaes pee wile, shall apply to the consteuction of a eailrtoad feom the point of junctiantwith the Peosacola and Georgia Railroad of Flaeida, on she Apalachicola Ricee, in she directitsn of Quincy, so the watets of Escambia Bay, oP to a junction with the Pensacola acd LouisvilleRadlroad in Floeida, oe the Alabama and Floeida Radecoad is Alabama, and to she Peosacola and Lousille Radl- road, and to no other raileoad, foe the peeiod of three years from she date of the consummation of this Agreement; and the chartee of the Ptesacola and Geoegia Railroad of Ploeida, wish she amesdmesls therto, shall be is force in the disteict of country embreaced is she farst Aeticle of this Agreement, foe she paeposes specified in said chaerter and amesdments, and the Peosacola aedGeargia Railroad Company shall he etitled so ccnstractssheie toads and shall be entitled sa all the benefits of she indoessement tans of Alahama, as hereisthefoe enpeessed, the tme as ifethtie said chaetee.-and amendments had been granted by she State of Alabama; and she State of Alabama, neithee undet any geeral act of incopoeatiofl stow in force, nor by any special act of legislation heretafope oe heeaf- see tobe adopted, shall asthorizt the consteaction of anytrail- eoad feom the Chattaboochee at Apalachicola Rivees theough the disteict of cosntey hefoe meotioned, in the direction of the waes ofEscambia Bayne to a junction with the Pensaola and Loaisville Raileaad, foe the period of thee years from the date at the Ageeement beteinbefote set foeth. Elecenth. Until otheewise peocided, the coanties as now constitused lyineg mess of the lisp mentioned in she fiess Aeticle of this Agreement, shall be entitled so the caste eepeeestsation in the Ceneral Assembly of Alabama that they ate psow entidled so in she Legislatue of Piseida; and that poetion of Feanklin County embraced within and lyingmwest of said fine shall be lands eeded so the State of Alabama, the sidle to which is gare- anteed by the State of Plotida s beeinbefate mentioned, which said balance shall be foe the se and pueposes contemplated in the geants ofthe said landshyteConges ofthe Uited States, and as peovided foe by thelaws of the State of Floeida ina fotrce as she date of this agreenmens. Ninth. That she coonties reespeetively in the teeritory of West Floeida shall he allowed, and by this stipulasion hose authority to eetain the Statestaxes assessed andeollected foe the berst yeae undee the recenut laws of she State of Alabama, and the amounts so retained shall he appeopeiated by she County Commissionees toatheimprovement and erectionsof easet-h oases and othee public baildings in theit respectice conties. Tenth, The benefit of she indoesement laws of the State of Alabama, to the extent of sixteen thousand dollars pee mile, shall apply to the consteuction of a railroad feom the point of junctiontcith the Pensacola and Geoegia Railroadof Floida, an the Apalachicola Ricer, in the dieection of Quincy, to the swasees cf Escambia Bay, oe to a junction with she Pensacola and Louisville Raieroad in Floridaor athe Alabama and Flotida Raieroad in Alabama, assd to the Pessacola and Louiscville Rodl- roadand so no othee railroad, for the period of theeyears feom the date of the consommation of this Ageeement; and the chaetee of the Pensacola and Ceoegia Raileoad of Floeida, with the amendments thereto, shall be is foece in the ditrict of counsry emsbeaced in the berst Aetiele of this Ageement, foe the purposes specified in said chaetee and amendments, and the Pensacola and Geoegia Railroad Company shall be entitled to construct theie roads and shall he entitled to all the benefits of the itdorsetseot laws of Alabama, as hereinefoee eapeessed, she tame as if theiresaid chaeeand amendments hod been geansted by the State of Alabama; and the State of Alabama, neitber under any geeral act of incoeyoeation now in force, noe by any special act of legislation heetofore oe hereaf- see to be adapted, shall aushoriae lbhe costeoctics of asp rail- toad feom the Chatsahoochee oe Apalachbicola Rivees therough the disteict of countey before mentioned, in the dieection of she wasees of Escombia Bay, artso a junction with the Pensacols and Loalsville Raileoad, foesthepeeiodof shee yeaes from the date of she Agreecment heeinbefoe set foeth. Eleventh. Until osheewise peocided, she coanties as now eonseituted lying mess of the line mentioned in the fert Aeticle of this Ageeement, shall be entitled so the sante repeesentation in the Geneal Assembly of Alabama that they aee now entitled to in she Legisloaeue of Plneida ; and that poetion of Feanhlin County embracedmwihin and lyingmwest of said hone shall be lsnds ceded en the State of Alabama, she tidle to wehich is guoar- anteed by the State of Floeida as eeinbefoe mentioned, which said balance shall he foe the ate and pueposes contemplated in the geants of the said lands by the Congeess of she United States, and as peavided foe by the lows of the State of Floeida in foece as she date of this ageeenment. Ninth. That the counties respectively in she teeeitory of Wnest Floeida shall he allowed, and by this stipulation bane authoriysoeetainstheState taes assessedsand collected foe the fert yeae undee the revcenue laws of she State of Alabama, and she am oasts to retained shall be appeopeiated by the Cosstp Commissionees toatheimprovementoand erection of coat-boosts and othee public buildings is their tespectice counties. Tenth. The benefit of the indoesement laws of the Stase of Alabamsa, to the entent of sixteen thousand dollats pee mile, shall apyly so she constructioof a railroad fromthe pointsof junctionswiththe Pensacola and Geoegia Railroad of loida, as the Apalachicola Ricee, in the ditectin of Qaincy, to the matters of EscombiafBayne toa jntion with the Pensacola and Louisville Raderoad in Flocida, artshe Alabama and Floeida Raileoad in Alabama, and toathe Pensacolaoand LouisvfileRal- toad, sod to no othee railroad, for the period of theepsyes feom she date of the consummation of this Agreement; and the chaetee of the Pensacola and Ceoegia Railroad of Floeida, with the amendments theeta, shall he is force in the distict of countey emsbesced in the fist Aeticle of this Agreement, foe the poeposes specified in said chaetee and amendments, and the Pensacola and Geoegia Raileaad Company shall be entitled so constructtheireroads and shallbe entitled to all the benefitt of she indoesesoent laws of Alabama, as heeeiobeforeexspressed, the same as if theiresaid chaereand amendments bad been geanted by the State of Alabama; and the State of Alabama, neither under soy general act of incoepoeation now in force, not by any special act of legislation heresofote oe heteaf- tee to be adopted, sball aushoriaetshe construction of anysrail- toad from the Chattaboochee at Apalacbicola Riovees therough the disteict of coantey before mentioned, in the dietion of she watees of Escombia Say, at to a junction with the Pensacola and Lsouisvidle Raderoad, foe the period of tee yeaes from the date of the Ageement hereinhefoe set foeth. Elevetsh. Until otheewise peocided, the coanties as now eonstitoted lying most of the list mentioned in the fiest Aesicle of this Agreement, shall he entitled to tbe same representation in the Genetal Assembly of Alabama that they ate pom entitled to in the Legislatuee of Plotida; and that poetion of Feanklin Conty embracedtwithin and lyingmwest of said fine shall be  248 CARPETBAG RULE IN FLORIDA. knons an the county of Franklin, and shall he entitled to at leant nr Repenentative in the Genenal Assemhly of Alahama, and the Senators and Repesentatives of the aooeounntes shall hold their offices foe the foil teem foe which they were elected. Twelfth. The solvent loses eetoened from the district of contry agreedsto he anneoed, unopaidat the time sochane- lion shall he consommated, shall he the property of the State of Florida, and shall he attained hy she State of Alahama and Faid in money. The atsontso dueandoonpaid shatlh e asceetained fenm she tan retarns made to the Compteoller of the State of Fioeida. Thieteenth. This agreement shall not he of force oneSl the same shalt he ratified aod appeoved hy the States of Florida and Alahama io a legal manner, and hy the legal and proper aotbori- ties, aod the Congress of she United States has gisetn its assent thereto. (Signed)W. J. FURMAN, (Sigeed)N. H. MORAGNE, J. L. FENNINGTON, A. J. WAILKER, CHAS. A. MILLER, Commissiocers. For she sole porpose of heinging she mattee contemplated in she Resolutions of the State of Florida hefore she people theeof, t amsent, as a Commissioneonthe part of saidStte, In the ahoee, resereing to myself as a citiode she eight to judge of she etxpedienocy or inenpediency of acceptieg anyers foe ceding to a foreign and alien jorisdiction any poet oe partion of the people and Territory of Florido. C. E. DYRE. The Alahama Commissioners met the two houses in joint session, and in theie address strongly urged the annenation scheme hobt the mattr meat no furthee hecause of she eohoehi- tonI demands of the Ring that the commissioners shoold lathal tuekey'" before any legislative action should he sahen. Me. Maetin, who was Warder of the State peison while Speaker of she Assemhly, in which sitoation he was ahle to so shape appropeiation bills as to gioe him a good maegin aftee scantily feeding and clothing the prisoners, was deseemined that the inside woshings of shot intittion shoold be known to no one hot himself aod the inmates. Heretofore the committee 248 CARPETnAG RULE NLORIDA. known as the county of Franklin, and shall be entitled to at lease one Repesentative in the Geneeal Assembly of Alabama, and she Senaors and Representatives of the aove conties shall bold their offices far tbe fall teem foe wbich tbey were elected. Twelfth. The snlvent tones retained from the district of contey agreed to be annexed, onpaid asthe timesochbaone- lion shall he consommated, shall he she propeesy of the State of Florida, and shallbe assumed by the State of Alabama and paid in mosey. The amounnsso dueandounpaid shall be ascertained feom tbe son returns made so the Compteoller of tbe State of Florida. Thirteenth. This agreement shall not be of force unsit the same shall be ratified and appeoved by the Stases of Florida and Alabama in a legal mannee, and by she legal and peopee aothoi- ties, and the Congress of the United States bat gien its assent thereto. Signed)W. J. FURMAN, (Signed)N. H. MORAGNE, J. L. PENNINGTON, A. J. WALKER, CHAS. A. MILLER, Commissioners. Foe the sale purpose of hrisging she mattee contemplated in the Resolutions of she State of Florida hefore the people thereat, lamsent, at a Commisioner on thepartof said Stte, so the aboe, rserving to myself as a oiliadn the right en judge of she expediency or inenpediency of accepting aesy tersa foe ceding se a foreign and ohme jorisdicsion any pars or poesion of the people and Territorypof Florida. C. E. DYRE. The Alabama Commissioners met the Iwo hooses in joint session, and in their addeessestrongly urged the annenation scheme1 butsthematterewent no fuetherhecause of the enhorbi- tons demands of she Ring that the commissioners should "1talk torkey " befoee any legislative action shoold he taken. Me. Martin, whe was Waeden of she State peison while Speahee of the Assembly, in which sitation he was able so so shape appropriation hills as so glee him a good margin after scantily feeding and clothing the peisonees, was deteemined that Ike inside woekings of that institotion should he known so no one has himself and the inmates. Heetofore she committee 248 CARPETnAG RULE IN FLORInA. known as the coonty of Feanklin, and shall he entitled to at least ne Represrntative ins she General Assemhly of Alabama, and the Senators and Repeesensatires of she aovno conties shall hold their officee for the foll teem foe which they were cleated. Twelfth. The solvent taxeseretoened from the disteics of contry agredto he annexed, onpaid at she time sock anntexa- lion shall becosummated, shall he she properly of she State of Florida, and sholl he assotoed by she Stain of Alabama and paid in money. Theoamonns so dueandounpaid shall be ascertained from she tan retrns made to she Comptrollee of the State of Florida. Thirteenth. 'Ibis ageeement sball not be of force ontil the some shall he eatified and appeaved by the States of Flocida and Alabama in a legal neanner, and by she legal and propee authori- lies, and the Congeess of the United States has given its assent thereto. (Signed)W. J. FURMAN, (Signed)N. H. MORAGNE, J. L. FENNINGTON, A. J. WALRRR, CHAS. A. MILLER, Commissioners. Foe the sole porpose of hrisging she matter contemplated in she Resolusiocs of the State of Florida before the people threof, Iamsent, as a Commissioner on she partsofsaidhtate, to the aoee, reserving to myself as a citiads the eight to jodge nf the expediency oe inenpediency of acoepting ansyternms for ceding so a foreign and alien jurisdiction any port or portion of the people and Territory of Florida. C.EDY . The Alabama Commimionees met the Iwo hooses in joins session, and in theie address strongly orged she annexation schemr;tbutsshe matter wentno fueherbease ofsthe eoorhi- tons demands of she Ring that the commissiosersnshoold "'talk tnrkey " befoee any legislative action should be taken. Me. Maetie, who was Warden of the State prison while Speaher of the Assembly, in wbicb situation be was able so so shape appeopriation bills as to fine him a goed margin after scantily feeding and clotbing she prisonees, was determined that the inside workings of shot institution shoold be known to no one bat himself and she inmates. Heretofore she committee  CARPETBAG RULE IN FLORIDA. 249 CARPETBAG RULE IN FLORIDA. 249 CARPETBAG RULE IN FLORIDA. 249 appointed tositand inspect the institutiont went rather onea frolic than for the purposenofo peal inspection, and of couFse hF would woke it doobly pleosont foe then, especially when his condct in the managemnt was rtepoed bytmany tobe very qoestionoble. A coosmtitteewastelected to visit the prison and repoet to the Assemhly. The onti-ting Repubhicans ond the Democcots ossisted in getting Dan Mctoeis, colored, of Dovol, and T. C. Goes, colored, of Alachua, 00 the comsoittee, Mar- tiR, sospecting nmischief in Mclnnis end Cats, at they did not takeneuchto caepethog condoct, hadoa special traio prepared with wines, whiskies ond cigars 00 hoard foe the comsfort of the visiting guest. He gave Gate aod Mclnnistoonderstandthat the train wooldstoet at o designated hoot, hot to theaotonish- mnenteof hit coloed guetsthetrainoleft just two hooes sooner shon the tine designoted ond the coloeed hrothee wsC~ left hehind. Mclnnis was a vtry enegetic ood detesmnted representatie, ndhbyothtermeans heoand Gassereon the groond ietinmesto see Martin oot, who petended that they hod misonderstood hiw aetothe time. Motincat once set out his liqors and cigoes, nhich Gassand Mclnniserefosedto paetokeof, hotewent aoot their ineestigation. Mortin hod keen nothing the peison- eron his owe peivate farnm ot tineyard ohile peetending to he coltivosing geopes foe wine-mohing foe the Stote, and he node thoosands of dolloes foF hitnself out of the prisonees while the Stese lost thoosonds hy hit manaogement. This conduct, ond his creetyto the pionees,hadheenwhispered aoend amngeel- need tmetnhes hy the Desmoceats, ond Mclnnis not disposed to gie the maottee a thoeough sifting, as foe as in hint lay. IB his toureof inspection he cone to an opaetment where therewere anubher of prisonrs chained down flat onthirhacs. Mac- tin, who had lost sight of Mclnnis, etorted oR his teodl, end finally foond him tanding over theschaioed conicts, inteeroga- ting themoasto theirteatment. Moetin oot with an ooth, soy- ieg, " Getoot kfee, you toR of ohb-?' Mclenis refosed to depoet. Maetin then called his gnaed end hod the drom coeps play the "erogoe'sooarch"oend watched Goes and Mclenie off she preemises at the point of she hayonet. This oction on the pass of Matins orepoeted so she Legislature, and on ineesti- appninted tnvisitoand inspect the institution went rothee on a frnlic than got the poepose of o reol ieepectioe, ond of course he would moke it doubly pleosaot foe then, especially when his condct in themanagteent wasreportedymany tohbeey questionahie. A comneitteeoas elected totisis the peison and report to the Assemhly. The eoti-ring Republicans and she Denoceote ossisted in getting Don Mclnnis, coloped, of Docol, ond T.. Gass,colored, of Alchoo,on the conemitte. Moe- tin, suespecting emischief io Mclonis aed Gate, os they did not takemuchtocaretbhag cooduct, hadaepeciltrin pepaed wishnwinet, whiskiesoand cigaoood foe the confort oy the visiting goests. He gave Goes aod Mclnois to ondeestand that the trainwould starst oadesignoted hoot, hoe so theoastonish- mnt sof his colored guests the train left jost two hoors nooner shon she tine desigooted ond the colored heothee woe left hehined. Mclnnis woe o cery energetic oed deteromioed represeentotice, endhbyotheeneeans heoondGassweeon she geooed intime to seeMeie outseho pretended tlaosthey had nisondestood hin asto 'the tint. Mottie ot once set oot his liqors and cigaes, which Gassoand Mclnnissrefusedsto paesake of, hotswent aout thei inestigatioo. Matn hod keen wcorkiog she peison- tees on his owns peivose foem or vineyoed while peetending to he cnltivoting geapee foe wine-moking foe the State, and he mode thousands of dollops foe himself out of the peisonees while the State Ionst thoosonds hy his managemnt. This condocs, aod his crelehystothe pisnert,hadhbeennhispeed around aongecol- needmemhersoby the Democrots, and McInnis was ditpoted to gice the mottee a thoenoghI sifting, oo foe os in him lay. In his sotr of inepection he caneme o oportnent whepe there wee a numherof pisoners chained downlatson theirbck. Moe- tin, who hod lo eight of Mclnnis, mtatted on his mrail, and finallyfound himtanding overthchiedconict, interoga- tie0 then os so sheir tretment. Morsin out with an oosh, sny- insg, 11Get ootof kee, youeon ofoh -.t Mctonie refosedsto depot. Mortio thee called his goord and hod the deom coFps ploysthetIogouesmorch"ad notched Goms aned Mclsnnis off she premisee at she point of the hayoet. This action on the poet of MaetiRno wa eported to she Legieloate, ond OR ineesti- appninted toevsitsend inspect the insitotion went enther onea frwlicethan for the poepose ofoaeol inspection, and ofecouese he woold make it doohly pleasast foe then, especiallynwheB his condoct in the management wae tepoetedhby mnto he very qnetsioRable. A committee wa elected tocisit the peison and repoet so she Assenbly. The anti-ring Repohlicone and she Denoceots aesimted in gettiog Don Mcni, colored, of Docol, and T. C. Gass,colored, of Alachno,on the committee. Moe- tiR, suepecting mischief io Mclonis and Goss, as they did Rot take mucho capetbag conedoct, hod a special train prepared with wiots, whiekiet ood cigaes oe hoard foe she comfoes of she visitingguests. He goveGass ond Mclonistooundestondsthot thestroinwoldmstrso adesignated hooe, hot to theasonish- ment of his colored goestesthe train left just tewo hoots sooner thee she sine designated ond the colored hrothee was left hehined. Mclnnis mat a cety energetic aed determcioed representative, endhbyotheremeons heoendGassweeon she grooed in time to seetMatin oos, who peended thatethey had misondestood himas totheteime. Matiooetonce settooshishlqorsand cigars, which GasmondMclneiseefosedmt portnkeof, bottwent aont theirtinetigation. Moetin hod heeR workinsg she peison- tees on his own pricate foem or vineyard schile preteoding to he colsivoting geapes foe wie-making foe she Stose, ond he made thousands of dollos for himself oot of the peisoners while the State lost thoosande hp his mnagemnt. This condoct, and his ceoeltyptosthepisoners, hadheen whispered aeond amngecol- orednmenhershbyhe Demecrats,oand McInnis not disposed to give the mattee a thoesough sifting, as foe as in hint lay. In his toot of ispectioR he cone so en oportnent wheetshee wept e numbeeof pionterschoined down fatot heiehacks. Moe- lie, who had lost eight of Mclnnis, mssred on his spoil, end finollyfounsdhimesoandieg oer the chained convicts, interrtogo- ting then Ot to eheir teoenn. MartiR oat with OR oath, toy- ing, "'Getout of kept, youooef ahb-.' Mclnnis pefosedeto depot. Marotin thee coiled his goard and hod she dpon coeps playsthe "rogoesmarcho nd matched Gems oed Mclnnis off she prenises as she point of she baoet. This action on the poet of Martin woe reported to the Legislotore, aod an ineesec-  250 CARPETBAG RULE IN FORIOA. gatios ws oedeeed uodee the following resolution, insroduced by Me. Proctor: WHEREAS, Is is reporsed that ttwo of the moemohees appoioted by the Assembhly to vsit and inspect the State pritstn were, weithoutanay cause, forcibty ejected Scoot the prison by oedee of the Warden, stho it Speohee of the Assesmhly; therefote 1"Be it Reaslved, That the Assemobly inqoite into the con- duct ofhehpeae-waordenoethe occsion of the visitsof said omemethes of the Assemobly to said peison, that the Assemnhlytsmay takenuchacsioo inthe premsises astmayhbedeemoedoecessary." On oaotioo of Me. Wallace, a comsmittee of flee ssas elected by the Atsembsly, undee the eesolution ahove recited, to otvesti- gote the coodoct of the wcordent of the State ptitono; namsely, Messes. Stceatingen, Wollace, Chadwnick, Mitchell and Washisg- ton. This coamtittee, aftet toahiog a thorough inoestigation ino this outeage, tepoeted so she Asseomhly cocernintg Maetin's cooducs, aftet ohich she folloning resolution mat adyosed; has owsing to she eatly adjootonmeas he wso spared ferom exosue and diogeace: Reaolved, T[has a coamnittee of twso 00 she pat of the Assembhly and ante on she poet of the Seate, he elected to inaspect the State Penitentiary, to peoceed imnmediasely so thoroughly inspect the condition of she State priasnt and said comomittees he insttacted so asceetaint, if possihle, she quatttity and tqoality of food aod clothing fuettished to cnit the pass y~ear, aod she disposisiost node of the laoo of said can- niets, and that said coatttee hn aathoeizedto soummon, swear ad examioetitaesses, and hoohsoaod papees properlyhbelotg- lng to she State Penisentiary. While she nembhets of she Ring otere looking anxiaously foe the deash offoertnoe Hartand desiing theypossessionlfthe radlrnad so assist thentia she gigasssic ftaud twhich they had already plasnned to tetains possessioa of she State, this peopasi- tion ws left as she adjoourntent of the Legislaste as ustfinished hasiness, hating been refceedsto the Cotonitteen Railroads, wshere is was straaagled. As this tisme Gav. Reed, deaieing to fet rid of she comapli- easions growng out of the unsatisfacty conditionnof the 050 CARP'ETBAG sRUcE INFOc. D gatiaa wasordered under she following resnlution, introdocedhby Me. Peoaton: WaoREAS, Is is reparted shot twno of she msembtshe appoinsted bysthe Assembhlpto visit ansd inspect the State peisontsere, weithout any cause, foecihlypejected feamtshe peisots by ortdet of the Wadea, stho is Speakee of she Assemobly; theeefoe I IBe itResolced, That she Assetmhly inqoire into she cats- ductfhfpeae-wsardenn tsheoccasion of thecvisit of said tmenthees of the Assemobly to said psison, that she Assetoblyamay takeasoch actions ints he pemises assmayhbedeemedoecessarp." On mtoaion of Me. W'allace, a comtonitee of lice teas elected by the Assemobly, uader she tesolutioa ahone eecited, so ivsi gate the condoct of she w-arden of she State priaota; namtely, Messes. Swceotingen, Wallace, Chadwsick, Mitchell ansd Washinag- too. This comttsee, afteetoahiag a thoroogh incessigasion intoathis outrage,erepotedsto the Assembslp concernaingMattian cotnduct, after which she following tesolotion swas adposcd; has owinga so he earlypadjoarnmoent heteasaspared fromo exposoe and disgtace; aReaslved, T[has a caonsittee of twso on she part of the Assemobly and one on the poet of she Senate, be elected so inspect she State Peniteotiaty, so ptoceed inmnediately so thtoroaghly inspect the coditioa of she State prisona; and said comtteeahbeistractedto ascetain, if possihle,sthe quatityantdqoality of foodoond clothing fotnishedto convcicts the pass feat, and she dispositioa msade of she oaboe of said cost- victs, andsthattaid commtittee he aothorizedtno susmon, sear antdexanmine citnesses, and boobsoand papees properlyhbelontg- iog so she State Penitentiary. While she omtmhers of the Riag wese looking anxiously foe the death ofGoenor Hoes, aad desiintg she possession of the railroad so assist sheso in she gigantic feaud which they bad already plaanned to eetain possession of she State, this propasi- tion wsna left as she adjoornment nf she ILcgislatare as utnfinished bosiness, bating Seen refereed to theCaommittee on Railenads, whose is wnasnstrangled. At this time Gan. Reed, desising so get eid af the compli- eationsfowng oat of theonatisfactortyconditionofthe 20 CARETBnAGo UEI oc ,s cosoDA. gasian wsta oedered ooder the follooing tesolosion, introducedhby Me. Proctor: WHERsEAS, Is is reported shat sno of she membees appainsed by she Assembly to visit and inspect she State prison wee, swithootsanp cause, forcibly ejected feom she peison by order of the Wardetn, who in Speahet of she Assenmhly; therefoe 11Be it eoled, That tht Assemblp intquiee ito she cots. duct ofhepeae-wsadenothe occasion of the sitsnf said membees of she Assembly so said peisns, that she Assembly way take sach action in the peemites as mayhbedeesed necessaey." Oa motion of Me. W~allace, a committen of five wsna elected by the Assestbly, onder the resolutsioa abose tecited, so ocvesti- gate she condacs of the w'arden ef she State psisan ; namely, blesses. Sweariogea, Wallace, Chadwich, -Mitchell aod Waahiog- tots. Thin cotsmittee, abtet mnahing a thotoogh iavestigatian ino this outrage, eepoeted to she Assembly contcernitng Martinas eonduct, ahter wchich she fnllowintg tesolosion was adposed; bat owiogsto she eatlp adjoueomeat he was spared from enposute and disgeace: Reolv/ed, [hat a commoittee of two on the paet of the Astsembly and one on she part of she Seate, be elected so inpect she State Peoitentiatp, so protceed immediately so thoroaghly inspect the consditiaon of she State peison; and said committees be ontreucted so asceotain,, if pnssihle, she qaotityandqoalityof food and clothing faornished toconsics she pass yeae, and she dispositioa made of the labore of said cost- victs, andsthatsaid commitee be aothoeiaedto suatmc,swar snd examine witnesses, aad honbs aod papees peoperlyhbelong- log so the State Peoitentiaey. W~hile she moemnhers of she Riag wcete lookiog anxiously foe the death of SGoeor Hart, ad desiring she possessiontatf she rtailroad so assist them in tht gigantic fraud which they had already plaaned so tetain possession of the State, this peoposi- tlots woas left as she adjoornmtens of the Legislatuee an onfinished busioess, hatiog beets refetteddto the Committee oo Railroads, where is wan srangled. At this time Gas. Reed, desiriog so get eid of she campSi- eationts geowitg oot of she unsatisfactory cotnditions of she  CARPETBAG RULE IN FLORIDA. 251 railroads and to if possiable place them on a sound and healthy basis, made to Gov. Hart, and through him to the Legislature a proposition to buy the roads and retire the outstandings bonds. The offer was coldly received and was not acted upon. TALLAHASSEE, February 9, 1874. His Excellency, OSSIAN B. HART, Goernor of Florida: SIR: In view of the present complication of affairs in connection with the Jacksonville, Pensacola and Mobile Rail- road and the efforts to involve the State in further embarrass- ment in relation to it, as well as to injure its credit, I beg to sub- mit the following proposition for the consideration of yourself and the two houses of the Legislature, vic: If the State will make a clear and full title to the Road from Jacksonville to the Chattahoochee, with its branches and all its franchises, rolling stock and property, I will agree within ninety days to find a responsible party to purchase the same and pay three hundred thousand dollars, ($300,ooo) return the outstanding State bonds issued to the Company and guarantee the construction of the road from the Chattahoochee to the State line within five years from the date of the transfer. I have the honor to be, With great respect, Your obedient servant, HARRISON REED. At this session also, Governor Reed made an attempt to get a settlement of his claims against the State for moneys expended liy him while in the discharge of his duties as Governor of the State. The following memorial shows the nature and extent of his claim: The memorial of the undersigned respectfully represents- That from June 8th, 1868, until January 8th, 1873, he was the Governor of Florida, elected by the people in accordance with the Constitution of the State and the Laws of the United States; That as such Governor he was charged with extraordinary responsibilities and complicated duties, involving the rights and liberties of the people, the peace and order of society, and the integrity and honor of the State; That it became necessary, in carrying out the laws of the State without money in the Treasury or credit abroad, for him to borrow large sums of money on his own personal responsi- CARPETBAG RULE IN FLORIDA. 251 CARPETBAG RULE IN FLORIDA. 251 railroads and to if possiable place them on a sound and healthy basis, made to Gov. Hart, and through him to the Legislature a proposition to buy the roads and retire the outstandings bonds. The offer was coldly received and was not acted upon. TALLAHASSEE, February 9, 1874. His Excellency, OSSIAN B. HART, Govrnor of Florida: SIR: In view of the present complication of affairs in connection with the Jacksonville, Pensacola and Mobile Rail- road and the efforts to involve the State in further embarrass- ment in relation to it, as well as to injure its credit, I beg to sub- mit the following proposition for the consideration of yourself and the two houses of the Legislature, viz: If the State will make a clear and full title to the Road from Jacksonville to the Chattahoochee, with its branches and all its franchises, rolling stock and property, I will agree within ninety days to fSd a responsible party to purchase the same and pay three hundred thousand dollars, ($300,ooo) return the outstanding State bonds issued to the Company and guarantee the construction of the road from the Chattahoochee to the State line within five years from the date of the transfer. I have the honor to be, With great respect, Your obedient servant, HARRISON REED. At this session also, Governor Reed made an attempt to get a settlement of his claims against the State for moneys expended liy him while in the discharge of his duties as Governor of the State. The following memorial shows the nature and extent of his claim: The memorial of the undersigned respectfully represents- That from June 8th, 1868, until January 8th, 1873, he was the Governor of Florida, elected by the people in accordance with the Constitution of the State and the Laws of the United States; That as such Governor he was charged with extraordinary responsibilities and complicated duties, involving the rights and liberties of the people, the peace and order of society, and the integrity and honor of the State; That it became necessary, in carrying out the laws of the State without money in the Treasury or credit abroad, for him to borrow large sums of money on his own personal responsi- railroads and to if possiable place them on a sound and healthy basis, made to Gov. Hart, and through him to the Legislature a proposition to buy the roads and retire the outstandings bonds. The offer was coldly received and was not acted upon. TALLAHASSEE, February 9, 1874. His Excellency, OSSIAN B. HART, Goernor of Florida: SIR: In view of the present complication of affairs in connection with the Jacksonville, Pensacola and Mobile Rail- road and the efforts to involve the State in further embarrass- ment in relation to it, as well as to injure its credit, I beg to sub- mit the following proposition for the consideration of yourself and the two houses of the Legislature, viz: If the State will make a clear and full title to the Road from Jacksonville to the Chattahoochee, with its branches and all its franchises, rolling stock and property, I will agree within ninety days to fSd a responsible party to purchase the same and pay three hundred thousand dollars, ($3oo,ooo) return the outstanding State bonds issued to the Company and guarantee the construction of the road from the Chattahoochee to the State line within five years from the date of the transfer. I have the honor to be, With great respect, Your obedient servant, HARRISON REED. At this session also, Governor Reed made an attempt to get a settlement of his claims against the State for moneys expended Sfy him while in the discharge of his duties as Governor of the State. The following memorial shows the nature and extent of his claim: The memorial of the undersigned respectfully represents- That from June 8th, 1868, until January 8th, 1873, he was the Governor of Florida, elected by the people in accordance with the Constitution of the State and the Laws of the United States; That as such Governor he was charged with extraordinary responsibilities and complicated duties, involving the rights and liberties of the people, the peace and order of society, and the integrity and honor of the State; That it became necessary, in carrying out the laws of the State without money in the Treasury or credit abroad, for him to borrow large sums of money on his own personal responsi-  252 CARPETBAG RULE IN FLORIDA. hility, to disohaege his duties efficiently and sORe the State from disorder, and eesist soccessfully the effoets to disoeganize and overtheow the Governenttst; That he oat sohjected to enyenditues of more thao ten thootaod doltaet foe attorey feet aod eopeoses to defeoce againstounjusttcharges in impeachmtent,anderesitingeoltion- ary scheos catcotated to heing the State oodee maetiat law'; atndfoeswhich he hseeeceiedemuooeatiooe preented any ctaimt; That hit eoteaordioaey eoyenditoet foe the tmaiotenance of civitgovernentoand constittioaltrighcs, andtonmeet the (sometimesoonreatooabe) eoactiooo of the peopte uoder the laws, amooot to ocee thiety thootaod dotllaes, foe which he has eeceiv'edono compensationo; aod hot foe these eopeodituoes the State wouod hose heno remitted to military governetand a cooditioo of aoaechy aod bloodshed, as well at almott ieeetreo- ahle haoheoptcy, as otherseeconsteocted Stases, oodee fae mace faooahle ciecutmstaoces, hase Seen; That the accountsoof yooe memoriatist for the exspeodituees weee examioed aod atlowed hy a committee of the Legitlatue in s87t to the amouot of sixteen thoosaod dollaes, and again in sfls'to the amoont of tweoty-fooe thoosaod dotllaes; That he is now larely iodehted aod his peopeety ecm hered, on accont of these etptodiores, aod he is now suhject to a Sooty ioteeest which, if not speedity areested, wilt absorh the accumutation of years of feogal iodostey. Aod youe memoeiatitt fuetheetrepeeseots- That while it is conteary to his desiee as a peivate citizen to aeeay himself io hostility with oe qoestioo the veeacity ofoony State officee, aod especiaty otneiowhom he had fomely placed implicit confidence, yet justice to himself aod to she State, whose high teuot he has enecuted, eequies that he shoold deoy io detail and inoeotenoeachoond eoeey allegation of the repoet of the State Compteoltee io eelatioo to the action of yort meorialist in connection with the hypotheceation of bnds in New YatS, aod that he state unqoalifiedly that, white Goserore he nevee at any timeteceived money on account of the State, oe in any maonee esee boood the State, or attemped to biod the State, noreer pledged its hosds foe any money foe whioh he hat Rot accounted to the Teeasury aod the Legiolature; That it is Rot teoe that yoer memoriatist hypothecated any boods with the NeweYokWaehousecaodecuity Companty, ntoenceeased theerate of inteeestootloaos made by others from that company; Sot that he did peroue the eoteosioo of a loon preesiously made feom that company foe threeemooths opon the same teemsas thetloao peviousty careied, which weeucn 050 CARPETBAG RULE tN FLORIDA. Sility, to disohaege his duties effioieotly aod save the State from disoede,anderesistosuccessfullythe effoetsto disogaizeoand oseetheow the Goveeomeot,, That he was sohjected to eopeeditueo of mope than teo thoosaod dollaes foe attoeeey fees aod expeoses in defence againstunjust charges in impeachment, andeistsing revcolutin- aey schemesocalcolated to heiog the State oodep maetial lowt and foe which he has noeeeceived eemooeeation oe peeted any claim; That his eoteaoedinaey espenditores foe the maiotenance of civil governmenand coositionalrigh,endto meet the (sometimes ooeasooahle) eoactioos of the people uoder the laws, amount to ocee thiesy shoosaod dollops, foe which he has eeceivedono compensation; and hot foe these eopeoditores the State woold hose beeo eemitted to militaey goceeoment andoa cooditioe of aoaechy and hloodshed, as wellas atmost irtiv ahle banheoytcy, as otheesreconsteocted States, ndee faoee favorable circumstaeces, hose Seen; That the accountsaof yooe memoeialist foe she expetndituees weeexpamined and allowed Sy a committee of the Legislatoe in 187 to tho amoont of sioteeo thoosantd dollops, and again in t8tsto the amount of twenty-foor shootaod dollaes; That he is Row larely indehted aod his yeopeety encom- hered, on accoust ef these expenditues, and he is now subject tooa heavy inteeest which, if oot opeedily aeeested, will absorb the accomolation of yeaes of fengat indostey. And yaoer memorialist fuethee repreetents- That while it is contraey to his desiee as a peivate citizen to aeeay himself in hostility withoe qoestion the veeacitynffoay State officee, and especiotynone in whomhbehadfomeely paced implicit confidence, yet justice to himself and to tho State, whose high teost he has enecuted, eequires that he shoold deny inodetail and in etenso eachoand eveey allegation of theerepoet of the State Compteotlee in retation so she action of youe memtorialist in connection with the hypothecasion of hands in New Yoek, and that he state unqualifiedly that, white Goseenoe he neereatany timeereceived money on accoont of the State, oe in any mannee ever bound the State, nop attemynd to hind the State, noe evee pledged its hoods foe any money foe which he has not accounted to the Teeasuey and the Legiolature; That it is not true that your memorialist hyposhecated any bonds with the New York Warehouse and Security Company, nor inocreased the eate of inteeest on loaos made hynothees from that company; Sat that he did peocue the extension of a loan preeviousy made feom that company fo theemonths opon the same teemn asthetloan pesiously caeried, which mete anoon- 050 CAnPETBAG ROLE IN FLORItDA. Sitity, to dischaege his duties efficiently and tape the State from disoeder, and eesist soccessfully the effoets to disoeganize and oseetheow the Goceenmens; That he was suhjected to eopendituet of mope than ten thousand dollops tap ottoeoey fees and eopenses in defence against njost chaeges in impeachmeo, and resistiog revolution- aey schemes calcolated to heiog the State uodee martial tam; and foe which hehasneeeeceiedemuooertionor peesented any claim; That his eoteaordioaey eopenditues foe the maintenance of civil goveonmeot and constitutional eights, and to meet the (sometimes unreosonable) eoactions of the people oodee she tows, amoont to ovee thiety thousand dollaes, foe which he has pecoiced no comyensation; and hat foe these eopeodituoes the State woold hace heen eemitted so militaey goceeomeotsand a condhion ofoaeachyaodhboodshed, as well as almost ieeeteiev- ahle bankeoptcy, as otheepreconsteocted States, undee foe mope facorahle ciecumastances, have heen; That the accountsaof yooe memorialist for she expenditoes were examined and allowsed hy a commitpee of the Legislatoee in syt7 to the amoont of sioteen thoosand dollaes, and again in 1S73,ta the amoont of twenty-foue thoosaod dollops; That he is non laegely indehtod and his property encum- Spered, on accoont of these eopeoditoees, and he it now suhject to a heavy inteet which, if not speeddly areested, wilt ahsorh the accumolation of yeaes of frugal industey. Aod youe memoeialist fuetheeerepeesents- That white it is conteaey to his desipe as a peicate citizen to aeray himself in hostity withoe question the sveracity ofoany State oficee, and eopeciaty one in whom he hdfomely paced implicit confidence, yet jostice to himself and to the State, whose high teost he has execoted, eequiees that he should deny in detail and in entenso each and esvery allegation of the eepoet of the State Compteollee in relation to she action of pane mentoeialist in connection with the hypothecation of bonds in New Yoek, and that he state unqoalfiedly that, while Goseenor he never ttany timeeeceived money on occoont of the State, not in any mannee esee hound the State, not ottempod to hind the State, oe ever pledged its bonds foe any money foe which he has not acouonted to the Teasoey and the Legislatuee; That it is not teoe that yoor memoeialist hypothecated any hoods with the New York Warehouse and Secueity Company, noreinceeased theerate of interest on loans made hynothees from that company; Sot that he did peocue the extension of a loan pesiously made from thatocompaoy foe thee months upon the sametems astheloan pevioosly tcarried, which mete ucn  CARPETBAG RULEIN FLORIDA. 253 scinnabe and unreasotnable, and sich hetwouldtsever hae cossented to at an origioaaiproposition; That there ws tno such claima-legal or equitable-against the reenaining bands of the State is the hands of Bayne & Co. as that swhich the Comtptrolter claimss to hate allotted and paid; That the Comsptrollee nor any other person has seen or holds any receipt, note at obligation esecuted hy yoor eorialist on account of the State of Ftorida, hy wehich the bonds could he chargedswith anyoauch snmtashehas allowedand caimsato have paid; That youe omemoeialist, wehen tailed uon hy the Conmptrol- ler, puhlicly stated in the Senate Chamee that all that ws propeely asd legally chaegeahle against said hands swas the amount set forth in his report to the Legislature, and that wehen the Senate seas prepared to pay thatamnoantihe seould guarantee the retursn of lit hands; and that suhsequently he presented that report to the Comntrollee in Ihis office andere- neseed the pledge so peocuse the rettrn of the hands upon pay- men in accoedance therewcith ; and an another occasion he repeated the statement, and finally, in a leites, set forth in the Comptroller'snrepoet, called attention to that report as corrtet; Thathbe nfetted his personal seesices, gratuitously, and all official information, so assist in the settlement upon the hasis of hit statenment aforesaid; and all overetse seeeelied seith wehat your mteorialist regaeded us indignity and areogance; That the repeesentatie at Bayne & Co., then in attendance here, said so yost meseotialist that they seould tsresdertshe hnnds npon payment is cash of sehat your mtemorialist adseitted tn he dat, and said at the same tisee that they held additional neltatetals frome Geneeal Littlefield of neat Stve hundred thnu- sand dallnts; That the statement of accontnof Baynt&C. against General Littlefield and nnse in his hands, and sehich ynue memo- tialist is isefoemed wsa laid hefote the Comptroller, shoseed that these hnnds serse held as collateeal fat only ahost eighty. three thousand dallnts. Vane memornialist, thetefote, in viese of the puhlic intetest involved as setlas hisnown, nsosttrespectfully andaugently request that pane hounoablhe hody seill appoint a joint commiettee to exanmine and invstigate thoroughly and imepartially alt mtattees tooching the carges of the Comeptroller refeteed to, and ev-eything in eonaetion seith the hypothecatin and tedemeption of the State hands sin qoestion; and that pane cons- mittee attn exameine and adjust the claims of pose memoneialist, Andas indutyhboundseillteverpay, &c., HARRISON REED. TALAHASSEE, Janary 16, 1874. CARPETBAG RULE IN FLORIDA. 153 nciosable and uneasonable, and sesic heswould never hae consented toas as oeigional proposition; That these seas so saab claim-legal cc equitahle-against thetrmaining bonds of the State isthe hands of Bayne &Co. as that sehich the Comptroller claims to have alloweed and paid ; That the Coseptroller nor asy other peson has seen at holds any preceipt, note ar obligation executed hy pass memorialist on account of the State of Florida, by sehichs tiss hoods could he charged ith any such samashebasaloeedand caimssto base paid; That your meseorialist, sehen called upon by the Comeptrol. lee, publicly stated in she Senate Chamber that all that ws properly and legally chargeable against said bonds seas the ameount set forth in hit report to the Legislature, and that sehen the Senate seas prepared so pay that amontobe seould guarantee the resues of the bonds; and thatsutbsequently he presented that report to the Comptrollcr in his office and re- neseed the pledge so procure the astute of the bands upon pay- seen in accordance therewith ; and on anothesoccasion he repeated the statement, and finally, in a lettee, set forth in the Comptroller's report, called attention to that report as correct; That he offered his pesonal services, gratuitously, and all official information, to assist is the settlement upon the hasis of his statement aforesaid; and all oerturses seerepelled seith sehat font memorialist regarded as indignity and arrogance; That the represetatie os Bayne & Co., then in attendance bere, said to yoar memorialist that they seoald surrender the hands spas payment in cash of sehat your memorialist adseitted lo be due, and said at the tame time that they held additional clterals lease General Litlefield of neat Seve hundred thou- sand dollais; Thatthentatemeet of account of Bayne & Co. against General Littlefield and nose in his hands, and sehich pose memo- rialist is imfoemed ws laid befoe the Comptroller, shoseed that these hoods serse held as collateral foe only shoal eighty- thee thousand dollars. Yost memortialist, theefore, in siew of the public interest insulved as senlas his an, moss respectfuly and urgently request that pose honorable body seill appoint a joins committee to examine and inestigate thoroughly and impartiallp all matters touching the changes of the Comptroller referred to, and everything in conneclion seith the hypothecatin and redemption of the State bonds is qustion; and that yost com- mittee also examine and adjust the claims of yun nmmoialist, And asindutyhoundseill eerpray, &c., HARRISON REED. TALLAHASSEE, January x6, 1874. CARETBoAGRULE NtLORID. a53 scionahieuanddneasonable, and s'ichbhn-would never have consented to as an oeigional proposition; That these seas no such claim-lsgal as equitable-against thesremaining bondsaof lbs State is the bands of Blayne & Co. as that sehich the Comptroller claims to base alloswed and paid ; That the Comptroller sue any ashes peson has tet us holds any receipt, sass as obligation executsd by yant memorialist on account of the State of Florida, by seich lhbohnds could he charged with any suchsum as hehas alowed and caims to havs paid; That pane memosialist, sehen called uou by the Comptrol- lee, publicly stated in lbs Senate Chambser that all that wsea propelyand legally chasgeablesagainst said bonds seas the amount setfoth in his report so the Legisltue, and that wen the Senata seas prepared so pay thatsamounthe mould guarantee the retursn of lbs bands; andthatlsbseqsentyhe presented that repoet lbsth Comptroller in his office ande- neseed she Sledge to procue the setusn of the bonds upon pay- mentinaccordancettheresith; andaonaothersoccasion he repeated the statement,uand finally, ina lete, set forth in the Controller's report, called attention to that seport us cussect; That he nfeted his personat sereices, gratuitously, and all official information, so assist in the settlemtent spas the basis of his statement aforesaid; and all overtures seeepelled seith wehat yun memorialist regarded as indignity and arrogance; That the representatie at Bayne & Co., then in attendance hens, said so pose memocialist that they seould surrender the hands span payment in cashs of chat pout memorialist admitted su bs due, and said as the same time that they held additional callasesuls fsom Genesal Littlefield of neat Stve hundred thou- sand dousers; That lbs statement of account of Bayne & Co. against General Littlefield and nose is his hands, and sehich yun memo- rialist is imfoemed seas laid before the Comptroller, shoseed that these hands see hsld as collateral foe only about eighty- thee thusnand dollars. Yun memorialist, therefore, in siew of the public interst involved us melt an his own, most respectfully and urgently request that your honorable body seill appoint a joint conmittee so exanmine and investigate thoroughly and imepartially all mallets touching the changes of the Comptroller referred so, and everything in connection seith the hypothecation and redemption of the State hands in question; and that your com- mittee also examine and adjust the claims of yun memnrinlist, And asindtyhbondeil eerpay, &c., HARRISON REED. TALLAHASSEE, Janary 0S, 1874.  254 CARPETBAG RULE IN FLORIDA. Mr. Sturtevant Offered the followng joint resoltution to the Senate, which owas adopted: Resolved, By the Seoate, the Aosetmlyconcorriog, That a joint ctommit ffive, tonemnhees of the Senate andhee front the Ansembhly, hn appointed to tahe into consideation the meor~niallof ExGonernne Hareisont Reed, and torepnetannsoon at peacticahle to the Legittature alt maottert petaining thereto. in puenoance of this resoolution, John L. Cratwfotd and E. C. Howe, on the poet of the Senate, and E. R. Chadwnich, J. B. Brownne, and John E. Proctor, nn the poet of the Assemhly, were appoitted aconmnittee to invnstigate and eeportoppon the accontsoofGovernoreReed asprayedforein the emoeial. On the 14th of Feheuary, 1874, the commtittee reported at follows: The cononittee tn ,ehno eat referred the noetorial of en- Goveror Hareison Reed, ash leave to nmakethe following re- poet: The amounts caimedhyex-Goenoe Reed are an fotlotns: Enpendituresounder act of the Legislature of 1868, $22,603. 19 General contingent expeoses ... . . . .. 6,067.30 Balance on Enecutitvn contingent enpnsees. .. 5,045.85 Housn ent and in~tntest oame .... .. . 5,690.00 Total........ . .. . . . ...$39,606.34 Of this amouont, $31,900.06 is the principal of theaccoont, and $6,7o6.28isinteest, reckoned at 7per cent. Voucheeneneee presented for $20,070.25, leavingahbalane foe which theee areeno vooches, none the official ntatentent of Goneenor Reed, Of $to,82o.8t. Evidence taken hefore the cnomittee went to thaw that Governor Reed hadhborrowed..... $24,136.29 Which anmount the State had paid and hotdt a eeceipt forethensame. Feomnthin amount, how- ever, shoutd he taken the amount Governor Reed paid Warehouse and Security Company, New Yoek, chaeges on hypothecated honds . . 1,587. 15 Leaving a balance of..... .. . . .$2,549.04 which shoutd he deducted from the amont doe hint froom the State. 254 CARETBAG RULEIN FLORIDA. Me. Stoetevant offeeed the following joint eesolotion in the Setnate, which was adopted: Resolved, By the Senate, the Assenohly concuering, That a joint commit ffive, twonmemhers of the Senate and three feom the Aosembhly, he appointed to tahe into contideration the toemorial of Ex-Gceto Hareiton Rend, and toeeport as seon an peacticahle to the Legistree all matters peetainting thereto. to pursuance of this eesoltttion, John L. Ceawfoed and E. C. Howe, onnche part ofthe Senate, and E.R. Chadwic, J.B. Browne, and John R. Peoctoe, n the poet of the Assenmhly, were appointed a commtittee to investigate and eeport upon the aconsof Governor Reedas prayed forin the memoial. On the t4th of Fneraey, 1874, the committee eepneted as follows: The cototittee to whomt was refereeed the memoreial of en- overnoe Harrison Reed, ash leave to mahe the followitngere- poet: The amounts claimedhbye-Gcernor Reedareeas foltows: Enpenditaestondee act of the Legislatuee of 1868, $00,603. t9 Generat contingent expenses ... . . . .. 6,067.30 Balance on Esecotise cooling ent expentes . . . . 5,245.65 Hoose rent and interestntsame .... ... 5,690.00 Total........ . .. . . . ...$39,606.34 Of this antount, $302,900.0o6 is the peincipal of the account, and $6,7o6.28 is inteest, rechonedoat7 perecent. Vouchers were presented for $20,070.25, teavingahbaane for which theee areeno voucheos, save the offinial statement of Goveenor Reed, Of $to,8zo.8t. Evidence taken hefore the commtittee went to show that Governoe Reed hadhborrowed..... $24,136.09 Whieh amount the State had paid and holds a eecetptforethe samte. From this amount, how. ever, should he taken the amount Goveenore Reed paid Warehoose and SecuritypCompany, New Yoeh, charges on hypotheeated hoods . . 1,587. z5 Leaviogahbatance of....... . . ...$22,549. r4 wrhich shootd he dedocted feom the amount doe himt from the State. 054 CARPETBAG RULE tN FLORIDA. Mr. Stuetevant offered the follnwing joint eesolution to the Seoate, which was adopted: Reolved, By the Senate, the Assetmhly cocueriog, That a jntcmmit fficve, two memees of the Senate aod three from the Assembhly, he appointed to tahe into consideeatioo the memorialtof Es-Goveesoe Harrison Reed, and to repoetoas soon as peacticahle to the Legislature oil mnattees pertaining thereto. to puesoance of this resolution, John L. Ceawfoed and E. C. Howe, oo the part ofthe Senate, and E. R. Chadwick, J. B. Browne, aod John R. Proctoe, on the poet of the Assemhty, weeapponted a commtittee to isvestigate and eeport opon the accountsoof GovernoreReed as prayed for inthe memoia. On the 14th of Fehrnary, 1874, the committee eeported as fnllows The committee towhom waseferred the memnriatnofex- Govesnor Hareison Reed, ash leave to tnahe the fottowing ee- poet: The amonots claimedhy e-Gvernoe Reedaeas follows: Expenditoresoundee act of the teislatre of x868, $22,603.t9 General contingent expenses ... . . . .. 6,o67-30 Balaoce on Rxecutice cooling eel expenses . . . . 5,245.85 House rent and inteeestnosame .... .. . 5,69o.on Totat ..... . .. . . . ...$39,606.34 Of this anmount, 530,900.06 is the principal of the account, and $6,7o6.z8 is iterest, rechnned at 7 pee cent. Vouchees weee presnted for $20,07n.25, leavingahaance foe which there areeoou~chees, save the officiat statement of Goneenor Reed, Of $12,820.81. Evidence taken hefoee the committee went to show that Goveenor Reed had horeowed..... $24,136.29 Which amount the State had paid and hotds a receipt foethe same. From thisoamoont, how- ever, shootd he taken thr amount Goveenor Reed paid Waeehoose and Secueity Company, New Yorh, charges Sn hypothecated bonds . . 1,587.15 Leavinrg a hatance of..... .. . . ...$22,549.04 wrhich shoutd he deducted from the amount doe him from the State.  CARPETBAG RULE IN FLORIDA. 255 CARPETBAG RULE IN FLORIDA. 255 CARPETBAG RULE IN FLORIDA. 255 The ceomittee are of the opinien that at most Gov- ernor Reed can only claim $Sopee year foe hooseeot. Alloweing this, wcoold leace the principal of hit account at ..... .. . $9,46o.o6 Feoeo wehich deduce ... .. . . . ..22,549,14 Leaving a balance of..... .. . . ...$ 6,9sR.o2 is his faor. As Goversar Reed claiomsthreeearse' interest at 7 per ceo.on swhteee sumtmoybe due hio, and as the commoittee deieto presest hio claim io foll, i0 order that each moemoher of the Leg- islatureemay kow the eatent ood particulars of theclaimo, we oddto the above three years' in- terest at perecent........ . .. . $,,.28 Making A total of .... .. . . ..$8,362.0 Gov'eror Reed alsoclaim~sthat he paid.... $a,ooo.oo interest 00 boodo io Newe York, botethe coupons he claiostoahave paidhaveonot beenoreturned to the State,hou eestill inNew York. If he shoold secureetheereturncof those cousspand that amaouot is allowed his,, aod all the othee iteems of his accaons are alloweed otto, then the grand total of hit accouot against the State wcould be.......... . . .. .. $io,362.20 It is peopee foe the coomoittee to state thot tost of the eopenditures ctaitoed to hovt heen made hy Goveernoe Reed weeincurredoondethe head of tecrettsercice,andounderethe peovisios of chaptee e,66a, Late, of Ftoeida. As to the ncs sty or peopriety foe those expenditues, each memere of the Legislatuee can jodge as wetl at youe cootmittee. If Governore Reed should olyhbeatowed the amountfr which he peesented voochees, he woutd thto stosd io deht to the State, hat the committee thinh that lrge tatitode shoold he allowed him, io the coooideeatioo of hit ctaim, aod in view of all the circuomstooces oodee which the eopendituees were made, the committee eecomomeod that the Legisltauoe shootd teeat the claimwofethe e-Goceeso, with the utmast geneeosity consistent weith the interests of the State. Is the Senate tht eepoet of the committee wsa not ated opoo at this session, the Lieutenat-Governore, M. L. Stears, using his influence quietly against its consideration. The committee ate of the opisios that ut most Gov- ernoe Reed can ontly claim $500per year foe hoote rent. Allowing this, woald leave the peincipal of his account as ... .. ..$29,460.06 Feom which deduct ..... .. . . . ..22,549,14 Leavisgahbalaoce of ......... . . . $6,9io.o2 io his favor. As Goceeor Reed claimotthree yeaes'iteett 07 pee cent. on cchatecee saw may he doe him, and as the committee desie to peesent his claiw it fall, io orer that each wewhee of the Leg- itlature mayhknow the extent aodparticulaes of the claim, we add to the ahove thee years' io- terestoat 7perecent........ . . . $1,451.28 Mohing a total of..... .. . . ..$8,362.20 Governor Reed alto claiws that he paid.... $e,ooo.oo ine es ha bnds in New Yorh, hut the coupons he claims tohav~epaid havenot heeretuened to the State, hat are still ic New Yorh. if he shou~ld secureetheereturo of those coapoosoond that awount is allowed hiw, aod all the othee itews of his accounts are allowed alto, thee the grand total of his accaot against the State wouldhbe..... . .. .. ..$10,362.20 Is is proper foe the caomittee so state that watt of the expenditres claiedtohavehbeenomadehyGoeror Reed weresncureerdondee the head of s ecesteevice, and usdee the peotisions of chaptee s,66a, Laws of Florida. As so the oteces- sityor propriety forthose expenditures, each membereof the Legislature eon judge as well as your committee. If Govereor Reed should aslyhbeallowed the amounsefor which he presented vouchees, he would theo staod in deht to the State, hot the committee thinh that laege latitude should he allowed him io the cansidetotion of his claim, and in view of all the circuwstaoces under which the eopeoditues wete made, tht caommittee recoammeod that the Legislatuoe shoold treat the cloim ofthe e.Goeoe with the atmost geneeositypconsistent with the interests of the State. In the Senate the eeport of the committee was not acted upon at shis session, the Lieutenant-Goereno, M. L. Stearns, osing his influence quietly against its consideration. The comomittee ate of the opinion that at mot Got- ernoe Reed can only claim $500per year foe hoosetrent. Allowing this, wauld leave the principal of his accouot as ... . . $9,46e.o6 From which dedact ..... .. . . . ..22,549,14 Leavingahbalance of......... . . . $6,91.02 io his favor. AsGaeeore Reed claims three yeaes' inteest at 7 pee cent. on what ecee saw mayhbe due him, and as the cowmittee desire to preset this claim io fall, in order that each mewhee of the Leg- islatue mayhknow the ectent andpaeticularsaof the claim, we add tothe ahov~etheee yeaes' io- terestsat7percent.s . . . . .... $145.2 Mahiog a total of..... .. . . . $,362, 20 Govteror Reed alsoacloiwsI thohe paid.... $a,00o.oo itleeest on hands in New Yoeh, hut the couspons he claims tohave paid haveotheeneturaed to she State, has ace still ins New Yorh. If he shold securesthereturo of those cupons and that amaon is allowed him, and all the othee stews of his accaunts are allowed also, theo the geond total of his account against the State wouldhbc ...... . . .. .. $1,362.20 It is peapee fae the coomoittee to state that moot of the ecpenditaretsclaiwed so have heeo made hy Goveeore Reed wereeiocurred undethe head of secrettseecice, andunderethe pravisiaont af chapteer I,56, Laws of Florida. As so the neces- sity oe peopeiety foe those expendituees, each memhee of the Legislatuee can judge as well as yaur cowwittee. If Gaserore Reed should anlyhbeallawed the awountsfor which he preseosed vaachees, he would theo stasd io deht so the State, hat the comwittee thinkh that laege latitude shoold he allowed him io the coosideeation of his claim, and in sitew of all the circumstances uodee which the eopendituees were made, the comwittee eecowwend that the Legislatare shauld trrat she claimof the ex-Gaceoe with the utmast generasity consistent with the inteeests of the State. In the Seoate the repot of the committee was not acted upon at thiu session, the Lieutenant-Goernor, M. L. Stearns, osing his influeoce quietly again st its consideration.  256 CARPETBAG RULE tN FLORIDA. At the session of 1873,0 anOct had boon passed aothorizing the isooe of one mtillioo dolloes of Slate hoods, tD bear tin pee cont. toterest io gold, ond payoble in thirty years. Those bonds note to he sold foe Dot loss than eighty cents on the dot- lae. Thousands ofdollars ofhtatescrip had been issued toorn the Stole governmntl and as soon as the hill hecante a latw a sciperinfeas formeodabout the capitol among somneof the cab- inetDoflCet, foethe putposo of convettinf the scrip into those hoods. As, at this tone, scrip wsC~ stlling foe thirty-five and forty cents on the dollar, thoso industrious fgDntlDmen sseoe ahle to drive quito a profitable trado. 'Tho Agricoltaoal College sctip, amnoonting to aboot one hundedothousand dolars, was soon to be received froom tho gen- eraltgosetnmtent. Itnwonld sell for aboutoeighty thousand dol- lars. While Cotegill, Hoot, Stearns and Cotepany weroe stmach- ing their goeedy tnooths oero this expected prey, Voonnm. slipped to NewYorkhand purochased StateondsfromteBayne & Co., already held hy thoem against the State. Categilt intiteates in his report that soteething teas totteD in this transaction of Vat. nnnts, bat wtever mtay base indnood hite to ntahe the par- ohaso, he did at least one righteons act while treatneof the Agricultural College, by hooting these voltares out of eighty thouand dollars. The following it Cotegill's lamentation to Hoot o this mnattor: 1White I hnnte that teaob hat been oceoteplishod hy this settleteent, yet tho reaoonable expectations which twere enter- lamned of selling alt the hondt havo not boon realized. ''ITothis end I ttenmptedto hose theteoneyadising frot she sole of the Agroiutural College scrip invstod in those hoods, so that the meoney meight comte into the Treasary. "Assurances had beengioen byseveral of the Trustees of their approval of this invstteent. ' 'To induoo them to do to, I addoessed 10 thete the fnllote- ing letter: TALLoAHASSEn, May 17, 1873. GENTLEMAtN: I hove the hnnor to oequest that youtewi mnet tbe oney belonging to the Agricuttnrat College in the noe bonds of ohe State of Florida. IteouldnottmehthisoappiaondidtInot feel nssured, bnthas aciizenoand as Conmptroller, knnowing the resoures nf 256 CARPETBoAGRCLEtINFLODA. At tbe setssi'on of 1873, an act hadhbeen pasted anthorizing she issue of one teillion dollart of State bonds, to bear sin pee cent. intetest in gold, aod payablo in thirty years. These hoods tee to be sold foe ot loss than eighty oents on the dot- too. Thousands ofdollarsofbtatescriphad beenissuedtoorun she Slate goseonmoent. and as soon as the bill becatee n latea scrip ring teas formoed about tho capitol ameong somte of the cab- inetlofficers, forothe purpose of contin~tg the scrip into theso bondt. As, 01 this tite, scrip teat selling foe thirty-fioe and forty oents on the dollar, these iodutroioos gendletoen wsere able to driote qoite a proitablo ttade. The Agriooturoal College scrip, ateounting to aboot one hundred thousand dollars,teas soon ta beoreceived from theogen- eral gosernmen. toold sell fooabot eightyothousand dol- toes. Whilo Congilt, Hoot, Stearns and Cotepany wee steack- ing their greedy teooths over this expected pey, Vearnsr slipped toNeteYorkband purchosed State bonds froteBapne & Co., alteady hold by otem against the Slote. Cotegill intimtes in his report that sotething teas rotten in this transaotinn of Voe- note's, buttehateer teaybhave induced bimte mtakte thepnr- chose, be did at teast one righteous ast tehile treasuer of the Agricultural College, by heating oheseooultues out of eighty thnnsond dollaes. The following is Cotegill's tlteentadion to Hart on this mtete: 1While t hnate that teach bat hoe 0accomtplished by this seotleteent, yet she reasonable expectations tebich woereenter- tained of selling all the bonds bovn not been realized. "1Tn thisoendtIlatemptedto hose the teoney ariding fromn the solo of ohe Agriculbural College scrip insested in obese bonds, so that the teoney teight cote into she Treasory. "Assorancsthad beengiven by severl nf the Trustoes of their apposal of this invstmtent. 'To indoce ohoem to do so, I addressed to them tho follote- ing tettere TALLAHAnSSoo, May t7, 1873. GEnNTMN: I have the hnnortoeeqnest thot yotewilt intent she teoney belongiog to the Agricturlaal College in the noe bonds of the State of Florida. tteould nootemahethis appliction did I not feet assured, bothoasne itizen and as Comtroole,knoweing the resoarces of 256 CARPETBAG RCLE let FLOnIDA. At the session of 1873, an act had been passed aotborizing the issue of ooe teillion dollaos of State bonds, to bear sin pee cent. interest in gold, and payable io ohirty yoes. 'These bonds 0000 to be sold foe 001 less than eighty cents on the dot- lnr. Thousands of dollaes of State scrip had boon issued to eon she Slate governnt, and as soon as the bill becotee a latea seriperingtwaslforedabout the capitolateongtsomeeofsthe a- inetofficers, forethe puepote of convertdngthe scrip into those bonds. At, 01 this titee, scrip teas selling foe thirty-fiCe and forty cents an oho dollar, these indosorious gontletmen wee able so drivC quite a profitable trade. The Agrieultuoal Colloge scrip, aoonting to about one hundoed ohoasand dollars, teas soon to be received fromt the gen- eral governteent. Itowould sell foe aboutoeightythousand dol- toes. While Cotegill, Hoot, Stoarns and Cotepany tere steaok- ing thoir greedy teouths oser this expected pey, Voonons slipped to Noew Yook and purchased Stabe bonds frot Bayne & Co., already held by thete against the State. Categill intiteates in his report that sotething teas rotten in this transaction of Voe- notel, buttehatevee teayhave induced himte o te thepuo- ebase, he did at least one oighteous aso tehile tooasoeo of the Ageileootal College, by heating these vuturoet out of eighty thousond dollaes. The following is Cotegitl's loteenoation to Hoot on this mteater: "1While I hnnte that teueh has been accoteplished by tbis setteteent, yet the reasonable expectations tebitct tee entoer- tamned nf telling all the bonds hose not been roalized. " ITo thisoondtItattemptedto base thetmoney aising frot the solo of the Agoionltual Collego sorip insested in these bonds, so that she tey teight cotee into the Treasury. "Assnrances had been gieenby seeral of the Trustees of their apposat of this insesoteent. "To induce thoes to do so, I addeessed to thete the fnllote- ing letter: TALL~oASSE, Mop t7, 0873. GENToLEMAN: I base the hnnor to request thas ynuwilt insest the meoney belooging to the Agrienturalt Cotlege in she noew bonds of the State of Flodida. Itwould nottmehthis application didtInot fel ossueed, bothbasnaoitizenoand as Comptronlle,knoweing theeesources o  CARE~TBAG RULE IN FLORIDA. 257 the Stote, that the inetmentwillhtepefctlyoecure, andmoe advantageous to the College thoe oey likely to be toode. These boodt oee told ot So coote, ted beoe intetest payahle semi-annooally 0t six pee coot. io gold; thoo foe $Sot yoo geta hood foe $rooo, oodmwhen U. S. curencyood gold are eqool in valuettheinterestist7Y, pee tent. tnpoour inteotoeot, ood with gold ot 14 pee coot. ptemium (at te aoot which re it will preohaly contiooe for totme titoe), the iovetmtwo yields o trife Fet S, pet Foot. Ilenclose copy ofoaletteelI Foot to Bayne &Co.,cof New Yorh, with cho I ow sucefuloly oegotiotiog it reference to the retoto of tho old hypothecated hoodt of 1868 ood 1869, ond also tetot yoo to atstateet poblithod ic the loot Seotioel Fon- ceenigdeeeitsadooxpnditeof thoStatsnio t o Jonooty, at evidencesoOf our tretr tooa heolthfol Foedition fnancially. If thoot iotereted it the fotore of our Stote, (ond oho ic ntot ?)willcordiallyouitieeo ssinog to reoostoeoootace, we wilcoon be onoacashbais;oand Ioegodoh tpeeesioo ofyooe confideooe iothispogesivepospoerityofoe Stote, asowillhe eidencodhbythisietmotot, asoa veryimpoetant,oand peehops essentiol auoilioty. I amtleavingfortNe'Yoekoehbusiness, andtIhope tohear from you foemolly, to that t tan show to bankers the coofidencte poor hoordereposesoinotherecuperatieeneegy of oorStte. Verp reespettfolly, C. A. COoWotot, Coooptoller. Truotes of tde Floridat Agrtooltoeotl Collego. A faorabole tespoece to thit reqotst woc pectsolly soticited from the Ttooteet hy Lieotenont-Gooeroor Stent ond other gentlemen. The hoord met Mop ood, ood ofter theie odjoorn- meet, Lieoteooot-Goerneoe Steoeos wot infoemed hp wemberc thot the iovestmeet woo ditetted to ho mode ie the eew honds ondcso telegeophed to me in New York. Genotol Voenom, Treoaree ot the AgicturalBoard, came toNewYorkond informed we thot the Teocteec hod come to no doeiie coinclo- cion, hot hod left the whole mottor of invectment in hit hnnds. Ohtoining from him no sotisfootoep infoemotion, ond suppocing that he woe for come unnown reaocon deloping the action ond pec neerc dnuhting thoc in the end ond 01 the time when the State mocc needed the money, the prhase wouldhbe mode from the State, I returned tollorida, It was not until Otoher that I cospected that General Var- nnm might have inected in the hondc helonging tn Baye 17 CARPETBAG RULE tN FLORIDA. 057 the Stote, thototho inestmeetowillhepefetly ecue, aed moe odvoetogeooc to the College thon anp lihely to ho mode. Theco honds are cold at So cents, ood bea0r interest poyohle semi-annuooly ot cit pee Foot. i0 gold; thot foe $Soo you got o hoed fore$tooo, ond whoen U.S.cureecy and gold ae eqoot in c-outto ohinteretoiso7 Y pee ceet. onpyour investment, andoeith gold at 04 pe toetot. peemium (tor ooot whioh tote it will prohohly contine foe tome tiwo), the investoent yields o trife ove 8y pee oent. ttenclosecopp ofoalotteetItoot to Bayne &Co., of New hoek, with cho lo amtotceofolly negotiating io refeence to the rturnt of the old hypothetoted hoedo of 1868 ond 1869, ond also refee pot tooa sotatmetpolished in the loot Setintel ton- terniogoltereceiptstond expentditoresoof the Stote sinco tot of Jonuoep, as evidences tof tour retuoro to o healthful ondition finanillp. If those ioterested io tho ftuoe of toer Stole, (ondcwho ic eel ?) wilorodiallypunite inasistingoto restoore onace, we will soonehe onoacashobais;oand Ieegood the expreosioe ofyooe eonfideece inthisprgesiveposperitytfoureStte, osowdlhbe eeidenoedhbythisietment, asaeoryimpotant, ond pehopt etteetiol autilioty. I amwleavingfor ewoYorkhoehbusies, ond Ihope toheor from poo foewollyp so thot I FOR them to honhers the confidence poue hoordereposesointhcerecupeeotieeeegyofoe Sot. Very resetfolly, C. A. COcottLo, Com1pteoffoc. Toootees of tde Floeido Agcioilloeol College. A faoroaole responce to this reqoest woo peesotoally tolicited from the Teocteec hy Lieetenont-GoteeeDoe Sterns ond other gentlemen. The board metMay ood, ond ofter their odjoorn- meet, Lieotenoot-Goveente Stetrns was infored hy memhers thot the inestment moo diretted to he mode in the new honds and to celegeophed to we in New Yoeh. Geeeol Otoenom, Teotoree of the Ageicultural Boardeocme to New Yorh ond informed me thot the Teotteec hod eome to no defiie conctlu- tin, hot hod left the whole motter of inestmeno in hit hoeds. Obtaining from him no satitfotore ieformotion, ood cuppocing that hr was for come nkhnown reacon delaping the oction oed pet ceer dohbting thot in the end and at the time when the Stale mnst needed the mnney, the prche wouldhbe made from the State, I retornedlto Florida. It was not ontil Octoher that I suspected chat General Var- cam might hoe invested in the honds helonging In Boyne 17 CARPETBAG RULEOIN FLORIDA. 057 the Sctte, thot the inoestment will be peofectdy scee, and more odoatageoos to the College thoe aoy likely to he mode. Thece hondc oee told 00 So cents, ond hoot interest poyohlo cse-noulp at six pee cetnt. in gold; thus foe $Sot you gta bond foro$tooo, andmwhen U. S. curencey ond goldoareequal in voloeothe ionteet is 7Y. perocent. teon our inetmeot, otndwith gold ot 14 pee toot. pemwiom (at tor aoot which tote it will prcohabp ontinue foe tome time), thte inetwent yields a trifle ovr y pet Fent. Itenclose copy of a leotte Iset to Bayne &Co., of Now Vork, withholomoooomsucsfudlyenegotiating ineefeeeto the retuttn tf the old hypotheoted honds of 1868 ond tS69, and alto tefer pot to o stoteent pubolished in the last Senotiel FoR- certingdtoeeeipts ted texpenditoreoof the Sctte sinoe it of January, at etidencet of our 100000 to o heolthful condition financially. If thoseinteretodhin tho fotue of totr State, (ondcwho it not ?) will cordially onitein ascisting to resotoe rfinooes, we willeoeon e oacahobais ;andI egodthe txpessioof yonr confidenooinethis progrtssive petospetity of ott State, os will he evidenetdhbyhisinetmet, asta ery iwptanot,oand perhoapt ecssential atiliory. I amwleavingfot NewYorkhonhusinesw,andlIhope to hear from you foemallp, to thot I coo chow to hook ers the confidence yor hoordreposeinehrecupertieeegofoe Stoe. Very respeotfoulpy, C. A. COotIt., Cowtolde. Truoteo of Ode Flotido Agrdoo/eooaf College. A favorahle espoese to this reqoet woe pecoolty solicoited from the Trosteec hp Lieuttenant-Governor Sters atd othee gentlemen. The hoordwmet Map 2od, oed after their adjootn- went, Lieotenaet-Governor Stearns mos informed hp memhers chat the inetmwent moo dircted to ho made io the new honds and to celegeaphed to me in New Voth. Genetal Xtaenom, Treacoree ofthe AgriculturalBoard, came ooNewYorkhand informed me that the Tructeec hod tome to no definite conlu- tin, hot hod left the whole matter of inestment io hit hands. Ohtaining from him no satitfactorf iefoemation, and ceppocing that he was for tome unknown reasoo delaping the action and pet eet douhting that in the end and at the time when the State mnstcneeded the monep, the purchase wouldhbe made from the State, I returned to Floida. It was ot until Octnhee that I cuspected that General Vae- comn might hoe inested in the honds helnnging to Boyne 17  £58 CARPELtoG £R7 JRI £ ,RT S, C.,ad Otober i thl ddesedalettttheme,aking if Genl Votot had purchasedhbondsfom theem. IIceeplyeo this letter eceied ateedonard eterfllows: Not, hoe,, Otober 27, 1873. DR. COoct11 33, Dear Ne,: -AN.e di~poed toyou a feo daysao I II teply totyotr faNor of the I 5th itt~t., ts fotlo,. "Naeeoun aoecngite theettoittt in I Cnsoeredthus 71ot tie intanc ,£Co f GeeralIVeoinnt1o propos~ed to£ee. i i07 person wth efer-oe tothe sbjettecoat ter ef I Or note. me, 7£ to whether or7 Cot VnilClin, letooer, had beught bonds froeets. If ,ttthl ltdone.o, tuttder t-,1etetttt placedttupon me, Itshould havtedelineod to anseroot,httt i o ,~doing thotof itselftoettld haoe giten ticse t upitiot upo 7770 o7r part7. h probbly socte such tticttetoe hatd takent piae.. Von woutld tattttheit sougt coid obltaintedlthe iformtion from theptyttor paties who t/tttt had tite eight tocoetet e,- Ieer cold ,te myoslfoany godeon for tott££t777o- Cngfr8,77) wtl No£ upot te object, 7 et I tast, 3777 t t artot at libetytoedoeso. It isrertotsptt toeesltionof the BoarddefTrutstees, .ttttitttittng the putrche ofttheebodsfom itstmade earlt in t tine, ted indeed the preeliminaries £8 the ntegotiatonse dattngtey muchearer tchanthat,twith soeeof the Trustees exc£ts of Treaser pol,eto er ccy astthe purchase andsaleeeferredt£ totl tletatter tts onsumma~tted ard erdered offleiaty 7£ he givent7£to tltlit. Mlteelatttioniwihtvce aeeat tmt inithholding ne jofoect- eti£C from to,Cwhen. ought,£and by consenttof VaNuenteI wreite thit. Neor.,tTU77£ I, 1L. P. Botto. P. c.-The teratstctiett 77a7on tt f ptte hoineo. Nttettet wantted tohbt%, aed ttecertaielywantedteoell. Ie thit lettee Me. Bvyesays. truly thatittt-as the ftestotimte I "hadeere ptt direet qtuetoto himeto whtttethereortnot Veeeett, Treetseter, had heeght hetnds," atnd itiseulyte thateI hedttevertot anideet qestion uon the stthject,tas thepetttbilhtyof ethee General) %'atrium purchasieg fee, or ef Me. Beyne selling to the Cellege, had teotertcsed mty mtitnd until Otober. £58 CART' k LL IN 7 O I707.7 &eCe., aridOtohber t thlI ddestedIettereto thee,, askiht if Genteratl etertt had turehbaedhbonds fromtthemt. Iteteply to thit letteelI reeeoadtelega antttdtaletteret, fellowso. Nett Nco, October,. 27, 7873. DR. C.)\ 1;DJ .7/, Dear St' it disptched to 7C77 i7 few, dtyto ie etplpt toyotr feter of the i~t in7., as follows NUateeet aoecngive the itnfotiton. I atteed tho., ttheitncefeerl Vetti t hc propoed tett.. 7ttttttt persot tttthtrefote(tot h ujtmt teCf %or£ oe Thisi the 71r timtht ,77, 71il thtt to, ttt e diect ot-tetioe to £7. as twhethertr ot c n~to , Treasere, had heought honds feem Cs. If pohttl don~e to, undttettelt ot.7t1.tedttpeeeme, Ishetild havetelined to an.£ee££o,loutic CC doing t777 of itselftteould het e fiten Cise 7£ suttcionupo £7 o77£77r7 pa.that probaly somte licth transacttion had thkelae Yeoe old haceth,,n oughtoaed obtainodltheifoeeotion Itneveer could see telef anygoodteuoCC foe o ones tlifetijto doo. It itspropeto aythat tetresolutionof the Board fTtutees onodtittuig thepuchase of the heedt hrom ustmade early i£/ttslt JTrue, ancd indeedthe prelimtinaeies Cf the negotiations, da.tin ,-errt Otiect earer othan that,7withsomteeofthe Trusteesexc£tt tof Teastter pstittole C-cey as to the perchate antdsalereferredto, util teMatteewstonsuCmmaCted arid orderedffltttP.7 tt b770 g£iven toloulit. Alo elactioneth you£warrant te in wtthholdhtg noiform- L. P. Btt to. P. S. -Tetasato CCsoeo £8577 husies. Vetecet wanCtedtoltuyted, wetcetatttlyttwtttettetell. In thti ettere.Ie. itte sats trulypthat itotasthheefrttie I "hadeee put adiet qetionto himtetoeehethee r o VeeC£,iTeasurer hadheohtheend,"endhhtiseqlly tre that I hadeerput an7 indirect questiont epee the tuhjeot,tts the possihdliy efethee Geneeeal Veeee purchasingfor, ee ef Mr. Bat1 CCellingC te the CoIlege, htd neeeteetted mep eied until Otoer 258 CARPtBAt 77 777£ IN FLRIA &eCetead Otoeer rdI ddessedaleteeto them,tashingtf Generalednettthod potohaoedhbondsofromthem. Ihteeplyto thisoletteer e eceiedadtelegram andtalettera ollowtst: NF0 Not.,, Oter 27, 18h3. De. Ccc-I.L ./tfil7De7 Sc 77,.e dt.77£tlted 7£ 7077 a77, few .3, 70. goi alone caC give the informttnte p opsdto~ ee ) the.i torsnA teto eferotl loote IubVct mt- ftrt~ ofofeterenodee Thsi7h firstttimtt, Non hav 7077 a77 .77 direct ,jtit,.itoe to me,7 £770 twhetheecce ot Villoo. leooec, had bought on~ds frmts. If p-oo hod done so, octe~ce!7t, place.d 0up0n tee, Ieshoudhaedecinted 7to0Csie700£, Itet io to doing 8777 of itelflould haoe gi~t is to 7£icion7 777£ 7o7 part, 77077 preohablyotme such otansaciont hal tohet plot c Not weould ott. lthe soughlt toot)otaintedl 777 informaotn~ from the patyoeptidoehoofoi hald t77 ihtt7 oyriri Ileertcold ste £77.7)8 ancgoodlieooo foe notcooee,- itg fteeIttwlth£0ou7upothe77subject,77etII t7777Jtyttwetareent tdbeiy to doCo. Ii oper77to stha 8777 ~esoluidonof the Boardof Trutees, (ocoioiit the purchase of doe hoedsftoot osetade eaely inelas -toe, a78 endeedothe preelitminaries of the negoftatn, datieg 707 octeft earliter thea. thot, with someC of the Trostees exactsof Treasurer posih/ole cecy as to tepurchase ted sale referred to, util t8e,,.e 7£ £as7 ctotttmeieted ocid oedered efflitoff to be givent to the pubolie. Nlo 7770tionCCCih 700£ earrat 777 inewihholdingo iefcee- ton hroe, too, weo ought arod Pp consentoof itettoet I wodte thio. Vo lt,v L. P. BAooNF. P. S. -Tetascinwsoe ofpure hosieso. VaNtoe totented tohou, end wetcertinly7wanted totell. In thit lettee Nit. Bayt esays trulypthatitcwas the fersttie Io"hd eeeputtadietqestiontohim a toowhethereornot Vttte, Tetsuree, htd heough, hoedo," tod it isequllyorue that I had £77Ce put ae indiect qeton £5pCC the sehjece, et the possiiityt Cf eithee GeneraleaNte£C purchasing foe, or of Pie. Btpee selltet to the College, had Cetee ctosted mty teied util Octobr  CAPrIGRUEI FtLcRIDA. 259 I thee addressed toc the 'Feetteec of the Ageicultcueai College twec coemmunications, as fllw te 'icc c..cctcc F, Ft c., Noebere te, 1873. To the Trustees cf etce Floridahc Ageheccta College: GEILE N tsEN-Sectioe ci7 cte ct entitled no act to estab- lish the Flidai Agcciceeturi C'oliege, appioedec February t 8 t870, scyt the Tr'stes~ shalt repot to tie Comyceoliler ann- atly on the fistc day ofl Oceec" cheie action in relfeence to te saleoflandcioriteni sciic,.tcctchehissicccccfethe pceesf saidsaie, ie sucicformess he haycc dicect. Tiiseemts toccmake itcthedc}t ofl the c'ecccroccee tc inhicate to cte 'Trustees cte foertinewichcthiscIeyccccteshlceccmade. Iterefeleestc~ thc reyport toc he cede fit the cform cf fil ancd explicitcanses to the fllowcingqestions, tect. Wa's theiclandicorldscripysold? td. At wchat timce tes the salie mtcee? Ad. Upoecwhcctes, wehetherefoec(acheeeypcr edtit, acci if fer cedit, enetieon macneee and (iace of ipaymenct. 4th. TFe whoem sees the saie emadce, ted hy chem st the ageec oflthehbccrdi? 5ch. Ftccve the termsofcsaeheenticlcompled with :if not, menetien the sdetcetc yeplce andtcmece of aectal paeymcent. 6th. TO c heom tees the mecy tech asc the agent ccf the Trcuetees ? 7th. Whet disyoiione tees cede ccf chic emoney-sc it atc occisestsd yermentlecy, or tees it plced on ctepcray deposit ? If soc, atcwhatcece eflintesest? 8th. Whet yerentcet investtcents hase heen emede, dace cf pershece ofl heeds orc ocheessecusities, description cf heeds, fromechomcyurchasedandet hat price ? 9th. By wchmcsutch inesttments wereecmahe asc theeageec of the Trustees, anedhbywhatcaechcricy ? ith. Aneitecmie ctsctofeallesessary espences incutred int these teacsactions. Vesy resyectteily, C. A. CecesceL, Conctekt. COMPTROERc~t'S OFFICE, TALLAHASEccE, FLe., Ncv. te, sf73. To the Tileee of! the Flortidac ,hgshriclcl Cocllege. CEeecA.c-tc Mayilast, Iteddrssedycoueetccsmueisation wehich wasedesiged teplaeefeleyouthe proprietyof inesst- CARPTBAGRUL IN LORIA. c59 I thee acddresseh to the Trustees ccf the Ageiricleura Coilege twoOc comniaios as Collows :ccc ccc ceAset,, Ft c., Ne ere cco, 1873. Te the Trucstees ef the E/ec'ha rAghecc t C llege.: lisEeTtceMEe-hcccc 17c occ teat entitlh an act toc estah- lish the Florcida Agricutural Cciiege-, ayyproceh Feheruary t8, s170,says tes.."'rues shalti reportctite Comtcoiier ano- ally onc the lerst hey ofl Oiceec" their acties is referece to cte seaeoflan orilacndtscciy,,ccscichedispostion ofl theyeroceehseof saidecsal', inc sech fetes es hectay diectc. This seemcstcmae it the duty ofl the eCompctroller to indicte te the Truscees cthe formccin'whicthis reycrt shalt ieccmade. I thceeeoe request tce recporc to he ceahe icc the formco ell etch explicict aswcers to the flloiwcingicuesionsc icc. Wcsteilandericcnd sccipysoid? ed. Attwhatctiewacsteesalecmae? 3d. Upec wtei cecrms, whethec lee cacsh cc spec credit, cccd if fee credit, menteion manncer and (icte of pymentt. 4ch. Tos theet cwas the sahe mcadeccad hy cc hee asc the agentcofltheboard ? 5th. Haetehteecscofscciehseenstrictlyscompliedtwith :if not, etcinthe datcedyplaeandcmodeof asctual pycment. 6th. To chestwa thce mon ey paid as the egent of the Trustes? 7th. Whet dispositionteccs teede ccl this moncey-tees it atc ocesnesced pesmectly, cc tees is plced cc cteporary deposit ? If so,eathatssecliteeet ? 8th. Whet yesmaeeete inesetcs hae heeed, date of puechase ccl heeds cc othessesurities, descciytion ccl icoeds, fromttwhomtpuechasedccndcatewhetpce? 8ch. Biyewhomesuchinestmeetseemacdeccsthe'egeeceof she Trustees, aedhbywhctccuthority ? ith. Ancicemized acccuneo alecessarey espenses iccreeh inc these tractionccse. Vecy resyectflily, C. A. CecesctLs, Cemtro/eller. COMP'TOLEeRs 0FFE, TALLAHASEEce, FLe., Nec. Icc, 1f73. Te the Trcseec efl/he .Flerhhe Ags'teelscse/ Cellegs. GEesTLEsee-le Mey tees, I eddesesed yoee comuicto wshichtwas deigedtoeplaebefore youtheproprietyof iest- CARPTBAGRULEIN' LORIA. e59 1 thee addresssh to tbheerscees ofl the Xgiciccterl Coees tteecommunceications, as fllowes'. TALHAS]' tL., Noebere io, 1873. Te /he Yicec ef Mhe .Flecriha Agcidhfr~ecc Cellege.: fleseT scEc-Seccice 1 7 ccl she act encitled icc ect to estah- ish the Flccrida Agciesceira Cllege, apprye d Fehcuary cS, 1/70, says thc '''Trutees shalt repcc toc the Comptroelser at tc ally occ the lerst hday ccl Occoee" theis a(c ties is celeecce to cte saeeof landcorclandtcsceiy,,.cctdcieisyosciioneofthe cccseelsof said sale, ic eschcce cc'.as heecay diect. 'This ceemto cee it the dutcy ccf the tCompytcoller to indicate to cte Trt'c ees the forme in wcichi this cepet shalt lie maede. I therefcce reipiest thc ceyport cc he mcede icc tichecm o ull etch esplicit an~swers to tics folle,,n c eg to cc Wa lt'csdeilandcocland scriy sold? 2d. Atscwhettimce ws esaeslecmade ? 3d. Upoe tehas testes, tehecher lee tch incp cycc sedic, aed if/fcedi,entcioenceanner n edatcceofcpayent. 4th. 'Io wehomc was the tele cede, aed hy chess as the agent ofl the beech 5th. Haeechecetemslofsae beenestcictlycompyhedcwith :if enoteementontedtcedyidplaceeadcmodeo ctualccaymyet. 6th. 'Fc whmc tees she monceyypaid asc the egent ofl the Trustees ? 7th. W~hat disposition tees maede ccl this moneey-weas it at ocesenveted yesmaneetly, cc tees is plced on tecmporary depositc? If so, atwhaterateofincterestc? 8th. Wthat pestaenet invseesencs hese heen ecede, date of pueshase oflhonds orc othee secucities, desccriytion ofl heeds, fromecwhom pueehshcedandeatewhat prise? gch. By whoc. sect inestetcs weeemade ec cheaget ccf the Trestees, and by swhac authority ? ith. Aneiemizcedcseacctocleleeeesaryexpeeses ineccred in these teansateicons. Vecy resecthully, C. A. CeWCsstLc, Ceomp/eoller. TALLAeHASSEEc, Fee., Nec. te, sf73.j Te the Treustees ef/he loridac Agshee/sscce Ce/lege. OrENTesecc-le May lest, Ieaddressed youeeacommuicaione whlich wastdesigned to place beforeeyouthe proprietyof ies-  26o CARPETBAG RULE rN FLORIDA. ing the fund, derived from the sale of the lands given by Con- gress to the College, in the new six per cent. gold bonds of the State of Florida. Believing then as I do now, that it would be to the advan- tage of the College if the Trustees would invest this money so as to benefit the State by placing funds in the Treasury, thereby assisting materially in restoring the State to a cash basis, I urged them to do so, saying that I considerid the endorsement of the State's credit by this action of the Trustees almost essential to such restoration. No formal reply was given to tjis communication, but Lieutenant-Governor Stearns was distinctly told by some of the Trustees that they had directed the investment to be made in Florida bonds, and that it was clearly understood that these bonds should be the bonds of 1873, so that the purchase money would come into the Treasury. This assurance Lieutenant-Governor Stearns telegraphed to me, according to an arrangement made between us previous to my departure for New York, where I was then engaged in redeeming the hypothecated bonds of 1868-9, and the information thus conveyed to me was used by me offi- cially while endeavoring to place the bonds upon the Stock Exchange of New York. A day or two after I had received the telegram from Lieu- tenant-Governor Stearns, General Varnum, as the Tresurer and Agent of the Board, appeared in New York and informed me that the action of the Trustees in reference to this investment was a secrect; that the whole matter was left in his hands to be acted upon at his discretion, and that Lieutenant-Governor Stearns could have had no authority for giving me the informa- tion. That he was not prepared to say what he would do-that he desired to do the best thing for the College, and he wished to prevent speculators from taking advantage of the opportunity to sell their bonds. After my return to Florida, which occurred on the 6th of July, General Varnum, in other conversations, by saying " that all would be right," that he "had authority to invest, but could not say when he would do so, but that all would be right," and by using similar expressions to myself and other Cabinet Officers, induced us to rest perfectly confident in the belief that the invest- ment was to be made in the bonds of 1873, and that the money would go into the State Treasury. We could place no other con- struction upon the expression " that all would be right," as we were thinking and talking in this connection of nothing but the means of appreciating the State's financial condition. I never was more greatly surprised and grieved than when I learned by a letter from Mr. Bayne, of New York (a copy of 26o CARPETBAG RULE rN FLoRIDA. ing the fund, derived from the sale of thelands given by Con- gress to the College, in the new six per cent. gold bonds of the State of Florida. Believing then as I do now, that it would be to the advan- tage of the College if the Trustees would invest this money so as to benefit the State by placing funds in the Treasury, thereby assisting materially in restoring the State to a cash basis, I urged them to do so, saying that I considerid the endorsement of the State's credit by this action of the Trustees almost essential to such restoration. No formal reply was given to tis communication, but Lieutenant-Governor Stearns was distinctly told by some of the Trustees that they had directed the investment to be made in Florida bonds, and that it was clearly understood that these bonds should be the bonds of 1873, so that the purchase money would come into the Treasury. This assurance Lieutenant-Governor Stearns telegraphed to me, according to an arrangement made between us previous to my departure for New York, where I was then engaged in redeeming the hypothecated bonds of 1868-9, and the information thus conveyed to me was used by me offi- cially while endeavoring to place the bonds upon the Stock Exchange of New York. A day or two after I had received the telegram from Lieu- tenant-Governor Stearns, General Varnum, as the Tresurer and Agent of the Board, appeared in New York and informed me that the action of the Trustees in reference to this investment was a secrect; that the whole matter was left in his hands to be acted upon at his discretion, and that Lieutenant-Governor Stearns could have had no authority for giving me the informa- tion. That he was not prepared to say what he would do-that he desired to do the best thing for the College, and he wished to prevent speculators from taking advantage of the opportunity to sell their bonds. After my return to Florida, which occurred on the 6th of July, General Varnum, in other conversations, by saying " that all would be right," that he "had authority to invest, but could not say when he would do so, but that all would be right," and by using similar expressions to myselfand other Cabinet Officers, induced us to rest perfectly confident in the belief that the invest- ment was to be made in the bonds of 1873, and that the money would go into the State Treasury. We could place no other con- struction upon the expression " that all would be right," as we were thinking and talking in this connection of nothing but the means of appreciating the State's financial condition. I never was more greatly surprised and grieved than when I learned by a letter from Mr. Bayne, of New York (a copy of 26o cARPETBAG RULE rN FLORIDA. ing the fund, derived from the sale of the lands given by Con- gress to the College, in the new six per cent. gold bonds of the State of Florida. Believing then as I do now, that it would be to the advan- tage of the College if the Trustees would invest this money so as to benefit the State by placing funds in the Treasury, thereby assisting materially in restoring the State to a cash basis, I urged them to do so, saying that I considerid the endorsement of the State's credit by this action of the Trustees almost essential to such restoration. No formal reply was given to tis communication, but Lieutenant-Governor Stearns was distinctly told by some of the Trustees that they had directed the investment to be made in Florida bonds, and that it was clearly understood that these bonds should be the bonds of 1873, so that the purchase money would come into the Treasury. This assurance Lieutenant-Governor Stearns telegraphed to me, according to an arrangement made between us previous to my departure for New York, where I was then engaged in redeeming the hypothecated bonds of 1868-9, and the information thus conveyed to me was used by me ofi- cially while endeavoring to place the bonds Upon the Stock Exchange of New York. A day or two after I had received the telegram from Lieu- tenant-Governor Stearns, General Varnum, as the Tresurer and Agent of the Board, appeared in New York and informed me that the action of the Trustees in reference to this investment was a secrect; that the whole matter was left in his hands to be acted upon at his discretion, and that Lieutenant-Governor Stearns could have had no authority for giving me the informa- tion. That he was not prepared to say what he would do-that he desired to do the best thing for the College, and he wished to prevent speculators from taking advantage of the opportunity to sell their bonds. After my return to Florida, which occurred on the 6th of July, General Varnum, in other conversations, by saying " that all would be right," that he "had authority to invest, but could not say wehe e would do so, but that all would be right," and by using similar expressions to myselfand other Cabinet Officers, induced us to rest perfectly confident in the belief that the invest- ment was to be made in the bonds of 1873, and that the money would go into the State Treasury. We could place no other con- struction upon the expression " that all would be right," as we were thinking and talking in this connection of nothing but the means -of appreciating the State's financial condition. I never was more greatly surprised and grieved than when I learned by a letter from Mr. Bayne, of New York (a copy of  CAnteEnToA RULENnFaLOIA. ate which it hereenith enclosed), that the nmoney had been invested by General Vaetnt in the purchase of bonds held andotwned by hint (Me. Bayne) at his on-n peivate peopeety, and to-day I amninfoenmed that whdle General Vaeoaeonwatin Nen-Yoek in Jone, he then purchated Sohbonds for $40,000 hroot Bayne & Ca., and canteaced to puechase So more w-henothere taiodeeof the Ageioultural College hoeip mtoneytshould he paid by Me. Lenit, n-bile at thit timte in Non- Yorb, and afteen-aeds in Talla- htattoe,he inoatmedmeothat "he did notbno-n-hat he should dobot mtoeteep alt steoeetountil hitntindnwatnmadeoup," et. I can pereotly undetstand w-hy the Trustees mtight feel it lo be thoit daty to say to the Comttollee in anser to hit lettee, 1nwe wouold like to puechaoe the honds front the State to at to henefit the State Treatuey, butnweomutpoochase fromthoen-ho nilseltheocheapett, thereforeoten-ilboyin the opentmarket aftee advettiting foe peopotalbut o anootonderstandn-hy, after an appatontly todied roticence on the pact of youe ascot, ecey depaetorefeon- twhioh only ntisledn-e and othereState offces, othether to intended at not, the mtoney shoutd hoot bean mnvttled io hondsowanned by a peivate indicidual-na one heat- ing of the teansaction antil its consummoation, and no othee pat- tiet hating a chance to m-abe a lon-er offer. t thinkhInmayn-ith propiey, and thereforedoath: Wat not the State of Flotida desecving of tonte coosideration in this teansaction ? She hat acted liberally hy procidiog that allnees taty etpenset of obtaining ted incesting this oney shall be paid hroot the State Treatoty (Soc. tt of Chap. 1766), ond I thinh the n-at entitled to a prontt, coutteout and candid teply to the comunication n-ado by the Conipteoller. I hate the honot to atkoif the mtoneyhat been that incetted, and if there rmisno chance foe the State to receice any honefit front the Agricultal Fond. Veryprespectfully, C. A. COn-otLL, Cantpfntle. On the t ath of Novembee, the Teuttees achnon-ledged the reception of thete lettert, promtising a speedy anon-er, and requeted thattn-would fornishthemotith acopy ofthe contact made with Bayne &Co., n-hWhich requestlI promtly com- plied. which it heren-ith encloted), that the money had hoot inestted hy Geneal Vanont in the purchase ofhbonds held andoned by hint (Mt. Bayne) at hit on-n pricate peoperty, and to-day I am informed that n-hilt General Vaemnnwnasin Nen-Yorh in June, he then purchased So bonds foe $40,000 hroot Bayne & Co., and contacted to purchase So mtoreowhenthere maitdoe of the Agricultal College Scrip ntcneyeshould he paidhby Mt. Len-ia, twhilt at thit timte in Non- Yoth, and afttrwards in Talla- han-to, he inforen-d mtethat "bhedid notbkn-w n-hat ho should do, butnmustbkeep all atsecreetutil hitomind n-at madeoup," etc. Ican pefectly undertand n-by the Teuttees mtight feel it to be theit duty to toy to the Comptoller in atn-tor to hit lettee, 11owe would libe to purchate the bonds front the State to at to bonefit the State Treatuty, bat wet muset poechateofromt thostowho will sellethe cheapest,thereforen-en-lbuy in the open-marhet aftercadv-etiigfoproposals, butlIcanntudertand-hy, after an appatently stadied teticence on the poet of yout agent, ecoty departutefromt which only mtisledome and othereState oicert, whbether to intended at not, the mtonty shoald hoot boon invetted in bonds on-ned hy a privote indicidual-no one heat- ing ofbhe tansactinnti tsconsn-nation, and noaotherepa- tiet having a chanco tomakeaalon-eroffe. t thinkbtomayn-ith proprety, andtheefoedo ask: Wat not theStateoof Plotida dotsetingofasometconsideration inethis teantactico? She hat acted lihetally by providing that all ncx eary expenest of obtaining and inveoting this mtoneyashallthe paid front the Stote Treataty (Sec. t t of Chap. t1766), andI think the n-at entitled to a peon-pt, couteout and candid reply to the comn-unication n-ado by the Conipteollet. I hate the hoor to asb if the oney hat been that mnvttled, and if thete remtaintno chaneforetheSate to receiveoany benefit front the Agricuturtal Pond. Verespetfully, C. A. COn-otaL, Ceetfcalee. On ete tath of Nocembe, the Teattees achnon-ledged the receptin of thee letters, peooiingaospeedy anon-to, and requested thattn-wouldfurnish themothahcopynof tecontact made with Bayne &Co., otitbothich request t peomptly com- plied. which it hetew-ith encloted), that the mtoney had been mnvttled by General Vannn in the purchate of bondt held andonnd by hint (Mt. Bayne) at hit on-n prieate property, and tn-dayI am ntiormed that n-bite General Vaeoootn-asin Non- York in June, be then purchasedSo bondt fee $4o,o00 front Baynet& Co., and controcted to purchae orewen-thbere otoinder of the Agricubltal College Sceip mtoneyashoald be paidhby Mt. Len-it, n-hilt at ebbs tin-tin Non- York, and afteen-aeds in Talla- hoaee,bheinformednmeethat "heodid ntbkown-what he shoold do, buetutbkeepall atsecretoutil hit mtindn-asomadetup," etc. Ican perfectlyounderstand n-by the Trusees m-ight feel i to be their dn-y to tap to the Com-ptrollee in anon-to to bit lettee, "n n-would like to purchate the bondt front the State to at to benefi heState-Teasuty, boutwenmusttpurcbhefonthosenwho w-i sell the cheapeot, theefotee-tn-S bay in the open markbet after advtertiting foe peopoasbut Icannoteonderstandn-by, after an appatently studied reticonce on the part of youe agent, ecety departurethan-mn-hich only mtisledote and othereStote oiceet, whether to intended at not, the oneoy sboold hace boon invested in bondtan-ned by a peicate individual-no one heat- ing oftheotanactionntil itconsumaion, and no otbeepa- tiesahavinga chanceotonmakeoalowercoffe. ISthinkbtnmaynwith propriety, and therefoedoak: Wat not the State of Florida detsecving of tomte consideration in thit trantactiono? She bat acted libetally by prociding that all ncs sary expenes of obtaining and inveoting this mtoneytsholl he paid front the State Trtatuty (Sec. -c of Chap. t766), and I think the n-at entitled to a penn-pt, coutecout and candid teply to the commutnication n-ado by the Conipteollee. I hate the hooe to tabk if the mtoneyhat boon thut invested, and if there en-al tea caateforetheStte to eeceie any honefit front the Agricultural Pond. Veey eopectfully, C. A. COn-otL, Catepfcollec On the eath of Nocembhe, the Trusteet acknon-ledged the reception of thete leeters, promtiting a speedy answee, and requested that I-would furnish then- with a copy of the coon-ract made witb Bayne & Co., withohich reqetttpromptlypcom- plied.  The fottotwing ltere feomo the Presideot of the Booed of Teostees oao sect to tire on Deceomber toth. OrFtCE: furrttcoesreENe Or PeBoIr ISToRUCTOsN, tottotteS Err, Fee., Dteeceer to, 1873. C. A. Coe(;ris, Fee(., Copecoffer Sftc-oor commtotoicotione to the Truotet of ttce Agricot- rurot College beorintg dote Novembher Toth, were reeiv-ed, cod I hoe heenoditooted hy te Btoard of Trostees to plaoeioyor haodsethe entireoaction of the Btoard inoeltion to the sobject of yourctommncatoiosshihyooowitlfind intseoooottltepoteof Trustestto His Exeency,G0. B. Hort,acopy ofeewhichlIwitt foenish yoo ot to early doy. Vo ot sre tefuof y, JOCNATHJAN C. GIttBS, PresidrettoardofTrustees. O the 1th is ttDeemboer, o proof of ts rettort to tite tGioeecoeooastfuoishedote. Inoit Iloski vifoeen an tetbeeottoeoy scond lectet of Novceoher toth, in which I stote hoo-the proposalsomade b-ycmeto Geealotoootoprchhoe boods hroot the Stotc wereeceeived, ond also osk o'hy the porchaseroascot mcade accoeding to too request, olthougha reps' efthe cootract wth Bayoe & Co. furnishtedf Metet by e to reesposeetoeheiecwsheseis peloted as paet of Geeraot Vanuoet reeotih otheromattereequottyieeaoot. I oam suetpeised to fled oo asseecion Sect the Truseese iotended to purchose froto the State, ot I hod oltwcyt sopposed such tohove heen theireintentio,castheireorderetoinesteeinthe 1873 hondt toct given to response to toy lcet of Moy e7th, steengtheedby thepetrootaosottiocf yorelfoand others, ond quiteecenttytostf theTusees hose informed me that they hod so intenedd and supposed the honds hod been pur- rhosed froto the fleece. Generat hoecect, os ogent of te Truteesc, weet to Newe Yock, cod cwhite thre refused roofideotiot cotomunicction writh toe ond wehen the Stote daofy cekeQ hiet, throgh te Cotop- terttler hoh y your permissionhetd eclusceitcarge of the bonds, to hoty her hoods, gae no diere replty, ond cetoinly gore not the stighest iticmotion thot he cwct thec hoying cc hod houghe hfom Boyce & Co. as the cuptosed ogents of the State. Jo his r eport to t he Trustees of the Ccttege, General Voecoer toys " thot Messrt. Boyce & Cc. hysconctswith the Cootrotter hod hen cuothorized to maoke eclstie tote of the new honds untiltoere feest," cod fuether thot "IBoyce & Co. haoving is theircposession all of the new honds ohich hod heeo oft CRPrEBsG RULE INFLRIA The fottowineg tetter frcom the President of the Booed of Trsee wa sect to tie cc Deecemher ioch. TA'otIISEcE, FLA~., lDreceer c, 1f73. C. A. Cooeoeu,, so., Comtoller: ftc-Yooerommuneicaons to the Trttstect of the Ageicut- cocci Cottege heoriog dote Novreee eth, weree ceised, cod I hovehbeendircted by the ttoard of Trustees toytoace incyour thonds the entiection tef the Booed ice reltion to the suhject of yourctommncateionsowhich yoeeeilltfidinteannualteepeeof Trosteeto HsExcelenecy,0.B. Hartahopty ofothiehttowit fournish yoect eaoery(ly. ouos ree t ttly, JOtNATHAN C. GIBBS, PresidetBoerdof Toee. O tee epeh of D~ecemer, o peoof of this reteort to cte Go\eroor c-es fornished se, to it I took he sohn foe evenc an olteototcyecondlter eof Ncoebrtoeh, inehich I Moate hoe te peropotal maode Itymeto Geeralottooeeoeeepurchase boos from the fleece were received, cod atso aek tohy the purchose waos see maode acrdiog to toe reqoest, althougha coy of the cntract wthh Boyce & Co.Joeeeeededftothemt by moe to reponseetohhierwishesti printedoas part of Geerattocecoe'e ceoot thteher maoter eqeuatty irreevtes. Ioto surprised to fend cc aseretion Sect the Truseese intended to purchase feoto the Stote, cs I hod atlrays supposed toe-h cohere heen theircintention, astheodeetoinv-estinthe 1873 honds wasc given to response to toy lter of Mop teh, steogheedhbyetheprsolslicttifonof yourelef cod others, cod quite recrentytoost ofthe Trusteeshaeinformedoethat they hod so intended cod supposed the hoods hod heen pur- rhosed ferom the ftate. Genralt toceec, ostogent of the Trutees, weet to Neto oth, ond erhite thre reued confidenta cototoniecation with meeanderhenthe tate dilycekeohiot, throghftheComcp- trotter, who, hy foot prmoission, hetd exctusive charge of the bondseoy herehondsgaeeo dietepy,adsetainly gore cot the stightesrt intimaotion thee he toot thee boying cc hod hoteght froto Boyce to Co. as the suoposed ogents of eke ftate. Jo hit repyort to eke Trseest of the Cottefe, General tocecet saysc"ehat Messrs. Bayne &Co.hyonrcteeeith te Comtoer hod been authorized to maoke echeive tote of the oeeebondutiltberhefirst,"cand furtheretht'' Bayne &Co. havoing to their poseseion all of See new hoods wrhich hod heen The fottlowing tetter frcom the President of the Booed of Trostoe coo sent to tore cc Deeecehber eTote. GFFrtE fUE'RcNT'EsEtr tee PUBCete INSTR-CTION,} oTALtoce~ete Fto. D ireeer to, eat3. C. A. Coo~,, etO Ceoptetfer: fee-Yeu ottoteooctiocs to the Truseese of the Agricul- cocci Cotllege heaoing doe Noee cock, iiere cre'eised, cod I tote teen directedt ttt the Btoord ofTrstees to torce incyour hands eke entiec-tion of the Booed to relton to eke suhject of youeommuniec tions, whiechyooewilfindineteoottteortef 'Trusteeseto Hifs ete-ce G. B3.Hort,earcoyeofcwtichlItwit furnosh yocatoai ery day. Vou eetfotty, JOATHtAN C. GIBS, prc esient B ord of Truttees Onte ts7lto Dete-eher eproofof thiseportectthe Govte-etoc ce-s furcniehedcee. IJothlok inevinforeenan allusion to toy tseod leteer of Noebere ith, to ch I state hoe-fete proposals maode bycreo Geerotloeere o purhase hoods hroo tSe feae w ere creeived, cod also osk wrhy the puchase waos not msade occording c tomy reqert, althougha rope-of eke ecorct erth Boyce & Ceo. fercided te thet by mec to esponseetotheirewsheseis peintedoas paof Generalttoceoos reporwih othercmatter equtattyireeat. otom surprised to fend cc aserteion thae fee Trustees intended to purchose frotheState,caslIhdalrys spposed scr to here been theirinenotion, asethceodertoinvest inthe t873 hoods toot gisen to response to toy leter of Mop tch, stencgthened fly the peesonat solictatio of Yourself cod othees, cod quite recetytoost of theTrueeschave iofocned e that they hod so intended cod supposed the hoods hod heen pee- rhoased frcom eke Statec. Generat tocecce, asoagent of the Trusees, ent to Newt oth, and whiletheeefuhsed confidrntiat Commnctieonewih oerandewhenthedtate dailycskc hicthrough theComcp- trotter, c-ho, ky ysour permsission, hetd exrtusive charge of the hbods,tobuy herod,gaeodretepy,ad certainty gore cot the stightest intiteon thee he toot thee buying cc hod hought froto Boyce to Co. as the suposed ogente of the fleece. Jo hise report to t he Teustees of she Cottege, General toorcoc toysI thee Messes. Boyce to Cc. hyecontrctwith the Comtoer hod heren cohoetoed to toakeextcluiesetofethe new honds untit fOctober feest," cod further Sta Boyce & Co. hovng to their posession ofl of Sheew bc onds which hod hbe  CARPI-111AG RULE TN I LORIDA. 26l3 CARPETRAG RULE IN I L111,111A. 263f isudor red foe sle uder the cotrac tihthe Comptroller oftetate, ete. Beech eftie e asetiens I deeny etee ipositeit. 'The third oteagemn ude he , v you Excelieny adeey. sefewth Bta'te & Ce.gi es tlil te ceetrol of thebod. Its oc, foc i mr l iaintetinteg oil Bayet 'ec Co. te aid and ssit i, i stlnoheSt eceehes, ecd he. reeece l'M. lttetee oftOter eb7 it , ill be ceen thatee ei no liin il is prt tat ie m., cn, feer the Stae; onthe contarylieas~ets hat crev Wa in eeil pat of the .i -ni~mI~ez eenGtriial arri teead tieir fleet, eta h lrl-. ~~~~~~~ Ine ce' n iaigitIodino the aele thee the teitte s tttftttit ]t, littee inieteofelhtehieenedoee? etln MBte dtteid nte a e itt tis iceecie all te tht ere ae. lie had cee. the - bnds" ldhto 'ti. I(ettetl-illu tetete ieedecehteeee i3feteegreemet refrre ho Aoe ieteceded tiheendeie woeldheeeen fati ile ehi teed teeth teed oi theette te muset he pa iieieiecallh-ceefoeeliere, teed e pitete ee the , leroteeiondscdekeet ec t ic June by Bayee& Co., Toofte tw hundredetaed filt itetbonde eeld to Baynee N: Ce. A iclriesceted it lGeeietenea ceu et tpart ef his repoettandalleiedh beeti "titecicerofBye& bCo. esStete Thieciculreeset datedeietpeppoeley),etndcoetinse no aseriontha itw eciseed i)eev'ayee&eeio.eesfStete Agects. Steptemetooeethretee c t eetetereerhae eetBaye& Co hciilbodsehyetee Teestees. Mrieeohceteeayeee hee report te the Teesteces detaiing the -leeoftieedeeet Srp"oeehalftefeilecmoey,cthetfirstpay- letcemoeeneing teee0,eeeeeeeptthcbtce aeddepecitedeeothe etfice ef the Tresteee." This htieg the cete, cte reasee et the difficeity te coliectineg tis eceet ie Jet jhe soe itby Geerel 'eceecee ist appentt acd it apepeers straege thae Genterel ceeeetn did eot colleteitheeinel when itClevelandtetrtht Mr. Piechece hic teid tetherec Ces nneceeity thee (GeneealiVeeeeeesheeid haee oe toNeeem oteceiicth it a i hc etheeugheeur haekees in Talichessee eeeid haee ITlgtthe meeeey here. cee the heeds et t873. heleegingeeo teette, ceeid fe haeeen ehbteed. Ev ee ie Occtere, the iast insteilmeet ef $4e,eee etight fle issued o ea'dellseeiundertleceecrcteittheCepteoiee eft he Stae,"ec Betit ef etee tseteetee I eleec mteecceittit1 liche tied (ftearcnn ude he eceeou Eeceiencey aedemy. ,elftceh Blee&(eo.gi eeeeheeeeoceeroleieteheeods. Ice fo tte!i elrlobigteoetttee tel Petee &tC. cecaid and ssis Itin clingtee , lehe teed ad he refereence ter )a e, ettt retof Otier2e , Itee Willb nthtteei lie ssei tht ei~c) Wasan eseni e par c the al_ i ,ulcnt'ttee teeenGnia annad tir feceeteletethe tee net td ie itede kec~tece eedeofcueeenee i SNte Woeer ceforee heed eteey oeprcasn i inagen andinakng t eodete oftheccile thee the 'hee!! teeot feeti lee iceia etc eht bed leene dcee ? 1,onii lia Wer fo sae ee!ha eel. tite eceodc 'sold to (i,.I eneral Nteecetnhadieee at'(ele 3 of'thegeeet reerdeeee to nie pulleee eeetehebodslietwouedheeeen 'edfo n talac e befoeeleiteteit attebe etela cee he mlll elicit ebcenedes dei~t teen i eeeine byieayee et Cite beieng i o fleed12 tc C70 etet hae showe thae they er Acr rit pesented hy Gecerel 'heecec as pat ethic reotd calledhbe himc" theeeciulreo Bae &efCo.a cete Agen icfrcsletbods. Ce aesetionethate it eacessed he liceye & Co. as Stete Agents. ceptebeeteoeorthreeeemoeths afterethe purecaecefBcynee & ehce wnbodshy te'Trustee. M.Biethaec seeys in tis reet tc thle 'Tructeec detaieing the ,aieot thle Land Sip,t " one-half of cthe moeee the first pey- m eertamutnge4f,eeteapaicd downced deposchedeteche oretr of the Tecleeee" 'Ihec beincg the cese, the reesen of the diffcut incotlecting tis moeee ic Jue cpohen of by Geertee Van c s o epeaeteted ht eppeersestrange thee Geerel Vrundieoecoliectithhie'heneinttleeiedtforthet Mr.iBehect hec, toid tele there ecas no neceeflee thee 'enr eleeete, houlddhaee goneeee to Xeeerktcceiieci i, ac hisc(heck senttehroegheout haneret in e'eliahasee coleed hae tbrought the Ceoney here, whee the heehe of eli3, heioegingeeo teeteeeeoeld heve heen obteined. iveni Oteree, the last eintee Oft$40,000 eight hae issu~ed or ready for sale under tie ccetreet wihh the Comeptroller ef the Stee "ec Botitfltceaeretetit I ene eot oitit el' 'Thethied ca.gip oflee cgecemeetemade be tecer Ecellencyeedemy- ee/frc i obaio n dc tectep oee Pee cie &: Co. cc aid no cecceeiscar ttltiee asticei. boe tat o the ,teer liecassertsth ece'ec ecsa esenetil parete he J -Iucn 1)e~ce Gcnialaecee ced etheit fleet, thee the leiat~nma itt e maede kcewntoe'eeeandeofecoeeeee ri t te. ho evet heeoee heeth ef ecy oeprh~n tr ,,aen'te'cd maeeglt, cee teedheie of' tile sale dhat the ''etldeece ifeet hi, teii etcha he'bd iteen docne ? ta ee fleece/le ee ha t oi te boneld sld te ede..e o.1/,leti etecerhj i heeiic lidehwoldheee een cit fBa /c-'a he l aee hends fhoreeheSat heec l mustee teed for i c Vallaee. efer le. ce th ltbe'eetthe feleiete; ad T2 htete170. itiest hav ehw thecetey were pa cfcc i hcundredcnd fihe hondeesoidtohBye& C. Acicleripeenetedht) iGenerai\'.eeeeecas pet ofhs reeport decaiied himte circulareeioecBaye &-Co.easStete Agnt coisle ofihonds. ehsccelisecot datedheeflecpc purposely),and contains noceessertochte it caeised hev Ilct ce & tCo. as fleece Agectse Sepeere, teweeoicteeehfee thle perehese of Baeyee & Co.escivie hondshytheTruceee. Met Biecheetesayein tie repot cc the ''tettc detaiieg the -electf the Lcand Sletip oe-half of the metect the fleet pay- eeeenentcuntig tce4050, 7e sepide eew ad depoededeethe oedee eftheT'usee." 'Thisheiegetheecase, tieeasncccthe deiffiutyie cileeting cie moey in June spekee of hy Geeret herecec ie o ee pene.eend ieeappearesstage thee Gbenerel 'heetecee dieieotcoec itiselfetewhee ietieed forieet Me. Biechete he. teld dee titere weac Ce neety thee Glenerei\'ceeeecchould haegoetoNew or X'ctheec it,eas hiseeheckhseetthrougheour haehere in Tallehessee wouid haee bogtthe moncey hete, wete the hoeds ef etch, heloeping to the fltete, ccild heve heen ohefleed. Eee Cn Oter, the last ineteimet ef $4c,c00 etighe fle  264 CARPETBAGtULE to Fj_00000. beet gitvett to the Stote, for there wot cot tho slightesttnecettity to give Bayne & Co. the monoey and o large bonus ic eddition int order to taot it, asethoeoiotia poictcooldootffootholand scrip helooging to tho Colloge, wohith had tot pacood out of the cotrtolof the Trutees, foreMr. tiloohootteaytiohit reopotthat the "tscrip uopoid foo it dopositod io the ooaoe of theTrustesin the Merchats National Both of Cloetolad, o goveonett depotittory, ond to ho delivoered to Vr. Lottie ottlp upon die potyicg the porchae money foe the tsame. to other wotdt, too hold pottetssion of the propeety, thoeeyhbettetueity." The fott thee stoted fooce too to the conclusion thot the ageot of the Touttees never intended to puethese the hoodt from thehStote, ood if the Ttootoos desired todoeso, it itdiffieolt to uodeetoed why they potted o voto of thonht "foe the foithfut ood efficient taner intwhith hiehadeoerried outtheinttruotios of the Booed." I II dotnottconeiderethat the reoot of the Truetees of the Ageiteltotol College to the Goternor cooctoict fott ond totitfoc- toryoanserseetotmyttcomntieon." 264 CARPTBOOAG RULE IN FLORIDA. heet tien to the Stote, foe there twat tot the slightett necoeity to fite Boyne & Co. the toneoy ond a leege hocos it additioc it ted er to tove it, et the ficontiol petit toutd cot offect thefland scrip helonfiof to the Colefe, twhith hod cot potted tout of the cooteol of the Truttees, foe Me. Blothoot tept ic hit eeport thot the "tcrip unpoid foe it depotited it the tome of theoTrusteesetn the Merchants Notiooal Both of Cleveland, a foernetc depotitoey, ood to he deieed to Me'. Lewis ony upot dio paying the purcdaoe mtoney foe the tome, tnoether toreds, woe hold pottsesion of the propety, thetvery beet security." The focts thee stoted fooce mte to the conclusion thot the agent of the Treoetees 00000 ittended to puethate the hondo from thehStote, aod if the Trotteet desiedto dotso,iitisdifficulteto undertend why they potted a tote oftheehe " foe the faithful ond efficiet emonnee it wehith he hadtcaeeied outthe itructiocs of the Booed." 11 dotnotontiderethat the repoet of the Ttooteet of the Afeiceltural Collefe to the Goternoe cotaint foil ted satitfac- tory answersttotmyectomnton." 064 CARETBAG000RULtE NFtOtoA. heec gient to the State, foe there wot cot the stightett eessittty to give Bopne & Ce. the money and a lare hotet ic addition ic ted er to tote it, aeththeicil petic coutdnoteaffectthefland scerip helooging to the College, twhith hod tot petted ott of the cotrol of the Teutteet, foe Me. Bloohote sope it hit eepoet that the "t'seip topaid foe it depotited in the tome of the Teusteteic the Merchatst Notionol Both of Clevelond, a goerncme depteittey, ted to he de/ieered to M. Lotwie co6 upont die paying te ptt~heo ooey foe the tsame. to othee twoede, too hold posesson of the peoperty, the veey hoot seturity." The fatt thet etated forte toe to the cooclteiton thee the aget of the Ttutteet tneer ictened to puethete the hondt from theheeate, and if the Trusttees desiredto dotso,it itdifficulttto ucdeetend why they potted a vote of thnk "'ftor the faithful acd effitientttmancerinwhichthehdcariedtetthe itectioc of the Booed." I'I1 do ntttontiderethat the report of the Trutteet of the Ageitoltural College to the Goveertor contoint fell tod satisfeo- totoryonsersetomypommuniatieon."  CHAPTER XVI. Yhe Meeting of the Legislature of r873. An Extract from Got'. ,Hart's Mcessage. His Cabinet. 7the Election of United States Seaor, and Acts of ribery. The Exrposue of the Little- field Fraud by Attorney- General Corke. The State's tngr-ate- fatness to Ocr. Reed. Miscellanouas. Bath branches of the Legislature et Tuesday, Janaey 7, r873. In the Senate thre were trenty-three at the tweenty-four members present-ten Denmoceats and thirteen Republicans, one Repusblican earning is nest day, which made the Senate ten Democeats and fourteen Republicans. The Senate, after swear. ing in the newly elected Senators, adjouened until the aent day. The next morning the Senate elected itsnofficers, woaweeall Republicans, and notified the Hase at its organination. The great steaggle foe the tupemacy sf the eing teat nade in the Hoase, where they resoeted to ceery aetifice imaginable In secuee the Speabership. Cnloeed men were brought tram counsties where the eing bad geeat inflnence, for the parposenof exciting the masses of the freedmen around Tallahassee, and they wreculally advised tocommiteilence an any member of the Legislsaue wha wouald nat abide by the caucas nmne Natwitbstand;.ng the threatened violene, Seve Republican mm bees retased toaattendtheeaucu. These membersnere Bush, at Colambia, white; Lee, of Sumter, white; hath Southeen Republicans; Wallace and Peoctor, of Lean, enlared, and Thompson, at Columbia, colored. The ring men hegan to see danger aheadand ward teas sent to the freedmen in the sur- rounding countey that tbe Lean cnunty delegation had sald ant to the Democrats. The freedmen were at the State-housr next moening in laege numbers denoancng the delegatinn it they should dare vate against acnlored manforepeae, and ased nne nf the memhers at the delegatin, Mr. W. G. Stewart, cnlored, ta hetitate and voate far John R. Scntt. The Hnnse was called to ordee by W. H. Gleasn, en-Lientenanl-Govrenne, and naow a member team Dade. The Assembly consisted nf CHAPTER XVI. The Meeting of the Legislature of r873. An Rotre-atfron Geov. BHars's Message. His Cabinet. The Election of United States Senator, and Acto of ribery. The Exposur-e of the Little- field Fraud by Attorney-General Coche. The State's Uingr-ate- flnessoto Gov. Reed. Miscellaneous. Bath beanches of the-Legislatnee met Tuesday, Janarey 7, 1873. In thr Senate thre were twenty-thee of the tweenty-four members peesent-ten Democeats and thirteen Repablicans, one Republican naming in neat day, which made the enate ten Democeats and touaeen Republicans. The Seate, atftee swear- ing in the newly elected Senators, adjouened until the nest day. The neat morning the Senate elected its officers, whoaweeall Republicans, and notifed the House at its organization. The great steuggle for the supeemacy at the eingtwas made in the Hause, where they resorted tn every aetifice imaginable tn secare the Speahrrship. Coloeed men mate brought tram coanties where the eing had great inftnence, tor the purpose of exciting the masset at the freedmen aeound Tallahassee, and they wereractually advised tocommit violence an any member nf the Legislataee who wonld not abide by the caucus nmne Natwitbstandbig the threatened violence, Sive Repablican teem- bees refused tn attend the caucus. These members wereBush, at Columbia, white; Lee, at Sumeter, white; bath Southern Republicans; Wallae and Proctor, at Lean, enlared, and Thomptan, nf Colnmbia, colared. The ring men began tn see danger aheadand wored was sent to the freedmen in the sue- enandingecoantry that the Lean coanly delegation had snld ant to the Demecrats. The freedmen weee at the State-house neat morning in large numbers denoncing the delegation it they should dareevoteagainsta colored man for peaker, and cased one at the members at the delegatin, Me. W. G. Stewaet, colored, tohesitate and vtefor John R.Sctt. The House wscalled In oeder by W. H. Gleasnn, en-Lieatennnt-Gnsernnr, and nate a membee team Dade. The Assembly consistednof CHAPTER XVI. The Mfeeting of the Legislatue-e of 1873. An Rot-act foe Gov'. liars's Message. His Cabinet. The Election of United States Senator, and Acts of Bribe-y. The Exnpose-e of the Litl- field Ftraud by Attorney-General Coche. The State's Uinge-ate- fatness to Goe. Reed. Miscellaneons. Bath branches of the- Legislature met Tuesday, January 7, 1873. Sn the Senate thre were twenty-three at the twenty-fonr membecs present-ten Demarats and thirteen Republicans, ane Republican naming in neat day, which made she Senate ten Democrats and fourteen Republicans. The Senate, atftee awear. ing in thr newly eleced Senators, adjoured until the next day. The sent morning the Senate elected itsnofficers, whoeeeall Republicans, and notified the House nf its organization. The great straggle for the supremacp at the ring was made in the House, where they esrsated to evry artifice imaginable to secure the Speaheeship. Colored men were beought frnm counties whee the ring had great inflaece, forethe purposenof exciting the masses at the freedmen aroand Tallahassee, and thcy wereactuallp advised tocommit vialece an any member nf the Legislature who teoald nat abide by the caucn omiee Natsnishssand;.ng the threatened eiolence, fiee Repablican meem- bees refused toaattend the caucun. These members were Bush, at Columbia, white; Lee, at Sumter, white; bath Southern Republicans; Wallace and Proctor, at Lean, enlaced, and Thompson, at Colambia, enlaced. The ring men began to see danger aheadand ward teas sent to the freedmentin the sn- eondingecountry that the Lean county delegation had said ant tn the Democrats. The freedmen wre at the State-hoase neat morning in laege numbees denoninlg the delegation if they should dareevoteagainstta cloredmanfr Spae,and cased one nf the membees at the delegatinn, Mr. W. G. Stewart, cnloeed, tn hesitatc and vote for John R. Scntt. The Hnnse was called to neder by W. H. Glean, en-Lientenant-Geenne, and nate a member tram Dade. The Assembly consistednof  266 CARETIAGt RULE IN F'LORIDA tweenty-eight Republicans attd twenty-flee Demcets twith two Demnocattand oneRepblican abent. Thteringmetbers, notcreelingand ttteringforefear, nomntatted JohnR. Scottef Ducal, colored, foe the Speakeechip. The autther of this wcork, amidhies andtheatsf iolence, nolied S B. Conovtr as againsttScott. C01e Te~eied t" etty eeeht teetthe selid Demnocratic vote being cst for ceet and the fite Repueblican votes teho refused toattend the caet Scotterecetedttwenty votes, and Ceeo ee ateefore detia eeelelected. 'Ifietsce itn the Hettse, amltong tbe ttteneteec ef te, etcg td oett-ine membeen, wat alotnedesceibable. lee itecnielee of the zing wteretsearing attd deneouncing tie Leon delegiaeelewiletwith botced heads they cactied the enesoftle disastteretethteicief. Theat-ingieteeheend te Demeocats,lboth ice endeotside the Legitlatuete, weee jublilate, tatd tootd eattund itt little knots defying tlte mtingttided fteedieeet, ttho wateeced ntehing but the hinod of the Leon cout)-t delegation. lt fact, tite authoer of tis woerkwat meoatced bye teteb of tce freedoten, whot tad been tautght that they had beene neld out by hiec. aod but for his hoeing been armned and ready for this, Itit life wceeld heave been taken. The Assenmbly adjtttrnted until nexc day, and titen pet- feeted its otganiation by electieg a fell Repuhlitott set of nfficert. Tite rng being satitfied that tlte electiott of Cottee Speakerstteanttto turtn nemtber out of tlce Leginlatueeh had been legally elected, held a constatione to htave the Coms- mittee on Privileges and Elections elected by tite A,setobly in place of by appointtment of the Speaer, hat the expediency of thin proposition wat doubted by Osborn, at it would only eoat- peeate the anti-itgelementad pobbly casetemto tvote for a DenocrttfortheSeate terthanfore bit. eSa tlis propo- sition wcas abandoned, attd Osborn teepeced to etwait the appointoent nt tlte Cotmmittee on ttrivileget cod Electieo, and then capture it by otzoney Belaoro the ceomitee cwte apptoioted neceral petitions givittg notice of cocttests were preeted int facor of Republitant, looking to tunneat Dtecratic ctemtbetn. Conocertowco, knowcing that gceat presueeoueldbe brought to beat on tlte Repueblicant mnemtbers of tle comttceetotneat Detnocratn, antd that the unseating of Dettmoectic memet rsee a66 CAETBA RUcLE cUt FtORIDA. tweenty-eightt Repu~blicannsettd twetttfive Dettocrats, oith to Detnocrats ad one Republlican absent. The riog nmembees, now reelingeandtottering forfearnontatedJohntR. Scottof Ducal, colored, foettehe eaetlte lTheeauthoreofthtistwor, anmid hitestacdtheatsofciolence, orceneeced-. B Coner as againstScott. Conco etteceiedI teetty ecgt teenthe nolid Dentocratic vote being tact foe tnccc attd tice tftve Riepleican cotenewho refused to attecd tebe uu cttrc twenty votes,condConovertwasttteefore declarcl leeed. 'ile Scee in the House. cmong tite ouelutccle of tiec. etc ted accilic emnbecs, wacscaltotidecibable. The ctececlcer of tcecring wecenseacing attd deounecineg tlcelIee,,deleginwiewt boned heads they carrtied the cetofete disasttec to their ecief. The anti-ingttetternaatd teDerccece bathei ad cdutside the Legislatttre, weree jtubilattt, attd stoed arouned te fittle koots defying tlte nmisguided feecd,,ecet w ho wanteed ncothitg bet the blood of the Leoo coentttyedelegatieon let fact, tlecaucthor of thinnworkts etnaced bye atob of tite freedteect,,e Ice hd been taughtthat theyhad beennold oet bybehtt.eatdlt foris having beenoarmedeandeaedy forthis, is lifeould hcavebeene taken. TheAssetnhly adjournedeutlonexteday, cod eten pee. fected ins organization hy electing a fell Repoblcote set of officers. Thte ring being satisfied thet tle electioncofContover Speakernteattto turn no tmemtbee oat of tite Legilaetetwol bad keen legally elected, held aeconeulttion to leanve the Coon- mittee on Peivileges and Elections elected b 'y tice Acsetbly in place of by appointtaent of the Speaker, Iue thIe expediency of thin peoposition teen doubted by Osboert. at it woutld ontly coat- perate the antiig elemetadpobabely caue thcetmtocvote foe a Detmecratforethe Seoatetrater thant for leice. So tleis propo- sitiont wat abandoned, caed Osboen iceepoced to awcait the appointntent at tlte Comtoittee on Pticileget ancd Electiont, aod oh en captuee it by ntoney. Befoee the comtteitee ite appcoineted several petitions giving notice of cottse were prescected in favot of Republicans, looking to unneat Demcoctatic memctbers. Conovernwto, knowing thatgreatpressureewouldlebroughctto beat on the Reyublicatt tnetnbers of tlce comtnitee to utnteat Democrats, and that the unseating ef Doinccetic emtbert a66 CET BAGtce RUcE IN FLeOIA tnwenty-eightt Republicans aced tcceentY fcc Demcatst, with two Denmocrats ad ote Republlican afset. The ering moentbers, nonw reeling and totterting foe fear, nomnanted Jobhn R. Scott, of Duval, coloed, fotheSeeakertbe, Theoauthoreof tis work, anmid hisse ad thretscfiolncetno tioted .B.Conoereas againsttScott. Conoverceeeiedl t eetyecehttteeethe tolid Democratic ve being tast fee ccc,, aced lee tee Repubeflicane vntestwhoerefused toattend thetCaUcce Soeteeceietd tety votes, and Contoverm ateefore deelce ed elected. flee sceene in the House, cntong tce omemcbers of lee t ae n ed oeti-eieeg mnetnbern,twacnlotidesciale. lice mebers oft tereing wkere steariog aetd denounceing tleeoncdelegaeeeeecwhileecite bowned beads etey carried lee neon of lee disastee tc ticeir chief. The ati-ingebershncd teDeeeiocecee, bult ice and otside the Legislatee weee jublilatnt, teed stood aroeund itt little knots defying te ociegeided freedene, echo wateed ncothing bee the blood of tlce Leon coeunt)- delegation. tee face, tite auethor of thin swootk tcas tmenaced bye attob of tice fieedee, twho lead been taught that they had been told ocet by hiett and butl for hi, having beenetnted and eady foti,hilifeoeld lecetleen taken. The Assembly adjourned unetil net cy, and tlcen yet- fected its organization by electing a fell Republicant set of nificers. The ring being satitfied feet the electone of Conover Speakernmeat to teen no nemtber eat of tice L~egislateew had been legally elected, held acotnsulttione to have the Come- mittee nn Privileges and Elections elected by "lvce Aeeenibfy in place of by appointmtent of ltce Speaher, hat lice exyediency of this proposition weat dooubted by Osebcrn, cc it woueld only oes- perate the antstritg elemntnandyprbably cause thcemc to vote foe a Deonrat foe the Senate rather than feet eiett. So ti propo- sitinn teat abandoned, caed Osborn ceepeced to awcait the appoainttoent nf thce Commoittee on Ptriceleges eaed tElections, end then capture it btytmoney. Befote the comtetitee cite afppointed neveral petitins giving notice of cottntet were preened in favor of Republicans, looking to unseat Demecratic memebers. Cnnover, nwho, knotwing that geat pressure teould be berought to beet nn the Republica emttbers of tlic unte ousa Demncrats, and that the uenseating of Doeteececeic emtbers  CARITI~k RUL IN LORIA. 67 woold defeat himelef foe the Senate, and elect Oshorn,wa much peplexed as to whcom to rely upon ameong the Repub- licaos swho would oithtood Oshorn's mooney ood. note weith the Demoocratic oiority of the comooittee. He finally approached the author of this ork, and said to himo that he hod oode op hit mind to appoint himo chairmoan of theoCommoitteeonoPiileges and Elections,and that he hoped ho ould not vote tooenseat any meooher of the Legislature who hod heeo hooeotly eoted. Tfhe aothoo gave hiom to onderstaod that neither monooy noe promoises ould causo hiom to swerve from the path of duty. tPoo Conovegave along sihaddepaetd On tho ioth ofJauaroy theAssembly ooet at its usuoat hooe, aod the standing cooooittees were oooouoced hy tho speaher. The Coomoittoo onc Prisileges ood Elections was Wallace, of Leon, chaioroan; Montgoomery, of Modison; M(Kinon, of Washhng- too Hanoah ood Elijoh-thee Repubhicans ood too Deemo- cts. heDemoocratsoweroswll pleased with theuappointment of tho commoittees, they haoinf the chairmoanship of tho judiciary Coooittoo-H. L. Mitchell, of Hillshoeough. The rieg now' socethot there oas wokhaheadltohbedooe, and theymwentaoust it with a will. Nothing of ineoest was done foreseeral days, the Legislatare awaiting the moessage feom the Gocernoe. The moessago ot Govenor Hort as reoceiood oight dayt after the scooting of tho Legistatae, and evooy one loohed foe a very ahio poper, moreo especially on accoont of sach delay. The essage, whoo receioed, to the utter astonishmeot of thote weho helieved Hart to he an ahio manc, was the poorest and most ejick State papee that had ever heeo doliveeed to the Legitla- turehbyany Goernor of Florida. The mostlimpoetanttsuhject in the message waos his trefeeooe to the sceip that a former Legislatue hod ordered to ho destroyed, toomo of wehich foond its wayhbackhintoctheStte teasury and wasafain paid. He said: "tIamoinformed thatehere is anunoeretainaouontof old State srip oat that has hesn paid, hoc is heing hrought is and paid again. Why it seas not canoelled, swhen paid, howe it got ooflthe treasury again, and Icow mach thoris of it ot- wether $i0,000, or $300,000, 00 $400,000-is uncertain. It is hooe tlat somce old scrip that seas in the offiee has heen CARPEIBAC RULE IN FLORIDA. 267 wnould defeat himself foe the Senate, and elect Oshoen, seas mouch perplexed as to wehom to rely upon among she Repah. ticansnwhoseouldseithstand sor's money and.nvote with the Denmucratic minority of the committee. He fenalty approached the author of thcissworhoad cold to him that he had made op his mindtoaappint Icim chairman of the CommitteonPriileges and Elections, andtcot ho hoped ho seould not voteto unseat any mecmber of ctce Legislature seho had heen hoestly elected. The authoe gave hicc to understand chat nceicter money noe praocises would cotuse tim co swerve from cthe path of duly. P~oor Conover face a long sigh and departed On the soth of 'olaeayctheAsembhly ,et aitsausual hour, and the standing comteces tore anounaced hy che speahee. The tCommoitteona Privileges and Elections cwas W~allace, of 1.000, chairmcan; Montcgomecry, of Madison; MoKino, of Washing. tact; Hannaho acd Elijahl-three Repahicans and too Demo- crats. The Democrtcsmeewel pleased with the appointment of the comemittees, choy having the chairmansohip of the judiciaey Cootcittee-H. L.. Mitchell, of Hillshorougho. The ring nose sawmthat theerwsm oraehad tohbedoe, and they went ahout itocith a mill. Nothing of interest seas door foe sevrat days, the Legislatue awaiting the meosage from the Govrnor. The message of Gioceror Harsto ons receiced eight days after the meeting of the Legislature, and every one lood foa very ohle paper, mare especially onaoccount of sach delay. The message, wenreceived, to the alter astonishment of those seho helieved Hoot to hr an ohio man, seas the pooeest and most sickily State papr that had evee hesn delicered to the Legisla- tote hiyaoy Goveror of Floeida. Thermostrimportant suhject in the message seas his reference to the scrip that a foemee Legislature had orered to he destroyed, soome of wehich found its way bach ino the State treasuey and seas again paid. He said: ''toot infomed that thereois anouncertainoamount of old State scrip out that hashbeeopaid,hbutishbeinghbroughtlinand paid again. Why it seas not concelled, wheo paid, hose is got ouoftheteeasuyagai,and case mach there is of it ot- wehether $io,ooo, at $300,000, ar $4oo,ooo-is uncertain. It ishkonothatsome old scripthat was intheofice haseen CARPTBAGRUL IN LORIA. 67 maold defeat himself far the Senate, and elect Oshorn, seas much perplexed as to wehom so rely upon among the Repuh. mican w oould withstand Osorn's money and. vare seith the Deocratic minority of the committee. Hr finally approached the author of thcismworkhood said to him that he had made op his mind to appoint tim chairman of the CommitteeaonPriileges and Elections, and tat he hoped he maold ot voteto aunseat any memoher of the Legislatue seho had hero haonestly elected. 'The author gace tim to uoderstand oh at oithoer money nor Promaises mould coause him to swerce from cthe path of dory. P'oorfConover gaveaa log ighad dpated DOthesioth oflanay the Asemly coot a0 its usual hoar, and the stanoding committees stee anonced hy the speaher. The faCommittee on Pricileges and Elections teas Walla~ce, of Leon, chairan; Monotgomery, of Madison; MttKinoa, of Iashing. too ; Hannaho and Elijah-three Repuhlicans and two Demo. c tsThe Democratsmwerewell pleased woith the appointment of the committees, they hosing the chairmaocship of the judiciary Comcittee-H. L. Mitchell, of Hilishoeougho. The ring nose sase thatcthere seas woarh ahead tohbedon, and they seent ahout itocith a ewill. Nothing of interest seas doner foe several days, the Legislatare awaiting the mcessage from the Governor. The message at Goseror Hart mat receiced eight days after the meeting of the Legislatue, and every one loahed flor a very ohlo paper, mare especially on account of suoch delay. The message, wehenreceised, to the otter astonishmeat of those weho helieved Hart to he an ahle man, seas the poorest and most sickly State paper that hod ever hers delicred to the Legisla. tote hyany Goveroor of Florida. Thecmostrimpoetant suhject ite message coos hi s reforener to the scrip that a former Lefislature hod ordeed to he destroyed, torte of sehich found its wayhbackhioathehtate treasury andcwasaginopaid. He said: " Itam infored that thereris anatncertaincamount of old State scip outcthat hashbeenopaid,hbutishbeinghbrought innd paid agaio. Why it seas not cancelled, wehen paid, hose it got outcof thereasuyginc,and lom much thre is of it ot- weher $so,ooa, 00 $300,000, 00 $400,0ao--is unerti. t ishkownothat some old scrip thatwas inheoffice hseen  268 CARPETBAG RULE IN FLORIDA. destroyed by burning, but I am not informed how much." The ring, though defeated in the election of speaker of the Assembly, lost no time in arranging Hart's Cabinet. They insisted that no colored man was fit for a Cabinet position but Jonathan C. Gibbs, and he, they insisted as pre-arranged, had attempted to count in Bloxham, a Democrat, as against Hart, a Republican; and while some of the more ignorant of the colored brothers were loud in denunciation of Gibbs for this supposed treachery, they contended that if Gibbs was the only colored man qualified for a position in the Cabinet, he should be appointed by Hart and then watched. Hart and the ring pro- tested against this proposition until the colored brother held a caucus and demanded Gibbs' appointment, with a threat that the colored members would combine with the Democrats and clog the wheels of the administration. The colored of both branches of the Legislature went to Hart in a body and in. timated their intention, whereupon Hart became frightened and conceded their demand, and Gibbs was appointed Superin- tendent of Public Instruction of the State. The yielding of this point by Hart and the ring was a signal for the colored brother to be defiant as to Ha t's threat, thereafter made, that he would use the whole power of his administration against any member of the Legislature, for any office or for re-election to the Legis. lature, who should dare to vote for any one for United States Senator whom he, Hart, considered not in full accord with his administration, which was then wholly controlled by Osborn and his ring. The balance of the Cabinet consisted of Samuel B. McLin, Secretary of State; Charles Foster, Treasurer; C. A. Cowgill, Comptroller; William Archer Cocke, Attorney-General; Dennis Eagan, Commissioner of Lands and Immigration, and John Varnum, Adjutant-General. The Cabinet was a very fair one, with the exception of McLin, who was a deserter from the rebel army, and being self-condemned for his own treachery for having volunteered in the Confederate service and then deserted before he smelled gunpowder, he was satisfied that neither the Democrats nor the carpetbaggers cared to trust him, and he was therefore the tool of the most rabid and unprincipled members of the carpetbag dynasty of the State. 268 CARPETBAG RULE eN FLORIDA. destroyed by burning, but I am not informed how much." The ring, though defeated in the election of speaker of the Assembly, lost no time in arranging Hart's Cabinet. They insisted that no colored man was fit for a Cabinet position but Jonathan C. Gibbs, and he, they insisted as pre-arranged, had attempted to count in Bloxham, a Democrat, as against Hart, a Republican; and while some of the more ignorant of the colored brothers were loud in denunciation of Gibbs for this supposed treachery, they contended that if Gibbs was the only colored man qualified for a position in the Cabinet, he should be appointed by Hart and then watched. Hart and the ring pro- tested against this proposition until the colored brother held a caucus and demanded Gibbs' appointment, with a threat that the colored members would combine with the Democrats and clog the wheels of the administration. The colored of both branches of the Legislature went to Hart in a body and in- timated their intention, whereupon Hart became frightened and conceded their demand, and Gibbs was appointed Superin- tendent of Public Instruction of the State. The yielding of this point by Hart and the ring was a signal for the colored brother to be defiant as to Ha et's threat, thereafter made, that he would use the whole power of his administration against any member of the Legislature, for any office or for re-lection to the Legis- lature, who should dare to vote for any one for United States Senator whom he, Hart, considered not in full accord with his administration, which was then wholly controlled by Osborn and his ring. The balance of the Cabinet consisted of Samuel B. McLin, Secretary of State; Charles Foster, Treasurer; C. A. Cowgill, Comptroller; William Archer Cocke, Attorney-General; Dennis Eagan, Commissioner of Lands and Immigration, and John Varnum, Adjutant-General. The Cabinet was a very fair one, with the exception of McLin, who was a deserter from the rebel army, and being self-condemned for his own treachery for having volunteered in the Confederate service and then deserted before he smelled gunpowder, he was satisfied that neither the Democrats nor the carpetbaggers cared to trust him, and he was therefore the tool of the most rabid and unprincipled members of the carpetbag dynasty of the State. 268 CARPETBAG RULE IN FLORIDA. destroyed by burning, but I am not informed how much." The ring, though defeated in the election of speaker of the Assembly, lost no time in arranging Hart's Cabinet. They insisted that no colored man was fit for a Cabinet position but Jonathan C. Gibbs, and he, they insisted as pre-arranged, had attempted to count in Bloxham, a Democrat, as against Hart, a Republican; and while some of the more ignorant of the colored brothers were loud in denunciation of Gibbs for this supposed treachery, they contended that if Gibbs was the only colored man qualified for a position in the Cabinet, he should be appointed by Hart and then watched. Hart and the ring pro. tested against this proposition until the colored brother held a caucus and demanded Gibbs' appointment, with a threat that the colored members would combine with the Democrats and clog the wheels of the administration. The colored of both branches of the Legislature went to Hart in a body and in. timated their intention, whereupon Hart became frightened and conceded their demand, and Gibbs was appointed Superin- tendent of Public Instruction of the State. The yielding of this point by Hart and the ring was a signal for the colored brother to be defiant as to Hait's threat, thereafter made, that he would use the whole power of his administration against any member of the Legislature, for any office or for re-election to the Legis- lature, who should dare to vote for any one for United States Senator whom he, Hart, considered not in full accord with his administration, which was then wholly controlled by Osborn and his ring. The balance of the Cabinet consisted of Samuel B. McLin, Secretary of State; Charles Foster, Treasurer; C. A. Cowgill, Comptroller; William Archer Cocke, Attorney-General; Dennis Eagan, Commissioner of Lands and Immigration, and John Varnum, Adjutant-General. The Cabinet was a very fair one, with the exception of McLin, who was a deserter from the rebel army, and being self-condemned for his own treachery for having volunteered in the Confederate service and then deserted before he smelled gunpowder, he was satisfied that neither the Democrats nor the carpetbaggers cared to trust him, and he was therefore the tool of the most rabid and unprincipled members of the carpetbag dynasty of the State.  CARPETBAG RULE IN FLORIDA. 269 CARPETBAG RULE IN FLORIDA. 269 CARPETBAG RULE IN FLORIDA. 269 Osborn and his ring followers, convinced by the independ- ent action of the colored members of the Legislature in demand- ing the appointment of Gibbs, that they would have hard work to secure permanently any considerable number of them to vote for Osborn, began open bribery to carry their project through. There were three caucuses held every night until the Senator was elected. Osborn and his bribe offerers assembled nightly at the old City Hotel, and reported to each other what progress was being made to secure votes for the chief, and to devise other plans that might be a sort of auxiliary to the main plan of bribery. S. B. Conover and his followers held nightlycaucuses over the old bar room once run by Scott, while spies were sent to the Osborn den who reported nightly what was done and said in the Osborn caucuses. The Democrats held nightly caucuses in the Capitol, and some of them reported nightly to Conover and his caucus what had taken place and what was said by the Dem- ocrats. The Osborn managers having convicted C. H. Pearce for bribery, and expecting that Pearce would make this the op- portunity to get even with them, contrived a new plan of bribery in which they could not be detected. Before the voting for Sen- ator commenced some of Osborn's leading strikers would place in the hands of such colored members as they thought money could control, an envelope sealed, saying at the same time, "Take this, I know it will do you some good." After the re- ciplent had had a reasonable time to open the envelope and count the money, the fellow who gave it would have occasion to run on him again and engage in the praise of Osborn, winding up by expressing the hope that the recipient would vote for him when it became necessary to secure his election. These sealed envel- opes generally contained from two hundred and fifty to three hundred dollars. If the member was very influential this dose of two hundred and fifty would be repeated, and if that did not get the patient in such condition as to enable him to talk Os- born, a third dose was given sufficiently large to double the other two. This would enable the patient to vote for and talk Osborn for some considerable time' but it will be seen hereafter that these double doses did not effect a permanent restoration to Osborn. Conover and the notorious Fred Dockray had entered Osborn and his ring followers, convinced by the independ- ent action of the colored members of the Legislature in demand- ing the appointment of Gibbs, that they would have hard work to secure permanently any considerable number of them to vote for Osborn, began open bribery to carry their project through. There were three caucuses held every night until the Senator was elected. Osborn and his bribe offerers assembled nightly at the old City Hotel, and reported to each other what progress was being made to secure votes for the chief, and to devise other plans that might be a sort of auxiliary to the main plan of bribery. S. B. Conover and his followers held nightlycaucuses over the old bar room once run by Scott, while spies were sent to the Osborn den who reported nightly what was done and said in the Osborn caucuses. The Democrats held nightly caucuses in the Capitol, and some of them reported nightly to Conover and his caucus what had taken place and what was said by the Dem- ocrats. The Osborn managers having convicted C. H. Pearce for bribery, and expecting that Pearce would make this the op. portunity to get even with them, contrived a new plan of bribery in which they could not be detected. Before the voting for Sen- ator commenced some of Osborn's leading strikers would place in the hands of such colored members as they thought money could control, an envelope sealed, saying at the same time, 'Take this, I know it will do you some good." After the re- cipIent had had a reasonable time to open the envelope and count the money, the fellow who gave it would have occasion to run on him again and engage in the praise of Osborn, winding up by expressing the hope that the recipient would vote for him when it became necessary to secure his election. These sealed envel- opes generally contained from two hundred and fifty to three hundred dollars. If the member was very influential this dose of two hundred and fifty would be repeated, and if that did not get the patient in such condition as to enable him to talk Os- born, a third dose was given sufficiently large to double the other two. This would enable the patient to vote for and talk Osborn for some considerable time' but it will be seen hereafter that these double doses did not effect a permanent restoration to Osborn. Conover and the notorious Fred Dockray had entered Osborn and his ring followers, convinced by the independ- ent action of the colored members of the Legislature in demand- ing the appointment of Gibbs, that they would have hard work to secure permanently any considerable number of them to vote for Osborn, began open bribery to carry their project through. There were three caucuses held every night until the Senator was elected. Osborn and his bribe offerers assembled nightly at the old City Hotel, and reported to each other what progress was being made to secure votes for the chief, and to devise other plans that might be a sort of auxiliary to the main plan of bribery. S. B. Conover and his followers held nightly caucuses over the old bar room once run by Scott, while spies were sent to the Osborn den who reported nightly what was done and said in the Osborn caucuses. The Democrats held nightly caucuses in the Capitol, and some of them reported nightly to Conover and his caucus what had taken place and what was said by the Dem- ocrats. The Osborn managers bavitng convicted C. H. Pearce for bribery, and expecting that Pearce would make this the op- portunity to get even with them, contrived a new plan of bribery in which they could not be detected. Before the voting for Sen- ator commenced some of Osborn's leading strikers would place in the hands of such colored members as they thought money could control, an envelope sealed, saying at the same time, "Take this, I know it will do you some good." After the re- ciplent had had a reasonable time to open the envelope and count the money, the fellow who gave it would have occasion to run on him again and engage in the praise of Osborn, winding up by expressing the hope that the recipient would vote for him when it became necessary to secure his election. These sealed envel- opes generally contained from two hundred and fifty to three hundred dollars. If the member was very influential this dose of two hundred and fifty would be repeated, and if that did not get the patient in such condition as to enable him to talk Os- born, a third dose was given sufficiently large to double the other two. This would enable the patient to vote for and talk Osborn for some considerable time' but it will be seen hereafter that these double doses did not effect a permanent restoration to Osborn. Conover and the notorious Fred Dockray had entered  into an agreement that one or the other should be elected to the Senate. Dockray had lots of the Government money, which he had stolen while Collector of Customs at the port of Jackson- ville, which he was using lavishly to secure the election of him- self or Conover, and Osborn had all he could do for some time to hold the colored members whom he had secured through con- quest of money in the different counties. After Dockray saw there was really no chance for himself ie told Conover ie must hold up as he saw no way of getting his money back. This was a gala time for the colored brother, and those of Osborn's strikerso whose pockets had suffered famine for want of fat Federal offices. The first Senatorial caucus held by the ring revealed the fact that Osborn had been " weighed in the balance and found wanting," and that those whom he had confidently relied upon to support him were voting for some one else. Another discouraging feat- ure of the general caucus was the absence of some Republican members who would never attend the Osborn or general caucus. The ring, after failing in their attempt to force these Republican members into the caucus, turned their attention to the Committee on Privileges and Elections. They planned to turn seven Demt- ocrats out of the lower branch of the Legislature and put in seven men-be they Democrats or Republicans-whether elected or not, who would promise to vote for Osborn first and last after being seated. They set the masses of the colored men around Tallahassee at work to intimidate those Republican mem- bets of the Committee who were not inclined to unseat mem- bers of the Legislature to secure the election of Osborn. The freedmen were told that the Democrats whose seats were con- tested were " Ku-Klux " and held their seats at the price of in- nocence of negroes, and that any negro who would refuse to un- seat them bught to be mobbed or secretly murdered. A band of freedmen was regularly employed to follow, watch and brow- beat the chairman of the committee, who, at every meeting of the committee, had voted with the two Democrats to postpone the report until after the Senatorial contest. The committee had examined the testimony in each contest and found that there was no testimony on which to base a real contest; that the contests had been gotten up solely in the interest of Osborn. The chair- 270 CARPETAG RULE IN FLORIDA. into an agreement that one or the other should be elected to the Senate. Dockray had lots of the Government money, which he had stolen while Collector of Customs at the port of Jackson- ville, which he was using lavishly to secure the election of him- self or Conover, and Osborn had all he could do for some time to hold the colored members whom he had secured through con- quest of money in the different counties. After Dockray saw there was really no chance for himself ie told Conover he must hold op as he saw no way of getting his money back. This was a gala time for the colored brother, and those of Osborn's strikers whose pockets had suffered famine for want of fat Federal offices. The first Senatorial caucus held by the ring revealed the fact that Osborn had been " weighed in the balahce and found wanting," and that those whom he had confidently relied upon to support him were voting for some one else. Another discouraging feat- ure of the general caucus was the absence of some Republican members who would never attend the Osborn or general caucus. The ring, after failing in their attempt to force these Republican members into the caucus, turned their attention to the Committee on Privileges and Elections. They planned to turn seven Det- ocrats out of the lower branch of the Legislature and put in seven men-be they Democrats or Republicans-whether elected or not, who would promise to vote for Osborn first and last after being seated. They set the masses of the colored men around Tallahassee at work to intimidate those Republican nem- bers of the Committee who were not inclined to unseat mem- hers of the Legislature to secure the election of Osborn. The freedmen were told that the Democrats whose seats were con- tested were " Ku-Klux " and held their seats at the price of in- nocence of negroes, and that any negro who would refuse to un- seat them bught to be mobbed or secretly murdered. A band of freedmen was regularly employed to follow, watch and brow- beat the chairman of the committee, who, at every meeting of the committee, had voted with the two Democrats to postpone the report until after the Senatorial contest. The committee had examined the testimony in each contest and found that there was no testimony on which to base a real contest; that the contests had been gotten up solely in the interest of Osborn. The chair- into an agreement that one or the other should be elected to the Senate. Dockray had lots of the Government money, which he had stolen while Collector of Customs at the port of Jackson- ville, which he was using lavishly to secure the election of him- self or Conover, and Osborn had all he could do for some time to hold the colored members whom he had secured through con- quest of money in the different counties. After Dockray saw there was really no chance for himself he told Conover he must hold up as he saw no way of getting his money back. This was a gala time for the colored brother, and those of Osborn's strikers whose pockets had suffered famine for want of fat Federal offices. The first Senatorial caucus held by the ring revealed the fact that Osborn had been " weighed in the balahce and found wanting," and that those whom he had confidently relied upon to support him were voting for some one else. Another discouraging feat- ure of the general caucus was the absence of some Republican members who would never attend the Osborn or general caucus. The ring, after failing in their attempt to force these Republican members into the caucus, turned their attention to the Committee on Privileges and Elections. They planned to turn seven Dem- ocrats out of the lower branch of the Legislature and put in seven men-be they Democrats or Republicans-whether elected or not, who would promise to vote for Osborn first and last after being seated. They set the masses of the colored men around Tallahassee at work to intimidate those Republican mem- bers of the Committee who were not inclined to unseat mem- hers of the Legislature to secure the election of Osborn. The freedmen were told that the Democrats whose seats were con- tested were " Ku-Klux " and held their seats at the price of in- nocence of negroes, and that any negro who would refuse to un- seat them bught to be mobbed or secretly murdered. A band of freedmen was regularly employed to follow, watch and brow- beat the chairman of the committee, who, at every meeting of the committee, had voted with the two Democrats to postpone the report until after the Senatorial contest. The committee had examined the testimony in each contest and found that there was no testimony on which to base a real contest; that the contests had been gotten up solely in the interest of Osborn. The chair-  mnf hte miteed eedit advisble t ee o pnied by friendsgingitogand fmthe Cnoeuese atnightand often petted the emeployed banedof freedmten, wnhotetteted ecurses antdthreateinngantthimtfortot haingtuseted Democra-ts and pett in " Publicans. "The Oshoen jacnhint at this juntete weedesperate, aed seemted twillingf to commetit almostt any erime to sece the electiont oftheirchief; and they nown havintg ex- hausteed all the furey of threts aed intimirdation on the chairmnte of the Comm~ittee on Prieileget ted Electiont to tto advntage cetcludede to hange the bese of eperatiens and tonattak hint weithnmoralttttnin-yeteieenfemeneyand prpety. Honest WV. K. Cesnae,eof iea~ethmenttnotoiety, testappointedhby Osborn to uee meoney and peromietad 0. Moegan wasap- pointed to tee propeety. WV. H. Gleasnn had specifie woneklaid tut foe hint. Undee the Otsheen Constitution the Setminole In- dians in the Sotheen ptet of the Stte eree entitled en one rep. rsnaiein eaele hetneh nf the Legislaeuee. An the Semninoles reside nmnstly itt the cnunties of Dtde end Monene, atnda Gleasn tent thettn t emenre feemte oenety of Dade, and was snpposedet now matny of thenmembheesof the teihe, he waseto hring amnnefromeestmewere, with highecheek hnnes, tell and darh-shkinted, tnd repesent himt at helongineg en the Iedin teibt. At the proe time tite nan tent hronght hefore the enoe- mtteeeatd introduceedhbyGleasneennJ. King, oneenf the Semi- nole Indlinsfromtheteverglde. Jtneaseeey namnsing en see thin fellotw teying en net, looh end talh Indian. The eamttee eeuld notnnderseendanything heesid, hut Gleasnen talked for hint. It net etdent en the conmmittee thet the felinw wns eithee a ereehee from tnome nf the sontherntenties, or that he wns pinked upehbout Jaeksneille en he need forethe purpose andeeas cell paid fee his attemtpt en simullaee an Indian. It swas sm fete daye hefnee the etntnittee eepoeted n the nase of the Inditn, end he seemted en he verp anxioan fee ad- miso.This wnhite Indian onedap approached the chair- maen of the comtitee and said en hint en good Eglish thee he wouldfgie hintweenty dollerto erepoet in his favor. The cthaie- maehereupon inqeired of hint nould he net talk neoee English. mnfheecommittee deemted idisahleto eheaecompaniedhby friends ittgong totatd fromthe Cnovercacses atenightead often penned the emeployed heed of freedmenn, enho uttered eueses and threaeeing aganset himnfornotnhaingneaed Democrats end ptin Puhlicaens." The Oshoen jeethins at this junetue weedespterate,anedseemendeeilling toncommitlmtt tanyecime te secureeteenlectin oftheiechief;eand they nowhaing ex- haused all the hury ef theats end ineitidatin en tle chairnman of the Commeitte e enPivileges end Klectins en eno advatage cncnludede to hangetehbaseofpnerationstand tottackhim wnithnmoral suasin-promiesiof ont eyndprperty. Honet W. K. Cesne, of imtpeachentntoiety, tent appointed by Oshbeorn teue mnteey end prentises, and 0. Moegaentent ap. pninted tn tee propety. W. H. Gleasoee had speciic woekilaid oet fee hint. Under the Otehoen Constitutin the Sentinole In- diane in the Snoutheen pent of the Stee tee entitled to ne rep- rsnanein eaeh hranch of the Legislatue. As the Sentinoles eseide mostely int the ecoenties of Dade end Monroe, nd as Gleasnws teen ke ebere fernt the conty of Dade, nd was suppoed en henoe manyeof the memereseof the teihe, he wasto beinaanfrnomnntneehee, with highecheeh hones, tell and darh-shinneed, end repeent hint ae helonfing en the Indian trihe. At the trer timne tee nan tens hroughe hefoe the ncte- mitteenand introducedhbyGleason asJ. King, onenof the Semti- noetIndians fromtthe eeglde. lttwastveryasntioee this fellow teeing en net, leek end talk Indian. The naniteie could net underetandan)ything hensid, bee Gleason telhed fee hint. It net evidettoe the enommittee thee the fellnw wat eithee a craehee feromesome of the teeth ern conties, ar thee he wsee pinked upehboueJacksnville en bettsed forethe parpose and wat well paid fee bis attemept en nimualate an Indian. It wsee soen fete dept hefene eke commaittee reported an the case of eke Indian, end ke seented en he erey nxioas fan ad. mitssion. This wehie Indin nday approached the nhain- teen of the comntittee and said en bim en good English that he would glee hint tentye dellanstoe report in kis favon. The chair- mnteeupon inquired of hint could he eat talk tease English. CARPTBAGRULEIN FRIDalt7 teanof thenommiteendeemed ieadvisale t eaenompaniedky friends ieegoingetonad fromnteCneraecses atenightand often petted the eneploed bandeof freedmten, teho utteed eurses end thretettiege againt himtfor net hating uaseated Democetse end put in "'Pubtlieaens." The Osboren jenehine at thin juncture tee desperate, and seemted willing to cmmtailmoste anycime to eeetthe election ofebheirchief; ted they nte bating en. hautedl nl the fuery of theats and intimeidatin en tee ehairmean of the Conmmitee n Privileges end Electine en eno adeantage eoncludedtn changetlekbae oflnpertionsnd t tetackhimt wteihnmnralnnnnsin-penieeeofamoneyndprperty. Hoanest W. K. Cessna, nf impeachenn toenity, tent appoined by Osborn n teue teoney end promies, nd 0. hMorgan teat ap- ptointed tn tee Property. WV. H. Gleason bed specifec worklaid oeet fete tim. Under the Otshorn Constitutin the Sentianole In- dins in the Southen part of tke Stee terne entitled en one rep. renenettkeein etch hraneb of the Legislature. As the Sentienoles eside mosttly it, the eounties of Dade end Moanre, and an Gleason teen thenc a mementr frnoe the couney of Dade, end teas supposedetohnoweteanyofethneneesefethetike, he weas to beingetemnfromtsoewhee witk kighecheek henes, tall and darh-shinned, and repreent hint en belnging en the Indian trihe. At the prnper tinee the man tent krought befoe the naom- mtiteeead inetrdueedby GlesontasJ. King, nenof the Semei- nole Indians frometheeeglde. Itneasnver antasiag en see this fellowe teying en nct, look and talk Indian. The coitee could notndertand anythinghesid, bat Gleasn talked fee kine. It tent evidettoe the comtenitee that eke felate waen either a eraeker front eaomn af tke eouthern coanties, an that he teen pinked up about Jacksonville to he need fornthe purpoe aedtean teell paid fee his attempt In simutae an Indian. It wat saome fete dept hefene the commnittee eparted an Ike nate o the Indite, end be seented en be very anxious fan ad- miso.Tkis white Iadian ann day apprached the their- ten tfthe eomtitee and eaid In hint en good English that he woueld fine hint tewenty dollars In report in his favo. The chain- mntereupon inquired of bite coald he eat talk mane Englis.  272 CARPETBAG RULE IN FLORIDA. He said "No, that would beknown." The chairmangaehim to understatnd that he cared nothing fat hit twenty dollars, hot that the committee would report in a fen days. Of course the committee eepoeted against him, and tent him home. Up so this time the chairman of the committee had not keen directly approched on the suhject of unseating Democeats for money. HonesttCessnanowgoes abouthis woe. The contest for Senatoemwas wanigewam, adthe rigsaw noeway tosteer cleat of defeat. John E. Proctoe, ane of the reeheltious membhers from Leonccountywas givensven huodeed doltars hy one of the Osbao managestohbe ased to influensce the chairman so report infavorof the contestants. Proctoretooh the moneyoond booghttwo moles forehis farm and reqoested the chairmsan to stand his grond. Cessna, thinhing that the seven hundred hsad somewhat softened the heart of the chairman, waited unotil the Lord'stday tomahe histatgadeffort to etect Oshoen to the Senate. He quietlyeyaired to the residence of the chaie- manand requesteda pivate interviesw. He presented the fol- loeing proposition: That the Repuhtican memees of the cam- meittee shouldounseat Williamyeeler, of Clay county, Democrat, and seat Hery Beaten, a Reyohlican; unseat W. W. Harkins, of Lafayette coonty, Democrat, and teat Wittiam D. Sears, Re- pahlicans; unseat Joshua H. Lee, of Hamilttan county, Demo. crat,oandseat James BernaR, Repuhtican;ounseat EmoryVann, of Taylor county, Democrat, and teat Mark Richardson, Repuh- lican;nunseat Samuel Hope,afHettanoacounty, Demacrat, and seat AothurtSI. Clair, Repuhtican; and seat J. King, the Semi- Role Indiatn. If this proposition teas conseted ta hy the chair- ntan, he was to receive one thousand dollars, mhich amount was counted out to him hy Cessna in hudred dollae packages and shaken in his face, swith the promise of any office that he shoutd desire. This amoountof money to a paar maR teat very hoed to refuse; hot the chairman, rememheriog the promise he had made to the white friends who had preevented his being swindled out of his election, informed Cessna that the testimony in these canes would notssain such action on the part of the committee. Cessna also informed the chairman that 0. Morgan desired to see him Monday morning. Before the meeting of the Legisla- 272 CARETBRULA N LRIA He said "No, thattwauldkeehnawn." The chairmansgave him to understand that he cared nathing for his tenty dollars, hot that the cammittee mould repart in a faew days. Of course the cammittee reported against him, and sent him home. Up to this time the chairman af the committee had aol keen directly approached on the suhject of unseatiag Democeats tar money. Honest Cessnaenowgoes ahouthiseor. The contest for Senatorewas wraxing macrm, and the ring sate no may to steer clear of defeat. John E. Proctoe, oar of the reehellious meeroes from Lean countymwas given seven hundred dollars hy one af the Oshorn managers to he used to iagluence the chaieman to report infasor ofthe cotestats. Peocotook the moneyuand bought twco mules foe his farm and reqaested tie chairmaon ta stand his ground. Cessna, thinking that the seven hundred had somewhat softened the heart of the chairman, waited unotil therLord'sdaytomahe his lst grandeffrt to elect Oshorn to theSensate. He quietlyepaired to the residence of the chair. man andrequested aprivte iteiem. Hr peesetnted the fol- toeing proposition: That the Repubhlican memshers of the com- mittee should unseat William Peeler, of Clay county, Democrat, and seat Henry Beams, a Reypuhlican;ounseat W. IV. Harkins, of Lafayette county, Democrat, and seat William D. Sears, Re- publicatn; unseat Joshua H. Lee, of Hamiltont county, D~emo- crat, and seat James Bornas, Republican; unseat Emory Vannt, of Taylor county, Democrat, and seat Mark Richardsan, Reputh- lican; unseat Samuel Hope, ofHernand county, Democr~t, and seat Author St. Clair, Repuhlicao; and teat J. King, the Semi- nolr Indian. If this propasition teas consented to by the chair. man, he was to receire one thouoand dollars, which amouat teas counted out tohimby Cessna in hundred dollar pachages and shahen in his fare, with the promise of any office that he should desire. This amount of money to a poarmanteassvery hard to refuse; hut the chairman, rememberinsg the promise he had made to the white friesnds teho had presented his being steindled out of his election, informed Cessna that the testimony in these canes would not sustain such action on the part of the committee. Cessna also informed the chairman that 0. Morgan desired to see him Monday morning. Before the meeting of the Legisla. 272 CARPETBAG RULE IN FLORIDA. He said "Na, that mould he knaten." The chairman gone him to understand that he cured nothiog fae his twenty dollars, hut that the committee mauld report in a faew days. Of course the committee reported against him, and sent him home. Up ta this time the chairman of the committee had not ken directly approached an the suhject of onseating Democrats for money. HonestCesonamwgoeo ahouthis work. The contest forlSenator waswaxing warm, andthe ring saw noway to steer clear of defeat. John E. Peoctor, one of the rebhellious membhers from Leocountytwas givenseven hondred dollars by ooe of the Oshorn managers to he ased to influensce the chairman to report istfavorof the contestants. Preoctoretoaothe money and bought toa moles for his farm and requested the chairmaon to stand his grounod. Cessoa, thcinking that the seve huodeed had somewhat softened theoheart of the chairma, waited until the Lord'sday to make hislast gandeffot to elect Osoaet to the Senate. He quietly repaied tothe residenceaofthe chair- manuandereqaested aprivate iaterview. He peented the fat. lowing proposition; 'That the Repubhlican membhers of the cam- mitteshouldounseat William Peeler, of Clay county, Deocrat, and seatHrey Bown, a Repubhlicant; unseat W. W. Harkins, of Ltfayette county, Democrat, and seas William D. Soars, Re- publican; unseat Joshua H. Lee, of Hamilton county, Demo. neat, and seat James Bornaa, Repuhlican; useat Emory Vann, nf Taylor county, Democrat, and seat Mark Richardson, Repub- lican; unseat Samuel Hope, afHrao county, Democrat, and seat Author It. Clair, Republican; and teat J. King, the Semi- nole Indian. If this proposition teas consented to hy the chair. man, hr teas to receive one thousand dollars, wrhich amountmwas counted out to himby Cessna in hundred dollar packages and shaken in his face, with the promise of any office that he should desire. This amauntuof money toa poor man teas very hard to refuse; but the chairman, remembering the promise hr had made en the white friends who had presented his bring swindled out of his election, informed Cessna that the testimony in these cases would notlsustain such action on the pare of the committee. Cessna also informed the chairman that 0. Morgan desired to see him Monday morning. Before the meeting of the Legista.  CARPETBAG RULE IN FLORIDA 273 CARPETBAG RULE IN FLORIDA 273 tote on Monday, Morgan Ret the chtairman and wan~ted tohknoe whherhe hadBseenMr. Cessna or not, and was5 answered in Bbe affirmoaive. Morgan asked if their nmeettng twas satisfactory, and iftso, he desired tB say that the laege house just behind the City Hotel stas his peoperty, and thot he swoold give him cleat title to the some. The chairmtn had nowt hectome theeadhoee, aod he informsed Morgathastneishermoneyore propertyswould change his opinion as to those contests. The hoose ond lot wthich Rot throotn into the ottemted hargain wstaoloed at thee ethoosoed dotloers. Cotter~, oho hod teaBned of these negotiations, hecame seep moch olaemed, and feom that time to the end of the contest sloe chaitmon, foe the most of his sime wheo hewseatasleep,was hooredwithsthe presessoe of the oigilant doctor. As 000 stage of the contest a false alaom got oat that the chairman hod yielded to she semptee, asnd Cone- tertcamteoushing tohim almotwith tearstonhis eyes, ood saidh "My whole fotune is ioyoorehoods, and ifyoo gohbachon me hy tuening Democrats oot of the Legislature, who were legally eleoted, itwill betlookedon asmy act, as youaemy feiend, wthich will deiveeveryeocrat froto me. Do yoo wasot any moneyf' The chaiematold hhmifhehadoany money to spend to go anfl hay those wtho desired to sell; shot he should stand flrm weithoot money. This aswee certaioly lighteoed the hoe- den onConovee's heart, ond he wentsfying to otherepartmot the hatteofield so ose she money mhete it wtould do the moss good. Theering having faidedlto got up acontest its fBesaedounsty, hy any Repuhlican, A. D. Johnson was hboght foeth to cn test she seat of Roheet A. Hoedeo, Democrat. Both these meo wereeDemocrats, hut theerioghad madeahagainswith Johsoo shot they wtoold seet him if heouldpomisestote foe Oshoen. Johnson Peomised to do this, and so they attempted so set him. Is mill he soon shot they deoired so onsess sit legally elocted memhees aod pot in one wshite man as an Iodian, whioh stoold givesthering sevenvoms foe Oshorn independent of the fle vtes from Leon and two feom Columbia coty who would not behboght to Oshoens nopport. Thering, often heing fnened so she conclusion thas shey could not capsure she ohairman of she Cnmmittee on Peivileges and Elecsions, talled a meeting in she snee on Monday, Moegan met she chairmao and wanted toknosw wohethethehadeenoM. Cemsnaoe not, and was answtered in she affiemative. Moegan ashed it their meeting was sasfactory, and iftso, he desired so say that the laege hoose jot behind the City Hotel wsta his proety, and that he wtoold gite him cleae tidle to she some. The chaitman had tow become theeadbaee, and he iformed Morgansttstneithtermoey norpopety old change his opiniot as so those contests. The house and Ins which was thrown ino the attempted haegain wastvalued at three thousand dollats. Coover, wo had leaened of these negosiasioos, heoame vcry much alarmed, and from that time so the end of she contest she chairman, foe the most of his time when hetwastnot aleep, washonooeed withthe presence of the vigilaos doctoe. As ooe stage of she coolest a false alarm got out that the chairman hod yielded to she tempter, and Cone- vertcamoearuhingto him almostowithsteasiohis eyes, and said: "Myswhole fortuneisinyeourhads, and ifpyougohbackon me hy tuening Democrats ost of she Legislature, who stere legally elected, itwill he loohed upon as my act, as you ate my friend, wehichwilldive eveyemocat fromo me. Do yoo woot any money?" The chairmanstold hhoifhe had aymoneyto spend to go ani boy those who desieed so sell; that he should stand firm weithout money. This answter cetainly lightened the hoe- den on Conoser's heat, and he swent flying so other paets of the hastlefield sen se she mooey where is wtould do the moss good. Theering having fadledto get op a contest in Besaedcounty, hy any Rcpohlicao, A. D. Johnson was hrought frsh to con- teststhe seat of RoheetA. Haeden, DemoceaL. Bothsthese men wsereDemoceats, hut therioghad madeahargaintsith Johnson that they wtould seat him if he would promisest ote foe Oshorn. Johnson promised so do this, and so they attempted to seat him. Is still he seen that they desited so unseat six legally eleosed membees and pot in one white man as an Indian, which ould gloe the ring seven totes foe Osborn independent of the fle totes from Leon and too from Columbia county who wold not behbrooghttofOsbaen's supportL Theering, after being foeted to the conclusion that they could not capture the chaieman of the Committee on Privileges and Elections, catted a meeting in she tnee on Mtooday, Morgan met she chairmat and wanted toehnow sthethee he had seeo Me. Cessna oe not, and was ansstered in she affiematise. Morgao ashed if theie meeting was satisfactor, and iftso, he desiredseosaysthatthe largehose just hehiod the City Hotel wsta his property, and that he would gite him clear tidle so she tame. The chairman hod nost hecome thendbaee, and he iformed Morgan thatseithermoneyorpopety wold change his opitios as to shotse Contsts. The hoose and lot which was theown ino the attempted hacgoin wstaloed at theeethousand dollats. Conocee, who had leatned of these negotiations, hecame seep much alarmed, and from that time so she end of thecoest theochairman, foe the mess of his time whenohestas notasleep, was honoredswthsthe presence nf theovigilantdocto. At one stage of the contest afalse alarm got ens that ste chaieman had yielded to she sempter, and Cono- see canteoushing so him almost with teats inohis eyes, and said: I Myswhole fotone is in yooe hands, and ifyouagohackon me by toening Democoats out of she Lcgislature, who wtere legally elected, itdil he loohed uon as my ac, as you ate my friend, which wdlldive eeyDemoocat front me. Do you wans any money?" Thechairmanotold himoif hehad any money to spend to go ano hay those who desited so sell; that he should stand fiem wishout mooney. This aonswee ertaioly lightened the hoe- den on Cootves heat, and he stent flying to other parts of she battlefield to Ott she money whete it wtould do the most good. Theering hacing failedseoget op a contest in Beted county, by any Repuhlican, A. D. Johnson was heooght forth so con- test the seas of Roheet A. Harden, Democrat. Both these men stete Demsceam, hot she eing had made a hargaio wth Johnson shas theystould seat him if heswoold promise tovote for Onhoen. Johnson promised so do this, and so they attempted to seat him. It still he seeo shot they desied so onseas sin legally elected memhers and pot in one sthite man as an Indian, whioh would glee she eing seven totes foe Oshoto independent of the fite votes from Loon and sto from Columbiacnounty who would not be brought to Oshoen'ssuppor. The eing, aftee being footed so the conclusion that they could not capture she chairman of the Committee on Peisileges and Eleotions, tolled a meeting in she  274 Ct'Pct5.50 RULEt StLRIA City Hotet,at wohich M. 1L. Steatss preetided. At this meetiog it w'asdecided that aitthe meees of the ricy should tote fot' Jamsoc D. Wettcott, je. fot Senator, tnder the untderstanding with Wetcet that if elected they tchc acted fat himt shoutd have the cffices-in othsee eoeds the heegaic teas that the Osbao con- spieatoeshcldcoteolthe Federat offices. Byscoeeans this new's seas ccmeunicated ta Cayt. Charles B. Dyke, then editor of the Floridian. 'The nes sas herisght to Dyhe by ac oe of the Demcrcatic eeres, wbo ehocchit this a good thiny. Dyhe enetto wcrkbto preventtbe caosmcation of this haryaic fee thecreason, he said,that ito"'aidhbe a danyeeous ctiny to base o smart scan like Wesscot go to the Uncited Stases Secate ie the interest of a ceeruytering. 'Chatse Reyuhiicans ss'ba bad sswoen vengeance againstfOsbsrnchadcsade tiysheircasicdsato'votefor WillhameeD. lcsxhacshbeforedsheyouldsee 'lS'sacc lected hy thecriog, ad tilothact wcald has'ehbenectesd had itnothbeen for Dybe, oho used his influence an favoe of (Coec. When Dyhecamte tc Conover'srescue bie had gicen up ste byght for hiseef, bat oat trying to bald his frends toyethee ao yet these off his hands to the highsest hiddee. His colored frends did cot yeoyosetohbe disyosed of inthatcway, cod sothsey had atalks wish Bloshato, andcwithout anyypromises fraomtit yeromised to v'otefcrchimsif socasing theirt'ctesscsildclct hio. This proyosicionws omade tc Bloshacs she niyhs yreviosto the elec- tion. Dyke's sscrh had been so thcecughly 'ceected she niyht hefore, cod theoloredhecother, cwho had csade all he cauld out cf Osbao and the wcholeeconcern, had hecome woey of the nightly schishy, oystec, and cigar festivities, beouyht the cootest tocl ose cc else 31st day cf January, afteeca steuffle cf eleven days, duriog wchich timte these had heeno teety-one ballcts. The last day of thes'ctiog for Senor te smembhecs of the eing hecamtegreadlyexcited, andes'ery eseetioeasnmadehby tltcto preetethe election. jcst hefoe the soting coomenced one of these rushed to W. G. Stewcarte o f the memerse feose Leon cocnty, and cerowded ac envelope filled wish meoney into his hand and reqested himetoueeitas ho peased. ftewartchbeing one of thosetomehberswhowouldcnoteahke money for his sate, oundertooks to hanod ithbackc to himt, bot he would not receive it. 274 coRPo'TiAs RULEos5LttttaOtesA. City Hatelas which Mt. L. Stearns yresided. At this cmeeting it wastdecidd that allthe membheecof the riny shccld cote foe Jamees D. Wesctc,ji.fofroeatoe,ctidertheudestading with 'iestcott that if elected they wehc vcted foe hito shocld base the offices-ic otherewoeds the hcrfcin seas that the Osbao coo- syiectccsshacldeconttrsl the Federal cffices. Bysoemasti neswas communcicated to Capt. Charles B. Dybe, thtenedicoe of the Faoridian. 'Thenetws was hecitfht to Dyke by ace of the Demcrcatic cemees, cho thosehet this a yood chief. Dyhe weenttocwoekbtoypeentethecosummaion of this barycin for the ceason, he said, chat it st-acd he a danygeroasshiny tc hate acsmaretsmanlie Acsscocyagotoethe Uited Sates Senate its the icterest of acorrssytericy. 'fhcse Reysblicans stis sadswr vengfeanceagainst Osbornhadomadeytpstenoss tso cote for Williame 1). Blcshasc before chat wousld sea \tcttlctced hy the riny, ad llahacs weculd basec been elecsed haslit cot been foe Dyke, scho csed his influence is fat-ac of Coec. Whecn Dybecaese to Coovser'srescae he bad given up she fiyhc for hictelf, hat was teying to bald his friecds toyether tc yet these off his hands to the hiyhest hiddee. His coloced frendss did not propose to be disposed of ic that sway, cod sota sey bad a sails wish Biachacs, andswithotcayyeromises fcacsisn ypotised to vate for hime if sc castinf theircvoces wosuld clact hime. Tis proyosition seas maode to Blachase the niyhc yeviosus to she elec- tion. Dyhe's woek had beeo so thorcuyhly cemented the night hefore, cod teccloredhbrother, who had msade all he cauld oat of Osbor an cd the whole concern, had hecomee weary of the niyhtly twhisky, cyster, cod cigar festivities, brouyht the contess toca clcse cc the 3ttst day of January, ahtee a strugyle cf eleven dayc, duriny which tisee there had hoen ttencty-one ballots. The last day of the vocting for Senasce the cemees of the tiny becameyrcatly excited, code-coy exertion wae wade by theme so preentthe election. jose before the votiny coseeced one of thoem cashed to WV. G. Stewart, one of the semerees fcow Leon conty, and crowded an enveope filled with seoney intc his hsand andequestedhimetouse its hepleaed. fStewaet,hbeing oneofethosemeseeswhoswould not take soey for his vowe, ndertoo ohand ithachto hie, hot he woculd not receive it. 274 CRETGRL NFOIA City Hotetat which Att. L. Stearns presided. At this meeting it ws cdecidedethatall the memcters of the cloy shculd vate foe Jamees D. Westcoss, ie. foe henator, condes the understanding with Westeote that if elected they who v'cted forhisoucld have the offices-ic ocher secede the haeyain was chat the Osbao con- spiratorsslsouldcontrol the Federal officet. By socte smeans chit news was communcicated cc Capt. Charles E. Dyhe, then editoe of the Flor'dian. The onetcs tea. broiuyht ao Dyke isy ace of the Demcratic memerees, cho thccelt this a yaod thiny. Dlybe ent toseorkbto precvettheccosmaticon of chic baryain fat theereaso, hesaid,that itssouldbe adangyroustchingyto hate aosmartsmacbn ieestccst ygos he Uieied tates Seate ins the inseest of a corrupyseiny. 'Those Reyublicans cwho sadswr venyeance ayainstcOsbonhadomadeytiteirasis to vote foe Williame D. Boxhact befoe tey teould see Westi'cts-s elected by the eing, cod Bioshacs secd bas e been elclated had bo ot been for Dyke, wo used his onflcecco it fat'or of C'onoser. When Dybecamse to Cooer'screscae be had gis-en Lip the fyght for himself, hat seas trying to sold Isis friends toyethee to yes these off his hands to the hiyhest bidder. His coloeed frends did not pcopose tobe disposedof in that way cod so stes' had atalb with Bioobas,andwithoutcaypromises ftomehi yewcised to cote foe hime if so castiny their vtcs would clccs bise. Thit propositiconwas mtade to fiashas cthe niyhtpeviouscto the elec- tion. Dyke's woeb had heecc so thocouyhly cceentcd she night before, and the colocedheothe, seho had mtade abb e cauld oat of Osbco cod the whateeconcern, had becomee weary of the nightly whisky, oyster, cod cigac festieities, hrought the contest to a close on the 3tist day of Januaey, ahterea stcuggle of eleven days, during whichtsime thee had been twenty-one ballas. The last day of thevotintg for Senator she smemers of the cloy hecasee greatly excited, andesvery exetiowas wade by these to pceveeotthe eleetion. just hefore the vcting comenced one of these ecshed to W. G. Seewart, one of the semesees feose Leon conty, and cowded an enelope filled wish moeoy into his hand and requested himetouseiteas eplased. ftewart,lbeing one of those meeres who would cot tahe mooey foe his eote, undertoohtohand itlbackhtohim,hbuthe wouldcoteceie it.  CARPETBAG RULE IN PLURIDA. 275 CARPETBAG RULE IN ILURIDA. 275 CARPETBAG RULE IN FLORIDA. 275 Steweart threwU the enelope on the ground, teheteopon theheihec told hiom he ewos a ceazy tan, picked op the encelope and pot it inc hit pocket. Preoctor, weho hod appeopeiated een huodred dollors of Osborn's eeoney, lcering of the desiee of this heihec to gice aoway money, reqoected Stewaet to ioforme kie that he, Peoctor, wcoold take oil thte taooey he hod to gice awcay; hot Proctor's light foe OIsborc had keen hid tindee a hushel and couldnosteotruted fothe. The jointsessiontmet at theosual hour, and it wasevident toevery one thatcome geat catatro- phewteotske place, as theeringtmen atnd ati-eing mnwr nlow at steoeds points. Vice fleet conflict of w-oeds teas indulged incky Chadwick, of Potntaom, twhite caretatgger, and W. G. Steaet, colored, of Leon. Chodwick eat denoutncing the cat- orednmentwhoscweecotinogwith the DemtocratsforConoe, and Stec-act an eetuett denoonced him fat a niggee-hating - - - On this day there owere hve ballots token, some membher ofstheeingctovingtoadjorn at the cloce of feery ballot; hot the joint assembhly refusced to adjouen. On the fifth ballot John R. Scott, of Decal, wke had alco woethed Oshbospochet forall ittwac wcorth, note coca and denounced Ockorn and hic rling follotersc and expoced inthe open Ascetehly thehbargain beteenaWentcott acd the ring. Hocatio Jenkins, cc the pact af the eing, defended Oshorn and the combhination which they had enteeed icto, and cemicded the Demacrats that thin tens (meaning Scott) pact of the Chinese thunder from the Coostitutional Conventioc of 1868, and intimated that the elec- tionof Cnover meant negro peemacy. Scott tent applaudedhby the anti-ring men and Democrats, tehich shamed that the deads knell of the ring had heen sounded, tehile Jenkins droe the rematnngcolored membersmwhohad preiously opposed Cane- ere to his suppoet. This teas amidst the nailing of therocll, and the geeatest excitement pevailed, and ten tally heepees of the Oshocn-Westcott combhination peeceived that Conoer had e- ceieed the neienaay numhee of eases, their pencils fell froms theic hands as though they had a paralytic stroke. M. L. Steans, note Lieutenant-Goernor, teho hy virtue of kin office presided acer the joint assenshly, note undrtoto sce his offi- cial power to cheat the reresentatiees of the peoplr cat of their Siewart thewt the envelope coo the ground, wheeupon the hrihec told him he teas a crazy man, picked op the envcelope and pot it in his pocket. Proctoe, wcko had appropriated cecen hundred dollaec of Osboen's money, leacning of the desire of this hrihec so gice awayMotney, requeted Stew-aet to inform hisa that he, Proctor, could take all the moncey he had to gice away; hot Proctor's light foe OIsborn htad kean hid tinder a hushel and couldotbe triustedfturthe. The jontsessionccet at theasual hour, and it wasceidento every one that came feal catastro- phe mac to takeyplace, as the ring mcen and anti-ring nmen were noweatcccoedaypoint. The firt conflict ofswordsewasindlged inkby Chadwcick, of Putna, wchite cacrtbaggee, and W. G. Stecart, colored, of Lce. Chadweick w~at denouncing the cot- ored men whotcerecotion iththe Democats forCoovcerand Stewart in retarn denoaned him foc a nigger-hotiog - - On this day there were fice ballots taken, same membhec ofithe ringmoing to adjoacn at the close of every hallot; hot the jint assembly reftsed so adjoun. On the fifth Satins John R. Scott, of Decal, teho had also mocked Osbao'scpocket forall itccas marth, cam case and denounced Osborn and his rng followees end rexposed in the open Assembhly the bargain hetwceen Westcast and the cing. Htoratio Jenkins, on the pact alikhe fling, defeaded Oshorn and the combhination chick they had entered ino, and reminded the Democrats that this man (meaning Scott) pact of the Chinese thunder from the Constitutional Concention of s8hS, and intimated that the elec- tionof Conocer meant negro supcemany. Scott teas applaudedhby the anti-fling men and Democrats, whick showed that the death knell of the ring had keen sonded, tehile Jenkins drone the remaining coloredmemhrsmwho hadpreiosly opposed Cono- er to his support. This teas amidst the calling of the coll, and the greatest exnitement pevailed, and tehen tally keepers of the Osborn-Westcott comination peeceived that Conover had re- ceived the necessaay numbher of cases, their pencils fell fram themr hands as though they had a paralytic stroke. M. L. Stearns, note Lieotenant.Goenr, teho by victor of his officne presided oeer the joint assemblhy, nowmondertook tose his affi- cil power to cheat the representatives of the people oat of their Stewcart thewt the envcelope on the ground, whereuon thehbriber told him he teasea crazy man, picked op the encelope and pat it in his pocket. Proctor, cha had appropriated cecen hundred dollaes of Osborn's money, leanng at the desire of this briber to gicvecaaycmtncy, requestedStewarte toiform kite that lse, Proctor, would take all the mottey he had to gice away; has Prctor's light fee Osorn tad keen hid tndercahbshel and couldnothbe trutstedfuiethe. The jointsession met at thesual haur, andictcweidcntsto eery one that came geat catastro- phecwasto takeylce, as thecing men end enticring men wr nowatccods yints. The first conflictcof wodstwas indlged in by Coadivick, of Pusttnam, chite careetbagger, and W. G. Stewart, cloed, ofLon. Chadwickliascdenouncing the cat- ored menwhoeeoingih theDmocas for Conovrand Stewart an recore denoced him for a ciggee-hasing - - -On this day shee were fice holies token, eater memer ofsthe ringmoving toeadjourn atthe closeofrcery hellos; has the jamst assembly refused so edjourn. On the fifth ballot John R. Scott, of Decal, eke had also corked Ocbornspocketsfoeall itcwas morth, note nose and denounced Osbocn and his rng follomers and exposed in the open Assemly the hargain betceen Wnsscats and the ring. Horatio Jenkins, cc the pant of the ring, defended Osorn and the comhination chick they had entered into, and ceminded the Democrats that this teas (meaning Scott) pact of the Chinese thunder from the Constitutional Caorvntion of 1868i, and intimated that the elec- tion ofConocer meant negro supremacy. Scott teas applaudedhby the anti-fling moo and Democcat, tehich shomed that the death knell of the rng had he en soended, while Jenkins deane the remsainingncoloeed memberstehoahad peiosly opposed Cno- er so hit coppers. This wasc amidst the calling at the enS, and thecgreatest excitemntcpevailed, and tehen tally keepers of the Dshorn-Westnott comination perceived that Conover had e- ceiced the necrssaay naumbereof votes, therepencils fellfcrom their hands as though they had a paralytic stroke. M. L. Stearns, note Lieutenant-Docrrnnr, teho by virtue of his ofice presided covr the joins assensbly, note undectook en cnn his ofi- cil powier to cheat the representatives of the people out of their  276 CARPETBAG RULE IN FLORIDA. victory over the ring. Senator John A. Henderson, who had not voted for Conover, waited to hear what Stearns had to say. Stearns then said that there was some mistake, and suggested a re-call'of the roll, while members of the ring began to move around among the members for the purpose of bribery, if possi- ble. Senator Henderson arose and said: "This man has been fairly elected, and I demand fair play." Stearns soon saw what would follow, and declared Conover elected Senator. When the result ofthe vote was declared the scene in the joint assem- bly was indescribable; anti-ring Republicans and Democrats who had voted against Westcott could be seen and heard shout- ing and shaking hands over their victory, while the members of the ring, both in and out of the Legislature, seemed awe-strick- en and utterly demoralized. This ended the Senatorial contest in Florida in the year 1873. It will be seen that nineteen col- ored members could not be controlled by the carpetbaggers to support Westcott, and voted for Conover. The remaining six of the twenty-five colored members voted scattering.-See Jour- nal nf Joint Assembly, 1873, page 132. After the election of Senator the members of the ring, for the sole purpose of crippling Conover's influence at Washington, and not for the purpose of purifying elections of any kind-for they were utterly incapable of that-had a resolution adopted by the Assembly to investigate the reports of bribery of mem- bers in voting for United States Senator. . They attempted to pack the committee by having it elected, thinking they might be successful in bribing colored members enough to enable them to so shape the report as not to implicate the bribed members, while it should work to the injury of Conover. There is no doubt that Conover did use some money to secure his election, but the real wholesale bribery was carried on under the auspices of the members of the ring. Chadwick, of Putnam, carpetbag- ger, who had voted for the iron-handed Bisbee for United States Senator, but who was ready to vote for Westcott whenever his vote would elect, was put forward to get this resolution through. The anti-ring members and the Democrats at once saw the dodge, and united to elect a committee who would expose all persons on whom they could get any clue who had attempted or 276 CARPETBAG RULE IN FLORIDA. victory over the ring. Senator John A. Henderson, who had not voted for Conover, waited to hear what Stearns had to say. Stearns then said that there was some mistake, and suggested a re-call'of the roll, while members of the ring began to move around among the members for the purpose of bribery, if possi- ble. Senator Henderson arose and said: "This man has been fairly elected, and I demand fair play." Stearns soon saw what would follow, and declared Conover elected Senator. When the result ofthe vote was declared the scene in the joint assem- bly was indescribable; anti-ring Republicans and Democrats who had voted against Westcott could be seen and heard shout- ing and shaking hands over their victory, while the members of the ring, both in and out of the Legislature, seemed awe-strick- en and utterly demoralized. This ended the Senatorial contest in Florida in the year 1873. It will be seen that nineteen col- ored members could not be controlled by the carpetbaggers to support Westcott, and voted for Conover. The remaining six of the twenty-five colored members voted scattering.-See Jour- nal of Joint Assembly, 1873, page 132. After the election of Senator the members of the ring, for the sole purpose of crippling Conover's influence at Washington, and not for the purpose of purifying elections of any kind-for they were utterly incapable of that-had a resolution adopted by the Assembly to investigate the reports of bribery of mem- bers in voting for United States Senator. . They attempted to pack the committee by having it elected, thinking they might be successful in bribing colored members enough to enablethem to so shape the report as not to implicate the bribed members, while it should work to the injury of Conover. There is no doubt that Conover did use some money to secure his election, but the real wholesale bribery was carried on under the auspices of the members of the ring- Chadwick, of Putnam, carpetbag- ger, who had voted for the iron-handed Bisbee for United States Senator, but who was ready to vote for Westcott whenever his vote would elect, was put forward to get this resolution through. The anti-ring members and the Democrats at once saw the dodge, and united to elect a committee who would expose all persons on whom they could get any clue who had attempted or 276 CARPETBAG RULE IN FLORIDA. victory over the ring. Senator John A. Henderson, who had not voted for Conover, waited to hear what Stearns had to say. Stearns then said that there was some mistake, and suggested a re-call'of the roll, while members of the ring began to move around among the members for the purpose of bribery, if possi- ble. Senator Henderson arose and said: "This man has been fairly elected, and I demand fair play." Stearns soon saw what would follow, and declared Conover elected Senator. When the result ofthe vote was declared the scene in the joint assem- bly was indescribable; anti-ring Republicans and Democrats who had voted against Westcott could be seenand heard shout- ing and shaking hands over their victory, while the members of the ring, both in and out of the Legislature, seemed awe-strick- en and utterly demoralized. This ended the Senatorial contest in Florida in the year 1873. It will be seen that nineteen col- ored members could not be controlled by the carpetbaggers to support Westcott, and voted for Conover. The remaining six of the twenty-five colored members voted scattering.--See Jour- nal of Joint Assembly, 1873, page 132. After the election of Senator the members of the ring, for the sole purpose of crippling Conover's influence at Washington, and not for the purpose of purifying elections of any kind-for they were utterly incapable of that-had a resolution adopted by the Assembly to investigate the reports of bribery of mem- bers in voting for United States Senator. . They attempted to pack the committee by having it elected, thinking they might be successful in bribing colored members enough to enable them to so shape the report as not to implicate the bribed members, while it should work to the injury of Conover. There is no doubt that Conover did use some money to secure his election, but the real wholesale bribery was carried on under the auspices of the members of the ring. Chadwick, of Putnam, carpetbag- ger, who had voted for the iron-handed Bisbee for United States Senator, but who was ready to vote for Westcott whenever his vote would elect, was put forward to get this resolution through. The anti-ring members and the Democrats at once saw the dodge, and united to elect a committee who would expose all persons on whom they could get any clue who had attempted or  CARPETBAG RULE IN FLORIDA. 277 CARPETBAG RULE IN FLORIDA. 277 CARPETBAG RULE IN FLORIDA. 277 had been successful in offering or guilty of receiving a bribe. M. W. Downie, a striker for General Sanford, appeared before the committee and testified that Dockray had given Conover money at different times, which Conover had spent in the Sena. torial contest; at the time Westcott and the ring were making their greatest fight Conover had gotten from Dockray eight hun- dred dollars, which Conover divided into one hundred and one hundred and fifty dollar packages and put these packages of money into envelopes to give to members of the Legislature to prevent them from voting for Westcott. When Dockray was called he admitted having loaned Conover money, but he did not seem to know how much. He said Conover put the money in three or four packages and put it in envelopes, and that he remarked to him at the time that he hoped Westcott would be defeated. When Conover was called he said that he had been in the habit of lending money to members of the Legislature while he was State Treasurer, and he had loaned some money to members of the Legislature at this session. The committee be. ing convinced that it-was useless to undertake to prove bribery by bribe-givers and bribe-takers, reported that they could find no sufficient testimony upon which to spot the guilty parties. The assembly, forced through the clamoring of the people, passed a resolution relative to the disposition of the four mil- lions of bonds issued in aid of the J., P., & M., railroad. Attor- ney-General William Archer Cocke sent the following communi- cation to the Govenor, who forwarded the same to each House of the Legislature: "Having observed in the proceedings of the House of Representatives that a resolution of inquiry relative to the four millions of state bonds issued in aid of the Jacksonville, Pensa- cola & Mobile Railroad Company has been referred to the House Committee on Railroads, I desire to lay before your Ex- cellency matters which have come to my knowledge, from sources deemed to be reliable, relative to the disposition made and proposed to be made of such bonds, which in my opinion, show that immediate action is needed on the part of the govern. ment of the State to protect its interest, and to prevent, if possi- had been successful in offering or guilty of receiving a bribe. M. W. Downie, a striker for General Sanford, appeared before the committee and testified that Dockray had given Conover money at different times, which Conover had spent in the Sena torial contest; at the time Westcott and the ring were making their greatest fight Conover had gotten from Dockray eight hun. dred dollars, which Conover divided into one hundred and one hundred and fifty dollar packages and put these packages of money into envelopes to give to members of the Legislature to prevent them from voting for Westcott. When Dockray was called he admitted having loaned Conover money, but he did not seem to know how much. He said Conover put the money in three or four packages and put it in envelopes, and that he remarked to him at the time that he hoped Westcott would be defeated. When Conover was called he said that he bad been in the habit of lending money to members of the Legislature while he was State Treasurer, and he had loaned some money to members of the Legislature at this session. The committee be. ing convinced that it-was useless to undertake to prove bribery by bribe-givers and bribe-takers, reported that they could find no sufilcient testimony upon which to spot the guilty parties. The assembly, forced through the clamoring of the people, passed a resolution relative to the disposition of the four mil- lions of bonds issued in aid of the J., P., & M., railroad. Attor- ney-General William Archer Cocke sent the folloiing communi- cation to the Govenor, who forwarded the same to each House of the Legislature : "Having observed in the proceedings of the House of Representatives that a resolution of inquiry relative to the four millions of state bonds issued in aid of the Jacksonville, Pensa- cola & Mobile Railroad Company has been referred to the House Committee on Railroads, I desire to lay before your Ex- cellency matters whic*h have come to my knowledge, from sources deemed to be reliable, relative to the disposition made and proposed to be made of such bonds, which in my opinion, show that immediate action is needed on the part of the govern. ment of the State to protect its interest, and to prevent, if possi. had been successful in offering or guilty of receiving a bribe. M. W. Downie, a striker for General Sanford, appeared before the committee and testified that Dockray had given Conover money at different times, which Conover had spent in the Sena- torial contest; at the time Westcott and the ring were making their greatest fight Conover had gotten from Dockray eight hun. dred dollars, which Conover divided into one hundred and one hundred and fifty dollar packages and put these packages of money into envelopes to give to members of the Legislature to prevent them from voting for Westcotst. When Dockray was called he admitted having loaned Conover money, but he did not seem to know how much. He said Conover put the money in three or four packages and put it in envelopes, and that he remarked to him at the time that he hoped Westcott would be defeated. When Conover was called he said that he had been in the habit of lending money to members of the Legislature while he was State Treasurer, and he had loaned some money to members of the Legislature at this session. The committee be. ing convinced that it-was useless to undertake to prove bribery by bribe-givers and bribe-takers, reported that they could find no sufficient testimony upon which to spot the guilty parties. The assembly, forced through the clamoring of the people, passed a resolution relative to the disposition of the four mil- lions of bonds issued in aid of the J., P., & M., railroad. Attor. ney-General William Archer Cocke sent the following communi- cation to the Govenor, who forwarded the same to each House of the Legislature: "Having observed in the proceedings of the House of Representatives that a resolution of inquiry relative to the four millions of state bonds issued in aid of the Jacksonville, Pensa- cola & Mobile Railroad Company has been referred to the House Committee on Railroads, I desire to lay before your Ex- cellency matters which have come to my knowledge, from sources deemed to be reliable, relative to the disposition made and proposed to be made of such bonds, which in my opinion, show that immediate action is needed on the part of the govern. ment of the State to protect its interest, and to prevent, if possi-  278 CARPETBAG RULE IN FLORIDA. ble, the entire loss of the funds peovided by lawe in aid of the railroad. I sendbheewnith a newspaper which contains an ac- count stated to base bees nmade by S. WV. Hopkins & Co., of NeweYorkawhich account, Ilam infortmed, contains in many respects correct statenmentt of payntents made by taid Sent, by oeder ofofficers of tbe railroad company, from money received by Hopkint & Cu. feom Jobn Collinson, of London, foe a,8oo of the State bonds whicb Hopkins & Co., teben acting as agents of theerailroad company, sold to bite. A portionof the amounts charged in the account, I amninfoenmed,hassnevee been paid. S ate not, of course, able to state teith peescision mbat wete the actual payments made by Hopkins & Co. out of the funds, but tonthehbest of my inforutation it esceeds sin hundred thousand dollars. Of this large aumount I am satisfied, from examination nf the items in the account, not more than onn hundred and seenty-fiee thousand dollars mete applied to the equsipment, construction or repair of the raileoad. A large sum, about three huudeed thousand dollars, I am informedmwas paid to parties front tebom Milton S. Littlefield purchased skates of stock in the Florida Central Raileoad, and which stocka he claims to be kis property. About fifty thousand dollars mas paid to Aaron Barnett on a contract made mith him, by the said Littlefield, rel- ative to the navigation and trade of the Chattabooche river, and fur steamboats. Fifty thousand dollars mere paid to a certain railroadin North Carolina on accopntof a large claim made by it against said Littlefield. One hundred and foot thousand dol- lars mere paid to J. B. Clarke, the brothr-in-lawv of Littlehneld, pars of tehich teas on account of a judgement obtained by the United Statrs against the Pensacola and Georgia railroad. Fifty thousand dollars tee paid toO .W. Smepson, and about twenty thusand dollars Sn a Tennessee bank, both of wvhich payments snere on account of private transactions of said Littlefield. I have specified the faregoing amounts of money misappropriated, basing the statement on particular and reliable information as to the remaining sums charged in the ac- count,mwhether paidor unpaid. I am informed that there are likewvisesunjustifiable demands against the board fund, arising nut of teansactions foreign In the purposes fur tehich the bonds 278 CARPETBAG OULE IN FLORtDA. blt, the entire loss of the fords provided by late in aid of the railroad. I sendberemitb anewspaprwhich contains anac count stated to bave been mode by S. WV. Hopkins & Co., of NeweYork hich account, l am informed, contains in many respect s correct statements of payments made by said herm, by ordrofofficersof the railroad company, from moneypeceiced by Hopkins & Cu. from John Collinson, of London, for a,Soo of the State bonds tehich Hopkins & Co., wrhen acting an agents of the railroad company, sold to him. A portion of theumouns eharged in the account,Iuam informed, hasuneser been paid. I am nut, of course, able to state with prescision tehat mere the actual payments made by Hopkins & Ca. out of the funds, but tonthebest of my information it exceeds sin hundred thousand dollars. Of this large amount I am satsied, from examinatin of the items in the accoiut, not more than one hundred and sesenty-fie thousand doll ars mere applied to the equipment, constructionnorrepaireof thenailroad. A large sum, about three hundred thousand dollaes, S am informed mat paid so patties from tehom Milton S. Littlefield purchased shunts of stock in the Florida Central Railroad, and mhich stuck he claims so be his proprty. About Shfy thousand dollars teas paid to Aaron Burnett on a contract made mith him, by the said Littlefield, eel- ative In the navigation and trade of Ike Chattahooche ricer, and for steamboats. Fifty thousand dollars tee paid to a certain railroad in NorthCarolinauon aCCoytuof a large claim made by it against said Littlefield. One hundred and four thousand dul- lars mere paid to J. B. Clarke, the brother-in-lawe of *Littlefield, part of wehich was on atccount of a judgement ohtained by the United States against the Pensacola and Gorrgia railroad. Fifty thuand dollars mere paid tu G .W. Strepsun, and about twenty thusand dollars In a Tennessee hank, both of tehich payments were en aceount uf private transactions of said Littlefield. I have specified the foregoing amounts of money misappropriated, basing the statement on particular and reliable information as to the remaining skins charged in the ac- count, wahether paid or unpaid. I am informed that thee are likewisettnjustifiable demands against the board fund, arising nut of transactions foreign In the purposes fur tehich the bonds 278 CARPtETBAG RULE IN FLORA. ble, the entire loss of the funds provided by late in aid of the railroad. I send herewith a newespaper whbich contains an c cunt stated to base hers made by S. WV. Hopkins & Co., of New York, which account, Ilam informed, contains in mony respects correct statements of payments made by said herm, by order of officers of the railroad company, from money receiced by Hopkins & Cu. from Juhn Collitsson, of London, for a,8oo of the State bonds tehich Hopkins & Cu., when acting as agents of theerailroad company, sold tohim. A portionuofthe amounts charged ikte aceount, Ilam informed, has never been paid. I am not, of course, able so stare teith prescision tehat tee the actual payments made by Hopkins & Co. out of the funds, but touthebest of my information it exceeds sin hundred thusand dollars. Of this large amount I am satisfied, from examination of the items in the asicouant, not more than one hundred and seventy-five thousand dollars mere upplied to the equipment, construction or repair of the railroad. A large sum, about three hundred thousand dollars, I am informed weas paid to parties from tebom Milton S. Litlfireld purchased shores of stock in the Florida Central Railroad, and mhich stock hr claims to be his property. About Skfy thousand dollars mat paid to Aaron Barnett on a coutract made with him, by the said Littlefield, rel- ative to the navigation and trade of the Chattahooche river, and for steamboats. Fifty thusand dollars mere paid so a certain railroad in North Carolina on accopt of a large claim made by it against said Littlefield. One hundred and four thousand dol- laes tere paid to J. B. Clarke, the brother-in-lawe of'Littlefield, part of tehich teas on account of a judgement obtained by she United States against the Fensacola and Georgia railroad. Fifty thousand dollars mere paid In G .W. Smepsun, and about twenty thusand dollars In a Tennessee bash, both of which payments mere on account of private transactions of said Littlefield. I have specified the foregoing amounts of money misappropriated, basing the statement on particular and reliable information as In she remaining sums charged in the ac- cunt, whether paid or unpaid. I am informed that there are liksewisetunjustifiable demands against the board fund, arising nut of transactions foreign In the purposes for which the bonds  C~kPIBAGRUL IN LORIA. 079 owereissued. Itwill be observed by the Lgilture, uponox amoination of the account, thot Hopkinos & Co. admoit atoae by theto of 2,8oo boods. The amtount for which they give credit onthis accoootisieohuodredoandinety-seoenothousand nine hoodred ood toweoty dollors;thoaount stated as received perebond, 000 hunded pooueds tereling; froom this oat dedocted teo pouodsperbood forcomooisions, omakiog on 2,8oo bonds tenoty-eight thousand poundtsterliog-abot one hodred and foety thousaod dollars. There also oat dodooted tenty-four Poundperebood-sxy-een touaned tob ueded pods, abootethee houndredoandfoetythoosond dollaes, whbich aote oat deposied inLoodoo toemeet the fiestthreeiostlmentof inteet. ltethusappears frome theaccount,etakingthoe ice at wohich te boneds ate stated to booe been sold aorect (which twill hereeafteappenot tlobetso)tttboee aouoteeceived for o,Soo boocieaeldonetoiitonofoor oundred thousooddol- lr;adyet tetotal credit given in the account is nitne huon- dred aodninety-see lhosd nineehundred atentydol- larst;tosubtoctionooffoor leoodeed thootond dollars ; eqoct to thirty-four pee coot. of the aount foe wehich the bonds ott stoted to leaNe booe, told. Ditottroos at te above tratsottoon mooy appeot, tleroe hod tobeo ptace atnother thaoe by Hopkint & Co. They receioed, itn foot frote, Collintot, onee hondred and tirty-eightepounds teling pet hood, instead of ooe bun- deed pounds, equalto onetoillion ninebhndredandehity thoosood dollart more thao the ntt aounOt foe wnhich ceedit wastfivenby themt, andfivehundred and thirty ahootaod dol- lrmoethatn the tone of money which Hopkint & Co., in the acooot stated at the nel aotreceived by thems foe the bondt. "ttoillheseenbyeferenoe to a lettee signed M. S. Lit- tlefield, doted io Loodon, Noembter 14, t87o, that he offered to sell thehbondtto Hopkins &Co. foronehnded ponds pee hood. 'They, H. & Co., allege they had a eight to credit the boods in teir ccoont ce thot ecee becotse of thit offer, which they attert they acoepted aod acted on. Cottinson stoles inc h ilt in chaocery, biled by hint against Hopkint & Co., that hit cootract forepurchate of the bonds hadhbeenleacdyenom. CARP'IBA RUL IN LORIA. 79 wristood. I wll he observed by the tLegitlature, upyon en. arniootiot, of the accouot, Chat Hopkint & Co. odm~ita sale by themo of a, Soo hoods. The amoont foe twhich they glee ceedit on this account isnin~ehunodred and intey-sevethosand oite hondred and twenty doltast;the aontstated astreceiced yperbond, one honded younds tterlintg; fromto hit ont deducted ten p~oundsoyerbond for commOissionsC, making on c,8oo hoods twentyeihtottadpondtteeltf-aoot one huded and foety thousaand dellars. Trhere alto oas deducted teentyfour poundstpertbod-soey-oecen th~oosandtwo hunedred pounds, aboutthee hundred aodforty thoeond dollors, wchich aount toot depotoed io tLondon to moeet the firsttheeinsttalmoents of inoerestt. It I,,us aptpoetr fromo the account, taking te ptrice a wh~ich tte bonds arestated tohavehbeen told at orrect (twhich wcill hereafte app~ea ottottbso) that tlte aontrteceived for a,8oohboods equaclld onetoillion fourlhundred thousantddol- lart; aod yet theototal credit givenointhe account it iehn deed aodeittcty-sceoe thousand nineltondred and tenty dol- laes ;a sutractiontoffor Ihondred thoosand doll ars; eqoal to thirty-foure pee cet. of the amooot foe which the bonds ate stoted to taco been, oold. Ditatroot at tlhe obooe trannaction may appear, etere hod taboo place another thave by Hopkins & Co. They received, in fact froom, Collioton ott hundred and thirty-eight poundssteling pee hood, tnttead ofooeohun- deed pounds, equal to one million ninebhundred andetity thouand dollart mote that, the net amount foe whbich credit was givenobytheme, andfiehuendred and thirty ahootand dol- lasote than the toum of mooey which Hopkins & Co., it the account tted as the netcamount received by them foe the bondt. "It will beoseenbyeference to a letter tigned M.S. Lit- tlefield, dated in Londoo, Noember 14, 1870, Chat he offered to sell the bondt to Hopkins & Cn. foe one hondred pounds pee bond. They, H. & Co., allege they had a eight to credit the bonds in teir account at that tote becaone of thit offer, which they assert they accepted aod acted n. Collinson statet in c bill in chancery, filed by hint againt Hopkinn & Co., that his contract foe purchase of the bonds had been aleady on. CARPE'IBAG RULE IN FLORIDA. 279 tete ittsued. It w ill he obtersed by te Legislature, upyon en. amninationt of te occounot, that Hopkint & Co. admt o tale by them of a,8oo hood. The am~ount foe which they fist credit on this account is ineolhnded adieyseen thlosandie hondredoand twenty dollarst;theamoutnt stoted atereceived pee bond, ooe hundred younodt sterlintg; fromto hit oat deducted ten pounods perbond forcommisionst, makinf on 2,8oo bonds twentty-eightthtoustand pounodsttetlisf-aotonehnded and fortythousaod dollara. Tbhott alto teat deducteed twenty-four pound peltond-sixty-secen thlouanadtcoahuntdedponds, about three hundred andforty thousand tdollars, twhich amoutnt toot deposited it, London, to mteet the fiest three inestalmoentt of tnterest. It thttt appearstfromtohe accoutnt, takineg theyprice at whichte bottds ate stattd to hose beent told at orteect (wehich toill hoeefterolappeattot tobe so) tat the amcoutnt received foe 2,8oo bontdstequalled ooetoillion fourltuoded thousantd dol- lorst;aod ytctletotal credit given inthe accouoe is tine ban- dred andoniety-secoo thousadonineehundred and twnetydol- larst;asbtaciont of foot huandred thoosand doll ars; equal to thtirty-foue per cent. of the amouot foe which the bonds ate Ceated to taco beon sold. Disastoos as tlte abase tansaction may appear, thee tad Cohen place another thave by Hnpkins & Co. They received, in fact feom, Collintoo one hundred and thirty-eight poundstelintg pee hood, instead of one ban- deed poun~ds, equal to oneotilliononine hundred andthity thoutaod dollars more that, the net amount fnr wehich credit weasgivenby theom,and fivehndred and thirty abootand dot- late mote than the som of money which Hopkint & Co., in the account stated astheoetameount receivedhby them for the bondt. "Itoillhe een byefereneto a letter signed M.S. Lit- tlefield, dated in London, November 14, 187o, Chat he offered tonsell thehbonds to Hopkins & Co. foe one hundred pottnds pee bond. They, H. & Co., allege they had a eight to credit the hoods in Cheit accoonC 01 that rte becausn of this offer, wthich they assert they accepted and acted on. Cottinson states in a bill in chancoy' , Siled by him against Hopkins & Co., that histcontract for purchase of the bonds hadbeen already com.  I8O CARPETBAGORULE Its FLORIDA. pleted whets Littlefield wrote the letter abort orated; that Little- field koew the fool; aod it alto appears, by a Sworn otate meet made by Hopkins & Ca., that tbey did not accept Littlefield's offeor ont it two months after they had made the sale so Callison. "Twelcr hundred ofthe faoerhosaod bonds remainsed its she hands of Hopkins &Co. an October, 1871, and are specified inoadeed of teust madebysthe companytoa. H. Flagg and C. L. Chase, aod areherehy conceyed instrust to be applied solely to the constractiaon of the ounfinished portin ofthecaoad. These trussees laid before the members of the Legislatore as its last ssina lettr ssigned hy them, is which they submit estracts from this deed, state the objects of it, aod asseet that op to that time they had not receiced aoy mooey from the sales of the botsds. This was true at that timc. Sioce thcts C. L. Chase, otseof said trustees, obtaited apowerof attorney haom the offi- cers of the railroad company, and untder it placed boehunsdred atsdtsitsrty of the boodsis the haodsof L. P.Bayse,of New Yorks, givitsg at tame time Hophitss & Co. a release of all lia- bility la the railroad compasy, as a meatss of obtaitsitsg posses- siotsof said botsds, one hundredatsd eighty-sio of which Chase sold to Colbisos, atsd paid to Bayne aboutlaoe hatsdeed than- satsd dollars io fold from proceeds, to be credited by Baytsr ots atsaccoutst which hersetsoup against therailroad for damages, amontitsg to two hatsdred thousatsd dollars, foe a breach of cotract, made by Littlefield with him, by which Baytse was so be employed so sell the batsds. This claim Chase liqaidated at oeehutndred atsdhffty thousand dollars, aod securd to Baytne the otsehundeed and oinety hoods. Chase, also,asatorsey, agreed, in addition to the cash paid to Payne, to secue him olt ofsthe futoresales of suchof the oethosand twohnded botsds ashe might get passessiaon of, a furthee sumsfficietta makeup the amountatofoe huodred and fiftysthaousand dollars. Chase, as ageot of the road, alto agreed to pay Payne from the sales of the bands, and from othcer resoueces helonging to the railroad, a farther sum of one hundred andfiftyethousatsddol- tars, which Baync claimed he had adcatsccd to Littlefield foe the pueposesaof the railroad, and foe which behbad in possession abous foor hundred thousand dollars of State hoods, called six 280o CARPEToAG RULE tN FLORIDA. pleted swhen Littlefield wrote the letter aboce stated; that Little- field htsew the fact; atsd it also appears, by a smarts statement made by Hopkins & Ca., that they did not accept Littlefield's offer antil two mooths after they had made the sale to Callinsas. 4'Twelvcrhundredof the fouathosaod bonds eemained in the hands of Hopkins & Co. in October, s87s, aod are specified in aderdaof trust maderbykhe companytoP. H. Flagg and C. L. Chate, and are hereby caoceycd in trnst to be applied solely so the construction of the unfinishcd portion of the road. These trustees laid hefore the members of the Lcgislature at its last ssina letter sigoed by them, in wchick they submit exsracts from this deed, state thc objccts of is, and assert that op so shot time they had not ceceiced anty mosey from the tales of the bands. This was tre at that time. Since tkco C. L. Chase, one of said trostecs, obtained apoweeof attorney fram the offi- cersnof therailrad company, ansdunder itplaced behnded atsdtsinety of the bondsis therhandsof L. P. Payne, of New York, givitsg at same time Haphins & Co. a release af all lia- bility to the railroad company, as a means of obtainitsg passes- sisnaof saidhbonds, one hatsdred and eighty-tin of which Chase sold to Collissoo, atsd paid to Payne aboutssne hundred than. sand dollars in gold fram proceeds, to he aerdised by Bayne on anaccount which hesetstup against theerailroad fordamages, amounting to two handed thousand dollars, for a breach of costracs, made by Littlefield with him, by which Ba yne was to be employed to sell the bondt. This claim Chase liquidated at oekhndred and fifty thoasasd dollars, atsdscuredto Baytsr thr osehunded and tsinety bonds. Chase, also, as attorney, agreed, in addition to she cash paid to -ayoe, ta secure him oat of the fatuate sales ofsuch of theonetosansdtwohundred bonds as he mightsget possession of, a furtheresumsufficient to makeoupthe amountofaone handred andbfiftybthosand dollars. Chase, as agent of the road, also agreed to pay Payne from the sales of the hoods, asd tram othcr resources belonging so the railroada farther saw of oneahsnded andhfftyhassd do- tars, which Payne claimed he bad advanced to Littlefield for the pueposes of she railroad, and foe which be had in possessiats aboutfaourknndred thoasaod dollars of State bands, called six r8o CARPETBAG RULE ID FLORIDA. pleted when Littlefield wrote the letter abace stated; that Little- field knew the fac; and it also appearshy a sworn statement made by Hopkiss & Ca., shot they did 001 accept Listlefield's offer util two months aftre they had made she sale to Caliosao. "Twelce hundeedof thefaourthosand bonds remaincd in the hands of Hopkins & Ca. is Octobee, st7 r, and are specified in adeedaof trust made by thcompany to. H. Flagg and C. L. Chase, and are herebycaocveyed intrust to be applied solely to the consruction of the onfinished portion afrke road. These trustees laid befoce the members of the tegislatutre at its last session a letter signed by them, in which they ssbmit cssracts from this deed, state the objects of is, and asscrt that op to that time they had or received any maney from she sates of the batsds. This was teae at that time. Since thea C. L. Chase, ooe of said trueasr, obtaioed apaweraf attaoey from the offi- cers of the railroad company, and underritplaced be hundred andtsintsry of thebaods in the hands of L. P. Bayne, at New Yorh, giving at same time Hopkins & Ca. a release of all lia- bility la the railroad company, as ameasof obtainitsgpssrs- sn of said bonds, one hundred and eighty-sin of which Chase sold to Cntlinsats, atsdpaid toayse ahotnone huntdred thaou- sand dollars in gold fain proceeds, to hr credited by Bayne ots anaccount whichhersetsoup against therrailroad fordamages, amounting to two hundred thousand dollars, for a breach of rostract, made by Littlefield with him, by which Baytsr was to be employed to sell the bonds. This claim Chase liqoidated at onerhaodred and fifty thontand dellars, andosecoredrto Payne theronehundeed andninety bonds. Chase, also, as attoreny, agreed, io addition to the cash paid In -ayoe, toasecnre him ont ofrkhe fntraesales of suchof the osethouand twohnded boods ashe might get passession of, a further sumsufficienosto makeup the amountofasne hundred aodfiftythaousand dollars. Chase, as agent of she road, also ageeed to pay Payne from the sales af the bondt, aod from other eesorcet belonging so the railroad, a farther sow of ooehndeed atdfifty thousand dl- tars, which Payne claimed he had adcaoced to Littlefield for the parposes of the eailroad, and foe which he had in possemion aboutfonrkhundred thansand dollarssof State boodt, cnlled six  CARPETBAG RULE IN FLORIDA. 281 per cent. bonds, as collateral, which bonds Bayne has been pressing the Legislature to redeem for several years, and his debt has been represented by those who supported his request, as a debt due by the State for money advanced by Bayne for the benefit of the State. Chase, -also, as attorney for the road, agreed with the agents of the Western Division of the Western North Carolina Railroad, to apply two hundred thousand dollars out of the proceeds of the sale of the s2o bonds so remaining unsold, whenever payment therefor should be received from Collinson, to pay towards a debt due by Littlefield to said road. The balance of said debt he agreed should be secured and paid by the Jacksonville, Pensacola and Mobile Railroad in like man- ner as was agreed for the payment to Bayne. "The debt claimed by the North Carolina Railroad to be due to it by Littlefield, arose out of his connection and that of George W. Swepson with the business of said road. Littlefield has been indicted in North Carolina on account of his acts as President of sucb road. He was demanded of your predecessor by the Governor of North Carolina, but owing, as I am in- formed, to certain proceedings in our State courts, he was not delivered up. ''C. L. Chase, acting under the power of attorney, given to him by the Jacksonville, Pensacola and Mobile Railroad, and also in his capacity as trustee under the deed of trust, united in New York in November or December last, with the agents of the North Carolina Railroad, L. P. Bayne and others, and pro- cured and caused to be entered in a court in the City of New York a decree whereby the Jacksonville, Pensacola and Mobile Railroad and the trustees consented that the bonds remaining unsold (except 224 which are to be returned to the State), are to be delivered to Collinson, who is to have the right to buy at any time inside of seven months. ff Collinson does purchase, the price of the bonds is to be paid by him to the National Trust Company, of New York City, by-it to be kept subject to the said decree, which provides that the money shall be paid out as follows: The North Carolina Railroad is to receive $2onoo; L. P. Bayne $60,ooo; Chase and his company, $8o,ooo; Aaron Barnett $30,000; Calvin Littlefield $25,ooo; Collinson's lawyer, per cent. bonds, as collateral, which bonds Bayne has been pressing the Legislature to redeem for several years, and his debt has been represented by those who supported his request, as a debt due by the State for money advanced by Bayne for the benefit of the State. Chase, -also, as attorney for the road, agreed with the agents of the Western Division of the Western North Carolina Railroad, to apply two hundred thousand dollars out of the proceeds of the sale of the 1,2 bonds so remaining unsold, whenever payment therefor should be received from Collinson, to pay towards a debt due by Littlefield to said road. The balance of said debt he agreed should be secured and paid by the Jacksonville, Pensacola and Mobile Railroad in like man- ner as was agreed for the payment to Bayne. "The debt claimed by the North Carolina Railroad to be due to it by Littlefield, arose out of his connection and that of George W. Swepson with the business of said road. Littlefield has been indicted in North Carolina on account of his acts as President of such road. He was demanded of your predecessor by the Governor of North Carolina, but owing, as I am in- formed, to certain proceedings in our State courts, he was not delivered up. ''C. L. Chase, acting under the power of attorney, given to him by the Jacksonville, Pensacola and Mobile Railroad, and also in his capacity as trustee under the deed of trust, united in New York in November or December last, with the agents of the North Carolina Railroad, L. P. Bayne and others, and pro- cured and caused to be entered in a court in the City of New York a decree whereby the Jacksonville, Pensacola and Mobile Railroad and the trustees consented that the bonds remaining unsold (except 24 which are to be returned to the State), are to be delivered to Collinson, who is to have the right to buy at any time inside of seven months. ff Collinson does purchase, the price of the bonds is to be paid by him to the National Trust Company, of New York City, by-it to be kept subject to the said decree, which provides that the money shall be paid out as follows: The North Carolina Railroad is to receive $2oo,ooo; L. P. Bayne $6o,ooo; Chase and his company, $8o,ooo; Aaron Barnett $3o,ooo; Calvin Littlefield $25,ooo; Collinson's lawyer, per cent. bonds, as collateral, which bonds Bayne has been pressing the Legislature to redeem for several years, and his debt has been represented by those who supported his request, as a debt due by the State for money advanced by Bayne for the benefit of the State. Chase,-also, as attorney for the road, agreed with the agents of the Western Division of the Western North Carolina Railroad, to apply two hundred thousand dollars out of the proceeds of the sale of the 1,2oo bonds so remaining unsold, whenever payment therefor should be received from Collinson, to pay towards a debt due by Littlefield to said road. The balance of said debt he agreed should be secured and paid by the Jacksonville, Pensacola and Mobile Railroad in like man- ner as was agreed for the payment to Bayne. "The debt claimed by the North Carolina Railroad to be due to it by Littlefield, arose out of his connection and that of George W. Swepson with the business of said road. Littlefield has been indicted in North Carolina on account of his acts as President of such road. He was demanded of your predecessor by the Governor of North Carolina, but owing, as I am in- formed, to certain proceedings in our State courts, he was not delivered up. "C. L. Chase, acting under the power of attorney, given to him by the Jacksonville, Pensacola and Mobile Railroad, and also in his capacity as trustee under the deed of trust, united in New York in November or December last, with the agents of the North Carolina Railroad, L. P. Bayne and others, and pro- cured and caused to be entered in a court in the City of New York a decree whereby the Jacksonville, Pensacola and Mobile Railroad and the trustees consented that the bonds remaining unsold (except 224 which are to be returned to the State), are to be delivered to Collinson, who is to have the right to buy at any time inside of seven months. If Collinson does purchase, the price of the bonds is to be paid by him to the National Trust Company, of New York City, by-it to be kept subject to the said decree, which provides that the money shall be paid out as follows: The North Carolina Railroad is to receive $200,000; L. P. Bayne $6o,ooo; Chase and his company, $8o,ooo; Aaron Barnett $30,000; Calvin Littlefield $25,ooo; Collinson's lawyer,  282 CAROPETBAG RULE IN FL.ORIDA. Hopkins' laswyer, receiver oe., about $25,ooo, oatd tundry othe- susaeto be paid auting to moro than the soto for wthich the bootds still sell. I sholl he ahie to lay before yoo a copy of thit decee. "I oamifoomedlthat the railroad comepanyhastassented to the entry of judgmetossio Godsden Circuit Coott an faor of Chase d hit copartetrs, wtho stere costraos to cooteoct the tood to Mobile, doing bussinoett oodeheostyle of the Flotida Cootrtono Cotopatty. Trho judgent is osterted to he fiee forttmoney duethecoompotnyfor work done ontheodadm- teriolfureoished. Ioam assoredthat of the amount forwhich judgtment teas tohen tots thon twso-thirds is foe mtoney foe whlichs ste rood it cot liohle, ood as to mtsters ditconncted wcith itt cocstroction. I amolso itnformeod thot Chose received of Boyne cearly foety thoosond dollars its cocnectiont with the sole of the bonds,oand port of sloe tsts of onte hondred thoosansdtwhich Chase secored so Boyce. The Florido Construction Cottpany caused thetsteatoboatstohichtheorailroadcotopany owned to he attached in Georgia its a suit hosed on the said judfmtss, and the heats mete sold foe a smtall sutt. Theerailroadhbeing thteey uncableoto catty freight on the river, earninft fell shot a seey laegs atmounet of what they should hace hoots. To othee judg- ents hose heens ohtained ins Gadsdens counoty agaist the toil- road, and onssthefist Monday of Januarey last twcenty toilet of thesrod, wshich hodhbenttleied otsuder execustions issuedos the sevealtjudgtoents, scoot told hy the sheriffad the poe- chaser is its possessiont and claimts to hold itndepensdent and free tsf the lien of the State adeetheeto. No notice of this illegal sate toot givetn to the State authorities hy the railroatd cotopany, so far aslIamtiforetd, and noappiction wassmadestthe corst rvn he sale. "As the last tesm of the UtsitedbStates Circuit Cotte, held its Jacsonville, certain peesocs, citizens of other Stases, ohtaineda deceeehytheeconseot and asistance of the Presidet, MiltsnS. Littlefield, hy wohich the toattshal of the Noetherts District is di- rested to tahe possession of that portion of the line of rod he- tween Lahe City and Quicy, ad hetween Tallahassee and St. Maths, and to sell the same at pubhic oustcry to satisfy and pay a Hopkins' lawcyer, reeiver etc., ahout $a5,oot, assd sundry other sumts ate tohbe paid atounetingf to tos thahothe suto foe whitS the hocds mitl sell. t shalt ho ohio to opy hefore pou a copy of this decree. "I a.tinsformesdthat thetrailroad comspansyhas attssed to the tetry of jodgents its Gadsden Circoit Coat its favor of Chase and his copartners, woho wcere contractors to construct the toad so Mohile, doing hbusinessonderthostyle of the Florida Constructions Cotopany. 'Phe judgment is asserted to he gien for money due theocotopanyfor orkedonte on the road and ma. terialtofurnished. toto assured tha oftheamount for which judgmene t aes tmorte thee tmwo-thirds is foe money foe tohichs tise toad is cot liahle, and as to mottoers disconnected wtoih its constructiont. I atoalso informedsthatChaeteeceived ofBaynet stearly forty thousand dollas inaoetiono mitS the sate of the honds, and part of the suto of oee hundred thousand mhich CShate secuted so Bayne. The Florida Contructions Company catsed the steamboats which the railroad cotopany owned to he attached its Ceorgia its a solo hosed ontt he said judgment, and sloe hoots mote sold foreasmall sm. The rilroaddbeingthereby uneable to catty freight onthe oioer, toarnins fell shoot a veep large amount of wohat they should beet hoes. Tweo other judg- meets hoot beets obtaiined its Gadsdent county against the toil- toad, andoneshfirst Monday of January lt twenty miles of theeroad, whichhodhbeenetevied on ueder eecutions isseon the several judgets, mete sold by the sheriff, and the pur- chaster is its possession and claims to hold independet and fret of the liec of the State adversettheeto. No notice of this illegal tale met given to the State authorities by the sailteed company, soafarastI am infortmed, and no applicationemas mode toethe courts to preent the sale. "At the last term of the United States Circuit Coast, held in Jacksonville, cetaist persons, citiatens of other States, obtained a deocree by the consentandessistantce of the President, Milton S. Littlefield, by tohich the marshal of the Northerst District is di- rected so take pssession of that portiont of the line of rstad he. ste Lobe City and Quincy, ad between Tallahassee and St. Maths, and to sell the tame at poblic soutcry to satisfy and pap a Hopkins' lamyer, receiver etc., aout $25, ooo, and sundry othesr sutos a00 to he paid amtounting so eoe thot he toes foe which the bonds will sell. I shall he able so lap before yea a copy of this decree. "Itamoiforeod thattheailod company hs assentedto the testry ef jusdgmenots in Gadsdent Circoit Coosrt its favor of Chae and his coparsters, who wote contractors to constroct the rsoad to Mlobilo, doing bosiness onder the style of the Floreida Conestruction Company. 'fhe judgment iseasserted to be gien for moneyduesthecompantyformworkdonentheroad and ma setial furnsished. I am assuted that of the amousnt foe whiche jodgmoent mat tahen mote thee two-thirds is foe montey fat tohicht thesoad is ntot liable, and as so matters disconetctedmwithits constructions. toe s o infbormed that Chose receiced of Bapne stearly forty thousaod dollars its conection mith the sale of the bonds,and part of the sum of otto hundred thousand wohich Chase secured so Boyce. The Florida Consstructiont Company caused the steamboats wshich the railroad company oed to ho attached its Gorgia it a suit hosed ste the said judgent, andi slhe hoots mete sold foroaemall som. Theerailroaed beingthereby ounabletcarry feight onthe river, tearnings fell shoot a ery large amount of what they should hace boost. Tmo other judg- entes bae beets obtained in Gaden coonty against the tail- toed, and onthe fist Monday of January lest stetsy etles of theeroad, sthich hadbenleviedon uner executions issoed on the seeral judgments, mete sold by the sheiffead the pur- chaster is its possessiont and claims to hold inependet and free of the lee of she State aderese thertso. No ntice of this illegal sale mat givent to the State athorities by the railrotad company, toafartasI am informed, and notapplication wsta made to the ourots to prevent the sale. "At the lest teem of tht UcisedStotes Circoit Cout, held is Jacksonville, certain persons, citizens of athet States, obtained a decreeobytht onsentand assistance of the Pesidet, MilttenS. Littlefiold, by which the marshsal of the Northern Distioct is di- rected so take possession of that portion of the line of rstad he- tmeen Lake City and Quincy, and between Tallahassee and St. Marks, and to sell the same at public otcry so satisfy and pap a  CARPETBAG RULE IN FLORIDA 283 CARPETBAG RULE IN FLORIDA. 2S3 CARPETBAG RULE IN FLORIDA. 283 sum of foure hunRdred thousantd dollars, r theeaouts, befog the aounost ofyprinciplond inteestofbonds istood by the Pensa- colaand GeogiaoRalroad wRich~ wRt Rmade by the trstees of the intoernal imoemtent foond. Thoe holders of these hods weentpaid becaose sloe trustees tookltsle chiec Rf Georege WV. Smpsoooscaolh,oolhichocheck hasoneoerbeoopid. Atothe tie wthenthe dcrtoeesrederdinthe Uoitod Stotestircuit Court,tletroadsoasiothe haodsofoaoocoive, apointedbysthe jusdge of the Socod jodicial circuit,oatloesuittofcetaieo paoties. The suit ws fterwartds dismoissod, and thereuon, by order of the jodge of the State Couet, the OrcivrO fete op posession of theroadeandthe Uied Sttes lartshottook postsessioof it msdetheoouthority ofsthe decroe of the Uoiteol Soates Circoit Cout. Aeoeioehodhbeeo iopossooionocftheroodoondoeoa oedet mode by tho jodgo of the Fihth ioout of tho Staeo is suit brought by the trotees of the inteorool improvement food, hot the judge of the Socood circuit treated the ordoer os ooll, and put his omn teceic ee in possession, os hofoso ototed. I emin formedsthatsaeofstheoroad illhbesodehyhesoeshl in0 fews wseeks, onless peteensed hy jodiciol ctosooty. it is shot eppateos shot she lies of she State ottaelargo portos' of she lice ofeailroad owoedhytheJasonille, Peoooacoleond Mohdle Redlroed, isio daogeref beingfenodered isecure, cod thatsthe earnin'gs wsill he apylied hy those wsho puetchese the toed at the sole onder she logal proceedings of the lSeste. The entire ocheme oferailwoaycoonectioomith Mohdle will he shot destroyedoond the Stae greatly domaged. Thit tesels is not only the eosse- quenee of she illegel ct5 of she officers of tho Jcksonville, Pen- saolo cod Mobile Roileoed, the result of she feess feauds is so- spes' tosthehbonds, bhs bheenided overtdy asd coveetlyhby the Peesidents of the toed. Thes porsion of hote of she toed he- ttes' Loke Cloy cod joobsosodoe is else is she hoods of a te- s'eiver, aod is opereted by him as 00 indopendont toed. This soil is' sehiob she receier met appointed was brought so stah- lish the elaim of a poesy ssho alleges that he hot stock is' she core- posaios' by wshich seid poet of the lioe of she Jeoksonville, Pes'- socola cod Mobile Redlroed moo formeely essoed, cod alleges that the Florida Ceotral Railroad, whbichsswas formed hy those sum of foot hondeed thoosaoddollas, 00 thereebouts being the amountsof pricipayl andinteresof hoods issood by she Pose- colaand Georgio Railroadoich wtao osodeloy she trostees of she inteenal imoeente hoed. 'lie holdees of those hoods mete cot paidl becauste trstees oo tchdeclchkofGorge W. Sstopsoo as cooh, tohich cheockhlos noeer been paid. As sthe dim eo enedeceeewssroendeeed indoelied Statesticoit Courtteeroadooas inothehdofoaeooceioe, eppointed by sloe judgo of she Seocond jodicial circoot, ot doe soitsof certainopres. Thestosfterweeds dismtissed, aod thereuons, by order of the joudge of she Stete Coot, she receioer gave oy posseossion of theroadoanddtheUited Seates "Marshalstookposessionof it ooder she aothority of dte decree of dse Unoited lototes Circuit Coert. Areciv-erohodbeoniocosoesoioofstheroedeonderan oeder mode by she jodge of she Fifth ciecoit of sho Stte, ic suitbrooghshbyhetroseesfdohioernl imoemeotfud, hot she judge of she Secood circoit teaoed she oeder es oull, aod yes his con receiover in posoessioo, oo befoeeosttd. I am so- formedthctsale ofbheeroadmwllbesodey toeoeshl is'a fewmmeeksoofnessypeeed by joudicial cotoreity. Is is shot apaent shot she ties of tho Stase o a laege poesion of she list of railroed oo ed by she Jacksonv-ille, Penscola and Moile Railroadisindaogerofbeigedeed iecore,cand doosthe oernings mill he opplied hy those woc porchae the toed as she tale under she legal prtoceediogs of the lSeate. Thse tentirescheme of teds'sy conooecdioo mish Mobile will he shot deoteoyed eed tho Stose greaetly demagod. This resolt s os only she conse- quencoe of she illegal acts of she offies of she Jeckonvcdlle Pen- saole ood Mobdle Railrood, she result of she gross frauds is' to- specttothe bonds, hot hot ben ided ocvedty and Rcoedty by the Peesideot of she eroad. Thas portion of lice of the road be- ttes' Lobe City cod jeohsoooile is also in she beods of o e eiere, and iseoperctedhbyhimcas co ondependens toed. This sit is' which the tectieo s appointed moo brought to estab- lish the claim' of e potty who elleges thas he has stoch is' the cot- porationohysehich said port of she lote of theoJcktonvill, Pen'- sas'ola asd Mobilt Railtoad sees foemerly ooned, cod elleges that the FloridaCentrealRailroad,owhichmws formed by those sum' of foue hondred thooseod dolls, crtheeboucos, beiog tho a'mount ofeincipaloadinteest of hoods isooed by doeoPenoa- eolaand eoegiacRilroadswich occoomadehythetscteesof she interol impoemoent funod. floe boldes of these hoods mete coo paidbtecause she trsesookhle checkhofGeorge W. dstoooasocoasmlwichbcheckhhocn-verloeeoyoid. Atodse dimeo nhe decee wasenoderedin sloe Unoited Saes Ciecuit Coot, doe toed was in she hondo of aOrcciver, appointedhby she judge of the eccondodicil cicuit, ottsuoitofetinyoes. Tyhesoits aterwmrsd dicoissed,cood theopoohy order cf the jodge of she Stose Cooss, sloe receiv-er gave oy posseodoon of thetroad anddte United dSotatMashtbookossoessionof it codete uthorityofdtoedeceeofte Uied SttCict Cost. Aereceierehodeenioo yssessioc fetheceadeundeeean order mode by dse jodge of she Fifth ocictcfsthe State, inc suitbrooghtsby theoseossees of toelonteroal impyrovemeos food, hot she judge of the Soecood deedsi treosed she order as sell, aod pet his oin eeceiere in posssion, 00 bcfcre sated. I em is- foredsthatsaoleofstheroedmwillbe mde b hyemashl insa loin sceeks, uoless psoeoened by jodiciol aothority. Is is shot apparto that she lien of the State on a large possion of stheln oftrailrod ownedbyshe JcsonviltleoPnsclaad Mobie Raileoad, isinodangerofheigedeed inece,and thatsthe earn'ings will ho appyiodby those who purchase she road as she sole uoder she logal peoceedings of she lSeate. Tlhe entire scheme ofedsewayconnecdionmith Mchile will ho shot detroyedoand she State getsly damaged. This rst is cot ooly the conse- ques'ce of she dllegal acts of she officers of sloe Jaehckoovile, Pes'- scola cod Mohdle Rairdee she tesolt of she grctss focods is e spettosthebonds, bet hashbeen aided overtly cod cooetly by she Peesidens of she road. Thas portion of hone of she eroad ho- tseens Lobe City cod Jechoooile is else io the hoods ofare ceiveran'dis operatedby him as as' indopendoos road. This sis' se hich she teceiee moo appointed sees broughtstoestab- lish she claime of a poesy wo alleges shot he hot stock is' the cot- poretios' by wshich said pat of she hone of she Jacksonvodle, Pes'- scola cod Mobdoe Railreoad sees formsesly omoed, andlleges shot the Flotida Centeal Raidroad, wehich moo fosmed by those  284 CARPETBAG RULE IN FLORIDA. who purchased said line oferoad at asale thereof in 1869, by the teustees, it still the ownter theeeof, and still in eistence andecor- poratin, nocor wsa meged in tho company called the Jackson- ville, Pensacola and Mobile Railroad; that lbhe issuance of the State bonds basod onsocb a lineoferoad wasilegal,oandethat tbe Stale hat no lien on the toad. I" t will be teen tbat the State is deoply intetested in thin qoention. The principal owner of the stock in the Florida Cen. tent Rood is Milton S. Littlefield. He puechased the greatee poet of the stock with money which ho ohtained foomtophins & Co. outof theoprocods ofthe salo of thea,SonSotehbonds. Henhasendeavoredto kep spartehebsinss occounts of the line formerly owned by the Flnoida Central Rood, and by his votes and that of otheos he has kept on footoasepaeate set of offices,ouch asresidentoand irectors ofsid CentalRoad. By the teems of the low undee which she State bonds wete issued to the Ponsocola ond Mobile Raileroad the erod mastoI pay interest to the Stale eoch sin months, and the Stole was to poy interest to the bondholdees. The fond peovided by last to pay such inteest was to be derioed from the netcenings of the eod. It was asseted bythe company thatswhenothectad shotuldbetepaieed, equipped and extended from Quincy to the river-twenty miles-the earnings would he toicient to pay interest on the tone million dollaes. Tbeesult has been othee- wise. The eaenings have not increased; the toad hashbeen and is oet of repair; the eolling stock has run down and been de- steoyed by teason of the hod condition of the toad. The expenses hone been geeat; ennemous salaries, otteely beyond the basiness done, havehbeen paid, andtaelage amount f the eaen- ings has been spent in litigation and in impeopee and illegal ways. The etrttoexpenses which hove been, by the placing of the road at various timtes in bonds of receers of couts, should hove beenoavoided. Owing to theone casesonterest has been paid by the toad to the State to enable it to pay the interest on State bonds. tam assured, howevee, that alltthetinterestcoupons op tn this date have been cancelled, and that all wilt be deliveted to the State. I eegret, howeoee, to leatn that this tesult hashbeen obtained by appropriating money paid by Cnttinmon foe bonds; that 084 CARETBAGn RULE tIt FLORIDA. who purchased said hote of toad al a salt thereof in t869,hy th e trustees, is stilt the ownerethereof, aod stilltin eistence and co- poration, nevot was merged in the company called the Jackson- ville, Poosacola and Mohilo Railrcad; that the issuance of the State bondskbased ononuch a lineoforoad was ilegal, andshat the State has no lien on the toad. '' It will he teen that the State is doeply intterested in this question. The principal ownee of she stock is she Floeida Cen- teat Road is Milton S. Littlefield. He puechased the geatee part of the stock wish money which he obtained from'Hnpkins & Co. ot of the proceeds of the sole of the a,8on State bAnds. He has endeavored to beep separate thebusiness accounts of the hone foemeely owned by the FloridtaCentral Road, and by his votes and that of others he has kept on foot aseparte set of officers,osuchas President and Directors ofsaid Cental Road. By the Bowms of the law under which the State bonds wete issued so she Pensacola and Mobile Railroad the eoad was so pay interess to the Slate each sin months, and the Slate was to pay interest to the bondholdees. The fond peovided by law to pay such interets oto he derived from the net earntings of the toad. It was asseesed by the company that when she toad shodld be tepaited, equipped and exsended feom Quincy to she tivr-twenty mtiles-the tenings mould be sufficient to pay intetest en the foot million dollaes. Tbeeresult has been othet- wise. Tbe earnngs haenot inceased; theeroad hasheen and is out of repair; theeroling stock has eon down and been do- steoyed by reason of the hod condition of she toad. The exptnses have been greatl enrmous salarits, ottetly heyondthe bosinesdone, have beenpid, andatlarge amount of theten- ings has been spent in litigation and in impeopee and illegal ways. The extrt expenses which have been, by the placing of the toad at various times in hands of teceivers of courts, should hoot been avoided. Owing to these cantos no intetess boo been paid by the toad to the State to enable it to pay the interest on State bonds. I am assoted, howevee, that alt the interest cooupons op to this date hoot been cancelled, and that alt wilt he deliveted to she State. I tegeet, however, to teats that thiseresolt has been obtained by approptiating mooney paid by Cntlinsn foe bonds; that 084 CARPETBAG RULE tN FLORIDA. who purchased said line oferodat a sate theteof in x869, by the trustees, is still tho owner thoeteof, and stilt in existence and coo- poratin, neveo was merged in the compony called the Jackson- ville, Pensacola and Mobile Raiload; that she issnance of the State bondsobased on such a line of toad was illegal, and that she State has no lion on she road. "It will he teen that the State is deeply intterested in this qoestion. Theypinci~pal owneof the stock in the Floida Cen teal Rotd is Milton S. Littlefield. He puochosed she greatoer poet of the stock with money which he obtained from'Hophins & Co. ott of the peoceeds of the sale of tho 2,800 State bonds. He has endeavored tn keep separate thehbusiness accounts of she line formerly owned by the Florida Central Road, and by his votesoand that of othees he has kept on foot aspatse set of oficerts, scc as President and Diroctots of mid Central Road. By the terms of the lam undee which the State bonds mere issued to the Pensacola and Mobile Raileoad the toad was to pay intetest to she State each sin months, and the State was to pay intetest to the bondholdees. The food peovided by law to pay such interest was to be derived from the net earnings of the toad, Is was assetted by the company that when the toad shouddbeepaited, equipped and extended from Qoincy to the tiver-twenty mites-the eatniogs wtould he sufficiene Is pay intetest on the foot million dollarsL The tesult has been othet- wise. The earnings have not inceased; theroadhashteenoand is ot of repati the rolling stock has eon down and been do- stroyed by teason of the bad condition of the toad. The expenses have been Stoat; ennemous salares, utterly beyond the business done, have been paid, andatlarge amoont of the totn- ings has been spent in litigation and in impropee and illegal ways. The eotea expenses which kayo been, by she placing of thetroadatoaious timtehinhands ofteceivers of couts, sould hove been avoided. Owing to theset causes no interest has been pid by the toad to eke State Bo enable it so pay she ineest on State bondL. tam amsuted, however, that alltthe intsetest conpons op In this date hove been caneelled, and that alt wilt ho deliveted to the State. I tegret, howevr, Is learn that this tesolt hashbeen obtainedhby appeoptiating money paid by Cottinson foe bonds; that  already a toot of hetweeo foot and floe hondeed thoosand dotllaet hat been spent of the bond food inoshatnoay. terespeotfolysog- gerst that the Legislttoe shoold msahe provision for the peetectioo of the inteests of the Stote ie the pohtic woeks it has toaoed the credit of the htote to coooptete, ood to cosmpel those weho haoe fraodolently posoessed thesetves of emoney arisingfron sal of the hoods to eefoed it swish ioterest3 to defeot the ochemsoe thataeeootfootsto workforthereweong and iojuey to the State, aod iosore peopercopplicotion of the peoceeds of the hoodt and the conmpletioo of the inmpoetans eetoerpeioe itoelf, that adcentueers he no tongee otlowed to msohe the toid pohlic wooeht a mseans of raising eoonooseoomsofooey to ho dissipated hit reckltess profligacy. WILLIAM ARCHER COCRE, Attoeoey Geoeral. L. P. Baye appeaeed hefoee the Legislttoe in peeeon at tee- eral sessionoandottemspted to imspress opon the moindo of the emnsers of that hody that the bonds which he held afaintt the State had heen issoed hy the State to eaise receeue foe the sop- poet of the governnment. His position teas that an Act thootd hn passed issoing onesmiitoohtate hoods heaeing sin pee cent. inteest, to ntatoee in thiety peaes. That thete hoods weee to he sotd foe not less than seventy-fivec cents en the dottae, and the flest peoceedt theeeof he apptied in tahing op oe redeemting the heeds hetd hy Bayne feonm Littlefild. It is eideot that Bayne end Litttefield ondeestood each othee in this sceeme, and had Bayne he en soccessfut Littefild wootd hate shaeed weith hint in the spoils. Many of the tett inforesed eeres of the Legista- sore, hetieting Bayne to he an " honest 'Pohtican fetes de fnerf,h'favored and voted foe hit peoposition, wehich they did not nndeettand then, noe do thep unoderstand to this day. fitte of theinfltenors brought tohbearrwhich indoced the colored ten- hers to tote for the measue were that Baye hed procteed the assistane ef seine of the infleential white citizent areand Tatta- haster to advecate the passage of this mseasere. The Legisla- ture, however, refused In pass it because Baye did eat pay esoneypenough In the carpet-hag teers. Although this glar- ing freed wasteo folly exposed hy Hart's Attorney-Genera, yet no act seas passed hy the Legislature to reenter the emey firanda- alreadya sumsofhetee fnorand flee hondred thousand dollors hash teen spent of she hoed fond insthatsnay. Itrespecsfally sug- get that she tLegislatuee shoutd msahe procisin foe the peosectin of she interests of the Sitote in the paublic wstt it has loaned the credit of she State to comoptete, and to cotmpel those swho have fraudulentdypossessed themtselveseofmney arising fom a solo of the hoods toefund it wthh intcrest; to defeat the schemtes that aeeonfoottatoehrkfoetheetwrong and injory to she State, and insue peoper application of she proceeds of the hoods aed thr completion of she impyortant enteeprise itself, that advensurers be no longer allowted so msake the said public wtorks a ese of raising eormoas sumsofsmoney so he dissipated ivihrecless profligacy. WILLIAMI ARCHER COCRE, Attorney General. L. P. Bayne appeared befoe lte Legisltue is person atsset- ral testions andattentpted to ismpreos uo the tminds of thr members of that body that the hoods wehich he held against the State had born isteed by she State so raise revesn for she sap- port of she governtenot. His position war that or Act should be passed issuinoneomidliontate hoods heariog six per ceot. inserest, to teatuee in thirty years. T'hat these hoods stee to he sold foe not less than seventy-five cents n the dollar, and the fist petereds theteof be applied in taking op or redreeming the heeds held by Bayne froms Littlefield. It is evidens that Bayne and Littlefield undersood each other in this schete, and had Bayne heren successfuat Littlefield wnoutd hate shared wsith bite in the spodls. Many of theleossiforteedteehrs of the Legisla- tare, belieting Baye to he an " honest 'Publican frote de Norf,' fatored and toted foe his proposition, ohich they did not understandthen, nordontheyaenderstand to this day. Someeof the influences brought to bear which induced the catered mem- bers to tote for the easue were that Bayne had procared the assistance of some of the inflauential white citizens arind Telle- hassee to adtncate the passage of this teeasue. The Legisla- turehoweer,refused to pass it because Bayne did not pay money enough to the carpet-beg teembers. Although this glar- ing freed was so fatly exposed by Hart's Attorney-General, pet no art was passed by the Legislature to recoer the money franda- CAnETA RULEc INc t ORIA 285oa alreadya suteof betwteen foot and flee hndred thousand dolars has ben spent of she hood food in thasowa. Ierespectfully sug. gest that the tegisltase should m'ake protisin for she protecdin of the inerests of the State in the public works is baa loaned the credit of the State to comsplete, and to comspel those who hate fradulently possessedsthemsselves of msoney arising frome a sale of the hands to refand it wish interest; so defeat the scheess that aeonfoot towokhfurtherowrong and injury so the State, and inue proper applicatin of the proceeds of the hoods and the coespletion of the important enterprise itself, that adventurers hr o longer atlowrd to esahe the said public orks a eseans of raising eorososusonfamoney so bs dissipated Aithereckless profligacy. WILLIAM ARCHER CGCRR, Attorney Genral. L. P. Bayne appeared before she Legislatoe in person as set- eral sessinsand attempted to itepressaupn the msinds of thn members of that body that the hoods which he held againsst the State had been issaed Isy the State tso raise recente for the sop- port of the governent. His position tear that as Act shoutd br passed issuing oneillion Stare hoods bearing sin per tens. interest, to mature is thirty years. That these hoods stee so he sold for not test then oeventy-fice cents on the dollar, and the first proceeds shereof hr applied in tahing op or rederesing the heeds held by Bayne front Littlefield. Is is enident that Baye and Litdlefiltd understood each other in this seheese, and had Baye hero successful Littlefield would hate shared with bite in the spoils. Many of she lets inforesed embeers of the Legisla- tore, brliesing Baye to he an " honest 'Publican front de Pferf," favoredandtvoted for his propsitin,ohich shey did nos understand then, nor do they undrstand to thisoday. Slomseof the influenees brought to hear which induced she colored teem- hers to tote for the me aste wrre that Baye had procued the assistanre of seine of she inflaential white citizens around Talla- hassee to advocate the passage tf this teasure. The Legisla- ture, howeter, refued so past brcause Baye did enst pay money renough to she carpet-hag ebers. Although this glar- ing frond was so folly esposed by Hart's Attorey-Genenral, pet no act was passed by the Legislature toerecoer the money firaede-  286 CARPETBAG RULE IN FLORIDA. lently expended or appropriated by Littlefield. This was, of course, natural, as Littlefield had so abundantly filled the co- fecs of the carpet-bag members at the very inception of his fraud- ulent career in Florida. In the Senate a concurrent resolution, which originated in the House and passed that body by almost unanimous consent, was now passed, authorizing the appointment of a joint committee of three on the part of the House and two on the part of the Senate to examine and adjust the accounts of ex-Governor Reed, which accounts had been referred to in his last annual message. L G. Dennis and A. D. McKinnon were appointed on the part of the Senate, and i. F. Green, J. W. Johnson and J. C. Gass on the part of the Assembly. After a thorough investigation the com- mittee, on the 12th day of February, made the following report: "The undersigned joint committee, appointed to examine and adjust the accounts of ex-Governor Harrison Reed, referred to in his last message, beg leave to report that they have performed that duty and fid justly dcue to Governor Reed the sum of twenty-four thousand dollars for legitimate and necessary ex- penditures, principally onder the Act of the Legislature of August, 1868, which imposed heavy responsibilities for which no adequate means were provided, and rendered necessary by the disorganized and unsettled condition of the State during the first year of hes administration. They submit the accompanying bill and unanimously recommend its passage. (Signed) "L. G. DENNIs, " Chairman." In the Senate the bill accompanying the report of the com- mittee to pay the Reed claim, was referred to another committee with Horatio Jenkins, Governor Reed's old enemy, as chair- man, and that committee reported back the claim and recom- mended the passage of the bill to pay it. When the general appropriation bill came up for consideration, L. G. Dennis moved that $24,ooo be appropriated for the relief of ex-Governor Harrison Reed, in accordance with the recommendations of report of Joint Special Committee, provided, that the Comp- roller shall deduct from this sum any amount which may be 286 CARPETBAG RULE IN FLORIDA. lently expencded or appropriated by Littlefield. This was, of course, natural, as Littlefield had so abundantly filled the cof- fers of the carpet-bag members at the very inception of his fraud- ulent career in Florida. In the Senateca concurrent resolution, which originated in the House and passed that body by almost unanimous consent, was now passed, authorizing the appointment of a joint committee of three on the part of the House and two on the part of the Senate to examine and adjust the accounts of ex-Governor Reed, which accounts had been referred to in his list annual message. L. G. Dennis and A. D, McKinnon were appointed on the part of the Senate, and W. F. Green, J. W. Johnson and 1. C. Gass on the part of the Assembly. After a thorough investigation the com- mittee, on the 12th day of February, made the following report "Teundersigned joint committee, appointed to examine and adjust the account, of ex-Governor Harrison Reed, referred to in his last message, beg leave to report that they have performed that dtty and fhd justly due to Governor Reed the sum of twenty-four thousand dollars for legitimate and necessary ex- penditures, principally under the Act of the Legislature of August, 1868, which imposed heavy responsibilities for which no adequate means were provided, and rendered necessary by the disorganized and unsettled condition of the State during the first year of his administration. They submit the accompanying bill and unanimously recommend its passage. (Signed) "L. G. DENNIS, " Chairman." In the Senate the bill accompanying the report of the com- mittee to pay the Reed claim, was referred to another committee with Horatio Jenkins, Governor Reed's old enemy, as chair- man, and that committee reported back the claim and recom- mended the passage of the bill to pay it. When the general appropriation bill came up for consideration, L. G. Dennis moved that $24,ooo be appropriated for the relief of ex-Governor Harrison Reed, in accordance with the recommendations of report of joint Special Committee, provided, that the Comp- roller shall deduct from this sum any amount which may be 286 CARPETBAG RULE IN FLORIDA. lently expended or appropriated by Littlefield. This was, of course, natural, as Littlefield had so abundantly filled the cof- fers of the carpet-bag members at the very inception of his fraud- ulent career in Florida. In the Senate a concurrent resolution, which originated in the House and passed that body by almost unanimous consent, was now passed, authorizing the appointment of a joint committee of three on the part of the House and two on the part of the Senate to examine and adjust the accounts of ex-Governor Reed, which accounts had been referred to in his last annual message. I. G. Dennis and A. D). McKinnon were appointed on the part of the Senate, and W. F. Green, J. WV. Johnson and 1. C. Gass on the part of the Assembly. After a thorough investigation the com- mittee, on the 12th day of February, made the following report: "The undersigned joint committee, appointed to examine and adjust the accounts of ex-Governor Harrison Reed, referred to in his last message, beg leave to report that they have performed that dutty and fd justly due to Governor Reed the sum of twenty-four thousand dollars for legitimate and necessary ex- penditures, principally under the Act of the Legislature of August, 1868, which imposed heavy responsibilities for which no adequate means were provided, and rendered necessary by the disorganized and unsettled condition of the State during the first year of his administration. They submit the accompanying bill and unanimously iecommend its passage. (Signed) L. G. DENNIS, " Chairman." In the Senate the bill accompanying the report of the com- mittee to pay the Reed claim, was referred to another committee with Horatio Jenkins, Governor Reed's old enemy, as chair- man, and that committee reported back the claim and recom- mended the passage of the bill to pay it. When the general appropriation bill came up for consideration, L, G. Dennis moved that $24,ooo be appropriated for the relief of ex-Governor Harrison Reed, in accordance with the recommendations of report of Joint Special Committee, provided, that the Comp- roller shall deduct from this sum any amount which may be  CARPETBAG RULE IN FLORIDA. 287 feend due the State on acontotf oppropriatiens heretofoee maede fee conctingent expensces of the Goverttee. Thisaetnd- menta lott by seeven to nice. Sheetly after a moetion weae matde to recottsider, and still acothet to Icy the motion to reconsider oR the tcble. Thit mootioe wouold hcee been defected bed it not been for the vote ef M. 1, Stearns-, Lieoeeonen-Geo- ero.When the vete stood tetcfeooad tentcginstefcyingon the tchle, Steacns, remeroiog heow fleceette Reed's feiettds bed charged hiet with ttecling the fceedoeoc' mceat cod flone, tboeght this c good olttoetunity to got evoo with hiet, cod he thetefoe govetheocatngvote iofcoe of lcyiog tlecaendmoeot cc the tcblo. Thit toded the Goernor's olaiot in the Senate. In the Ascsemtbdy tho hill paying Govocnot Reod's clciem cccme up foe ons~ideoaio,eondcaftereeoalootondtoenttteeeoffered cod defectod, it wocs teferred back to the commoittee wth instuctonsto rpor atthe coot iteotitog of the Legislcate. Thue it twco that this justolim toot dofooted. Twoenty-foue thocueand dollaec wct a smooll coompeonsotion foe Gloeror Reed, wtho hcd maciotcioed peaoe cool ciodl gooeneteetthehStcte coderetheomostetrpicgirocumtances thce hod eeroccuooeed in its histoty. Coerupoceeostiering op strife hetoeen therae no e coak nith ewhich to hide thoit crrupt acts fromo tlte pulic gaze of the North; sontc Of the roost ohid whoites Geging teie people to opeet resistance ;the crpethogger, ohter instifeting this techieg, encouraging the freeden to steike the beest hlowe theGeoenor ntonlp expeoded the etmall aounct of the cn tingent fucd voted hint hy the Legielatuee, bee the authoe was peesocally conizaot of the ehousaods of dollaes wehich Goeecoe Reedpaid fromohisepocetttomitinpeace andnerdeticnehee mtost teying dope of the Stetets hictoep. Alehough Goeor Reed left the ecxecutive chair a poor eno, etripped of ceerp all hit ecethly eelthby hpteane of whch he bed cooed the feaee ccd its people thousacds, pee, hundreds of thouscnds of dollaes ccd no tbe tomt tute preeeted the geceeaf theddieg of iccoce blond, pet he hod the conoclatioc to kcowt thct He wehn wtcthet over the destiety of elf peoples, goceecents, hingdocms, ccd peincipalitiec, would reewacd bite ct one weho bed deprioed bime- self foe the benefit of the manyp. CcRETeAG RULEt INCLORtDc. egg foncd due the State on ccount of appeopeiatiocs heeetofce mandn fee contingect epensec of the Geovecor. This emend- tect ccc feet bp seven to cice. Shoetlp aftee a mtion was cmade to cneidee, end ctlf anoter to lop the mtotion en recnscider oR the table. This tmotioc teocld have hoen defected bed ie cot heeo fee the cotn of Mt. tSteoaens, Lieoteooct-Goo- Xf'r. heo the vote stood tencfocand tengaointtclaping on the tahle, Stens, tememnhericg hocw fGoveror Reed's feiends bed chaefed hint twitho stealieg the fteedoneec toedt end glouc, eboughe this a good opportenity to get even wcith hint, cod he theeefoecgavetheocastingovote ic faorof leieg the amndment cc the tahle. 1Thoe ecded the Goveroer's c laim in the Senate. Ic the Aembtolpthe bll pyingGoeor Reedselaimtcamenup foreconsidertoncacd ftecseratloamendmeontsere offered ecd dfeatedoitwasorferedlback to thecom ie ih intutost e ort othe cext tteeting of etee ILegiolatnee. Tbhcs it was thee this feet clcaim 0cs defected. Ttoenty-focc thoosand deoar tote a smaoll ocopestion foe Goovernor Reed, whe hcd tecintained pece cod civol fovernetoithe Stcte ndee theteost trptngocircumtacenethct hod eer nocetred in hos historyp Coreupttmeoosteeringop strif hetoween therae asc coloak with which to bode their corrupt acts fromt the public gaetofetheNneth; somteofthetmoslthraidnhtesuegng their people tn open resioctance ;the carpetbaogger, oboer tnstigating thiscteaochg encogtnfftefeemnteoctrithotheheirtblowo; the Goeeecr cot eely pexpeoded the entoll aonet of the con- ticgent feed voted hint by the Legislaeuce, tot the auehoe was pecsocnalpy conitztnt of the thousatods of deflect ohich Goeernor Reedpaid feemthispocket tonmaintin pece and oedeciethese meet tepieg daps of the Stete's historp. Althofgh Goenoe Reed lfeb the eecuteive chair a poot toco, steipped of ncerp elf hit earthlynwealh bhy meanocof whch he hod cooed the State and itsepeople thousonds, yea, hundeedsof housandseofdollaeseand at the same time preenced the gceeral sheddinf of innocect blood, pet he hod the cnsolation to hcowt that He who watches oee the destinyp of elf peoplee, goernmnts, kingdomsc, acd pricipalities, would renwaed hint cs one weho bed depeioed hint- self foe the becefit of the teny. CARPETBAG RULE IN FLORIDA. 2f7 fond doe the feete oR accoont of afpropriations heeretofoe mcode foe continfent expenes of the G oceror. Thie amtend- fee aslot by secen to nice. Shortlp after a motion wne mode toorecocsidec, end stidl acethec to lop the tmotioc to reconsider cc the table. This ototion would h beenec defected bad it cotebeen foe the cole of M.t L, Stearns, Lieueeoce-Goe- ero.When the vode stood tenofeocad tenginstolayingeon the table, Seacns, tententbeting boo Gloverncr fReed's frendcs bed chaeged hint wioh stealing the fteedomen' tmect end floot, thoeght ohis a good oppoetoeity to get ecen with hint, cod he teefote gave the casting cote ic fevor of loying the omndmet cc the table. Thie ended the Goercnor'claiot ie the feeate. IR the Assembhlp the bill paying Goernor Reed's claim cante op forconsideration,oandaeseerlntendmentsowereoffeed and defeated,hitowaterfecreeehbkto theomtteenthb instuctonsto rpor atthe next moeeting of the Legilatuce. Thee it cac thot this jceo elaimt was defected. Twenty-four thousand dollats was acm co pensaotieon foe (imeoE Reed, who had maintained peceeondeiil governenet inthefState underthenmtetrypicgicustctes that hod eeroc ncurred int fee histoep. Coerupt 0000 stieriog op ctrife betweene the races as a cloak with whch to hide eheit corpt cts ftomt the publie gaet of the North ; sonte of the tmost cabid whites urging their people to open reseiscee; the catyetboggee, afcer instifting tfticteachicg, enecorging the fceedmnte to strihe the feest blent the Glovetnnrcot onlypexpended the Goofl aount of the coo- tiegect food oteed hint by the Legislaete, hot the aethoe tent persooallyenognizactnof the thousands of deflect wch Gnernor Reed paid freomhisepocket tomntinpeace acd orderinothese meost tepittg dope of the Soate's hictoty. Althoufb Goernne Reed lobt the executive chait a poet tn, seripped of cearlp elf hos earthlynweelth by meanof which he hod cooed te State cod its people thousands, pee, hundcedt of thousacdscof dollarstand at the sante tonte preented the geonel sheddicg of inocentc blood, pct be bed the cocsolation to kcnow thee He who watches oter the desticy of elf peeples, governetst, kinfdnoms, acd peinciplieies, would rewaed hint cc one who bed depeived hint- self foe the benefit of the teeny.  o88 CARPETBAG RULE IN FLORIDA. Atthistettion of the Legitlatare theee wasUot0 that hitter. nest on the part of the Otfeioceato; that had heeetofoee heen exhihited, foe the reasoa that the caate had heeR rem~oved. Every session of the Legislture hefre that titoe had wtitnetted the attteatimg af Detoceatic mtetohect aha had heeR faictp elected,twhich caated agreatdeatofhadhtlod. The civid eightt hdtl had patted at this session weithoat anp great opposi- tiRR, the twhitet hknow'itng that alt the oeger wanoted twat fair treatmtent on railroads and steamthoats-fo hte teat Rot ahte to eat in the hotelt ecen if he hadoadeire co da to, and he coold not theefare gice aop tcoahle. Hart and the cing, anticipating Cotnote'tcourse at United Statet Senatoe, entered ino a plot to hold at mtany of the leading freedmen at postihle. Conoter nothbeingtveryppoplae, ittwouldhbeoneesttaryfoehimtoappoit mtoreeeoloredttmenttooffieethanoHaet. TheeriegotndtHarteee determned to heat hoth Cooere and tht Regre. 'The plan weat totsend tothehenate theameseof colored mee to fitl offieesin Demtocatic couttietnwheneereit cooldhbedoonithootetpotitg theie ohject. Of eoure the Dentoecatic Senatort teould ohject, antdtheeuponen~ough carpetbagfSenatorstwouldevotewith themt to defeat theeocoration oftheoego, and he havittg no teap of knowng teho toted afaintt hint, teat told that Goterttor Hart andthering did allthat theypeould foe hhR and had tent hit ttatoe to tht Senate, hot the Dentocratt had defeated hit emt- fintation. One cotored mtatt,tehote nante teat tent up tothe Senate frem Wahalla Countp foe Tao-Attesor, eootd teacely tweite hit ttnme, hot he had great influenceamong theecoloeed hretheo and coold tecuee the delegatioet feotm that contp in politicaleconventiont. Heteatonoteonfitoed, of cottrte, hot hit nante heing tent op tocored hitm to the ring forcall time tocotme. T'hittesoion of the Legislatue teat a veep ditottrent one fac the ring. Searcelp had thep got oee the thoek of heiog coated in the election of Senator hefort Haotitton Jap, Conoer'sttecre- torp wehile Trestoere, teat elected State Peineter, tehich tohk the printing front the ciog and plaeed it in the hands of Charlet E. Dphe, teho had asttited Coeeeee in hit eleetion to the Senate. The Deteecrats teho toted foc Conoer aed the anti-ring Repuh- licans note hetd a tecet nteeting foe the purpote of taping plant off Ctt'ARE~TA RULE IR FLORA, At this sesttion of the Legitlatue theee teat ot that hittee. neson the poet of the fedeoceote that had heetofece hten exhthited, foe the reason that the caute hod heee rentoved. Eveep seeseion of the Legislatue hefoee that titne had teitestted the unteating of Democeacic memeee teho hod heen feiely elected, which cautedoagreat deal of hadhlood. The ciel rightt hill hod patted at thittseioenithouatogeateppoti- tioo, the tehitet hnong that all the ttegeo waoted teat fair treatmnteonaeoileoadt and tteambhaots-for he teat net ahte to eat inthe hotelseven if he had adeiee to do to, and he coold not therefore glee anp teouhle. Haet and the eing, anticipating Conover'stcourse at United Seatet Senator, enteeed into a plot to hotd at teany of the leading feeedmnte at pcosile. Conoer nothbeingereppopa, itwoutldhbe necetsarepfoehinttoeppoint mone colorednmeeotooffice thaotHaet. 'ThecricgoandHatee deteernined to heat hoth Conover and the negeo. 'the pieR teat totsendto thefeate theonaes ofecolored meen tofill offietin Dentoceaticcountiestwhenee it coutd he doethoutexposing their ohject. Of couese the Deneoccatic Senaore teootd ohject, and thereuponoenough carpetbag Sentoswouldvotewith themt to defeat theeconfetoationeof the negeo, and he hating RR teap nf knoteing teho toted against hint, teat told that Goeernor Haeteand tering didoallthat thep cold for hho and had tent hit nante to the Senate, hot the Dentoceats hod defeated hit eon- fientation. One colorecdman,tehotenamte teat tent up to the Senate feont Wahoulta Countp foe Tat-Aseetor, could teareey weite hit nante, hoe he had geat iofluence amog theeolored bretheR and coold secoce the delegation froto that countp in politicol coneotiont. He teat not confented, of coure, hoc hit nante heing seet op secueed hint to the ring foe all tite to conte. This sestion of the Legistatoe teat a teep ditatrous one for theriog. Scarcelp had thep got ocerthecthoch ofheingoted in the eteceion of Seootor hefoe Hameilton Jap, Conover'sseecre- teep tehite Teatarer, teat etected State Peiner, tehieh tooh the prineing front the ring and placed it in the handt of Chartet E. Dyhe, teho had attitted Conovee 10 hist etection to the Senate, The Dentoccats teho toted foe Conoter and the anti-ring Repuh- licansnon held aotecret nteeting foc the puepote of loping plant off CARETBAG RULE tNOFLORtBA. At tchit sessioo of the Legislatuee there teat not that hittee- neson the poet of the Deftoceatt that hod heretofoe heen exhthited, foe the reon that the catse hod heno rentoted. Eveepesessioo of the Legislatuee hefoee that time had witneesed the onseatiog of Democeatic menthert teho had heen fairlp elected,nwhichoaused ageatdealofhbdbood. The citdl rightt hill had patted at this session wtithout aop geeatcopposi- tion, the tehitet hong that all the eegeo wnted teat faie treatment oeailroads and teaotst-for he teat Rot able to eat ie the hotelsaeceoif he hadoadesice todoso, and he could Rot therefore gite aep trouhle. Haet and the riog, anticipating Conoer'tceoerse at United Statet Sentor, enteeed onto a plot to hold at omanp of the leading freedmnte at postihle. Conover nothbeiogteryppopla, itswouldhbeecesayc o r himtoppoint ntorecoloeednten tooffice thanoHat. Tfheeing andHartwee determntced to heat hoth Cooee aod the oegeo. The plan teae totsend to the Seateheontmesf coloed mnee to fill officet in Dentoceatic countiettweneveehitcouldhedoneeihoteoing theic ohject. Of coocte the Democeatic fenatoet wtould ohject, andethereeupmnenoughcaepethagfSenatoetnwouldevoteeithtemt to defeatethe confintationotthe nego, aed he hating no nap of hnoteing teho toted against hint, teat told that Goternoe Hart aod theering didolltht the could fee hint and hod tent hit nonte to the Senate, hat the Democrats hod defeated hit eon- fintatioe. One coloeed man, nhote oante teat seot upto the Senate feont Wooholla Coontp foe Tat-Astessoe, could tcarelt neite hit nante, hot he hod great iefluence among the colored hrethren and coold secuee the delegation feom that countp in political conteotiont. He teat not coofinted, of coutte, hot hit none beingtsentupesecuredhimntoetheeing forealltimectocote. Thittsetsionoef the Legitltue not a terp disastcout onB foe checriog. Scarcelyphadthep got oveethecthoch ofhbingeooted in the election of Senatoe hefoe Hootilton Jap, Conoteett ecee- tarp tehile Teeataee, was elected State Peiotec, tehich took the printing frent the eing ond placed it in the hands of Chaeles E. Dphe, teho hod attitted Conotee in hit election to the Senate. The Dentoeratt teho toted foe Conoer aod the onti-ring Repoh- licant non held a tecret meeting foe the purpote of loping plant  CARPETBAG RULE IN FLORIDA. 289 CARPETBAG RULE IN FLORIDA. 289 CARPETBAG RULE IN FLORIDA. 289 tocontnue thirresitanoce to theing foB the next fourB yearBL At thot mteeting ws Conover, POBDOn, Dyke, C. H. Pearce and ahost ofothes. The DeocrGattseBeedtsatisfied twithtthe good intentionts of oil the Republicoos, bot it wOs evident thot they hadofaith oeonfidencein Mr. W. J. Putmn. Itseat, howeverE, agreed io thot toeetiog thot tehilo thB moetobert of each party would retainEtheir icipiles as such, teywoldcotinu~e to co-opeae unoti thering and itsthodshouldhbe utely swept from power inoFlorida. After a sessioR of foeiy-theee days the Legitlature odjourned ont the 0 9th day of Fehbruary, aine die. to continue thirresstaneo theig for the next fooe years. At shot meeting wOs Cosover, POBDOO, Dyke, C. H. Pearee and ahotofothers. The Deoatsoseemed saified weith the good intentions of oil the Repubhicans, bot it DOs evident that they hod oo faith oe confidence in Mr. W. J. POBDOC. It DOG, howCver, agreed is that meetinf that wshile the metmbhes of each partywolderetainotheirepinciples as such,they old coninue to co-operateosntil the eiog aod its toethods shoold he utteely sweept fromopowereinFloid. After a Bession of forty-three days the Lefitlature adjoured ont the t 9th day of Fehroary, stene die. to continuoe theie eesistaoee to the Binf foe she Reot foue years. At that meoetinag Dat CoorOB, PutRmaB, Dyhe, C. H. PBarce and ahost ofothers. The Deocratsiseemed saisfied Dith the good intentions of all the Repohlicants, hot it DOs eident that they hadofaith orofideoein Mr. W. J. PutDan. ItBDaB, howeer, afeed io that Deeting that while the Demheers ofeacih partyDwouldretaintheirpiniles assuch, they would eostiooe toeco-operateoontil the eing aod its Dethodsothould he otteely sweept from oer inFloeida. After a tesion of forty-theee days she Legislatoee adjouetned ots the e 9th day of Feheoaey, stne die.  CHAPTER XVII. Deaof fo7,or rlrl Steam Assumtes the Re/tsoIf Goer-- viet. Ae Alfoork to Ce0 Rid qfAtorr/oe-Cototoe Cr011 by Sbltatagem. i/re Pitoorto Prty~ bRtring, oartds. Steams1 Alltsto Ti 7kthe /otrdso rf aJfr/ Jurdic/al Of/re. Foldrr o Suop/rrt S/t-to/ So- Ca/led Adiitain The Eleeliot of Congrese aod Yllnier .htrkoIf I/t Legislature If .e8g4. Fraoos Crorrod in I/e Countires If LIII bY J~fet- Aftr rho odjourInet of the ILegislator of 1b74, Gotvetno- Ht ,ttootr abeotoatteod trot]e dutie of his officeother than ttto ntion in-Of7 appointltttt xrhiolt Stoern and other ooarpet- baggtr- oold dcrye rdobilth seoppoitets weottup- pose o berr adebhimet thyeee~llytadeby tern. Mooiy of tht names that hod bet orojeotod by theo Senate were- no gnapointedri ti ttr violation of the consttitution, toal aog hrb too F. C. Weokt, If Leon Couoty, It Sheiff. Wek ,a coro aoitetd Sheriff, whih met aodeath strugle for- the rp ott oftihetring in Leont Countyandoa general wariot e Steto uppessll oppotion otlthiftormd- able cobiaton Gov-oroor Hart i Jacksonville oo the tbthof March, 1874,Iand Ott gtinlargef led resetatbll fooeral byoall lnitptooloetoneopjotsoiog greaot torroelt tthe departueeof tbe decease~d Govrnot yet tbo catasteopbe to lightod upt his patltto the United Stats SentIeorto the gubertoroialchair thot he oold not bide tbe ecstosy into tohiob lie bod fallee, to foot, o goetorl rejoicing tool iodolged io tbeooghoot the ooepet- hagoclanowhoeefriendly to theeing,oandoil eetings wtette held 01 ohiolt they renewed the pledge to eoch other foe froodoondplonder. Steoeooowaoethetmooterotteo pieoe of ghe- ootoriltmhethtwot etverplocedoatthe helmoof goternenot. Hoot hod ottemopted, doejog hit odmoioioteotioo, to force Attot- ttey-Geoeeol Coehe to resign hit pooition io the Cohinet, hot hod CHAPTER XVII. DIeatf l ootrorHart. Sltem omlrrttte IRein Ieof Cotern- wtoolf AtIoipto l R id If Alltoomey-CGeneral tokl by .Itmiager. T/rI Peltttlotty Poet7 -Re~trnig Boad. Stams At/oo/ot C o Tietb Sbrtodo If aIL ,f rtadotio/ Ofie. Srodr orr Sipr/ItI Sht-s o- LrCallod Adoont/boo. The 1/I/tt of Cerrgrltlsro to] SbrlofbtO If toe Logrslatore If 187,. totodo Coori/lld itO /e CounesoIf Lon ood Jofer- Sht thre odjournooeot of tOr Legilate of 1774, Gotvetot Hat was ot able to attend to the dties~ of bit office othter tboo to sto r appoitortrrltiol hic tearnstt aod ottot catpet- baggerst oold desrite- ;lanroltile thoro appointmet eret lup- lOtol to be orlo by1 oo tety wee reallyomadehbtern. Maooyoftetooorroothatlrod been-rejected by thbSentttewere fogin appted to ttt vitolation of thte ottution, notalbleaongoootoo hvihwsE C. Wooks, of tLeon Coooty, 01 Sheriff. WeekshsrowoapointeddSeifftwhichoeootoadeoth struggle foe the soytrntrt ofdret ing intLeoe Coontyoandoa geneeal otoottoth Statetolurttlt ll oppotiontodthforid- able oontion Govertnor Hart died to Jaockototvlle oodohe ith ofMarch, 1874, and wa01 goveooioae led retpeotohlo fooerol hyoall olooses of citzens. Attltoooows of hit deoth Steotot, olthoogh io htio proclamtono expressing great sorowt othe departureof te deoeosed Govreore yet tho Catatoephe so lighted op hit pat odetoheUnitedhStes SenatI oeto the gobeeootoeiol ehoie thot hI oold oot hide the eototy onto tohioh he hod folleo. to foot, o geneeol tejoicing wastindulged io theooghoot the oorpet- logclanowhotweretfriendly to thedoig,oandeoialeetigs w-ere held 01 twhioh they reeweted the pledge to eoch otet foe feoodoondploodee. Steoenstteotthetmosotrottettpieoe of ghee- ttotoeil titmheethotwosteee plaoedoatthe helmoof goveerntent. Hoet hod ottempted, doting hit odtministeotioo, to foce Attee- nep-Genteol Coohe to resign hit position in the Cohioet, hot hod CHAPTER XVII. Deat/rof Co7roo Hartf SteamsoAlotrttothe Ptettsofover- ooof He 411creptolo Ce1 leidef Abtoty-OGeeral Clodoeby S/rtrtagr. toe Preoiir y Paty Lerotog Boerd. Stearns Allosto Tie lte ftldsoIf a t id/f jdicia/ Of/ooe. Froodmeoo to Sttppoet Sotrns' So-Co//o/ Ado/oirtoo. The d//otkton of CogIosoe ood .ltrtrkoIf Itoe Legist/uoee If 1874. Frauos Cooo/tlodtir I/re Cool/Il If Loon Old jft- Sht tho oadjournmoent of tto legislrtotr of 1874, fGoverooe Honto-orooot alo tooattendltorthedutieslf hisI/oiother-than to 1000000o lob If/r 011001 rwtiot Stelrn ord otheooeapet- bageors would ok-ito ; and wtile ItorIe appintttooweretsp- pttoed to I, trrl ty hrim oteo tltlo)teyweelly madeltybtoern. Iloony of the roltoo ttat torI toel rejected by the Seootettete nowgainototr- to otror volation of the contstitutilon notale aooo ovo to- wa E. b. Weeos, of Leoo Coonty, 0s Shotiff. Wek a oo ntow appr~ otd Sheiff, wohicheto deoth strugglo for toorsupremaoy ofdtring in Leln Coontyoondoa generloo oartho tte to supress allloppoitiotlothis formitd- oble oobination. GooeoreHortdlied in Jacksonville onthe t8th of Metch, 1874, aod wa00 giveno lotge ood tespectable fooeeol byoll clotses of cititens. At 1t01 oieo of hio dooth Stlern, although in hit polomtonexptreig great sowl ot the depaturteof the deoeased GotveroreIt the catastrophe so lighted op hit poth to the Uoited Stooe Senoto oe to the goheeeotoeiol ohoir thot hI oold not hide the eotaoy onto tohioh he hod folleo. to foot, aogeneraltrjlotigwastidlged 10 thttooghoot the oorpet- loogclonteho wlerefrendlypto theeringooad tooiol metidgs tete held ot whioh they reeted the pledge to eoeh othee foe froodoandploodee. Steoeottwaoethetmotrotten pieoe of ghe- notoril tintherthotoooseer plocedoatthe helmtof goerntoent. Hoot hod ottetopted, duefog hio odtoinitrotion, to foroe Attee- nep-Geoteol Coehe to esign hit petition in the Cohinet, hot hod  ottsuceded. hoters, iio fndin osibyitueoof his offie,amebertiotuteho toots'g Boardudeook to get rid of lhot lot tratogcni. lie li anoodrstanin oitdllthe moomberos of lits Caie t hOssot reu sod preoett thei so signao tion ina bdy. hiswasto b doe opassoolot sof cortesy refue t acept he igat~os of stse otlorst 1 s soshiogwa madeiea~ to aituc t, Sa,,on Cocze hd t ositt loo tgri. otooli h hour soid t im etepa accept ohi ih it, tall of lsaontmensooot sod ditrss. Th lyeol, isoe, oWin, o oti,'sasence of ohs leaingpciorrer.The of J onsltsa P, Glibbs, sho had been appoiteod iy C-c-s lart after ahad fighs by ohs coloreddbrother, would hov bee sctp buht fo fearsof ohs Soears, baffled on he offort to got rid of P ohs, now buckled on hiordfoheUitdStteshetoial contsst. ie aod othledingomembersoflotphe ci o-bgsringsmt iJacsonille andoagedomakeoodeterminedfihis ailte ountoss-od espeilly inothe Black Blot ontis-o eloos membhrs toothe Legislatures of 1t87 5oho stould solo lbs ot Riog ostyot-itoggos Pot the soot Unitod Sotots Sena tos To get Colonesl Bisboes itndi- vidualisupportinothisfght hetwas pot fosrwardastheocaodidate of ohs Ring; hobt shose oio beonged to ohs tossr ring, cotnsist- ing of Martio, hSeaon, Wesntwoth sod stse "ttle (iost," L. G. Densis, wesecretlysarraging for the eleon' of dSerso, he agreeing to appoiot Weotsorth Lioutoosot Govosas soo shethousld beletd UitdStats Sensor. The Ring hod otooeodod is sooty one of ohs Blaok Bolt toss. tieo inestasblithingoty Repubhioss comooittees is opposition to the regular Rspohlioan commnittes. Theose committeswr soon toot deomsinasted asothe partysreturninghboarsofthe o uceded. Stesoo, findhog Cooks, iy vistue of hit officeoastsothtoiftho'Sstot loossotsg toard, uoderooksskotgt rid of hit btrtgn.lehdoanounderssststsni iitisllts mebstos~f Htsskdsiestootoosss ad tootostthoeirssgtsn- tions in aI~odv. Thi w aslto ts obrcpaetii ott of soartsooy tote snomn tos'toi, ho herlojct ia ootin Coce' rmgaton Ilchwoldbeaccptd,, il le ould refi- t iXej- th I sigatlos o th o~lrs IN ryoiss ws madereai tocapuic hi-Samon, oclc ha no 'sfossood the the nicil ers f Tle Cbint tht !ie i otl o l0e caught in tis rapandit i, hpeftl xleccd iat ie ot foiilow so tsirtsto h ,( hour 5 otriiv to osossc sts iplay Cockei-, i- b thethei proccd olo~ th'ooooio Chanieraudp~c-tc( l!, Itcsin~tou, o te c i o fter lookingarufi(o ( X solirda slot idress, rfsohingto accpt hei reig~ihn,. rsooul sf sisappoint Osoot and ditress. Th ly nl o nfiur,-n tsofl, osenceo of ohs leadingp t-oti~.T ot isntat~ C.Gs , whto iaosbeentapoinotedi1)) Gossoo Mt teraothisdsigtylt coloresoheroold hoooi bee actedosbouffosaroflthe laeots. Serso hoffled so tisooffortoto pot sod of Cooe to, bockled onihisswoord forstioUnitedStasSentooitlotst. liead thelealdingpembsohsofotoosapsohsigtrigsotinoJaso vtlle ondoagreedosookeoosa oodend figt0011lth sisoosoos-ood espeoialliothes kiosk Belt oso .o to eieot sotosotshe Legidssueof 5187 owho sould vto pot Roocpopt hoggos fos thenst tUnitedhStats Setor lo gos Colottol Bisbee'sindi- viduaosuppotointhisiohows pot forwardoastheoadidte of oh0 Riog ;s but ose who holosged so ohs' inner ring, osst- ing of Marti,htarss,Wetoth and thss"ittisGiant," L. G. Desnis, oeseretolosyoarronging for ohs electitn of Stesrs, hs agresing so apposnt Wentsorth LieotenantoGovosess so asoheohholdbeslected UitedState hSensor. The Ring hod succeeded is vr one tofs sths Black Belt coos- tis is estnhlishing sosnty Repubican cosmittes in opposition to the regolsr Repubhioan commitees. These committees see evsn note denomoinoted s Ohs partysreuning hoarddof the -AlEr 0000000ILRID. 090 not succeeded. 'sorso o ws findhdg Csohs, hy virtueof his offic, a memberho of sho hoo, 550tssldingoard, tndeosot kto got rid ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ s ossosytaaer.Foha nuderstanoing wsith all sts memberoos of lasts t do o o s anosd prsento tose isigra- tion ina boy his as o doss1 ol saeottipout ofoutsoy to te icomig Gvernr, unsie easobisject 000as totin ref~e o acep th leu,,atln olt-so toers ES osttlg ws mad ic~b tocatui ti, arsoo. Cooso halotfos d the oher n"'Fe" of o Cbnttts los ioi sot ibe' aagist in tis tapanf!it a, l,,jofTTh oexectd tha ie ouldo'iofolow in thir wke. V~lci Ti soll 0ti tovd , to oirnc sts slop Cock, ! ut h'! ltiospiocosodotod thEoosooso Ciji cidtroshot, iki osgoooion sto toschief, sits, aftor iookin on fes o sod doss t ohjr ddres, fuolsgo aoscepttir % Oihws oill of oii opioistnot aod distross. sh lyud!;ifio, 00sfn to1, oloosoosc of sts leadingpefos ce.Fl -gitioo of lo oooio C. Gdohs, wlo hod bsen oopoctsd Soy t osoo lost shts Ishsod tight hy ohs coorsedhobr oth olhaveohenaccptoodbt foo feaoofsthe lae ots, teaorns, bofflddoiote fotsogstoridf Cooks, coshucled oldis sorsd forthesUted ,Statsontoial tootet. Heoand other leoding otembhos of tdeoooopot-osgsring t ho Jacsonvdlle andtagseedotosmakeodtermionedfigt ial do'ossstiot-nd especoially so ohs Black Boilt coutisto elect memberosos so ohs Legislators of 18g75 wo sosld soote Pots o Ringossrpot-hggos for ohs soot United Soots Snaos. To got Colsool Bisbhe's indi- vidual suppotioiols fighthlie wt sot forwordatsheo condidate of ohs Ring1 hobu thoose wo holonged totohs innesr slog, consist- tog of Martin, hStarn, Wentoth sod the "ile (iaiosL. G. Dsnnis, sowere sertl aprsrasging foe she eleotison of hoStors, he agresingoppontWntoth Lieutenant Gooersor sso asoheshouldhseolected United Statss Sensosr. The Ring hod stcseeded is every one of ohs Blaok Bolt oo- ties in stahlishing ounty Ropshlioss ommittoes in opposition to Ohs tegulso Repuhlican ommoittees. These ommiotteso wets evnnowe denomoinated asthe potysreturnin hoardsofothe  292 CARPEOTBAG RULE IN FOIA differetcouties. Theseypelimiayremurigoas,whe- soot therettere nt ettottgh Rittg supportert inta precinct to htisng op aSteartts delegatiosn, wcotild apyofint delegaet fromis othersprecinscts totsmake tip the fisl mteatstte Aonviittwas as sttitahie for theft turpoes at the msit hottest emae. The pee- cincteuinsghoaeds, theottgh theistrucitiots frosttthe county returningtbghtds,twooldcommtitalfrautdoeessarytoststtit theouitntytretuintghtordsinthrowintg outeay pecittht wa'tssnot solid forearensoand the Rieg managees. The counoty reetitghbordsoweettosperinitend, perfectetnddefetndall ferttds committtdhbythe Ring, cod mahe all neoesorytaroange- mets foe tahieg coy cote io tohich the prelimiocry hoords httd foiled so heel the mosses so the State Retoertieg Booed, ortto the Ceotrol Committee, of ohich Me. E. M. Cheey met still Choit- moo. The Stole Retureing Booed hod a genteral sopersisiocs over oll the frauds of thesetounteypelhminaeiesottd decidedoll ettetes comiog tip from the couoties int feces of the Ring; tted the qoestiott of sighs oe wroneg, of majorties or mintoritiet, fond em faorosmith this cotrupt carpet-hag poesy Retuettiog Booed Ansother powcertamsmed hy this Rettuttieg Booed woe to prepase oil the Septets ood mahe good ofltshe feaods committed upontt he hellos hots int the different eoonties hy the Ring, antd defie the some hefore the Sltst Booed of Cosvassess. Wheeee opposi- tiottittottyccoty wastsostrontgoamongthetfreedmetttht mont- ey and intimidation met not sufficient to semose it the Rieg sswoldproposetacomprotmisshby havieg she two committees so meetsjoitly, antdths sidesthatscouldpoll ohs meet sotes so ltst meeting should hose the Respohlicatt orgaeizationt of ths on ty. Toiloustrate theirtdesperteefforts whtenthesetoommitsts wtold meet, the most of whose members wseefreedmen, she carpetheggers would tahe memhers of the committee into theis hoses, soot them 00 their sahles foe diRnerso eaksttfast, aed gist them montey to come oser hefore the committee toots a vote ;oand whent this foiled, they would hantd she freedmane some finte hoots to reatd (whent peehaps she potts fellttw did eothttow 1113from ahbuls foot") oadtell him tttsit awhile ie the parlor attd ejoy himself; while they wtttld sedire, lttching the dttor hehied themselses aed rttsh to the ettmmittee differetcottttes. Theseprehiminaroyrturinghboads,hens- seves there wee ntot eough Ring Sopportees itt a precintto hrittg op a Stettis delegation, mould appoit delegaes freom otheprecincts to mahe op the full mease. A coovict wasas suitahle foe theis purposescos the most honsmatt. The pee- cittcterettinghboards, throughteinstructions fromsthecouety reetrittghboards, ssould commii all fraodsneesosy to sustaitt the cootttyosottritg hoards inthrdioing eel anyprecinttcthat wscsnotsolidforStearns cod she Ringsttanagers. The cotttty retrninghboardswereotosuperitientd, pereccand defettdall fraudstcommittedhbythe Ring, cod maheoall necssaryoarrttge- meets forssahiog any case in mhich the prelhmioaryhboards hod foiled so hoot the mosses to the State Returttittg Booed, or to the Coteta Committee, of which Me. E. M. Choosy was seti Chefs- matt. The Sects Retrfog Booed hod a geeral sttpervisiont oveeS alhe frauds of th ese countypelhmittariesottd decidedell cttsts comingtiopfromsthe couetieshinfavorof the Rinsg; aed the questione of righs ortwrttg,of mjoiies ormiortieis,fottd 00 fetes mish this corrupt carpyt-hag poesy Returofog Booed. Antother point ssummedhby this Reurnittg Booed ices to prepare all the paers aed mahe good oll she frauds committed uo ttthe hallet hoxs ie ohs diffeent couneties hy she Rinig, aed define the tome hefoe she Sects Booed of Caecassers. Wheever opposi- titoe atty cmoty wasso stronsgoamoegthe freedmee thatmtte- sy aed iotimidatioe met ttot sufficientt so osmose it the Rieg woldpropttseoacempromisehby httsittg the two committees so meetsjointly, andsthesidethatscould poll the most sotes at stse meetieg should host the BRepohlicao orgtteization of the cotn- ty. Tttillstrate theiredesperate effosrtswhtshesecommisttes wsooldmeet, the mostsof whose memhers wseefeedmen, the carpeehaggers would tehe memhers of the committee iets their hooses, sect them at theft tahles foe diooer os hreahfast, ted gist them moey tt come osser hefore the committee tottt a sole ; aed wheo this failed, they would heed ohs freedman some flee hetth to seed (mheo perhaps she potts follow did ett knom 11B from a hbuls foot") aod tell him to sit awshile intt he parlor aod ejoy himself; while they woutld retire, lockieg the dttor hehied themseloes aed resh totshe sommittee difffereotcoutis. Thspeliminaryeturnoioghoards,whe- evrIherewere ot eoogh Rittg supporers foea precittctto hrieg op a Stearns delegatiot, moold appointt delegaes froto otheprecinctstomaheoupthe foBl meaosr. A consictwasas suhitbe foe theft yurposescas the moss honestmott. The pee- cinctreturntinghtboars,through thistrctios fromethecottety rssettfoighords,mwoold commit oll fraudsttocessarysto sttstain theocountyetcroing hoards inthrdioing out aoy precioctstht wet ot solid foe Stearns cod the Ring managers. The couety retsrniinghboardsowereto sperinend, pefectend dfeodoll frauds committedhbydthe Ring, cod maheo el ecessaryearrttge- meets foe tahing any cost ioowhichsthe pelimittoryhboards hod foiled to heat the mosses so the Stoic Retusoiog Booed, or so the Ceentoal Committee, of which Mr. E. MS. Chettey wets still Chais- man. The Stote Returnig Board hadoageerlspersision oversall the frauds of these countypreliminaresand decidedoll cootests comingoupfrom theocouotisioforof the Rittg; aed she qoestion of tight sor wrong, of majoridies or minorsities, founed n0 favoremith this corrupt carpet-hag poesy Retureieg Board. Anterpower asmumed by this Returning Booed westso prepare all the papees cod mahe good oll ohs frcods committed ttpon she hallot hots int the dffferent counties hy she Rieg, and define ohs some hefore the State Booed of Cesvassers. Wheevers opposi- tioneieaey county was sostrongoamonghse freedmethatmon- ey aed itimidation was ntto soficient so remose is the Rfttg wouldyproposeoacompromisehby hssing the two committees to meejointly, cod the side shot cottld polltshe momt soles 01 the meetittg should hosetshe Bepuhlican orgaeizatioe of the coune- sy. Ttt illustrate theft desperate efforts whets these committees wottld meet, she mttst of whose memhers weresfreedmen, the caepethaggers would sahe memhsers of she committee into theft hoses, scot them at theft tahles foe dinettr os hreahfast, and gist them moey so come oser hefoe the committee tttth a cots ; sod whee this faided, they woutld hoed the freedman some Sene hooh to toad (whee pserhaps the potts fellow did etheow -B from a hbullsfoo) aed toll him tt sit awhile intt he parslor cod enjoy himself; while they would sesire, lockieg the dosor hehied themselses aed rsh tott he committee  CARPETBAG RULE IN FLORIDA. 293 mueeting. Thenother side in ageat statef ecitementewotld hutdiligetttlyforetheirlostettestman, whoaould nothbefound untit the eutmtittee bed uactmplithed itesteeth ted the Rieg theuugh fraad and falte imprisonmtent had procured their legal sttat iR the county. Whenevr the leading coloeed mee had pluck, they would resist the catyethag crganizations abtaieed in Chit Rap, at twat the cate in the eonties uf Leuu and Jefferson. The Riug, iR the attetmpt tu captute the Black Belt counties, did Rat hesitate tutreeot tu anythiug, however ditgraceful it tmightehe. tntuvaal contythey dewthecolaehline onuoet Dan Mclnnis, and cieculated amtongthe freedmten thetoey that Mctnnis wattted to get up a mulatha chuech. John R. Scott nun plaped the traitae tu Mctnnit and eappoeted the chargetmadehbythe Ring. Jntep hE. Lee,nwhahad notheen long in the State, had heenutent ta Jacktoncilte fentm Talla- hattee hp JonathaR C. Cihhs, to A. A. Knight fur etmplup- mnent. Led teat frunm Philadelphia, aud knew- nathing uf the conditioR of the State eud the teouhle through tehich the coloeed people had pattedhbyeeason afeterpethag management. He, tuo, joined in with the Riug againtt Metnuis,, ehu uudouhtrdtp mat oneuofthemostthonetand upight cotoeed men that met eet elected to the Lrgislature in thit State. Maetie, Stearnt and many nthee leading memeee of the Ring came tu Jacheunville toeastisttin thehfght madte Mclnnis, eed succeeded in heat- ing him in the couantyconcenduon, and Lee and Scott mere nominated fur the lamer heanch of the Legislatare. That, theugh faltehood and decrptiun, eke mat weha had keen wuth- ing fat the people and againet carpethag treaahery teat de- feated to make place fur thote wehum the Ring manageetecould control. Archihald, a carpethaggee who had heen appotnted judge nf the Foueth judicial Circuit by a furmee Goceenuc, had com- plained that the ealtey at his office mat nut tafficient fue him totuhuistton. Steatnt and the Ring managersuheingeryp anxiusto tget rid uf W. H. Cheisty, their uld enemy, at Super- intendentof SchoolinDuval cunty, andrtainAchibaldend make a judicial ally of him, called a tecret meeting in Jackson- vidle to take into considetation this import ant subject. The CARPTBAGRUL IN LORIA. 93 meetieg. Theuotheretide in agreattateafecitementmuuld huntddligendly fortheielotttateman, wehuctuld nut he foned until the committer had accoumplithed its mark and the Ring theough fraud and false imprisunment had peocued their legal statut in the cuty. Wheneethe leading culured men had pluck, theywultdretitthecaptageganizationtuhtained in Chit may, as mat the cate in the contiet of Leon and Jefferton. The Ring, in the attenmpt Cu capturee the Black Belt countie, did nut hesitate Ca retoet ta anything howeer ditgraceful it mightehe. In Dacalcoanty theydewntheantaorelnenn hanest Dan Mctlnnis, and ciecalated amang the freedm en the story that Mclnnis manted Ca get ap a nmalatto church. John R. Scott nun played the traitar Ca MIntnit and eupported the chare made hy the Ring. JserphRE. Lee, wcho had nut keen lung in the State, had he en tent to Jacktoncdtle frnm Tulla- hatte hy Jonathan C. Gihhs, Ca A. A. Knight far emplop- meet. Led mat feam Philadelphia, and knem nathing af the condition uf the State and !hr teauble through wehieh thecoloed people had patttdhpyeatnn of carpethag management. He, Cue, joined in mith the Rieg againt Mctnnit,, mho undoubtedly teat onenof themostehoneteand uptight cnlored men that masnve elected en the Legitlatuee in Chit State. Martin, Stearns and many other leading memhere of the Ring came en Jacksonville tonamsisttintherfghtemadeeon Mclnnis, and succeeded in heat- ing him in the contye concention, and Lee and Scull mete numinated fur the lamee heanch of the Legitlatue. Thee, throuagh falsehood anddeception,ethe man mho had heen moth- ing fortherpeople and againt caepethag treachery man de- feated en mahe place foutChute mhom the Ring manegersteould Archihald, a carpethagger mho had ben appotnted judge of the Fourth jadicial Circithbya former Governor, had cm plumned that the talaty at hit office man nut tsficient fne him tonsuhtistton. Stearnt and the Ring managerseheingnery anxiuinatoC get rid oftW. H. Cheity, their old enemy, aseSuper- intendent of Schools in Dual countyand retain Archihald end mahe a judicial nlly of him, called a tearer meeting in Jachnon- ville en take min consideratin Chit importanttsuject. The CARPETBAG RULE IN FLORIDA. 293 meeting. Theuotheide ineageattteafeiemntmwud hunt diligenly fat their lott statesman, mho could nut he found until the committee had accomplised its mark and the Ring through fraad and false imprisunment had procured their legal status in the cunty. Whenecer the leadieg colnted men had pitch, they muld resiet the carpethag neganizatians ohtained in Chit map, at mas the case in the cunties of Lean and Jefferson. TPhe Ring, in the attempt Ca captue the Blaek Belt cuntiet, did nut hesitate touerteto anything honwecer disgeaceful iC might he. In Dacal cuntey they dem the cater Sune an honest Dan Mcttnnis, and circalated amang the freedmen the story that Mclnnis manted ta get up antlatto tchaech. John R. Scott nutw played the eraitat to Mlctnnis and tupported the charge made hy the Ring. Joeph E. Lee, wcho had not heen lung in the State, had keen tent to Jacksoncille feum Talla- hatte hy Jonathan C. Glibbt, to A. A. Knight fee employ- meet. Led twat fram Philadelphia, end knem nathing of the conditiun of the Staee and the trouble through wrhich the colued peoplerhad passedhbyreaon nfcarpethag manugement. He, too, joined in mith the Ring againt Melnnie,,wthe andoubtedly man oneof the most honestand uptight colueed men that mas ever elected en the Legitlataee in thit State. Martin, Steatnt and many othee leading membert of the Ring came Cu Jacksnville touasist in the fight made en Mclnnis, and succeeded in heat- ing him in the county concentiun, and Lee and Scott mere nominated fur the tuner hranch of the Legitlature. Thee, through faltehood and decepdion,the man weho had keen murk- ingforethe people and againut cuepetbageereacheey twat de- featedrtomake plaeforethose whom theRing managern culd control. Archihald, a earpetbagger mho had heren appotnted judge of theFurthjudiial Circuit by a former Governo, had cem. plained that the ealary of hit office mat not safficient far him tosabtiton. Stearn, and the Ring managerstbeingeery annitue tu get rid of W. H. Cheisty, their uld enemy, et Super- intendent of Schaols in Duae ctunty, and retain Aechibald and make a judicial ally uf him, called a secret meeting in Jachton- title to take into contideradion Chit impotant suhject. The  C94 ( R EI LRI metn a ttendede)hty terusee (oier ad therm - bers of the ig n suiel iscu io ensued, Itwtsfinl- ly decided that Arclt'Ltld chould hu appointed Speitedent ofhSchool,eincDul, tel Cii! ttemoved.Teditwn ferthead Arechbldia apointed tt hppened, hotttver, beforeAchibald quatleda upito thnao ut hethter, udtethe Co ttu e (uhld dthettlce ofludge and that ecifSie iteduet col ttesm ie Arciadactpt~ge L, e d Lee appoinutted judge uflthelFuttj tliculircutb omrG rohdcm plaintat th alr ttisofcestuc ieut ufut ltimto tebsit or. tten utitheRn eutectgucs hutng uety euxiout tu geturdul ofI W.'1.Cit.tthcitcold eunemt, as Stlcctcttcttdene of Sholstuiultcctcl couty,and retin Auchibald atudtutkea judicilul),ufltcttttlleduaivettctcctiu itt Jacksonville t tuke ituttnidettiunthis ittcjcucttcsubject. Thictueetitg wasettenccedlcy Stearcnsu as Governor, ttcldtctctier eter ulche Rineg, autl a spitt ite diuctio utse c. It tut dunally tdecided that Archibald sill l1appinted SuperintteetuofhSchoulstin Duvaelud (itlu ttttuut e. Thceuli(ttwent futth, catd Aeciti- bacldctasctpotinted. It Icppeiut, htuwtvtc, befute hArltilbald qealified, a u estioncarose as cu ceter, uuder tet Cunstittion, he cuuldhuild theofhicecf tulhttud elcat uofttpetiuteudent uf Schuuls t thetuuedtime. Thet tered noutthng furethe tuuuittu- tion uttcte realquestouuccatoteltuc RandallltdWetutt would detidtde uttet. Itultcatiteoeuageedtouget tltcpi- veteuopininufteChicif justice,celichuutshad. He itnfueced themtthattthutctry moumtent Aurcibald ucuepted tltu uffice uf SuperintenetoftShooulselie vteudltfiteastiulge. Atsec edtteting wastecalledtuJacksuontille, uwhich brouuglc Stearttt cud hit riug matcugees tugether. At thituteetintgit tect decided that ueceuf Archilteld's icet fiendssltulheappuineed ted thet Arclhiaddrctw the uty antd.peerutrm tite dutties of the office. Thiu decree taset uuee put iu etetutiun hy the appuintete uf oue Ruliteutf Ft. Geotge, it) Duval couty, cs Sueriuteudeut, cud Archihtld dretc the pay cud pehforted the duties uf the uffice. Fhit little tuantection wtorhed nicely fee teveral mounths, thee there app~ecred itt the poeliticel hueituu c speek ut cloud 294 1 ;R L NIOi I metig asetered bu Stettus at Goeno ecaecd otherem hbesf tte Rutg and ac sitel dieccuuo entued. Ituces fueal- lydcidedthut Attial csihould hq apoited Superintendent ofSholsuuittDtctl, anc tCristretv(] 'The edict tweut feth, atd Archheald etc apucin It happenced, huueer, hefur chialdl tcalifed, tpiticnthenc ceuse cistohether, undr te C-titiion 1 coldheld the uffdec ofjudge cud thatfSercuccedcu o chcls tthesaedie. Achiblacrpth,,r ,k a Lcclccc cpecutedljudge ofltieclch tlcl Cirtcui aa ehccucuuechioernor, ltictotu sehsistuor hteuucicsad tceRingdmanters hciug cuty cuxiuse toegetiuoltl 1 tllltcttheirllceeuy es uepettnteudeut offSchools icDvlony, cdI i Arcthibald ted uttkea judicialcallyctflccccte llcd acutet IIt ctttg tt Jtckceccille t tahe itooridrtothsapatubtcchi tueetiug wasatendedc by ean asct tu ana tuc ot ttcer utetulcec f tlte Ring, ancc piiec isuso eccutl If ua finaully decided tlclthatcbld cccltllecpiiuueelericcdtcfhSchttoltiu DuvalcndChritttenei ThceetuweutfthtlandtArchi- haldewaseppoied.c It hapenledc howteer btefote Archthald qualified, alusinrss tchthcer udet the Couutitutiuu, he could heold thee of ficelhue cud tuatuof Supcecuntendeut of Schooletcteete. Fre (lccu cu nthtgluothte'Constit- tionuhutcthet relquesctiouuasa etc ehowuRandll antd lletctt wuld dectcceetter It uculteefoetecgeedetoget thepi- vateopinioneofdteChif justice hichttut hd. Hetenfetued themtehut the very moenet Archibtaldeccepted the office uf Seperintendent ofhchoolthle vacctcdihisofhceccsjedge. Atsec uud metinegewclledhtnJcksonille, uhichlbrughthtearus ted hit ring mttnegees together At thiu teecting it twae decided that cue uf Aechiheld's hett ftieds shtotld he appoieted ted that Archihcld dretw the pay cud. peefoere te detiet of the office Thes dece tutu ct euce pet it etecetien hy the cappoietent of one Relheeeto Fc. Georgeie DuvacountycehseSpeitendet, and Archibalddewthe pay ted performted the dutdee ofthe office Thie little transactlee teethed ticety fee several emonths, whetherecapecred ic the political hotizoe c sttech of cloud hces elithe Renn ac spirited clcuucun ecsteci Iteecefieel- ly decideddthat Arcchibald shuti1) lccpueluperintendent ofhSchooelstccvl, n utl ety reucued. Theedietete fortuadhArchibald wasctttyctet. Ithacpened, hoeer, hefoeeArchibald quliedal ta hnoea t whehuer tindertchefeCotiuceu, hetolil]tldchefieofJudge and thee of c ipcrtcen ut of Schol eel h aetie A a hii ba d I cc ppoirited judge efetee Folthjuciatl CLccucc elafime kvrnr cute- 1litcetlthat thesaleryce echufice\ lno ufcitcnt fee timttet euhsist o. Stearns tclte Rint utnetde ein eye xou eoegcetofW H. Christy theruld counyes1 tup tuetedent ofhSchoolseciludalcouunty eudtleceuc hchdcldandtmakeca judicial llyo htimtt i le1a crt iectiug ht Jacksonville t take incu ilea~uiti ccecrtthuject. This meeting was ~ ~ ~ ~ ~~c tteddudutansa oeaoa dter emerslcetht Ring, aci a spcrctedl icue~ cencc el- It cae hunally decided that Archilcd shol hliupoecclScleiuteedeuteof Shoolsin Devalutnd stt-ttenec ]lte ecic enutfoth, cud Archk- held wue acppointed. It haened, huwever, befoe Archilbald qualified, e question arose as to wetehee, under the Contitution, betcul heold the ofie ofidel~ cud deat of Superinendient of Schoolcsedeeact e the uaetim. ehiev aed thingfoete osi eiuehcbt theel uestcsetuhowe Randall cud Wetceet woulhtdecdde te mtter. Itceccdtereforecagreed togeet te pri- uvaeyhdniouo tldelChiclJustite,ewhichuwctud. Heuinformed thtetthatetheeymoetArhbddcceted theuoffhce of hcpedutendent ot Sechsletvcated his offiecesjudge. Atsee enduteeting tasecalledintJcksonville, ehich hroughe heteen and hisinu ngerheetogethec. Atdtismetieghtcasdeided thee cue of Aechiheld'sheet friendscshouelh eappointed dthat Aechibald drawethe payeand.peforee dtdudiesofthe office Thistdeceeewascttonce pet it execudionhyhe appoinetment of oeu Rulliceuof Fc. Guege, it IDuval couty, ae Seperintendent, and Archihald dewtthe pep cud perfoermed the dutdes ofethe office. Thie little traneaction teethed nicele fee several meethe, whee there appeared itt the pulitical horizoneaespech of cloud  CAPP'11AG, ULFIN FORIA. 095 twhich kept inceig in site aced ugliess unil the ter-striek- enetbgerseere force tocll Rollins tohis post. J. W. Betey,ottwealtby fleet eera, beingc- member of the School Bad,ctende'd tha o int'choerealhSuperinen~dentcouldonot deputie Achbald tc pioc-te hit dittes. The et pecbeggers, fearing thtltecmtterc iughe be meade public, clled Rollies ee hisepest. 'ihe judge, toeerc, twas paid fro odee tie e he s epyoieted-thct isontteetie e wa apcpcointed oteceig Rellies's apojeeoent. Whethee tlee judge continued t eev the etiary of Sup eitedet .tftcr the oecreatd by Bentley wsoeit et known, buttit is preented thatoa fair division wasemaddoof tceesalareliedd nteigte jdehi. The lie hcctteeeetho Ring ted anteih cleen inth Repoblica parcoty weee n-ete- mlettore dititbootha wereethe flet bt,~t ee tlte Demeoceatie aod Repulcanpates e. Celoeed me nthe Bdlotk Itelt (eotities, cetre ef ttca beeoultd scaecely wreite theireenatet, ad beeneappointed Ject'eoftbe Peace,tnd eteet nown celled eieoe to cso thceir aoitiy to comopeletleefreed- mnto seer allegionce to Stearns. Falset chargectere trumeped op toed they 'tere carried lbefore tihese Jeocstieccethe Shetiffe in somecoutietassisinig igettingoup theechtge. The colored defendantesoteconceyed to joil seceetly, ted afher beieg safely lodged in lprisen nould be told by the Siteriff thee if he wteeld soppoet Steates aec! the Rieg he should be st at liherty. We tahe foe illuetratiotn the followieg Ie Leen County the eop- position te Stearns and the Rieg teat more powerful thae in any otheteceuty, fee [he reason thee the colored leedees en opposi- tionetethe Ring ie thee ecounty hod moree pleeb 'fee yong colored mete who ere eativee of the econty, hod been snt toeschool inGeorgia,eand hacomehbacktwith afireducaio. Ofteoure when they eeame heelk to the econty they hod ceffiejent ineelligene te eett theit feetpret with the enti-Ring freedmen. They, heing nattives, hod great influence nith the feeedmen. The Ring disoeeed thisfeet,eandeueeeteh to hey them offeand hringetheir iefloece te Steetne. One of thete yong men, JameseD. Thompson, noeeanettoreny et lae, coot paid tome fifty dollarn to go oner to the Ring. He reeived the money verey thankfully, end then tent to the lierny stahlec hiredaoe cccEPA tULI LRD. 0195 ewhich hep1 inraigi)sz n glinesst util tce teror-trc- en earyetbaggerstoere lotted to toll Rollins to hes poet. J. W. Bentdey,oo elthyle~toe rttieingont embcerofehehShool Boardcotendied choat Rolios, the reailoperitridet odceould not deyutite Achiboldto c iefocco hic dites. Ticaeotbacgbeers, fearing elect fice mer ucghct ice neode Pobie, coiled Rolince to his post. The jude Ihowever, cc's caid from cte ejme lice wasc eyyoined-thae to, from cte cime ht eo ts apointed yeceding Rollins'seeppoetmen. WIhethee cte jodge cotetiotted toereceive the solary of Soupeoitenent afterthe sotet reaoed by Senottey caooter, is et 0no00 ] et it is presumted flee o foir dieiio wasemaelof thetsaaryta tie ddteeesibtho judgesip. Theeiesctweenlthe Ringcoedo lntfoi leentoinethe Reyttiit atywr nw(ra tmoeostn lyta wrth lnshteen the Decocrctie ted Repiec ano carttes. Colored met ice cte la~ck Bltcoutntie, toote of wehomc couldi scarely wteetheireaese, hodeentappointed juties of tie Peace, end were eon colled uon to 000 their atority te comopel flee fieed- toen to sowe ellegianee to Stens. False eheegeccweeeteemped upyaodtheyoweeecarriedhefoe Scott Jutceo- the Sherifhs in somnecoontieseassitingfinettnge theecharoes. Thecore defendant tee, oftenceoneeedto jail secetly, aod oboer being nefelp lodged in peison wnoold ho told by the Sheridf thee if he would coppoet Steaees ad the Ring he ehould he st at liberty. Wetakee foe illustrtttion the fdoloowing: to Leon Ceounty the ny- position to Stearns and the Ring teat mote poowefuli thee in any otheeecounty, foe the cocoon thee the coeoed leadees in opyosi- tion tothe Ring i0 fleet county hod mote pluch Too young coloeed men wo weeeeeiees of the county, hod been tent tonechoo inGeorgi,eandhodecomehoeaciha feir educeedon. Ofeooeee wenhe) caymone baek to the county they hod suffiet intelligeneceocatetheie feecececo with the anti-Ring freedmen. They, being netivee, hod greet influence with the freedmen. The Ring diseoeeedthisfact, andounlereonk to hey them eff end heingetheir influenee to Stens. One of these young men, JameseD. Thomyson, now nettoney 01 law, wasc yaid tome fifty dollaes en go onee to the Ring. He reeived the money very thanhfnlly, end thee meet en the livery stahle, hiredoahore toPEBA tote. tet FLORIDA ''95 wnhichhkeptoincreaingoinsize oand ulonecseoniflee teetor-treich- en carptbaoggers were ftreedeitoecallRolinsto hispost. j. IV. gentley,a wealhy Dlemocrat, beeng o-ceomber ef, the Sehool Board,tcoten.dfec thito~flcle reelSocerintendetceouldeot feicyfle Aechiboid to yecftooi hee duese Thte crptbaggers, feoringttb temaettriiibe be mode pic,~1 calledi Rollins to his pot. 'The Jcd,4e, ictotecc, eec yasptd froteeee toot. liee ens aoted-ebee it, lot te time heowtopipted preceding Rollins's apoltPintoeo. Whthee the judgfe tcntne toeciv the salary ofheuperiteet atee the teoc ceece by Bentey waseover, istnethknown,itli tene~ed tieefte ebiriiion tee onoe fof tcetslaer, ascle did ntrsgthjuehit. 'flee lie Ottw~teen te Rhing a. o 'et Itco lemeot in the Repulicanat wer tte tette tleotetttttoo dtittic et ewee te hoots between the feocrtile ood Repuehicon paties. Colored menohinflee fBack Belt c~ounties, scoot ef ohone could sccely writeotheirnae,bedbe.en appohnted jutceof the Peaceeand ere note toiled uon to 000 theit oothority ice comethle freed- toen to tootr alliegianece to Steerns. Palel echarfes Otto trumped tipoand te)eettattttedlbeftethee Jootcec the Sheriffs in soeeeee tiesaesitinlg in gtting otheihae. 'The colored defendantowashoftecneedcto jeil secretly, atd efter being safely lodged in peison would be teld by the Sieeiff thee if he wcould sorttearnseeo fle te Ring he chould be st at lihety. Wie tehe foe illustration the felieowing In Leon Couney the oy- poiinto Steerns end te Ring teat moe poerful then in any othercounty, forcheeaesonethattheooed leaders in opyosi- tionetotheeRhng indteatcoty hdmeelck Tooung colored men wo ere netitee of the couety, hod been tent totschool ioGeorgia,eand hadeoehackow'thea fedr eduction. Ofeneese cohene they tome back to the ecounty they hod sufficient intelligenen tocat eheir foetenec wnith the anti-Rineg freedmen. They, heing netives, hod geat influenee coith the freedmen. The Ring disoeredthisfact, andoodneonk to hey them offeand heingetheir influence en Steatns. One of these peoung men, JameseD.Thompson, nowanottorney t law, non paid tome fifty dollaes to go oner to the Ring. He teceived the money veey thankhfully, end then tent to the liveey stahle, hieed a hoese  296 CARPETBAG RULE INFLORIDA. andhnuggy, and scent oat tona pablic meceting wehee he enposed the Siheriff-Major E. C. Weeke, carpetbagge-nho had paid him the money. This action aa the pact of Thompson had the effect of greasly injucing the Ring in chat county. A fete days after, Thompson ws aecested and lndged in jail hy the Siheriff without any complaint having then heen made against hint. Thnmpsn gavehbonds,andwas attemptinggtn prnceed against the Sihetiff fne false intpriscnmecat. Thit wsa disoacered hy the Sherifi and Thnmpsn 'cat again nrcessed, wchen he then filed a petition hefare jadge J. D. Wcstcast, one of the Sapceme judges, foratwcit oft htceascopua, which teas at once gcantct, and he- face the Siheriff had time to fin things op Thompsn Gas hefne she cones. The jadge at ancc insqaired into the cause of Thomnp- san's imprisonment, aod fonnd that the Siheriff had no commit- ment or other authorisy apan wchich so hold him. In she peti- tian foe the scrit of tattoo corpaa Thompsan had penyed that a summonstdceo tecm be issued to one De Vaughnt, a coloeed Jos- siceofthe Peace, toshascmhethehe had issucd sny scareans aganst him. De Vaghn madc his appearance hefoee judge Wettctt, andhbe and the Sherf being separated, and not al- lowed ta hear eaah othec's evidence, De Vaughn sweone shot he had given the Siheriff a commisment foe Thompson on account of an affidavit tahen in hit cones aganst him, hat coutd not pen- dace she affidavis, nor canld he telt the natuee of the comptaint noathy schom made. The jadge tonk this testimony in weiting. When she Siheriff testified, he stated that De Vaughn had not given him a commitment foe Thompson, tot that he hat aret- cd Thompson on suspicion. Thompson wsa discharged, and wehentthc Grandjuey met ithappened that amajority of is ws composednof Democratsantdati-Rinsg freedmen. Westeost ap- pearedhbefoeethe Grandjury and preesented this testimony. De Vaughn scas indicted foe perjury. W~hen he wsa arraigned hefore the couet foretrial,najuryswas impanneled ofsthe most ig- norant and dishonest of she colored men, all blacks-in fact, they mere piched foe theie special nosorety in the communisy as cosc, hag and chichen thieves, and hept anoand she court house and ap and dotes she streets of Tallahassee, schishied, fed and paid so induce the mattes to suttain Sitearns and the Ring. 296 CAREAa nRULn INFOIA and hoggy, and scent oat tooa puhlic meeting wchere he exposed the Siheriff.-Major E. C. Weehs, carpethagge-wmho hat paid him the money. This actinona the poet of Thompsan had the effect of geatly injating she Ring in that coanty. A fete days after, Thompsan ws areessed and lodged in jail hy she Siheeiff without any complaint having then heen made against him. Thompsongavechonds, andmwas attemptingsto proceed against the Siheriff foe false imprisonmcent. This ws discooered hy she Siheeiff and Thompson oat again areested, wchen he then filed a petition hefoe jadge J. D. Wescats, one of she Suapreme jadget, floe a meit of habe at caspay, wchich wscat asooce geanted, and he- fore she Siheriff had time to fin things op Thompson teas hefoe the coaet. The judge as once inquired into she cause ofThomp- son'simpisonment, andfoundsthatsthe Sheriff had no commit- moos on other authocity uon wchich so hold him. In the peti- sian foe the tetit of tattoo carpua Thompton had prayed that a summons dne tzn beisuetoaonefDe Vaughn, acoloed js- ticeaofithetPeace, to showcmhethereeha issaed nny waeeant against him. De Vaughn mate his appearance hefoee judge Westeott, andthe ant the Siheriff heing separated, and not al- lamed to hear each othee's evidence, De Vaghn smore that he hnd given she Siheeiff a commitment foe Thompson on account of an affidavit tahen in his court against him, hutscoald not pen- duce the affidavit, nor coald he tell the nature of she complaint nor hy wchom made. The judge ttaoh this tettimany in winciing. When she Siheriff testified, he stated that De Vaughn had not given him a commitment foe Thompson, and that he hat access- ed Thompson an suspicion. Thompson wsa discharged, and wchen the Grand jurymet it happened thatnamajoity of it wsca composed of Democeats and anti-Ring freedmen. Westeots ap- pearedhbeforeethceGandjury and peesented this testimony. De Vaughn teat indicted foe perjuey. When he ws aeraigned hefore the enact foe trial, a jary teas impanneled of she most ig- norant and dishonest of the caooed men, all blacks-in fact, they mete piched foe theie special notoriety in the commanity as note, hog and chichen thieves, and heps around the coat honse and up and damn the steets of Tallahamee, schishied, fed and paid to indace the mastes to sustain fSearns and she Ring. 296 CAnETBAG nUE IN FLOnIDA. andhouggy, ond scent ass tona puhlic meeting wchere he exposed the Siheriff-Major R. C. Weehs, catpethagger-wcho had paid him the money. This action on she pact of Thompton hnd the effect of geatly injariog the Ring in that coanty. A fete days aftee, Thompson wsca ateested and lodged in jail hy the Siheciff wcithout any complaint having then heen made against him. Thompson gaecbonds, andtasattempting to proceed against the Siheriff foe false impeisanmeot. This wsca discoveced hy the Siheeiff atd Thompson wsca again areedc, wchen he then filed a petition hefore judge J. D. Wassoots, one of the Suopeeme judges, foe a writ of taatto c-rcpa, schich teas as once granted, ant he- face she Siheciff had time so fin things ap Thompson wsca hefore the cases. The judge at once inquired ino the case of Thomp- son's imprisonment, andtfoundthat she Siheriff had no commit- scent at oshee authotity upon wchich so halt him. In she peti- tion fat the melt of taatto aopua Thompsson had peayed that a summons dnce temhbeimauetoneDe Vagho, acoloeed jas- tice of the Peace, tothowshther he had issued ny maccant ngainst him. De Vaughn mate his appeaeance hefoe jadge Wescottand he and she Siheriff heing separated, and not at- losced tohearceachaother'seienc, De Vaughn steore that he hnd gicen the Siheeiff a commitment foe Thompson an account nf an affidavit tahen in his coart against him, hat could not pen- toce the affidavit, noe could he tell the nature of the complaint nor hy wchom mate. The judge tooh this testimony in melting. When the Siheciff testified, he stated that De Vaughn had not given him a commitment foe Thompson, andtshot he had arrest- ed Thompson an saspicion. Thompson was dischaeged, and wchen the Griand juey met it happened that a majoeity of is teas composed of Democeats ant anti-Riog freeedmen. Wesicott ap- pearedhefore the Grandjury andpeened this testimony. De Vaaghn tens indicted foe peejue. When he teas arraigned before the court foe teial,a jurytwasimpanneled of the mostsig- noeantsand dishonest ofsthe coloredmen, allhlachs-in fac, theyteree pickedforetheircspecial notorietyinsthe community as note, hog and chichen shieves, and Sept atound she couee honse and op ant damn the treets of Tallahassee, schishied, fed and paid so induce she mamses to sustain Seans and the Ring.  CARPETBAG RULE IN FLORIDA. 297 CARPETBAG RULE IN FLORIDA. 297 CARPETBAG RULE IN FLORIDA. 297 Judge Westcott's testimony against De Vaughn had no more effect upon the minds of this so-called jury than a drop of fresh water would have upon the Atlantic ocean to affect its saltness. De Vaughn was acquitted after the jury had spent some time in room, though during the time spent there they weere not delib- erating upon the testimony and the law given them by the Court, but deliberating as to who they could get to write their verdict. Finally the Deputy Sheriff wrote the verdict and signed the name of the foreman. This was a grand victory for Stearns-the sav- ing this perjured colored brother from the State prison, and all thecow, hog and chicken thieves throughout the county and State, as the news was conveyed to them, shouted hurrah for Stearns. This is only one imperfect sample (but the imperfec- tion consists in not being able to give the full details of the vic. tory) of the many acts of oppression the people of Florida under- went while passing through the fiery furnace of carpet-bagism. The Northern machine politicians assert that it was the in- competende and unfaithfulness of the negro voter to the Repub- lican party that brought about the unhealthy condition of things which made the solid South,- it was these and kindred acts of the carpetbaggers which furnish the key to unlock the door that reveals the secrets of the solid South, while these very car- petbaggers were sustained by the Northern machine politicians. From the beginning to the end of Stearns' so-called administra. tion it was contaminated with packed juries for. political pur- poses, and during the last two years of his term it became a patent fact that scarcely a person brought before the courts in the Black Belt counties could be convicted from the fact that the petit juries were mostly composed of the very worst element among the freedmen-that element that made its living by steal- ing pigs, chickens, cows, and other property from the whites and the more industrious freedmen. When an acquittal could not be had in the most conclusive case of larceny by reason of some honest freedman or some white man on the jury, the thieves on thejury, or those who sympathized with the thief, would cause a mistrial, which, in most cases would end in an acquittal. So far as the juries and the ministerial officers were concerned, the courts for the last two years of Stearns' administration were mere Judge Westcott's testimony against De Vaughn had no more effect upon the minds of this so-called jury than a drop of fresh water would have upon the Atlantic ocean to affect its saltness. De Vaughn was acquitted after the jury had spent some time in room, though during the time spent there they were not delib- erating upon the testimony and the law given them by the Court, but deliberating as to who they could get to write their verdict. Finally the Deputy Sheriff wrote the verdict and signed the name of the foreman. This was a grand victory for Stearns-the sav- ing this perjured colored brother from the State prison, and all the cow, hog and chicken thieves throughout the county and State, as the news was conveyed to them, shouted hurrah for Stearns. This is only one imperfect sample (but the imperfec. tion consists in not being able to give the full details of the vic- tory) of the many acts of oppression the people of Florida under- went while passing through the fiery furnace of carpet-bagism. The Northern machine politicians assert that it was the in. competende and unfaithfulness of the negro voter to the Repub- lican party that brought about the unhealthy condition of things which made the solid South,- it was these and kindred acts of the carpetbaggers which furnish the key to unlock the door that reveals the secrets of the solid South, while these very car- petbaggers were sustained by the Northern machine politicians. From the beginning to the end of Stearns' so-called administra. tion it was contaminated with packed juries for. political pur. poses, and during the last two years of his term it became a patent fact that scarcely a person brought before the courts in the Black Belt counties could be convicted from the fact that the petit juries were mostly composed of the very worst element among the freedmen-that element that made its living by steal- ing pigs, chickens, cows, and other property from the whites and the more industrious freedmen. When an acquittal could not be had in the most conclusive case of larceny by reason of some honest freedman or some white man on the jury, the thieves on the jury, or those who sympathized with the thief, would cause a mistrial, which, in most cases would end in an acquittal. So far as the juries and the ministerial officers were concerned, the courts for the last two years of Stearns' administration were mere Judge Westcott's testimony against De Vaughn had no more effect upon the minds of this so-called jury than a drop of fresh water would have upon the Atlantic ocean to affect its saltness. De Vaughn was acquitted after the jury had spent some time in room, though during the time spent there they were not delib- erating upon the testimony and the law given them by the Court, but deliberating as to who they could get to write their verdict. Finally the Deputy Sheriff wrote the verdict and signed the name of the foreman. This was a grand victory for Stearns-the sav- ing this perjured colored brother from the State prison, and all the cow, hog and chicken thieves throughout the county and State, as the news was conveyed to them, shouted hurrah for Stearns. This is only one imperfect sample (but the imperfec- tion consists in not being able to give the full details of the vic- tory) of the many acts of oppression the people of Florida under- went while passing through the fiery furnace of carpet-bagism. The Northern machine politicians assert that it was the in- competenee and unfaithfulness of the negro voter to the Repub- lican party that brought about the unhealthy condition of things which made the solid South,- it was these and kindred acts of the carpetbaggers which furnish the key to unlock the door that reveals the secrets ofthe solid South, while these very car- petbaggers were sustained by the Northern machine politicians. From the beginning to the end of Stearns' so-called administra. tion it was contaminated with packed juries for, political pur- poses, and during the last two years of his term it became a patent fact that scarcely a person brought before the courts in the Black Belt counties could be convicted from the fact that the petit juries were mostly composed of the very worst element among the freedmen-that element that made its living by steal- ing pigs, chickens, cows, and other property from the whites and the more industrious freedmen. When an acquittal could not be had in the most conclusive case of larceny by reason of some honest freedman or some white man on the jury, the thieves on the jury, or those who sympathized with the thief, would cause a mistrial, which, in most cases would end in an acquittal. So far as the juries and the ministerial officers were concerned, the courts for the last two years of Stearns' administration were mere  298 CARPEcicto RULEINFODA political clabs fat the purpose of securing hit electiont. The peo- ple, both black aod white, bccamoc disheareed ont accouot of the losseofftockbtheoafh thieft and alost gave op ansm sectiont tbe inductey of stock caisittf, whbich, foe sonie years tained the Black Belt counties, attd beought thosetrho owned the lards in dcbt, at well asthe fteedomec, wsho had to get thelandlord orcmeechant totsenofand byceeyoucd of meat that tbey ate. The Confeessiol delefation, with the exceydos of Abijab Gilbert, noo being against the Rinf, they deteetoioed to makhe a desperate fight to secure both Congrcessmen, tho Uoited Stotes Senator, and as maey metobeet of the Legislatoe at possible preparatoy tofgainingfcontrol of theetie Fedeal patoag, or atleastto so cipple Conooceeas toaloace hit wcith noinfou- enewith the Presidet. The Democrats nomoinated judge Fis- Icy in the Second Coonessional District, and J. T. Walls com- pletely cleaned oat the Ring is that Disteict aod wat nomtinated. John A. Heoderson teoretided an Leon county. Theso atoei- osPueman, thee a membeof Conrfesst ferottheFirt Congress- ional District, was determined to he renominated ; hot the Ring, with Stearns atitsthead, couldntfor d tohave him goaback to Congress aftee hacief beteayed them aed fone io wcith Cosocee. The retourning boaeds of lihe paety had been insteucted io all the counties in this Disteict to send anti-Patin delegates ; aed whenever they could not get people eoug~h together to hold a convention, they wcere to appoiot delefations and teed them op to the Disteict Convention. This mat accordingly done. The astute Potman hearng of this fact, so aeeanfed things at to cap- tore the convention, the dclefates trot op by the returning boards to the contrary notwthhstanding. The cooveotio as galled to order and an anti-Ring delegate elected as chaieman. A foll set of officees mat eleated, all of whtom mere aeti-Ring, and a committee on credentials appointed. The coovention then took aoreests tooawait the report of the committee on ce dentials. When the convention reassembled it found that the Ring had oaptured the Bate Assembly Hall in which they had ssembled, and had porna Ring ehaieman in the place of the ore elected by the convention. When the anti-Ring delegates at- 098 cARtEetts ocLc to cFLOIDA. politieot daubs foe the putepose of securing his election. The peo- ple, both black aod white, becamoe disheartenced on account of the loss offtockthrough tlsieft attdalmostgaveaup insom secti~ons thse industry of stock raisinsg, wchich, foe tstme years coined the Black Bclt Coutnties, and broughhethosewho owned the lasds io debt, as wecll as ste freedmen, abo had In get the landlord oe smeechaotstoed off and buy ecery posed of meat that they ate. The Congeessional delefatiotn, wcith tlse exception of Ahijab Gilbert, nowboiog agaiost the Ring, they dceemiocd to make a desperate fight to secare bath Congesmoen, the United States Senatoe, and as maoy mteesof tihe Legislature as possible preparatoryto gaining cotrol of theetieFedeal patonage, or at least toso cipple Conocveas to leace tim wcith noainflu- ence with the President. The Democeats naoinated jadge Fin- ley in the Second Congeessional District, and J. T. Walls com- pletely cleaned oat the Ring io that District aod 0-at Romtieated. John A. Henderson tlteo resided in Leoo counsty. 'Me notoet- oos Putoman, then a membervof Cosgress from the First Congres- ionat District, was determioed tabenominated; hut the Ring, with Stearnssat ishead, could ntatafford thave himotobackbto Conress after having betrayed them and gose in wcith Conocee. The returning hoards of ste paety had heen istrteced it all the counties in this District to tend anti-Psesoan delegates ;aod whenever they cttuld not get peopsle enough together to hold a convention, they twere to appoint delegations and seed theto up to the District Cosvention. This mat accordingly done. The asute Poeman hearing of this fact, so arranged things as to cap- lore the convention, the delegates sent up by the retrtoning boards to the contrary notwithstanding. The conventin was called tn order and an anti-Ring delegate elected as chairman. A foil set nf oficers was elected, all of whtom mere anti-Ring, and a committee on credentials appointed. The convntion then took arrecess to await the repoetnof the committee on cre- dentials. When the convention reassembled it found that she Ring had captured the State Assemhly Hall is which they had assembled, and had pot a Ring chairman in the place of the ore elected by the convention, When the anti-Ring delegates at- 298 AE'BGRLINIFR . political elubs for the pturpose of tecureing his election. The pea- pie, both blaek and white, becamec disheartened on account of the loss oftock through tisieft atnd almstt gace ap instome sctionst he indostry of stock raitittg, twhich, foe tosic yeaes rained the Bllack Belt counties, ated berought these who owned the lands in debt, as veil as the freeden, who had to get the landlord or erechant to send off and buy everypound nfl meat that they ate. The Congressional delegation, scith, thte excetioo of Ahijab Gilbert, stow bring against the Ring, titey deteeesined to esake a desperate fight to secure bath Congressen, the Utnited States Senator, and as mantymemberssof te Legislatue as possible preparatory to gaining control of the entiee Federal patonsage, nr atleastto so cipple Conover as to leave ties wcith noinflu- ence with the Presidetnt. The Democrats Rominated judge Fin- ley in the Second Congressional District, ansd J. T. Waolls com- pletely droaned out the Ring in that District and wsca noesioated. John A. Henderson ttten resided in Leottounosy. Isantoi ous Putman, then aesemberof Cogess fromstte First Congess- ional District, was detrmined to he renotoinated ;bat tite Ring, with Stearns at its head, coulid totafford to hace hint gohback to Congress after hating betrayed thtees aod gone an with Conoer. The returning hoards of tite party had beeo instructed is all the counties in this District so send anti-Pocesan delegates; and whenrver thry coold not get people enough together to hold a convention, they weee to appoint delegations sod send them op In the District Convention. This was accordingly done. The astute Parman hearing of this fact, so arranged things as to cap- ture the consention, the delegates sent up by the returning hoards to the contrany notwithstanding. The coscventiun was called to urder and an anti-Ring delegate elected as chairman, A foil set of officers was elected, all of whtom were anti-Ring, and a committee on cedrntials appointed. Tbhe consention then took a recess to await the report uf the committee on cre- dentials, When the contention reassembled it found that the Ring bad captured the State Assembly Hall in which they had assembled, and had pasoa Ring chairman in thn place of the one elected by nbc convention, When the anni-Ring delegates at-  CARPETBAG RULE IN FLORIDA. 299 tempted to enter a general mob began. The scene was now in. describable. Knives, pistols, clubs and everything that could be used for head-breaking, were sought after as eagerly as though the life of the seeker depended upon the discovery of the article sought, and this was about the case. The poor ignorant freed- men knocked each other down with clubs and broke each others heads, until there was not left a desk in the Assembly chamber but had lost from one to all its legs to be used upon the heads and bodies of the freedmen in the defence of the most de- ceptive and corrupt set of men that have ever planted foot on Southern soil. Stearns, being at the head of the government, ordered Purman and his followers from the capitol, and threat- ened to call out the militia (most of whom were disreputable col- ored persons lying around to intimidate other freedmen into the support of Stearns) if they should refuse to go. Purman called his convention in the public street and then nominated himself for Congress. The Ring and Stearns had promised to nominate Jonathan C. Gibbs, then in Stearns' Cabmnet; but they were afraid to nominate him, as they thought he might be ableto whip Puran out of the field and get to Congress, when, remem- bering how the Ring had treated himselfand Governor Reed, this elephant might, with his heavy black foot,ibe able to crush them worse than PTurman could. Robert Meacham, who had always been completely controlled by the Ring, was nominated as the Ring candidate. Mr. Gibbs, who had always opposed Puman and his methods, both in Jackson county and in his former nomina- tion to Congress, was in perfect health before the meeting of the convention and during its sitting. He had just finished deliver- ing a powerful speech against Purman in the Stearns' convention, reacapitulating all his cruelty. He went home and ate a hearty dinner, after which he suddenly died. It was whispered and generally believed that he was poisoned by some of the carpet- baggers, because they dreaded his growing popularity; but whether it was the Ring or Purman wing, was not ascertained. The contest now opened in the Black Belt counties in West and Middle Florida for Ring supremacy. Osborn, and other mem- bers of the Ring being interested in the scheme of the Great Southern Railroad, and having hopes that the scheme would be CARPErPAG RULE1 IN FLORIDA. 299 tempted toentee eneeral mob began. The scene was now in- describable. Knives, pistols, clubs and everything that could be used for head-breaking, were sought after as eagerly as though the life of the seeker depended upon the discovery of the article sought, and this was about the case. The poor ignorant freed- men knocked each other down with clubs and broke each others heads, until there was not left a desk in the Assembly chamber but had lost firoi one to all its legs to be used upon the heads and bodies of the freedmen in the defence of the most de- ceptive and corrupt set of men that have ever planted foot on Southern soil. Stearns, being at the head of the government, ordered Purnan and his followers from the capitol, and threat- ened to call out the militia (most of whom were disreputable col- ored persons lying around to intimidate other freedmen into the support of Stearns) if they should refuse to go. Purman called his convention in the public street and then noninated himself for Congress. The Ring and Stearns had promised to nominate Jonathan C. Gibbs, then in Stearns' Cabnet; but they were afraid to nominate him, as they thought he might be able-to whip Purman out of the field and get to Congress, when, remem- bering how the Ring had treated hicselfand Governor Reed, this elephant might, with his heavy black fitcbe able to crush them worse than Purman could. Robert Meacham, who had always been completely controlled by the Ring, was nominated as the Ring candidate. Mr. Gibbs, who had always opposed Purman and his methods, both in Jackson county and in his former nomina. tion to Congress, was in perfect health before the meeting of the convention and during its sitting. He had just fnished deliver- ing a powerful speech against Purman in the Stearns' convention, reacapitulating all his cruelty. He went home and ate a hearty dinner, after whlch he suddenly died. It was whispered and generally believed that he was poisoned by some of the carpet- baggers, because they dreaded his growing popularity; but whether it was the Ring or Putman wing, was not ascertained. The contest now opened in the Black Belt counties in West and Middle Florida for Ring supremacy. Osborn, and other mem- bers of the Ring being interested in the scheme of the Great Southern Railroad, and having hopes that the scheme would be CARPErnAo RULE IN FLORIDA. 299 tempted to enter a general mob began. The scene was now in- describable. Knives, pistols, clubs and everything that could be used for head-breaking, were Sought after as eagerly as though the life of the seeker depended upon the discovery of the article sought, and this was about the case. The poor ignorant fireed- men knocked each other down with clubs and broke each others heads, until there was not left a desk in the Assembly chamber but had lost from one to all its legs to be used upon the heads and bodies of the freedmen in the defence of the most de- ceptive and corrupt set of men that have ever planted foot on Southern soil. Stearns, being at the head of the government, ordered Putman and his followers from the capitol, and threat- ened to call out the militia (most of whom were disreputable col- ored persons lying around to intimidate other freedmen into the support of Stearn) if they should refuse to go. Purman called his convention in the public street and then nominated himself for Congress. The Ring and Stearns had promised to nominate Jonathan C. Gibbs, then in Stearns' Cabinet; but they were afraid to nominate him, as they thought he might be able to whip Putman out of the field and get to Congress, when, remem- bering how the Ring had treated himeselfand Governor Reed, this elephant might, with his heavy black foot,be able to crush them worse thaanPure could. Robert Meacham, who had always been completely controlled by the Ring, was nominated as the Ring candidate. Mr. Gibbs, who had always opposed Putman and his methods, both in Jackson county and in his former nomina- tion to Congress, was in perfect health before the meeting of the convention and during its sitting. He had just finished deliver- ing a powerful speech against Putman in the Stearns' convention, reacapitulating all his cruelty. He went home and ate a hearty dinner, after wlch he suddenly died. It was whispered and generally believed that he was poisoned by some of the carpet- baggers, because they dreaded his growing popularity; but whether it was the Ring or Perman wing, was not ascertained. The contest now opened in the Black Belt counties in West and Middle Florida for Ring supremacy. Osborn, and other mem- bers of the Ring being interested in the scheme of the Great Southern Railroad, and having hopes that the scheme would be  300 CARPETBAG RULE IN FLORIDA. successful, had passed through the Legislature a general bill for the incorporation of railroads and canals. This bill authorized the arrest and imprisonment of any person who allowed stock to walk on any railroad. Martin was Speaker when the bill passed and Stearns presided over the Senate at the same time, and these officers of course signed the bill. The Leon county delegation had always made it a point to vote against all railroad bills that they did not understand, and this was one which they had voted against. They expected a fight with Stearns and the Ring, and saved this little campaign document to be used in'the proper time. Purman was hard pushed by the Ring, until the author of this work informed him of this law, which had been voted for by all the members of the Ring in the Legislature; and he at once made use of it in his speeches. He would read the law and then explain it as an act aimed at the freedmen by Stearns and other members of the Ring. At Chattahoochee, in Gadsden county, Stearns and Martin had a cart-load of guns brought to a pub- lic meeting to be used against Purman and his followers. They had fed the freedmen on -so much had whisky that they came near getting themselves killed. The freedmen became uncontrollable and commenced shooting indiscriminately in every direction, routing Stearns, Martin and Purman, and run- ning them away from the meeting. Purmap returned later in the evening and called a lot of colored women together, and after giving each of them some money, he said to them that he was a good "Publican;" and wanted supper; and to further as- sure them that he was a good "Publican," told them that he did not want to sleep with any white person, but wanted to sleep with the blackest person in the neighborhood. John D. Harris, a Methodist preacher, was along as one of Purman's canvassers, and it looked as though he had been "dipped" three or four times, and so Purman selected him to sleep with. This action on the part of Purman had its desired effect, as most of the freed- men spoke out and declared him to be a good "Publican," and he had no more trouble in that part of the county. Purmtan being one of the trained members of the Ring, was confident that fraud at the ballot box would be attempted to de- feat him for Congress, so he had himself nominated in Jackson 300 CARPETBAG RULE IN FLORIDA. successful, had passed through the Legislature a general bill for the incorporation of railroads and canals. This bill authorized the arrest and imprisonment of any person who allowed stock to walk on any railroad. Martin was Speaker when the bill passed and Stearns presided over the Senate at the same time, and these officers of course signed the bill. The Leon county delegation had always made it a point to vote against all railroad bills that they did not understand, and this was one which they had voted against. They expected a fight with Stearns and the Ring, and saved this little campaign document to be used inthe proper time. Purman was hard pushed by the Ring, until the author of this work informed him of this law, which had been voted for by all the members of the Ring in the Legislature; and he at once made use of it in his speeches. He would read the law and then explain it as an act aimed at the freedmen by Stearns and other members of the Ring. At Chattahoochee, in Gadsden county, Stearns and Martin had a cart-load of guns brought to a pub- lic meeting to be used against Purman and his followers. They had fed the freedmen on -so much had whisky that they came near getting themselves killed. The freedmen became uncontrollable and commenced shooting indiscriminately in every direction, routing Stearns, Martin and Purman, and run- ning them away from the meeting. Purmaps returned later in the evening and called a lot of colored women together, and after giving each of them some money, he said to them that he was a good "Publican;" and wanted supper; and to further as- sure them that he was a good "Publican," told them that he did not want to sleep with any white person, but wanted to sleep with the blackest person in the neighborhood. John D. Harris, a Methodist preacher, was along as one of Pueman's canvassers, and it looked as though he had been "dipped" three or four times, and so Purman selected him to sleep with. This action on the part of Purman had its desired effect, as most of the freed- men spoke out and declared him to be a good "Publican," and he had no more trouble in that part of the county. Purmtan being one of the trained members of the Ring, was confident that fraud at the ballot box would be attempted to de. feat him for Congress, so he had himself nominated in Jackson 300 CARPETBAG RULE IN FLORIDA. successful, had passed through the Legislature a general bill for the incorporation of railroads and canals. This bill authorized the arrest and imprisonment of any person who allowed stock to walk on any railroad. Martin was Speaker when the bill passed and Stearns presided over the Senate at the same time, and these officers of course signed the bill. The Leon county delegation had always made it a point to vote against all railroad bills that they did not understand, and this was one which they had voted against. They expected a fight with Stearns and the Ring, and saved this little campaign document to be used inthe proper time. Purman was hard pushed by the Ring, until the author of this work informed him of this law, which had been voted for by all the members of the Ring in the Legislature; and he at once made use of it in his speeches. He would read the law and then explain it as an act aimed at the freedmen by Stearns and other members of the Ring. At Chattahoochee, in Gadsden county, Stearns and Martin had a cart-load of guns brought to a pub- lic meeting to be used against Purman and his followers. They had fed the freedmen on -so much had whisky that they came near getting themselves killed. The freedmen became uncontrollable and commenced shooting indiscriminately in every direction, routing Stearns, Martin and Purman, and run- ning them away from the meeting. Purmap returned later in the evening and called a lot of colored women together, and after giving each of them some money, he said to them that he was a good "Publican;" and wanted supper; and to further as- sure them that he was a good "Publican," told them that he did not want to sleep with any white person, but wanted to sleep with the blackest person in the neighborhood. John D. Harris, a Methodist preacher, was along as one of Purman's canvassers, and it looked as though he had been "dipped" three or four times, and so Purman selected him to sleep with. This action on the part of Purman had its desired effect, as most of the freed- men spoke out and declared him to be a good "Publican," and he had no more trouble in that part of the county. Purmnan being one of the trained members of the Ring, was confident that fraud at the ballot box would be attempted to de. feat him for Congress, so he had himself nominated in Jackson  CARPETBAG RULE IN FLORIDA. 301 CARPETBAG RULE IN FLORIDA. 30 CARPETBAG RULE IN FLORIDA. 301 county for the Assembly. This was for a two-fold purpose-first, to make what he could out of the election of U.S. Senator, which was to take place at the coming session. Second, to intimidate Stearns and cause him to desist from opposing him, Stears fear. ing that Purman would expose in the Legislature the rottenness ofhis administration. The fight went on for several weeks, when at length Stearns sued for peace. Meacham was then taken out of the field by Stearns, and Purman was required to pay the war debt, which was estimated at five hundred dollars. Meacham said that as he had been the victim of Stearns' fight and spent his own money, the benefits of the compromise should inure to him. Purman told that he paid the five hundred dol- lars to Stearns, and Meacham came out minus the five hundred. Walls, in the Second District, was less fortunate than Pur- man, as he had a secret enemy to fight. The Ring did not dare to oppose him openly for fear of weakening themselves with the mass of the freedmen; but they worked like heroes to defeat him secretly. The Democrats that year did but very little to carry the First District, but the watchful and still-hunting Finley worked hard for his election in the Second District. For some reason not altogether known, there was a falling off from the Democratic vote in that district, and the canvass did not amount to much more than organizing-for 1876. Both Purman and Walls were counted in, while Putman was also elected to the Legisla. ture. The leading colored men in the district did not support Purman because they had any confidence in him, but because he was the strongest man they could confront the Ring with. Had Bloxham been nominated for Congress by the Democrats that year, he would have defeated Purman. Judge Finley con- tested the seat of Walls and was admitted into Congress. Stearns and the Ring, anticipating that the Legislature would be very close, and knowing that if Leon and Jeferson counties sent up anti-Ring delegations to the Legislature they would be un, able to pass plunder legislation, set to work to carry these coun- ties at whatever cost. Thousands of dollars were expended in these counties to defeat the anti-Ring regular Republican tickets, and the whole power of the administration was brought to bear, with now and then a tithe of recognition from the State party county for the Assembly. This was for a two-fold purpose-first, to make what he could out of the election of U.S. Senator, which was to take place at the coming session. Second, to intimidate Stearns and cause him to desist from opposing him, Steams fear- ing that Purman would expose in the Legislature the rottenness ofhis administration. The fight went on for several weeks, when at length Stearns sued for peace. Meacham was then taken out of the field by Stearns, and Purman was required to pay the war debt, which was estimated at five hundred dollars. Meacham said that as he had been the victim of Stearns' fight and spent his own money, the benefits of the compromise should inure to him. Putman told that he paid the five hundred dol- lars to Stearns, and Meacham came out minus the five hundred. Walls, in the Second District, was less fortunate than Pur. man, as he had a secret enemy to fight. The Ring did not dare to oppose him openly for fear of weakening themselves with the mass of the freedmen; but they worked like heroes to defeat him secretly. The Democrats that year did but very little to carry the First District, but the watchful and still-hunting Finley worked hard for his election in the Second District. For some reason not altogether known, there was a falling off from the Democratic vote in that district, and the canvass did not amount to much more than organizing-for 1876. Both Purman and Walls were counted in, while Purman was also elected to the Legisla. ture. The leading colored men in the district did not support Purman because they had any confidence in him, but because he was the strongest man they could confront the Ring with. Had Bloxhan been nominated for Congress by the Democrats that year, he would have defeated Purman. Judge Finley con- tested the seat of Walls and was admitted into Congress. Stearns and the Ring, anticipating that the Legislature would be very close, and knowing that if Leon and Jefferson counties sent up anti-Ring delegations to the Legislature they would be un. able to pass plunder legislation, set to work to carry these coun- ties at whatever cost. Thousands of dollars were expended in these counties to defeat the anti-Ring regular Republican tickets, and the whole power of the administration was brought to bear, with now and then a tithe of recognition from the State party county for the Assembly. This was for a two-fold purpose-first, to make what he could out of the election of U.S. Senator, which was to take place at the coming session. Second, to intimidate Stearns and cause him to desist from opposing him, Stearns fear- ing that Purman would expose in the Legislature the rottenness ofhis administration. The fight went on for several weeks, when at length Stearns sued for peace. Meacham was then taken out of the field by Stearns, and Purman was required to pay the war debt, which was estimated at five hundred dollars. Meacham said that as he had been the victim of Stearns' fight and spent his own money, the benefits of the compromise should inure to him. Purman told that he paid the five hundred dol- lars to Stearns, and Meacham came out minus the five hundred. Walls, in the Second District, was less fortunate than Pur- man, as he had a secret enemy to fight. The Ring did not dare to oppose him openly for fear of weakening themselves with the mass of the freedmen; but they worked like heroes to defeat him secretly. The Democrats that year did but very little to carry the First District, but the watchful and still-hunting Finley worked hard for his election in the Second District. For some reason not altogether known, there was a falling off from the Democratic vote in that district, and the canvass did not amount to much more than organizing-for 1876. Both Purman and Walls were counted in, while Purman was also elected to the Legisla- ture. The leading colored men in the district did not support Purman because they had any confidence in him, but because he was the strongest man they could confront the Ring with. Had Bloxham been nominated for Congress by the Democrats that year, he would have defeated Purman. Judge Finley con- tested the seat of Walls and was admitted into Congress. Stearns and the Ring, anticipating that the Legislature would be very close, and knowing that if Leon and Jefferson counties sent up anti-Ring delegations to the Legislature they would be un. able to pass plunder legislation, set to work to carry these coun- ties at whatever cost. Thousands of dollars were expended in these counties to defeat the anti-Ring regular Republican tickets, and the whole power of the administration was brought to bear, with now and then a tithe of recognition from the State party  retoening boaed, aod urging the eleetiote of the Ring ticketo. The freedmten were told thot the Riog toot it faoe of high tet uono the laode of the eo-lcehodet ocas to ceopel themt to tell thtote conde ceoply to the hreedmoen 00 the State would echo the lands foe txes otnl giveetheni oot to the freeden. They weould tell the freditee that te oeti-Riog memeeo of tite potty wee 10 faorol ow lee s o ht h wohiteouldholdethelead and rentothemtto the colored 1pe0pl1 01 high prices. While the he tot itfeteteti fe~en~c told 00 at- tentiotothit dootogito, thoot cootequite a numober of the moroeigtorantoclass-thohbeeved thesetoycgseeighousc ced thee Siten and the Ringpi ee peed 'Pehlicoee, ac they wacntodto giedecoleoredhbrother hoed. The-whites inthese 0000000s seeing doe greco ditodvaoeogcs under ehich eheani Ring notmineestoere laoroing, rtfoeedtooputoitleilooivetieelt it the hield, oed odvised the Denocoot io lot coty to tote foe the oti-Riog Repohlican tichot. Steorne toot leotned ohot had tahen ilce, and coiled hit Riog foliooeot eepeeheecc Jacksonviei. In tee caucot ittoot decided, if doe ceei-ie oticet hod cop ehowt of election, fraud Upon the hellot hot shouldbe teoted tooa t toot ot Voeleow Bhtff. It tote also decreed that tee Coonty Coomois- oinesonoheseouteoo s ohoold appointooe hot Rhng inspcetors co the bollot boes intoh eseceounties, eteeplot ond thet o roy- roeetative ofithe Detmocrotic potty to hoop downo suspicion. This order toa0 corried ot totho lett; hnspectors otte ay- pointed inthelaegetcoled peincts wih inttionsec totre- toot the vote foe the Ritg coodidotee. to Leoot couty the to- toeioto Joeoph Boes cod Do Leoot, hellot-hot etoffoot of the vereyhighettyp,owereelectedasiecors of the twolargeot precincts in the couty. C. H. Walone, editor of the Taldadas- coo Sentieel, tohich toot one of tite leadinog papers it the soppot of Soectot' so-celled admoinieoration, toot on the Bocrd of Coonty Commisioners ho Leoot county, cod toot the chief omanipolaot to necoritg thecppoinotment of Bowcet cod DeLetonasinospectors tf electiton. Thete two worothies, toho toee otocre thot the tohitet woulod bo on the toctch foe theom, proceeded to the ptllitg plceot oereetightittode tgetohtfeedmoeothycold, by giving theomtohiokyoandoney, to giveouontenonceeto the frotd. Do 300 APTA UL NFOIA returning booed, cod urging the electiot of the Riog ticketo. The freedtoen toere told thot the Ring toot it faor of high tet upot the lando of the ee-lcchodeotoc toompelthoem to tollithese landsecheplytothefoedoooor the Sottewould takedhe laode fee totes and giveothemeout to the freedmeno. Theyoold toll tite freedmeno thot tloe eti-Riog memberst of tho petty cete it feavor of lete toes, so thot the tohitetcoold holdteilandcendtetdteotolthe cooed people at high poicee. Whdle doe beoter informoed fieedye poid 0001t- teotiot to thit detogieto, ohete toeoe quite coetumber of the moeignoraottlosstwoe believed tese savyngt fe rigohtetous codohthterns aed theoRintfeehood lehicoota ottey toantedogivetheocoloredbrother food. Tho hti the se cuteseigthe great doeadoatie ne hc h ni Ringoenonesweelaoring, refusedo putoaleooloto tichet in tho hoeld, cod adoised oltDemoctso i Lonccontyto vt o the atti-Ring Repulican0 ticket. teatoostoot letrned whaot hod taken plce, cod coiled hoe Roof foliooers toee at fJacksonville. Io the coucosciccwa decodedi dthe atoin Rti cketohad anyoohte of election tahod Uon the hbahelot oould Ite resortedtasi tosoat YelleowhBluff. Itosalso deceedothct doe OCotyeoins tones nthoeecoties theould appoin oneoobutoRingoisectors ot the bollot botet to thee counties, exepftootoc cod thenarp reoeototive of the Deocrotic party to hoop dot-otticon Thit order toot carried oot to the letter; cnspetors tote op- poitedinthelagesteolored preincts weith insoouctions tore toot the vote fot the Riog caodidotto. to Leoot cootty the no- toroitt Joseph Boes cod Do Leoot, holot-hox toer of doe very higheot tp,woeeslectedcasiecoroo tde tolarggt precincts in the tootty. C. H. Wclton, oditot of the Talfladas- see Senctinel, ohich toot one of doe leadiog papers it the soppoot of htearnt' to-coiled cdmtioittioo, taoon the Booed of Coty Ctoommissionero it Loon conty, cod w-ct the chief mncipulator it securing thecappioinmentof Bowesood DLoniopeorso of election. These too tothies, toho toete ct-ce thct the toites toold he ton the wtch foe thoem, peoceeded to the ptlling places tovernoight in tedee to get tohtt freedmcen they could, by giving themttohiskoyondtooney, togiveecounteoance tothe frcod. Do returning booed, cod orgiog-the oleetiot of the Riog tickets. The freedmeo wcete told tioat the Roog coo on faor of high taxes Upon the conde of the etosloceheideot to as to cotpel theto to toll thote lcods cheapip to the foeodmtet or the Stctocwoold tok h lanods fee tote> and gietheout to doe freedcmen. They teotld toil the hreedre that tietootti-Riog moetoert of doo poty Weoto it faoer of toN tae soo to hat the tohiotscould holtle landtand oenttloem to theectoored people a1 high prices. While doe betteo ofoned foeedooen poodhn ato- tention to this doooogogieeo, othotecwerefqotteeatnuober of the moeignooacloes who hbeeed ths aig eerghtouse anddooat Stern cod the Rhihg were gooe tiohheooo at they toootedtogiv-otheocoloredIoer fld Thoe ohio~tes tese coutiestoteeingitfeogreatdisdvtaoo gestunde-otcl~tooltlati- Ringomoineeo wet lboroeing,orefuedtto ptlegislative ticet io thehfid,onddvei tdeDetocoett I ecuroevoteoefor ohe coti-Riog Repulicanotichet. Stern toot learned whot hod tacenoplae, ood collod his Rinollower ottgthcoa - ottecrifile. t0I the caecus bt decided, difo te iRoe- icket toed cop showe of elocton, frauod uon the Pellet boo shoueld ho oreorted to as it ceoct~ollooBboRf Itewaeaoedeoceddoc the Ctyoot s 00000000 inohee cooties should appeot tone btRingtinsepctors 01 the bollot boxes in these coonteso etoepo'notod oben ep- reentativeof theDeocratic pooty to eepodown esuspicion. Thit ordertowascrrlodeottothe 100000; ionspectors 0000 cp- poited in thelagetcoored precincts with instructions to r- turnothecoto fortheRng cndides.e It to on cootty the no- torouc Joseph Boetoo cod Det Loon, ballot-hoe etoffoto of the eryphighesttyp, w-oeeselectedcasinspectors ofdtetolarget preciocto it thoocoutyp. C. H. Walt, editoe of the Tallahac- see Setinel, owhich toot one of the leodiog pcpers it tho tuppoel of Stearno' to-coiled cdmiitroeo, toot on the Bfoardof County Commoissioners in Leoot county, cod toot the chief ttcoipulctor innsecuringthecappointmenttof Bowes ondfeLeonainepctors of eleotiot. Thete two torethies, toho toore ctoce thct the whitet toold bo on the toatch foe thoem, procooded to the polliog plcet ovee night it order to get tohat freedmten they could, by giving thenmtohiskycand otooey, togiveconeonne to the fraud. Do  CARPTBAG RLE I FLaO RIODA. 303 Leer was s closely weatched at hit peecinct by the twhites that he could do neothittg. Boee eras eresutocettfut. At hit peecintt the Dermoceatic inspector did rot arive untdl aftee the petlt eret oened, red hefre openitg the petit he staffed thee hundred feaudutent tiohett into the hot, and theeteichett wereeceounted foe the Ring tegistative tiohet, and yet the preciect wsa carried againtethee. Both Leer otd Jeffeetrsoot taveage tmajorities agaittt the Ring, and anti-Ring delegations weeeeetected. Whet rewsteachod Stearts that the Ring had hers defeated it thete countes he hecaree rathfut erith hit eranipuattrr and tteep left histeyes, untila plarewasedevised tochange thisemstdamraging ret. Arothee courcil eras called, this time it the Esecutire office, and terce it eras determined to inttuat the legal County Retuening Boaeds to throec outtsufficiene precinctineachaof the countiestohoreeajoeiies foe the Ring candidates. IneLeon costy DeLeon, rho had fadled to commeit freed at the Micco- rohie peecince, erode affidacie that rote illegal totes ere polted atethat peecinct. 'Thoughetheoaffidavitedidrnottate whoarted illegally nr foe thee candidate there illegal vates ere cat, she peecinct as thrown art by the Board, erhich consisted of Majoc E. C. Weeks, Sheeiff;iaeso-caled jsticeof the Peace, Bamet Snoerden, coloed, appeinted foe the prpare, and Bamrel Walhee, County J Ledge, erho rrted No. Sufficiert precincswr thsrown oat an Jelferon counrey to secre the election of the RSinsg candidates. Gee. W. Wteherpoon, headed the anti-Ring tichet in Jelfferorcoucey, and the aaehororfthis tech headed the atti- Ring tichet it Leoe corunty lee the Berate. There eras no Set- atro be elected it Jeffeeson county, and Witherspoon headrd the ticket foe rho Assoebly. Steaens ted the Ring were ret happy, and ehrught the teewa teer As toot at these s-called carvassees adjourned shs die, coner as emploed hy Wallace and Witherspoon toc omspel at honest carcass of theevtes. judge RC B. Hilton, Demoscat, eras ereployed by she anti-Rirg meeres it Leontrecouty, T. F. Claek, Esq., and Whisfield, of Jefferson rarety, Desmr- crats, erere emeployed by Witherspoor. These igetesset pet- ceeded by a writ of mantdamsagaist shesr Bords of Cans- vatoos, and judge P. W. White, of the Sereed judicial Circutit, CARPETBAG RULE IN FLORIDA. 303 CARPETBAG RULE IN FLORIDA. 303 Leer eras so closely eratched at his precinct by the erhites that hr could do nothing. Boeres eras tore successful. As his peecirot tise Deeroceatic inspectoe did not aeeive rant aftee she petlt ere opened, ard befre opening abe pelts ho ttuffed ebree hunred fraudulene ticees into the bee, ard these tichett were crested foe the Ring legielatire eicket, aed yet the peecinct eras careied against there. Both Leer and Jefferon gore large mrajorities againt tbe Ring, and anti-Ring dlegations tote eloceed. Whet ereched Stearns that she Ring had beet defeated it these coenties he berate wrathful erieh his manripuatrse and sleep left hit eyes, credo plot was devised tochange this motdamraging result. Anoteroenecil eras called, this timre ir the Erecetire office, ord there it eras detered to instract the legal Courty RetuenitgdBoards to thror outesufficiere poecinctt rneach of the counties eo abet majorities foe the Rirg candidates. tn Leer coarety DeLeon, the had foiled to coterie freed at the Micra- sable peecince, mae affidocie that some illegal votes ere pelted at that preocinct. Though the affidacit did eel Btase the roted illegally nr foe whae candidtate ehese illegal retes tre cast, the precince roe thrern ret by the Bord, erhich cosstted of Majoc B. C. Weeks, Sheriff;eesocaledjustciceof the Peace, Samueet Snoerden, colred, appoirted fr the prpose, and Samet Waelker, Coney j eedge, twer rrted No. Sufficient precinctt ere thrern roet it Jeffer eounty to secure the electire of the Rhrg candidater. Gee. W. Wtitheespoon, headed the arti-Rirg tirhet it Jefferoncounty, and the author of thit tech headed she arti- Ring ticket it Leer county lee she Berate. There eras no Set- atr to be elected in Jeffeson county, and Witherspooe headed the tichet foe the Asserebly. Stears and the Ring erere ret happy, and ehoughe the erc eras roter. At trotn as these se-celled caneassees adjourned ciws dit, tone at ereplryed by Wallace aed Witheetpoon to comspet at boest corvs of the rates. judge R. B. Hilter, Demrat, eras ereployed by the aeti-Rieg rmembeee it Leer counrsy, T. F. Clath, Esq., ard Whitfield, of Jeffersonroounty, Demot- rats, eree ereployed hy Wisherspoor. There igetieser pet- ceeded by a writ of mtandamuas against these Bords of Car- rattsers, and judge P. W. Wfbite, of she Berrrdjsdiia Cici, Loe eras ro closely eraeched at his peecinct by the erhites that he rould do rothing. Bates eras tre succettful. At hit precirot the Demtocraeicinspectr did set aeeive rent after the pelts ere opened, and befre opening the pelts ho tuffed theee huedeed fraudulene sichees into the bee, and there sichets ereereueted fr the Ring legislative ticket, and yet she peecinct rat ercted agoinee there. Both Leer and Jefferton gore lare maejrities againse the Ring, red arti-Rieg delegations ere elected. Whet roe roached Steaens thee the Rieg had beer defeated it these honisfe becamre wrathful wiab his reanipulatoes and sleep left hisoeyes, errila plot eras devisedto change thisemost dameaging resole. Aroeherecrurcil eras called, this time it the Erectire rfice, ard there is eras determined to intruct the legal Coensy Betrning Bords to threw roersfficioe precincts it each of the countiesto shrw mrajoieiee fr she Ring candidates. It Leer courty, DeLeon, rho had fadled to crmtre feaud at the Mirer- sohie poecicirt, erode affidacie that somre illegal roles ere patted at that peecinct. Though she affidavie did set state the rated illegally nr foe chat cordidate there illegal otes erere cast, the preciect toe thrern roet by the Boaed, erhich consitted of Majr E. C. Weeks, Sheriff;easo-called justice of the eace, Bamel Snowden, colored, appointedfreurpopse, andSamel Walhee, Courty jodge, the crted No. Sufficire preciects wr thrown roet in Jeffeers eounty to secure she electior of she Rirg candidatet. Gee. W. Wieheespoon, beaded the ati-Ring riches it Jeffeeeon couney, and the aushor. of this erk headed the ari- Ring ticket it Leer county lee the Berate. There eras no Bet- atr to be elected it Jeffher countty, ard Witherspoor headed the tickee foe the Asserebly. Steerer ard she Rirg ere ret happy, and thought the tar erasovr As soonasstheserso-called canvassersdjouredie di, coner as ereployed by Wallte and Witherspoor tr cempet at honest carrsothervtes. judge R.B. Hidto, Dermocra, eras empyloyed by the anti-Ring emers it Learn rarely, T. F. Clark, Esq., aed Whitfield, of Jeffesortouty, Demor- crats, tre employed by Witherspoo. These igettletrer pr- eeded by a writ of mtandamus against these Btards of Car- va rsad judge P. W. White, of the Berord judiial Circui,  304 CARPETBAG RULE IN FLORIDA. who had been appointed by Governor Reed, granted a peremp- tory writ ordering the Board to count the votes as returned, and forward the same to the State Returning Board. At one time they hesitated to obey the order of the Judge, for the reason that they thought if they were ordered to prison it would not really be confinement. The sheriffs of Leon and Jefferson counties were Ring carpetbaggers, but the Judge intimated to some of their friends that should they disobey his order he intended sending them down into Wakulla county for imprisonment, where the " Crackers" were waiting with their mouths open to take them in. The order was then obeyed without a murmur, and a second return was sent up to the State Board of Canvassers. Stearns was still determined to continue the counting out process. The whites in Leon county now became incensed at the action of the Governor and his Ring nianagers, and loudly denounced these repeated attempts at fraud. The anti-Ring freedmen had a con- sultation with some of the whites, at which the freedmen came to the determination that it was their duty to adopt the shot-gun policy against those who should undertake to hold a seat in the Legislature to which they were not elected. It was there sol- emnly agreed that if John N. Stokes was counted in as Senator the anti- Ring freedmen were to walk into the Senate chamber and kill him in his seat. The same judgment that was to be visited on Stokes was to be visited on the other members holding seats by fraud. Great excitement prevailed throughout the two coun- ties that hao been cheated out of their just representation, and if it had been persisted in, would have caused a general uprising of the anti-Ring freedmen, and with the whites as auxiliaries, bloodshed would have been certain, with Stearns as the first vic. tim. Some of the Conover carpet-baggers who had been in- formed what would certainly take place made haste to inform Stearns of what would be the certain outcome if the fraud were persisted in, positively stating to him that it could not be con- summated without force and violence. On the day of the can- vass of the vote by the State Returning Board a large number of the freedmen who supported the Ring, and the anti-Ring freed- men, were present. Many of themfrom the country brought with them such arms as they could secure, thinking, some of them, 304 CARPETBAG RULE IN FLORIDA. who had been appointed by Governor Reed, granted a peremp- tory writ ordering the Board to count the votes as returned, and forward the same to the State Returning Board. At one time they hesitated to obey the order of the Judge, for the reason that they thought if they were ordered to prison it would not really be confinement. The sheriffs of Leon and Jefferson counties were Ring carpetbaggers, but the Judge intimated to some of their friends that should they disobey his order he intended sending them down into Wakulla county for imprisonment, where the "Crackers" were waiting with their mouths open to take them in. The order was then obeyed without a murmur, and a second return was sent up to the State Board of Canvassers. Stearns was still determined to continue the counting out process. The whites in Leon county now became incensed at the action of the Governor and his Ring managers, and loudly denounced these repeated attempts at fraud. The anti-Ring freedmen had a con- sultation with some of the whites, at which the freedmen came to the determination that it was their duty to adopt the shot-gun policy against those who should undertake to hold a seat in the Legislature to which they were not elected. It was there sol- emnly agreed that if John N. Stokes was counted in as Senator the anti-Ring freedmen were to walk into the Senate chamber and kill him in his seat. The same jtdgment that was to be visited on Stokes was to be visited on the other members holding seats by fraud. Great excitement prevailed throughout the two coun- ties that had been cheated out of their just representation, and if it had been persisted in, would have caused a general uprising of the aniti-Ring freedmen, and with the whites as auxiliaries, bloodshed would have been certain, with Stearns as the first vic- tim. Some of the Conover carpet-baggers who had been in- formed what would certainly -take place made haste to inform Stearns of what would be the certain outcome if the fraud were persisted in, positively stating to him that it could not be con- summated without force and violence. On the day of the can. vass of the vote by the State Returning Board a large number of the freedmen who supported the Ring, and the anti-Ring freed- men, were present. Many of themfrom the country brought with them such arms as they could secure, thinking, some of them, 304 CARPETBAG RULE IN FLORIDA. who had been appointed by Governor Reed, granted a peremp- tory writ ordering the Board to count the votes as returned, and forward the same to the State Returning Board. At one time they hesitated to obey the order of the Judge, for the reason that they thought if they were ordered to prison it would not really be confinement. The sheriffs of Leon and Jefferson counties were Ring carpetbaggers, but the Judge intimated to some of their friends that should they disobey his order he intended sending them down into Wakulla county for imprisonment, where the " Crackers" were waiting with their mouths open to take them in. The order was then obeyed without a murmur, and a second return was sent up to the State Board of Canvassers. Stearns was still determined to continue the counting out process. The whites in Leon county now became incensed at the action of the Governor and his Ring nianagers, and loudly denounced these repeated attempts at fraud. The anti-Ring freedmen had a con- sultation with some of the whites, at which the freedmen came to the determination that it was their duty to adopt the shot-gun policy against those who should undertake to hold a seat in the Legislature to which they were not elected. It was there sol- emnly agreed that if John N. Stokes was counted in as Senator the anti-Ring freedmen were to walk into the Senate chamber and kill him in his seat. The same judgment that was to be visited on Stokes was to be visited on the other members holding seats by fraud. Great excitement prevailed throughout the two coun- ties that had been cheated out of their just representation, and if it had been persisted in, would have caused a general uprising of the aiti-Ring freedmen, and with the whites as auxiliaries, bloodshed would have been certain, with Stearns as the first vic- tim. Some of the Conover carpet-baggers who had been in- formed what would certainly take place made haste to inform Stearns of what would be the certain outcome if the fraud were persisted in, positively stating to him that it could not be con- summated without force and violence. On the day of the can- vass of the vote by the State Returning Board a large number of the freedmen who supported the Ring, and the anti-Ring freed- men, were present. Many of themfrom the country brought with them such arms as they could secure, thinking, some of them,  CARPETBAG RULE IN FLORIDA. 305 CARPETBAG RULE IN FLORIDA. 305 CARPETBAG RULE IN FLORIDA. 305 that the proceedings under mandamuts was a mtatn who twas to cotopel the Board of Canvassers to oount the true returns; they declared if "Old toatn Daniel" didonot count inthe ightfl candidates, he and Steatons shoold be pot to death. R. B. Hilton, Esq., appeated befoee the Booed and tde- tmanded the couttiog of the rtetn tent op hy the oedee of judfe White, aod peoceeded to arfue hit cate. He dentouttced the action of the Couoty Booed of Caonvtsetts for theowng ot precincttnwithout the athoity oflaw, and threatenedoaman- datmot to coompel the Boatd to count the ttueoetot-o thootd they fail to do to. T. F. ClarkhandWhitfield also appeared andar fued the cate of Witheetpooo. Steotot, in the meantime, fear- iog the conseqoences, hadintruocted tte Board to count in the anli-Rinf delegationt feomt Leoo and Jefferton counties, and tent foe the athoe, and aftereinquieing whatteooldhbetheeeslt thoold the Ring tichet he counted in, admitted the frood and said it wasdoneo-ithoot his approval;hauthistaction in heepinf thete teen in office teat sufficient tettintony of a guilty knoteledfe twithout fuethee evidence. He finatly wooutd op hy saying: "The taddett thiog ondee my chin- The Wallace tichet it coonted in."' The Board, aftee the conclusion of the arguments of coon- sel, coonted the teue eetuens feom Jefferton and Len counties, tehich elected the anti-Rinf delefutiont. Pueman teat alto counted in at a ntemhee of the Atsembhly fenin Jackson coonty. thot the peoceedinfs ondee mandamuos teat a man teho teat to compel the Boaed of Cancastert to count thetreoeeetnn; they declared if "Old moo Daniels" did notcoont in the ightful candidatet, he and Steaenstthoold he pot to death. R. B. Hilton, Etq., appeoted hefoee the Boaed and de- mtanded the countinf of the retuteotnentaup hy the oedee of jurdfe White, and peoceeded to argoe hit Fate. He denounned the action of the Coooty Board of Canvassersfor thtowing out peecincttn-ithoat theouthoity of laweand theeatened a man- damous to cotmpel the Booed to coont the treeeetoen should they fail to do to. T. F. Claeh and Whitfield alto appeared and ae- goed the case of Witheespoon. Steaens, in the meantime, feae- ingethe coneqee, had instructed thteBoard tocount in the anti-Rinf delefations feomo Leon and Jeffeeton conties, and sent foe theatthoe, and aftee inquirinf twhatteooldhbetheeesolt should the Rinf tichet he coanted in, odmitted the frond and taid itwastdonenithout hisappol; hot his action in heeping these teen in office teat tofficient tettimeony of a guilty hnowledfe withoot futtherevidence. He finally teond up hy sayinf: '''he saddet thinf undee myf Chin- The Wallace tichet it counted in." The Booed, aftee the conclasinof the aefumentt of coon- tel, coonted the tre eetuens feom Jeffeeson and Leon counlies, tehich elected the anti-Ring delegations. Pueman wast alto cnounted in as a memee of the Assembhly feom Jacksn conty. that the peoceedings undee teandamuss teas a man teho teas to compel the Booed of Cantattees to coont the true eetun; they declared if "Old man Daniel" did notcountin heighfl candidatet, he and Steaent shoold he pat to death. R. B. Hilton, Etq., appeaeed hefoee the Boaed and de- manded the counting of the eetuens tent up hy the oedee of judge Wthite, and pteceeded to aegue hit cute. He denounced the action of the County Board of Canvassers foe throwng out peecincttwithout the authoity cf loaw, and theeatened a man- damut to compel the Booed to coont the treeeetoen should they fail to do so. T. F. Clarehund Whitfield also appeaeed and at. gued the Fate of Withettpoon. Steoens, in the meantime, fear- ing thecotnsequenest,hadinteocted tte Board to cont in the anti-Ring delegations feom Leon and Jeffeeton counties, and sent foe the utho., and aftee inquieinf twhat teould he the result should the Riog tichet he counted in, odmitted the feaud and said itmwasdoemithoutlhisppoal; hut his actiontin keeping these men in office wot sufficieot testimony of a guilty hnonledfe wtithout fuethee evidence. He finally wound ap hy saying: "The taddest thing undee my chio- The Wallace tiehet it counted in." The Booed, aftee the conclosion of the aegumentsof conn- tel, counted the tre etaent feom Jeffeeson and Leon counties, mhich elected the anti-Ring delegations. Pueman teat alto coutnted in asuamemhee ofthe Asemly feom Jackston Eounty.   CHAPTER XVIII. The Beginning of the End. The Steoart-Sturtevant Contest. Election of United States Senator, and Miscellaneous Subjects. A week before the meeting of the Legislature of 1875, the leading members of the Ring began to assemble at the capital to look after the interests of their secret candidate for Senator. Nightly caucuses were held in the Executive office, and the counting of noses was gone over every night as to how each Republican member would probably stand on the election of Speaker of the Assembly and President of the Senate. The Democratic leaders also assemrbled in goodly numbers to look after the interests of their favorite candidates. The attempted frauds by the Carpetbaggers in the counties of Jefferson and Leon was reasonably looked to by the Democrats to give them the organization of both branches of the Legislature and the United States Senator. The night preceding the meeting of the Legislature a caucus was called by the Ring members for the purpose of organizing the two houses next day. David Montgomery, of Madison county, carpetbagger, was put forth for Speaker, but the colored brothers from Leon and Jefferson, who had been the victims of unsuccessful fraud by the Ring, hesitated to put a man in the chair who would have no scruples. in packing a Committee on Privileges and Elections that would oust the two anti-Ring delegations from these counties. The Ring members pretended that the fight was over and that the "lion and the lamb must now lie down together;" but the anti-Ring delegations knew that this meant that the lamb was to lie down in the lion's belly. Three days were spent in the attempt to elect a Speaker, but before the Speaker could be elected a caucus was called of the Democratic, anti-Ring Republican and Independent members. The caucus determined to elect Thomas Hanna, Democratic member from Washington county, as Speaker, the other offices to be divided between the Democrats and the colored men. On the meeting of the Assembly the next day it was evident that CHAPTER XVIII. The Beginning of the Fnd. The Setwart-Sturtevant Contest. Alection of United States Senator, and Miscellanetous Subjects. A week before the meeting of tle Legislature of 1875, the leading members of the Ring began to assemble at the capital to look after the interests of their secret candidate for Senator. Nightly caucuses were held in the Executive office, and the counting of noses was gone over every night as to how each Republican member would probably stand on the election of Speaker of tle Assembly and President of the Senate. The Democratic leaders also assembled in goodly numbers to look after the interests of their favorite candidates. The attempted frauds by the Carpetbaggers in the counties of Jefferson and Leon was reasonably looked to by the Democrats to give them the organization of both branches of the Legislature and the United States Senator. The night preceding the meeting of the Legislature a caucus was called by the Ring members for the purpose of organizing the two houses next day. David Montgomery, of Madison county, carpetbagger, was put forth for Speaker, but the colored brothers from Leon and Jefferson, who had been the victims of unsuccessful fraud by the Ring, hesitated to put a man in the chair who would have no scruples. in packing a Committee on Piivileges and Elections that would oust the two anti-Ring delegations from these counties. The Ring members pretended that the fight was over and that the "lion and the lamb must now lie down together;" but the anti-Ring delegations knew that this meant that the lamb was to lie down in the lion's belly. Three days were spent in the attempt to elect a Speaker, but before the Speaker could be elected a caucus was called of the Democratic, anti-Ring Republican and Independent members. The caucus determined to elect Thomas Hanna, Democratic member from Washington county, as Speaker, the other offices to be divided between the Democrats and the colored men. On the meeting of the Assembly the next day it was evident that CHAPTER XVUtI. The Beginning of the Fnd. The Stewart-Sturtevant Contest. Alection of United States Senator, and Miscellaneous Subjects. A week before the meeting of the Legislature of 1875, the leading members of the Ring began to assemble at the capital to look after the interests of their secret candidate for Senator. Nightly caucuses were held in the Executive office, and the counting of noses was gone over every night as to how each Republican member would probably stand on the election of Speaker of the Assembly and President of the Senate. The Democratic leaders also assembled in goodly numbers to look after the interests of their favorite candidates. The attempted frauds by the Carpetbaggers in the counties of Jefferson and Leon was reasonably looked to by the Democrats to give them the organization of both branches of the Legislature and the United States Senator. The night preceding the meeting of the Legislature a caucus was called by the Ring members for the purpose of organizing the two houses next day. David Montgomery, of Madison county, carpetbagger, was put forth for Speaker, but the colored brothers from Leon and Jefferson, who had been the victims of unsuccessful fraud by the Ring, hesitated to put a man in the chair who would have no scruples. in packing a Committee on Privileges and Elections that would oust the two anti-Ring delegations from these counties. The Ring members pretended that the fight was over and that the "lion and the lamb must now lie down together;" but the anti-Ring delegations knew that this meant that the lamb was to lie down in the lion's belly. Three days were spent in the attempt to elect a Speaker, but before the Speaker could be elected a caucus was called of the Democratic, anti-Ring Republican and Independent members. The caucus determined to elect Thomas Hanna, Democratic member from Washington county, as Speaker, the other offices to be divided between the Democrats and the colored men. On the meeting of the Assembly the next day it was evident that  308 CARPETBAG RUJLE IN FLORIDA. the scepter of the Legislature of Florida would in a few- moinutes pass from the hands of the despoilers and ino the oands ofthose whose interest wrasinseparable from its soil andowhom Stearns afterwreds in his tmessage described as being " as loyal attd patriotic as any people in the Uoioo." Williato Wathin Hicks, of Dade coanty, pot forth the oatoe of Me. Hanoa, aod Moot- gomsery woas his opponent. H anna oat olocted by a large majority. The Democrats, tene to their yromsise, then elected, with the assistattce of the asti Ring toembers, H. S. Harmon, colored, Chief Clerk, and James D. Thootpson, colored, Sergeant-al-Aetos. Nearly alt the misner offices were filled by colored men. The coloeed brother was now eveo with the Ring for the defeat of Osgood for Speahor in 1874. The election of Haooa utterly demoeatized the Ring its the Assembly, and itwasounableto moster its foeces inosufficientsnumbereaoy more at this sessiontt o misrepeent those who hadcvoted for them. So the Senate the struggle foe sopeemacy was a deadly one. By the content of the Republicaes, Senatoe J. L.. Craw- ford, Democrat, was electedstempoearily President. ThefSeoate was cemposed of twety-four memers, and the Democratsnand Republicans had equal oumbers. The object of the Republicans insconsening so let Senatoe Crawford preside as temoporary Chairman was that it would sileoce his note; buht the Doctor decided that he was not Lieutenant-Goveenor, and as a Senator hisvote could not be qoestioned. Ten daystwere wasted iothe attempt to elect a Republican for Peesident pro tett., doring which time Stearos and his Ring managers were holding secret meetings with the Democrats to secore his election to the United States Senate and to have a Democratic Presideot of the Senate during his canvass to secure his electionstethe Senate, aod thus tease the St ate under a Democeatic Governor. There were plans and counter-plans mode by the Democrats, who had no faith in Stearns' power as to tracing the State a Democratic Governor. Some of the friends of es-Gocernor Walkee suggosted the plan toelect an antiRing colored manPresident of the Senate. Theyp cooteoded that this would have the effect of bringing to the support ef Goserner Walker all of the anti-Rintg Conlored membees, and at the same rime would drive those 308 CARPETBAG RULE tN FLORIDA. the scepter of the Legislature of Florida wuold in a few minutes pass from the hands of the despoilers and into the bandsnof those whose onterest was inseparable from its soil and whom Stearns afterwards in his message described as being " as loyal and patriotic as aoy people in the Uinion." William Watbin Hicks, of Dade county, pot forth the name of Mr. Hansa, and Mont- gomery was his opponent. Hanna teas elected by a large majority. The Democeattroe to theie yromise, then elected, with the assistance of the anti Ring members, H. S. Harsot, colored, Chief Clrk, and James D. Thnompson, colored, Sergeant-at-Arms. Neaely all the miore offices were Sied by colored men. rhe colored brothr was now ecen with the Ring for the defeat of Osgood foe Speaker in 1874. The election of Hanna utterly demoralized the Risg in the Assembly, and it wasaunable to muster its frces in sfficientnumber any more at this sessionstso misrepresent those who bad voted for them. In the Senate the straggle foe supremacy was a deadly one. By the consent of the Repablicants, Sesator J. IL. Craw. ford, Democrat, wasrelectedeemporarily residen. ThefSeoate wastcomposed of twenty-four memtbers, and the Democratstaod Republicans had equal numbers. The object of the Republicans in consentingto letenator Crawford treside as temporary Chairman was that it would silence his cotc; hot the Doctor decided that he was not Lietenant-Goverore, and as a Senator his v ote coald net he questioned. Teo days were wasted in the attempt to elect a Republican for Peesideot po temo., dorng which time Sterns and his Ring managers were holding seret meetings with the Democrats to secure his election to the United States Senate and to havera Democratic President of she Senate dusing his canvass to secure his electioo to the Senate, aod thus leave she State under a Democratic Governor. Therewee plans and counter-plans made by the Democrats, who had no faith in Stearns' power as to leavng the State a Democratic Governor. Some of thr frieods of es-Governor Wather suggested the plan to elect an asti-Ring colored man Presideot of the Senate. Theyp costeoded that this woold have the effect of hringing to the support of Governor Walker all of the anti-Ring colored members, and at the same time woold drive thase 308 CARrETBAa RULE IN FLORIDA. the seepter of the Legislatore of Florida would is a few minutes pasfrom the hands of the despoilers and into the haodsnof those whose intrest was inseparable from its soil and whom Stearns afterwards in his tmessage described as being "as loyal anad patriotic as any people is the Uion." William Watbio Hicks, of Dade county, put forth the oame of Mr. Hanna, and Msont- gomery was his opponent. Hanna was electcd bya large majority. The Democrats, tre to their promise, then elected, with the assistance of the anti Ring mesthers, H. S. Harmnt, colored, Chief Clerk, and James D. Thompson, colored, Sergeans-at.ArmL. Nearly all the minor offices were filled by colored men. The colored brother was notc even with the Ring for she defeat of Osgood foe Speaker in 1874. The election of Hasna otterly demoraizeed the Ring is the Assembly, and it wasounable to mster its forces in sufficienttnombereany more at this sessiont to misrepresent those who hadcvoted for them, to the Seoate the strutggle for sopremacy was a deadly, are. By the coosent of the Republicans, Senator J. L.. Crow- ford, Democrat, was elected temporarily Pesideot. ThefSensate was composed ofstwenty-fooremembhers, atd the Demoratssand Repuhlicans had equal oambers. The object of the Republicaes inecnsening to let Senator Crawford preide as temporary Chairman was that it woold silence his vote; hot the Doctor decided that he was not Lieutenant-Goernoe, and as a Sensator his5 vote could not be questioned. Ten days were watted io the attempt to eleet a Republican for Peesidest pvo teo,., during which time Stearns and his Ring managers were holding secret meetings with the Democrats to secore his election to the Uoited States Senate and to have a Democratic Peesideot of the Senate during his canvass tn secure his election tu the Senate, and that leave the State onder a Democratic Governor. Tbherr were plans and conter-plans made by the Demoerats, whu had no faith in Stearns' power as tu leasing the State a Democratic Governor. Some of the friends of ro-Gocrnne Walher suggested the plansteect an antiRing colored man President of the Senate. Theyp ctotended that this woold have the effect of bringing to the support of Goerr Walker all of the anti-Ring colored members, and at the same time would drive those  CREBGRULE IN LORIDA 309 Demtocrats wnho thought the election of Stearns asSenator would give theta the State goveranent feonm hint for fear that a negro mtight becomne Goveror. Threere several caucuses held looking to the consummssation of this pln, and the msost notahle thing in these cauceuses nat the sentiment of the es-slaoehnldrs, both in and otofhe Sente, thatthey old rahersee an honest en-slace is the preesidential chait of the Senate than to see Sterens go to tht United States Senate by their enter, sten they helinsed hint to he a poesy to all the election fronds that had horn conmmitted in the State since s868. The Democratic membees frontthenwstrealmstunaimous for the election of Stearns, provcided they could get the State goernment. The straggle in the Senate continned until Stearns seas assured that he conldbe elected A majoritysofthe Democaticmembes finally consented en the election of Steaens to the United States Senate, leasing them the State gocernment. Steanssimmedi- ately called a caucus of all the Republican Senatoes, so whom he proposed the election of A. L. McCaskill, Democrat, as Pesi- dentspro tot. of the Senate. It ws then peopounded to him by hash wings nf the Republileans as tn whether he was an aspirant for Senator. He solemnly deelared that he was nor, and that he wonld notaccept if elected. Tbheaucus then adjonrned, and within hie inates after its adjournment McCashill was elected President pro test. nf the Senate, all the Republicans casing for him hat one, and this was Stearns' henchman Hill, of Gadsden conty. The anti-Ring Republicans did not knew exacsly where they stand, nor did they brow where en Sand Stearns until he deliveed hit message to the Legislature. Hear him appeal to those "loyal and patriotic people" whom he and his Ring folloers had defrauded ant Of trots in the Legislatne foe seven years: 'Is will beenme year duty, on the second Tuesday after yeses organiatin, to proceed, in ancordane with an ant of Congress and the Constitution of the State, so the choice of aUnited States Snator foe thelterm commencinglthe fourthof March next. WhiletIam aware of the great interest felt upnn this subject, and folly appreciate the importance nf steeuring an able and uprighterepresentativerin the concils of the nation, yet I senste the suggestion that she people of the State CARPETBAG RULE IN FLORIDA 309 CARPETBAG RULE IN FLORIDA 309 Democrats who thought the eleetion nf Stearns as Sesatoe would girt them the State gocernment from him fnr fear that a negra might become Goernor. There were severat eanuues held lonking so the cnummation nf this plan, and the most notable thing in these caeuceses was the sentiment of the es-slaeholdrs, both in and oue of the Senate, that slep Would rathersrean honest es-slnce in she presidential chaie of thef Seare than totser Stearns go so she United States Senate by their noses, senen they belieced hint to he a party to all the election frauds that had been comtmitted in the State since 1868. The Democratic membhers from the west were almost unansimous foe the election of Stearns, provcided they could get the State government. The struggle in the Senate cotinued until Steares was asured that be could he elected, A majority of the Desmocratic members fienallyeconsested to the election of Stearns tn the United States Senate, leaning them the State gocernment. Stearns immedi- ately rolled aenaucus of all the Repeeblican Senatnrs, so wnhnm he peroposed the election nf A. L. McCasbill, Democrat, as Presi- dentspro em. nf the Senate. It teas then propounded so him by both wings of the Repeublicans as so whether he was an aspirant far Senator. He solemnly declared that be was not, and that hr would not accept if elected. Tbhe cannon then adjounedr, and within Seve inates after its adjournment McCaskill was elected President pee Ieer of the Senate, all the Repnblicans voling foe him bnt one, and this was Stearns' henchman Hill, of Gadsden county. The ansi-Ring Repnblicans did not knnw exactly where they stood, err did they bnow where tn find Stearns until he deliveed his message tn the Legislatnre. Hear him appeal to those "lnyal and patriotic people" whnm hr and his Ring follonwers had defrauded nnt of tents in she Legislatue for senen yers: "It wilt beceome ynur duty, en thesecnnd Tuesday after ynnr nrganiation, so proceed, in accordane with an art of Congress and the Constitntion of the State, tn the choice of a United States Senator fnt she teem commencing Ike fourthbof March net. While Iam aware ofthe great interest felt upon this subject, and feelly appreciate the importance uf secnring an able and upright representativein the councils of the nation, yes I vnture the suggestion that the people of the State Democrats who thought the election of Stearns as Senatnr Wuld glee them the Slate govrnment from him foe fie that a negen might become Governor. There were several caucnses held looking to tbe contamination of this plan, and the most notable thing in these casecnses was the sentiment of the es-slareholdees, both in and sees of the Senate, thot they wnould rather seean honest es-slane in the presidential chair of the Senate than totser Stearns gn so the United States Senate by their notes, worn they hollered him so he a party to alltshe election frautds that had been cnommitted in the State since 1868. The Democratic nmemuers frnm therwetswetrealmost unaimos for the election of Stearns, preevided they could get the State goernmen. The straggle in the Senate continuedntsil Stearns was assortdlthat be conlde elected, A majority of the Democraticomembers finally cnsented tsr the election of Stearns so the United Slates Senate, leaning them the State govrnment. Stearns immedi- ately called a cancus of all the Repusblican Senators, so whom hr proposed the electin of A. L. McCaskill, Democrat, as Peti- dentprs temt. of the Sente. Is not then proponded tn bins by both Wings of the Repubhlicans as so whether be was an aspirant for Senator. He solemnly declared that be was not, and that he would not accept if elected. Tbhe caucus then adjourned, and within fiee inates after its adjonrnment McCaskill was elected President pre tees, of the Senate, alltshe Republicans noting fur him has one, and this was Stearns' henehman Hilt, of Gadsdenecounty. The anti-Ring Republioans did nnt know esactly where they stnod, nor did they knnw where In find Ste arns ant it hr deliered his message so the Legislturne. Heat him appeal so those "tupoal and patriotic people" whom hr and bin Ring follnwers had defrauded nnt nf seats in the Legislature fur steren years: "It will become your duty, on the second Tuesday aftereyonrorganiation, en proceed, in accordane wish an ace of Congress and the Constitntion of eke Stnse, to the chkoieeofa niedSttesSnaor for tbeerm commencing the fourthof Mrh ne. While Iam aware f the great interest felt upon this subject, and fuelly appreciate the importuance of srecring an able and upright representatine in the councils of the nation, yes I vnture the suggestion that the people of the Stale  310 CARPETBAG, RULE IN FOIA have greater interest in the home governmoet." He her-e attempts to impress upon the mittds of the Demorcrats that it was their first doty to get clear of him by etecting him to the Senate and leove A. L. McCaskitt Governor. Again he attempted to impress upon their mindt that thould they etect hime they swoutd read no "htboody-shirt" speeches fertm him;no wtootdhe vote foranyhbilltin Congress looig to the protection ofatt classes of citizns in the State against discrimination o accoont of color. He says: ' IFreedom of pntiticat opinion and action has hero accorded alike to all, and recognized as an essentiot principeaoffree goernment. Equal cviitaod potiticat tights are denied to none, and the most cordial good writtprevaitstamong attlasset ofoucr pole. Wenerdo Congressionat enactmensts or othrr interference to secure to any class of our citizens thefllenjoyment of theirjst costittiona eights, since stacery and secession arc thingsoof she past, horied heyond the possibitity of resurrrction ; since att the States are restored to their constitutinat retations with the general govern- ment, and tre and lastirg peace has come." These utterances of Stearns took very vetliwith Democratic memhers, who wre Rot aspiring to the United States Senate, hbt they fetlilshe cotd mater on the politicians, and though hr thooght he shoald cer- tainty pott throgh, these Democratic aspirants mere husy at swork to prercent the consummation of this plan. The Demo- crass nosc commevced in earnest thermemorahte strugglerto ost Sturtevant, Repuhtican, from the Twenty-first Senatoriat District, and trot Strwart, the legalty rlrcted memher. Tlhe foltowisg reportrenhihits theoreal factsnin the case: Hoan. A. L. AtCaudil, Pesidofethe Senate: SIR-Pending the investigation of the following preamlte and resolution: WHEREAS, Me. Sturtevant holds his seat in this Senate as Senator from the Toenty-first District illegally and unjustly; and, wehereas, the election retarns from Dade and Benard couties sham that a large majority of thecvotes cast were given forlstr. Israe M.Stewnartas Senator uehtby parisan trickryadfrau~d he has heon onlawefully deprived of his seas as soch Senator, and that Me. Sturtevasn nore occupiesthe seat swithoot right and with- out ashadowe of title ; therefore, he is 310 CARETBAcG oRtLE sN FLORIDA. have greater interest in she home governmevt." Dr here attempts so impress upon the min~ds of the Democrats that it was their first dory so get clear of hit, hy electing him to the Senate and leave A. L. McCaskill Governor. Again hr attempted to impress upon their minds that should they elect hire they would read no "'hloody-shirt" speeches from him ; nr would he votelforanyhill in Congrss lookingtosthe protection of all classes of citizens in the State againt discrimuination on account of color. He says: " IFreedom of political opinion and action has hero accorded alike to all, and recognized as an essential principle of freergcvrsmens. Equal civil a,,d political rights ore denied to rose, and the most cordial goad wilprevails amongoall classsof ourpeople, We needvno Congressioalenactme Ttsruother iterference tousecurertany class of oar citizens the-fulil enjoyment of their just constitutinal rights, since slaveryoand secessioarrthings ofthe pass, horied heyond the possihility of resurrection ; sitar all tho Stares are restored so their constitutional relations wcith she general govern- ment, and tre and lastirgypeace has comre." These orserauc es of Stearns tookhverymwell with Democratic memhers, who reere not aspiring to the United States Senate, hbtt they fell like cold water on the politicians, and though he thought he should coy- tainly poll thrugh, these Democratic aspirants Wre husy at moth to prevent the consummation of this plan. The Demo. crass now commenced inearnest thenmemorahlerstruggle tonout Strtevant, Repuhlican, from the Twenty-fist Senatorial District, and seat Stewart, the legally elected memher. The followng report exhihissthe real loots insthe case: Hon. A4. L. Me Casdi//, Pesident f the Senatte SIR-Pendisg the investigation of the following preamb~le and resolutionr: WHEREAS, Mr. Sturtevant holds his soot in this Senate as Senator from the Twenty-first District illegally and unustly; and, whereas, the election returns from Dade and Benard counties share that a large majority of the cases cast nere given for Me. Israel M. Stewart as Senator, but by partisan trickry and frau~d he has heo unlawfully deprived of his soot as noah Senator, and that Mr. Sturtevanstnow occupies the seat without right and weith- ontoa shadore of title; therefore, ho is 310 CREBGRL NFOIA have greater interest in the home governmwent." He here attempts so impress upon the mitsds tf the Democrats that it was their Senst duty to get clear of hint hy electing him to the Senate and leave A. L. M~cCaskill Governor. Again hr attempted so impress upon their minds that shuld they elec~t hint they would read no "hloody-shirt" speeches from him; nor would he voteforanyhill in Cogrsslookingto the protection nf all classes of citizens in the State against discrimination an account ofeclor. He says: ''Freedom of political opinion and action sas heeu accorded alihe to all, and recognized as an essential principle of free government. Equal civil and political rights ore dehied to none, and rho mast cordial good will prevails among all classes of oar peopl. We need no CongressiuonlrunactmetttHItorather interfreevtoecure looany class of our citizens the full enjoyment of their jusconstitutionaol rights, siucenslavery and secession are things of the poor, buaried heyond the possibility of resarrectiono; since all the States ore restored to their contitutional relationsnwith the general govern. went, and tour and lastirg prove has comne. " These surrerau,ves of Stearns took very wllwith Democratic memhers, who were not aspiring to the United States Senate, hbrt they felt lihe cold wateronthe politicians, and though hethought he should cr- tainly pull through, thrse Democratic aspirants were hbtsy at moth to prevent the consummation of this plan. The Demo. ceats now comenced inearnest thememorahle strugglrto ost Sturtevant, Repuhlican, from the Twenty-fist Senatorial District, and seas Stewart, the legally elected memher. 'Thr following report exhihits the real facts in the case: Hon. A. L. McCaskil, Prestident of tde Senate: SIR-Pending the investigation of the following preamhle and resolution: WHEREAS, Mr. Sturtevant holds his toot in this Senate as Senator from the Twenty-first District illegally and unjustly; and, whereon, she election retarns from Dade and Benard conunties show thatoaelagewmajority of the votes cat were given forttlr. Israel M. Stewart asSenator,hbutbypartisan rickery andfraud hr has hers unlawfully deprived uf his seaas nunoh Senator, and thatsMr. Strevant nowoccupiesrthe seat withutreight and with. ort a shadow of title; threfore, hr is  CARPETBAG RULE IN FLORIDA. 311I Resolved, That we declate the teat now occupied hy the said Sturtevant to he vacantand that Israel M. Steswatthe Senatae elect, come foeoatd and he sworn in as Senatne from the Twenty-first Disteict. The afficial opinion ot the Attoeney-General as to wchother thereeis any lassnow nifocegoeening contested election cases io this State, wsta eefeeeed to the Commoittee on Peivileget and Electionc, and a thoraough investigation and consideation of the samte resulted an two eepoets. The majoeity repoet folly sostai'ned the Attorney-General's opinion, that is, that the act eefered to in Thomopson's Digest is now in force in this State, and the report ocas adopted by the Seoate. 'Phe adoption of the tmajoritpoepot, hoteve,does nottsettlesthe question as to Mr. E. T. Stuotevaot'soright aodtitle to aseat io this Senate. Pet- ontra: te commtoileee ate of the opinion that inastouch as the retuens of Beced county (one of the counties comoposing the Twenty-fert Senatorial Disteict), have not yet been canvassed and counoted by the Board of Stale Canvassers, his eight and title to a seat is this Seoate is n01 touched by the adoption of the moitiy repoet. Tbevetuens of the Twenty-first Senatoeia Disteict most be canvassed aod counted by the Board of State Canv'assers before "notice" of contest con be legally sens'ea. In January, tS73, Me. Israel M. Stewart petitioned the Senate to canvass and couot theeetrns of veeaed coonty, and pro- nonean enlightened sod just judgmntet thereeon; and his petition, by the unanimous cotnsent of the Senate, oat eefereed to the Coomnittee on Privileges and Elections. No legal nr nther objection was then raised against Me. Stewars's petition. Me. Sturtecant did not then eaite the question that " notice " of contest as not given, sod the legality of his petition to the Senate foe a seat as Senator of the Twventy-first Senatoeial Disteict nwan Rnanimtously acknowledged. Sot the comtmittee, hiod to Stoetevant, butlceuel tRStneat and the people of the Twenty-fiest Seoatoeial District, pocketed the petition. Itn Januaey, 1874, the follotwing eesolotion was inteoduced in the Senate: -Resolved, by the Senate of the State of Floeida, That Isrel M. Stewaet, cho was duip elected as Senatr feont the Twenty- Senst Senatoeial Distict of said State at the lsteglarelectin CAnEvnAv RULE IN FORIDA. 3t1 Resolved, That we declare the seat now occopied by the said Stortevant to be vacantand that Iseael M. StewarI, the Senatorvelect, come forward and be swoen in as Senator from the Tw~enty-first Disteict. The official Rpinion of the Attorney-General as to whether thone is any last now iR foece govertting contested election cases in this Stale, as eeferred to the Committee on Peivileges and Elections, sod a thoough investigation and consideeation of the saecesolted in twoR eeports. The majority repoet fttllp sustained the Attorney-General's opioion, that is, that the act eefeeeed to io Thompton's Digest is Row in foece in this State, and the repoet wsca adopted by the Senate. The adoption of the majorityerepot,lhowevcer,doesot settle the questionasto Me. E. T. Stutevaot'serightand title tosaseat in this Senate. Per contrao the comatitteee ace of the opinion that insmutch as the retuerns oflecard couoty (one of the conties composing the Twsenty-first Senatorial Dlisteict), have not pet been canvassed and counted by the Board of State Canvassees, hiseright and title to a cst in this Senate is Rot toched by the adoption of the nmajority report. The eeturns of the Twenty-fiest Senatoria Disteict must be cattcassedsand counted by the Baed of State Cancassers befone "'notice" of coolest can be legally serveA. In JaRuary, 1813, Mn. Iseael M. Stewant petitioned the Senate to canvass andountlthenretuens of Bevaed conty, and pro- nonean enlightened and just judgment theeon; snd his petitisot, by the utnanimous consent of the Senate, was eefeeeed to the Committee oR Pnivileges and Elections. No legal nv othee objection awas then rased against Me. Stete's petition. Mr. Stuteant did not theneraise the questionthat 11notice"af contest was Rot giveR, and the legality of his petition to the Senate far a seat as Senatoe of the Tswenty-first Senatorial District waos uanimously acknoscledged. Sot the committee, hind to Stortecant, hot ceuel to Stetwart and the people of the Twenty-first Senatorial Distnict, pocheted the petition. In January, 1874, the followsing eesolution wos intenduced in the Senate: .Resolved, by the Senate of the State of Florida, That Iset M. Stemaet, weho as daly elected as Senatoe feomn the Tswenty- Senst Senatorial District of said Stateat the lsteeglar elecion CAnETBnAo RULE IN FLORIDA. 31t Resolved, That me declaee the seat now occupied by the maid Sturtevant tobe vacant, and that sael M.Stewat,the Senatoe elect, come forward and be stwoen in as Senator freon the Twenty-first Disteict. The official opinion of the Attoeney-Geneeal as to schether there is any law now in force governing contested election cases in this State, nwas refeened to the Committee nn Privileges and Electioos, and a thocrough investigation and consideration of the same cesttlted iR too reports. The majonity repoet fatly suttained the Attorney-General's opinion, that is, that the ace neferred to in Thompson's Digest is now in foece in this State, and thc repoet as adopted by the Senste. TIhe adoption of the majoriytreport,totweve, doet not settlethe questionnas to Me. E. T. Stttevant's eight and title to a test in this Senate. Pe- contra : te committene ane of the opinion that inasmuch as the retuens of Brevard county (one ofthe conties cmposingsthe Twenty-first Senatorial Distrct), have not pet been canvassed and countedbythe Board ofStse Canvssers, hisight and title to a scat in this Senate is not toucbed by the adoption nf the majority report. Tbeeretotns of the Toenty-fest Senalnnia District must becanvssdndcounted by the Boaed of State Canvassers befoe "notice" of contest can he legally seevea. In January, 1873, Me. Iseael M. Steaet petitioned the Senate to canvass and count theeturns of Brevard conty, and pr- nonean enlightened and jot judgment theen and his petition, by the utnanimoos content of the Senate, was eefeeeed to the Committee on Privileges and Electins. No legal or other objection as then raised against Me. Stewaret's pntition. Me. Sturteat did not thenraisethe question that'" notice" of contest man not given, sand the legality of his petition to the Senate for a seat as Senator of the Twenty-ist Senatoeial Disteict w as uanimously acknomledged. Bat the committee, kind to Sturevacn, btcuel toStewart andthe peopleof the Twenty-fiest Senatorial District, pocketed the petition. In January, 1874, the following resolution wat introduced in the Senate: Resolved, by the Senate of the State of Floeida, That Isrel M. Stearet, wcho was duly elected as Senaton fnrnm the Twenty- fiest Senatorial District of said State at te lasteglarelecin  3V2 CARPETBAG RUJLEIN FLORIDA. held in that District in the year A. D. 1t72, be nonw sro tn at Senator from the Tweenty-first District of Florida, and chat Mr. Sturtevant ioheeeby declared at not en titled toaoseat on this floor. Me. Stewart's legal ight to contest having heerecogniaed byffMr. Sturtevaot and the entire Senate io 1t73, could not be denied in 1874. A majoritytvote of the SetemwasM. Stare- vant'rosheet-aochor of hope, aod aseadeeoieeeecsort tocsatehimo- self he toted foe himcelf; ond notwithstanding Mr. Stewaec, in thecname ofhio insuohedand otaged conotitency, igootly and persistently demanded his right toaoseat asSeator of the Tweency-firct Senatorial Dicteict fcom Januoary, 1873, to Janoae3, 185 Me. Stoetev'ant now says foe the firrt time that "ocice " oficontestmwasnotoserted onhic. Ioasmuch arM. Storeant cannntcclacm peoteetioooonder the lace now in force goveening conteoted election cacec in !hit State, the committee report farther that at the georat election held oo che fifth day of Novemhr, 1872a, in the coontiec of Dade aod Brerard, com- pering the Twenty-first Senacotial Disrict, E. T. Stoetetant was a candidate foe the office of Scace Senator in raid Dictrict; that hr mar alto jodge of the Couocy Cooec of Dade county ; chat thremarhbuc one precinct in raid county; that judge Stureeant wasrmade an Inspectoreat said prcinct, and at the close of the election on that day, at Iorpector, he and two other Iocpectorr solemnly certified onder oath chat the wehole numbr of voter cart foe State Senatoe in Dade county mar thirty, of wehich Israel M. Steateceiedcsiteeoand E.T. Sturtevant fouteen -majority of tmofoe Me. Stemart. Thisrstatement har not hrendecied at any time orhy ayperoo. Sohsequently, howevee, jodge Stucrtetant petitioned himcelf at the cleek of the election and alro jodge of the Coooty Court, (aod, forthermoe, a candidate at, raid electioo foe the Arremlp-there tcwo, E. T. Sturtetatacd W. H. Gleasoo, constitoting the modest Boaed of Conty Commiccioners( torset aside hit oowo rtetucuder oath at a pecinct inspector, and to reject from such recoen the namer of threerrciizon mho had toted foe Isrel M. Stewart, al- legingacosfficient reaonofortochejecioo thactmto of them, citiaens of foreign birch, iner permitted to tote withoot peodac- ing ther nacoraliztian papers, aod the name of the other did not 312 CARETBAG RtULEtIN LORtDA. held in that Disrict in the yer A. D. 1872a, he non' sworn in at Senator from the Tmenty-first District of Florida, and that Me. Sturtevant isherehy declared at not entidled tooareatconthis floor. Me. Stewart's legal eight to concert hatintg heerecogoized by Mr. Sturtevant and the entire Senate in 1t73, couldnothbe denced in 1874. A majorityptote oftheenaterwas re.Stte- vant'sthectanchoc of hope, aod ascaderniec esoortctosave him- self hbe toted foe himself; and notwichstanding Me. Scemaec, in the name of hit insolted aod outraged conscicoency, tigoroasly and perirtently demanded hit righctoarseat asSenator of the Twenty-fierst Senoatotial Disrict broot Janoary, 1813, to Janoarl, t87~5, Me. Sturtevaot nowc rapt for the fleet time that"ntc" oficontesttmatnotcserved oolcim. InasmochasrMe. Sturevcant cannnt clacm protectionoonder the lam nowe iB foece governing Cnntested election cater in 'hit State, the committee report frther that at the georal election held on the fifth day of Novemhee, 1872,. in the counties of Dade aed Frecard, com- pricing the Twenty-firct Senatorial District, E. T. Stortevant mar a candidate foe the office of State Sentator in raid Disrict; that hr mar alto judge of the Coonty Coort of Dade county ; chat there war but one precinct in raid cooncy; that judge Scoreveant was made an Inspector at said precinct, and at the cloor of the election on that day, to Inspector, he and tcwo other Inspoctors solemnly certified ondr oath that the whole noumher of toter cart foe State Senator in Dade coonty war thirty, of mhich Israel M. Stemart rrceivedriteenandE. T. Strtevnfouteen -majority ofmwo for Mr. Stewart. This statement har not heen denied at any timeorhy any peron. Sahseqoently, homeer, judge Stoetecant petitioned himself at the cleth of the election and atrojodge of the County Court, (and, farthermore, a candidate an, raid election foe the Assemhly-these tmo, E. T. Stuteeant and W.H. Gleason, constittingcthe modestlfBoard of Ctounty Commissioners( torst aside hit own returnundier oath asa precinct inspecor, and to reject from soth rotten the namer of thre ctitizens who had toted foe Icrael M. Stewrt, at- leging asatufficient reason foraschcrejectioo that too f them, citizent of foreign hirth, were permitted to tote reithooc produc- ing their naturalization papers, aod the name at the other did not 31R CARnEnTBAG cOLE to FLORIDA. held in that District in the year A. D. 18i72, he non' stworn in at Senator from the Tmenty-first Diocrict of Florida, and chat Me. Strantisrheeby declared ar notrentidled toaseat onthis floor. Me. Stewart's legal right to contest hating hero recognized hy Mr.Stuevant and the entire Senate in 1t73, could nothbe denied in x874. A majoeityvote ofi the SenatewasrM. Scarce- vant'srheetanchorofihope, and ao adenie escrtctorsate him- self he toted foe himsrelf; and rotithstanding Mr. Scewart, in the name ofhisinsuledand otagdcontitoency,igoorly and peristendly demanded hit right toa eat asenator of the Treenty-first Senatorial Disrict front January, 1873, to Jaua3, 185 Mr. Stortetant non says toe the frst time that IInotice" oficontesttrearnottserved onhimo. Inasmuch asM. Sturevant cannot claim protection under the lam non' in force governing concerted election caret in !hit State, the committee report farther that at the general election held on the fifth day of Notembher, 1872. in the couoties of Dade and Seued, om- priring the Twenty-first Senatorial Ditrict, E. T. Stuoevant was a candidate for the office of State Senator in raid Disrict; that he mar alto judge of the Coonty Court of Dade coonty; that theremwasbut one precinct in raid coonty; that judge Stoetevant weasmade an Inspectoreatrsaid pecinct, and at the cloor of the election on that day, at Inspector, he and cmo ocher Inrpectors rolemnly certified onder oath that the rehole numer of toter cart foe State Senator in Dade coonty rear thirty, of n'hich Irrael M. Stewart receivednsixteen and E.T. Strteatfouteen -majority of two for Me. Stemart. This rtatement har But heen deniedat any time orhy ayperon. Sohseqoently, homeer, jadge Stortevant petitioned himself or the cleek of the election and alto judge of the Couoty Coort, (and, forthermore, a candidate an, raid election foe the Assembhly-these twno, E. T. Sturtevant and W. H. Gleason, constituting the modert Btard of County Commissioneer(to ret aside his otwnretoen onder oath ar apecinct inspecor, andtoeject fromruch retunnthe namesrofthrectitienwho hadtvoted for Irael M. Stemartal- leging astaoufficient reason foersch rejction that two of them, citizens of foreign hirch, mere permitted to tote michot peodoc- log their nacoralizacion papers, aod the name of the other did not  CAPEBA RUL 0NFLOID. 313 appear ont the registration hook. As jusdge of the Counsty Cout E. T. Stutatookthe eidence ine-pte affidaits, andas one of the Booed of County Commttissionters sat in judg- menst on his stown case, and deliherately deolored his reun omade under oath, to he illegol, rejected tie votes of three citi- oens, anddeclared himseftohavetreceivedo astojoeity of the votes cost in Dode county. Ths reun eeott file is tise .Secretaey ofhState'soffilce, oreeio teecolecion of msany Sena- torsnwhoarepeosent,oandoaeetestified tohbythems. The Coosti- tution of Florido, Aeticle 111, neods-- 'The powters of the Gov- ernsment of the Stote of Florido shall he divided ito three de- partmsents :Legislation, Executive oacd judicial, ond no pro peoperly helongisng to one of the dopartmetnts shall exeecise ony functios appertiiig toeithereof the otheos." &o. Non', if judge Sturevaot properly helonged to the jodicial departmsent, oond if the fonttoions of the legislativn depaortoeot is to judge of ste rettoros aod electioo of its menmhers, ten oeithoer as jodge n00 0000sf canvasser could he stoke this judgesoent-thos is, rejecting the votes of these citizens and declaring himosef to hanereeied anmajority of thevotes cast in Dade county; nor coooldthn exeoutive departmoentnmake, not ony act of a pee- vioos Legislatuoe he moandatory to a sohsequent Legislature as so she force and effect of evidence, either as prima e or on- clsvas so the electin of their moenmhers; foe, as to this, eook hoose is sovnereign and absolote and toots peescrihe its owon soles of procedure in judging of the qoalifications, elections, and returns oflitssmemhers. The retoerns of Beardounsty sihow that the wnhole snmber of votes cast for Stote Senoro seas sissy-sine, of wohich Iseael M. Sten'arteceit-ed thirty-nine, C. B. Mageodereseventeen aod Jamnes Payne, Sr., thieteen, a mjr iry of site fce Mrl. Sturteoont over oil the other candidates. Me. Stevanetooreceied not asinglevoie io Beaedcounty. Itsis alleged shoe feomo accidentol or other caoses ste reetuens fronm Breeadcouooty weeenooeeceived intiomefoethe Boord ofState Cannassees, and noosontil aftee a certiftcate haod been giv-en to isl. Storevcno, bottomsed ott his oon ceetificate of the vole of Dade county, shoooiog a smajority of ooe ovee Steweart io said coonty. Trhat theeiturnsof Beardcounty owere Biled with CAPEBA RU E NFORIDA. 313 appear n the registeation kook. As judge of the Coonty Coast F. T. Sturevant took the evidence inno-paese affidavits, and as one of the Booed of County Commtissioer-s tat sin judg- mess on his on case, and deliheeately declaeed his retorn, osade ondee oath, to he illegal, rejected the votes of thee citi- zens, and declored himoself to hate received a omajority of the totes case is Dade couttoy. 'These eetoros w'ere ott file in the Secetary of State's office, areio te reollections of moaoySena- toes w'ho are peesent, and ae testified so hy theso. The Coosti- tution of Floeida, Aeticle III, reads-The powees of she Gov- eenmnent of the State of Florido shaoll he divided issio three de- partmens: Legislative, Execative and judicial, and no pro properly belonging so oae of the departetssnts shall exercise any funscios appertiingto eithereof the others." &c. Non, if judge Sturtevat properly helooged so the jodicial departoent, and if the fonctions of the legislative depaertmet is so jodge of te retorns and electioo of its omembers, theo neither as judge toe county canvasser could he mtake tisis jssdgeesent- that is, rejectinglthecvotes of these ctienoand declaing himself to hone received a majority of te evotes cast is Dade county; 00r coold the eoecutsive depaernment msake, noe any act of a pe- viooo Legislatue he mandatoey so a subsequent Legislature as to the force and effect of eideoce, eitheeas ptottt acietorcon- clsvas to she election of skein mensbers; foe, as en this, each hoose is sovereign and abisolute and muots presceibe its on soles of procedue in judging of the qoalificotions, elections, and retuens of ismembhees. Theeturens of Beod ousnty son' that the w'hole numbher of totes cast fon State Senator ws sissy-nine, of n'hich Israel M. Sten'art receiv-ed thirty-oine, C. B. Magruderoseventeen and Jamtes Payne, St., thirteen, a mjr icy of nine foe isl. fSurtevant os-er all te othee candidates, Mn. Stuetevantrecoeiedot asinglevote io Beadcony. Itsis alleged that lrom accidental or other caoses sthe returns feast finoad counyowee nosreeied intimtefor the Board ofiSae Canvassers, asd not uoil ateracerificateitad bseeo given to Mrl. Stortevant, bottomted o hit own certificote of the sass of Dadencountysowinsgotmjoiy of ate ovee Steenartsin said county. That the returns of Brecod county wese Siled n'ith CARPETBAG RULE IN FLORIDA. 313 appear on the registration hook. As judge of the County Coort E. T. Stortevant took thenevidence ine-paeaffidais, and as one of the Booed of County Commsissioners sat in judg. ment on his on case, and delibeeately declaed his retuen, msade onden oath, so he illegal, rejected the votet of shoe osts- eeos, and declaredkimself so have received a omajority of the vtscast in Dade county. Those returns wee oo file io te Secetary ofiState'soffice, arecin theerecolletiont of moany Sena- torsn'hoare pesen, and areetestified tohbythem. The Consti- tutioo of Florida, Article Ill, toads- The posters of the Gov- ernmens of the State of Floeida shall he divided otto thee de- partments :Legislation, Executive sod judicial, and no peesont propeely beloogiog to ooe of the deparetments csitll exercise any functions apyertaining to eithee of the others." &e. Non', if judge Storevat propcerly helooged to the jusdicial departmsent, and if the functioo of the legislative deyarstmet is so judge of tlse resuros and electionof sits omeombers, tiseo neither as judge scocounty canvasserecould he stake tisis judgemsent-that is, rejectingsthevotesofstheseoiiaensand delaing hiselfto haveecoeived asoajority ofthe otes cast in Dade county; nor could the executiedepatlmentnmake, nornany act ofa pee- vious Legislature he standatory to a suhsequent Legislaare as so the force and effect of evidence, either as pr-imta facie on can- clsvas so the eleotioo of their memsbers; foe, as so this, each tootse is sovereignoandabsolute aod mst prescribe its own rules of procedure in jodgisg of the qoalifications, elections, and retsurns of isstemers. Theseturns of Bresardouanty sison' that the n'hole nomber of voses cast los State Senator mas sixty-nine, of n'hich Israel M. Stewart received thirty-nine, C. B, Magrudernseveoseen and Jamees Payne, Se., thirteen, a mjr lop of nine foe Mrl. Sturtevant over all sthe other candidates, isle Sturenatrenceiednotsa singlenvote in Breeaedcounty. Is is alleged shoe fromo accidental on other causes teetursons loom Breand coonty scere notsreceived intsiste foe the Board of State Canoasses,ndnottuntiiaftera certificatltadbeenogiven to ire Stontevaot, bsotosed ott his oown cetificate of the vote of Dade county, shsowisng a omajority of one osven Stewsart in said county. That the returns of Brvard county werefiled wtl  3I4 CARPETBAG RULE IN FLORIDA. the Board of State Canvassers and subsequently submitted to a committee of the Senate on Privileges and Elections, is within the recollection of many Senators who are present and testified to by them. Also the committee are in possession of a certified copy of the returns on file in the clerk's office of Bre- vard county. The facts here stated are known to be true by at least one-half of the Senators present; they are proven to a demonstration, beyond all question, have not been de- eied, and are without just ground of objection. The aggregate number of votes cast forState Senator, in the Twenty-first Sena- torial District on the fifth day of November, 1872, foots Up thus: For Israel M. Stewart, fifty-two; for C. B. Magruder, seventeen; for E. T. Sturtevant fourteen, and for James Payne, Sr., thirteen- maioity for Stewart thirty-eight over Sturtevant, and of eight over all the other candidates, that is, Magruder, Sturtevant and Paine. Your committee present this case as one most extraordinary in its various phases-of moral turpitude. A just regard for the rights and privileges of the Senate, a decent respect for public opinion, for the offended laws and the principles long estab- lished for the government of judicial and legislative procedure demands an unqualifned censure by every Senator. The stat- utes of this State, the rules of every court of law, the customs of every country, and our own natural sense of justice between men-all, all forbid that a man shall be a judge in his own case ; yet we have here the legislative power of the Senate held for years by a Senator so.called under a decision matae by him- self on his own certifcate, and kept in the Senate by his own vote, without an election of the people. swearing that he is qualifed for the office of Senator under the Constitution, and seemingly without hesitation. In conclusion the Committee recommend the adoption of the following resolution : Reso/ved, by the Senate, That E. T. Sturtevant was not elected as Senator of the Twenty-first Senatorial District, and is not entitled to a seat in this Senate, and that Israel M. Stewart was elected as Senator at the regular election held on the fifth day of November, 1872, and that he be now sworn in as Senator of the Twenty-first Senatorial District. JoHN L. CRAWFORD, Chairman. A. D. McKINNON, F. A. HENDR- 314 CARPETHAG RULE N FLORIDA. the Board of State Canvassers and subsequently submitted to a committee of the Senate on Privileges and Elections, is within the recollection of many Senators who are present and testined to by them. Also the committee are in possession of a certified copy of the returns on file in the clerk's office of Bre- vard county. The facts here stated are known to be true by at least one-half of the Senators present; they are proven to a demonstration, beyond all question, have not been de- nied, and are without just ground of objection. The aggregate number of votes cast for State Senator, in the Twenty-first Sena- torial District on the fifth day of November, 1872, foots up thus: For Israel M. Stewart, fifty-two; for C. B. Magruder, seventeen; for E. T. Sturtevant fourteen, and for James Payne, Sr., thirteen-maiority for Stewart thirty-eight over Sturtevant, and of eight over all the other candidates, that is, Magruder, Sturtevant and Paine. Your committee present this case as one most extraordinary in its various phasesof moral turpitude. A just regard for the rights and privileges of the Senate, a decent respect for public opinion, for the offended laws and the principles long estab- lished for the government of judicial and legislative procedure demands an unqualined censure by every Senator. The stat- utes of this State, the rules of every court of law, the customs of every country, and our own natural sense of justice between men-all, all forbid that a man shall be a judge in his own case ; yet we have here the legislative power of the Senate held for years by a Senator so.called under a decision made by him- self on his own certifcate, and kept in the Senate by his own vote, without an election of the people. swearing that he is qualified for the office of Senator under the Constitution, and seemingly without hesitation. In conclusion the Committee recommend the adoption of the following resolution: Reso/ved, by the Senate, That E. T. Sturtevant was not elected as Senator of the Twenty-first Senatorial District, and is not entitled to a seat in this Senate, and that Israel M. Stewart was elected as Senator at the regular election held on the fifth day of November, 1872, and that he be now sworn in as Senator of the Twenty-first Senatorial District. JoHN L. CRAWFORD, Chairman. A. D. McKINNON, F. A. HENDR 3I4 CARPETBAG RULE INFLORIDA. the Board of State Canvassers and subsequently submitted to a committee of the Senate on Privileges and Elections, is within the recollection of many Senators who are present and testiied to by them. Also the committee are in possession of a certified copy of the returns on file in the clerk's office of Bre- vard county. The facts here stated are known to be true by at least one-half of the Senators present; they are proven to a demonstration, beyond all question, have not been de- nied, and are without just ground of objection. The aggregate number of votes cast for State Senator, in the Twenty-first Sena- torial District on the fifth day of November, 1872, foots up thus: For Israel M. Stewart, fifty-two; for C. B. Magruder, seventeen; for E. T. Sturtevant fourteen, and for James Payne, Sr., thirteen- maiority for Stewart thirty-eight over Sturtevant, and of eight over all the other candidates, that is, Magruder, Sturtevant and Paine. Your committee present this case as one most extraordinary in its various phasesof moral turpitude. A just regard for the rights and privileges of the Senate, a decent respect for public opinion, for the offended laws and the principles long estab- lished for the government of judicial and legislative procedure demands an unqualied censure by every Senator. The stat- utes of this State, the rules of every court of law, the customs of every country, and our own natural sense of justice between men-all, all forbid that a man shall be a judge in his own case; yet we have here the legislative power of the Senate held for years by a Senator so-called under a decision maae by him- self on his own certificate, and kept in the Senate by his own vote, without an election of the people, swearing that he is qualified for the office of Senator under the Constitution, and seemingly Without hesitation. In conclusion the Committee recommend the adoption of the following resolution: Reso/ved, by the Senate, That E. T. Sturtevant was not elected as Senator of the Twenty-first Senatorial District, and is not entitled to a seat in this Senate, and that Israel M. Stewart was elected as Senator at the regular election held on the fifth day of November, 1872, and that he be now sworn in as Senator of the Twenty-first Senatorial District. JOHN L. CRAWFORD, Chairman. A. D. McKINNON, F. A. HENDRY-  CARPETBAG RULE IN FLORIDA. 315 The nminority report odmsits the election of Stew-art, but con- tends that no notice toas given to Stoetevaot of the contest. The minitey repotetasetoo botefaced for aoy decent ttatn to sign, and though the caepet-baggees wrote the repoet tnhich is signed by Frederich Hill, colored, it is evident that Durkee, caret-bag Senao from Dvalcounty, refusedto sigo it because of its ad- miosiooof feoodaaddoppession. Hill, therefore, wastmode the cuts-putt foe "society caepet-bog gentlemen." When the too- jority tepees teas read it created a stamopede amntog Republican Senatoes, and it teas somte timee doubtful wihether the Ring nmct- bees coold hold thoir grip hy douwing tightly the patty lioet. The Demsocrats resoeted to esery thing etey possibly could wehich they thought mould tocoe to themt that majorty of one swhich they tee entitled to. Tho careo-baggers and Govoernoe Sitearns, on the other band, brought evety thing to bear to ro- tole Sturtevant in his seat. The "'Little Giant," L. G. Dennis, was put foewaed by Stearns as the carpet-bag leader of the Sen- ate foe the espens puepuse of keeping Sturtevant in his tout, and to also etake hime mote infloentialtsheoughout the State among the feeedmen preparatoey to leading thoot to she standaed of Stearnsein his struggle foe the nomination foe Goceenoe in eT7, should he miss the United States Senate, Pendiog the discus- sion of thetreport of the committee, sometimes the Demtoceats would outgeeeathe"LittletGiant," and he wold theretupon Oeder the Republicans to leane the Senate without a quoruet. Thin twens on foe seteeal days, when the Democeats, getting tited of this fighting and retteat tostics, ordeeed the Sergeant at-Aerts to tabetobis assistance ten othee petsons and attest the oh- scontding memtbees. The Republican tmembees wete at the house of a citizen tubing dinnee ewhen the tins assistats came in and seized the worst looking fellosw in the sensed. It tuened out that the soon swhom they thoueght could be easily caeried was the swostcusoereof thetlot. 'yhisswas Paetin, of Esaethia conty. Nosooner had they seized bite than he dreenan old reevover-about half a yard tong it seemed to be-andomt- messed -fieing en she dieection of the tn-n assistant Sesgeant-os- Aems, e'horetuneed the flee, butfoetunatey no one was buet. The newesin ashort time weas alt oner toswn and great excite- CARPTBA RUL INFLORDA. 315 The minortitytrepoet admits the election of Stewart, hot con- tends that no notice ecas floes to Sturevecnteof the contest. The minorityerepoetewasetoobaefaced for any decent man to sign, and though the cuepee-haggees ewrote the repyot which it signed by Feedeeick Hill, colored, it is evident that Duebee, carpet-hag Senatorefrom Duval cunty,reofusedto sign itbecuseof its ad- mitsion of fraud and oppeession. Hill, thetefore, was made she cats-pam foe "society caeyet-hag geetlesten." When the tma- joeitytrepoet teas read itceated a stampede amoeg Republican Senators, and it teas some tieme doubtful siheter the Ring mom- bees could hold tbeir grip by deawing tightly the patty tines. The Democrates resotedto eveeything they pssibly cold whbich they thought woutld secure to them that maojority of ooe tehich they were entitled so. The carpet-baggees and Gosverore fSters, on the othee band, heought ectery thing to hearto so- tain Sturtevant in bis seat. The "Little Giant," L. G. Dennis, was putforward bySearnsasethe capet-bag leader of the Sen- ate foe the express purpose of keepinghSturtevant is his seat, and so also make him inse influential throughouet the State among the freedmen preparatoey to leading them en the standard of Steans in his struggle foe the nomination foe Governor in 1876, should he miss the United States Senate. Pending she discos- nin of the tepees of the commitee, sometimes the Democeats swould ouegenerat the ''Little Giant," and be mould thereupon order the Republicans to leove the Senate without a quorum. This meet on for seveeal days, whben the Demoeeats, getting tieed of Ibis fighting and retreat tostics, oedered the Seegeant at-Aems to take tohis assistance two othee persons and aeeest the ab- sconding membees. The Republican tmembees mere at the house eo citizen tubing dinnee wchen the ems assistattts tame in and seiaed theorest looking fellowein te cowd. It turned out that the maon sohom they thought could he easily caeried mas the n-nest customner of the lot. Thin teas Pantin, of Escambia county. No sooner had they seized him thanbhedeman old revolveee-about half a yond long it seemed to be-and om- menced -fieing inethedirection of the tw-o assistant Sesgeant-as- Arms, wbo returned the flee, hot foetunately no one seas hoet. The news in a sheet time weas all ovee tome and grneat excite- The minoeityereport admits the election of Steteart, but con- tends that no notice wcas gicen so Sturtevaot of the contest 'the minoeityerepor as toobaeefaced for any decent man so sign, and though the carpet-haggers wceote the report tehich is signed by Feederick Hill, coloeed, it is evident that Durkee, carpet-bag Senatorefrom Duacounoty,erefusedto sign ithecause sf its ad- mission of feauduand oppessio. Hill, theeefoee, teas made the catt-paw foe " society carpet-bag gentlemen." When the nsa- jortlpeeportmwas read itcreated a stampedeamog Republican Senators, and it weas some site dubhtful ohethee the Ring mcm- bets scould hold theie griy by' deateing tightly the patty lines. The Democrats eesorted to every thing they possibly could whbich they thought wsould secure to them that majortiy of nne tehich they ywere en titled to- Thc carpet-baggees and Governor Steaens, on the othee hand, hrought ecery thing to heat tore tale Sturtevant in his seat- The "Little Giant," L. G. Dennis, was putforwardbyStearns asethe capet-hag leader of the Sen- ate foe the expeess purpose of keepingfSturevant in his seat, and to also make him mote influtential throughout the State among the freedmen prepaeatory to leading them to the standard of Steaens in his sruggle foe the omsination for Goveenor is T876, should he mitt the United States Senate Pending the discus- sion of the repoet of the comemittee, sometimes the Democrats would outgeeetotethe "Little Giant,"andbhe would thereupon ordee the Republicans to leace the Senate weithout a quorum. This meet on foe seveeat days, sehen the Democrats, getting tieed of this fighting and retreat tastics, oedered the Seegeant at-Arms to take tohis assistance twos other peesons and attest the oh- sconding membees. The Republican tmembers mete at the boost of a citien taking dinner wen the to assistantts some in and seizedsthetwoestlooking felloweintecrowd. It turned out that the man tehom they thought could be easily carried was the n-nest cussemen of the lot, This weas Pathsn, of Essambia county. No sonnet bad they seined him shoe he dem, an old revolver-about half a pond long it seemed to be-and om- menced -fining inteedirectionof the en-n assistant Sesgeane-as- Arms, whoereturned the flee, butsfortunately no one teas bort. The news ineashorttime teas all oer tome and gees excite-  316 CARPETBAG RULE IN FLORIDA. ment prevailed. The "Little Giant" then, to get up a bloody- shirt sensation, in company with three or four of the absconding Senators, mardhed fp and down the streets with revolvers tn their hands, cursing Democrats. This pleased some of the more simple of the freedmen on the streets, for they thought that Dennis was a good "Publican." The absconding Senators did not return to the Senate until next morning, when all sorts of resolutions were introduced denouncing the conduct of the as- sistant Sergeant-at-Arms. After Dennis had exhausted all his parliamentary law and the other Republican members had seen Stearns' giant cleaned up, each Republican member commenced leading himself. Senator McCauley, Democrat, from the Elev- enth Senatorial District, had been set upon by the carpet-bag- gers as an offset to Sturtevant, and every time the question of Sturtevant's right to a seat was called up they would call in ques- tion the seat of McCauley. There was no ground whatever upon which to question the right of McCauley to a seat. To put an end to the matter-as no Republican Senator daeed to put in Stewart at the peril of his life, the author of this work made the point that neither Sturtevant nor McCauley could vote upon the question,as both were interested that the other should go out. Ofecourse the Chair ruled that McCauley could vote and Sturte- vant could not. The Chair was appealed from, and on that appeal involving the question of McCauley's right to vote, he was prevented from voting, and the Chair was not sustained in his ruling. This ended the farce of attempting to get Sturtevant out. The Senators of the previous Senate were responsible for this outrage on a free ballot; and while this Senate was also not blameless, yet they had something behind which they could hide the shame of the crime in the shape of res judicatia. There are two acts of mine, committed during these days ofreconstruction, which I regret: that of voting to sustain Sturtevant, and votng for Stearns for Governor in 1876. The Democrats, now baffed in the attempt to oust Sturte- vant, turned their undivided attention to the election of U. S. Senator. Some of them still clung to the idea of electing Stearns to the Senate, while the larger number of them, influenced by aspirations for Senatorial honors, vigorously opposed this plan. 36 CARPETBAG RULE IN FLORIDA. ment prevailed. The "Little Giant" then, to get up a bloody- shirt sensation, in company with three or four of the absconding Senators, mardhed up and down the streets with revolvers n their hands, cursing Democrats. This pleased some of the more simple of the freedmen on the streets, for they thought that Dennis was a good "Publican." The absconding Senators did not return to the Senate until next morning, when all sorts of resolutions were introduced denouncing the conduct of the as- sistant Sergeant-at-Arms. After Dennis had exhausted all his parliamentary law and the other Republican .members had seen Stearns' giant cleaned up, each Republican teember commenced leading himself. Senator McCauley, Democrat, fron the Elev- enth Senatorial District, had been set upon by the carpet-bag- gers as an offset to Sturtevant, and every time the question of Sturtevant's right to a seat was called up they would call in ques- tion the seat of McCauley. There was no ground whatever upon which to question the right of McCauley to a seat. To put an end to the matter-as no Republican Senator dared to put in Stewart at the peril of his life, the author of this work made the point that neither Sturtevant nor McCauley could vote upon the question,as both were interested that the other should go out. Ofcourse the Chair ruled that McCauley could vote and Sturte- vant could not. The Chair was appealed from, and on that appeal involving the question of McCauley's right to vote, he was prevented from voting, and the Chair was not sustained in his ruling. This ended the farce of attempting to get Sturtevant out. The Senators of the previous Senate were responsible for this outrage on a free ballot; and while this Senate was also not blameless, yet they had something behind which they could hide the shame of the crime in the shape of res judicatia. There are two acts of mine, committed during these days of reconstruction, which I regret: that of voting to sustain Sturtevant, and votmng for Stearns for Governor in 1876. The Democrats, now baffed in the attempt to oust Sturte- vant, turned their undivided attention to the election of U. S. Senator. Some of them still clung to the idea of electing Stearns to the Senate, while the larger number of them, influenced by aspirations for Senatorial honors, vigorously opposed this plan. 306 CARPETBAG RULE IN FLORIDA. ment prevailed. The "Little Giant" then, to get up a bloody- shirt sensation, in company with three or four of the absconding Senators, mardhed up and down the streets with revolvers n their hands, cursing Democrats. This pleased some of the more simple of the freedmen on the streets, for they thought that Dennis was a good "Publican." The absconding Senators did not return to the Senate until next morning, when all sorts of resolutions were introduced denouncing the conduct of the as- sistant Sergeant-at-Arms. After Dennis had exhausted all his parliamentary law and the other Republican emembers had seen Stearns' giant cleaned up, each Republican member commenced leading himself. Senator McCauley, Democrat, from the Elev- enth Senatorial District, had been set upon by the carpet-bag- gets as an offset to Sturtevant, and every time the question of Sturtevant's right to a seat was called up they would call in ques- tion the seat of McCauley. There was no ground whatever upon which to question the right of McCauley to a seat. To put an end to the matter-as no Republican Senator dared to put in Stewart at the peril of his life, the author of this work made the point that neither Sturtevant nor McCauley could vote upon the question,as both were interested that the other should go out. Ofcourse the Chair ruled that McCauley could vote and Sturte- vant could not. The Chair was appealed from, and on that appeal involving the question of McCauley's right to vote, he was prevented from voting, and the Chair was not sustained in his ruling. This ended the farce of attempting to get Sturtevant out. The Senators of the previous Senate were responsible for this outrage on a free ballot; and while this Senate was also not blameless, yet they had something behind which they could hide the shame of the crime in the shape of res judicatia. There are two acts of mine, committed during these days of reconstruction, which I regret: that of voting to sustain Sturtevant, and votng for Stearns for Governor in 1876. The Democrats, now baffed in the attempt to oust Sturte- vant, turned their undivided attention to the election of U. S. Senator. Some of them still clung to the idea of electing Stearns to the Senate, while the larger number of them, influenced by aspirations for Senatorial honors, vigorously opposed this plan.  CARPETBAG RULE IN FLORIDA. 31 7 The celered beethert CUTw held fleet clate dipleotte Cfasen years' curefntrctio frnt cptbgniersityefbriber-y end hrated in Florida, tend if they did CUt prteU whlat they had been taught in this sehttol, it waubcaeuttan ly itnstincet fuehbade thetn. Genneral cauecases and demnagoue seeches wTould cut beting theta, nut cultd the "corener" caucuset cotrol tenm. The caepethag aepirantts tettnd it tcesttary to treat theme astchey did tnhite caerpetbag nmetnbets at the Legilature-thut it, to gice chatapagne aed eystee seuppers fee their enteta~inment, at wthich sapperetheaspirentnusttbeypreseetuatd patkeccith hisguet, and approach thent ten the sttbject uf the benatoethip, and thoe teobtutetld he houtght got tsomething n-eth the naTmeofhbribe- taking, Althugh the cTolored heothere held thece diplomtas, utvery emall nminotity of thent at tis session Ut the legiela- tnre aeailed themnselvee at the benefice tef theie educatiun. Ptt Demnoceats, in the canv-asstwhich had juteecloted, had denounced fracnthestanmp the mnyacte of htibery commnitted hy thekRe- pubtlicnnmetmbetsof the Legitlature, teed ithadict egfect, atileest apten the nindaof the ueuageacleced nmentbee, tthono nu-awt that both branchestef the Legislatue had been lost toe the Ret- yublietent, wehich ltest wee grettly acteihuted to these acts tef beihery. Thereewat ageod dealofntuneypenhydiffeent carepetbag aspiatstottsecuethe cteceted peiteet bfenater, hut the colorned bttether nmade it a beuiness tte tube n-hat ntnney hie culd get and all the merthatndie the bribee culd musetee up betnee he n-at called tuon to utete, and then vate ageinet the cuantdidate nf the beibee. but an illutectation :Genege Wiche- sponn, cnlneed, tuattatproached fey a Jewe tn vate tot Gut-. Walhgt tan beccatoe. Tis teat nithant Walhke' knen-ledge. This Jewe wac a geat adnmiree at the en-tinetnee, and thnnght it Witheespnnn culd beesecueed that the twhnle delegatiun tfnnm Jefferenn Connty teeuld tollnte. The Jewe bad hit doubts about Witheecpnnn, hut penn-iced tn pay hint five htendted dullaes and all the nerchandite be needed foe hit famnily it he, Witherspnnn, woualdvote foreGov. Walkee-the Jewc heing a meechant at the time. Witherspnon twat nat the etae te let thit chanece pent, hat said be thnaght the mneye and gonde ntust he had beeenvoting. The Jewe objected to chin, and asked W. G. Stewart, nho was The coloed beuchersenowc held fleet clate diplomnae nt aeeen years' coreteeftintrutction fromdartb~tlag uniestyfheiey and frad in Floeida, and if they did net prateuice n-hat they had been taught in thit echoul, it teae hecuse tantly ieetinct foehade themn. Genteeal caucues cud demacgugue sypeechee wouuld nut being thent, aut could the " onr"cacsscnto-hm The carpetbag aspirants fund it necessary to treat themc at they did wchite carepetbag ebesc ut the tLegideatuN--thee ie, tu gite chanmpagne and oyetee eupypees fut theie enteetainmuent, at tchich sueppeethceeapieantnmustche preseent aud yarcahe withhiseguets, and apyeoach thenconntheesuhjecteof thebSecatutthip, aned toue ehchutld he huught gut somtethiegteorth the aencffbrihe- caking. Althugh the coluted heutheee held thee diylomtau, hatea verytsmall mcinritytof themcitctciscessuionucdche legila- cute acailed thetneeles et the henefice ef theit educatiate. lice Detnoceats, in the canvast wchich had justc cluesed, had denounced frunctheestunthecmnauctsufhriey commtitted hyctce Re- publicae memerst uf che Legilaturee, and ic hadite effect, atles npon the mninduof the ac-c'age coltecd meer, n-he non-eawt that bhtbrhancheetof fte Legislacuee had heen luet te the Re- yublicans, wehich lute nweu greatly atteihuted to thete actseot heihety. Tbheettasea good dealuofnmoneycspenthydiffeent carpetbag eelpiratusc t ecure cthe coeeed ptizet ofbenatne, hut the colured heothee nmade ita husinessecotahe ebat mneynyie culedgetaed all the nerchacndise the heihe culd nuteteep hefoee be teat called tepee tu vate, and then cute against the candcdate tef the heihee. Fou an illuttin: Geoege Wither- spoon, colnted, teat appcroached fey a Jewe to cote for Gee. Walkger for benatore. This teat wtcihout Walkee's knan-ledge. Thin Jewe teen a gteat admiree of the en-CUveerne, and thonught it Withertpoonet could hensecued that the n-hnle delegation teen Jeffeeeten Councy wenald tnllocw. The Jete had hit datebts ahote Withnetspnnn, bet peamised to pay hint beve hundred dnllaes and all the meechandise he needed tue hit fancily it he, Wccherspnan, wounldenoteforeGoc. Walher-the Jewebeintg amechant at the time. Witheespteon n-at nut the teen to let chic chance pent, bnt maid he chought thetmoney end goteds nest he had betareevoting. The Jew- objected ca chic, and ashed W. G. Sitewaet, nhn teat CREBGRULE IN FLORIDAT. Pt7 The culurcd hetethees nun- held beest dlate diplen-as tet Cee yeaes'cuseefeitruttctiunfrontcaetbahgtunivesitytefthiey antdfraud in Felorida, and if they did nut practicc n-hal they, had been caghtin chit school, it teas hecuse nmanly instinct furhade them. Genteeal caucues ted detnagoueesyeechee n-uuld nut heing thenm, nter coald the "tuoreru' uue cnrl hm 'The cerpechag aspirants touted it necessaey cc teat thenc as they did n-hitce carpecthag nmemest uf the ILegitltee--that ie, co bit-c chamnpagee and oyser euyyees fue theic encectaienment, uc n-hich tappet the aspiraet muthe presetaud partaken-ihhi guet, end approcach themn- tethe settttct uf the Seteaturship, and thoe n-hocuuldhbebughc gutuehiegn-urthtte nacuetethedibe- caking. Althugh the coloeed hrothers held thee dipluumau, hate aerynmabl minietyfytcheuc at chit seseiunutf theleil- tueavailed themnseles of the henebite at theie education. Tice Demcraeets, ie the caevass wehich had just clcsed, had denounced fromntthetumnpthe mnacts ofl heiherpcometted hyctce Re- ipuhlican eersee ef the Legislature, and it had itt effect, atles upen the cainduof the ac-e-agecoloed nmener, n-hu nun- saw thet both beanchec uf the Legislataee had been last cc the Re- paublicatns, tehich ltese n-at greatly acceibuted ta these acts uf heiheey. Theen-asa guuddealuofnmuneynspethydiffeeet carpethag aspiranctstsecue the cuceced peizeof beatore, hut the coloredherteher maedeitcabusiestontae n-hat nmoneyhli culnd get end abl the erchandise the briberecould musetee up befnee he teat celled upo tee vocte, end then Evote againet the candidate nt the hribee. Fee an illutreatin: George Withet- spoon, coloted, n-at appeuached fey a Jew toe eote for Gee. Walker tee benacur. Thie n-at thoat Wafelkee's kntenledge. Thit Jen- n-at a geat admicer tet the en-Cneenn, and thoeght it Witherspnnn ceuld he net-aced that the wehule delegatinn fenom Jefferson Cuty woteld follan-. The Jen- had bin dteuhts about Witheespnon, bet penmised co pep hint beve hundeed dtellars ncd all the meechaedise he needed tee bin fan-lyp it he, Witheespon, woueldnvteforeGo. Walker-the Jewebeing amerchett the time. Witheerppooe n-an nut the teen ce let chit chence pace, bunt seid he thteught the money and guteds nust he had befoneenting. The Jew- nbjected to thin, end aehed W. C. St-eac, mthn men  318 CAPTAGRL IN FLORIDA. postmaster at the time, at to wehether Witheespooo could be trustedtwith hisfive hundred dollarstor not. Steewarttiormed him that he did not cart to havt atrything to da weith the affair. The Jete then mtade Witherspoon sear that hr wrould rote for Gor. Walher when thr timr arrired, mhich oath tWitheespoon did eat hesitate far a moet otahe. The money ws paid, aod Witherspooe alto had fret acrest to the state of the Jew, antdsiths and finey totheramountofseral hudred dollars mere added to the monryrcontideration fot the coreted rote. Tile Jew was nowrinogreattglee ted antiripatedoaspleodid toe- ress. When rho eall was railed oo thr rate foe Senatoe, With- ertpon rated foe Satoutl Walher, Repahiiran. This statled the Jew, who weet inside the bar of the Assembtly rctamber and requested Witherspoon: "Girt me that tiog hach," meenong the mtoey and gooadeforesaid. tiherspoon conteoded that he had roted foe Walher, hat the Jew onsisted that it eat tart tht Walher agreed uont. Witherspaoon, to get tid of him and yet retainothetgoodsaod money, inealoudtoeofroicthraeneed to hart him areted fat attempted hrihety, whee the Jet, feat. leg the consequaeces, hegged him to toy no mote ahout the mtoa- ter and he might hare hoth mottey and merchanedie. Same of Gor. Walher'e friends had srrared aeother Repuh- ria ote, at they thought, whirh woend certainly rarry the te-Gavrtor thrugh. This man tat Charles Avery, carpthag- gee from Leonerounty. When the toll was railed ie the joint session Gee. Walher rereived oee etajority of all the rates raste- Arery reliegflot Walher. The Demoratic mtemhers mete so much titled ovr thee election of Walhr that they roald not re- mtaineintheir es, adoeof them- Duncn,fom Hailo- rontacrossthechamheraedtshookhhie ist iethetface of W. W. Hiche, Inedepeedeet. The Repuhlicans eat hegae to ry: "Teasoel" ''Sold out, sold oat!" The outcryhbeiegagaiest Avry-sonte swearieg that he ought to he hilled. Avry, eot heiegstontgtenough toestaed the fie,. after the ecitemntet had somewthat ahated, tase ted enformoed the presiding officr that hit role tat rat foe Samual Walher, Repubhicae. Ie the meanthile Governor Walher had heen sees for hy hit friede and iefornted that he had he en elected Geited loites Senatee. 318 CRETBrAG eULE INFLe IA postmaster at the time, as to wrhether Witherspoon rould he trusted with his tire haedred dollars at eat. Seteat ieformed him that he did eat cre to hare atnythiog to do with the affale. The Jew thee made Witherspooe oteat that he would vote foe Grv. Walher whee the time arrived, which oath Witherspooe did eat hesitate ftc a momeet to tahe. The money was paid, and Wtitherspoon alto had free access to the slte of the Jew, aed silhs aedfinery totheommount ofiseveral hudeddollars mete added to the moey consideration for the rov-eted rote. The Jet ma, nao. in great glee tand aetiritpated a splendid str- rest. When the roll mar rolled de the rote foe Stenator, W~itht- erspooe voted foe Samusel Walher, Repuhlican. This startled the Jew, mho meet enside the hoe of the Assemhly chtatmher aed requested Witherspoone "1Giee me that hong hach," emeaeing the money ted goads aforesaid. Witherespooe coetended that he had voted for Walhee, hat the Jes nisted that it eat eat the Walher agreed apart. Witherspoont, to get rid of hims and yet retaierthe gaooddmoney,ie aloutoneaf oietraeed to have him arrested forattempteddheiery, thee the Jem, fete- leg the consequtences, hegged him to say no more ahout the mat- ter and he might hare hoth money and merchandise. Some of Gov. Walher's friends had secrted teether Repuh- ravte, as they thoughst, which would certaiely carey the es-Goveree, thtough. This mae mas Gharles Avrey, carpethag- gee from Leon conety. When the toll mae railed in the joiet sessin Goe. Walher eceived rone majority of alithe eates cast- Avry roting lot Walher. The Demoratir eberes mere so much elated over the elertin of Walher that they could eet re- maineie their seats, and oneof them- Duerae,frontHamtilton- rae aceoss thtchamerend shohhittiethetface of W. W. Hichs, Iedepeedent. The Repuhlictes eat hegan to cry: "Treason!" "Sold outsold ant!" The outry heintgagaiest Arery-some swearieg that he ought to he hilled. Avery, eel heing strong enough tostanedthe fire, after the excitemeet had somewhat ahated, tase ted enfoemed the preeidieg effiee that his rote toe east foe Saemuel Wtlher, Repuhlicte. Ce the nmetewhile Govrtor Walher had heeo sent foe hy his friends nd enfornted that he had heten elected Ueittd States Sentor. 318 CARPETBARULI FLORIDeAea. postmaster at the time, as to whether Witherspon could he trustedmwith hisivrehuadred dollars oroot. Stewart ieformed him that he did eat rare to here atnything to do with the affair. The Jet thee made Witherspoona smear that he mould rate foe Gor. Walhee thee the time attired, which oath Witherspon did eat hesitate for a mom eat to tahe. The money was paid, ted tihespone also had free access so the state of the Jet, ted silhs tand finery tothe amontosof several huedred dollars mere added to the moneyyconsidratin for the coveted rate. Tlse Jewmasowmintgreat glee ted anticiprateda spleedid sac- rest- Whea the tall tat colled on the rote for Setor, With- erspoon rated foe Soamuel Walher, Repuhlican. This startled the Jem, mhowent inside thetharof the Assemlyrchamhereaed requested Witherspoon: "Give me that tieg hach," nteaning the money and goods aforesaid. W'ithersptoon contended that he had roted foe Walher, hat tite Jew insisted that it tas not the Walher agreed upotn. Witherspoon, to get tid of him and pet retainethe goodsaed moey,ie aloutd toe ofvie tretened to hare him arrested forattemptedhbrihery,mwhen the Jew, fear- lang the coesequtences, hegged him to nay eo mare ahout the mat- terend he might hart hoth money and tmerchandise. Some of Gov. Walher's frends had secured aother Repuh- licao rate, as they thought, which would crtainly catty the es-Gorereor through. This mae was Gharles Avery, crepethag- gee feat Lteoounty. When the rail mas called in the joint sessioe Gov. Walhertrecteed one erajority of allthe eotts cost- Avery voting toe Walher. The Demoratic methers mete so much elated ovr tire eletiot of Wlker that they coold Rot tt- matinointheireseats, and oeof them -Duncan, froamtilton- ran actest thechamher andshokhishfst iothe face of W. W. Hichs, Indeptndent. The Repahlicaes eow hegan so ry: "Treasoe!" "Sold outtold oat!" The outcryhbeingagainst Avry-some swearieg that he oaght to he hilled. Avry, eol heing stroeg enoogh to staed the ie,. after the texciteent had somewhat ahated, arose and informed the presiding effiee that hsis rote tat rant for Samuel Walher, Repuhlicae. Ie the meaethile Gnrereor Walher had heren scot for hy his friends and infocted that he had heten elected Geited States Senator.  CARPETBAG RULE IN PLORIDA. 319 CARPETBAG RULE IN ILOKIDA. 319 CARPETBAG RULE IN t LOXIDA. 319 The Governor horried to the scene. He tells un that as liewa Rearing the Assetmbly Chambker the son began to tise higher and ttigher, and as he torned to wath tip the steps to the hall his pothway got heighter otntil he ceached the hatl, wehen he seas infoetmed that it twos a soistae-he hod not hbesn etected. The non hy this titne hod hegoo to set, and the eteents beam darkeeoand darker,ntilntheeews noto cory of Senotoriot tight anywchereeaeound hiem. Thecvotecast by Avery waos undooht- edty cast for Goveenor Watkee, bot he nas intitmidated into de- claring that it was intended forhSamuel ale. Samooet Walk- er had opposed the election of Acery in the election just cloned, asnd waa even a candidate against hiso foe the Asembly. After the Walhee failuee the Demooceas hecamoovoey de- spondent retatie to thne election of any of the Demsoceatic aspie- ants, and Stearns wsco agaio secretly yushed foewaed by his feiends. By sonte moeans not entirely kownc, Col. Hocatio Bin- bee had sccosed the support of tost of the tndependents, and if Steaecs had been true to bins he ecocild hsae bonn elected. Steaenscst apart aday for the election, and the whole powtee of his esitten adsministration wsca so he beooght to beae tonsecure the election of Bishee, acd hc held bsack the apyontmoents in ms of the coontien to accomeplish thin end-at any sate, be face this an bis eeasnn foe holding thesm back. All of the snemtbeen of the ton count)y delegation wcould hose coted foe Binbee if Stearnn ncotldhaceageeed tono-nolto the Senate foe confienmation anto- Ring officees toe thatCoutnty, Tfhis be agreed so do; hot feeling confident that thin wcould securee the election of Bisbee and defeat hsis conmbination wcith the Demnocrts, he refosed to caeey oat his peomnise before she day arriced foe the electione, schich caoned the Leon and Al achuoa couty delegosions so vote foe notme other candidate. The next attemplttto electoa Demcocrat wsa moade by S. B. Conoer, United Staten Senatoe. Hon. John A. ttendersn, weho, wchen Conocee wsca elected Senator in 183 and Stearns as Lieutemant-Goceenoe undertook so chseat bins in te opent joint sesonot of s election, demnseded fir ploy, wsca nowse ettled ouponby Conovereand the Democrats lo be elected ott crti day. Thin movement wsa only revcealed so thone Republicans The Goveenor hueeied to the scene. He tells us that on bewa neating the Assembly Chamber the son hegan to else highee and higher, and an he tuened to math op the steps to the halt his pathmay got heightee ntil he eeached the halt, schen he weas infored that it wsea a mistake-he had not been electedt. The son by thin timee had began to net, and the elements became darereeand daree,auntil theescaosoeay of Senatorial light anyschereeaound him. Thesvote cast by Avery wscanttdoubt- edly cast foe Gocernoe Walkee, hot he wsca intimidated into de- claeing that it wsca intended foe Sascuel Waolkee. Samuel Walk- ee had opposed the election of Aery in the election just cloned, and wsea even a candidate against bins foe the Assembly. After the Walkee failurte tlse Dlemocrato becamse seep de- sponndenterelative to thte election of any of the Dennocratic asyie- ants, and Steaens wsca again secetly pushed foewaed by bin feiends. By tome meant not etntirelyknown, Cot. Hoeatin Bis- hee had secured the suppoes of most of she Independents, and if Steans had been tre to him ha woulcd cha been elected. Ste aens setoaartaday fortheleciosn,and theswhole powsee of bin erotten admsinisteation wsca to be beought ta beaeto secureethe election of Bisbee, and he held bach the appontments in ost of the counties so accomsplish this end-at any ease, lie gae this as bis reason foe holding thems bach. All of the memees of the Len county delegation scould bave voted foe Bisbee if Steaens wousld haveagreedtstaiodto the Scoots foe confirmsation ants. Ring officern forsthatountty. Titis ho agreed to do; hot feeling confident that thin wcouldnsecuee the election of Bisbee and defeat Isis combination wcith the Demoocrats, be refusned to carry out his yromisehbefoee the dayoerrived foe sie electiont, wchich cased the Leon and Alachuaacounoty delegations to cote foe some other candidate. The next attemptssto elect a Democrat wsa de by S. B. Conovee, Uoited Staten Senatoe. Hon. John A. Hlendeesn, weho, schen Conocer wsca elected Senaor in t13, and Stearns as ILieuteoant-Goceenoe undertook to ciseat bin in the openo joins sestion oat of hia electin, demansded fair play, wsoo nowse ettled ouponby Conover andthe Demcocrats tobe elected oan tai day. Thin mvcemoent scan only revcealed to those Republicans The Goeenoe hueeicd to the scene. He tells s that as lie seas nearing the Assembly Chambter the sun began to else higher and highee, asd an he tuened to math tsp the slept to the halt his pathway got beightee until he eeached the ball, schen be wan infoemed than it wase a msitake-he had not been elected The son by thin time had begn to net, and the elements became darereeand darere,ntil theewscanoto c ay of Senatoeial light anywhereeaeoundbhim. Tbeevote cast by Acery seas usndoobt- edly cast foe Goeeernoe Walkee, hot lie wsca intimidated into de- claring thatitswasnintended forboSael ale. SamuteetWalk- er had opposed the election of Aveey la the election jot closed, and s ecen a candidate against bins foe the Assembly. Aftee the Walker failuee sthe fDemocats becamse seey de- spondent relatiee so the election of any of sthe Demaocratic aspie- ants, and Stears wsca again seceretly pushed foeoard by his feiends. By noose means not enstirely knowsn, Cot. Hoeatio Bin- beebhad secured the suort ofsmost of tendependens, and if Stearns had bees tue so hiso he scotld hsoae eens elected. Stearnsnset apaet aday forethe elections,and tewsole poswee of Isis erotten administeation scos to he broughst to beaetnosecore the election of Bisbee, and be held sash the appointments in nst of the contties so accomsplish this end- as any ease, he gace thin as bin eeanon foe holding them bach. All of she memsbeen of the Le on county delegation scould base voted foe Bisbee if Steaerns wcouldhave agseed to saodso tse Sonata foe confiermatin anti- Ring officers foe that counoty. Thsis he ageeed so do; hot feeling confident that thin swould securee the election of Bisbee and defeat Isis combination scith the Democrats, he refused so caery oat his promise before the day arrised foe the electios, swhich cased the Loon and Alachuaa County delegations to sole foe some other candidate. The nextattemptstsoelect a Democeat wsca smade by S. B. Conocee, United States Senatoe. Hon. John A. Hfendeeson, mba, schen Conovee swas lected Senaor in t1t73, and Steaens at ILicutenant-Gocenooesundertooh to chethim n thie opes ioint session oat of his election, demansded fale ploy, nwon nows setsled upsonby Conoversand tseDemcas to beteected ott crti day. This movesments nDlt- revealed so those Republicans  320 CREBGRL NFOIA wtho were to tote fee Hendeerson ted to the Democraetic teeet beet. TPhe thee was eleat three colored Republicons should be absentetheroll wastcalledinejoittsessionoand thee leae tee Demtocrt-se in te maejerity, wenot all of themtw-ceeto tote toe Henderson. Tee mintes hefoee the jointtsession met the Repoblican memeree of the Scete eeceited a note ferom judge J. D. Woetecottottintet tchree colored me ee otit(e teein thoe naese , and thtt Hcederson would he elected thee dey. Thistewts twae conveyed to all the Repttblicen omemerset ofhode Housesedto the freedeo teteet, aodoagener- al ootcryeoosomedeoameogytheoaidhdlohbrioyhbach the sheept thettwerelost. Houses eesearcheedandhoygies toeetsenttin ev-erydirection, cod the ceyof teeonouldoetdhheard fromt the etonth of evereyooredherothee, echo toot ueged on hy cte subhde caepethaygers, ell oddity foey to the exciteeet. The thoee stoaycsheept, heoting the fuouoo bottle ofteseotdd-heowolee, toonomadeetheireareance,candeedheown uon tee shool- deec of the carpeeheg shephedse cod tafely conded ie the fold. Thereewateaterejoicingyaooetheoiety-oend-oioe, ted Hen- detect 0wct defeated. WV. WV. Hiohs, tohote pecoliar emission seeet to hate heten .elect Bishee to the United Statet Seoe-while he to ot festing to he Iodependent, ted Biobee toa0 considered by the Deomocatobeceveyeonoioustysano-ow, mooddeted ac the defeat of Bitbee, cre lee the jointsettion cod, oboer chaeg- fog bribtery to the mtemers tof the Leyiletoe, ito a teey elabor- ate speech nomtinated C. WV. Joones of REcotobia county foefSeoa- toe. This totooecocelt of Hichs fcll floe cod Joes fell th it, bee otly to cite ogain ethen cho Steeaons plaete-oteepoted. The electiton of Steernseoc tooheo tbought to be oteured, hoc tnfortu- ntely foe blim the Little Gianett soerheard io the doehoeto of the eight explaining tee antehee coepechoggee hoto the chiog toot to he dote. Stearotee-as to oaepoint Geore E. Weontwoerth, caepechagger of Escoteblo coutcy, Lieueneant-Governor 00 the day he, Steecens, toot elected Goeort. Wboetworth tould tobe pettescioe of the Etecotive efice at soon as Stearoc toat elected, toheo ho toot to hood int hit reosigoatiot of the office of Gotero- oer t~oetworth. Theofiect act of Wentoth i0 hit ewet capat- 300 CA00E00000 0000 tN FLORItDA. toho ere to votee fee Hendeceot cod to the Deteoceatic mtoee- beet. The plotw toohat three coloted epyublicans should he absent c-benthfe eell toot colled in joint session cod thee leoce tel Doemocrts inthde mtajority, twhene all cf themteeeto tote forl-tendeeton. Teneeinuteeebeforetejohntessoiotomette Ropublican mebeee of the Senate received a notee from judye J. D. Itetcoet etoeing thee tee coloted etcen wee ot (toen. tioning their naes)ee, and thee Hederson ewould be elected theet day. This news toot conveyed to oll the Republican mcembers of bode Hloues cod to te freedtmeno teheseets, codea gener- al oucrcyeco meead onogethefaidthdlohbring backhe heey thoatowereolot. Hoesee earchcedhdbuyies ereen otl ecoty diteotion, aodethe cryof teaonecouldhbeheaod ferom the meoueh of eey coloredherother-, toho toot urged ot by the tobtde carpetbaygers, oll oddity furyytodtetcieeet. The thee steay seep, heariny the foeious hotole of thotoeewould-he tooloes, sooomdeetheireeaeoce,oondeehowne uon the shool- deco of the caryetbay eheyhoerde and tofely laoded i0 the fold. Thereewos greatorjoiciogoamongetheoiey-oed-eie, and Heo- derson toot defeated. AV. IV. Hficke, echose peculiar moission seemse to hove been to elect Bisbee tothe UiedStatet fleocee-olde he toot yet- festiog to be tndependeet, and Blisbee toot cotsidered by thce Detoocsohbeooeryohoiouseyoeeicoo-o, meaddeoed at the defect of B~isee, are in doe joiottsession and, after chaty. iny beibeey to the meeee of the Leyilatece, io 0 veey elaor- atespeech nominaoted C. WV. J onesof Escotoiaountey foefSeoa- lee. This eoteesaeie of Hiche loll floe cod Jones fell toith it, bet only to cite afain tohen the Steeaeet plan toot epoted. The electionofSearnsowasthenothoughtetohe ossoeed, hot uofortu- nately fee hito the Littde Giont toot ooerheard lee the daekooss of cho oight explaining to anthee caepethaggec hoto the chiog toot to he dooe. Stearns tot to appoiot Geoege E. Wentworth, cacpetbagger of Eocooohio counety, Lieuenant-Goveror ton the day he, Stoarot, toot elected (ioveeeoe. Wentot h tould cahe postestiton of the Etecutieitoffice at soon as Stearot toot elected, tohtn he toot to hood it tic cesigoation office offioe of Goovern- ot to Wentortoeh. Thefersc ace ofXWentortth ito hit oeto taboo. to ere to otee foe Heedetstn and to the Deocretic meeo- bets. The ylon waedeththee coloeed Repeblicons sould ho abeeewheo the roll toot clled i0 joint session coed thos leot e the Demeocsinteemajority,twhen all of theto were to tote toe Heedoctot. Teo mtinotee beforet fle joiot sessieon mto cte Republican e mbters of the Senate reeied a oe feoto Judyo J.I.Veetcoeeeetatinethtthreeecolored ee toote tot (ee- tionineytheirnaes)e,eend tet Hendoeonewouldhbeelectedcthat day. Thie ewc toot coneyed to oll the Reputblican toeombecs ofhoothHoue eedtoethe freedenootiesteets,candoageer- ol oucry toot toade aogt the faihfhd to beiny bck the sheey ehatceeebte. Houses eee arochedandhbuyyies erseti every direction,ondethecryeof treeonocould hearcd froto the toooth efovery coloredhbrother, toho toot ured on by the tobtde carpethayyer, all oddity fury ec the eociement. The theo stray sheey, boariey the fueritus hoole of ehete tould-he toolves, soomade teireaypearance,andoeehoon uon the shoud- deco of the caepeebag ohoyheede and tafely cended in the fold. Theetwasygeaterejoicingtaongtytheoite.-d-eitc, and Hee- derson toot defeated. AV. WV. Hichs, tohote peculiar tison teteet to hoot been to elect isbhee to the Coited Stetes Seace-ohile he to ot fessing to ho Independeot, aed Bisbee toot cotsidered by the Deoceatsto eohaeyhoboiousypatisan-o, toaddeoed at the defect of Bisbee, arose in the jointoeson and, afeo choeg. log bribery to the otemboot of the Logislatoto, it a very elaor- ateespeech omntoled C. WV. Joneof eEctbic county foreSeoa- tor. This etotoecoceull of Hiche foll floe aeed Jones fell wtoh it, bee ooly to tice ageie ohen the Steoarnt plan toot texpoted. The electiooffStearnstwasthetchought totle assueed, hoc ecfoete- oeetely fee blot the Lietle Giaoe toot overheard io the darhoets of the nifht eploiting to aeother corpebaggee how the thing toot to be dote. Sitern toot to oppoiot Geerge E. W~entorteh, taepetboggee of Ettoothia coeunty, Liceeooeoe ton the day he, Stcearnc, toat elected Gotocooe. WXentortoeh would lobe postoessioo of the Etecoute office at soon as Stearns toot electod, tohet be tootle hood io hic resigoation of the office of Govero- ortto Weottoeth. Thefiesc ace of Wetwoth it hit ec apac-  CARPETBAG RULE IN FLORIDA. 320 CARPETBAG RULE IN FLORIDA. 321 ftp twoo to accept thio reoignotion. Thio toot to be keptosecret hroot the Doeoocratt utotil Stoeorns hod coooed tho Sonaotoel golf. The oext doy thit ploncam ooonoitod ahrood aoog soomeoofolheoRepuhlicoos, hot it toas doobtod by someo of the Dooooceots, oho thooght theyold tooo ho io possession of thit ottoog cotyotbag foetiication. Geo. P. Fotolot, owbito Re- pohlicon, boot nt a memobee of tbo Legislototoe, prooeeded post haote oto tito boordiog-hoooe of thot old Demoocrticovetora, J L. Ceaorod, ooddootooded to tee him at00000. The doctor hesitoted to got oot of hit bed, ostbe oigbt toot voty cold ood it wastroining,out Fowclertoid, "Joootsee you." Tbo docoro's curiosity now being excited, be got oip end teceived doe tidings of the messeoger. Fotolot then iofoemed blot tbot Steoerns hod oppoinoted Goo. E. Wentotoh as Lieotenaoo-Governor, twhioch appoitmeot toot toot to be toode kono ootil oftee Steorno toot elooted Uoited Stotes Seootoe. Ho told be got his ioformotioo astonoeyetneot,hiongoseethecotomissionsigned bydtete, ond that itsautheticity coldtot bedoubted;andoerged te doctoo to inoformt oil the Dotooceots of this teatot at 00c0. Th e doctor, io loot than on hoot oftee receiving thit iotelligeoco, hod intfoetoed every Demtocrotic toetobee of the Logiolotote. The Steorns took fromtohib hoor enot down to rise 00 morte ino the Senatorial maret. '[he Ring, ino the session Of 1873, voted foe J. D. Wentoote uon att ogreement of cottolliog the Federol offices, otod ta oot giveno 00 oppotutoty, by tbe Leon couootty deiegotion, to ogoio note foehito. Wetcoot, tohad bee tosevereliy criticized hy tome of the wohites foe ollotwiog hit namto so hooed by tbe ting ino the poeviots Senotoriol steoggle, hod obietooted himself feom them otod hod gone in toith the ototi-eiog Reptublicoot. Of coorse the Ring hadpledgedeocb otheretooocho onefo otoy office teho toot toot olbied to them, otod the Detoocrtt totod toot 0000 foe hito hocooute they deoieed shot he ohoold eemoito oto the So- pemte hetoch. C. W. Jonestonto mode otoothee ottempt. Wheto he hadcometoiohio onenote oftheoeceosayooume, he 00000 from hisseat and addressed the presiding officer of the joint ip toot to occepo thit eignatioo. Thin toot to be hopt s ecret feom the Democeoto ootil Steoros bod cooted the Senaorioi goif. The ext doy this pioo become ooised obtood omoog tstme of the Repoblicoan, hot it toot doobted by tome of the Democeoto, whoothoughttheywould toot be io pontensioo of this onog corpetbog fortibicotion. Goo. P'. Fowclee, whbite Re- pohlicon, boot eot o member of the Leginlottee, peoceeded yost hoste to the boerdiog-boote of ohot old Democrotic veteten, J. L. Crowford,oanddemoonded to too him tooce. The doctor hesitoted toget ootof hished, oootheonightowoscery coldoand it waonroinong, btoowoletoid, "I musotsee yet." The docoto' coeiosiy nowbeing excited, he gotoyooadeceiedoeidigs of the toessnge. Fowlee then iofototed him ohot Steoarns hod oppoitoted Gee. E. Wentoroth 00 Lieoteooot-Gocoero, tohich oppeonmentmoto ot tohbe mode hnowntuotil ofoet Sotero toot elected Uoited StaoesSenoto. Heoaid he got bin itfoemaoion ostaneyetoites,ha'igeehe commisionignedbyhSearn, andothatoitsautheticiy cold noehdoubted;andoergedothe doctoe to infoem oil the Democeotsof tfhistroeeon ot once. The doctor, ito lest than 00 hour ohtee receiving this ontelligence, hod informed evety Democeotic membee of the Legislatere. The Stearn tockfromothiehoentodownt tine to mote in the Sentoieal maehet. The Riog, io the sension Of 183 cooed foe J. D. Wetcott upOon 00 agreement ci contolliog the Fedeeol offices, end ta oot giveno 00 oppoetunsity, by the Leono county delegotioo, to ogoin etoteforehim. Wencotwombhad beeo seveeely ceiticized by tome of the whitos fee ollowiog hit nome to hootsed by the ring ino the previous Senotoeial struggle, hod olienoted himstelf feom them otod hod gone ito toith the anti-ring Repooblicono. Of couene the Ringhod ledged eachnoher totouch ho onefoe any office whto toot toot allied to them, otod the Democeoto woold 000 vote foe him becootte they deoieed ohot he ohoold eemain ono the So- peeme heoch. C. W. Jonoes now mode aothee ottempt. Wheo he hodcomemithione votef theecessyome, hears from histeot oand addressed the preetiding offiere of the joint lop toot to occept this resignation. Thin toot to he hoptoseceet fromthe Demcots unid Steaerns hod crossed the Sentorial golf. The next day tis ploan become ntised obrood aoneg somot of the Repohbcoans, boo bt toot douboed by tome of the Democeoto, ohothnoughtotbeyouldsooonh be i possessinn of thisstrong cretbog fcotfication. Gee. P. Feowlee, wchite Re- publicon, boot toot a moember of ohe Legisloouee, peoceeded ynost hoste to the bootding-house of ohot old Democeotic v000000, j. L. Ceowfoed, and demondedo tee hbo at ooce. The docor hesitated to get oot of bin bed, on ohe night 000 vety cold ond 0t wasoronong,hotFowleresaid, 'IImustsee yet)" The docoto' coidtyowo being excited, hegot upoond received doedtdiogs of the messngee. Foowler theon itfoemed him thao hoearns~ hod oppointed Gee. E'. Wentworth on LieueeooooGoceroo, which oppointmeetowasnottobe mode hnowntotl oboer hotearns toat elected Uited SttesSenoto. Hfeoaid hegot biinlfoematdon asoaneyetwitness,bhaingeen the commisionoigedy tearon, ondthatisauthetciy coldnotbeedoubted;oandourgeddoe doctor to inorm oll the Deocratsof tfhisea000000 oeo. Tbe doctor, ie lenstohoo ano hoortber teceiving this ittlligeoce, hod iofoemed every Democeosic membee of the Legioloonee. 'rho Stearnststockhfrmothishourtoentdtowto rite to more ito the Sentoiablmorhet. The Ring, it he nessdon of 0813, cooed foe]J. D. Wenoceott npon 00 ageeent of contotlliog the Fedeoal offices, ood ta oot gien 00 oppoetutoity, by the Leton coutoty delegotion, to ogoino vtote forohim. Westoeeo,owhoboad been severely cridcized by tome of the whites fee ollotoiog hit oome to hootsed by the dong inothepeviousSenotorioltruggle, hod olienoted himself feem them ood hod gont in toith the ototi-riog Repoblicoons. O1 00000.0 the Riog hod pledged each oshee to touch no 0n0 fee oany office whotw ootaloliedo them, otod the Democrots ouold toot cnte foe him hecotose they desired thot ho thould temoio oo the So- peeme hooch. C. W. Jones nowt mode aotehee ottempt. Wheo hehodecomeobwitnon 000000 oftheonecessorynumbe, he 00000 fromhisoneot end addessed the pestiding offier of the joint  assembdy,ad sid,thatiniehaclfeffifteen hudedvoers whome I ha e thelhonor t rpe peen, Ip cast ipe oe fore C. 'IV. Jones." 'it. Martincthenproie andeisthisvteforC. W. Jones," therebyvgiing, him tw maoity~ee, when ep ,-p pihdewisow 1ot t Tei eiocits did niii rjoic ervpini ove Jones' el ~it a liei was not techoeie. Tiscodeditilhe last Circu fcaptIcg Spiipipeipt electionsi in tie Floidai f-gisl iiie,after- tainig itie-ieplloe-. -iceaies, fureiously road on accn of hisdefeat, cipe etrned hswoeatn ion t tih gubernatorial tie iltiii Ot cT87h. Nip Republican could he appeinetied to oiffice iiiithpiiiN eiig allegiace to hiec ancd his ring T he eicei-eiicg Repiihticcii- cic the Legislaure, anieciaing li obhject, iienti to ivi-i tic defeact all omiatins snt o ie Senatie epdee suc contepir-ci. What- ever mvhbe sidhabouitieiwhite pieple's uiiiicidlei, titde toe the Repuiihlan prt) ii the Stae, thee shpii pd P ilnges wenp ppch namei wereentieioiihe Senatpe, toi vote againtitheie coninuatcioneifeifcoupild be pro, editoeteietlatthesie appit- niet,5wer mde o sppesstheaniiiig freedilen ini their C. 1H. Wltonp, editoii of clip /S/lctt- S-linc, afehe hee- ing doee alt he possibly eculd ip defraiud the ippp delegatioe outof anhonpest elecion, piow cmepupfor State Ppiptp,pend undpertppktpiptimeidaie ihip deleegaiointoee hit isupprt; hut file d~etegation, hainig already Ihiimiliated theceselep h) iNoting for ciarpetbagriegcndidatee for U. S. Senatore, and inc thente hecvotinig eo sustin .curce~tpc, had ma~de tip tii mcinds to tcealltwcpopmce eeof this deadly poison, aned voted icpeelypfor Charles R. Dyhe, Dpmcrate ewho hpd deeppeded in hip paper atc honest canvasse pf the vite ie Leoen cty. The ring howl-ed "Teaso,"butcto oeffeec. At thip sepsioe efche Legislaicre the aendmencs peicpesed by the feermer Legielturee ceree adepted, amoneg cwhich eat the acectec abhehshicng acenual cecsiocce and ceatinghiecciat tes- Theptlaimpef Gov. Reed ceas againcetsideced hycthisces- sipe pf the Senate, ancdpacmittee appeitted to examcince the claimc made the followeing ceport: assemblyd anddsaid, 'that iniphalfpoffifteenphundte-dvcers wcheIha teche honor tc ~eetent, I t ray~ %i ioi forP C. A. Joes. "'Mt Matitheinirope andcastIlvtei fortpC. tt'. Joese' thecbli giN en libe two pmajority, wene Jones wiethdee tie po-p vt.The tlieecipt did ipi rejoice i*vii muc piper Jones' el tcction.palleewstepi ice. flip ended the las pipette of cepehpuicSeiatialteliecpionihpfe oidiiL-gltieter tking p venty-e ialhts. Searnsi fi oaly oed pepeepppet ofhisdefeat, now terned hswoeatn iont the guberntial epeeciepeipe Of ti7S. NoPRepbiecancoldeainedto ffieeihcP sweicg allegiance tee hiec acd his pipe. The anpierieg Repuinsiipt the Legisltee aeeiiain~c hi object, ie pto wpeepk co defect allpnoinaionspsentitohe Secite undeeiechconteact. W~hac- evrmy iesid abhutile wpiele ple'si~ unfriiendly ateitude t the Rpuicane~ paete p the Stae, they pipiipd p ilnres wphen sch namcepweesentptothe Senate, tovte agistei Ppiswreidl to suppes tp Pitt i-e eg freeetiiie in p eii C. 1. Wtonc, editorpf 'lie NiclEdip p 2piiii/cz afhee hap- ing done att he toiblyhi could te deheeud the tepn detegatieoi outiof inhonesteeletionpo%% cae iteipfor Stpte Prinereand uertotontpimiidatethis delegaion ieto tiscsupport; hict thle tdetegation, tainig already humtiliaed chemees hyivoting for caepethageriegecandidatesfreU. . Senatoread inctihecSente hyevoting tosustainehPuteaet, hadtcmadeiup teiremindseto ecwatlowno moeeof this deicdty pisicn, iced vpted opeety for Chartee E. Dyhe, Demopiat, ceho had demanpded in hit paper act hoestp canvass of the ve in Leoncoeety. The ring howlted "Tepasoet" hut te pp effeet. At liis sesspion pfthe Legietactre the aendets peeposed by the forer Legislturee teee adepted, amtoeg wehieh weae the amtercdeeeaholishiegannett sessieesancetinghienncialtes- Theetlaimtef Gee. Reed wase tgaineetnidered hycthiseses- siontef the Senate, atndpaomtetee appeitced coepemipe the ctaiem mtade the fotleowing repot: 1e2 CAI I'B( RITE~ CII LRI assembled said'"thatin ehlf offhliee hnreii tr wehopm I hpNc the honor to represent, tcast pee ioe fee C. Wi. johesehe M. Mgtin th pe~ t eoel pas Jeep v iied pp .W.o eletio, a li wa no thir hoie.Tiended tee lapt ciru ofecatpeigPficeoicl eletctis i th FctiditLgilaiiiefte cickuugieeey-flu p bal~lots. Stearnsefiiiclyicd Pt aeeount oflidefeate epe peeped Notfepuiheeuul~d he ippinteedetooite w ehic earping aleinept hipe iccd t eiiig. The epi eieg Rpubplicans tic the Legislture ppticipating hip objeict. pen uto work to defect al oia ionent to the Spnate iiidere ch conieait. W~hat- eperemypephsaidcabut ilep mSite people's ueftieedlc. atitude to the Rpueiliane paeti in ph ttecie, the1- shoeped p ilnges ewhenppch nape, weeesentctothe Seneteiete agiet tir ceritspweirfeaept pldpi te inirn fed eppi teir ciimpt P to piposce S~tensl. iiieii C. H. talton, ediepr of die YShst/peeinepl, afehbe- leg doee all he poibile epuld io defraud the tepn delegatiice out ofpplhest eleeci, nowe ceeilifor Septe Peietereed tedetook ep pntipedatee this delegtione pepo his euppeec: hut the delegaiic, hainig alceicdy humiliated themeveetse hyNting fee carpetbag ring epndidae fpe U. S. Senpipr, aned pn the Senate bypvoting tosustainStutevan, eicd maeide ccl) thele muindc te ts-allowepo morepof chip deadly peisice iced voted epeelyfeo- Cheelec R. Dyhe, Demeperpt, p-hp had depmpnded pn hip picper etc hoestc cavs eefe thcle votes in Leoeecouety. The rieg howleed ", Teaseon," hut tic no effect. At chip steion efthe Legislttee the aendets peepesed by the feoreer Legislturtee teee edepted, eamoeg whieh teat the amenetdmeetaihinhigannualcesseeieeseedceaetinghienialtes Theetlimef Gee. Reediwes ageinecoetidered hy thittset- sioe pf the Sente, eed aecommttee appeinted topexettine the tliteme meade the folteowieg repeet:  CARPETBAG RULE. IN FLORIDA. 32 3 "The Committee on Claims, to whom was referred the claims of ex-Gov. Reed, upon examination of the case, find that it has been passed upon by special committees of two successive ses. sions of the legislature, and considoerable amounts reported due im. They fmod, also, that there are large amounts alleged to haoe been paid him on aecount of the State, which are denied by him ; and as grave legal questions are involved in the fmtal adjustment of the accounts, which cannot be determined by your committee, thterefore recommend that the whole matter be referred to the Attorney-General for final adjustment." A bill was reported for that purpose which was not acted upon at this session. Thus the pioneer of civil government in Florida, and the restorer of peace, was denied justice at the hands of the people's representatives. Nothing was done in the Assembly with regard to this claim. W. J. Purman, member of Congress, served as a member of this Legislature, and took part inthe election of Senator. A res- olution was adopted by the Assembly calling upon the Con- gressional delegation of our sister State, Georgia, to represent Florida in the Congress of the United States, as Conover and Putman were here in Florida in attendance upon the Legisla- ture. The carpetbaggers, having virtually lost their majority in both branches of the Legislature, and both branches having Demo- cratic presiding officers, were unable to pass plunder bills at this session, and the people breathed pure air. After a session of fifty-two days the two houses ajourned on the 26th of February, sine die. This Legislature sounded the death knell of the last carpetbag law-making power in Florida. The number of representatives in the Legislature who could neither read nor write, during the seven years of carpetbag rule in Florida, was six-four colored men, Republicans, in the As- sembly and one in the Senate. and one Democrat in the Assem- bly, white; and for the benefit of those who contend that the Southern white man cherishes no good will for his black brother, or that " no good thing can come out of Nazareth," it is only CAoRPEAG RUTLE IN FLORIDA. 323 "The Committee on Claims, to whom was referred the claims of ex-Gov. Reed, upon examination of the case, fhd that it has been passed upon by special committees of two successive ses- sions of the legislature, and consierable amounts reported due him. They find, also, that there are large amounts alleged to have been paid him on account of the State, which are denied by him ; and as grave legal questions are involved in the onal adjotoet of the accounts, which cannot be determined by your committee, they therefore recommend that the whole matter be referred to the Attorney-General for final adjustment." A bill as reported for that purpose which was not acted upon at this session. Thus the pioneer of citil government in Florida, and the restorer of peace, as denied justice at the hands of the people's representatives. Nothing was done in the Assembly with regard to this claim. W. J. Purman, member of Congress, served as a oember of this Legislature, and took part inthe election of Senator. A res- olution was adopted by the Assembly calling upon the Con- gressional delegation of our sister State, Georgia, to represent Florida in the Congress of the United States, as Conover and Putman were here in Florida in attendance upon the Legisla- ture,. The carpetbaggers, having virtually lost their majority in both branches of the Legislature, and both branches having Demo- cratic presiding offcers, were unable to pass plunder bills at this session, and the people breathed pure air. After a session of fifty-two days the two houses akjourned on the 26th of February, sine die. This Legislature sounded the death knell of the last carpetbag law-making power in Florida. The number of representatives in the Legislature who could neither read nor write, during the seven years of carpetbag rule in Florida, was six-four colored men, Republicans, in the As- sembly and one in the Senate. and one Democrat in the Assem- bly, white ; and for the benefit of those who contend that the Southern white man cherishes no good will for his black brother, or that " no good thing can come out of Nazareth," it is only CARPETBAG R ULE IN FLORIDA. 3 "The Committee on Claims, to whom was referred the claims of ex-Gov. Reed, upon examination of the case, find that it has been passed upon by special committees of two successive ses- sions of the legislature, and consierable amounts reported due him. They find, also, that there are large amounts alleged to have been paid him on account of the State, which are denied by him and as grave legal Juestions are involved in the foal adjustment of the accounts, which cannot be determined by your committee, they therefore recommend that the whole matter be referred to the Attorney-General for foal adjustment." A bill was reported for that purpose which was not acted upon at this session. Thus the pioneer of civil govecroment in Florida, and the restorer of peace, was denied justice at the hands of tihe people's I epresentatives. Nothing was done in the Assembly with regard to this claim. W. J. Pttman, member of Congress, served as a member of this Legislature, and took part in the election of Senator. A res- olution was adopted by the Assembly calling upon the Con- gressional delegation of our sister State, Georgia, to represent Florida in the Congress of the United States, as Conover and Putman were here in Florida in attendance upon the Legisla- ture. The carpetbaggers, having virtually lost their majority in both branches of the Legislature, and both branches having Demo- cratic presiding officers, were unable to pass plunder bills at this session, and the people breathed pure air. After a session of ifty-two days the two houses akjourned on the 26th of February, sine die. This Legislature sounded the death knell of the last carpetbag law-making power in Florida. The number of representatives in the Legislature who could neither read nor write, during the seven years of carpetbag rule in Florida, was six-four colored men, Republicans, in the As- sembly and one in the Senate, and one Democrat in the Assem- bly, white; and for the benefit of those who contend that the Southern white man cherishes no good will for his black brother, or that " no good thing can come out of Nazareth," it is only  324 CARPETBAG RULE INFLORIDA. necessary to say that the colored men, however illiterate, when they rose to address the presiding officers of either branch of the Legislature, were listened to with marked attention by the South- ern whites, even though sometimes their remarks had been taught them by some unprincipled carpetbagger for the purpose of exciting the feelings of the whites against the negro. The same considereation accorded them in the open sessions was maintained in the committee rooms. Not one word of criticism or ridicule was ever heard from one of them. They showed themselves ever ready and willing, when the colored members would listen to them, to instruct them in their legislative duties. Nearly nine-tenths of the bills introduced in the Legislature by the average colored member-outside of plunder bills-were written by Southern white men. The colored men who began to and continued to study professions found a ready friend in the Southern white man, who freely extended the right hand of fel- lowship to push the ex-slave to the zenith of his profession. Now and then you would run upon some puppy in the shape of a Southern white man whose attainments in his profession were more in the color of his skin and in the fine clothes bought by his parents than in his cranium, who would endeavor to riducule colored professional men who were his superiors in the profes sion. The carpetbagger, as a general thing, did not believe a negro should aspire to any profession, nor would they give him any instruction as to his profession unless the benefit of it would inure to some carpetbagger in the way of political aggrandize- mtent. From the very inception of reconstruction to this session of the Legislature, whenever a colored man would attempt to express his opinion against the questionable methods of the gang of adventurers who were in possession of the government, he would be whistled at, hissed at, and ridiculed, while on the floor of the legislative hall, and his language criticised, to compel him to desist from opposing them. 324 CARPETBAG RULE IN FLORIDA. necessary to say that the colored men, however illiterate, when they rose to address the presiding oficers of either branch of the Legislature, were listened to with marked attention by the South- ern whites, even though sometimes their remarks had been taught them by some unprincipled carpetbagger for the purpose of exciting the feelings of the whites against the negro. The same considereation accorded them in the open sessions was maintained in the committee rooms. Not one word of criticism or ridicule was ever heard from one of them. They showed themselves ever ready and willing, when the colored members wcould listen to them, to instruct them in their legislative duties. Nearly nine-tenths of the bills introduced in the Legislature by the average colored membee-outside of plunder bills-were written by Southern white men. The colored men who began to and continued to Study professions found a ready friend in the Southern white man, who freely extended the right hand of fel- lowship to push the ex-slave to the zenith of his profession. Now and then you would run upon some puppy in the shape of a Southern white an whose attainments in his profession were more in the color of his skin and in the fine clothes bought by his parents than in his cranium, who would endeavor to riducule colored professional men who were his superiors in the profes sion. The carpetbagger, as a general thing, did not believe a negro should aspire to any profession, nor would they give him any instruction as to his profession unless the beneft of it would inure to some carpetbagger in the way of political aggrandize- ment. From the very inception of reconstruction to this session of the Legislature, whenever a colored man would attempt to express his opinion against the questionable methods of the gang of adventurers who were in possession of the government, he would be whistled at, hissed at, and ridiculed, while on the floor of the legislative hall, and his language criticised, to compel him to desist from opposing them. 324 CARPETBAG RULE INFLORIDA. necessary to say that the Colored men, however illiterate, when they rose to address the presiding officers of either branch of the Legislature, were listened to with marked attention by the South- ern whites, even though sometimes their remarks had been taught them by some unprincipled carpetbagger for the purpose of exciting the feelings of the whites against the negro. The same considereation accorded them in the open sessions was maintained in the committee rooms. Not one word of criticism or ridicule was ever heard from one of them. They showed themselves ever ready and willing, when the colored members would listen to them, to instruct them in their legislative duties. Nearly nine-tenths of the bills introduced in the Legislature by the average colored member-outside of plunder bills-were written by Southern white men. The colored men who began to and continued to study professions found a ready friend in the Southern white man, who freely extended the right hand of fel- lowship to push the ex-slave to the zenith of his profession. Now and then you would run upon some puppy in the shape of a Southern white man whose attainments in his profession were more in the color of his skin and in the fine clothes bought by his parents than in his cranium, who would endeavor to riducule colored professional men who were his superiors in the profes sion. The carpetbagger, as a general thing, did not believe a negro should aspire to any profession, nor would they give him any instruction as to his profession unless the benent of it would inure to some carpetbagger in the way of political aggrandize- ment. From the very inception of reconstruction to this session of the Legislature, whenever a colored man would attempt to express his opinion against the questionable methods of the gang of adventurers who were in possession of the government, he would be whistled at, hissed at, and ridiculed, while on the floor of the legislative hall, and his language criticised, to compel him to desist from opposing them.  CHAPTER XIX. The CanopalkficO 1f876 -Peparaotonfor- F-aok. Deebeforothe Sueiee Cour. Ste-tos it, Consuataion. Dewt Iooogn- rated. 7he Co/ared Brthder Woertha Peotethe, but cot Woth/y to haze t Ft/f/ed. Cartbtag Legaes to teo Co/ls-ed Be-o/,. to the Spring of 1875 Stearnts coiled the mtembers of the Ring togethter in Jacksonville, and ot that mteeting itwa determned that he,oandno othe, should be theexot Gkovernor of Floe/do. W. W. FHicks, echo pretended to oppose the Ring as an Indettendent at the cotmmenceet of the Legistlate, teat appointed by Stearns as Soperintendent of Pob/jc Introction of the State. This at once tuotereed h/to into the Ring at teadinf smemer. The pobtic schooto and schoot teachers, at fae as possibte, teethed foe the nomaination and elc/toc of the Chief. tn the htock-bett ecuties any ce cotld get o certificate to teach school for the colored people weho wcould p/edge himor c herself to concocs foe Stearns in the neighhorhood tehere they weree to teach, no moattee hoc iltiteeate the person moight ho. Io Leon County, swhere thre cos the featest opposition to Sterns, he hod appointed the nooriously immeocot ballot-box stoffee, Joseph Bones, as Soperintendent of Edocation. Thece wat no cerime so great, no act so low hat that he weas capahle of corrurstteg it. To enable the reader to formo 00 intelligent conceptton of soteoflthe colored eachersoappointedasistreuctorsouder the tog/tee of htearnt, the followng it gioeo-c tamtple of cwhat cameoundeoorpersonalobsecoation, in an attemepttolinstrct the popilt inaithmtetic. " What nilI ten hogshoodsfoll of toolese come to at tweenty-fhve dollars a hogshead ?" The pop/il, wcho bad been taoght hy better teach ers onder the admoinistration of Goceenoe Reed, nould prest, antd infortm thele peofessor that the woeds weee ' hogsheod "and "cmo- lasses;"hbuttce pofessco ould scold and stormcat themo and threele to putnith themc by aseN eee flogging if they did not CHAPTER XIX. The CaloPacfit Of 1876d-repar-atonfoe- Fe-aok. Dtoew befo-e tde Supee Court. Stea-oo tin Constaotion. Drew, Ioaugu- rated. Tde Co/tred Be-otdter Woe-ed a Pwseoa, but cot Woe-/ky/tav ote- Fo/fiod. Care-ptbag Legaces totte Co/tred Br-othoe. In the flpeing of c/7f Steaetts called tho memtbers of the Ring togethcer in Jacksonville, and at that mceeting itwa detoertined ththbeandootherthold heothenext Govoeror of Florida. W. IW. H/cbs, who pretended to oppose thte Ring as on Independent at the commtencoement of tho Legislatooe, teas appcointed by Stoers as Supeeintettdent of Putblic Itrue~ctiotn of the State. 'lb/s at once mtcered h/to ino the Ring as a lead/of mcember. The poblic schools andchooloeachees,oas foe as possible, woebed foe the note/coc and election of the Chief, to thte block-belt counties any one cottld get a certificate to teach school foe the co/coed people o wnould pledge bite or berself to canvass foe Steatns in the neighboehood where they weeso teoch, no matter bon illiterate the person moigbt be. to Leon County, were tbere teat tbe greatest opposition to Stearns, Ihe had appointed the notoeiottsly imooal ballot-boo stofee, Joseph Boweesc as Superintendent of Rducation. There ws onocime so geat, nact solownbutthat hecwasccapable of cotmmtttting it. To enable the readee to form an intelligent conception of sotmeofthe colored teacbersoappointed as instruc-tors undee the tog/toe of Stearns, tbe followng /s f/ceo-a samsple of tehat camceundeouresonal/osercaion, in an attemtepto instruct the pop//s in aoithmcetic. "Wht/at ccilltsec hogcbeadsfotl of otolesse comeeto at tentyfice do//oct a hogsheadC" The pupil, wbc bad been taught by bettee teach ers nder the admcinisteation of Governor Reed, weould protest, and infarct theis professor that the woeds were "chogshead" and "mo-cc lasset;" butthe professor would scold and stoer, at them and tbeealer, to punish thenm by asecere floggincg if they did nst CHAPTER XIX. The Ctcttpacgc of 1876-Pe-epaationfo- F-ak. Dtow before Ode Scpeie Court. Stoe-ma ic Consatont. -Dew, Ittagc caed. Fde Colored Be-otde- Wee-ed a Feottcae, bcct not Woe-/ky fto havt' cFc//ed. Cae-pet/og Legacea to tke Co/ared Bra/koc. In the bpite/o of 1f75 Stearns called the mtembers of the Ring togethcer in Jachsoncille, and at tbattttee/of it a dectrmned thatbe, ando othber,should bethe nextGcoeroro of Floe/do. W. IW. Hicbt, wbo yretended to oppose the Ring as an Independent at the commcemoent of the Legislature, teas opptainted by Stearns as Superintendent of Ptublic Instrucction of tbe State. This at o0ce mteeed bite into the liof as a leading metbe. The publicscools and scoolecers, as foe as possible, woehed foe the note/nation and elect/con of the Chief. In the black-belt counties any one could get a ceetificate to teach school foe tbe colored people whbo wcoold pledge blmorn beself to canvass foe Steaens in tbe neighboehood wbhere they werct teach, no mtatter how i/literate the peecon mtight be. In Loon County, whbere there wot the greatest opposition so Steaens, be had appointed the nooriottsly itoral ba/lot-hon stutfee, Joseph Bowcet, as Superintendent of Edacation. Thre teat no crimesgreat, noact sotlowbtthat hecwas capable of catetteng it. To enable tbe oeader to fnom an istletigent concepion of somneof thecolored teachesappointrd as instuctorsounder the regime of Stearns, the fc/toning is f/coo-a satople of whbat cae nder coor pesonal observatian, in an attem~pt to/nstruct the pop/ils i0 aritbhmetic. "What n/ill son bogsboadlsfo/l of tool esses comce to at ttenty.fcve dc/toes a hogshead?"' The popil, wbo hod been taugbt by better teachers under the adtministration of Goveror Reed, could protest, cod infoerm tbeir profesor that the coeds wee" hogshead " and " mo- lasses;" but thepofessor wnould scold and stoerm as themc and threaten topunishbthem bycasevee flogging/if thcey didot  acept hisyoncationc. Thoehpls'ould Oof rehaet tsutccmb. After fliihing the aithm etlessnteylstt touogh theoctecisme. "1Who it the 'Pubfleetn Goenor of the fleece f Florida ?" Antoot--" Gioveero Statust." "' lho macde hi tierenior?" Ate. '' le colored peoyle." ' Who is3ieegeeogcetemoutofhis cat?" Ails-'lDeocraet, C'onovee, aeed otec white eel itlack Lieeal lReyublicans.'' -'Whet shoultd cte celored people do wtie thee e wois trying toget Ci 'vero Stttust tof tis seat?"5' Ants. -'' iThey sold kill thett." ''Thisa done eelt tthe pattons, steof wehome coteled toed, oettd hel impessed ht thtetyepeeietef teicildre, anedewld beeadyc yept anyoe tottdtththotwoutld conice ote intothe counetryand satythggantt Govenrtearn, Incmaty insctneeothisoeaching Itolitteffet uoteoieotof feedene. TIhese teachersteceited frtwtttttyhf~etothit flee doflact yet mthttl. The tthole yublcehheootl tyscteeciil matdeetatpotertfulettttiliat to the cetttttoigc feted of teaertsetll the year 18f75-h. The fleace Suerietendent, wehile yeosessett eunqetonabele altility telatitve to the duetiet of hit office, det eted hit wohole energy tand tietotheefro usc canvass'e foe the ntominhatien tef Sctetrns toe the ttter neglectc of the eduecacton of the mase. 'hesae wasectrueee tee te the Supyeeinendents of sm ofthe blhack bieteadterec tiet eegecitegypolitical clubsl insteadfschols. AtetheJanuarty termc eef cte Sueec Courecof the Stte fee 1fl76, Siteeres eand the Ring receieed ateeteible blhaek eye at the hantdt ef thatecourt. Steaent attemtpted te estabih the validity o'thle foureemiionsof bonds issued inaidefteJckonvlle, l'enteacola ted Mehile Raitlroed Companty. TIhe Ring, atee havcingeatyapev'iousseeioncof the Legislattuetteemyted tolee' otHoltndes olaite, neoe heeotght sucit agaitst bite beftee judge Arehibaeld, ef the Feoerth jeudiciael Circueit, te eoust Hellaed, claieming thaet he haed ee title; teed to get possesecion forette State. The validity of these bonde wa eet diseeuosed fly cte supreeot otf the United Sttesi teehe tot hroughtten eby Coeloel Biohee-eho flad been empyloyed he Steareoitou oautherity f laI-and the Rieg thoeght they fled reetsetable hepes theeet uycrc Sueem or would not date to decide egaint 32'ePL A UL 1 FOIA eccet hisoie ucitione Titeiepupilseeould f usehvet seuceumb. Ahtee fieihing the areithemetie lessceetheyeetet fit theetegh the eaeceismet "I he it the 'Pubeiecae Gfleetoreo tee fleece o lrd? Anwr"Goerneo tts" h maede fie teecceect Ans.t 'Ihe ceelored yeople' ''Whe, is Ife)iog to 01efleet out of is seat?"' lee.1 'Tlie D~emeocrts, Cooer, ted somoe wite ted hitch ieral Reyubicant." '' Whthold teoeeopeoeiieteentwhoistyg cc get Goern cor Slterot offiset Ans.-'lThyshouhld kitflhem." Tisetsdteheect te yatrcons, stome oft fleet ceould ced, eteeldi he imprtstetd ibt the exyeessioeseof tei cheidrco, m.didhld e redte oepu anyeoceto death whoe would ctotec otioto the coutrytond toyeoeetiddgainsetioeror S~ten. Inomanyhintantceshisteachieg hadhitseffect uyoneth othtdoof frceeden. Theeeacherserceied feeom tw'eney-ivee to dtity- flve doliers yet moth. 'The wchole yoblie tchool sysctem ec, madeda t~l yterfi teedheec to the coottligehteudefdereseie the toer 1875-6. 'Tfi Stole Supyerinendeet, oie yotsessing unquesdotfiol ebidity reiatece to the dodies of his office, dee ted flit etholecoedery ted dtie to the nefaouscanveass foe the noeietite of Stern to thcitt neoflglect of the educaedoe of the 'as hes Toe eo astre to to the Soyerinendente of sm oe' the hitch belt ted othert cooodocs-oegeoiehtg yolditia cleubs loot ead of schfotls. At the January terom Of cite Suoytee Court of the fleece foe 1376, Steeres ted the Ring receivedaerrdfleflackieyecathe haodc of thee couet. Steerns attemeted to etabihf the etlidiec to'tefehorodllionsoefbonds issued it aid of the Jacksonville, P'enseoia ted Mobile Reilroed Companeey. The Ring, eftee havigataepeoiousesion of the Legislettee aempotyed to floe cout Hollaedes clime, now brought colt egeiost bite before judge Archilefd, of the Fourthi judicial Ciccoic, to fleet Hllted, oleiming thee he fled no cit; ted to gee yosessdon foe fle btate. The vtlidity of these bloodo eas not ditecsed fly cite .Supemee Coort of the Vetted Stes to the suit brcought thee fly Coloel Iliehee-wo bed fleet oemeloyed hy Stcerseitou othority of law-and the Ring thlought dheo fled reastonale hopescthat ourfSoyremel'oteoudnotd(latettdecideeagint ,26 CA coeo'eoI t LE INccc II A aoceytfhieyprononciadion. Tlheyoypilswooid of course hoot to ucotb. Abtet fintideig the ertheicle sion thee' eo ocit et goough the catechitsm. "tWho it the 'Pubician (leor of dee fleece of Flida?" Atnsee oerori~oc Stts " "tho maedeimeGoceroree' Ate ''The ctooed pecoipie.'' ''Whet ies ty to get flut tot of is seat ?" hots- 'Thei Demtocrts, Conoer, aod tonc whihotelad flock Liflerad Rcyulicanst." " Whet soueld the colored pecopie doe with the ene cite istryn to gee Goverortttu ouofhissoat?" Ate.- 'I hey shoufld kiii them.'' This waes dione thaet cte ptonsc, teoee eel wh'om coutild teed, voutld he impesedoe by1 the ctepresitosof tcir itchdeen, andewouldc'eed've toe ty tone to eatoh M-1f0iould cm out itoteoutyadsaceaytiggaitoenoretSten. Inmay instacesethisecing ieoeiitseectupontheeteeiettio freeden. Theseeccheereeied froemt'cntyfvcotodttt flee doliars pere month. 'The wholte ypuhlic school sytemo -e matdeeypoerfufeiooiiety to the coocet'gt heed of Setoets the year 1S875-6. The Sctte Suerietendent, whfile yosesseing eqcleioeehie ability reiatiee to the duties of hit office, deoecd his ethole eteegy ted dom to tde efardouc ocootas foe the noeteiton of Siterns tode te tite eglect of the educedionof the mase.The sae cot toue etc to the Styerioteodeets of toeet 'o thitblch bielt adothcercoooeiec-ogoiiog pofldcitihcub inscctead of schfiools. Ac the January toot of the Supyree Court of the Staeo foe ef376, Steatoc ted the Riog rceioed e teeribile hitch eye et the conde of thee court. Sittearn atempyed to etaeihte telidlicy eithe fourmillonseof bonds isteed it aid of the Jafcsovlle, Petsecoit ted Mobtile Raiiroad Compantey. 'fhe Ring, tee hocieg te ypreviocs seccion of the Legisleate atemteetd tofboy out Holeand's cliie, tote brougitsuittagaiost flut befoe judge Aechibaeld, of the Foteth judiciol Cicuit, to eos Holiand, claimting thee he fled to tite; ted to gee posesseion for the fleece. ''he valiidity of these boods eac not discused fly cite SuemetCoutfte Unitdttesinetest broughtcthenby Coitonel flieee-h fled feten empyioyed fly Stceean wthoute athority of fleet-ted the Rling thought tey fled reeoneble hopeethatteotrSypremet'outouldotd('ate todecide agahnst  ther o)ii tt oalt .'fleoauthor of this tork, at oheeso OfteL~aiof I7 t, atpting the objeot ofotheo igt gtpoeonoof Ih taload sooostooroooompltly oerd theo, ll oftopoleo hod a onsuoltation with CharlesE.Dol editoro t e lt Jtto oustoltheop t ofoslppinooo" u~ into te aniudo-usto t I Stt oitton ti~ tthe, t byul 1,prho dfrn oir to~ki rootoot, 'ill jnitio-tooka itotic aotod ,lpcIthutbigntc by th and ecar a pat o too otototo i 'fdl -lloloot l a olothl ooo, eSaeloootdorn foit(,- c stof olk i hook oloprotootlton r said :-k%\o oldot otht tithe -e o or h a t atohozed to t sttuodi rfato awhcauho /C ho a 0ototo hllu bi t00 oloditgo r to tl t to ltod , ha tooe fot te o o t an ottI lo obligotionst foort milons of odollotrs withot tttr chl corooooolg h oodo." *St.. l.o" o teoehaeo opcaluPeetoedo of tho toople of Flortidat, bto hoirtersn lives, impeacohing tho toenooooo who issIe these b ods, lo o odoing with intent to % iolato tho fontitdon AOf 187, and tite presott fooo Starn, oemploying privoatecounsel and usigo tooanofbotStatof Floridto fteno toe peopjltti ottoo dot, undor the prtettohot tho1 a00 pro0 tecin Ih Stat l ooo f 0in 0i ohligotion wohioh tho State neveoreognizeod. TheCoort, i oooooootiog ontheopoint maodeohyolonlBisboe, teaons'tooot ounsl, thtHolland could nooot ais the point of theounconstittionality of tho bood&, told 'Who 0 llcooo ar 0 ousovereigLodoand Kig, that i-,the preset overoroaod his privteounosel, havtsoenofitttotloiot and allogo that they, it tho namte of tho Stote otnd fot the Stato. a00 teeking tooetabihltal loot on ohis property. Ooe of tho poitstroaitod by fHolland i0 tho Citooit Cot wa hot oho plaintiff had 00 cause of atoion. This point, with otherso, hod booo ooerruled by tho jodge. Tlit Supremeo Court, aftortcitingothooloose of theonstittonoobeforeomentionedde- cidthatothehondsoissued inid ofoheJooko illo, Pensacola their ~ ~ ~ It cosi i oam.Teathor of thistork, tdotesls of toe Le00 aii ofI o,. oficptigthefobjectooftoeRngt te otootottot of tltotraloadtoato oreomp~ltly ovootide theoolloftheoiple ttd onsuoltonowith hlesl E. ttoe oditor tf oileo F1/ tofo a otootho propriety of -ipn ta~ lult . poololtl fromt owningt toothi rooaolrood,.T Th uodtcti ,follow, ' I toe Statesholl toot Itcnl coroiai~i. 'I le preue out, o toenderoing it opfito 00i d ol-t\c oldta tho lotoott to toot autorizedt to 000' 0 fotoot l flo ottoeofotheStatol othosto e lqttie ,n sttteo tto0 tot which~ ottor- hintto tottt ttti oths loo- toodinor 0 e l)ti li thot tho (totiuoro cannot0, pooading orotwiseooindotlhe tatoe tool f-t-' oit hot- p000110 obligotions fot ottlltoot of dollar toothout ooootooyoauohoooty looadig it to to do."...."ohr ehv h tctcl oooooood ofolto pop~le ofhloridao btloo toei otoototot- doing0 thntntt to lotooato tl Cotiotoutoo a ooAt, Ot 870 and doo ooootoicnrSeans idpoyoo' prteounsool and oosing toothenau ofldoooootoof Forida oofoseoonooode Peop~le tisooootoototo dot, unodr tlo pretex otoatotleolarolpro- feelig 0th Statb ooooooitg an oblitltion tohich oho ,ooto ne orreognozed." Tho Court, io tootottooog oil ohe poit maode hy Coloool Bishoo, Steorns' ooioooo counsel, ohot Hollood ould nootoois heopoinotofotooounoontitotonaoitytofthehoodo, said:o WhNo? litoto ottr sovereigLord and bing, that istte prosent Goeoooooro andislpivte ounsoeol, haveoseentitoolitt ond allefe ohotlohey ioothenaoe of the Sooto ood foo toho Sotot. 000 seeokintg to otoll a lieo oti opoo pertyl. Ooe of doe points raised hy Holland inoohooiotoioiooCot was toattho plahntiff hodtoocauoo of aodion. Thio pohnt, toh otoots, hod hoon ovotoolod hy tho jodge. Tho 0S100000 Coot, afttrooitig the claose of ohe otitutoion hofote otoooiootd, do- cided toat tho hoods issuood ho ool of tho Jaonvilletf,Pescl their ~ ~ ~ ~ '10 oosiutoai.Teathor of thisor ath to ess, of to logttLa o o7 to, anoticipating toe object of tho Riong to got 1toootts~tt tft th otosooasotoo ooplokly ovooride tho-,oill oftleol, odaoocontaotooowthartlooF.Dye edlitor Of hol Zoo otto to a to toe pioprltot of slippig aoo-'~ inoteinrdure o the ootatl'otituotnherhotohe Sat ootl 1 poltooolinootowning sto aloads.T h ainrinint0N0k00ood~,,tltdaopted ihoeothbeing ntc hyoltoe an0 beam oo toparto of thdor i00t0000000 Theo an-,otOu -ota follow,: -, I htteo shal00 ol toot leootl att oint oe tot 000 hltooldeo lot ycooal, ouocf saidol-- ll oiothaltothe oto'oo itoot aoutthoizdt 000 0I tttueoo itot ofla toic toloot oto him ototo toon tthisoloo- ceeding to- tot 0up thot cloimto t ttho fotooooo caoo to -y leaodior ottotttttoe binotho tte ott fa-e nt o loot 10001le ohligaoton fot otolltooto of dollars t withot stotuotroy oto~t ooooootdootoitooso to do.... "Sohrweavte spectacle presntedt of he popbOO of Flolooa ItI lo to rpoooooto doinogowih inket to toolooe otoe Cooootooo and At Of 187o, andt to oto-tt fotoo Stearns, empoloyoing rivte 00000000 anoobin olo arco tSaeof Fhloridao to hasoh o 0000 never0rechgnized." The ourtinooninientoo onooheopoit mtado hyfColoool Bisbee, Stoarno' ooivato counsel. that Hollaod ouold 000 raise oho poinot of oho uocoosttutiooolity of the hondo, told :t ' ho 0 lBet ooo 0 osovereign Lotd aod Kitog, that 00, the preontooo(Ioo-ooo aol 1ois privatetcounsl, haveoseoooit oolaoo aod ollego thoat toot, itooho oooo of oho Stot ood fortohe ',lote. arooeeing to estalisho o lieoi othi olooperootb."- lOot of do toonts raised hy Hollaod inooho Cirouot Coort oasotoathho ploooolffhodocauso of actioo. Thot pohot, oih othot,, hoqd hooo overrulod hy tho judfo. Tho Soptooto Court, oftertotiog the cloouse of the Cooooitotion hofore omoooioood, do- cidod toot doo bonds iosouod io old ofotheoJacksovllo, Peosooola  308 CARPETBAG RULE IN FLORIDA. and Mobile Railroad were unconstitutional, and that the plaintiff had no cause of action. Justice Westcott, of the Supreme Court, and Judges Goss and Bryson, of the Circuit Court, all Southern men--Bryson and Goss, Republicans, and Westcott, Democrat-adjudicated this important case. [See 15 Fla. Re- ports, page 455.] Stearns was one of the leading impeachers, and this action on his part is only further evidence of the utter fallacy of the several attempts to impeach Governor Reed. The attempt to saddle the four millions of bonds on the State, by the Governor, who should have used his official power in its interest, was a powerful campaign document placed in the hands of the Democrats in the canvass of this year and added many votes to that party. Stearns, although defeated in this scheme, did not relax his efforts to secure his nomination. The stearns managers had, pending this suit, promised some of the freedmen to make them conductors and baggage masters in the event that it was successful. These men, now seeing no hope of the promises being carried out, were rather left in condition to be captured by the anti-ring Republicans. Stearns, to offset this tendency, now for the first time informed them what he knew about certain lands around Lake Jackson, in Leon county. He had for several years been United States Surveyor-General, and had discovered fractional pieces of Government lands around this lake that had been occupied for a number of years by the white planters whose lands were adjoining. W. U. Saunders, who had been temporarily mustered into the ring, was employed to bring this matter to the attention of the freedmen in the name of Stearns, and while Saunders would make good fees in securing entries for them, he could also be able to raise Stearns in the estimaation of the freedmen, many of whom entered these lands, paying enormous fees to Saunders, and forcibly took pos- sessession of them only to be ousted, which was done by pro- ceedings for forcible entry. Saunders informed them that all the lands and large plantations around Lake Jackson were Gov- ernment land, and if Stearns was elected he would see to it that they would get them all. This was a convincing argument, and many of the freedmen deserted the anti-ring Republicans and went in for Stearns "to get land." 328 CARPETBAG RULE IN FLORIDA. and Mobile Railroad were unconstitutional, and that the plaintiff had no cause of action. Justice Westcott, of the Supreme Court, and Judges Goss and Bryson, of the Circuit Court, all Southern men-Bryson and Goss, Republicans, and Westcott, Democrat-adjudicated this important case. [See 15 Fla. Re- ports, page 455.] Stearns was one of the leading impeachers, and this action on his part is only further evidence of the utter fallacy of the several attempts to impeach Governor Reed. The attempt to saddle the four millions of bonds on the State, by the Governor, who should have used his official power in its interest, was a powerful campaign document placed in the hands of the Democrats in the canvass of this year and added many votes to that party. Stearns, although defeated in this scheme, did not relax his efforts to secure his nomination. The Sbtearns managers had, pending this suit, promised some of the freedmen to make them conductors and baggage masters in the event that it was successful. These men, now seeing no hope of the promises being carried out, were rather left in condition to be captured by the anti-ring Republicans. Stearns, to offset this tendency, now for the first time informed them what he knew about certain lands around Lake Jackson, in Leon county. He had for several years been United States Surveyor-General, and had discovered fractional pieces of Government lands around this lake that had been occupied for a number of years by the white planters whose lands were adjoining. W. U. Saunders, who had been temporarily mustered into the ring, was employed to bring this matter to the attention of the freedmen in the name of Stearns, and while Saunders would make good fees in securing entries for them, he could also be able to raise Stearns in the estimaation of the freedmen, many of whom entered these lands, paying enormous fees to Saunders, and forcibly took pos- sessession of them only to be ousted, which was done by pro- ceedings for forcible entry. Saunders informed them that all the lands and large plantations around Lake Jackson were Gov- ernment land, and if Stearns was elected he would see to it that they would get them all. This was a convincing argument, and many of the freedmen deserted the antiring Republicans and went in for Stearns 'to get land." 328 CARPETBAG RULE IN FLORIDA. and Mobile Railroad were Unconstitutional, and that the plaintiff had no cause of action. Justice Westcott, of the Supreme Court, and Judges Goss and Bryson, of the Circuit Court, all Southern men-Bryson and Goss, Republicans, and Westcott, Democrat-adjudicated this important case. [See 15 Fla. Re- ports, page 455.1 Stearns was one of the leading impeachers, and this action on his part is only further evidence of the utter fallacy of the several attempts to impeach Governor Reed. The attempt to saddle the four millions of bonds on the State, by the Governor, who should have used his official power in its interest, was a powerful campaign document placed in the hands of the Democrats in the canvass of this year and added many votes to that party. Stearns, although defeated in this scheme, did not relax his efforts to secure his nomination. The Stearns managers had, pending this suit, promised some of the freedmen to make them conductors and baggage masters in the event that it was successful. These men, now seeing no hope of the promises being carried out, were rather left in condition to be captured by the anti-ring Republicans. Stearns, to offset this tendency, now for the first time informed them what he knew about certain lands around Lake Jackson, in Leon county. He had for several years been United States Surveyor-General, and had discovered fractional pieces of Government lands around this lake that had been occupied for a number of years by the white planters whose lands were adjoining. W. U. Saunders, who had been temporarily mustered into the ring, was employed to bring this matter to the attention of the freedmen in the name of Stearns, and while Saunders would make good fees in securing entries for them, he could also be able to raise Stearns in the estiomation of the freedmen, many of whom entered these lands, paying enormous fees to Saunders, and forcibly took pos. sessession of them only to be ousted, which was done by pro- ceedings for forcible entry. Saunders informed them that all the lands and large plantations around Lake Jackson were Gov- ernment land, and if Stearns was elected he would see to it that they would get them all. This was a convincing argument, and many of the freedmen deserted the antiring Republicans and went in for Stearns "to get land."  CARPETBAG RULE IN FLORIDA 329 CARPETBAG RULE IN FLORIDA 329 CARPETBAG RULE IN FLORIDA 329 The to-called Ceotral Commtittee of the Republican party caled theestelvet together in the latter poet ef the Spring of 1876 fer the purpote ef Ealling a StatRe conention to nominate a can- didate foe Goernoe aed apptint detegatet to the National Re. puhtican Ctotventitn. The Ring, hnow'ing that a taege majoeit% of the Repuhticant of the State wRB oppoted to theie mROR Stearns, wee at a loss at to where to hotd the CoRvention so at to hetter intitnidate and tetrotiae the delegatetolto should cRNIE 1o tlte convCention against Steaeos, "for theie namte wEat legion." At the suggestiot of Steaeos it seas agreed to hold this cottvention at Maditoo, the honte of the caepet-haggees Eagan aod Mont- gomoery, who were really coptete mtasters of the freedomen, and could makaetsome of thete do anything-at in the case of Mont- gomteey, rho, ittwat eported and generally helieed while he wEas BaO collector of the county hecamne a defaulter foreeral thoutands of dollart and then indue~d somRe of the feeedmen In stfere to the court-htouse and that destroy the tax records. From the issuaneE of the Eall foe the Eonventlion until and due- ing its riotousnsession, whisky was the trongest agument used 10 deorlize the Eolored people, tnith now' and then a litle money throtwn in to heep np the hired loafers who did notehing lbot follotw op twhite Earpet-hag hallot-hoox otulfr and htallno themselves hoarse for Sterens. The school trehers of the type mntioned in this Ehapter, 01 the Ecommand of the preliminaey frattdulent Econty retarning honeds, and all-the county officrs wrere in attendancerat the pecinct meting and County Conven- tiont interfering wnith and ditarhing the proceedintgs in riotous mneinthe interest of Stearns. Through all these outrageos eertions fottr.Sftht of the delegates sent to the convention wtre opposed to the nnonination of Stern, aod thete delegate; Eould not hr hought, although repeated attemnpts were trade to huy enough of thet sOecure lais nomination. Thit failing, nn the part of the Stole Fraodolent Returing Board, oreCenteal Comt- miller, of wehich Mr. E. M. Chenry trot Chairmaun, theough the direct order of Stearne, arogated to themttelves the eight to say wtho weree the legal delegatos to the conention. This Commtittee, a meajurity ofwthote meothers were ondr the the thumh of the Ring, actually tonk the platct of th e conventonand decided the eligihility The s0-called Ceotral Cnmmittee of the Repuhlican party called thetmselves together in the lattee part of the Spring of t876 for the purpose of calling a State ronverntion In nominate a can- didate foe Goernor and uppoint delegates to the National Re- puhlican Coonvention. Thr Ring, hnoteiog that a lare mnajorilt- of the Repuhlicans of the State oas opposed to their tman Stearns, wCere 01 a loss as to tehere to hold the Conventlion so as 10 helter intimidate atnd terrorize the delegates who shoold comte to the conent~ion against Stearns, ''for their name owas legion." At the suggestion of Stearnt it teas agrerd to hold this convenotion at Madison, the hotoe of the carpet-haggers Eagan and Mont- gomry, who were realty complete masters of the freedmeo, and coold mahr soe of them do anything-as in the case of Mont- gomery, who, it teas reported and genraly beliesvrd, wrhile hr wasB tax collector of the county hetcame a defaulter for seeral Bhoosands of dollars and then induced some of the feeedmeo tn set fireto the cut-houseandthus desroyhe taxreods. From the issoance of the rall for the convention until and dur- ing its riotout session, whithy wat the strongest argument used to demoealize the colored people, swith BolE and then a. little money throwen in to beep up the hired loafers who did nothing bat follote op twhite carpet-hag hallot-hoo stulfero and hallnoo themeselees huarte for Stearns. Thr school teachers of the type mentioned in this chapter, at the command of the preliminary fraudulent countyetrtoninghboards, and all-the county officers were in attendance at the precinct meeting and County Conen- tions interfering swith and distubing the proceedings in riotous manrin the intrestI of Stearns. Through oil these oultrageous exertions four-fifths of the delegates sent to the convention were opposed to the nomination of Stearus, and these delegate; coold not he hooght, although repeated attempts were madr to boy enough of them 10 secure htis nomination. 'This failing, on the part of the State Frauodalett Returning Board, or Central Com- mittee, of tehich Me. E. M. Cheneytwas Chairman, throoghethe direct order of Steartts, arrogated to themselves the right to say twho were the legal delegates t0 the convenion. This Committee, a mnajoritynofwhose memherstre onderetherththumhofthe Ring, actuallytIob the place of the convention, ad decided the eligihility The so-called Central Cuommittee of the Repuhlican party called themstelves togethee in the latter purl of the Spring of 1876 for the purpose of calling a State convention to nominateracan- didate for Governor and appoint delegates to the National Re. pahicoan Convention. The Ring, knowsing that a large majority of the Repuhlicans of the Statr out oppoted to their tman Stearns, wcre at a loss as to where to hold the Convention so at to helter intimidute and terroriae the delegates who shoold coNIe to the convenion against Stearns, "for their name wat trgioo." At the saggestion of Stearns it, teas agreed tu hold this convention at Maditon, the home of the carpet-haggers Eagan and Mont- gomerry, who were really comylete masters of the freedmeo, and coald muke sante of themo do anything-as an the cose of Munt- gomery, who, it weas reported and generally believ-ed, wrhile he was tax collector of the county became a defaulter foe seeral thoasands of dollare aod then indoced some tf the freedmen to set fie to the Cour.IoseE and that destroy the too records. From the iosuance of the call for the convention until and dur- ing its riotoas ession, tehiskyteas the strongest argument used to demoralize the colored people, teith noE and then a- litle money throwenin tohkeepup thehirdloafoes teho did nothing hat follow op white carpet-hag hallt-hos tuffrs and halloo themseles hoarse for Stearns. The school teachers of the type mentioned in this chapter, at the command of the preliminary fraudulentcoty retrigoad, and all-the coanty officers wrinattendance at the precinct meeting and County Conven- tions intrfering tenth and disturhing the proceedings in riotous manrin the intrerest of Stearns. Throagh all these outrageous eertions four-fifths of the delegates sent to the contention ere npposed to the nomination of Stearns, aod these delegate; could not hr hought, although repeated attemptt tere made to hay enough of them to secue Itis nomination. This failing, on the part of the State Frudulent Retttroing Booed, or Central Com- mittee, of wehich Mr. E. Mt. Cheney teas Chairman, theough the direct ordrof Stearn, arrogated tothemseles the rightta sayteho tere the legal delegates to the conventiont. Thtis Committee, a mnajoeity ofwthose menmbers were ander the the thatehof the Ring, actally took the place of th e conventionand decided thereligiility  otf thedelegates, adtwithotrgard to dcny tor jutieex ohouded e r delegationo that they hod anoy idea would oppose Stern. Io lact. the colored peopilinthe Black Belt Cute who had sent upy delegations solidly againsot S orsoeeascm comopltelydfrnhiedoasthey weeloofbe eig lowdo vote b vthe Nt sooitonaloerm ;an fte (old eople had kowne theno that t Deotic success in the S tt oldb ho weoesthttls'poed, they wolhav dggd t tow- sitte fotteirhdg plcefor tywere locked upyin oo andhangedthemttothe firt lin ltofteccillc ad then votedtb t Dto ti Sott ticket. Ont of the most otot too t icideit that happenoo, d ct this tob was tlatSteandesirdo findo otowhethe ot o e had muoh money to use in is canvasin cathedlegtewh woeretund otof to onvenotosoul o miate i, against teartns. He didonotttwatnttnomton ifCool had pletytof moneoy, for the reon hat hie wtould ot ea tobuybhimoutof th feldefo tyof election. W, H Le Cain, carettobgge, icrbo thiCtraol Cmut aprofesiotnal It lot-ho s tuffer, ws ett ooe sasy He preended thost lie would votet to let in the logol delegtos if Conover ould gist hito tooerh thotutand dolltrs. ooe had between five and sits hunded doltar itt greenbacks, buot told LeCaijoto combak in the evening %%let lewuloa plentyofoey. Heo-a stayg with a itolthy tzno Madison, nda oo as LeCaideparted lie settot atd hoad this mny exchanged for dollaros aed half dolar tn sib, erot put it into a sot bag. W~hen LeCnttsooood i vnn Conover dew his bag on imad gavehim to udertand thot this weas ahssg of gold, aot the same timte othilitingtseteral gotld- pieces inhishatnd. Hetold LeCaittif heWouldote to yttt itt the logo1 delegtions he coultd have it all, aounotting to fist thoosaod dollots. LeCoio wanted to set 'the pig in the hog." wehih theoastute Conovter refued, but he-osaid :Ytou too gtt it all."' LeCoitt rturtn-ed to Stettns witht te newst of tlescr ity ofoneyoithCoovoe. Sttetrtstwosothetntilling to take the notmisotiont, feelittg cetaist of btittg able to boy Conovter ohf the field btefore thteeletiont. of thetdelegates. todowtotegard to deceoncy tor jostice, to- cloded tevort dlegaton thot tisey Itod oo ideto would oppose Stesarns. to foct, tht colorod people in thet loth Betl iosttie weho hod sentttttt delegtons solidly sogaito Slteoros wertacre omtplttlyditstoanchisedas thy weretltloe bingoalloowedo tote by thte Natioool (Gooveroteot; atod if toe (olotod peoplha od known thtntthat Ittootteotto succesos it the Stote rouold ho to worese thattt itt sproo thtet wottlt taot dragged thaot Cont- toittee fom ttetr hidtng place (for the), wert ltocked 0u0 it oo andkoagedlotes to tohft'limbhoof a tote acccssileltand then voted toleoooeoraticttetiket. Ote of tlte most amousing- incidt thaot happenedo-o di otojo otitttobhoaootttearnso desiredtoinotl twtherboCoso- hadtoochloneooyo tottlt oitiotonastiocas oothelodlegaotes votl teetundout of thetonventttinoutld omiaehma agaisttearnsoo. He didot woatltheoominaotiono iCnv, hod pletoty of mooey, flor tte resotat i-t tou told toot h l to buyhioutoooof toofildobefortldaoftot lechttott It H. LetCincarptbatgge, aootloloteofolttoCentrltoooooooood aoprofessional bollot-hoxotufe, asetoCnvrasapy He preeotded toat he woutld vtote to let ttt te ltegat dole gatons if Conovto woutld givt tiom several thousantod doll-tot Cove hodlbetsweeo fivt ottd six htttdtod dollar to ottreentbtoko, sot told LeCtio tocometotback io theoevenigotto e t lie wtoul a plenty of moneoy. Hoe toat stoyigowthlt-swelthy ctte o Madison,oondoassoonts LeCin depareted lie0sent out atd lod this moneoy exchatnged for doaottol Iholf dollars tit toIt toa loot it intto alshot hog. Wthent LeCoio rturned into eeenn Contovedtew ]tisliog ottttiottod govottitmto ounderstoand that this toot a bog of gold, ot the sameot ime othioitiog stoerol gold- pieces in his hood. liet told LtCoio if ho would voto to toot iso the legol delogations be couold hovt it oll, aountoooisg to fioo thousood dollors. LoCoist oanted to set "the pig ito ote hog.t' twhioh theoattetConovter rfused, loot lt said: ttYout toot got it all.'' LeCoio retorned to bStarn wsith lte newtt of ot er ity of onoey woith Cosnover. Steantaestheooilliog to take the nomtioatioo, feelingocetaintof beinogoalelto hoop Coover ohf the field boefore the election. ofltheodloegteos, todowithtt regord todeoencyorjutice, e- cluded evtry dlegton000 thtt tley tood anoy idea would oppose Stearnos. In fco te cooreod poptle ito too lack Bolt Cocttit. toho hod osent up~ deletionos solodly afinto Steaoos w-ere as (ou comopletely disfranchisoed as theyo te 00 ofoc being alloowed tot vtotte tNtonolfovernoot;aod iftleoo-olorehpopletohad knowne thetn thaot Deotict success it the tteo would ho to wooroethantit tos poted, thety woutllhtvedragged tt Cto-, toittee froot thir hiding place (foe otoey 00000 loctked upo it oom andbhanged theomtto tfir'st looolotaotreeoooo-ioloodolt t oted tto Deocatict otate tit hot. Onetof thte 0000t amuin incident ttoltat 000 nc duiyto tIngoo thisotob otots thttetrns desireodto fnot wetherboCoovoo had muchlonetty tooi i canvaots io a toot e delegate, o weoe turned oto of toe otot-totttt should tol nacl againstbStearns. Hetdidnotowontttheonoo inaoiootooooool 0 had plootyofoeyforltheoo othaot lIe iotod tot heal to boy bitot out of the foeld befoo to lot t f e.( tiott 00 H, Le Ci,catejotbgge,taomeomtetoofolooiloCeotral ooooooooooo a prfessionalttollot-box tffo, toos,0sent tto Conover aspy He pretoended loot lie wtould tvote to lot tit to logal thelegationos if Cono too ould give hitt otevoral thootottod dollars. Cnoe hadlbetwoeeo fiveoand sixhoodrod dolloostit greoot,oks boot told LeCain to come loatk ito the evening, toe t lot toul o ha% cto polenty of money. Hesotstayn oiebioth a wteallthy ctizet Madiso,and asoon sLeCideparted he oentoottaod load thisoney exchangedlfor dlarosadhof dollarsoi sttilter, and utit intto a shot bog. Whleo LeoCat rturtted ontt e evenin Cotoveredreoltis btg otthiottotd gaveltim toudotand that this wsoo o hag of gold0 t thet saome timet otbiltitiog sooeral gold, piecesinshis hand. Heotold LeCainifhewoultdtvte to toot it the legal delegations ho' Could hate it all, aounooting to booe thousaod dollaro. LoCtie waneted to see "the pig io thte bog," tehich thetstteCoovoerrfused, loot he said :You ct) got itoall.'' LeCioereturned to Stearns wittlsetnewsof the scate ity of oney wtith Cottove. Stearnt wtts thee weilling to tabe the nomsioatioo, feeling oertaio of being ohle to boy Coovoer ohi the field boefore theelcin  CARPF'I BAG R ULE IN FLORIDA. 331 CARPETBAG RULE IN' FLORIDA. 331 The freedmenR hod beeo oedered io from the country, ond latgeonumersnfromttheeslems of the diffeenttoun~tiesandoities of thofeoSae armedwithesuch o-eapons asooeroeotinaoble, Rowt pervaded tho Lily under the inffoeoco of hod ohioskey, reeody to fight foe tho dotyot Stooaons, ood thi, so-colled convention must teoefoe go dowoo to posterity osnoothiog lesstehon o ragingmobh, Sieh the (oerooofethofeStooead fouroebersooof hiseCahinet, (foLio, ('OI gill, l-iogoo ood Hiokt, on tho leodets. Oe perton a as shoo noseorl ouoododhbythemet,owich lotted neverol dope, ond wen tho legolly olooted delegotos heoooe folly FoR- vincedethattheou~eellnotbhooer ite Sooeoesonenetioe they organized OR openO air coRLention ood nominated Si. B. Contove,ofLeon ouonoy, foe Governo,oondJosiahA. Lee, of Sumoerouooooty, foo LioeeoofLGoooeroe ondoafoll tet of dole- gates to te~ Noooool Coneventoo. fieoooos, oftere o hoed fight FLOE oith te doltegotes of hen own c-hoieo o-o n ooiooted foe Goooero. Doteid Montgooerey, of Modioo oooty, tootmmi nted fortiueat-oen Thfeooternmoh then elected delegates to tlL Naetionol Conoeoeioo, hot unfortunately foe them teyovery unwieleeluldedetheocolored brothtee fromthelist of delogotes. The Cooer convntiont hooded ens delegatio- oehalf of oheoh 000 colored-ecith eo-Goooero Horresn Reed. J ilis tleooodooasolooenaoneeof the Eoloeed delegoten. Tise delehateoR oosodomitted to seots io the National Coooeotioo, wle the moohdelegotion a entot hack to Flrido in disgroce -thote eo toy, any othot st of hum enigsweould hooeonsitdeed otadingreo, hoe it hod apparetldyoeffect upoo these heotlens ploodeeen The deegotiooto theNaionlConenioo etoroed to the htote, and Cononet, weho hod hoen reooogoioed hy ehot hody on the RepohlicaR Romtinee, heooght weith hiom o letter feom the RepuhlicaR National Commoiteo reecognizing hiom on the tegotor oomiee of the potty and adv-ising flearns to rttrfe feom the field. IR the meaneotime the CongesioRal Dinstriot Convetons hod beeo called-one to meet iR Tollohonsee and the othee in Jacksonville,oandStearenhad hisnmanagersat work io the sv eeol counties hoyiog op te delogotot, in oeder to gee hipineff fnooeed hy teoe hodies os the regofoe nominee of the poety. The feeoden hod heeo ordeoed io from the country, otnd lorgeooumerseefeomtheesloomt of teodifferentocounties ndities of teh State,oarmed withnsuch weaponeasoeeobtinale,Rnow yeevaded the ciey oundee dee Enfluence of hod ohiskey, teody to fighe foe the desyot Steootos, ood thio so-oolled conventioR must thetefoto go dooo to yonterity osoothiog lnneho 0 ragingob, woith teo iooooe of the State ood fooe omeomhers of hit Cobinoet, flotin, Loogill, Eogao aod Hicks, on eheloodoens. O peeton was sotoodnoooooal eoooeddbyethe oo, whichi losteodseeoal dopt. ood weo the logly eloeotd delogoeo becooe folly cn- oiocodebhat eehoyooodhot eheodihetearns oLvenioR tey organized a0 openai oivnto an0000od nomiooted Si. B. Conovert,of Leon onty, forGoveor,oond JoniahA. Leo, of Suooeroeuoooy, foe LiootoDahoLGooerore, aod o fudl st of dele- gatos to the N oeeoool Conveotion. Stearns, ofoer o hoed fight eenwith tho delogates of flee own choico, o-os nominated foe fGoooero. floed Meootgomoory, of Moadieon onty, wa00omi notod foo it tootnt-Goooeroe The Steotrns mob then olected delegaeo to teNaetioalonenteion, botounfotunotelyfoe them tey veyoooooslyoexolodeddtecoloedlboeefroo thetlintof delogotos. T he Loetot er c~oention heoded ins delegotion- on~e half of oheich oa, ooloeod--ithefl on-C OFor Haioten Reed. J. iist eeoodoasolso chosnsoeoe of the coloeed delegoten. Tise delegoation oosadmitted to seats ion the Notionol Convention, ohleo the oob delegotionon a eoet hback to Florido in dingroce-ta e isoteosey, ooy oteretof hmnoeingswoold hooetoosidereoditodiegreoo hoe it hod appartely yno effeot opoo teeo heotlens plundeoers The delegatioR to the National Coooeotioo retuered to the Sitote, ond Conooee, wnho hod heen recognized fly thot blody on the Repohliooo Roomiee, beooght w~ith hiom o leetee from the Repoiaoon Notionaol Committee recogoizing flint ae the eegotoe nomioee of the potty and odoiing Sitootot to retiee from the field. tR the mteantime the CRngressioool Distriot Conventioes hod bleeo oolled-onte to meet io Tofloahonnee oand the nothee in Jaonvtooille, ondSeoeoohod hismanogesnotewoek iR the sv eaconties hoying op the delegoten, io oedee en gee hipeneff iodoesed fly ehene bodies on the regoloe Rominee of the poetno CAP'BGRULE IN'FLORIDA. 331 The frooeemen hod boote ordeed io from the countey, ond largoeenumbere fromth~elums of the diffoeeoooies nodoiies ofetheStae,oarmedwithnsuch weaepoonsa eeobtahinale,now potvodod te Lily ounder the iofloeooo of hod whinskey, teody to fight foe teo doespot Steotons, ond thio no-aollod conenetioR most therefore go don oposerity snothing lesneeaooraging mo, " -ith teo% Lerore of the Stato oand foot omemohrs of his Cohinet, MofLin, L'oogoll, Eagano ood Hiockn, on the leoden. Dee peeton waonshotond seoelWoouododbyetheobl,ewhich lontedsevoetol dopos, ood wen the legally elootod dolegotos hecoote folly coE- ineOdtthattheyLcold not beohoed io thofe Stenon~enetione they orgaoized aoo opon air conveontion ood ominted Si. B. Conoooor,of Lon o ~nty, foeGooeooaod Jonioh A. Lee, of Suooereooooy, forLieooeonem ovoeor, aodoafadl st of deft- goese toe tho Naoool Cnoneton. Steanoto aft o hoed fight 0000 woith tho dologotes of hen own choice, not enomiooted foe Giovnore. Doteid ontegomery, of Modisnounty, las ot 00- inotofifortiuern-oenr ThefStoernsomh then oleoted delogotoeo te Naotnaol Conetioo, hoe unfotunotely foe themo they very unoisely excluded teocoloed boero fromo the fine of delegoto. Tho fonotver onntion hooded its delegotiotn- one hoff of owhich was ctoned-oith en-C ovno Haioren Reed. J. Wili dlenar a aloeelso chonen aoeeof the ooloeed delegote. Thee delogaioR oos admitted to seote io the Natioenol Convoenon owhie te ob delegotioR n sno hoof to Floeido inedingroce-thotiteeo syny otherneofhumoonhbeiogemwold hoveoenideoedooadigreoo hoe it hod opporeentyoeffect uon ehese hoedrtens ploundereen. The delegatioR en the Notionol Conventioneretored to the Seote, oand Cotnovee, wtho hod heen recognioed fly ethot hody on the Repuicano Roominee, herought wnith hem o lettee from the RepoulicoR Notionaol Committeeeogiineg him teso the regolot nominee of the potty ondoadiing Steooenntooeie from the field. IR the mteontime the Congennionot Distriot CoRventiont hod heo called-one to moeet in Tollohonnee ood the othee i Jooftoonoille, ood Stenes~ hod hue managees ot woth in the seo- erlFonties buoying tup the defegoten, inorndee to gee Inipteff ondoted fly ehene bodies on the eegulor nominee of the poty.  332 CARPtETBA UL N LRIA Conover deliv-ered the letter brought by bite froot the National Comttitee to Stearos, who paid no attention to it, as ho wot confident thot oil was well. When the cnotioo of the First Dis- trict waoorgaoized asopposed Conover moo not electedchoaetmon. Itrwan oonoleorned, however, thot Steons hod secored hint by unfair meant. Thit non twat R. H. Denoit, colored, of En- cambhia contty. The skirmoishing had not proceeded far before George Washington Witherspoon, colored-oltom Stearnt had attempted to defraud oat of a neat in the Legislatute in185 nd one of the delegates weho hod been disfranchited at Madi- son-aroserand delared forStearn. Of course everyonehknew wrhat carried George to that tide. Before the note eat pot, the author of thit swoek warned the convenlion that if Steatr wan endorsed he wouldhbedefeoted; neertheless, hr not endorsed by the convention, after wehich W. J. Putman rents nominated for Congress, and the nonvention adjourned. In the Second District John R. Snott, of Duval, won one fi the aspiraon forethe Congessional nomination, and he had a verynstrong followeing. W. H. Sampson, whb aso Scott's per- sonal and politinal friend, adnised him not to acnept the nomi- nation, hot to gine bin rapport to some one weho ewould he friendly to hint, and suggented that hr should tee Colonel Bit- hee, wrhinh Scott dtd. He proposed, if Bisbee would recure to hrimself or his friend the collectorthip of cattoms atJacksnville, he rwould, wrhen the convention met, go in for the Colonel for the Congressionalonomination and advise bin friends to do so alto. Bisbeagreedtorthi. He then tunned to Samapson and desired to bnow what he wranted. Sampson replied that he twanted nothing. Colonel Bishee then taid that in cose he rear nominated and elected, anything be could do for hint would hr donerwith pleasore-asd thusrthehargn reas confirmed. We thall tee farther on in thit chaptre rehether the colored brother nwat "worth a promise" or not. The Distrct Convention met in Jacbtonville. Stearns hoe- ing hero endorsed in the First Ditrict, many of the Republicans having comteto the conclsion the party weas on its last legs, wrent in and endorsed him here also. Gen J.T. Wallsreas an anpiantfor a thirdomaination, butScot, tre to his promnise to 332 CARETBoAG RULtEINFODA Conover delivered the letter brought by hint leant rhe National Committee to Stearns, reho paid no attention to it, as he weas confident that all oas well. When the convention of the Firt Dir- trict was organized asoppsed Conover man wat elected chairman. It teas soon learned, hamever, that Stearer had secured hint by unfair meant. This man rear R. H. Dennit, colored, of Er- eambhia conty. The skirmtishing had not proceeded foe before George Wathington Witherspoon, colored-ehont Stearns hod attempted to defraud ot of a seat in the Legirlature in185 and one of the delegates reho had hero disranchired at Madi- son-arose and dclared for Searns. Of couese every oneknrew wrhatncarried George to that tide. Before the note wot pot, the author of this wrek trned the concrention thot if Stearns rear endorsed hereouldhbedefeaed; onerthseless be eat endorsed by the convention, ohte rehich W. J. Patman - reos nominated foreCongress, and theeaonvention adjourned. In the Second Ditrict John R. Seatt, of Duval, weas one rf the aspirantstforthe Congressional nomination, and he had a veryrstrong flloing. W. H. Sampson, reho rear Scott'n per- sonal and political friend, advisedbhimtnot to accept she nomi- nation, hot to glee his tapport to some one weho reould he friendly to him, and suggested thor hr shoald ore Colonel Bis- bee, wehich Scott did. He proposed, if Bisbe weould recuresto himself or hit friend the collectorship of customstatJacksonille, hr wouald, wrhen the convention meot, go is foe the Colonel for the Congressional nonation and advise his friends to do so also, Bisbee agreed to thin. Hr then tarned to Sarmpson and desired to bnow rehat hr reanted. Sampson replied that he wranted nothing. Colonel Bisbee then said rhot tin case he wear nominated and elected, anything he could do foe hint would hr done reith pleasurer-and that the bargain rear cosfirmed. We shall see farther on in this chapter rehether the colored heather ws "wonth a promise" or not. The Disrict Conention met in Jacsonille. Stearns ha- log hero endorsed in the First District, meany of the Republicans having come totheconlsion the prtry teas on its last legs, weenin and endorredbhim hralso. Gen. J. T. Wallsrwas an aspitant for a tird nomaination, but Scott, tre to his promise to 332 CAREBAGo RULE tIN FL0RIDA. Conoer delivered the letter brought by hint front thre National Committee to Stearns, reho paid no attention to it, as he wsea confident that all n-as reell. When the cosvention of the Fint Dir- trict wasorganized asrpposed Conoernwras eleced hairma. It trot soon learned, howeever, that Stearns had secured him by nnfair means. This man rear R. H. Dennis, colored, of Es- cambia counrty. The skirmeishing had not proceeded for before George Washington Witherspoon, colared-elont Stearns had attemptrd to defraud oar of a seat in tht Legislatre in 185 and one of the delegates wbo had hetn disfranchised at Madi- non-arosrand declaredforStrns. Oflcourseevery oneknew wrhat carried George to that side. Before the care wan pot, the author of this work wraed the convenlion that if Stearnr seas endorsed he weold be defeated; neverthreless. hr rear endorsed by the convention, after wehich W. J. Putman -non nomrinated for Congress, and therconention adjoarned. In the Second District John R. Scott, of Duval, rear one of the aspirants forethe Cngessinloomination, and he trod a verynstrong folloreing. W. H. Sampson, reho woo Scott'r pee. sonal and political friend, advised him notto accept the nomi- nation, hot to lire his support tn sonte one webo would he friendlyto himt,and suggestedthatrhe shouldosee Colonel Bis- bee, wehich Scott did. He proposed, if Bisbee reould secure to himself or his friend the collectorship of customs at Jacksonville, hr would, wehen the conventioo met, go in for the Colonel foe the Congressional nonatioin and advise his friends to do no also. Bisbee agreed to this. He then turned so Sampson and desired to bon rehat he mooted. Sampson replied that hr wnanted nothing. Colontl Bisbee then raid rhot tin case he weas nominated and elected, anything hr could do foe him weould he done tenth pieasure-and thsthehargain rear confirmed. We shall see farther on in this chapter whether the colored brother wot nworth a promise" or not. The District Convention met in Jacksonvill. Stearns bar- ing been endorsed in the First District, many of the Republicans baving cometo thecnclsion the party rear as its last legs, wernt inandrendorsed him herealsm. Gen. J. T. Wallsnwas an aspitant far a third omaination, hot Scott, true so his promise to  CARPETBAG RULE IN FLORIDA. 333 CARPETBAG RULE IN FLORIDA. 333 CARPETBAG RULE IN FLORIDA. 333 Colonel Bishee, thew his influence to his support, asd the Col- onelas nomtinated. The Cotnover State tichet still remtained int the field, and the Deocorats sass nothing ahead hut sucss. The Democeatic State Convention seas oalled to eteet at Quincy. Everything wascut and dried foe the notmination of Gleo. F. Dews, of Madisoo. Sosme of the Demtocrats woere opposed to the nomtination of Dew, foe the reason, as they said, that he had blownn hoth hot aed oold dueing the rebhelliont. This oppo. sitiontwseovercomehbythe peomise of some of Drews's frientds that he wsoold pus ten thoosand dollaes into the St ate oanvass. Dews ws nomninated as aoconsetvative Demoorat, and Nohle A. Hall, of Onge coanty, wsnomoisated foe Liestenant-Goneso- or . H. M. Davidsn wso eomeitnated fot Congress in the Fiest Disteiot, nnd Jesse J. Finley reeoeived that nomtination in thefSeoond Distei. Conoovereheing fianoially emarassed, seas onahie to smahe aocaneass, asd isformed Charles E. Dyke that he seoold hose to swithdeaws from the field onless the Demo- cetsswoold furnish hintsufficientotoney for the epentses of the campaign. Dyhe, remtethering the pross of Drew's friensds,. left Tallahassee is haste ood teens in searoh of the mtilliosnaie. Drees-uslike the self-saorifioisg Sloshau, swilling to gies his fees thousonds foe theeredemtption of his people-wsould not reecognie the peomise,oanderefused toetetain Dykes' proposi- tion togive Cotnovee sufficient mosey to matte hit canvass. Things begao to looh very gloomy foe Cotnoere, and to mislead Steoens aod cosopel hims to toahe some effort to get him to wsith- deaw, he issoed a public oircutlae to his feientds disolosisg his deteemnation toemain is the field unttil the day of election. Thin oieoolae hod the desied effeot. A peivate consultation inns hadhbetween Steaens and Caonee, and anageementeasetered into that, in consideeation of tmelse oe fifteeo hondred dollaes, Ctosoveeeshould withdeaw asd adise his friends to to suppoet Stearns. The money seas paid, asdCnovee ssithdes, hot he did notcaeey oot one very importat part ofthehagain, name- ly, "advise his friends to suppoet Steans." In fact, he cnnld not,mwith any showoof deency, ash his friends In vnte foe Stlcesrs. If the Ring had soffered Conover so he the regular nominee of the paety heseould hose heen elected by a good Colosel Bishee, shes his intfluence so his support, and the Col- snelas nominated. The Conovee Slate tichet still remained in the field, and the Democeats noes nothing ahead hut success. The Democeatic State Conention seas called to meet at Quincy. Eveeythingswas cut and dried for the noomitnation of Geo. F. Dress, nf Madison. Some of the Democrats swere opposed so the nominations of Dew, foe the reason, as they said, that he hod blown both hot and cold dueing the rehellion. Thin oppo- sition wsstoceecomeby theyeomise of some of Dren's frends that he soosld pot ten thouaond dollaes into the Stat e caneass. Dew waos nominated as aoconseevative Democeat, and Nohle A, Holl, of Oeange county, weas nominated foe Lieutenant-Guen- oe. R. H. M. Davidson seas nominated for Congeess in the Fiest Disteict, and Jesse J. Finley eeceioed that nomination in thefSecond Distict. Conover heing financially emarased, seas uable en matte a cannons, and infoemed Chaeles E. Dyke that he seold hone so withdeawo feom the field unless the Demse cratsewold furnish him sufficient money forhe epenses of the campaign. Dyke, rememhering the promises of Dew's friends,. left Tallahassee in haste and ment is search of the millinaie. Dreew-unlike the self-saceificing Slosham, willing so gles his few thousands foe the redemption of his people-wsould not eecognize the promise, anderefused to entertain Dykesproposi- tion to give C onovee sufficient money In matte his cannons. Things hegan tolook oey gloomyforeCnoee, and In mislead fSeaens and compel hin tso tmake some effoet to get him to seith- derse, he issued a pnhlic ciecutlar to his feiends disclosing his deteemination to eemain its the field antil the day of election. This circslae hnd the desired effect, A private consultation wan hadhbetween StearnsoandConover, andan ageementnwas entered into that, in consideeation of twoelne or fifteen hundeed dallars, Conovee sholdswithdraweand adise his friends solto suppoet Siteaens. The moneyseas paid, and Conover withdrese, hot he did notocarrysout onneeyimportant part oftheagain, name- ly, "advise his friendsntonsupport tearns." In fact, he could ot,with any showmof decency, ash his friends In vole for Siteaens. If the Ring had suffered Conovee to he the egulae nominee of the party he wonuld hone heen elected by a good Colonel Bisbee, shet his influence to his suppart, and the Col- onel wcue nominated. The Contover Stats tichet still eemained in the field, ond the Democrats saws nothing ahead hout success The Democratic State Connention eras called to inset at Quincy. Everythingwsocut and died fur the Rumination of Geu. F. Dews, of Madison. Some of the Democrats wesre upponed so she nomination of Dews, for the season, as they said, that he had hlowen hush hot and cold dutring the rebhellion. Thin oppo- siio eas overcomehy the promise of some of Dews's feiettds that he would put tn thousand dallars insto the State canvass. Dews was nominated as a conserv atice Demucrat, and Nohle A. Hall, of Drange county, seas nominated fur Lisotsnant-Guneen- or. R. H. M. Davidson man nominated for Cungeess in the First District, and Jesse J. Finley received that omination in the Second District. Cunoner heing financially emharrassed, seas unahle to matte a canvass, and informed Chasten E. Dyke shut he wousld hone tu withdraw from the field unless the Demo- cratswosuld furnish hi sufficient money furtheuepeses of the campaign. Dyke, rememhering the promises of Drewm's feiends,. left Tallahassee in hose and soert in search of the millionaire. Deew-unlihe the self sacrificing Slosham, milling en glees his fuew thousands fos the redemption of his peuple-weould not recognize theprsoise,oanderefused toentetain Dykes' proposi- tion togivesConvesufficientemoney tomahe his canass. Thingshbeganntoloo erygloumyforConoer, nd to mislead Searns andcopel hiostomake some effot toget himto seith- drawe, he issued a public circuslar to his friends disclosing his determination to remain is the field until the day of electiun. This circular had the desieed effect. A private consultatiun mas hadhetwoefenSearns and Conover, and anagreementmwmsentred in that, in consideration of twelve us fiftesn hundred dollars, Counover shouldswithdraweand adise his friends to to support Sterns. The money seas paid, and Conover writhdrrew, hut he did notscarryuo nenveeyimpurtant partuofthehagain, name- ly, "advise his friends to support Stearns." Is fact, hr could nutm ith any shosof decency, ash his friends In vote foe Stearns. If the Ring had suffered Cunovnr to hr the regular nomineofethe partyhre wuld have heen elected by a good  334 CARPETBAG RUL~EeINeFLORIeA. majortity, bet the Demat twoueld haeeued bth beeaectet ef the Legislatttre. Coec eweuld havesecued eneugh feir- mtinded D ecrats he give bit edeeieitretien e felt tial. tHed Goernor Reed, eic87, restected te ece-fifth oft he ditty, wterk oi wahich Stearee tee geilty, he wtoeld beetve reiinaed eed elected Goernoee. Each petty enew bed their ceaedidetes faidly befoe the pee- pie fee theit inspectiee. The Deemecrtt went ieto the cantess twith caedidetestwhoeeintegrityeend hoesety ceeldotbeea- tacked by the Repeblicace, etcept that Drect'e Uniee tecerd wes secreedyasseiled by Peetete he circcelar tighed 'A Tre Dantecrat." Oa the other heed, the Repeblicens uitneted the seacet ef theie hcdidate fee Goertecr beeing charged teithi seaeckngtheteteaed fleergiee byathegoerenett asaee ai eahic canteibetioe tee helpless maen, woenee end childen, whe had justeecmeegedfreom twe heedred yearse eel aeey,eemacy ef tchomcatceeclcd iceags; theaseceeedmanoeeceireicket, Dacicl Mdontety, peblicly cherged wite ettene; the third tech eta the ticket, WV. J. Peettec, beedened ewith the crimeh ef caeting the slaghter ofl the enncentt victiems ef the Jackten ceetnty traubles; ad the foureth tman onc the ticket, Cel. Heeatio Buckee, having arreeted Detoaeceic tewbete ef the Legislaeeee trutaped ap cheegee, ice toeder te gice the ecrpetbaggersama jeerity, and feechee, with attetapting etragh the ageecy ef Sitecrne ofl attemcpting tee feetan the ileget feat tailieea eef beeede eepan the Stae. The Ceeleenel bed fee several yea been Ueeited Staes Disttict Attoeney, dutieg wchich tietcheat ectsaeecn nitted,eand the Demeecratslcid etem aehis door; adhe did nht aben, net will he ecer ehplaih themta te aetisfactiona of the Saouthen peeeple. Stearns ad bit helpers wen~t foeth tee fill thair appoihttaehts, at planned by the State Cehtral Ceetatittet. They had neet beta in the field leeng befoe they beecme ceeacinced freta the eeetleeek that Staens weeuld he repudiated atethe peelle. When haetetned to Tallakhasee atee filling kin fleet appeihttaent, he calleda taeeting hf bit intimtace ring feiendsaend infaormed theta eef the ouatlotok. At thit tatating it tact decteed by McLin, Ecgnn, atin, Mntgeray, L.G. Dennis, Cheney, cedea nutabareof 334 CAPTARUEIFOI. taajerity, beet the Detmcats woueld hace secured beth bereeches ef the Lagislateete. Coercwoculd beve secued eenoegh fair- minded Detaecrats tee gice hih edamiteis-tratioc a fir trial. Had Goeeerner Reed, ih T872, reoted te e eeftlh ebbhe ditty teeth eel whkick Starens tat guilty, he would baet beeh enoeataied ceec elected Goeenoeee. Eack petty toheebd theircandides iaiely beioec the pee- piefotteiipectiee. Tke Demcate wee tit h av th candidattechoeteieegiyttd hoestyecouldteotebea- tacked by the Republicces, except thee Dleece Ueeion record tasecreetessiled byPeetaa inca circelar signed IATre Deweeceet." Dee the othee heed, the Repeblicans wciteteed the apeceacle eel theit caeedidetce Gceeenorhbicg charged wiete sealcing teeaet teed fleet givcee by the goee me nteee as a chari- tahlachtibueien tee helpless mena, weent eted childree, whoe had justaeergedbeeee twoebetedeed years eef slaeey, eeaney eel whota were clad ih rags; eke seccoed hmth oee tetie ticket, Danicl Mentgoety, peeblicly chaeged eeithearsone: eke third mno eke ticket, WX. J. Pecceat, buedeneed with the crime eef causieg the saueghter of flee innocet cictieas eef eke Jacksone county troucbles; end the feeueeh eanee hke ticket, Cel. Hoteeioe Bitbe, having arested Dtemeceratic memetaee eel the Legielatueon trutapad up cbeeges, in ordder tee gice the ecaepetbaggers ama jeerity, ad furether, wcith attetaptieg etrogh the ageecy of Starnes af attenptiteg tee fatten the illegal feeet tailioee ofi boneds eepoe the Stae. The Ceeleetel bed fee seeal yea beeh Uhited Staes District Atteetney, detieg which tiwe these ctseecm taitted, adthe Detoaectselaid them te cabl doot; tend ha did net then, nor will he tever texplain theta tee the satisfactioe eef the Steetheen people. Steeat end kin helpers ete foeth tee fill theie appeitments, aplannedbyteheStateCentelComtatittee. Theykhadceeothbeen in the field toeg befeete they kecatae coevieced feomtahee otldok that Steeaens weuld be repeediated at tbe pells. When beetutnad to Tellahasnee cat filling kit heast appointtaent, he celleda macflag oef kit itetitate ting frienda and infeemad theta of te nutlook. At thiestaeeting it tat decteed by MeeLin, Eagan, MatinMoentgoerty, L. G. Deceit, Cheaey, cedea numetrnof 334 cAReeecc LEeNe LORDA tajoaity, bet the Detoaeeetewoueld hace secuecd beth beaces ef eke Legilturce. Conoveer woeld bee eecued enouegh fair- tainded Detoatsa te give bit admeieistrtioee a fair ariil. Had Gavetnor Reed, ine1872, resoeted te oee-fifth eftbe ditty wceek eel wehichbStearnstcasgilty,ewoldeeheeeenomeeinaeed teed elected Goereore. Etch pareyeeeechad theicandidaes firly befoeete epee- pta fee thiriespection. The Detaocrats wenet into the canvasce wtith candidatteehe inetegrity teed hoeeesty eeelel nte beeat- tacked by eke Repeblicaeec, except tat Dew's Ucieee tecord teat seacretlytasseiled by Peetae inee circularcsiged 'A Tre Daeocrat." Oa eke oteeer bheed, the Republicans ewitnetsed the spactacle of theirtcadideforaGern beigbcihfaredith stealingtteeaadloeegiey the gcerne t tee hai tabhle ceatibueion tee helplete maen, wenee teed childrene, whoe had juteaegedefrometwoehendred yeers eel slaery, meaney eel whometwereeclad inregs; theeesecdemantnnetheireticket, Daeiel Montgoery, peblicly chaeged withe areeon ; eke ehied mno the icket, W.J. Peeen,kbudeedewith thetciecof caing the saughter ef the innecent eictims ef eke Jackseon coeunty troubkles; ted eke feeeeth tacn ee eke ticket, Coel. Herteio Blicbee, having areeted Deetoceetic marembers eel eke Lcgislatueon terumped ap chaeget, an oreder tee give tlee carpetbaggers a ta- jeerity, and furthea,witheattemptingthrough theeegecyofhaSeean of atemtaping tee faten the illegal feet emilliotee of bonds eepona tke State. The Calanel heed feet several yares beta Ueeited Saes Diattict Attrey, durieg which thme these ectswrecm mittedaddhe Detoaeetsalaid tbheee cat deeer; and he did net thee, nor will he everexaie themta te atsfacictione of the Southere peeple. Staransaend hit hetlters weet foeth tee fill theit eppoitetst, as planned by the State Central Comttee. They hadaottben in the field loeng befoe they becatat ceeneinced from the ouelook theetfltens woteld be repudiated atetha pelie. When e eturnted to Talaassee tat filie5 bisrt ac ppointmnent, ha celleda meeaieg ef hit intitata titeg feieds and infeamed theta of the outleok. At thin tatetiag it wee dtetaed by McLin, Ragan, Martin, Montgoeray, L.DG. Deenie, Cheney, cedea nueratf  CA~rTBA RUL INILORDA. 335 oherldiglights, tlttearn shd ldo e outed io, tohether oercevd sufcentoteto tor toot. Cot. Willioam M. Sandeto, colored, w-n-dosigotod to encurgethe clored ooters,tmny oftohomt teroodonhtful of Steanso' elootion, and toore ready to tuno rto tho oppotitin. The oothoe of thit tooth toot not pretri atthi metin hobt ohtoiood his iotfotnotiono on to the inetof iooooon ood hisntooagersofrooSaudeos nd, judg- igfomhteiotohbseqooot actt,ouchoadortotoantissood. Mny toootoooowere odnto tote ective officeto puthotoaonson aG oveno,oodoatoogtile motnotohleowerotohefollowoing Fis: ohttheoringounoffooices,owhoeodutyitnwastoppoint tho iostporso of electioo, souold apopoino onlo those as Repohii- o noinspectostwhonwouldoomoitoallohefraudhatoposiy oold hoe cooooitoednat ohibalot hot io faoofoSteoaons. Seoont: tIlageoDeooctaticproionctwheeotheotiog iopeotoe noid hoooatchednso oselyothatotheoy couold tot conotit feaodgross onegla honooere tot mitoed, to thnt tho precinot could etho n ot hy the honod of nounty canvassers. Thiedo In Deotoraotic nountieo hot-jog a foil sto of Rotobhin officors, or oa nonjorti of the honed of notooasts, Democraetic precinctser tohoohoto n ot on accounot of theseointogulaities if tho poople wouoidsuooit to itihoooiolnco. Foerth:-tfohehowing- onutot pr(onsrised tootoouohoeociteotet, ohete iteegolaritiet er to ho toot op to tho htnte Rootoing Booed, whilo the aotion of the conty hootrd toot to ho toot oiomediately to F. M. Cheney, chairmon ofothefoaudulnotoeeturoioghbonrdofohe pattyonjatc- sonvtil,wooulood preprethopapestforthe finalont. Fifoh: Inothohlackhbeltcountiostgenoeralepenoingonasto bee- noretothehoteedn,ndif detocted, Steans, the Govnort- enet, woutld protet theom. 'The pino toen to syttematicatty laid thatothoseionadingooed nen toho hod heretofote been luhkewarootowarnd Steans, noon cone to the cntclution that ho totld ho the oext Goveeor in spite of nil oppotitin. There peating partof thegatoe, in Lenocoonty, tonoplncedhby Steans in the hoods of W. U. Soundero, concening tohon toe shntt give nore light herenfter. Thote rese toete laid dowon hy etxperts wnho hod no difficoltp in enfoecing theiestit enfoemtent. Ittoih e noticed that the specoies of fraudocontemplated in this election was CARPTBA 0UL I0000000. 335 ,othet ieading loghts otoat Stoansoshoold he onteod it, tohether ho otceivod stfficoentvotesonot. Col. Williato '.\. Soundeet, coltod,onasdesigonatedo encourooge oho colored votersomn'N nftohnom onto douhohol of hoeano' olecoion, and none ready to ounoN not o the oppnson. The authot of thio toth toot not prn o hismono hot ohoaned hit infontono no to the oittionnonofSeoonsod his omangorstfromohnodotnd, judg- ing fromooheoirhsoobsoouento sschadectoeonotissued. Mono, schemeswereocontrived at thoeeutiveoffice to potSteano on as (lot-ot e no 00000 a onthe ot tnotahle noon tho foltoowing: Fiost:Thattheooingcnoutntoffice,whoe dutyitnwsnooappoint hte inspecoto of election, sounld appoino onlp thote as Repohti- (anonpcttors honwouldcnomitallothe fraudtht posily c-ouldhoecommoittodatohehbllot oifaorofteorn. Secnd: lot lntge Deortoic pooecintst wee otoe tinog inopeotoot' noold heo\inorhedtsoloolo-thatooheoyocold notocomttfoaud, gross itegulatitios otoc to Ito coomitted, so toao tito preoinctould Viethowo ot hptho hotrd of contyocnvase. ThiedotIn Demorati contie ha~ngo foil tot of Rhepoohlioao offioett, or aoonjoityoftheoroefcano-asser, Deootrtticpeioct 0-ete ob oltown ono on noont oftlotoeieglooioioo if the people wonldtolntooitooithotovilnce. Fnouth: Ifthe thrnowing- nootpocesso rainodotooomuheciooement,these ieenleiie neon to hetsent op to tho Sotot Returoing Boned, wohile the aotion of the contoy honod toot to ho toot imomediately to E. M. Cheey, ohirnoof tlhefoandulenooteuning honed ofotho pnrtyat Jack- sonville, wo ouold prepareteopaperstforotheofinalount. Fifh II toho hlach helt coontiot genneral repeaoing non to he re- sonned to hy the freendmenood if detected, Steornt, the Goerenor- elect, notold prooect theo. 'The plnso toeresotyostenticalty tld dhot thoste ediog colored ton toho hod herenofoe heen luheocrontooaed Steann, noonam oootg the oncotunion thnt he woold ho thn next Gooverore in opite of nit oppotition. The no- peating poet of the gamo, in Leon counny, nasoplnoedhby Steamnt in the hando of Wt,. U. Sanodeet, conceening tohonm toe tholl give hoelght heteaftee. 'Thesereseeelniddon hy eoperns who hod no difficulty in enfoecing theiestrictnenforeen. Itnwill he noticed that the species of fenod contemoplated in thin etection nos noonnA ontoN AIII.. 335 noihon lending lights, that Soeans should Ito countod in, tohether hetoeceiv-edtsufficientovotsorno. Colh Willioam M. Sanders, colooed,owasdsignotedoncourageotloocloed vootrsomn of tohon noon donhtfol of Soeans' elecoiton, nd owere ready to oun oo'otooho opposition. Ti e author of thit toth toot not presnt t ths metinhobt ohoainod hit hofootmation no to the ontentonnofStearns and hionoonogeot feon Soundlers:and, judg- inog fromn thoirotushetntoact, suchoadoeooeewasissed. Moot- schemeot noon contrivednot the Executivetoffice to putoteann as ooenne, and aonthe mostnotahlo onto theofollowing Fiet: That the ring countofficers, whoto duty it wa-s to appoint tooe intpectno of election, thouold oppoinoL only thooe ao Repnhli- , nnspectorstnhonwouldncommitallothe fraudthatosstihly ,ooldhb o,-ntnioodnotthoblloh oxin faooStearn. Second: In largeleocraotic procinctstwhereotlering itpecto oulnd heowatchedtsoclselotatthy coldoto mmooitofraud, gott ireuaiiswro ho conomittod, so toat doe penct ootd Ibethrown ot hylonehboard of conty canoottoets. ThirddoIn leoncnoic counties hotvlogoa foil tet of Repuhlion offioeto, nor oomajority of theohoatdof coomtastets, Democratoicjorocinctswee thoot 00 a0cc0000 ofothoseoieglaitis if the people wouoldtsutuooito itowitotcilec. Fourt:of the howing- otpocets-roosodtooomuchoexieteet,thee ireglaiioeswee to he tent lo too the Soate Retuonng Booed, while the notion of ohe countyhbotrdoo hestobesntimmediaooly to E. M. Cheney, chaierman of theofoaudulent returning hoond of the pareyat Jach- toonvie, wolo would pepare doe papeet foe the final cont, Fifh: In the hlnch helo contico geneool repeating non to he e- sored tohby the fteedmntond if detected, Stnent, the Goovernor- elect, n-ould perotect then. The plont toene so systemnaticatty laiddothtthoseoeading coloredonentoho hdheeooeheen tuheoaemotowoed Steanest, non- coomt to the nonolosion that he to-old he the nent Goveenoe in spoite of oil oppotition. The ne- peaotiog poet of the gone, in Leon coonty, noo ptacedhby Steamno in the hands of W0. U. Saundees, conoerning whonm toe ohall give moree light heoeoftee. Thetenoles nee taid don hynexpeerts who hod no difficulhy in enfoecing theieosteictenforemeent. Itnt hle noticed that the species of fraud contoemplated in thitoeention won  336 CARPETBAG RULE IN FLORIDA. of about the same order as those practiced in theelectionof 1870, mentioned in the ninth chapter, when Bloxham ran for Lieutenant- Governor, with the addition of repeating. The Democrats had now commenced the canvass in earnest. Judge R. B. Hilton, Democratic candidate for Presidential elector, and Wilkinson Call, commenced the canvass in the west, and when they had proceeded as far as Leon county the Judge discovered that he needed funds; and as the million- aire Drew had not come up to the promises of his friends, the Judge found it necessary to mortgage sufficient property to B. C. Lewis & Sons to raise six hundred dollars for the purpose of de- fraying his expenses. This done, he proceeded with the can- vass. The theme of his argument was high taxes and carpet-bag misrule, which awakened those Democrats, Northern settlers and honest colored men who had heretofore turned a deaf ear to Democratic arguments. The great orator, Senator Ben Hill, of Georgia, was called over to "Macedonia to help them." Hill addressed a large concourse of both colors in Jefferson County, and if there was any doubt about the solidity of the whites it was dispelled after this speech. He also made many converts among the colored men. The seat of war was in Leon County, where Rev. W. G. Stewart, colored, had, before Conover with- drew, denounced Stearns from the stump in the most severe terms for stealing the freedman's meat and flour. Stewart had lived several years in Quincy, and had learned the whole history of the matter. Bloxham, who had often heard Stewart arraign Stearns for this crime, was always on hand at the Republican meetings to remind the people of what Stewart had said, and gave us so much trouble that we devised a plan to dodge him. We ceased announcing our meetings by posters, and instead sent men around on horseback to give the necessary notice two or three hours before the time of speaking. By this means we got clear of Bloxham at our meetings. At these meetings the people would be instructed not to go out to hear Bloxham, but for our lives we could not keep the black brother away from the silver- tongued orator. We would go to a precinct and get the brother all right for Stearns, and would report that all was well; but when we would hear from that precinct again Bloxham had been 336 CARPETBAG RULE IN FLoRIDA. of about the same order as tho se practiced in the electionof 1870, mentioned in the ninth chapter, when Bloxham ran for Lieutenant- Governor, with the addition of repeating. The Democrats had now commenced the canvass in earnest. Judge R. B. Hilton, Democratic candidate for Presidential elector, and Wilkinson Call, commenced the canvass in the west, and when they had proceeded as far as Leon county the Judge discovered that he needed funds; and as the million. aire Drew had not come up to the promises of his friends, the Judge found it necessary to mortgage sufficient property to B. C. Lewis & Sons to raise six hundred dollars for the Purpose of de- fraying his expenses. This done, he proceeded with the can- vass. The theme of his argument was high taxes and carpet-bag misrule, which awakened those Democrats, Northern settlers and honest colored men who had heretofore turned a deaf ear to Democratic arguments. The great orator, Senator Ben Hill, of Georgia, was called over to "Macedonia to help them." Hill addressed a large concourse of both colors in Jefferson County, and if there was any doubt about the solidity of the whites it was dispelled after this speech. He also made many converts among the colored men. The seat of war was in Leon County, where Rev. W. G. Stewart, colored, had, before Conover with- drew, denounced Stearns from the stump in the most severe terms for stealing the freedman's meat and flour. Stewart had lived several years in Quincy, and had learned the whole history of the matter. Bloxham, who had often heard Stewart arraign Stearns for this crime, was always on hand at the Republican meetings to remind the people of what Stewart had said, and gave us so much trouble that we devised a plan to dodge him. We ceased announcing our meetings by posters, and instead sent men around on horseback to give the necessary notice two or three hours before the time of speaking. By this means we got clear of Bloxham at our meetings. At these meetings the people would be instructed not to go out to hear Bloxham, but for our lives we could not keep the black brother away from the silver. tongued orator. We would go to a precinct and get the brother all right for Stearns, and would report that all was well; but when we-would hear from that precinct again Bloxham had been 336 CARPETBAG RULE IN FLORIDA. of about the same order as those practiced in the electionof1870, mentioned in the ninth chapter, when Bloxham ran for Lieutenant- Governor, with the addition of repeating. The Democrats had now commenced the canvass in earnest. Judge R. B. Hilton, Democratic candidate for Presidential elector, and Wilkinson Call, commenced the canvass in the west, and when they had proceeded as far as Leon county the Judge discovered that he needed funds; and as the million- aire Drew had not come up to the promises of his friends, the Judge found it necessary to mortgage sufficient property to B. C. Lewis & Sons to raise six hundred dollars for the purpose of de- fraying his expenses. This done, he proceeded with the can- vass. The theme of his argument was high taxes and carpet-bag misrule, which awakened those Democrats, Northern settlers and honest colored men who had heretofore turned a deaf ear to Democratic arguments. The great orator, Senator Ben Hill, of Georgia, was called over to "Macedonia to help them." Hill addressed a large concourse of both colors in Jefferson County, and if there was any doubt about the solidity of the whites it was dispelled after this speech. He also made many converts among the colored men. The seat of war was in Leon County, where Rev. W. G. Stewart, colored, had, before Conover with- drew, denounced Stearns from the stump in the most severe terms for stealing the freedman's meat and flour. Stewart had lived several years in Quincy, and had learned the whole history of the matter. Bloxham, who had often heard Stewart arraign Stearns for this crime, was always on hand at the Republican meetings to remind the people of what Stewart had said, and gave us so much trouble that we devised a plan to dodge him. We ceased announcing our meetings by posters, and instead sent men around on horseback to give the necessary notice two or three hours before the time of speaking. By this means we got clear of Bloxham at oUr meetings. At these meetings the people would be instructed not to go out to hear Bloxham, but for our lives we could not keep the black brother away from the silver. tongued orator. We would go to a precinct and get the brother all right for Stearns, and would report that all was well; but when wewould hear from that precinct again Bloxham had been  CARPETBAG RULE IN I LORIDA. 337 CARPETBAG RULE IN FLORIDA. 337 CARPETBAG RULE IN I LORIDA. 337 there and taken hint back. This thing continued until the day of election. At one of the Demnocrtic demoutrations in Tatlahassee, Starns' msanagers, for the purpote of getting United States troops into the State, undertook to create a disturbance. The colored people scort in town in targe numnhers, and of corefearfol of Democratic astendency, were ntnch excited. Bow-es, the Supetintendent of Public Schoolt, instructed the coloeed pcople to intefeetcith the Dentocratic prncessin, and if it had nothbenfoe the intervention of the authoreand W. G. Stew-art peehapt htondeeds of innoocent people wtoutd hone heetn tent to untinmely graces. This wastsowareds the end nf the con- test, andthetaveragetwhitenman had "btood in his eyet." Tn-n ws e orelo ction the colated brothers in every peecinct were notifiedby Saunders, Bow-es, and othereteadersthat,nunless theynvoted asnmany tinescattheyecould on the dayof eton they twouldbeputhback into slavery. This tick had a great dealuofsweight with some of the cooedmencwho, wchite hating Stearns, note aftaid to tcott the Democeats. Tise aothor- of this wokhand W. G. Stewarttadvised the colored peope toeah cast onenvotetforStearns, and ifsuchnvotes would not elect him let him he defeated. One of the most dating acts ot oppessinn doring thin cato- paignnnas the condoct of Stearns in Manatee cnanty. Capt. John F. Deetholf, Repuhlican, Clehk nf Court in this County, resigned the positionn accontofsichness. He sent hisetig- nation im-mediately to the Governoe, and n-ith it the name of a an n-hom herencommended as his nuccessor. Thin w-as in time to host the nleth appointed hefore the time foe the appoint. meteof, inspetrs aed the making nthee necessaey areangemnts foe conducting the election had panted. Stoern teeiced the resignation and the name of the man recommended; hotow n-an the opportunity to silence a wole Dem-oceatic county, for to hane no ctrkhnmade it impossible to hate an etection, and so he abnolutely refused to make any appointment. On the day of election the white citiaens of the county shun-ed themselvs equalto the occasion. They organized in eachpecinct a Board oftInspectors and securedsuch papeennaseeneesesaey, potted the full Democeatic note and sent the eetuens to the State Boaed there and taken hint bach. Thin thing continned until the day of election. At one of the Detmoceatic demonsteatinn in Taltahassee, Stearns' manageet, foe the puepose of getting United Statet teoops into the State, undertooh to create a distuebance. The colored people n-ere is ton-n in lange numhers, and of corefearful of Demooceatic ascendency, weee much escited. Bownen, the Superintendest of Paublic Schooln, enstructed the coloeed people to iterfeewithsthe Democaticpoession, and tini had not keen foe the interention of the authoe and IW. G. Sten-art perhapsthondreds of itnocent People would kane heene tent to ontimtely peaves. This n-at tow-ards the end of the con- Lst, aodtke aveagenwhite man had "blood inhis eyeu." Tn-u n-eehshbefoeelection the cotored hrothers in every precinct n-ere notifiedby Saunders, Bon-es, and othnerleades that,aunlesn theyevoted asn-any tin-esas they could on the day of election they wnould ho pot hack into slavery. This trick had a fret deal of n-eight with some of the colored men n-ho, n-hile hatittg Stearnt, mete afraid to trunt the Democrats. The authoe of this work and W. G. Sten-artadvised the colored people to each cat one voteforStearns, and ifnsuchvotes would not elect him let him he defeated. One of the taunt daeing acts OflOppession doting this cam - paign was the conduct of Stearnn in Maneatee county. Capt. John F. Ilnethoif, Republican, Cloth of Couret in this County, resigned the positionnon account of sickness. Hetsent hiseesig- nation in-mediately to the overnor, and with it the name of an-atn-whomheorecommended as his successoe. This wasti time to have the clek aptpointed hefore the time foe the appoint. ment' oftinspectors and the making othee necessaey arrangenmens foe conducting the electios had passed. Ste aens rece iced she resignation and the name of the n-an recommended; hutncn- n-an the opportunity to silence a wole Democratic county, for to hone no clerkntade it impossihle to have an election, and so he absolutety eefused to mahe any appointment. On the dayuof election the white citizens nf the county shun-ed then-nelvs equal to thenoccasion. They organized ineach precinct aBoard oftInspectoesandnsecaedsuch papees asteenecseney, pulled she futt Democeatic vate and sent the returns to the State Boaed there and tahen hint hach. This thing continuedunsil the day of election. At one of the Den-oceatic demonsteatins in Tallahassee, Stearns' managers, foe the puepose of getting United States troops into the State, undeetook to ceate a distuehance. The coloed people n-ere in town in large nun-hers, and of corefearful of Den-ocratic aucendency, w-eee mach esnited. Don-es, the Superintendent of Public Schools, instructed the colored peopleto intefereowith she Democratic procession, and if it had not keen foe the intercention of the authoe and W. G. Sten-artperhaps hundredsnof innocent people n-ould have hen senttonti-elyeaes. This was ton-ardtsheendof the eon- Lest, and theaveragen-hitenmanhad "lood in his eyes." Tn-n n-eeksbeforeoelection thenoloredhbohes in every pecinct n-eon notified hy Saunders, Bon-es, and other teadeet that, unless they noted as many tin-es as they coold on the day of election theyswoldkbeputkback into slavery. This teick had a great deal of n-eight n-itk san-n of the colored soon n-ho, n-hilt hating Steaens, n-eeeafraidto trust the Deon- rats. The authoreof this wock and W. G. Sten-artadvised the coloeed people toeachecast onenvote forhSearns, andifsuchnvotesn-would not elect him lon him he debeated. One of the n-ott dating acts of oppession doting this cams- paign n-astshe conduct of Stearns in Manatee county. Capt. John F. Beorthotf, Republican, Cloth of Court in this Cunty, resigned the position on accountof sichness. Hdesent hisneesig- nation in-mediately to ke Goveennor, asd with it the name of an-an w-hom- herecommntded as his soecesso. This nan in time to hone the cleth appointed befoe the time foe the appoint. mnt-uf~inspeetoes and the making othee necessaey arrangemnts foe conucting the election had passed. Stoatrns toneived the eesignation andsthe name of Ike n-an recon-mended; but no-m n-as the opportunity to silence a n-hole Democratic county, Put tonhave noelerkonmade is im-possible to have an election, and no he ahsolutely refused so make any appointment. On the day of election the white citizens of the county shun-ed themselves equal so the occasion. They organized in each pecinct a Boned of Inspentoes and secured such pa peos as mere nensesaty, pulled the full Dem-onratic note and sent the eeturns to the Sate Board  338 CARPETBAG RULE IN FLORIDA. of Canvassers. In Leon county, on the day of election, the whites worked industriously among the colored men and secured at least four hundred votes for the Democratic ticket, nine-tenths of whom were not coerced, but cast their votes against Stearns because they were disgusted with his inethods. The colored brothers, now following the instructions given them by Stearns through Saunders, began to vote early and often. From the Georgia line to the capital was a distance of twenty miles, with three or four precincts between those point,. They started early in the morning and voted at every precint on that line of march to the capital, and each time the same man would, vote under an assumed name. It can be fairly esti- mated that at least five hundred votes were secured in Leon county alone by this method. How much of this repeating was done in other parts of the State weshall not attempt to say; but this was a general order to be observed throughout the State, when it could be done without detection. The counties were not then divided into precincts as they are now, and therefore the voter could cast his ballot any where in the county. At one of the Lake Jackson polls, where Stearns had worked op considerable influence through his Government land informa- tion, the handy Superintendent, Joseph Bowes, had camped all night, carrytmg with him a cart load of rifles. He had notified the colored people to meet him out there, which was done. He informed them that Governor Stearns had sent the rifles out there for their protection. On the contrary, the guns were carried out for his protection in case the whites should detect him in his contemplated frauds. Bowes had prepared in the office of the Tallahassee Sentinel, the officiat organ of the Gov- ernor, several hundred tickets with the names of the Republican candidates printed in very small type. The tickets were about an inch and a half long by an inch wide. He opened the polls on the morning of election,before the hour desi gnated,and before the whites arrived and deposited in the box as many of these tickets as he desired. When the whites arrived they felt confi- den that something was wrong, but what it was they could not exactly tell, but at the close of the polls, when the ballot box was opened the secret was revealed. Several hundred of these 338 CARPETBAG ROLE IN FLORIDA. of Canvassers. In Leon county, on the day of election, the whites worked industriously among the colored men and secured at least four hundred votes for the Democratic ticket, nine-tenths of whom were not coerced, but cast their votes against Stearns because they were disgusted with his jnethods. The colored brothers, now following the instructions given them by Stearns through Saunders, began to vote early and often. From the Georgia line to the capita was a distance of twenty miles, withthree or four precincts between those point . They started early in the morning and voted at every precint on that line of march to the capital, and each time the same man would vote under an assumed name. It can be fairly esti- mated that at least five hundred votes were secured in Leon county alone by this method. How much of this repeating was done in other parts of the State we shall not attempt to say; but this was a general order to be observed throughout the State, when it could be done without detection. The counties were not then divided into precincts as they are now, and therefore the voter could cast his ballot any where in the county. At one of the Lake Jackson polls, where Stearns had worked op considerable influence through his Government land informa- tion, the handy Superintendent, Joseph Bowes, had camped all night, carryng with him a cart load of riles. He had notified the colored people to mteet hit out there, which was done. He informed them that Governor Stearns had sent the ries out there for their protection. On the contrary, the guns were carried out for his protection in case the whites should detect him in his contemplated frauds. Bowes had prepared in the office of the Tallahassee Sentinel, the officiat organ of the Gov- ernor, several hundred tickets with the names of the Republican candidates printed in very small type. The tickets were about an inch and a half long by an inch wide. He opened the polls on the morning of election,before the hour desi nated,and before the whites arrived and deposited in the box as many of these tickets as he desired. When the whites arrived they felt confi- den that something was wrong, but what it was they could not exactly tell, but at the close of the polls, when the ballot box was opened the secret was revealed. Several hundred of these 338 CARPETBAG RULE IN FLORIDA. of Canvassers. In Leon county, on the day of election, the whites worked industriously among the colored men and secured at least four hundred votes for the Democratic ticket, nine-tenths of whom were not coerced, but cast their votes against Stearns because they were disgusted with his inethods. The colored brothers, now following the instructions given them by Stearns through Saunders, began to vote early and often. Fromt the Georgia line to the capital was a distance of twenty miles, with three or four precincts between those pointt. They started early in the morning and voted at every precinct on that line of march to the capital, and each time the same man would, vote under an assumed name. It can be fairly esti- mated that at least five hundred votes were secured in Leon county alone by this method. How much of this repeating was done in other parts of the State we shall not attempt to say; but this was a general order to be observed throughout the State, when it could be done without detection. The Counties were not then divided into precincts as they are now, and therefore the voter could cast his ballot any where in the county. At one of the Lake Jackson polls, where Stearns had worked op considerable influence through his Government land informa- tion, the handy Superintendent, Joseph Bowes, had camped all night, carrytg with him a cart load of rifles. He had notified the colored people to meet him out there, which was done. He informed them that Governor Stearns had sent the riles out there for their protection. On the contrary, the guns were carried out for his protection in case the whites should detect him in his contemplated frauds. Bowes had prepared in the office of the Tallahassee Sentinel, the officiai organ of the Gov- ernor, several hundred tickets with the names of the Republican candidates printed in very small type. The tickets were about an inch and a half long by an inch wide. He opened the polls on the morning of election,before the hour desitnated,and before the whites arrived and deposited in the box as many of these tickets as he desired. When the whites arrived they felt confi- den that something was wrong, but what it was they could not exactly tell, but at the close of the polls, when the ballot box was opened the secret was revealed. Several hundred of these  CARPETBAG RULE IN FLORIDA. 339 CARPETBAG RULE IN FLORIDA. 339 I lttle jokers"bounced out and w'ere counted just as though they hod heeo hontestly oted. The wehitet peotested against coutting themo, hot Bowes otnd the hoaottce of the boaed said that tey weree i tho hot and muottbe counted. A taege matjoe- ity toat by thit 00000 toot it foe Steeaens, fromto hit poll, and Biowes wat lionized hy the Goeor and hit maonagers foe Chit heeoic act. Befoee the polls cloted ont the day of election the Steatns maners feettettptthe coy of fraod, and coteneced to send mtessages to differeot parts of the State to teobe good the feauds and irregulaeities commoittedounder the insteuctions, atd toen themt to the injury of the Demooceatic canedidates. Ueited Statet teoopstteeentdowteoinsuoeo foiecount, cosoey followeedhby the "vititing htteseoon." Theee hove been many things said etoughout ite counttryaouot abargain beween the Demoreatst oandRepohicatns, with reference to the htate beieg gien to Dewtt, the Dtemocratic eomtinee foe Goeor, ond to Hayet, the Republicte nom~inee foe Prestidettt. 'the faotesotte these: The Tildett teonageet froto the Noeth, Sellees ottd Biddte, wre stimply caught in the trapthatttStehbd set for theu,. The Steaettt moanogeersooometoed filing affidavits hefoee the Booed of Cottaeoree, ottd Selteet attd Biddle itttitted thot the Democoeotsthhoutd do the sattt. judge Hiltn, N. L. Comphetl ottd Georege P. Raney hecutme ditgusted teith theseknow-als,oand conteneded that thepoerse of the btted eepuetyminioteeial ; hutas tetegetemettteree feomtNewe Yoeb, ond were sent by Tilden, theie judgmentpevailed. Hayes weas moe foetonttot than Tildett, to he hod the Goveeor at bit hoch, at welli as a maojority of the cotteassittg booed. Feont abeoad were Getteeal BaetoR, Wiltiatt E. Chantdlee, Gen. Lew Watloce, Goveettor Noyensottd ttthees, att ttoanagers ott behalf of Hayes. This booed, weaitintg foe affidavits feomt somte of the counties, the eetttens frot Rhich had not been sufficietly dttt- ttred, delayed the eommtnettentt of the canvaass. The Titden tmattagees, nut kowimng webat the Hnyes managees moeant, ap- ptied ttt the judge ttf the Second judicial Cieettit, P. W. White, for a mndoamus commsanding the boned ttt comimence tbe ttan- oats. Pending the cnsideeation of the petitione, the bunedeom- "ltittlejokees"hboounced oot ond wee couneted just os though they hod heeo hottestly toted. The wehites peotested ogoinso counotinggthem,hbotowes ond the holonce of the booed said thot they weee it the hoc ond musthbecoounted. A laege nmajoe- ity weos hy this oeans teot in foe hteaens, fromttChit putt, and B owes waot iiooieed by the Goeror ood his mtanogers foe this heroic oct. Before tile poils cosed on the doy of election the Steatns mtOaaers sentoup the coy of fraod, ond commeetd to settd toetsoget to diffeentt paots of the Stote to maoke good the froudt oodirreguliotiesccottemittedoundee their instructions, and turn chemo to the injuey of the Demeoceotic cattdidates. Untited Statet teoopseesenet down to iosueaofoirceount, closely followeodby the "vieitittg Staeoene." There hove hoot tmony things moid throoghoot thee coutoery aoot o bargain betweeno the Demeoceats ood Repulticane, oith eeferenoce to thte State beittg giten to Droew, the Demeocratic ttominee foe Goeroo, ond to Hayet, the Repuhlicatt noieie foe Prescident. The focts ace these: Tfhe Tiideo ctanogers frooe the North, Seiloets ond Biddto, were simeply cooght it the Coop thot hteorns bud tot foe themt. The Stearns oeooogets commonced Stling affidovits hefore the Booed of Cottoottert, ond Sellers ond Biddle insisted that the Democrotsthoultd do the sme. judge Hiltott, N. L. Camepbell ond George P. Raney becameo disgusted with thesoeoalt,ottd contended that the powtees of the booed eepuelyneinisteeiat; but asthew gentlnmeneeefrom New Yoek, ond toee set by Tilde, teir jodgmuentpevaoiled. Hoyes out mnore fortuntt hon Tilden, at he bad the Governor at his batch, at wellt as a nortity of the caonvasning booed. Froot abrood were Generol BarloR, Williamt E. Chondlee, Gen. Loew Wallace, Goerntor Noyes ond others, ott moonagers on behntf of Hayes. This boaed, wraiting foe affidavits fron sonme of She coutnties, the eetuens feom wehicth hod not boon tufficientty dott- tttred, delnyed the conmmencemtent at the oanvass. The Tilden msanagers, not knoweing wehat the Hopes nmonagees nmeant, ap- plied to the judge of the Second judieial Circuit, P. W. White, foe a mandonus conomanding the booed to commence the can- oass. Pending the ttonsideeation of the petition, the booed com- CAPTBGRUEI FLORItDA. 339 "little jokerst'hoonced out ond were0 counted just ott though they hod been honestly voted. The wehites peotested against counting them, but Boes ond the botance of the booed said that theyeeeinthe boxandomtoe couted. Atlargenmajoe- ity waot icy this tmeanc tent in foe Steaent, feces this putt, and Bowtes woo liconi7ed by the Governoe ond his manRagers foe this heeoic oct. Before tile pollt closed on the day of election the Seaorns mcanagessenttupythe cey of froud, ond ccomened to teod cmessoges to different partc of the State to makhe good the feauds acd irregulioiescommtitted under their insteoctions, and tuen them to the jojcoy of the Demsocrotic candidates. United States truoops esent downoto isuee afai countt, coely folowedhby the "viitinig htatoescen." Thee hove been many things said theoughut Cite country aouto a bargain betwoeen the Demoecrats and Repubican, with refcerence to te State being gicen to Dewe, the Demcretic nomieeo for Governor, and to Hayet, the Republican nomine lot Pesident. The facts ae these: The Tilden tmanagert feomo the Noeth, Sellers and Biddle, tee imply cought in the trapthtSearens hadsetfor themt. The Stearnc manoagerc commenced Siling affidavits hefore the Booed of Cancasteros, and Sellers and Biddle insisted thot the Demeoceatsoshould do the canto. judge Hilton, N. L. Camepbell ond George P. Raney became ditgusted sitb these know-alls, and contended that the pow-ers of the boaed eepurely ministerialt; bot asntesegenttlemoeneee fromNewe Yooh, and weec sent by Tilden, their jadgmntpevailed. Hayes toot ntoee foetunate than Tilden, at he had the Goveenor at his bach, at well as a ntajoeity of the canvassintg booed. Fomn abeoad wteee General Baelows, Williant E. Chandlee, Gen. Lew Wallace, Gocernor Noyes and others, alt ntanagees on behalf of Hayes. Thin booed, mailing foe affidavtis feont sonte of the counties, thoeretuens front which had not boon sufficiently doc- tored, delayed the ecomntcemnntt of she canvass. The Tilden managers, not bowing w-hat the Hayes ntanagers ntean, ap- plied to the judge of the Second judicial Circuit, P. W. White, foe antandantuscommnanding thehord to commnence the cn vons. Pending the consideration of the position, the booed cont-  340 CARPETBLAG RULE IN FLORIDA. menced the canvass, and the proceeditngs under the petitiott tee dincontinued. The board decided that it had powee to heae evi- dence as to the tegality or illegatity of votet cast in a county, and to add touer enclade votes leant the retrtns teat op hy the countyhboardstfcanvasera. Daeing the canvas, which lasted several days, the little hoed of conspiratoes coold be seen at night hoering around Steaent in hit roont at the City Hotel, ee- lating to himt what they intended to do in the henal result. 'rho Dentoceatic law'yees weere wasting tinte and breath oben they undeetooh io argue a point before the too co-called Republican ntenthesofthehboard unless theie arggmnt wuld beep etn tbe fraud inaagueated. justhbeforeethehfialesuolt iteentttht sontething beoke lease antong the conspieatoes, and it nas whit- pered arounsd that oe of themt,Cocvgill,nwas about to cave. Whethee this seas true oe not wee aenot able to soy;l bat the Hun. W. E. Chandler seas ntach encited about sontething, end wanted a thousand dollaes at once, and M. Maetin, carpetbaggee front Gadsdee county, gave hint the ntoney. How ntach ntoe weas eaised wee nevee leaeeed. Shoetly aftee Ibis money wan gieen the excitemntceased. Ineerdeetohkeep down anyex- citement and to contnit Attoeoey-Genrea Coche ta the process of ecluding votes, the conspieators agreed to take ap Clay county, weheee tweenty-nine votes sweee rejected by the Boaed of County Canvassers wehich wneee tact foe Deew, andI sic votes wee rejected that wre cast foe Stearns. These votes wee n added to the respective candidates, the AtmTeney-Genrral voting seith the conspirators foe ther eestoeation. Sonte of the Dento- cratic meanagees thought. this a very imepartial beginnisg, and weejuhilant at the result; hut jndge Hilton, weho cat in the Anten corner of the Dentocratic party, thought it hoded no good foe the float result, and gave thent Lochiel's searning. They nextcante so Maneatee coun ty, and here the real inteution of the conspirators seas meade apparent. Thehboarderejected therwhole vote of this county upon the ground that it appearedinrevidene that there see such irregularities and fraud in the conduct of the election in receiving votes of persons nut registered, and on account of there heing no registratinn, and consequently no legal list of qualified voters, no designation of voting places, and no 340 CAnPETBAG RULE INFR IA menced the canvass, and the proceedings under the petition see discontinued. The hoard decided that it had poser to beer evt dence as so the legality or illegality of votes cast in a county, and no add to or exc lode votes front the retorns seat ap by the county boards of canvassrsa. Daring the canveass, w hich lacted sever at days, the little hand of conspitatoes coutld he seen as night hoering aronnd Stearns in his roont at the City Hotel, ro- tating so hint what they iotended to de in the final result. The Dentocratic lawyers wee seasting tints and hreath when they undertook io argae a point before the tseo so-called Republican meemberesof theboard unless their argumtent would beep on the fraud inaugurated. jest before the final result it teems that sontething brohe Iose antong the conspirators, aed it met ohis- pered around that one of themt,Cowgill,swas about to cave. Whether this was tre or not we are net able to sept bet the Hon. W. E. Chandler seas meuch excited about something, and wasted a thusand dollars at once, and H. Maetin, carpetbagger front Gadsden county, gave hint the money. How mach more seas eaised see nreer learned. Shortly after this money seas giren the excitement ceasrd. In order to beep downaey ex- citentent and no contnit Attorney-General Coche to the process of excluding votes, the conspirators ag reed to tabs sp Clay county, sehere tsenty-nine votes werrerejected by the Board of Conty Canvassers sehich see cast for Drew, and sic votes seseejected thatseserecst forStearns. These votes wr o added to the respective candidates, the Attorney-General voting weith nhe conspirators for their restoration. Sonte of the Demo- erotic meanagers thought, this a very impartial begiening, and seers juhilant at the result; hut judge Hilton, n-he sat io the Amen corner of the Democratic party, thought it boded no good foe the final result, and gave them Lechiel's warning. They nentocamesto Manatee county, and here thereal intention of the conspirators seas made apparent. The heard rejected the sehole voe of this county upon the ground that it appeared inevidence that theres were such irregularities and fraud in the conduct of the election in receiving roses of persons nun registered, and on account of there heing no registration, and cunsequently no legal list of qnalified voters, na designation of voting places, and no 340 CARPETAG RULE tN FLORIDA. mencod the canvass, and the proceedings under the petition see discontinued. The hoard decided that it had poser to hear reti- dene as to the legality us illegality of votes cant in a county, andto addto or exclude votes from the rerns sens ep by the couoty boardsuofcanvassr. During thrcanvass, wehichblasted several days, the little hoed of conspirators could be seen at night hovering around Stearns in his room at the City Hotel, re- lating to him wehat they intended to do io the fooal result. The Democratic lasers mere seastintg time and breath whent they undertooh ia argue a point hefore the tseo so-called Republican membhers of the board unless their argumentswould beep on the fraud inaegurated. just before the final result it seems that something broke lonse among the conspirators, aod it was whis- pered around that one of themCowgilloas about to cave. Whether this seas tre or not see are uot able to cay; hut the Hon. W. E. Chandler seas much ected about something, and mooted a thouand dollars at oce, and M. Martin, carpetbagger frunt Gadsdenocounty, gave him the money. How much more seas rassed we nevr learoed. Shortly aftr this moey seas firmn the excitemntet ceased. In order so beep down any eu. citsment and tu commit Attuory-General Coceeto the process of excluding votes, the consspirators agreed so tahe up Clay county, sehee tweentp-nine votes sere rejected by the Board of County Canvassers which see cast for Dem, and sic votes were rejected that see cast foe fSearos. These votes see nose added no nhe respective candidates, the Attorney-General veting seith the conspirators for their restoration. Some of the Demo. cratic mtanagers thought, this a very impartial beginoiog, and were jubilant at the result; bat judge Hilton, who sat in the Amen corner of the Democratic pasty, thought it hoded no good for the final result, and gave them Lechiel's warning. Thry nest come to Manatee county, and hers the real intention of the conspiratorsseas maderapparent. Thenboard rejected thewhole vote of this county upon the ground that it appeared in evidence that shere see such irrnegularitint and fraud in thn conduct ef the election in receiving votessof persons non registered, and en account of there being no reigistration, andeconsequently no legal list of qualified voters, no designation of voting plaes, and no  CARPTBA RUL INFLORDA. 341 notion of eleetin. Cooke, the Attorney-General, now- began to vote"No." InoHamniltonounoty aDeoratic peinct was deducted fromo the returns upon the geounds of violation of the electon lao and of fraud. Finn votet note dedocted feotm the rettenofHernando couanty Utpon the grouand that they wee iltegally cast. Fioe hundred aod fifty-senenvotes wtee deduced frontthenretoent of Jaon oonotyoupoothe groundoffautd and irregutarity. When Leon conty teat reachetd the Detocreats shooed conclusielty that the battot boo at Lake Jackson pecinct hod been stuffed wnith the "little jokers," and tonoden theotw it oat, but theonstpirators voted No. Tteonvotes, hoeer,twere deduoted upon the ground that they 'tee iltegalty ease. Ferom Jeffersooooounty'snretunstisty-oneovotestwere deduoted opon the grond that they wern fraudutentty east. Seven votes were deduoted froto the Orangecounotyreturnoupon the ground that they snere itlegattyocatt. Fomt the returns of Monreeouonty the note of a whote peoinct wan deduoted opon the gerond of ireguaity andfraud. judge Coor, not to beinoniten, votedtwith theoontpiatoe, exceptoupon the rejection of Man- atee, Monroe, Hatmitton and Jacksonocounties. That it was that nine-tenths of the irregutarities comtmitted wote in Demno- cratic conties, and ere the wnook of officers appointed by Steans foe that vory p iepote, and of tehich hr and his mnanagers raped thehenefit. Anmajority offor hdredand ninety- senon foe Det teat turned into foot hundred and fifty-night foe Stearns. A majority of o inety-oke for Tilden teastuCrned into nineohundred and tenty-eight for Hayes. The honed hating comtpleted ins dishonest worth, adjourned sithout delay. If the Tilden managers had lto thin booed go on and mtake their eon. oats, and hdd then applied en thn Suopremse Coort foe a tnanda- ots to comnpel theme-to 00000 the rettons as tent op by the county boards of canvassers, Tilden wnoutdhave reeived, tehat hetwas reallyrnitled to, therelectoralevote of Florida. The conspirators tee note happy in anticipation of the no- turns of both mastrs, Stearns and Hayes. MoLin, one of the conspirators, and one of the then editors of the Tallahassee Sene, cameooe in along editoriat declaring that one ofthe fined CARPETBAG RULE IN FLORIDA. 341 notion of election. Cooke, the Attorney-General, note began to note "No." Its Hamtilton c000nty a Democratic pecinct wsno deduotedfrom theereturnsaupon theogronds of violation of the eetion law and of fraud. Fine votrs snere deductrd from the retornsuofHernando coonty U~pon the groutnd that they wnee illefally east. Pie hundred and fifty-seven totes snere drduoted fromotheretuorns of Jackson ountoy upon the grond of frond and irreguatiy. When Leon county 0-at reaoobed the Demnoorats shooed conolusivety shot the ballot box at Lake Jackson pecinct bad hers stuoffed snith thr "little jokers,' aod snonrd.to theow it oat, hot the conspirotors toted No. Tweo totes, howeer, tere dedueted upoo the grond that they snore illegally east PFrom Jeffersonecounty'sreturns sioty-onenvotesnwere dedocted upon the groutnd that they tere fraudolently east- Seven totes were deducted fromt the Orange county return upon the ground that they snee illegally east Froms the returns of Monroe ounty the tote of a tehole precinct teat deductrd upon the grond of irregularity andfraod. judge Cooko, not toe inonisten, svnted wnith the conspirtorse, except span the rejection of Maet- atee, Moonroe, Hamnilton and Jachson counties. '[bus it teas that nine-troths of the irregularitirs eommsitted neon in Demno- cratic counties, and teon the snook of officrs appointed by Stearns for that tony pserpose, and of wthich heoand hisnmanagers reaped therbenefit. Anmajorityof fourehundred and ninty- seven foe Drw teas turned into four hundred anld fifty-right foe Stearns. A mnajority of ninety-shee foe Tilden teas turned into ninerhundred and twenty-eight forfHye. The hoard huaving completed its dishonrst snork, adjourned without delay. If the Tilden mnagers had let this hoard go on and mnakr their eon- voss, and hidd then applied to the Supemse Court foe a meanda- mnus to comtpel thems-to 00001 the neturns as tent op by the county boards of canvassesTilden snould hovereceited, tehat he teat really entitled to, the eleetoral voto of Florida. Tbe conspirators snore non happy in anticipation of the no- tarnt of both moasters, Sitearns and Hayes. MoLin, one of the conspirators, and one of the lben editors of the Tallahaster Senfien, oanrout in a tong editorial deelaring that one of the fined CARPTBA RUL INFLORDA. 341 notion of eleotion. Cooke, tho Attoney-General, note began so vote"No." In Hamniltonecounty aDeocati peintwas dedocted frnom the returns utpon the gronds of violation of the election late and of fraud. Fine totes snee deducted from the returns of Hernando conty uon the ground that they snore illegally east. Five hundedt and fifty-seeno tes snee deducted from thnereturns-of Jackson county upon the geound of fraud and irregularity. When Leoo county teas reached the Demoerats shooed conclusieely that the ballot boo at Lube Jackson pecoinct had beon stooged weith the "little jokers,' and noned.tn throw it oat, but theeospiratorsnvoted No. Tweosvotes,hoee, nero deducted uopon the ground that they were illegally east. PFrom Jefferson county'seretutrnssisty-onn otesnwere deduoted upon the grsound that they snere fraudulently east. Sienenevtes weon deduoted groon the Orangeecountyoretuenoupon the gond that they snore illegally eatt. Fot the retunss of Monoe onnty the note of a tehole precinct teat deducted opon the grond of irregulariy and fraud- judge Cookn not tobeinonsiten, votedswith thenoonspiratoes, exceptaupon the rejection of Man- atee, Monroe, Hamilton and Jacksnountie. Thus it teas that nine-tenths of the irregularities ommoitted sn-re in Demon- craticocounties, and tee the snork of officrs apponted by Stearns for that very puirpose, and of whbiceb nd hissmanagers reapedthebenefit, A majorityof fourehndredand ninty- ueven for Dew teas turned into foue hunded and fifty-night for Stearns. A mnajority of ninety-shee for Tilden teas turned into ninenhundrd and twnty-eight for Hayes. The board having completed its dishonett snork, adjourned snithout delay. If the Tilden mnagers bad lot this board go on and mahe their can- oats, and hid then applied to the Supremne Court for a manda- out to compel three-en count the rneturns us tent op by the eounty boards of cannassers, Tilden snould boon reeited, tehat he teat really entitled to, the elecoral tote of Florida. The eonspirators wre note happy in anticipation of the re- totrns of both toasters, Sterns and Hayes. MoLin, one of the conspirators, and one of the then editors of the Tallahastee Setnem, oamnoot inuatlng editorial declaring thatnoneof te fied  342 CARPETBAG RULE IN FLORIDA. things of the times was that Stearns would be the Governor of Florida for the next four years. The visiting statesmen returned to the North and the Flor- ida lawyers now began to set up shop for themselves. R. B Hilton, N. L. Campbell and Geo. P. Raney, on the 13th day of December filed in the Supreme Court a petition for a writ of mandamus, and entered a motion for an alternative writ to be issued according to the prayer of the petition, which asked that the Board of State Canvassers be compelled to reassemble and canvass the returns as sent up by the County Boards of Can- vassers or show cause why they should not do so. The al- ternative writ was issued, and Stearns employed J. P. C. Em- mons, who had been so successful in Gov. Reed's case, to defend his title before the court. The board, in their first an- swer, raised the question of jurisdiction of the court, which answer was afterwards amended showing upon what grounds the votes from the several returns were not counted as sent up. The counsel of Drew demurred to the answer of the respondent. The demurrer was sustained by the court and a peremptory writ was issued, commanding the board to count the votes from the face of the returns. Of course there is no answer to any such writ, but the conspirators undertook to nifle with the court and filed a protest instead of executing its mandate. The court then intimated clearly to the conspirators what they might ex- pect if its mandate was not immediately obeyed. The con- spirators, viewing the iron bars of the prison house in fear and trembling, with weeping eyes returned and made the canvass. The second canvass gave Drew 195 majority over Stearns, and the Hayes electors 214 over Tilden. The board in this canvass threw out the returns from Clay county so as to save the Hayes electors. Cocke, the Attorney-General, submitted a protest to the court against the throwing out of Clay county. The board did not recanvass the vote for Congressmen. Purman had been counted in by 295 majority, and Bisbee by 14r majority. Bis- bee retained his seat but Purman was ousted. As there was nothing before the court but the prayer of the relator to have the vote for Governor canvassed, the court struck from the return to its order all that related to the canvass of votes other than 342 cARPETBAG RULE IN FLoRIDA. things of the times was that Stearns would be the Governor of Florida for the next four years. The visiting statesmen returned to the North and the Flor- ida lawyers now began to set up shop for themselves. R. B. Hilton, N. L. Campbell and Get. P. Raney, on the 13th day of December filed in the Supreme Court a petition for a writ of mandamus, and entered a motion for an alternative writ to be issued according to the prayer of the petition, which asked that the Board of State Canvassers be compelled to reassemble and canvass the returns as sent up by the County Boards of Can- vassers or show cause why they should not do so. The al- ternative writ was issued, and Stearns employed J. P. C. Em- mons, who had been so successful in Gov. Reed's case, to defend his title before the court. The board, in their first an- swer, raised the question of jurisdiction of the court, which answer was afterwards amended showing upon what grounds the votes from the several returns were not counted as sent up. The counsel of Drew demurred to the answer of the respondent. The demurrer was sustained by the court and a peremptory writ was issued, commanding the board to count the votes from the face of the returns. Of course there is no answer to any such writ, but the conspirators undertook to tifle with the court and filed a protest instead of executing its mandate. The court then intimated clearly to the conspirators what they might ex- pect if its mandate was not immediately obeyed. The con- spirators, viewing the iron bars of the prison house in fear and trembling, with weeping eyes returned and made the canvass- The second canvass gave Drew 195 majority over Stearns, and .the Hayes electors 214 over Tilden. The board in this canvass threw out the returns from Clay county so as to save the Hayes electors. Cocke, the Attorney-General, submitted a protest to the court against the throwing out of Clay county. The board did not recanvass the vote for Congressmen. Purman had been counted in by 295 majority, and Bisbee by 141 majority. Bis- bee retained his seat but Purman was ousted. As there was nothing before the court but the prayer of the relator to have the vote for Governor canvassed, the court struck front the return to its order all that related to the canvass of votes other than 342 CARPETBAG RULE IN FLoRIDA. things of the times was that Stearns would be the Governor of Florida for the next four years. The visiting statesmen returned to the North and the Flor- ida lawyers now began to set up shop for themselves. R. . Hilton, N. L. Campbell and Geo. P. Raney, on the 13th day of December filed in the Supreme Court a petition for a writ of mandamus, and entered a motion for an alternative writ to be issued according to the prayer of the petition, which asked that the Board of State Canvassers be compelled to reassemble and canvass the returns as sent up by the County Boards of Can- vassers or show cause why they should not do so. The al- ternative writ was issued, and Stearns employed J. P. C. Em- mons, who had been so successful in Gov. Reed's case, to defend his title before the court. The board, in their first an- swer, raised the question of jurisdiction of the court, which answer was afterwards amended showing upon what grounds the votes from the several returns were not counted as sent up. The counsel of Drew demurred to the answer of the respondent. The demurrer was sustained by the court and a peremptory writ was issued, commanding the board to count the votes from the face of the returns. Of course there is no answer to any such writ, but the conspirators undertook to tifne with the court and filed a protest instead of executing its mandate. The court then intimated clearly to the conspirators what they might ex- pect if its mandate was not immediately obeyed. The con- spirators, viewing the iron bars of the prison house in fear and trembling, with weeping eyes returned and made the canvass. The second canvass gave Drew 195 majority over Stearns, and the Hayes electors 214 over Tilden. The board in this canvass threw out the returns from Clay county so as to save the Hayes electors. Cocke, the Attorney-General, submitted a protest to the court against the throwing out of Clay county. The board did not recanvass the vote for Congressmen. Purman had been counted in by 295 majority, and Bisbee by 141 majority. Bis- bee retained his seat but Parman was ousted. As there was nothing before the court but the prayer of the relator to have the vote for Governor canvassed, the court struck front the return to its order all that related to the canvass of votes other than  CAP1lo tL N FLORIDA. 343 thooo fcc Governor, saying: that heue theorepodets had ecumhered theaoreodsof theocourt with uneessaryttatter, in w'hich the cour ooas ot concerned, they do pay the cost of the pocooeeding. Steans,lookinghback overthoehardlabor of ispluntdeing oftreee, antd seeing that the paching of juotiet, the prtotitution of the public schools, the distfrattchising ot whole couties, tmott coonios lattoed irreegotlarities in electionst, the pubic moneayoOetatded to get pottettiott of railroadst, and the tehole. ,tetuffting oflallotlboteshad aaile~d nothing, stilt wast loath to give 0010 the Gootntatt whett he as actually itt sighot of the proi- 111n. tie calted aonsultationt of ttto Rintg chiefs at the Cit) Itotol attd ieolojed to kttow ftotm thootwhether tey woultd supotrt him st hotutd ha mtaitain that he asa Gooerntor, the decion ofthe SupremetCootto the onotraryonotwithstnd- intg. Witth oneavoice they alltanseroed " ea Tttettedertand- ing was tttatlthe colored people int the suoundoinog ountry shottld ho totified that Stearntt twould ha inaogurted ont the daty ttet apat lby the contitution, and they wtere ntotified acorod- ingly. hottt of tte carpethaggert doohted the propreiety o fdety- ittg a Repuhlicatt Suprete Coort, toot the "Little G;iaet " do- clared if Stearnst did not hold ont to the Glovernent lie weottld kilt hito. thle day hefore Dreew teat to he itnattgurated Steares twtanoystrangge faoces io Tatlahasstee amtong the twhites, and he btegan to grottpaleaedtak tweak. The " Little Giaot "no seeing that Stearttns wat ahottt to yield tty the ghost, wett and fitled himoself with the red beerage of hell antd camte to the hoottlto mutrodehit,atdhewoold haveattemopted to do to, if lieloadnotlobeen locked in a roomo and detainted until he fell asleep. Ittttoetmeantimte thewhitesthadade geateara- tittns toe tte inaoogoeation of Doewe. Early the nett amaoneg DrewtantdStearnsteeeenaomintgaot ofoha e ttgether, oas thottgh they hod been1 holding a lontgonosutttatiot. The twhitet wereeon hoed from Gettrgia attd fromt alt pats at the State int lare nershet, attd the cootfiding freedmntt camne altto to sae tlte inattgooratin of Stearnos. Drettseemstto have mtade it alt eight weithheeeansorSteaeostwith Drewanedhtearns prncueedoa team and deoveeinto theotntayewhile Det tot inaugurated. 0000110Ito 11100 IN FLORIDA. 343 thoto too Gototoo. sayittf: that hecaute the rtespotndents had w'hithothaoetot ttoot conctened, they dotay theaottof the potceeding. "ltartes, lookin~g haok ovee the htrd lahbor ofltit plttndeeieg career, aod seeinog that the taokintg fjteiet, the ioottitatiao at 110 pubhlic schools, tho disfrattchisittf of w~holeconties, mnob convtitonsOtt plotted ireafulaeitiest int alcotioot, the puhlic itootty expeed loto get tosesson of railroads, and the tehole o. aodhbytheoouthorihyof eame. Sec. 3. The Supreoce Cease shahl codss of aCief jsice- ead coo Associate justdces, oho shell held shae offices foe lice, as during good hehavio. They shall he appointed hy she Gocs- ersoreaodconfirmedyystseieae. SEe.q. The msajority of she justdees of she Supremeo Coert shall costsitute a quorumo for she trasactios of all husiness. The liopeme Cases shahl hold three tereos each year, is the Supee Courtaroosst heseateofgoernmen. Sh stems shahl coo- ie cacn he Secod T'esdop of Ocsohee, Jasuary, and Apeil, respeectiely. Sec. 5. The liupeme Court shall hose appellate jsaisdiesicc snall eases io equity, also in allecasesofllaw is ohich is involved she itle so or right of possessios of seal estate as she legalisy of asp tax, ismpost, assessmens, sell, as muasicipal lice, or is which she demaned as she value of she property is controversp assesds 300 dollars, also is all ashes civil eases not iscluded is she gas- eral subdivisiossof lawasd eqitp; alsoaisahlqesdioss of lass elni llciia ases is ohish she offencesechargedasmosst so felosy. The courtshll hae posses so issue orits of man0- 24  386 1rm N damus, certiorari, prohibition, quo warranto, habeas corpus, and also all writs necessary or proper to the complete exercise of its appellate jurisdiction. Each of the Justices shall have the power to issue writs of Aabeas corpus to any part of the State, upon petition by or on behalf of any person held in actual custody, and may make Such writs returnable before himself or the Supremoe Court, or before any Circuit Court in the State,or before any judge of said courts. SEC. 6. The Supreme Court shall appoint a Clerk of the Supreme Court, who shall have his ofice at the Capitol, and tall be Librarian of the of the Suprem Court li oary; he shall hold his ofice until his successor is appointed and qualifed. SEc. 7. There shall be seven Circuit ludgeS appointed by the Governor and conirmed by the Senate, who shall hold their office for eight years. The State thou he divided into seven judicial districts, the limits of which are defed in this Consti- tution, and one judge shall be assigned to each circuit. Such judge shall hold two terms of his court in each county within his circuit, each year, at such times and places as shall be pre- scribed by law. The Chief Justice may, in his discretion, order a temporary exchange ofcircuits by the respective judges, or any judge to hold one or more terms in any other circuit than that to which he is assigned. The judge shall reside in the circuit to whtch he is assigned. SEc. 8. The Circuit Courts in their several Judicial Courts shall have original jurisdiction in all cases of equity; also in al cases at law which involve the title or the right of posession to, or the posession of, or the boundaries of real property; of the legality of any tax, impost, or assessment, toll, or municipal fhe, and in all other cases in which the demand or the value of property in controversy exceeds three hundred dollars, and of the action of forcible entry and unlawful detaoer, and also in all criminal cases amounting to felony. They shall have final appellate jurisdiction in all civil cases arising in the County Court in which the amount of controversy is one hundred dollars and upwards and in all cases of misdemeanor. The Circuit Courts and the Judges thereofshall have power to issue writs of man- damus, injunction, quo warranto, certiorari, and all other writs proper and necessary to the complete exercise of their jurisdic- tion, and also shall have power to issue writs of habeas corpus on petition by or on behalf of any person held in actual custody in their respective circuits. SEC. 9. There shall be a County Court organized in each county. The Governor shall appoint a County Judge for each county, who shall be confirmed by the Senate, and such Judge 386 APPINIX. damus, certiorari, prohibition, guo warranto, dabeas corpus, and also all writs necessary or proper to the complete exercise of its appellate jurisdiction. Each of the Justices shall have the power to issue writs of Aabeas corpus to any part of the State, upon petition by or on behalf of any person held in actual custody, and may make such writs returnable before himself or the Supreme Court, or before any Circuit Court in the State,or before any judge of said courts. SEC. 6. The Supreme Court shall appoint a Clerk of the Supreme Court, who shall have his office at the Capitol, and drall be Librarian of the of the Suprem CourIt irary; hie shall hold his office until his successor is appointed and qualifed. SEc. 7. There shall be seven Circuit Judges appointed by the Governor and confrmed by the Senate, who shall hold their office for eight years. The State shall be divided into seven judicial districts, the limits of which are deinned in this Consti- tution, and one judge shall be assigned to each circuit. Such judge shall hold two terms of his court in each county within his circuit, each year, at such times and places as shall be pre- scribed by law. The Chief Justice may, in his discretion, order a temporary exchange ofcircuits by the respective judges, or any judge to hold one or more terms in any other Circuit than that to which he is assigned. The Judge shall reside in the circuit to whtch he is assigned. SEc. S. The Circuit Courts in their several Judicial Courts shall have original jurisdiction in all cases of equity; also in all cases at law which involve the title or the right of posession to, or the posession of, or the boundaries of real property; of the legality of any tax, impost, or assessment, toll, or municipal foe, and in all other cases in which the demand or the value of property in controversy exceeds three hundred dollars, and of the action of forcible entry and unlawful detaoer, and also in all criminal cases amounting to felony. They shall have fal appellate jurisdiction in all civil cases arising in the County Court in which the amount of controversy is one hundred dollars and upwards and in all cases of misdemeanor. The Circuit Courts and the Judges thereofshall have power to issue writs of man- damus, injunction, quo warranto, certiorari, and all other writs proper and necessary to the complete exercise of their jurisdic- tion, and also shall have power to issue writs of habeas corpus on petition by or on behalf of any person held in actual custody in their respective circuits. SEC. 9. There shall be a County Court organized in each county. The Governor shall appoint a County Judge for each county, who shall be confirmed by the Senate, and such Judge 386 APPENDix. damus, certorari, prohibition, guo oearranto, habeas corpus, and also all writs necessary or proper to the complete exercise of its appellate jurisdiction. Each of the Justices shall have the power to issue writs of habeas corpus to any part of the State, upon petition by or on behalf of any person held in actual custody, and may make such writs returnable before himself or the Supreme Court, or before any Circuit Court in the State,or before any judge of said courts. SEC. 6. The Supreme Court shall appoint a Clerk of the Supreme Court, who shall have his office at the Capiotl, and dhall be Librarian of the of the Supreme Court li0rary; he shall hold his office until his successor is appointed and qualified. SEc. 7. There shall be seven Circuit judges appointed by the Governor and confirmed by the Sece, who shall hold their office for eight years. The State shall be divided into seven judicial districts, the limits of which are defined in this Consti- tution, and one judge shall be assigned to each circuit. Such judge shall hold two terms of his court in each county within his circuit, each year, at such times and places as shall be pre- scribed by law. The Chief Justice may, in his discretion, order a temporary exchange ofcircuits by the respective judges, or any judge to hold one 0 orooe terms in any otherc circoit than that to which he is assigned. The Judge shall reside in the circuit to whtch he is assigned. SEc. 8, The Circuit Courts in their several Judicial Courts shall have original jurisdiction in all cases of equity; also in all cases at law which involve the title or the right of posession to, or the posession of, or the boundaries of real property; of the legality of any tax, impost, or assessment, toll, or municipal fine, and in all other cases in which the demand or the value of property in controversy exceeds three hundred dollars, and of the action of forcible entry and unlawful detaoer, and also in all criminal cases amounting to felony. They shall have final appellate jurisdiction in all civil cases arising in the County Court in which the amount of controversy is one hundred dollars and upwards and in all cases of misdemeanor. The Circuit Courts and the Judges thereof sall have power to issue writs of man- damus, injunction, quo warranto, certiorari, and all other writs proper and necessary to the complete exercise of their jurisdic- tion, and also shall have power to issue writs of habeas corpus on petition by or on behalf of any person held in actual custody in their respective circuits. SEc. 9. There shall be a County Court organized in each county. The Governor shall appoint a County Judge for each county, who shall be confirmed by the Senate, and such Judge  APPENDIX. 387 shall hold his office for four years from the date of his commi- sion, or until his successor is appointed and qualified. SEC. to. The County Court shall be a court ofoyer and ter- mmner,. SEC. i . The County Court shall have jurisdiction of all misdemeanors and all civil cases where the amount in contro- versey does not exceed three hundred dollars; and its jurisdic- tion shall be final in ill civil cases where the amount in contro- versey does not exceed one hundred dollars; but in no case shall the County Court have jurisdiction when the title or bound- aries of real estates in controversey, or where the jurisdiction vil conflict with that of the several Courts of Record; bt they may have coextensive jurisdiction with the Circuit Courts to cases of forcible entry and unlawful detention of real estate, sub- ject to appeal to the Circuit Court. The County Court shall hae fll] surrogate or probate powers, but subject to appeal. Provis- ion shall be made by law for all other powers, duties and responsi- bilities of the Conty Courts and Judges. 'Ihere shall be a reg- ular trial term of the Couoy Courts six times in each year, at such times and places as may be prescribed byi . SEC.. t2. The grand and petit ittors shall he taken from the registered votes of the respective counties. SEc- r3. In all trials, civil and criminal, in the Circuit and County Courts, the evidence shall be reduced to writmg by the clerk of the court or his deputy, tinder control of the court ; and every witness after his examination shall have done, shall be at liberty to correct the evidence he has given, and afterwards shall sign the same; such evidence shall be filed in the office of the clerk, with the papers in the case. SEC. 14. All pleas shall be sworn to either by the parties or their attorneys. SEC. 15. The Governor shall appoint as Many Justices of the Peace as he may deem necessary. Justices of the Peace shall have criminal jurisdiction and civil jurisdiction not to ex- ceed nfty dollars, but this shall not extend to the trial of any- person for misdemeanor or crime. The duties of Justice of the Peace shall be hxed by law. Justices of the Peace shall hold their offices during good behavior, subject to removals by the Governor at his own discretion. SEc. 16. The Legislature may establish courts for municipal purposes only in incorporated towns and cities. All laws for the organization or government of Municipal Courts shall be general in their provisions, and be equally applicable to the Municipal Courts of all incorporated towns and cities. SEC. t7. Any civil cause may be tried before a practicipg attorney as referee upon the application of the parties, and ao APPENDIX. 387 shall hold his office for four years from the date of his commis- sion, or until his successor is appointed and qualihed. SEC. to. The County Court shall be a court ofoyer and ter- miner. SEC. Y1. The County Court shall have jurisdiction of all misdemeanors and all civil cases where the amount in contre- tersey does not exceed three hundred dollars; and its jurisdic- tion shall be fmal in all civil cases where the amount in contro- tersey does not exceed one hundred dollars; but in no case shall the County Court have jurisdiction when the title or bound- aties of real estate is in controversey, or where the jurisdicticon will conflict with that of the several Courts of Record; but they may have coextecnsie jurisdiction with the Circuit Courts m cases of forcible entry and unlawful detention of real estate, sub- jct to appeal to the Circuit Court. The County Court shall have full surrogate or Probate powers, but subject to appeal. Provis- ion shall be made by law for all other powers, duties and responsi- bilities of the County Courts and Judges. There shall be a reg- ular trial term of the Coumy Courts six times in each year, at such times and places as may be prescribed by law. SEC.. 12. The grand and petit jurors shall be taken from the registered votes of the respective counties. SECt3. In all trials, civil and criminal, in the Circuit and County Courts, the evidence sall be reduced to writog by the clerk of the court or his deputy, tinder control of the court; and every witness after his examination shall have done, shall be at liberty to correct the evidence he has given, and afterwards shall sign the same ; such evidence shall be Sled in the office of the clerk, with the papers in the case. SEc. 14. All pleas shall be sworn to either by the parties or their attorneys. SEC. 15. The Governor shall appoint as many Justices of the Peace as he may deem necessary. Justices of the Peace shall have criminal jurisdiction and civil jurisdiction not to ex- ceed fifty dollars, but this shall not extend to the trial of any person for misdemeanor or crime. The duties of Justice of the Peace shall be hxed by law. justices of the Peace shall hold their offices during good behavior, subject to removals by the Governor at his own discretion. SEC. 16. The Legislature may establish courts for municipal purposes only in incorporated towns and cities. All laws for the organization or government of Municipal Courts shall be general in their provisions, and be equally applicable to the Municipal Courts of all incorporated towns and cities. SEC. 17. Any civil cause may be tried before a practicipg attorney as referee upon the application of the parties, and ao APPENDIX. 337 shall hold his office for four years from the date of his commi - sion, or until his successor is appointed and qualified. SEC. to. The County Court shall be a court ofoyer and ter- Mmler. SEC. Ii. The County Court shall have jurisdiction of all misdemeanors and all civil cases where the amount in contro- versey does not exceed three hundred dollars; and its jurisdic- tion shall be final in all civil cases where the amount in contro- cersey does not exceed one hundred dollars; but in no case shall the County Court have jurisdiction when the title or bound- aries of real estates in controversey, or where the jurisdicticn will conflict with that of the several Courts of Record; but they may have coextensive jurisdiction with the Circuit Courts 0 cases of forcible entry and unlawful detention of real estate, sub- ject to appeal to the Circuit Court. The County Court shall hove full surrogate or probate powers, but subject to appeal. Provi- ion shall be made by law for all other powers, duties and responsi- bilities of the County Courts and Judges. There shall be a reg- clar trial term of the County Courts six times in each year, at such times and places as may be presctibed by law. SEC.. 12. The grand and petit jurors shall he taken from the registered votes of the respective counties. SEC. 13. In all trials, civil and criminal, in the Circuit and County Courts, the evidence shall be reduced to writig by the clerk of the court or his deputy, nder control of the court ; and every witness after his examination shall have done, shall be at liberty to correct the evidence he has given, and afterwards shall sign the same; such evidence shall be Sled in the office of the clerk, with the papers in the case. SEC. 14. All pleas shall be sworn to either by the parties or their attorneys. SEC. 75. The Governor shall appoint as many Justices of the Peace as he may deem necessary. Justices of the Peace shall have criminal jurisdiction and civil jurisdiction not to ex- ceed ffty dollars, but this shall not extend to the trial of any person for misdemeanor or crime. The duties of Justice of the Peace shall be hxed by law. justices of the Peace shall hold their offices during good behavior, subject to removals by the Governor at his own discretion. SEC. I6. The Legislature may establish courts for municipal purposes only in incorporated towns and cities. All laws for the organization or government of Municipal Courts shall be general in their provisions, and be equally applicable to the Municipal Courts of all incorporated towns and cities. SEC. 17. Any civil cause may be tried before a practicipg attorney as referee upon the application of the parties, and a  388 APPENGIX. order from the court in whose jurisdiction the case may be author- izing such trial and appointing such referee. Such referee shall keep a complete record of the case, including the evidence taken, and such record shall be filed with the papers in the case in the office of the clerk, subject to an appeal in the manner pre- scribed by law. Sc. 18. No other courts than those herein specified shall be organized in this State. Sec. i9. The overnor by and with the advice of the Senate shall appoint a State attorney in each judicial circuit, whose duties shall be prescribed by Iaw. He shall hold his office for four years fro the date of his commission, and until his successor shall be appointed and qualified. The Governor, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate, shall appoint a Sheriff and Blerk of the Circuit Court, who shall also be Clerk of the County Court and Board of County Commissioners, Re- corder, and ex-offico Auditor of the county, each of whom shall hold his office for four years. Their duties shall be prescribed by law. SEC. 2c. A constable thall be elected by the registered voters in each county for every two hundred (200) registered voters ; but each county shall be entitled to at least two con- stables, and no county shall have more than twelve constables. Theyshall perform such duties under such instructions as shall ie prescribed by law. SEc. 2t. Attoeneys at law, who have been admitted to practice sn any court of record in any State in the Union, or to any United States court, shall be admitted to practice in any ,ourt of this State on producing evidence of having been so ad- teitted. ARTICLE VIII. ADMINISTRATIVE DEPARTMENT. SECTION t. There shall be a cabinet of administrative officers, consistingof a Secretary of State, Attorney General, Comptroller, Treasurer, Surveyor General, and Superintendent of Public Instruction, Adjutant General, and Commissioner of Immigration, who shall assist the Governor in the performance of his duties. SEC 2. The Secretary of State shall keep the records of official acts of the Legislature and executive departments of the governments, and shall, when required, lay the same. and all matters relative thereto, before either branch of the Legislature, and shall be the custodian of the great seal of the State. 388 APPEN(IIX. order from the court in whose jurisdiction the case may be author- izing such trial and appointing such referee. Such referee shall keep a complete record of the case, including the evidence taken, and such record shall be filed wihthe papers in the case in the office of the clerk, subject to an appeal in the manner pre scribed by law. SEc. 18. No other courts than those herein specified shall be organized in this State. Sec. t. The Governor by and with the advice of the Senate shall appoint a State attorney in each judicial circuit, whose duties shall be prescribed by Itaw. He shall hold his office for four years from the date of bits commission, and until his successor shall be appointed and qualified. The Governor, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate, shall appoint a Sheriff and Blerk of the Circuit Court, who shall also be Clerk of the County Court and Board of County Commissioners, Re- corder, and ex-offico Auditor of the county, each of whom shall hold his office for four years. Their duties shall be prescribed by law. SEC. 2c. A constable thall be elected by the registered voters in each county for every two hundred (200) registered voters ; but each county shall be entitled to at least two con- stables, and no county shall have more than twelve constables. They-shall perform such duties under such instructions as shall be prescribed by law. SEC. 21. Attorneys at law, who have been admitted to practice sn any court of record in any State in the Union, or to any United States court, shall be admitted to practice in any ,ourt of this State on producing evidence of having been so ad- mitted. ARTICLE VIII. ADMINISTRATIVE DEPARTMENT. SECTION I. There shall be a cabinet of administrative officers, consistingof a Secretary of State, Attorney General, Comptroller, Treasurer, Surveyor General, and Superintendent of Public Instruction, Adjutant General, and Commissioner of Immigration, who shall assist the Governor in the performance of his duties. SEC 2. The Secretary of State shall keep the records of official acts of the Legislature and executive departments of the governments, and shall, when required, lay the same, and all matters relative thereto, before either branch of the Legislature, and shall be the custodian of the great seal of the State. 388 APPENGIIX. order from the court in whose jurisdiction the case may be author- izing such trial and appointing such releree. Such referee shall keep a complete record of the case, including the evidence taken, and such record shalt be filed with the papers in the case in the office of the clerk, subject to an appeal in the manner pre scribed by law. SEc. 1S. No other courts than those herein specified shall be organized in this State. SEC. 19. The Governor by and with the advice of the Senate shall appoint a State attorney in each judicial circuit, whose duties shall be prescribed by I aw. He shall hold his office for four years from the date of his commission, and until his successor shall be appointed and qualified. The Governor, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate, shall appoint a Sheriff and Blerk of the Circuit Court, who shall also be Clerk of the County Court and Board of County Commissioners, Re- order, and ex-offico Auditor of the county, each of whom shall hold his office for four years. Their duties shall be prescribed by law. SEC. 2o. A constable thall be elected by the registered voters in each county for every two hundred (20e) registered voters ; but each county shall be entitled to at least two con- stables, and no county shall have more than twelve constables. They.shall perform such duties under such instructions as shall be prescribed by law. SEC. 21. Attorneys at law, who have been admitted to practice sn any court of record in any State in the Union, or to any United States court, shall be admitted to practice in any (ourt of this State on producing evidence of having been so ad- mitted. ARTICLE VIIl. ADMINISTRATIVE DEPARTMENT. SEcccoN 1. Theee shall be a cabinet of administrative officers, consistingof a Secretary of State, Attorney General, Comptroller, Treasurer, Surveyor General, and Superintendent of Public Instruction, Adjutant General, and Commissioner of Immigration, who shall assist the Governor in the performance of his duties. SEC 2. The Secretary of State shall keep the records of official acts of the Legislature and executive departments of the governments, and shall, when required, lay the same, and all matters relative thereto, before either branch of the Legislature, and shall be the custodian of the great seal of the State.  APPEDIX.389 Sc.3. The Attorntey Gteel shalliiccthe legal adviser oef the Goerncee and of ech oi the Cebiet etficers, eed thell pee- frsuh ether legel deejes esthde Goernoter eeey dirct,ora matyhbeeroidedhby lee. He shell be cepoer for the Suee Sec 4.The Trceaserhllecie andbkeepylifund, lceede er othercseceeities, ie sutch maeree aece iccc eeroidecd by emw eed shelt dicbuece cc iueds, bonds cr ethee teecuriejec, execeptupcn the erder of the Comeycrellee, cecececcsigeed hy tlce -;vrnrinccmcnereeetshcll be ccecciheqby lcc. Sv. . The dutiesef the jComptroller shll be precciied S8. . Thehetteccer liecccel shall he c the edeehcita- cie ueitiec of all ematter, perceining to the pubic laede, tindersechcregeleteesecihcllice precribedIlwt. SC. 7. The Supcerictenet cf piblic Instrction thell hecce cte edeminiscttice sepervisien ef all meetterc pertaining te public instrctioene; checsuervcisiecfibclliegc deveceed to edecetienal purpoes, eed th-e lbrariet belengineg to the eciversccy ecd the Cecmmoneecheels. Hethclleorgeeizeeenhitcricelbuceaueierthe pecyotet of caccemltingtSch mtter ccc iniccmcticn as tmey heecettecy fee cecmpiling the hiecery of the Scece. He thall aite establith c cehicec cfiticeeeic acd e neteucal preductions. SEC. 8. The Adjecenc Geereel shelt, tinder the cederc ci the Goeeore, haec the edmcicictretice suerveeision of the emilitecy de- pattcantd the cepeevision of the Scece peicoc, ecd of the quaraentinc of the ceect, in tech matee as citel he prescrihed hc lee. SC. 9. The CeemmissionerocIjceeigctticccicallcrgaizea Bueau of Iecmigeatien ice the pucrpotseo ifuriishinginifoemt- tioneandiforche eeeeeragemenetcfcemtgrticc Thecoffceeif Ceommtiscioer of Immctigratien shcfl expie atthecedofliftecen ceect ifrom the retificatictc cf tiscotcttiocc but the Legicic- cueethall hace iceto cc ui t ylw SEcc. cc- FEchoffice fee binehte shall iccckie ul epot ofihiccofficiactsc,cifch rcciptscacd expenditurc of histoffice, ced of the requiremets of the saetoc the tGoceno,tat the hegiciegeifeechcegelarcsessiontcitheLeg l ture, ectwhen- evecctheGcvernoeeshallcreqeire cSchepycts shhlcelid hefoe the Legislacce by the Goeno atecc the hegccnnteg of teach reua eccion thereoi. Eithcer hoece of thc Legisleccuee aya' any timce calluponay cbietficericoreinformtioncceqird by it. APPEDIX.389 S. 3c hcAetorny Gienecai chell he the legal adciser of the Goeecee ted of etch of the Cabinecetoficecs, cnd shcll pcr- ifoem tech ether legal duciet cs the (ioceencr emcy direct, cc as ety beyceoided by lac. Heshallbceeoerefirethe Scypcece SE. . The Teasere shall receice anl kceyel) hecfuds, bonds, or othecreecities, ic tech eaner as ece he prcvided by lee, aed sball ditbcree nc fuedc, bccdc cc etherceeccectiec exceyt upocn the orderciche Compytroller. cttesigeed by tice S8. . TheeccureyortGecccl thall hce the adinistrcc- tivetsuyeccisioncf all ttetc petaeciig to the pubhlic landc, cinder tech regelatietsecs chall ice pceccrihed he ice-. 8Ec . Thlie Suyerincendenc oftecc Pulecictrct chall have cice ademicictratie suervicicn cc all caerec petacicciccg cc peblic incscructione; thce pecciioneoibildiegs deccted cc edecatienal yuryose,eand tehlbrariiscbelongingtoctthecitettitycendthe cmoscbcelc. Hecshaileeogaciceen hiccorical bcreaue fee tcc yurpoes of accueelating scd meceacd icicecectiec cc macy be ececesay ice comtpiling bhe hiscory of tbe Stcte. He chall cite esteblishc c cebinec ef ciejealcs cand othic natra ecpcrodctieonc. SC. 8. Tbe Adjucenc General thallc tinder the ordecs tithe Goentor, havecthetadminitteicecSupercisionoftihemiditry d- patmte,tand thecsperisioe of the Stace yrisen, ted ofi the quacrentinefte icoasct, icc tech emtncner as shall ice trescrihed by lee. 8c. 9, The Comcticcioer of Immeigecticn shall organiea Bureau ofImmceigration firctheypurposesof furishing iieettct cicetcndeoteencourgcent ofieccigrction. Tice oie of t.Ccctcissioer ef Immcigratien chall ecyice atcthced fciftheen teect irem the cetificactio tiscoccstitutiocc cut the tegiti- ccecshefl hace yoer cc coethnue bt by law. SEC. cc. Eacc fficeroithe cainethallmakecacfulepot cf isfficielicts,eiftheeciets andexpenditurescc isoffhce, ced of the requirecments tithe seeme, cc the Goecorect c the begiccieg of each regeice ceccion ei the Legisleature, or whee- ct-cc the Goecece shell require it. Suchreportscshallbe lid beioee the Legislecuce by the GOeecec ac the begicnning of teach regular cessicnecheceof. Eitbcer houecof the Legislturte cmey a, anycte cllcpcc ay cbietfficeitobtinfcrmaieeeqied by it. APPEDIX.389 SEC 3 he Attorney Geccral shall he the legal adchser of the Goernocc acd of etch of the Cebinecetoicers, acd chall pee- iferm tech ocher legal ducies cc the Goernor macy direct, oc as maty bcecoided byelaw. Ilecshcllbeepoerefcethe Suyrecce Court. SECc 4. The Treascrer shal e( e-c ca cd keep all hunds, hccdst tccersecucitiesinchc macnerccmayceheproided hy law, ted chall disbucec cc iucdc, bocds cc tthertsecuitie, exceyt upccn the order of the Ccomytrller, cecterestlyed by cthe Goenriuhmanetrct asbshal be ceccit icy ice. Sv.1.cch dutices tithe iCcmpylere shall Ice prcescribled ic law. Sr. 6.cThe etcorieneraltshllccc etcedititia- fiesprisioncofcllmtters cetiing tctheycubliclacnd, tderch eguletionsctahcshlye pc-ihedhto law. Sec. 7. ThedSuerintenentccoc Pltcic Insctruccto sball baet cthe cdmcinictrative supeccision of all mcacters certaining cc public intrcticnc; thetsyper-isioneoibilding detedctoedctional yuryoset,candcbchbctlibrhrieceoging cc tce uesitey ted tbe commcnccchcol. Hetshallcoganizecanhistcalhbeueforethe purpoes ofeccumuling tech merce ted incioreceioc ac cmay beeneccecay for ceccyilieg the hietory of tbe Stcte. He shall calsoelihacabinetfcieraclsandoer naturalccpydcion. Sc. 8. The Adjutaet Generai chall, tinder be Orderc ciche Goerncr, hae the tdmtinistrttive suereicioc of the mciicay de. ptctect, anddhesupervchion ti the Scace yrison, ted of the quaratntine ti the coate, it etch maners schcll ice yrescribed by lee-. SEc-.9. ThecCommcissionercifcImigrtioncilliogaiea Bueauc of Immcigration ice the pures of furneihiginformacc- tioneandiforche ecoueageent ofiimmigration. The office of Comcmissioer of Imtmigration chall ecyice at the ccd of fiftecen yecrc item the catifictno tci ccstcitution, icuc the Legislc- tureeshall haepeyretoconctiuthbyelaw. SC. cc. Eachcofficeroteecabineefhalcmakecahfullyepor ofihisficitliact,iftheecit ancexpcenditueseofihisoffice, acd of the requirements ti the cameto the Goecoeeat the beginnieg of echbrcgular session ti the Legislccuce, cr wehec- ceethe Gernorshallcrqiei. Sucbreyorsesalbe lid heiore the ILegislature by the Goenore ac the beginncing of ech regulareccciec thceceoi. thec hccse Of cthe Legislature mcey a, anyytime calcuponaty cainetcfficefinformtion rqied be it.  3190APEDX ARTICLE IX. SEC IeON r. It it the paremun tduty of the Store to make ample provtisiono for the educationo of all the childenroesridinog wtithint its borders, writhout distinctionso prefeenee. SC. a. The Legitlature tholl peovide a nform systemr of c mo choolt and a uniceersity, and thall peotide for the liberal tmaiotenance of the samte. loserutions io theom shall be free. SC. 3. lheee tholl be a Soperinttendent of Poblic Instr- tin hs emof office thall be fooe yeors, ood until the oppoiotent aod qalificatiott of hi ucesr He tholl tare geealspervtision of the educational interests of the Stote. Hit dotiet sholl he preeribed hy lam. SEC.4. The comonocrhoolfond, the ioterest ofowich tholl he exclotively opploed to the toppoet aod omainrenance of comoooochooloard pecase ofoiate lireieodpparotos teefor, tholl be deejved feoto the followinrgsucs The peoceedo of oil laeds that hate beeo oermay heeftre he geanted to the State by the Uoited Seater foe edocational putposes. Donatioos by inadividoals foreeducational puroepes. Appeopeiations by the State. The proceeds of laeds ore other property ohich may accrue to the State by escheat to foreitu e. The proceeds of all propety gated to thehtate, oheto the poepore of roch feateboll not he specified. All oneys wohic~h mtay he paid or at exeomption feoot miliiry dory. ASl fioes collecedooidethe penallawsofrhisState. Suchpoertiontof the pee capita tax at toay he prescribed by fats foe edacationoal poeposes. Twenetrybfie per eotof a the talet of poblic lords wehich are now or heretee may he ownoed hy the State. SEC. 5.Aspeciaftaxofotlessthan n ml o h dollar of all tarable property is the State, it additiono to the otthetoeans provided, shall beleiedotnd appotiooed anuolly foretheroupport and mainteoanceof comonsochools. SaC. S. The peiocipoal of the cotmmoo school food shall remtainasacredand iniolate. SC. 7. Perisione shall he moade hp law foe the disrihetion of theromtttooschool food amontg the reveeat couotiesrofthe State it peoportiono to the noombee of children residiog therein hetweeo the alto of foot ond tenety-onet yeats. Soc. S. Each counoty sholl be required to rafiro asenually by tax, for thersupportrof commron schools thron, a sumoot less than oat-half the ameouont apportioaed to each ouoty fat that yearofromotherincoome oftheeomonschool food. Anyrschool district oeglectiog to estabsh aod omaintain foe at least thee 3190APEDX ARTICLE IX. SECIcIONo 1. It istheparamountrduty of te State er ak aple provoisione foe the edocotiono of aSl tbe childreeoreriding wsithio its horders, weirhoot distioction ott preference. SaC, a. The Legislature shalt peovide a onifort syrtemr of comnschools and a onicversity, and rhall preovide for the libral mtaintenance of the sare. Inorucion ire thero shall be free. Sc. 3. Thre shall be a Soperiorendent of Poblic Iosruc- tion,twhose oterm of office shahl be foot yearo, artS oreSl tihe oppoiotmtent asS qoalification of his suoccessro. He shall hoce gn ralspervision of the educational onterets of the Store. His dottier shall be peesceibed by late. SEC. 4. Thecommronrchoolihund, thetinteres ofotwhich shall be exclusively applied to thersuppotandotairlteoooceof comonoschoosand purchase of suitabletlbrariesoand apparZru therefore, shall be detived fromt the followtiog soureces: The proceedsrofo foolads that hoot beeoay heeafter be granted to the State by the United States foe edacationaol pueporer. Dontoaionsr hy individuals forteducationoal purposeo. Appeoptiaionsr by the State. The proceeds of landsor athe peopertyowhich may accruetro the Statey eseaoforfiture. The proceeds of all peoperey granted ro the Store, whent the parpose of such geant sholl ot he specified. ASl moneys wohich otay he paid at at esxeptiona hoot militry dory. ASl Sorts collected conder the penaol lowt a1 thisrState. Such portionoof the Pei copeea too 00 mtay be preerihed hy fats foreoduceatiocal pueposrer. Twtenty-fie per ceotre of the sales otf pubhic foods wehich ate tote or hereahter reap he oared bp the State. SEc.5. A spcialttaxofot lssthanone millonthe dollar of off rarahie peopeerty an the Stare, in additiotoro the other meanspeovsided, shahl he leviedandppotionedoannually foretheroupport and maitocc of commteonoschools. SEC. 6. The peitcipal of rho commtaon ochool food shall remoainsaraedandhiniolate. SC. 7. Peovisionsrhall he meade hy fats foe the distrihutioa of the comonot school hfund amtong the seeralcounties ofrthe State in proportiotoro the numer of children tesiding thron betwoeenethe agesof fouradtenyonepeas. SEC. S. Each coutoyshallhberequiredtoeraise annuadlyby tax, forotespport ofeomono rchoolr thereisumreot less than oar-half the amounot appoeriooal to each county for that yearofroatthe incomeoof theoonchool food. Anyyschool disrtict neglectiag to establish and meaintain toe or least three 390APEDX ARTICLE IX. SEC IrOroI. It irhe paamtoontdty of the Soate ro maoke ameple peoveision foe rho educotior of ohl rte cldoen residhog within its boedeer, thouot distincoion or peefreroee. SC. a. The Legislature shall provide a unoiformt systemr of coon schools and a uniceerhiy, aed shahl proveide foe riot liheral mtaintrenance of the same. Itruotionoinothemshafllhe free. Sec 3. 'Thre shall he a Supetioteodet of Publie Itruc- riot, ewhose terme of office shahl he foot years, and eant thre oppotintmenr aed qualificaiono of his rotccerror. He tholl hace geeral soperisiont of the eductontal itereosts of the Staoe. His dottier shall he peescribed by loot. SEC. 4. TheComonetschotffotd, thetrest otfowhich shahl hr eslosivtely applied to trherouppotandreintenance of romonscototsand poechose of soitable libearieroand apparoau thetefot, tholl be detived brore the foliloweing sources: Thet proceedsrof oil bonde that hoot beenaormayeeafter he grated ro the Store by rho United Storer foe educational purporer. Dontaiosry individualsrfor eductioal purposes. Appropriationsr by the State. The peoceeds of lanso ore other property which meayaccreo trbhe aebyeshatofofeitroe. The proceeds of aSl property granted to the Stare, when the purposreofrotchbgrantrshal otbepeciied. Ahloneotyrrwhichr tray he paid as 00 exereption h-ore reilitry dory. All Senes collected otnder the petal loots of thirhState. Such potiooof the Pei capita rt or reap he prerihed hy loot foe edutionaol Porporer. Tosty-heve pee eotm of the solos of puhlic foods wohich are soot or heeaftre reay he ownoed by the Stare. SEc.5. Arspecialitaxofotlerssthaoo emlntl dotltat of alt rtable peoperty in the Stare, in addiiotoro the oteermeanspovided, shahl ho lesied andapportionedannuallp forthe suppoertandeainenaeofeomonchoolsr. SaC. S. The priecipal of the cotreron reboot food shall ereainared andinvoiolate. SC. 7. Peoviiono shall he reade by lots for the disritione of the commorn school hoed areong the reerat cootiesrofehe Starr its propotiono to the numoree of childre erresiding thereto boeroee the ages of foot and ttsent-onoe fears. SoC. 8. Eachcouonty shahl berequiredtoeraiseannotallyhpy tas, forthe soppotrof commrons schools thoeteia, a sorenoerlest thaa toe-half the areoutoa ajrpoetioaal to each counaty for that yearefroretheniacoreofrthe commtonchol food. Anypschool district neglectiag to ertablith and reaintain toe or least three  APPENDtX. 391 months in each year such school or schools as may be provided by law for such district hall forfeit its portion of the common school fund during such neglect. Sec. 9. The Superintendent of Public Instruction, Secre- tary of State, and Attorney-Genral, shall constitute a body corporate to be known as the Board of Education of Florida. The Superintendemt of Public Instruction shall be President thereef. The duties of the Board of Education shall be pre- scribed by the Legislature. ARTICLE X. HOMESTEAD. Senste'i Athomestead,to theextentofone hundred and sixty acres of land, or the half of one acre within the limits of any incotporated city or town, owned by the head of a family, residing in this State, together with one thousand dollars in value of personal property, and the improvements on the real aeste, shall be exempted from forced sale under any process of law, and the real estate shall not be alienable without the joint consent of husbadend wife, when that relation exists. But tto property shall be exempt from sale for taxes, or for the payment of obligations contracted for the purchase of said premises, or for the erection of improvements thereon, or for house, field or other labor performed on the same. The exemption herein pro- vided for in a city or town shall not extend to more improve- ments or buildings than the residence and business houses of the owner. SEC. 2. In addition to the exemption provided for in the first section of this article, there shall be and remain exempt from sale by any legal process in this State, to the head of a family residing in this State, such property as he or she may select to the amount of one thousand dollars; said exemption in this section shall only prevent the sale of property in cases where the debt was contracted, liability incurred, or judgment obtained before-the eoth day of May, A. D. 1865. Nothing herein con- tained shall be construed as to exempt any property from sale for payment of the purchase-money of the same, or for the pay- ment of taxes or labor. SEC. 3. The exemptions provided for in sections one and two of this article shall accrue to the heirs of the party having enjoyed or taken the benefit of such exemption, and the exemp- tion provided for in section one of this article shall apply to all debts except as specified in said section, no matter when or where the debt was contracted or liability incurred. A tFee1ox. 391 months in each year such school or schools as may be provided by law for such distric shall forfeit its portion of the common school fund during such neglect. Sc. 9. The Superintendent of Public Instruction, Secre- tary of State, and Attorneys-General, shall constitute a body corporate to be known as the Board of Education of Florida. The Superintendent of Public Instruction shall be President thereef. The duties of the Board of Education shall be pre- scribed by the Legislature. ARTICLE X. HOMlESTEAD. SeTin 1. Ahoeestead, to the extent of one hundred and sixty acres of land, or the half of one acre within the limits of any incorporated city or town, owned by the head of a family, residing in this State, together with one thousand dollars in value of personal property, and the improvements on the real estate, shall be exempted from forced sale under any process of law, and the real estate shall not be alienable without the joint consent of husband and wife, when that relation exists. But no property shall be exempt frot sale for taxes, or for the payment of obligations contracted for the purchase of said premises, or for the erection of improvements thereon, or for house, field or other labor performed on the same. The exemption herein pro- vided for in a city or town shall not extend to more improve- ments or buildings than the residence and business houses of the owner. SEC. 2. In addition to the exemption provided for in the first section of this article, there shall be and remain exempt from sale by any legal process in this State, to the head of a family residing in this State, such property as he or she may select to the amount of one thousand dollars; said exemption in this section shall only prevent the sale of property in cases where the debt was contracted, liability incurred, or judgment obtained before-the soth day of May, A. D. 1865. Nothing herein con- tained shall be construed as to exempt any property from sale for payment of the purchase-money of the same, or for the pay- ment of taxes or labor. SEC. 3. The exemptions provided for in sections one and two of this article shall accrue to the heirs of the party having enjoyed or taken the benefit of such exemption, and the exemp- tion provided for in section one of this article shall apply to all debts except as specified in said section, no matter when or where the debt was contracted or liability incurred. APPENDIX. 39t months in each year stch school or schools as may be provided by law for such district shall forfeit its portion of the common school fund during such neglect. S. 9. The Superintendent of Public Instruction, Secre- tary of State, and Attorney-General, shall constitute a body corporate to be known as the Board of Education of Florida. The Superintendent of Public Instruction shall be President thereef. The duties of the Board of Education shall be pre scribed by the Legislature. ARTICLE X. HO1MESTEAD. StIeees . A.omestead, to the extent of one hundred and sixty acres of land, or the half of one acre within the limits of any incorporated city or town, owned by the head of a family, residing in this State, together with one thousand dollars in value of personal property, and the improvements on the real estate, shall be exempted from forced sale under any process of law, and the real estate shall not be alienable without the joint consent of husband and wife, when that relation exists. But Io property shall be exempt from sale for taxes, or for the payment of obligations contracted for the purchase of said premises, or for the erection of improvements thereon, or for house, field or other labor performed on the same. The exemption herein pro- vided for in a city or town shall not extend to more improve- ments or buildings than the residence and business houses of the owner. SEC. 2. In addition to the exemption provided for in the first section of this article, there shall be and remain exempt from sale by any legal process in this State, to the head of a family residing in this State, such property as he or she may select to the amount of one thousand dollars; said exemption in this section shall only prevent the sale of property in cases where the debt was contracted, liability incurred, or judgment obtained before-the soth day of May, A. D. 1865. Nothing herein con- tained shall be construed as to exempt any property from sale for payment of the purchase-money of the same, or for the pay- ment of taxes or labor. SEC. 3. The exemptions provided for in sections one and two of this article shall accrue to the heirs of the party having enjoyed or taken the benefnt of such exemption, and the exemp- tion provided for in section one of this article shall apply to all debts except as specified in said section, no matter .when or where the debt was contracted or liability incurred.  392 APPENDIX ARTICLE XL PUBLIC INSTITUTIONS. SECTioN I. Institutions for the benefit of the insane, blind and deaf, and such other benevolent institutions as the publbe good may require, shall be fostered and supported by the State. subject to such regulations as may be provided by law. SEC. 2. A state prison shall be established and maintained in such a manner as may be fixed by law. Provision may be made by law for the establishment and maintenance of a House of Refuge for juvenile offenders, and the Legislature shall have power to establish a home and workhouse fo common vagrants. SEC. The respective courts of the State shall provide in the manner fixed by law for those of theinhabitants who by reason of age, infirmity, or misfortunes, may have claims upon the aid and sympathy of society. ARTICLE XII. MILITIA. SECTION I. All able-bodied male inhabitants of the State, between the ages of eighteen and forty-five years, who are citizens of the United States, or have declared their intention to become citizens thereof, shall constitute the militia of the State, but no male citizen of whatever religious creed or opinion shall be exempt from military duty except upon such conditions as may be prescribed by law. SEC. a. The Legislature shall provide by law for organizing and disciplining the militia of the State, for the encouragement of vomlteer corps, the safe keeping of the public arms, and for a guard for the State prison. SEC. 3. The Adjutant General shall have the grade of Ma- jor General. The Governor, by and with the consent of the Senate, shall appoint two Major Generals and four Brigadier Generals of militia; they shall take rank according to the date of their commissions. The officers and soldiers of the State militia, when uniformed, shall wear the uniform prescribed for the United States Army. SEC, 4. The Governor shall have power to call out the militia to preserve the public peace, to execute the laws of the State, and to suppress insurrection or repel invasion. ARTICLE XIII. 'TAXATION AND FINANCE. SEcasoN 1. The Legislature shall provide for a uniform and equal rate oftaxation, and shall prescribe such regulations as 392 PPENDIX ARTICLE XI. PUBL-IC INSTITUTIONS. SECTION 1. Institutions for the benefit of the insane, blind and deaf, and such other benevolet institutions as the publh good may require, shall be fostered and supported by the State, subject to such regulations as may be provided by law. SEc. 2. A state prison shall be established and maintained in such a manner as may be fixed by law. Provision may be made by law for the establishment and maintenance of a House of Refuge for juvenile offenders, and the Legislature shall have power to establish a home and workhouse for common vagrants. SEC. 3. The respective courts of the State shall provide in the manner fixed by law for those of the'inhabitants who by, reason of age, infirmity, or misfortunes, may have claims upon the aid and sympathy of society. ARTICLE XII. MILITIA. SECTION i. All able-bodied male inhabitants of the State, between the ages of eighteen and fortydive years, who are citizens of the United States, or have declared their intention to become citizens thereof, shall constitute the militia of the State, but no male citizen of whatever religious creed or opinion shall be exempt from military duty except upon such conditions as may be prescribed by law. SEc. 2. The Legislature shall provide by law for organizing and disciplining the militia of the State, for the encouragement of volunteer corps, the safe keeping of the public arms, and for a guard for the State prison. SEC. 3. The Adjutant General shall have the grade of Ma- jor General. The Governor, by and with the consent of the Senate, shall appoint two Major Generals and four Brigadier Generals of militia; they shall take rank according to the date of their commissions. The officers and soldiers of the State militia, when uniformed, shall wear the uniform prescribed for the United States Army. SEC. 4. The Governor shall have power to call out the militia to preserve the public peace, to execute the laws of the State, and to suppress insurrection or repel invasion. ARTICLE XIII. TAXATION AND) FINANCE. SECTION . The Legislature shall provide for a uniform and equal rate oftaxation, and shall prescribe such regulations as 392 APPENDIX ARTICLE X. PUBLIC INsTITUTIONS. SECTION t. Institutions for the benefit of the insane, blind and deaf, and such other benevolent institutions as the publhe good may require, shall be fostered and supported by the State, subject to such regulations as may be provided by law. SEC. 2. A state prison shall be established and maintained in such a manner as may be fixed by law. Provision may be made by law for the establishment and maintenance of a House of Refuge for juvenile offenders, and the Legislature shall have power to establish a home and workhouse for common vagrants. SEc. 3. The respective courts of the State shall provide in the manner fixed by law for those of the inhabitants who by reason of age, infirmity, or misfortunes, may have claims upon the aid and sympathy of society. ARTICLE XII. MILLITIA. SECTON I. All able-bodied male inhabitants of the State, between the ages of eighteen and forty-five years, who are citizens of the United States, or have declared their intention to become citizens thereof, shall constitute the militia of the State, but no male citizen of whatever religious creed or opinion shall be exempt from military duty except upon such conditions as may be prescribed by law. SEC. a. The Legislature shall provide by law for organizing and disciplining the militia of the State, for the encouragement of volunteer corps, the safe keeping of the public arms, and for a guard for the State prison. SEc. 3. The Adjutant General shall have the grade of Ma- jor General. The Governor, by and with the consent of the Senate, shall appoint two Major Generals and four Brigadier Generals of militia; they shall take rank according to the date of their commissions. The officers and soldiers of the State militia, when uniformed, shall wear the uniform prescribed for the United States Army. SEC. 4. The Governor shall have power to call out the militia to preserve the public peace, to execute the laws of the State, and to suppress insurrection or repel invasion. ARTICLE XIII. TAXATION AND FINANCE. SECTION I. The Legislature shall provide for a uniform and equal rate of taxation, and shall prescribe such regulations as  APPENDIX. 393 shall secure- a just valuation of all property, both real and per- sonal, excepting such property as may be exempt by law for municipal, educational, literary, scientific, religious, or cbar- itable purposes. SEc. 2. The Legislature shall provide for raising revenue sufficient to defray the expenses of the State for each fiscal year, and also a sficient sum to pay the principal and interest of the existing indebtedness of the State. SEC. 3. No tax shall be levied except in pursuance of law. SEC. 4. Notmoneys shall be drawn from the Treasury ex. cept in pursuance of appropriation made by law. SEC 5. An accurattetatement of the receipts and expen ditures of the publig moneys shall be published with the laws of each regular session of the Legislature. SEC. 6. The Legislature shall authorize the several counties and incorporated towns in the State to impose taxes for county and incorporation purposes, and for no other purpose, and all property shall be taxed upon the principle estabshed for State taxation, The Legislature may also provide for levying a spe- cifn capitation tax on licenses. But the capitation tax shall not exceed one dollar per annum for all purposes, excepting for State, county, or municipal taxes. Soc. 7. The Legislature shall have power to provide for issuing State bonds bearing interest, for securing the debt of the State, and for the erection of State buildings, support of State institutions, and perfecting public works. SEC. 8. No tax shall be levied upon persons for the beneft of any chartered company of the State, or for paying the interest on any bonds issued by said chartered companies, counties, or corporations, for the above-mentioned purposes, and any laws to the contrary are hereby declared null and void. ARTICLE XIV. CENSUS AND APPORIONTIMENT. The Legislature shall, in the year one thousand eight hu- dred and seventy-Sve, and every tenth year thereafter, cause an enumeration to be made of all the inhabitants of the State; and they shall then proceed to apportion the representation among the different counties, givmng to each county one representative at large, and one additional to every one thousand registered votes therein, but no county shall be entitled to more than four representatives. The Legislature shall also, after every such enumeration, proceed to fx by law the number of Senators which shall con- APPENDIX. 393 shall secure a just valuation of all property, both real and per- sonal, excepting such property as may be exempt by law for municipal, educational, literary, scientific, religious, or char- itable purposes. SEc. 2. The Legislature shall provide for raising revenue sufficient to defray the expenses of the State for each fiscal year, and also a sifficient sum to pay the principal and interest of the existing indebtedness of the State. SEc. 3. No tax shall be levied except in pursuance of law. SEc. 4. Notmoneys shall be drawn from the Treasury ex. cept in pursuance of appropriation made by law. SEC. 5. An accurate statement of the receipts and expen ditures of the publig moneys shall be published with the laws of each regular session of the Legislature. SEc. 6. The Legislature shall authorize the seceral counties and incorporated towns in the State to impose taxes for county and incorporation purposes, and for no other Purpose, and all property shall be taxed upon the principle estabelshed for State taxation. The Legislature may also provide for levying a spe- cinc capitation tax on licenses. But the capitation tax shall not exceed one dollar per annum for all purposes, excepting for State, county, or municipal taxes. SEC. 7. The Legislature shall have power to provide for issuing State bonds bearing interest, for securing the debt of the State, and for the erection of State buildings, support of State institutions, and perfecting public works. SEC. 8. No tax shall be levied upon persons for the benefit of any chartered company of the State, or for paying theinterest on any bonds issued by said chartered companies, counties, or corporations, for the above-mentioned purposes, and any laws to the contrary are hereby declared null and void. ARTICLE XIV. CENSUS AND APPORTIONTMENT. The Legislature shall, in the year one thousand eight hun- dred and seventy-five, and every tenth year thereafter, cause an enumeration to be made of all the inhabitants of the State; and they shall then proceed to apportion the representation among the different counties, givmtg to each county one representative at large, and one additional to every one thousand registered votes therein, but no county shall be entitled to more than four representatives. Tihe Legislature shall also, after every such enumeration, proceed to fix by law the number of Senators which shall con- APPENDIX. 393 shall secure a just valuation of all property, both real and per- sonal, excepting such property as may be exempt by law for municipal, educational, literary, scientific, religious, or char- itable purposes. SEc. 2. The Legislature shall provide for raising revenue sufficient to defray the expenses of the State for each fiscal year, and also a sofficient sum to pay the principal and interest of the existing indebtedness of the State. SEC. 3. No tax shall be levied except in pursuance of law. SEc. 4. No-moneys shall be drawn from the Treasury ex. cept in pursuance of appropriation made by law. Sc. S. An accurate statement of the Teceipts and eXpen- ditures of the publig moneys shall be published with the laws of each regular session of the Legislature. Sc. 6. The Legislature shall authorize the seceral counties and incorporated towns in the State to impose taxes for County and incorporation purposes, and for no other purpose, and all property shall be taxed upon the principle establshed for State taxation. The Legislature may also provide for levying a spe- cific capitation tax on licenses. But the capitation tax shall not exceed one dollar per annum for all purposes, excepting for State, county, or municipal taxes. SEc. 7. The Legislature shall have power to provide for issuing State bonds bearing interest, for securing the debt of the State, and for the erection of State buildings, support of State institutions, and perfecting public works. SEC. 8. No tax shall be levied upon persons for the benefit of any chartered company of the State, or for paying the interest on any bonds issued by said chartered companies, counties, or corporations, for the above-mentioned purposes, and any laws to the contrary are hereby declared null and void. ARTICLE XIV. CENSUS AND APPORINTMENT. The Legislature shall, in the year one thousand eight hu- dred and seventy-five, and every tenth year thereafter, cause an enumeration to be made of all the inhabitants of the State; and they shall then proceed to apportion the representation among the different counties, givtg to each county one representative at large, and one additional to every one thousand registered votes therein, but to county shall be entitled to more than four representatives. The Legislature shall also, after every such enumeration, proceed to fx by law the number of Senators which shall con-  394APEDX stitte ste Senate of Florida, and which shall never be less than one-fouth, nor moree than one-half of the whole onmher of the Assemhly. When aoy Senatorial dinteict tholl he conmposed of twoee oreecounttie, thoconntiesnofnwhichnochditrict co- sits shall not he entirely neparated hy any county belonginsg to anothee district, and no conty shall he divided in fortmtng a district, and all countien shall remain at note organized unlets changed hy a twso-thirds rote of hoth houses of the Legislatue. ARTICLE XV. SECTION t. Evrty nmale pernnn of the age of twenty-one years and oupwareds, of whatevrerace, coloe, nationality, or pre. vions condition, or weho shall, at the tinme of offering to rote, be a citizen of the United Staten, or swho shall hate declared hit in- tention to hecome such in cotnformnity to the loos of the United States, and weho shall hace resided and had hit hahitation, domo- ii, home, and place of peenmanent abode in Florida for one yeae, and in theounty fortixoths, netpeceding the election at wrhich he shall offereto note, shall in soch conty ha deemed a qualified elector at all elections under thin Constituetion. Eveey elector shall, at the time of his registration, tahe and subsceibe to the followingoath: 1, -,do solemnly swearethat I will tupport, peotect, and defend the Constitution atd Goernment of the United Stales, and the Constitution and Govertment of Florida, against all enemies, foreign or domestic; that I mill beae teue faith, loy- alty, and allegiance to the same, any ordinances or reesolution of any State Cnnvention or legislation to the contrary notwithstand- ing, so help me God. SEC. 2. No person ondee guardianship, non ompoa menfis, or isane, shall he qualified torvote at any election unless restored to Civil eights SEc. 3. At any election at which aciizen orsuhjectsof any foreignountey shall offer to vote, under the provisions of this Constitution, he shall present to the persons lawfully authorized to conduct and supereise such election a duly sealed and certified copy of his declaration of intention; otherwise he shall not he allowed lunate; and any natuealized citizentofferingtoeote, shall prodnce before said persnss, lamfully aothoeized to con- dact and supervise the election, his certificate of naturalization, or a duly sealed and certified copy thereof; otherwise he thall not he permitted to eote. SEC. 4. The Legislature shall haee poer and thall enact 394APEDX tltute denote of Florida, aend twhich shall eeer betes than one-toueth, nor tmore than one-half of the whole tnmhee of the Assemhly. When any Sienatorial district shall he comeposed of two or mure counties, the counties of which soch district coo- sists shall not he entirely separated hy any county helonginsg to another district, and no county shall he dicided io formnga district, and all counties shall remain as nowc organied unlces changed hy a two-thirds note of both houses of the L~egislatue. ARTIC~LE XV. SECTION t. Every male person of the a ge of tocnty-ooe years and hupwards, of what ever race, color, nationality, or pe- ntous condition, or who shall, at the time of offering to note, he a citizen of the United States, or who shall hare declared his in- tentiontohbecome such in confornmityto the lawsnof the United States, and who thall hare resided and had his hahitation, Soot- icil, home, and place of permanent ahude in Florida foe one year, and in the cunty fn Sin months, net preceding the election at which he shall offer to rote, shall in such countybe deemedoa qualified electnr at all elections under this Constitution. Ecery elector shall, at the time of his registration, take and suhscrihe to the following oath: 1, -, do solemnly swear that I will support, protect, aud defend the Conttution and Govrnment of the United States, and the Constitution and Government of Florida, against all enemies, foreign or domestic; that I mill hear true faith, loy- alty, and allegiance en the same, auy oedinances or resolution of any State Convention or legislation to the contraey uotwithstaod- ing, so help me God. fiE,. a. No person under guardianship, eon compoa eseui, or insane, shall he qualified to note at any election unless restored to Civil eights SEc. 3. Atsany election at which a citizen or subject of any foreign country shall offer to note, under the pronisions of this Constitution, he shall present to the persons lawfully aothorized to conduct and supervise such election a duly sealed and certified copy of his dodlaration of intention; otherwise he shall not hr allowedto vte; and any naturalized citizenaoffering tonvote, shall produce hefoe said persots, lawfully authorized to con- duct and supernise the election, his certificate of nauralizationt, or a duly sealed and certified copy thereof; otherwise he shall not be permittod to note. SEC. 4. The Legislaturee thall hare power and shall enact 394APEDX stitule the Senate of Florida, ansd wrhich shall nevcer he lest thas rne.nourth, nor moee than onte-half of the whole numbeer of the Assembhl. When aasy Serratorial district shall he comaposed of two eo more cnunties, the counties of which such district cotn- sists shallnothbe entirely separatedhby any countyhbelongingsto anoter district, and no cuntsy shall he dinided in forming a district, and all counties shall remain as now organicd unless changed by a two-thirds vote of both hoettes of the Leislaue. ARTICLE XV. ficcoTIO t. Every male person of the age of twenty-oe years and hupwards, of what ever race, color, nationality, or pee- vioucondition, or who shall, t the time of offering to role, ho a citizen of the Unitod Stales, or who shall hare declared his in- tention to hecome such in conformity so the laws of the United States, and who shall hare resided asS had his habitation, dom- icil, home, and place Of Peermanent ahode in Florida for one year, and inthe county for sixmonths,netpeceding thteelection at which he shall offer to note, shall in such countyhbedeemedoa qualified elector at all elections under this Constitution. Every elector shall, at the time of his egistratin, take and suhscrihe to the following nath: I, -,do solemnlytswearthat I will support, protect, and defend the Constitutioo and Govrnment of the United Stales, and the Constitution and Government of Florida, against all enemies, foreign or domestic; thatlIwill heae true faith, lop. alty, and allegiance to the same, any ordinances or resolution of any State Convention at legislation so the contrary notWishstaed- ing, so help me God. fiEC. a. No person under guardianship, san rowpao eets, or insane, shall he qualified so rote atsany electiounlens retored to civil rights Sec. 3. As any election at which a citizen or suhject of any foreign country shall offer to role, under the provisions uf this Constitution, he shall present to the persons lawfully authorized to conduct and supervioe such election a duly sealed and cerified copy of his declaration of intention; otherwise he shall not he allowed tonvote; and any naturalized citizen offeringstonote, shall produce hefore said persnss, lawfully a ushorined to con- duct and supervise the election, his certi~ficate of naturalizao, nr a duly sealed and certified copy thereof; otherwise he shall not he permitted to note. SEC. 4. The Legislature shall hare pun-er and shall enact  APPEDIX.395 the necennart lawsto excalude fromn etn ardffie of hoanor, power, tust orprofit. nivil ortmilitary, w'ithitt the State,attdfrotttthe Tight anf sffrag, alpesnsn icted of htihbery, peejuty, lat. cetty,torofnfam~tousncre. oraawhotshall akeainortheote, di- Tetlyortidrctlyieested in an 'ytaettorawaget', theresutlt of which thall ditptnd upon any elecin; ot , ho shal hereafter fight a due],an otatnd at accet achanattge to fight, or ttho shall heta secntdto tithet pat), ortbeahebearetoftschhalenge nar acceptance; bat the legal diabiitay thall not accrue unatil after nial aadconvition bytahdanuermo aw. SEt. JoII all electoons ty the Legislatutre tite vote shall he niaoe, nta tn all ectitoans ha' thepeople the vote shallhbehby hallot. SEc..h e hLegislaureataitsfirttsession after the atifica- fiat of tis Cntttintt thail hy law ptrtvidt foe tht registtation, by the Cietks of tht Circuit Coutt itt tach county, of all the legally'quaified voottrs iasuch couoty, attd fat the tetotnt of tiectinons; and tstail also ptovide that aftot tht comopletion, froot Mt ttimea,Of Schegittioan,tttno pronot dulyegiteed ,ctaaediaag to law' sal! heallowcedto tote. SI.7. 'Thb Legitlatutt thai! eat lattn tequiring edoca- 11ooaia qualiications tot electors after tint year ont thounsantleight hunadredaadtighty', butosachaos thalihbetmade appiale to any electorItomoay ha eegiter'ed orvoted atany election pevious therteo. ARTICi.E X1. .E TIO . That oil otdinaoctt aod ttsoliont htrttofore passedhby any conventionaofthetptople, and ail actt andereso- lutions of the Legislatuee coatflictinag ar incottsistent with the Conttituttion of the U nited Statts attd the ntatuates thereof, and with thisnconstitutiotn,and indeogaion of theaexistence orepo- titian of the State at one of the Staten of the United Statet of Atmerica, areerebtty declared null and void, and of no effect. SEC. a. That al! atn and resolutions of the Genetal Assem- bly, and all official acts of the civil officets of the State, not in- consistent with the peovisions of the Constitutiot and ttatutes of the United htaten, at with the Contitution, at with any nedi. an tres-olution adapted by the contention, and tnhich hone not heen, and are not hy thin constituation, annulled, are in foece, andnshallhe considered and enteemned asnthe lautoS the State nuntil noch actn oraesolutions thai! he repealed hy the Legislatue of the State at thin contention. APPEDIX.395 t he sectsaotaw ato exclude fronnt tey officetofhono, pon ee, trust orepefit cant! onratitttan wtithinathetSate, and from the Tight of sauffrage, ail persontcocvicted of hriheey, peejuey,ilae. ceny,oreofainfamosncime.oewohall minake orlbecotme, di tietoridiectly, nteresteda i tn oan n b t ager,atheeresultof whitct thai! depinnd aupon atay eltction; at mcha tha! heeeaftee fight a dane!, at snd ortacceptachalentge to fight, an weho shall bet a second to eithtt paeany, Sat tht heareer aftach thallenge nat acteatance: hut tht ltgal diability shall not accoaue antil aftee SEt. ;.Inn all electionn by tht Legislaturtte tiote shall he ziavrandaoialetconn ha tint peopye ethte tote shallhehby hallot. SaC. S. Tht Legiaure anat ta irt sension afttt the ratifica- tin of thitn Constnttin shail by lawa peavide Sot tht registration, by the Clerks of the Circuit Court in tach cotunty, of all the legally qualaified cvtters itnattch county, and foe the retuens of tetetions; and sal! also ptocide that aften the tonmplin, froot to tie nnfsch regintation, noypersnotadalyeregisteeed ,acatdingnolanhalabie alowedtocvot. yr'.7 The Legislatureshall tenact lanws rtqairing cdota- nianaln nnalifications foe elettorsnafter tint ytare thounand eight hundred andtighty, bunonsuchilawsallemade appiale no any' teector acn homayha cregisatedaor voed atanyeletin pheninn theeto. ARTICLF N'h'i SEaCTINa t. That oil oedinantet and resnoltons heetofoe yansedhby anytonntiona ofthe people, and all ats andereso- nations of the Legilatunee conficing at inconsistent wnith the Consituion of the United States and the statutesa theeof, and nitS thin toontitutioan, and in detogation of the exintence oe pa- sitian of the State at one of the Staten of the United States of Amoerica, are herehy vdeclarednull and voidand of tno effect. SC. a. That all atsand resolutionsof the GeealAssem- bly, and all official atn of the tiicl oifficers of the State, not in- conistent wtith the provisins of the Constitution and statutes anf the 'United Staten, at awith the Constitutain, at with any ordi- n a t tresolution adopted by the tonvention, and wthich hone not heen, atad aee not hy this constituation, annulled, aee in foeae, and shallhbeconsidered and esteemted at the laws f the State anti! nuth attn oraeolutions shall he repealed hy the Legislatue of the State at thin conventin'a. A taPNIX. 395 the necesnata lanas to encluade feroeer office of hetter, powee, toust opcait. natal aotmlitary, within the Staate, andleromthe eight of suaffragt, ail peons coan'icttd of hrihety- , peejury, lar- cene, at ofainfaous acrime, at who nsna!! ake at btecomte, di- tety oridiectliteetedain anay boe or agethe result of whicha thalolneepen unan y eltction; at amh ITha! heeafter fight a doe!. ot send at atccet a challnge an fight, oe woth tha! tea ntcond to either paean.aerabathe bareoaftsuchthalletge nat acceptaance: hbt the legal diability shall tat accrue anti! after cand convictin by duetform of la. aEC. .It, al! tetcctions by tho Legislatue at tote shall he via vce, andlianallnlttins bvtle peopiele tvteshallhbehby hallot. SaC. S- Tht Laginlturee at ans dart tension after the ratifica- alas of tnin Cnstituton, tha! ha lana provide lot the registeation, Sny the Clerks of the Cirtait Couretin each countay, of nil the legally qalaified coters in sucah counnty, and foe the rturons of election; and sall alan provide than afteat the completinia, ferom tietotm, nfscheregistration, noayersnot dulyoegiteed Itaneding to lanm shall he allowed to cone. Scc. 7. 'The Loginlatae shall eanact lanna requiring edoa inala qualificainsfrelectorsnafteratae year one thousand eight hundred anndeighty, iunosuchawtn shalhe made applicale to any' tietorato may have reisteedaor voed atany eletion peviousn Therteo. AR'iIS.LFi Xa'! SETO .That ailledinanes and restnins heretofoe passtd hy any tacnention of the petople, and al! acts andereso- itiona of the Legislatunee canflitting at itntonsistent with the Constituntion of the United Staten and the statuates teeof, and with thin onstitntion, and in derogation of tht existente oe pa' titian of the State an one of the Staten of the United Staten of Amterica, are hereby declated nail and cold, and of ano effect. SC. a. That al! atn and restnins of the Geneeal Assemt- bly, and all official acts of the cii officers af the State, not in- cnsnistent waith the provisiotns of the Constitation and statutes oaf the United Staten, at taith the Constitution, at with any oedi- nneoteresolution adapted by the convention, and whichhae ot heen, and ate not hy thin tonstitution, annolled, ate in fnrce, andnshallhetcosideeed and esteemetd as the lawnso the State uantil such atts or esolutions shall he eepealed hy the Legislatue of the State at this cnvaentin.  396APEDX SEC. 3. All laws of the State passed by else so-sailed Gee- eral Assembly since the soils day of Jasoaey, A. U. 1868, not conflticting witis the word and spirit at the Constitution and tawos of te United States, oe wsith this constitation, shall he solid; oll weits, aces, procseediengs, judgtments, aod decees of else so-sailed courtsnofthehetate,swhen actual seeviceswa, omadeasteedetes- done, all executiosandnsales mdeteeundee, ad ali ases,or dae and penceedings of the judges of Peoate, aod of executoes, adnministraeors, guardians, and trusteen, provided tisey owere to cnfoety wsith the loses sheet its foese,anddid nosonflict siob the Cnnstitotiaon and she lasss of she United States aed tbis sc- stitution, shalt be solid;, the tales of the proer~sty oe effects or" deceased persotnsshalltnotprettheido-feossaiingsaid peoperty in hind, in wehosoever hands the stot osay he found, swhee she saleahad not been moade foete puepose of payintgthe debts at deceased, and where othes than lawful nmoney of the United Senaten was ohsained foe said peopeesy. Nothing berein contained shall he so construed as to msake nnynonetwhonas anoffisereoftanycouroerwhacedounderthe authneity nf any cnnet individoally liable, penvided they acted nsictly in accordance swith swhat non then considered the lawsnf the State, and nat cosfiting wsith the inns and Constitution at the United States. ASl fines, penaltien, foefeituees, obligations, and esceats heretofnre acseuing to the State nf Floeida shall cnteinue eonsc- cre en the one nf the State. All-eeneizaones heesofnetakten oht reemainvabid, and all bnndn executed en the Governoe of the State of Florida, eithee befnre nr since the seth day of Jansunry, A. U. eS61, at to anynotheafficernf tehfState, in hisofficialcapacity, shallfbe of fnll farce and vietue foe the ones tereein eespecdively espretsed, 'and may be sued for and recovered accordingly, unless they nee cneeaey so the tons of the United States oe this contito- dion, oretnanynerdinance ne eesolundon adnpted by shecovn dion; alsoallerinmisnal yeosecutdons swhich base aeiseo may be prosecuted en judgmnt sod execotion in the name of she State. All actions be loss or sodts in chanceey, or any peoceedings pending in she coasts of this State, eithen peioe to ot subsequent no she oth day afjosoaey, A. D., s86bs, shall contdnue intslre specsecalid, and nsoyhbepensecuted so jodgmt ansd desee. Alljudgmnents and decreeserendeeed ioiil saoses looany nf the consets of she State dsrisg she period of dose aoee speci- fied, aee heeeby deceased of foil foece, solidity, sod effect, pee- sided that antless otherse pensidod in this soottusles, she statote nf linsisation shall not he pleaded opon asp, stains in the hands of any peeson for she peeled of tisoe hetseen she 396APEDX SEs. 3. All tans of the Stole passed by she so-called Ueri eeal Assembly since the itebdayof January, A.D. s868, not conflisting oith she aneod and spirie of she Constitutioe sod tans of thb United Staten, oe wihh thiscentitution, shalt he valsd; all snaits, aces, ptoceedings, jodgmns, aod decrees of the no-salted senses of she State, when actnal service 0-as made, as she deft's done, all exoesantd salesnmadetheeusodee, aod all acts, r dees and penceedings aftshe jodges at Proaote, sed of eeoe admineistraaeos, gardins, and teussees, peovided theyweei confoemityswihbthe lao-sthen insforce, addid t oitth she Canstiton and she loon of she United States and ti o siention, shall he solid; tse sales of she peopsety at effectsl decesed personnsalnaspret thesidofesomcaimiga ai propeety in bind, in wshosoevee hands she same maay he tound, were she sale bad not been smade tee the puepose of paying she debts nftdeceased, and whbere asher than -lsswful mooey of the UnitedfStatenswas obtained toe said propeesy. Nothing hetein sontaioed shall he no conntrued as so nmake anynetswhoswasannofficertof anysout, orswhatedoundeesthe anehnrity of asp coot individuially liable, pensided they acted strictly in accoedance with whhoe wan then considered she toss of she State, and not coniting with she tans and Constitution of the United Stoles. ASl fiess, penalties, forfeitures, ohligations, and escheas heetofore acctaing sa she State of Flordda shall continue ta as- crne to tese of she State. All teoneiaoes hertsofore taken shagl semain solid, and all bonds executed en she Goveroe of she Stete of Plotida, ethee heforse or since she sash day of January, A. U. s861, artos any nther officer of te State, a in isfioil cnpacity, shall be at tall fotce and sietut foe she uses therein respectdvely eopeessed, bnd maybe suedneradeoeed accodigy,nless they mete cantraey so she lint of she United Staten oe thiscosiu tion, ne so any ordinaoce at tesalotion adapted by the conven- dion; also allcrimtinal peosesodions whicb base adisen may be ptasected to jadgsnent and toastion in she name of the State. All actdons be lass arsunoun in chaosery, or soy peoseedings pending 10 she couets aftehisnStae, tithes peioe so at sabseqoet to she sosh day ofjaoay, A. DI., 186s, shall contdnue i le spectsvalid, and maybe prosecoted toijudgment sod decree. Aljodgmentseanddecreeseendereds icii cases in any of she coaets of she Seate deeing the period o1fsouo acoe speci- Saed, one hereby deslared of foil foece, validity, aod effect, pea- sided that onless otheessise peasidcd in this cootituton, the statnee of limitsion shall not be pleaded upon assy claiom in the bands of any person fnr she period of simse beitween she 3965PEDX Sos. 3. All lao-s of she State pasted by she to-salted Ueo- terat Assembly since the sash day at Jasnay, A. U. tOSS, net confictg with dse word and spirit at theConsution sand lao-s of she United Stases, as with this constitation, shall he solid;al wrtits, acts, peoctedings, judgsoeots, sod decees of she to-salted coats of the State, whnha actual service a-as made, as the daese- dons, all eectionsoad salesnmadetheeuader, and ali ases, or- dersand proceedingstafthe jdgsafPobte, asodaf esesuoe, administratoes, guardieans, sod trsteets, provided sissy were so conformity wihthe inns then in force ad did not coefict iti she Consditution and dse lens of she United Stases sod this sees- stitution, shall he solid -i ste sates of else proertyes at effects z deceased peasant shalbotapreventtheswidoswfromdclimingaid propeety in hind, in whbosoevee hoods tshe noose osay he foond, were she sale had net been made tee the psepose at payling the debts of deceased, and ssheee offset than -lawfol money oftshe United Stases oat obtained toe said peoperty. Nathing beein contained shall be so construed as to msake anyponewoowas an offierofanyour,aeohoactdnderhe authotity of anyeaourt individually liahle, peosided they acted strictly in aceordanee wiub sshat teat then cansideted she lass at the State, and not confiting with she les and Constitution of the United Stases. All fines, penalties, foefeitures, obligations, and etcheas heretafnre accruingtothefStaefFlordda shallcnnuetooa- crue to the use of the State. Alt eoognisanoes heretoafote taken shall remain solid, and all bonds excutsed tostheGoveror of she State of Floeida, ebthee before at since she seth day of January, A. D. t861, ortso any othet offbcet aftes State, ibin hisfiil sapacity, shall be at fall fonse and viesot foe the ones teein rspectdvely eopressed, and mayensedfoeandecovseedaccodigly, unless they wereecontrary so else loot of she United Stases or thissaonsitua- dion,aoretoanynordinancee oresnolundan adopted by she sans-en- dion; alto all ceiminal peosecundons whbich base arises may he peasesoted to jodgmnt ond esecotion in she noose of she State. All actdons be loss at suits in chancery, on soy proceedings pending in she courts afthis State, tithes prior so oe subsequent so she soth day ofjanoaey, A. D., s8bs, shall cosnone inl e spectssvalid and maybe peosecutedetojudgment anddecee. Alt jodgmenn and decrees renderedin civil sauses in any of she casts aftshe State dosing the period of sie those speci- Saed, ate hereby declnad of fell foece, solidity, sod effect, pro- sided that onless otherssise peneidod in shin sonstisution, the statote of liosisasion shall not be pleaded span aty stains in thebhands ofany peson fteeperiod of dtie beoceensthe  APPENDIX 397 APPENDIX 397 APPENDIX 397 loth day af Janary, A. U., 1861, and the 25th day af Onto- bee, A. D., 185 ahether praceeditngs at lawo had been comt- aenced before the 2yth day af Octohee, 1865, ot not; peonid- edl further, that all claitms of wiowste, mninorn, antd decen- dets, which nwece not harred hy the atatatenof thit State, an the toth day afJanaaay, A. D., 1861, shall he considered goad anadnvalid fan tha periadaof twcoyears for theeratificationof thia contitation. SC. 4. 'That State treanaty aatat, atl handa intued, and all other hahilitiesacaatractad hy the State of Florida, ar any county cinynthereof,oaod aferthe t6th dayof Janary, AD., t86t, aod hefoe the ahth day of Ohtobee, A. D., t865, except sutch liabitiies at may he daertothe nemitnaryor schoal fond, b~e and are dreclared null and voidand the Leginlature nhall haveopow-er-topravide far the payment of the tame at any paronthereof, bant thisnshalltot ho consttuednso as tainvalidate any nahoriaed liahilities of the State contracted prtoe to the t oth dlay ofJanaey A. U., 1861, an suhsequet to the 25th day of OcoeA. D., 1865. SE. . Na atoney nhatl ever he appropriated hy thin State ribreepurchasersof United Stateslatnd who puchased .b aeof the State of Flaeida. SE.6. All peocradings, decisions, at actiont acomplished by civid or tmilitary officers acting ander- authority of the United Staten sahsequent to the taoth day of Janaey, t86t, and prior no 'he fonal rentoration of the State no the ganeemment of the United States, ate herehy declared talid, aodnshall not he suhject to ad- idcton in thc courts of thin St ate; not nhatl any person act- rig tn the capabiny of a noldiero ffclter of the United Stolen, cvlomilitay,hbensuhjectnoarrest foraemy actpeformedhy himapurutaatathoizeditrction from hisnsupeio oficers duriog the priod of time above designated. SEc.;7. That in all canes whereejudgments hone heen oh- tained agaienntcitizeosofnthe Stateatneethetlothdayof Jnary, t86t, prenious to the a5th day of Octoher, 1865, and nwhee an- nulsriewal non made on the peenon of any depaetmeot. Such defendant,anot second with peocem, maynappce in conet wcithin one year after the adoption tif thin tonnntitntion. and mahe oath than injustice has heen done and that he or she has a good and valid defence, and upon making ouch oath and filing maid defence the peoceedings in the judgment shall cease until the defence in heard. lnth day af January, A. D., t861, and nhe a5th day af Oeto- bee, A. D., 1865, ohethee proceedingn atlow had heen cam- mtenced hefere the 25th day af Octohen, t865, at noe; provid- ed fuethr, that all claimn of widaown, miors, and decen- deonts, which wcere not harred hy the atatatenof this State, on the ,oth day of January, A. D., t86t, shall he considered goad andnvalid foe theyperid of twaarsfnrtheeatification ofltin constitution. SCc. 4. Thatbntatentearyne, allhbondt issued, and all onhee liabilities contracned hy the State of Florida, at any roanty cc city theeof, oa and ofter the t16th day of Janary, A. D., tISO, and hefore the ahnh day of Uhtohee, A. D., 1865, except suchhlahbiliie as way hr duentothe seminay otchool fund, be and are declaed tall and voidand the Legislature shall haveopowr to pronidr foe the paymeot af the oame or any pat nherrof, hnt thin shall not he constraed so as to invalidate any authorized liahilinien of the State contracted penor to the lotS dlay of Janary A. D., t861, or sahsequeot no the 25th day of SEc 5. Na money shall toter hr appropriatcd hy thin State toeeimburer purchasers at United States land who purchased hr nanmr of the State of Florida. Sc. 6. All proceedings, decisioons, on actions accomplished by cnnvil an miitary officern acting under authority of the United Staten subnrquenothe loth dayof Janary, z861t, andtrioreto the final rentoatdon of the State to the goveroment ofthe United States, ace herehy declared t-alid, and shall non he nubject to ad- indication in nhr contn of thin State; nor shall any person act- ing an the capabiny of a soldier or officer of the United Staten, cividor miditary,betsubject to arest foe any act performed by himypursuantto athoizedinnsttuction from his speioroffioers dureing the period af dwme abate designated. SEc 7. That an all cases whee judgments hone been oh- tained againstncitioensofnthe State after the loth daynofJanary, 1861, previous to the 25th day of Uctoher, 0865, and where ace- tool service wasnot wade an the person of any department, Sach defendant, not served with procesn, may appear in court within one year afner the adoption of this constitution, and mahe oath that injosnice has been done and that he op nhe has a good and valid defence, and upon mahing noch oath and filing maid defence the peoceedings in she jndgment shall cease until the defence is heard. loth day af Janary, A. D., 1861, and the 25th day of Onto- bee, A. D., tS6j, nwhether pereediogs at lnn had been now- wentced bcfore the a5th day af Uctober, n865, oroe; provid- ed further, than aSl claimn of wiows, minoes, and decen- dentn, which wcere non bared by the statotesof this State, on the tnth day ofJanary, A. D., 1861, shall he considered goad ,ond valid fan therperiodoftw nn ersforetheeatificationof thdn SC. 4. That Stone teanory notes, all hondn istued, and all onhee liabilities contracted by nhe Slate at Florida, or any coonny oc citcnthereof,onand ateathe 1tbhday of Janay, A.D., 1861, and before the 26th day of Ubtohee, A. D., 1865, except .achhlabdiliie an way be d e toanhe sewinaryaor school fond, be and ate declared null and coidand the Legislature shall hacenopowcer toprovide for the yaywenn of the same or any pact nhereof, hot dhin shall not be conntrued so as no invalidate any authoriaed liabilitict of rhe Stane contracted pror In the totS dlay of January A4. D., t86 t, oe nab sequent to the a5th day of (tobee, A. D., t865p SC. 5. No money shall ecer he appropriated by this State toreiwbarerpachases of United Statestland who purhased the tame af the State af Flarida. SC. 6. All1 peoceedings, decinionn, or actions accomplinhed by covil or mtaay officern acting tinder authority of the United Stowes nabtequcent no the tath day of January, e186t, and peior no the final resnoeation of the State to the gocernment of the United States, ara hnereby declared valid, and shall not he sabject to ad- indicadion an the coutes af dnis State; nor shall any person act- o1,'in thrcapainp af a noldier ae oficee of the United Stones, civilaew ilitary,be sujectnto areset foany act peformed by him pannaata no aathoriaed insnroction feom hit superiorofficern duringtherpeiodf imeoaedeignaed. SC. 7. Tha in all canes whee judgments hone been ob- tained against ciniazons of ntne Stale after the noth day of January, 1861, pecious no the a5th day of Octobee, z865, and whee ac- tulsentice mat not wade on the person of any department. Such defendant, not seeced with process, may appear intcoort within one yewr after the adoption of this conntitutions, and mahe oath that injussine has been done and that he oreshe has agood and valid defence, and opon mahing such oth and filing said defence the peoneedings in the judgment shall cease until the defence is heard.  398 398 ARTICLE XVIL APPENDIX.I ARTICLE XVIL MISCELLANEOUS. 398 APPENDIX. ARTICLE XVIL SECosON I. Any person debarred from holding office in the State of Florida by the third section of the fourteenth article of the proposed amendment to the Constitution of the United States, which is as follows: "No person shall be a Senator or Represenative in Congress or elector of President or Vice-President, or hold any office, civ I or military, inder the United States or undet any State. who, having previously taken an oath as a member of Congress, ora an officer of tile United States. or as a member of any State Leg islature, or as an exeeutive or judicial offcer of any State. :o support the Constitution of the United States. shall have ea gaged in insurrection or rebellion against the sae, or given aid and comfort to enemies thereof. But Congress may, by a vot of two-thirds of each house, remove such disability," is hreby debarred from holding office in this State : Prvided, That when- ever such disability from holding oftice shall be removed from any person by the Congress of the United States, the removal of such disability shall also apply to this State, and such person shall be restored, in all respects, to the rights of citizenship as herein provided for electors. SEc. 2. Any person elected to the Senate of the United States by the Legislature of this State, or any person elected by the people, or appointed to office by the Governor of the State, or by any officer of the State, under the provisions of the Con- stitution adopted by the convention of the people, convented onl the 25th day of October. 1865, shall not be empowered to hold such office after the same position or office shall have been filled by election or appointment nder the provisions of this Consti- tution. Povided, That all officers holding otfice under the pro- visions of the Constitution adopted the 25th day of October, A. D. 1856, and not provided for in this Constitution, shall con- tinue to hold their respective offices, and discharge the duties thereof, until the Governor shall, by his proclamation, declare such offices vacant. SEC. 3. The several judicial circuits of the Circuit Courts, shall be as follows: The first judicial circuits shall be composed of the counties of Escambia, Santa Rosa, Walton, Holmes, Washington and Jackson ; the 2d judicial circuit shall be com- posed of the counties of Gadsden, Liberty; Calhoun, Franklin, Leon, Wakulla and Jefferson; the 3d judicial circuit shall be composed of the counties of Madison, Taylor, Lafayette, Ham- ilton, Suwanee and Columbia; the 4th judicial circuit shall be SECToN i. Any person debarred from holding office in th- State of Florida by the third section of the fourteenth article of the proposed amendment to the Constitution of the United States, which is as follows - "No person shall be a Senator or Represenative in Congres, or elector of President or Vice-President, or hold an onfice, civ or militaryo onder the United States or under any State. who, having previously taken an oath as a member of Congress, or as an officer of the United States, or as a member of any State Leg- islature, or os an exeeutive or judicial offeer of any State. t support the Constitution of the United States shall have er gaged in insurrection or rebellion against the same, or given aii and comfort to enemies thereof. But Congress may, by a vot of two-thirds of each house, remove such disability," is ohreby debarred frot holding office in this State : Provided, That when- ever such disability from holding office shall be removed froot any person by the Congress of the United States, the removal of such disability shall also apply to this State. and such person shall be restored, in all respects, to the rights of citizenship a herein provided for electors. SEC. a. Any person elected to the Senate of the United States by the Legislature of this State, or any person elected by the people, or appointed to offoce by the Governor of the State, or by any officer of the State, under the provisions of the Con- stitution adopted by the convention of the people, convened ott the 25th day of October, 1865, shall not be empowered to hold such office after the same position or ofice shall have been filled by election or appomntment tnder the provisions of this Consti- tution. Provided, That all officers holding office under the pro- visions of the Constitution adopted the 25th day of October, A. D. 1856, and not provided for in this Constitution, shall con- tinue to hold their respective offices, and discharge the duties thereof, until the Governor shall, by his proclamation, declare such offices vacant. SEc. 3. The several judicial circuits of the Circuit Courts, shall be as follows: The first judicial circuits shall be composed of the counties of Escambia, Santa Rosa, Walton, Holmes, Washington and Jackson ; the 2d judicial circuit shall be com- posed of the counties of Gadsden, Liberty; Calhoun, Franklin, Leon, Wakulla and Jefferson; the 3d judicial circuit shall be composed of the counties of Madison, Taylor, Lafayette, Ham- ilton, Suwanee and Columbia; the 4th judicial circuit shall be SECTION t. Any person debarred from holding office in the State of Florida by the third section of the fourteenth article of the proposed amendment to the Constitution of the United States, which is as follow s : "No person shall be a Senator or Represeati e in Congress or elector of President or Vice-President, or hold any office, civi or military, onder the United States or under any State. who. having previously taken a oath as a Memher of Congress, or a an offcer of the United States, or as a member of any State Leg islature, or as an exeeutive or judicial oficer of any State. to support the Constitution of the United States, shall have er.- gaged in insurrection or rebellion against the same, or given id and comfort to enemies thereof. But Congress may, by a vot of two-thirds of each house, remove such disability, is hereby debarred from holding oice in this State : Provided, That when- ever such disability from holding ofhe shall be removed froom any person by the Congress of the United States, the removal of such disability shall also apply to this State, and such person shall be restored, in all respects, to the rights of citizenship as herein provided for electors. SEc. a. Any person elected to the Senate of the United States by the Legislature of this State, or any person elected by the people, or appointed to office by the Governor of the State, or by any officer of the State, under the provisions of the Con- stitution adopted by the convention of the people, coovened ont the 25th day of October. 1865, shall not be empowered to hold such office after the same position or office shall have been filled by election or appontment under the provisions of this Consti- tution. Provided, That all officers holding ofice under the pro- visions of the Constitution adopted the 25th day of October, A. D. 1856, and not provided for in this Constitution, shall con- tinue to hold their respective offices, and discharge the duties thereof, until the Governor shall, by his proclamation, declare such offices vacant. SEC. 3. The several judicial circuits of the Circuit Courts, shall be as follows: The first judicial circuits shall be composed of the counties of Escambia, Santa Rosa, Walton, Holmes, Washington and Jackson ; the 2d judicial circuit shall be com- posed of the counties of Gadsden, Liberty; Calhoun, Franklin, Leon, Wakulla and Jefferson; the 3d judicial circuit shall be composed of the counties of Madison, Taylor, Lafayette, Ham- ilton, Suwanee and Columbia; the 4th judicial circuit shall be  APPENDIX. 399 composed of the counties of Nassau, Duval, Baker, Bradford, Clay and St. Johns; the 5th judicial circuit shall be composed of the coumties of Putnam, Alachua, Levy, Marion and Sumpter; the 6th judicial circuit shall be composed of the counties of Her- nando, Hillsborough, Manatee, Polk and Monroe; the 7th judi- cial circuit shall be composed of the countiesofVolusia, Brevard, Orange and Dade. SEc. 4. The salary of the Governor of the State shall be $5,ooo per annum ; that of the Chief Justice shall be $4 500 ; that of each Associate Justice shall be $4,oo; that of each Judge of the Circuit Court shall be $3,500 ; that of the Lieuten- ant-Governor shall be $a,5 o ; that of each Cabinet officer shall be $3,ooo. The pay of the members of the Senate and House of Bepresentatives shall be $5no per annum, and in addition thereto ten cents per miles for each mile traveled from their re- spective places of residence to the capital, and the same to re- turn. But such distances shall be estimated by the shortest gen- eral public thoroughfare. All other officen of the State shall be paid by fees as per diem fixed by law. SEC, 5. The Legislature shall appropriate $2,ooo each year for the purchase of such books for the Supreme Court library as the said Court shall direct. SEC. 6. The salary of each officer shall be payable quarterly upon his own requisition. SEc. 7. The tribe of Indians located in the southern por- tion of the State, and known as the Seminole Indians, shall be entitled to one member in each house of the Legislature. Such members shall have all the rights, privileges and remuneration as other members of the Legislature. Such members shall be elected by the members of their tribe, in the manner prescribed for all elections by this Constitution. The tribe shall be repre- sented only by a member of the same, and t no case by a white man : Provided, That the representatives of the Seminole Indians shall not be a bar to the representative of any county by the citizens thereof. SEc. 8. The Legislature may at any time impose such tax on the Indians as they may deem proper; and such imposition of tax shall constitute the Indians citizens, and they shall thence- forward be entitled tlall the priviliges of other citizens, and there- after be barred of special representation. SEC. 9. In addition to other crimes and misdemeanors for which an officer may be impeached and tried, shall be included drunkenness and other dissipations; incompetency, malfeasance in office, gambling or any conduct detrimental to good morals, shall be considered sufficient cause for impeachment and- convic- tion. Any officer when impeached by the Assembly shall be APPENDIX. 399 composed of the counties of Nassau, Duval, Baker, Bradford, Clay and St. Johns; the 5th judicial circuit shall be composed of the counties of Putnam, Alachua, Levy, Marion and Sumpter; the 6th judicial circuit shall be composed of the counties of Her- nando, Hillsborough, Manatee, Polk and Monroe; the 7th judi- cial circuit shall be composed of the Counties of Volusia, Brevard, Orange and Dade. SEC. 4. The salary of the Governor of the State shall be $5,000 per annum; that of the Chief Justice shall be $4 500 ; that of each Associate Justice shall be $4,000; that of each Judge of the Circuit Court shall be $3,500 ; that of the Lieuten- ant-Governor shall be $2, 500 ; that of each Cabinet officer shall be $3,ooo. The pay of the members of the Senate and House of Bepresentatives shall be $5o per annum, and in addition thereto ten cents per miles for each mile traveled from their re- spective places of residence to the capital, and the same to re- turn. But such distances shall be estimated by the shortest gen- eral public thoroughfare. All other officers of the State shall be paid by fees as per ditem fixed by law. SEc. 5. The Legislature shall appropriate $2,oon each year for the purchase of such books for the Supreme Court library as the said Court shall direct. SEC. 6. The salary of each officer shall be payable quarterly upon his own requisition. SEC. 7. The tribe of Indians located in the southern por- tion of the State, and known as the Seminole Indians, shall be entitled to one member in each house of the Legislature. Such members shall have all the rights, privileges and remuneration as other members of the Legislature. Such members shall be elected by the members of their tribe, in the manner prescribed for all elections by this Constitution. The tribe shall be repre- sented only by a member of the iame, and to no case by a white man : Provided, That the representatives of the Seminole Indians shall not be a bar to the representative of any county by the citizens thereof. SEc. 8. The Legislature may at any time impose such tax on the Indians as they may deem proper; and such imposition of tax shall constitute the Indians citizens, and they shall thence- forward be entitled totall the priviliges ofother citizens, and there- after be barred of special representation. SEC. 9. In addition to other crimes and misdemeanors for which an officer may be impeached and tried, shall be included drunkenness and other dissipations; incompetency, malfeasance in office, gambling or any conduct detrimental to good morals, shall be considered sufficient cause for impeachment and-convic. tion. Any officer when impeached by the Assembly shall be APPENDIX. 399 composed of the counties of Nassau, Duval, Baker, Bradford, Clay and St. Johns; the 5th judicial circuit shall be composed of the counties of Putnam, Alachua, Levy, Marion and Sumpter; the 6th judicial circuit shall be composed of the counties of Her- nando, Hillsborough, Manatee, Polk and Monroe; the 7th judi- cial circuit shall be composed of the counties of Volusia, Brevard, Orange and Dade. SEc. 4. The salary of the Governor of the State shall be $5,ooo per annum; that of the Chief Justice shall be $4 500; that of each Associate Justice shall be $4,0o; that of each Jodge of the Circuit Court shall be $3,500 ; that of the Lieuten- ant-Governor shall be $2,500 ; that of each Cabinet officer shall be $3,ooo. The pay of the members of the Senate and House of Bepresentatives shall be $5oo per annum, and in addition thereto ten cents per miles for each mile traveled from their re- spective places of residence to the capital, and the same to re- turn. But such distances shall be estimated by the shortest gen- eral public thoroughfare. All other officers of the State shall be paid by fees as per diem fixed by law. SEC. 5. The Legislature shall appropriate $2,ooo each year for the purchase of such books for the Supreme Court library as the said Court shall direct. SEc. 6. The salary of each officer shall be payable quarterly upon his own requisition. SEC. 7. The teibe of Indians located in the southern por- tion of the State, and known as the Seminole Indians, shall be entitled to one member in each house of the Legislature. Such members shall have all the rights, privileges and remuneration as other members of the Legislature. Such members shall be elected by the members of their tribe, in the manner prescribed for all elections by this Constitution. The tribe shall be repre- sented only by a member of the same, and d no case by a white man : Proved, That the representatives of the Seminole Indians shall not be a bat to the representative of any county by the citizens thereof. SEC. 8. The Legislature may at any time impose such tax on the Indians as they may deem proper; and such imposition of tax shall constitute the Indians citizens, and they shall thence. forward be entitled tolall the priviliges of'other citizens, and there- after be barred of special representation. SEc. 9. In addition to other crimes and misdemeanors for which an officer may be impeached and tried, shall be included drunkenness and other dissipations; incompetency, malfeasance in office, gambling or any conduct detrimental to good morals, shall be considered sufficient cause for impeachment and convic- tion. Any officer when impeached by the Assembly shall be  deemed oundee orrest, aedoshallbe disqualified front perfeetming aof the dtieeeof hit effieeuntiliacqitted by theSenoce. Buteonyefficeeoimopeochedand in areseteecy demtand hit triat by cte Senote w-ithin tee dope froem the dote of hit imopeoch- SEC. to. Thtofottocwiegetohalbheloathofoffice for eoch offier in the Stoe, ieciodiegemobersof theLegtioltoe "I do toiemnlyiseareoehatltIwilleopporc, potect ocd defeod the Coo- stitotion oed Goeretc of the Ueited Stotes, oed of tho Stote of Fliorida,oagainstoalieeieso, domesticor foreign, andthattI oitiloertrefoith,iloyoityeend altegiaotheeoone,oendthot Octm eocitlod to hold office oedoer chit Cdotitotion. Thot I wcill mcell ood foithfolly pectoecm ollicedociecof the offoool -- wohichIcamocoooto ente: otthetpomefGed." Ste. ccI. The Legislotore maoy provide foe cte dlonatioe of the puhiic cende to octoal sectlere. Bet soch dootion sholl not exceed onehundredoendoityacestoacy one peon. SEC . c2. All coontp officees tholl hold cheie respectie offices ottite ceunyeeepteoofctheircoetie. Soc. -t3. The Legielotuee tholl peovide fee cte opeedy poh ticoiocolletatutesoondioawsof geerl nature. Allidecisioes othe Sopree Court, end oil laws ood jodiciel decisonos tholl ho foe foee pohlicotion hy any perscn. Bot 00 jedgmtont of the Supreme Coert shatl cake effect aed he opetive ontil the olpinionof the cocuec in sochoa coot shaltbe Siled wich theeclerkhef saidot. SoC. t4. 'ihe Legislotcee tholl not create any office, the teenm of echich sholl he loeget thee four years. SEC. 15. The Goerenor, Cahinet cod Suircme Ceerteshell heepetheieofficeotctheeocof Goee ento. Butcinecoseof ie- caio orciolent epidemicethe Goveenoe coy die ct that the oices of the Goveernment shallihe removed cteporarely toom othee piece. The sesseioe of the Legislacure mcay he odjoered forethetsmc ausooe tosoentherplace; hot inosuchcose of to. movol, oil the Depooctmente of the Goveornment ehall ho reoveod en one ploce. Buteocheremeooal tholl not contine loger thee the necestity foe the tome eholi eocone. SEC. 0t. A ploeality ofvotes given occan election by the people tholl conetitote o choice wehen not otheroise provoided foe ho chit Conetitotin. SEC. t7. The teem of the Stote officees elected at the fleet election undee this Constitution, net othoetwise peevided foe, shall continue until the fleet Tuesdoy of Joeooey, A. D. x873s, and nntdl the instollation of eheiresueccesec, exepvting the mem- hees of the Legislatuee. Sec. aS,. Eaehenountypondineoepoeatedcityeshall mahe po- 400 cPPENDIX. deemed under orrest, cod tholl he dieqoolified feeom pefoeming onyof the dtiesofhisoffientilcuited hyethedenote. But any officeresoimtpeachedoandin orreestotoydemcond hit triol hy the denote toithin ten dope feomo the dote of hie imopeoch- SEC. to. 'Thetfollowingtshollhetcheothof office foe took offitee in the Scote, includintg membeet of the Lefitoeo "I do solemnlyetweoe thatcItwillsppo,poect and defend tce Co- etituccon oand Goereet of the Ueiced Scoccs, end of the Scoce of Floridaofoaint oll enemoiee,domestic oreforeign,oandthatlI wilhlo eatre faith, loy'otyyond ollefianoceotleeesate,andcthat It ac etitled to held offioce undee chit Conscicucion. fleet I mill ,ell ond foichfully perfotet olithe dociesof the oieof -- which I m co utcto entr:tsohelptme God." SC. ccI. 'TheLegislature emoyprovide for See donatioe of the puhlic loods to accool settlets. Bet ouch denation eholl noeeced onehundredoandcixtceseto aoeperso. SEC. to. All coonty officees tholl hold theie teopectio c effiet atcthe counctosetsof teircountie. SoC. 13i. 'Ike Legislature tholl provide fee tho speedy pub- licioofllstatuese ondlawseof genoeralnture. Allideoieions oc the Supemoe Coort, ond oil lone ond jediciol decisonsc tholl he foe free publicion hy any pereon. BSecno jedgent of the Supeeo Court sholl toke effect ond lee opeoative untl the opinionofthe court inosuckacaeeshallhbedfledoithcteoclerkcof sold court. SEC. to. The Legisloture sholl cot create atty office, the termt of tehich shall h beoget then feet years. SEC. c5. The Gootonot, Cohinec cod Sueime Coutethell keepetheie officeeoateheseaoflGoernmtee. But inccsetof it- vainoiolent epideceicec-he Goernor moay direct that the offices of the Goerneont shallihe removood temorariley tocom othee piece. Tho tetsion of the Logielacure otoy he adjoutned foretheesamecaeo oeotheoplace ;hbetinschceeofre moaall the Departetse of the Governmoent tholl he remocod toonepece. Bntsuchoremovalcshallnoc continue longethan the necessitypfoe theesameoshall continoe. SEc. I6& A plurolity of otet given at on election hy the people tholl coectitnee a choiot wohen cot otherwiee provided foe ho chit Conetitotion. SoC. 17. The teem of the State officeet elected ac the fleet election undee thie Conetitution, not otherweise peovided foe0 shall continue until the fleet Tuesday of January, A. D. t873, and until the installation of theieenuccesenrs, excep~ting the mem- bees of the Legislatuee. SEC. sib. Each ceounty and incorpoeated city tholl makce pen- 400 000ENDI0 deemed undee atrtec, cod ehall he diequalified froto perfoerming anyeofthe dtiesofhioffie nilcqted by the Senate. Butany officeresoimcpeachedand in crestocay deocnd hit teil by the Senate within ten dayt freo. the dote of hit imptoch- SEc. to. 'fhe followcingtshallb he boathhof officefor tool, officer in the Stace, icluding membete of the Ltgcstioce "I do solemnly seareothat Il support, prtectad defend tfelor- ecicotien end Governent ti the United Staes, cod of the Scae of Florida, against oil enemties, domtettic or foeign, and thot I twill beet true faich, loyalty and allegionce to the osace, and thee co amoetitled to held office uodee chic Ciostitution. That I will eilload fithflly performoall the dutieoofthe office of- - which I Oct aoot to enter: so help mce fled." Scc . The Lefielture tmay provide lee the donation of the pubhlc lads to occuol tectlere. Bet such deeaoioe shoall noteceed one hundredoandixtyyacres teocaye pero. SEC. to. All councy officers ehall hold theirerespective offices at the county seats of their counties. SoC. 13i. 'The Legielatue tholl provide foe tife seedy puh- lication oflltaotutesand lawsofgeerl notuee Allideciscons of the Sopemee Court, and oll lent aod judicial dooioiooc tholl ho foe free publicocion by any peteon, Butceo jodgocent of the Sttpreme Coutrt shell coke effect cod he operacice until the opinon of the cout in tech a case tholl to Siled with the clerk of taidocourt. SoC. 04. 'the Legislature tholl neot ceate any office, the teet of which tholl he loeget thee foot yeart. SoC. c5. The Goceror, Cahinet cod Suemece Court tholl keepctheireofficeeoatoheseatcof Govteonment. But incaoeeof in- 00io orciolect epidemcsethe Governer coy dirctc chat the officeecof the Governentoshallhbeteoved temoporaridy teosoe ochee piece. The tetein of the Legitlatee mcoy he adjoutoed foretheeoameeoauset oe otheplce;hbut insuch caseof ro- moial the Depaectoente of the Goernmtent tholl he reoved to one place. Butsucheremovl tholl cot concinee loeget thee the necessitp fee the tome shell conttne. SEC. tf6. A plurality of votes given t an0 eleoction hy the people ehall constitute o choice wohen not othercise provided foe he chit Constitution. SEC. 17. The teem of the State officers elected at the Secst election ondee this Conoticution, net otherw'iee peovided foe, shall continue until the Secst Tueeday oh January, A. D. t1873, and until the installation of theie succeesoes, exceptcing the meet- been of the Legislatuee. SEC. 1B. Each conty andinopoatedcity shllcmahe po-   JOHNATHAN C. GIBBS. JOHNATHAN C. GIBBS, JOHNATHAN C. GIBBS.  v'isiontforethesupportsoi its o officers, sobject to suhegl- ttonstatstaybepescibod by las'. Esch soonty sholl mttob pr'ovisionor le'uoilding coost-botose sod jail, sod fotbkeeping the sametitogood repair. Soc,. of at tthsemting of theSenateoat any session tist Liootoooot-Gos'eso hos sot quoliboed sor is sot present, tbo Ses- atshsil eeconofsismemesh as temtporaryPreidet before proceediog to ethos bssiooss. SC. to. Tbo Logitlatuto shall ot ohs Sirst sssion odopta seal forth sStae, aod such soal sall be tbs siot of the Amei- canssilcet dollar. Bu adsa hl o aanb hne fe its odoption by slss Logitlasts; sod tbs Gosernorsholl, by bis ptoclootatio,oaonouoce tbotthsid solhsbcome tbo gret tool of the boots. Soc. o2t. Tbo Gssesnot, Lieuteoant-Gooerno, osd oil tbe Statooffitotsoelettdby tbtpeople soll beoistaollodonthbsiest doy of the moeeting of tbe Legislotore, osd ittmtediotely asm tbo dotiet of shoit tespeotive offioss. SEc. o2. Tbe Govstnsr ond Lieutenant Goveror othbll hovo loesn, heost their electiont to office, ntine yeses o citizent of tbe Utnited Ssttts, osd thtoe yeares a sitioen of the Sltst. All othes officers sal boss bees oe yeas o citioen of lbs Stole, oatd .stxots a citioeo of tbeosoty lroot whbicb they seeslotted sor oppointed. No peson shboll So eligihle to soy office usless be be o registssed sotes. SoC. 23. The Gooteror or soy Stole sficeo is bereby pet- hihited froot giving certificotos of elocdotn or otbee teedentiols to soy perstos s boning boss elected to tbe Hoose of Representatives of the Usited Stoles Congreess, ore the United Stoles Ssnte, tsbo hat not been to peels a citizen of the Stots, osd nine yeossaoitienoof tbe United States, enda registered SoC. 24. The psopooty st oil corpsotios, twbetber heretsfoe sor beeoftereiscoepoted, tholl he suobject to tasatios, onless sch oepsoiosbe forelgist, eduoionaol, so horiteble poe- pses. SoC. 25. All hills, bssds, noses, ond evidences sf debt out- stondintgoand unspid, given fororeinoonidertiotn of bsndsors tresursy nstes sf the ss-coiled Csnfederote States, or nntes end bonds sf this Stote poidoandsredeemtable in tbe bonds ond nntes of tbhe Confederote States, see hereby deolored null and oid, ondnsotatin shallbemaintained theresn in tbe ourots stf this State. SoC. 26. It tholl he tbe dstty of tbe cosets tn consider that these it a foilure of considerotione, and it shall be sot held hy the 2S tisionsioretsspotsifitssoon offscets. subjec tosuc rsegula- tiosoootayhsepesibed by loss. Bosh soostysholl mnabo povisiss t building o cosot-hooto cod joil, ond foe ksepintg the Soc. sq9. If otoohemsetintgi o eSent t ony sssion the Liesieooos-iGosessoe hot sot qoolifid sor it 000 preet, the Set- ate shol lto neotof s mes behsos teporoyPssidet heost psoceeding so sohet busioss. SoC. 2oo. The Logislotoestholl st she Soost session odopta sealiforteSdtate,eand such sealshallbethetieofheAei- cot dittor dollar. Blutsaid tool shall set egoist he chasged ohter its odoption by toe Legislatue; ond the Gloverorsholl, by his prosclamatio,announcethatthe saidseal hashesome te great tool of the Stots. SoC. o1. Tiso Gocernor, Lieutenantt-Govero, and oil ohs Sltst officers eleoted by the people tholl be istolled son the fiest day ti the slotis5 of ths Legisiature, cod immsediately assumes the dotits of theieresopective offices SEC. so2. The Gooverore sod Lieutenatovseroshabll boot tesn, heost tireoletion to office, site yeors a cisizen of tbs United Stotes, ond those pests o oitizest of the Sltst. All oher offscets tholl boos been oe year a cioioen of the Stole, osd sit monsths a sidizeo of the ountly lrot which tbsp ore elected sor oppointed. No peson shaoil he eligible so asp office unless be ise o registered sotos. SoC. eq. TheoGoveroor sanyStatesoffier is bereby pes- hbited fros givintg cedtifoates of elisoor ther bedetials so asp peoson s hasing been slotted to the Hoose of Represenoativos of the Ustited Stases Congeess, sor the United Stoles Senate, wtho hot not boost to yeats a titizten of tbs State, osdsnineoyearsoo itient tithe United States, and a registed SoC. 04. The property st all Corporations, wobether heretofoe or heeafter incorporated, shall be subjet so taxation, unless such sorpoaiost be foe religious, educationtal, ore charitable pur- posts. SoC. s5. ASl bills, hoods, noes, and eoidences of debt out- standingeand unpaid, givensfororoinsconideation of bonds sor teasury noses ti the so-called Confederate Staten, ste nsttes and bonds stf this State paidoandeedeenmoble in the bonds and notes sfubs Cotnfedeoate States, ant hereby deolared null and void, and as action shall be msaintained thereon in the courots ofE this State. SEC. oh. Is shall bo the dstty stf the ourots to otsider that there is aefailure ofitonsidertion, andit shallibe so heldby the 25 vsionforesusppsoteofisosnofficsotsobject toschega- tionss mayhbe prescrihed hy loaw. Both countyshall makbe provsiin for hbidingoacourt-hose ond jail, ond foe beepintg tho SoC. s9. Ifotothemtsingsid toeSenateot any sossion ohs Lisuesooo-os.eroso bee not qualified ortis sot preseno, the Sen- ooeshallelctsoneofiostshebes astempyoroy Pesident beore proceeding to ethos business. Soc. 2oo. TheoLegistueshall at ohs fist sessisooadpt a seal fortseStae,eod susss loshall be ohs site of the Asei- coo dilver doletr. Boot soid tool shell not agoin ho chantged aftsr its odopton by stse Leogisiostor; sod ohs Govseror shall, by his prosclamatioaoucthabt thesidoselhsbcooe the geaot saobth State. SEC. as. The Goeror, Liestenot-Gsovero, sod all ohs Soate officers elected by ohs peopis shall be istatlled so the Soost doy of ohs meteting sobsth Legislasuoe, sod immeodiately assumse she duties of oheir respecsive offices. StE. 00. The Governor and Lieutenas ovesstsorshell bats loesn, heos their elestion to office, stins yeses a sitizen of she Unted Stases, and shots pesos o citioen of tbo State. All other officoos thoas ho bes one peso a citizen of the State, and sit msonths a cisioen of ohs ounsty fromt which they seeslotted sor oppoinoed. No peson shall heeligible so asp office ustless ho ito a registered sotos. SoC. 23. TheoGoverore oanty Stateoffiser is heeby pro- htibited iromo givng certificates of electiono there crodentias so any persont as havng hesn elected so she Hostse of Repeesetives sf ohs United States Congess, sor she United States Stools, wo has not been to years a silicon stf she State, sod stint yoes acitioen of ohs Unihed Stases, ande asegisted SoC. 14. 'lbs properoy st all ortporationts, swhethen heetosfore orohereafterinoporated, shall he subject to tsaxasiont, unleso suchbsoepoeatiosbe for elgios, educaionael, sosbcaitable pur- pses. SoC. 2o5. All hills, bonds, notes, and eoidencoes ofi debt ott- standing antd unpaid, givn foe orm inonsideration of bonds sor treasuey stes of the so-solled Confedetete States, ste asses and bonds of this State paidandeedeemable in the bonds and notes of she Contfedeeate Stases, see hereby declaed null and vstid, astd no aoction shagl be msaintained therestn in the sourts of this State. Sos. oh. It shall he the duty of the courts tn snsider that shee is a failsre otf osidertion, and it shall be an held by the 25  400 PEDX courts of this State, uou oil deeds or hbl of sole git-en for slovet with covenaost or oar-sooty of title or sondness, or both; sport oil bills, bonds, noses, or other ev-idetnces of debt, gis-en for or in coosiderotios of sloses, wshicdh ore non outstanding ottd onpaid. ond so action tholl he mnainied thereon; end oll jusdgoment., and drcrers ren-rderr-d insany of th cosurts tof this Store since rho sorb of Jar-cort, A. D. 186 t, uono oil deods or butts of soleo, upon ass- hood, bill, note, or other oe-idence of dolt booed uoo thr sal-cor por-chasr of slates, ore herehydeclored set oside,oond the plra of failore of cossiderotion tholl lito hold o good dofeoco insall actionsto said suit:and that whensonoyt-o stdue yr-svi. ous to tise s od, day of January, rb86s, cod ok-vsco stetc gies at cossideratiofosschtsoey,thsetshlltedoeeodofilue of consider-aries fur the deht: Petded, Thot settlomsssand comrpomiseooof such transoctioss maoelb3ytheltosties thto shall he respected. SoC. 27. All per-tess swho, as alieo coote, undr rho se- questratioacroftheso-clledConfedrteuonog'eos.ood son residentuof tleState, hadpropetysequesteredand soldbyeony per-son acting under a lan of she so-colled Cofoderato Stores, us she Store of Florida, subsequent to rise its of Jouaosy, A. D.x861, and pior-toutheitsrfJnuasry Sb5 shallhososenpon- ersrdtohfletahill ineqity in theCirt otsof the Ste, cod shall be eotitled to obtain judgment agaiotrs tho stato tot oil doss- ages sustainedbytaid slead detetooof roert. The coort shallsestiomate the damagr-topon te assessedtoaloation or thr property is question in thr ye0r A. D. t80 wtitret as sin per-ceont. froom she time thr owner was deprived of rho same. Sot all judgments agaist the Stare sholl he paid only in certifictes of indebtedness, redeemable so Store londs. Said certificates shall hr mooued by she Gotver-not, counter-sigoed by the Serttry of State cod by the Comptroller uou the dr-crco of the coast- Oral testimony shall he sufficient so establish she factI of asale hosing been made. Sr-C. 2S. There sholl he oo cit-il or ptolitical distincotion its this State on account of rote, color, or pset-soscooditionofs sersitude, aod the Legislature shall hate so power so prohihit- by law any class of persons oo ocr-oust of sate, color, or preesi- osonodition of servitude, to vote us hold any office, beyoud the conditions prescribed by this soostisison. SrC. 09. The apportrionmenr for the Assembly shall be as follows: Encambia, two; Santa Rosa, use; Waloln, orte; Holmes, one; Washingtoo, one; Jockson, three; Calhoun, use; Gadsde-n, 5tw5; Franklin, one; Liberty. oe; Wakulla, one; Leon, foue; Jefferson, three; Madison, Iwo; Taylor, one; Hoamilton, one; Sowanee, one; Lafayette, use; Alac-hua, two; Columbia, two; courts of this State, uon all dee-dseor-bills ofsals giv-enfor slaves with cuoaster or-sooraty of tidle er-scan doers, or both; uou all bills, bonds, noses, cr-ether ecidences of dr-br, gisen for-or-itt cosoideration of slates, which ar-s son cutstanding acd snpaid, and no ar-ties shall be maintained rher-sos and oil judgmtes and dcrees tendered in any of theourts of this Staresic h ith of January, A. D1. r86 r, apon alldeods or bibls oflsale, o. upon ass- bond, bill, note, us eother evideuce of det booed ayprs the sale or par-thaeeof slates, or-e her-shy declared set aside, and the plea of oailue of consideration shall lIo hold a good defesce insallbatiostosaid sit: andrltostrwhes ctoset-oaoodto rvi ous so the sorb day efJoacsay, 1861, cud obtoes crt given iu cosideration for-suchsmone-y, these shallibedeeoredoafailre of consider-aries fur she debt: Prts-sded, Thar estttlemto'rs acd comspromises of such tausottiens madebyshiie oar-tiesthro shall he respected. Sr-C. 27. Allprsonsswho, as alieo teetis coder-tho se- qor-strotior- act of the sr--coiled Confederose Cosge.it asd sew resident of te State, hadproperty squsteredoaod told by any per-sos eotn5 cadet a Ian of the so-clled Coofederaote Sr-ores, or-theStateef Flrida,sserquentr to rthe sorb of Jancary, A. D. rO86t, and prior to the it of Jouoy S865, shell be enipon- er-ed to ice a bill is equity in the Circait Coces Of she Stare, asd shall he entied to obtais judgment egoist the State for all dast- ages sustainedhby said sale cod dr-sr-ties of property. The court shtall estitmatethe damsagessupons tre assseds-alutsarn ofc the pr-sperry in question is she year A. D. t870, wits interss. ar sin per cent. fr-ot the dtie the owner s-as der-yr-Sd of she same. Sat all judgments against the Store shall he paid only in certificates of indebtedness, redeemable in brute lands. Sold certiicsates shall he issued by she Govrnor, countrsigned by she Secretary of Stare and by the Cosproeller, spec she decree of the court. Oral testimony shalt he sufficiest so establish rho fast of asale hosing hr-en made. SEC. aS. There shall be no cisil us political distinction i this Starr-os ar-count of race, color, or pre-ious condition oi servitude, and the Legislatoresrhall hate so poer so prohibit by law ony closs of pesonseon acceouofrace, color, sr-press- ous condition of nseritude, to s-ore or held any office, beyond the conditions prescribed by this soosrirsion. Sr-C. 09. The apportionment for the Assembly shell be as follows: Escambia, twu; Santo Rune, one; Walrus, orre; Helmet, one; Washington, one; Jacksons, three; Calhoun, use; Gadsden, twol Franklin, one; Liberty. one; Wahulla, one; Leon, fear; Jefferson, three; Madison, to; Taylor, one; Hamilton, use; Sowanee, one; Lafayette, oe; Alachuac, two; Colombia, two- coasts of this Store, upon oil deeds or bills efsal- gisen for-slates with cor-enant or warranty of title sor soundne-ss, or both; spurt all bills, bends, notes, us usher evidesces of dr-br, Sites for er-irs ronsiderotion of slates, which are nsworstanding cod unpaid, and dosaction shall he maintaised sheeresn; end all judgmesor and decr-eessrendererd in anysofrhc courtsofsthisdSate sinsce h sorhuof January, A. D. 186 r, ayes alldeeds as bills of salt, sc uou asy hood, bill, nuts, us odher evidence of debt booed uot the saleor prchaseof slaves, crs her-ebydeclred setsoside, sod she plea of faue of consideration sholl ie held a good defenoce ineall atiostosaid sit:andrlthatwhen iooe 'tvoos doe pei Ous so the sorb day of) asary, 1861, cod slaces were Sites is c-onsideration orsschumoney, these shall be deemred o fader-s of consider-aries for she debt: Protaded, That settlemssoand comrproemisssof suchrtrasaossmtde birteorieslthreo shall besrsytoted. Sr-c. o7. All per-sonssnblo, cas ed coni-uder tse e- usrto ct of the s-coiled Car-fed er-e Coo'seasi, cud non re-sidentof rtebState, hod properny sequetoered cod told by any person acting under a Ion of the so-tolled Coolederte Stores, orthe-Stateof Florida, sushequent to the r oth of Januasy, A. D). r8bs, cod prior to the it of Jansary. 5865, sacl he emspow- er-ed to Sile abill is equity is she Circuit Cct- of the Stare, aci shall hr enrtied to obtain judgment agoass rho Store tsr-all doss- ages sustained by said sale ansd detentsions of poier-ty- The court shallsestiomatethe damagesauponotressssdvaluaion of she pr-sperry in qoessionis the year A. D. t8o, withs interes, as sin pee test. Srons the tints the oner u-as deprived of the same. Bar oil judgments against the Store shall be paid osly in certificates of indebtedness, redeemable in State bunds. Said crstificats-shallhbe-issuedhby she Goeror, countr-rsigned by the Secretory of State and by she Comrller, upos she decee of the surs. Or-st testimosy shall he sufficient so establish she fast of a sale hoving hero made. Sr-C. 2S. There shall he no ciil or pitiicol distinction is thin Store us ar-count of race, color, or prevouscondition of ser-Souds, and she Legiature shall hate no power so prohiit- by law any class of per-suns on accouer of sacs, color, or previ- ous condition of servitude, so soe us hold asy office, beyond the conditions prescribed by this sonstiroiso. SE-C. 09. The apportionment fur the Assembly shall he as follows: Rscambia, two; Santa Ruse, one; Woalton, oe; Holmes, one; Washington, one; Jar-bsos, thee; Calhun, use; Gadsdenr, twol Franklin, one; Liberty one;u Waholla, one; Leon, fue; Jefferson, shee; Madison, two; Taylor, one; Hamilton, one; Suwanee, one; Lafayette, one; Alochua, two; Columbia, two;  APPEDIX.403 Bakes, one; Bradford, oneo; Nassau, one; Duval, tna; Clay, nt; St. John's, oae; Patnoan, one; Nation, tswo; Levy, one; Volusin, one; Orange, one; Brenod, one; Dade, one; Hillsbor- ough, one; Hoernando, one; Saumter, one; Polk, one; Munate, one; and Munson, one. These ohall be tenty-foun senoial distriuto, whbich ohall be ao follons, and shall be kowsn by skein respeutiveumbeos frsonm one to swnty-foot janclusive The berst snatoil disteiut shall be comosed of Esonoshin conty; the ucecod, of Sansa Rosa and Waon; tbe tbied, of Jackson; the bouretb, of Vdlosin and Wosbington; tbe fifth, of Calhoun ond Feanklio; obe sixtb, of Gadsdn; the sevensh, of Lihersy and Woakulla; sbe eighth, of Lom tbe oiosb of Jeffonson; the tenth, of Madison; dse eleventh. of Hamsilton and finnanee; the twelfsb, of Lofo-esse and Tanyloe; she thireenth, of Alabhua and ILecy; she footeenob, of Clumbia; the fifteenth, of Brandford anod Cloy; thensixteensh, of Bokes and Nasau; she sevenseenthb, of St. John's and Putonas; the tight- eeds,. of Duvco; tbe ninestenth, of Mariin: doe snen- tietk, of Volosin and Orange;theotwnty-fist, of Dade and Brecod; bhe tuenoy-second, of Hillsboeough and Hernanduotestweny-thoird. of fSmtee and yolk; she twenty- forth,of Manateeoaodlvlnoesndnechoenatorial distict skull be entitled tu one Sennor. hoC. 3o. No peeson bshl esves be uppointed a judge of she SupreetCourtooCiecuisCourtonhoisonota25yeas of age and yracticing attoeney. SoC. 31s. The Legislatune skull, on soon nouoneenilent, adopt a State emoblemt hoeing the design of the geat seal of the Stte impressedyponnawhite ground of sin feet tin inchesnfly anudsixsfeet deey. ARTICLE XVIII. Any anmendmtent on amnments to this Constitution stoy ho peoposed in ether heanuk of she Legislatate; and if the noose shall he agreed upon by a two-thieds note of nlt the msembets eleutedtoneachofthe twouhues, such proposed amndment on amenndmenssskallhbe entered on skein respectiee journals, weith the yeas and nys shoteon, and nefetred so the Legislatute then sent to be chosen, and shall be published Ins shree months sent yeeceding she timne of manking subh choice; and if, in the Login- latueoextsncuksen asoaforesaid, suhproposednamendmntor amendments shall be agreed so by a tno-thieds note of oll the memhers eleuted toeauh hous, thes is should be the nosty of APPEDIX.403 Baker, one; Bradford, one; Nassau, one; Duval, so; Clay, one; St. John's, one; Putnam, one; Motion, to; Levy, nt; Vousin, one; Orange, one; Beoed, use; Dade, one; Hillsbor- ough, one; Hernando, on; Sumter, use; Polk, one; Manatee, one; nd Mone, one. These shall he twenty-foursnenatonial districts, whkick shall he as follons, nd shall he bnoms by skein resctiveonumbersfrom one tostwonty-foureinclusoe. Thekeist oenoodl dissrics shall be omosed of Escumhin county; the second, of Santo Rooa and Walter; slhe skied, of Jackson; she fourob, Of Vdlosi and Washingoon; the fifth, of Calhoun and Frnklin; the sixth, of Gadodon; she secenth, of Libersy and Wakulla; sloe eighth, of Lo: tbe ointh of Jeffesson; the tenth, of Madion; oh e eleenth, of Hamsilton and Suwnue; the twelfth, of Lafayesse and Tnylor; she thirteentsh, of Alabbun and Levy; ohs foureeoo, of Clombin she fifteenth, of Bradford and Cloy; the sixteenth, of Baikee and Nossau; ohe seventseenth, uf So. Juhns and Pustnam; the night- enth. of Ducal: sho nineteenth, of Maon; sloe twss- diesk, ufi Vsdsin and DOrnge; the twnty-fist, of Dade mod Esecood- she twenty-second, of Hfillsoogh and Hernndo- she toensy-third, ofl Sumter and Polk;theotwnty- forth,nofMnateend o nruoe;ndtchsnoildistict shalt be entitled to one Senaor. SEC. 30. No person usul nuns he appointed a judge of the SupremesCsotsorCircuitCortwho is nut25yeas of age and psacticing attorey. SoC. 31. The Legislatone shnll, as soon no eonvenient, adoptStatsesemblem havingsthndesignof the grens sealuof she Sotateimpressednuponamwhiteground of sin feet tin inches fly nd dox feet deep. ARTICLE XVIII. Any amendment on amndmenss so this Constitution may be psoposed in eisber branch of she Legidlatne; nd if the name skull be agreed upon by a two-thirds vote of all ths membkers elected to eachnf thtwohoses,sch proposedoamendment on amendments shabe enseedon their sespectdee jounals, with she yeas and nays theneon, nd referred so she Legislatunesthn ness to beechosen, and skull be published Ion shrees months oeut preceding she dine of mahing sock choice; nd if, in the Legio- uauenxtcoe s aoresaid, sack proposed amendment on nmendmens shall be ageed to by a to-thirds note of all the membersnelectedtno chkhouse, thes is should he she alusy of APPEDIX.403 Baker, one; Bradford, one; Nassau, one; Duval, to; Clay, nt; St. John's, one; Putnam, one; Motion, to; Leoy, one; Volosia, one; Ornge, one; Beeod, one; Dads, one; Hillsbor- ough, one; Hernando, one; Sumtser, use; Polk, use; Manatee, oe; nd Monroe, one. These skull he twnty-furn senatorial diostricss, wshich shall be as folloon, nd shall he boms by theit rsective numberssfrom onestosueny-foureiclsie. Theinst senaorial diossrics skull ho composed of Eseombin contsy; fist sccond, of Sansa Roso and Woboon; she shied, of Jackson; the foureth, of Volein nd Washington; she fifth, of Cnlhnoun nd Frnklin; she sixth, of Gadsde; the sevensh, of Libenty and Stakollo; she eighth, of Lenin she ninth of Jeferson; ohs tenth, uf Madison; sthe eleventh. ofl Hannilton and finonnee; the twelfth, of Lufanyesse and Taylur; tho shirtentsh, of Alnhhun and Levy; she (ouenno, of Columobin: she fifteenth, of Brandfordnd Clny; she sixoentoh, uf Baker and Nassau; she Seenteenth, ofl So. Joke's and Putnam; the eight- eenth., of Dountl- she nineteenth, of Mariin; stse toes- diesk, ofl Voloin and (Ouange- she twnty-firtn, of Dade mod Bsecuod. the twentoy-second, of Hfilosborough and Hernando;-shotwooty-tird. of Sumter and Polk; she swnty- forth,of ManteeandMooe;oand echentoial ditict skull he ensitled so one Senaor. SEC. 30. No persn shall ecer he appointed a judge of tbs Supreme CourtsorCircuitCouro hs snot 25 years of age nd practicingnattorey. SuEC. 31. The Legislnature shall, as suns onvnet adopt a Stuse emblem hoeing she design of the great seal of the Stnte imprssoednponuaohite grondof sin feet tin inches fly mod dox feet deep. ARTICLE XVIII. Any amendmens on amendments so this Consitudin may he psoposed in silken branch of the Legislatuns; nd if ths same ohall he agreed upon by a two-thisds note of oll the membens electedtoeachhnfsthestoouss, sch proposedoamendmens on nosesdmensshallkbesenterednthir respsctie journals, wilk she yeas nd nayn skeseon, nd refetred to she Legisloture then sentto beuchosen, and shall be published lot otee months sent preeding ohs time of making snob ehoie; nd if, in the Legis- ltrnetc osn asufoesaid, such peoposed amendment mi amendments shall be ageed to by a two-thinds note of oil the members elecmedmtoeach house, thenki shoold be the ninny of  404APEDX the Legislate tosubmittsuchprposed aedmeto mend- metstoothe people inooch manner and at sach timse asthe Legislature msay prescribe; antd if the people slhall apptrove act. ratify such amtentdmtenttor amenedments by a majorty of the electsoes qoalified to ease foe memes of the Logitlatureevotingt sheeeon, suchaeendmtetotamoetdmts tholl becoete a poet of the Conttitotion. SC. 2. If at aop timte the Legisloate, by a cote of a m. jorityaof all the meombers elected to each of the ttwo houses, shall deterotine that it it necessary so caoseta revisiont at this ette Constitution, sach deteeetination shall ho enteeed 00 their to- spectiveejouretal,tithhe yeasaedttaysttheeon, cod refereed to the Legittatoe thee oext to he ohoseo, aod tholl be pobiliahed foe theee tooths neet preocedieg the timce of moabiog tech choice. Aod ifte the Legislature nest choseo afotesaid sch peoposed reiinshall he ageeed to bpaoojjoritypafal theomotbes elected so each house, then it shalt he the duty of the Legislatoe to reeommened tothe electorssof the neat electio foe meombees of the Legislate to sate foe or against aconeoa; aod if it shall appear that a majorty of the electosoatiog at soch elec- sian shall haveeeoted in favoe of calling a coneon, the Legi,- latote shall, at its next session, peovide by law foe a cosieosiost, so he holden withio tie mooshs afte the passage of each latw, and socheeoeeetioe sball consist oo eauohee of embees eat loot that both heanches of the Legislatuee. Io deseesiiag wchat is a moajoeity of the electoes eotieg at such eleetion, eefeence shallheebad to she highest numbhee at totes cat at ouch election foe the caedidases foe aep office oe 00 anypquestion. 404APEDX the Legislatureeteohubit each peoposed aeedtaentoramend- mentsstothe peopleinosuch mtaner and attauch time as the Legislatore etay peesceihe; and if the people shall appease aed eatify such amendsment oe aotendtents by a msajority of ste electoes qoalified to ease foe meers of the Legislatureevotingc theeeon, suchaendetoaendments shall hecomce a poet of the Coestitusion. SEC. a. If as any timte the Legislturee, by a vote of a eta- jorityaof ohl the msembers elected to each of the stwo houses, shafl deteeetine that itsis necessaep to catse a reevision at this enstie Constitution, each deeeosination ehall ha enteeed 00 their re- spective joernals, wisth the peat andenays shereon, ad eeferedt so she Legisltsae then ex teso be chosen, and shall he pablished foe theee montshs neext peeceding the simse ofaking tech choice. Aod iftosthe Legielatureextchosoenafoesaid suchpoposed reetisioo shall be agreeedtoby aomajorehyafalltheeeeleotod so each house, thee it shall be the duty of the Legislatureo reecommend to theelectreof theetselectionefor eberesaf she Legislatuee so vote foe or against aconenoiaon; aed if is shalt appear shot a moajoeity of the electoes vasieg atsuech elec- siae shall hate eased io favor of callieg aeaonention, she Legit.- lataee shall, at its teat session, peavide bp late fee a coneo, so he holden swishie tie toooths oboer she passage of sash lasc, ansdsuchconetionshall consist ofa nmbeefembers not lesstshoe bosh hranches of the Legislaste. Io deteemining what is a majoeitp of she elecsoes vtsing at soch election, refeeece shall be hadsto the highest eauehee of soles cat at soch election foe the candidates foe aty office oe aot any question. the Legislatureetossubtitsuchbpaposed amsenedtoramend. meeisssothe peopleinesuch maner and as such time as the Legislatue may peesceibe; anul if she people shall appease aed eatify such amendment or amcendments by a maojority af the eetoes quahlfed so vtc for memeet of she Legislturee vacing theeeon, suchbamendetoramedoens shall becaote a poet of she Coesststsiitn. bEe. 2. If at any limo she Legislatuee, by a sate of a eta- jorty of alltshe members elected to each of she sca houses, shall dotereine that itsis necessarp to cas a revision at this ensie Constitution, sash detemination shall ho entered 00 their re- spectiejournaals,withstheyeasandenaysctheeone,andefeed to the Legislatue shen nest so beochosee, and shalt he pubtlishted foe theee mts sees peecedieg the titme of msakieg sash choice. Aed iftethe Legislatue n001 chosea afoeesaid sash peoposed retisioe shagl ho ageeedstohbyamajoeityaofalthe memeselestc so each house, thee is shall be she daty of she Logislatue to eecommendstodse eleoseof the next elecsion foe metmbers of she Legislasure so sate foror against aaoenonae aed if it shalt appeae that a majority of she electoes votieg at sash elec- tian shall have soted in facoe of calling a oenteeioe, the Legie- lasoee shall, as its next session, prtovide hy lam foe a conettott, to he holdee wishie six moths oboer she passage of such lam, andsuchhconventioe shalltconsitofonumerf memersno less shoe hosh branches of she Legislatuoe. In deseeminiog wchat is a majotity of she elecsoes voting at sash election, eefereeece shall he bad so she higheost nombee of votes cast as such electioe foe she caedidates foe aey officeeeoo anypquestion.  -APP1ENDT1IX C. FLORIDA. MESSAGE FROM THE PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES, Ts-asriffisgpqpterr elatintgto poeedings in tde Stato of Floida.- May 29, z868-Rfrred to the Commetee ont Reono- struacton and ordered to be preitd.. To the Seteo and House of Ropeetotoe I tranoti to Congeess the accomopanying docuntento, wrhich are the only papers that have heent stthtmitted to mre relating to the proceedings to w'htch they eefee int the State of Florida. ANDREW JOHNSON. Washington, D. C., May o7, 1868. WASHtcctON, D. C., May 27, 1868. SIo toI comnpliace wihoaprovisio of anAct ofthe United Statet Congesos, entitled "An A ct suppletmentaey to an Act to providetomoeeefficitentgoveaient in therebeltState,"tIhave the hooor, as Presideot of the Constitutional Coovention of the Stote of Florida, hereewith to teot totyouacopy of the Cos- stitution framred aod adopted hy the conventios, and eatified bp the people of Florida at a duly authoeized election held on the .nth, 5th and 6th instant. Itam, si,Wihgetespect, your obedientteat, HORATIO JENKINS, JR., P'redent of the Consotitatioeal Conentione, State of Florid. His Excellency, ANoRcW JONSON, Prestdert of tde United Stateo. APPIENSDIX C. FLORIDA. MESSAGE FROM THE PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES, Ttranmettirrgpapoerseltaingtoprcedinys in Ode Stato of Florida.- May 29, r8d8-Rfred to tde Commnitee on Reon- steaotion and odeedto eprnedd.. To tde Seoate and House of Repesoentates I transmrit to Congesos the accotspanying docaments, which are the only papers that lwe hers subtmitted to tsr relating to the proceedings to Wnhtch they refer is the State of Florida. ANDREW JOHNSON. Washinttgos, D. C., May 27, r1868. WASHtNGTON, D. C., May 27, 1868. Ste toI cosmpliance witha provision of anAct of the United Stores Conresos, estitled "As Act supplestentary to as Art to provide atmore effictent governaent in the rebhel States," t hose the honor, as President of the Constitutinal Consesntin of the State of Florida, herewith to transtmit to youa copy of the Cos- titoition feasmed and adopted hy the convertin, and ratified hy the people of Florida at a dutly authorioed election held os the 4th, 5th cod 6thintant. tars, Sir, cith greaterespect, yorchedient servant, HORATIO JENKINS, JR., President of Ode Conotitutional Conetion, Stot of Forid. His Excellency, ANcRcW JOHNSON, .Preoident of the Unrited Statso. APPENDIX C. FLORIDA. MESSAGE FROM THE PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES, -Transmittingpaperse~atig to rocedis in tde State of Florida.- May 29, z8dS-Rfred to tde Comotttee on Reon- struon and ordeed to be pinted,. To Ode Senote and Houoe of Repeentatieo I transmit to Congrest the accompanying docausests, wrhich are the only papers that h~ve hers suhbtitted to ste relating to the proceedings en swhich they refer in the State of Florida. ANDREW JOHNSON. Washington, 0. C., Map 27, x868S. WASHtoceON, 0. C., May 27, x868t. StcR S n compliacroith aprovisionsof asActf the Uied States Congress, entitled "As Act supplesmentary to an Ant to provide a toe efficient goesaient is the rebhel States," I hare the honor, as President of the Constitutiosal Convesntin of the State of Florida, herewnith to transsmit to yoona copy of the Con. stituetion framed and adopted hp the convention, and ratified hy the people of Florida at a dusly authorized election held on the 4th, 5th and 6th instant. lost, st, th greaterespect,yourchediet sersant, HORATIO JENKINS, Jo., Pesident of Ode Constitutional Conv'enton, State of Florida. His Excellency, ANDREcoJOHNSON, President of Ode United Stats.  406APEDX CONSTITUTION OF THE STATE OF FLORIDA. We, the people of the State of Florido, grsteful to Almoighty God foe otr freedomt, inordee tottecuee its blessiogs aod forota moepeefect gooernentes, instritng domsticteattquillity, maie- sainisng public oedee, perpetustittg liheety antd gutarooteeitng equal cicil stnd politicsi eights to oil, do establish this Constitotioo. SECTONose. Alltmeosarehbyosatotefeeessd eqol,oandhave ceetain inalienahle eights, samong which see those of enjoyiog sod defending life sod liherty, acquiring, possessing sod protectiog peoperty, sod pusuiog sod obtainineg safety sod happiness. SEC. a. All politicsl pooee is iohereent is the people. Gov- ermnCs institoted foe the peotection, secueity sod henefie of it iie soad they hose she tight to shoer or amend the sme wehesneverthe pthlic.good eay eequiee it, hat the paeraot sl- legiancse of every citizent is does sohe Fedeeal Governmtos, sod opowee exists weith the people of this State to dissolve its coo- neesson therewoith. SoC. 3. This Stste shall eveetremsin a moemboee of the Amteei- csn Union; the people thtereofoa part of the Amoeeicsn nations andanysttemtpt feoo.whstevee souce, oreupon whatever pee- tence,to dissolvesaid Union, or to sevee sid natioo, ohall he eesisted weith the wholo powee of the State. SoC. 4. The eight of trisl hy jury shall heosecueedstosll, sod sosininiolstefoeer; but is sll civil casessajury trisltosylse watieed by she pseties, is the mansntee to he presceihed by losw. Soo. 5. The feee exercis sod enjoymoentof oil eeligious yes- (eosios sod wosehip oball foreer he sllowed is this Stole, sod opersonoshallhbeendered incompetentas aitsonaccount of his eeligios opinions; but the libeesy of conscience herehy securedsshal otbe so costruedstoajutifycetosessor peaotices suhveesive of the pesce sod safety of the Stole. Soc. S. The peivilege of the wt of habeas coepos shall sot he suspended, unless wehen is case of invasion oe reehellion the publio safety stay eequire its suspeson. SoC. 7. Excessivehsailshall oothbeerequired,norecessive floes imeposed, noreceuel or unsual punishments inflicted, nore shall weitnesses he unreaooably desained. SoC. S. All peesons shall be hailable by sffiientseies, unless foaptal offece whetheprofis eidentothepe- sumtption great. 406 CONSTITUTION OF THE STATE OF FLORIDA. We, the people of the State of Flotida, geateful 10 Alotigliti God forourefeeedomo, inordee osecueishlessings sod formsa moepeefect goveernmeot, insueing dsoestic tranqillity, moain-~ eaining public Oedee, perpetuating libeesy sod guaeanteeing equal cicil sod politieal eights to all, do establish this Constitution. SECTONss. Alloenoaeebyonatuefeeeand equal,and have ceetain inalienable eights, asmong wshichaeethoe ofenjoying and defendinghlfeand hhbeety, acqiring, possessingaad poecting property, sod pususingand obtainingosafety andhappieso. SoC. z. All political poee is inheent is she peoplc. Gsc- ernment sissiuted foethe pestectio,security andbenefitof it iie soad they hose the eight so alser oe amtend she sasmc echesesveethe pohicgoodsmayeeqieit, hot the paramounotal- legiance of eveeycitizenoisdueto the FedeealGoerenet, and so poweexcists twith the people of this State to dissolve itson necsion theewith. SoC. 3. This State shall evereeemaio ametmbee of the Amoeei- cansUnion; the people thereofa part of the Amterican nationo; and anyattempt fromochatevec ourece, or spot wohatevee pee- tence,odissolvecsaid Uoioooe to sever said nation, shall he eesisted twith the wohole posee of the State. SoC. 4. The eight of trial by juey shall beosecured to all, sod reematninviolate foeee; hot is all civilcaosajuryytrialtoayhbe waived by the paeties, an the mtasser sa be peesceibed by lam. SoC. 5. The free exercise sod enjoymtent of all religious pro- fession sod weorship shall forevcee be allooed is this State, sod noapersonoshallhbeendered incompetents aitess oa cun of his eeligious opinioso; hot tie libeety of coaoscience herebhy secured shall ass he so construed as so justify licentiousness, o peactices subveesive of the peace sod safety of the State. Soc. S. The peivilege oef the wreit of babe as coepus shall not he suspended, unless when in case of insasion or rebellion the public safety may requiee its suspension. SoC. 7. Excsssicehbail shall sot beoreqired, norexesv floes imosed, see cruel or coastal punishmoents inflicted, nore shall witnesses he uneeasoably desained. Soc. 8. All persons tholl he bailable by sufficienttsureties, unless forecapital offences when the proof is esvideas or the pee- smption gret. 406APEDX CONSTITUTION OP THE STATE OP FLORIDA. We, the people of the State of Florida, grateful to Alotighty iodlforourefeeedomo, inorederetosecure itsoblessings sod formsa moreepeefect governmenst, isueing domtestic tranquillity,man taining public oeder, peepetuating liberty sod guaeanteeing equal cil sod political eights so all, do establish this Constitutioo, SECTOsNs s. Allomesarebynature feeeandcequal, andhave cersais inalienable eighth, among wohichareethoseof enoying aod doeeding life sod libeety, acquieing, posseosing satd prosecting propersy, sod pucsuing andobtaininggsafetyand hapiess, SC. a. All political powoer is inhereot is the people. Gsc- eernment isinsituted forthe poectio, securityandhbenefitof it iie soad they base the eight so alter or amaend she sme whesever the pahbc.gosd mtayeqie is, hat the pacaotoal- legiasce of every citizen is doe to the Federal Goveersment, sod so poer exists wihh the people of this State to disoolve its coo- nection theeewttih. Soc. 3. This State shall ever emoain a mtembee of she Amteri- coo Union; the people etereof a poet of the Amterican nasison andtanyttemopt feomwhtevereourece, ocaupon wchatecee pee- tence,to dissolve saidUnion, or so tseer said nation, shall he tesissed with the wohole power of she State. gEC. 4. The eight of trial by jury shahl besecueedto all, sod remainttnviolate foeee; hot is all civilcases ajury tialmay-be owaivedbythe paies, io theannoeretohe presciedby law. SoC. 5. The free exeecise sod enjoyment of all religious peo- fession sod wtoeship shall fotever he allowsed is this State, sod so person shall he rendered incomopetent as a wcitness onsacount of his religios opioisons; has ste liberty of ooscience hereby secured shallonotbeocostrued as sojusify licensiosnessor peacsices subversive of the peace sod safety of the State. SoC. S. The peivilege of the writ of habeas coepus shalt not be suspended, unleso wchen is case of invasionor Orebellion the public safety stay eequiee is suspension. SoC. 7. Excessivebailshall not beerequieed, toe excessice floes imposed, noe ceuel or uousual punshments inflicted, nor shall Weitnesses be unreasonably detained. Sc. 8. ASl peesons shahl he bailable by sfficiensuroeties, unlessforecapital offences whenthe proolisevident orthe pe- soumption great.  SE. . No Ieao shallhbetredlfora ctapitalo tews crm.e ti aseto imeachmt, and i ase oft ThYlit hia e act,\ e t-t-iataintimeaafa,a ora-hichatbe Stat ael. atiath h consnta ofCngesi tie of pteace,. tat i ~sso petit larcenytander tha taguiatian of that Lagisit- Toeunes o l -rntanaaeindictmenat bpa ganjuy; and anatrtal batt out thet paatt actsad salailhaallowe-d t aaadldefendlitjtpersonalttithacounsl, ,in civ-ila,- tl~s. o prso shllbe ubjct o b twcepat an jeopardy zob a-iris aan t ,lf ntttt hat dtpaittd at life, lihertyate poetitltt~a atue prcssoat.: cot all patt ptapatt e an vthtttt justt ( -apenatt. tnnt il -.tthijtaabeintgaresponsilaorthetabusetofatahat rightandta ltawshlbpasd totrainta abridget theall- att aftpetctl at tae trets. Itt all trimaiaal prtt-secuttionst and ti Iattiatat fat- lie the trth ma at bgit t itt evidente to the juryatdiitshalltappartat tematter hagd a iellousi taut, bttt was pubished toragou tali ttetts, the patt--halll be at- qttitted ttrttxottttated. Stat. aia. Tha taaple sall tata the right ta assaembia to- gaetaer, ao atanatlt fat tae aommoaa goad, ao inatrteathair reapre- tatatiavet, aadaaopatitiaaatheaiagilaaaae foraaaadaatttaf greva- Stat. at. Alllawsaaataganeaalaaaaaalli hat ea aaaifaorm operation Stat. 13. Thta atiiitary shali ha sttbardiaate tat ciatii paowar. Stat. 14. Na saldiea ahaii, ia timte at peaca, ha tiaataaad it atp haaeexataptawithathaaaansaat aftthaaae aaaro ia tiateatf araaaateptin anaanter preatriedhbylaw. Stat. 15. Raptastatatit-at ahali ha appaetiaaed accatading ta popaiation, at we-ll at tap ha, hteataottshall hate tate that fatat Rapreseantatiae tor ateta that tat Retpesatativeatt the Atsetmhip. Stat, at. Noapersoallabhtimaprisonedaordt, atatapt it caseof frauad. Stat. a7. Nohbilafataiader, ortexpotfato tat, oa s imapaiaiang tha abligatiata at cotatst ahall ate ateh passad. Foreigteattwhotareaaorahoapheeaftehtbectme,hboa fide residets af the State. shail enjoy- the game arights it t- apac to posesaion, enjoy aaa tand inheritac af peoppatyp at tai-natie ancttaens. Stat. 19a. Neithe:- sltaverp tat tat tiatta aeavtuade, taitess tat the patishatent at atrime, shall tater ha ealteated inthais Stata. Stat, at- Tha rights at the peaple to ha secuare inthea ir SE( o Nat pataa -hallabetdfor a capa-al atatheatiat dieaatlaiatahaaaatiav aini aai e ria intm fwr ri hichhtha Stt aa ep.aiihttatatttattoCgess, iaaameaafpacet, and n cses f ptit arcny uderthe eguatio oftae Legila aiulit, o-tastent taan indtitmtta lat a adiuyatda ta--.N prona-l bet sujc eTit e pai tjeoatdt tato tae tattat offatnce, tat sall Ite taatmtalld iant titaltcasat ,o beaaatt h itnaant tat-elf.a aot- Ite dlapaaa at o late, lihetyp at propertyai ttueaapatiteasatotalaaattnotlsall pratea peaptert btake tahat just coatpeation. met nall sajtsa,hbeingrespaaailtafartha absofthat aight, anI aa late shall hbe patted to retain at ahridge tha Sb- tet afapeechl at atae trtss. tat aiil atriminal prosttattiats antd civtiatins oralbehtiheatruth ayalietgiaen int taidantatt the jary, tad it at ahall appear that the mtattat ctharead at libhellous it tate, hat aa athhishedforgood atth-s, tha ptartrshall ha at- qttedaorxonated. Stat, at- Tlat peaple shtall tata at tight tat asemblhe to- gether, taconsul tat te atommona goad, to intrutact theia reprt- Stat. atz. All lawsaoftagenaiaatre hall hatea autifoerm SECt. a13. Thaetmiltrp ahali ha subordinate to tati iter Stat. T4. Na talditer shall, it dta at petata, ha qartered it tapyhouta eaatpttwithtetoneto atheaawners, at ie atdfta teat, accept ha maeapescrtihad hp law. SEC. 15. Represetativea atshall ha appattiated atatteding to popuatitn, at ell at etap ha, hat at aotaa ehall hava morea that fatar Repretttave at teat that tat Representatica in the Aseeblhy. Stat, a6. Notpersonsallheiimprisoadfordheb, eatept it as at a atid. Stat. at- Na hilt o attiada,, at ta pat tata tat, at lat-a imapaiing the ohligationat at cotracts shall teer ha patsad. Foreigntetthoaaretttrawh ayeraaeattetbcoe,ba Sade ataidents at the Stata. -hail enjoy the saat rights it at- apace to patattita, ejapatent anad inhertiane at proety at nativeahorntcites. Stat. 19. Neithe- aveatyapoa tataitatat servatade, anleas tat the puishmtet at triea, shall eveat he ealeeted intahia State. StEt. at- The rights at the people to ha teatattin theit AI -NDX 4a7 SE . t\ pta-a"hal ,beahtriedfor a atat r athews Inamousacme.ta-ta iiaaesaofimeacahmentttadicatastoa aatataahkatp.aith atecaaeataabaongess, iatimaaatpeaaat, .di, attatofptit larcenya unaderteregulationaof tht Legisla. a~,ulsa ott pre triet ad~ anitmta bya gran juryate atd inan trat--at cor - at cue hall bat alloje- ta td tqat and efed iat so a nata a, ,taatl it tat unsel, asa iaaaaciila tat.s Noprs-sall siibje-at~ t lttbepa twi at tineohtpardy poe ty, ithaatlaetptatta-afltaw o stath-l pintatt peoperty ar a io.tlaaaaai ti enaaaya~a talil -tak aad i ithssni met nall tabjatataca aen at ataall tat the abueo atat a-ghtan anallawthall be pattad totrestrain at abred-a ab- eapa faspeech oraae preas. It allcrhmhnl prosetattions ted ciiaction, forhlbelt tauthatat hetivea ha eN ideaetttha jatap, atad it it shtall aparta athat the ma~atter chargad at lihellous at tre, hat wa, published fat gooda rtites, dte paty shall ha tat- quilteda-t-exona-ated. atat. at. TIha peoplet ahall baae ah rb ight to asstemhle to- gethe,tacnula rtheadacommonegood, to instruatatbairrepre- Stat, az. A4ll lawsofa geaeralanatr sall hat e atunittam operation- Stat, a3. the amihitarp shall ha tabtrdhate tadii pwr Stat, 14. Na saiditer shall, it tiame at peace, ha qateted it tany house exceapt withethe atatatof athleaowers, ate it timteof ware, excepa i annaereprescribhedhbylaw. SEat, a S. Raprteaetaticee ahall ha appattiatad tatattadiag to popultion, at attil at may be, hat at aotya ahail hate moret that tatat Rapteatentatites tat teat that ate Rapiatattative it the Atsemly. SEat, a6. Na perstn ahali he itaptiatned Pat debt, eacta an case at teauad. Stat. 17.No hilt o ataindee, at at past tatot tat, oats impairing the abligatitns at cotearacts shall ate ateh patted. Foreignesawhoae,torhoaheeateratcome,hbona Side reaidenta aftheb Stata. ahall eajoy the saat rights anre apact to poettita, eajaet tand inheritace at proety at ataivehaorntzensa. SEct ap. Neithatatalaverypnorhaaaluaaaservitude, anleta tat the paniahateat at creitme, shall tact ha toleated an this State. SaC. at. The rights aftheb people to ha secure ia thetir  408 APPENDIX. persons, houses and effects, against unreasonable seizures and searches, shall not be violated; and no warrants issued but in probable cause, supported by oath or affirmation particularly describing the place or places to be searched, and the person or persons and thing or things to be seized. SEC. 2. Treason against the State shall consist only in levying war against it, adhering to its enemies, or giving them aid and comfort; and no person snall be convicted of treason unless on the testimony of two witnesses to the same covert act or confession in open court. SEc. 22. The people shall have the right to bear arms in defence of themselves and of the lawful authority of the State. SEC. 23. No preference can be given by law to any church, sect or mode of worship. SEC. 24. This enunciation of rights shall not be construed to impair or deny others retained by the people. ARTICLE . n3UNDARIES. The boundaries of the State of Florida shall be as follows: Commencing at the mouth of the river Perdido; from thence ap the middle of said river to where it intersects the south boundary line of the State of Alabama and the thirty-first degree of north latitude; thence due east to the Chattahoochee river; thence down the middle of said river to its confluence with the Flint river; from thence straight to the head of the St. Mary's river; thence down the middle of said river to the Atlantic Ocean; thence southeastwardly along the coast to the edge of the Gulf Stream; thence southwestwardly along the edge of the Gulf Stream, and Florida reefs to and including the Tortugas islands; thence northeastwardly to a point three leagues from the main land; thence northwestwardly three leagues from the land to a point west of the mouth of the Perdido river; thence to the place of beginning. ARTICLE I. SEAT OF GOVERNMENT. The seat of government shall be and remain permanent at the city of Tallahassee. in the county of Leon, until otherwise located by the majority vote of the people. 408 APPENDIX. persons, houses and effects, against unreasonable seizures and searches, shall not be violated; and no warrants issued but in probable cause, supported by oath or affirmation particularly describing the place or places to be searched, and the person or persons and thing or things to be seized. SEC. 2. Treason against the State shall consist only in levying war against it, adhering to its enemies, or giving them aid and comfort; and no person snall be convicted of treason unless on the testimony of two witnesses to the same covert act or confession in open court. SEC. 22. The people shall have the right to bear arms in defence of themselves and of the lawful authority of the State. SEc. 23. No preference can be given by law to any church, sect or mode of worship. SEC. 24. This enunciation of rights shall not be construed to impair or deny others retained by the people. ARTICLE . UJUNDARIES. The boundaries of the State of Florida shall be as follows: Commencing at the mouth of the river Perdido; from thence up the middle of said river to where it intersects the south boundary line of the State of Alabama and the thirty-first degree of north latitude; thence due east to the Chattahoochee river; thence down the middle of said river to its confluence with the Flint river; from thence straight to the head of the St. Mary's river; thence down the middle of said river to the Atlantic Ocean; thence southeastwardly along the coast to the edge of the Gulf Stream; thence southwestwardly along the edge of the Gulf Stream, and Florida reefs to and including the Tortugas islands; thence northeastwardly to a point three leagues from the main land; thence northwestwardly three leagues from the land to a point west of the mouth of the Perdido river; thence to the place of beginning. ARTICLE IL SEAT OF GOvERNMENT. The seat of government shall be and remain permanent at the city of Tallahassee, in the county of Leon, until otherwise located by the majority vote of the people. 408 APPENDIX. persons, houses and effects, against unreasonable seizures and searches, shall not be violated; and no warrants issued but in probable cause. supported by oath or affirmation particularly describing the place or places to be searched, and the person or persons and thing or things to be seized. SEC. 21. Treason against the State shall consist only in levying war against it, adhering to its enemies, or giving them aid and comfort; and no person snall be convicted of treason unless on the testimony of two witnesses to the same covert act or confession in open court. SEC. 22. The people shall have the right to bear arms in defence of themselves and of the lawful authority of the State. SEC. 23. No preference can be given by law to any church. sect or mode of worship. SEC. 24. This enunciation of rights shall not be construed to impair or deny others retained by the people. ARTICLE . BjUNDARIES. The boundaries of the State of Florida stall be as follows, Commencing at the mouth of the river Perdido; from thence up the middle of said river to where it intersects the south boundary line of the State of Alabama and the thirty-first degree of north latitude; thence due east to the Chattahoochee river; thence down the middle of said river to its confluence with the Flint river; from thence straight to the head of the St. Mary's river; thence down the middle of said river to the Atlantic Ocean; thence southeastwardly along the coast to the edge of the Gulf Stream; thence southwestwardly along the edge of the Gulf Stream, and Florida reefs to and including the Tortugas islands; thence northeastwardly to a point three leagues from the main land; thence northwestwardly three leagues from the land to a point wes of the mouth of the Perdido river; thence to the place of beginning. ARTICLE IL. SEAT OF GOVERNMENT. The seat of government shall be and remain permanent at the city of Tallahassee. in the county of Leon, until otherwine located by the majority vote of the people.  ARTICLE 111. The owrstt of the gotvetrnmtttt of the State of Florida thall ho divided ittto thtee depatmtos, to wcit: legislatite, esecutioe, ansd judicial. atsd nso persons properly hetontging to onse of she de- ttartetttltshtt exsercise any funostiostaptrtaininsgto eitheratf the otheta. axcept inthose Lases eoprestly provided fos hy this Costtittions. ARTICLE IN". ht~s. t The legislative authority of this State shall he tooted is a Sesate and Atsoemhly, sohich thalt he desigoated the ''Legisla- toee of the State of Ftorida." aand the sessios theteof shati ho held at the teat of gotvernenott of the State. SEC. a The tetsioot of the Legislasure shatl he aeooat, the hort testions ontheoseoond Monayof Jan, A. D. t8h8, and shete- after on the fleet Toasday attoc the hirst Macday of Jattoass. comcmescicgincthe year A. D. t869. TheGovercor mtay as the sttics scnece she samce its extra session hy his protlaction. SEC. 3. The macshets of the Assemhly shalt he chasec hiensially, those of the first Legislassee on the herst Macday , Tuesday and Wednesday of May, A. D. 1868S, asd thereaftee as she fleet Tuesday aftee the fiest Macday ofNovembher cosmmec- ing swith the yeas A. D. 1ht0. SC. 4. Sesatorscshallhe chosec foe te teem sf lace years, as the sacme time acd plate as macshets of she Assembhly: Poos'ds'd, That she Senatoes elected at the first eletesicn from the seatorialdistricts designatedhby even ncmbers shall eacate their seats at the expirtioc cfstwc yeas, and theseaftes all Sac- atcss shall he elected fos the term of face yeas, so that one-half of shecwhala numhee shalt he elected hiennially. hoc 5. Sesators acd memhbers of the Assemshly shall he dale q-talihaed electoes an she sespectite ctoacties aisd districts which sissy reprtesent. fits. 6. Roth hase shall jadge of she qaalifitations, elsec- tions and seturosofitssoon msemhers, choose its owntoffiters, esceptsthe Prsesident of the Senase, determhnt the soles of fits proceedings,osnd may- ponst its membhersfot disorderly con doss, and. cwisis tecotscurrece of tsso-thirds at alt the mm besspresent.expel amseer, SEC. 7. Eathee house, daring ste session, may panish hy APPEDIX.409 ARTICL.E Ill. The apoawets of she gacteontent of the State of Florida shall he disided inothsieet depatments, to scits legislatise, exesusive, aod jodicial, ad 00 petson properly helosging to oat of she de- patmentstshallexaerciseanyfunoctions apetaining so eithee of she others. assays an those Loots exprssly provtidad for hy tis Costitutison. ARTICLE IV. Sc. s The legislative authortiy oflshis State shall ha coested is- a Senate cod Assembhly, whsich osall he designated she 'egisla- sass of the State of Florida," and she sessiocs thereof shalt ha held at the seat of gosernmeot of she State. SC. a The setsiloss of she Legislature shall he ansoal, she herst ssinonthe second Mlonday of June, A. D. 18h8, and thsese- cat cc she Sarss Tuesday oftes she Sarss Monday of Janary,- commsaeing instheyar A. D. 1869. The Goerncor may as she intesim toccata she same in estra session hy his proclamstdon. SEC- 3. The membhers of she Assemhly shalt he chosec hiecnially, those of the Sarss Legislasuon ccthe fiess Mosda% , Tuesday cod Wedcesday of May, A. D. 1868, and theeahtee 00 she hisssTuesday after she herss Monaday of Novecmher commac- ing wish the yeas A. D. 1h70. SC. . Senatossshallhbechosensforthe termcocflour yeas, as the scott time and plate as smembhrs of the Assembhly: Fr-ideS, That she Senatoss elected as she first eection fsrom the senatorial districts designated hy see numhers shalt tacate tsiri seats at the espirasion of tsso yeas, and thereaftar all Sec- ators shalt he elected foe she seem of foss yeas, so shas one-half of thec-holo saamhes shall ha elected hienially. SEC 5. Senasors and macshets of she Assembhty shall ha dolt t1-talihaed elecsoes ic she respecsie counsies a .nd districtssswhich they reyresent. SC. 6. Roth hase shall judge of she qalihhcaticns, eles- tionsandaretacos of itsows smembhers, Chtoose its owno fficess, exceptsthelPesideot of the Senate, dessermine she soles of its peoceedins, and stay pusish its macshets foe disorderly con- does, asd. swith ste cocurence of twoa-thisds at alltshe cssc- hers psesect, espel a meera. SECs 7.Raihershouse, during tte session, may punish lby ARTICLE Ill. 409 The yassees of she gaoveaomeot of she State of Flotida shall ha divided ianto stsree deartotents, to wcis legislativ, exesutite, and judisial. andnoypersynpoperlyhbelongisg to ooeoftheade- partmnts hall xer s a osuictsos appyertaining so tithes of sthe ashers. esseyt isn those sases esyressly patovided foe lay stsis Caocstitutiona. ARTICLE IV. 5cc. s The legislative authority oflshis State shall ha costed is, a Sesate and Assemhly, whsish shall he designased she "Legisla- sass of the State of Florida," aod she sessions theeof shall ha held as she seat of govesomens of she State. SEC. a The sessions aftho Legislatue shalt he annual, the hers, sessions onotheecondfMtonday of Jun, A. D. 18h8, and tere- after os she hirss Tuesday aftas the herst Macday of Jaccoes, commencisgic she year A. D. sM69. The Goernsoe stat as she stticonsene she tame is extra session hy his proclamsassos. SC-. The membhers of she Assemhly shalt heachoseo hiecnially, those aftshe herss Legislture cc she herss Mosday, Tuesday and W~ednesday of May, A. D. 18hS, asd shereafter 00 the herst Tuesday after the herss Monaday of Novembher commace- hsg misS she yeas A. D, s870. SC. 4. Sesasors shalt he chosanfo toe t eem of four yeas, as she taste time and plate as csmhmbes of she Assembhly; Provi'ded, That she Senators slatted as the herst alectioc feocs she seatotial districts designatsd hy aces numbhers shalt sacase thesirseass atthe expirationcofstwo years, and thereafter all Sea- asoss shalt he elected foe she teem of face yeas, so that oct-half of thecwhola numboer shall he electedt hiennially. SEC 5. Senasoes asd memhers of she Assembhly shall he dole tq-tolihsed elecsors is sthe rssective counties caod districsschich titeysepresent. Sos. S. EatS hoose shall judge of the qalihicatiocs, elec- tionssand returnsoofitsaowscmemhes, choose itsscown officess, esceptsthe yresideoos atshe Senata, destesminetshe soles of its proceedigs,sondcayypunish ismembhesfordisodely cccn does, asd. cith sthe scnurense at two-thirds at all she m hetsysreseot. expelta macsher. SC. 7. Esther hsouse, duriog she sessioo, may pons ty  imcpiomet any person oot a memober who thall have keen goilty of disotdetly tor coteoptus conduct incitspesence, but such impeisoonment shall not eoteod boyood tice fooal odjooto- mentof the sesion. hoC. 8. A otajority of each housetshll cotitutcoeoa fuoec to do hosioecs, Sot a comaller ocotber tooy odjooro fromo doy to doty, aodomay cootpel ttho pteece of ahcsetcoemhert, io coch man oadctiodertouch peoaltiesctsechc hoote otoy ytoetibe. SEC. 9. Any peetoe whoostall becooicced ofetbettle oceot or defalcation of thte funds of te State, or of haviog giv'en or offeed abefetoecuroehistelectionortppoinctmentto office, oreofthaviogcreceivodotobibotcoid itce pocreeot of office foe coy othot petsoo, shelt be disqoalified feoto holdiog coy office of honot, profit ot trutt inothe Scoce; aod tho Legitlatcte shatl, ossoon as prctcable, yeocide bf law fot the pooithmoeot of toch emobezzlemoeot, defelcation, cr hetbery, at a felony SC. to. Each house shll keep a journael of its own pro- ceediogs, ohich shlcel be poblisked, acnd the yeat cod nays of the oteombestof eitherehouseooey questionoshal, ot the desiee of attythreeomembhers preenet,kbeeoteeedoothe jorool. SEC. t t. the dooro of each hocse tholl he kept open dotr- ittg is session, exceftt the Seocte while cittiog ineectv cessot, cod neitherethall, oitkoot the coestooof the otkee, ed- joote foe mooe thee thee days, or to coy othee towne thee that ie which they tecy he holding thcerccesion. SoC. cc. Any hill otey oegioece in eithee hocse of the Legis- lateee,condaercheiogyotssedino o usocecy hecameed io the othec. SoC. tq. 'The eoccting clacse of every fete thell he cc fol- lowst " The people cf the State of Floeide, repeesented io Sen- ateodAecbly, doceactas folows:" SEC 14. Eock Ice' enacted io the Legislature thall ecehrace hutoneteujectandoctteryopcrlycconeced theewoith,ohich sobject theft toe heiefly eopessced io the titlecod no law chefl he amoended orcevised hyefeece to its title only, hot inetuch casc the Act at cevised, or section as aoceoded, chell he re-ee- acted eed puhlished at length. SEC. t5. Everyhdll chalef head hycsectionsoo threeevc- eraldayscinoeachhouse,ouness in ece ofemtegecytwo-thirds of the houseceherecsuch hiltay he peediog theft deemoit ec- yedieot to dispente with thic rcle; hot the reediog of e hill hy sctions 00 itt feeal pescage chefl in 00 cece ho dicpensed eitk ; cod the vote onothe heeal passege of eery bill orjoint tesolution shal etaenbyhyeasandenas-, to heentcred on the joccnaetof each houe, andeacmjoeitp ofcthetcmkber preoct inech house shalltbeoecceayto paeerykill orcjoint resohution; andeall iictyiottientttayypersoo eot a meomher oho chefl hece heen guidty ofdisordely oreconteomptcousconduct ioits preeceehut sutch iompriomotothaflet eoteodhbeyood tefcnalcdjoen- oeteothesessiont. SEC.S. Aomajoityofoeach houseshallcoondtittecaqorum to do hushness, hot a smaler nuoee moay adjouro feomo day to day, od may comepel the preence ofoabseot ocomohee, in such Maneroeandtndeoschypenaltiestaseach house omcy preceihe. Soc. 9. Aoy yeron ewho hale convcted of oeohezzle metor defalcation of the conde of the State, or of hotiof gicen oe offeredchebibce toteccehiseectiooeapoitmceotto office, oreofhaviogereceivedhebihe tocaid iothe yeroceotet of office toe coy ochee peeson, theft he disqcalfied froec holdiog coy office of hoore, profit cr trust oc he State ; cod the tegislacuee theft, as s0o0 00 practicahle, yrocide hy law toe the puoishot of tech emohezzleomeot, defolcation, oe hribery, es e felony SC. to. Each houseshalf keep a joucoal of its oon pro- ceediogs, ohich shell he pohlished, accd the pets cod oayc of the ocemers of eithee house on coy questioo thalf, cc the detie of aoytheecemers pceete,hbeenteredonthe journa. SC. cci. The dooes of etch house ohell he kept open doe- inf itscsessioo, ecceyc the Seoace ohile sitding ino ececutive sessoo,ondoeiheeshall,ceichcotthe coosont of the oche, ad- jouro foe more thee three deyt, oe to coy otheetownothenthat in cwhich they eccy he holding checresseon. SEc. cc. Aoy hill mcay oegiecte inecithee hoose of the Legis- lturee, aodcatceh eiogypassedinonoehooseomay he aoceeded in the ochec. SEc. c3. The eoactiog clecse of eeey etc shell he cs fol- foe-c, -'The people of the SteofFoid,epeented inde- ate cod Acseombly, do eoact at follows: SC t4. Eoch fetE encted in the Legislatuee sheft eomhrace hot oesuhjectcondmate popedycoectedheewith,ckih sukjeot chalef hcrkefly epressed ie the tite, eod no fee theft be aencded oe reveiced hycreference to its tite oofy,kc bujesco case the Act as reviced, or sction as aencded, theft he re-en- acted cod published et length. SEC. c 5. Ev-ery hill theft he teed hy tections 00 three sev- eraldayscinoeachhoue, uotess in ece ofemergency two-thirds of the house cehere tech bidl ocap he peodieg chefl deem it e- pedient to dispense ewith chit rule; hct the readiog of a hilt hy secdiosoneictsnlpassagecshal in no casehbedipeedcwith ; and the voeonthe feetl passage of every biodr ejoint resoltion shefl he takenhy yeasandonays, to heceoteed onthejeeortc f ech hoose, endeaemejorityof theccehbers preentinech house chefl he neceayto passeveryhd bilrjoint resoohtion; andell imisonmeoteayeonot a eberho eke ohalf hace heen ftilty of disorderly or contemcytuous conduct in ito yreeece, hoc sochimcpriconet chefl not exteed heyond dtcheenl adjourn- ocent ofthe sossion. SECc.8.Aomajoityf ech hoechallocsitteccacqeomto do buosiesc, hoc a tomaller nuer mop odjoure fcome day to dcc, andtmay cometcheypeence ofehset eeres, in such maeeereandoonderouchypeeklieo ech houce may preceihe. SEC. 9. Aey yerton who chefl he concicced of embhezzle ccn o defacation of the fuods of the Scace, cc of heving gicen ooferedeahreitoescueielcior pointmentttocffice, oreofhavingfecicedchebieoidinhepocreen t of office lee oey ochee percsct, shel he dicquelified froom holdicg coy office of hoor, profit or trust in the State ; cod the Lefiolacure shelf, asec eco a praccicahle, procide by fete foe the yunichet of sock emchezztemenc, defelcecion, cc hriberp, ao e felooy SEC. co. Echhouseshall keep a journal of its ocee pee- ceedings, whkick ehall he published, accd the pees cod ncyc of the eberes of either hoose 00 coy question chefl, cc the desire of anyctheememhers present,hbeenteredeonche journa. SEC, ccf. The doorscof each houeeshell he kept open doer- itcg ice sesseon, exceyc the Senace wehdle sitting oneecuice setsoen,endneithershcll, wtihout theeecest of the other, ed- journ foe morce thee chee daypt cc to coy ochee toot thee chet in schich they ceep he kolding thei ccsescion. SEC. to2. Asp kill maey cegiecte in eicher house of the Logis- leture,eondcaferbeing pcsed inoehouceey heeomended in the ocher. SoC. 13. The enacting Cleuse of ecery fete shel he es fol- lows:." The people of the Scate of Florida, cepreected in See- ate cod Ascootbly, do eeact ec ffilowsc fee to. Eekh fete enacced in the Legisltcuce shell emkrece huoe subject and mater peepedlyeconnected teeithc, cwhick suhject chefl he briefly expresced in the tidlead no fete shalf ke aencded or recised bycrefeence to its titl onlyke buonsch caeethe Act as reveisedee scedon as aended, chefl he ce-en- cted and published et length. SEC. 15. Every hilt shel he cead by sectiocs 00 three tee- eraldayscineaeckkoue, unletc in cseof eergencyto-tirds efte hkoewheeechkdillcoy be pending chefl deem it ec- pedient to dispense with thic cole; hoc the reading of a hilt ky secdiots eo heefinl peccege chefl ino case he disyeoced withk; cod the voteonothe fleet pessage of every bildo ejointcesolutcion chalef htakenhy yeastandeeyo, cokbe enercedeonche jeoralof eachhouse,eandeaemjoity ofthemembers prcestinechkheouse shel keeneceesap to pess every kilt or joint restolucioc ; eed elf  bils orjointeseoeiey, s pasedshalli hetigneed by Thepesid- ingeoffte f hieeeie hoses, ad bythebSeetaryof the Sentate ad Clerkeof the Asseembly. eb. 6 'Ne moey shall be drawtn from the 'Treasury ex- eyt bytappropritittnettede he tee, ted tccurtetteel o the reeipts teed exenetditures of the yubit etoeec shall be te- tachedst adypublished wtte laws tpassed teeryeegla- ss iono the Legtslhtueee tyc 17lhe Legisltetts.haltc no t sseeiatler lltaw te anef the feillteing enumtetted ces: Thti te eay, eegtt- itetg the tteisdcteentanddtesef anytilasseftoffiees,eorfer the unihmet o crme r iisdetettee; regutlating she peac- eie fcut fjtevitding feor cttegingteeeof cit acrimtinel cases: grantnghtteorce;chegintg the nmso pesn;Ntteg rotads. teowe plats, streets, Piece aeel pttblic surs; tetemontg aedtetptelig gaedtsd petit juies endpreovtdingforetheirteomestieon t egulating ceunty, teoee- shipendtemtnicipal lotusiness;eregtttieg the eleetieeefeeutys te anhytd mteticipal efieet. fee the asesteet ted collecineofetaesforeStte, cetetyed mucipalPpeeet ptoidintg foreopetting and eedeetieg electos fee State, cont atdtmtnicipaleofficer, aeddeeignatengthe plaetefsvt- in;pretidteg ferethesaleeofeatlestatebelngingeoseinseetr etheeepeeseet lahorieg tendeeilegalidibiiies: regelatitng the fees effieres. bee. t8. letill catsesenuteteted inethe preedingeeeiee, aedinalaestwhere geereiiawecantbemdeppliebe,ell lawseshalihebeeeladfuntformepeationhroughotthe State. Ste. tg. Peteisite tty betmtde bygenetiletewforebig- ing sut agaitnet the bttte ts te til liabilities neow existing ee here- atee etigettg. Sic. 2e. Letteries tee herehy trehihited it this btate. SEC. tej. The Legislteeshtil etablish a tnifoeem sycst of eouety, tewnship andetetiipai goereentet. SEC. 22. The Legisltutre shell peeeide by geneeal less foe inteorpoetng sutchemteieipal, edueatoal, agiculstuel.teehe- i el,emiinbg adeotheeusefulecompanieseereaseeiationessmay he deemtedecessae. SEC. e3. Ne persen wehe it see a quaelified electer ef this Stete, oretny peeses wehe shell htee beenteonvietedeofbibey, ieegeey, perjuty, lareneyeethee highbeeime,eunletseestoeedteo ciild eighth, shall he pertted toesere en juies. bee. 24. Lees shall he passed reguleting eleetiess eand pee- hibiting, uedee adetquete penalties, all undue infleetheeoee from poere, bribes, tumttioretherimprperpratie. etc.NDI. 4et blorjittteselionte soteptssedshall he sigeed hbythe presid- ingoiersoeettctetretpeetiehses, aedhy thebSeeeetaeyeofthe Seeeate at eekeofthe sseebly. SEbt No teoene le e be e drw Pfthe Treeaeeeyex- sept bytapprepritioenemade by lee, ted teceeratestettementsof she reetpts ted expeetites tithe public emoeey shell he at- ttebed totandypublshed wthte lawstpassedteeyeglar eeso f she Legi stue. tyC 17lhe leglatte.shtallnttepatese.spectiatieoallaws b1 n fthe folloiee mereated etseeet That iseto sty, teftl- lteegethe jurtsctioeeand Pues of aeyclaet offieres,eor for the unihmet ofcrie o midemeette; reeftlting she pete- tie fcorso juticeee yrottditg foeeehaegingveneeeefecii enecimnl caes: geratn cheeteet; chanfineg the nmso pesn;%ttete eeads, test pits, street, tlles ted pehlic surstateteteeg and iaepeiie grand ted peels jeties atcd peevidingifoeeheieeeoeyeesstiene; refutdindg eouety, tetwn- shipyaed etteipcia eeisiete, eegultaighe eetienefeeoutt, tetshiytend euciipalioeficecs fee the assessett ted collectice of taees lee Stete, cetetyted emuniciypal puepoese ietecidief lt opening ted eondutineg elecetios fee State, cont ademunicipaleoiees, aedtdesigntigthe plaestof et- in;peetidieg foeethesaleeofrealetaeebelenfiengte inoeser ethee peesos laboring aeder legal disabilities: trefelating she feeseo ficee. Sec. eb. Intcl caseestenueated beebhe precedingfseetioe, end inalleaeseehereegeneatlasanbemde appliable,eall lasshall becgeneeal ted if unifetrm operetion throughout the btee SEC. 19. Previeice teal bettede byfeeral lawforebring- ing esi afgaintt the Stete as to all liabilities see- exsing oe here- atee ttiftttitf. Sec. ze. Letteries tee heteby peehihited it this State. SEC. as1. The Legisletuee shell establish a ueifeoemeyelets of eetety,townsship adtmuiipal goerent. SEC. 2z. The Lefidlature shell peecide by geeeal lass fee hieceeperatingeSuchemunieipal, edecateonal, ageiecultturel, eeeant- ical,tmiinhgandeotheeausefleeompanieseerassecitiodesmay b~edeemsedeeceeaec. SEC. 23. Noe peesee ehe is nt a quealified eleetoe of this State, te asp peesee ewhe thall hate beset eenvtied ef beibeey, fergeey,perjuey, larceneyeoreothe highecime, enless eesteresdto civideightsshallbe pertited toeveenejuies, SEC. e4. Laes thall he passed regelabing eleetetes eand pee- hibiting, uner adetqeete petalties, all tedee itfletee theeee free poer, heibsey, tumset te ethee imprepee peacetece. billscerjcint solutiontseiopased shallbe sigeed be the peesid- ingoierse oc the tetyic. ciehees. ted by the Secretry oftte Senatetaed Cjleerk sfhe Assemblye. SEe.eei. Netmoneyshabehdrawe fromttheTeasureyex- sept by appeepeetioee etade byv itw, ted acrtesteaeteetscif the eceipts teed exspecelitueeeof she public moeetesehall bet- tached toeaed publiehed cith Pee law paesed t every reglarc eeseso tfithe Legielatete. SEt. 17. Thetegkitcesallbttl ps pca rlcllw c1asny of Pee felleebnge euertaed eatee t That Is te say, sefe- ltnte jurtisdictead dutec eeteies faycaso iers,eorfor tee punisheneteofeieeee oremsdeemeaeer;reguladingheptec- tieeseotecourts ofijuticee yeeroidingfechanegiegsvenueeefecit ,edtcimtienalt cae teatieg dtteer(es; chaegieg the nmso persens: vacatieg ecads, tece petes, streets, alleys ted public squares;tesummoingacd ipeeellig grandtaed petitjuties ancd pteviding fee eheit cempeestioe e egultieg coutty, tesse- ehiptend mceiipalilosieess,;tregulatiegtheeleelen efeouty, cewsseebl aed emunicipal effitee,; fee the assesetet aed colletice of taeas fee Stete, ceeseyted eteeieepal peepeses i~eeeidbeg fee epetineg teed ceedeebeng electites fee State, tounty andmueicipa fiersee,tand designaeengthe placesfvt- ieg i peet idieg fee the tale of reai estate belenging te ioso etber peesees laboeing teedee legal disahilities: reguating she feeseofeoicer. bee. t8. Ietell cases enerattted beebhe preeeeding seetiee, teed ineallcaseswhere geeraliawcane made appliable, all lawsssshalhegeneetaleandefenftmepeaionehreghothe State. Stec. ig. Peevisinmay besmade bygeeralia fee big- ing suti tegaiest the State as te all liabilities neow existing tee here- ahtee teigeabeng. SEC. tee. Lotteries tee heteby techihited it this State. SEe. 2t. The Legislatueshal establish a teifesrm systeet of eounty,etoweshiptandmuicipal goereent. SEC. te. Tlee Legislatuethell peteide by geeral lee fee incorporting schemusicipal, educadtoal,eageincutisal, meehat- eel,miningtandohersefl compantieseorassoiationas ay be deetmedteesaee. SEe. e3. NO Peesee ehe is not a qealified eleetee of this State, oreany petrs ehe shll haee beentcenteeedeofbibery, eforeey,pere'etuy,laren~eyeerethetbhighcrime,tinlessetored to civi tights, shall he peeteitted toseve onjuies. Sec. 24. Laetwsalbe passedsregulatg ei nestd pe- hibiting, uner adequate petale, aSl tedee itnftuesee theeon from poweer,bribery,eetumulteotheiprperpacice.  SEC. 23. Reguare sessies of the I agislasue Da etn toesixty day s: bust aseial sesessio oeedh b'he Goev eno shall not excted tety days. SEC 2. Alilpropety, both real and tersoalfthets owned by her beforeariage oracquirsed attewardhb gift. tie- vise, descentaorpurhase, shllhe heseparte property andeec liable fete the debts aftibee husband. SEC. at. The ILegislatur eshall proastde for the electiant1 the peaple at appoisntment by the Goasvernar as al tatcut srsmasscipalaoffiserssattherssise pravisd dfat ao ti Cansttua tion, andtfixhylatheireduies and caampensaeaon hEe. aS. Eseyhbilswhichsmay hav~epassedsthe legistatta shalt, hefore hecssmisg a lass, be preeeted sa sthe Gaveesao-. If he appraoves ithe shall signsit; btdatohesalleuraeea swith his objections to she haase an which it aesgseated, which basse shall caase saeh ebjectias3to bae eneed apes its junl asd peseeed ta recansider it. tf aftee sacherecansideeatisnait shall pass bath hosses by a tssa-thirds esse af she meembees pees- eat, which vsteshall be, entered upon the journalsof each hase. is shall hecssme a lass. If asp hill shall sat be reetsraed wisthis flee daps (Sundaps essapted) sfter it shall base bees peesented la the Goseenor, the same shalt he a law is like ananer as tf se had sigaed it. If the Legislatsee by its henal adjouaseet pee- sent sach actios, suclhill thall beaaw asnless the Govaeanar si thia tea dapsess aftee the adjoursmeat shalt file saab bill twith his objeetion theaeto is she office at the Secretary of State, wsho shall lap she same befare she Legislature at its nesassin asd if thesame shall reeivetwso-thirds of thevtes psesent it shall become a lass. SaC. a9. The Assesebli, shall base the sale poee of as- peachmest; hat a ease of two-thirds of all the memeres present shallhbeeqtired tosimpeashsaspsoffcee, asd all imtpeachmenta shall be tried bp the Senate. Whenasitting fee that purpose the Sesators shall hesuponoathoraffirmsatian, and nopeesonasball he eoasisted withous the concurrence of two-thirds at the Sees- tact presest. The Chief jessica shall preside as alt trials by at. psashmeat, seeps is the trial ef the Chtef Justice, when the Lieutenant-Governor shalt preside. The Goeeeor, Lieateeast- Goveanor, members aftshe Cabinet, jastices of ste Supreesa Cases ad judges of the Circuit Coars, shall he liable sa iaspeaehmteat foe asp msisdemeanor is affse habt judgment insutch eases shahl estend onlystoeemoval feats officesand disqualification to bald asp office of honoe, eaust, as profit untder t he Stats; has the pasty sossicted as acquitted shall, nesvertheless, he liable so indictmest, Irial and punishment accorading ts laws. All other ohicers sheoeshall base bees ap- SC. a5. Regalarstesties of tlte ILegislataseetay.te toetixty days; bat asyspecial stteaoncoee edhbyltetat-eeas shall nat exceed twety days. SEC.s2. All propet,.bthereal aadpesrtsoaeffstett-ia ownaed bvherebeforesmariageeoracquirted afterwardby gift, de- svise,dasessn orpurchase, shallhe herssepare tpeepetpyaedsao- liable foe the debts of siee hushband. SEC. at. the Legialatase shall psessde fee the eletiont!e the peaple as appointmt by the (seno osasa all State, couaty, oesmuntcspaleoffiessatteise pesiddfedeCtb hs Constitu- tion, sand hixbp lass theie daties and ceaspeetattas. SEC. aS. Es-eey bill swhish stay bate pstd the Legittas-e shall, before besoming a late, he peeseesed ao tee Goerno. If he approves it he shalsignit; hats att he shall retaes t swith his objections to the house an whieh it originated, sehish house shallcaase sashebjsssiaestoebe eteredauponeas journals sand praceed so recansider it. If aftea Sechecsiddatinit shalt pass bath hoases by a two-thirds sate at the membeas pres- eat, wshich sote shall he enterad apes she josrnalof each house it shall became a lass. If asp hilt shall sat baesered asthin beve days (Sandaps escepted) ater it shalt base heen peented to she Gosernor, the tame shall be a lass is like masses as tf at bad signed it. If the Legislatue by its henal adjesrnenet pee- seat such action, sashbill shall ba a lass unlessethe Gosernor swithia tea daps set ahter the adjournent shell hile tech bill swith his objecshon thereto is the office of the Seseetast- of State, te shall lay the same befoe the Legislature as its nest setsst, and if she tme shalt receive tsso-thirds af the sates present it shall becosse a lass. SEC. 29. The Asseasblc shall bat-a the sate passes of ati- peachmens; bat a sate of two-thieds of all the memsbert present shallhbesspreqied tosimpeach anyeoffice, and all istpachments shall be tred by the Seate. tWhensitting fee that purpose the Senatorstshall besspanoathsersffirahon,and DO personshall besaasvictedwithoutthesascureaceatf two-thirdsof tha Sea- sass present. The Chief justise shall preside at alt trias by ias. psashmeet, escept inethetial at the Chief jussica, s-has the Lieuteant-Governor shalt preside. The (iosernor, Lieasaase.- Gosaraor, members of the Cabines, Jastices of ste Sepee Cases and judges of the Circuis Court, shall he liable sa imspeachment fee ay msisdemaaear leaice; but judgmsent insuchbeases shall esxtedeonlytoemovalferom officesand disqalifisatioa Is bald any tfice of honor, test, oa profit untder the Stats; hat the party senvicted or acquitted shall, severtheless, be liable ta indicsment, til and punishent ascording ts lass. AXll other officers wshl htIase bees sy- Sec. 25. Regalat tessions of the Legislature seay extend. toaisty dt s:et anytsecial sessionseeseeted1-yltsfeaGoee, shalt sat esceed twenty days. Ssc.eh6.Allpropety, h real aadpertsal,afdtesif assned by bee betfsee staterlags as acqeited aftercard hy gift, de- sitse,dasessn orepurchase,thhallbetrtepae prepertycaedaot liable fee the debts of biee hushband. SEe. at. The Legislasase shalt psaside fee she electiona o the people as appointent by the Gasasses at alt we cut ormunscspal officers set oshersise peovidad fee bsy shie Constitu- tion, andfixhy lawtheirdutis and compesation. SEC. 28. Essay bill wsbich may base pasted she Legislaces shall, before becomsing a lass-he presented to te Govserno. Ifthe appreassit hetshatllsigneit; butitsd sieh shall return it sith his objestians ta the hase is sshich is arigisated, ssbish hasse thatl case sach objections toabeetered apes its junl and proceedsse econtiderit. Ifafteasscherecosideationsit shall past beth houses by a twoa-thirds sese of the teeres pes- eat, whichsvoteshallbe enteedsuponthe journalf eachhose, it shall beme a lass. If asp bitt shalt set beetutned within Seve days (Sundayssexcapted) ateas is shalt base bees pesented Is lbs Goserno, the same shall be a late an like anses as if se had signed is. If she Legislature by its fialI adjouanets pee- seas sash achesn, sch bill shall ba a lass snless the Governoa withis sea days sextaft er the adjoursenat shalt Stle sash bill seith his objeshion shereto is the offise of the Secetary of State, weho shalt lay the same before she Legislatere at its est session, and if the tame shall receivestwe-thirds of the sates preent it shall became a las.. SEC. 29. The Assembly shall base the sale passes at tat- peachment; bat a sate of twoa-thirdseof all the membes present shall be required Is impeach apy officer, and atl imepeashmens shall be tried by the Senate. Wheetistting fee that puapose ste Seatosshball besupoathoreaffermation, and sa person shall be sonsisted swithout she scnurense of tsso-thieds at the Seesa- teat ptesents. The Chief justice shalt preside as all teials by iss. psacbmet, except inethetil of the Chtef jessica, s-bee the Lieuteant-Governor shalt peside. The (Gosernee, Liacseae- Goseanor, members at the Cabiet, jassices of ttte Supreasa Couet and judges of the Circait Court, shall he liable so iampeashmtent foe any misemeastor is affse: hat judgmsent ia such es s hallestendaolyto e movsaslffrot officeaad disqalification to bald asp offie at bases, eaust, as profht untder the State; hat she party convicted at acquitted shall, neserthelass, ha liable te indicteet, srisl and punishtsent accordiag Is lass. All ashes officers she shisI hsase bees sy-  pointed to oice by the Go eeo, ad by ad with the consent of the Senate, mtaybe retovced fence office uon thetrecommnend- ation of the Goenne end consnt ef the Senote, bet they shell neerethelens he fiable to indiecsment, triol ond punishment aecoed- ingtoelaw feoayntisdeenorein office;oall other civil offiers tholl ho tejed foe mnisdemeaorn in office in noce tmanner on the Legislotuee maoy peovide. SEC. o9. Loon tenking appeopriotin fee the nolorien of puh- lie officeeneand othercurent expenesn ofthehState thal o nti preovisions on no other suhject. SEC. 30. The Legielotore thoul elect United Stolen Senaorse in the tannee presce-ihed hy tlee Congens of the United Stots, end hy thin Conetitution. ARTICLE V. SceIon t. The supremte excuttive poe of the Stole tholl be netted in o Chief Mogisteone, echo nhallI be ntyled the Gon- ernorof Floeido. SEC. 2. The Goveenoe tholl he elected hy the quolified elect- ons at the titme and ptaee of noting foe the otemnhees of the Legislatore, end shetl hold bin office foe lone yeaen front the dtie of hos istallmnt : Protded, Then the teerm of the Senst Goveetnor elected nder thin Consttution sholl expie 01 the opening of the regulae session of the Legitlatuee of A. D. 1873, end until his suceeonoeholl be quelified. He eholl toke the oth of office peesceibed toe off Stote officees. SC. 3. No peeson shelf be eligible to the office of Uoneenoe -ho isnoteaqualifed elcto, end tohae not been nine yeaes citezen of the Unhted Stotes, end theee yeees of the State of Florida. nest peeceding the dtie of his electin. Son 4. The Goveenoe shell be rnmmeodeo-in-chief of the ecilinaey foeces of the Stote, except nwhen they shell he celled into the service of the Uteited Stetes. SEC. 5. tHe shell trensect all enecotive boniness nwith the officerssofthe overnment, civil end mniliteoy, andmayoreqie infoesnetion in wrising from the officers nf the admtinistretine do- peotment uon eny nubject relating no the detict of their respect- ice offices. SEc. 6. He shell see then the laws are faithfully executed. SoC. 7. When eny office, from eny cause, shell becosmee- cent, and no mode is presided by this Costnitution or hy the laws of the Stae foe filling such vaceancy, the Goornor shell havehe porrtonllsuch vacency hy granting e conmmisson ohich shell expie et the noe election. pointedetoofficehbythe Governor,andhbyaodithothe consent of the Senoe, eay be rmoved from office uon the recomend- aeion of the Goernor nd conest of the Senete, bet they shell neertheless he lioble en indictment, trial and punishment accord- ing toelawforany misdemeaoreincoffice;olleter civil officers sholl betried foromisemeaors in office in seeS tmonner en the Leginlature may procide. Sec. e9. Lown mahing appropritidon fon the colonies of petS- licoffiersond otherocurent expenscs of the State shellcoti provisions on no dehee subject. SEC. 30. The Legislotuee shell elect United Stotee bonnters in the ecannee presceibed by the Congess of the United Staten, end by thin Constieution. ARTICLE V. SCTON t. The supreme executive poer of the Stone shell be netted is o Chief Megitrate, echo shell be styled the Gon- enos of Floreida. SEC. o. The Governor shell be elected by the quelified elect- orseat te die end pleces of votdng fo te members of the Legisloture, end shelf hold his office for lone years from the floe of his instellmcent: Provided, Then the teem of the lorst Uovernnor elected ondier thin Constitotion shall expire of the opening of the reguler tension of the Legislatue of A. D. 1873, end until his scesrshall be qualified. He shell lobe the seth of office preseribed lt oll Smote officers. SEC. 3. No persn shell be eligible to the office of Gonernor echo is not e quelified elector, end who has not boon nine years a chtizn of the United Stoles, ond three pere of the Stole of Florida, noe preceding she time of his election. SoC 4. The Uovernoc shall be commondee-in-ohief of the military fonces of te Stae, except ohon they shell be called into the teenice of the Uneited Stotes. Son. 5. Hr shell teansact el execuoine business woith the officersofsthe Goernment, clodl end militery, andmeyoreqeire informetion in melting loom the offiersn of the edminiseretive de- pertinent uon eny subjoct relating to thr duties of their respect- ice offices. SoC. 6. He shell see that the laws ae faithfully oxecuted. SCc. 7. When any office, from enytceese, shell hecome ve- cant, and no mode is previded by thisConstitution or by the laws of the Stete for filling tech vecency, the Goernor shall havertherpoermofill such vacancy by granting a commission wchich shall expire at the nest electon. APPEDIX.413 pointed toofficeby the Governor,oandbyandeithde c onsent of the Senete, tay be removed feome office eyen the recomtmend- etion of the Uoceenor and consent of the Senate, bet they shell neN eednelens he liable to indicement, trial aod puisheetnccord- inggtolawnforanyoisdemeaorooin office 3oll other emSi officers shall beotried foremisdemeaores inofficeitnosch tmanner on the Legisloture maoy peovide. SEn. e9. Laws moking apyroyrioticon bee the salories of pub- bec officers and obhe curneeet expenses of the Stee deell cntain provisions on no dter subjct. SEC. 30. The Legisloture shall elect United Statee Senaorse in the mnnes presceibed by the Congeess of the United States, and by thin Conetitutdon. ARTICLE V. SCTIcON n. The supreme executive poer of the State shell be nested in a Chief Magistrate, wo shell be styled she Use- ernoroflorida. SCc. 2. The Goneenor shell be elected by the qualified elect- oseatthe time and places of voting frthe membersof the Legislatute, and shell hold bin office foe leer years from she time of his istnallment: rovSed, That the teem of the lenst Uonernoe elected undee thin Costitution shell expire at the opening of she regularosesson of the Legidoatore of A. D. 1873, end untSl his successor shell he quaefied. He sholl tahe she oath of office pescribed foe off State officers. SC. 3. No prton shall be eligible to the office of Uoceronor echo in note aqualified elects,, ond wo hast neeon nine years a citen of the Unied States, end three years of the Stete of Florido. nest preceding the time of his election. SoC 4. The Gonernor shall be commandeo-in-cbief of the militery fonces of tie State, except oboen they shall hr celled into the teenie of she U eited Stones. Son. 5. Hr shall teanst all executine boniness with the officers of the Gonernmest, clodl end military, andoeayroqire information in melting from she officers of the edmtinistrativr do- pertinent uon eny subject relating no the duties of their respect- ive offices. SEc. 6. Hr shell tee that the laws are faithfully exected. Son. 7. When any office, from any tense, shall becomoe - cant, and o mode is provided by this Constitution or by the laws of the Stae foe fllinf sech vacency, the Governor shall havethe powersnofillneuch vacancy by granting acommission ohich shall expie at the nest electnon.  Sec. S. 'lie Goernorce rcey oil etraordcnary eccon, conveneeche Legislatureeby prclamatcionand shll tte tc bhheee w liene cgeied, theppeoscec ccrhich they tee-ce bceencecvened. ted the Legislature thee shall transact eo legis lative hececect exceptthat tee cwhich theycarecspciallycon-vened, cc-tech oterce legislacice husineess asche Ciccceccccema cee all toth ccctteto of the ILegisleccreeehile i ession, cccccpc lc tce n - ccloa cone ctof lct houses. Sec 9.He-halt commnc atcccee Icv ncc-cg. to the Lgsa tuet echeglar essciontce contdition of cite Sctte,eacd re, eeccccccdesuchccccec-cie- as hettay deemc eccedceec. See.o.I- tcasceeofladisgeee nttwe n ticccccletw-c iue wciclcresp~eectoclcecimec cledjccaecct. tice Gteeece shallha;ce poce tc djournc tce Legcislaturc to sit hea litcte as lice c) chick prper , providded it isccoclceyontccccecticd ieforlte ccceccicc; elehe ncext Legislacuce. See. c . The Getccvero shall 1-c ce powe tee susend hie c-llectioncoffcnec end forcfeicces. accd greccc repciees Ice ieeicdccct eccedicgeixcy decs. dtincglfromtcheimccoflcccece- -ionc,lforelleoffeceseceplt in case, of imc hmlc et. Upcnc cccccct forccceeeccn, he shall hatee poertosuspendhecctctC ciect of seccence until the caese chall he reyccrced cc thle Legisle- tura ics nexc sessiccc, cwhene the Legislcatcce shall ectlcecjcedce, directcthe execticntocthesctece, or grantcclfcther repriee; ted ithe Legislature shall fail or refucse to mcahe heeal dicpccsi- tioecofeschcse,cthesentenehllhbecnfoced ctschlctime cdyplaceeeashticcGoeo mayt hy his crder dirctC The Gee- eccec hell cceteeicate to cit e Legislacure at che bteginincg cc ecerysessiocccerey caec eceelrfeiturceremittedeorcepeed, pardono ecetmttcion geanted, sccciccg thectname oftheeccnvicc, cte ccimet for tehteh he cwcs coeccicted, the seteece. its date, ccd the date ofl ice remicsiecn, comtcaction. pardon, or recrciee. SeC. 12. The Goernor, jestices of the Scpremce Courec and Atorney-General, or c mcajer parc ccf chemc. of whocm the Gee- eeeereshlllheeee, eccy, upon tech condhtions cnd wteh such liccictionsteccdrestricienstasecheyccccy deemprcere remtit flnet candlforfeitues,ecometecpcceishmetsc,cend grcnc pardenscafter conccicieieallcsesecept teaeee cnd iecpecachmenet,schject ce-tech regulctiees as ecay he peeotided hy lcaw relatie tc the mn e f applying lee pcrdone. SEe. 13. Thcgeccctstcndcoccmeissioncctllheic the nm and undee theauthority ofl the Steece of Florida, cealed fly the grect seal ofl the Stae signed hy tfe Goernore cedcnctesigned hy the Sececey ccf fleece. SEC. 14. A Lieutenane. Goernecc shacll he elected cc the saetimeand plcescand inthesamectmaner as the Gerneeoc, 414 AENDIX.e SEe. cc The Coerceer mtat, oc extraerdinary occecsions, covn he tLegcslature ht prclacmaeionc, and shall scace ce bhhoflee when oegancced, the purpose fee wehich they hae hbeeneconverted. andtheLeglaturcefthceci shalltraeect celeg:- cecie flecceec excepct thacteeo wchl theye tciat ovn" orch-ecotherleglteusicnessathetGllcceccc-cccey cllctoclc- accentione of thre I egcslturccce while inc session, e% let b the cccccc- cnocteteofclhth houses. See .H !,l comnct lCcnsgtt h Lgs tnetetch ceccular seseton the cocndition ofl tire sccce, and te- crnened such mcesurese-t he ecay dccc expehientc See '. co. Ic casecoftadisgeementtclccec e tetohue weithresecttoe tle timte cclcdjocctccttihliecccccor hell hct poeretadjoctrn the Lc eilaee c toscit time as lice mathe linh proere,yprovtded ctciscnotheyond tilechime fixed forctcc cceechcg ofche nexeisatret.c SEe. cc-. The (,oereccr -ich 1-ce poer to SLeet th cllecioneolfinces cnd forfeitue. ecd gratertepriee il periodnoteceedhngtsixty daysdathngfromctihetie ofconic tion,lorlleiffecesecpttt cse, ccl hmechent.UpC covcinfreasonc, he shall have powe-etotuentd thexcu cieecoftsetenece util theecaseshll he reypoeted to the Legisla- ,ticeectits et essiton, e henetce Legilaturceshlleiheryedon, die ct theeecut ice ofcheentcencce, orgraetcclfurther epryeve, aned iftheLgilactueeshallcfil orc refusee toceke heeal dtcycc- cicce ofesch ce,thesenece -hlleenforccedat sch im ced place asc the lcero maye byc hy ie oeder direect. TheGv enor c-hell cmmucnicate to ete Legislature at the hegicnnceg of eeytsessieee evey eaeoffitieeorforfeturcerettedortrepreved, parden oc cececceeceice gecnted, scecing elce name ccf teconit thle ceimce fee wehich he waec convicted, the sentenee ice date, and the deefeeitiemission, cocmmctatcionc, parden, or ceprevce, See. cc. The Goernor. J uce of the Seupeece Coutc n Attorney-Geeral. ora maejor pert ofl themc. of whcom the Gee- ernoreshallhbecoce, ecey, epen -tech conditione and wihh schf himihationscad reestrictinsastheyemy deemecroeremcit fies andleelfeictescommte puihmetstand grant paedonecahee conveictincn llceexcept treccon cnd imtpeachmtet,-tuhject cto tech regelaticcns cc macy he perovided fly Ieae relatie ce the mn e f applycng fee pardenc. SEC. 13. Thlegrantscacd commtissinscshallfbe in the nm aed undee the auchority ef the State ef Flerida, cealed fly the geact seal ofl the Stace, signced fly the Goereoce andecunerseigned fly the Sececcey ccf Stcte. SEC. 14. A Liectenant Goernc shacll he elected ct the samceteend placesecnd itletsamemacer ac the Gernore SEC. ; I~e Goveero macy, onetraoerdinaery cecasioct, cneethe Legilacuee fly yrocleamation, cnd shall ecace ',c bhhoflee wen eegeniei, the yccryoee Ice wh fich they hae beeceed. eand the Legislature thee thall tranect no legi,- lecite huei ssc except theete fowiche theye scaltly coct-ened, or-tesuc therelegisleiebuiess asethe Goceccccuvcall- t atcentioc ofl the 1Legielatccre ewhile inc-eceiccc, eceye ci the cece- cc cs consen of bh thouses. hc 9. H~e shlllccmmucate to- iee-cge cco the eil- ecceeat each cegelt essccioncthteeconditincofltirecState,acd e- ornencd such reetctematy deec eptieC. See. ccc. hitcefcacdisagreeetcececcthetcohose eth resetcet to he tiete cledjcccccccect. cthe Cicceecee shacll hec, poeret.)cdjc-cc the Leghlatue toe I tech acsc ie wacyhinkc prpere,yprovidedhitiscothbeyonedthle time fixedcfortel th ofthe nexc Legislature. Seec. cc- The locero halle haci he powe ycctosuspentd the cllecioncoffieandlforfeiecres, acdlgrte eprieves o peeled not eceedhng electy dccc. dating front cthe tieo ccl,, non,lforealloffecesctexcept hte ,ofhipchmtc. Upon convietinfo lctreason, liteshallhaetpoer toesuspendcthe ec- niencofsentencecutilthe ce-shall he reyported cc cthe Lcgciela cc a its neet sesion, chen the Legtslacure shalcl eihee pardon, direcet tle exectioneoflthe setence, orc gracent a utecepree aned ifthecLecgiltureeshallcfil ortefutte to makhe heeal decyccec cicneofcschcas,heeece shalihe enforcedt sc tm eed ylce as the Goernor may fly flue order diectc. TheGv erochell communcicate to cte Legislatue cc the heginntt o evcerysessioeeycayee oflfineeofoeiturereittedcrcepce ed, pardon rc ecmmttion granted, stating the namce ofl cite coct the ceime lee whfich he wasconcited, the entece. itse date, aed the daccee citemicssione, ceettioe, pardon, oeprieve SEe. 1c- The Goerntor. j Justces ofthe Supreme Ceourc aed Attorney-Generel. or acejor pact ofl themc. ofl whomcc the Gee- ceo shaclfbe one, etay, upon -tech cndhtions and ,h -tech licmicatiene and restrictiees cc they ecay deemt propere recmic ficces andforfeituresecomtece punishencts,eand grcnt paedonecfer convictiontiieallcsescepc teason and imeaechment, subjecc tocsuchlregulationscasemay he gee-tided fly law relctie tothe mn e f applying lee pardecs. See. 13. The grantsecndcccomccssionseshalcibe i the nm ancdunderthecauthoity ofl tile State ofl Florida, sealed fly the geact seal of the Stcee, signcedbycthe Goernor cedecunteecigned fly the Sececey ccf Secte. SEe. 14. A Liectenace Goveero shacll he elected cc the sacmectimecandplacescand inctfeccamemacer asc the Gernore  cchooetcerot of office aod eligibility tholl also be thetsame. Ho tholl be the Presedent of lee Sleeate, bet shall have onlyo eotating vootetheeto If, duritg aeoccancy ef the effice of Gloveenor. the Lieotenant Goernor 'boll be imeaceohed. displaced, retign, di orhecome totcopoble of perforeming the dloties of bit office, oe eeabsent from thfe ttecbePesoident proteeyoeof tebe - ate sholu cta Goero e nto l he eoffi ce he filled or the ditobiliec SE.I o tte cse of the imtyeochocent ol the ifoereoe. orhis eeoe omeeoffie, deth,inohicy todischargelisolb- cicl duties.ore itione the poweecaed deties of the office shllldevolveeupon chefLieenanet Geecoc foe the residue of t c trm oentl the discbiity shall cecse I cot the Govereoc ,cell cot, tchtcltcetcconsent of the Legisltucre, cce ocet eel te Sctte intmeo0 wr SEfio The Gocceeor eeoc ateae1 tmecreicoceth inio ofteIutceceof the ScupremeCout to to cte ooterpcreaiono an epotinftio Cocstituctic, oe uonc any poctet of lee, aced teSpeeCtoutoshlledeoscho oetnone inwiteg. S c 1 ThefGoccetee hllbeoassoted by acadineteofed- mioitrtioveofficescoeoitotogofl ecrcearyofState, Atcorney GeealeomtrollerI TresueSrv~ Geerlepecie- iectdeet of Public Inscton.e Adjutaet Gentoera eed Coecois- etonereof Imeittfeon.e Seth officerseshdl be oypoieted by tcc toerenor n confiredhbycheSente. aod shadlt holdetheir of- biet the saetm asc t0 de Goernr coor unti 00thetr successtote ohell be qualtfied. SE.8t TbetGoverorcshall, hycend wteh the conent of cte Senatee eppcne a]I commisonetteed efficeec of the fleece moilitia. tEC [9 he G~ovceoe ohall aypoint, he acd wteth the cn seet oftoehee Seaeneachbcouetyeen aeorecof taeseedeco- lecteroftreveuewhoe duesochall he preseedeed by lcw, cod echo shall bold their officeo fee coo years cod be subject to re- movael upon the eecomentono of the Governorceod coetof the Sleoate. The Governoe shell appoint i0 teach countya Coonty Teuer, CeonyfSueor, Superitendent ofComono Sichools, cod floe Couoty Ceomdssienees, each of com shell hold hue office foe twoe yeaet, cod the dutiet of teach theft be pre eciedby lae. Suechofficeesoshllbeosubjecttoeeevlhby the floero wheen e in bit judgmtent the public oelfae ewilt be ad- vaccedetheteby : Peetoded, No officer shall be removoedtexcept foe wilful neefleet of duty, orc aciolation of the criomincl loawe of the Sctt, 00 foe inoeotptency. SEC. 00. The Gov-etor cod cabinet sholl constitute a Boaed of Comotiosionero of Sttetintitotioot, whbicb booed sholl hae woe termo of office acee eligibility tholl also lce cte oscme. Hc ohall he the Pesident of cte Senatce, bu hocl havoe lyea casting vootectheein. If, durhcgcoovaoocy of the office of foeoro. the Lietencont Goernor osboll he imea~eched. disylaced, resoign. die or become incayable ef perfeorming the dueeofioffice,or lieohsent from theStae, the Preidnco tecceeofdhefSen- ote shall act as Gioverorc untoil the office ice filled or cthe dioability SE.1.I eo case eftie ocypeachmcent ef theGoenr erhisttemocoa]freomeffice, death,iochdlity to diocharoge fie efi- ( co dutoeo, or resigoatiee. the ypower aed detieo of the office toall devolveypon the Lieuenante Goeretot for the residoe ef tccer.o util cthe disobility shall ceae: buet the Gocoeteor shaltoit. withlout theccoocent of the Legislatote. he oetc of cthe ott ci ie of toot. SE.h6 Thcfetoveocma)otatiecqoircc eopiio dfth cusieso thyueocef Coort as to flee interpretatien of ayPortionOfdeisofeoececco r cuponee angoioc of lee, cod cthe SueeCourt ohall renedr tech epinon to writog. lIL- 7 heoerecoroll beoassited bycainet of ad- ciiitieeoffitceonsitiogooflceSecttte fltte, Attorney' Geealootrller, TreasoueerS o Geerl peelo- tecedeet of Poblic Isetroceion, Adjutant feerael cod Ceomit- soeotfoImotgrton.o Sucheofbtcesohal e apoyonted bydtce coer oad cofioicedh1)e thte c nate an hall holdtefirh of- flet the scome time oo deo I ,oxercor euncel theccoocucceso salbe quaified. Ef l8fhecGovocenohall, by cod wioh the cotsent of the Senace, appocn oil commisionted officero of the fleece mtilitia. S C I.The Goerncoc shadl appoit, 1 aed wthethe coo- oete of the Seoae, in teach county an assesooef taoes cod eel- lectorcofeene, whooe dotesoohall he prescribedhbylatw, cod cohoshall hold theircefficeloc tooyearsooodbceehujecttor- iooeloupon therecommentonoftheGoerort and ceosenof the Sleoae. The floveror shcll alpoint in teach coontya CootyTeasurerc, CountylServeyor, SupferintencdetoffComot n Sichools, cod beve County Cetomissionert, ech of wohoom oball bold hit office foe too years, cod the doties of teach obell he pee- ocribed by lee. Suoch officers oholl be subjeft to removael by the (Governort wben i0 hit jedgomeot the peblic otlfee owill he ad- coocedetherebyc Peetoided, Noeofficer tholl he temovoed eceptc feo wifuloneglectof duty,eoreaeilationof the criinloelawttoef the fleece, or foe inomcpeteocy. SEC. to. The Goerort cod cabioet ohall costitute a Booed of Commitoiooors of fleece inttutions, ewbich booed shall hae wchoster oo f effice aed eligibility tholl alto Ietoe saome. Ho tholl he the Pesident ef cthe Slencce, bet oball haeonelyacasting cooteteeto If, during otvacancy of the office of Goierncor, the Lieutenont Geroor scohell be imoched. diosplaced, resigo, dieeo become icapayble ef pcerefoing the duesoofbhisoffice,co beoabseet freomthcoState. the Presidenteco t~ottCe OfctelSen- ote shall act ao G overor uottil the office he filled ortcho diohiliee SEC. cc Icn te Cas co oth im eachoet of the tGoveroro, cclciotooecovaleceromcffice, doeth inabiiy todisdchargehisoff- clo.t duties. or resignbet0000 they power and dutdesoef the office ohall dec luo n th Liueat(o eteot foe the cetidoe of th em.o entlte disability oscoll ceae: but cthe Gfeoeror ,hal ot, ihou thee consnoo te dcLegilatue, he oct of che Stateiectimecofiear Sccce6. ThetiGeoe o a taotim eur h pno of the I eoctcsofithcoe ete Cor asec o teinrptaonf coy pcoionf thistonstitcution coupoocyoteof law, aod thle SureyCort scchall roener tech oypinion toe wrtes. flEe. t7. The Goocooi sholl be ascctedhbyacohicet ofead- minisrateoofficetoceosstnofoialcoececvoflStae, Attorey Geoneoal, Cotroller, 'I'cecooceo flreteeot eneral, flpetto- tecedtOeflPublceIntrtionAdjutatGeerladCecommi- oioe flImmigraton. Such offitersosbalhl beyyppontd by tcc Giovernoe cod C onfirmed bcy the Scenatoe l end ohll hold eheir of- ficesthesameotieo aschefoeoe Or elcocI checcoouccesotrs ,hell be ejoclibed. flee . Thetoecoc shall, hyeand with the coent of cthe Senate, aon~t a]lI commsontooed officersoef the State toilitia. flEC. eq. The Goverorsholdappoino ho ond withtceceoi- oent of the Sceaei oeachetoontyc anoocococn of ctaeoad eel- lectoreofreoenee woeddoieooshall be cresocribed by law, cod c oe ohall held theit officesor twco years and he subject to to- movaelupontthe econcd oeef theoverorad oooctof the Slenate. The Gloveor c-hell eppoine in teach coetya Couty ITreasuer, CooncyflSurveyer, Suoperioendentcof Comon Scehoobs, cod beve County Commisitoer, each of woome shall hold hit office foe two yearo, cod the duties of ech ohall ho pee- sceibed by lac. Such officeto shall he oubject to reovacl by the Glovceo hen io hio judgtment the public woelfare will be ed- coceced thereby : Pctided, No effiee ohall be reovecod ecept fee wilfel neglect ef duty, or a violation of the criomioal lowt of the State, 00 foe iecomopeteocy. SoE,. to. The Goceror cod cabioet shall coostite a Booed of Comisioneto of fleete intttons, twhich booed oholl bae  4V6 APPENDIX. superCision of all matters connected therewith, in such manner as shall be prescribed by law. SEc. 21. The Governor shall have power, in cases of insur- rection or rebellion, to suspend the writ of habeas corpus within the State. ARTICLE VI. Jt-PICIAL DEPARTMENT. SECc'rION 1. The judicial power of the State shall be vested in a Supreme Court, Circuit Courts, County Courts and justices of the peace. SEcz 2. The style of all process shall be "The State of Flor- ida," and all prosections shall be conducted in the name and by the authority of the same. SEC. 3. The Supreme Court shall consist of a Chief Justice and two Associate Justices, who shall hold their offices for life, or during good behavior. They shall be appointed by the Gov- ernor and confirmed by the Senate. SEc. 4. The majority of the Justices of the Supreme Court shall constitute a quorum for the transaction of all business. The Supreme Court shall hold three terms each year in the Supreme Court room at the seat of tovernment. Such terms shall com- mence on the second Tuesday of October, January and April re- spectively. SEC. 5. The Supreme Court shall have appellate jurisdic- tion in all cases in equity, also in all cases of law in which is involved the title to, or right of, possession of real estate, or the legality of any tax, impost, assessment, toll, or municipal fine, or in which the demand or the value of the property in contro- versy exceeds three hundred dollars, also, in all other civil cases not included in the general subdivisions of law and equity; also, in all questions of law alone; in all criminal cases in which the offences charged amount to felony. The Court shall have power to issue writs of mandamus, certiorari prohibition, quo warranto, habeas corpus, and also writs necessary or proper to the complete exercise of its appellate jurisdiction. Each of the justices shall have the power to issue writs of habeas corpus to any part of the State upon petition by, or on behalf of any person held in actual custody, and may make such writs return- able before himself or the Supreme Court, or before any Circuit Court in the State, or before any Judge of said courts. SEc. 6. The Supreme Court shall appoint a Clerk of the Supreme Court, who shall have his office at the capitol, and shall be Librarian of the Supreme Court library. He shall hold his office until his successor is appointed and qualified. 416 APPENDIX. supervision of all matters connected therewith, in such manner as shall be prescribed by law. SEc. 2 1 The Governor shall have power, in cases of insur- rection or rebellion, to suspend the writ of habeas Corpus within tee State. ARTICLE VI. J1UUIcTAL DEPARTMENT. -'F .ON 'The judicial power of the State shall be vested in a Supreme Court, Circuit Courts, County Courts and Justices of the peace. SEC' 2. The style of all pocess shall be "The State of Flor- ida," and all prosections shall be conducted in the name and by the authority of the same. SEC. 3. The Supreme Court shall consist of a ChiefJustice and two Associate justices, who shall hold their offices for life, or during good behavior. They shall be appointed by the Gov- ernor and confirmed by the Senate. SEC. 4. The majority of the Justices of the Supreme Court shall constitute a quorum for the transaction of all business. The Supreme Court shall hold three terms each ear in the Supreme Court room at the seat of government. Such tcers shall com- mence on the second Tuesday of October, January and April re- spectively. SEC. 5. The Supreme Court shall have appellate jurisdic- tion in all cases in equity, also in all cases of law in which is involved the title to, or right of, possession of real estate, or the legality of any tax, impost, assessment, toll, or municipal fine, or in which the demand or the value of the property in contro- versy exceeds three hundred dollars, also, in all other civil cases not included in the general subdivisions of law and-equity; also, in all questions of law alone; in all criminal cases in which the offences charged amount to felony. The Court shall have power to issue writs of mandamus, certiorari prohibition, quo warranto, habeas corpus, and also writs necessary or proper to the complete exercise-of its appellate jurisdiction. Each of the justices shall have the power to issue writs of habeas corpus to any part of the State upon petition by, or on behalf of any person held in actual custody, and may make such writs return. able before himself or the Supreme Court, or before any Circuit Court in the State, or before any Judge of said courts. SEc. 6. The Supreme Court shall appoint a Clerk of the Supreme Court, who shall have his office at the capitol, and shall be Librarian of the Supreme Court library. He shall hold his office until his successor is appointed and qualified. 416 APPEND&X supervision of all matters connected therewith, is such manner as shall be prescribed by law. ScC. 2 1 The Governor shall have power, in cases of insur- rection or rebellion, to suspend the writ of habeas corpus within the State. ARTICLE VI. JUDPICIAL DEPARTMENT. Svcnot 1. The judicial power of the State shall be vested in a Supreme Court, Circuit Courts, County Courts cod justices of the peace. SEC: 2. The style of all process shall be "The State of Flor- ida," and all prosections shall be conducted in the name and by the authority of the same. Syc. 3. The Supreme Court shall consist of a Chief justice and two Associate justices, who shall hold their offices for life, or during good behavior. They shall be appointed by the Gov- ernor and confirmed by the Senate. SEC. 4. The majority of the justices of the Supreme Court shall constitute a quorum for the transaction of all business. The Supreme Court shall hold three terms each year in the Supreme Court room at the seat of fovernment. Such terms shall com- mence on the second Tuesday of October, January and April re- spectively. SEC. 5. The Supreme Court shall have appellate jurisdic- tion in all cases in equity, also in all cases of law in which is involved the title to, or right of, possession of real estate, or the legality of any tax, impost, assessment, toll, or municipal fine, Or in which the demand or the value of the property in contro- versy exceeds three hundred dollars, also, in all other civil cases not included in the general subdivisions of law and-equity; also, in all questions of law alone; in all criminal cases in which the offences charged amount to felony. The Court shall have power to issue writs of mandamus, certiorari prohibition, quo warranto, habeas corpus, and also writs necessary or proper to the complete exercise 'of its appellate jurisdiction. Each of the Justices shall have the power to issue writs of habeas corpus to any part of the State upon petition by, or on behalf of any person held in actual custody, and may make such writs return- able before himself or the Supreme Court, or before any Circuit Court in the State, or before any Judge of said courts. SEC. 6. The Supreme Court shall appoint a Clerk of the Supreme Court, who shall have his office at the capitol, and shall be Librarian of the Supreme Court library. He shall hold his office until his successor is appointed and qualified.  APPENDX. 41 SEC. 7. There shall be sen Circuit judges appoinsted by the Governor and confirumed by the Senate, weho shall hold their office foe eight years. The Stats shall be divided into seven judicial districts, the litmits of sehioh are defined in this consti- ttutin, attd tte judge shall be assigned to eachoircuit. Such judge shell hold too sents of his coust itt ouch county swithin histcicui~t,echbyear, atsuoch imsuund placesuas shell he pe- scribed by lose. The Chief justice stay, in hit discetion, order atcempoeaeyynxchange ofcicuits by therspectivejudges, or any judge, to hold one os umore termus in any other circuit thou that to which he is assigned. 'The judge shall reside in the circuit to swhich he is assigned. SEC. S. The Circuit Courtssin thesseveral jdicial cicits shall base original jurisdiction in all oases of equity, alsa in all cases atlawsuwhich involve the titlecersight of possessionsto, or the pssession of, at the boudaries of seal yeoperty; uf the legality of any tax, tepeest, assessmtent, tell, us munciipal Sune, and inall ohersases inwhich the demsand orthevalue of peoperty in controsversy exceeds three hundeed dolles, and of the action of foscible entry and unlanful detainer, and also in all crmnlcases amsouting to felony. They shall haoe final appellate jurisdiction it, all civil cases arsiing in the Couty Curt in wehich the amuntu in controversy is one hundred dollas andoypwards, and inall caesfisdeeano. The Circuit Courts and the judgso thereof shall sace posses to issue writs of mtandaus, injunctios, quo noetanto, certiorari, and all other sweiss proper and necessary to the comtylete exercise of their jacisdicsion, and also shall hove poe so issute weits of habeas corpus on petition hy or on hehalf of any person held in actual custody in theie eespectiveoicits. SEC.p. Thee shall hesaCounty Curt oganiedin each county. The Goveenor shall appoint a County judge foe each county, nhotshall he confirned hysthe Senate, and suchJudge shall hold his office foe losr years lean the-date of his commnis- usno until his sucoessor i~s appointed and qutalified. Sec. to. The County Coast shall he a Courttof Oyseand Teemn es. SEC. i I. The County Coast shall buvs jursdiction of all mtisdemcanoes and all civil oases, wohere the amnount in cntro- versy dues not ecsed thee hundred dullers; but in no catse shall the County Court hans jurisdiction wehen the title us boundariessof teal estate it in controversy, nr wchee the jurs- diction nill confgict nith that of lbs several Curts of Reeoeds; hot they may hose coextensive jursdiction with the Circuit Corts incases of forcibleentry andnnlawsfuldeention of seal 26 PPENDIX. t1 Sec. 7. These thall he seven Circuit judges appointed by theGovernnr and confirnedby the Senate,nwhoshall holdtheir nffice foe eight yeas. The State shall he divided into seven jtudicial districs, the linsits of nhich ass defined in this consti- tution,eandone judgesshallbe asigned toeach cicit. Snch jndge shall hold tno teens of hit court ineachcutynwithin his circuit, each yeas, atsusch tinesand placstas shall he pe. scribed hy ton. The Chief justice nay, in his discretion, order a tenmporaryexchangesof cicuits by the rspectivejudges, or any judge, to hold one or moe teems in any oshes circuit that, that to nhich he is assigned. The judge shall reside in the circuit to wehich he is assigtted. SEC. S. The Circuit Coasts in the several judicial circuits shall bass original jursdiction in all cases at equity, also its all cses at ten wahich involve the title us sight of possession to, os the possessionoof, orthe boundaries of real property; of the legality of any tax, imspost, assessmnt, tall, ousniipal Sine, and in all othes oases in wehich the demuand us the calue of propety incontrovesysexceedssthreehundred dollars, and of the action of foihle entry and unlanful detainee, and also in all crmnlcases aonting so felony. They shall hose Suetl appellate jurisdiction its all civil cases ecising in sthe County Court in which the amunt its controcersy is one hundred dollas and uynards, andin allases ofsisdemano. The Circuit Coasts and the judges thereof shall hass panes to issuewiso mndamus, injunctios, quo nassonto, certiorari, and all other writs proper assd necessary to the comspletesesercise of their jorsdiesion, and also shall have posses to issue writs of habeas corpus on petition b'y us on behalf of any person held in actual custody in their respective circuits. SEC. 9. These shall he a County Court organized in each county. The Gosernor shall appoint a County judge fat seacs county, nho shall he cosfirmed hy the Senate, and sash judge shall bold his office foe fasts years from the-date of his canniu- usno until his successor is appointed and qusalified. SEC. s o. The County Coast shall be a Coast of Oyer and Teen ass. Sec. s t. The County Cones shall hose jurisdiction of all nisdemnors and alt civil cases, wehee theaountinontro- sersy does not exceed thee huondred dulles; hut is no case shall the County Coast bass jursdiction wchen the title us bnundariesofeal estate isin cntoesy, orenhere the juris- diction nill conflist with that of the several Coasts of Recoeds; hot they nay hase coextensive jursdictin weith the Circnit Corsnin cases of forcible entry andnnlawsful detention of seal of APENDI. 417 SEC. 7. These shall he tsen Circuit judges appointed by the Governor and confiredhbythe Senate, who shall hold their office for eight yeas. The State shall be divided intouseven jusdicial ditricts, the linits of nhich ass defined in this cnsti- tutinn, and one judge shall he nssigned so eacheircui. Such judge shall hold tno teens of his sanest in each county within hissircuit, each year, atsesS tinesoand places as shall he pe. scribed hy tan. The Chief justice nay, in his discretion, order a tenporaryexchangeof cicits by the rspective jdges, or any judge, so hold one us tune teens in any other circuit thon that so nhich he is assigned. The judge shall reside in the circuit to which be is assignecd. SacS . The Circuit Coasts in the several judicial circits shalt have original jursdiction in all cases of equity, alo in all cases at tan wchich involve the title as eight of possession to, or tbs possession uP, os thehboundaies of real property; of the legality of any sax, input, assentment, tall, us nuniipal fine, and in all other caesinnwhich thedemuandorthesvalnuf propety in controversysexceeds threhundred dollars, and of the action of foscihle entry and unlanful detainee, and also in all crmnlcses amounting so felony. They thall hose final appellate jurisdiction its all civil cases arising in tise Cunty Curt in which she aont in controcersy is one hundred delas and upwads,and inll cassfuisdemeno. The Circuit Coasts and the judges thereof shall sass powses so issue wiso mnamus, injunction, quo naseauto, certiorari, and all other writs propersasd necessarytosthe compleesecisesoftheir jarsdissiso, and also shall hose panes to itssue wrsits of haheas corpus on petitions hy ne on behalf of any person held in actual custody in their respectivesircits. SEc. 9. These shall he aCounty Curt organized in each county The Governor shell appoint a Conty judge foresash cnounty, nho shall he confirmed hy the Senate, and sash judge shall held his office for four years lfans the-date of his commnss- usno until his successor is appointed and qusalified. Sec. so. The County Coust shalt he a Couttof Oyer and Teen insr SEC. as. The County Coast shall hose jurisdiction of all nisdemnors and all civil cases, whbere the amountin contro- versy dues not exceed thee hundred dollas; hut in no ease shall the County Cones hose jursdiction wchen the title us boundariestof real estate is in controversy,n or here the jurse diction nill conflict nith that of the seeral Coasts of Recoeds; hut tbsp nay hose coextensie jurisdiction nith the Circuit Cnourts in cases of fossible entry end unlawfol detention of seal oh  V8APENIX estate, subjest to appeal to the Circuit Coast. The County Coort shall hate fall sureogate at peobate powsert, bat sabject to appeal. Provision shall be stade by law for all otbee poeto, duties, aod eesponsibilities of tbe Coooty Cooets aod judges. These sball be a regulae tiaol teeot of tbe County Courttosi timtes ineasbyeae, atsuchbtiseand plastaomayhepe- scribed by late. boC. cc. Ceand aod petit jurort sball he tahen feoot tbo tegisteeed voteet ofeespesisescounties. beC. 13. Inoallctrials, civilandserimoinal, inthe Circuit and County Coatst, the etidence shall be sedated to wreitiog by the Clerka of the Cooet at his deputy osndet the control of the Coast ; and eeyawitness, afterehis examoination shall haseslosed, shall be at libeety to sorrect the evidence he has given, assd ofeerwaed shall sifn the saote; sosh evideoce ohall he filed ie the office of the Clerk with the papers is the ease. bEC. t4. All pleas shall be swoen so either by she pasties o theie attorneys. bet. 15. The Goveror shall appoint as msany joustises of the Pease as he soap deemo oessarly. jostices of dse Peace shall base crismioal jurisdistion aod sisil jurisdicsion not so tocsed fiftydollars, butsthis shall not extendto the tialof any persos fat msdemaoor asrsehe. The duties of justics of tbs Peaseeshallbe fixed bylas. jusdscesofsthePeoseshtall hold cheie offises durdng good behasioe, subjectatoeovsal by the Gosernar as his aces dissretion. SEt. cb. The Legidlasore maty establish Coasts foe moosisi- pal purposes only, is insorporated towssandsicites. All tacs foe she oeganization oe gassessoeot of Munoicipal Coasts shall be general an their peroisioss, aod he equally applisable to the Munisipol Coots of all osoerporased toons aod cisles. hS. 17. Anyscivilscausemayhbe tied hefore a practdsing attorney as referee upon she application of the parties, and as ardee feoso she Coast ino ses jueisdistion the sass stop he, authordzing sushteial andappointiog soshefere. Suohhreferee shall beep a sosoplete resord of lbs sass, iscluding she evidece takes, and sosh resoed shalt he biled weith she papers is the taco ice the offieof the Clerk,and such causesall besujet tan appeal is the soasses pressribed by lass. hSE. cC. No ashes Coasts than those hereis spesibied shall he organized is this State. hS. ig. The Governsr, byand ssids the advise and cn sect of the besae, shall appoins a State Attosney iac judicial sissuit, sose duties shall he pressrihed by lace. He shall hold his oicse foe loot years feamts he date of his caomii- sion, and oatilIsis sucsessat shall he appoinsed asd qualibied. V8APENIX estates subjest to appeal la .the Cissuis Coast. The County Coast shall hose fall sureogate as proaote possero, hot suhjest so appeal. Psosision shall he ceade by loss foe alt other powers, daties, and responsibidites of the Counsy Coasts and judges. These shall he a regular trial tests of stse Conty C oars six) timaes it sash year,oat sash times and places as cey be pre- scribed by loss. bet. 12. Grand ad petit jursors shall he saben froso tho regisseedvos osferespectdvesounies. SEC.c13. Inaall trials,scivilandscisoinal, inthe Cituit ad County Coasts, she esidesse s-haSl he redused to sositing by lbs Cleek of dse Cases as his deputy usder the sontrol of she Courtc; and testry ssitness, aftershis examsoion shahl hateslosed, shahl beoatlberttoscoretthe eidnceliehas give, adaftserward shall signstse samte;sucheidensedsal hefioed insheofficeof lbs Clerk woiths she papers is the sass. SEt. c4. Alt pleas shall he sorn to tithes by she patties as their attorneys. bEt. c15. The fGovernor s-hall appoins as stoop Jostices Of the Pease as he soap deece secessary. justices of dse Pease shall bate sciinl jurisdiction and sisil jurisdistion sat to eee fiftydollars, but thisssalsot etedto thetrialaofa), person fat msisdesoeanor as csisos. The duties of justices of the Peaseeshalbebsiedhyao. justicsofthe Peasesshallhold sheis offises during good bebasior, subjecstoseosal by the Glovernor as his aces discretion. Sat. cb. The Legislatue soap establish Coasts foe munici-. pal purposes only, is insorpoated towssandscities. All laces fore h agosioaoragoversnmentof Munisipal Coasts shall he gesneral is sheir peovisioss, and be equally applisabls so the Mihciipal Coasts ofuSl incorporated towns and sidies. Sat. 17. Asypsiilbsausesmaybeltied beforesapracicing attorney as referee apes she applisacion of lbs partdes, and as order Peace the Coast is wsejurisdictdan she sass soap he, athorizingsusbstrialand appoiigsushefeee. Suchbtefeee shall beep a scoplete record of the cses issluding the esidense takes, and sash ressoed shall he biled woith the papess is trie sass is the officeof theClerk,oadsuchscauseshallbe subjest ta appeal is the moasner pressrihed by lass. hS. IS. Na ashes Courts shoe those herein spesibied shalt he orgasised is this State. bEe. c5. The Goversor,hbyandcwidhthe advice asd too- sect of she Senate, shall appoint a State Attoreyepin sash judicial sircait, wose duties shalt he pressribed by lace. He shall bald his affise foe four yeats feats the date of his csomii- sion, and ustil hisc successor shall he appointed asd qualified. V8APENIX estate,tsubjectstoappealltotheCircit Cour. The County Coast shall host fall surrogate as probate los-ets, hat subjest to appeal. Peovision shall be studs by lass foe all ashes powoers, duties, ad respossiilisies of tlse Counsy Cossrts and judges. These shall he a reguar trial tests of stse Counsy C ourts six tims sin sash year,uatbchticeesand placsssmayhbepre- scribed by lass. SEC. so. Grand and pedst jursoss shahl he tubes feamts he segisteedsvotersaftespesdsesounodes. hS. 1fl. Inla trials,sciilhandscrimfinal,inthe Circuit and County Corts,the evidenceshall besredused stositinghbythe Clerk of fist Coast as his deputy tinder the sontrol of she Coort ; ted tasty wisoeos, abtet his eamatosion shall boss slated, shall he at liberty so sorrect the esidense bie baa tooe, sod afsessard shall sign stse same; sash esidense shall be filed inthlb offise of the Clerk wish the papers is she sass. hS. 14. All pleas shall he sworna so tithes by the putties as their attorneys. bat. c5. The Goseror shahl appoint as manay josfiossof she Pease as bie soap deeso nesessary. justises of ftse Pease shall hose stimoinal jurisdiction and situl jurisdistions not to tasted fiftydoaras,hbuthis shallsot extendstodts trial of sany peson foe i stldteasotsorcrim. The duties ofJ justices of te Pease shall he hoxed by lass. justices of the Pease shall hold their abusces during good behasior, subjecs so remoal by the Gosvesnotat his aces discretion. hS. 16. The Legisltue soap establish Coasts fat msonsci. pal parposes oniy, is insorporased lassos sand shties. ASl las foe the raeg.osisoc orsgassessoent of Munisipal Courss shalt be general is their provisioss, and he eqally applisable so the Muncipal Coasts of ohl issorporated towss and sidies. hat. t7. Anypsiilhsausesmaypbe tried befose a practicing attorney as refeee uou the application of she partdes, and as order feats the Coat is swhose jurisdistion she sass soap be, authoizing sushtral andappoiing suhefee. bShereferee shall beep a somaplete resord of she ease, insluding the evidense takes, and suscs resord shall he biled woish the papers is see sass is the officeof the Clerk,oandsuchbsause shallhe sujsctsaa appeal is she soanner pressribed by las-. SEC. I&. Na ashes Coasts thus those hereis spesibied shall he orgacized is this Stats. Saa. sq. The Governor,bysandcwiththeadice and sue- sect of the Senats, shall appoint a State Attoresy is sash judicial sirsuit, sshose duties sall he psessribed by lass. He shall bald Isis abusce foe foot yeas froso the date of his tcois' tics, and until his suscessor shall he appointed and qualified.  The Govenoor,by and with the adviceand consenothe Senae, shall appoint ineeach county a Sheriff and Clerk of she Circuit Court,swho shall also hetClerk ofsthe CountyCoutand Board ofCounty Commsissioner-s,Reorder, ad ts-offiio Audito f the cooaty, each of swhomo shall hold his office foe foot years. Theit dotios shall he peesceihed hy late. SEC. so. A costahle shall he elected hy the registerei voters ineactacoanty foreey tsohuded(zo)egiseed voters; but each county shell be enthtled to at leastetwcon- stnhles; and 00 county shall host ooe than tswelte constahls. They shall peefaom such daties and uodersuech insteuctions as shall ho prsctihed hy lao. SEC. 21. Assoreys-at-losc, scho hate heen admsitted to peacieioanouraaof Record is any Staeoflhe Union,acr toany United States Cost, shall headtited toypractice inany Coat of this State o psaducing ecideoce of having heen so ademitsed. ARTICLE VII. SECaTIOa s. Tlereeshsall toe a cahines of odssinisseasivt officers, consitihsg of a Socretary of State, Atstoy-Gleneral, Comspteollee, Teesarer, Surveyor-General, Superiotendetss or Puhlie Istssuction, Adjutant-General, sod Cosmmissionet of To- migration, swho shall assist the Covernsor ints he peeformonce as his daties. SEC. a. The Secretary of State shall keep she records of offieial aess of she Legislaste and eaecasite depaertmens of she goternmets, and shall, wshen reqaired, lay she samte sod all mnastterelative shereso hefoe tithes hraneh of she Legislatose, andeshall hesthe cassodian of the greatseal ofsthe State. SEC. 3. The Astorney-fGeneras shall he a legal adviser of the Gtovernor and of eaeh of she flakiet offices, sod shall pet- fornm such ashes legal dusies as she fGoceros may dittos, at as mtay he provided hy late. He shall he reporses foe she Supreme SC. 4. The Teasurer shall receive and keep all faods, honds or otherssecurtiies in such nsanner as nmay he procided hy lasw, and shall disharse no fands, hoods ar taheto seenrieties to. cops npon she order of the Comsptrolle,countesigned hy the Glocernor, is such maner as shallhe prescarihedhbylaw. SoC. 5. The dusies ofstheComsptroller shall he psescrihed hy SoC. 6. The Surotyor-General shall hats she adnministrative APPEDIX.419 The Govteror, hy and wthhe hadvc and constof the Senate, shall appoint inteach ounty a Sheriff and Clerk of she Circuit Coat, teho shall also besClerkhofheony ourtandfoard of Coanty Commissioners, Recordee, sod es-officio Auditor of she county, each of wehoms shall hold his offiee foe foot yeats. Their duties shall he prescrihed by late. Sec. 2a. A constahle shall he elected hy she registered voesin each couoty fat svoty two hundred (zoo) regissted vates; has each County shll bet entitled to as least twocon- stables; and no couaty shall hate tease shas teelvto constahles. They shall yerform sach doties aod under sack isteoctions a .shall he presocrihed by late. SC. as. Asstoeys-a-lac, teha hace hess admitted so practice in any Courtof Record is any StaeoflthefUon, or so any United States Court, shall he admoitted so practice in any Coat of thtisStateon producing eidenoceof hasing beenoso admitted. ARTICLE VII. SoECTION fIhr shall ise a cahinet of odministeasico officess, consisting of a hecetasy of Stats, Attorey-Gtotesal, Comptroller, Teasaree, Sosccyot-CeneoaI, Superinteodent of Puhlic Instuetion, Adjuanto-General, and Commiosioner of Tmu migration, teho shahl assist the Goceror in the performonce o his dusies. SEC. a. The Secetaey of State shall keep the records of offieial acts of she Legislatore and eaecosite department of the gaoserment, and shall, wnhen sequired, lay she same and all mottoers relasice thereto hefore tithes hranch of the Legislastr, sod shall he she custodian of she get seal of she State. SoC. 3. The Atsosnoy-Gonsea shall he a legal adcioer of she Gocesnos and of each of she Cahinet officess, sod shall pee- fornm sock ashes legal duties as the Gocernor may dittos, sor at mayhbeprocidedhbylan. Hesshallhbereporterefosthe Spreme Coat. SC. 4. The Teasurer shaHl receice and keep aSl funds, hondsosohersecuiies in each manner as may he provided hy laws, and shall dishareto foods, hoods os ash er scasiesies en- cept upon she ordersofhe Comptole,contesigoed hysthe Gocesor, in such manner as shallhbepescribedhbylawe. Soc. 5. The duties ofethe Comptroller shall he prescrihed hy Soc. S. The Surveyor-General shall hate she adlministratice APPEDIX.419 The Governor,hbyandwith the adiceandoonsentofhe Senat, shalloppohintineach conty aSheriff and Clerks of ohs Ciscoit Cones, teho shall also he Clerh of she Coonty Coat and Booed of Caoty Commimsiosers, Recoedes, nd to-officio Audhtor of she caosny, each of wehom shall hold his office foe foot yeats. Their dasies shall he prescrihed hy late. SoC. to. A onstahle shall he elected ky she regiosteed vasters inoeachountsy fortevery twohdrd (a)egisteed ovotes;isut each countyshallbe entitled toat least toco- sookles; sand 00 coanty shaHl hate ore thac toolsvs constables. They shall perfoem each duties and ander sack ionstructions as shallhe prescriboedhby late. SEC. os . Astosseys-at-lssc, wo hoot heen admsitsed so practice in ant-Coast of Record in sany State of thefUon, or tany Uoited Stases Coat, shall 1e adsissted to practice in soy Coat afts State on pradacing ecidence of having been sa admitted. ARTICLE NVII. SoCTION' s. Therae shsall bo a cahinet of admtinistessico officers, consisting of a Secretary of Seats, Attorney-General, Comptrollee, Tesuster, Sasceoa-Geossal, Saperintenden of Puhlic Insraction, Adjusans-General, and Comtmiedioner of IToo msigration, weho shall assist stse Goceror in she perfoemance as his dutis. Soc. a. The Secretary of State shall keep ltherecoedsof official acts of the Legislature and exescasite deparsmest of the government, and shall, whken seqaired, lay ohs same and all mallets solstice sheeto hefore tithes hranck of she Legislosure, and shall he she cussodian of the geas seal of she State. SoC. 3. The Atsarney-Generol shall he a legal adoises of she Governor and of each of she Cahinetlofficess, and shaHl yes- foem each ashes legal dusies as the Gacernoe may dittos, as as mayhbeprocidedhbylaw. He shallhbeeportersforthe Supreme Cones. SEC. a4. The Teasuere shall eceice and keep all foods, bonds at othertecurtities in such mannteras may he procided hy tam, and shall dishburs o fands, honds as ashe se scaretiet so- cept span she ordser of the Comperoller, counsersigned hy she Governor, is such mannertas shallhe psciedby lae. SEC. 5. The dutis of the Comptrollee shall he peescrihed hy law. Soc. S. The Surveyor-Gtotel shall hace the administratice  sutperv'isioo of allsmtersertainsintgto the poblic lansds, usnder soch regulatiosns as shall hr prescribed by law. SEC. 7. The Sopereinteodeot of Public Intructin shall hate the admeioistrative tupeevitioo of all tmattert pertaioisg to poblic isnsteuctions; the supesvisions of buildings devoted to educational pueposes, aod the libearies belonging to the university aod coos- mnschoolt. He shall organize a historical hoeeao lee the pur- poses of accoumalatiog each toatter osd ioformtoaioo asomay he necessary foe cotopiig aod perfectiog she history of she State. He shall alto establish a cabioet of soinealt and otber oatoral peoductions. SoC. S. The Adjutant-Geoceral shall, uodee the oedees of the Goveroor, bate the admoioisteativesuoyeevision of the Military Departmseor andthe supervisioo ofthe State peitton, aod of tbe quaranoise of the coast, it sach moanner as shall e prescribed by Sec. 9. The Coosisiooerof Immsifrationoshallorfanize a Bureeau of Imooigeation fee the purposes of foroishiog informa- tioo, and forethe encouragemseotof imoigatioo. The office of Commtissiooee ofsImmigeation shall expire as the rod Of 15 yeaet fros the eatification of this Coottitosion, bat she Legislatue shall hate the powr to cootioue is by law. SEC. to. Each officeof the Cabinetsthall otahe afullere- poet ofbhis official acts, of the receipts and expenditures of his offic, aod oftberequiremsetof thesaome, to the Goveroor at she beginoing of each regultoctetsion of she Legislature, or swhen- eerethe Governoreshall reqie it. Suchereports shall hr laid before the Legislatore by the Gorernor, at she hegiooiog of each regolarsession thereof. Either House of the Legislatore may, at any time, call upon asp Cahintet offices foe aoy infoemasion reqoired by is. ARTICLE VIII. SECTON s. Is is she paramooot duty of she State so mobs ample provision for the educatioo of all the childrenroesidinsg swithin its bordees, without distisotion or preference. SEC. a. The Legislators shall provide a onifoem system sf common schools, and a untivrsityand shall provide for the liberal maioteoattce of she same. Instructioo its them shall be free. SEC- 3. There shall br a duperistrodeot of Public Instroc- tion,twhosesterm ofoffice shalbe four years, and uotil she ap- pointment aod qualification 9f hs successor. He shall hate supereiison of all matters pertaioiog to she public lands, undr sorb regulations as shall hr prescribed by law'. Soc. 7. The Superioteodeot of Poblic Instructios shall hate she administratie supevision of all mattes prtaining so publie istrucio; thesupervision ofhbildingsdeoted toreducatiooal porposes, aod thr libraries helooging so she oniversity and om- monschools. Hetshallorganiea hissoicalhbueafor therpor- poses of accumulating etch msatter aod iofoermatioo asosay be oecessary for coompiliog and perfectiof she history of the State. He shall also establish a cabioet of msinerals aod otrb natural productions. Soc. &. The Adjutant-General shall, coder she orders of the Goveroor, hare she admoioistratice sopercision of she Military- Departenrtond the sopevision of the hotsts prion, ad of the qearantioe of the coast, an soch moanoner as shall he prescribed by law. SEC. 9. The Commtissioner of Immtigratiootshallorgaoirera Bureao of Immifrationofor the porposes of forishing iforma- tier, aod far therencooragemteofimmigratio. The office of Ciommissiooee of Immigratioo shall copie at she rod of of years from the ratification of this Coostitotion, has she Legislators shall bavs she powr to cootinoe is by law, SEC. s o. Each officereof the Cabioet shall mobs afolle- portsofis official acts, of she receipts and eopeodisues of his office, aod of the requiremeosseof she some, to the Goeroor at she begioniog of each regclas sessioo of she Legislators, or wen- everrtheGornor shall reqeire it. Socheports shall be laid before the Legislators by she Goernoor, as she beginniog of each regolar sessios thereof. Either Hootse of she Legislators may, at any tine, call opon asp Cabioet offices for any ioformatson reqoired by it. ARTICLE VIII. SECeION 1. It is the paramooot doty of the State so mobs ample provisioo for the edecation of all she childrossresiding withio its borders, withous distinction or preference. SEC. a. The Legislasore shall provide a oniform system of common schools, and a univrsity, and shall proside for the liberal maintenasse of the some. Instruction in them shall hr free. SnC- .p Thre shall be a doprintendent of Public Instmuc- tion,-ehosertermof ofieshall befor years, andeuntil the ap- poitment and qualification 9f hi s sucressor. Hr shall bane 400 orPrEtest. suprisiou of all matters petainiug to the poblic lands, under such regulasions as shall hr prescribrd by louw. SnC. 7e. The Superinseodent of Poblic Instroctian shall hue she administrativesuoprision of all matters psertaining to public instruction; the sopervision of hoildings dressted so educational porposes, and ohs libraries beloogiog so the unierisy and com- moo schools. He shall organize a historical bereat fns the per- posessofaccmolaiog each osatter andhinformasioas may hr necessary foe compiig and perfecting she history of the State. He shall also establish a cabioet of miorals and other stural productions. SEC. S. The Adjotaot-General shall, tndr the orders of the Governor, bate rho admioistrative supeecision of she Militarc Deportment and she supervisien of te State prisot, aod of sh~e quearantine of she coat, io soch osaoner as shall he prescribed by late. SEC. 9. TIheComtmissioner of Immigration shall organizera Bureae of Immigration for she purposes of fuosishing informa- tien, and forstherncouagemnt of imomigration. The office of Commissioeroflimmigratioo shahl rexpire as the end oftf5 years froos the ratificatioo of this Constitsstion, bat she Legislatue chaff boor the power to continoe is by lose. SEC. so. Each offices of the Gabiner shall mahe a fall re- portsof his official acts, ofthe rceipts ad eopeoditures of his office, and of therquiremenosoof thr same, so the Governor at she heginning of each rogelar sessioo of she Legislatue, or wchen- sever she Governortshalreqire is. Soch reports shahl hr laid before she Legislators by she Govrnoor, at she beginning of rec reglar session, threof. Either Hootse of she Legislators may, at any time, call upoo asp Cabinet officer for aoy information reqoired by it. ARTICLE VIII. SECION 1. It is she paramoont duty of the State to makr ample prosision for she edocasion of all she childeno restiding within ire borders, without distinction or preference. SEC. a. The Legislators shall provide a oniform system of common schools, and a univrsity, and shall provide for the liberal maintrnancee of the some. Instruction in them shall he free. SnC- 3. There shall br a doprintendens of Public Instruc- tion, whose seem of office shall hr four years, and until the ap- pointment and qualification qf hi s successor. He shall hoe  APPENDIX. 421 general supervision of the educational interests of the State. His duties shall be prescribed by law. SEc. 4. The common school fund, the interest of which shall be exclusively applied to the support and maintenance of common schools, and purchase of suitable libraries and apparatus therefor, shall be derived from the following sources: the pro- ceeds of all lands that have been or may hereafter be granted to the State by the United States for educational purposes; dona. tions by individuals for educational purposes; appropriations by the State; the proceeds of lands or other property which may accrue to the State by escheat or forfeiture; the proceeds of all property granted to the State, when the purpose of such grant shall not be specified; all moneys which may be paid as an ex- emption from military duty; all fines collected under the penal laws of this State; such portion of the per capita tax as may be prescribed by law for educational'purposes; 25 per centum of the sales of public lands which are now or which hereafter may be owned by the State. SEc. 5. A special tax of not lessthan one mill on the dollar of all taxable property in the State, in addition to the other means provided, shall be levied and apportioned annually for the support and maintenance of common schools. SEC. 6. The principal of the common school fund shall re- main sacred and inviolate. SEC. 7. Provision shall be made by law for the distribution of the common school fund, among the several counties of the State, in proportion to the number of children residing therein, between the ages of 4 and 21 years. SEC. 8. Each county shall be required to raise annually by tax, for the support of common schools therein, a sum not less than one-half of the amount apportioned to each county for that year from the income of the common school fund. Any school district neglecting to establish and maintain for at least three months in each year such school or schools as may be provided by law for such district, shall forfeit its portion of the common school fund during such neglect. SEc. 9. The Superintendent of Public Instruction, Secretary of State, and Attorney-General shall constitute a body corporate to be known as the Board of Education of Florida. The Super- intendent of Public Instruction shall be the President thereof. The duties of the Board of Education shall be prescribed by the Legislature. APPENDIX. 421 general supervision of the educational interests of the State. His duties shall be prescribed by law. SEC. 4. The common school fund, the interest of which shall be exclusively applied to the support and maintenance of common schools, and purchase of suitable libraries and apparatus therefor, shall be derived from the following sources: the pro- ceeds of all lands that have been or may hereafter be granted to the State by the United States for educational purposes; dona- tions by individuals for educational purposes; appropriations by the State; the proceeds of lands or other property which may accrue to the State by escheat or forfeiture; the proceeds of all property granted to the State, when the purpose of such grant shall not be specified; all moneys which may be paid as an ex- emption from military duty; all fines collected under the penal laws of this State; such portion of the per capita tax as may be prescribed by law for educational'purposes; 25 per centum of the sales of public lands which are now or which hereafter may be owned by the State. SEC. 5. A special tax of not lessthan one mill on the dollar of all taxable property in the State, in addition to the other means provided, shall be levied and apportioned annually for the support and maintenance of common schools. SEC. 6. The principal of the common school fund shall re- main sacred and inviolate. SEC. 7. Provision shall be made by law for the distribution of the common school fund, among the several counties of the State, in proportion to the number of children residing therein, between the ages of 4 and 21 years. SEC. 8. Each county shall be required to raise annually by tax, for the support of common schools therein, a sum not less thanone-half of the amount apportioned to each county for that year from the income of the common school fund. Any school district neglecting to establish and maintain for at least three months in each year such school or schools as may be provided by law for such district, shall forfeit its portion of the common school fund during such neglect. SEc. 9. The Superintendent of Public Instruction, Secretary of State, and Attorney-General shall constitute a body corporate to be known as the Board of Education of Florida. The Super- intendent of Public Instruction shall be the President thereof, The duties of the Board of Education shall be prescribed by the Legislature. APPENDIX. 42r general supervision of the educational interests of the State. His duties shall be prescribed by law. SEC. 4. The common school fund, the interest of which shall be exclusively applied to the support and maintenance of common schools, and purchase of suitable libraries and apparatus therefor, shall be derived from the following sources: the pro- ceeds of all lands that have been or may hereafter be granted to the State by the United States for educational purposes; dona. tions by individuals for educational purposes; appropriations by the State; the proceeds of lands or other property which may accrue to the State by escheat or forfeiture; the proceeds of all property granted to the State, when the purpose of such grant shall not be specified; all moneys which may be paid as an ex- emption from military duty; all fines collected under the penal laws of this State; such portion of the per capita tax as may be prescribed by law for educational'purposes; 25 per centum of the sales of public lands which are now or which hereafter may be owned by the State. SEC. 5. A special tax of not lessthan one mill on the dollar of all taxable property in the State, in addition to the other means provided, shall be levied and apportioned annually for the support and maintenance of common schools. SEC. 6. The principal of the common school fund shall re- main sacred and inviolate. SEC. 7. Provision shall be made by law for the distribution of the common school fund, among the several counties of the State, in proportion to the number of children residing therein, between the ages Of 4 and 21 years. SEC. 8. Each county shall be required to raise annually by tax, for the support of common schools therein, a sum not less than one-half of the amount apportioned to each county for that year from the income of the common school fund. Any school district neglecting to establish and maintain for at least three months in each year such school or schools as may be provided by law for such district, shall forfeit its portion of the common school fund during such neglect. SEc. 9. The Superintendent of Public Instruction, Secretary of State, and Attorney-General shall constitute a body corporate to be known as the Board of Education of Florida. The Super- intendent of Public Instruction shall be the President thereof. The duties of the Board of Education shall be prescribed by the Legislature.  422 APPENDIX. ARTICLE IX. HOM1ESTEAD. SECTION 1. A homestead, to the extent of 16 acres ofland, or the half of one acre, within the limits of any incorporated city ee town, owned by the head of a family residing in this State, 1ogether with $1,oo worth of personal property, and the im- provements on the real estate, shall be exempted from forced sale under any process of law, and the real estate shall not be alienable without the joint consent of husband and wife, when hat relation exists. But no property shall be exempt from sale or taxes, or for the payment of obligations contracted for the purchase of said premises, or for the action of improvements thereon, or for house, field.or other labor performed on the same. The exemption herein provided for in a city or town ,hall not extend to more improvements or buildings than the residence and business house of the owner. SCc. 2. In addition to the exemption provided for in the nrst section of this article, there shall be and remain exempt from sale, by any legal process in the State, to the head of a family residing in this State, such property as he or she may select, to the amount of $1,ooo; said exemption in this section shall only prevent the sale of property in cases where the debt was contracted, liability incurred. or judgment obtained before the teth day of May, A. D. 1865. Nothing herein contained shall be so construed as to exempt any property from sale for payment of the purchase money of the same, or for the payment of taxes or labor. SEC. 3. The exemption provided for in sections one and two of this article shall accrue to the heirs of the party having enjoyed or taken the benent of such exemption, and the ex- emption provided for in section one of this article shall apply to all debts, except as specified in said section, no matter when or where the debt was contracted or liability incurred. ARTICLE X. PUBLIC INSTITUTIONS. SECTION t. Institutions for the benefit of the insne, blind and deaf, and such other benevolent institutions as the public good may require, shall be fostered and supported by the State, ubject to such regulations as may be provided by law. SEC. 2. A State prison shall be established and maintained in such manner as may be fixed by law. Provisions may be made by law for the establishment and maintenance of a house 422 APPENDIX. ARTICLE IX. HO)lFSTVAD. SECTION I. A homestead, to the extent of 16o acres of land, or the half of one acre, within the limits of any incorporated city ee town, owned by the head of a family residing in this State, iogether with $,ooo worth of personal property, and the im- provements on the real estate, shall be exempted from forced sale under any process of law, and the real estate shall not be alienable without the joint consent of husband and wife, when that relation exists. But no property shall be exempt from sale for taxes, or for the payment of obligations contracted for the purchase of said premises, or for the action of improvements thereon, or for house, fieldor other labor performed on the same. The exemption herein provided for in a city or town shall not extend to more improvements or buildings than the residence and business house of the owner. Sac. 2. In addition to the exemption provided for in the first section of this article, there shall be and remain exempt from sale, by any legal process in the State, to the head of a family residing in this State, such property as he or she may select, to the amount of $,ooo; said exemption in this section shall only prevent the sale of property in cases where the debt was contracted, liability incurred. or judgment obtained before the Toth day of May, A. D. 1865. Nothing herein contained shall be so construed as to exempt any property from sale for payment of the purchase money of the same, or for the payment o~f taxes or labor. SEC. 3. The exemption provided for in sections one and two of this article shall accrue to the heirs of the party having enjoyed or taken the benefit of such exemption, and the ex- etmption provided for in section one of this article shall apply to all debts, except as specified in said section, no matter when or where the debt was contracted or liability incurred. ARTICLE X. PUBLIC INSTITUTIONS. SECTION I. Institutions for the benefit of the insne, blind and deaf, and such other benevolent institutions as the public good may require, shall be fostered and supported by the State, eubject to such regulations as may be provided by law. SEC. 2. A State prison shall be established and maintained in such manner as may be fixed by law. Provisions may be made by law for the establishment and maintenance of a house 422 APPENDIX. ARTICLE IX. HOM1ESTEAD. SECTioN I. A homestead, to the extent of tho acreS ofland, r the half of one acre, within the limits of any incorporated city r town, owned by the head of a family restiding in this State, together with $1,ooo worth of personal property, and the im- provements on the real estate, shall be exempted from forced sale under any process of law, and the real estate shall not be alienable without the joint consent of husband and wife, when that relation exists. But no property shall be exempt from sale for taxes, or for the payment of obligations contracted for the purchase of said premises, or for the action of improvements thereon, or for house, held.or other labor performed on the same. The exemption herein provided for in a city or town ,hall not extend to more improvements or buildings than the residence and business house of the owner. SEC. 2. In addition to the exemption provided for in the nrst section of this article, there shall be and remain exempt from sale, by any legal process in the State, to the head of a family residing in this State, such property as he or she may select, to the amount of $,ooo; said exemption in this section shall only prevent the sale of property in cases where the debt was contracted, liability incurred. or judgment obtained before the toth day of May, A. D. 1865. Nothing herein contained shall be so construed as to exempt any property from sale for payment of the purchase money of the same, or for the payment ,f taxes or labor. SEC. 3. The exemption provided for in sections one and two of this article shall accrue to the heirs of the party having enjoyed or taken the benefit of such exemption, and the ex- etmption provided for in section one of this article shall apply to aft debts, except as specified in said section, no matter when or where the debt was contracted or liability incurred. ARTICLE X. PUBLIC INSTITUTIONS. SECTION t. Iristitutions foT the benefit of the insne, blind and deaf, and such other benevolent institutions as the public good may require, shall be fostered and supported by the State, ubject to such regulations as may be provided by law. SEc. 2. A State prison shall be established and maintained in such manner as may be fixed by law. Provisions may be made by law for the establishment and maintenance of a house  of refogo for juvcenile offeodets, aod the Legislatore tholl haeo power to establish o hoote anorakhooce foe omo a SCc. 3. The respoective coooties of the State tholl provide inthe ototner fixed hy loo foe thote of the iohahitacts echo hy reasoo of age, onfeotityor toistoetaoec,otay havoe cloaims opon ,he ait aod cyompty of tociety. ASTICLE XI. SFOcoto Aft abtic odied mtaic iohabftanco of chiehtate be- tenthe afec f tfaod at ceateceha ace titiaeoscf the United Stts rhate declaed cheie inceocioot to hecoece citizecs cheroof, chaff conscicute cte emilicia of the State, htut to ml citizen, of wchatecec religiout creed 00 opfnion, ohall he eoempt feoom moilitaey duty, except uoe tech cooditiooc at moay he pee- sceihed hy law. FC. a. The Legislature theft prooide hy face foe oegacizicg cod distiplioing the moilitia of the State foe the'eocoeeagecect of v-olunoeercoeps, the safe heeyiog of the yohlic octet, cod for a guard foe the State prison. SC. 3. The Adjotant-Geceeatoshaf hate the geadeof Major- Ghenetal. The Goveecoe, hy acd cwiththe concenc of the See- ace, theft appoiot toco Major-Gecerals aod foor Beigadiee Gec- eeals of ocilitia. They chaff cahe each accoeding to date of theirctommoissionc. The officees cod coldiecs of thehctate mitfitia, wehen onifoooed, chaff owe the onifoert pecreibed for the Uchted Statec aetmy. Sc. 4. The (Goverore chaff hate powcee to calf out the coil- itia to preeeee the puhlic peace, to eoecote the laccs of the Stat;, aod cosuypesisrrcinorrplinain ARTICLE XIS. SECoTON t. The Legistatere chaff peocide foe aauiformo cod equal eate oftaoatioo, andeshall preccehe tech eegulattons as shall cecuee a juct caloation of oft peopeety, both teal cnd per- sonalf,exceptingtsuch peopeety ascoayhbe exempcedhbytlawfoe munoicipal, edocational, literaey, scieotihic, religtousoe charitable purposes. SEC. a. The Legtclature chaff peovide foe eaiingeveence cufficientco defray the expeosec of the State foreeach ficalyear, of eefu~ge foe joveoile offeoders, cod the Legislacuee chaff face yotcer to eotahhish a hoome cod wcorhhouce fee cotoo va- SCc. 3. The ereypecte coecntiec of the State chall peoeide an the eeanner fixed hy fact foe thoce of the iohabitaots etc by teasonoofage, iofcootity orceftortuest,cmay have cltmstpon tIeaid aodsymtyhofcotiety. ASTICI.E XI. SE(1710oc.4Alltitle hodied cafe iohahitaots of chit State he- tween tce agesof t8 aod 45 years, whocaecitizenstof the Uoited Sttso hate declaeed theireintentioos to hecomte citizect thcereof, chaff conccitote the cmilitia of the State, hbct tto male cicizen, of thatecer religious cooed oe opinon, chaff he exempt frocm coltcry duty, eoceyc uon soch coodidiocs cc may he pee- sceihed hy fate. fECc a. The Legislature chaff procide hy tact foe oegactaicg and disciplining the militia of the State foe theencooeagemect, of vatoteet orpc, the cafe keeyictg of the puhfic aermc, cod foe a guard fat the State peiso00. SC. 3. The Adjutant-General chaff hate the grade of Major- tGeceeal. The Coceenoe, by cod cwith the consent of the See- ate, chefl apcpoint coo Mcajoe-Geceeac cod foue Betgadiee Gen- eralo of mcilitia. They chaff tahe each accoeding to date of theie commitcsions. The officeec cod soldiees of thefState miltia, cehen onifotmed, chaff weae the ceifoece peceihed foe the Uoited Statec aemy. SC. 4. The Goveeore chaff hate yowoer to callout the mil. Iia to preeeee the yohlic peace, co execcte the facet of the Stat;, andcoopyeccinsterectionoreeeinvaioo. ARTICLE XII. SCoTION . 'The Legislatuee chaff peovide toe a unifoem ad eqoalrof eecaatio,andhall pecribe tech eeguations as shallseccee ajostcvaluatiof allpeopeeyh otheat andpec- toccf, exceptingtauch peopeecy astmaybe eempted hylaeftor municipal, educational, lteraey, scijencific, religiocs oe chartable pureposes- SEC. a. The Legislature chaff peevide foe eaisicgeeee cofficiect to defray the eoyensesof the State foe each fscaltyeo, of reftge for jotecie offendees, and the Legislatue chaff hate poere to establish a hoome ad ceoekhoose foe commonca Ott. 3. The recyective caonies of the State chaff peovide to the ocanoner fcxed hy face foe choce of the inhahicancs echo by reasonoof age, iffteatty or misfotnese,,may hate claims uon the a id aod sympaothy of societ y. AIOTICIE XL. SE( ONat I. All of te hodied ocote onhahicancs of chit State he- tcceete agetofcfand 4 years,cwhoearectioeocofthe Uited Stts rhate declared dheirintetons to becomee citizent thereof, chaff cooccicuce the moilicia of the State, hoc to male ctizen, of wehacevee reehgiouscreeed oeopiio, chefl he exempt Seem coltaty doty, excepc uoo tech cooditiont at may he pee- sceihed hy face. SC. a. Trhe Legislatueshal peocide hy face foe organizing and dicciyliniog the ceilidia of the State foe tbe'eecooeagemec of voluetce, cocpc, the cafe beepiog of the puhlic aermc, cod foe a gared foe the State pricon. fC. 3. The Adjutant-Ceneeal tholl hate the geadeaf Maore Gieneea. The Goveeore, hy cod ceith the cocceet of the See- ace, chaff aypoint too Mhajoe-Geneeals cod foue Beigadiee Gen- erasoft mfoilita. They shallcthe each accoeding to date of their conmciccitec. 'The officers cod coldiert of thefState militia, cohto unifoemed, chaff ceae the onifoem yecribed foe the Uoited Staee aemy. fC. 4. The Governorechallhaveyoweer tocall otche mil- itato peeeee the puhfic peace, to ececute the facet of the Stat;, acdttoyupessInsueetionor ee nain ARTICLE XII. SETIeON 1. The Legislatuee chaff yrovide toe a unifoem cod equal tote of caaon, cod chaff pecrtihe tech eegulations as shallcecueea justauationof all propeety,hbotherealad pe- coocl, exceptingfsuch peopeety astmayhbeexemptedhbyoawfor municipal, educational, liceeaey, scientific, religiouc oe chaitable porpose. Sot, a. The Legicfature chaff peovide fee eaiciogereveoue sufficientto defray the expenes of the State foreach ficacl year;  424 APPENDIX. and also a sufficient sum to pay the principal and interest of the existing indebtedness of the State. SEC. 3. No tax shall be levied, except in pursuance of law. SEC. 4. No moneys shall be drawn from the treasury, except in pursuance of appropriations made by law. SEC- 5. An accurate statement of the receipts and expendi- tures of the public moneys shall be published with the laws of each regular session of the Legislature. SEC. 6. The Legislature shall authorize the several counties and incorporated towns in the State to impose taxes for county and corporation purposes, and for no other purpose, and all property shall be taxed upon the principle established for State taxation. The Legislature may also provide for levying a special capitation tax and tax on licenses. But the capitation tax shall not exceed $ per annum for all purposes, either for State, county or municipal taxes. SEC. 7. The Legislature shall have power to provide for issuing State bonds bearing interest, for securmg the debt of the State, and for the erection of State buildings, support of State institutions and perfecting public works. SEC. 8. No tax shall be levied upon persons for the benefit of any chartered company of the State, or for payingithe interest on any bonds issued by said chartered companies, or by coun- ties, or by corporations, for the above mentioned purposes. ARTICLE XII. CENSUS AND APPOINTMENT. SECTION s. The Legislature shall in the year 1875, and every tenth year thereafter, cause an enumeration to be made of all the inhabitants of the State, and they shall then proceed to ap- portion'the representation amongthe different counties, giving to each county one reprepresentative at large, and one additional to every s,ooo registered voters therein, but no county shall be en- titled to more than four representatives. SEC. 2. The Legislature shall, also, after every such enu- meration, proceed to fix by tam the number of Senators which shall constitute the Senate of Florida, and which shall never be less than one-fourth, nor more than one-half of the whole num- ber of the Assembly. When any Senatorial district shall be composed of two or more counties, the counties of which such district consists shall not be entirely separated by any county belonging to another district, and all codnties shall remain as now organized unless changed by a two-thirds vote of both houses of the Legislature. 424 APPENDIX. and also a sufficient sum to pay the principal and interest of the existing indebtedness of the State. SEC. 3. No tax shall be levied, except in pursuance of law. SEC. 4. No moneys shall be drawn from the treasury, except in pursuance of appropriations made by law. SEC. 5. An accurate statement of the receipts and expendi- tures of the public moneys shall be published with the laws of each regular session of the Legislature. SEC. 6. The Legislature shall authorize the several counties and incorporated towns in the State to impose taxes for county and corporation purposes, and for no other purpose, and all property shall be taxed upon the principle established for State taxation. The Legislature may also provide for levying a special capitation tax and tax on licenses. _ But the capitation tax shall not exceed $s per annum for all purposes, either for State, county or municipal taxes. SEc. 7. The Legislature shall have power to provide for issuing State bonds bearing interest, for securing the debt of the State, and for the erection of State buildings, support of State institutions and perfecting public works. SEC. 8. No tax shall be levied upon persons for the benefit of any chartered company of the State, or for payingithe interest on any bonds issued by said chartered companies, or by coun- ties, or by corporations, for the above mentioned purposes. ARTICLE XIII. CENSUS AND APPOINTMENT. SECTION I. The Legislature shall in the year 1875, and every tenth year thereafter, cause an enumeration to be made of all the inhabitants of the State, and they shall then proceed to ap- portion'the representation among the different counties, giving to each county one reprepresentative at large, and one additional to every 1,ooo registered voters therein, but no county shall be en- titled to more than four representatives. SEC. 2. The Legislature shall, also, after every such enu- meration, proceed to fix by law the number of Senators which shall constitute the Senate of Florida, and which shall never be less than one-fourth, nor more than one-half of the whole num- ber of the Assembly. When any Senatorial district shall be composed of two or more counties, the counties of which such district consists shall not be entirely separated by any county belonging to another district, and all cotinties shall remain as now organized unless changed by a two-thirds vote of both houses of the Legislature. 424 APPENDIX. and also a sufficient sum to pay the principal and interest of the existing indebtedness of the State. SEc. 3. No tax shall be levied, except in pursuance of law. SEC. 4. No moneys shall be drawn from the treasury, except in pursuance of appropriations made by law. SEC. 5. An accurate statement of the receipts and expendi- tures of the public moneys shall be published with the laws of each regular session of the Legislature. SEC. 6. The Legislature shall authorize the several counties and incorporated towns in the State to impose taxes for county and corporation purposes, and for no other purpose, and all property shall be taxed upon the principle established for State taxation. The Legislature may also provide for levying a special capitation tax and tax on licenses. _ But the capitation tax shall not exceed $1 per annum for all purposes, either for State, county or municipal taxes. SEC. 7. The Legislature shall have power to provide for issuing State bonds bearing interest, for securing the debt of the State, and for the erection of State buildings, support of State institutions and perfecting public works. SEC. 8. No tax shall be levied upon persons for the benefit of any chartered company of the State, or for payingithe interest on any bonds issued by said chartered companies, or by coun- ties, or by corporations, for the above mentioned purposes. ARTICLE XIIL CENSUS AND APPOINTMENT. SECTION I. The Legislature shall in the year 1875, and every tenth year thereafter, cause an enumeration to be made of all the inhabitants of the State, and they shall then proceed to ap- portion'the representation among the dsfferent counties, giving to each county one reprepresentative at large, and one additional to every ,ooo registered voters therein, but no county shall be en- titled to more than four representatives. SEC. a. The Legislature shall, also, after every such enu- meration, proceed to fix by law the number of Senators which shall constitute the Senate of Florida, and which shall never be less than one-fourth, nor more than one-half of the whole num- ber of the Assembly. When any Senatorial district shall be composed of two or more counties, the counties of which such district consists shall not be entirely separated by any county belonging to another district, and all cointies shall remain as now organzed unless changed by a two-thirds vote of both houses of the Legislature.  APPEDIX.425 ARTICLE XIV. SECTON I. Every male persn of the age of twenty-one yeats and upwoards, of whateversrace, color, nationality nr preet. ncondition, on who shall at the tinteof offering to vote be a -nitinen of the United Stases, oe snho shatl hane dectared hit in- tentinst to henome sach in cnfnentity tn the toot nf the United States, and swho shall hane resided and had his hahitatin, donmi- nile, home and plane of peemanent abode in Floeida foe one yeae, and in the sonoty foe six months, next peeding the eec tin at which he thall offer to note, shsall he deemed a qualified -elentoe as all elentions under this nonstitution. Every eleco shall, as the te of Isis regittion, take and subsneihe to the folloswing oath~ :I, --,do solemnly swear that I twill -suppoet, peotect and defenn the Constitutin and Governsment of the United States, and the Constitution and Governmnent of the State of Florida, against all enemies, foreignorn domstric; that I will heat tre faith, loyalty and allegiance to the Sante, any ordi- nac'or resolutiints of any State Convention on Legislature to the nontrary nnoithstanding: so help ott Gad. SEn. a. No peeson stnder gnardianship, non nompos mentis no nsane, shall he qualified to vote at any election, noe shall any personsconvicted of felony he qnalified so note at any election unless restored so civil rights. SEn-.3. Aloofy election attwhichancitizen oesuhjectnf any foreignncountey shall offer to note, ander the provsiont of thit Constitution, he shall pretest to the persots lawfully authoeized toncondont and supervise sochelection a duly sealedandnceti- fied copy of his declaratin of intention ; otheewise he shall not be allowredto vote; and any naturealized citizen offeeing to vole shall pendant hefore said persons lawfhully authorized to condast and supervise the election, his ceetifScatt of natuealiaation, or a daly sealed and cetifiedncopy theeeof; otherwise he shall not he permitted to vote. SC. 4. lhe Legislature shall bane ynwer aed shall enact the nenessary laws so exclude from every nffice of boore, poswer, trest oe profit, civil or military, witbin the State, and ftom the eight oftsuferage, all peesons consisted of bribery, perjary, lat- ceny, ot nf isfamous stint, or n-ho shall smake or sendoreaccettt a challenge so fight, or swho shall Se a second to either party, or be the beaee of suchl challenge oe acceptance: hat the legal din. ability sholl not ancerte until aftee trial and cnniction by due form of lawe. SEn. 5. In all elections by the Legislaturee the vote shall lot APPEDIX.425 ARTICLE XIV. Ssnnso I. Entry male person of the age of twenty-one years and upwards, nf whatevee tone, coloe, nationality or press. ous condition, or who shall at the tisme of offering so note be a ,citizenof the United Stases, oe weho shall hone declaeed his in. tensions to hecome sash in conformsity to the laws of the United States, and who shall hoot resided aod had his habitation, domi- -nile, home and plane ofypeemanent abode in Florida foe one year, and in the cousnty foe sis months, nest preeding the tes.c tin as ohicS he shall offer to note, sall he deemed a qnalified elector us all electionsaunderethisncostittion. Evry elector shall, at the tlate nf his registeation, take and subsceibe to the folloing oath: I, --, do solemnly swneae that I still suppot, pretn and defena the Constitutin and Goverrsment of the United Stases, and the Cnnstitution atsd Government of tbe State of Florida, against all enemies, foreign oredosmestic; that I weill hear trne faith, Inyolsy' and allegiance to the sante, any ordi- nances ot resolaiots nf any State Convention at Legislature no the contrary notweithstanding: so holy me God. San. a. No person andr gardianship, non campos intia or insane, shall he qualified to note at any election, nor shall any person conicted of felony be qnalified to note at any election unless restored to civil eights. Son. 3. As any election at which a citizen or snbject of any foreign country shall offer to note, nder the pennisions of Ibis Constitution, he shall presesnt to the persons lawfully authorized o conduct and supervisennuch election a duly staled and certi- fied copy of his declaration of intention ; otherwise he shall not be allowed tosvote; and any natuealiaed citizen offering to tote shall ptoduce before said peesons lawfully authoeined so conduct and supervisrtheelection, his certificatef atualization,or a daly sealed and certified copy thereof; otherwise he shalt not be prmitted to vnte. SEC. 4~. Ike Legislatue shall sane powr and shall enact the necessary laws tn exclutde from esveryofficeoflsnor, power, tease or peafit, civil or military, within the State, and from the Tight ofsffrage, all persons convisted of bribery, perjury, oar. ceny, or of infamous ceisme, or n-ho shall msake on see doe accet15 a challenge so fight, or on shall be a secnd to tither patty, or he the bearer of such challenge oe acceptance; but the legal dis- ability shall not ancerte unotil of tee trial and conviction by doe form of lose. Son. 5. In all electins by tbe Legislature the note shall be APPENIX. 45 ARTICLE XIV. SECeTIN s. Every male person of the age of twenty-one years and upwcaeds, of whatever tune, noloe, nationality or preti. 000 condition, oe wba shall at the titne of offering soone he a citizen of the United States, at who shall hone declaed his in- tentions to become sash in conformsity so the loses of the United Stases, and wbo shall hone resided and bad his habitation, domni- ncile, home and plane nf permanent abode in Florida foe ne year, and in the county foe sis- months, neon preceding the elec- tion as which hr shall offer so note, shsall he deemed a qualified elector as all elections under this cnstitution. Eseey elector shall, at the tinse of his registeation, take and subscribe to the following oth: I, --, do solemnlyeswar that I wsill support, protect and drfena the Contitumto and Goentment of the United States, and the Constitutin ansd Governmeet of the State of Florida, against all enemies, foreign nor dotmesticn; that I mill heat tre faith, Inyalty and allegiance tn the same, any ordi- Dnoes oe eaolutins of any State Convention nor Legislature to the conteary notwcithstanding: so help me God. SEC. a. No person stnder guardianship, non compos mentis or insane, shall be qualified so note 01001' election, oe shall ant' person convicted of felonyhbe qealified so note at any election unless restored to cioll tights. SEc. 3. At nnelection atowhicbacitizenortsubject of any foreign country shall offer to note, andr the provisions of this Constitution, he shall present to the persons lawfully authorized to conduet and supernisesuchtlection a duly sealedandnerti- fied copy of his declaration of intention ; otherwise be shall net be allowed sanvoe; and any naturalizediinen offering so note shall produce befoe said persnon' lawfally authorized so conduct and supervisrtheelection, hiscrtiicatef natrlization,sora duly staled and certified copy thereof; otherwisebhe shall not be prmitted In ote. SEC. 4o. The Legislatuee shall save yower and shall enact ohernecessary laws to exclttde from evry office of honor, power, torust or penit, civil or military, within the State, and from the night of suffeagr, all persons cnvicted of brihery, petjury, lar- cony, orof infamoutscimne, or n-ho shall tmakenorsendntr accepte a challenge to fight, nor so shall boo asecond toe ither party, or be the berer of sutch challenge or anneptanne; hut the legal din- ability shall notacrue utteil after trial ond cnvictin by doe form of lawe. Son. 5. In all elections by the Legislaturee the note shall he  ,,vv ctan io oil elections by bhe people bhe tote sholl be by Soc . 6. The Legislatore ot itsrt s ession oftee the radfico- ICnn ef this Constitution sholl, by law, provide foe tbe regiotro- tin by tbe Cleeb of tbe Circuit Couet io ehonoy of ail tbe legally qoolified voters in sochbcoonty, ond for tbe retcurns of eleotios o nd oboll olso provide tbat ofteretbeoopletioo, froo te to titme, of suohbeegiteotion, 00 person not dolly eegisteed according to Iow sball be ollow-ed to v-ote. SoC. 7. Tbe Legislatuee sball enact loot requoiring educo- tional qualifications foe electort oboer tbe yeaoe thousondeight hondredaod eigbty, btoesuch loot c-bll be madeoapplicble tooony elecoe-bocooybhaveregistetod oevotedoat aoy eletion, ARTICLE XV. ScyooIhtll odinaocesoand eetolticioooheetfoe- paoted bvyoooeotioo of tbe people, oodoall Actso ood ecto- htosof the tegislotute confolicting 00 ioconsitentowitb tho ConstitutionoofcbheUnitedhooates ood cbecsatoesotbereof, ood ,'hb thisoConstituono,andinoderogotionoof tbeooxistentceorepo- sihion of tilehtateas ooe of tbh tateo of tbetUnited Stotet ol Areetcoare herebydclareodoouloadvoid andofocfect. SC. 2. Thatoall Actsoadesolutions of theGeeralAset - bly, and ofl officiol Acto of thet clotil officero of the Soate, not to. cossetwihtePocitionst of thee Coootitution ottd stotteOf bhe United Stotet, or with this Constitutioo, oe with ony oefi- n, oe or esotionioadopted bythis onvcenion,oadwich boo-c not boenondoeaom ot btisConsttoon aonuoled, oreeinforce, andtshallbe consideredoand esteemced os tbe lawso of the bott untiloosu~chct oreoolotioooebhal be reeaeled by the L~egil- tote of the foote 00 tbis onvoeotioo. SECc 3. All laws of tbe Scote tooted by the to-colled Gee- tal Assemnblysionce eotb dayof January, A. U. 1861, 000 conflietingowith the cooed or spirit of tbe Constitutin and loot- of tbo United Sctt, 00 with thic Contitton oboll be volid. All 0riebb acts, poceedhngs, judgmoento ocd deceestof tbe to- calledcourtsoof tbeState, ohere ococol serewasoo-oode ooobto defeodnt; ofl executions and toles otodo obereunder, od oll acts, ordersaod proceedingo of dole judges of Peoboteo nd of eeutnodminitrtors, goordians ond trustes, ptncideddohey oeo ntconformitywithbtbolawstthenoi foroe, ond didenotcon- lict with the Constictution and loos of the United States and tolo viavcadit oil electionst i- tcc ipeole cte tote oboll be ho SEC. 6. The Legisloture no ito first oeooion oboer the etotifico- nnof chic Cootiticon tholl, by loo, provide foe the oegito- ionbyctheCerk ofhe CircuitCourtoio eh conty of ofl doe legally qoalified coters in such county, and foe the returns of elecionso and thoul aloo provido thoc oft er te completion, fenom i~eto 0000, of such eegittion, no personot 000 dly registered oCCOnding to loot tholl he alliowed to tote. SoC. 7. The Legislooure ohall enat boot requ~iring educa- tional quoalifecatinso foreolectorc ofter ihe yeor 000 thootaod eight hundeed anod eighty, hu o 00c lawsl boshalf he moode apblicble toany electnowhoomayhaveoregiotered orvotedot aoyoeeiono j-ecviooothoereto. ARTICILE XV. Scitoo c. That obl ordintnoeso aod crcsolots hertoforo patoedhby onycoeeoiooof theopeope,andoallActsoaodreo lutiono of tho L~egisltutoe cootSlicting 00 inconsiotet wcith cil- Conotitutonoofoho UnitedbState aod the statuoteo teeof, and wtic chit Consiton~o, and 10 derogation of tbe existence 00 po- siionof toeho Sttoa oneoof doe Stateo of the United Stotesof Ameria,oreheeby delared nullaodovoidand of oeffect. SEc. z. That ofl Acts aod restlutions of the GoeeralAsseto- hip, and oil ofii Atc of tho cioll offierco of toe State, toti- c;onsistentoo dothte proviions of te Constitution aod sottuteoof obo Uoied tteo,oocihb tisConsitotion, orwih any ordi- nnceor reolotion adopted by Solo conventilon, ond owhich bovo othbeenooodoaeotobytisContituion oannulled, ate i0 force, andtshollbeoconoideredoaod esteemced oo the loaco of doe Stoat- roniiosuch Actoroeenoolttionoshall be reipealed lo te Legisla- tote of the foote 00 chit conveonon. SEC. 3. All loot of the Stote totted by doe so-tolled Un- ea]Attemobytsincethetloth dayof joooooy, A. D. o86t, not Conoflitigith te wordorotpiritofdtContittonond loacs oof the Unhted Stocet, 00 with chit Constitutono, tholl he tollid. ASl wrts, acts, prceedings, judgmnots ood dectees of the to- cofledouorto ofcthefStote, w-hereactulserviceowaocooode onotio defednt; all exeutinsoood ooies toote theeunoder, and ofl acs ordersond proceedingsoof dole judges of Peohate, and of execuetodminittors, guordinstoodtrusote,pov-ided te -oereoonconformityowitbtbo lowsthenoit ftoe,and did not too- Sloe th the Constituton and loot of the United States ond Solo Itoa ooead ial electins by to ipeople cthe %tote oboll be bo- SE.6. Thle L~egitioture a0t0 it frtsetoion oboer the rtico- tion of chic Coootitution tholl, by boo, provide foe the regitra- tion by the Cleob of the Circuic Cour io ieac obunonte of oil doe ognily qoolified votert in tooheconty, ond foe th e tuont of electiont ond thoul olo provide thoc oft er the eoompletion, feotm ime to time, of sch regitton, 00 person 000 diyoregitteeed acoredino to law tholl be ollnoed tovoe SE. . The Legitloture sboll enot lawst ooboiioig edoco- tionni qualifcatins foo elecors ftber the yeaoethoooand eight hundredoodeighty,hbotosoch lcsoshnll be ooodooapplicable n electowomaoy hovetregisteed orvotedoat ooyeection ARTIICILE XV. SCyto IO loo'oabal ordoinonc ond cesooboiooc heretofore passedh 000 toyontio of the people, ondall Abcto ood reo. d~is ote Legoioatetconflicting 00 incontitent oitb clte CoonstttonooftheUnitedhStotes ood the sttooteo tereof, nd witb thistC otitton, oodoonderogatonoof theoeitente o po- siionofothoStae 00000e of toe Sttecofthe UnitedStatestof Amteic,orehereby declared ltadeoid oandof oeffect. Sec. 2. That oil Acots and reotonso of the Goeeoal Atooon- hip, and oil offiyial hots of the ecvi officeos of the Stoto, 000in tonsisttent nobt the pi-octoon of the Constituton andf Sootet Of the UnitedcState00 oroit hisonstoitution,or with any oodi- nanoeoobtonoodoptedhydit conventio,oaodo-hith have notbeon ndoaeoot byhisContitution annulled, art io foote, ondosabo onsideredoaod etteoemed osthde laws of the botyt nttlosuch Actso ooeentioooshall be repealed by te Legila- tueof the Stote or chit conention. SECc.3- Al law loofotheSteypassed by dole so-talfed Coo- oeni Atsemblytsice thetloth doyof Januory, A. U. Sftl, 000 conflicting olth the word oe csii of doe Coootttonoaod boo, tof cte United Stocet, 00 oith ohis Cotitution, thoul be coliS. ASl wt-c, oacts, proceedinfs, judgmoento ond deceeso of the to- colledocoutso ofothetate, oheeotualoboericeowaoomode ondoce defendantc; olleoecutins ood colec otade thereundor, ond ofl acts, ordersand poceedingofothejudgesof Probate,and of exectos, admiitrtos, gordinstond truotees, povided tbe wereein confomiycwitbthelawstheintfoce,and didonotono- loct wcith tbo Constituition ond loot of the United Stooos anod tbio  Comnstitution, shall be valid. The talon af the prapertyor oeffects ofldeceasedy pesn hall not preent the widow fromt claiming said propety iokind, innohoeoeoee hands the tatme may he found, owhen the sale had not been maade foe the purpose of pay- ing the debts of the deceased, and nwhee oter than lawnfal amaney ofotheUnitediSatesoasobained foraid prapeety. Nathiag heeia coatainedashall be aoacnntand an ta moake any tnemwho, asnanofficee of any coorteor mha actedounderetbeau thoniny af any couorn, indinidually liable, proided they acted sticyinoaccodancnwitbnhatnwastheneconideeeddtnelawnof theitat,ondnotonfitingwith te Cotittion and laws of Ion Unted States. All fonts, penaltien, foefeitoes, obligations and escheats heretofore accruingtonhefStateenfFloridatshall con- tnetacreto dne one of the State. All tecogniaancen here tofone takeo shall nemnain valid, and all bonds enecuted to the Goternor of the State of Florida, eitbee befone on snce the tath ' lay of Janaey, A. 1). l 86 , on to any onher officee of the State itthinnoffcial capacity,oshallhbe of fall force andovirtoeforedne usesnthereinorespectiv-ely exprteoed,oondnmaybenouedfoand re- ,oveted acor~odiogly, unlenn they owere contrary no thefama nfnhe linited-btannn on no thit Constitotion, an no any ondinance on tes- olotioo adopted by the contention ; alto allcrmnlpoeu tionsntwhichthaveoainenetaybe pronecoted tojutdgnment andenx- tc tio n the nanne of the State. All actionn atlaon ornuits in choncery, or n) oryoceedingn pendiog in the courtn of thin State tither prior noon sobteqonn no the itnbiay of January, A, D. 186t1, shalf continue in all respects valid, and naybhe prosecuted to jodgtment and decree. ASl jodgoments and decees rendeed ioo ivilocaunesin anyof the corts of thebStateduing tepeiod of tinto aoe nonnecified one herehy Seclated of foll force, validity aod effect: Provided, That unlent otheemite provided in thin Constitotion the statute of limitation ohall non he pleaded npon aoyoclaimninthebhandsnofanyyperson foe the period of time he- twen the totb dayof January, A. D. T86t, and the a5th day of October, A. D. 1865, wnhether yeoceedings of lam had been commenced before the aSth day of Octohee, t865, on not :Pea- tided, ,foeilde, That all clainms of midons, minorn and decedents nwhich mete non banned by the ntatutes of thin State onl the noth dayyof Janary, A. D. 1861,nshallbe considered good andevalid fothe periodof toear fon m theratificationlo thin Constdtu- SEC. 4. Thateraunoest, allbnndsnisnued, and all other liabilities contracted by the State of Florida oe any noonty ot city thereof, on and often the teth day of January, A. D. tfilt, and befoe the 25th day of Ooer, A. D. 1865, enoept nuch liabilities an may ho doe no the seminary on tohool fond, be Constitutton, sholl hoe calid. The talon of the propenty on effects ofldeceasedyponssball notnyevent the midow frnon claiming saidyeaopeny in kind. in nooee hands the samne may be fond, whben te tale bad eon been made foe the purpose of pay- ing the dobts of the deceaned, and whee onhen than lanwful oneny of the Uoited Stannsas obtained for said property. Nnthing henein contained shaff be socnstrued an no make any one wo, asanoficerofncouret,or who acted unde ethe 0u0 thonity of any court, indinidoally liable, pronided they acted strictlyin acordancmih hbatnmasthenconideed the lawof the State,oandotoonictingnwiththe Contitutdon and lattn of the United Staten. All Sinot, penaltien, forfeituren, obligatinsn anescobatsohetetofore accruingto thenStatenfbloridonshallecon- tnuenonaccreontbhenef thebtate. Allnreoniaancon here- tofore token thall remain valid, ond all bondst executed to the iGovernor of the State of Florida, either before on since the noth lay of January, A. 1). tf6t, on to any other offocer of the State inhis official capacity, shall be of fall force andnitoe foe inn anen thnein resecively expesed, and myhbensud forande- oveed accorndingly, unlent then w ere contrary to the laws nfnbe United States on to thin C~onstitution, on to any ordinance on res- olution adoytedhby the cononntin; alto all oriminal yeosecn- tionsnwhichbhaveareinmaybe posecuted tonjudgment andenx- tcoonon tn tbe eante of the State. Allfactions at late on sunhn in ohanoery, on any proceedings pending in thn courts of thin State eitheprioo obeqent to thelothdayyof Janary, A. D. 186 1, shall cootinue in aSl retpecto valid, and may be yeonecuted to judgment and decee. ASl judgmentn and decreennrendered inl ciod iCauses in any of thn courts of the State doring theyneriod of dtie abooe tpncified one heneby declaed of foll force, oalidity and effect: Pr-ided, That unleso othermine provided in thin Coneninuon the statue of limitation oball non he pleaded upnn any claim inthebhandsof any persnfoe the period oftimehb- nweenothet ib day of January, A. D. t86t, and the 25th day of Otobero, A. Di. 1865, mhether procendings of lam had been commenced before the 25th day of October, 1865, ornoto: Pea- tided, fonea-, That all claimse of midomn, minorn atnd decedenns which mete non banned by the statutes of thin State n the noth dayofJaenuary, Al.tD.1861,nshallbe considerendgoodandealid fot the period of nwo yenr from the ratification of thin Continu- Soc. 4. Trhatbtateteasuroy eaten, all bendnissoed,andall onher liabilities contracted by the State of Flodida on any canty on citynthereof, on and abterth no tth day of January, A. D. tfft, and befoe the 25th day of Octobee, A. D. 1865, encept noch liabilities an may be doe no the seminary on school feed, he Constitunin, shall be %calid. The talon of the propenny on effectn ofldeceasedyponsndhallnont pevent themidom feron claiming saidypropertyin kind, in ohonenonene bands tnhe nanoe may be found, wehen tnensale bad non been made foe the puroeof pay- ing the debto of the deceaned, and where onher than lamful noney of the United Staten eon obtained foe told peoperty. Nnthingbhereinocontainendnshallme oconsteod an no mnabe any oemwho, a an oficee ofoocvcourtoembhoactedntndee tbe a- ohoriny ef any' cort,Sndioidoally Siable, yrovided they acted triitly inaccordancemithnatmasthenconideed inn font of the State, and non conSlicting neith the Coninuon and lattn of the United Staten. All Sien, penaltine, fonfeinoren, obligatinons and eschoatsoheetofore accrung tontheStatenofloidanshallfcon- tiu oaccreto tnheoasenfotheStat. All eoogoiatances here- tofore taken tholl remain valid, and all bondn enecoted no the Governornof the Stone of Florida, einhee before on snce the noth lay of January, A. lit. 1861, on no any onher offiner of the State in his official capacity,bo shob of bull force and irtue foe inn usesnthereinrespecively exprese, andmaybenoued forandre ,ocenod accordingly, onlenn they none contrary no ehelanen eftee Ueited-States on to thin Conntinonion, on no any ordinance orctet- olutdonadoptedhby the coenein; aloll rmia roeu tionwhichbhaveariienomayhbeyproected eonjudgment anden- tcon the namne of the State. All actionsat law on suits in chancery, or any proceedings pending in the courts of thin State e-iteprinorntorsbsequent taot othaday of Januaey,A. D. 1861, shall contineinallnespectsvalid, and mayepoecuned toajodgmentand decree. ASl joigments and decreesnrendeted inc i assin any of tho courts of the State doring the period of dtie abooe npncified one heneby declaed of fogl force, validity and effect: Protided, That nlest onhormine provided in thin Conninunion tho statute of limitation thall eon be pleaded upon aoy claimninthehanddof any pernon foe the period of time he- ntween the loth day of Janoary, A. 1t. 186t, and the 25th day of Oitober, A. Di. 1865, mhether peoceedings of lam bad been commenced befoe the a5th day of Oceober, 1865, nroto Pn- Tided, fute,; That all claimn of widowsn, minens and decedents whbichweeno barredhbythentatten of this State on the noth day of January, A. D. 18111, shall beoonideed good andvalid for the period of to )tart feom the ratificain of thin Constitu- Soo. 4. ThantStte teasury nonen, all bondisnsued, andall onher liabilities coentraced by the State of Plorida on any conty ne onitythereof, on and abtet the toth day of Janary, A. D. t8de, and before the 25th day of Octnber, A. lit. T865, except noch liabilitien an enay ho don no the seminory on nchool fend, he  andareeclrared null and void, and the Legislature shall hare npownerto provide for the paytoent of the samte or ant, part thereof; hot this shalt cot hr construed to as to invalidate anty authorized liahilities of the State, contracted prior to the toth day ofJanoacp, A. D. iS6c, or suhsequent to the a25th day of October, A. D. t865. SEC. 5. No etooey tholl cvre appropriated hy this Stats tocreitmhorsepurchasers of United tatsland whopurchased the some of the State of Florida. SC. 6. All prceedings, decitions or actions sosoplithied hyrcivil ortoilitary officr ctringunderrauthority of thelUnited States suhsequent to the roth day of Janroary, 1861, ocd prior to thetfinal restorations of the State to the gor erootrrt of the Untited States, arhrebhydeclared alid, ad strailt e sub- jert to adjodication io thr courts of thit Stater tsar shalt arty person acing int the capacity al a soldirr or offirer of the United States, nivil or military, hr suhjct ta arrest for any act per. formedhbyhims, prrsoant to aothorioed instrutions from his so. perior officrs dorigthrprriod oftimreahove designated. SC. 7. That in all rarer wchere judgmernts hare hero oh- toined against citizros of thr Statr after thc troth day of Jaoary, eighteen hondred aod sixty-one, prerious to the twsrnty-fifth day of Octohrr, eighteen honred and sisty-for, and wohere actual sevc ascnot madr onthrperson of soy defeodant, soch de- fendanttnot servednwith process toayappear inout withinon yer after the adoption of this Constitution,- sod make oath that injostie hashbeendonesondthat he orshectsagood sod valid defence, stating the defence, and upon mraking soch oath, and filing said defence, the proceedings on thr judgomrot shalt cease until the defrnor is heard. ARTICLE XVI. SECTON I. Any person deharred front holding affire is the State of Florida hy the third srctiorn of the fsurtreothr artiste or the proposed amerndment to the Constitotions of the U~nited States, wohich is as follows: "No prsn shall he Serrator or repreetative in Congress,ortrlctoreof resident,rVic.S'rrsi- dent, or hold soy office, civil or omilitary, order the Uoited States, or onder sop State, wcho, hosing preeviously tahen san ft asamemher of Congress, or as so offscet of the Uoited States, or as a membher of soy State Lrgislaure, or as art executive or judicial officer of soy Statr, to supprt thr Constitution of the United Statrs, shalt hare engaged irs insurrrectiont or rehellin andardeclaredonullanddvoid, aod the Legislatre shalt have no powerrtoprovide for thr payment of thr same or arty part thereof; hot this shall nor hr consterued so as to invalidate any authorized liahilities of the State, rctractrd prior to the toth day ofJanescy, A. D. 1861, orsuhsequrent to thr 25th day of Octoher, A. D. 1865. Soc. 5. No money shall errr hr apropriated hy this Stats tn reimhurse purchasers of United States lanrd whra purchrased the some ot the State of Florida. SEc. 6. All proceedings, decisions sor actionrs asrsorplislsed hy ciril or military officers acting rodeo autrityir of the United Statesnnosequnt tortheroh day of January, 186t, and prior to the final restoration of the State toethe got eromntoof the United States, ace heebhy declared oalid, arrd stratl net hr sub-. jeet to adjudication in the corts of this State : nr shalt any person acting in the rapacity sf a soldier or officer of the United Slates, civil ormiitary,hbesrhjectto arresrfor anysactpet. formedhby him, pursantr to authorized instructions fromt his so- pector officers daring the period of time shove designated. SoC. p. That in all rarer chee judgments rare hero oh- rained against citizens of tire State after the tenth day of Janosry, eighteen hundred and sixty-ore, previous to the twenty-fifthr day of Octoher, eighteen hunded and sixty-five, and wohere actual service was notmadeon therperson of any defendant. sash de- fendant not servedmwith pocess may appearcin ortrithin one yeae after the adoption of this Constitution, -and make oath that injusticrhatheen donesandtht he ortshsagood andovalid defence, stating the defense, and rpon making rack oath, and Siling said defence, the proceedings on the judgmrent shall cease until the defence is heard. ARTICLE XVI. SECOte t. Any person deharred from holding office in the State of Florida hy the third section of the fourteenth article or the proposed amerndmear ro the Constitutiorn of the United Staten, which is as follows: ''No person shall bre Serrator or representative in Congress, or elector of President, or Vice Presi. dent, or hold any office, ociti or military, under the United Staten, or under anyfState, woho, having previously taken on oath as amemhrofCongress, or as an officr of the United States, or an a membhee of any State Legislature, or as arc executive or judicial officer of sop State, to support the Constitution of the United States, shall hare engaged irs inrurrecetions or rebellion, and aredeclarednutllandoid, and the Legislature stralt hare no powerto providerfor the payment of the same or any parr thereof; hat thin shalt not he construed so as to invalidate any authnriaed liahilities of the State, contracted prior to the roth day of January, A. R. tii, nor subsequrent to the 25th day of Octoher, A. D. 1865. SC. 5. No money shall cvr he atppropriated hy this State toereimhurse purchasers of United States landmwhopurchrasedrthe same of the State of Florida. SC. 6. All proceedings, decisions or actios accomrplished by civil or military officers acting andr astirits VOf the Unted States sabsequent to the teth day of Janruary, 1861, sod prior to thehfial rettoration of tire State to tire governmrent ofthe Uttited States, arhereby delaredrvlid, and stroll net be sub- ject to adjudication in the resets of this State treer strait any person acting in the rapacity of a soldier or officer of the United States, civil or miltryh e subhject to arrest foe soport per. formedhby him, pursuant to authorized instructions fomr his s: perioe officers during the periodof timesabove designated. SoC. 7. That in alt rarer whee judgments hare hero oh. tamned against citizens of thre State after the tenth day of Janary, eighteen hundred and sixty-ore, previous to the twnty fiftht day of Octohee, eighteen hundred and sixty-five, and wohere actual service wasnotmadeonrthe perrsofany defendant. such d- fendant not secrdnwith processtma apper in cortwithin one year after the adoption of this Constitution-and make oath that injustice ha been done and that he orshe hs a goodand aid defence, stating the defense, and upon making such oath, and filing said defence, the proceedings en the jurdgmeont shalt cease until the defence is hoard. ARTICLE XVI. SECOte I. Any prss,, dehared from holding oficse in the State of Florida hy the third section of the fourteenth article or the proposed ascreodment to the Constitutiont of the United Staten, which is as follows: "tNo person shalt he Senator or representative in Congress, or electr of Prnsident, or Vice-Presi- dent, or hold any office, civil or military, undr the United States, on undes soy State, who, having prevously taken so oath as amembrf Cngress, or as anofficer of tire Cnited States, or as a membher of any State Legislatre, or as ars executire or judicial officer of sop State, to support the Constitution of the United States, shall hare engaged inr insurreectionr or rebellion  APPENDIX. 429 against the satae ar gisen aid and comsfoet Sn the enemies thereof. But Cngress mtay, bya vtenftw-thirdsof each house, remove such disability," is hereby debaered finns holding oice in this State: Provided, That wchenevee sutch disability fennt halding nffice shall be remtoed fetes any peesn by the Congess of the United States, the remaoval nf such disability sball also apply to this State, and snob peeson shall beerestneed in all respects to the eights nf citizenship as heeein peovided foe electoes. SCc. a. Any persons elected so the Senate of she United Stases by the Legislatuee of this State, oe any peerson elected by the people, oe appointed to office by the Governoe of the State, oe by aoy effiter tithe State, under She procitoo of tbe Conosi- tutitn adopted by the convention of the people, cue- vened on the tgth day at Oetober, 1865~, shall not he emtpoweeed to bold such office after the caste position or office shall bave beta itled by election oe appoitmto tsder the provisions of chit Constitution: Procided, That all officecs holdinsg office utnder tise peocisiosofa the Constitution adapted the 2th day of October, A. D. t1865, and not peocided foe in this Constitu- tits, shall continue to bald theie respective offices, and dischaege the duties thereot, until the Governor shall by his peoclamtion, declare saab offices vacaoS. SC. 3. The seN eca] judicial cicuaits of the Ciecuit Couets shall be as follow-s: 'he first jadicial circuit shalt be composed of tise cottnties at Escasmhta, Santa Rosa, Walton, Holmes, Washington and Jacksont; tsc second judicial ciecuit shall he omposed ef thecouases of Gadsden, Liberty, Calhoun, Franks- lit, Wahsslla. and Jefferson the third judicial ciecut shall he comsposed of the coanties of Madison, Tayltr, Lafayette, Ham- ilton, Suwannee and Colatmhia; ths ftueth judicial circuit shall be composed at the counties of Nastau, Dsuval, Bahee, Beadfoed, Clay and St. John's; the fifh judicial circuit shall bc composed of the counties tf Putnamo, Alachua, Levy, Maeion and Sumtee; the sixth judicial ciecuit shall be comaposed of tbe coanties of Hernando, Hillsorossgh, Mauatee, Pulh and Monree the seventh judicial cireait shall he composed of the counties of Vulusia, Benaed, Oeange and Dade. SEC. 4. Thse salaey of the Goveenoe of She Stuse thall he Seve thusand dollaes pee annitm; that tf the Chief justice shsall befurethusand fove handeed dollars; that of each Associate justice shall he fue thousand dollaes ;that of each judge of the Ciecuit Cones shall be theee thousand Sloe hundred dollaes; thot of theLieutenantGoveroreshallhbetwon thousand five hundeed dollanes; that of each cabinet officee shall ho theee thousand dollars ; She pay of the -embees uf the Senate and Haute of APPEDIX.429 against the same or given aid and comfoet to the enemes theeof. But Congress may,hby a vteotw-tirdsof each huse, eemove such disability," is heeby debareed fines balding office in this State: Provided, Thus swhenevee such disability feom holding office shall he removed from any peeson by te Congeess of the United States, the removal nf such disability shall also apply so this State, and ouch person sball be estored inalcespects totheerightsstfcitizenship asheein poided fo electtes. SCc. a- Any yerson elected to the Senate of she United States by the Legislature at this State, oe any peeson elected by the people, oc appointed to office by the Goveenor of the State, oby any officer of she State, under she pracison of she Consti- tattoo adapted by the canvention of the people, can- venecd on the 25th day at October, 1865, shall tat he empoered hold such office afto, the tame position or office shall bane been filled by election oe appuintment ndes the provisions of this Constitution: Poettided, That all officers balding office utnder the peovisions aftShe Constitution adapted the 25th stay of October, A. D. 1865g, and not petovided foe in this Consttu- tin, shall continue to hold their respective offices, and dischaege she duties theeot, until the Gocceore shall by his proclamuation, declae such offices cacaos. SECc.3. Teseeal jdicil cicuits ofthe Circuit Courts shalt be as tollows: The first judieial circuitobhall be caomposed of theccounies of Escasabia, Santa Rosa, Walton; Holmes, Washington and Jcasn; the second judicsal circuait shall he comyosed of the counties of Gadsden, Liberty, Calhon, Frank- lin, Wahalla. and Jefferson the Shied judicial ciecuitobhall be composed of the csoties of Madison, Tayloe, Lafayette, Ham- ilton, Suwannee and Couanbia; the foueth judicial ciecuit shall hie composed at tse coaunties at Nassau, Duval, Bakee, Beadfoed, Clay and St. John's; the fihth jadicial circuit shall he computed at the caoties of Putnam, Alachua, Levy, Maeion and Sumtee; the sloth judicial cicuit shall he computed of the counties of Heenno, Hillhsoogh, Msanatee, Path and Monree; the sevnth judicial circuit shall be composed of She cunties of Vulusia, Brened, Oeange and Dade. SnC. 4. Thse salaey of the Governoe of She State shall he fine thusand dollars pee anoism; Sbut of the Chief justice shall befurethound feve hundeed dollaes; that of each Associate justice shall he fure thusand dollars ;that of each judge uf the Cieeuit Curet shall he Shree thousand Sloe hundred dolr;that of the Lieutenant Goveenoe shall betwo thousand five hundeed dollaes ; that at each cabinet offices shalt be theee thousand dolars; the pay of She membees of the Senate and House of APPEDIX.429 against the same us given aid and cuosfort to the enemies theeof. ButsCnngeess may,hbyuanotenftwo-thirdsof each house, remove such disability," is hereby debareed from holding office in this State: Proveaided, That wnhenevee such disability from holding office shall he removed from any peeson by the Congess of the United States, the removal of such disability shall alto apply so this State, and ouch person shalt be restored in all respects to the eights of citizenship as heein provided foe electors. SC. a- Any persons elected to the Senate of she United Stases by the Legislature at this State, as any peson elected by the people, or appointed to office by the Goveroc of the State, orebyanyaofficceraf the Stats, ndes the peacissnuof the Consti- tution adapted by the coention oftshe people, sun- cened on the 25th day at October, 1865g, shallonot he empoereed to bald such office aftcs the same positin as office shall bans been filled by election us appointment ndes She provisions of this Constitution: Prosided, That all offices holding office under thse provisions ot the Constitution adopted the 25th day of Octobes, A. D. 136 5, and nut procided foe in this Constitu- tion, shalt continue so hold their respective offices, and dischare she duties theeoft, until the Gocernor shall by his proclamation, declare such offices cacaot. SECc3. Thstcceal jdicial cicuits of the CicuitCouts shall he as follows: The fist judicial circuit shall be composed of ste cunties at Escataba. Santa Rosa, Walton; Hlme, Washington and Jackson ;stse second judictal circuit shall he composed of the couties of thadsden, Libessy, Calhoun, Peank- lie, Wdahslla. and Jefferson ; the Shied judicial circuit shall he composed of the contsies of Madison, Taylor, Lafayette, Ham- ilton, Suananee and Colaumhia; thc foueth judicial circuit shall be compsed of the counties at Nassau, DuctS, Baher, Bradford, Clay and St. Jobs's; the fifth jadicial cicuit shall he comsed of tbe caoutiecs at PutnamS, Alachua, Levy, Marion and Sumter; the sixth judicial ciscuit shall be composed of She counties of Heraando, Hillshborsugh, Manatee, Path and Monre; the teenth judicial circuit shall he computed of the counties nf Vulusia, feted, Orange and Dade. SEC. 4. Ths alary of the Governoe of the Stats shall be fine thousand dollaet pee annsum ; that of the Chief justice shall be fonuethonusand fine hundred dollars; that of each Associate justice shall he fur thinusand dollato; that tf each judge osf She Ciecuit Curet sball he thee thousand fine hundeed dollues; that of She Lieutenant Goneenor shall be twn thossand fine hundeed dullars that of etch cabinet officer shall he thee thousand dulluets the pay of the members of the tenate and House of  430 APENI Represensatives shall be flee hundred dollars per asnnem, and its addition thereto ten cents per stile foe each mile teaveled fers, their respective places of residence to the capital, and the same taretunn; hut such distances shall he estimated by the shortest geseral thoeoughfaee. All other officees of the Stale shall he paid by fees, on pen diem, fioed hy late. SEC. 5. The Legislture shall appeopriate too thsousand dollars each yeae foe the purchase of such hoohs foe the Supee Court lihrary as the said coat shall direct. SC. 6. The salary of each officee shall he payahte qatteely, span his on requisition. SEC. 7. The trihe of Indians located in, the suhr oto of the State and hnowtn as the Semeinole Indians, shall he entitled to one memher in each house ofithe Legislatute. Sac, membser shalt hate all the nights, privileges and remunneation asn te membhers of thn Legislatuee. Such meberes shall he elected hc the msemhers of themr teihe, is the manener presceihed foe all ole,>- sians hy this Constitutioo. The teihe shsall he represented only hy amemhen of the sante, and in no case Sypa wehite man : Proided, 'That the repeesentative of the Seminole tndians shall nothbeahbartso the repeesentation of any county hy the citiens theeeof. SEC. S. The Legislature may at any time impoann such tan Ott thetIndiansas itnmay denm proper; and such imposition of sax shall constitute the Indians citizens, and they shtall thenceforw-ard he entitled so all the privileges of other citizns, and theneahei lie hatred of special representation. fiEC. 9. tn addition to other crimes and misdemeanors foe mhich an officer may he impeached and tred, shalt he inclutded drohenness and other dissipation, incompetency, malfeasaoce is office, gamhling, or any conduct detrimental to good morals, shallbeeconsidered suficient cause fornimpeachment and conc- tinn. Any officer wehen impeached hy the Assemhly, shall he deemed undee aret, and shall he disqualified from perforntg any of the dties of his office until acquittal hy the Senate. Bat any officeensnimpeached and in arrestmay demaod his trial hy the Senate mithin nne peat from the date of his impeachment. finn. sa. The following shalt he the nath of office foe each nfficer in the State, inclnding memhees of the Lgislatore: "I donsolemnly swearthatsImill sppot, protect, and defend the Constitution and government of the United States, and of the State of Florida, against all enemies, domestic or foreign, and that I will hear sre faith, loyalty, and allegiance so the same, and that I am entitled In held office nolden this Constitution. That I witl mell and faithfulty perform all the duties of the office of ,-onhich am aot tenter: sohelp me God." 430 APPNI Representatives shall he fine hundred dollars per annum, aod its addition thereto ten cents pee mite far each mile traveled haom their respective places of residence so the capital, and the same toaretan; hot such distances shall he estimated hy the sheortest general thorottghfar. All other officers of the State shtall he paid by fees, an pee diem, fioed hy lawe. finn. 5. The Legislatttre shall apprupriate lo theousand dollars each peat far the purchase of sach hooks forsthe Supreme Canet lihrary as the said court shall direct. SEC. 6. The salary of each oier shall he payahle quarterly, span his owen requisition. SEC. 7. The trihe of Indians located in the southlersorio of the State and knon as the Seminole Indians, shall he rentitled Inaone memher an each house of the Legislatue. Sac, metohec shall hans all the eights, privileges and remuneratinn an other membhers of the Legislature. Such memeres shall he elected hc' the membhers of their trihe, is the manner prescrihed foe all elec- tions by this Constitation. The trihe shall he reprsented only hy amemher uf the name, and in noecase hy a wehite man : Provded, Thus the reresentative of the Seminole Indians shall nt br a bar to the tepeesentation of any county by the citiaens thereof. SEC. S. The Legislature map at any time imp one sch taxon the tedionsanitsmay deem peeper; and such imposition of tan osall constitute the Indians citiaesn, and they shtoll thencefueward be entitled to all the prinileges of other citizens, and theeaofter ito horned of special rep resent anion. fieC. q. Is additin to other crimes and misdemeanors for which an offier mop he impeached and tried, shall be included drakenness and other dissipation, incompetency, malfeasance in office, gambling, or any conduct detrimental to gond morals, shall benconsidered sufficientscause forimpeachmentsand cnvi- tian. Any officer when impeached by the Assembly, shall he deemed nder arrest, and shall he disqualified from perforneg any of the duities of his office until acquittal by the Senate. Bat anyaoffieeesoaimpeached and in arrest may demand his trial by the Senate within one year from the date of his impeachment. SEC. in. The following shall be the oath of office for each officer in the State, including memhers of the Legislaturet "I doasolemnlynmwearsthat I'ill sppr, protect, and defend the Constitution and govnrnment of the United States, and of the State of Florida, against all enemies, domestic or foreign, and that I will bear tre faith, loyalty, and allegiance ta the same, and that I amt entitled to bald office under this Constitution. That Imwill mell and faithfully perform all the duties of the office of - , n which Iamabaotto enter: sohelp me God." 430 APPENDIX Representatices shall be fine hundred dollars pee annum, and its addition thereto sen rents pee mile fan each mile trantled from their respective places of residence In the capitol, and the some tonreturn ; hbt such distances shall be estimated by lbhe shoretest generad thorotughfare. All other officees of the State shall he paidhby fees, oreper diem, fixedhby lam. Sec. 5. The Legislature shall appropriate two thousand dalilarn each year for the purchase ofsuch bookhnforthe upreme Canet library as the said cent shall direct. Sfn. S. The salary of each officer shall he p~ayable quarterly, upon bisn rssequisition. finn. 7. The tribe of Indians located inth souhrne rto of the State and kontso the Seminole Indians, shall he entitled to one member in each boost of the Leginlatutre. Sac, membehr shall bane all the rights, prinileges and remtuneration an other members of the Legislatuee. finch metmbers shall he elected hc- tha mnemhers of their teibe, in the manner preterihed foe allelc tlant by this Constitution. The tribe shsall he represented only by amember uf the name, and in no ce by a wehite man : Proided, That tbe representative of she Seminole Indians shall not beahartosheepeetation of anynountyhyheitiens thereofi. finn. 8. The Legislature may as any time impouse sacb tan ott she Indiansas is may deem proper; and suth imposition ofta sonhlall constitute the Indians citizens, and they shtall thennefnritotd be entitled to all the privileges of other citiens, and thereafher be barred of special representation. SEn. 9. In addition to other ceimet and misdemeanors for which as effiee may he impeached and tried, shall he included drabenness and other dissipation, incompetency, malfeasance to office, gambling, or any conduct detrimental to goad morals, shallhenconsidred safficient cause forimpeachment andcov- tian. Any officer whheu impeached by the Assemhly, shall he deemed ndes arrest, and shall be disqualified from performnsig any of the dusties of bis office until acquittal by the Senate. But anyaofficeresoimpeached and in arrest maypdemand bin trial by the Senate mithin ant year from the date of his impeachment. SEC. sa. The folloneing shall be the oath of office for each officer in the Slate, including members of the Legislature: "I doasolemnly smear thatlImill sppor, protect, and defend the Canstituttion and gonernment of the United Slates, and of she State of Florida, against all enemies, domestic or foreign, and that I mill bear true faith, loyalty, and allrgiance to the same, and that I am entitled so bald office under this Constitution. Thus Itwillmell and faithflly perform all the duties of the office of -, an nehich I am about tn tentr no help me Gad."  APPEDIX-43r SEac. toi. The Legislature smay provide foe the donation tof the public lands to actual settlers. Bat toch donation shall not esceed onekaundred and sixty aces of land toanynepesonn. SEC. to. All counsy officers shall hold theie respective offices at the county seals of their caonis. EC. 13. The Legislntuse shall peooide foe the speedy pub- lication ofall ssasutes and lawsaf a general natuee. All decis- ions of the Suypoese Coost and all las and judicial decisions shall he free foe yublication by any person. Boo no judgmnt of she Supremso Cones shall sake effeco otd he opert-nice until the oyinion of the court an scd case shall he filed swith she Clack of of said sout. SaC. 14. The Legislassure shall not create any office the teens of which shall he longee shoe foes years. SC. of. The Goceror, Cabinet, and Sapemse Coast shall keypsheireofficesoatshseas efgocerento. Bot in case of in- asio orcialens eyidemsics she Goveenor nay direct that the offices ofsthe gerenshall beemovsed tempayrnily to tame otses ylace ;hbutin such case af cemoesal all she depattents of she governmsent shaltlheemoved to one place. Bat snch on- moval shall not continue sanges than necessity fee she samte shall SEC oh. A plualityyafvoesgicen at asp alection hy the people shall constitate a choice, when not otheerwise peoeided hy this Constitution. SaC. t 7. The terms of State officees elected at the fist tlns- tin undes this Constitation, nt otheewioe peovided foe, shall continueeantil theheirstTuesday of Jaary, A. D. 0873, and utonil ohs installation of theirescceosoes, escepting the membhes of the Legisloaue. Sac, 18. Each conty and incorporated city shall make peavisionforethe supporesaf isownnnfficees, suhjecttosach reg- ulations as mayhe presciedhbylaw. Each county shall mahe proeision foe hailding a coast-hoese and jail, and foe keeping the some in goad repair. SEC. 19. If attheametingfothefenate atanyession, the Lieooenaat-Caeena has not heen qalified, as is not pesent, the Senate shall elect one af its members as temptorary President hefoe proceeding to other boniness. SC. an. The Legislatuee shall no ins first session adapta a seal forthe tate, and sach teal shall he of the sloe of the American theser dallas. Bat said seal shall notoagain be changed of tee its adoption hy ohe Legitlatuee; and the Goveenor shall, hy his poclamation, announce that toaid seal has hecome the geat teal of she State. Baa. at. The Goernor, Lieutnant-Goerno, and all the APPEDIX-430 SEC. toi. The Legislatuee map provide foe the donation of thespahbclandso acaal settler. But such donation shall not ecceedaonehaadredand sinty osees of landtanypone peson. SaC. to. All sonty officecs shall hold themr respeative offices asthescounty sas ofstheireconte. SC. 13. The Legislatere shall provide foe the speedy puh- licaton ofellstasutesand laofa general noate. Alldeci- ions of she Supeeme Coast end ofl loses ond judicial decitions shall he free foe puhlicatien by any person. Boo no judgment of the Supemen Coast tholl tabe efect and he oypeatice antSl the apionofothe coureinsuch case shall besfledihhe Clek of of said coast. SaC. t4. The Legislaturoschefl not create ony office ohs teen' of wchich shall he longer than face years. SaC. t5. The Goerne, Cabinet, and Supemeo Cant shall keep theirofficesatthe seaofgovernnmen. Bet mnase of in- vanor siolent epidemoics the Goveenor ao direct that the offices of ohs goersnment shall be remaosed temoariely to some othoer places;buoiio tacit case of reovnal oil she depaetmenos of thesgonmnshatbllhbesreoved teense place. Buo onch e. movalshallanotsontinue longerthanonecessity fohe sanmeshall Soc oh. A plualityeofcvoesgivenatoany election by the people shall constituoe a choice, abet not etheewise pravided by this Consoitusin. SaC. 17. The seem of hotst officers elected no the first tins- tisn nder this Consoitutin, not obherse provided foe, shall cosnnentilothehfisoTuesdayyofJanary, A. D. 1873, and oathl the installaton of theirseccessnaes, excepoing ohs memhbers of she Legislaoure. SEC. of. Etch conty and inorapoated city shall make provision fore suporo of its on offisers, subject to sash nag- ulationsas may be prescrihedbyplaw. Eacheconaty shall make proeision fee huilding acour-house and jail, and fan keeping the same in goad repair. Soc. op. If at the meeting of the Senate at ny sessnion, the LietenontGasternas hat not been qalified, as is not pestent, ohs Senate shall elect ant of its members as tempoarye President hefore praceeding to other boniness. SaC. an. The Legislatore shall at its Senst session adapta a seal fore S tatoe,and sash seal shall be of the size of the Americansilverdolla. Butosaid seal shallnottagainhbechanged of tee its adaption by the Legislatue; and the Goernor shall, hy hisprclamaton, annonce that said seal has hecohe the geat seal of the State. SoC. at. The Govnernor, Lieutenant-Goertnor, and all the APeENsaon 430 SEC. toi. The Legislature mop provide foe the donation of tics public lands so actual settlers. Boo sack donation shall not enceedeone hundred and sisty octet of land to any one person. SaC. so. All sonty officers shall bald skein respectie offices at the sonty seats of skein canounis. Sac 03. The Legisloaue shall pt-acids foe ohs speedy patb- licaioeofolstats a nd laosofna geoneral noate. All dtis- ions of she hupemae Coast and aflloats and judiciol decisions shall he free foe publicasion by any person. Bat no judgmnt of ohs Supemse Coeast shell take effect and he operatie antil the opinin of the coast is sock case sholl he Siled wlob the Clerk oh of said seat. SaC. 04. The Legisloture shall not seate any office ohs tents of chick shall be langer than foes peas. Sec, Of. The Governor, Cabinet, and hupreme Cant shall keep) skein offices atsb thseat oflgoveenmont. Bat in case of in- asio orvenos epidemics the Coseranor ao diect that the offices of she governmsent sholl be removaed tempoearihy to same ether place ; hat in tech caseoferemol oil she departments of tbe assesnmetshallbeeoved so one piace. Boo snch e. oeal shall ot cotinue longer titan necesitp forsthe same shall SEC oh. A pluralityof sates given at asp election by the people shall constitute a choice, abet not otherwise provided hy this Conotitusin. SaC. 07. The teem tof Statenoffiers slatted no she Secst tlns- tin andes this Consoituton, ot othoerwise peoeided fan, shall continntilhthehfist Tesday of Jnar, A. D. 0873, and utonil she installation of obeirsassesssaes, excepting the memhees of the Legislatue. SEc. o8. Etch sonty and inorpoateod shty shall make provision fobteoaupportaf ise nffices, subjectaosuch es. ulationsasatybe prescribedbyplaa. Eachcountopshall make peavision fan building a cout-o-use and jail, and foe keeping the same in good repir. Soc. 19. If nookse meeting of the Senate at any session, the Linattnaao-Gnenat has sat been qalified, an is not pesent, the Senaoe shall elect oneaof its membersasotempary President hefore peoceeding to ashen batiness. SaC 2o. The Legislature shall as is Secst session adapt a a seal faote State,nand sash teal shall be of the size of the Ameican shlen dollar. Bat said seal shall nottngainhbeahanged often ion adaption hy the Legislatue; and the Goernorenball, by his proalmation, annonce that said seal has bcomesnthe geat seal of the Htate. SEC. as. The Govternor, Lieutenant-Goerno, and all the  432 APENDIX. State officees elected by the people, shall ho installed as she first day of the meeting nf the Legislatue, and immediately assume she ditties of themr tespective offices. SEc. as. The Governor and Lieatenant-Uaceenoe shall have been hefore their election to office nine years citizns of the United Staten, and bhee years citians of the State. All othee officrs toall sate been one year citizent of the State, and sin monthts citizens of the canty feam which they aee elected as appointed. No pesetnshatll be eligible ta any asfice unless be be a registeeds taster. hoC. 23. 'rhe Governoe oe any State officer is hereby pea- hibited team giving certificates of election oe athee credeotials In any petson ashavinglbeenoelectedstothe Hoast of Representa- sleet of the United Staten Congeess, at the United States Senate, who bat not been tteo years actizn of the State, a,,d nine yea's a cotizen of the United States, and a registered vatet. SoC. 24. 'fhe peopeety of all coepoatians, ohether heteto- fate, ortheeeaftee incoeporated, shallhbesubjectstottsxaion,un less such coreperatian he fan religiaus, edacatianal, ac choritable paurposet. SEc. 25. All Sills, hands, notos, at eaidences at debt one- .standing andaunpaid, hives foreorin cansidetatin af hands o treeasurynotesaofthe sn-called Confedeeate States, as totes and honds ofthishState paidanderedeemable in thehbondt aad notes ofthe Confederate ttes, nre hereby declated soll and said, and noaction shall bemaintained thereesain the courtn at this State. SEC. oh. It shall be she dusiy of the cotsetoacostidee that shere is a failure of consideratian, and is shall he sa held by tbe coasts of this State, upon all deeds at hills of salt gicen foe states wish covtnant as mateanty of title as soandnets, at bosh; apon all bands, sates, at athee evidenats of deht, fiats foe on ineonisideention of slaves, which ate saw ouastandingpand on- paid, and no adton shall he maintained shereon; asS all judge- mensvand decreeserendered in any of the caurts o~fdtis State sine the sash day of January, A. D., aSS1, upan all deeds at hills of sale, at upon any bond, hill, nose, ar taheat evidence af debt based opon she sale at purchase at dlaes, ate hereby detlaredset aside, and tbepleanoffadoeea f consideeation shall beheld a gooddefence in all actions so said Suit; and when moneytwasdue previostosthetioth dayof Janar, s861, and slates mere given in tonsidesation foe such maney, shere shall he deemed a failuee of consideeation foe she deht: Provided, Than settltments and compeomises made by the patties therto shall he respected. SEC. 21. All persons who as alien enemils asdet the se- 432 PFDX Slat officers elected by the people, shall he installed an she first day of she meetisg of she Legislatue, and imsmediately asm she desist of theieerespectiv'e sffices. hoC. no. The Govsernor and Lieosenans-Goveenat shall have been hefore theireetion to nffice nine yeatsociinens of the United States, and shree years ailmzent of the State. All athes officers snall hose bees one peat cisinens af she Stale, and sin monthts vitiatens of the cauntsy from which they ate eleated at appointed. -Na petson shall he eligible sa any affict anless he he a registered taster. SaC. 23. The GovernreanyhState officer is heteby pro- hibited team giving ceetificases of elesiso ar thset ceedantials so any person shav'ingbeenaeletcedto the Hoeeof Representa- divesofsthe UiedSaes Cngress, ortheUnitedhtaeshenate, who hat not beta two years a cisinen of she State, aed site yea's a chtizn of she United Stases, and a registeed sates. hoC. n4. The peopeesy of aSl coeportdans, wheter herto- last, at heteahtee isnopotated, shall he sabject to axatoion, as- less such coepoatian he for religious, adacasianal, at charitable puepases. SEC. 25. All hills, hoods, notes, at evideoces af debt ant- standing and npaid, fives foe at in cansidecotion af bands at treasuey oses af the ta-called Confederate Stats, at asset and bondseofthisState paidandeeemabletin she boas and noses ofthe Confedertedtates, ate hereby declated null and void, and noactionshall bemrnainedstheteon in she coars af this State. SoC. oh. Is shahl he the daip af she caartsto consider that thee isafailurefcnsideation, and it shall betao held by she coursn of this State, opon all deeds at hills of tale given fat slaves wish covenant at warranty of tidle as saandness, at both; spas aSl hands, sates, arthset eidenats of debt, gives foe or in csnsidesatiasafftlaves, which ate aow oststandintg and on- paid, and Do aation shall be maintained thereon; and all judge- mentssand decreesenadered inany of the cauts afddhs State tints she sash day of January, A. D., 1861, apansaoh deeds as hills of tale, at upon any hand, bill, note, arthber evidence af debt based upon she salt at purahase at dslaes, ate hereby declaredsetsaside, and tbeplea of failureeof coasideeation shahl be held agood defence in all ations so said ssit; and when money wasdue previostothe sath day of January, s861, and slaves wets given in tonsidecation foe such money, these shall he deemed a failure of consideration foe the deht: Proided, That settlements and compromises made by she patties theeto shall hecrespeated. SoC. 27. Alpersons who as ahien enemigs aind et the se- 432 AtENDIX. State officees elected by she people, shall he installed as she genet day of she meeting oh she Legislasoe, and immediately anssume the duties of sheie tespective offices. SEC. 2n. The Gioveenot and Lieutenantvrorsa shall have bets befate theie election so office nine years ciins of she United States, and shree yeaes aitizent of she Ssate. All athee officers sah hose beta one yeas cisizns of she State, and s monthss citizens of sthe county feam which theyp ate elected at appointed. -Na person shall he eligible so any office unless be he a egistered vtr hoC. 23. The GovernororanydSatefficee is heeby pro- hbiited feom giving certiicates of election atoshee ceentials so any peeson ashaving boeesecedsaoshe Roast of Repeenta- dyves of she United States Congeess, artshe United States Senate, who ban not beeo too yeas a chizn ofthe State, oodnine yea's a citizno of she United Stases, andaeegisseredsvosev. SoC. n4. Theppetyofoal coeporations, whether hereto- foe, or heteaftee incorpoatsed, shall he subject so tasation, on- less such coepoation he foe teligioos, edocasional, at chartable SaC. 25. All huhl, hoods, noses, at evidences of debt oat- stadinganadounpaid, given oaorein considertion of bands oe teasury oteto of the so-colled Confederate Stases, or notes and bonds ofsthisStase paidandeeemable inthehonds and note& ofstheConfedeteStdates, ate hereby declaned toll and cold, andno actionasallbe ainaioedsheeon in the c~ourts of this State. SaC. aS. Is shall be the daly of the courtss to consi'der shot these is a faiatre of consideration, and is shall he so held by she coasts of this State, upon all deeds at bills of sole given foe slaves with covenant as warransy of tils at soundness, as hash; uspon all bonds, noses, as ashes evidences of debt, given foe an in vansideensin of slaves, which ate now otstandivg and un- paid, and no action shall be maintained thereon; and all judge- mentssanddecreeserendeeed in any of the couts ofddhs State snetshe sash day of January, A. U., t861, upon aSl deeds at hills of salt, at upon any band, bill, note, at osheat evidence of debt hosed upan she sale at purchase at elacee, are hereby declaed setsaside, and the plea of failueof consideration shahl be held agood defence in all actions to said sudt; and when moneymwasdue peviousstoshe sash day of Janarye, 1861, and slaves mete gles is consideradion fat such money, shere shall he deemed a failue of consdderadion foe the deht: Proided, That settlements and compeomises made by the patties shereto shall beerespected. SoC. 27. All persns who on alien enemie sotndee shese  APPENDIX. 433 APPENDIX. 433 APPENIX. - 433 questration act of the so-called Confederate Congress, and now resident of the State, had property sequestered and sold by any person acting under a law of the so-called Confederate States, or the State of Florida, subsequent to the oth day of January, A. D., 1861, and prior to the ist day of May, 1865, shall be empowered to file a bill in equity in the Circuit Court of the State, and shall be entitled to obtain judgment against the State for all damages sustained by said sale and detention of property. The court shall estimate the damages upon the assessed valua. tion of the property in question in the year A. D., s86, with interest at six per cent. from the time the owner was deprived of the same. But all judgments against the State shall be paid only in certificates of indebtedness redeemable in State lands. Said certincates shall be issued by the Governor, countersigned by the Secretary of State and by the Comptroller upon the de- cree of the court. Oral testimony shall be sufficient to estab- lish a sae having been made. SEc. 28. There shall be no civil or political distinction in this State on account of race, color, or previous condition of servitude, and the Legislature shall have no power to prohibit by law any class of persons on account of race, color, or previ- ous condition of servitude, to vote or hold any office, beyond the conditions prescribed by this Constitution. SEC. 29. The apportionment for the Assembly shall be as follows: Escambia, two; Santa Rosa, one; Walton, one; Holmes, one; Washington, one; Jackson, three; Calhoun, one; Gadsden, two; Franklin, one; Liberty, one; Wakulla, one; Leon, four; Jefferson, three; Madison, two; Taylor, one; Hamilton, one; Suwannee, one; Layayette, one; Alachua, two; Columbia, two; Baker, one; Bradford, one; Nassau, one; Duval, two; Clay, one; St. John'sone; Putnamone; Marion,.two; Levy, one; Volusia, one; one; Orange, one; Brevard, one; Dade, one; Hillsborough, one; Hernando, one; Sumpter, one; Polk, one; Manatee, one; and Monroe, one. There shall be twenty-four senatorial districts, which shall be as follows, and shall be known by their respec- tive numbers from one to twenty-four inclusive. The first sen- atorial district shall be compposed of Escambia county, the sec- ond of Santa Rosa and Walton, the third of Jackson, the fourth of Holmes and Washington, the fifth of Calhoun and Franklin, the sixth of Gadsden, the seventh of Liberty and Wakulla, the eighth of Leon, the ninth of Jefferson, the tenth of Madison, the eleventh of Hamilton and Suwannee, the twelfth of Lafayette and Taylor, the thirteenth of Alachua and Levy, the fourteenth of Columbia, the fifteenth of Bradford and Clay, the sixteenth of Baker and Nassau, the seventeenth of St. John's and Putnam, 07 questration act of the so-called Confederate Congress, and now resident of the State, had property sequestered and sold by any person acting under a law of the so-called Confederate States, or the State of Florida, subsequent to the toth day of January, A. D., 1861, and prior to the tst day of May, 1865, shall be empowered to file a bill in equity in the Circuit Court of the State, and shall be entitled to obtain judgment against the State for all damages sustained by said sale and detention of property. The court shall estimate the damages upon the assessed valua- tion of the property in question in the year A. D., 1i86o, with interest at six per cent. from the time the owner was deprived of the same. But all judgments against the State shall be paid only in certificates of indebtedness redeemable in State lands. Said certificates shall be issued by the Governor, countersigned by the Secretary of State and by the Comptroller upon the de- cree of the court. Oral testimony shall be sufficient to estab. lish a sale having been made. SEc. a8. There shall be no civil or political distinction in this State on account of race, color, or previous condition of servitude, and the Legislature shall have no power to prohibit by law any class of persons on account of race, color, or previ- ous condition of servitude, to vote or hold any office, beyond the conditions prescribed by this Constitution. SEc. 29. The apportionment for the Assembly shall be as follows: Escambia, two; Santa Rosa, one; Walton, one; Holmes, one; Washington, one; Jackson, three; Calhoun, one; Gadsden, two; Franklin, one; Liberty, one; Wakulla, one; Leon, four Jefferson, three; Madison, two; Taylor, one; Hamilton, one; Suwannee, one; Layayette, one; Alachua, two; Columbia, two; Baker, one; Bradford, one; Nassau, one; Duval, two; Clay, one; St. John's one; Putnam,one; Marion,.two; Levy, one; Volusia, one; one; Orange, one; Brevard, one; Dade, one; Hillsborough, one; Hernando, one; Sumpter, one; Polk, one; Manatee, one; and Monroe, one. There shall be twenty-four senatorial districts, which shall be as follows, and shall be known by their respec- tive numbers from one to twenty-four inclutsive. The first sen- atorial district shall be copposed of Escambia county, the sec- ond of Santa Rosa and Walton, the third of Jackson, the fourth of Holmes and Washington, the fifth of Calhoun and Franklin, the sixth of Gadsden, the seventh of Liberty and Wakulla, the eighth of Leon, the ninth of Jefferson, the tenth of Madison, the eleventh of Hamilton and Suwannee, the twelfth of Lafayette and Taylor, the thirteenth of Alachua and Levy, the fourteenth of Columbia, the fifteenth of Bradford and Clay, the sixteenth of Baker and Nassau, the seventeenth of St. John's and Putnam, 27 questration act of the so-called Confederate Congress, and now resident of the State, had property sequestered and sold by any person acting under a law of the so-called Confederate States, or the State of Florida, subsequent to the toth day of January, A. D., 1861, and prior to the tst day of May, 1865, shall be empowered to file a bill in equity in the Circuit Court of the State, and shall be entitled to obtain judgment against the State for all damages sustained by said sale and detention of property. The court shall estimate the damages upon the assessed valua- tion of the property in question in the year A. D., 186, with interest at six per cent. from the time the owner was deprived of the same. But all judgments against the State shall be paid only in certificates of indebtedness redeemable in State lands. Said certificates shall be issued by the Governor, countersigned by the Secretary of State and by the Comptroller upon the de- cree of the court. Oral testimony shall be sufficient to estab- lish a sale having been made. SEc. 28. There shall be no civil or political distinction in this State on account of race, color, or previous condition of servitude, and the Legislature shall have no power to prohibit by law any class of persons on account of race, color, or previ- ous condition of servitude, to vote or hold any office, beyond the conditions prescribed by this Constitution. SEc. 29. The apportionment for the Assembly shall be as follows: Escambia, two; Santa Rosa, one; Walton, one; Holmes, one; Washington, one; Jackson, three; Calhoun, one; Gadsden, two; Franklin, one; Liberty, one; Wakulla, one; Leon, four, Jefferson, three; Madison, two; Taylor, one; Hamilton, one; Suwannee, one; Leyayette, one; Alachua, two; Columbia, two; Baker, one; Bradford, one; Nassau, one; Duval, two; Clay, one; St. John'sone; Putnamone; Marion,.two; Levy, one; Volusia, one; one; Orange, one; Brevard, one; Dade, one; Hillsborough, one; Hernando, one; Sumpter, one; Polk, one; Manatee, one; and Monroe, one. There shall be twenty-four senatorial districts, which shall be as follows, and shall be known by their respec- tive numbers from one to twenty-four inclusive. The first sen- atorial district shall be corpposed of Escambia county, the sec- ond of Santa Rosa and Walton, the third of Jackson, the fourth of Holmes and Washington, the fifth of Calhoun and Franklin, the sixth of Gadsden, the seventh of Liberty and Wakulla, the eighth of Leon, the ninth of Jefferson, the tenth of Madison, the eleventh of Hamilton and Suwannee, the twelfth of Lafayette and Taylor, the thirteenth of Alachua and Levy, the fourteenth of Columbia, the fifteenth of Bradford and Clay, the sixteenth of Baker and Nassau, the seventeenth of St. John's and Putnam, 27  434 APPENDIX. 434 APPENDIX. 434 APPENDIX. the eighteenth of Duval, tteettineteentth of Marion, the twentieth of Volosia and Ocange, the twenty-fict of Dade and Brenard, the toenty-second of Hillshoroogh and Hecoando, the toenty- third of Soumter and Path, the twenty-fourth of Manatee and Monroe, and each senatoeial district shall be entitled to one Senator. Son. 30. No person thall oncer ho appointed a judge of the Supemne or Cirnoit Coort echo is not twentyp-fine yoacs of age and a practicing aetornep in this State. SaC. jt. The Legisatere shall an 0000 ts convenient adapt a State enshlent, havng the design of the geat teat of the State impressted upon a wrhite geound of tin feet sin anches flp and sin feet deep. ARTICLE XVII SETON e. Any amndmeent oc amntdente to this Con- stitotion map he proposed io either heaoch of the Legislature, and if the tame shall he agreed upon hy a two-ehirds note of all the memherseleterdtoceach of the twoa houses, each proposed amendmenttar amoendomentsoshallh ca etered on their repectine journats,mwiththe yeae and oays ehereoo, and referred to the Legielatare then oeot to he chosn, and shall he pubilished for three months nie peecediog the timoe of mahing each choice, and if, in the Legislotre nest chosen as afonesaid, each pro- posed amendmentsocamendments shall he agreed to hy to- thieds vote of all the members elected to each hoose, then is shall he the duty of the Legislature to sahbmit each proposed amendmetOr amendtmentsto the people inosunhmanoer and at such a timeas the Legislature map presccihe, and if the people shall approve andratify each aenodment or amendents hy a ma- jority of the electors qoalified to note foe memeres of the Leg- islature noting thereon, each amendment or amndmente ehall henome a part of the conseitution. SEC, a. Iflat anp time the Lefislatore, hy a note of a ma- jority of all the membhers elected to each of the too hooses, sholl deteremine that it is necessany to noose a revnision of this entice nonstitution, each determioation shall he entered on their re- spective journals,mwihheryeasandoayshereon, adefered so the Legislatore then nest to hr chosen, and shalt he pohisehed 'for three months nie preceding the time of mahing sochachoice. And if the Legislature nest chosen aforesaid each proposed re- vision shall be agreed hp a majority of all the memeres elected so each hone, then it shell he the dutp of the Legialatare so the eighteenth of Docal, the nineteenth of Marion, the twentieth of Volasia and Orange, the twenep-first of Dade aod Benard, the tmentp-second of Hillshorough and Hernando, the teety- third of Sumeer and Folh, the tenentp-fourth of Maaee and Monroe, and each senatorial diestrice shall he entitled so one Senator. SoC. 30. Na person shall ever he appoinoed a judge of the Sopreme orCircuitsCourt echo is not toenty-fine pears of age and a practicing attorney in this State. SoC- Ve. The Lefialature shall ae scan as coovenient adopt a State emhlem, havng the desigo of the great seal of the State impressednuponamwhiteaground of sixferet sin iaches fly sod sin feet deep. ARTICLE XVII SEaTION e. Any ameodment or amendments to this Coo- stitntion may he proposed in either branch of she Legislatone, end if she same shahl he agreed upoo hy a two-thirds note of all the memherselected toceach ofethe too houses, each proposed amendment or amendmensshll beentered ontheir respective jounals, with the yeaseand naps thereoo, aod referred to she Legislature then next so he chosen, and shall he pablished fan three months nest preceding the time of mabing each choice, and if, in the Legislatore nest chosen as aforesaid, each pro- posed amendmenoramendments shahl he agreed so by twa- thirds note of all she membiers elected to each house, then is shall be she duty of the Legislaaureatoshmitsuech proposed amendmensor amendmentsstothe people insuch maner aod at suchastimerastherLgislature mop prescribe, and if the people shall approve and raify such amendment or amendments by a ma- jority of the electors qoalified to note for members of she Leg- islature soling thereon, each amendment or amendments shall hecome a part of the constitution. Snc. 2. If at soy time she Legislatore, hy a note of a ma- jority of all the members elected to earh of the tecohoases, shall determine that is is necessary so noose a nenision of this entire constitution, each determination shall he entered on their re- speesire journals, withthe yeas and nays thereon, aod refecred so the Legislature then nest to be chosen, and shall he puablished 'for shree months sent preceding the time of mahiog each choice. And if the Legislature next chosen aforesaid tech proposed re- nasie shahl he agreed by a majority of all the members elected ta each bone, thee it shall be the duty of she Legislature to she eighteenth of Doval, the nineteenth of Morion, the twentieth of Volasia and Orange. the twnty-first of Dade and Benard, she twenty-second of Hillsborough and Hernando, the tweoty- third of Sumter and Path, the towet-foareh of Manatee and Monroe, and each senatorial district shall be entitled so one Senator. SC. 30. No peeson shall ene be appointed a judge nf the Supreme or Ciecoit Coare echo is not toenty-five years of age and a practicing attorney in thin State. SnC- 3t. The Legitlatare shall as soon as concenient adopt a State emblem, havng she design of the great seal of the State impresedaupon awhiteground ofsixfreetsixices fly and sin feet deep. ARTICLE XVII Seasion e. Any amendment or amendments to this Con- stitatian may be proposed in either branch of the Legislatare, sod if the same shahl be agreed upon by asto-hirds note of all the memberseelected toceach ofethe too boueasch proposed amendment or nmeodmentssshallbe enered 00 theircrespectine journals,with the yeasoand nays thereon, and referred so the Legislature then nest to he chosen, and shall be published for three months ness preceding the time of mabing such choice, and if, in she Legislatuee nest choseo as aforesaid, each pea- posed amendmentornamedments shall be agreed to by too- thirds note of all the membrs elected so each boose, then is shall beebhe doty of the Legislatcre to submit each proposed amendmensoroamendmentsstoteepeopleinosuch mner andeat such atimeasthe Legislature mop prescribe, and if the people shall approve and ratify such amendment or ameodments by a ma- jorisy of the electors qoalified to note for members of she Leg- istatnre casing thereon, each amendment or amendments shall hecome a pars of the constitution. SEC. 2. If as soy timr the Legislatore, by a eote of a ma- jority of all she members elected to rebe of the too hoases, shall determoine that it is necessary to noose a renision of this entire oonstitntion, snob determioation shall be entered n their re- spectine journal,mwithstheyeas and raysethereon, nd referred to she Legislature oh en nest to be chosen, and shall be published *for three months nie preceding she time of mabiog each choice. And if the Legislatuore nest chosen aforesaid such proposed re- vision shall be agreed by a majority of all the members elected so each honse, then is shall be the daty of the Legislatare to  APPENDIX. 435 recommend to the electors of the next election for memsbers of Legislototre to vote for or agoiosa ronvention; aod flit shall op. per thot a majority of the electort voting at such electioo shall bore voted io favor of calling a convention, the Legislature shall, at itt next sessioo, provide by law for acooention to he hofen wcithiotsixonoohs otter the passage ofsuchltw, and such con- ventionshall consist ofaonumereof membieresnotftssthanoth franoches of the Legislature. Io detrermining ohat it a maojority of the electors voting at such electioo. referencetshall hr hod ta the hifhesttnumberof votes castrttsuh elctionfor thecadi- dates foratny office or oo atnyquetion. Dare tnopenyconvoenrtion. In oirness wheeof, or, the on- dersigned delegates, representinf the people of Fforida, in coo- centeon ocsembhled, do hereuoto affixor ootoe thit the tweoty- fifth dry of Fefbruery, ooos Dotrii ore thottsaod eight huoded and sixty-eight, and of the independencee of the United States therioerc-tecocd,oonetteecetary doth countersignothe saot. HORATIO JENKINS, JR., Prestident. S. CONANT, Seorao. Countrsignedhby- George J. Aldeo. Roland T. Rorohoor. Lymtan W. Rotwtey. Major Johnon. J. W. Butler. Williamt R. Cone. John L. Carophell. Thotoor Urquhart. W. J. Poutmao. Andrew Shafer. L. C. Armirtead. J. N. Keitotrigee. E. Foetune. Wifliatm K. Cessn. H. Bryan. Josiah T. Walls. M. L: Stearns. S. If. Conocer. J. E.A. Dacidson. Aubrn Erwinr. Fredrick Hilt. B. MrRoe. J. W. Chitdr. A. B. Hart. T. W. Oshorn. N. C. Deorett. Joseph E. Ots. Willioao Brodreell. Richard WellIs. J. C. Gihhs. Green Davidson. J. H. Goss. O.S. Armostrong. A. Chondler. Johtt Wyatt. WV Rogert. John W. Powcell. Samurel J. Prerce. Rohert Meachatm. C. K. Mohley. Anthony Mifls. Daoid Mizetl. A.G. ast. E. L. Ware. 1, ShermttnoConant, secretary of the taid conention, do hereby certify that the foregriog is a trot copy of the constitutdon adopted or the 25th day of Fehbreay, A D., xS68. SHERMAN CONANT, Secre/tary. A~PPENDItX. 435 recommtend to the electors of the teot election for toembers of Legitlatre to vote for or against a onvoention; rod if it shall op. pear that a majority of the electors voting at such electioo shall hoot voted in favor of calling aocrovention, the Legislature thall, at its trot session, provide hy law for a cootveotion to hr holder wcithir six months after the passage of suchfltc, and such con- vention shall cornit ofa number of members not lets than hoth hranchec of the Legislature. In detrmining wchat is a majority of the electors voting at stuch election, refrecershall he had ta the highrtonumber ofcotes castat schlectionfor the candi- doter for any office or or roy question. Door in openoconcentior. Io witness weheeof, or, the or. deesigrod delegatet, reyresenting the yeople of Fforida, in coo. centton assemhled, do herearto affixor name this the twerry- fifth day of Fceruary, 0000 Domiri ore thottsand eight hunred and sisty-eight, and of the indeenrdence of the United Stater therrietYsecrrd, ancS rtesecetry doh coutntersignothe same. HORATIO JENKINS, JR., Presdent. S. CONANT, Secrttate. Countorsigned by-. George J. Alder. Rolard T. Rrmhomre. Lyman CW. Rotwley. Major Johnson. J. W. Burtle. William R. Core. Johr L. Catmphell. Thomat Urquhaet. W, J. Fureman. Andrewc Sholse. L. C. Armistead. J. N. Keimmioger. E. Fortane. CWilliam K. Cessn. H. Bryan. Josiah T. Walls. M, L: Stearns. S. B. Conover. J. E. A. Dtacidson. Auhuet Erwin. Feerick Hill. B. MecRae J. W. Childs. A. S. Hart. T. W. Oshorn. N. C. Derntt. Joseph E. Oats. Williom Beodrell. Richard Wells. J. C. Gibbs. Green Dacidon. J. H. Doss. G.B. Armstrong. A. Chardler. Johnt Wyatt. WV Rogers. Jobn WV. Powell. Samttel J. Perre. Robrt Mercham. C. K. Mobley. Anthony Mills. Drcid Mizell. A.G. Bss. E. L.Wre. 1, Sherma Conant, secretary of the said conention, do heebynCertify thot the foregoing is a tre copy of the contitution adopted or the 25th dry nfl Fehbruary, A D., eggS. SHERMAN CONANT, &credty. APPEDIX.435 reommend to the electors of the tet election flor members Of Legislatre to vote foe or against a corcentior; and ifit shall ap- pear that a majority of the electors voting at such electior shall hose creed it fasor of calling aoconvention, the Legislatre shall, as its root sessier, peovide by law for acoovention to be holder wtihin six months after the passage of sucohlaw, and suchcon- ventionoshall consistrofaooumerof membeesrnot less than both brooches of the Legisature. In determinirg what is a majority of the electoes voting at setch election, reference shall he had ta thebhighesttnumherofcvotes castratsutch electionrforethrcandi- dates for arty office or or atny tquestion. Done in open conventterr. In witness whereof, or, the or- dersigned defegates, reeenting the people of Floridr, ir con. ventton assembled, do heeuonto affix oar rome this the twnty- fifth day of Feberuary, ansc) Domiri one thoettand eight hundred and sixtryeight, rod of the independene of the United States the oirety-secoed, andtle secretaey drth coetntersignothe same. HORATIO JENKINS, JR., Preriden. S. CONANT, Seceaar. Crrntoesigred by- Gerge J. Alder. Roland T. Kombour. Lyman WV. Rowcley. Major Jobosro. J. W. Butler. William K. Grone. John L. Carrpbell. Thomas Urquhart. W. J. Frmano. Andrew Sholee. L. C. Armistead. J. N. Keimmirger. E. Frtune. CWilliam K. Cessna. H. Bryan. Josiah T. Walls. Me. L: Sterns. S. B. Conocer. J. R. A. Drcidson. Auburn Erwi. Fredrick Hill. B. McRae. J. WV. Childs. A. B. Hart. T. W. Osborn. N. C. Derrest. Joseph R. Daft. William Bradwell. Richard CWells. J. C. Gibbs Green Davidson. J. H. Gets. 0. B. Armstrong. A. Chandler. Johnr Wyatt. WV Rogers. John W, Powcell. Srmuel J. Pearce. Robert Mteacham. C. K. Mobley. Anthony Mills. David Mizell, A.G. as. R. L.Ware. I, ShrmantConant, secretory of the said cnentsion, do herebyncertify thaot the fregoing is a trot copy ofithe conastitution adopted on the 25th day of February, A D., s868. SHERMAN CONANT, Secreay.   APP]ENDIX D. FLORIDA POLITICAL FRAUDS. The folloswing correspondence betwreen Me. George Couch, of the State of Nenw York, n-ho, with his family. spent last wein. ter and tpeing in Tallahattee, and Mr. Hilton, of thit city, tpeaks foe itself: CAtNANDAIGtU, Octoher 6, 1876. Judge Hilton, Tallahasee, Fla DEAn Sta-I learned wohile at Florida that in youe Govern- or'selection, w-hen Bloxhat rno, thalit turned outat oe neaely the clote of the time of the expiration of office, that Blouhamn scas fairly elected but was cheated out of the office through fraodulentereturns. I wish you wooldnwrite outthe factteelat- ing to thit and tend them to me immediately in a ttatement that I canooch for. I want tohow smeof the coaers that the frauds practiced South come from adiferent tide of the house than wchat they preach, Please answer hy eetutrn mail. GEORGE COUCH. TALLAHASSEE, Octohee 12, 1876. Geoege Couch, Fo., Canandaigua,NX Y:~ DcAR Sto-To your note of the 6th inst., received this mornig Ieeply at once. The facts of the case to sehich you eefee are these: At the election held is this State, Novemhee 8, 1870, W. D. Blotham, Esq., ws canodidate foe the office, nut of Goveenoe, hot Lieu- tenant-Governor; Me. Niblack being at the same election candi- date foe the office of Representative in Congress-Florida then oompsisighout one Congressional Disteict. Both w-eee Demo- ceats, andhbotheeeelected. Their opponents were SamuelT. Day, foe the office of Lieotenant-Goeenor, and Me. Josiah T. Walls (colored) foe Congeessman, Repuhlicans; cod they, thoogh neithee of them received as many vos as his Democtatic com- petitor, wete declaeed hy the State Canvassing Board elected. The Caneassing Booed consisted at the time of Jonaahan C. Gihbs (coloeed), Secretary of State, Sheeman Conont, A ttoeney. General (and at the same tite Deputy U. S. Marshal), hush Repuhlicans, and R. H. Gamhle, an old Line Whig, weho dis- sented from the action ofta majority of the Booed. APPIENSDIX 1D. FLORIDA POLITICAL FRAUDS. The folloswing coreespondence hetwceen Me. Geoege Couch, of the State of Nesw Yorh, who, mitS his family, spent last wrin- tee and speing in Tallahase, and Me. Hilton, of this city. speaks foe itself: CANANAAso~, Octoher 6, 1876. jodge Hilton, Tallahasset, Fla.: DEAR Ssa-I leatned while at Horida that is your Gotern- or's letcion,awhen loxhamrun, that it tureduts at o neatly the close of the time of the expiration of office, that Bloohamn was fairly elected bot mat cheated oot of the office through fraudolent retuens. I wish youowould write outthetfactsteat- ing to this and send thom to ate immediately is a statement that I can vouch for. I wantto showsome of the croahkesthat the frauds practiced South come from adiffetent side of the house than wchat they preach, Please ansswer hy return mail. GEORGE COUCH. TALLAHoASSEE, October to, t876. George Ceoc, Esf., Canansdaiga, N. Y:. DcAR Sta-To your note of the 6th inst., received this morening, I reply at once. The facts of the case to swhich YOU refer art these: At the election held in this State. Noemboer 8, 1870, W. D. Bloaha, Esq., ws catdidate foe the office, not of Governor, hut Lieu- teoant-Goveeoot Me. Nihlach heing as the souse election candi- date for the office of Representative in Congress-Florida then compsisifhbut one Congessional Distict. Both were Demo- crats, andbothswreelcted. Theit opponents wcereSamusel T. Day, foe the office of Lieutenant-Goveno, and Me. Josiah T. Wallt (colored) tor Congressman,Retpublicans; and they, though neither of them reeived as many votes as his Democratie cam- petitor, mere declared by the State Canvassing Booed elected. The Canvassing Booed consisted at the time of Jonathan C. Gihhs (coloeed), Seetary of State, Sherman Cooant, Attorney. General (and at the same time Deputy U. S. Hotshot), hush Repuhlicans, and R. H. Gamhle, as old List Whig, echo dis- sented from the action ofta majority of the Booed. APPIENSDIX D. FLORIDA POLITICAL FRAUDS. The followng correspondence hetwceen Mr. George Couch, of the State of Newr York, who, weith his family, spent lant witn. tee and spring is Tallahassee, and Me. Hiltoa, of this city, speahs for iself. CANANAItGcA, Octoher 6, x876. jdge Hiton, Tallahassee, -Fla.: DcAR Sta-t learned n-hilt at Florida that in your Govern- or's lection,swhen Bloxhamrun, that itstned outat or searly the close of the time at the expiration of office, shot Bluohamn w-as fairly elected hot wat cheated out of the office through fraudulentereturos, Iswish you wouldnwriteoutsthetfactstelat. iog to this and send them to me immediately in a statement that I canouoch foe. Imwantto show-some of the coaers that the fraudsnpracticed South come from adiffeent side of the house than n-hat they preach, Please answrer by return mail. GEORGE COUCH. TALLAHASSEE, Octobee so, 1876. George Conch, Leg., Cananudaigua, NT. Y.: DEAR SIR-To your note of the 6th inst., receied this morning, Itreply at once. The facts of the case to wchich you efer ace these: At the election held in this State. NovtemberS, 1870, W. D. Blnaham, Esq., n-as candidate for the office, not of Governo, Sot Lies. tennt-Governor; Mr. Mibtook Sting at the samt election candi- date (oe the office of Representative in Congress-lorida then cumpsisioghbtsone Congressioeal District. Both n-err Demo- crats, andhbothswreelected. Their opponents were Samuel T. Day, foe the office of Lieutenant-Govrnor, and Me. Josiah T. Walls (colored) for Cogressman,ERepublicans; and they, though neither of them received as manynvotestas his Democratic com- petitor, were declared by the Statn Canvassiog Board elected. The Canvassing Booed consisted as the time of Jonathan C. Gihbs (colored). Secretary of State, Sherman Conant, Attorney. General (and at the tame time Deputy U. S. Marshal), both Repuhlicans, and R. H. Gamble, an ald Line Whig, who dis sented from she action of a majority of the Board.  438 APPENDIX. 438 APPENDIX. 438 APPENDIX. The Board were able to perpetrate this outrage by suppress. ing and refusing to canvass and count the returns from nine counties, in which Bloxham received a majority of 678 votes, and in which Niblack received a still larger majoiity. As counsel or Mr. Bloxham, I thereupon applied to the Supreme Court of the State (our highest judicial tribunal), for an order (known in law as a writ of mandamus), to compel the Board to include in the canvass the rejected returns, and as a result to declare Bloxhan elected, and to award him a certificate of his election. The petition praying for the mandamus set forth fully the facts of the case-that the election had been held-that Bloxhan was a candidate-that he possessed the legal qualifica- tions for the office-that he had received a majority of the votes cast, but was wrongfully denied a certificate of his election by the refusal of the Board to canvass and count the votes cast in the nine counties above mentioned. None of these facts were denied by the counsel for the Board in the arguments before the court on the question of granting the peremptory writ. The objection made was that the court had no jurisdiction of the case, and for that reason should not make the order. But the author. ities furnished by the decisions of other judicial tribunals (par. ticularly of the Supreme Court of Iowa), were so directly in point that our court was compelled to decide that it had rightful jurisdiction in the matter. But the court discovered a very nice technical defect in the petition for the mandamus, which had not occurred either to the minds of counsel for the Board or to that of counsel for Bloxham, which was this: The petition not only asked that the Board of Canvassers be ordered to count the re- jected returns and declare Bloxhan elected (which was all right), but that the Secretary of State as the organ of the Board (made so by law), be required to give him a certificate of his election. The court held that inasmuch as the Board had not counted all the the returns and declared Bloxham elected, ithad never been the duty of the Secretary to furnish him the certifi- cate; that the petition must therefore be amended by striking out so much as asked that that officer be ordered to give the certificate, and that upon such amendment being made the order requiring the Board to count the rejected returns and de. clare Bloxhan elected, would be granted. The petition was thereupon amended to meet the views of tile court. A few days (perhaps three or four), however, efapsed before the matter could be brought in the court again ; and then it was discovered that during -the interval a bill had been surreptitiously hurried through the Legislature (in which btdy, by reason of the rejection of the returns from the eight counties, the Republicans had secured a majority) and had be- The Board were able to perpetrate this outrage by suppress. ing and refusing to canvass and count the returns from nine counties, in which Bloxham received a majority of 678 votes, and in which Niblack received a still larger majority. As counsel or Mr. Bloxham, I thereupon applied to the Supreme Court of the State (our highest judicial tribunal), for an order (known in law as a writ of mandamus), to compel the Boad to include in the canvass the rejected returns, and as a result to declare Bloxham elected, and to award him a certificate of his election. The petition praying for the mandamus set forth fully the facts of the case-that the election had been held-that Bloxbam was a candidate-that be possessed the legal qualifica- tions for the office-that he had received a majority of the votes cast, but was wrongfully denied a certificate of his election by the refusal of the Board to canvass and count the votes cast in the nine counties above mentioned. None of these facts were denied by the counsel for the Board in the arguments before the court on the question of granting the peremptory writ. The objection made was that the court had no jurisdiction of the case, and for that reason should not make the order. But the author- ities furnished by the decisions of other judicial tribunals (par. ticularly of the Supreme Court of Iowa), were so directly in point that our court was compelled to decide that it had rightful jurisdiction in the matter. But the court discovered a very nice technical defect in the petition for the mandamus, which had not occurred either to the minds of counsel for the Board or to that of counsel for Bloxham, which was this: The petition not only asked that the Board of Canvassers be ordered to count the re- jected returns and declare Bloxhan elected (which was all right), but that the Secretary of State as the organ of the Board (made so by law), be required to give him a certificate of his election. The court held that inasmuch as the Board had not counted all the the returns and declared Bloxham elected, ithad never been the duty of the Secretary to furnish him the certifi. cate; that the petition must therefore be amended by striking out so much as asked that that officer be ordered to give the certificate, and that upon such amendment being made the order requiring the Board to count the rejected returns and de- clare Bloxhan elected, would be granted. The petition was thereupon amended to meet the views of tlie court. A few days (perhaps three or four), however, efapsed before the matter could be brought in the court again ; and then it was discovered that during -the interval a bill had been surreptitiously hurried through the Legislature (in which blsdy, by reason of the rejection of the returns from the eight counties, the Republicans had secured a majority) and had be- The Board were able to perpetrate this outrage by suppress. ing and refusing to canvass and count the returns from nine counties, in which Bloxhan received a majority of 678 votes, and in which Niblack received a still larger majority. As counsel or Mr. Bloxham, I thereupon applied to the Supreme Court of the State (our highest judicial tribunal), for an order (known in law as a writ of mandamus), to compel the Board to include in the canvass the rejected returns, and as a result to declare Bloxhan elected, and to award him a certificate of his election. The petition praying for the mandamus set forth fully the facts of the case-that the election had been held-that Bloxhan was a candidate-that he possessed the legal qualifica- tions for the office-that he had received a majority of the votes cast, but was wrongfully denied a certificate of his election by the refusal of the Board to canvass and count the votes cast in the nine counties above mentioned. None of these facts were denied by the counsel for the Board in the arguments before the court on the question of granting the peremptory writ. The objection made was that the court had no jurisdiction ofthe case, and for that reason should not make the order. But the author- ities furnished by the decisions of other judicial tribunals (par. ticularly of the Supreme Court of Iowa), were so directly in point that our court was compelled to decide that it had rightful jurisdiction in the matter. But the court discovered a very nice technical defect in the petition for the mandamus, which had not occurred either to the minds of counsel for the Board or to that oficounsel for Bloxbam, which was this: The petition not only asked that the Board of Canvassers be ordered to count the re- jected returns and declare Bloxhan elected (which was all right), but that the Secretary of State as the organ of the Board (made so by law), be required to give him a certificate of his election. The court held that inasmuch as the Board had not counted all the the returns and declared Bloxbam elected, ithad never been the duty of the Secretary to furnish him the certifi- cate; that the petition must therefore be amended by striking out so much as asked that that officer be ordered to give the certificate, and that upon such amendment being made the order requiring-the Board to count the rejected returns and de- clare Bloxham elected, would be granted. The petition was thereupon amended to meet the views of tlie court. A few days (perhaps three or four), however, elapsed hefore the matter could be brought in the court again; and then it was discovered that during .the interval a bill had been surreptitiously hurried through the Legislature (in which bjdy, by reason of the rejection of the returns from the eight counties, the Republicans had secured a majority) and had be-  APPENDIX. 439 APPENDIX. 439 APPENDIX. 439 coea law' by the approt'al of the Goternor, sshereby the State Canvassing Boaed had beet oholished, so that, at tbe coort held, therercoold he no forthor legal proceedings against them to compelttemtodo theirdty. Thuso(as farastIaoawee),hby ansospocdootod legislative ousrage. judicial precoiogt onsti- toted in tho oame o1 tho Stato, to secore for one of boo citioeot the office to wehich a majority of the people had eleced him, were sommarily orrested. tf you bave access to toy, iaoyet't libraryecontaining the Flor- ida Repoots yoa woill fiod the cost puolohed in the 13 volotme, Florido Reports, cototoooong at Poge 55' wohero all the foctsar givn. The title ofthe cae is '"rhe Stato of Florido e arol." Win. D. Bloxhoot vt. Jonathano C. Gihhs, Secoetory of Stote, et al." Thot thwarted io the prosoootioo of his legal eights through thetaomary aodepediious poces ofeendamuso hy the intervention of the Legislature, tothing teas loft foe Blox- ham hat to istitute an the tarot coast tedious proceedings by a actionoatlaweagainttehis competitor to recover the office. Sn thete proceedingt, involvicg great eopense and delayt, he weas finally soccessful, aod by the uanoimouos judgtment of aecourt, to-othirdt of woe moemobers were Repuhlican is polities, he oh- raioedoa decision oacadittg tito the office to wchich the people had mote than eighten montths previous elected him. This second coe,fortootereasont,lich tee ace left tocojtue has sot gone ino the Flidoa Reorts, hot I teed yeua ocertified copy of the judgtettendcered, tahco loom the recordt. At regfards judge Niblach, clotted to Congress at the same tiote that Mr. Bloohon teas elected Lieoteoaot-Governor, and defrauded of a certificate of hit electioo an the tome may, wehat of him? I antower, aftos a contest hefore the House of Repre- settvsat Washington, he fioally soceeded in ousting Wafts, weho had usnooped the teat foe tet'ey-thdee mothsld. This tardy act ofjostic herohtainedat thehands ofmeomhers of Cotngress two-thirds of wchomt note Repuhiican. I snap odd that int the electios of 1874, the name gentlemtan, Mo. Waoils, seas again a candidate for Congress, judge Finley being his Democratic op- ponent. Agaio hr obtained a certificate of election too t eat to wchoch he appers not to hace been entitled; and again the House of Representatices (this tinse Demsocratic-) after a moth shooter contest, howeer, required him to givo place to his Dem- ocratic opponent. One thing S hose not mentioned in connectin with the State Cancasoing Booed teho perpetrated the fraud of wohich Bioham and Nihioch and the peopie weho elected them were the victims. That is this: Sherman Conant, U. S. Deputy Marshal and nown holding the office of Marshal, was aot Astor- come a fate by the approval of the Governor, wehereby the State Casnvassing Booed had been abolished, so that, as the court held, shere eould he no furthter legal proceedings against them to compel themtoodo thindoty. Thust(as freastIaeaweare),hby anounprecedented legislatice outrage, ju~dicial proceoings insti- toted in the nate of the State, so scutre for one of boo citzens the office so tehich a msajority of the peopie hod eleced him, wtere sutetarily attested. Sf yoo hace access so toy latenos Storatr' containing the Flor- ida Reports yee teill flod the cost putclished in the 13 volume, Florida Reports, comomenctng as toge 55, tee all the fools are given. Thertitle ofthe case is I 'The State of Florida ca rel.' Win. D. Bioshato vo. Jonathatn C. Gibbs, Secretary of State, ef sal." That thwnarecd in tioe prstecutiono of his legal eights throughstse summtayaod exediios process ofertandamson by the intrenttion of the Legislature, tothing teas left for Blos' hate hat to in stitute intt he same ecotrt todious proceedings by an actionoatilaagainst his copetitoe to recover the office. Sn these proceedings, involicisg great expette and delays, he seas Boalysocessfusl, and by the uanmoso judgment of a coons, tweo-thirds of wseie meers wcere Republican in politics, hr oh' tained a decisioo awcarding lins the office to wchich the people had are than eight-en monts previoos elected him. This second case, fotsoeeaonmclic tee are left tocojtue has not gone ioto the Flortida Reports, hot I send you a certified copty of the judgmtsendceed, taken loom the records. As regards judge Nibloch, elected to Congess as the tome tite that ihr. Soxham teas elected Licotenant-Gonersar, and defeauded agoa certificate of his electi~on in the tote teay, wehat of him? I answcer, atter a contest before the House of Repre. sentatives at Wtashingtont, he Renally sttceded in nesting Walls, seho hod usurped the seat foe tenty-to-ce zotldo. This tardy act of justice he obtained at thehands of members of Congress tteo-thirds of tehom tee Repuliican. S soap add that in the election Of sf74, thc same gentlean, Mr. Waolts, teas again a candidate foc Coegress, judge Finley bring his Democnatic op. ponent. Agaio hr obtained a certificate of clection tooa soot to wehich he appearcnot to hace hors entitled; and again the House nf Representatices (this tite Democratic) alter a mach shooteso contest, howsener, requiced bins to fine place so his Dem- ocratic opponent. Ose thong S hat's not teentioned in cosnection with the State Canvattleg Booed teho perpetrated the freed of wehich Bloxham and Niblacb and she people weho elected them mere the victims. 'Thot is this: Sherman Conant, U. S. Deputy Marshal and nnow holding the office of Marshal, mas aol Astor. tame a lose by the approval of the Governnr, mhereby the State Canvassing Beard had horn abolished, so thot, as the tenet held, therercoold he no fursther legal peoceedings against them to comspel themto doshirdty. Thus(as far as Ioasawe),hby anounprecedented lcgislatice outrage, -judicial pnoceeclsgo nsti- toted in the oatee of the fSatc, to secuore foe one of her citizens the nffice to sehich a teajority of tloe people had elected him, mere summarily assessed. If yea hone access so atop lawyer's lilonasy containing the Flee. ida Repoets pea seill flood thes coot ptoioshed i0 thea13 nelatne, Florida Repoets, ccommencing as page 55 whtere all the facts ore given. The title of sthe casc it '"The State of Florida eu ee/'" Win. D. Blosha,, vs. Jonathoan C. Gibbs, Secretary of State, of of. Thos thwearted 10 tit proecotion of his legal rights stough tetsummtayaod exeditious process ofetandamuso by the intrention of the Lcgilaturse, nthiing teas left for Blox' ham hat to institute into slo ame cootrt tedious proceedisgs by an action at law againost his competitor to recover the office. Sn these proceedings, inoolcinog great eopense and delays, hr seas Renally soccessful, attd by the uoanious judgmnt of a cut two-thirds of whiose meersoc ocere Republican in politics, hr oh- rainedoadcisionawadiog bins the office to whoich the people had teore thao eighteens mtohs previous elected him. This second case,forsoeeaooolii tee are leftto cnjecture, boo cot Rone into the Floidla Rfepocts, buat I seed you a certified copy of thejudfgment renodered, taken loom the records. As5 regards judge Nibiach, elected to Coengross at the same tite that Mro. Blooltam s elected Lieutetant-Goernor, and defrauded of a certificate of his electoen in the tote teay, what of him? I aswer, after a contest before the House of Rrpre- sentatices at Washingtont, hr fieetly sacoe-dod in ousting Walls, weho hod usurped the seat loo tuOnny-eloee mntds. This tardy act ofjosticr he obtained at the hands of temters of Congress tteo-thirds of tehom were Repooblican. I map odd that in the election of 1874, the sosee fentlensan, Mr. W~alls, teas again a candidate foe Congress, judge Finley being his Democratic op. pnnent. Again hr obtaised a certificate of election to a seat to tehich hr appears not so hace been entitled; and again the House nf Repeentatices (this time Democratic) abtet a mach shortee contest, hoeere, reqoiced bite to gino place to his Dem- oratic opponent. One thing S hae not menstioned in connection seith the State Canvassinog Booed seho perpetrated the fraud af wehich Blooham and Niblach and the people weho elected them mere the victims. 'Shot is this:t Shermano Conant, U. S. Deputy Marshal and note holding the office of Marshal, mas not Attor.  440 APPENDIX- 440 APPENDIX. 440 APPENDIX. ney-General and thus a member of the State Canvassing Board at the time of that election. The then Attorney-General re- signed between the date of the election and the day when the election returns were canvassed. He resigned, it is believed, rather than be a party to the fraud which the Republican man- agers required at the hands of the Board. Marshal Conant was appointed to the vacant office of Attorney-General, and thus one of the Board of Canvassers (still, however, retaining his Federal office) because his reputation as a ballot-box stuffer, es- tablisied at the election for Governor in 1868, showed that there was no political job unworthy of his hands. As I have said, he is still United States Marshal. It was during his reign when it was necessary, in 1871, at the meeting of the Legislature. for the Republicans to obtain control of theSenate, that two Democratic Senators were arrested here at the capital and taken off 165 miles to Jacksonville (al- though Tallahassee was and is one of the places fixed by law for holding the U. S. Court). They were kept at Jacksonville on a trumped up charge ofcritme, for which neither of them teas ever tried, until the Radicals, by ousting members entitled to seats and putting in theirplaces men having n todale to membership. ob- tained a working majority of both branches of the Legislature. Under the same reign, too, it was that a few days before the Tallahassee municipal election in 1871, at which it was thought the vote between parties would be very close, a number of ou prominent citizens, all Democrats, were taken to Jacksonville, at the expense of the United States Government, as witnesses, summoned to go before the U. S Grand jury, not one of whom was, after getting there, called upon to testify. In view of outrages like these, the recital of which would fill not a letter but a volume, which we have suffered at the hands of oun carpet-bag officials, both State and Federal-(our Legislature has been largely controlled by Federal office holders also members of that body), you need not be surprised to hear that the people of Florida are looking with aching eyes and yearning hearts for the man, be he Tilden or Hayes, who is to give us Civil Service Reform. Only this, however, I add: as Conant & Co. are the agencies by which the reform is expected to be accomplished here, in the event of the election of Governor Hayes, and as they are the parties to be reformed by their own expulsion from office, we are not sanguine as to the success of the reform promised us by the Northern supporters of the Republi- can Presidential candidate. "Can Beelzebub cast out devils ?" or will he if he can ? Very truly your friend, R. B. HILTON. ney.General and thus a member of the State Canvassing Board at the time of that election. The then Attorney-General re- signed between the date of the election and the day when the election returns were canvassed. He resigned, it is believed, rather than be a party to the fraud which the Republican man- agers required at the hands of the Board. Marshal Conant was appointed to the vacant office of Attorney-General, and thus one of the Board of Canvassers (still, however, retaining his Federal office) because his reputation as a ballot-box stuffer, es- tablislhed at the election for Governor in 1868, showed that there was no political job unworthy of his nands. As I have said, he is still United States Marshal. It was during his reign when it was necessary, in 1871, at the meeting of the Legislature. for the Republicans to obtain control of the Senate, that two Democratic Senators were arrested here at the capital and taken off 165 miles to Jacksonville (al- though Tallahassee was and is one of the places fixed by law for holding the U. S. Court). They were kept at Jacksonville on a trumped up charge of crimae, for which neither of them was ever tried, until the Radicals, by ousting members entitled to seats andputting in their places men having no clabs to membership, ob- tained a working majority of both branches of the Legislature. Under the same reign, too, it was that a few days before the Tallahassee municipal election in 1871, at which it was thought the vote between parties would be very close, a number of our prominent citizens, all Democrats, were taken to Jacksonville, at the expense of the United States Government, as witnesses, summoned to go before the U. S Grand Jury, not one of whom was, after getting there, called upon to testify. In view of outrages like these, the recital of which would fill not a letter but a volume, which we have suffered at the hands of our carpet-bag officials, both State and Federal-(our Legislature has been largely controlled by Federal office holders also members of that body), you need not be surprised to hear that the people of Florida are looking with aching eyes and yearning hearts for the man, be he Tilden or Hayes, who is to give us Civil Service Reform. Only this, however, I add: as Conant & Co. are the agencies by which the reform is expected to be accomplished here, in the event of the election of Governor Hayes, and as they are the parties to be reformed by their own expulsion from office, we are not sanguine as to the success of the reform promised us by the Northern supporters of the Republi- can Presidential candidate. "Can Beelzebub cast out devils?" or will he if he can ? Very truly your friend, R. B. HILTON. ney-General and thus a member of the State Canvassing Board at the time of that election. The then Attorney-General re- signed between the date of the election and the day when the election returns were canvassed. He resigned, it is believed, rather than be a party to the fraud which the Republican man- agers required at the hands of the Board. Marshal Conant was appointed to the vacant office of Attorney-General, and thus one of the Board of Canvassers (still, however, retaining his Federal office) because his reputation as a ballot-box staffer, es- tablitlsed at the election for Governor in 1868, showed that there was no political job unworthy of his hands. As I have said, he is still United States Marshal. It was during his reign when it was necessary, in 1871, at the meeting of the Legislature, for the Republicans to obtain control ofthe Senate, that two Democratic Senators were arrested here at the capital and taken off 165 miles to Jacksonville (al- though Tallahassee was and is one of the places fixed by law for holding the U. S. Court). They were kept at Jacksonville on a trumped up charge of crite, for which neither of them was ever tried, until the Radicals, by ousting members entitled to seats andputting in theirplaces men having no caim to membership, ob- tained a working majority of both branches of the Legislature. Under the same reign, too, it was that a few days before the Tallahassee municipal election in 1871, at which it was thought the vote between parties would be very close, a number of our prominent citizens, all Democrats, were taken to Jacksonville, at the expense of the United States Government, as witnesses, summoned to go before the U. S Grand jury, not one of whom was, after getting there, called upon to testify. In view of outrages like these, the recital of which would fill not a letter but a volume, which we have suffered at the hands of our carpet-bag officials, both State and Federal-(our Legislature has been largely controlled by Federal office holders also members of that body), you need not be surprised to hear that the people of Florida are looking with aching eyes and yearning hearts for the man, be he Tilden or Hayes, who is to give us Civil Service Reform. Only this, however, I add: as Conant & Co. are the agencies by which the reform is expected to be accomplished here, in the event of the election of Governor Hayes, and as they are the parties to be reformed by their own expulsion from office, we are not sanguine as to the success of the reform promised us by the Northern supporters of the Republi- can Presidential candidate. "Can Beelzebub cast out devils?" or will he if he can ? Very truly your friend, R. B. HILTOsN.  APPENDIX E. TALLAHASSEE, FLA., Jan. 31, 1887. Hon. Harrison Reed, Jacksonville, Fla.: DEAR SIR-I am engaged in writing up the history of the reconstruction of this State, and as you were the centre of attrac- tion in this theatre, please give me correct information on the following points, which were commonly rumored over the State while you were Governor: Was there any attempt made by Put- man, Stearns & Co. to do violence to you while Governor in order to get you out of the way at all hazards? Did you ever overhear any of this gang at any place plotting to put you to death? If so, please state their names and the circumstances. This information will be thankfully received by me. Yours truly, JOHN WALLACE. SoUTH JACKSONVILLE, Feb. 9, 1887. Hon. John Hdlace: DEAR SIR--In reply to the enquiries of your letter of 3t ult., I regret to say that at various periods during my official term as Governor attempts were made by persons holding Fed- eral offices, by procurement of Senator Osborn, to compel me to surrender my office; but I was not personally cognizant of any intended violence other than that which attended the at- tempt to forcibly install Lieutenant-Governor Gleason as Gov- ernor. On that occasion a conspiracy was formed by Osborn and his military satraps,and the Richards-Billings faction, to de- pose me by violence and take possession of the capitol. This was within a few months after my inauguration, in consequence of oty refusal to obey their dictation to "vandalize the State," to quote the expression of Osborn, in my exercise ofthe appoint- ing power. It embraced all the prominent Federal office-hold- ers in the State, from the marshal down, most of whom were in the Legislature, subject to orders from Osborn under penalty of removal. This conspiracy was defeated only through the vigi. lance of Adjutant-General Carse, aided by the faithful and in. APPENDIX E. TALLAHASSEE, FLA., Jan. 31, 1887. Hon. Harison Reed, Jacksonville, Fla. : DEAR SIR-I am engaged in writing up the history of the reconstruction of this State, and as you were the centre of attrac- tion in this theatre, please give me correct information on the following points, which were commonly rumored over the State while you were Governor: Was there any attempt made by Put- man, Stearns & Co. to do Violence to you while Governor in order to get you out of the way at all hazards? Did you ever overhear any of this gang at any place plotting to put you to death? If so, please state their names and the circumstances. This information will be thankfully received by me. Yours truly, JOHN WALLACE. SoUTH JACKSONVILLE, Feb. 9, 1887- Hon. John Wfallace: DEAR Sit-In reply to the enquiries of your letter of 31st alt., I regret to say that at various periods during my official term as Governor attempts were made by persons holding Fed- eral offices, by procurement of Senator Osborn, to compel me to surrender my office; but I was not personally cognizant of any intended violence other than that which attended the at- tempt to forcibly install Lieutenant-Governor Gleason as Gov- ernor. On that occasion a conspiracy was formed by Osborn and his military satrapstand the Richards-Billingsfaction, to de- pose me by Violence and take possession of the capitol. This was within a few months after my inauguration, in consequence. of my refusal to obey their dictation to vandalize the State," to quote the expression of Osborn, in my exercise of the appoint- ing power. It embraced all the prominent Federal office-hold- ers in the State, from the marshal down, most of whom were in the Legislature, subject to orders from Osborn under penalty of removal. This conspiracy was defeated only through the vigi- lance of Adjutant-General Carse, aided by the faithful and in- APPENDIX E. TALLAHASSEE, FLA., Jan. 31, 188 Hon. Harrison Reed, Jacksonville, Fla.: DEAR SIt-I am engaged in writing up the history of the reconstruction of this State, and as you were the centre of attrac- tion in this theatre, please give me correct information on the following points, which were commonly rumored over the State while you were Governor: Was there any attempt made by Put- man, Stearns & Co. to do violence to you while Governor in order to get you out of the way at all hazards? Did you ever overhear any of this gang at any place plotting to put you to death? If so, please state their names and the circumstances. This information wif be thankfully received by me. Yours truly, JOHN WALLACE. SOUTH JACKSON VILLE, Feb. 9, t887r Ho. Jodn Httface: DEAR SIR--In reply to the enquiries of your letter Of 31st olt., I regret to say that at various periods during my official term as Governor attempts were made by persons holding Fed- eral offices, by procurement of Senator Osborn, to compel me to surrender my office; but I was not personally cognizant of any intended violence other than that which attended the at- tempt to forcibly install Lieutenant-Governor Gleason as Gov- ernor. On that occasion a conspiracy was formed by Osborn and his military satraps, and the Richards-Billingsfaction, to de- pose me by violence and take possession of the capitol. This was within a few months after my inauguration, in consequence of my refusal to obey their dictation to "vandalize the State," to quote the expression of Osborn, in my exercise of the appoint- ing power. It embraced all the prominent Federal office-hold- ers in the State, from the marshal down, most of whom were in the Legislature, subject to orders from Osborn under penalty of removal. This conspiracy was defeated only through the vigi- lance of Adjutant-General Carse, aided by the faithful and in-  442 APPENDIX. coreoptible Sheriff Mungee, of Leon county, sutained by lead- ing cititens. O~n that occaoion he copitl oat oodee tinge, ood foe foety- sixodaysnand nightsnwasnguaeded byooenrmod force ofoluteerst onder eneral Cene. Byneav ofinimidationigoalteocketn weee neont op doeing the night feonm the City Hotel, teheee the revotutionitsn hod thtie headquaetert, cod toy hoarding-house teat freqoently distoehed on stormoy nightt hy the String of goons and pistols in clone yeoximnity. These measues not securing the desied effect,ayplanteasdeised totakeme feom toy roonm by night and secretly dispone of tme, n-bite aeousing the Nonth by the change than a Reyuhtican Coveenor had ben annassinated by "rebel tho-Klon;" cod thin teat oly fruttraned by inn ditcocery to General Coene, to wehose vigilance on that occasion t oee toy tife. Atatlatneryeriodtn-oasadvisedhby letter of a menetnog of thee of the conspirtorse at a eroom io the City Hotel, at obich itneanageedbhatnhouldhbe violendlydinpoted of. Pontoon teat not of the atleged too, hat Steann teat, cod the othee two weeFederal office-holttert n-ho woere contyicuous in the thee tobseqoent atepts at toy impenchbtent n-hipS dishononed the Republican oatoe and ocenthen the Reyubticao paety io the State. Soon abtet thit alleged toentiog at the City Hotel, the nolo- rions Lobe Lott, of Calhoonecoonty, aypeaned itt Taltahasnee foe the avowed poepose to astasnioate ton, cod teat only ye- veetd byoy teopoay abence, andnthrough the intereeocon of Gov-ence glonban, weho teared bin toission cod yeenuaded bite to abandone in. tereceivedepyeated anonymousntheats, adheeer I went nofficialtorprivatenbusinesst o at foltowed by Otborn spiesnand emissaries, cod on one occasion teat onrested in Newe York at 4o'ctockhintheoafternoon, on crliinl choegen braned io Washington, cod tn-ceo to by a toan I hodner teen, adtoitted to he weholty flste, foe the note puepose ofecompelling my confinento no Ludlowo-Steeet jail on-pp Suo- day. It teat nopposed that at that tote boon I coold non obtain Ingot asnintaoce, ban, foetunately, tLinateaont-Coenoe 440 PEDX coroptible Sheriff Muogee, of Leon couoty, contained by lead- ing citizens. On that occanion he capitot teat undertsiege, and ton fanny- sixndays cod nights teat guarded by an aermed force ofeolotteens undnerGeneral Coene. By n-an- of intitoidation signal rockets w ee tent op dorng the night feomo the City Hotel, n-bee the revoltoniits had themr headquartens, and toy boanding-hoone weasfrequently distorbed onstoetey nighbnthe firiog of goons and pistolt in ctose peoximnity. Thene toeanoren non secueing the desired effoct, aplanteasndevisedtotaemefon toy eroom by night and necnetly dinpoe of toe, wehite aeounieg the Noeth by the chaege that a Republican Coceror had been annanninaned by "rebet Ko-Kton" ad thin teat only frustrted by inn dincoerey toaGeneraCaee,ntotwhose vigianceonthanoccaionInowe my life.- Atatlteeypeeiodttewasadised by letter of a meeting of thee of the cotnypiratoen at a rooto in the City Hotel, at ohich innwasnageeednthatt Inhoutd he violenlydinposed of. Poetoco teat non of the alleged two hot Steaens teat, cod the other to weeFederat office-holdent wo on-ere conspicouos in the dhree subsequent attemtoys at toy impechenet which dithooreed the Rfepublican ontme cod overnhew the Repubticao nanny in the State. Soon ahter thin atteged mtoeng at the City Hotel, the polo- rioun Lobe Lott, of Cathoun counny, appeared in Tallahassee foe the avowned purpose no assanninate mon, cod teat only pee- vneted bytoy tempoeaeyabsence,aodtheough thelotenceron of Gon-ernoe Stoohato, teho learnnd bin toinnion and peetoaded himto noabaodon it. I eceived repeated anonyousothreat, cod weheeere I went onofficialorpr-ivatebusintess n-wan tfooed by Osboen's spiesnaodemissaies, atndo oonoccain teat aresned in Nete Yorkbat 4o'clockhinthe aftenoon, on crninol chargen framned in Washington, and sn-orn no by a mano I hadner teen, adtted no be n-holly flste, foe the note purpose of cotopellingtmy confioetoent to Ludloe-Seen jail oere Son- day. tteassuyposedthat at tat late houreI could not obtain legal anninnance, hot, fortunately, Lieotenaont-Coeenon coeroptible SheeiffMungee, of Leon conty, nustaioed by lead- ing citizeons. On thatoccasioo hencapitolteastnderiege, aod fon forty- sixndays and nights teat guarded by an anteed force ofeoooteens nnder enereatCane. Bynenn-ofiotitoidationoignlercets toere neont op doping the oight froto the City Hotel, wehere the evotionists had theip headquartert, cod toy boaeding-house tent frequenly dintuebed on stoerny nightt by the fining of goons and pistols io clone pronimnity. Thneeneaturesnnotnsecuringnthe desired effec, aptanwasdevisedntotaketoebfom toy rooto by night and secredy dinpone of toe, teile anronsing the North by the charge that a Repubtican Coernon bad been annannioated by "rebet Ko-Kton;" and thin teat only feantrated by its discovery to General Caene, to whbonn vigilance on than occasion I oe toy fife.- Atn aterepeiodtn asadised by tenenr of a metneing of tbnee of the coonypinooe at a eroom io the City Hotel, an n-hipS itewasagred thatnbsouldhbeioendlydiposed of. Puetoan n-an non of the alleged tteo, ban Steansn n-an, and the otbee two weePederal office-hotders n-ho oere conspicouon io the three nobteqoent attemts at toy itopeachment n-hipS dinbonoped the Republican nane cod oceenhen the Reyublican paety in the State. Soon aftee thin alteged toeening an the City Honet, the noto- rioun Lobe Lotn, of Calhoucony, apeaeed in Tallahassee forethe avowedpurpose to assanninate me, and wasnonly pre- venedhbynmyeoraryabsnoce, andthrnough the intervention of Goveenor Slonhte, n-ho learned bin toinnion cod pensuaded bimte o abandon in. Inreceived reeated anonyoushet, and weherevenI w-entnonofficialtorpivate buness tewat followed by Oshorn's spiesnandneissaies, and on one occasion n-on areeted in Noew Yoek atn4o'clockin the afternoo, on ceitoinat chaeges froteed in Wanhiognon, and tn-ceo to by a non I Sod nevee teen, adtend to he wehotly flste, foe the note purpose of compelling my coofontoent to Ludlow--Seen jail acner Son- day. Itn-asnsuppoed thaanthatoaehorIcoutd not obtain legal onnintance, ban, fortunately, Lieutenant-Governoe  APPEDIX.443 Woodford was found. and immediately sucesfuly inteefered in my behalf. When I astotoed the preerogatives of toy office, after the diosolotion of the couet convened for my itopeachotent, the iofa- mosLieuteoant-Goveroo Day publicly offered a retood foi my head, aod, with the opproval of aRepuhlican gathering at Jacksonvcille, theatened to hng me in the Copitol Square if caoght in Talichaonee Subheqeqontly, wohen Doy was ousted at Lieoteoaot-Goveroe hy the court and Bloohamdeclared elected, I eeived fom Woshiogtoo, maorhed "Itoportant" and headed "Strictly Pei- vate," o lettee ftoto a proominent repreentative of Oshorn & Steaeoo' Great Southern Railway Swindle, a lettee of mhich the following its a tre copy: WASHoTeON, D. C., June 2nd., 187a. Hon. H.Reed, DEco GovcNtOon-I deem it toy duty to put .ou it poses- tion of tame important ioformtatioo I came actoss thit moorning nheomeot tohereahfast at tht Ehhitt Houte. I toot catted one sidehby apominent Georgia Democrat with whom Ihecame acquaintedtwo yeas ago at Atlanta, andmwhomt Inervedhby helpiog him in a measure he had hefore Goveenot Bullock foe hiscapprocal. Thisegentleman aseac ate if I mat a feicod of Goceenor Reed, andif Ihad anyteteretinyopersanlly? I replied, of course I had, and, at he hoem, mat ltargely interetted intraileoad materso. He theo athed meiftIhad teen the Pess diopatchesointhe moening pape? I replied Ihad not yet read the papers, when he catted my attention to the ditpatch toying Bloohato was sworn in at Lieutenant-Gocernoe. He taid he ma anxtiosto putme onmygaredand togive to esome very valuahle infotmation foe my ohn enefit, hot t mutt pledge that Inoald in no may divulge at in any way let the kowledge oct to any other person. I gone tim a promise mhich I do not think t am now hreakhing hy recealing thiseconveation to yan. This toan tays thaa ceretai~n Georgia, Alahama cod Florida Dem- ocratmeeehereeandhad had atseceet cacut, and that it had been determined that Reed shoold not he in themway of the elec- tion thit fall, and that Blanham now being in the succesion and APPEDIX.443 Woodford was. found, and immediately successfully interfered in my hehalf. When I assumned the preeogativet of my office, after the distolution of the ecourt convned foe my impeachment, the infa- moot Lieotenant-Goveror Day puhlicly offened a remard foi top head, and, mith the approval of a Repuhtican gathering at Jachsoncille, theatened to hoof me in the Capitol Squate if caught in Tallahassee Suhseqttently, wohen Day wasooattdasLieueant-Goenot hy theeoura and Bloanadeclaedelected, I rencedfrom Wanhington, toothed "Itoportant" and headed "Strictly Pri- vat,"a letter from a prominent tepresentative of Osoon & Stearns' Great Soothern Railmay Smindle, a letter of wohich the folloming it a tre copy: WASHNTONc, D. C., June and., 1 872a. Zion. H. Reed- DnAR GOcoEcnon-I deem it my daty to pat .ott in pottes. sionofsome important information I came acrosstthis morning when Iment tohbreakfasttat the Ehhitt House. I moo catted one tide byca prominent Georgia Democratmwith mhom Ihecame acquainted two years ago at Atlanta, cod wohom I terved by helping him in ameatate he had hefore Governor Bolloch fot histapproval. Thisagentleman athetd ne if I mas a feiaod of Governor Reed,condifIhalnyiteetinyoperonlly? t reylied, of coarte t hod, and, at he knem, mat largely interested intoilroad matte. He then akedmeeif Ihad teen the Pess disatchet in the morning payee? t teplied I had cot yet read the papers, wohen he called my attention to the dispatch toying Bloxhamn toat sworn in an Lieutenant-Govetno. He taid he wasannxtosto putme ontmy guardand to glee me tome coop valoale infomation fotmy ownbenft,hbut Imutpedge that Imoold io no may divulge or it any may let the knowledge act to any other person. t fact him a promise which I do not thinh I am now heaking hy revealing thit converstation to yon. This man tayt that certain Georgia, Alahama and Flcrida Dem- ocrats eeehereeand had hadcaecetcacu, and that it hod been determined that Reed thould cot he in themway of thenlec- tion thin fall, and that Bloxhamn now being in the sccoction nd APPEDIX.443 Woodford tons found. and immtediately tucessfolly interfeted in my hehalf. WhentIasonted the pertogatives of toy office, after the ditsolution of the nocrt convened foe my impeachment, the infa- moot Lieutenant-Goveror Day puhlicly offered a reward foi my head, and, mith ahe approval cf a Repuhlican gathering at Jacksonville,cthreatened to hang me in the Capitol Square if caught in Tallahootee Suhseqttently, when Day wat ousted as Lieutenant-Govetnor hy thenourt andfflothandeclaedeleted, I teceived ftom Washington, toarhed "Imoportant" and headed "Strictly Pri- tote," a letter from a prominent tepesentatie of Oshortt & Stearns' Great Southern Railway Swindle, a letter of tohich the following it a trae copy: WASHneInco, H. C., June ood., 1872. Hon. H Reed. DEARnGccneccOR-Ideem itmy dty to pt .o in pottet- tiaonof some important informationtIcame acrostthintmoring when Iment tohbeakfastat the Ehhitt House. tewos called one sidehbya pominnt GeogiaDemocat ith whom Itecame acquaited toyers ago at Atlanta, and whom Itservdhy helping him in ameasue he had hefoe Governor Bullock foe hiscapproval. Thisogentleman athei nte if I man a feitod of Gocernor Reed,and if Ihad anyiteestt in youpersonally? I replied, at courte I had, and, at he hnew, mat largely interested inrilroad matter. HetthenoaskedtmeiftIhadceen the Pess dispatches in the mooning paper? I teplied I had cot yet toad the papert, when he called my attention to the dispatch saying Bloaham was sw eorn in an Lieutenant-Governo. He said he was anousoto putme onmygardcnd to giee me tome very caluahle information foe my omnhbenefit, hct I moot pledge that Imwould in no may ditulgecerin any way let the komledge oat to any other person. I gave aim a promoise tohich t do not think I am acm hreaking hy revealing thiscnonversation to you. Thit toan toys that certain Geargia, Alahama and Flotida Dem- ocrats ee ereand hadhadaecret cacus, cand that it had heen determined that Reed should nat hemi themway of the elec- tion this fall, and that Blooham now being in the succetsion and  444APEDX Georgia and Alabamsa being Demoatic, that Florida et he so, evento the sifice ofReed,whoshouldbe pt under the groutndif hedid notquietly giv'e ayto thems. He adv'isedtse to make friends weith Biohats, and he and Governoe Smoith would helpsmthrottghwithemy oad. t asked hims if he was it earnest, and he said emost etmphatically, ' By Gad, old Reed willsnttbe alivestheeeetahsif he doa'tosuender. Weno have a chatce, aedaweshcaleot ltitslip-we aehboundto have Florida from the Repohlicans, east wchat it msay, and the only thigtnowinthe ayis Reed." t putthe questionso him it half a dozen different sweys ' Ihem they intended to get cot- teal, aed he replied each time intshe samse mannaer. They noss had the State atd Reed muosthbite the dut oesureedee. t thee asked kim to give sae tke tnases of the poetics in this msove, and he replied: " You did me a fasor ia Attanta twseas at go; I nat do yaa ate tetting yoa hoe so secue pots raitroad aloer- essin hash States, has yaa ash mte elate that I til tsell when youtask farnames." This is all Icouldget, adgive itto you as Igat it, believing, as Ide, every tordaof it. t hase doae only fat yau that I hetieve you woold hate date foe ate, ad if I hate date yat assesvice I shall he glad. I am, yaurs seep respectttly, L. Baa 183, Washingst, D. C. It woald tahe reats af popes ta give pat all the detaits of the cospiracy to subsert the Statesgoverneosnt so corropt poe- poses and inolve the Stale it dishonor for the henefit of at armpaof Ihbmmest"cnd pliticldetuers thofasted utponthesFredman's Bureautodehauchsthefeedmoen foe pee- sonal aggrandizement. Suffice it that the conspireats wcere thwarted aed, nith afet exceptions, hate fats henceleating the Stats so their politicat oppoaents, the ass doieg their hest to render Repohtican admtinistration respectable it compariona. Veryptrulp, youaohedientservsant, HARRISON REED. Georgia atd Atahama being Democratic, thet Floride toss he so, even ta the sacrifice of Reed, thoashoutdhbe pttt oadter the geound ifkhedidanot qoietlp givesaystothem. Heeadoisedtsme to make friends th Bloottcsa, cod he and Governor Smith wouldkhelp methogh with my road. Icasked hit if he tat in earnest, assd he scid most empthaticclty, I"S y God, old Reed will nothe alive theemonths if he donat surender. We sot havesachance, adtweshlt tletitslip -weaehound to hats Florida froma the Repuhliccns, cot that it tap, and the onlpsthing now intheswaypisReed." I putthe questiosstohim it half a dozen different taps I"Ihot they itended so get coa- tol, and he replied each time intshe sate mcaer. They tot had the Stats and eed msust hits the dcst as sourresndter. I then asked him so give me Ike tomes of she parties intis move, and he replied: " Yea did me a favor it Atlantta two yeci s cgo; I now dopyo ne telling you howtso secure pocr rcilroad lasso- essin hash States, hot pan ask me stats that I till tell thea younash fornames." This isall Icould get, andgive itto you astIgot it, helisting, as Ido, evseep toed of is. t hose dons only fat pot that I believe pou twould hcve doe for sat, atd if I hats date pat a service I shcll he glcd. I am, yeas coop respectfully, L. Boa 183, 'Washington, D. C. Is would take reams of paper to fist pot all the details of the conspiracto subvert thehState goernment t corrupt pat- pates and invole the State in dishOoe toe the henefit af cn temp of "hbumsees " cnd political adventuers the fassted apontshe Freedsaan's Bureaau to dehaoch the fteedmen fat pee- stonat aggrandiement. Suffice it thct she cotspirctors tee thwarted atd, tith afen exceptsions, have gone hence, leating the Stats to their political opponets, the are doing their henst to rendee Republican administration respectahle in comparison- Veepseruly, youreohedient seevant, HARRISON REED. 444APEDX Georgia and Alahama heing Democratic, that Florida msat he so, evento thesacifceof eed, who shouldhe pot andes the ground ifhe did tqietly giewyo them. Hecadvisedsme so make friends tith Bloolsas, and he cnd Governor Smth wocldhlp methroughtithnsyrad. Ilashed hios if he Oct in earnest, asd he saidaostemphaicall, " By Godeld Reed till not he alice thee tooths if he doe't surrendee. W~e not hats achanc, adtwesalot let ittslip -te ehosndto hate Florida feamtshe Republicaes, cost wehat it may, and the only thing tawcit the tap is Reed." I pat the question so him in half a doens diffeeent taps " hat they intended so get cion- teal, and heereplied ech time in the sate mannee. They not had the State and Reed mast hits the dcst or surrendee. I then asked him to fits m t he names of the pasties in this move, and he replied: " Yau did me a fcvor in Aslanta two pecs s agoe I now do pta one telling pea howtos secuee your eailroad inter- essin hash States, hat yea ask me moree that I till tell then youtaakfortnames." This is all Icouldget,candgive itto you asIgotsit, believing, as Ide, seepy toed of is. I hcve doe nnly forpyouwatoIhelieveeo old hate doe foersat, cnd if I hate done pat assesvice I shell he glad. I am, paces veey respectfully, L. Bat 183, Washington, D. G. Is would take teams of payee to glve peualcl the details of the conspiracy to subvert the State government so corrupt pur- poses and involve the Stote in dishonor foe the henefit of an armypof'"bummees"and pliticldentueres the lessened uon the Feeedmaan's Bueau to dehauch the freedmen fee pee- snal aggeandiement. Suffice it that tkecosiarswe thtaeted and, wtih afeecepions, hae gene henceleaving the Slate to their poltiical opponenss, the aee doing theie hest to render Republican adminsteation respectable in comparison. Veryseruly, yeourhedien servant, HARRISON REED.  INDEX, INDEX. INDEX. Abbott, General. 102 Adams, Commissioner333, 135 Adams, -, 221 Adms Seatr 167, 176, 178, 186, 2018, 209 ,Adams,..., 87, Ill Adams3, John3 S., 153 A33(3-313334 Cllege 33334, 231, 256-61 A1labama, 240-48 Alabama a334 Florida Railroad, 247 Alachua County, 12, 50, 52, 122, 141, 142, 143, 238, 239, 319 Alden, 033333 J., 49, 61, 89, 98, 91, 114, 320, 433 A11n, 333na333, 131-32 Ame 16 at, 6-7, 8, 9 Anderson3, Edward~ C., Jr., 234, 236 Anesnilk-, 68 Ani- oen,92 Annxatonof es Flori(da, 240-48 Ap31431hico14 River3, 41, 240-32 Archibald, juge 293, 29-1 Arited L. C., 49, 920, 433 Arsrog 0. B., 30, 33, 369, 320, 433 A3433133 31 133933c6hmen3, 160-71, 181, 211 Atkins, Senator, 181, 132, 162. 126, 129, 188, 208, 288 Avery,0Char1es, 318, 319 B. 0. Lewis 6 33333, 336 8aker, Bo1lling, 189 Bak33 0333339, 12 Bal1, 33339 D., 286 83ltzel1, Thomas3, 11, 12 Baptist 36333hes, 226-27 Barbour, R. P., 21 8Ba-1low, Genera1, 339 843333i, G3333331, 216 Barnett3, Aaron, 163. 281 83346311, Jobh, F., 332 Bas3, A3. G., 33, 369, 320, 433 Battle 31 For M1yers, 3 Bayne3, 1L. 9., 238, 263, 261, 263, 283, 281, 283 Bayne3 a34 03., 233-64 passim 8e11. Al-a333lr, I I Be33ley, J. W., 283 BiddIe, 313., 338 Billings3, Liber-ty, 43-64 p333(3, 132, 162, 168, 126, 128, 288, 289, 369, 321, 324 Bird-, W3. N1. 039333, I I 86-3339, Wil11ia33 183, 184, 186 Bisbee, Horatio, 222, 226, 281, 319,333,326,322,342, 344 Black, Richard4H. 84 81336333 W3~illiam D., 122-28, 133-39 p3...333 218, 219, 224, 263, 224, 333, 336, 432-44 Pas- "Bluescrip, 132 83oard 31 State Ca333ss3rs. See 31433 Board3 of3Canvasser 8333333333 G33333 X. 233, 232 83343, 11928, 142, 143-44, 147- 48, 168-63, 134, 231-32, 233-38, 24344, 246, 232 64, 222-83, 326939 83we3, Joseph, 139, 206, 218-19, 3033 333, 332439 8394, Representative, 139 83o33333, judge, 22 83343334 Cou337, 12 Bramwell1, 3Wi11l3am, 38, 389, 321, 433 8333334, T. WV., 121, 189 833333d C34333, 12, 23, 133, 229, 310-13 8316339. 94-186 933333, 116-23 Abbot, 0G339331, 102 Adams3, Comsinr 133 Adams3, M13,, 221 A3dams, 3S333333, 162, 126, 128, 180, 2018, 2119 Adams,..., 87, 1ll Adams3, jo1in, S., 153 Agricultural College F33,4, 231, 256-61 Alabama3, 243-48 Alabama a331 Florida Railroad, .3133333 County3, 12, 33, 33, 122, 141, 142, 143, 238, 239, 319 Alden3, £33333 J., 49, 61, 89, 93. 91, 114, 93, 433 Ale 33Snao, 131-32 3Am333333333,627,8, 9 3334333333 3343333 C., J3., 234, 2'36 113rovil, 68 An3d333,033-33433, 92 248-48 Apalachicola River, 41, 243-17 Ar33636314 judge, 293, 294 A3333333d4 L. C., 49, 323, 433 Armstron3g, 0. B., 56, 33, 369, 430 433 Artic13s 311333333633333, 160-71, 181, 211 33333 ento, 131, 132, 162, 126, 129, 183, 288, 289 A3933, 0633133, 318, 319 B. C. L.333s & 9333, 336 83633, Bolling3, 189 83633 C33333, 12 8311, 03333 D., 236 Baltzell, Thomas, 11, 12 83pt1s3336ur3h3s,226-22 8336333, R. P., 21 8ar3133 0333331, 339 833333, Ge333331 216 83333331 A33333 133, 281 833313311 John3 F. 342 83s, A. G.0 369, 328, -133 033333 L. P. '38, 268, 261, 263, 288, '81, 283 8333433, J. IV. 293 831133333 0363339, 43-64 P333(33, 152, 162, 168, 126, 129, 288, 339, 339, 371, 374 8333339 93,113333 183, 184, 186 833633, Horatio, 222, 226, 291. 319, 328,3426, 322, 332, 344 B1336, Richard H., 84 81336333, William3 1D., 127-28, 133-39 9333333, 216, 219, 224, 263, 224, 333, 336, 432-44 p33- 8133e 333(9, 133 833341 41 33333 033333s333. See 83(3333(3, 033333 M1., 233, 232 83343, 119-20, 142, 143-44, 147- 49, 168-03. 164, 231-32, 233-38, 243-48, 246. 232-64, 222-83, 3 26-28 833333, Joseph, 139, 266, 218-19, 382-3. 323, 337-39 8394, Representative, 139 83933343, judge, 22 BradfordCounty, 12 Bramwell31, Wil1liam, 38, 369, 371, 435 8333334, T. WV., 121, 189 8333334 03u339. 12, 23, 133, 229, 310-13 Bribery, 94-106 9333(33, 116-25 Abbott, 13333333, 182 A43333, 0333mi433(4333, 133 Adams3, 313., 221 A43333, 33333333, 162. 126, 128, 188, 238, 269 Adam, J. S., 82, 111 Adams3, John S., 13 Agricultural 0311333 33334, 231, 256-61 A1la3a3, 243-48 Alabama3 a33d Florida Railroad, 247 Alachua 0333339, 12, 38, 33, 122, 141, 142, 143, 238, 239, 319 A1433, 033333 J., 49, 61, 89, 90, 91, 114, 328, 433 Alen 3Snaor 131-32 6333333 oath, 6-7, 8, 9 3334333333 3433334 C., Jr, 231, 236 113rovil, 68 AdeG e m,92 243-48 333133333313 Rive, 41, 240-47 Ar3hibal14 judge, 293, 391 Arited L. C., 49, 328, 433 3333333333 0. B., 33. 33, 369, 3708 433 33333133 311339333333333, 160-71. 181, 211 3363333 9333333, 131, 132, 162, 123, 179, 183, 238, 239 .33339, (333313, 318, 319 B. C. 0333(363333s, 336 83k33, 8311(33, 189 83633 0333339, 12 8311, 33339 D)., 236 Baltzell, Thomas3, 11, 12 Baptist 36333633, 226-327 Barbour, R. P., 21 8331333, 03333331, 339 833333, Genera1, 216 83333e33, Aaron3, 165, 381 83336311, joint F., 332 8333. A. G., 33, 369, 323, 433 839333, L. 9., 238, 266, 261, 263, 283, 281, 283 83933e 3334 03., 233-649333(33 Bell, A1l3333d33, I11 83333le9, J. W3., 2113 8(4413, 313,, 339 8(11(333s, L(63319, 43-64 9333(3, 152, 167, 168, 126, 179, 28. 239, 369, 321, 324 8(34, 33. Al. 03pe33, I I 8(3339, Wi1lliam, 183, 184, 186 Bisbee, Horatio, 222, 226, 291, 319, 323, 326, 322, 332,3944 Black, Richard H., 84 81336333, Will1(am D3., 127-28, 133-39 9333(3, 216, 219, 224, 263, 224, 333, 336, 432-44 933- "Blue strip," 133 83434 31 3tate 0Canv3ss343. See 83(3333(33, 033333 31., 233, 232 833343, 119-20, 142, 143-44, 142- 49, 160-63, 164, 231-32, 233-38, 243-44, 246, 232-64, 222-83, 3 2628 833333, Joseph, 139, 236, 218-19, 332-3, 323, 337-39 Boyd1,3Representativ, 159 83933333, judge, 77 83341434033333y,12 Bramwe-3l, W(illiam, 38, 369, 321, 435 8333334, T. W., 171, 189 8333334 0333319, 12, 23, 133, 229, 31-13 Bribery, 94-106 9333(3, 116-25  2 IND passim, 129, 269-77, 295-96, 317-18, 329 Brown, Henry, 272 Browne, J. B., 254 Bryan, H., 49, 370, 435 Bryant, Representative, 229 Bryson, judge, 328 Buchanan, James, 22 Bulkley, E. B., 164 Bullock, Colonel, 216 Bull Pen, 54 Burleigh, W. E., 206, 220 Burnan, James, 272 Burnside, General, 3 Burritt, S. L., 11, 17 Bush, Allen H., I I Butler, John W., 62, 72, 115, 166, 435 Bynum (Clerk), 125 Calhoun, John C., 21 Calhoun County 11, 135, 442 Calloway, F. B., 11 Campbell, John L., 49, 370, 435 Campbell, N. L., 339, 342 Carse, George B., 90, 92, 441, 442 Cessna, William K., 50, 141-60 passim, 182, 183, 204, 205, 207, 271, 272, 273, 370, 435 Chadwick, E. R., 250, 254, 275, 276 Chandler, Alexander, 50, 369, 371, 435 Chandler, William E., 339, 340 Chase, C. L., 280-82 Chase, C. Thurston, 68 Chattahoochee, 300 Chattahoochee River, 112, 147, 243, 244, 247, 251, 278 Cheney, E. M., 96, 129, 130, 134, 213, 292, 329, 334, 335 Childs, J. W., 49, 370, 435 Choctawhatchie River, 241 Christy, W. H., 50, 128-32, 207, 293-94 Churches, 88, 346. See also Baptist churches; Methodist churches INDEX. City Hotel, 118, 222, 269, 274, 343, 442 Civil Rights bill, 152, 288 Clark, T. F., 303, 305 Clarke, J. B., 278 Clay, Henry, 21 Clay, H. H., 177, 178, 204 Clay County, 11, 50, 120, 272, 342 Cobb, R. W., 242 Cocke, William Archer, 226, 232- 35, 238, 268, 277-85, 290-91, 340, 341, 342 Collinson, John, 278, 279, 281 Colliter, Mr., 109 Columbia County, I1, 50, 127, 131, 142, 216, 265 Committee on Privileges and Elections, 131, 266-67, 270-73, 307, 311, 314 Committee Report on laws to govern Negroes, 27-35 Conant, Sherman, 58, 59, 60, 68, 118, 135, 137, 139, 371, 373-74, 435, 437, 439-40 Cone, William R., 50, 369, 370, 435 Conover, S. B., 50, 68, 71, 71n, 141, 155, 215, 217, 224, 227, 229, 266-77 pasim, 289, 319, 330-34 passim, 370-71, 435 Constitutional Convention: of 1865, 5-16, 18, 27-28, 127; of 1868, 3, 47-63, 67-75 Constitutions of Florida, 64, 80. 93, 114, 313, 327, 347-69, 375- 404, 406-35 Cooper, W. B., I1 Corporation consolidation bill, 155-58 Couch, George, 437 Coulter, William R., 11 County Criminal Court, 29 Cowgill, C. A., 227, 256-62 pas- sim, 268, 331 Cox, Representative, 124 Crawford, John L., 85, 167, 176, 179, 180, 189, 208, 209, 254, 308, 314, 321 passim, 129, 269-77, 295-96, 317-18, 329 Brown, Henry, 272 Browne, J. B., 254 Bryan, H., 49, 370, 435 Bryant, Representative, 229 Bryson, Judge, 328 Buchanan, James, 22 Bulkley, E. B., 164 Bullock, Colonel, 216 Bull Pen, 54 Burleigh, W. E., 206, 220 Burnan, James, 272 Burnside, General, 3 Burritt, S. L., 11, 17 Bush, Allen H., I I Butler, John W., 62, 72, 115, 166, 435 Bynum (Clerk) , 125 Calhoun, John C., 21 Calhoun County I1, 135, 442 Calloway, F. B., I1 Campbell, John L., 49, 370, 435 Campbell. N. L., 339, 342 Carse, George B., 90, 92, 441, 442 Cessna, William K., 50, 141-60 passim, 182, 183, 204, 205, 207, 271, 272, 273, 370, 435 Chadwick, E. R., 250, 254, 275, 276 Chandler, Alexander, 50, 369, 371, 435 Chandler, William E., 339, 340 Chase, C. L., 280-82 Chase, C. Thurston, 68 Chattahoochee, 300 Chattahoochee River, 112, 147, 243, 244, 247, 251, 278 Cheney, E. M., 96, 129, 130, 134, 213, 292, 329, 334, 335 Childs, J. W., 49, 370, 435 Choctawhatchie River, 241 Christy, W. H., 50, 128-32, 207, 293-94 Churches, 88, 346. See also Baptist churches; Methodist churches City Hotel, 118, 222, 269, 274, 343, 442 Civil Rights bill, 152, 288 Clark, T. F., 303, 305 Clarke, J. B., 278 (lay, Henry, 21 Clay, H. H., 177, 178, 204 Clay County, 11, 50, 120, 272, 342 Cobb, R. W., 242 Cocke, William Archer, 226, 232- 35, 238, 268, 277-85, 290-91, 340, 341, 342 Collinson, John, 278, 279. 281 Colliter, Mr., 109 Columbia County, I1, 50, 127, 131, 142, 216, 265 Committee on Privileges and Elections, 131, 266-67, 270-73, 307, 311, 314 Committee Report on laws to govern Negroes, 27-35 Conant, Sherman, 58, 59, 60, 68, 118, 135, 137, 139, 371, 373-74. 435, 437, 439-40 Cone, William R., 50, 369, 370, 435 Conover, S. B., 50, 68, 71, 71n, 141, 155, 215, 217, 224, 227, 229, 266-77 passim , 289, 319, 330-34 p.ssim, 370-71, 435 Constitutional Convention: of 1865, 5-16, 18, 27-28, 127; of 1868, 3, 47-63, 67-75 Constitutions of Florida, 64, 80, 93, 114, 313, 327, 347-69, 375- 404, 406-35 Cooper, W. B., 11 Corporation consolidation bill, 155-58 Couch, George, 437 Coulter, William R., II County Criminal Court, 29 Cowgill, C. A., 227, 256-62 pas- sim, 268, 331 (ox, Representative, 124 Crawford, John L. 85, 167, 176, 179, 180, 189, 208, 209, 254, 308, 314, 321 passim, 129, 269-77, 295-96, 317-18, 329 Brown, Henry, 272 Browne, J. B., 254 Bryan, H., 49, 370, 435 Bryant, Representative, 229 Bryson, Judge, 328 Buchanan, James, 22 Bulkley, E. B., 164 Bullock, Colonel, 216 Bull Pen, 54 Burleigh, W. E., 206, 220 Burnan, James, 272 Burnside, General, 3 Burritt, S. L., 11, 17 Bush, Allen H., I Butler, John W., 62, 72, 115, 166, 435 Bynum (Clerk), 125 Calhoun, John C., 21 Calhoun County 11, 135, 442 Calloway, F. B., II Campbell, John L., 49, 370, 435 Campbell, N. L., 339, 342 Carse, George B., 90, 92, 441, 442 Cessna, William K., 50, 141-60 passi, 182, 183, 204, 205, 207, 271, 272, 273, 370, 435 Chadwick, E. R., 250, 254, 275, 276 Chandler, Alexander, 50, 369, 371, 435 Chandler, William E., 339, 340 Chase, C. L., 280-82 Chase, C. Thurston, 68 Chattahoochee, 300 Chattahoochee River, 112, 147, 243, 244, 247, 251, 278 Cheney, E. M., 96, 129, 130, 134, 213, 292, 329, 334, 335 Childs, J. W., 49, 370, 435 Choctawhatchie River, 241 Christy, W. H., 50, 128-32, 207, 293-94 Churches, 88, 346. See also Baptist churches; Methodist churches DEX. City Hotel, 118, 222, 269, 274, 343, 442 Civil Rights bill, 152, 288 Clark, T. F., 303, 305 Clarke, J. B., 278 Clay, Henry, 21 Clay, H. H., 177, 178, 204 Clay County, 11, 50, 120, 272, 342 Cobb, R. W., 242 Cocke, William Archer, 226, 232- 35, 238, 268, 277-85, 290-91, 340, 341, 342 Collinson, John, 278, 279, 281 Colliter, Mr., 109 Columbia County, 11, 50, 127, 131, 142, 216, 265 Committee on Privileges and Elections, 131, 266-67, 270-73, 307, 311, 314 Committee Report on laws to govern Negroes, 27-35 Conant, Sherman, 58, 59, 60, 68, 118, 135, 137, 139, 371, 373-74, 435, 437, 439-40 Cone, William R., 50, 369, 370, 435 Conover, S. B., 50, 68, 71, 71n, 141, 155, 215, 217, 224, 227, 229, 266-77 passim, 289, 319, 330-34 passim4, 370-71, 435 Constitutional Convention: of 1865, 5-16, 18, 27-28, 127; of 1868, 3, 47-63, 67-75 Constitutions of Florida, 64, 80, 93, 114, 313, 327, 347-69, 375- 404, 406-35 Cooper, W. B., I1 Corporation consolidation bill, 155-58 Couch, George, 437 Coulter, William R., 11 County Criminal Court, 29 Cowgill, C. A., 227, 256-62 pas- sim, 268, 331 Cox, Representative, 124 Crawford, John L., 85, 167, 176, 179, 180, 189, 208, 209, 254, 308. 314, 321  IND:, Crippen, Paul, 50, 51, 53, 54 Cruse, Harry, 105-6 Cushing, Caleb, 30 Dade County, 12, 73, 103, 135, 155, 265, 308, 310-13 Davidson Green, 50, 369, 370, 435 Davidson, J. E. A., 62, 72, 84, 87, 435 Davidon, R. H. M., 11, 333 Day, Samuel T., 127, 133, 134, 138, 142, 180-88 passoi, 204, 205, 210, 437, 443 DeLeon, Inspector, 302, 303 Democratic Party: as blessing to Negroes, 4; nominees, 64, 129- 30; in Legislature of 1868, 84- 85; on Reed impeachment attempts, 125, 159-210 psim; election of 1870, 127-39; clec- tion of 1872, 21624; supports Negro appointments, 227-28; struggle for legislative control, 229-30, 264-89; and railroad purchase bill, 238-39; rise to power, 307-45 passim; men- tioned passim Dennett, N. C., 50, 371, 435 Dennis, L G., 132, 134, 141, 142, 167, 176, 178, 180, 208, 209, 242, 286, 291, 315, 316 Dennis, R. H., 332, 333, 334 Detective law of 1868, 145 De Vaughnjustie of the Peace, 296-97 Dewy, S. T., 68 Dickinson, Mr., I ll Dickinson, John J., 92 Discrimination, 29-32 Dockray, Fred A., 129, 141, 142, 189, 206, 207, 211, 269, 270 Douglas, S. J., 138 Douglass, Frederick, 25 Downie, M. W., 277 Dred Scott decision, 30-31 Drew, George F., 333, 340-44 Drew, James B. C., 138, 141, 142, 153, 210 INDEX. Duke, Senator, 159 Dukes, Representative, 142 Doncan, Senator, 131, 132, 318 Duncan, E. B., 35 Duncan, William J. J., 11 Dupont, C. H., 20,28 Durkee, Senator, 315 Dutch bondholders, 235 Duval County, 11, 17, 50, 76, 124, 128, 152, 159, 221-22, 225, 230, 238, 239, 275, 293-94, 315 Dyens, G. B., 12 Dyke, Charles E., 68, 135, 136, 238, 242, 244, 248, 274, 288, 289, 322, 327, 333 Eagan, Dennis, 167, 176, 179, 180, 208, 209, 331, 334 Elections: of delegates and offi- cers for Constitutional Cont- vention, 5-9, 49-51; of Negro Congressman, 38; of 1868, 64- 65; of state printer, 96, 288, 322; of U. S. Senator, 115, 270-76, 308-10, 316-23 passim; frauds, 218-22, 302-5, 307, 337- 43, 437-40; Order of 1867, 369- 71; of 1870, 127-39; of 1872, 213-24; of 1874, 269-76; Stew- art-Sturtevant contest, 310-16; of 1876, 329-44 Elijah, Representative, 267 Emmons, J. P. C., 172, 173, 177, 179, 182, 184, 189, 191, 197, 204, 210, 342 Epps, Francis, 38 Erwin, Auburn, 50, 98, 370, 435 Escambia Bay, 247 Escambia County, 12, 49, 102, 315, 320, 332 Exhibit G, 118-20 Fenton, Governor, 92 Fifteenth Amendment, 101 Finlayson, John, 109 Finley, Jesse J., 298, 301, 333, 439 Firearms, use by Negroes, 32-33, 35-36 Crippen, Paul, 50, 51, 53, 54 Cruse, Harry, 105-6 Cushing, Caleb, 30 Dade County, 12, 73, 103, 135, 155, 265, 308, 310-13 Davidson, Green, 50, 369, 370, 435 Davidson, J. E. A., 62, 72, 84, 87, 435 Davidson, R. H. M., 11, 333 Day, Samuel F., 127, 133, 134, 138, 142, 180-88 passim, 204, 205, 210, 437, 443 DeLeon, Inspector, 302, 303 Democratic Party: as blessing to Negroes, 4; nominees, 64, 129- 30; in Legislature of 1868, 84- 85; on Reed impeachment attempts, 125, 159-210 passim; election of 1870, 127-39; elec- tion of 1872, 216-24; supports Negro appointments, 227-28; struggle for legislative control, 229-30, 261-89; and railroad purchase bill, 238-39; rise to power, 307-45 passim; men. tioned paim Dennett, N. C., 50, 371, 435 Dennis, L. G., 132, 134, 141, 142, 167, 176, 178, 180, 208, 209, 242, 286, 291, 315, 316 Dennis, R. H., 332, 333, 334 Detective law of 1868, 145 De Vaughn, Justice of the Peace, 296-97 Dewy, S. T., 68 Dickinson,.Mr., 111 Dickinson, Johnt J., 92 Discrimination, 29-32 Dockray, Fred A., 129, 141, 142, 189. 206, 207, 211, 269, 270 Douglas, S. J., 138 Douglass, Frederick, 25 Downie, M1. W., 277 Dred Scott decision, 30-31 Dtew, George F., 333, 340-44 Drew, James B. C., 138, 141, 142,153, 210 Duke, Senator, 159 Dukes, Representative, 142 Duncan, Senator, 131, 132, 318 Duncan, E. B., 35 Duncan, William J. J., 11 Dupont, C. H., 20, 28 Durkee, Senator, 315 Dutch bondholders, 235 Duval County, 11, 17, 50, 76, 124, 128, 152, 159, 221-22, 225, 230, 238, 239, 275, 293-94, 315 Dyens, G. B., 12 Dyke, Charles E., 68, 135, 136, 238, 242, 244, 248, 274, 288, 289, 322, 327, 333 Eagan, Dennis, 167, 176, 179, 180, 208, 209, 331, 334 Elections: of delegates and offi- cers for Constitutional Con- vention, 5-9, 49-51; of Negro Congressman, 38; of 1868, 64- 65; of state printer, 96, 288, 322; of U. S. Senator, 115, 270-76, 308-10, 316-23 passim; frauds, 218-22, 302-5, 307, 337- 43, 437-40; Order of 1867, 369- 71; of 1870, 127-39; of 1872, 213-24; of 1874, 269-76; Stew- art-Sturtevant contest, 310-16; of 1876, 329-44 Elijah, Representative, 267 Emmons, J. P. C., 172, 173, 177, 179, 182, 184, 189, 191, 197, 204, 210, 342 Epps, Francis, 38 Etwin, Auburn, 50, 98, 370, 435 Escambia Bay, 247 Escambia County, 12, 49, 102, 315, 320, 332 Exhibit G, 118-20 Fenton, Governor, 92 Fifteenth Amendment, 101 Finilayson, John, 109 Finley, Jesse J., 298, 301, 333, 439 Firearms, use by Negroes, 32-33, 35-36 Crippen, Paul, 50, 51, 53, 54 Cruse, Harry, 105-6 Cushing, Caleb, 30 Dade County, 12, 73, 103, 135, 155, 265, 308, 310-13 Davidson, Green, 50, 369, 370, 435 Davidson, J. E. A., 62, 72, 84, 87, 435 Davidson, R. H. M., 11, 333 Day, Samuel T., 127, 133, 134, 138, 142, 180-88 passim, 204, 205, 210, 437, 443 DeLeon, Inspector, 302, 303 Democratic Party: as blessing to Negroes, 4; nominees, 64, 129- 30; in Legislature of 1868, 84- 85; on Reed impeachment attempts, 125, 159-210 passim; election of 1870, 127-39; elec- tion of 1872, 216-24; supports Negro appointments, 227-28; struggle for legislative control, 229-30, 264-89; and railroad purchase bill, 238-39; rise to power, 307-45 passim; men- tinned passimon Dennett, N. C., 50, 371, 435 Dennis, L. G., 132, 134, 141, 142, 167, 176, 178, 180, 208, 209, 242, 286, 291, 315, 316 Dennis, R. H., 332, 333, 334 Detective law of 1868, 145 De Vaughn, justice of the Peace, 296-97 Dewy, S. T., 68 Dickinson, Mr., Il l Dickinson, John J., 92 Discrimination, 29-32 Dockray, Fred A., 129, 141, 142, 189, 206, 207, 211, 269, 270 Douglas, S. J., 138 Douglass, Frederick, 25 Downie, M. W., 277 Dred Scott decision, 30-31 Drew, George F., 333, 340-44 Drew, James B. C., 138, 141, 142,153, 210 DEX. 3 Duke, Senator, 159 Dukes, Representative, 142 Duncan, Senator, 131, 132, 318 Duncan, E. B., 35 Duncan, William J. J., 11 Dupont, C. H., 20, 28 Durkee, Senator, 315 Dutch bondholders, 235 Duval County, 11, 17, 50, 76, 124, 128, 152, 159, 221-22, 225, 230, 238, 239, 275, 293-94, 315 Dyens, G. B., 12 Dyke, Charles E., 68, 135, 136, 238, 242, 244, 248, 274, 288, 289, 322, 327, 333 Eagan, Dennis, 167, 176, 179, 180, 208, 209, 331, 334 Elections: of delegates and offi- cers for Constitutional Con- vention, 5-9, 49-51; of Negro Congressman, 38; of 1868, 64- 65; of state printer, 96, 288, 322; of U. S. Senator, 115, 270-76, 308-10, 316-23 passim; frauds, 218-22, 302-5, 307, 337- 43, 437-40; Order of 1867, 369- 71; of 1870, 127-39; of 1872, 213-24; of 1874, 269-76; Stew- art-Sturtevant contest, 310-16; of 1876, 329-44 Elijah, Representative, 267 Emmons, J. P. C., 172, 173, 177, 179, 182, 184, 189, 191, 197, 204, 210, 342 Epps, Francis, 38 Erwin, Auburn, 50, 98, 370, 435 Escambia Bay, 247 Escambia County, 12, 49, 102, 315, 320, 332 Exhibit G, 118-20 Fenton, Governor, 92 Fifteenth Amendment, 101 Fiolayson, John, 109 Finley, Jesse J., 298, 301, 333, 439 Firearms, use by Negroes, 32-33, 35-36  INDEX. INDEX. Flagg, F. H., 280 Fletcher, R. R-., 12 Flint, F. F., 70, 79, 373 F1orida Agriculturatl College, 2371, 256-61 Florida, Atlatict attd Gulf Cttt- 164 278, 283, 284 Florida Cnttion; Co., 287 Flortida Ratilway Comttpany, 121, 149-50, 164, 165 Florida Sav-ings Batik, 83 Flor-idiant, 68, 134, 148n, 274, 327 Fordt, Henrty, 50, 51 Form,A thur J., I1 Ft. George, 294 Fotue F., 49, 55, 98, 98, 370, 425 Forwartd, H. H., 116, 120 Fotertt, Charlest, 268 Fotr . K., 68 Fowlter, George F., 721 48 Freetdmn's Bureautt, 77, 40-42, 69, 107-10, 192, 444 Freedmen's~ Savings Btik, 135 Funtdintg Bill, 149, 231 Cadsdent Couty, 11, 78, 49, 50, 53, 76, 88, 97, 112, 229, 221, 282, 300, 309 Gainesille, 126 Gambtl, Robert H., 81, 134-38 pattttitt, 437 Gass, J. C., 286 Gass, T-. C., 249 General Orders No. 110, 369-71 Gtti6, Jamest, 12 Gibbs, Jonthantt C., 50, 55, 64, 81, 99, 112. 124, 136, 132, 139, 179, 183, 184, 186, 219, 229, 221, 262, 268, 769, 291, 293, 299, 369, 371, 425, 437, 439 Gilbert, Revered, 116 Gilbet, Abijah, 79, 87, 98, 119 Gillit, judge, 147, 184 Gillit, C., 160 Ginnt, Sento, 167, 176, 179, 180 Cleason, Williamtt H., 64, 65, 89, 99, 91, 193, 155-36, 742, 769, 771, 312, 441 Gro4Itloc, J. C., 242 Gosst, Jesse H., 50, 54, 57, 87, 84, 07, 778, 769, 771, 435 Grahamt, Edgar 51., 159, 160, 169, 171 Grandjuror, 151 Grat,6Abram, 777 Grnt, Ulysses 5., 88, 216 Greatt Sothernt Railroad, 799, 760, 433 Greele.y, Hoae 2122, 716 Green, James D., 88, 89, 116, 126, 174, 179 Greent, W. F., 786 Giffin Henrty, 227 Hailto, Charle 51., 64, 69, 107-8, 110, 111, 117, 126, 127, 372 Hamilton; Couty, 11, 88, 131, 277 Hannat, Thomast, 707, 708 Hannaht, Repreetative, 767 Hardaway, Robert H., 237 Harde, Repreettiveh, 279 Harden, Rober-t A., 273 Harkinst, W5. W., 277 Harmant, Henry S., 84, 89, 98, 99. 174, 708 Harrtis, F. J., 04, 98 Harris, John D., 700 Hart, 0. B.: rebuff Red, 778, legiltur, 730-37, 767-68; asks Cocketo reign, 232-35; ap- poits Cabnt, 768; dits, 790; mtionetttd 55, 67, 68, 72, 115, 175, 184, 106, 188, 195, 712- 73 /DD6Dn, 371, 374, 435 Hayes, Rtefod B., 47, 341, 342, 440 Henderso, John A., 103, 118, Flagg, F. H., 780 Flete, R. R-., 12 Flit, F. F., 70. 79, 973 FIlorida Agiutural College, 731, 256-61 Flrd;, Admanic and GuIf Cen- tral Railrod Company, lot, 164 Florida, Ceta Railroad, 150, 278, 783, 284 Flor-ida Cosruto Co., 282 Floida Railtay Company, 171, 149-50, 160, 165 FloridSaing Bank, 83 Floridian, 68, 134, 148n, 224, 37 For-d, Heny, 50, 51 FormanArtrJ., I I Ft. Georg, 294 Fotunet, F., 48, 55, 98, 99, 370, 435 Forwad, H. H., 116, 120 Fose, Charle, 268 Fotr . K., 68 Fowle, Geortge P., 371 Franklin CDunty, 49, 08, 93, 247- 48 Fedmen' Bureau, 37, 40-42, 69, 107-1, 152, 444 Fredmen'Savings Batik, 105 Funding Bill, 149, 231 Gadsdn Cuty, 11, 28, 49, 50, 53, 76, 08, 93, 117, 270, 771, 787, 390, 309 Cainesville, 126 Gamble, Roet H., 81, 134-38 passim, 437 Cass, J. C., 786 Gas, T. C., 749 GenrI Or-ders ND. 110. 369-71 Cttit, Jame, 17 Gibbs, Jonatthan C., 50, 55, 64, 81, 90, 112, 134, 136, 137, 139, 170, 183, 184, 186, 219, 770, 771, 262, 268, 709, 291, 793, 299, 369, 371, 439, 437, 439 Gilbr, Reverend, 110 Gilbet, AbijaO, 78, 97, 88, 119 Cilli, judtge, 147, 184 Gillis, C., 160 CinnSentort, 167, 176, 179, 180 Clast, W9iiam H., 64, 65, 09, 90, 91, 103, 155-56, 747, 265, 771, 312, 441 Ct-tdlo, J. C., 74 Coss, Jess H., 50, 54, 57, 82, 04, 07, 778, 369, 371, 435 Craham, Edgar MI.. 159, 160, 169, 121 Grand juror, 151 Gran, AbramI, 277 GrantD, Ulysses S., 88, 710 306, 433 Creeley, Horac, 21-22, 716 CG-een-, James D., 80, 89, 116, 120, 174, 125 Cretn, W. F., 280 Crfinu, Henry, 227 Hamilton, Char-les M1., 64, 69, 107-8, 117. 111, 112, 176, 177, 372 Hamtiltont Couty, II, 88, 131, 272 Hannat-, Thomas,, 367, 308 Hannah, Reprsettiv, 267 Hardaway, Robet-I H., 237 Harde, Represetativ, 229 Hat-den, Robtl A., 223 H-arkins, W. W., 273 Harman, Henry S., 84, 88, 98, 99 124, 308 Htari, F. J., 04, 98 Harrtis, Jtohn D3., 300 Hat, 0. B.; rebuhffs Reed, 223; takest oc, 223; msge to legislatur, 230-32, 262-68; asks Ctctkoreig, 232-35; a- points Catbinett, 268; dies, 290; men-ttionettd 55, 62, 68, 72, 115, 125, 184, 186, 188, 195, 212- 23 passim, 371, 370, 433 Hayest, Rther-fortd B., 47, 341, 342, 440 Hedersont, John A., 103, 118, Flagg, F. HL, 780 Fltchert R. R.,, 12 Flitnt, F. F., 20, 29, 373 FloridaDAgiculturalColdeg, 231, 256-61 Flor-id, Atlantic ad Cdlf Ct-- trXI Railroa~d Comtpany, 161, FIlortida CentraI Railroad, 158, 278, 283, 284 Flortida Contruction Co., 287 Flor-ida Railway CompanDy, 121, 149-5O, 164, 165 Flortida Savings Batik, 83 Floridiant, 68, 134, 148nt, 274, 322 Fortd, Htenry, 50, 51 Ftormant,Athurt J., I I Ft. Ceorg-, 294 Fotunettt, F., 49, 55, 98, 99, 370 435 Forwarttd, H. H., 118, 170 Fotetr, Charlest, 268 Fotert, E. K ., 68 Fowler-t, George P., 321 Franttklitn Cottutty, 49, 88, 93, 27- 48 Freetdtmen'ts BureauIt, 37, 40-42, 69, 107-1, 152, 444 Freedtten't Savingt Batik, 105 Funtding Bill, 149. 231 CGtddent Countty, 11, 28, 49, 50, 53, 76, 88, 93, 112, 720, 221, 282, 300, 309 Gainesvttille-, 126 Gamtble-, Rober-t H., 81, 134-38 put-it, 437 CGass, J. C., 286 Cass, T. C., 249 CGeneral Or-ders- No. 113, 369-71 ttb, Jamest, 17 Gibb, Jona~thant C., 50, 55, 64, 81, 90, 112, 134, 136, 137, 139. 170, 103, 184, 186, 219, 220, 221, 262, 260, 269, 291, 293, 299, 369, 371, 435, 437, 439 Gilbert, Reverentd, 110 Gilbert, Abijah, 78, 97, 98, 115 Cilli, judge-, 142, 184 Cillit, C., 160 GODD, Setort 167, 176, 179, 10 CGt-atotn, W5illiamt H., 64, 65, 89, 90, 91, 103, 155-56, 242, 265, 221, 312, 441 Cindl-tt, J. C., 242 Gott, Jest H., 50, 54, 52, 82, 04, 02, 328, 369, 321, 435 CGratam, Fdgar AtL, 159, 160, 169, 171 Granudjuror, 151 Gtrait, Abramtt, 222 CGrant, Ulysses S., 88, 216 Creat Sothernt- Rlroa~t-d, 259- 306, 433 Greley, Hoae 21-22, 216 Ct-een, Jatttt 13., 88, 89, 116, 120, 174, 125 Ct-een, W. F., 288 Grfin6,t Henrty, 227 Hamtiltont, Chao-It 51., 64, 69, 107-0, 110 111, 112, 176, 177, 377 Ham iltot County, 11, 88, 131, 272 Huannt, T~homasut, 397, 308 Hatntah, Reptt-settativet, 262 Hartdawaty, Robertt H., 737 Hardee, Repteta-tiv, 229 Harden, RDobert A., 223 Hartkinst, W. W., 273 Harmatntt, Henruty S., 84, 89, 98, 99. 124, 308 Hatti, E. J., 84, 98 Hat-it, JoD 3., 300 Hartt,0. B.: rebuffstReetd,.223; takt-t office, 275; mtessttge to le-gitltutt, 230-72, 267-68; astks Coct-- to rt-tigtn, 232-35; ap- poits CabiDet, 760; dit-t, 299; mntXioned 55, 62, 68, 22, 115, 125, 184, 186, 188, 195, 212- 23 Pttit, 571, 374, 435 Hay-, RuIt-erford B., 42. 341, 342, 440 HendertsoD, John A., 103, 118,  INDJ 167, 168, 176, 177, 179, 189, 191, 205-7, 208, 209, 230, 276, 319-20 Hendry, Francis A., 12, 314 Hernando County, 12, 50, 272 Hicks, William Watkin, 308, 318, 320, 331 Hiers, Charles F., 160 High Court of Impeachment, 189-204, 207-9 Hill, Ben, 336 Hill, Frederick, 49, 53, 105, 132, 167, 176, 178, 180, 208, 209, 315, 369, 370, 435 Hillsborough County, 12, 50, 103, 118, 239, 267 Hillyer, Senator, 167, 173, 176, 179 Hilton, R. B., 138, 303, 305, 340, 342, 437-40 Hines, W. J., II Hires, Charles F., 160 Hoeg, H. H., 129, 130 Houe, Davia P., 12 Flo.1ldon, Wi'lliam~ H., 12 Holland, D. P., 238, 239, 326, 327 Hopme, Couey, 12, 49, 241 Hopo, Samueol F,, 12, 272 House, E. D., 50, 68, 371 Houstoun, General, 92 Houstoun's spring, 39 Howard, General, 108 Hunt, William H., 103, 208, 209 Illiteracy, 56, 323-24 Injunction against canvass, 136- 37, 138 Internal Improvement Board, 115-16 Internal Improvement Fund, 147, 150, 153, 164, 165, 233, 234, 283 Internal Improvement Laws, 101 Jackson County, 11, 49, 107-12, 117, 126, 127, 141, 215, 216, 220. 221. 299, 305, 339 Jacksonville, mentioned paoim INDEX. INDEX. .Jacksonville, Pensacola and Mo- bile Railroad Company, 143, 147-48, 154, 162, 164, 165, 226, 235-37, 238, 251, 277-86, 326- 27 Jacksonville U. n on,, 96 Jay, Hamilton, 141, 206, 288 Jefferson County, 11, 50. 220, 221, 293, 303, 304, 305, 307 Jenkins, Horatio, J-.: character- ization of, 56; elected Convent- tion President, 59-60, 71; elected Senator, 128-32; men- tioned 50, 58, 86n, 91, 142, 167, 175-80 passim, 286, 370- 74 pa,,im, 405, 435 Jew, 317-18 'Johnson, A. D., 273 Johnson, Andrew, 5, 13, 67, 128, 405 John,,,,- E. G., 131, 132 Johnon, James F. P., 12 Johnson, James W., 160, 167, 126, 181, 182, 183, 208, 209, 286i Johmson, Major, 50, 369, 370, 435 Jones, C. W., 320, 321, 322 Kelly, W. W. J., 12. 17 Kendrick, Senator, 167, 176, 178, 180, 208 Kenit, Chancellor, 30 King, J., 271-72 Knight, A. A., 68, 83, 293 Krimminger, J. R., 50, 131, 132, 369, 370, 435 "Ku-Klux," 270-271, 442 Labor contracts, 108-9 Lafayette County, 11, 50, 131, 135, 272 Lake City, 147, 150, 282, 283 Lake Jackson, 328, 338 Land certificates, 40 Landrum, James M., 12 Larrabee, Charles F,, 371 Lassiter, Jesse B., 12 167, 168, 176, 177, 179, 189, 191, 205-7, 208, 209, 230, 276, 319-20 Hendry, Francis A., 12, 314 Hernando County, 12, 50, 272 Hicks, William Watkin,, 308, 318, 320, 331 Hiers, Charles F., 160 High Court of Impeachment, 189-204, 207-9 Hill, Ben, 336 Hill, Frederick, 49, 53, 105, 132, 167, 176, 178, 180, 208, 209, 315, 369, 370, 435 Hillsbororugh County, 12, 50, 103, 118, 239, 267 Hillyer, Senator, 167, 173, 176, 179 Hilton, R. B., 138, 303, 305, 340, 342, 437-40 Hines, W. J., I I Hires, Charles F., 160 Hoeg, H. H., 129, 130 Hogu,oi);id P., I1I Holdeo, William H., 12 Holland, D. P., 238, 239, 326, 327 Holmes County, 12, 49, 241 Hope, Samuel E., 12, 272 House, E. D., 50, 68, 371 Houstoun, General, 92 Houstoun's s pring, 39 Howard, General, 108 Honot, William H., 103, 208, 209 Illiteracy, 56, 323-24 Injunction against canvass, 136- 37, 138 Internal Improvement Board, 115-16 Internal Improvement Fund, 147, 150, 153, 164, 165, 233, 234, 283 Internal Improvement Laws, 101 Jackson County, 11, 49, 107-12, 117, 126, 127, 141, 215, 216, 220, 221, 299, 305, 339 Jacksonville, mentioned passim Jacksonville, Pensacola and Mo- bile Railroad Company, 143, 147-48, 154, 162, 164, 165, 226, 235-37, 238, 251, 277-86, 326- 27 Jacksonville Union, 96 Jay, Hamilton, 141, 206, 288 Jefferson County, 11, 50, 220, 221, 293, 303, 304, 305, 307 Jenkins, Horatio, Jr.: haracter- ization of, 56; elected Conen- tion President, 59-60, 71; elected Senator, 128-32; men- tioned 50, 58, 86n, 91, 142, 167, 175-80 passio, 286, 370- 74 pasimo 405, 435 Jew, 317-18 Johnson, A. D., 273 Johnson, Andrew, 5, 13, 67, 128, 405 Johnson, E. G., 131, 132 Johnson, James F. P., 12 Johnson, James W., 160, 167, 176, 181, 182, 183, 208, 209, 296 Johnson, Major, 50, 369, 370, 435 Jones, C. W., 320, 321, 322 Kelly, W. W. J., 12, 17 Kendrick, Senator, 167, 176, 178, 180, 208 Kent, Chancellor, 30 King, J., 271-72 Knight, A. A., 68, 83, 293 Krimminger, J. R., 50, 131, 132, 369, 370, 435 -Ku- Klux," 270 271, 442 Labor contracts, 108-9 Lafayette County, 11, 50, 131, 135, 272 Lake City, 147, 150, 282, 283 Lake Jackson, 328, 338 Land certificates, 40 Landrum, James M., 12 Larrabee, Charles F., 371 Lassiter, Jesse B., 12 167, 168, 176, 177, 179, 189, 191, 205-7, 208, 209, 230, 276, 319-20 Hendry, Francis A., 12, 314 Hernando County, 12, 50, 272 Hicks, William Watkin, 308, 318, 320, 331 Hiers, Charles F., 160 High Court of Impeachment, 189-204, 207-9 Hill, Ben, 336 Hill, Frederick, 49, 53, 105, 132, 167, 176, 178, 180, 208, 209, 315, 369, 370, 435 Hillsborough County, 12, 50, 103, 118,239, 267 Hillyer, Senator, 167, 173, 176, 179 Hilton, R. B., 138, 303, 305, 340, 342, 437-40 Hines, W. J., I I Hires, Charles F., 160 Hoeg, H. H., 129, 130 Hlogu, l4.idllP., II Holden, Sillia H., 12 Hollnd, D. P., 238, 239, 326, 327 Holmes County, 12, 49, 241 Hope, Samuel E., 12, 272 House, E. D., 50, 68, 371 Houtoun, General, 92 Houstouns spring, 39 Howard, General, 108 Hunt, William H., 103, 208, 209 llliterac.,y, 56, 323-24 lnjunction against canvass, 136- 37, 138 Internal Improvement Board, 115-16 Internal Improvement Fund, 147, 150, 153, 164, 165, 233, 234, 283 Internal Improvement Laws, 101 Jackson County, 11, 49, 107-12, 117, 126, 127, 141, 215, 216, 220, 221, 299, 305, 339 Jacksonville, mentioned passim Jacksonville, Pensacola and Mo- bile Railroad Company, 143, 147-48, 154, 162, 164, 165, 226, 235-37, 238, 251, 277-86, 326- 27 Jacksonville Union, 96 Jay, Hamilton, 141, 206, 288 Jefferson County, 11, 50, 220, 221, 293, 303 304, 305, 307 Jenkins, Horatio, Jr.: character- ization of, 56; elected Conven- tion Preident, 59-60, 71; elected Senator, 128-32; men- tioned 50, 58, 86n, 91, 142, 167, 175-80 passim, 286, 370- 74 pasim, 405, 435 Jew, 317-18 Johnson, A. D., 273 Johnson, Andrew, 5, 13, 67, 128, 405 Johnson, E. G., 131, 132 Johnson, James F. P., 12 Johnson, James W., 160, 167, 17 ', 181, 182, 183, 208, 209, 296 Johnson, Major, 50, 369, 370, 435 Jones, C. W., 320, 321, 322 Kelly, W. W. J., 12, 17 Kendrick, Senator, 167, 176, 178, 180, 208 Kent, Chancellor, 30 King, J., 271-72 Knight, A. A., 68, 83, 293 Krimminger, J. R., 50, 131, 132, 569, 370, 435 Ku-Klux," 270-271, 442 Labor contracts, 108-9 Lafayette County, 11, 50, 131, 135, 272 Lake City, 147, 150, 282, 283 Lake Jackson, 328, 338 Land certificates, 40 Landrum, James M., 12 Larrabee, Charles F., 371 Lassiter, Jesse B., 12  INDEX. INDEX. Le Cain, W. H., 330 Ledwith, W. M., 129 Lee, Joseph E., 293 Lee, Joshua H., 272 Lee, Josiah A., 265, 331 Legal advertisements, 239-40 Legislative records, 150-51 Legislatures of: 1868, 77-92, 96; 1869, 93-104, 150; 1870, 113- 39; 1871, 139, 154; 1872, 184- 210; 1873, 256, 265-89; 1874, 290-92; 1875, 317-24; 1876, 344-45 Leslie, Felix, 11 Levy County, 11, 17 Lewis, David P., 244 Liberal Republican Convention, 216 Liberty County, 11, 49 Lincoln, A-braham, 22, 43 Lincoln Brotherhood, 42-45, 53, 60, 79, 95 Littlefeld, Calvin, 281 Littlefield, Milton S., 102-6, 118- 20, 125, 142, 154, 163, 164, 237, 253, 278-85 passim Livingston, D. G., 11 I Locke, Senator, 167, 176, 178, 180 Long, Thomas T., I I Lott. Luke, I11, 442 Love, James, 12 Loyal League of America, 45- 47, 53, 60 M. K. Jesup & Co., 237 McCaskill, A. L., 85, 167, 176, 179, 180, 208, 209, 242, 309, 310 McCauley, Senator, 316 McClellan, Colonel, 110 McCook, General, 39 McDaniel, Mr., 109 McGriff, Mr., 109 1Mcnnis, Daniel, 129, 130, 132, 152, 153, 238, 239, 240, 249-50, 293 McIntosh, Judge, 47 McKean, judge, 21 McKinnon, A. D., 167, 176, 179, 180, 208, 209, 286, 314 McKinnon, John L., 229, 242, 267 McLellan, Jesse, 12 McLin, Samuel B., 268, 331, 334, 341 McRae, B. M., 50, 370, 435 Macon, Nathaniel, 21 Ma1ison County, 11, 50, 73, 92, 209, 267, 307, 329, 330, 331, 332 Magbee, Judge, 125 M agbee, James T., 1 I Magruder, C. B., 313, 314 Manatee County, 88, 116, 125, 135, 160, 169, 171 M1arianna, 109, 110 Marion County, 12, 50, 54, 57, 216 Marriage, 33 Martin, M., 221, 223, 224, 228, 229, 240, 248-50, 291, 293, 300, 322, 371 Marvin, William, 5-9, 11, 12-15, 17-20 Maxwell, G. Troup, 11, 12, 17 May, Asa, 11 I Meacham, Robert, 50, 132, 167, 176, 178, 180, 207, 208, 209, 299, 301, 369, 370, 435 Meade, George G., 52, 53, 59, 64, 69-74 pass.im, 373, 374 Meek, Attorney General, 91, 134, 135, 136 Menard, J. Willis, 242, 331 Methodist churches, 110, 226 Miccosukie precinct. 303 Michler, James A., Jr., I I Milders, J., 235, 237 Miller, Charles A., 244, 248 Mills, Anthony, 50, 369, 370, 435 Mithell, H. H., 239, 250, 267 Mizell, David, 371, 435 Mobley, C. R., 50, 55, 124, 371, 374, 435 Monroe County, 12, 50 Montgomery, Daniel, 334 Le Cain, W. H., 330 Ledwith, W. M., 129 Lee, Joseph E., 293 Lee, Joshua H., 272 Lee, Josiah A., 265, 331 Legal advertisements, 239-40 Legislative records, 150-51 Legislatures of: 1868, 77-92, 96; 1869, 93-104, 150; 1870, 113- 39; 1871, 139, 154; 1872, 184- 210; 1873, 256, 265-89; 1874, 290-92; 1875, 317-24; 1876, 344-45 Leslie, Felix, I I Levy County, 11, 17 Lewis, David P., 244 Liberal Republican Convention, 216 Liberty County, 11, 49 Lincoln, Abraham, 22, 43 Lincoln Brotherhood, 42-45, 53, 60, 79, 95 Littleield, Calvin, 281 Littlefield, Milton S., 102-6, 118- 20, 125, 142, 154, 163, 164, 237, 253, 278-85 pass.im. Livingston, D. G., 11 I Locke, Senator, 167, 176, 178, 180 Long, Thomas T., I1 I Lott. Luke, 111, 442 Love, James, 12 Loyal League of America, 45- 47, 53, 60 M. K. Jsup & Co., 237 McCaskill, A. L., 85, 167, 176, 179, 180, 208, 209, 242, 309, 310 McCauley, Senator, 316 McClellan, Colonel, I 10 McCook, General, 39 McDaniel, Mr., 109 McGriff, Mr., 109 McInnis, Daniel, 129, 130, 132, 152, 153, 238, 239, 240, 249-50, 293 McIntosh, Judge, 47 McKean, Judge, 21 McKinnon, A. D., 167, 176, 179, 180, 208, 209, 286, 314 McKinnon, John L., 229, 242, 267 McLellan, Jesse, 12 McLin, Samuel B., 268, 331, 334, 341 McRae, B. M., 50, 370, 435 Macon, Nathaniel, 21 Madison County, 11, 50, 73, 92, 209, 267, 307, 329, 330, 331, 332 Magbee, Judge, 125 Magbee, James T., 11 Magruder, C. B., 313, 314 Manatee County, 88, 116, 125, 135, 160, 169, 171 Marianna, 109, 110 Marion County, 12, 50, 54, 57, 216 Marriage, 33 Martin, M., 221, 223, 224, 228, 229, 240, 248-50, 291, 293, 300, 322, 371 Marvin, William, 5-9, 11, 12-15, 17-20 Maxwell, G. Troup, 11, 12, 17 May, Asa, 11 Meacham, Robert, 50, 132, 167, 176, 178, 180, 207, 208, 209, 299, 301, 369, 370, 435 Meade, George G., 52, 53, 59, 64, 69-74 passim, 373, 374 Meek, Attorney General, 91, 134, 135, 136 Menard, J. Willis, 242, 331 Methodist churches, 110, 226 Miccosukie precinct, 303 Michler, James A., Jr., I I Milders, J., 235, 237 Miller, Charles A., 244, 248 Mills, Anthony, 50, 369, 370, 435 Mitchell, H. H., 239, 250, 267 Mizell, David, 371, 435 M6obley, C. R., 50, 55, 124, 371, 374, 435 Monroe County, 12, 50 Montgomery, Daniel, 334 Le Cain, W. H., 330 Ledwith, W. M., 129 Lee, Joseph E., 293 Lee, Joshua H., 272 Lee, Josiah A., 265, 331 Legal advertisements, 239-40 Legislative records, 150-51 Legislatures of: 1868, 77-92, 96; 1869, 93-104, 150; 1870, 113- 39; 1871, 139, 154; 1872, 184- 210; 1873, 256, 265-89; 1874, 290-92; 1875, 317-24; 1876, 344-45 Leslie, Felix, 11 Levy County, 11, 17 Lewis, David P., 244 Liberal Republican Convention, 216 Liberty County, 11, 49 Lincoln, Abraham, 22, 43 Lincoln Brotherhood, 42-45, 53, 60, 79, 95 Littlefield, Calvin, 281 Littlefield, Milton S., 102-6, 118- 20, 125, 142, 154, 163, 164, 237, 253, 278-85 passim Livingston, D. G., 11 Locke, Senator, 167, 176, 178, 180 Long, Thomas T., 11 I Lott, Luke, 111, 442 Love, James, 12 Loyal League of America, 45- 47, 53, 60 M. K. Jesup & Co., 237 McCaskill, A. L., 85, 167, 176, 179, 180, 208, 209, 242, 309, 310 McCauley, Senator, 316 McClellan, Colonel, 110 McCook, General, 39 McDaniel, Mr., 109 McGriff, Mr., 109 McInnis, Daniel, 129, 130, 132, 152, 153, 238, 239, 240, 249-50, 293 Mcntosh, Judge, 47 McKean, Judge, 21 [DEX. McKinnon, A. D., 167, 176, 179, 180, 208, 209, 286, 314 McKinnon, Joint L., 229, 242, 267 McLellan, Jesse, 12 McLin, Samuel B., 268, 331, 334, 341 McRae, B. M., 50, 370, 435 Macon, Nathaniel, 21 Madison County, 11, 50, 73, 92, 209, 267, 307, 329, 330, 331, 332 Magbee, Judge, 125 Magbee, James T., I11 Magruder, C. B., 313, 314 Manatee County, 88, 116, 125, 135, 160, 169, 171 Marianna, 109, 110 Marion County, 12, 50, 54, 57, 216 Marriage, 33 Martin, M., 221, 223, 224, 228, 229, 240, 248-50, 291, 293, 300, 322, 371 Marvin, William, 5-9, 11, 12-15, 17-20 Maxwell, G. Troup, 11, 12, 17 May, Asa, I 1 Meacham, Robert, 50, 132, 167, 176, 178, 180, 207, 208, 209, 299, 301, 369, 370, 435 Meade, George G., 52, 53, 59, 64, 69-74 passim, 373, 374 Meek, Attorney General, 91, 134, 135, 136 Menard, J. Willis, 242, 331 Methodist churches, 110, 226 Miccosukie precinct, 303 M ichler, James A., Jr., I I Milders, J., 235, 237 Miller, Charles A., 244, 248 Mills, Anthony, 50, 369, 370, 435 Mithell, H. H., 239, 250, 267 Mizell, David, 371, 435 Mobley, C. R., 50, 55, 124, 371, 374, 435 Monre County, 12, 50 Montgomery, Daniel, 334  IND] Montgomery, David, 307, 331 Monticello, 62, 69, 136 Moragne, N. H., 167, 242, 244, 248 Morgan, 0., 44, 68, 271, 272, 273 Morrison, John, 12 "Mule team faction," 48, 168, 217 Munger, Sheriff, 442 Nassau County, 11, 12, 50, 76, 168 Natural Bridge, 110 Negroes: troops, 3, 18, 19-20, 37, 218-19; fitness for citizenship, 3-4; right to vote, 5-8, 12-15, 24-25, 38, 80-81; right to testi- fy, 14, 18; Walker's attitude, 22-23; as laborers, 23-24, 27; recommended laws concern ing, 28-36; education of, 35; abuse of by whites, 37-38; and land swindle, 39-40; organiza- tions of, 40-48, 58; oppose Constitution, 63; as legisla- tors, 84; equal-privileges bills, 86; and exoneration of Reed, 99-100, 124; legislative caucus, 103-4, 117; and Jackson Coun- ty violence, 107-12; and Reed impeachm4ent attempts, 117- 18, 142, 158-59; schools, 127, 226, 325-26; learn carpetbag treachery, 132-33, 151-52; de- sert Osborn Ring, 213-14, 238- 39; believe Reed guilty of election fraud, 221-22; church controversy, 226-27; appointed to offices, 227-28, 288; bribery and intimidation, 264-76, 295- 98, 317-18, 328-30; violence, 299-300; election frauds, 302- 5, 307; under carpetbag rule, 323-24; teachers, 325-26, 329, 345-46; mentioned passim New York and Florida Lumber, Land and Improvement Com- pany, 115 INDEX,. New York Tribune, 74 New York Warehouse 9 Security Co., 252, 254 Niblack, Silas L., 11, 127, 133, 139, 437, 438, 439 Nixon, T. D., 11 North Carolina Railroad, 281 Noyes, Governor, 339 Oats, Joseph E., 38-39, 50, 369, 370, 435 Oliver, F. N. B., 98 Oliveros, Mr. 189 Orange County, 12, 143, 333 Osborn Ring, passim Osborn, T. W.: organizes Ne- groes, 42-48; characterization of, 56; resolutions on Walker, 61-62; elected Senator, 79; op- poses Reed administration, 86-92; apology to Reed, 99- 100, 212; seeks renomination, 128-29, 217-24; mentioned Osgood, Alfred B., 160, 228, 229, 239, 308 Overstreet, Silas, 11 Owens, James, G., 12 Papy, M. D., 28, 47, 91 Pardons, 6-7 Parlin, Senator, 315 Parsons, Governor, 242 Pasteur, Thomas J., 12 Payne, James, Sr., 313 Pearce, C. H, 50, 53, 60, 62, 63, 87-88, 100, 105, 106, 167, 176, 179, 180, 182, 210, 218, 269, 289, 369, 370, 371, 374 Pearce, Samuel J., 50, 435 Peeler, A. J., 28, 91, 188, 195 Pennington, J. L., 244, 248 Pennsylvania Central Railroad, 156 Pensacola and Georgia Rail- road, 101, 150, 153, 162, 164, 236, 247, 278, 283 Pensacola and Louisville Rail- road, 247 Montgomery, David, 307, 331 Monticello, 62, 69, 136 Moragne, N. H., 167, 242, 244, 248 Morgan, 0., 44, 68, 271, 272, 273 M4orrison, John, 12 "Mule team faction," 48, 168, 217 Munger, Sheriff, 442 Nassau County, 11, 12, 50, 76, 168 Natural Bridge, 110 Negroes: troops, 3, 18, 19-20, 37, 218-19; fitness for citizenship, 3-4; right to vote, 5-8, 12-15, 24-25, 38, 80-81; right to testi- fy, 14, 18; Walker's attitude, 22-23: as laborers, 23-24, 27; recommended laws concern- ing, 28-36; education of, 35; abuse of by whites, 37-38; and land swindle, 39-40; organiza- tions of, 40-48, 58; oppose Constitution, 63; as legisla- tors, 84; equal-privileges bills, 86; and exoneration of Reed, 99-100, 124; legislative caucus, 103-4, 117; and Jackson Coun- ty violence, 107-12; and Reed impeachment attempts, 117- 18, 142, 158-59; schools, 127, 226, 325-26; learn carpetbag treachery, 132-33, 151-52; de- sert Osborn Ring, 213-14, 238- 39; believe Reed guilty of election fraud, 221-22; church controversy, 226-27; appointed to offices, 227-28, 288; bribery an4d intimidation, 264-76, 295- 98, 317-18, 328-30; violence, 299-300; election frauds, 302- 5, 307; under carpetbag rule, 323-24; teachers, 325-26, 329, 345-46; mentioned passim New York and Florida Lumber, Land and Improvement Com- pany, 115 New York Tribune, 74 New York Warehouse & Security Co., 252, 254 Niblack, Sila L., 11, 127, 133, 139, 437, 438, 439 Nixon, T. D., 11 North Carolina Railroad, 281 Noyes, Governor, 339 Oats, Joseph E., 38-39, 50, 369, 370, 435 Oliver, F. N. B., 98 Oliveros, Mr. 189 Orange County, 12, 143, 333 Osborn Ring, passim Osborn, T. W.: organizes Ne- groes, 42-48; characterization of, 56; resolutions on Walker, 61-62; elected Senator, 79; op- poses Reed administration, 86-92; apology to Reed, 99- 100, 212; seeks renomination, 128-29, 217-24; mentioned pasim Osgood, Alfred B., 160, 228, 229, 239, 308 Overstreet, Silas, 11 Owens, James, G., 12 Papy, M. D., 28, 47, 91 Pardons, 6-7 Parin, Senator, 315 Parsons, Governor, 242 Pasteur, Thomas J., 12 Payne, James, Sr., 313 Pearce, C. H., 50, 53, 60, 62, 63, 87-88, 100, 105, 106, 167, 176, 179, 180, 182, 210, 218, 269, 289, 369, 370, 371, 374 Pearce, Samuel J., 50, 435 Peeler, A. J., 28, 91, 188, 195 Pennington, J. L., 244, 248 Pennsylvania Central Railroad, 156 Pensacola and Georgia Rail- road, 101, 150, 153, 162, 164, 236, 247, 278, 283 Pensacola and Louisville Rail- road, 247 Montgomery, David, 307, 331 Monticello, 62, 69, 136 Moragne, N. H., 167, 242, 244, 248 Morgan, 0., 44, 68, 271, 272, 273 Morrison, John, 12 "Mule team faction," 48, 168, 217 Munger, Sheriff, 442 Nassau County, 11, 12, 50, 76, 168 Natural Bridge, 110 Negroes: troops, 3, 18, 19-20, 37, 218-19; fitness for citizenship, 3-4; right to vote, 5-8, 12-15, 24-25, 38, 80-81; right to testi- fy, 14, 18; Walker's attitude, 22-23; as laborers, 23-24, 27; ,rommended laws concern- ing, 28-36; education of, 35; abuse of by whites, 37-38; and land swindle, 39-40; organiza- tions of, 40-48, 58; oppose Constitution, 63; as legisla- tors, 84; equal-privileges bills, 86; and exoneration of Reed, 99-100, 124; legislative caucus, 103-4, 117; and Jackson Coun- ty violence, 107-12; and Reed impeachment attempts, 117 18, 142, 158-59; schools, 127, 226, 325-26; learn carpetbag treachery, 132-33, 151-52; 4e- sert Osborn Ring, 213-14, 238- 39; believe Reed guilty of election fraud, 221-22; church controversy, 226-27; appointed to offices, 227-28, 288; bribery and intimidation, 264-76, 295- 98, 317-18, 328-30; violence, 299-300; election frauds, 302- 5, 307; under carpetbag rule, 323-24; teachers, 325-26, 329, 345-46; mentioned passim New York and Florida Lumber, Land and Improvement Comn- panry, 115 DEX. 7 New York Tribune, 74 New York Warehouse & Security Co., 252, 254 Niblack, Silas L., 11, 127, 133, 139, 437, 438, 439 Nixon, T. D., II North Carolina Railroad, 281 Noyes, Governor, 339 Oats, Joseph E., 38-39, 50, 369, 370, 435 Oliver, F. N. B., 98 Oliveros, Mr. 189 Orange County, 12, 143, 333 Osborn Ring, passim Osborn, T. W.: organizes Ne- groes, 42-48; characterization of, 56; resolutions on Walker, 61-62; elected Senator, 79; op- poses Reed administration, 86-92; apology to Reed, 99- 100, 212; seeks renomination, 128-29, 217-24; mentioned passimr Osgood, Alfred B., 160, 228, 229, 239, 308 Overstreet, Silas, I1 Owens, James, G., 12 Papy, M. D, 28, 47, 91 Pardons, 6-7 Parlin, Senator, 315 Parsons, Governor, 242 Pasteur, Thomas J., 12 Payne, James, Sr., 313 Pearce, C. H., 50, 53, 60, 62, 63, 87-88, 100, 105, 106, 167, 176, 179, 180, 182, 210, 218, 269, 289, 369, 370, 371, 374 Pearce, Samuel J., 50, 435 Peeler, A. J., 28, 91, 188, 195 Pennington, J. L., 244, 248 Pennsylvania Central Railroad, 156 Pensacola and Georgia Rail- road, 101, 150, 153, 162, 164, 236, 247, 278, 283 Pensacola and Louisville Rail- road, 247  INDEX. INDEX. INDEX. 284 Polk Ctountty, 12, 229 Pon, Charle, 164 Pop, jo,th,, 59, 67, 69, 72, 369- Pot'nJackson, 189 Pwll Johnt W., 50, 370, 435 Price,, Miles, 129, 138 Prsn netiga6ton, 248-SI) Cneto,5-9 PrctrJhn E., 223, 250, 254. 272, 275 izaio 1o, 55-56; repot oi eligibility, 60-61; and Jack- fight, 298-305; mnioned4 past- Pttttt Countty, 11, 142, 275 Qincty, 41, 147, 247, 282, 284, 333 publhic works6 at, 102-5; po'l- icy towar;td, 149-50; Reed prtt- poaltt y, 250-51; antd rail- roa;d purchasett bil11 '38739; RantdalII, E. NI1 68, 97, 138-39, 167, 172, 184, 196, 197293, 294 Randol'ph, John, 21 Ranetty,CGeoge ,6 8593-94,98, 116, 120, 188, 193, 339 1868, 197 8o, 4-65; protgramt 75-78; i- augural addres, 779;ms 96, 181-2, 113-1IS 139, 144-51; 85-86; imtpeachmttt o,, 86-88, 93-99, 116-26, 129, 134, 139, 38; atd tsupplit,,cttonstpira'- tor, 211-12; t'td 1877 lc to,211-24; appoited to'D- offers to' bty ra'ilroad, 258-51; )151-35; claims contsidered, 280, 322-23; tttttt'ticttpd ttit' dacy, 41; fationtstt of1, 48, 81; Billings loyalty, 63-64; hont Coun'ttytviolene,,t III;of 125, 139-218 pattttt; eletiont of1 1878, 126-39; eIecttiont of8 1872, 212-24; struggle' It'r 1eg- 2itv ,tto,l 227-30, 264- 2839; deline, of powert, 307- RichardJakson,' I I Richardt, Johnt C., 12 Richards, Dantiel1, 44-75 pt't-tit't 123, 378-71 p-'tit Richardso, -A., 12 Richards,t' MIatk, 272 Robrt, I. K., 164 Rogerst, W., 50, 371, 435 295 Rt'tt6-tt', Ro'land, T., 50, 378, 435 284 Po'lk Coun'tty, 12, 229 IPond, Chatls, 184 IPap, Johnt, 59, 67, 89, 72, 369- Powell, Johnt W., 30, 378, 431 PrcSie,129, 130 tiin netigtiont, 248-350 protor,' Johtt E., 273, 258, 254, 272, 275 t'8o o, 55-56; reot i eligibility, 88-81; antd Jactk- fight, 208-305; metionedt't' pas- Qu'incty, 41, 147, 247, 282, 284, 333 icy towart'd, 140-50; 1Reed' pro- pt'sj to' buy, 250-SI; antd ra'il- troad purcthaste bi41 238-39; 1Randall, E. M.1 8 87, 138-39, 167, 172, 184, 196, 197203, 294 Rando4tlph, Jo'hn, 21 Rane'y,CGeorge, 8, 939498, 11, 120, 188 195, 339 1868, 187 no,64-65; pro'gta,t' 75-76; n t6t l0t-2, 113-1IS 139, 144-51; 85-88; timpeac',hment of, 88-88, 93-99, 11626, 129, 190, 139, 126; atd 1870 eIlection, 130- tr,211-12; and' 1872 e~lec- slCounty0 Commissiont't, 229; offers to' bu'y railroad, 258-SI; 2515I clim considere't,4'td, 286, sucs,4; attd Stearns',,; di- dsyiv 41; Iat',,, of, 48, 64; Btilings loyatlty, 63-64; hot'tt 125, 150-210 pasit'- ecio tof 1476, 126-39; e1lection, of 1872, 212-24; struggle It'r leg- isIative control,1 227-30, 264- 89 atd railroad purchasett'bil, 230-30; ,eI,,I'' of power,, 392- R,q', J. L. 103 Richar-dj, Jackson, I I Richard, Jo'hn C. 12 125, 370-74 p ... tt' R,6,t,,' A. 12 Richardsont Mar, 272 Robts6,, I. K. 164 Ro'gers, W. 50, 371, 435 Roins,, Su'peritentdent, 294, 435 284 Po'lk Ct'untty, 12, 229 Pontd, Charl1es, 164 Pt'pt', Jt'hn, 59, 67, 69, 72, 360- 71 Pot', Jackst'n, 109 Powell1, jo'6t, W., 50, 370, 435 Prit-e, Slt,, 120, 130 Procto, jt'int E., 223, 250. 254, 272, 275 izt 1no, 55-56; repot'o e'ligibility, 68-61; ,ttd Jack6- sCot', 107-12; agita'tit'n fig))), 298-305;- mentioned pas,- Put,,,, County, 11, 1412, 275 Qu'inc, 41, 147, 247, 282, 284, 333 pubhlic' wor'ks at', 102-5; polI- icy toward,, 149-SO; 18ee, pro'- poaltobu, 250-SI; aridrail roatd purchase bill, 238-39; Rantdall, E. A1., 68, 87, 138-39, 167, 172, 184, 196, 197-203, 294 Randol1ph, John, 21 Raney, Geortge P., 85, 93-94, 98, 116, 120, 188, l9S, 339 188, 107 Ree, Harrison: elected gover'- t'or, 64-65; pro'gramt, 75-76; it,- au'guratl a'ddress, 77-79; mest'- 96, 101-2, 113-13, 139, 144-51; 83-84; atd sothernt wte,, 93-99 116-26, 129, 134, 139, 12; a'd Cabinet o'ppostion, 126; attd 1870 e~lectiont, 130- 38; and supplscattcons'pira'- tos711-12; ats 1872 ,1,,- to,211-24; appoitetd toDu'- Ifest' 6tuy raitlroad4 250-SI; 25) 55; clims,, considered, 286, 32'-23; mt'sioned'ttpattsti toy, 41; fations tof, 48, 64; Billings, loyally, 63-64; 6honst legislatos, 84; arid Jacson't of 1870, 126-39; electono 107', '17-24; truggle It'r leg- 89: ad rai~lroad purchaset bill, 16tqu, J. 1, 103 Rtstti , Jacksont I I RichardI, Johntt C., 12 Ridhard, DanieI, 44-7S passim, 125, 370)-74 pttit't Richardson', A., 12 Rirh;,l ....t, 21,,,h, 772 Robert-s, (dele'gat) , 58 Robert, I. K., 164 Roger, WE., 58, 371, 435 295 It,, t',et,, Rolantd T., 50, 378, 435  Ross, Charles1, 131, 132- Rowley, Ly,,,,, AV., 19, 370, 435 S. WV. Hllpkill1 90 C,,., 270, 279- 80, 284 S., M,0111,9 31. (Cir, Arthur, 272 SI. £Ge1191 Island1, 243, 241 St. M10, 282 St, Xinei Island,1.11 243, 244 SII11...l, W9. H., 232, 3411 *adrsn J. P~., 91, 103 Sant 1R, 1111nt, 12, 49, 115, Sau 111s,0W1lia V., 44-24 91- wn 2,345, 332, 398, 209, 370, 371 5S1hools, 122, 226, 32520 Scott, £11131 99., 04 Sctjl.l R.. 121, 120 24. 1410, 132, 159. 223, 224, 229, 202, 2626,274, 233, 342, 344 Scott1 W, Wash1I, 12 Strip, 34, 62, 87, 94-93. 90, 146, 110, 131, 144, 163, 22125, 230, 231 ,0 5-6 911111 267098 Sears, iliam, 223 Sc- ,20-22 Inanr, IX 1 Sell,,,, 31,., 339 33,11. nd , 30, 30, 4163, 370, 435 Simon , se, 11 Simso, oh, 116, 120, 123 011113119 111111111111-: 10341 S 9dr, Samuel-, 33 Spearin. 1SamuI, 230 Sprg 0,11h T., 59, 90, 68, 71, 74, 91 St1e 1ar 01f1 CI .1111-l, 130, 133-33, 13533, 220-21, 304, 311, 312 INDEX. 51111 310t, 10 State Returing Board3, 292 Statute11stealing, 239-40 Steadman II, General1, 41I Stearnsl, M3. L.: d1111t of1, 41-42, 2735216, 730303 passim1; runs1 111r 9S1111111, 307-9, 327; runs1 1111 £111erno11, 323544; 11 de- 1111111, 342-4;- mentioned11 p111 Stewart1, 111111 A1., 230, 310-17 Stewart1, 19. C.. 203. 274. 330. 337 Slilkll.-, L. D., 03 5111011, John1 N., 227, 3114 3111l;ks, 91,,, 40 311111J, 431iu1, 233, 237 90t111evant, E. T., 230, 254, 310- 81111111 County,1 12, 135, 205, 331 102, 193. 134, 188, 195-99. 210, 711 9111111, Senator1, 167, 179, 179, 208 Swear219.ine, Representative, 229, 240, 250 511,111, £111191 W., 193, 118- 21, 153, 109. 270, 291, 783 TalI,,,l, Bank, 198 153, I62, 101, 236 rlll01l11 Sentinel, 302, 312, 338 Tampa11 55, 124 T ... e, Roger 0., 31 77 Tex, N. J. 3111, 237 Th11rl, Representat1iv, 265 Thompson11, Jamesl D., 299-90,398 Ross1, £0,,lo", 131, 132 1(11111, 1 111111, 99,, 99, 371, 435 S, IV. Ho1pins~ 9-2 Co., 278, 279- 83, 281 S., MIr., 104 St. Augustine11, 79 St. C:lair, Arthur1, 272 St. £11191 13,113, 243, 211 31. Jon' Couy 119.I, 109 St. A1,9,, 202 St 'l1,1Vcn 1land, 243,7211 9111911111 AV. H., 342, 313 Sander11...1n, J. P., 91, 193 Santa1 Ros, £111111, 12, 49, 115, SaunderIs1, William1 9'., 11-71 9, sun1, 328, 338, 337. 338, 309, 370, 379 310111113 127, 220, 37202 311111, £111191 W, 64 311111, John, 1R., 174, 129-29, 1311. 137. 139, 223, 224, 229, 765, 7011, 209, 275, 293. 332, 344 Scott1, W. WVash, 17 311211, 54, 02. 87, 91495, 910. 120, 1,18, 131, 155 103, 21-25 239, 731, 230-0i4 911111. 267098 311rs, 98i112111, 273 S111e1,, 31,., 339 Seminole11 Indians1, 271-72 9011111 Andrew1, 50, 58, 1119, 473, 11111, I. , I1I Simpson1, loll, 116, 120, 125 3,1111111anue, 303 Sperin, 1Smue, 233 Sp 11111Sauel 12 111111, oh T., 59, 0, 68, 71, Stt Boar ofllll111111, 130, 19334 135-39, 220-21, 304, 311, 342 31111 3101, 18 State Returning9 01111, 292 Statute11 stealing, 239-19 Stearns1, M7. L.:;defeat1of, 41-42, 195, 1,12; as Acting £111101111, 225-20. 790-305 9111141; runs1 1111 511111111, 307-9, 322; runs1 Ior £11v11rn11, 325-44; is de- 11,113. 3412-44; mentioned1 9,1- 31111a11, Israel .3., 230, 319-17 Stewart1, 991 G., 265, 774. 336, 337 831(,11e, L.. 1)., 83 Stoke , h N., 227, 303 S111119 Adrin, 235, 237 81111113111, E. T., 239, 254, 310- 16 Sooner1 (County1, 12, 135, 205, 331 107, 183, 181, 188, 195 90. 2101, 211 3111011, 51111111. 167, 170, 179, 2108 211, 250 21, 153, 165, 228, 281, 283 410111131111 012101113, 101, IS0, 153, 1117, 101, 230 Tllahassee Sentine,1 302, 312, 338 Tampa1, 55, 124 11FlresJRoger1B., H1 272 1,1131111, Henry S., I I 1'ex, N. J. 31, 237 Th11p,11l, James1 D., 295-96,208 RIo, £011110 131, 132 1(11311, £911111, W9., 43. 379. 9. XV. Hopkinsl 0 Co., 278, 229- 80, 283 S., Mr., 104 St. Augustine11, 79 St. Cl1an, Art1011, 772 91. (George 1,I, 1, 213, 2144 9t. 711101s, 232 St. Vincent1 1Iland, 213, 243 311111111, 89. It., 332, 314 Sat Ros County,19 12, 49, 119, 100 3,111131,, 99Wi1liam1V., 44-71 911 1111, 328, 335, 337, 338, 369, 320, 324 811111111, 127, 206, 325-26 81111£ Jo111, 12,1282,10 142, 159, 223, 221, 229, 205, 26, 269, 275, 293, 332, 344 S11111, 991 9W110, 12 911111. 51, 612, 87, 31-95, 98, Illb, 148, 151, 15, l65, 221 25, 239, 21. 256-64 9121.267-10 Sea1s W2illiam, 273 3111,121111,70-22 Sellers,, XIr., 339 3,1111111, 11132111, 271 72 1111,,Anre, 59, 58, 3619, 329, Sipsn 1Jh, 106, 120, 125 * 1Smllin 11mn 11c," 10351 S 111111Srn1, 303 9911110n 3.111111, 230 991119111 John 1, 59, 00, 08, 72, 74, 92 Stt Boar of Canvasser, 13, 133-31, 135-39, 220-21, 304, 311, 342 1011. 9 State 310, 18 511111 NReturning 011111, 292 Statute11stealing1, 239-40 195, 142; as Acting1 £111111111, 225-21,, 290-395 91111219 runs1 1111 Senator1, 307-9, 322; runs1 for1 Governor,, 325-14; 8s de- feate, 342-44; men111211111 9111- 511ew111, Israel 71., 239, 310-17 81111111, 9W. G., 205, 274, 330, 337 Stickne, . D., 83 801010, Jin, N., 222, 304 9111119 03,2,,,, 245, 237 Sturtevant1, E. T., 239, 254, 318- 81111111 £111111, 12, 135, 205, 331 911911111 (111111 II"' 1 37, 138, 102, 183 181, 188, 195-90, 21,211 3111111, 81eat,1, 107, 176, 179, 208 Sweain~lgen,, Representive2', 229, 240, 250 911191113, George9 WV., 103, 118- 21, 153, 165, 278, 781, 283 153, 162, 104, 230 T~l,1,,,,9 51rtn211, 392, 312, 338 1Tampa1,55, 124 111119, Roger B., 31 1Taylor County, 11,0 3,15 272 TeasdlI,, Helly S., I I Tex, N. 1.3de, 237 Thompson11, Representative1, 205 Tom11pson, 71111s D., 295-96,308  10 IND Tilden, Samuel J., 341, 342, 344, 440 Toer, J. W., 47, 165 Tracy, E. D., 11, 12 Tyler, John, 22 Tylers of the Altar, 43, 44 Union League, 45 United States Court, 136-37, 153 Urquhart, Thomas, 50, 370, 435 Vann, Emory, 272 Varnum, General, 256-63 passim Varnum, John, 98 Veto journal, 84 Volusia County, 12 Vase, Francis, 153, 232-33 Voters, qualifications of, 5-9 Wakulla County, 11, 229, 288, 304 Walker, A. J., 244, 248 Walker, David S., 17, 20-28, 37, 38, 59, 61, 62, 68, 69, 70, 72, 143, 189, 308, 317-19, 372, 373 Walker, George K., 11 Walker, George W., 49, 62, 72, 370 Walker, Samuel, 57, 64, 93, 94 Wallace, John, 3, 24-25, 48, 155, 160, 182-83, 204, 217, 220, 223, 229, 240, 250, 265, 266, 267, 270-73, 287, 300, 303, 305, 316. 337, 441, 443 Wallace, Lew, 339 Walls, Josiah T., 50, 53, 126-27, 133, 138, 215, 227, 298, 301, 332, 369, 370, 435, 437, 439 Walton, C. H., 302, 322 Walton County, 12, 49 Ware, Eldridge L., 50, 369, 371, 435 Washington, Representative, 250 Washington, George, 21 Washington County, 12, 49, 267, 307 Webster, Daniel, 21, 30 Weeks, Representative, 167, 176, 208, 209 Weeks, E. C., 117-18, 290, 296. 303 Welch, A. S., 79 Wells, Richard, 62, 72, 435 Wentworth, George E., 86n, 102, 132, 142, 166, 167, 178-80 pas- sim, 189, 204, 208, 209, 291, 321 West, Edward M., 237 Westcott, J. D., 172, 184, 188, 195, 196, 294, 296-97, 328 Westcott, James D., Jr., 81, 169, 274, 320, 321 Westcott, John, 111 Wheaton, F. L, 183, 184, 186 Whidden, Wiley W., I1 Whipping, 32 White, P. M., 136-37, 138, 303-4, 305, 339 White, William B., 116, 120-23, 125 Whitfield, Mr., 303, 305 Wiggins, James A., 12 William, Samuel N., 12 Williams, Joseph John, 17 Wilson, Lemuel, 68 Wilson, William, 11 Winterburst, Daniel H., 12 Wirt, William, 30 Witherspoon, George W., 303, 317-18, 332 Woods, W. B., 153 Wright. Benjamin D., 12 Wyatt, John W., 50, 53, 155, 156-58, 217, 369, 370, 435 Yellow Bluff fraud, 96, 130, 132, 133 Yul4e, David L., 115, 162, 163, 168, 169 Zadack, Joseph, 235, 237 10 IND Tilden, Samuel J., 341, 342, 344, 440 Toer, J. W., 47, 165 Tracy, E. D., 11, 12 Tyler, John, 22 Tylers of the Altar, 43, 44 Union League, 45 United States Court, 136-37, 153 Urquhart, Thomas, 50, 370, 435 Vann, Emory, 272 Varnum, General, 256-63 passim Varn4um, John, 98 Veto journal, 84 Volusia County, 12 Vose, Francis, 153, 232-33 Voters, qualifications of, 5-9 Wakulla County, 11, 229, 288, 304 Walker, A. J., 244, 248 Walker, David S., 17, 20-28, 37, 38, 59, 61, 62, 68, 69, 70, 72, 143, 189, 308, 317-19, 372, 373 Walker, George K., 11 Walker, George W., 49, 62, 72, 370 Walker, Samuel, 57, 64, 93, 94 Wallace, John, 3, 24-25, 48, 155, 160, 182-83, 204, 217, 220, 223, 229, 240, 250, 265, 266, 267, 270-73, 287, 300, 303, 305, 316, 337, 441, 443 Wallace, Lew, 339 Walls, Josiah T., 50, 53, 126-27, 133, 138, 215, 227, 298, 301, 332, 369, 370, 435, 437, 439 Walton, C. H., 302, 322 Walton County, 12, 49 Ware, Eldridge L., 50, 369, 371, 435 Washington, Representative, 250 Washington, George, 21 Washington County, 12, 49, 267, 307 Webster, Daniel, 21, 30 Weeks, Representative, 167, 176, 208, 209 Weeks, E. C., 117-18, 290, 296, 303 Welch, A. S., 79 Wells, Richard, 62, 72, 435 Wentworth, George E., 86n, 102, 132, 142, 166, 167, 178-80 pas- sim, 189, 204, 208, 209, 291, 321 West, Edward M., 237 Westcott, J. D., 172, 184, 188, 195, 196, 294, 296-97, 328 Westcott, James D., Jr., 81, 169, 274, 320, 321 Westcott, John, Il l Wheaton, F. L, 183, 184, 186 Whidden, Wiley W., 11 Whipping, 32 White, P. M., 136-37, 138, 303-4, 305, 339 White, William B., 116, 120-23, 125 Whitfield, Mr., 303, 305 Wiggins, James A., 12 William, Samuel N., 12 Williams, Joseph John, 17 Wilson, Lemuel, 68 Wilson, William, 11 Winterhurst, Daniel H., 12 Wirt, William, 30 Witherspoon, George W., 303, 317-18, 332 Woods, W. B,, 153 Wright, Benjamin D., 12 Wyatt, John W., 50, 53, 155, 156-58, 217, 369, 370, 435 Yellow Bluff fraud, 96, 130, 132, 133 Yulee, David L., 115, 162, 163, 168, 169 Zadack, Joseph, 235, 237 10 INDEX. Tilden, Samuel J., 341, 342, 344, Webster, Daniel, 21, 30 440 Weeks, Representative, 167, 176, Toer, J. W., 47, 165 208, 209 Tracy, E. D., 11, 12 Weeks, E. C., 117-18, 290, 296, Tyler, John, 22 303 Tylers of the Altar, 43, 44 Welch, A. S., 79 Wells, Richard, 62, 72, 435 Union League, 45 Wentworth, George E., 86n, 102, United States Court, 136-37, 153 132, 142, 166, 167, 178-80 pas- Urquhart, Thomas, 50, 370, 435 sim, 189, 204, 208, 209, 291, 321 Vann, Emory, 272 West, Edward M., 237 Varnum, General, 256-63 Passim Westcott, J. D., 172, 184, 188, Varnum, John, 98 195, 196, 294, 296-97, 328 Veto journal, 84 Westcott, James D., Jr., 81, 169, Volusia County, 12 274, 320, 321 Vose, Francis, 153, 232-33 Westcott, John, II1 Voters, qualifications of, 5-9 Wheaton, F. L, 183, 184, 186 Whidden, Wiley W., I1 Wakulla County, 11, 229, 288, Whipping, 32 304 White, P. M., 136-37, 138, 303-4, Walker, A. J., 244, 248 305, 339 Walker, David S., 17, 20-28, 37, White, William B., 116, 120-23, 38, 59, 61, 62, 68, 69, 70, 72, 125 143, 189, 308, 317-19, 372, 373 Whitfield, Mr., 303, 305 Walker, George K., I I Wiggins, Ja4es A., 12 Walker, George W., 49, 62, 72, William, Samuel N., 12 370 Williams, Joseph John, 17 Walker, Samuel, 57, 64, 93, 94 Wilson, Lemuel, 68 Wallace, John, 3, 24-25, 48, 155, Wilson, William, 11 160, 182-83, 204, 217, 220, Winterhurst, Daniel H., 12 223, 229, 240, 250, 265, 266, Wirt, William, 30 267, 270-73, 287, 300, 303, Witherspoon, George W., 303, 305, 316, 337, 441, 443 317-18, 332 Wallace, Lew, 339 Woods, W. B., 153 Walls, Josiah T., 50, 53, 126-27, Wright, Benjamin D., 12 133, 138, 215, 227, 298, 301, Wyatt, John W., 50, 53, 155, 332, 369, 370, 435, 437, 439 156-58, 217, 369, 370, 435 Walton, C. H., 302, 322 Walton County, 12, 49 Yellow Bluff fraud, 96, 130, 132, Ware, Eldridge L., 50, 369, 371, 133 435 Yulee, David L., 115, 162, 163, Washington, Representative, 250 168, 169 Washington, George, 21 Washington County, 12, 49, 267, Zadack, Joseph, 235, 237 307